hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hexham
Hexham (/ˈhɛksəm/ HEKS-əm) is a market town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the south bank of the River Tyne, formed by the confluence of the North Tyne and the South Tyne at Warden nearby, and close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district from 1974 to 2009. In 2011, it had a population of 13,097.

Smaller towns and villages around Hexham include Corbridge, Riding Mill, Stocksfield and Wylam to the east, Acomb and Bellingham to the north, Allendale to the south and Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill and Haltwhistle to the west. Newcastle upon Tyne is 25 miles (40 km) to the east and Carlisle 37 miles (60 km) to the west.

Bardon Mill
Bardon Mill is a small village in Northumberland, within the vicinity of the ancient Hadrian's Wall. It is located around 10+1⁄2 miles (17 kilometres) from Hexham, 26+1⁄2 mi (43 km) from Carlisle, and 32 mi (51 km) from Newcastle upon Tyne.

Nearby landmarks include Allen Banks & Staward Gorge, Sycamore Gap, The Sill: National Landscape Discovery Centre and Vindolanda Roman Fort.
Alfred J. Lotka
Alfred James Lotka (March 2, 1880 – December 5, 1949) was a Polish-American mathematician, physical chemist, and statistician, famous for his work in population dynamics and energetics. A biophysicist, Lotka is best known for his proposal of the predator–prey model, developed simultaneously but independently of Vito Volterra. The Lotka–Volterra model is still the basis of many models used in the analysis of population dynamics in ecology.

Howard T. Odum
Howard Thomas Odum (September 1, 1924 – September 11, 2002), usually cited as H. T. Odum, was an American ecologist. He is known for his pioneering work on ecosystem ecology, and for his provocative proposals for additional laws of thermodynamics, informed by his work on general systems theory.
2012 Turkish Cup final
The 2012 Turkish Cup final (Turkish: Türkiye Kupası Finali) was the 50th final of the Turkish Cup. The final was contested between Bursaspor and Fenerbahçe. Match was played on 16 May 2012, at 20:30 local time. The venue chosen for the match was Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium, a neutral ground for both clubs. Fenerbahçe were the winners of the match, and eventual winners of the 2011–12 Turkish Cup.

2012 Turkish Super Cup
2012 Turkish Super Cup (Turkish: TFF Süper Kupa) was the 39th edition of the Turkish Super Cup since its establishment as Presidential Cup in 1966. The match was contested between the 2011–12 Süper Lig champions Galatasaray and the 2011–12 Turkish Cup winners Fenerbahçe, making the game the 372nd edition of Kıtalar Arası Derbi. The game was the first to take place since 2010 Turkish Super Cup, as 2011 Turkish Super Cup was cancelled because of 2011 Turkish sports corruption scandal.
Montenegro Airlines
Montenegro Airlines a.d. (Montenegrin: Montenegro erlajns) was the flag carrier of Montenegro, headquartered in Podgorica. It operated scheduled and charter services throughout Europe from its hub at Podgorica Airport with a second base maintained at Tivat Airport. The airline was liquidated from 26 December 2020 due to accumulating heavy losses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In February 2021, the government of Montenegro launched a new flag carrier, Air Montenegro.

Air Montenegro
To Montenegro a.d. (stylised as ToMontenegro and 2Montenegro), is the flag carrier of Montenegro, which is branded and operates under the name Air Montenegro (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Ер Монтенегро), a new company opened in early 2021 by the government of Montenegro. Air Montenegro officially launched operations in June 2021.
Preone
Preone (Friulian: Preon) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine.

Preone borders the following municipalities: Enemonzo, Socchieve, Tramonti di Sotto, Verzegnis, Vito d'Asio.

Socchieve
Socchieve (Friulian: Soclêf) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine.

The municipality of Socchieve contains the frazioni (boroughs) of Caprizi, Dilignìdis, Feltrone, Lungis, Mediis (municipal seat), Nonta, Priuso, and Viaso.

