hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China–Pakistan border
The China–Pakistan border is 596 kilometres (370 mi) long and runs west–east from the tripoint with Afghanistan to the disputed tripoint with India in the vicinity of the Siachen Glacier. It traverses the Karakoram Mountains, one of the world's tallest mountain ranges. Hunza District, Nagar District, Shigar District and Ghanche District in Gilgit-Baltistan administered by Pakistan, border Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County and Kargilik/Yecheng County in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Mintaka Pass
The Mintaka Pass or Mingteke Pass or Mintika Pass (Chinese: 明铁盖达坂) is a mountain pass in the Karakorum Mountains, between northern Pakistan and Xinjiang in China. In ancient times, the Mintaka Pass and the nearby Kilik Pass, 30 km (19 mi) to the west, were the two main access points into Gojal (the upper Hunza Valley) from the north.  The Hunza Valley is a mountainous valley near Gilgit in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. In addition, the two passes were also the routes used to reach Chalachigu Valley and Taghdumbash Pamir from the south. The name of the pass – Mintaka means "a thousand ibex" in Kyrgyz.
Compter
A compter, sometimes referred to as a counter, was a type of small English prison controlled by a sheriff. The inmates were usually civil prisoners, for example dissenters and debtors. Examples of compters include London's Wood Street Compter, Poultry Compter, Giltspur Street Compter and Borough Compter and the lock-up over the Abbey Gateway, next to St Laurence's church, in Reading, Berkshire (this was the Compter Gate and the lock-up was known as the Compter).

The Compter's Commonwealth (1617), by William Fennor, was a work written from the author's experience of imprisonment at London's Wood Street Compter, and is regarded by many historians as one of the principal primary sources for assessment of English 16th-century prison conditions.

Giltspur Street Compter
The Giltspur Street Compter was a compter or small prison, designed by English architect and surveyor George Dance the Younger, mainly used to hold debtors. It was in Giltspur Street, Smithfield, close to Newgate, in the City of London, between 1791 and 1853.

The compter was adjacent to Christ's Hospital Boys' School (1553-1902). Its construction began in 1787, and was ready for occupation in 1791. In 1815 it took some prisoners from the nearby Poultry Compter prior to its closure. The Giltspur Street prison was itself closed in 1853 and demolished in 1854, the site being later occupied by the King Edward Buildings Royal Mail Sorting Office.
Sugar alcohol
Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, containing one hydroxyl group (−OH) attached to each carbon atom. They are white, water-soluble solids that can occur naturally or be produced industrially by hydrogenating sugars. Since they contain multiple (−OH) groups, they are classified as polyols.

Sugar alcohols are used widely in the food industry as thickeners and sweeteners. In commercial foodstuffs, sugar alcohols are commonly used in place of table sugar (sucrose), often in combination with high-intensity artificial sweeteners, in order to offset their low sweetness. Xylitol and sorbitol are popular sugar alcohols in commercial foods.

Sugar alcohols are synthesised by most microorganisms and plants, with roles in maintaining cellular water balance and responding to stresses, such as water deficiency or low temperature.

Polyol
In organic chemistry, a polyol is an organic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups (−OH). The term "polyol" can have slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used in food science or polymer chemistry. Polyols containing two, three and four hydroxyl groups are diols, triols, and tetrols, respectively.
Pérotin
Pérotin (fl. c. 1200) was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies.

Other than a brief mention by music theorist Johannes de Garlandia in his De Mensurabili Musica, virtually all information on Pérotin's life comes from Anonymous IV, a pseudonymous English student who probably studied in Paris. Anonymous IV names seven titles from a Magnus Liber—including Viderunt omnes, Sederunt principes and Alleluia Nativitas—that have been identified with surviving works and gives him the title Magister Perotinus (Pérotinus the Master), meaning he was licensed to teach. It is assumed that Perotinus was French and named Pérotin, a diminutive of Peter, but attempts to match him with persons in contemporary documents remain speculative.

