hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Eckmühl
The Battle of Eckmühl fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under Archduke Charles of Austria and for the first time since assuming the French Imperial Crown had been forced to give up the strategic initiative to an opponent. Thanks to the dogged defense waged by the III Corps, commanded by Marshal Davout, and the Bavarian VII Corps, commanded by Marshal Lefebvre, Napoleon was able to defeat the principal Austrian army and wrest the strategic initiative for the remainder of the war.

Johann Kollowrat
Feldmarschall Johann Karl, Graf von Kolowrat-Krakowsky (21 December 1748 – 5 June 1816) joined the Austrian army, fought against the Kingdom of Prussia and Ottoman Turkey before being promoted to general officer rank. During combat against the French in the French Revolutionary Wars, he first became known as an artillery specialist. In the Napoleonic Wars, he commanded corps in the 1805 and 1809 campaigns. He became the Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment in 1801 and held that position until his death.

He was the last governor of the Kingdom of Serbia in 1791, having succeeded Count George Olivier of Wallis and acceded to those territories in accordance with the Treaty of Sistova.
Port Alice
Port Alice  is a village of approximately 739 residents (2021 census) located on Neroutsos Inlet, southwest of Port McNeill, on Vancouver Island, originally built by Whalen Pulp and Paper Mills of Vancouver.  The community is known for its natural environment, pulp mill, and salt water fishing.

Neroutsos Inlet
Neroutsos Inlet is an inlet on the north end of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. It is the south-east arm of Quatsino Sound.

Its entrance is northeast of Drake Island, about 29 kilometres (18 mi) from the entrance to Quatsino Sound. The inlet is 21 kilometres (13 mi) long in a southeasterly direction and varies in width from 550 metres (600 yd) to 1.6 kilometres (1 mi). Its shore are generally rugged and high, being backed by mountains from 610 to 910 metres (2,000 to 3,000 ft) high and terminating in low land at its head. Islands in the inlet are Lyons Islet, Frigon Islets, and Ketchen Island.

On the eastern shore of the inlet is Port Alice in an area with steep slopes, which experiences heavy rainfall and periodic mud and rock slides.

It experienced one of the severest marine pollution due to untreated waste from a sulfite pulp mill at Port Alice, which operated there since 1917.
Xue Hanqin
Xue Hanqin (Chinese: 薛捍勤; pinyin: Xuē Hànqín; born 15 September 1955) is a Chinese jurist at the International Court of Justice. On 29 June 2010, she was elected to fill the vacancy created by Shi Jiuyong's resignation on 28 May 2010. She is one of four female judges serving on the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Xue is the fifth Chinese judge at the ICJ, and the third representing the People's Republic of China (see Judges of the International Court of Justice).

As Xue was re-elected to the Court in 2011 and 2020, her term will expire on 5 February 2030. On the 6 February 2018, Xue was elected Vice President of the International Court of Justice for a three-year term.

Doctor of Juridical Science
A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; Latin: Scientiae Juridicae Doctor), or a Doctor of the Science of Law (JSD; Latin: Juridicae Scientiae Doctor), is a terminal research doctorate degree in law that is equivalent to a Ph.D. degree. In most countries (including the United States), it is the most advanced law degree that can be earned, higher than both a Juris Doctor (J.D.) and a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.).
Boso the Elder
Boso the Elder (c. 800 – c. 855), also known as Boson the Elder, was a Frankish nobleman and the earliest known ancestor of the Bosonid dynasty, a prominent aristocratic family in the Carolingian Empire. He held the title of Count of Turin, and was also associated with the region of Valois. Through his children and grandchildren, Boso became the progenitor of a noble lineage that played a key role in the politics of 9th-century West Francia, Burgundy, and Provence.