Socchieve borders the following municipalities: Ampezzo, Enemonzo, Forni di Sotto, Ovaro, Preone, Raveo, Tramonti di Sopra, Tramonti di Sotto.
Girls' War
The Girls' War is the name given to fighting on the beach at Russell, New Zealand, then known as Kororāreka, in March 1830 between the northern and southern hapū (subtribe) within the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe).

Pōmare II (Ngāpuhi)
Pōmare II (18th century – 1850), originally named Whiria, was a Māori rangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe) in New Zealand and the leader of the Ngāti Manu hapū (subtribe) of the Ngāpuhi. He was the nephew of Pōmare I, his mother Haki being the elder sister of Pōmare I. When he succeeded his uncle as leader of the Ngāti Manu he took his uncle's names, Whētoi and Pōmare. He is referred to as Pōmare II, so as to distinguish him from his uncle.
Dùn an Achaidh
Dùn an Achaidh, sometimes Anglicised as Dun Acha, is a dun located near the village of Acha on the Inner Hebridean island of Coll. It is considered the best preserved dun on the island. The site of Dùn an Achaidh is located at grid reference NM18335456. According to local tradition, the dun was the stronghold of, and named after, the son of a Norse king. The early 20th century antiquary Erskine Beveridge considered it as one of the four most interesting fortifications on Coll (along with Dùn Anlaimh, Dùn Dubh, and Dùn Morbhaidh).

Coll
Coll (/ˈkɒl/; Scottish Gaelic: Cola) is an island located west of the Isle of Mull and northeast of Tiree in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. Coll is known for its sandy beaches, which rise to form large sand dunes, for its corncrakes, and for Breacachadh Castle. It is in the council area of Argyll and Bute. Arinagour is the main settlement on Coll. There is a ferry terminal on the island which connects it with the mainland of Scotland. Coll also has a small airport. The island is rural in nature and has been awarded Dark Sky status.
Otto, Duke of Austria
Otto, known as the Merry (German: der Fröhliche; 23 July 1301 – 17 February 1339), was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1330, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 1335 until his death. A member of the House of Habsburg, he ruled jointly with his elder brother Duke Albert II.

Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria
Anne of Bohemia (27 March 1323 – 3 September 1338), also known as Anna of Luxembourg, was a daughter of John of Bohemia and his first wife, Elizabeth of Bohemia. Anne was a member of the House of Luxemburg.
Flåmsdalen
Flåmsdalen is a valley in Aurland Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is 18 kilometers (11 mi) long and runs from Myrdal to the village of Flåm, dropping 860 meters (2,820 ft) over the course of its run. The river Flåmselvi runs through the valley, as does the Flåm Line, a famous tourist destination.

Myrdal
Myrdal is an area in Aurland Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. Very few people live in Myrdal, as there are only a few village houses dotted around the hills. The village is built around the Myrdal Station, a popular railway stop for tourists along the Bergen Line and the Flåm Line.

From Myrdal, the Flåm Line railway goes northwards in large bends and loops, partly in tunnels, down through the narrow Flåmsdalen valley to the village of Flåm, along the Aurlandsfjorden. Also from Myrdal, a narrow, steep road also runs through Flåmsdalen valley, originally built as a construction road in connection with the construction of the Bergen Railway.
Price Morris Cottage
Price Morris Cottage is a heritage-listed residence at 37 Upper Macdonald Road, St Albans, City of Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1835 by Price Morris and family. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2000.

St Albans, New South Wales
St Albans is a small and historic village on the Macdonald River, New South Wales, Australia, about 94 kilometres (65 mi) north west of Sydney. At the 2021 census, St Albans and the surrounding area had a population of 161.
Norwich, Roanoke, Virginia
Norwich is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in west central Roanoke, immediately south of the Roanoke River.  It borders the neighborhoods of Mountain View on the east, and Raleigh Court on the south. The northern and western reaches of the neighborhood are bound by the Roanoke River without crossings into both Hurt Park and Cherry Hill across the river.  As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Norwich has a population of 652 residents.

