hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
H₂e-conjugation theory
The *h₂e-conjugation theory adds a third conjugation to the two generally accepted conjugations of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE), the thematic and athematic conjugations.

The symbol *h₂ refers to a particular example of a class of sounds known as "laryngeals" in the theory of PIE linguistics; it is believed to have been a pharyngeal fricative such as [ħ] or [ʕ]; the uvular fricative [χ] or the voiceless velar fricative [x] have also been suggested.

Proto-Indo-European verbs
Proto-Indo-European verbs reflect a complex system of morphology, more complicated than the substantive, with verbs categorized according to their aspect, using multiple grammatical moods and voices, and being conjugated according to person, number and tense. In addition to finite forms thus formed, non-finite forms such as participles are also extensively used.

The verbal system is clearly represented in Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit, which closely correspond in nearly all aspects of their verbal systems, and are two of the most well-understood of the early daughter languages of Proto-Indo-European.
An Zuozhang
An Zuozhang (Chinese: 安作璋; Wade–Giles: An Tso-chang; 10 January 1927 – 20 February 2019) was a Chinese historian who specialized in ancient Chinese history and the regional history of Shandong. A lifelong professor of Shandong Normal University, he was considered in China as a leading expert in the history of Qin and Han dynasties.

Shandong Normal University
Shandong Normal University (simplified Chinese: 山东师范大学; traditional Chinese: 山東師範大學; pinyin: Shāndōng Shīfàn Dàxué, English acronym SDNU) is a university in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. It is one of the earliest institutions of higher learning established in Shandong Province since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
2014 IRB Nations Cup
The 2014 IRB Nations Cup was the ninth edition of the international rugby union tournament, a competition created by the International Rugby Board. For the eighth time in a row, it was held in Bucharest, Romania. It was played between 13 and 22 June and ran alongside the 2014 IRB Tbilisi Cup in Georgia. Romania were joined by Uruguay, Emerging Ireland and ENC side Russia and defended the title they won in 2012 and 2013. All of the fixtures were played at the 5,000 capacity Stadionul Naţional de Rugby, the home stadium for the hosts Romania.

The Emerging Ireland team won the title for the first time and Robin Copeland was named as the player of the tournament.

Emerging Ireland
Emerging Ireland is an Irish international rugby union team that represents Ireland in selected matches, tours and competitions. Composed of Ireland qualified players only, mostly uncapped or at the beginning of their careers, it forms part of the development pathway to the senior Ireland team. It is not to be confused with the Ireland Wolfhounds, the national 'A' team which occasionally competes and is a level below the national side but with no age restrictions, nor with the Elite U-20 team with strict age limits that competes in the Under-20 Six Nations and Rugby World Cup.

As of 2024, Emerging Ireland had undertaken five tours for a total of 15 matches. Their record over those matches was 14 games won, and a single defeat against a South African Presidents XV in 2013.
12 Corazones: Rumbo al Altar
12 Corazones: Rumbo al Altar (12 Hearts: Heading to the Altar) is a one-hour, weekend spin-off of Telemundo’s weekday daytime game show 12 Corazones. Hosted by Penélope Menchaca, the show features 12 engaged partners (6 couples) competing for weekly prizes to jump-start their lives together and a chance to win the grand prize of a dream wedding.

12 Corazones
12 Corazones (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdose koɾaˈsones], 12 Hearts) is a Spanish-language dating game show produced in the United States for the television network Telemundo from 2005 to 2017, based on its namesake Argentine TV show format. The show was filmed in Los Angeles and revolved around the twelve Zodiac signs that identify each contestant. The show was hosted by Penélope Menchaca and featured advice from co-host Maximiliano Palacio, an Argentine former soccer player turned actor, and Edward'O, an astrologist; Palacio and Edward'O appeared alternately in some episodes and simultaneously in others.