Teutberga
Teutberga (also spelled Theutberga; died 875) was a Frankish noblewoman and queen consort of Lothair II of Lotharingia. A member of the Bosonid dynasty, she became the central figure in one of the most politically charged marriage disputes of the 9th century. Her struggle to maintain her marriage and royal status against Lothair's efforts to annul the union became a defining case in medieval Church authority over marriage and annulment.
Extended file attributes
Extended file attributes are file system features that enable users to associate computer files with metadata not interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such as permissions or records of creation and modification times). Unlike forks, which can usually be as large as the maximum file size, extended attributes are usually limited in size to a value significantly smaller than the maximum file size. Typical uses include storing the author of a document, the character encoding of a plain-text document, or a checksum, cryptographic hash or digital certificate, and discretionary access control information.

In Unix-like systems, extended attributes are usually abbreviated as xattr.

Computer file
A computer file is a named collection of data treated as a unit by the system that manages it. Today, this system is called a file system. Many older computer systems lacked a distinct file system per se, yet a management feature is required in order to provide a file abstraction.

Files can be shared with and transferred between computers and mobile devices via removable media, networks, or the Internet.

Different types of computer files are designed for different purposes. A file may be designed to store a written message, a document, a spreadsheet, an image, a video, a program, or any wide variety of other kinds of data. Certain files can store multiple data types at once.

By using computer programs, a person can open, read, change, save, and close a computer file. Computer files may be reopened, modified, and copied an arbitrary number of times.
Schendyla antici
Schendyla antici is a species of soil centipede in the family Schendylidae. This species is notable as one of only six species in the order Geophilomorpha to feature centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs, which is also the minimum number recorded in the genus Schendyla. No other species in this genus features so few legs.

Schendyla
Schendyla is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Schendylidae. These centipedes are found in the west Palearctic region. This genus was described by Danish entomologists Vilhelm Bergsøe and Frederik Vilhelm August Meinert in 1866. This genus now includes more than 20 species.
Mykland (village)
Mykland is a rural village in northwestern Froland municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located along the Norwegian County Road 42 about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of the village of Blakstad and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of the village of Åmli. The village is located in a hilly, forested area that is the site of many small rivers and lakes. The village of Mykland was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Mykland which existed from 1876 until 1967 when the municipality was merged into Froland. The village has a school, store, gas station, and Mykland Church.

Froland
Froland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Blakstad, which along with Osedalen form the main population center of the municipality. Other villages in Froland include Bøylefoss, Bøylestad, Froland, Frolands verk, Heldalsmo, Hinnebu, Hynnekleiv, Jomås, Lauvrak, Libru, Løvjomås, Mjåvatn, Mjølhus, Mykland, and Risdal.

The 645-square-kilometre (249 sq mi) municipality is the 176th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Froland is the 155th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,174. The municipality's population density is 10.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (27/sq mi) and its population has increased by 13.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Doomsday Machine (album)
Doomsday Machine is the sixth studio album by Swedish melodic death metal band Arch Enemy, produced by Rickard Bengtsson and mixed by Andy Sneap. It is the third album to feature the vocals of Angela Gossow. The album had some commercial success, debuting at number 87 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 12,000 copies. It had sold 65,000 copies in the United States by April 2006. Christopher Amott left the band shortly after recording the album in July 2005 but rejoined 2 years later for the songwriting sessions for Rise of the Tyrant.

Michael Amott
Michael Amott (born 28 July 1969) is a Swedish guitarist, founding member of the metal bands Arch Enemy, Spiritual Beggars and Carnage, as well as a former member of Carcass. He is the older brother of Christopher Amott.

Amott was ranked No. 74 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World.
Postojna Cave
Postojna Cave (Slovene: Postojnska jama; German: Adelsberger Grotte; Italian: Grotte di Postumia) is a 24.34 km (15.12 mi) long karst cave system near Postojna, southwestern Slovenia. It is the second-longest cave system in the country (following the Migovec System) as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.

Postojna
Postojna (pronounced [pɔˈstóːjna] ⓘ; German: Adelsberg, Italian: Postumia) is a town in the traditional region of Inner Carniola, 35 kilometers (22 mi) from Trieste, in southwestern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Postojna. It includes the hamlet of Ravbarkomanda (sometimes also spelled Ravberkomanda, German: Räubercommando) to the northeast.
Omni Coliseum
Omni Coliseum (often called The Omni) was an indoor arena in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Completed in 1972, the arena seated 16,378 for basketball and 15,278 for hockey. It was part of the Omni Complex, now known as the CNN Center.

