hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mustafa Nur-Ul Islam
Mustafa Nur-Ul Islam (1 May 1927 – 9 May 2018) was a Bangladeshi academic. In 2011, he was appointed a National Professor of Bangladesh. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1981 and Independence Day Award in 2010 by the Government of Bangladesh.
He was the founder director of Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, the Director General of Bangla Academy and the Chairman of Bangladesh National Museum. In 2011, he was appointed a National Professor. He edited a literary magazine named Sundaram.

National Professor
National Professor (Bengali: জাতীয় অধ্যাপক, romanized: Jatiẏô ôdhyapôk) is a prestigious teaching award given by the government of Bangladesh for outstanding contribution in the field of education. It is awarded by the President of Bangladesh according to Bangladesh National Professor Resolution (appointment, conditions and facilities) 1981. The awarded persons receive various facilities from the government.

They will receive a fixed amount of salary through the University Grants Commission.

They will be able to do any educational/research work in with any research organisation/institute in their choice.

They will receive all the facilities from the respected organisations/institutes.

They will be able to join any foreign university as visiting professor.

They will not be able to take any salary from any other organisations/institutes except the government.

They will not be treated as government officers.
Agnese di Montefeltro
Agnese di Montefeltro (Gubbio, 1470 – Rome, 1523) was the daughter of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino and of his second wife, Battista Sforza. She was married to Fabrizio Colonna (1460–1520), duke of Paliano with whom she had six children, among which was the poet Vittoria Colonna. She died, a widow, in 1522 on her way home to Rome, coming back from a pilgrimage at Loreto Sanctuary.

Vittoria Colonna
Vittoria Colonna (April 1492 – 25 February 1547), Marchioness of Pescara, was an Italian noblewoman and poet. As an educated and married noblewoman whose husband was in captivity, Colonna was able to develop relationships within the intellectual circles of Ischia and Naples. Her early poetry began to attract attention in the late 1510s and she ultimately became one of the most popular poets of 16th-century Italy.  Upon the early death of her husband, she took refuge at a convent in Rome. She remained a laywoman but experienced a strong spiritual renewal and remained devoutly religious for the rest of her life.
Attorney General of Ireland
The attorney general of Ireland (Irish: An tArd-Aighne) is a constitutional officer who is the legal adviser to the Government and is therefore the chief law officer of the State. The attorney general is not a member of the Government but does participate in cabinet meetings when invited and attends government meetings. The current attorney general is Rossa Fanning, SC.

Constitution of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland (Irish: Bunreacht na hÉireann, pronounced [ˈbˠʊnˠɾˠəxt̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ]) is the fundamental law of Ireland. It asserts the national sovereignty of the Irish people. It guarantees certain fundamental rights, along with a popularly elected non-executive president, a bicameral parliament, a separation of powers and judicial review.

It is the second constitution of the Irish state since independence, replacing the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State. It came into force on 29 December 1937 following a statewide plebiscite held on 1 July 1937. The Constitution may be amended solely by a national referendum. It is the longest continually operating republican constitution within the European Union.
Platygastroidea
The Hymenopteran superfamily of parasitoid wasps, Platygastroidea, has often been treated as a lineage within the superfamily Proctotrupoidea, but most classifications since 1977 have recognized it as an independent group within the Proctotrupomorpha. It is presently has some 4000 described species. They are exclusively parasitic in nature.

The family Scelionidae was briefly considered to be a subfamily of the Platygastridae, though subsequent analyses have reversed this decision. Chen et al (2021) recognizes eight families, including five new extant families (Geoscelionidae, Janzenellidae, Neuroscelionidae, Nixoniidae, and Sparasionidae) and one extinct family †Proterosceliopsidae, known from fossils found in Cretaceous amber. Members of the group are known from the Early Cretaceous to present. The ancestral hosts of the group are orthopterans, with various lineages switching hosts to other insects.

Neuroscelionidae
Neuroscelionidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Platygastroidea. It contains only one extant genus, Neuroscelio, with two other genera known from fossils. Members of Neuroscelio are known from Southeast Asia and Australia. Their hosts are unknown.
Mapp & Lucia (1985 TV series)
Mapp & Lucia is a British television series, set in the fictional Sussex coastal town of Tilling and based on three 1930s novels by E. F. Benson, beginning with Mapp and Lucia. It was produced by London Weekend Television, filmed in Rye (on which Benson based Tilling) and neighbouring Winchelsea in the 1980s, and starred Prunella Scales as Mapp, Geraldine McEwan as Lucia, Nigel Hawthorne as Georgie, and Denis Lill as Major Benjy. The script was by Gerald Savory. There were ten episodes, (which aired in two series of five) broadcast on Channel 4 in 1985 and 1986. The opening title painting was painted by the artist Reg Cartwright. These have been repeated over the years, and a new BBC adaptation, Mapp & Lucia, aired in 2014.

