hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bettendorf, Iowa
Bettendorf is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Bettendorf is one of the five cities that comprise the Quad Cities region along the Mississippi River. It is located adjacent to Davenport, Iowa, and across the river from Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island in Illinois. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 as of the 2020 census.

Joseph W. Bettendorf
Joseph W. Bettendorf (October 10, 1864 – May, 1933) was an American businessman with his brother William P. Bettendorf in Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa.  The city of Bettendorf is named after the two brothers.
Orange (CDP), Massachusetts
Orange is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Orange in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 4,018 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Franklin County, Massachusetts
Franklin County is a nongovernmental county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 71,029, which made it the least populous county on the Massachusetts mainland, and the third least populous county in the state. Its traditional county seat and most populous city is Greenfield. Its largest town by area is New Salem. Franklin County comprises the Greenfield Town, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield–Greenfield Town, MA Combined Statistical Area.
Minyichthys
Minyichthys is a circumtropical genus of pipefishes consisting of species from the Indo-Pacific and eastern and western Atlantic regions.  The genus is characterized as having a maximum standard length of about 60 mm, with two or three anal fin rays.  Minyichthys species can be differentiated from members of the closely related genus Micrognathus by their higher frequency of total subdorsal rings (seven to 11 as opposed to three to seven).

Like many other pipefishes, male members of this genus carry their young in a brood pouch underneath the tail.  These small, secretive fishes live in shallow algae or reef habitats, and in tidal pools and sheltered reef flats.  Some species are known to venture into deeper waters.

Pipefish
Pipefishes or  pipe-fishes (Syngnathinae) are a subfamily of small fishes, which, together with the seahorses and seadragons (Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx), form the family Syngnathidae. The name comes from Ancient Greek σύν (sún), meaning "together", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw", referring to the fused jaw that the subfamily's species have in common.
Delhi Public School, Greater Noida
Delhi Public School, Greater Noida also known as DPS, Greater Noida is a K–12 co-ed English-medium school in Gamma II, Greater Noida in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The school is affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi from class nursery to XII and is one of the core schools of the Delhi Public School Society. The current principal is Seema Roy.

Delhi Public School Society
Delhi Public School Society (DPSS) or DPS Society, is a chain of schools . The descriptor "Public School" references the model of the long-established public schools in the United Kingdom. It operates as a non-profit and private organization. The Delhi Public School Society is the administrative authority for all its institutions in India and abroad. The DPSS Global Network comprises approximately 222 English medium, co-educational, secular schools, catering to students from PG (Play Group) to Class XII.
Wallachian military forces
The military of Wallachia existed throughout the history of the country. Starting from its founding to 1859, when it was united with the Moldavian army into what would become the Romanian Army.

The army mainly consisted of light cavalry which was used in hit-and-run tactics, though various other units existed as well. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the army was mostly formed from mercenary units. In 1830, following the Organic Regulation, the standing army of Wallachia was created.

The Wallachian fleet used riverboats of various sizes between the 15th and 17th centuries. In 1794, a small flotilla was created with the approval of The Porte. After the regulations of 1830, a military flotilla was created as well. The Wallachian flotilla was merged with the Moldavian one in 1860, forming the Danube Flotilla Corps, the precursor of the Romanian Naval Forces.

Radu I of Wallachia
Radu I (died 1383 or 1385) was a Voivode of Wallachia (c. 1377 – c. 1383/1385). His year of birth is unattested in primary sources. He was the son of Nicolae Alexandru and half-brother and successor to Vladislav I. He is identified by historians as the name origin of the legendary Radu Negru, a mythical voievode of the early medieval state Wallachia, founder of the state's institutions and ruler.
Mahasthangarh
Mahasthangarh is the earliest urban archaeological sites discovered thus far in Bangladesh. The village Mahasthan in Shibganj upazila of Bogra District contains the remains of an ancient city which was called Pundranagara or Paundravardhanapura in the territory of Pundravardhana. A limestone slab bearing six lines in Prakrit in Brahmi script recording a land grant, discovered in 1931, dates Mahasthangarh to at least the 3rd century BCE. It was an important city under the Maurya Empire. The fortified area of the city was in use until the 8th century CE.

