hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cara (given name)
Cara is a feminine given name with multiple origins in different languages. It is often considered a spelling variant of the name Kara. As an English name, it is usually considered a modern spelling variant of the Italian endearment cara, meaning beloved, or the Irish word cara, meaning friend. Neither Cara nor Kara had been in common use as a name in Italy or Ireland prior to the 20th century, though Kara had been in use as an independent name in the United States since at least the 1890s. Both forms of the name had occasionally been used as a hypocorism for the name Caroline, as in the case of American journalist Cara Reese (1856-1914), who was born Caroline. Actress Bernice Kamiat, who used the stage name Cara Williams, popularized that version of the name in the 1950s and 1960s.

Caroline (given name)
Caroline is a feminine given name, originally a French feminine form of the masculine name Charles. It has been in common use in the Anglosphere since the 1600s. The name was first used among upper class English families in honor of Charles I of England and his son Charles II of England. Common nicknames and variations include Callie, Cara,  Carol, Carole, Carolina, Carolyn, Carly, Carrie, and Caz.
Sidrat al-Muntaha
The Sidrat al-Muntaha (Arabic: سِدْرَة ٱلْمُنْتَهَىٰ, romanized: Sidrat al-Muntahā, lit. 'Sidr Tree of the Farthest Boundary') in Islamic tradition is a large Cedrus or lote tree (Ziziphus spina-christi) that marks the utmost boundary in the seventh heaven,  where the knowledge of the angels ends. During the Isra' and Mi'raj, when Muhammad entered Heaven alive, Muhammad is said to have travelled with the Archangel Gabriel to the tree where Gabriel stopped. Beyond the tree, God instructed Muhammad about the salah (daily prayers).

The Lote Tree of the Furthest Boundary is also used to refer to the Manifestation of God several times in Bahá’í literature.

Seven heavens
In ancient Near Eastern cosmology, the seven heavens refer to seven firmaments or physical layers located above the open sky. The concept can be found in ancient Mesopotamian religion, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Some traditions complement the seven heavens with an idea of the seven earths or seven underworlds. These heavens or underworlds have been conceived of as realms with deities or celestial bodies (such as the classical planets and fixed stars).

Variants of the seven heavens tradition existed. Ancient Near Eastern cosmology more often described the number of heavens and earths as three, instead of seven. Seven as the number of heavens was the most popular value for Jewish cosmology, but depending on the text, the number ranged from 3 to 365.
Solenoid (mathematics)
This page discusses a class of topological groups. For the wrapped loop of wire, see Solenoid.

In mathematics, a solenoid is a compact connected topological space (i.e. a continuum) that may be obtained as the inverse limit of an inverse system of topological groups and continuous homomorphisms

where each  is a circle and fi is the map that uniformly wraps the circle  for  times () around the circle .: Ch. 2 Def. (10.12) 
This construction can be carried out geometrically in the three-dimensional Euclidean space R3. A solenoid is a one-dimensional homogeneous indecomposable continuum that has the structure of an abelian compact topological group.

Solenoids were first introduced by Vietoris for the  case, and by van Dantzig the  case, where  is fixed. Such a solenoid arises as a one-dimensional expanding attractor, or Smale–Williams attractor, and forms an important example in the theory of hyperbolic dynamical systems.

Indecomposable continuum
In point-set topology, an indecomposable continuum is a continuum that is indecomposable, i.e. that cannot be expressed as the union of any two of its proper subcontinua. In 1910, L. E. J. Brouwer was the first to describe an indecomposable continuum.

Indecomposable continua have been used by topologists as a source of counterexamples. They also occur in dynamical systems.
Cigarette tax stamp
A cigarette tax stamp is any adhesive stamp, metered stamp, heat transfer stamp, or other form or evidence of payment of a cigarette tax. A cigarette tax stamp is a specific example of a revenue stamp.

Tobacco taxation
Tobacco taxation is the excise tax on cigarettes and other tobacco products.

Tobacco taxation is the most effective tobacco control measure. It is used by many governments generate revenue and to reduce tobacco consumption. On average, a 10 % price increase reduces cigarette consumption by 4 % to 5 %.

Its revenue can contribute to the general government budget and/or be used to cover health costs of tobacco smoking. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum 75 % tax share of the retail price of tobacco, as a way of deterring cancer, cardiovascular diseases and other negative health outcomes.
1872 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1872 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 5, 1872, as part of the 1872 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Delaware voted for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, over Liberal Republican candidate Horace Greeley. Grant won Delaware by a narrow margin of 4.24%, making him the first Republican to win the state in a presidential election. It would not be carried by another Republican presidential candidate until William McKinley won it in 1896.

