hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chan–Paton factor
In theoretical physics, the Chan–Paton factor (named after Hong-Mo Chan and Jack E. Paton) is a multivalued index associated with the endpoints of an open string. An open string can be interpreted as a flux tube connecting a quark and its antiparticle. The two Chan–Paton factors make the string transform as a tensor under a gauge group whose charges are carried by the endpoints of the strings.

The procedure of enabling isospin factors to be added to the Veneziano model is known as Chan–Paton rules or Chan–Paton method.

After the second superstring revolution in 1995, Chan–Paton factors are interpreted as labels that identify which (spacetime-filling) D-branes the stringy endpoints are attached to. The Chan–Paton factors have become a special case of a more general concept.

D-brane
In string theory, D-branes, short for Dirichlet membrane, are a class of extended objects upon which open strings can end with Dirichlet boundary conditions, after which they are named. 
D-branes are typically classified by their spatial dimension, which is indicated by a number written after the D. A D0-brane is a single point, a D1-brane is a line (sometimes called a "D-string"), a D2-brane is a plane, and a D25-brane fills the highest-dimensional space considered in bosonic string theory. There are also instantonic D(−1)-branes, which are localized in both space and time.
Universal Life
Universal Life (German: Universelles Leben, unofficially abbreviated UL) is the name of a controversial new religious movement based in Marktheidenfeld, Germany, which is described by members as a part of the new revelation movement. The group was originally called Heimholungswerk Jesu Christi, but has been known as Universal Life since 1984.

Neo-revelationism
Neo-revelationism is a term for the beliefs of religious groups, especially Christian or Christianity-derived who claim direct revelation beyond claims of divine inspiration associated with the Christian Bible proper, but the term is also applicable relative to the Baháʼí Faith, and Ahmadiyya movement relative to mainstream Islam, and to Messiah claimants in a context of Judaism.
The English term is a translation of the German Neuoffenbarung.
Bykle
Bykle is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bykle. Other villages in Bykle municipality include Berdalen, Bjåen, Breive, Hoslemo, Hovden, and Nordbygdi. Bykle was established as a municipality on 1 January 1902 when it was separated from the municipality of Valle.

The 1,467-square-kilometre (566 sq mi) municipality is the 60th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bykle is the 333rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 995. The municipality's population density is 0.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.1/sq mi) and its population has increased by 7.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Hoslemo
Hoslemo is a village in Bykle municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Setesdalen valley, along the river Otra and the Norwegian National Road 9. It is about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the village of Bykle and about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south of the village of Hovden. The small village of Berdalen lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of Hoslemo. The lake Vatndalsvatnet lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the north of the village. The mountains Kvervetjønnuten and Snjoheinuten lie to the west of the village.

The small village grew up around two farms that have been in use since before the year 1350 (1350), possibly back to the Viking Age. The village gained many new homesteads during the 20th century and by 1988, there were at least 18 farms and residences in the small village.
Fossatum Africae
Fossatum Africae ("African ditch") is one or more linear defensive structures (sometimes called limes) claimed to extend over 750 km (470 mi) or more in northern Africa constructed during the Roman Empire to defend and control the southern borders of the Empire in Africa. It is considered to be part of the greater frontier system in Roman Africa.

It is considered to have many similarities of construction to Hadrian's Wall, one of the northern borders of the Empire in Britain.

Borders of the Roman Empire
The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond.
Frøya Municipality
Frøya is the westernmost municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Fosen region and consists of the island of Frøya, which lies north of the island of Hitra, as well several thousand other small islands surrounding the island of Frøya. The village of Sistranda is the administrative center of Frøya Municipality. Other villages include Hammarvika, Titran, Sula, and Mausund. The main island of Frøya is connected to the neighboring island of Hitra (and ultimately the mainland of Norway) by the Frøya Tunnel, which goes under the Frøyfjorden.

The 241-square-kilometre (93 sq mi) municipality is the 292nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Frøya Municipality is the 176th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,453. The municipality's population density is 22.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (59/sq mi), and its population has increased by 19.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Hammarvika
Hammarvika is a village in Frøya Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the municipal center of Sistranda on the southeastern side of the island of Frøya.  The 0.79-square-kilometre (200-acre) village has a population (2024) of 549 and a population density of 695 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,800/sq mi).

