hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Lake, Atlanta
East Lake is a neighborhood on the east side of Atlanta, Georgia, situated in DeKalb County. It is the easternmost of the 238 neighborhoods in the City of Atlanta. It is home to East Lake Golf Club, the site of PGA's annual Tour Championship. East Lake lies mostly within the 30317 zip code.

Eastside, Atlanta
Eastside refers to the city district comprising the easternmost portion of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The Eastside generally encompasses the area bounded on the west by Midtown Atlanta and Downtown Atlanta and on the east by the city limits. The central corridor of the district is the BeltLine Eastside Trail, which connects northern Eastside neighborhoods with those to the south. The Eastside is known for its nightlife establishments, craftsman architecture, local eateries, and quirky public art.
Trolleybuses in Esslingen am Neckar
The Esslingen am Neckar trolleybus system serves the city of Esslingen am Neckar, in the Land of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Opened on 10 July 1944, the system had two lines, and nine trolleybuses, as at 2011.

Since 2016, IMC electric buses have been put into operation on route number 113.

Esslingen am Neckar
Esslingen am Neckar (German pronunciation: [ˈɛslɪŋən ʔam ˈnɛkaʁ], lit. 'Esslingen on the Neckar'; Alemannic German: Esslenga; until 16 October 1964 officially  Eßlingen am Neckar) is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany, seat of the District of Esslingen. Within Baden-Württemberg it is the 10th largest city.

It is located on the river Neckar, about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southeast of Stuttgart city center. The regions surrounding the city of Esslingen are also mostly developed.

Esslingen is first mentioned in written records in the 8th century. From 1181, it was a Free Imperial City. In 1803, the city lost its independence and was incorporated into the Duchy of Württemberg. Industrialization in the 19th century led to economic growth and significantly shaped the city’s development.

The German Timber-Frame Road passes through the city.
Ikedaya incident
The Ikedaya incident (池田屋事件, Ikedaya jiken), also known as the Ikedaya affair or Ikedaya riot, was an armed encounter between the shishi which included masterless samurai (rōnin) formally employed by the Chōshū, Tosa and Higo domains (han), and the Shinsengumi, the Bakufu's special police force in Kyoto on July 8, 1864, at the Ikedaya Inn in Sanjō-Kawaramachi, Kyoto, Japan.

Kondō Isami
Kondō Isami (近藤 勇; November 9, 1834 – May 17, 1868) was a Japanese swordsman and samurai of the late Edo period. He was the fourth generation master of Tennen Rishin-ryū and was famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi.
HMS Hastings (L27)
HMS Hastings was a Hastings-class sloop of the Royal Navy that saw action in World War II. She was built by HM Dockyard Devonport, laid down on 29 July 1929 and launched on 10 April 1930. She was completed on 26 November 1930 and commissioned that same day by the Honourable Alice Brand. She is the sixth ship to bear the name HMS Hastings. Her pennant number was L27, but changed to U27 in May 1940.

Escort Group
An Escort Group consisted of several small warships organized and trained to operate together protecting trade convoys. Escort groups were a World War II tactical innovation in anti-submarine warfare by the Royal Navy to combat the threat of the Kriegsmarine's "wolfpack" tactics. Early escort groups often contained destroyers, sloops, naval trawlers  and, later, corvettes of differing specifications lacking the ability to maneuver together as a flotilla of similar warships, but rigorously trained in anti-submarine tactics to use teamwork emphasizing the unique sensors, weapons, speed, and turning radius of each ship. The development of these 'escort groups' proved an effective means of defending shipping convoys through the Battle of the Atlantic.
Gio National Forest
The Gio National Forest is a forest area situated in central Nimba County, Liberia. It was established in 1960 and covers an area of about 327 km2.

One of the largest forests in Liberia, located in the southeastern part of the country, is now under threat from locals who are building their farms inside it.

The estimate terrain elevation above sea level is 268 metres.

It is a forest that belongs to the vegetation class V.

