hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abu Taur of Huesca
Abu Tawr (Arabic: أبو ثور) was wali of Washka, a Muslim nobleman, perhaps member of the Banu Salama (Arabic: بني سلمة) clan. Alternatively, it has been suggested that he may be the individual Al-Andalus genealogist Ibn Hazm named as Abu Tawr ibn Qasi, son of the eponymous ancestor of the powerful Muwallad Banu Qasis.

At the imperial diet of Paderborn, he joined with Sulayman al-Arabi, the wali of Barcelona, and Husayn, wali of Zaragoza, in offering of their domains to Charlemagne in exchange for military aid in a new revolt against Emir Abd ar-Rahman I, with the aim of reinstating Abbasid power in Al-Andalus. Charlemagne marched an army and took possession of Barcelona and Washka in 778, but Huseyn reneged and following an unsuccessful assault on Zaragoza, the alliance ended in failure with the Frankish withdrawal and defeat at Roncesvaux.

In 790 he proposed an alliance with Louis the Pious.

Banu Qasi
The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi (Arabic: بني قسي or بنو قسي, meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius"), Banu Musa, or al-Qasawi were a Muladí (local convert) dynasty that in the 9th century ruled the Upper March, a frontier territory of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, located on the upper Ebro Valley. At their height in the 850s, family head Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi was so powerful and autonomous that he would be called 'The Third Monarch of Hispania'. In the first half of the 10th century, an intra-family succession squabble, rebellions and rivalries with competing families, in the face of vigorous monarchs to the north and south, led to the sequential loss of all of their land.
Fontana Greca
40°3′22.08″N 17°58′51.78″E﻿ / ﻿40.0561333°N 17.9810500°E﻿ / 40.0561333; 17.9810500

The Fontana Greca ("Greek Fountain") is a fountain located in Gallipoli in the province of Lecce, in Apulia, southern Italy.

Gallipoli, Apulia
Gallipoli (Italian: [ɡalˈliːpoli]; Salentino: Caḍḍìpuli [kaɖˈɖiːpʊlɪ]; Ancient Greek: Καλλίπολις, romanized: Kallípolis, lit. 'Beautiful City') is a southern Italian town and comune in the province of Lecce, in Apulia. In 2014, it had a population of 31,862 and is one of the towns where the Greek dialect Griko is spoken.
Bonk Business
Bonk Business Inc. is a fictional corporation created by Finnish artist and sculptor Alvar Gullichsen. The "products of Bonk Business" are absurd machines, such as the paranormal cannon, that have no apparent use, and which are built by Gullichsen. The story is that Bonk machines are powered by anchovy oil. The works parody corporate and marketing cliches in a retrofuturistic style.

In Uusikaupunki, there is a Bonk museum, where Bonk machines are displayed.

Retrofuturism
Retrofuturism (adjective retrofuturistic, retrofuturist, or retrofuture) is a movement in the creative arts emphasizing and harking back to depictions of the future as produced in earlier eras. If futurism is an artistic movement anticipating upcoming technological advancements, retrofuturism is the remembering of that anticipation. Characterized by a blend of old-fashioned "retro styles" with futuristic technology, retrofuturism explores the themes of tension between past and future, and between the alienating and empowering effects of technology. Primarily reflected in artistic creations and modified technologies that realize the imagined artifacts of its parallel reality, retrofuturism can be seen as "an animating perspective on the world".

Retrofuturism became especially prevalent in the early 2020s in terms of culture, transport, architecture, and entertainment.
Amitai Regev
Amitai Regev (Hebrew: אמיתי רגב; born December 7, 1940) is an Israeli mathematician, known for his work in ring theory.

He is the Herman P. Taubman Professor of Mathematics at the Weizmann Institute of Science.  He received his doctorate from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1972, under the direction of Shimshon Amitsur.

Regev has made significant contributions to the theory of polynomial identity rings (PI rings).  In particular, he proved Regev's theorem that the tensor product of two PI rings is again a PI ring.  He developed so-called "Regev theory" that connects PI rings to representations of the symmetric group, and hence to Young tableaux. He has made seminal contributions to the asymptotic enumeration of Young tableaux and tableaux of hook shape, and together with William  Beckner proved the Macdonald-Selberg conjecture for the infinite Lie algebras of type B, C, and D.

