hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yivli Minaret Mosque
Yivli Minaret Mosque (Turkish: Yivli Minare Camii) is a historic mosque located in Kaleiçi, the old town center of Antalya, Turkey. Situated along Cumhuriyet Street near Kalekapısı Square, it is one of the city’s most important landmarks. Its fluted brick minaret, adorned with traces of blue tilework, has become a widely recognized symbol of Antalya.

Kaleiçi
Kaleiçi is the historic city center of Antalya, located along the Mediterranean coast in southern Turkey. Enclosed by ancient city walls and overlooking the old harbor, it represents the original core of the city.

The area showcases the architectural and cultural influences of the Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods. Known for its narrow cobblestone streets, red-tiled Ottoman-era houses, and historical landmarks, Kaleiçi today is both a residential neighborhood and a major attraction for those interested in Antalya’s rich heritage.
Caritas Medical Centre
Caritas Medical Centre (Chinese: 明愛醫院; Cantonese Yale: Mìhng'oi Yīyún) is a Roman Catholic founded district general hospital in So Uk, Cheung Sha Wan, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is the largest hospital in Sham Shui Po District and co-managed by the Hospital Authority and Caritas Hong Kong.

So Uk
So Uk (Chinese: 蘇屋; Cantonese Yale: Sōuūk) is an area in New Kowloon of Hong Kong, located to the north of Cheung Sha Wan. It was originally a village founded and resided by a clan bearing the surname So. The area now includes the area surrounding So Uk Estate, and a major hospital, Caritas Medical Centre, is also located within the area.
Vegam (2007 film)
Vegam (/veɪɡəm/ transl. Speed) is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by K. R. Udhayashankar and starring Ashwin Shekhar and Veda. It is an unofficial remake of the American film Cellular. It was remade again in Tamil as Nayagan.

Nayagan (2008 film)
Nayagan (transl. Hero) is a 2008 Indian Tamil language action film directed by Saravana Sakthi, produced by Chakya Celluloid, and written by Vijaykumar Reddy.

The film stars J. K. Rithesh, Ramana, Sangeetha, Keerthi Chawla, Anita Hassanandani, and Anandaraj. It features guest appearances in item numbers by Anita Hassanandani and Rachana Maurya. The music was composed by Mariya Manohar.

The film released on 22 August 2008, was a direct remake of the Tamil film Vegam (2007) which itself was an uncredited remake of the 2004 American film Cellular. Nayagan was not a success, but Rithesh gained significant attention due to the film's extensive marketing.
Continental Glacier
Continental Glacier is in Bridger-Teton and Shoshone National Forests, in the U.S. state of Wyoming and straddles the Continental Divide in the northern Wind River Range. Continental Glacier is in both the Bridger and Fitzpatrick Wildernesses, and is part of the largest grouping of glaciers in the American Rocky Mountains. Continental Glacier is situated at an elevation range of 13,100 to 11,200 feet (4,000 to 3,400 m) and forms a nearly unbroken icefield over 3 miles (4.8 km) in length along a high altitude plateau to the north of Downs Mountain. Immediately east of Continental Glacier lies East Torrey Glacier.

Downs Mountain
Downs Mountain (13,355 ft (4,071 m)) is located in the Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Downs Mountain is the 15th highest peak in Wyoming. The summit is on the Continental Divide in both Shoshone and Bridger-Teton National Forests. The East Torrey Glacier is on the northern slopes of Downs Mountain, while Continental Glacier lies to the west and north and the Downs Glacier is 1 mi (1.6 km) to the south.
Poverty's Paradise
Poverty's Paradise is the fourth album from Naughty by Nature, released on May 30, 1995, as their final album under Tommy Boy Records. It peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. A single released from the album, "Feel Me Flow", achieved major success, peaking at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100, two other singles "Craziest" and "Clap Yo Hands", achieved minor success, the former peaking at number 51 on the Hot 100.

At the 37th Annual Grammy Awards, Poverty's Paradise won the award for Best Rap Album, which was a new category that year.