Conductus
The conductus (plural: conducti) was a sacred Latin song in the Middle Ages, one whose poetry and music were newly composed. It is non-liturgical since its Latin lyric borrows little from previous chants. The conductus was northern French equivalent of the versus, which flourished in Aquitaine. It was originally found in the twelfth-century Aquitanian repertories. But major collections of conducti were preserved in Paris. The conductus typically includes one, two, or three voices. A small number of the conducti are for four voices. Stylistically, the conductus is a type of discant (i.e. note-against-note polyphony). Its form can be strophic or through-composed form. The genre flourished from the early twelfth century to the middle of thirteenth century. It was one of the principal types of vocal composition of the ars antiqua period of medieval music history.
The Pioneer (Visalia, California)
This is about the sculpture in Visalia, California.  For the same-named sculptures elsewhere, see Pioneer (disambiguation).

The Pioneer in Visalia, California was a sculpture by Solon H. Borglum that was first displayed at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, a world's fair in San Francisco in 1915.  It was obtained by Visalia for $150, the cost of shipping it from San Francisco.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

From 1916 to 1980, it was located in Mooney Grove Park, at 27000 South Mooney Boulevard, in Visalia. It was toppled by an earthquake in 1980 and destroyed; its internal metal had rusted away. Only the base remains.

However, it remains listed on the National Register.

Panama–Pacific International Exposition
The Panama–Pacific International Exposition was a world's fair held in San Francisco, California, United States, from February 20 to December 4, 1915. Its stated purpose was to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, but it was widely seen in the city as an opportunity to showcase its recovery from the 1906 earthquake. The fair was constructed on a 636-acre (257-hectare) site along the northern shore, between the Presidio and Fort Mason, now known as the Marina District.
Golden Bough (band)
Golden Bough is a Celtic-music band formed in 1980 and based in California. The band performs at music festivals and has toured Europe several times. They are known for their acoustic musical performances of folk music and Celtic music and for their 22 albums. They are also known for their association with Lief Sørbye (a founding member) and with the band Tempest.

Current members of the band include Margie Butler (lyric soprano) on vocals, Celtic harp, penny whistle, recorder, bodhran and guitar; Paul Espinoza (folk tenor) on vocals, guitar, accordion and octave-mandolin; Kathy Sierra (folk soprano) on vocals, violin and viola.

Tempest (Celtic rock band)
Tempest is an American Celtic rock band from the San Francisco Bay Area, based in Oakland, California. They fuse the traditional Celtic music with Norwegian and European folk, American folk, and progressive rock.
Chiba 5th district
Chiba 5th District (千葉県第5区, Chiba-ken dai-go-ku) is an electoral district in the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 1994 after the introduction of single-member constituencies in that year. Since its creation it has been redistricted twice: once in 2002 and again in 2022.

Arfiya Eri, a Liberal Democratic Party politician of Uyghur won a by-election on 17 April 2023.

Ichikawa, Chiba
Ichikawa (市川市, Ichikawa-shi; pronounced [itɕiꜜkaɰa, itɕi̥kaꜜɰa, itɕi̥kaɰaꜜɕi]) is a city in western Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 492,749 in 256,229 households and a population density of 8577 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 57.45 square kilometres (22.18 sq mi).  The city has good transportation connections to the center of Tokyo, as with many areas of Chiba Prefecture. Major rail routes and roads pass through the city.
Abu Sahl Zawzani
Abu Sahl Muhammad ibn Husayn (or Hasan) Zawzani (Persian: ابوسهل محمد حسین زوزنی), better known as Abu Sahl Zawzani (ابوسهل زوزنی; also spelled Zuzani), was a Persian statesman who served as the chief secretary of the Ghaznavids briefly in 1040, and later from 1041 to an unknown date. Zawzani died in 1054.

Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi
Abūʾl-Fazl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī (Persian: ابوالفضل محمد بن حسین بیهقی; died September 21, 1077), better known as Abu'l-Fazl Bayhaqi (ابوالفضل بیهقی; also spelled Beyhaqi), was a secretary, historian and author.

Educated in the major cultural center of Nishapur, and employed at the court of the famous Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud, Bayhaqi was a highly cultured man, whose magnum opus—the Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, is seen as the most reliable source of valid information about the Ghaznavid era, which was written in an exquisite and vivid Persian prose that would become an ideal model for several eras.