Shimshon Amitsur
Shimshon Avraham Amitsur (born Kaplan; Hebrew: שמשון אברהם עמיצור; August 26, 1921 – September 5, 1994) was an Israeli mathematician. He is best known for his work in ring theory, in particular PI rings,  an area of abstract algebra.
Nikita Bochkov
Nikita Mikhailovich Bochkov (Russian: Никита Михайлович Бочков; born 16 May 1991) is a Russian pair skater who currently represents Belarus with partner Maria Paliakova. With former partner Kristina Astakhova, he placed seventh at the 2011 World Junior Championships.

Kristina Astakhova
Kristina Andreyevna Astakhova (Russian: Кристина Андреевна Астахова; born 25 February 1997) is a Russian former pair skater. With partner Alexei Rogonov, she is the 2015 Winter Universiade silver medalist.
Laba (river)
The Laba (Russian: Лаба; Circassian: Лабэжъ Labez̄) is a river in Krasnodar Krai and Adygea of European Russia. It is a left tributary of the Kuban, which it joins at Ust-Labinsk. It is formed by the confluence of the Bolshaya Laba and the Malaya Laba (Малая Лаба; Лабэжьый Labez̄yj). It is used for irrigation and log driving. It is also suitable for rafting. It is 214 kilometres (133 mi) long (347 kilometres (216 mi) including the Bolshaya Laba), and has a drainage basin of 12,500 square kilometres (4,800 sq mi).

Its main tributaries are, from source to mouth, Malaya Laba (left), Khodz (left), Chokhrak (left), Chamlyk (right), Fars (left), Ulka (left), Giaga (left) and Psenafa (left).

Chokhrak
The Chokhrak (Russian: Чохрак) is a river of southwest Russia, a left tributary of the Laba. It flows through the Republic of Adygea. It is 84 kilometres (52 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 601 square kilometres (232 sq mi).
Redditch railway station
Redditch railway station serves the town of Redditch, North Worcestershire, England. It is the southern terminus of the Cross-City Line 14.5 miles (23 km) south of Birmingham New Street. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by West Midlands Trains. Redditch station sits at the end of a single track branch line from Barnt Green which forms part of the Cross-City Line. The line used to continue south to Ashchurch and also Evesham but this was closed in the 1960s.

Redditch
Redditch is a town and non-metropolitan district with borough status in Worcestershire, England. In 2021, the town had a population of 81,637 and the district had a population of 87,037. In the 1800s, it became a centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry; by the end of the century,
90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its surrounding areas.

In the 1960s, it became part of the new town planning movement which included it expanding into neighbouring villages and hamlets surrounding the town. It is the second largest settlement in Worcestershire, after Worcester.
Reproductive immunology
Reproductive immunology refers to a field of medicine that studies interactions (or the absence of them) between the immune system and components related to the reproductive system, such as maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus, or immunological interactions across the blood-testis barrier. The concept has been used by fertility clinics to explain fertility problems, recurrent miscarriages and pregnancy complications observed when this state of immunological tolerance is not successfully achieved. Immunological therapy is a method for treating many cases of previously unexplained infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Immune tolerance in pregnancy
Immune tolerance in pregnancy or maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. This tolerance counters the immune response that would normally result in the rejection of something foreign in the body, as can happen in cases of spontaneous abortion. It is studied within the field of reproductive immunology.
Iceland at the Olympics
Athletes from Iceland first participated at the Olympic Games in 1908.

The National Olympic Committee was created in 1921 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1935.
After 1936, Iceland has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since.
Iceland has also participated in all but one edition of the Winter Olympic Games since 1948, missing only the 1972 Winter Games.

Icelandic athletes have won a total of four medals, two in athletics, one in judo and one in handball.