It was the home arena for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1972 until the arena's closure in 1997, and the Atlanta Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL) from their inception in 1972 until 1980, when the franchise was sold and relocated to Calgary, Alberta. It hosted the 1977 Final Four, the 1988 Democratic National Convention, and the 1996 Summer Olympics indoor volleyball competition.

The Omni was closed and demolished in 1997. Its successor, Philips Arena (now State Farm Arena), was constructed on the Omni's site and opened in 1999.

Weathering steel
Weathering steel, often called corten steel (or its trademarked name, COR-TEN) is a group of steel alloys that form a stable external layer of rust that eliminates the need for painting.

U.S. Steel (USS) holds the registered trademark on the name COR-TEN. The name COR-TEN refers to the two distinguishing properties of this type of steel: corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Although USS sold its discrete plate business to International Steel Group (now ArcelorMittal) in 2003, it makes COR-TEN branded material in strip mill plate and sheet forms.

The original COR-TEN received the standard designation A242 (COR-TEN A) from the ASTM International standards group. Newer ASTM grades are A588 (COR-TEN B) and A606 for thin sheet. All of the alloys are in common production and use.

The surface oxidation generally takes six months to develop, although surface treatments can accelerate this to as little as one hour.
Pasca
Pasca is a town and municipality in the Cundinamarca department of Colombia located in the Andes. It belongs to the Sumapaz Province. Pasca is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at a distance of 71 kilometres (44 mi) from the capital Bogotá. It borders Fusagasugá, Sibaté and Soacha in the north, Bogotá D.C. in the north and east, Arbeláez in the south and Fusagasugá in the west. Is the entrance to the Páramo del Sumapaz, the biggest ecosystem in its genre in the world. The urban center is located at an altitude of 2,180 metres (7,150 ft) and the altitude ranges from 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) to 3,500 metres (11,500 ft).

Arbeláez
Arbeláez (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾβeˈlaes]) is a town and municipality in the Cundinamarca Department, Colombia. It borders Fusagasugá, Pasca and other municipalities of the Sumapaz Province.
Arbeláez is recognized as a quiet and friendly city of Colombia. It is known for its touristic interest due to mountain landscape, recreation centers, walking trails, ecotourism and sites presenting multiple opportunities for visitors.
Clyde Coombs
Clyde Hamilton Coombs (July 22, 1912 – February 4, 1988) was an American psychologist specializing in the field of mathematical psychology. He devised a voting system, that was hence named Coombs' method.

Coombs founded the Mathematical Psychology program at the University of Michigan.  His students included Amos Tversky, Robyn Dawes, and Baruch Fischhoff, all important researchers in Decision Sciences. The classic text "An Introduction to Mathematical Psychology," by Coombs, Dawes, and Tversky was a must for Michigan graduate students in Mathematical and Experimental Psychology.

In 1959 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

The development of scaling theory by Louis Guttman and Clyde Coombs has been recognized by Science as one of 62 major advances in the social sciences in the period 1900–1965

Louis Guttman
Louis Guttman (Hebrew: לואיס (אליהו) גוטמן; February 10, 1916 – October 25, 1987) was an American sociologist and Professor of Social and Psychological Assessment at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, known primarily for his work in social statistics.
Fylde RFC
Fylde Rugby Union Club /ˈfaɪld/ is a rugby union club based in Lytham St Annes, on the Fylde coast in Lancashire, England. The home venue is the Woodlands Memorial Ground on Blackpool Road in Ansdell and the first team play in English rugby's National League 2 North, the fourth tier of the English rugby union system, following their relegation from National League 1 at the end of the 2017–18 season. There are another two senior teams, the Hawks and the Vandals, who play in the English North West Leagues, in the NW Premiership and NW3 North. There is also a Colts team. In previous seasons the Colts have played in the Lancashire & Cheshire regional leagues.