Bayhaqi is praised by modern scholars for his frankness, precision, and elegant style in his book, which he had spent 22 years to write, finishing it in thirty volumes, of which however only five volumes and half of the sixth exist today. Julie Scott Meisami places Bayhaqi among the historians of the Islamic Golden Age.
Atlántida, Uruguay
Atlántida is a resort town of the Costa de Oro in Canelones Department of Uruguay, 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Montevideo. It is located on Ruta Interbalnearia, near the junction with Route 11.

Atlántida is also the name of the municipality to which the town belongs and which includes a few more resort towns to the north and to the west of the town, i.e. Estación Atlántida, City Golf, Villa Argentina, Fortín de Santa Rosa and rural areas to their north.

Costa de Oro
Costa de Oro is a 45 kilometres (28 mi) long group of resort towns and beaches in Canelones Department, Uruguay, east of the Ciudad de la Costa. Until 19 October 1994 it also included all the resorts that became henceforth integrated under the name Ciudad de la Costa. Since then, Costa de Oro contains only the resorts and locations of the area delimited by the streams Arroyo Pando to the west and Arroyo Solís Grande to the east and by the highways Ruta 8 and Ruta 9 to the north.
Marceline (fabric)
Marceline (sometimes marcelline or merceline) is a type of grain fabric made from taffeta-silk but more pronounced than plain taffeta.
Its main usage is in the linings in hatmaking or in women's dresses but there are other applications.

Its threads are crossed "in groups in a two-pass report, are individually introduced in the meshes of the heights so that they are fixed exactly and parallel in their crosses with the weft".

The 1893 US Supreme Court case Cadwalader v. Wanamaker addressed the question of whether marcelines or "chinas" should be considered trimmings for tariff purposes. It was classified by the US as a sheer fabric.

In "Journées de Lecture", Marcel Proust recalls having a marceline quilt in his room "...la jonchée de couvre-pieds en marceline...".

Taffeta
Taffeta (archaically spelled taffety or taffata) is a crisp, smooth, plain woven fabric made from silk, nylon, cuprammonium rayons, acetate, or polyester. The word came into Middle English via Old French and Old Italian, which borrowed the Persian word tāfta (تافته), which means "silk" or "linen cloth". As clothing, it is used in ball gowns, wedding dresses, and corsets, and in interior decoration, for curtains or wallcovering. It tends to yield a stiff cloth with a starched appearance that holds its shape better than many other fabrics and does not sag or drape.

Silk taffeta is of two types: yarn-dyed and piece-dyed. Piece-dyed taffeta is often used in linings and is quite soft. Yarn-dyed taffeta is much stiffer and is often used in evening dresses. Shot silk taffeta was one of the most highly-sought forms of Byzantine silk, and may have been the fabric known as purpura.
Platypelta
Platypelta is an extinct genus of herbivorous ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. It is known from the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation (early Late Campanian stage, about 77.5-76.5 Ma ago) of southern Alberta, Canada. The type species is Platypelta coombsi.

Dinosaur Park Formation
The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago. It was deposited in alluvial and coastal plain environments, and it is bounded by the nonmarine Oldman Formation below it and the marine Bearpaw Formation above it.

The Dinosaur Park Formation contains dense concentrations of dinosaur skeletons, both articulated and disarticulated, which are often found with preserved remains of soft tissues. Remains of other animals such as fish, turtles, and crocodilians, as well as plant remains, are also abundant. The formation has been named after Dinosaur Provincial Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site where the formation is well exposed in the badlands that flank the Red Deer River.
Manhattan Gardens
The Manhattan Gardens, also known as the Manhattan Gardens at Araneta City is a 5.7-hectare (14-acre) transit-oriented residential development located at the Araneta City in Cubao, Quezon City. The project is a joint-venture project between the Araneta Group and the Megaworld Corporation, and marketed under Empire East Land Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of the Megaworld Corporation. The development is currently under development with 12 out of the 18 buildings completed, with 1 tower being under construction and 5 more towers set to be constructed in the pipeline.

Jorge L. Araneta
Jorge León "Nene" Araneta Araneta (born March 8, 1936) is a prominent Filipino businessman. Araneta chairs the Araneta Group of Companies which is engaged in property development, lodging and hospitality (Araneta City, Novotel Manila Araneta City, Ibis Styles Araneta City), food and dining (Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and Dairy Queen Philippine franchise holder), entertainment and leisure  (Araneta Coliseum, New Frontier Theater), and beauty and philanthropy (Binibining Pilipinas Charities, Inc., J. Amado Araneta Foundation). Araneta also serves as a director of the Philippine Seven Corporation (Philippine franchisee of 7-Eleven) and as one of the co-founders of Medical Doctors Inc. (owner and operator of Makati Medical Center).