The Frøya Tunnel to the neighboring island of Hitra begins at Hammarvika and goes underneath the Frøyfjorden to the south.
Battle of Buffington Island
The Battle of Buffington Island, also known as the St. Georges Creek Skirmish, was an American Civil War engagement in Meigs County, Ohio, and Jackson County, West Virginia, on July 19, 1863, during Morgan's Raid. The largest battle in Ohio during the war, Buffington Island contributed to the capture of the Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan, who was fleeing U.S. Army soldiers across the Ohio River at a ford opposite Buffington Island.

Delayed overnight, Morgan was almost surrounded by U.S. cavalry the next day, and the resulting battle ended in a Confederate rout, with over half of the 1,930-man Confederate force being captured. Morgan and some 700 men escaped, but the raid finally ended on July 26 with Morgan's surrender after the Battle of Salineville. Morgan's Raid was of little military consequence, merely terrorizing the populations of southern and eastern Ohio and neighboring Indiana.

Edward H. Hobson
Edward Henry Hobson (July 11, 1825 – September 14, 1901) worked in many roles, such as, a merchant, banker, politician, tax collector, railroad executive, and an officer in the United States Army in the Mexican–American War and American Civil War. He is most known for his determined pursuit of the Confederates during Morgan's Raid.
August 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 12 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 14

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 26 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 13, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on July 31.

August 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 13 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 15

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 27 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 14, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 1.
Anthony Gergiannakis
Metropolitan Anthony of San Francisco was the first Metropolitan Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of San Francisco, a metropolis of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, under the spiritual authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. His first bishopric was that of the Eighth Archdiocesan District of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese with headquarters in Denver, Colorado. He was subsequently enthroned as Bishop Anthony of San Francisco as the first bishop of the newly formed Greek Orthodox Diocese of San Francisco. He became titular Metropolitan of the Dardanelles, but retained leadership of the diocese. When diocese was elevated to the status of Metropolis of San Francisco, Metropolitan Anthony was named the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan of San Francisco.

Greek Orthodox Metropolis of San Francisco
The Greek Orthodox Metropolis of San Francisco is an ecclesiastical territory or metropolis of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Pacific region of the United States, encompassing the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. It is part of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and is led by a metropolitan bishop who serves as the priest of the mother church, Annunciation Cathedral in the City of San Francisco. Right Reverend Metropolitan Gerasimos was enthroned as the Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Bishop of San Francisco on April 2, 2005, following his election to that post by the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Phanar, Constantinople, Turkey.
Shane Kingston
Shane Kingston (born 25 August 1997) is an Irish hurler who plays as a left wing-forward, full-forward and left corner-forward for club side Douglas and at inter-county level with the Cork senior hurling team.

2019 Fitzgibbon Cup
The 2019 Fitzgibbon Cup was the 103rd staging of the Fitzgibbon Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912. It was sponsored by Electric Ireland, and known as the Electric Ireland HE GAA Fitzgibbon Cup for sponsorship purposes. The draw for the group stage fixtures took place on 5 December 2018. It started with the group stage on 20 January 2019 and is scheduled to end on 23 February 2019.

The University of Limerick were the defending champions, however, they failed to make it out of the "group of death".

On 23 February 2019, University College Cork won the Fitzgibbon Cup after a 2–21 to 0–13 defeat of Mary Immaculate College in the final. This was their 39th cup title overall and their first title since 2013.

Evan Niland of NUI Galway was the Fitzgibbon Cup top scorer with 0-54.
Lü Long
Lü Long (Chinese: 呂隆; died 416), courtesy name Yongji (永基), was the last ruler of the Di-led Chinese Later Liang dynasty. He was the nephew of the founding emperor Lü Guang (Emperor Yiwu), and he took the throne after his brother Lü Chao (呂超) assassinated the emperor Lü Zuan (Emperor Ling) in 401 and offered the throne to him. During his reign, Later Liang was under constant attacks by Northern Liang and Southern Liang and reduced largely to its capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu). In 403, Lü Long decided to end the state by surrendering Guzang to Later Qin's emperor Yao Xing. He became a Later Qin official, but after aligning himself with Yao Xing's son Yao Bi (姚弼), who made unsuccessful attempts to seize the crown prince position from Yao Hong, was executed by Yao Hong after Yao Xing's death in 416.

Empress Yang (Lü Long's wife)
Empress Yang (楊皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Later Liang.  Her husband was the last emperor, Lü Long.

Very little is known about Empress Yang.  She was created empress when Lü Long became emperor in 401, after his brother Lü Chao (呂超) assassinated the emperor Lü Zuan (Emperor Ling).  It is not known whether she survived the state's destruction in 403 or her husband's death in 416.
Ware Shoals Railroad
The Ware Shoals Railroad (reporting mark WS) was a shortline connecting the town of Ware Shoals, South Carolina, to the Southern Railway and Piedmont and Northern Railway (later Seaboard Coast Line) at Shoals Junction, South Carolina, a distance of 5.2 miles (8.4 km).