1980 British Lions tour to South Africa
In 1980 the British Lions rugby union team toured South Africa (including one game in Windhoek, South West Africa, the future Namibia). The tour was not a success for the Lions, as they lost the first three tests before salvaging some pride with a win in the fourth. The team did however win all their 14 non-international matches. The Lions were captained by Bill Beaumont.
Matt Twist
Matthew Twist KPM is a senior British police officer, serving in the Metropolitan Police from 1996 to 2013 and 2016 to present, with the intervening period spent in Surrey Police. It was announced in September 2022 that he would become Temporary Assistant Commissioner for Met Operations, in which role he succeeded Louisa Rolfe; he was appointed to that rank permanently in August 2023. Since 2024, he has been Assistant Commissioner for Frontline Policing.

Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
Assistant Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, usually just Assistant Commissioner (AC), is the third highest rank in London's Metropolitan Police, ranking below Deputy Commissioner and above Deputy Assistant Commissioner. There have usually been four officers in the rank; however, at times there have been five to seven. As of August 2025, there are five owing to the continuing secondment of Sir Stephen Kavanagh to Interpol.

From 1 September 2016, the salary is £198,823 (plus £2,373 allowance). This does not include the use of a private car and pension contributions. This makes them the equal fifth highest paid police officers in the United Kingdom, behind the commissioner, the deputy commissioner, the chief constable of Police Scotland and the chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, and alongside the chief constables of West Midlands and Greater Manchester.
Charles River Bike Path
The Charles River Bike Path is a mixed-use path in the Boston, Massachusetts area.  A portion of the trail is named after the cardiologist Paul Dudley White, a prominent advocate of preventive medicine. His research led him to proclaim frequently "I'd like to put everybody on bicycles." In 1955 White served as president Eisenhower's cardiologist and prescribed his famous patient bicycle therapy after his 1955 heart attack.

The path follows both shores of the Charles River from Boston, Massachusetts to Norumbega Park in Newton, passing through Watertown and Waltham.  The path consists of several segments in the Charles River Reservation separated by road and bridge crossings and forms part of the planned East Coast Greenway, the 3,000-mile trail system connecting cities from Maine to Florida.

East Coast Greenway
The East Coast Greenway is a 3,000-mile (4,800 km) pedestrian and bicycle route between Maine and Florida along the East Coast of the United States. The nonprofit East Coast Greenway Alliance was created in 1991 with the goal to use the entire route with off-road, shared-use paths; as of 2021, over 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of the route (35%) meets these criteria. In 2020, the Greenway received over 50 million visits.
1978 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament
The 1978 Missouri Valley Conference men's basketball tournament was held February 27–March 5; the first two rounds were played on campus sites with the semifinal and final contested at the Omaha Civic Auditorium in Omaha, Nebraska, hosted by Creighton University.

In a battle of conference newcomers, top-seeded Creighton defeated third-seeded Indiana State in the title game, 54–52, to win their first MVC tournament title.

The Bluejays, in turn, received a bid to the 1978 NCAA tournament.

1977–78 Creighton Bluejays men's basketball team
The 1977–78 Creighton Bluejays men's basketball team represented Creighton University during the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bluejays, led by head coach Tom Apke, played their home games at the Omaha Civic Auditorium. The Jays finished with a 19–9 record (12–4 MVC), and won the Missouri Valley Conference tournament to earn an automatic bid to the 1978 NCAA tournament. As No. 3 qualifying seed in the Midwest region, the Jays fell to No. 1 at-large seed DePaul in the opening round.
Treharris
Treharris is a town and community (and electoral ward) in the Taff Bargoed Valley in the south of Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, South Wales. It is located about 0.6 miles (1.0 km) west of Trelewis, from which it is separated by the Taff Bargoed river, and 0.9 miles (1.4 km) from Nelson in Caerphilly county borough and has a population of 6,356 from the 2011 Census. As a community, Treharris includes the villages of Quakers Yard and Edwardsville. Due to steepness and narrowness of both the Taff and Taff Bargoed valleys at Treharris several notable bridges and viaducts have been built in the area.