1896 United States presidential election in Delaware
The 1896 United States presidential election in Delaware took place on November 3, 1896. All contemporary 45 states were part of the 1896 United States presidential election. State voters chose three electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

Delaware was won by the Republican nominees, former Ohio Governor William McKinley and his running mate Garret Hobart of New Jersey. They defeated the Democratic nominee, former U.S. Representative from Nebraska William Jennings Bryan and his running mate Arthur Sewall. McKinley won the state by a (official) margin of 10.96%.

As a result of his win in Delaware, McKinley became the first Republican presidential candidate since Ulysses S. Grant in 1872 to win the state.

Bryan would lose Delaware to McKinley again four years later and would later lose the state again in 1908 to William Howard Taft.
Isamide
Isamide, also known as N-chloroacetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a serotonin receptor antagonist and the N-chloroacetyl derivative of 5-methoxytryptamine. It was first described in the scientific literature by 1969 and was first pharmacologically characterized by 1979.

5-Methoxytryptamine
5-Methoxytryptamine (5-MT, 5-MeO-T, or 5-OMe-T), also known as serotonin methyl ether or O-methylserotonin and as mexamine, is a tryptamine derivative closely related to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. It has been shown to occur naturally in the pineal gland of the brain. It is formed via O-methylation of serotonin or N-deacetylation of melatonin.

5-MT is a highly potent and non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and shows serotonergic psychedelic-like effects in animals. However, it is inactive in humans, at least orally, likely due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO). The levels and effects of 5-MT are dramatically potentiated by monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in animals.
Ribbon (company)
Ribbon was a San Francisco payments startup that lets users sell online using a shortened URL that can be shared across email, social media and a seller's own website. The service focuses on bring integrated checkouts directly to platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter letting buyers purchase without leaving those services.

The company graduated from a startup accelerator called AngelPad as "Kout" in October 2011 and subsequently raised $1.6 million from Tim Draper through Draper Associates, Naguib Sawiris, Emil Michael, Gokul Rajaram, and others bringing its total raised amount to $1.75 million.

AngelPad
AngelPad is an American seed-stage startup incubator, launched in September 2010 by Thomas Korte and Carine Magescas with six other former Google employees as mentors. AngelPad provides mentorship, seed money, and networking at two 10-week courses per year.

AngelPad attracted attention in August 2011 after announcing that each of its startups will have the option to accept $100,000 from two venture capital firms at the start of their class.

The incubator has often been compared to Y Combinator.

AngelPad has consistently been ranked among the top startup accelerators in the United States according to 'The Seed Accelerator Rankings' each year. The rankings are developed by MIT, the University of Richmond and Brown University. They evaluate over 160 US Accelerators every year.
King Salmon Airport
King Salmon Airport (IATA: AKN, ICAO: PAKN, FAA LID: AKN) is a state-owned public-use airport located just southeast of King Salmon, in the Bristol Bay Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was formerly the Naknek Air Force Base, named for its location near the Naknek River.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 42,310 passenger boardings ( enplanements ) in calendar year 2008, 40,637 enplanements in 2009, and 41,514 in 2010. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.

Naknek Air Force Base
Naknek Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base located just southeast of King Salmon, in the Bristol Bay Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska. Following its closure, it has since been redeveloped into King Salmon Airport.

The United States Army Air Corps built Naknek Air Base in 1941.  The military established a rest and recreation camp at the Naknek River Rapids called Rapids Camp, and another at the west end of Naknek Lake called Lake Camp. In the 1950s, the base was renamed King Salmon Air Station.
Yoho River
The Yoho River, until 1901 known as the North Fork Wapta River or the North Fork Kicking Horse River, is a silty, swift tributary of the Kicking Horse River in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The river is entirely within Yoho National Park.

Yoho National Park
Yoho National Park (/ˈjoʊhoʊ/ YOH-hoh) is a national park of Canada. It is located within the Rocky Mountains along the western slope of the Continental Divide of the Americas in southeastern British Columbia, bordered by Kootenay National Park to the south and Banff National Park to the east in Alberta. The park features a spectacular landscape of massive ice fields and mountain peaks, which rank among the highest in the Canadian Rockies.

Yoho covers an area of 1,313 square kilometres (507 sq mi), the smallest of the region's four contiguous national parks, which also include Jasper, Kootenay, and Banff National Parks, as well as three British Columbia provincial parks—Hamber Provincial Park, Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, and Mount Robson Provincial Park. Together, these parks form the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. Yoho's administrative and visitor centre is in Field, British Columbia, beside the Trans-Canada Highway.
Listed buildings in Saddleworth
Saddleworth is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.  It lies between the town of Oldham and the Pennine hills, and it is largely rural, with agricultural land and moorland.  It also includes suburban areas to the east of Oldham.  The principal settlements are Austerlands, Delph, Denshaw, Diggle, Dobcross, Grasscroft, Greenfield, Grotton, Lydgate, Springhead, and Uppermill.  The parish contains 385 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, five are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.