Nimba County
Nimba County is a county in northeastern Liberia that shares borders with the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire in the East and the Republic of Guinea in the Northwest. Its capital city is Sanniquellie and its most populous city is Ganta. With the county's area measuring 11,551 square miles (29,920 km2), Nimba is the largest of Liberia's 15 counties. The county has six statutory districts. As of the 2022 Census, it had a population of 621,841, making it the second most populous county in Liberia.

Named after Mount Nimba (Neinbaa Tohn in the Mahn (or Mano) language), which demarcates part of the Guinea-Côte d'Ivoire border, Nimba is also bordered by Bong and Grand Bassa counties to the west, Rivercess County to the southwest, and Grand Gedeh County to the southeast. The northern and northeastern parts of Nimba border the nation of Republic of Guinea, while the northeast lies along the border of Côte d'Ivoire.
Ma Chih-Yuan (crater)
Ma Chih-Yuan is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Ma Chih-Yuan is named for the Chinese playwright Ma Zhiyuan, who lived in the 13th century CE.

Ma Chih-Yuan is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.  It is ancient and highly eroded, unlike Raditladi, for example.

To the east of Ma Chih-Yuan is Rabelais crater.  To the northeast is Coleridge crater, and to the southwest is Sei crater.

Rabelais (crater)
Rabelais is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 154 kilometres (96 miles). Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Rabelais is named for the French writer François Rabelais.

The crater Ma Chih-Yuan is to the west of Rabelais, Coleridge is to the north, and Khansa is to the east.

The scarps of Adventure Rupes are to the south.  A scarp that is informally named Rabelais Dorsum cuts across Adventure Rupes.
Crown Firecoach
Crown Firecoach is a nameplate used for various types of firefighting apparatus manufactured and marketed by Crown Coach Corporation in Los Angeles, California, from 1951 to 1985.  Although sold primarily in the West Coast region of the United States (California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Arizona, and Nevada), other examples of the Firecoach were sold to fire departments in Hawaii, Illinois, and New Jersey, as well as in Mexico and Kuwait.

Using the mid-engine chassis of the Crown Supercoach school bus as a basis, the Firecoach was produced in several configurations for fire departments.  In addition, Crown Coach served as a second-stage manufacturer, producing fire apparatus bodies for a variety of customer-supplied chassis upon request.

Shortly after the sale of Crown Coach in 1979, the Firecoach line was discontinued in favor of bus manufacturing.  In 1991, Crown ended operations altogether.

Crown Supercoach
The Crown Supercoach is a bus that was manufactured and marketed by Crown Coach Corporation from 1948 to 1991.  While most examples were sold as yellow school buses, the Supercoach formed the basis for motorcoaches and other specialty vehicles using the same body and chassis. While technically available outside of the West Coast, nearly all Crown school buses were sold in Washington state, Oregon and California.

From 1948 to 1984, the Supercoach was constructed at the Crown Coach facilities in Los Angeles, California; from 1984 to the 1991 closure of the company, the Supercoach was constructed in Chino, California.
Mid Hills
The Mid Hills are a  low mountain range in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California.

The Mid Hills are located entirely within Mojave National Preserve.  They are northeast of Kelso and the park's visitor center, and southeast of Cima Dome & Volcanic Field. At the southeast end are the Little Thorne Mountains.

Mojave National Preserve
Mojave National Preserve is a US National Preserve located in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, between Interstate 15 and Interstate 40. Established in 1994, it is the third largest unit of the National Park system within the contiguous United States, and the largest national preserve.

The preserve spans 1,542,776 acres (6,243 km2). It surrounds Providence Mountains State Recreation Area and Mitchell Caverns Natural Preserve, which are both managed by the California Department of Parks and Recreation.

Natural features include the Kelso Dunes, the Marl Mountains and the Cima Dome, as well as volcanic formations such as Hole-in-the-Wall and the Cinder Cone Lava Beds. The Joshua tree forest covering Cima Dome and the adjacent Shadow Valley is the largest and densest in the world.