He also serves as a Consul at the Colombian Embassy.
Billean Island
Billean Island (Malay: Pulau Billean) is an island located in eastern Sabah on the Sulu Sea on Malaysia. It is part of the Sugud Islands Marine Conservation Area (SIMCA) together with Lankayan and Tegaipil.

Tegaipil Island
Tegaipil Island (Malay: Pulau Tegaipil) is an island located in eastern Sabah on the Sulu Sea on Malaysia. It is part of the Sugud Islands Marine Conservation Area (SIMCA) together with Billean and Lankayan.
Manuel de Montiano
Manuel Joaquín de Montiano y Sopelana (January 6, 1685 – January 7, 1762) was a Spanish General and colonial administrator who served as Royal Governor of La Florida during Florida's First Spanish Period and as Royal Governor of Panama. He defended Florida from an attack by British forces in 1740 and launched his own unsuccessful Invasion of Georgia during the War of Jenkins' Ear.

Battle of Bloody Marsh
The Battle of Bloody Marsh took place on July 18, 1742 (new style) between Spanish and British forces on St. Simons Island, part of the Province of Georgia, resulting in a victory for the British. Part of the War of Jenkins' Ear, the battle was for the British fortifications of Fort Frederica and Fort St. Simons, with the strategic goal the sea routes and inland waters they controlled. With the victory, the Province of Georgia established undisputed claim to the island. The British also won the Battle of Gully Hole Creek, which took place on the island the same day.
Malacca Botanical Garden
Malacca Botanical Garden (Malay: Taman Botanikal Melaka) is a botanical garden located in Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia. It was established in April 1984 as Ayer Keroh Recreational Forest, and got its present name on 1 June 2006. Recreational facilities here include the Malacca Forestry Museum, Malaysia Book Village, Prehistoric Garden, the Storyland, children's playgrounds, the Orang Asli Park, Deer Park, suspension bridge, watch towers and beautiful picnic spots. It spans over 359 hectares and as much as 10 hectares is used for a camping spot.

Several attractions are located at the fringes of this park: the Aborigines Museum to the South, the Malacca Bird Park and the Melaka Wonderland Theme Park to the West and the Malacca Zoo to the East.

Melaka Wonderland
Melaka Wonderland, officially known as the Melaka Wonderland Theme Park & Resort, is a 9.2-hectares wide water theme park and resort in Ayer Keroh, Malacca, Malaysia which features 16 attractions. It was officiated by Malacca Chief Minister Mohd Ali Rustam on 15 May 2010. This theme park is located south of the Malacca Bird Park and west of the Malacca Botanical Garden.
Absolute Boyfriend
Absolute Boyfriend (Japanese: 絶対彼氏。, Hepburn: Zettai Kareshi) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Yuu Watase, first serialized in Shōjo Comic. Chuang Yi licensed it for an English release in Singapore, with the first volume released in March 2005. Viz Media licensed the series for an English release in North America, serializing the series in its Shojo Beat manga anthology as well as releasing the volumes.

The manga series was adapted into an 11-episode live-action drama series that aired in Japan in 2008. A 13-episode Taiwanese adaption aired in 2012, and a 40-episode South Korean adaptation aired in 2019 under the title My Absolute Boyfriend.

Absolute Boyfriend (Japanese TV series)
Absolute Boyfriend (絶対彼氏 〜完全無欠の恋人ロボット〜, Zettai Kareshi: Kanzen Muketsu no Koibito Robotto; lit. "Absolute boyfriend: Completely flawless lover robot") is a Japanese romantic comedy television drama series based on the original manga by Yuu Watase.
XXVI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)
The XXVI Army Corps (German: XXVI. Armeekorps) was a Wehrmacht army corps during World War II. It existed from 1939 to 1945. It was also known as Corps Wodrig (German: Korps Wodrig) during the Invasion of Poland.

