hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Deckle edge
In papermaking, a deckle edge is a feathered edge on a piece of paper, in contrast to a cut edge. Before the 19th century, the deckle edge was unavoidable, a natural artifact of the production process in which sheets of paper were made individually on a deckle, a wooden frame. Today, machine-made paper may artificially have its edges produced with deckle edges.: 456, 458

The deckle could not make a perfect seal against the screen at the edges and the paper slurry would seep under, creating a rough edge to the paper. The deckle edge could be trimmed off, but this extra step added to the cost of the book. Beginning in the early 1800s with the invention of the Fourdrinier machine, paper was produced in long rolls and the deckle became mostly obsolete. Although there was some rough edging on the ends of the rolls, it was cut off, and the individual sheets cut out from the roll would have no deckle edge in any case.

Deckle
A deckle is a removable wooden frame or "fence" used in manual papermaking. The deckle is placed into a mould to keep the paper pulp slurry within the bounds of the wire facing on a mould, and to control the size of the sheet produced. The mould and deckle is dipped into a vat of water and paper pulp that has been beaten (fibrillated). The pulp is quickly scooped out of the vat and the mould and deckle is shaken as excess water is drained off.  The deckle is then removed and the newly formed sheet is "couched" (set) onto felts.  Fiber that has been beaten longer generally requires more time to drain. If the paper slurry gets under, or if long fibers settles  on top of the deckle, it will cause a more irregular edge.: 119, 177–178

Beginning in the early 1800s with the invention of the Fourdrinier machine, paper was produced in long rolls and the deckle became mostly obsolete.
Earl of Douglas
This page is concerned with the holders of the forfeit title Earl of Douglas and the preceding feudal barons of Douglas, South Lanarkshire. The title was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1358 for William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, son of Sir Archibald Douglas, Guardian of Scotland. The Earldom was forfeited by James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, in 1455.

George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus
George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, Lord Douglas, Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest (c. 1427 – 12 March 1463) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the son of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus and Margaret Hay of Yester. Known as the Great Earl of Angus. He succeeded to the Earldom following the death of his childless brother James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus in 1446. He was to become the first Red Chief of Douglas.
The Excelsior
The Excelsior (Chinese: 怡東酒店) was a four-star hotel located at 281 Gloucester Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong Island, in Hong Kong. It was owned and operated by Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, a member of the Jardine Matheson Group, and served as the Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group's headquarters. The Noon-day Gun is located opposite the hotel. It closed on 31 March 2019 for demolition and replacement by an office tower.

Noonday Gun
The Noonday Gun (Chinese: 午炮) is a former naval artillery piece mounted on a small enclosed site near the Causeway Bay Typhoon Shelter on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Owned and operated by Jardine Matheson, the gun is fired every day at noon and has become a tourist attraction.
League of Communists of Kosovo
The League of Communists of Kosovo (Serbo-Croatian: Savez komunista Kosova, Савез комуниста Косова, SKK/СКК; Albanian: Lidhja e Komunistëve të Kosovës) was the Kosovo branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the sole legal party of Yugoslavia from 1945 to 1990.

Socialist Republic of Serbia
The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (Serbo-Croatian: Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija, lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia, SR Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo. Its formation was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade, was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia.
Qionglong Subdistrict, Anning, Yunnan
Qinglong Subdistrict (Chinese: 青龙街道; pinyin: Qīnglóng Jiēdào) is a subdistrict situated in northern Anning City, Yunnan province, southwestern China. It lies about 60 km west of Kunming, situated on the east bank of the Tanglang River. Formerly a town, its status changed to a subdistrict of Anning in 2011.

Anning, Yunnan
Anning (simplified Chinese: 安宁市; traditional Chinese: 安寧市; pinyin: Ānníng) is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, China. It is located approximately 28 kilometers southwest of Kunming city proper. In 1995, Anning was upgraded to a county-level city from a county.

Anning borders Xishan District to the east and northeast, Lufeng, Yunnan to the west and northwest, Jinning District to the south and southeast, and Yimen County to the southwest. It is located in western Kunming.
Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air
Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air is a book on alchemy by the 17th-century Anglo-Irish philosopher Robert Boyle. It was written in 1674 concerning ideas about the agency of the air in chemical reactions. Air at this time was considered homogeneous, empty and inactive.

Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle FRS (/bɔɪl/; 25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.

He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.

Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. He was a devout and pious Anglican and is noted for his works in theology.
St. Elizabeth Church (Manhattan)
Church of St. Elizabeth is a  Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at West 187th Street at Wadsworth Avenue in Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York City. The parish was established in 1869, originally located on 187th Street at Broadway from 1869 to 1929.

