hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soil structure
In geotechnical engineering, soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is determined by how individual soil granules clump, bind together, and aggregate, resulting in the arrangement of soil pores between them. Soil has a major influence on water and air movement, biological activity, root growth and seedling emergence. There are several different types of soil structure. It is inherently a dynamic and complex system that is affected by different biotic and abiotic factors.

Pore space in soil
The pore space of soil contains the liquid and gas phases of soil, i.e., everything but the solid phase that contains mainly minerals of varying sizes as well as organic compounds.

In order to understand porosity better a series of equations have been used to express the quantitative interactions between the three phases of soil.

Macropores or fractures play a major role in infiltration rates in many soils as well as preferential flow patterns, hydraulic conductivity and evapotranspiration. Cracks are also very influential in gas exchange, influencing respiration within soils. Modeling cracks therefore helps understand how these processes work and what the effects of changes in soil cracking such as compaction, can have on these processes.

The pore space of soil is the habitat of plant roots (rhizosphere), soil fauna and microorganisms, and in turn growing plant roots and burrowing soil animals affect it by creating networks of interconnected pores.
Ilepcimide
Ilepcimide, also known as antiepilepserine, is an anticonvulsant. It is a piperidine derivative that was first synthesized by Chinese researchers as an analogue of piperine, the main pungent compound and phytochemical of black pepper (and of other plants in the family Piperaceae).

Ilepcimide has serotonergic activity.

Piperine
Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from the plant, Piper nigrum. Responsible for the pungency of black pepper, it is used in food flavorings as a spice, in fragrances, as an insecticide, and as an animal pest repellent.

Along with its isomer chavicine, piperine from black pepper and long pepper has pungency effects via activation of TRPV1.

It has been used in some forms of traditional medicine. It can be acutely toxic if swallowed in high doses.
Lewis de Claremont
Lewis de Claremont, also spelled Louis de Clermont, was the pseudonym of an American author on occultism who flourished during the 1930s.

Books attributed to de Claremont include 7 Steps to Power, 7 Keys to Success, The Ancient's Book of Magic, The Ancient Book of Formulas, and Legends of Incense, Herb, and Oil Magic. Although authorship of his writings was claimed by the publisher Joseph Kay (Joseph Spitalnick) for purposes of copyright renewal, this claim has been easily disproved, and it is speculated that the author was also the proprietor of the Oracle Products Company, a spiritual supply house specializing in African-American hoodoo goods in New York City, who also used the name Mr. Young.

Under the name Mr. Young, he may also have been the ghost-writer of the "autobiography" of Benjamin Rucker, an African-American stage magician professionally known as Black Herman.

Many of de Claremont's titles have been reprinted by a variety of publishers and remain in print.

Black Herman
Benjamin Rucker (1892 – April 15, 1934) was an American stage magician, better known by his stage name Black Herman. He was the most prominent African-American magician of his time.

He appears as a major character in Ishmael Reed's 1972 novel Mumbo-Jumbo.
Reneé Rapp
Reneé Jane Rapp (born January 10, 2000) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She gained recognition for starring as Regina George in the Broadway musical Mean Girls (2019–2020). She reprised the role in the 2024 musical film adaptation and also contributed to its soundtrack. Rapp has also acted in the HBO Max comedy series The Sex Lives of College Girls (2021–2024). She released her debut EP, Everything to Everyone, in 2022, which was followed by her full-length studio album, Snow Angel, in 2023. Rapp's second album, Bite Me, was released on August 1, 2025.

The Sex Lives of College Girls
The Sex Lives of College Girls is an American teen comedy-drama television series created by Mindy Kaling and Justin Noble for Max from November 18, 2021 to January 23, 2025. In December 2021 the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on November 17, 2022. In December 2022 the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered on November 21, 2024. In March 2025, the series was canceled after three seasons.
Elissar Naddaf
Elissar Naddaf (Arabic: اليسار ندّاف) born on September 7, 1971, is a Lebanese media executive. She is the chairwoman of the board of directors and director-general of Télé Liban, the Lebanese national public broadcaster. Her appointment by the Council of Ministers ended decades of neglect and vacancy. The appointment process was praised for its transparency and clarity, favoring competence over corruption, interference, and quotas. Prior to her nomination, Naddaf served as an advisor to the Minister of Information and spearheaded the digitization of the archives, focusing on Francophonie and women.