24-Carat Black
24-Carat Black (sometimes styled as The 24-Carat Black) was an American soul and funk band who recorded in the early 1970s.  Although they only released one album at the time, the late 1973 concept album Ghetto: Misfortune's Wealth produced and arranged by Dale Warren, their music has been sampled numerous times.  A second album compiled of unreleased recordings, Gone: The Promises of Yesterday, was released in 2009.
Diorama
A diorama is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes dioramas are enclosed in a glass showcase at a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies like military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling, or aircraft modeling.

In the United States around 1950 and onward, natural history dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled, or destroyed.

Charles Marie Bouton
Charles Marie Bouton (16 May 1781 – 28 June 1853) was a French painter. A student of Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Victor Bertin and the first French panorama painter Pierre Prévost, he concentrated mostly on the perspective and the art of distributing light and was thus led to the invention of the Diorama, which he shares the honor with Jacques Daguerre.

Among his paintings are Souterrains de Saint-Denis (1810), Vue de la cathédrale de Chartres (1833), and an Interior view of the church of Saint-Etienne-du-Mont (1842).
Joint Task Force 2
Joint Task Force 2 (JTF 2) is a special operations force of the Canadian Armed Forces under the operational control of CANSOFCOM. The unit's missions primarily involve counterterrorism, hostage rescue, direct action, and special reconnaissance.

The unit was create to fill the counter terrorism role after the disbandment of the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT). JTF 2 is often paired and typically compared to American 1st SFOD-D (CAG/Delta Force) and DEVGRU (SEAL Team 6), and the British Special Air Service.

Most information concerning JTF 2 is classified and is not usually commented on by the Canadian Armed Forces or the Canadian government.

Longest recorded sniper kills
Reports regarding the longest recorded sniper kills that contain information regarding the shooting distance and the identity of the sniper have been presented to the general public since 1967. Snipers have had a substantial history following the development of long distance weaponry. As weapons, ammunition, and aids to determine ballistic solutions improved, so too did the distance from which a kill could be targeted. In mid-2017 it was reported that an unnamed Canadian special forces operator, based in Iraq, had set a new record of 3,540 m (3,871 yd), beating the record previously held by an Australian sniper (also unnamed) at 2,815 m (3,079 yd). In November 2023, the record was once again broken by 58-year old sniper Viacheslav Kovalskyi of the Security Service of Ukraine, who shot a Russian soldier from a distance of 3,800 m (4,156 yd) during the Russo-Ukrainian war.
Air Rescue Wing Komaki Detachment (JASDF)
The Air Rescue Wing Komaki Detachment (小牧救難隊 (komaki-kyūnan-tai)) is a unit of the Air Rescue Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is also known as the Komaki Air Rescue Squadron. Responsible for airborne search and rescue, it is based at Komaki Air Base in Aichi Prefecture. It is equipped with UH-60J and U-125A aircraft.  It is the training unit for the Air Rescue Wing.

Air Rescue Wing (JASDF)
The Air Rescue Wing (航空救難団, koukuukyuunandan) is a wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. Responsible for airborne search and rescue, it is headquartered at Iruma Air Base in Saitama Prefecture and controls squadrons and detachments across Japan.  The helicopter airlift squadrons were previously under the authority of Air Support Command. It is equipped with CH-47J, UH-60J and U-125A aircraft.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Kleberg County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kleberg County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Kleberg County, Texas. There are one National Historic Landmark district and five individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. One individually listed property is a State Antiquities Landmark while two others are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks. The district includes additional Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Kleberg County, Texas
Kleberg County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,040. The county seat is Kingsville. The county was organized in 1913 and is named for Robert J. Kleberg, an early settler.

Kleberg County is part of the Kingsville, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice, TX Combined Statistical Area. Most of the county's land lies in the famed King Ranch, which also extends into neighboring counties.
Florida A&M University
Florida A&M University (FAMU), is a public historically black land-grant university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Founded in 1887, it is the third-largest historically black university in the US by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida. It is a member of the State University System of Florida and is accredited to award baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Florida A&M sports teams are known as the Rattlers, and compete in Division I of the NCAA.  They are a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC).