The parish was founded in 1869 in what was then known as Fort Washington by the Rev. Cornelius O’Callaghan. The parish's founding meant that it took on as an out-mission St. John's in the Bronx, which was then being administered to by the Jesuits of Fordham University. St. John's broke off as its own parish in 1877. The original address, as listed in 1892, was at King's Bridge Road, near 187th Street.

St. John's Church (Bronx)
The Church of St. John is a parish church under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 3021 Kingsbridge Avenue, Bronx, New York City. Property was purchased in 1870 and construction of a wood-framed church was begun, this was the first Catholic church in Kingsbridge, Bronx.

The parish has had long ties with the Religious of Jesus and Mary as their main base in New York City.

On November 2, 2014, the parish was merged with that of the Church of the Visitation.
Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany (Lithuanian: Sofija Alšėniškė; Belarusian: Софья Гальшанская, romanized: Sofja Halšanskaja; Polish: Zofia Holszańska; c. 1405 – 21 September 1461 in Kraków), known simply as Sonka, was a princess of Lithuanian Alšėniškiai princely family who was Queen of Poland as the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania. As the mother to Władysław III and Casimir IV, she was the co-founder of the Jagiellonian dynasty.

Alšėniškiai
The House of Alšėniškiai (Belarusian: Гальшанскі, romanized: Halšanski, Polish: Holszański) was a Lithuanian by origin Ruthenianized and predominantly Eastern Orthodox princely family of Hipocentaur coat of arms. Their patrimony was the Duchy of Alšėnai, which included the castles of Rokantiškės and Alšėnai.
N31 road (Ireland)
The N31 road is a national primary road in Ireland. It connects the harbour at Dún Laoghaire southeast of Dublin to the national route network. Both the N11 (Dublin – Wexford) and Dublin's M50 C-ring motorway connect to the N31.

National primary road
A national primary road (Irish: príomhbhóthar náisiúnta) is a road classification in Ireland. National primary roads form the major routes between the major urban centres. There are 2649 km of national primary roads. This category of road has the prefix "N" followed by one or two digits. Motorways are prefixed "M" followed by one or two digits.
Cosmosphere
Cosmosphere is an international science education center and space museum in Hutchinson, Kansas, United States, located on the northeast corner of Plum Street and 11th Avenue, next to the Hutchinson Community College.  It was previously known as the Kansas Cosmosphere. The museum houses over 13,000 spaceflight artifacts—the largest combined collection of US and Russian spaceflight artifacts in the world, and is home to various space educational programs.

Rocketdyne F-1
The F-1 is a rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne. The engine uses a gas-generator cycle developed in the United States in the late 1950s and was used in the Saturn V rocket in the 1960s and early 1970s.  Five F-1 engines were used in the S-IC first stage of each Saturn V, which served as the main launch vehicle of the Apollo program. The F-1 remains the most powerful single combustion chamber liquid-propellant rocket engine ever developed.
GER Class P43
The GER Class P43 was a class of ten 4-2-2 steam tender locomotives designed by James Holden for the Great Eastern Railway. They were the last 'singles' built for the Great Eastern, and the last in service.

4-2-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-2-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, two powered driving wheels on one axle, and two trailing wheels on one axle.

Other equivalent classifications are:

UIC classification: 2A1

French classification: 211

Turkish classification: 14

Swiss classification: 1/4

Like other steam locomotive types with single pairs of driving wheels, they were also known as singles.
Tottori Jōhoku High School
Tottori Jōhoku High School, also commonly known as Jōhoku High, is a private high school located in Tottori, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

The school is known for its baseball and sumo clubs, and a range of club activities and studies.

Hakunofuji Tetsuya
Hakunofuji Tetsuya (Japanese: 伯乃富士 哲也; born Tetsuya Ochiai (落合 哲也, Ochiai Tetsuya) on August 22, 2003) is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Kurayoshi, Tottori. After a successful amateur career, he turned professional in January 2023, via makushita tsukedashi system, winning that division's championship and being promoted to sumo's top division in July 2023. Nicknamed "Reiwa monster" thanks to his record-breaking promotions, his highest rank has been maegashira 1. A former member of Miyagino stable under the guidance of former yokozuna Hakuhō, he currently wrestles for Isegahama stable.
1875–76 Scottish Districts season
The 1875-76 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches played by Scotland's district teams.

It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District; and the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.

West of Scotland District (rugby union)
West of Scotland District is a select provincial amateur rugby union team that draws its players from the West of Scotland.