Télé Liban
Télé Liban (also known as TL, Arabic: تلفزيون لبنان) is the first Lebanese public television network, owned by the Lebanese government. It was a result of a merger of the privately run Compagnie Libanaise de Télévision (CLT) (channels 7 and 9) and Télé-Orient (channels 5 and 11). TL is the current Lebanese member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), and the Arab States Broadcasting Union (ASBU).
Mzimba District
Mzimba is a district in the Northern Region of Malawi. The capital is Mzimba and the biggest town is Mzuzu, which is also the administrative headquarters of the Northern Region. The district covers an area of 10,473 km2 and has a population of 1,017,701 (2023). It is the largest district in Malawi. The district is inhabited by Tumbuka people. Chitumbuka is the predominant language spoken in the district.

Mzimba
11°54′S 33°36′E﻿ / ﻿11.900°S 33.600°E﻿ / -11.900; 33.600

Mzimba is a town in the Mzimba District of Malawi. The district is inhabited by descendants of Tumbuka and few Ngoni people.

The district of Mzimba has a number of Traditional Authorities from the Ngoni people. The head of these Traditional Authorities, or Paramount Chief (Inkosi), is M'Mbelwa V.

Formerly an administrative centre, the town has declined in importance since 1940. The surrounding region includes the Mzimba Plain, the northern extension of the Central Region Plateau, Mount Hora (5,742 feet [1,750 metres]), and the Viphya Mountains. Poor soils support subsistence agriculture, as well as a Turkish-tobacco cash crop. Pop. (2008) 20,756.
New York State Route 690
New York State Route 690 (NY 690) is a freeway in Central New York in the United States.  NY 690's southern terminus is at an interchange with the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90 or I-90) and I-690 in Van Buren. The northern terminus is at an intersection with NY 48 and NY 631 in Lysander. NY 690 serves the northwest suburbs of Syracuse and Onondaga County. It also provides a link to routes that run into the populated areas of Oswego County, because its northern terminus is just a few miles shy of the county line.

NY 690 is an extension of I-690 in the northwest suburbs of Syracuse. NY 690 is a divided, four-lane highway for its entire run, and is signed north–south even though I-690 is signed east–west. NY 690 is one of two state routes that serve as an extension of an Interstate Highway in the Syracuse area, the other being NY 481. NY 690 was designated on July 1, 1974.

Lysander, New York
Lysander is a town in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 23,074. The town was named after Lysander, a Spartan military leader, by a clerk interested in the classics. Lying to the northwest of Syracuse, much of the town is suburban in character.
II Air Support Command
The II Air Support Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It was last assigned to Third Air Force at Biggs Field, Texas, as the II Tactical Air Division, where it was inactivated on 22 December 1945.

The command was organized in September 1941 as the 2nd Air Support Command to control the tactical units of 2d Air Force.

Third Air Force
The Third Air Force (Air Forces Europe) (3 AF) is a numbered air force of the United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA). Its headquarters is Ramstein Air Base, Germany. It is responsible for all U.S. air forces in Europe and Africa, and operations and support activities in the U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command's areas of responsibility.
It also has a unique mission as the U.S. military's primary liaison to the British government, which is conducted through the command's 3 AF-UK headquarters at RAF Mildenhall, England.

One of the four original pre–World War II numbered air forces, it was established on 26 March 1941, at Tampa, Florida with a mission of air defense of the Southeastern United States and Gulf Coast regions. During the war, its primary mission became the organization and training of combat units prior to their deployment to the overseas combat air forces. Several airfields are associated with the Third Air Force.
Thomas Begley
Thomas Begley (10 November 1970 – 23 October 1993) was a Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) Volunteer. Begley was killed when a bomb he was planting on the Shankill Road, West Belfast, Northern Ireland exploded prematurely, killing him, a UDA member and eight Protestant civilians.

Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade
The Belfast Brigade of the Provisional IRA was the largest of the organisation's brigades, based in the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland.

The nucleus of the Belfast Brigade emerged in the divisions within Belfast republicans in the closing months of 1969, and was formally established in January 1970 as the structures of the new dissident group were created after splitting from the Official IRA.

The brigade was organised along geographical lines into three battalions:

The first battalion covered the Upper Falls, Ballymurphy and Andersonstown

The second battalion covered the Lower Falls, Clonard and the Divis Flats

And the third battalion covered The Bone and the Short Strand.
USS America (CV-66)
USS America (hull number CVA/CV-66) was one of three Kitty Hawk-class supercarriers built for the United States Navy in the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, she spent most of her career operating in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, but did make three Pacific Ocean deployments serving in the Vietnam War. She also served in the Persian Gulf War's operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

America was the first large aircraft carrier since Operation Crossroads in 1946 to be expended in weapons tests. In 2005, she was scuttled southeast of Cape Hatteras, after four weeks of tests, despite a large protest of former crew members who wanted to see her instituted as a memorial museum. She was the largest warship ever sunk.

Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier
The  Kitty Hawk-class supercarriers of the United States Navy were an incremental improvement on the Forrestal-class vessels. Three were built, all in the 1960s, Kitty Hawk (CV-63) (1961–2009), Constellation (CV-64) (1961–2003), and America (CV-66) (1965–1996), as well as the variant John F. Kennedy (CV-67) (1967–2007).

The lead ship of the class, Kitty Hawk, was decommissioned in 2009, the last of the class to leave active service.
Sidney Czira
Sidney Sarah Madge Czira (née Gifford; 3 August 1889 – 15 September 1974), known by her pen name John Brennan, was an Irish journalist, broadcaster, writer and revolutionary. She was an active member of the revolutionary group Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland) and wrote articles for its newspaper, Bean na h-Éireann, and for Arthur Griffith's newspaper Sinn Féin.

Inghinidhe na hÉireann
Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Irish: [ˈɪnʲiːnʲiː n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ]; "Daughters of Ireland") was a radical Irish nationalist women's organisation led and founded by Maud Gonne from 1900 to 1914, when it merged with the new Cumann na mBan (The Irishwomen's Council).
HD suisse
HD suisse is a former Swiss high-definition television channel operated by the public service broadcaster SRG SSR. This was the 8th channel launched by SRG SSR, and the first Swiss television channel available in high definition.

The channel began broadcasting on 3 December 2007, at 20:00 CET.

Programming came from the four TV networks operated by SRG SSR (Schweizer Fernsehen, Télévision Suisse Romande, Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana and Radio Television Rumantscha), plus music concerts and documentaries (produced by National Geographic Channel).

The channel broadcast in all four national languages of Switzerland: German, French, Italian and Romansh.

HD suisse was closed on 31 January 2012, in preparations to launch HD versions of SRG SSR's channels; SRF 1, SRF zwei, RTS Un, RTS Deux, RSI La 1 and RSI La 2 on 29 February 2012.

Schweizer Fernsehen
Schweizer Fernsehen (SF; "Swiss Television") was the German-language division of SRG SSR, in charge of production and distribution of television programmes in Switzerland for German-speaking Switzerland. It had its head office in Zürich. Its most viewed programme was Tagesschau (news), daily at 7:30 pm.

It was formerly called SF DRS (Schweizer Fernsehen der deutschen und rätoromanischen Schweiz; "Swiss television of German and Romansh Switzerland") until 2005. On 1 January 2011, Schweizer Fernsehen and Schweizer Radio DRS began the process of merging the two entities into Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF). On 16 December 2012, the merger was complete, with SF and SR DRS adopting the SRF name to their television and radio stations.
Stavros Niarchos
Stavros Spyrou Niarchos (Greek: Σταύρος Σπύρου Νιάρχος, pronounced [ˈstavros ˈspiru ˈɲarxos]; 3 July 1909 – 15 April 1996) was a Greek billionaire shipping tycoon. Starting in 1952, he had the world's biggest supertankers built for his fleet. Propelled by both the Suez Crisis and increasing demand for oil, he and rival Aristotle Onassis became giants in global petroleum shipping.

