hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Progo River
The Progo River (Javanese: Kali Praga, ꦏꦭꦶꦥꦿꦒ, Javanese pronunciation: ['kali 'prɔgɔ]) is a river in southern central Java, Indonesia. The river passes through two provinces; Central Java and Yogyakarta Special Region. The source of the river is on the slopes of Mount Sindoro, Central Java.

Mount Sindoro
Mount Sindoro, Mount Sindara or Mount Sundoro is a semi-active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia. Parasitic craters and volcanic cones are found in the northwest-southern flanks; the largest is called Kembang. A small lava dome occupies the volcano's summit. Historical eruptions have been mostly mild to moderate.

The Sindoro mountain complex serves as the headwaters for the Progo river basin on the eastern slope and the Serayu river basin on the western slope. The boundary between the headwaters of these two river basins extends southeastward from the Sindoro mountain complex to the summit of Mount Sumbing. The headwaters of the Progo River basin on the eastern side flow through Temanggung Regency, while the headwaters of the Serayu River basin on the western side flow through Wonosobo Regency. Both of their mainstem ultimately discharge into the Indian Ocean, on the southern coast of Java, separated by a distance of approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi).
1988 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1988 nuclear test series was a group of 16 nuclear tests conducted in 1988. These tests followed the 1987 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1989 Soviet nuclear tests series.

1989 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1989 nuclear test series was a group of 7 nuclear tests conducted in 1989. These tests followed the 1988 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1990 Soviet nuclear tests series.
Sabu also called Ibebi
Sabu called Ibebi (fl. c. 2350 BC) was a High Priest of Ptah during the reigns of Kings Unas and Teti.

Sabu's mastaba in Saqqara (Mariette's E1) contains several inscriptions showing how the king favored him. Sabu called Ibebi and his son Ptahshepses share a double mastaba (E1 and E2).

The inscriptions specifically mention that Sabu served under Unas and was later much honored by Teti.

His titles and epithets include: High priest of Ptah, cup-bearer of the king, master of secret things of the king in his every place, honored by the king, high priest of Ptah, attached to the Double House, feast-day attendant, pleasing every artificer, honored by every sovereign, a member of his court, attached to the heart of his lord, the favorite of his lord's heart, beloved of his lord, revered of Ptah, doing that which the god desired of him every day in the king's presence.

High Priest of Ptah
The High Priest of Ptah was sometimes referred to as "the Greatest of the Directors of Craftsmanship" (wr-ḫrp-ḥmwt). This title refers to Ptah as the patron god of the craftsmen.

The office of the high priest of Ptah was located in Memphis in Lower Egypt. The temple of Ptah in Memphis was dedicated to Ptah, his consort Sekhmet and their son Nefertem.
Puerto Rico Highway 116
Puerto Rico Highway 116 (PR-116) is a main highway in the southwest region of Puerto Rico, between the municipalities of Guánica and Lajas. This road begins at PR-2 in Susúa Baja and ends at Puerto Rico Highway 101 in Lajas barrio.

Puerto Rico Highway 101
Puerto Rico Highway 101 (PR-101) is a rural road leaving the town of Boquerón, Cabo Rojo and Lajas, to the town of San Germán. Among their intersections are the PR-100, PR-301 (to El Combate), PR-103 PR-116 (to Guánica), PR-166 and PR-102.
Olive snout-burrower
The olive snout-burrower (Hemisus olivaceus), or olive shovelnose frog, is a species of frog in the family Hemisotidae, found in Democratic Republic of the Congo and possibly Uganda.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, swamps, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marshes.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Shovelnose frog
The shovelnose frogs are the species of frogs in the genus, Hemisus, the only genus in the family Hemisotidae. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa. The shovelnose frogs are moderate-sized frogs, reaching a length of 8 cm (3.1 in). They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their heads are small and narrow, with hard, upturned noses.

The shovelnose frogs are burrowing frogs, living most of their lives underground. The female digs underground while in amplexus, and lays her eggs in an underground cavity. The male leaves through the tunnel, and the female remains with the eggs. Once sufficient rain has fallen, the female burrows with her nose towards a water source, where the tadpoles will remain until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may remain out of water up to a few days.

Unlike most burrowing frogs, the shovelnose frogs burrow head-first, as opposed to rear-first, hence their other common names - snout-burrowers. Some species are kept as pets.
Punta Križa
Punta Križa (Italian: Punta Croce) is a village on the southern end of the Croatian island of Cres, in Primorje-Gorski Kotar. Administratively, it is part of the town of Mali Lošinj. As of 2021, it had a population of 46. There are at least two marinas in the region.

Mali Lošinj
Mali Lošinj is a town in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, on the island of Lošinj, in western Croatia. At the time of the 2021 census, there were 7,537 inhabitants, of whom 86% were Croats. The town of Mali Lošinj itself had an urban population of 5,561.

