hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
IBM Db2
Db2 is a family of data management products, including database servers, developed by IBM. It initially supported the relational model, but was extended to support object–relational features and non-relational structures like JSON and XML. The brand name was originally styled as DB2 until 2017, when it changed to its present form. In the early days, it was sometimes wrongly styled as DB/2 in a false derivation from the operating system OS/2.

VSE (operating system)
VSEn (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965. It is less common than z/OS and is mostly used on smaller machines.

DOS/VSE was introduced in 1979 as a successor to DOS/VS; in turn, DOS/VSE was succeeded by VSE/SP version 1 in 1983, and VSE/SP version 2 in 1985. In the late 1980s, there was a widespread perception among VSE customers that IBM was planning to discontinue VSE and migrate its customers to MVS instead, although IBM relented and agreed to continue to produce new versions of VSE. In February 2005, IBM announced z/VSE as successor to VSE/ESA 2.7, which was named to reflect the new System z branding for IBM's mainframe product line. In June 2021, 21st Century Software Inc announced that it had licensed the z/VSE source code from IBM with the intention of developing new versions of the operating system. As part of this transfer, z/VSE was renamed to VSEn.
High Bridge Branch
The High Bridge Branch is a branch line that was operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ). As built, the branch started in High Bridge, New Jersey at a connection with the CNJ main line and continued north to iron-ore mines in Morris County. The High Bridge Branch line followed the South Branch Raritan River for much of its length.

Portions of the branch are operated by the Dover and Rockaway River Railroad.

High Bridge, New Jersey
High Bridge is a borough in Hunterdon County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 3,546, a decrease of 102 (−2.8%) from the 2010 census count of 3,648, which in turn reflected a decline of 128 (−3.4%) from the 3,776 counted in the 2000 census.
Bastida Pancarana
Bastida Pancarana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km south of Milan and about 14 km southwest of Pavia in the Oltrepò Pavese traditional region.

Bastida Pancarana borders the following municipalities: Bressana Bottarone, Castelletto di Branduzzo, Cava Manara, Mezzana Rabattone, Pancarana, Sommo, Zinasco.

Castelletto di Branduzzo
Castelletto di Branduzzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 km (28 mi) south of Milan and about 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of Pavia.

Castelletto di Branduzzo borders the following municipalities: Bastida Pancarana, Bressana Bottarone, Casatisma, Lungavilla, Pancarana, Pizzale, Verretto.
Sinead Jack
Sinead Jack Kısal (born Sinead Jack, 8 November 1993 in San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago) is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian-born Turkish female professional volleyball player. She plays as middle blocker. Currently,  she plays for the Turkish club Eczacıbaşı. In the past, she was a member of the Trinidad and Tobago women's national volleyball team. She has Turkish citizenship by marriage, and was selected to the Turkey women's national volleyball team.

2013 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship
The 2013 Women's NORCECA Volleyball Championship was the 23rd edition of the Women's Continental Volleyball Tournament. Nine countries competed from September 16 to September 21, 2013, in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The United States qualified for the 2013 FIVB Women's World Grand Champions Cup, after winning the Continental Championship 3–1 in final, defeated to the Dominican Republic. Kelly Murphy of the United States won the MVP Award.
Kyzyl-Suu
Kyzyl-Suu (Kyrgyz: Кызыл-Суу, formerly known as Pokrovka) is a village in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. About 10km inland from Lake Issyk Kul on the A363 highway between Jeti-Ögüz resort and Barskoon, it is the capital of Jeti-Ögüz District. Its population was 15,075 in 2021.

At the head of the Chong Kyzyl-Suu ('little red water') valley, it is a base for trekking into the 14,000 foot mountains to the south.

Barskoon
Barskoon (Kyrgyz: Барскоон; Russian: Барскаун, romanized: Barskaun; Persian: بارسغان) is a settlement on the southern shore of Lake Issyk Kul in the Issyk-Kul Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 9,040 in 2021. It is on the A363 highway between Bökönbaev to the west and Kyzyl-Suu to the east.
Scottish Cup
The Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the Scottish Cup (Scottish Gaelic: Cupa na h-Alba), is an annual association football knock-out cup competition for men's football clubs in Scotland. The competition was first held in 1873–74. Entry is open to all 122 clubs with full membership of the Scottish Football Association (SFA), along with up to eight other clubs who are associate members. The competition is called Scottish Gas Men's Scottish Cup for sponsorship reasons.