Founded in 1876, the West of Scotland District team - and its corresponding East of Scotland District team - was created, thus halving Scotland's representative rugby union area in two.

This was meant as an impetus to include players from beyond the original Glasgow District and Edinburgh District catchment areas.

The West of Scotland District versus the East of Scotland District became the de facto trial match for the Scotland international team.

It survives today, but only for age-grade.
Washakie Station Site
The Washakie Station Site is a former way station on the Overland Trail in Carbon County, Wyoming. Built in 1862, the station was on a heavily traveled stage and emigration route. The station was a stone structure with a dirt roof over pole rafters. Remains of the station consist of foundations and ruined sandstone walls. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 6, 1978.

Overland Trail
The Overland Trail (also known as the Overland Stage Line) was a stagecoach and wagon trail in the American West during the 19th century.  While portions of the route had been used by explorers and trappers since the 1820s, the Overland Trail was most heavily used in the 1860s as a route alternative to the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails through central Wyoming.  The Overland Trail was famously used by the Overland Stage Company owned by Ben Holladay to run mail and passengers to Salt Lake City, Utah, via stagecoaches in the early 1860s. Starting from Atchison, Kansas, the trail descended into Colorado before looping back up to southern Wyoming and rejoining the Oregon Trail at Fort Bridger. The stage line operated until 1869 when the completion of the First transcontinental railroad eliminated the need for mail service via stagecoach.
Allington, North Wiltshire
Allington is a hamlet in north Wiltshire, England. It is on the edge of the market town of Chippenham, about 2 miles (3 km) north-west of the town centre and about 0.3 miles (500 m) north of the A420 road towards Bristol.

Allington Bar is a farm and small hamlet on the A420.

Allington Manor Farmhouse is from the mid 18th century and incorporates fragments of a 17th-century manor house; further fragments are within an 18th-century barn. Bolehyde Manor, a Grade II* listed 17th-century manor house and former home of Queen Camilla, is a short distance north of Allington village.

This Allington is not a former parish, but was a tithing of the parish of Chippenham. Since 1894 it has been in the civil parish of Chippenham Without.

The settlement was designated as a conservation area in 1998, and in 2002 the area was extended to include the surrounding landscape.

Bolehyde Manor
Bolehyde Manor is a 17th-century manor house at Allington, north-west of Chippenham, in Wiltshire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building within the Allington conservation area of Chippenham Without parish. Camilla Parker Bowles (later Queen Camilla) lived at the house between 1973 and 1986, during her first marriage.
Cubi XXVI
Cubi XXVI is an abstract sculpture by David Smith, in the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., US.

Constructed of stainless steel on January 12, 1965, it was purchased in 1978. It was on loan to the White House. The sculpture is a part of Smith's Cubi series.

National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden
The National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden is the most recent addition to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. in the United States.  It is located in the National Mall between the National Gallery's West Building and the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History.

Completed and opened to the public on May 23, 1999, the location provides an outdoor setting for exhibiting several pieces from the museum's contemporary sculpture collection. The collection is centered on a fountain which, from December to March, is converted to an ice-skating rink.  (Such a rink predated the construction of the garden.)  The outdoor Pavilion Café lies adjacent to the garden.

Laurie Olin and his firm, OLIN, were the landscape architects who redesigned the garden.
2009–10 Senior Women's One Day League
The 2009–10 Senior Women's One Day League was the 4th edition of the women's List A cricket competition in India. It took place between 3 November 2009 and 20 January 2010, with 26 teams divided into five regional groups. Railways won the tournament, beating Delhi in the final, claiming their fourth title in four years.

Senior Women's One-Day Trophy
The Senior Women's One Day Trophy, previously known as the Senior Women's One Day League, is a women's List A cricket tournament held in India. It began in the 2006–07 season, with 24 teams representing state cricket associations, whilst the most recent season, 2023–24, had 37 teams competing. Railways have won the tournament 15 times, including the first and most recent season, whilst Delhi and Bengal have each won the tournament once.
Galong railway station
Galong railway station is a heritage-listed closed railway station located on the Main South railway line in New South Wales, Australia. It served the village of Galong. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
White-tailed flycatcher
The white-tailed flycatcher (Leucoptilon concretum) is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Leucoptilon. It is found in submountain forests from the eastern Himalayas and northern Myanmar to southern China, western and southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.

Old World flycatcher
The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) and northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe), found also in North America. These are mainly small arboreal insectivores, many of which, as the name implies, take their prey on the wing. The large family includes 357 species and is divided into 57 genera.
Andrejs Perepļotkins
Andrejs Perepļotkins (Ukrainian: Андрій Ігорович Перепльоткін, Andriy Igorovych Pereplyotkin; born 27 December 1984) is a Ukrainian born Latvian former footballer, who used to primarily play as a winger.