The preserve contains the ghost town of Kelso. The defunct Kelso Depot serves as the park's official visitor center, though it is temporarily closed as of 2025.
Oceana County, Michigan
Oceana County (/ˌoʊʃiˈænə/ OH-shee-AN-ə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 26,659. Its county seat and largest incorporated community is Hart. Oceana County is located in the West Michigan region of the state's Lower Peninsula. The county has a shoreline along Lake Michigan, which has allowed for agriculture and tourism to flourish within the county. The county is also known as the "Asparagus Capital of the World", and is home to the National Asparagus Festival, in Hart.

Leavitt Township, Michigan
Leavitt Township is a civil township of Oceana County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 911 at the 2020 census. It is a primarily agricultural area, with Walkerville being the only village within the township.
Second Xiangya Hospital
The Second Xiangya Hospital (simplified Chinese: 湘雅二医院; traditional Chinese: 湘雅二醫院; pinyin: Xiāngyǎ èr yīyuàn), full name Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, located in Changsha, Hunan Province of China, is a Class III Grade A hospital directly under the management of the National Health Commission. Founded in 1958, it is now a top-20 hospital in China, and one of the largest in Hunan.

Xiangya School of Medicine
Xiangya School of Medicine, formerly Hsiang-Ya Medical School, or Hunan-Yale Medical School, was jointly established by the Hunan Yuqun Society and the Yale-China Association in 1914, making it China's first medical school based on international collaboration.

The school is located in Changsha, the provincial capital of Hunan, and remains one of the top medical schools in the country for years running.
Higashi-Amagi Station
Higashi-Amagi Station (東甘木駅, Higashi-amagi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Nishi-Nippon Railroad (NNR), and has station number T47.

Ōmuta, Fukuoka
Ōmuta (Japanese: 大牟田市, Hepburn: Ōmuta-shi) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan.  As of December 31, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 106,393 in 55,373 households, and a  population density of 1,300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 81.45 km2 (31.45 sq mi).
David of Burgundy
David of Burgundy (c. February 1426 – 16 April 1494) was the bishop of Utrecht from 1456. The illegitimate son of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, David was made bishop by his father in an attempt to enforce more centralised Burgundian control over the Netherlands. He also served as bishop of Thérouanne from 1451 to 1456. He is the third longest-reigning bishop of Utrecht after Balderic and Willibrord, holding the see until his death in 1494.

Hook and Cod wars
The Hook and Cod wars (Dutch: Hoekse en Kabeljauwse twisten; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title of "Count of Holland".
The Cod faction generally consisted of the more progressive cities of Holland. The Hook faction consisted for a large part of the conservative noblemen.
The Rules
The Rules: Time-tested Secrets for Capturing the Heart of Mr. Right is a self-help book by Ellen Fein and Sherrie Schneider, originally published in 1995.

The book suggests gendered dating rules that a woman should follow in order to attract and marry the man of her dreams; these rules include that a woman should be "easy to be with but hard to get". The underlying philosophy of The Rules is that women should not aggressively pursue men, but rather, should encourage the men to pursue them. A woman who follows The Rules is called a Rules Girl.

Dating
Dating is an activity of spending time together ("going on dates") usually through planned social encounters, with the intention of getting to know each other, often with a romantic or intimate purpose. While the result of dating may at any time lead to friendship, any level of intimate relationship, marriage, or no relation, its significance extends beyond relationship status. Psychological research suggests that dating can also function as a form of personal growth, as individuals expand their understanding of themselves and others through shared experiences and emotional exchange.
Atzara
Atzara (Sardinian: Atzàra) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Cagliari and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Nuoro.

Atzara borders the following municipalities: Belvì, Meana Sardo, Samugheo, Sorgono. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Samugheo
Samugheo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Oristano.

Samugheo borders the following municipalities: Allai, Asuni, Atzara, Busachi, Laconi, Meana Sardo, Ortueri, Ruinas, Sorgono.
Word and Object
Word and Object, philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine's most famous work, expands on ideas in From a Logical Point of View (1953) and reformulates earlier arguments like his attack on the analytic–synthetic distinction from "Two Dogmas of Empiricism". It introduces the thought experiment of radical translation and the related concept of indeterminacy of translation.