Although it is the second-oldest competition in association football history, after the English FA Cup, the Scottish Cup trophy is the oldest in association football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world. It was first presented to Queen's Park, who won the final match of the inaugural tournament in March 1874. The current holders are Aberdeen, who won the tournament by defeating Celtic on penalties in the 2025 final.

West of Scotland Football League
The West of Scotland Football League (WoSFL) is a senior football league based in the west of Scotland. The league sits at levels 6–10 on the Scottish football league system, acting as a feeder to the Lowland Football League.

Founded in 2020, it is currently composed of 80 member clubs competing in five divisions. Geographically, the league covers Argyll & Bute, Ayrshire, East Dunbartonshire, West Dunbartonshire, Glasgow, Inverclyde, Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire. Two clubs are also based in Dumfries and Galloway.

Since its formation, it has featured in the senior pyramid system. The winners take part in an end of season promotion play-off with the East of Scotland Football League and South of Scotland Football League champions, subject to clubs meeting the required licensing criteria.
Philip I, Count of Boulogne
Philip I of Boulogne (Philip Hurepel) (1200–1235) was a French prince, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in his own right, and Count of Boulogne, Mortain, Aumale, and Dammartin-en-Goële jure uxoris.

Philip was born in September 1200, the son of Philip II of France and his controversial third wife Agnes of Merania. Illegitimacy shadowed his birth and career, but he was legitimated by Pope Innocent III. He was associated with founding the Tour du Guet in Calais. He is the first recorded person to bear a differenced version of the arms of France.

Counts of Mortain
The County of Mortain was a medieval county in the Duchy of Normandy in France centered on the town of Mortain, disputed between France and England during parts of the Hundred Years' War. A choice landholding, usually either kept within the family of the duke of Normandy (or the king of France) or granted to a noble in return for service and favor. This was the main reason Mortain had so many counts and from different lineages, as shown below, during its long history.
2016–17 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Kent State Golden Flashes men's basketball team represented Kent State University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Flashes, led by sixth year head coach Rob Senderoff, played their home games at the Memorial Athletic and Convocation Center, also known as the MAC Center, as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. Kent State finished the regular season 22–14, 10–8 in MAC play to finish fourth in the MAC East division. As the No. 6 seed in the MAC tournament, the Flashes defeated Central Michigan, Buffalo, Ohio, and Akron to win the tournament for the first time since 2008. As a result, the Flashes received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 14 seed in the South region. In the first round, they lost to UCLA.

2017 MAC men's basketball tournament
The 2017 Mid-American Conference men's basketball tournament was the post-season men's basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC). Tournament first-round games were held on campus sites at the higher seed on March 6. The remaining rounds here held at Quicken Loans Arena (now Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse) in Cleveland, Ohio between March 9–11, 2017. The sixth-seeded Kent State Golden Flashes won the tournament and the conference's automatic bid to the 2017 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament with a 70–65 win over the top-seeded Akron Zips. It is Kent State's sixth tournament title overall and first since 2008. Kent State lost to UCLA in the First Round.
Welfesholz
Welfesholz is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Gerbstedt. The place became famous because of the Battle of Welfesholz in 1115.

Gerbstedt
Gerbstedt (German pronunciation: [ˈɡɛʁpˌʃtɛt] ⓘ) is a small town in Saxony-Anhalt, district Mansfeld-Südharz. It was traditionally dominated by copper mining, presently agriculture is dominant.

Tower of former monastery Gerbstedt

Town hall Gerbstedt

View of Gerbstedt with a rare Robur bus
Aynhoe Park
Aynhoe Park (alternately known as Aynho Park) is a 17th-century country estate consisting of land and buildings that were rebuilt after the English Civil War on the southern edge of the stone-built village of Aynho, Northamptonshire, England. It overlooks the Cherwell valley that divides Northamptonshire from Oxfordshire. The core buildings represent four architectural periods: Jacobean, Carolean and both the early 18th and 19th centuries.

Up to 1954, it was the family home of the Cartwright family. Since then, it was used for fifty years as a retirement apartment complex.

Since 2020 the estate has been owned by RH as the site of their retail and hospitality experience "RH England, The Gallery at Aynho Park", and the location of a white deer farm producing high-end venison.

It has been listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England since September 1953. Its wider grounds form part of a Grade II listed 'Park and Garden'.

Aynho
Aynho (/ˈeɪnhoʊ/, formerly spelt Aynhoe) is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, England, on the edge of the Cherwell valley 6 miles (9.7 km) south-east of the north Oxfordshire town of Banbury and 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Brackley.

Along with its neighbour Croughton 2 miles (3.2 km) to the east, it is one of the two southernmost villages in Northamptonshire.