In August 2009, Telemundo added English subtitles as closed captions on CC3, airing on Universo in that format.
Charles Gilchrist Adams
Charles Gilchrist Adams (December 13, 1936 – November 29, 2023) was an American pastor who served as the first Nickerson Professor of the Practice of Ethics and Ministry at Harvard Divinity School from 2007 to 2012.

Harvard Divinity School
Harvard Divinity School (HDS) is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The school's mission is to educate its students either in the academic study of religion or for leadership roles in religion, government, and service. It also caters to students from other Harvard schools that are interested in the former field. HDS is among a small group of university-based, non-denominational divinity schools in the United States.
Foix
Foix (/fwɑː/ fwah; French: [fwa] ⓘ; Occitan: Fois [ˈfujs], also [ˈfujʃ]; Catalan: Foix [ˈfo(j)ʃ]) is a commune, the former capital of the County of Foix. It is the capital of the department of Ariège as it is the seat of the prefecture of that department. Foix is located in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. It is the second least populous French departmental capital, the least populous being Privas. Foix lies south of Toulouse, close to the borders with Spain and Andorra.

It is only the second biggest town in Ariège, the biggest being Pamiers, which is one of the two sub-prefectures, the other being St Girons. Foix is twinned with the English cathedral city of Ripon, with the Spanish towns of Sarroca de Lleida, Lleida and the Andorran capital Andorra la Vella.

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella is the capital and largest city of Andorra. It is located high in the east Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is also the name of the Andorran parish that surrounds the capital.

As of 2023, the city had a population of 24,042, and the urban area, which includes Escaldes–Engordany plus satellite villages, has over 40,000 inhabitants.

The principal industry is tourism, and the country also earns foreign income from being a tax haven. It is at an elevation of 1,023 m (3,356 ft), and is the highest capital city in Europe. The city shares a border with Spain.
PAL
Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B, D, G, H, I and K. The articles on analogue broadcast television systems further describe frame rates, image resolution, and audio modulation.

PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover, West Germany, with important input from Gerhard Mahler. The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage").

Telefunken
Telefunken was a German radio and television producer, founded in Berlin in 1903 as a joint venture between Siemens & Halske and the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) ("General electricity company").
Prior to World War I, the company set up the first world-wide network of communications and was the first in the world to sell electronic televisions with cathode-ray tubes, in Germany in 1934.
Chromatic symmetric function
The chromatic symmetric function is a symmetric function invariant of graphs studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics. It is the weight generating function for proper graph colorings, and was originally introduced by Richard Stanley as a generalization of the chromatic polynomial of a graph.

Chromatic polynomial
The chromatic polynomial is a graph polynomial studied in algebraic graph theory, a branch of mathematics. It counts the number of graph colorings as a function of the number of colors and was originally defined by George David Birkhoff to study the four color problem. It was generalised to the Tutte polynomial by Hassler Whitney and W. T. Tutte, linking it to the Potts model of statistical physics.
War & Leisure
War & Leisure is the fourth studio album by American singer Miguel, released on December 1, 2017, through RCA Records. The album was preceded by the release of the first single: "Sky Walker" featuring Travis Scott. The album features further guest appearances from Rick Ross, Quiñ, Kali Uchis, J. Cole and Salaam Remi, with production led by Miguel himself, alongside a variety of contributors including Happy Perez, Steve Mostyn, David Andrew Sitek, Detail, Raphael Saadiq, Jeff Bhasker, Jerry "Wonda" Duplessis and Salaam Remi, among others.

Sky Walker (song)
"Sky Walker" is a song by American singer Miguel featuring American rapper Travis Scott. It was written by the two artists with Rogét Chahayed and Happy Perez, who produced it with Miguel. The song was released through ByStorm Entertainment and RCA Records on August 25, 2017, as the lead single from Miguel's fourth studio album, War & Leisure. A Spanish version of the song was included on his extended play Te Lo Dije (2019).
Bang Eun-jin
Bang Eun-jin (Korean: 방은진; born August 5, 1965) is a South Korean actress and film director. She is best known for starring in Park Chul-soo's 301, 302 and Kim Ki-duk's Address Unknown. Bang made her feature directorial debut with Princess Aurora in 2005, and has since directed Perfect Number (2012), and Way Back Home (2013).