LIV Army Corps
The LIV Army Corps (German: LIV. Armeekorps) was a Wehrmacht army corps during World War II. It was formed in June 1941. After February 1944, it was upgraded to a command equivalent in rank but not in name to an army, something that the Wehrmacht dubbed an army detachment. It operated under the following names:

Under its initial name LIV Army Corps, it was active between June 1941 and February 1944.

It was renamed Army Detachment Narva (German: Armeeabteilung Narwa) on 2 February 1944.

It was again renamed and became Army Detachment Grasser (German: Armeeabteilung Grasser) on 25 September 1944.

It was redesignated again in October 1944, becoming Army Detachment Kleffel (German: Armeeabteilung Kleffel).

The officer staff of Army Detachment Kleffel was dissolved and its personnel used to form a full-fledge army-level command, the 25th Army, on 10 November 1944.
Lady Kinnaird (1877)
Lady Kinnaird was a three masted barque which was built in 1877 at Dundee, Scotland by Brown & Simpson for W.B. Ritchie. She operated between the United Kingdom and the Australian colonies.  She was lost after running aground in Spencer Gulf south of Cape Burr on the east coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia early on 21 January 1880.  Her main anchor was recovered from her wreck site in 1979 and was placed on display in the nearby town of Port Neill in January 1880 as part of the commemoration of the centenary of her loss.

Cape Burr
Cape Burr is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia on the east coast of Eyre Peninsula in the gazetted locality of  Port Neill about 0.5 kilometres (0.31 miles) east of the locality's town centre.  It is the southern extremity of Dutton Bay.

The cape is one of several geographical features named during the first land-based European exploration of the eastern coast of Eyre Peninsula in 1840 by George Gawler, the Governor of South Australia. It was named after Thomas Burr, the Deputy Surveyor General of South Australia, who was one of those in the party accompanying Gawler.
1940 Alberta general election
The 1940 Alberta general election was held on March 21, 1940, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

Despite its failure to implement its key policy, providing prosperity certificates to all Albertans, the Social Credit Party of Premier William Aberhart won a second term in government. Nevertheless, it lost eleven seats that it had won in the 1935 landslide.

This provincial election, like the previous three, saw district-level proportional representation (Single transferable voting) used to elect the MLAs of Edmonton and Calgary. City-wide districts were used to elect multiple MLAs in the cities. All the other MLAs were elected in single-member districts through Instant-runoff voting.

United Farmers of Alberta
The United Farmers of Alberta (UFA) is an association of Alberta farmers that has served different roles in its 100-year history – as a lobby group, a successful political party, and as a farm-supply retail chain. As a political party, it formed the government of Alberta from 1921 to 1935.

Since 1935, it has primarily been an agricultural supply cooperative headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. As of 2019, UFA operates 34 farm and ranch supply stores in Alberta and over 110 fuel stations in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Norwich, Vermont
Norwich is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. The population was 3,612 at the 2020 census. Home to some of the state of Vermont's wealthiest residents, the municipality is a commuter town for nearby Hanover, New Hampshire across the Connecticut River. The town is part of the Dresden School District, the first interstate school district in the United States, signed into law by President John F. Kennedy. The town contains the Norwich Mid-Century Modern Historic District.

Norwich Mid-Century Modern Historic District
The Norwich Mid-Century Modern Historic District encompasses a concentrated collection of Mid-Century Modern houses in Norwich, Vermont. Located on parts of Hopson, Pine Tree, and Spring Pond Roads, it is one of best collections of this type in the state. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.
Chami, Mauritania
Chami (Arabic: شامي‎) is a planned city in the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region of Mauritania. Due to the gold mining in the region, the city is known as the "capital of gold" of Mauritania. It has around 4,214 inhabitants (2023 census), of whom 2,941 were male and 1,273 were female.

Dakhlet Nouadhibou region
Dakhlet Nouadhibou region (Arabic: ولاية داخلة نواذيبو, romanized: wilāyat dāxlet nwaḏību, lit. 'Nouadhibou Peninsula Region') is an administrative division of Mauritania. Its regional capital is Nouadhibou, which is located at its northwestern end and is home to nearly 95% of the region's population. The rest of the shoreline is sparsely populated with villages, but the east of the region is mostly uninhabited.