It is the southernmost settlement in Northamptonshire and indeed the entire English East Midlands region.
Pedara
Pedara (Sicilian: Pirara) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 224 kilometres (139 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Catania.

Pedara borders the municipalities of Mascalucia, Nicolosi, San Giovanni la Punta, Trecastagni, Tremestieri Etneo, and Zafferana Etnea.

Tremestieri Etneo
Tremestieri Etneo (Sicilian: Trimmisteri) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) north of Catania.

Tremestieri Etneo borders the following municipalities: Catania, Gravina di Catania, Mascalucia, Pedara, San Giovanni la Punta, San Gregorio di Catania, Sant'Agata li Battiati.
Khatron Ke Khiladi 12
Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, Bach Ke Kahan Jayega? Khatra Kahin Se Bhi Aayega! is the twelfth season of Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi, an Indian reality and stunt television series produced by Endemol Shine India. The show premiered from 2 July to 25 September 2022, on Colors TV and digitally streams on Voot. Filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, the 26-episode season was hosted by Rohit Shetty. Tushar Kalia emerged as the winner of this season while Faisal Shaikh became the 1st runner-up.

Rubina Dilaik
Rubina Dilaik (pronounced [ɾuːˈbiːna dɪˈleːk]; born 26 August 1987) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi  television. One of the highest-paid television actresses in India, she is a recipient of several accolades including an ITA Award and a Gold Award. Dilaik is widely recognised for her portrayal of Radhika in Chotti Bahu and Soumya in Shakti – Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki. She is also the winner of the reality shows Bigg Boss 14 and Pati Patni Aur Panga. She expanded to Hindi films with Palash Muchhal's Ardh (2022).
Giovanni Pietro Ligario
Giovanni Pietro Ligario (1686–1748) was an Italian painter and architect of the late-Baroque.

He was born at Ardenno province of Sondrio in the Valtelline valley, and after early training there, moved to Rome, where he frequented the studio of  Lazzaro Baldi, and afterwards visited Venice. On his return to his native town in 1727, he was employed in painting historical pictures for churches and private collections. He died at Sondrio. He has left a  ‘‘St. Benedict’’ in the church of the convent at Sondrio, and a ‘‘Descent of the Holy Spirit’‘ in the church of San Giovanni Battista, Morbegno.

His children, Angelo, Cesare, and Vittoria were also painters.

Sondrio
Sondrio (Italian: [ˈsondrjo] ⓘ; Lombard: Sùndri; Romansh: Sunder; archaic German: Sünders or Sonders; Latin: Sundrium) is an Italian city, comune and administrative centre for the province of Sondrio, located in the heart of the Valtellina. As of 2015, Sondrio counted approximately 21,876 inhabitants. In 2007, Sondrio was named the Alpine Town of the Year.
Depot Battalion, RE F.C.
Depot Battalion Royal Engineers F.C. was an English football club. In 1908 the club joined Division Two the Southern League. That season they finished third in the league and won the FA Amateur Cup, defeating Stockton 2–1 in the final. However, they left the league at the end of the season.

Stockton F.C.
Stockton Football Club was an English football club based in Stockton-on-Tees. The club were known as 'The Ancients' because of their long-standing presence in the town.  Their traditional colours were red and black quartered shirts with white shorts.
Robert Siboldi
Robert Dante Siboldi Badiola (born 24 September 1965) is a Uruguayan professional manager and former footballer.

A talented goalkeeper, Siboldi played most of his club career in Mexico and for the Uruguay national team between 1992-1997.

As a manager, Siboldi has been Liga MX champion twice, with Santos Laguna and Tigres UANL, respectively, in only three playoffs disputed. Both of his Liga MX championships were as interim coach.

Mazatlán F.C.
Mazatlán Futbol Club, simplified as Mazatlán FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Mazatlán, Sinaloa. It competes in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio El Encanto. Founded in 2020, after the Monarcas Morelia franchise was moved to Mazatlán.
Rhodocybe
Rhodocybe is a genus of fungi in the family Entolomataceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agaricoid (gilled mushrooms) producing pink basidiospores that are unevenly roughened or pustular under the microscope. Species are saprotrophic and mostly grow on the ground, occasionally on wood. The genus is distributed worldwide.

Entolomataceae
The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (mushrooms with gills), but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.
Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition
Skill-based theories of second-language acquisition are theories of second-language acquisition based on models of skill acquisition in cognitive psychology. These theories conceive of second-language acquisition as being learned in the same way as any other skill, such as learning to drive a car or play the piano. That is, they see practice as the key ingredient of language acquisition. The most well-known of these theories is based on John Anderson's adaptive control of thought model.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Cape Otway
Cape Otway is a cape and a bounded locality of the Colac Otway Shire in southern Victoria, Australia on the Great Ocean Road; much of the area is enclosed in the Great Otway National Park. The cape marks the boundary between the Southern Ocean on the west and Bass Strait on the east.