301, 302
301, 302 or 301/302 is a 1995 South Korean film directed by Park Chul-soo. It tells the story of two South Korean women, neighbors in the same apartment building, who take very different approaches to the difficulties of modern life; one indulges in food, sex, and spending while the other lives in self-imposed austerity. The film was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 68th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

The film was inspired by poet Jang Jung Ill's poem "The Cook and the Anorexic."

Compulsion, a 2013 Canadian psychological thriller directed by Egidio Coccimiglio, is based on this film.
Overkill (G.I. Joe)
Overkill is a fictional character from the G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero toyline from Hasbro, which has spawned comics and animated series. He first appeared in the 1989 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero incarnation of the series. He also appears in G.I. Joe: Sigma 6.

G.I. Joe: Sigma 6
G.I. Joe: Sigma 6 is a line of military-themed action figures and toys produced by Hasbro, re-imagining the characters of the 1980s toyline, G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero.

The Sigma 6 toy line served several purposes for Hasbro. First, it allowed them to depart from the classic 3 ¾-inch format of the A Real American Hero series of the 1980s; most Sigma 6 action figures stand at approximately 8 inches (200 mm) and have more articulation. Second, the new series offered them the chance to streamline the story and characters, stripping away old continuity and rebooting the franchise with younger versions of the cast, rendered in the anime style.

The line proved to be polarizing with G.I. Joe fans and ultimately unsuccessful at retail. Sigma 6 was cancelled after two years leaving many showcased sets and characters unproduced. In 2007 Hasbro went back to the classic 3¾”- 4” scale for the 25th anniversary line and beyond.
Men Without Women (Hemingway)
Men Without Women (1927) is the second collection of short stories written by American author Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961). The volume consists of 14 stories, 10 of which had been previously published in magazines. It was published in October 1927, with a first print-run of approximately 7,600 copies at $2.

The stories in this collection cover a variety of topics, including bullfighting, prizefighting, infidelity, divorce, and death. "The Killers", "Hills Like White Elephants", and "In Another Country" are considered to be among Hemingway's better works.

The book's U.S. copyright expired on January 1, 2023, when all works published in 1927 entered the public domain.

Hills Like White Elephants
"Hills Like White Elephants" is a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It was first published in August 1927 in the literary magazine transition, then later that year in the short story collection Men Without Women. In 2002, the story was  adapted into a 38-minute short film starring Greg Wise, Emma Griffiths Malin and Benedict Cumberbatch.
Bobby (band)
Bobby is a cooperative musical project based on the talents of musicians from Partisan Records and Knitting Factory Records which is notable for achieving an avant garde alternative sound using polyrhythm as well as achieving critical acclaim before releasing their first album entitled Bobby. They signed a contract with Partisan Records in 2010.

Partisan Records
Partisan Records is an American independent record label with offices in New York, London, Berlin and Los Angeles. The company was co-founded in 2007 by Tim Putnam and Ian Wheeler in Brooklyn, New York.
Dilijan City Stadium
Dilijan City Stadium (Armenian: Դիլիջանի Քաղաքային Մարզադաշտ) is an all-seater football stadium in Dilijan, Tavush Province, Armenia. It is the only stadium in the town and used to be the home ground of Impulse FC of the Armenian Premier League. The capacity of the stadium is 2,200 seats.

Tavush Province
Tavush (Armenian: Տավուշ, Armenian pronunciation: [tɑˈvuʃ] ⓘ) is a province of Armenia located at the northeast of Armenia, bordered by Georgia from the north and Azerbaijan from the east. Internally, Tavush borders the Gegharkunik Province from the south, Kotayk Province from the southwest, and the Lori Province from west. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ijevan.
Chora Naga
Chora Naga, also known as Coranaga or Mahanaga, was King of Anuradhapura in the 1st century BC, who ruled from 63 BC to 51 BC. He succeeded his cousin Mahakuli Mahatissa as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Kuda Tissa. King Chora Naga was not a follower of the Mahavihara sect. He had even demolished 18 temples that belong to Mahavihara. As a result, the author of the Mahāvaṃsa referred to him as a thief.