Niarchos was also a thoroughbred horse breeder and racer, several times the leading owner and number one on the French breed list.

Elena Ford
Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos (née Ford; born May 25, 1966) is an American businesswoman. She is the Chief Customer Experience Officer at Ford Motor Company and the first woman in the Ford family to hold an executive position at the company.
2020 California Golden Bears football team
The 2020 California Golden Bears football team represented the University of California, Berkeley during the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by head coach Justin Wilcox, in his fourth year as head coach. The team's offense was led by Bill Musgrave, who replaced Beau Baldwin; Baldwin left to become the head coach at Cal Poly.

On August 11, 2020, the Pac-12 Conference canceled all Fall 2020 sports competitions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On September 24, it was announced that a seven-game season would be played in 2020, and the schedule was officially announced on October 3. Due to additional COVID-related game cancellations, the Bears ultimately only played four games and finished with a 1–3 record for the season, with the sole win coming against No. 23 ranked Oregon.

2020 Cal Poly Mustangs football team
The 2020 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo as member of the Big Sky Conference during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by first-year head coach Beau Baldwin, the Mustangs compiled an overall record of 0–3 with an identical mark in conference play, placing eighth in the Big Sky. Cal poly played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California.

On March 29, 2021, Cal Poly announced that the team would opt out of the remainder of the 2021 spring season, citing safety issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and numerous injuries to players.
Blind Alley
"Blind Alley" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the March 1945 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, and later included in the collection The Early Asimov (1972).

Although the story postulates a race of intelligent non-humans, it is set in the Foundation universe, during the era of Trantor's Galactic Empire.

The Early Asimov
The Early Asimov or, Eleven Years of Trying is a 1972 collection of short stories by American writer Isaac Asimov. Each story is accompanied by commentary by the author, who gives details about his life and his literary achievements in the period in which he wrote the story, effectively amounting to a sort of autobiography for the years 1938 to 1949. (The book was followed by Before the Golden Age in 1974 and Buy Jupiter and Other Stories in 1975, which also included autobiographical material.)

The book is dedicated to John W. Campbell, the editor who bought many of the stories collected in this book.
Mount Olive, North Carolina
Mount Olive is a town in Duplin and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At the 2020 census, the population was 4,198. It is included in the Goldsboro metropolitan area. The town is home to the Mt. Olive Pickle Company and the University of Mount Olive.

Mt. Olive Pickle Company
The Mt. Olive Pickle Company is an American food processing company located in Mount Olive, North Carolina. The company's primary product is pickled cucumbers, but it  also is a large supplier of relish, mixed pickle, and other pickled vegetables. In 2024, the company began producing a gourmet line of pickles, relishes and peppers under its Majestic brand.

The headquarters and production facilities are located in Mount Olive on 250 acres (100 ha) with 1,500,000 square feet (140,000 m2) of production and warehouse space.  Mt. Olive sells more than 230 million jars of pickles, peppers and relishes per year and employs more than 1,200  people in North Carolina. The company is privately owned and does not release much financial information. A year-end news release for 2024 disclosed only the company's charitable contributions.
George de Villebois-Mareuil
George Henri Anne-Marie Victor, Count de Villebois-Mareuil (22 March 1847 – 6 April 1900) was a French army officer and writer who served in the Franco-Prussian War, French conquest of Tunisia and Second Boer War. In 1899, he went to Southern Africa as a foreign volunteer to fight for the Boer republics against the British. Villebois-Mareuil was motivated to fight in the war due to his anti-British sentiment stemming from the Fashoda Incident. He was promoted to the rank of major general in Boer service but was killed in action only months after arriving in Southern Africa.

