hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elmira Heights Central School District
Elmira Heights Central School District is a school district in Elmira Heights, New York.

The district, in Chemung County, includes Elmira Heights and a portion of the West Elmira census-designated place, along with a small piece of the Big Flats CDP. The following towns have portions covered by this school district: Big Flats, Elmira, and Horseheads.

Elmira Heights, New York
Elmira Heights is a village in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 4,097 at the 2010 census. The village is primarily within the town of Horseheads, but part of the village is in the town of Elmira. The village is a northern suburb of the city of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area.
University for Continuing Education Krems
The University for Continuing Education Krems (German: Universität für Weiterbildung Krems) is an Austrian university specializing in further education for working professionals. It is located in Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria.

Krems an der Donau
Krems an der Donau (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈkrɛms an deːɐ̯ ˈdoːnaʊ], lit. 'Krems on the Danube') is a city in Lower Austria, Austria. With a population of 24,821, it is the 20th-largest city of Austria and fifth-largest of Lower Austria. It is approximately 70 kilometres (43 miles) west of Vienna. Krems is a city with its own statute (or Statutarstadt), and therefore it is both a municipality and a district.
Community matrix
In mathematical biology, the community matrix is the linearization of a generalized Lotka–Volterra equation at an equilibrium point. The eigenvalues of the community matrix determine the stability of the equilibrium point.

For example, the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model is

where x(t) denotes the number of prey, y(t) the number of predators, and α, β, γ and δ are constants. By the Hartman–Grobman theorem the non-linear system is topologically equivalent to a linearization of the system about an equilibrium point (x*, y*), which has the form

where u = x − x* and v = y − y*. In mathematical biology, the Jacobian matrix  evaluated at the equilibrium point (x*, y*) is called the community matrix. By the stable manifold theorem, if one or both eigenvalues of  have positive real part then the equilibrium is unstable, but if all eigenvalues have negative real part then it is stable.

Generalized Lotka–Volterra equation
The generalized Lotka–Volterra equations are a set of equations which are more general than either the competitive or predator–prey examples of Lotka–Volterra types. They can be used to model direct competition and trophic relationships between an arbitrary number of species.  Their dynamics can be analysed analytically to some extent.  This makes them useful as a theoretical tool for modeling food webs.  However, they lack features of other ecological models such as predator preference and nonlinear functional responses, and they cannot be used to model mutualism without allowing indefinite population growth.

The generalised Lotka-Volterra equations model the dynamics of the populations  of  biological species.  Together, these populations can be considered as a vector .  They are a set of ordinary differential equations given by

where the vector  is given by

where  is a vector and  is a matrix known as the interaction matrix.
1955 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1955 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 23rd 24 Hours of Le Mans and took place on 11 and 12 June 1955 on Circuit de la Sarthe. It was also the fourth round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. During the race, a crash killed driver Pierre Levegh and at least 81 spectators while injuring at least 120 others, making it the deadliest accident in motor racing history.

Briggs Cunningham
Briggs Swift Cunningham II (January 19, 1907 – July 2, 2003) was an American entrepreneur and sportsman. He is best known for skippering the yacht Columbia to victory in the 1958 America's Cup race, and for his efforts as a driver, team owner, and constructor in sports car racing, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Ultimate Big Brother
Ultimate Big Brother is an all-star edition of the Big Brother series featuring memorable housemates from previous series of Big Brother, and Celebrity Big Brother. A 24-hour live streaming service was also available via the Big Brother website as a fee-based service. The series ended with Brian Dowling winning the title of the "Ultimate Housemate" and the words "Big Brother will get back to you".

Ultimate Big Brother was the final series of the British reality television programme Big Brother to air on Channel 4. The series was produced by Remarkable Pictures, a division of Endemol.

Nadia Almada
Nádia Conceição Almada (born 28 January 1977) is a Portuguese-born, English reality television star and media personality. She is best known for winning the fifth series of Big Brother UK, being the first transgender contestant to do so.
Cadlina
Cadlina is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks historically classified in the family Chromodorididae. Recent research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. The family Cadlinidae also includes the genus Aldisa Bergh, 1878.

Cadlinidae
Cadlinidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.

Molecular phylogenetic studies and their taxon-sampling schemes can have a strong influence of the resulting phylogeny. Research by R.F. Johnson in 2011 has shown that Cadlina does not belong to the family Chromodorididae. She has therefore brought back the name Cadlinidae from synonymy with Chromodorididae. She also included the genus Aldisa Bergh, 1878 in the family Cadlinidae.
St. Charles North High School
Saint Charles North (SCN) High School is a public four-year high school, located in St. Charles, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Community Unit School District 303 which also includes Saint Charles East High School.