Piedmont and Northern Railway
The Piedmont & Northern Railway (reporting mark PN) was a heavy electric interurban company operating over two disconnected divisions in North and South Carolina. Tracks spanned 128 miles (206 km) total between the two segments, with the northern division running 24 miles (39 km) from Charlotte, to Gastonia, North Carolina, including a three-mile (5 km) spur to Belmont. The southern division main line ran 89 miles (143 km) from Greenwood to Spartanburg, South Carolina, with a 12 mi (19 km) spur to Anderson. Initially the railroad was electrified at 1500 volts DC, however, much of the electrification was abandoned when dieselisation was completed in 1954.

Unlike similar interurban systems the Piedmont & Northern survived the Great Depression and was later absorbed into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1969. Although part of the railroad was abandoned between Greenwood and Honea Path and Belton to Anderson, much of the original system exists today as shortlines.
Drosera binata
Drosera binata, commonly known as the forked sundew or fork-leaved sundew. It is a large, perennial sundew native to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand. The specific epithet is Latin for "having pairs", a reference to the leaves, which are dichotomously (sometimes twice-dichotomously) divided or forked. These leaves are up to 60 cm (24 in) long.

Like all sundews, it is a carnivorous plant. It is unique among sundews in having narrow, branching leaves. It is the only species in the Drosera section Phycopsis.

Drosera
Drosera, which is  commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, with at least 194 species. These members of the family Droseraceae lure, capture, and digest insects using stalked mucilaginous glands covering their leaf surfaces. The insects are used to supplement the poor mineral nutrition of the soil in which the plants grow. Various species, which vary greatly in size and form, are native to every continent except Antarctica.

Charles Darwin performed much of the early research into Drosera, engaging in a long series of experiments with Drosera rotundifolia, which were the first to confirm carnivory in plants.  In an 1860 letter, Darwin wrote, "...at the present moment, I care more about Drosera than the origin of all the species in the world".
Bharya Athra Pora
Bharya Athra Pora (transl. Wife is not that good) is a 2013 Malayalam family film directed by Akku Akbar, starring Jayaram and Gopika in the lead roles. The cast and crew of 2008 film  Veruthe Oru Bharya came together to make the film, although it is not a sequel to the first. The film was a commercial success. It marked Gopika's comeback and remains her last film to date too.

Veruthe Oru Bharya
Veruthe Oru Bharya (transl. A Wife for Nothing) is a 2008 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written by K. Gireesh Kumar and directed by Akku Akbar. The film stars Jayaram, Gopika and Nivetha Thomas in the lead roles. It was a commercial success at the box office. The film is about the woes of Bindu, a wife and mother (Gopika) struggling with domestic chores on one hand and a controlling husband (Jayaram) on the other. The film was widely accepted by the family audience in the State, and most viewers sympathised with the predicament of women in households. The film's success resurfaced actor Jayaram's leading status in Malayalam cinema, as he had been going through several box office failures prior to it.
2016 World RX of Belgium
The 2016 World RX of Belgium was the third round of the third season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit Jules Tacheny Mettet in Mettet, Wallonia and also played host to the second round of the 2016 FIA European Rallycross Championship.

2016 Euro RX of Belgium
The 2016 Euro RX of Belgium was the second round of the forty-first season of the FIA European Rallycross Championship. The event was held at the Circuit Jules Tacheny Mettet in Mettet, Wallonia as an undercard to the 2016 World RX of Belgium and hosted the Supercar and TouringCar classes.
Lawrence M. Ward
Lawrence M. Ward is an American neuroscientist and psychophysicist at the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia. He studied at Harvard University (AB) and Duke University, where he received his PhD in Experimental Psychology with a minor in mathematics. His current interests are cognitive neuroscience of attention and consciousness with special emphasis on EEG and MEG studies of neuronal synchronization; information transfer between brain regions underlying cognition; psychophysics, biophysics and general theory of stochastic resonance; computational studies of neuronal oscillations and synchronization; neural plasticity; nonlinear dynamical systems theory and its applications in cognitive neuroscience. He co-authored the textbook "Sensation and Perception" with Stanley Coren, and James T. Enns, which went into six editions spanning the period 1978 to 2004.