J. R. E. Lee
John Robert Edward Lee Sr. (January 26, 1864 – April 6, 1944) was an early leader in African-American education.  He served as the third President of Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, a historically black college, from 1924 to 1944.
Mike Viola
Michael Anthony Viola (born September 26, 1966) is an American producer, musician, songwriter, and singer, best known for his work with Panic! at the Disco, Andrew Bird, Ryan Adams, J.S. Ondara, Mandy Moore, and Jenny Lewis. His original music has been featured on soundtracks for movies such as That Thing You Do!, Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, and Get Him to the Greek.

As a teenager in the early 1980s, Viola played Boston-area clubs with his band, the Bottom Line, and was billed as "Boston's youngest musical talent." His parents, Charlene and Larry Viola, bought his equipment and allowed their basement to be turned into a rehearsal room.

Viola got his major professional start in the mid-1990s as the musical architect for New York–based band Candy Butchers, releasing three critically acclaimed albums with RPM/Sony Records before focusing on music production.

J.S. Ondara
J.S. Ondara,  known mononymously as Ondara, is a Grammy Award-nominated Kenyan and American singer-songwriter, whose debut album, Tales of America, was released on February 15, 2019 via Verve Forecast. The critical success of the debut led to a follow-up deluxe edition, Tales of America: The Second Coming, in September 2019 featuring the original lineup plus five bonus tracks.
Abraham Erb
Abraham Erb (12 July 1772 – 6 September 1830), sometimes called the founder of Waterloo, Ontario, was the first Mennonite settler from Pennsylvania. His brother John is considered the founder of the Preston community in Cambridge, Ontario.

Abraham purchased 4, 000 acres of land from the German Company Tract in 1806. He founded a sawmill that was instrumental in the development of Waterloo village.  Abraham offered help to many immigrants from his native Pennsylvania area through the means of education, shelter, and employment as they chose to move from the United States to Upper Canada. He was married to Magdalena and had one biological child, who died at the age of seven, and two adoptive children. His adopted son was named Barnabas, a noted land speculator.

Erb also built what is now known as the Erb-Kumpf House in c. 1812, making it likely the oldest home in Waterloo or one of the oldest homes in Waterloo.

Erb-Kumpf House
The Erb-Kumpf House (also known as the Kumpf House and the Abraham Erb House) is a two-storey house located on 172 King Street South in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The oldest portion of the house was constructed circa 1812 by Abraham Erb, the founder of Waterloo, likely making it the oldest home or one of the oldest homes in the city. In 1979, the Erb-Kumpf House was designated as a heritage home under the Ontario Heritage Act by the City of Waterloo.

As of December 2020, the house is occupied by the Oldfield, Greaves, D'Agostino, Billo & Nowak law firm.
Gribbell Island
Gribbell Island is an island on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada, located on the east side of the entrance to Douglas Channel at Wright Sound.  Gribble Island Indian Reserve No. 10 is on its west coast, between Verney Passage and Ursula Channel at 53°21′00″N 129°08′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.35000°N 129.13333°W﻿ / 53.35000; -129.13333﻿ (Gribble Island IR No. 10).  The small Wimbledon Range is on the south side of the island, facing the northern extremities of Princess Royal Island to the south, at 53°21′00″N 129°02′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.35000°N 129.03333°W﻿ / 53.35000; -129.03333﻿ (Wimbledon Range)

Ursula Channel
Ursula Channel is a channel in the North Coast region of British Columbia. It separates the east coast of Gribbell Island from the mainland. It was first charted in 1793 by Joseph Whidbey, master of the Discovery during George Vancouver’s 1791-95 expedition.
Lau–Colville Ridge
The Lau–Colville Ridge is an extinct oceanic ridge located on the oceanic Australian Plate in the south-west Pacific Ocean extending about 2,700 km (1,700 mi) from the south east of Fiji to the continental shelf margin of the North Island of New Zealand. It was an historic subduction boundary between the Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate and has important tectonic relationships to its east where very active spreading and subduction processes exist today. It is now the inactive part of an eastward-migrating, 100 million year old Lau-Tonga-Havre-Kermadec arc/back-arc system or complex and is important in understanding submarine arc volcanism because of these relationships. To its west is the South Fiji Basin whose northern bedrock is Oligocene in origin.