Series one is a five-episode adaptation of Mapp and Lucia (1931). Season two adapts both the fifth book (Lucia's Progress, 1935) in the first three episodes, and the sixth book (Trouble for Lucia, 1939) in the final two episodes.

Mapp and Lucia
Mapp and Lucia is a 1931 comic novel written by E. F. Benson. It is the fourth of six novels in the popular Mapp and Lucia series, about idle women in the 1920s and their struggle for social dominance over their small communities. It brings together two sets of characters from three previous Benson novels: Emmeline "Lucia" Lucas, Georgie Pillson and Daisy Quantock from Queen Lucia (1920) and Lucia in London (1927), and Miss Elizabeth Mapp and her neighbours from Miss Mapp (1922).

In this novel, Lucia and Georgie leave Riseholme to take up summer residence in Tilling, renting Miss Mapp's home of Mallards. Mapp and Lucia soon begin a war for the dominance of social life in Tilling.
Hagen Kleinert
Hagen Kleinert (15 June 1941 – 7 March 2025) was a professor of theoretical physics at the Free University of Berlin, Germany (since 1968),
Honorary Doctor at the
West University of Timișoara, and
at the
Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
in Bishkek. He is also
Honorary Member of the
Russian Academy of Creative Endeavors. For his contributions to particle and solid-state physics he was awarded the Max Born Prize 2008 with Medal.
His contribution to the memorial volume celebrating the 100th birthday of Lev Davidovich Landau earned him the Majorana Prize 2008 with Medal. He is married to Dr. Annemarie Kleinert since 1974 with whom he has a son Michael Kleinert.

Phase transition
In physics, chemistry and biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform physical properties. During a phase transition of a given medium, certain properties of the medium change as a result of the change of external conditions, such as temperature or pressure. This can be a discontinuous change; for example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to its boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The identification of the external conditions at which a transformation occurs defines the phase transition point.
Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.

Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (C218)
The C218 Mercedes-Benz CLS is the second generation of the Mercedes CLS-Class range of four-door coupé sedans. The model shares the chassis and most of the technology with the W212 E-Class and was produced from 2011 to 2017.

Unlike its predecessor, the C218/X218 CLS can be optioned with all-wheel drive 4MATIC on all models including CLS 63 AMG variants. Mercedes also introduced a new five-door estate version to the CLS lineup, called the CLS Shooting Brake.

The C218 CLS-Class was succeeded by the Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (C257) in 2018.
Driva
The Driva river runs through Trøndelag and Møre og Romsdal counties in Norway. The headwaters lie in the Dovrefjell mountains in the south, from where it flows northward, downward through the Drivdalen valley in Oppdal Municipality. When the river gets to the village of Oppdal, it turns westward and heads down the Sunndalen valley to the Sunndalsfjorden at the village of Sunndalsøra in Sunndal Municipality. Some of the other villages along the river include Grøa, Hoelsand, Lønset, and Vognillan. The Norwegian National Road 70 follows the river for most of its course.

Many of the tributaries on the west side of the Oppdal valley are dry since the waters in reservoirs formed from the many mountain lakes in that region flow in pipes through the mountain to the Driva hydroelectric power station at Fale in Sunndal Municipality. The largest lake in the reservoir system is Gjevillvatnet which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) long and about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide.

Hoelsand
Hoelsand or Holssanden is a village in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located along the river Driva, just west of the Vinnufossen waterfall. The village lies along the Norwegian National Road 70, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of the village of Sunndalsøra and about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the village of Grøa.

The 0.2-square-kilometre (49-acre) village has a population (2024) of 324 and a population density of 1,620 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,200/sq mi).
Filippos Kanellopoulos
Filippos Kanellopoulos (Greek: Φίλιππος Κανελλόπουλος) was a Greek Navy officer who reached the rank of vice admiral.

He was born in 1868, the nephew of the notable naval officer and educator Ilias Kanellopoulos. He joined the Royal Hellenic Navy as an ensign in 1888, fought in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, reached the rank of vice admiral, and died on 12 September 1927.