Cherry Hill, Roanoke, Virginia
Cherry Hill is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in far western Roanoke.  It borders the neighborhoods of Ridgewood Park and Wilmont on the north, Greater Deyerle, Raleigh Court, Norwich and Hurt Park to the south and Shenandoah West on the east. The western border is shared with the city of Salem.  Today the neighborhood is bisected by Virginia State Route 117 (Peters Creek Road) and is bordered by the Norfolk Southern Railway right of way on the south.
Lev Pontryagin
Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin (Russian: Лев Семёнович Понтрягин, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin, first name sometimes anglicized as Leon) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. Completely blind from the age of 14, he made major discoveries in a number of fields of mathematics, including algebraic topology, differential topology and optimal control.

Pontryagin class
In mathematics, the Pontryagin classes, named after Lev Pontryagin, are certain characteristic classes of real vector bundles. The Pontryagin classes lie in cohomology groups with degrees a multiple of four.
Guayupe
The Guayupe are an Arawak-speaking Indigenous group of people in modern-day Colombia. They inhabit the westernmost parts of the department of Meta. At the time of the Spanish conquest, more than 250,000 Guayupe were living in large parts of Meta.

The territories of the Guayupe stretched from the neighbouring Guahibo terrains to the east and north and the Muisca territories to the west over an area of 22,000 square kilometres (8,500 sq mi).

Knowledge of the Guayupe has been provided by Pedro de Aguado and others.

Guahibo people
The Guahibo people are an Indigenous people native to the Llanos or savanna plains in eastern Colombia (Arauca, Meta, Guainia, and Vichada departments) and in southern Venezuela near the Colombian border. Their population was estimated at 23,772 people in 1998.

A related group, sometimes considered a sub-tribe of the Guahibo, are the Playero, whose population, estimated in the early 1980s at 200 people, live along the Arauca River.
2001 Miami Hurricanes football team
The 2001 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami during the 2001 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the Miami Hurricanes' 76th season of football and 11th as a member of the Big East Conference. The Hurricanes were led by first-year head coach Larry Coker and played their home games at the Orange Bowl. They finished the season 12–0 overall and 7–0 in the Big East to finish as conference champion. They were invited to the Rose Bowl, which served as the BCS National Championship Game, and defeated Nebraska, 37–14, to win the school's fifth national championship.

Eventually producing a record 38 NFL draft picks, the 2001 Hurricanes are widely considered to be one of the greatest college football teams of all time.

2001 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 2001 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2001 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Notably, quarterback Eric Crouch won the Heisman Trophy that season, which culminanted in a national championship appearance.
Louis Lagueux
Louis Lagueux (November 20, 1793 – June 15, 1832) was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada.

He was born in the town of Quebec in 1793, the son of merchant Louis Lagueux and Louise Bégin, whose father Charles Bégin served in the legislative assembly. Lagueux studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec, articled in law with Joseph-Rémi Vallières de Saint-Réal and qualified to practice in 1817. That same year, he entered the importing business with a partner; after that business failed the following year, he returned to the practice of law. In 1820, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Dorchester; he represented the riding until his death at Quebec from cholera in 1832. During his time in the assembly, he supported the Parti canadien. In 1830, he introduced a bill incorporating the city of Quebec.

His uncle Étienne-Claude Lagueux also served in the legislative assembly.

Étienne-Claude Lagueux
Étienne-Claude Lagueux (October 1765 – August 3, 1842) was a merchant and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Northumberland in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1814 to 1824 and from 1827 to 1830.

He was born Claude-Joseph Lagueux in Cap-Saint-Ignace, the son of Pierre Lagueux and Marie Tremblay. In 1789, he married Cécile Grihault dit Larivière. Lagueux did not run for reelection in 1824 or in 1830. He died in Quebec City at the age of 76.