Stanley Coren
Stanley Coren (born 1942) is a psychology professor, neuropsychological researcher and writer on the intelligence, mental abilities and history of dogs. He works in research and instructs in psychology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. He writes for Psychology Today in the feature series Canine Corner.
John F. Kennedy Catholic School (Ohio)
John F. Kennedy Catholic High School is a private, Catholic school in Warren, Ohio. It is affiliated with the Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown. Athletic teams are known as the Eagles and compete as a member of the Ohio High School Athletic Association.

Warren, Ohio
Warren is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The population was 39,201 at the 2020 census. Located along the Mahoning River, Warren lies approximately 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Youngstown and 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Cleveland. It was the historical county seat of the Connecticut Western Reserve and is a principal city of the Mahoning Valley metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio.
Alexander Ramsay of Mar
Alexander Arthur Alfonso David Maule Ramsay of Mar, DL (21 December 1919 – 20 December 2000) was the only child of Princess Patricia of Connaught, who renounced her royal title and style when she married then-Captain the Hon. Alexander Ramsay in February 1919. His mother was the youngest child of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, the third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. His father was the third son of John Ramsay, 13th Earl of Dalhousie. Through the marriage of his maternal aunt, Princess Margaret of Connaught, to the Swedish prince who later became King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden, his first cousins included Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, whose son later became King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden; and Princess Ingrid of Sweden, who later became Queen of Denmark after marrying the Danish prince who later became King Frederik IX of Denmark.

Alexander Ramsay (Royal Navy officer)
Sir Alexander Robert Maule Ramsay (29 May 1881 – 8 October 1972) was a British Royal Navy admiral. He was the husband of Princess Patricia of Connaught, the youngest child of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, third son of Queen Victoria. He served with distinction during the First World War. During the 1920s and 1930s, he held several important naval aviation commands.
Achille Majeroni
Achille Majeroni (24 August 1881 – 12 October 1964) was an Italian film actor.

Born in Syracuse, Sicily, son of Achille Majeroni and his second wife Graziosa Bignetti, he made his stage debut at age twelve with the Marazzi-Diligenti company. He later formed his own company, specializing in Shakespearean works. He appeared in 73 films between 1913 and 1964, notably Fellini's I Vitelloni, in which he played an old comedian.

He died in Rome.

Achille Majeroni (theatre)
Achille Majeroni (1824 – 20 January 1888) was an Italian stage actor and manager of a theatrical company. He was the eldest brother of Eduardo Majeroni, who was well known in Australia. His son Achille Majeroni (1881–1964), was an actor with a film career.
Wairere Power Station
The Wairere Power Station is a hydroelectric power facility in the Waikato region in New Zealand which makes use of water from the Mokau River. Water is drawn from behind a dam above the Wairere Falls, which diverts the water through two penstocks to the Wairere Power Station, before being discharged back into the Mokau River. The station was commissioned in 1925 with the first generating unit. Three more generating units were added between 1938 and 1981 before a major refurbishment resulted in three of the units being replaced by a single generating unit in 2013-2014.

Mōkau River
The Mōkau River is located in the North Island of New Zealand.

The river rises as a spring in the Pureora Forest, south of Te Kūiti, on the slopes of the Rangitoto Range. After briefly following a north-westward course, it turns south-westwards and flows for 158 kilometres (98 mi) through the Waitomo District of the King Country. It enters the North Taranaki Bight at its mouth at the town of Mōkau.

Although the rivermouth is enclosed by a large sandbar, with a high tide, larger vessels can pass safely and enter the river, which is navigable for 37 kilometres (23 mi) upstream. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the banks of the river were host to a thriving industry of logging and coal-mining. However, the risks and costs of transporting goods down the Mōkau eventually ended such enterprise.

Today the river is a popular whitebaiting and kayaking location.
SolTrans
SolTrans, officially Solano County Transit, is a joint powers authority that provides public transportation service to the southern Solano County cities of Vallejo and Benicia, California, United States. SolTrans was established in 2011 and is the result of a merger between Vallejo Transit and Benicia Breeze. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 2,031,200, or about 3,800 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.

Vallejo Transit Center
Vallejo Station is the project name of an intermodal transit station in the western part of Central Vallejo, California. The station comprises the Vallejo Transit Center bus station, Vallejo Ferry Terminal, and a connecting multi-story parking garage.

A California Historical Landmark marker at the transit center denotes the site of the former California State Capitol in Vallejo.

The development of the Vallejo Station complex is part of a larger plan to redevelop the entire Vallejo Waterfront consisting of a total of 92 acres (37 ha).  As of 2023, the plan has not been completed.