The favourable climatic conditions, the construction of hotels and resorts, foresting, and maintenance of beaches have led to the intensive development of tourism. The town is located in the most protected part of the Lošinj bay, on the eastern, sunny side of the island.

The asteroid 10415 Mali Lošinj is named after this town.
2001 Clarion Sandown 500
The 2001 Clarion Sandown 500 was a motor race for production-based Nations Cup cars and GT Production cars. The race, which was the 34th Sandown 500 endurance race, was held at Sandown Raceway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia on 16 September 2001. It was the first Sandown 500 held since 1998 when it was contested by V8 Supercars.

The race was won by John Bowe and Tom Waring driving a Ferrari 360 Challenge for Prancing Horse Racing.

Sandown Raceway
Sandown International Raceway is a motor racing circuit in the suburb of Springvale in Melbourne, Victoria, approximately 25 km (16 mi) south east of the city centre. Sandown is considered a power circuit with its "drag strip" front and back straights being 899 and 910 m (983 and 995 yd) long respectively.
Thermosiphon
A thermosiphon (or thermosyphon) is a device that employs a method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump. Thermosiphoning is used for circulation of liquids and volatile gases in heating and cooling applications such as heat pumps, water heaters, boilers and furnaces. Thermosiphoning also occurs across air temperature gradients such as those occurring in a wood-fire chimney or solar chimney.

This circulation can either be open-loop, as when the substance in a holding tank is passed in one direction via a heated transfer tube mounted at the bottom of the tank to a distribution point — even one mounted above the originating tank — or it can be a vertical closed-loop circuit with return to the original container. Its purpose is to simplify the transfer of liquid or gas while avoiding the cost and complexity of a conventional pump.

Water cooling
Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment. Evaporative cooling using water is often more efficient than air cooling. Water is inexpensive and non-toxic; however, it can contain impurities and cause corrosion.

Water cooling is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. Water coolers utilising convective heat transfer are used inside some high-end personal computers to further lower the temperature of CPUs and other components compared to air cooling.

Other uses include the cooling of lubricant oil in pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; for cooling buildings in HVAC and in chillers.
Studentized residual
In statistics, a studentized residual is the dimensionless ratio resulting from the division of a residual by an estimate of its standard deviation, both expressed in the same units. It is a form of a Student's t-statistic, with the estimate of error varying between points.

This is an important technique in the detection of outliers. It is among several named in honor of William Sealey Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym "Student" (e.g., Student's distribution). Dividing a statistic by a sample standard deviation is called studentizing, in analogy with standardizing and normalizing.

T-statistic
In statistics, the t-statistic is the ratio of the difference in a number’s estimated value from its assumed value to its standard error. It is used in hypothesis testing via Student's t-test. The t-statistic is used in a t-test to determine whether to support or reject the null hypothesis. It is very similar to the z-score but with the difference that t-statistic is used when the sample size is small or the population standard deviation is unknown. For example, the t-statistic is used in estimating the population mean from a sampling distribution of sample means if the population standard deviation is unknown. It is also used along with p-value when running hypothesis tests where the p-value tells us what the odds are of the results to have happened.
Sophie de Brégis, comtesse d'Averne
Sophie de Brégis, comtesse d'Averne (fl. 1723), was a French courtesan. She was the official mistress of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was the regent of France during the minority of the infant King Louis XV.   She was the mistress of the regent during 1721.

Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Philippe, duc d'Orléans (Philippe Charles; 2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723), who was known as the Regent, was a French prince, soldier, and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of France from 1715 to 1723. He is referred to in French as le Régent. He was the son of Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, and Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans. Born at his father's palace at Saint-Cloud, he was known from birth by the title of Duke of Chartres.

In 1692, Philippe married his first cousin Françoise Marie de Bourbon, the youngest legitimised daughter (légitimée de France) of King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan. Named regent of France during the minority of Louis XV, his great-nephew and first cousin twice removed, the period of his de facto rule was known as the Regency (French: la Régence) (1715–1723). The Regency came to an end in February 1723, and the Duke of Orléans died at Versailles in December.
Edwin Theodor Saemisch
Edwin Theodor Saemisch (30 September 1833, Luckau – 29 September 1909, Bonn) was a German ophthalmologist born in Luckau.

In 1858 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Berlin, afterwards serving as an assistant to Albrecht von Graefe (1828-1870) in Berlin, and to Alexander Pagenstecher (1828-1879) in Wiesbaden. In 1867 he became an associate professor at the University of Bonn, and in 1873 attained the title of "full professor".