His nephew Louis Lagueux also served in the assembly. His wife's sister Angèle married John Cannon, another member of the assembly.
Emily Haines
Emily Savitri Haines (born 25 January 1974) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer, keyboardist and songwriter of the rock band Metric and a member of the musical collective Broken Social Scene. As a solo artist, she has performed under her own name and as Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton. Haines possesses the vocal range of a mezzo-soprano.

Clean (2004 film)
Clean is a 2004 drama film directed by French director Olivier Assayas, starring Maggie Cheung and Nick Nolte. It was jointly funded by Canada, France, and United Kingdom sources. It was released in the United States in 2006.
Cambiago
Cambiago (Lombard: Cambiagh [kãˈbjaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Milan.

Cambiago borders the following municipalities: Basiano, Cavenago di Brianza, Agrate Brianza, Masate, Caponago, Gessate, Pessano con Bornago.

The headquarters of high-end road-racing bicycle manufacturer Colnago is located in Cambiago.

Pessano con Bornago
Pessano con Bornago (Milanese: Pessan con Bornagh [peˈsãː kũ burˈnaːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Milan, in an area called Martesana.

Pessano con Bornago borders the following municipalities: Cambiago, Caponago, Gessate, Carugate, Gorgonzola, Bussero.
Thomas Köner
Thomas Köner (born 1965 in Bochum, West Germany) is a multimedia artist whose main interest lies in combining visual and auditory experiences. The BBC, in a review of Köner's work in 1997, calls him a "media artist," one who works between installation, sound art, ambient music and as one half of Porter Ricks dub techno. A noted characteristics of Köner's dark ambient style are low drones and static soundscapes evocative of desolate, Arctic places.

Prix Ars Electronica
The Prix Ars Electronica is one of the best known and longest running yearly prizes in the field of electronic and interactive art, computer animation, digital culture and music. It has been awarded since 1987 by Ars Electronica (Linz, Austria).

In 2005, the Golden Nica, the highest prize, was awarded in six categories: "Computer Animation/Visual Effects," "Digital Musics," "Interactive Art," "Net Vision," "Digital Communities" and the "u19" award for "freestyle computing." Each Golden Nica came with a prize of €10,000, apart from the u19 category, where the prize was €5,000. In each category, there are also Awards of Distinction and Honorary Mentions.

The Golden Nica trophy is a replica of the Greek Nike of Samothrace. It is a handmade gold-plated wooden statuette that is approximately 35 cm high with a wingspan of about 20 cm.

"Prix Ars Electronica" is a phrase composed of French, Latin and Spanish words, loosely translated as "Electronic Arts Prize."
The Battle of San Pietro
The Battle of San Pietro is a documentary film directed by John Huston about the Battle of San Pietro Infine, 60 mi (97 km) from Naples, during World War II. It was shot by Jules Buck. It was released in the US in 1945 but shown to US troops earlier.

Huston and his crew—which included the British novelist and screenwriter Eric Ambler—were attached to the U.S. Army’s 143rd Regiment of the 36th Division. Unlike with many other military documentaries, it was claimed Huston’s cameramen filmed alongside the infantrymen as they fought their way up the hills to reach San Pietro. However, Huston's claim that the film was made during the battle was proven false by the research of Peter Maslowski in his 1993 book, Armed With Cameras.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Coenosarc
In corals, the coenosarc is the living tissue overlying the stony skeletal material of the coral. It secretes the coenosteum, the layer of skeletal material lying between the corallites (the stony cups in which the polyps sit). The coenosarc is composed of mesogloea between two thin layers of epidermis and is continuous with the body wall of the polyps. The coenosarc contains the gastrovascular canal system that links the polyps and allow them to share nutrients and symbiotic zooxanthellae.

Coenosteum
In corals, the coenosteum is the stony skeletal material secreted by the coenosarc, the layer of living material lying between the corallites (the stony cups in which the polyps sit). The coenosteum is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is generally a spongy, porous material. Sometimes the coenosteum has ornamentation such as ridges and beads, visible as raised areas of the coenosarc. The coenosteum and corallites together are known as the corallum.
Limonene
Limonene (/ˈlɪmənˌiːn/) is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the fragrance and essential oil of citrus fruit peels, taking its name from Italian limone ("lemon").