His younger brother, Konstantinos, also became a naval officer and reached the rank of rear admiral.

Ilias Kanellopoulos
Ilias Kanellopoulos (Greek: Ηλίας Κανελλόπουλος, c. 1844 – 27 March 1894) was a Greek Navy officer, notable as director of the Hellenic Navy Academy in 1884–1890, during which he established it on a permanent basis and modernized its curriculum.
Chadderton Park
Chadderton Park is a suburban area of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.

It is located a little under one mile to the west of Chadderton's commercial centre on Middleton Road and is contiguous with the Mills Hill and Firwood Park areas of the town.

Semi-rural Chadderton Fold lies to the north.

Firwood Park
Firwood Park is a suburban area  of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.
It is located a little over one mile to the west of Chadderton's commercial centre on Middleton Road and is contiguous with the Mills Hill, Chadderton Park and Middleton Junction areas of the town.

A development of 749 houses, Firwood Park was built in 1990 on a vast tract of land, which at one time was claimed to be the largest private residential development in Europe.
Puerto Rico Highway 500
Puerto Rico Highway 500 (PR-500) is a tertiary road in Ponce, Puerto Rico.  The highway has both of its endpoints, as well as all of its length, entirely within the Ponce city limits. It runs east to west.

Puerto Rico Highway 132
Puerto Rico Highway 132 (PR-132) is a secondary highway that connects the town of Guayanilla to the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico. The road runs through the town of Peñuelas before reaching Ponce. In Ponce, PR-132 starts where Calle Villa ends.
Piode
Piode (Piedmontese: Piòvi) is a comune (municipality) and village of Valsesia in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Turin and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

The name "Piode" refers to the many local quarries for the extraction of the stone slabs known as piodi, which are traditionally used to clad the roofs of Alpine houses and baite.

Piode borders the following municipalities: Campertogno, Pettinengo, Pila, Rassa, and Scopello.

Pettinengo
Pettinengo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 3 kilometres (2 mi) southeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,567 and an area of 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 mi2).

Pettinengo borders the following municipalities: Andorno Micca, Biella, Bioglio, Callabiana, Camandona, Piedicavallo, Pila, Piode, Rassa, Ronco Biellese, Scopello,  Tavigliano, Ternengo, Valle Mosso, Valle San Nicolao, Veglio, Zumaglia.
Weißig–Böhla railway
The Weißig–Böhla railway is a two-track, electrified main line in the German state of Saxony. It passes through an area near Großenhain called the Großenhainer Pflege and connects the Leipzig–Dresden and Berlin–Dresden railways, running between Leckwitz junction near Weißig and Kottewitz junction near Böhla. Its official opening took place after two years of construction on 3 December 2010 and the operations of regular trains started at the timetable change on 12 December 2010.

The project was built part of the second stage of German Unity Transport Project (Verkehrsprojekts Deutsche Einheit) No. 9, which also includes the upgrade of the line between Riesa and Röderau junction and between Dresden-Neustadt and Coswig. As part of the project, long-distance services between Leipzig and Dresden will be able to run at up to speed of up to 200 km/h over large parts of the line. When the project is finished a travel time of 45 minutes will be possible between the two cities.

Berlin–Dresden railway
The Berlin–Dresden railway is a double track, electrified main line railway in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It runs from Berlin through the southern Teltow countryside and then between Lower Lusatia and Fläming Heath through Elsterwerda and the Großenhainer Pflege countryside to Dresden.

Upgrades completed in December 2017 enabled maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The traditional route through the southern suburbs of Berlin was reopened for long-distance trains in December 2025. Work is under way to allow speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) on parts of the line.
Fuller's earth
Fuller's earth refers to various types of clay used as an absorbent, filter, or bleaching agent.  Products labeled Fuller's Earth typically consist of palygorskite (also known as attapulgite) or bentonite. Primary modern uses include as absorbents for oil, grease, and animal waste (cat litter), and as a carrier for pesticides and fertilizers. Minor uses include filtering, clarifying, and decolorizing; as an active and inactive ingredient in beauty products; and as a filler in paint, plaster, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. It also has a number of uses in the film and theatre industries.

Fulling
Fulling, also known as tucking or walking (Scots: waukin, hence often spelt waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate (lanolin) oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure. The work delivers a smooth, tightly finished fabric that is insulating and water-repellent. Well-known examples are duffel cloth, first produced in Flanders in the 14th century, and loden, produced in Austria from the 16th century on.