Saemisch specialized in eye disorders, particularly diseases of the conjunctiva, sclera and cornea. He is credited for providing descriptions of vernal conjunctivitis and a type of corneal ulcer called "ulcus serpens corneae". With Alfred Carl Graefe (1830-1899), a cousin of Albrecht von Graefe, he was co-editor of a multi-volume manual on ophthalmology titled Handbuch der gesammten Augenheilkunde.

Alexander Pagenstecher (ophthalmologist)
Friedrich Alexander Hermann Pagenstecher (21 April 1828 – 31 December 1879) was a German ophthalmologist born in Wallau.

He studied medicine at the Universities of Gießen, Heidelberg and Würzburg. He obtained his doctorate in 1849, and in 1851 traveled to Paris to study ophthalmology. In 1856 he founded an ophthalmology hospital in Wiesbaden, and was its director until his death in 1879. At Wiesbaden, he worked closely with his brother, Hermann Pagenstecher (1844–1932), who took control of the eye hospital following his death.

Pagenstecher made several contributions in ophthalmology, and was internationally known for his treatment of glaucoma and cataracts. He is remembered for introducing a surgical practice known as intracapsular cataract extraction, and in 1862 he introduced yellow Präcipitatsalbe (precipitate salve) as an eye ointment. Pagenstecher died on 31 December 1879, from injuries sustained in a freak hunting accident.
Łukasz Opaliński (1581–1654)
Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński of Łodzia coat of arms (1581–1654) was a Polish nobleman.

He was castellan of Poznań from 1615, Crown Court Marshal from 1630, Crown Grand Marshal in 1634–1650, voivode of the Rawa, starosta Wałecki, Leżajski, Hrubieszowski, Kolski, Odolanowski, Śremski, Łosicki, Ratneński, Ujski and Pilski. He was an enemy of Stanisław Stadnicki.

In 1620 when Michał Piekarski tried to attack king Sigismund III Vasa, Opaliński threw himself between them, saving the king. He also probably snatched his ax and overpowered him.

He was a supporter and trusted retainer of King Władysław IV Vasa, considered efficient and just. At the same time he was merciless in exploiting the crown lands he was entrusted as a starost.

He had three wives, Anna Pilecka, Zofia Daniłowicz and Elżbieta Firlej. He had two children with Pilecka, Elżbieta Opalińska and Konstancja Opalińska, as well as one child with Daniłowicz, Katarzyna Opalińska.

Founder of basilica in Leżajsk.

Michał Piekarski
Michał Piekarski (Polish pronunciation: [mixaw piɛkarski]; before 1597 – 27 November 1620), also known as Michael Piekarski, was a Polish petty nobleman and landowner, who attempted to assassinate King Sigismund III in 1620.
19 Castle Gate
19 Castle Gate, also known as Stanford House, is an 18th-century Grade II* listed building on the corner of Castle Gate and Stanford Street, in Nottingham, England. It should not be confused with 6 Stanford Street, a 19th-century Grade II listed former warehouse, which is also known as Stanford House.

6 Stanford Street
6 Stanford Street, also known as Stanford House, is a 19th-century Grade II listed former warehouse on Stanford Street in Nottingham, England. It should not be confused with 19 Castle Gate, an 18th-century Grade II* listed house on the corner of Stanford Street and Castle Gate, which is also known as Stanford House.

The warehouse was built c. 1854 by TC Hine of Nottingham for J Lewis & Son. It was converted into offices in the late 20th century.
Germantown High School (Philadelphia)
Germantown High School was a secondary school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Germantown High School graduated its final class on June 19, 2013 and closed its doors that week.

GHS, located in Germantown, was a part of the School District of Philadelphia.
The school was built in 1914. Its students were mostly African-American, despite the previous German population of the region. Students came from the Logan, Germantown, Mt. Airy, Chestnut Hill, and Nicetown-Tioga sections of the city.

The team name was the Bears. In 1993-94 and 1995, the school's boys varsity basketball team was ranked first in Philadelphia.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain (simplified Chinese: 玉龙雪山; traditional Chinese: 玉龍雪山; pinyin: Yùlóng Xuěshān; Naxi: Jingv'lv or Ngv'lv bbei jjuq) is a mountain massif or small mountain range in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Lijiang, in Yunnan province, China. Its highest peak is named Shanzidou or Shan-Tzu-tou (扇子陡) and it is 5,596 m (18,360 ft) above sea level.

Yulong Naxi Autonomous County
Yulong Naxi Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 玉龙纳西族自治县; traditional Chinese: 玉龍納西族自治縣; pinyin: Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn; Naxi: Yulleq Naqxiceef Zeeqzheeqxail) is a county located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China, bordering Sichuan Province to the northeast. It is the westernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Lijiang. Wenhai village and lake along with Jade Dragon Snow Mountain are some of the famous scenic spots found here.
Tampa International Airport
Tampa International Airport (IATA: TPA, ICAO: KTPA, FAA LID: TPA) is an international airport six miles (9.7 km) west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). The airport serves 100 non-stop destinations throughout North America, South America, the Caribbean and Europe across multiple carriers.