The list has been divided into two sections according to the dates of earliest construction as follows:

Listed buildings in Saddleworth to 1800

Listed buildings in Saddleworth from 1800

Greenfield, Greater Manchester
Greenfield is a village in the civil parish of Saddleworth in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Oldham and 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Manchester. It is located in a broad rural area at the southern edge of the South Pennines; Dovestone Reservoir, Chew Reservoir and Greenfield Reservoir lie to the east of the village in the Peak District National Park.

Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Greenfield is sited in the Chew Valley, on the main A635 road from Ashton-under-Lyne to Holmfirth.
Canoa, Cuba
Canoa or La Canoa is a small town in Villa Clara Province, Cuba, in the vicinity of the Sagua la Chica River. Nearby towns include Vega Alta, La Levisa, Chicharón, Paso Real, Santa Ana, La Doncella, and La Catalina.
“Canoa” translates to “Canoe” in Spanish and shares the name with Arroyo La Canoa, a stream north of Canoa.

Vega Alta, Cuba
Vega Alta is a ward (consejo popular) and an urban settlement in Camajuaní, Villa Clara, Cuba. It is in the vicinity of the Sagua la Chica River, and borders the wards of Constancia, Aguada de Moya, Carmita, and Batalla de Santa Clara.

”Vega Alta” translates to “high valley” in English, referring to the tobacco valleys in the region.
George S. Eccles
George S. Eccles (1900–1982), the sixth of nine children of Utah industrialist David Eccles and his wife Ellen Stoddard Eccles. He grew up in Logan, Utah and graduated from Columbia University in New York, where he met fellow student Dolores "Lolie" Doré, whom he wed in 1925.
George and his brother Marriner Stoddard Eccles founded First Security Corporation in 1928. He was CEO of First Security Corporation from 1945 to 1982. In 1960 he and his wife co-founded the George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Foundation. He received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, alongside his brother Marriner S. Eccles, at the 1972 Achievement Summit in Salt Lake City.

George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Foundation
The George S. and Dolores Doré Eccles Foundation is a non-profit foundation located in Salt Lake City, Utah that gives grants for projects and programs throughout Utah in the following areas: arts and culture, community, education, health care, and preservation and conservation.
Slaugham
Slaugham (/ˈslæfəm/ ⓘ or /ˈslɑːfəm/ ⓘ) is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) to the south of Crawley, on the A23 road to Brighton. The civil parish covers an area of 2,432 hectares (6,010 acres). At the 2001 census it had a population of 2,226 persons of whom 1,174 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the parish included the villages of Handcross and Warninglid and had a population of 2,769. In addition the parish contains the settlement of Pease Pottage.

St Mary's Church is a Grade II* listed building dating mostly from the 12th and 13th centuries and is situated opposite Slaugham's village green. It serves all four villages. Church Covert wood off Staplefied Road is managed by the Woodland Trust.

Mid Sussex District
Mid Sussex is a local government district in West Sussex, England. The largest town is Haywards Heath, where the council is based. The district also contains the towns of Burgess Hill and East Grinstead plus surrounding rural areas, including many villages. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park and part of the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald, including sections of Ashdown Forest. The district contains most headwaters of the River Ouse. Its largest body of water is Ardingly reservoir which is used by watersports clubs. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 152,949.

The neighbouring districts are Crawley, Horsham, Brighton and Hove, Lewes, Wealden and Tandridge.
Chesapeake High School (Essex, Maryland)
Chesapeake High School (CHS), is a four-year public high school located in Essex, Maryland, United States, a suburb of Baltimore. It is part of the Baltimore County Public Schools system.

Chesapeake High School is one of two high schools in Maryland by that name, the other one being located in Anne Arundel County. The Chesapeake High School of Baltimore County is located in southeast corner of the county in Essex, Maryland. The school borders the school districts of Kenwood High School, Sparrows Point High School, Dundalk High School, and Patapsco High School. Widely known for its Virtual Lab and MCJROTC program.  CHS is a Baltimore County Public School.

The high school is 196,204 square feet (18,227.9 m2) on 49 acres (200,000 m2).

Baltimore County Public Schools
Baltimore County Public Schools is the school district in charge of all public schools in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is the 25th largest school system in the US as of 2013. The school system is managed by the board of education, headquartered in Towson. Since July 1, 2023, the superintendent is Myriam Rogers.
Busto Arsizio railway station
Busto Arsizio is a railway station in Italy. Located on the common section of the lines Domodossola–Milan, Luino–Milan and Porto Ceresio–Milan, it serves the city of Busto Arsizio. It is joined by a junction track to the Busto Arsizio Nord railway station, managed by Ferrovienord.