National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland
The National Olympic and Sports Association of Iceland (Icelandic: Íþrótta- og Ólympíusamband Íslands, ÍSÍ; IOC Code: ISL) is the National Olympic Committee representing Iceland, and the highest authority for sporting activity in the country. The main tasks of the ÍSÍ are to promote, coordinate and organize sporting activities in Iceland, as well as to promote the development of sport, as well as public sport events. The ÍSÍ has organized many popular public annual sporting events such as marathons and cycle to work schemes.
Ai (chimpanzee)
Ai (Japanese: アイ; c. 1976 – January 9, 2026) was a female western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus), who lived at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University (acronym KUPRI). She was the first subject of the Ai project, a research program started in 1978 by Kiyoko Murofushi and Tetsuro Matsuzawa aimed at understanding chimpanzee cognition through computer interface experiments.

Great ape language
Great ape language research historically involved attempts to teach chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans to communicate using imitative human speech, sign language, physical tokens and computerized lexigrams. These studies were controversial, with debate focused on the definition of language, the welfare of test subjects, and the anthropocentric nature of this line of inquiry.

The consensus among linguists remains that human language is unique.

Contemporary research has steered away from attempting to teach apes human language and focuses instead on observing apes' intraspecies communication in zoos and natural habitats. This includes gestures, facial expressions, and vocalizations.
Beveridge, Victoria
Beveridge is a town in Victoria, Australia, 37 km (23 mi) north of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Whittlesea and the Shire of Mitchell local government areas. Beveridge recorded a population of 4,642 at the 2021 census.

Donnybrook railway station
Donnybrook railway station is a regional railway station on the Tocumwal line. It serves the northern suburb of the same name, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Donnybrook is a ground-level unstaffed station, with two side platforms. It opened on 14 October 1872, and the current station was provided in 2020.
Paraná Basin
The Paraná Basin (Portuguese: Bacia do Paraná, Spanish: Cuenca del Paraná) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America. About 75% of its areal distribution occurs in Brazil, from Mato Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul states. The remainder area is distributed in eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina and northern Uruguay. The shape of the depression is roughly elliptical and covers an area of about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi).

The Paraná River, from which the Paraná Basin derived its name, flows along the central axis of the Paraná Basin and drains it.

Israel C. White
Israel Charles White (November 1, 1848 – November 24, 1927) was an internationally renowned geologist and professor. He was the first state geologist of West Virginia and made significant contributions to the field of geology.
Pontifical High Mass
A Pontifical High Mass, also called Solemn Pontifical Mass, is a Solemn or High Mass celebrated by a bishop using certain prescribed ceremonies. Although in modern English the word pontifical is almost exclusively associated with the pope, any bishop may be properly called a pontiff. Thus, the celebrant of a Pontifical High Mass may be the pope, any bishop or any other prelate who is allowed to wear pontificals.

Pontiff
In Roman antiquity, a pontiff (from Latin  pontifex) was a member of the most illustrious of the colleges of priests of the Roman religion, the College of Pontiffs. The term pontiff was later applied to any high or chief priest and, in Roman Catholic ecclesiastical usage, to bishops, especially the pope, who is sometimes referred to as the Roman pontiff or the supreme pontiff.
Mount Giluwe
Mount Giluwe is the second highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at 4,367 metres (14,327 ft) (Mount Wilhelm being the highest), and the fifth highest peak on the island of New Guinea. It is located in the Southern Highlands province and is an old shield volcano with vast alpine grasslands. Ancient volcanic plugs form its two summits, with the central peak the highest and the west peak about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away at 4,300 m (14,108 ft).  Giluwe has the distinction of being the highest volcano on the Australian continent and Oceania, and is thus one of the Volcanic Seven Summits.

Southern Highlands Province
Southern Highlands is a province in Papua New Guinea. Its provincial capital is the town of Mendi. According to Papua New Guinea's national 2021 census, the total population of Southern Highlands province is 927,306.
Loasa
Loasa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Loasaceae. The genus contains about 100 species native to Central and South America. of which Loasa vulcanica is perhaps the best known.  Species of Loasa are prickly herbs or shrubs that have nettle-like stinging hairs. Some species of Loasa are grown as ornamental plants and are known as Chile nettle. Its flowers have five yellow petals covering united stamens and distinctive large coloured nectaries. Caiophora is a closely related genus that also has stinging hairs and is found on rocky slopes of the Andes.