Kuda Tissa
Kuda Tissa was a king of Anuradhapura, the first established kingdom in ancient Sri Lanka. He ruled in the 1st century BC, between 51 BC to 48 BC.  He succeeded his uncle Chora Naga as King of Anuradhapura and was succeeded by Siva I after being poisoned by his own mother.
Melbourne Rebels
The Melbourne Rebels were an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competed in the Super Rugby competition. The Rebels made their debut in SANZAR's Super Rugby tournament in 2011. The club shared its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) team, but was unrelated. The team played its home matches at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, in the city's Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, and played one game of the 2020 Super Rugby season at Eureka Stadium in Ballarat.

The team's participation agreement was revoked by Rugby Australia (RA) at the conclusion of the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. The women's team was also disbanded by Rugby Australia.

SANZAAR
SANZAAR (South African, New Zealand, Australian and Argentina Rugby), previously known as SANZAR (South African, New Zealand, Australian Rugby) is the body which oversees Super Rugby and The Rugby Championship competitions in rugby union. SANZAAR meets annually and is composed of the CEOs from its member unions.

It was formed as SANZAR in 1996 as a joint venture of the South African Rugby Union, the New Zealand Rugby Union, and the Australian Rugby Union. From the 2016 season, its name was changed to SANZAAR following the inclusion of the Argentine Rugby Union as a full member of the organisation.
IRCd
An IRCd, short for Internet Relay Chat daemon, is server software that implements the IRC protocol, enabling people to talk to each other via the Internet (exchanging textual messages in real time). It is distinct from an IRC bot that connects outbound to an IRC channel.

The server listens to connections from IRC clients on a set of TCP ports. When the server is part of an IRC network, it also keeps one or more established connections to other servers/daemons.

The term ircd originally referred to only one single piece of software, but it eventually became a generic reference to any implementation of an IRC daemon. However, the original version is still distributed under the same name, and this article discusses both uses.

IRC services
IRC services is a set of features implemented on many Internet Relay Chat networks. Services are automated bots with special status which are generally used to provide users with access with certain privileges and protection. They usually implement some sort of login system so that only people on the access control list can obtain these services.
Willie Kelly (politician)
William Henry Kelly (1 December 1877 – 27 January 1960) was an Australian  politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1903 to 1919, and served as an honorary minister under Prime Minister Joseph Cook from 1913 to 1914.

Frederick Septimus Kelly
Frederick Septimus Kelly DSC (29 May 1881 – 13 November 1916) was an Australian and British musician and composer and a rower who competed for Britain in the 1908 Summer Olympics. He joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during WWI and, after surviving the Gallipoli campaign, he was killed in action in the Battle of the Somme.
Finn Ferner
Finn Ferner (10 March 1920 – 11 March 2001) was a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist.

He was born in Oslo and died in Nesøya. He received a silver medal in the 6 metre class with the boat Elisabeth X at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, together with Johan Ferner (his brother), Erik Heiberg, Tor Arneberg and Carl Mortensen.

Tor Arneberg
Tor Birger Arneberg (4 September 1928 – 23 September 2015) was a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He was born in Oslo. He received a silver medal in the 6 metre class with the boat Elisabeth X at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, together with Johan Ferner, Erik Heiberg, Finn Ferner and Carl Mortensen.
He was an all-American ski jumper at Dartmouth College. He has been married to wife Jean for more than 50 years, and they have three daughters, Elisabeth, Marianne and Karin. He is a graduate of Harvard Business School. He was on the board of directors of Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines.
Lana Wilson
Lana Wilson is an American filmmaker. She directed the feature documentaries After Tiller, The Departure, Miss Americana, and Look into My Eyes, as well as the two-part documentary Pretty Baby: Brooke Shields. The first two films were nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary.