Limonene is a chiral molecule, and most biological sources produce just one enantiomer (isomer). The (+)-isomer, d-limonene, which is the (R)-enantiomer, occurs more commonly in nature in citrus fruit peels, the principal commercial source, from which it is obtained commercially by two primary methods: centrifugal separation and steam distillation. D-limonene is used as a flavoring agent in food manufacturing, in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone, and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.

The less common (−)-isomer, l-limonene, which is the (S)-enantiomer, has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.

Resin
A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water, predominantly terpenes. Technically, resins should not be confused with gums, which consist predominantly of water-soluble polysaccharides, although these two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context. Common resins include pine oleoresins, amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.

Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens, and are secreted in response to injury. Resins repel herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant.
John Henry Hirst
John Henry Hirst (29 April 1826 – 6 July 1882) was an English architect who designed civic, commercial and domestic buildings, mainly in Bristol and Harrogate. He is known in Harrogate for the designs which he created for the developer George Dawson, including large Neoclassical buildings, and the Gothic Revival St Peter's Church. Several of those designs, such as Prospect Crescent, Cambridge Crescent, and St Peter's Church, are now listed buildings. He is known in his home town, Bristol, for various projects, notably the Neoclassical Stoke Road Drinking Fountain, which is also a listed building.

Hirst died unexpectedly at home in Bristol in circumstances which first appeared unclear, but the inquest found that he had fallen downstairs at some point in the night or early morning and broken his neck.

Westbury-on-Trym
Westbury-on-Trym (sometimes written without hyphenation) is a suburb in the north of the City of Bristol, near the suburbs of Stoke Bishop, Westbury Park, Henleaze, Southmead and Henbury, in the southwest of England.

The place is partly named after the River Trym, which flows through it.

For elections to Bristol City Council, the area is part of Westbury-on-Trym and Henleaze electoral ward. From 1974 to 2016, Westbury-on-Trym was itself an electoral ward, initially electing 3 members to Bristol City Council and 1 member to Avon County Council, and later electing 2 members to the city council after ward boundary changes in 1999.
Viamata Saddle
Viamata Saddle (Bulgarian: седловина Виамата, ‘Sedlovina Viamata’ \se-dlo-vi-'na vi-a-'ma-ta\) is the ice-covered saddle of elevation 658 m on Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica, connecting Stavertsi Ridge on the east-northeast to Stribog Mountains on the west-southwest.  It is part of the glacial divide between Paré Glacier to the northwest and a part of the ice cap draining east-southeastwards into Hill Bay.

The saddle is named after the ancient Roman station of Viamata in Southern Bulgaria.

Stavertsi Ridge
Stavertsi Ridge (Bulgarian: Ставерски хребет, ‘Staverski Hrebet’ \'sta-ver-ski 'hre-bet\) is the mostly ice-covered ridge rising to 1169 m (Mount Cabeza) on Albena Peninsula, Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  The feature extends 11 km in east-west direction and 4.7 km in north-south direction, and is connected to Stribog Mountains to the west by Viamata Saddle.  It surmounts Paré Glacier to the northwest, and has its north and south slopes drained by Chumerna Glacier and Grigorov Glacier respectively.

The ridge is named after the settlement of Stavertsi in Northern Bulgaria.
Onchidoris
Onchidoris is a genus of dorid nudibranchs in the family Onchidorididae. One of its members is known to prey on barnacles and the others eat bryozoans. The radula contains a rachidian tooth when fully developed, but this is vestigial in some species.A molecular phylogeny study showed that they aren't closely related to some other species of Knoutsodonta within which genus they were formerly placed.

Knoutsodonta
Knoutsodonta is a genus of dorid nudibranchs in the family Onchidorididae. The radular teeth are an unusual shape and a molecular phylogeny study showed that they are not closely related to some other species of Onchidoris within which genus they were formerly placed.