St. Charles, Illinois
St. Charles or Saint Charles is a city in Kane and DuPage Counties, Illinois, United States. The population was 33,081 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 33,482 in 2024. It lies roughly 35 miles west of Chicago on Illinois Route 64. The official city slogan is "Pride of the Fox", after the Fox River that runs through the center of town. St. Charles is part of a tri-city area along with Geneva and Batavia, all western Chicago suburbs of similar size and socioeconomic condition.
Paris–Harrington theorem
In mathematical logic, the Paris–Harrington theorem states that a certain claim in Ramsey theory, namely the strengthened finite Ramsey theorem, which is expressible in Peano arithmetic, is not provable in this system. That Ramsey-theoretic claim is, however, provable in slightly stronger systems.

This result has been described by some (such as the editor of the Handbook of Mathematical Logic in the references below) as the first "natural" example of a true statement about the integers that could be stated in the language of arithmetic, but not proved in Peano arithmetic; it was already known that such statements existed by Gödel's first incompleteness theorem. Some authors, such as Rathjenp. 4 and Kripkep. 5, consider Gentzen's theorem an earlier example and work of Reuben Goodstein deserving some credit.

Leo Harrington
Leo Anthony Harrington (born May 17, 1946) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley who works in computability theory, model theory, and set theory.

His notable results include proving the Paris–Harrington theorem along with Jeff Paris,
showing that if the axiom of determinacy holds for all analytic sets then x# exists for all reals x,
and proving with Saharon Shelah that the first-order theory of the partially ordered set of computably enumerable Turing degrees is undecidable.
British Independent Film Award for Best International Independent Film
The British Independent Film Award for Best International Independent Film is an annual award given by the British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) to recognize the best international independent films. The award was first presented in the 1998 ceremony.

From 1998 to 2002, two categories named Best Foreign Independent Film – English Language and Best Foreign Independent Film – Foreign Language were presented, in 2003 both categories were merged into the current category.

In 2012 the category was renamed to its current name, previously the category was named Best Foreign Independent Film.

British Independent Film Awards
The British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) is an organisation that celebrates, supports, and promotes British independent cinema and film-making talent in the United Kingdom. Nominations for the annual awards ceremony are announced in early November, with the ceremony itself taking place in early December.

Since 2015, BIFA has also hosted UK-wide talent development and film screening programmes, with the support of Creative Skillset and the  British Film Institute.
SD Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies
Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (SDD-UBIDS) Which has recently been changed to University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (UBIDS) is a public university located in Wa Upper West Region of Ghana. The university was formerly known as the Wa Campus of the University for Development Studies and the government made this campus into its own autonomous university. The university was established in 2019 under Act 1001 of the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana. It was established to provide opportunities for the people in the Upper West Region to access university education.

Wa, Ghana
Wa is a town and the capital of the Wa Metropolitan Assembly and the Upper West Region of Ghana. It has a population of 200,672 people according to the 2021 census.

The town is a transportation hub for the Upper West region, with major roads leading north to Hamile, and northeast to Tumu and the Upper East Region. There is also a small airport, named the Wa Airport.
Tambov State Technical University
Tambov State Technical University is a state institution of higher learning in  Tambov, Russia. It was founded in 1958 and specializes in technical sciences (including information  and  communication  technologies) and chemical, electronic, and agricultural engineering.

Tambov
Tambov (UK: /tæmˈbɒf/ tam-BOF, US: /tɑːmˈbɔːf, -ˈbɔːv/ tahm-BAWF, -⁠BAWV; Russian: Тамбов, IPA: [tɐmˈbof]) is a city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, central Russia, at the confluence of the Tsna and Studenets rivers, about 418 km (260 mi) south-southeast of Moscow. With a population of 261,803 as of 2021, Tambov is the largest city, and historical center, of the Tambov Oblast as a whole.
Rice Memorial High School
Rice Memorial High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary and college preparatory school in South Burlington, Vermont. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington. The student body is mostly drawn from Northern and Central Vermont but includes other students including international students. The school and buildings were named for Bishop Joseph Rice who had established Cathedral High School in 1917.

Diocese of Burlington
The Diocese of Burlington (Latin: Dioecesis Burlingtonensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for Vermont in the United States, erected in 1853. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Boston. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Burlington.
Break the Line
"Break the Line" is a 2004 song by the Guano Apes from their greatest hits album Planet of the Apes, released on October 24, 2004. It was one of the three new songs recorded for the album, however it was the only one that made it to the album, the two outtakes from the album "Stay" and "Underwear" instead became B-sides for the single. The music video shows the band performing in a room plus with some elements of split screen. It was the last single by the Guano Apes before their four-year hiatus beginning in 2005; their next single "Oh What a Night" was released in 2011.