Although born in Ukraine, he played internationally for Latvia from 2007 to 2012.

2010 Latvian Higher League
2010 Latvian Higher League (Latvian: LMT Virslīga 2010) was the 19th season of top-tier football in Latvia. It began on 9 April 2010 with the first round of games. Liepājas Metalurgs were the defending champions, having won their second league title last season.

With the re-expansion of the league to 10 clubs, the format of the competition was altered for the third year in a row. The ten clubs played 18 rounds of matches, once at home and once away, against each of the other nine clubs in the league. After this, another nine rounds of matches were played for a total of 27 matches. The clubs finishing in the first five positions after 18 rounds received the benefit of hosting five of their last nine matches.
Brodriguesia
Brodriguesia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Detarioideae. It contains a single species, Brodriguesia santosii. It is a tree native to eastern Bahia state in northeastern Brazil.

Detarioideae
The subfamily Detarioideae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae (legumes). This subfamily includes many tropical trees, some of which are used for timber or have ecological importance. The subfamily consists of 84 genera, most of which are native to Africa and Asia. Pride of Burma (Amherstia nobilis) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) are two of the most notable species in Detarioideae. It has the following clade-based definition:

The most inclusive crown clade containing Goniorrhachis marginata Taub. and Aphanocalyx cynometroides Oliv., but not Cercis canadensis L., Duparquetia orchidacea Baill., or Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema.
St. Martin Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
St. Martin Township is a township in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 545 at the 2010 census. The township includes the City of St. Martin.

St. Martin Township was organized in 1863, and named after Martin of Tours.

Stearns County, Minnesota
Stearns County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,292. Its county seat and largest city is St. Cloud.

Included within the Minnesota Territory since 1849, the county was founded by European Americans in 1855. It was originally named for Isaac Ingalls Stevens, then renamed for Charles Thomas Stearns. Stearns County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Combined Statistical Area.
Rotana Cinema
Rotana Cinema (Arabic: روتانا سينما) is a Saudi Arabian free-to-air satellite television channel owned by Rotana Group network. It was launched in 2004, and broadcasts exclusively old and contemporary Egyptian films.

Rotana Cinema has the largest and richest Arabic movie library in the world; this channel broadcasts premium production films ranging from golden oldies to the latest blockbusters that have never been broadcast on TV, making it the first channel to use the direct-to-TV method by fast forwarding the period between a movie's premiere in theaters and the TV premiere

Since 2005, Rotana Cinema has established itself as the Arab family's very own cinema at home and is set to continue solidifying that position through its 1000+ films not yet seen on TV and its exclusive premiers. The channel airs more than 35 premiere movies per year directly from the cinema to the television.

Rotana Media Group
Rotana Media Group, commonly known as Rotana (Arabic: روتانا, romanized: Rōtānā), is a Saudi Arabian entertainment company. It is primarily owned by Saudi prince Al Waleed bin Talal through Kingdom Holding Company.

The media conglomerate includes a film production company (Rotana Studios), free to air television stations (Rotana TV), music channels (Rotana Radio), a record label (Rotana Music Group) and others businesses.
Blood and Sand (1941 film)
Blood and Sand is a 1941 American  Technicolor film drama starring Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Rita Hayworth and Nazimova. Directed by Rouben Mamoulian, it was produced by 20th Century Fox and was based on the 1908 Spanish novel Blood and Sand (Sangre y arena) by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez. The supporting cast features Anthony Quinn, Lynn Bari, Laird Cregar, J. Carrol Naish, John Carradine and George Reeves. Rita Hayworth's singing voice was dubbed by Gracilla Pirraga.

Other versions of Blood and Sand include a 1922 version produced by Paramount Pictures and starring Rudolph Valentino, a 1916 version filmed by Blasco Ibanez with the help of Max André, and a 1989 version starring Christopher Rydell and Sharon Stone.

Blood and Sand was the fourth and last film in which Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell worked together. The others were Day-Time Wife (1939), Brigham Young (1940) and The Mark of Zorro (1940).

Day-Time Wife
Day-Time Wife is a 1939 screwball comedy directed by Gregory Ratoff, starring Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell. Darnell and Power play Jane and Ken Norton, a married couple approaching their second anniversary. This was Linda Darnell's second film. Day-Time Wife was the first of four films that Darnell and Power made together over the next few years, the others being Brigham Young (1940), The Mark of Zorro (1940), and Blood and Sand (1941).