South Fiji Basin
The South Fiji Basin ( also Fiji Basin ) is a large  4 to 4.7 km (2.5 to 2.9 mi) deep oceanic basin in the south-west Pacific Ocean, south of Fiji. It was formed from the then Indo-Australian plate and is delimited to the north west by the New Hebrides Trench, and the Hunter fracture zone, to the west by the Three Kings Ridge, to the east by the Lau-Colville Ridge, and to the south by the continental shelf of Zealandia.
S4 (St. Gallen S-Bahn)
The S4 is a railway service of the St. Gallen S-Bahn that provides hourly service between Sargans and Rapperswil via St. Gallen, connecting stations in the cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell Ausserrhoden. The section near Lake Constance (Bodensee) is also part of the Bodensee S-Bahn. Südostbahn (SOB), a private company primarily owned by the federal government and the canton of St. Gallen, operates the service.

Between 2013–2023 it operated over a circular route (German: Ringzug), also running over the Ziegelbrücke–Sargans railway line south of the Walensee.

St. Gallen S-Bahn
The St. Gallen S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn St. Gallen) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail in Eastern Switzerland and neighbouring areas. The network connects stations in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Grisons, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zurich, as well as a few stations in Austria (Bregenz, Vorarlberg) and Germany (Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg and Lindau, Bavaria). Some services also operate as part of the Bodensee S-Bahn.

Services are operated by Appenzeller Bahnen (AB), Südostbahn (SOB), and Thurbo. Within Switzerland and until Konstanz, services operate within the Tarifverbund Ostwind (Ostwind fare network)  of northeastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
Asahi, Niigata
Asahi (朝日村, Asahi-mura) was a village located in Iwafune District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. The village was named after the Asahi Mountains.

As of 2005, the village had an estimated population of 11,836 and a density of 18.69 persons per km2. The total area was 629.32 km2.

On April 1, 2008, Asahi, along with the towns of Arakawa and Sanpoku, and the village of Kamihayashi (all from Iwafune District), was merged into the expanded city of Murakami.

The village was established in 1896 by merging Tatekoshi (館腰村), Miomote (三面村), Takane (高根村), Shionomachi (塩野町村), and Sarusawa (猿沢村) villages.

Asahi had a sister relationship with Kiyose, Tokyo.

38°16′N 139°32′E﻿ / ﻿38.267°N 139.533°E﻿ / 38.267; 139.533

Murakami, Niigata
Murakami (村上市, Murakami-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 58,300 in 22,594 households, and a population density of 50 persons per km². The total area of the city was 1,174.26 square kilometres (453.38 sq mi).
Copper–copper(II) sulfate electrode
The copper–copper(II) sulfate electrode is a reference electrode of the first kind, based on the redox reaction with participation of the metal (copper) and its salt, copper(II) sulfate.
It is used for measuring electrode potential and is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing cathodic protection corrosion control systems. The corresponding equation can be presented as follow:

Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu0(metal)

This reaction is characterized by reversible and fast electrode kinetics, meaning that a sufficiently high current can be passed through the electrode with 100% efficiency of the redox reaction (dissolution of the metal or cathodic deposition of the copper-ions).

The Nernst equation below shows the dependence of the potential of the copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode on the activity or concentration copper-ions:

The potential of a copper–copper sulfate electrode is +0.314 volt with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode.

Reference electrode
A reference electrode is an electrode that has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The overall chemical reaction taking place in a cell is made up of two independent half-reactions, which describe chemical changes at the two electrodes. To focus on the reaction at the working electrode, the reference electrode is standardized with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction.