Oh What a Night (Guano Apes song)
"Oh What a Night" is a 2011 song by the Guano Apes and the first single from their fourth album, Bel Air. It was their first single released in seven years, following Break the Line in 2004. Oh What a Night was released on 18 March 2011 and peaked at No. 37 in Germany. AllMusic gave the song 3½ out of 5 stars. A music video was released on YouTube on 7 March 2011 and reached over 1 million views by 6 July. The video features the band playing in the city of Dubai as a solar eclipse occurs.
Preparatory school (United Kingdom)
A preparatory school (or, shortened: prep school) in the United Kingdom is a fee-charging private primary school that caters for children up to approximately the age of 13.  The term "preparatory school" is used as it prepares the children for the Common Entrance Examination in order to secure a place at an independent secondary school, typically one of the English public schools.  They are also preferred by some parents in the hope of getting their child into a state selective grammar school. Most prep schools are inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate, which is overseen by Ofsted on behalf of the Department for Education.

Common Entrance Examination
Common Entrance Examinations (commonly known as CE) are taken by independent school pupils in the UK as part of the selective admissions process at age 13, though ten independent schools do select at 11 using different test papers. They are set by the Independent Schools Examinations Board. Most of the secondary schools that use Common Entrance for admission are public schools; most of the schools that routinely prepare their pupils for Common Entrance are preparatory schools. Both kinds of schools are normally fee-paying, that is, they are particular kinds of private schools. The examination papers are prepared by the board, but the scripts are marked by the schools concerned; and all other aspects of the admissions process are handled independently by each school.
Ænes
Ænes is a village in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southeastern shore of the Hardangerfjorden at the mouth of the Maurangsfjorden. Ænes Church is located in the village. There has been a church located here since the Middle Ages.

The village sits at the northern end of the small Ænesdalen valley, through which the river Æneselva runs. The border for Folgefonna National Park lies at the southern end of the valley, just a few kilometers south of Ænes.

Ænes Church
Ænes Church (Norwegian: Ænes kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Ænes. It is the church for the Ænes parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1200 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 120 people.
Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations
The Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations (FIPPA) (International Pitch and Putt Federation and European Pitch and Putt Federation) is one of the governing bodies for the pitch and putt in the world, along with the International Pitch and Putt Association (IPPA). It was created in March 2006 by the representatives of 17 national governing bodies and is based in Barcelona, Catalonia.

Members include the pitch and putt unions of Ireland, Great Britain, Catalonia, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Australia, Chile, Andorra, Germany and the United States. Canada and China are associated members.

Pitch and putt
Pitch and putt is an amateur sport very similar to, and derived from, golf, where the hole length is typically up to 90 metres (100 yd) and just 2–3 clubs are normally used. The game was organised and developed in Ireland during the early 20th century, before expanding through the 1940s, and is now played in dozens of countries.
Regina Reyes Mandanas
Regina Ongsiako Reyes-Mandanas (July 3, 1964 – May 5, 2022) was a Filipina politician who served as the Representative of Marinduque's lone district from 2013 to 2016. She was also the wife of Batangas governor Hermilando Mandanas. Her parents were former Bureau of Immigration commissioner Edmundo Reyes Sr. and Marinduque governor Carmencita O. Reyes.

Hermilando Mandanas
Hermilando Ingco "Dodo" Mandanas (born March 25, 1944) is a Filipino politician who has served as vice governor of Batangas since 2025. Mandanas previously served as governor from 1995 to 2004 and from 2016 to 2025. He served as a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the second district of Batangas from 2004 until 2013.
Virapulla
Virapulla is a traditional Swedish container designed to hold poker chips or tokens used in the card game Vira. Typically round and lidded, the virapulla often features separate compartments for each player and a reversible lid that can serve as a central pot. The name combines Vira, the name of the game, with pulla, a Swedish word derived from the French poulan, meaning a gaming bowl. While originally associated with porcelain or metal constructions, modern versions can be made from plastic or other materials. Though once a common household item in Sweden, virapullas today are primarily of interest to collectors and enthusiasts of traditional card games.

Vira (card game)
Vira, or Wira, is a traditional Swedish card game for three players that game designer Dan Glimne has called "Sweden's national card game". It is the most elaborate game of the Solo family that includes Solo Whist and Préférence and is "one of the most complex games ever designed".
Word ladder
Word ladder is a word game invented by Lewis Carroll. A word ladder puzzle begins with two words, and to solve the puzzle one must find a chain of other words to link the two, in which two adjacent words (that is, words in successive steps) differ by exactly one letter.