Loasaceae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees. Members of the subfamily Loasoideae are known to exhibit rapid thigmonastic stamen movement when pollinators are present.
Magnetic Hill Zoo
The Magnetic Hill Zoo (French: le Zoo de Magnetic Hill, formerly the Magnetic Hill Game Farm) is a 16-hectare (40-acre) zoo located inside the Magnetic Hill Park, in Moncton, New Brunswick.  This park also features the Magnetic Hill, Magic Mountain and the Wharf Village. The zoo has over 400 animals, making it the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada. In 2008, the zoo was rated fourth on a list of Canada's top ten zoos.

The zoo has been an accredited member of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA) since 1993.

Magnetic Hill (Moncton)
The Magnetic Hill is a Canadian gravity hill, a type of optical illusion created by rising and descending terrain. It is located at the northwestern edge of the city of Moncton in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

The general area is at the base of a ridge named "Lutes Mountain", which rises several hundred feet above the surrounding Petitcodiac River valley.
Meryl Fernandes
Meryl Glynis Fernandes (born 1983) is an English actress and presenter. She played Afia Masood, a love interest for Tamwar Masood (Himesh Patel) in the BBC soap opera EastEnders, originally making a guest appearance between 29 December 2009 and 5 January 2010. She returned to the role of Afia, on 18 November 2010, this time as a regular character. She departed EastEnders on 7 June 2012.

Himesh Patel
Himesh Jitendra Patel (born 13 October 1990) is a British Indian actor. He began his career portraying Tamwar Masood in the BBC soap opera EastEnders (2007–2016).

On television, this was followed by roles in the Channel 4 sitcom Damned (2016–2018) and the HBO miniseries Station Eleven (2021), earning a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie for the latter.

Patel has starred in the films Yesterday (2019), Tenet (2020), Don't Look Up (2021) and Greedy People (2024).
Glasgow Airport Rail Link
The Glasgow Airport Rail Link (GARL) is a proposed link between Glasgow City Centre and Glasgow Airport. The original plans for an airport rail link were proposed during the 2000s to directly link Glasgow Central station with Glasgow Airport in Scotland. The link was intended for completion by 2013 and would have had a service of four trains per hour via Paisley Gilmour Street railway station.

On 17 September 2009 the rail link was cancelled as part of public spending cuts.

In 2014, proposals were in place to resurrect the project dependent on the outcome of the Scottish independence referendum.

In October 2016, plans were resurrected to build a railway link to Glasgow Airport. The journey time of 16.5 minutes has also been proposed. Under current plans the line would be opened in 2025.

In 2019, it was proposed to deliver the project as part of a wider Clyde Metro network, using a new light rail line via Govan.

Paisley St James railway station
Paisley St James railway station is on the Inverclyde Line, serving one of the residential districts of  the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, just west of the town centre. For passengers travelling to the commercial district, Paisley Gilmour Street is the main railway station of Paisley and is located in the heart of Paisley town centre.
There is an ongoing campaign to rename the station "Paisley St Mirren" due to the station's proximity to St Mirren Park, home of St Mirren F.C.
Government of New South Wales
The Government of New South Wales, also known as the NSW Government, is the executive state government of New South Wales, Australia. The government comprises 11 portfolios, led by ministerial departments and supported by several agencies. There are also a number of independent statutory bodies that fall under a portfolio but remain at arms-length for political reasons, such as the Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Electoral Commission. The Executive Council, which consists of the governor and senior ministers, exercises executive authority through the relevant ministerial portfolios.

The current government is held by the New South Wales Labor Party, led by Premier Chris Minns. Minns succeeded Dominic Perrottet of the Liberal Party on 28 March 2023 following that year’s state election.