The Departure (2017 film)
The Departure is a 2017 American documentary by Lana Wilson. It concerns suicide in Japan. The film premiered at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival in New York. It was nominated for a 2018 Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary.
Gray Lady Down
Gray Lady Down is a 1978 American submarine disaster film directed by David Greene and starring Charlton Heston, David Carradine, Stacy Keach, Ned Beatty, Ronny Cox and Rosemary Forsyth, and includes the feature film debut of Michael O'Keefe and Christopher Reeve. It is based on David Lavallee's 1971 novel Event 1000.

Rosemary Forsyth
Rosemary Forsyth (born July 6, 1943) is a Canadian-born American actress. She made her big screen debut in the 1965 Western film Shenandoah, for which she received Golden Globe Award nomination for New Star of the Year – Actress. Forsyth later starred in films The War Lord (1965), Texas Across the River (1966), Where It's At (1969), What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice? (1969), Some Kind of a Nut (1969), How Do I Love Thee? (1970), Black Eye (1974) and Gray Lady Down (1978).

Forsyth mostly acted in a made-for-television movies and series during the 1970s and 1980s. From 1976 to 1980, she played Laura Horton on the NBC soap opera, Days of Our Lives. She went on to originate the role of Sophia Wayne Capwell in another soap opera, Santa Barbara in 1984. She later returned to film, playing supporting roles in Disclosure (1994), Daylight (1996), Valerie Flake (1999) and Ghosts of Mars (2001).
Xiangning Zhang
Xiangning "Forrest" Zhang 张向宁 (born in 1972) is a Chinese information technology entrepreneur, angel investor, and venture capitalist. He is among the first generation of internet entrepreneurs in China. Zhang is the founder, former chairman and CEO of HiChina Corporation (now Alibaba Cloud) as well as the chairman and CEO of Tixa Internet Technology Corporation. Zhang foresaw the potential of the internet and provided domain name registration and web hosting services from the end of 1995, leading HiChina to earn the largest share of the Chinese market in this field. Later he started his second company, Tixa, and continued to innovate while holding positions in organizations like the All-China Youth Federation and the China Council for International Investment Promotion.

Alibaba Cloud
Alibaba Cloud, also known as Aliyun (Chinese: 阿里云; pinyin: Ālǐyún; lit. 'Ali Cloud'), is a cloud computing company, a subsidiary of Alibaba Group. Alibaba Cloud provides cloud computing services to online businesses and Alibaba's own e-commerce ecosystem. Its international operations are registered and headquartered in Singapore.

Alibaba Cloud offers cloud services that are available on a pay-as-you-go basis, and include elastic compute, data storage, relational databases, big-data processing, DDoS protection and content delivery networks (CDN).

It is the largest cloud computing company in China, and in Asia Pacific according to Gartner. Alibaba Cloud operates data centers in 29 regions and 87 availability zones around the globe. As of June 2017, Alibaba Cloud is placed in the Visionaries' quadrant of Gartner's Magic Quadrant for cloud infrastructure as a service, worldwide.
Suzuki-kun's Mindful Life
Suzuki-kun's Mindful Life (寿々木君のていねいな生活, Suzuki-kun no Teinei na Seikatsu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yuki Fujimoto. It began serialization in Hakusensha's Melody magazine in June 2022.

Melody (magazine)
Melody (Japanese: メロディ, Hepburn: Merodi), stylized as MELODY, is a Japanese shōjo/josei manga magazine published on the 28th of even-numbered months by Hakusensha since August 28, 1997 (cover date September 1997).

Melody's primary demographic is older women; the publisher reported in 2021 that its readership was 50.8% OLs, 20.4% housewives, and 11.8% university students. Its last reported circulation was 36,500 in 2021, down from 39,200 in 2016.