Quakers Yard
Quakers Yard or Quaker's Yard (Welsh: Mynwent y Crynwyr) is a village in the Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, situated where the Taff Bargoed Valley joins the Taff Valley. The settlement is part of the community of Treharris.
Oaxaca cheese
Oaxaca cheese (Spanish: queso Oaxaca) (/wəˈhɑːkə/ wə-HAH-kə), also known as quesillo and queso de hebra, is a white, semihard, low-fat cheese that originated in Mexico. It is similar to unaged Monterey Jack, but with a texture similar to mozzarella or string cheese.

String cheese
String cheese is any of several different types of cheese where the manufacturing process aligns the proteins in the cheese, making it stringy.

When mozzarella is heated to 60 °C (140 °F) and then stretched, the milk proteins line up. It is then possible to peel strings or strips from the larger cheese.
Nuclear Blast Records
Nuclear Blast Records is a German record label with subsidiaries in Germany, the United States and Brazil. It was founded in 1987 by Markus Staiger in Donzdorf. Originally releasing hardcore punk records, the label moved on to releasing albums by thrash metal, melodic death metal, grindcore, industrial metal, power metal and black metal bands, as well as tribute albums. It also distributes and promotes post-hardcore/metalcore labels SharpTone Records. Another post-hardcore/metalcore label, Arising Empire, was in Nuclear Blast's portfolio until its acquisition by Kontor New Media in 2020.

In October 2018, French independent label Believe Digital acquired a majority stake in Nuclear Blast.

Arising Empire
Arising Empire is a German independent record label that focuses primarily on punk, rock, alternative, post-hardcore, and all forms and subsidiaries of metalcore music. It was first established in 2015 in Donzdorf, Baden-Württemberg.
1900 MJFA season
The 1900 MJFA season, also known as the 1900 MFA season, was the 9th season of the Metropolitan Junior Football Association (MJFA).

Leopold won the MJFA premiership for the first time, defeating South Melbourne Juniors in the 1900 MJFA Grand Final. This was the first time a grand final had been held in the MJFA, as prior to this season it was not necessary.

Leopold Football Club
The Leopold Football Club was an Australian rules football club based in the suburb of South Melbourne.

The club is best known for acting as the reserves team for the South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Junior Football League (VJFL, later AFL reserves) from 1919 until 1924.
46th Berlin International Film Festival
The 46th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 15 to 26 February 1996. The Golden Bear was awarded to Sense and Sensibility directed by Ang Lee.

The retrospective dedicated to American film director, producer and screenwriter William Wyler was shown at the festival.

The Sun Has Ears
The Sun Has Ears (Chinese: 太陽有耳; Jyutping: taai3 joeng4 jau5 ji5) is a 1996 Hong Kong drama film directed by Yim Ho. It was entered into the 46th Berlin International Film Festival, where Yim Ho won the Silver Bear for Best Director.
Kuroshio (train)
The Kuroshio (くろしお) is a limited express train service in Japan connecting Kyoto, Shin-Osaka, Tennōji, Wakayama, Kii-Tanabe, Shirahama, and Shingu via the Tokaido Main Line (JR Kyoto Line), Osaka Loop Line, Hanwa Line, and Kisei Line (Kinokuni Line), operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). This article also covers the derivative limited express trains, "Super Kuroshio (スーパーくろしお)" and "Ocean Arrow (オーシャンアロー)", the names of which were discontinued from start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012.

289 series
The 289 series (289系, 289-kei) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West) in Japan on limited express services in the Kyoto and Osaka area since October 2015. The trains were converted from former dual-voltage (1,500 V DC and 20 kV AC) 683-2000 series EMUs formerly used on Shirasagi services and made surplus following the 14 March 2015 timetable revision.
Jesse Ball
Jesse Ball (born June 7, 1978) is an American novelist and poet. He has published novels, volumes of poetry, short stories, and drawings. His works are distinguished by their spare style and have been compared to those of Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino.

Guernica (magazine)
Guernica / A Magazine of Art and Politics is an American digital magazine known for publishing fiction, poetry, essays, reportage, art, and interviews that focus primarily on global perspectives and the intersection between art and politics. The magazine is particularly committed to world literature, platforming marginalized voices and translating work from all continents into English, and it has been a place of first publication for many notable writers.