Fashoda Incident
The Fashoda Incident, also known as the Fashoda Crisis (French: Crise de Fachoda), was the climax of imperialist territorial disputes between Britain and France in East Africa, occurring between 10 July and 3 November 1898. A French expedition to Fashoda on the White Nile sought to gain control of the Upper Nile river basin and thereby exclude Britain from Sudan. The French party and a British-Egyptian force (outnumbering the French by 10 to 1) met on friendly terms. However, in Europe, it became a war scare. Both empires stood on the verge of war with heated rhetoric on both sides. Under heavy pressure, the French withdrew, ensuring Anglo-Egyptian control over the area.
1947 Kentucky Derby
The 1947 Kentucky Derby was the 73rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race took place on May 3, 1947, on a track rated slow. Jet Pilot led wire-to-wire and won in a three-horse photo finish. Jet Pilot finished a head in front of Phalanx and a length ahead of Faultless. Faultless went on to win the 1947 Preakness Stakes while Phalanx won the 1947 Belmont Stakes.

1947 Preakness Stakes
The 1947 Preakness Stakes was the 72nd running of the $100,000 added Preakness Stakes, a horse race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds. The second leg of the U.S. Triple Crown series took place on May 10, 1947, and was run seven days after the 1947 Kentucky Derby. Ridden by Douglas Dodson, who was praised by the Daily Racing Form for a smart ride, Faultless won the mile and three sixteenths race by one and a quarter lengths over runner-up On Trust with the betting favorite Phalanx in third. Jet Pilot, winner of the Kentucky Derby, finished fourth. The race was run on a track rated fast in a final time of 1:59 flat.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy ("sigma", the Greek term for letter "s/ς" + "eidos" + "scopy": namely, to look inside an "s"/"ς"-like object) is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through to the nearest part of the colon, the sigmoid colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope, and rigid sigmoidoscopy, which uses a rigid device. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is generally the preferred procedure. A sigmoidoscopy is similar to, but not the same as, a colonoscopy. A sigmoidoscopy only examines up to the sigmoid, the most distal part of the colon, while colonoscopy examines the whole large bowel.

Endoscopy
An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ.

There are many types of endoscopies. Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by a doctor or a surgeon. During the procedure, a patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Similar instruments are called borescopes for nonmedical use.
Harbor Drive
Harbor Drive is a short roadway in Portland, Oregon, spanning a total length of 0.7 miles (1.1 km), which primarily functions as a ramp to and from Interstate 5. It was once much longer, running along the western edge of the Willamette River in the downtown area. Originally constructed from 1942–43, the vast majority of the road was replaced with Tom McCall Waterfront Park in the 1970s.  Signed as U.S. Route 99W, it had been the major route through the city and its removal is often cited as the first instance of freeway removal in the U.S. and as a milestone in urban planning; the original road is remembered as the first limited-access highway built in the city.

Naito Parkway
Naito Parkway is a major thoroughfare of Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon. It was formerly known as Front Avenue and Front Street and was renamed in 1996 to honor Bill Naito. It runs between SW Barbur Boulevard and NW Front Avenue, and adjacent to Tom McCall Waterfront Park through Downtown Portland.
Sandra Seuser
Sandra Maria Seuser (born 17 April 1966 in Berlin) is a retired German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

At the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Seville Seuser helped win the gold medal in an indoor world record time of 3:27.22 minutes. Her teammates were Katrin Schreiter, Annett Hesselbarth and Grit Breuer. At the 1993 World Championships in Athletics Seuser finished fifth in the same event.

Katrin Schreiter
Katrin Schreiter (born 24 February 1969 in Arnstadt) is a retired German sprinter who specialized in the 400 metres.

At the 1991 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Seville Schreiter helped win the gold medal in an indoor world record time of 3:27.22 minutes. The teammates were Sandra Seuser, Annett Hesselbarth and Grit Breuer. At the 1991 World Championships in Athletics Schreiter ran in the heats for the German team who later finished third in the final.