Word game
Word games are spoken, board, card or video games often designed to test ability with language or to explore its properties.

Word games are generally used as a source of entertainment, but can additionally serve an educational purpose. Young children may enjoy playing games such as Mad Libs Junior, while developing spelling and writing skills. Researchers have found that adults who regularly solved crossword puzzles, which require familiarity with a larger vocabulary, had better brain function later in life.

Popular word-based game shows have been a part of television and radio throughout broadcast history, including Spelling Bee, the first televised game show, and Wheel of Fortune, the longest-running syndicated game show in the United States.
Achilles Alferaki
Achilles Nikolayevich Alferaki (Russian: Ахиллес Николаевич Алфераки; 3 July 1846 – 27 December 1919) was a Russian composer and politician of Greek descent. His brother was Sergei Alphéraky. He served as the mayor of Taganrog from 1880 to 1888.

Alferaki Palace
Alferaki Palace is a museum in Taganrog, Russia, originally the home of the wealthy merchant Nikolay Alferaki. It was built in 1848 by the architect Andrei Stackenschneider on Frunze Street (formerly Katolicheskaya), in downtown Taganrog.
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (26 July 1791 – 29 July 1844), also known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Jr., was the youngest child of six born to composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his wife Constanze and the younger of his parents' two surviving children. He was a composer, pianist, conductor, and teacher of the late classical period whose musical style was of an early Romanticism, heavily influenced by his father's mature style. He knew Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann, both of whom held him in high esteem.

Constanze Mozart
Maria Constanze Cäcilia Josepha Johanna Aloysia Mozart (née Weber, Austrian German: [kɔnˈstantsə ˈmoːtsart ˈveːbɐ]; 5 January 1762 – 6 March 1842) was a German soprano, later a businesswoman. She is best remembered as the spouse of the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who from the evidence of his letters was deeply in love with her throughout their nine-year marriage. Following her husband's sudden death in 1791, Constanze Mozart escaped poverty and supported her family through concertizing and promotion of her husband's memory; she was responsible in part for the extensive posthumous publication of her husband's works. Constanze is also regarded, less positively, as a source of mythology concerning her husband's life, deriving in part from the biography she jointly wrote with her second husband, Georg Nikolaus von Nissen.
Fenris Wolf (Marvel Comics)
The Fenris Wolf is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, based on the wolf Fenrir from Norse mythology.

Fenris, depicted as female, made her live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Thor: Ragnarok (2017). Alternate versions of Fenris appear in the animated series What If... ? (2023).

Asgard (comics)
Asgard is a fictional realm and its capital city appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, the realm first appeared in Journey into Mystery #85 (October 1962). Based on the realm of the same name from Germanic mythology (particularly Norse), Asgard is home to the Asgardians and other beings adapted from Norse mythology. It features prominently in stories that follow the Marvel Comics superhero Thor.

Asgard has appeared in comics and various media adaptations, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Thor (2011), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and the Disney+ series Loki (2021). Eventually, Asgard was relocated to Earth in Norway and appeared in Avengers: Endgame and Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
Impfondo
Impfondo is a town and a commune in the northeastern Republic of the Congo lying on the Oubangui River. It is home to an airport and is linked by river barge to Brazzaville and to Bangui. It is the administrative centre of the Likouala Department and the Impfondo District.

Brazzaville
Brazzaville (French pronunciation: [bʁazavil]) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of the Congo. Administratively, it is a department and a commune. Constituting the financial and administrative centre of the country, it is located on the north side of the Congo River, opposite Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo).

The population of the capital is estimated to exceed 2.1 million residents, comprising more than a third of the national populace. Some 40% are employed in non-agricultural professions. During World War II, Brazzaville served as the de facto capital of Free France between 1940 and 1942.

In 2013, Brazzaville was designated a City of Music by UNESCO; since then it has also been a member of the Creative Cities Network.
General of the Infantry (Russian Empire)
General of the Infantry (Russian: генера́л от инфанте́рии) was a general of the branch rank in the Imperial Russian Army (today comparable to OF-8 rank level). It served as the rank below General-feldmarshal (Russian: генерал-фельдмаршал), and was the highest rank one could achieve in the infantry from 1796 to 1917.

General of the branch
A general of the branch, general of the branch of service or general of the ... (where instead of the ellipsis an appropriate name of the military branch is being put) is a three or four-star general officer rank in some armies. Several nations divide — or used to divide — their senior general officer ranks by the branch of troops they are qualified to command, or simply as an honorific title.