There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half-cell to build an electrochemical cell. This allows the potential of the other half cell to be determined. An accurate and practical method to measure an electrode's potential in isolation (absolute electrode potential) has yet to be developed.
Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights
Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights  is a biannual student-produced law review at the University of Texas School of Law (Austin, TX, United States). It was established in 1992 as the Texas Forum on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights and covers the status of civil rights law and analyses of the relevant issues surrounding these laws.

In addition to the biannual publication, the journal hosts an annual symposium. It also hosts speeches, brown bag events, and other opportunities to expose law students to this area of law.

University of Texas School of Law
The University of Texas School of Law (Texas Law or UT Law) is the law school of the University of Texas at Austin, a public research university in Austin, Texas.  According to Texas Law’s ABA disclosures, 93.0% of the Class of 2024 obtained full-time, long-term bar passage required employment (i.e. as attorneys) nine months after graduation.
Gormiti (2018 TV series)
Gormiti is a CGI animated television series co-produced by Giochi Preziosi, Planeta Junior and Kotoc Produccions, based on the toy line of the same name. Unrelated to the two prior animated series in the franchise, the show was first unveiled at MIPJunior in October 2017. It began airing in United States, Spain, and Italy in the fall of 2018.

Gormiti
Gormiti: The Invincible Lords of Nature (Italian: Gormiti: Gli Invincibili Signori della Natura), later changed to Gormiti: The Lords of Nature Return!, is a toy property based primarily on 2 in (51 mm) tall non-articulated mini figures with a trading card game play aspect. The toys were created in Italy in 2005 by Grani & Partners/Giochi Preziosi.
Indonesia–Timor-Leste border
The Indonesia–Timor-Leste border is the international border between Timor-Leste and Indonesia. The border consists of two non-contiguous sections totalling 253 km (157 mi) in length, the larger section of which divides the island of Timor in two. The demarcation of the border between Indonesia and Timor-Leste has been fought over by various parties for 350 years. The first attempts to define it precisely were made by the colonial powers of the Netherlands and Portugal with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, but it was not until the Permanent Court of Arbitration's award of 25 June 1914 that the final land border between them on the island of Timor was established. It largely coincides with today's border between the state of Timor-Leste (East Timor), which only gained its final independence in 2002, and West Timor, which belongs to Indonesia, but was still disputed on some points until 2019.

Portuguese Timor
Portuguese Timor (Portuguese: Timor Português) was a Portuguese colony on the territory of present-day Timor-Leste from 1702 until 1975. During most of this period, Portugal shared the island of Timor with the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)

The first Europeans to arrive in the region were the Portuguese in 1515. Dominican friars established a presence on the island in 1556, and the territory was declared a Portuguese colony in 1702. Following the beginning of the Carnation Revolution (a Lisbon-instigated decolonisation process) in 1975, East Timor was invaded by Indonesia. However, the invasion was not recognised as legal by the United Nations (UN), which continued to regard Portugal as the legal Administering Power of East Timor. The independence of East Timor was finally achieved in 2002 following a UN-administered transition period.
Casson handle
In 4-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, a Casson handle is a 4-dimensional topological 2-handle constructed by an infinite procedure. They are named for Andrew Casson, who introduced them in about 1973. They were originally called "flexible handles" by Casson himself, and Michael Freedman (1982) introduced the name "Casson handle" by which they are known today. In that work he showed that Casson handles are topological 2-handles, and used this to classify simply connected compact topological 4-manifolds.

Handle decomposition
In mathematics, a handle decomposition of an m-manifold M is a union

where each  is obtained from  by the attaching of -handles.   A handle decomposition is to a manifold what a CW-decomposition is to a topological space—in many regards the purpose of a handle decomposition is to have a language analogous to CW-complexes, but adapted to the world of smooth manifolds.  Thus an i-handle is the smooth analogue of an i-cell.  Handle decompositions of manifolds arise naturally via Morse theory. The modification of handle structures is closely linked to Cerf theory.