Great Ocean Road
The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage-listed 240-kilometre (150 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia, between the Victorian towns of Torquay and Allansford. Built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and dedicated to soldiers killed during World War I, the road is the world's largest war memorial. Winding through varying terrain along the coast, and providing access to several prominent landmarks, including the Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations, the road is an important tourist attraction.

The city of Geelong, close to Torquay, experiences great benefit from Australian and international visitors to the road, with Geelong Otway Tourism affirming it as an invaluable asset. In 2008, the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) listed the road as the state's top tourism experience in its Victoria 101 survey, based on places that members of the public would recommend to visitors.
Dover District
Dover is a local government district in Kent, England. It is named after its largest town, the port town of Dover. The council is based in Whitfield on the outskirts of Dover. The district also covers the towns of Deal, Sandwich and Walmer as well as the surrounding rural areas.

The district borders Thanet District to the north, the City of Canterbury to the west, and Folkestone and Hythe District to the south-west. To the south and east, it faces the Strait of Dover.

Thanet District
Thanet /ˈθænɪt/ is a local government district in Kent, England. The council is based in Margate and the district also contains the towns of Broadstairs, Ramsgate and Westgate-on-Sea, along with several villages. It takes its name from the Isle of Thanet, a former island which gradually became connected to the mainland between the 12th and 16th centuries.

The district lies on the north-eastern tip of Kent, bordering the City of Canterbury to the west and Dover District to the south. It is predominantly coastal, with north, east and southeast-facing coastlines.
Inverness (federal electoral district)
Inverness was a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created in the British North America Act, 1867. It was abolished in 1933 when it was merged into Inverness—Richmond riding. It consisted of Inverness County.

Inverness—Richmond
Inverness—Richmond was a federal electoral district in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Inverness and Richmond—West Cape Breton ridings. It consisted of the counties of Inverness and Richmond and  part of the county of Cape Breton (the municipal districts of Bateston (No. 24), Catalone (No. 15), Gabarus (No. 7), Grand Mira (No. 17), Louisburg Parish (No. 6), Main-à-Dieu (No. 5), and Trout Brook (No. 16)), including the town of Louisburg.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Cape Breton Highlands—Canso and Cape Breton—East Richmond ridings.
Platonic solid
In geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex, regular polyhedron in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Being a regular polyhedron means that the faces are congruent (identical in shape and size) regular polygons (all angles congruent and all edges congruent), and the same number of faces meet at each vertex. There are only five such polyhedra: a tetrahedron (four triangular faces), a cube (six square faces), an octahedron (eight triangular faces), a dodecahedron (twelve pentagonal faces), and an icosahedron (twenty triangular faces).

Geometers have studied the Platonic solids for thousands of years. They are named for the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, who hypothesized in one of his dialogues, the Timaeus, that the classical elements were made of these regular solids.

Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron
In geometry, a Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron is any of four regular star polyhedra.

They may be obtained by stellating and faceting the regular convex dodecahedron and icosahedron, and differ from these in having regular pentagrammic faces or vertex figures. They can all be seen as three-dimensional analogues of the pentagram in one way or another.
Andover Theological Seminary
Andover Theological Seminary (1807–1965) was a Congregationalist seminary founded in 1807 and originally located in Andover, Massachusetts on the campus of Phillips Academy.

From 1908 to 1931, it was located at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It then collocated with Newton Theological Institution (NTI) in Newton, Massachusetts. Then, in 1965, Andover Theological Seminary and NTI formally merged in 1965 to form Andover Newton Theological School in Andover, Massachusetts. In its original and merged forms, it is the first and thus the oldest Protestant theological seminary in the United States. The seminary continues as Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School, which was launched in 2017.

Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School
Andover Newton Seminary at Yale Divinity School is an American seminary program  founded in 2017 within Yale Divinity School and located in New Haven, Connecticut. It is the successor institution of Andover Newton Theological School (ANTS), the oldest graduate seminary in the United States and the nation's first graduate institution of any kind.

In November 2015, ANTS, affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and the United Church of Christ, announced that it would sell its campus in Newton, Massachusetts and relocate, after a presence of 190 years on that site. In July 2017, ANTS and Yale Divinity School completed a formal affiliation to create Andover Newton Seminary within the Divinity School.