Busto Arsizio Nord railway station
Busto Arsizio Nord is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Saronno–Novara railway, it serves the city of Busto Arsizio. It is joined by a junction track to the Busto Arsizio railway station, managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Some kilometers west from the station, at Bivio Sacconago, is the origin of the branch to Malpensa. The train services are operated by Trenord and TiLo.
Paddar
Paddar, also spelled Padar (Hindi: pāḍar), is a sub-district and remote valley in the Kishtwar district of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It falls in the Jammu division. It consists of two tehsils: Machail and Atholi Paddar. The valley covers the entire southeastern portion of the Kishtwar district. It borders Zanskar (Ladakh) in the north and east, Pangi (Himachal Pradesh) in the south and the rest of Jammu and Kashmir in the west. The valley is known for its Sapphire mines. It lies along the Chenab river in the Great Himalayas. Paddar is one of the most remote regions of Jammu and Kashmir. There are a number of small valleys within Paddar, such as Machail, Gandhari, Kabban, Ongai, Bhuzunu, Barnaj, Bhuzas, Kijai Nallah, Ishtiyari, Tiyari and Dharlang, among others.

Kishtwar district
Kishtwar district is an administrative district of the Jammu division in the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir. As of 2011, it is the largest and the least populous district of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Electoral district of Woollahra
Woollahra was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, originally created with the abolition of multi-member constituencies in 1894 from part of Paddington, along with Waverley and Randwick. It was named after and including the Sydney suburb of Woollahra. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Eastern Suburbs. Woollahra was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1962.

Electoral district of Eastern Suburbs (New South Wales)
Eastern Suburbs was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It was created as a five-member electorate with the introduction of proportional representation in 1920, replacing Bondi, Randwick, Waverley and Woollahra and named after and situated in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs. It was abolished in 1927 and replaced by Bondi, Coogee, Randwick, Vaucluse, Waverley and Woollahra.
Jean Mannheim
Jean Mannheim (November 18, 1863 – September 6, 1945) was a German-born American artist and educator, known for his California Impressionist paintings. He was active in Decatur, Illinois, and Pasadena, California.

California Impressionism
The terms California Impressionism and California Plein-Air Painting describe the large art movement of 20th century artists who worked out of doors (en plein air), directly from nature in California, United States. Their work became popular in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California in the first three decades after the turn of the 20th century. Considered to be a regional variation on American Impressionism, the California Impressionists are a subset of the California Plein-Air School.
Torke
Torke is a small village in Kumta taluk of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. This village is about a few square kilometres in extent. Torke traditionally is the amalgamation of Hoskatt, Naranapur, Toregazani, Torke, Devarabhavi, Hallergudi, Devana and Gonehalli. It has a Gram Panchayat.

The name "Torke" is supposed to have originated from "tore", the rivulet that used to flow through the village. Local names like "torehalla" and "toregazani" also give credence to this theory. However, since this place is famous for production of salt, and a salt maker is also known to be called a "thoreya" in Kannada, Torke might also have got its name from that.

Gopalkrishna P. Nayak
Gopalkrishna Pandurang Nayak, known as Gaonkar, (3 September 1927 – 5 February 2017) from Torke village was a drama writer in the Kannada language. In 2000, he was awarded Karnataka Sahitya Akademi for his work in drama writings. He was also awarded Yakshgana Sahitya Prashasti.

G. P. Nayak was born in Hiregutti village. He earned his high school diploma (1945) from Gibbs High School, Kumta and a B.Sc. degree (1950) from the Karnataka College, Dharwar. After working almost two decades, he retired as head master of Shri Sadguru Nityanand High-School, Sanikatta village. Prior to this, Nayak was Principal of the Primary School Teachers Training College Ankola.

After retirement, Nayak lived in Hubli and died on 5 February 2017.
Face (geometry)
In solid geometry, a face is a flat surface (a planar region) that forms part of the boundary of a solid object. For example, a cube has six faces in this sense.

In more modern treatments of the geometry of polyhedra and higher-dimensional polytopes, a "face" is defined in such a way that it may have any dimension. The vertices, edges, and (2-dimensional) faces of a polyhedron are all faces in this more general sense.

Euler characteristic
In mathematics, and more specifically in algebraic topology and polyhedral combinatorics, the Euler characteristic (or Euler number, or Euler–Poincaré characteristic) is a topological invariant, a number that describes a topological space's shape or structure regardless of the way it is bent. It is commonly denoted by  (Greek lower-case letter chi).

The Euler characteristic was originally defined for polyhedra and used to prove various theorems about them, including the classification of the Platonic solids. It was stated for Platonic solids in 1537 in an unpublished manuscript by Francesco Maurolico. Leonhard Euler, for whom the concept is named, introduced it for convex polyhedra more generally but failed to rigorously prove that it is an invariant. In modern mathematics, the Euler characteristic arises from homology and, more abstractly, homological algebra.