Opposition (New South Wales)
The Opposition in the Australian state of New South Wales comprises the largest party or coalition of parties not in Government. The Opposition's purpose is to hold the Government to account and constitute a "Government-in-waiting" should the existing Government fall. To that end, a Leader of the Opposition and Shadow Ministers for the various government departments question the Premier and Ministers on Government policy and administration, and formulate the policy the Opposition would pursue in Government. It is sometimes styled "His Majesty's Loyal Opposition" to demonstrate that although it opposes the Government, it remains loyal to the King.

The Leader of the Opposition is currently Liberal Leader Kellie Sloane since 2025.
Weight class (boxing)
In boxing, a weight class is a measurement  weight range for boxers.  The lower limit of a weight class is equal to the upper weight limit of the class below it. The top class, with no upper limit, is called heavyweight in professional boxing and super heavyweight in amateur boxing. A boxing match is usually scheduled for a fixed weight class, and each boxer's weight must not exceed the upper limit. A nonstandard weight limit is called a catchweight.

Boxing at the Summer Olympics
Boxing has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since its introduction to the program at the 1904 Summer Olympics, except for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, because Swedish law banned the sport at the time. The 2008 Summer Olympics were the final games with boxing as a male only event. Since the 2012 Summer Olympics, women's boxing is part of the program.
Articulation of head of rib
The articulations of the heads of the ribs (or costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the costal facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and with the intervertebral discs between them; the first, tenth, eleventh and twelfth ribs each articulate with a single vertebra.

Two convex facets from the head attach to two adjacent vertebrae, at the inferior costal facet of the superior vertebra, and the superior costal facet of the inferior vertebra respectively. This forms the synovial planar (gliding) joint.

The ligaments of the joints are:

Intra-articular ligament of head of rib

Radiate ligament of head of rib

Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (Latin: costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton. In most tetrapods, ribs surround the thoracic cavity, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the thoracic cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other vital organs of the thorax. In some animals, especially snakes, ribs may provide support and protection for the entire body.
MasterChef
MasterChef is a competitive cooking show television format created by Franc Roddam, which originated with the British version in July 1990. The show aims to discover the culinary talent of chefs of varying skill levels, through a series of cooking challenges, watched over by various acclaimed food critics and chefs.

Dave Ross commissioned the show for the BBC and gave it the name; he had already produced Masterteam, a quiz show hosted by Angela Rippon, and worked on the long-running Mastermind, and so the name was a continuation of that. The format was revived and updated for the BBC in February 2005 by executive producers Roddam and John Silver with series producer Karen Ross.

The revived format is sold internationally by Banijay. Its first international adaptation was MasterChef Australia, which began in 2009. The show has since been adapted in several other countries.

Junior MasterChef
Junior MasterChef is a British TV cookery competition, broadcast by the BBC, in which nine to twelve-year-olds compete to be crowned "Junior MasterChef". It is a spin-off from the main British series of MasterChef.

Junior MasterChef first ran from 1994 to 1999, presented by Loyd Grossman. After a long hiatus, it was revived in 2010 in a revamped format, presented by writer and actress Nadia Sawalha, who won the 2007 series of Celebrity MasterChef, and professional chef John Torode, who also presents MasterChef. The revival series was commissioned by CBBC controller Anne Gilchrist and produced by Shine Television and was broadcast on CBBC and BBC One. A further series was commissioned in 2012 for broadcast on CBBC and again in 2014.
Blickling Hall
Blickling Hall is a Jacobean stately home situated in 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of parkland in a loop of the River Bure, near the village of Blickling north of Aylsham in Norfolk, England. The mansion was built on the ruins of a Tudor building for Sir Henry Hobart from 1616 and designed by Robert Lyminge. The library at Blickling Hall contains one of the most historically significant collections of manuscripts and books in England, containing an estimated 13,000 to 14,000 volumes. The core collection was formed by Sir Richard Ellys. The property passed into the care of the National Trust in 1940.

Between 1499 and 1505, the property was in the possession of the Boleyn family.

John Hobart, 1st Earl of Buckinghamshire
John Hobart, 1st Earl of Buckinghamshire, KB, PC (11 October 1693 – 22 September 1756) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1728, when he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hobart.