JetBlue
JetBlue Airways Corporation, stylized as jetBlue, is an American low-cost airline headquartered in Long Island City, in Queens, New York City. Primarily a point-to-point carrier, JetBlue's network features six focus cities including its main hub at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport, with destinations across the Americas and Europe. Although not a member of any global airline alliances, JetBlue has codeshare agreements with airlines from Oneworld, SkyTeam, and Star Alliance.
Multimedia City
Multimedia City (Polish: Miasteczko Multimedialne) an innovative project, that has been realized in Nowy Sącz, in southern Poland. It has started in 2006, on the initiative of leaders and alumnus from WSB-NLU (Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu — National Luis University), with Krzysztof Pawlowski and Krzysztof Wnek at the head of. The Multimedia City's main goal is to initiate the cooperation between science and business in testing, incubating and commercialization of innovative projects of new technologies idea to economy.

Nowy Sącz
Nowy Sącz (Polish pronunciation: [ˈnɔvɨ ˈsɔnt͡ʂ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Újszandec; Yiddish: צאַנז, romanized: Tsanz; Slovak: Nový Sonč) is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland. It is the district capital of Nowy Sącz County as a separate administrative unit. With a population of 83,116 as of 2021, it is the largest city in the Beskid Sądecki Region as well as the third most populous city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Brunhilde Hendrix
Brunhilde Hendrix (2 August 1938 in Langenzenn – 28 November 1995 in Sachsen bei Ansbach) was a West German athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.

Hendrix competed for the United Team of Germany in the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy in the 4 × 100 metres where she won the silver medal with her teammates Martha Langbein, Anni Biechl and Jutta Heine.

Both her parents (mother Marie Dollinger and father Friedrich Hendrix) were German 100-meter runners  and successful athletes who competed in Olympic Games, too. Her mother, Marie Dollinger , was the only German woman to participate in three Olympic Games before World War II : 1928, 1932, and 1936.

Friedrich Hendrix
Friedrich ("Fritz") Hendrix (6 January 1911 in Aachen – KIA 30 August 1941 in Proletarskaja near Leningrad) was a German athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres.

He competed for Germany in the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, United States in the 4 × 100 metre relay where he won the silver medal with his team mates Helmut Körnig, Erich Borchmeyer and Arthur Jonath.

He was married fellow sprinter Marie Dollinger who competed in three Olympic Games. Their daughter Brunhilde Hendrix later won an silver medal in the relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

He was killed in action during World War II.
Golf School District 67
Golf School District 67 is located in Morton Grove, Illinois. The Village of Morton Grove is approximately 13 miles north of downtown Chicago. The district consists of two schools: Hynes Elementary School and Golf Middle School. Students in Pre-Kindergarten through fourth grade attend Hynes Elementary School, and those in grades five through eight attend Golf Middle School. The school district has an enrollment of approximately 695 students (as of 2022) and is served by 90 teachers and staff.

The school district serves students in parts of Morton Grove, Niles, and Glenview (Reserve at Glenview apartment community). Geographically the district also includes a portion of Skokie that lack residents. Despite its name, the district does not include any part of Golf, Illinois, although it did prior to 1982.

As of the 2000 census, the district's total population was 6,738, with 2,446 households.

The district serves approximately 695 students.

Morton Grove, Illinois
Morton Grove is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 25,297. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area.

The village is named after former United States Vice President Levi Parsons Morton, who helped finance the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad (later the Milwaukee Road), which roughly tracked the North Branch of the Chicago River in the area and established a stop at the old Miller's Mill. Miller's Mill Road, now Lincoln Avenue, connected the former riverside sawmill to the township's central settlement (Niles Center, now Skokie). The railroad stop facilitated trade and development; the upstart neighborhood grew enough to incorporate in December 1895.
Massachusetts Senate's Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester district
Massachusetts Senate's Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. This district was created due to redistricting after the 2020 census. This district consists mostly of the old 1st Hampden and Hampshire district and additional towns from the represented counties. Jacob Oliveira of Ludlow has represented this district since 2023.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Chipping Norton School
Chipping Norton School is a mixed secondary school with academy status located in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It is attended by 1000 students, with 200 in Sixth Form. It has no specific religious denomination and is a non-boarding, Arts and Science college. The school joined the River Learning Trust, a multi-academy trust on 1 March 2017.

The current head teacher is Bertram Richter, who replaced Barry Doherty in September 2025.

Chipping Norton
Chipping Norton is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswolds in the West Oxfordshire district of Oxfordshire, England, about 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Banbury and 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Oxford. The 2011 Census recorded the civil parish population as 5,719. It was estimated at 6,254 in 2019.