Two Dogmas of Empiricism
"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a canonical essay by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.  According to University of Sydney professor of philosophy Peter Godfrey-Smith, this "paper [is] sometimes regarded as the most important in all of twentieth-century philosophy". The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each meaningful statement gets its meaning from some logical construction of terms that refer exclusively to immediate experience.

"Two Dogmas" has six sections. The first four focus on analyticity, the last two on reductionism. There, Quine turns the focus to the logical positivists' theory of meaning. He also presents his own holistic theory of meaning.
Maha Vijaya
Maha Vijaya (摩訶賁該 in Chinese and Makha Bí Cai in Vietnamese), was a king of Champa, ruled the kingdom from 1441/42 to 1446. He was a nephew of Indravarman VI (Nauk Glaun Vijaya). According to Vietnamese chronicles, he usurped the throne of his brother Maha Kali in 1442.

In 1444, war broke out between Champa and Dai Viet. Dai Viet's king Le Nhan Tong sent a fleet from Nghe An to the coast of Binh Dinh, ransacked the Cham capital, and captured Maha Vijaya in 1446, and which later he spent years in prison in Hanoi, while his brother Maha Kali (who previously overthrown) was installed as the puppet king.

Lê Nhân Tông
Lê Nhân Tông (黎仁宗, 28 May 1441 – 25 October 1459), birth name Lê Bang Cơ (黎邦基) in Vietnam was the third Emperor of the Lê dynasty from 1453 until his murder in a coup in 1459. A grandson of the dynasty founder Lê Lợi, much of his reign was under the regency of his mother, Queen Dowager Tuyên Từ.
1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1952 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1952.

Incumbent Republican Governor Walter J. Kohler Jr. defeated Democratic nominee William Proxmire with 62.50% of the vote. Kohler's share of the vote was the highest by a gubernatorial candidate since Philip La Follette in 1930; no candidate would match Kohler's share until Tommy Thompson in 1994.

1930 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
The 1930 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1930. Primary elections were held on September 16, 1930. Incumbent Republican Governor Walter J. Kohler Sr. was defeated in the Republican primary. Republican nominee Philip La Follette defeated Democratic nominee Charles E. Hammersley with 64.76% of the vote.
Bundaran HI Astra (Transjakarta)
Bundaran HI (or Bundaran HI Astra, with Astra International granted for naming rights) is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station on the M.H. Thamrin Street in Jakarta, Indonesia, serving corridor 1. The station's name comes from the Hotel Indonesia Roundabout at south, with the historic Selamat Datang Monument in the epicenter of the circle. More than just being a bus station, Bundaran HI Astra station is also a new tourism spot of Jakarta, thanks to its viewing deck that overlooks the Selamat Datang Monument.

Selamat Datang Monument
The Selamat Datang Monument (Indonesian: Monumen Selamat Datang, lit. 'Welcome Monument'), also known as Monumen Bundaran HI or Monumen Bunderan HI, is a monument located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, located at the centre of the Bundaran Hotel Indonesia roundabout. Completed in 1962 by sculptor Edhi Sunarso, the Selamat Datang Monument is one of the historic landmarks of Jakarta.
João das Regras
João das Regras (Unknown - 3 May 1404), in English, literally John of the Rules, was a Portuguese jurist of the second half of the 14th century. In the context of the 1383—1385 Crisis, in Portugal, he stood out for his masterly representation for the cause of the Master of Avis in the Coimbra Courts of 1385, the corollary of which was his acclaim as King of Portugal.

John, Duke of Valencia de Campos
John of Portugal (Portuguese: João [ʒuˈɐ̃w]), occasionally surnamed Castro (1352 – c. 1396), was the eldest surviving son of King Peter I of Portugal by his mistress Inês de Castro. He was a potential but unsuccessful contender for the Portuguese throne during the 1383–85 crisis of succession.
Magnesia Prefecture
Magnesia Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Μαγνησίας) was one of the prefectures of Greece. Its capital was Volos. It was established in 1899 from the Larissa Prefecture. The prefecture was disbanded on 1 January 2011 by the Kallikratis programme, and split into the regional units of Magnesia and the Sporades.