Waulking could be done with the hands and feet. In medieval Europe, it was done in water-powered fulling mills. After the Industrial Revolution, coal and electric power were used.

Felting refers more generally to the interlocking of loose wool fibers; they need not be spun and woven first.
Nineveh, New York
Nineveh is a hamlet with approximately fifty  homes on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Broome County, New York, United States. It is part of the Town of Colesville, within the Binghamton metropolitan area in eastern Broome County.  Nineveh is located on the USGS Afton quadrangle at an elevation of about 960 feet.   Nineveh takes its name from ancient Nineveh, the most important city on the Tigris River in the ancient kingdom of Assyria (now Iraq).

Nineveh is located along the tracks of the Delaware and Hudson Railway and has a distinct trestle located there.

New York State Route 7 is the main road through the hamlet, with several small businesses serving the residents' basic needs located along it.

In June 2006, widespread flooding along the river basin inundated many homes along the banks of the river.

Broome County, New York
Broome County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the county had a population of 198,683. Its county seat is Binghamton. The county was named for John Broome, the state's lieutenant governor when Broome County was created. The county is part of the Southern Tier region of the state.

The county is part of the Binghamton, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Binghamton University, one of four university centers in the State University of New York (SUNY) system.
Pawnee (Parks and Recreation)
Pawnee (/pɔː.ˈniː/, paw-NEE) is a fictional town located in the state of Indiana in which the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation is set. Since the show's start in 2009, the city's “colorful” history and inhabitants have been the joke or focal point for many episodes.

Parks and Recreation season 6
The sixth season of Parks and Recreation originally aired in the United States on the NBC television network, from September 26, 2013, with an hour long premiere, and concluded on April 24, 2014, with an hour-long finale. It premiered in its new Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot. This season consisted of 22 episodes. It stars Amy Poehler, Rashida Jones, Aziz Ansari, Nick Offerman, Aubrey Plaza, Chris Pratt, Adam Scott, Rob Lowe, Jim O'Heir, and Retta. The show moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm beginning with its 100th episode.

Much like the other seasons, season 6 follows Leslie Knope (Poehler) and her co-workers in local government of fictional Indiana town, Pawnee. The season chronicles Leslie facing the recall vote from City Council, Ann Perkins's (Jones) and Chris Traeger's (Lowe) move to Michigan to start their family, Andy Dwyer's (Pratt) career in London, and the city merger of Eagleton and Pawnee, resulting in the Unity Concert organized by Leslie.
Bolo do caco
Bolo do caco is a circular Madeiran flatbread, shaped like a cake and thus called bolo (Portuguese for 'cake'). It is traditionally cooked on a caco, a flat basalt stone slab. The bread is usually served with garlic butter, or eaten as a sandwich with octopus, espetada, milho frito or as a prego (steak) sandwich.

Flatbread
A flatbread is bread made usually with flour; water, milk, yogurt, or other liquid; and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened, although some are leavened, such as pita.

Flatbreads range from below one millimeter to a few centimeters thick so that they can be easily eaten without being sliced. They can be baked in an oven, fried in hot oil, grilled over hot coals, cooked on a hot pan, tava, comal, or metal griddle, and eaten fresh or packaged and frozen for later use.
New Zealand ten-dollar note
The New Zealand ten-dollar note is a New Zealand banknote. It is issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and since 1999 has been a polymer banknote. It was first issued on 10 July 1967 when New Zealand decimalised its currency, changing from the New Zealand pound to the New Zealand dollar. The ten-dollar note originally had an image of Queen Elizabeth II on the front; since 1991 it has had an image of suffragist Kate Sheppard.

Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar
New Zealand dollar banknotes are the banknotes in circulation in New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Tokelau, Niue and the Pitcairn Islands, denominated in the New Zealand dollar (symbol: $; ISO 4217 currency code NZD, also abbreviated NZ$). They are issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand and since 1999 have been made of polymer.
Lateral supracondylar ridge
The lateral supracondylar ridge is a prominent, rough margin on the lower part of the lateral border of the humerus. It presents an anterior lip for the origin of forearm extensors, including the brachioradialis muscle above, and the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle below. It also presents a posterior lip for the triceps brachii, and an intermediate ridge for the attachment of the lateral intermuscular septum.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.