The toponym is ancient to the region. Ore that attracts iron is common in Magnesia, which is the origin of words such as magnet and magnetism as well as the chemical elements magnesium, derived from the mineral magnesia alba, and manganese, derived from the mineral magnesia nigra via Latin.

Sporades
The (Northern) Sporades are an archipelago along the east coast of Greece, northeast of the island of Euboea, in the Aegean Sea. They consist of 24 islands, four of which are permanently inhabited: Alonnisos, Skiathos, Skopelos and Skyros. They may also be referred to as the Thessalian Sporades (Θεσσαλικές Σποράδες).
Tjøtta Municipality
Tjøtta is a former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 326-square-kilometre (126 sq mi) municipality existed from 1862 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality was centered around the island of Tjøtta plus the mainland to the east and south as well as over 3000 islands, islets, and skerries to the west. The administrative centre of Tjøtta was the village of Tjøtta, located on the island of Tjøtta, where the Tjøtta Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 326-square-kilometre (126 sq mi) municipality was the 262nd largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Tjøtta Municipality was the 423rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,747. The municipality's population density was 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 21% over the previous 10-year period.

Tjøtta (island)
Tjøtta is an island in Alstahaug Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The 11.3-square-kilometre (4.4 sq mi) island lies at the entrance to the Vefsnfjorden, just south of the island of Alsta. The U-shaped island is relatively flat, and the highest point is the 77-metre (253 ft) tall Kalvberghaugen, just east of the village of Tjøtta. The island has two main villages on it: Tjøtta and Svinnes. The Norwegian County Road 17 crosses the island and it connects it to the neighboring islands of Offersøya and Alsta by two causeways.
Henry Whitley
Henry Charles Whitley CVO (1906–1976) was a Church of Scotland minister and an author.

He was born on 20 March 1906 and educated at George Heriot's School and the University of Edinburgh, where he gained a Ph.D. in 1953. He was Minister of Newark Parish Church (in Port Glasgow), Old Partick Parish Church and the High Kirk of Edinburgh; and a World War II chaplain with the Seaforth Highlanders.  He was Dean of the Thistle from 1969 to 1974. In 1970 he was appointed Honorary Chaplain (Pontifex Maximus) of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh. Whitley died on 8 May 1976. He is buried in Southwick Kirkyard in Dumfriesshire.

Dean of the Thistle
The Dean of the Thistle is an office of the Order of the Thistle, re-established in 1687. The office is normally held by a minister of the Church of Scotland, and forms part of the Royal Household in Scotland.

In 1886 the office of Dean of the Chapel Royal was revived and united by royal warrant to that of Dean of the Thistle, eventually being separated in 1969.
Deborah Yaffe
Deborah Yaffe (born 1965) is the author of two books, most recently and prominently the book Among the Janeites: A Journey through the World of Jane Austen Fandom  (Houghton Mifflin Mariner, 2013). The book describes Yaffe's lifelong love of Jane Austen, as well as the lives and ideas of many other Jane Austen fans or "Janeites." Yaffe's book has been featured in The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and O! Magazine, among others. Yaffe has been a reporter in New York and California and is also the author of Other People's Children: The Battle for Justice and Equality in New Jersey Schools.

Janeite
The term Janeite has been both embraced by devotees of the works of Jane Austen and used as a term of opprobrium. According to Austen scholar Claudia Johnson Janeitism is "the self-consciously idolatrous enthusiasm for 'Jane' and every detail relative to her".
Buchberg (Zittau Mountains)
The Buchberg (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːxˌbɛʁk]) is a wide cone-shaped mountain on the northern edge of the Zittau Mountains which is 652 m above sea level (NN). The Buchberg is entirely wooded. Whilst the mountain drops steeply to the east and north, it slopes away relatively gently to the south and west. South of the mountain is an area of raised bog which forms the source region of the Svitavka.

Zittau Mountains
The Zittau Mountains (German: Zittauer Gebirge, Czech: Žitavské hory; Upper Sorbian: Žitawske horiny), formerly also called the Lusatian Ridge (Lausitzer Kamm; Łužiski česak), refer to the German part of the Lusatian Mountains that straddle the Saxon-Bohemian border in the extreme southeast of the German state of Saxony.