Chand Sadagar
Chand Sadagar (Assamese: চান্দ  সদাগৰ, Bengali: চাঁদ সদাগর) or Chandradhar was a sea merchant of Champaknagar. This merchant has been claimed by both the Assamese and the Bengalis. Medieval Bengali poet Bipradas Pipilai mentioned in his "Manasamangal Kāvya" (or "Manasa Vijay") that merchant ship of Chand Sadagar used to proceed to the sea from ancient Champaknagar after passing through Tribeni, situated at the junction of Saptagram and the confluence of Ganges, Saraswati and Jamuna River of modern-day West Bengal. Narayan Dev in the scriptures gave an account in his Manasamangal about the merchant ship of the trader Chand Saudagar proceeding to the sea from ancient Champaknagar passing through Saptagram and Tribeni, the tri-junction of the Ganges, Saraswati and Jamuna River. In the Padma Puran (Hindu Scripture), account of Chand Bania (Sadagar) is specifically mentioned.
Capture of Eilean Donan Castle
The Capture of Eilean Donan Castle was a land-based naval engagement that took place in 1719 during the British Jacobite rising of that year, and the War of the Quadruple Alliance. A British naval reconnaissance force of three ships attacked the castle of Eilean Donan on the west coast of Scotland, which was held by Spanish troops. After a naval bombardment, the British government forces stormed the castle, and the defenders surrendered. The castle was subsequently destroyed with gunpowder.

War of the Quadruple Alliance
The War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718 to 1720, was a conflict between Spain and a coalition of Austria, Great Britain, France, and Savoy, with the addition of the Dutch Republic in 1719. Military operations focused primarily on Sicily and Spain, with minor engagements in North America. The Spanish-backed Jacobite rising of 1719 in Scotland is considered a related conflict.

Seeking to recover territories ceded under the 1713 Peace of Utrecht, Spanish troops landed on Sicily in July 1718. On 2 August, Austria, France, Britain and Savoy formed the Quadruple Alliance, and on 11 August, the Royal Navy defeated a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Cape Passaro. Austrian land forces retook Sicily in October 1719, and the British sacked Vigo, which forced its leaders to seek peace terms. The Treaty of The Hague (1720) restored the position prior to 1717, with Savoy and Austria exchanging Sardinia and Sicily.
Panj Peykar
Panj Peykar (Persian: پنج پيكر) is a village in, and the capital of, Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Si Joval, now a city.

Si Joval
Si Joval (Persian: سيجوال) is a city in, and the capital of, Si Joval District in Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Panj Peykar.
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (in case citations, 10th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:

District of Colorado

District of Kansas

District of New Mexico

Eastern District of Oklahoma

Northern District of Oklahoma

Western District of Oklahoma

District of Utah

District of Wyoming

Although the 37th United States Congress passed the Tenth Circuit Act of 1863, the circuit ceased to exist after six years due to the Judiciary Act of 1869. These districts were part of the Eighth Circuit until 1929.
The court is composed of nineteen active judges and is based at the Byron White U.S. Courthouse in Denver, Colorado. It is one of thirteen United States courts of appeals and has jurisdiction over 560,625 square miles, or roughly one seventh of the country's land mass.

United States District Court for the District of Colorado
The United States District Court for the District of Colorado (in case citations, D. Colo. or D. Col.) is a federal court in the Tenth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was established on June 26, 1876, pending Colorado statehood on August 1, 1876.

As of June 15, 2025, the interim United States attorney for the District is Peter McNeilly.
2010 Aegon International
The 2010 Aegon International was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor grass courts. It was the 36th edition of the event for the women and the 2nd edition for the men. It was classified as a WTA Premier tournament on the 2010 WTA Tour and as an ATP World Tour 250 series on the 2010 ATP World Tour. The event took place at the Devonshire Park Lawn Tennis Club in Eastbourne, United Kingdom from 13 June until 19 June 2010.

2010 ATP World Tour
The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2010 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organized by the ITF.
Cocolobo Cay Club
The Cocolobo Cay Club, later known as the Coco Lobo Club, was a private club on Adams Key in what is now Biscayne National Park, Florida. It was notable as a destination for the rich and the politically well-connected.  Four presidents (Warren G. Harding, Herbert Hoover, Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon) visited while president, and numerous U.S. senators including John F. Kennedy visited the club.  It was established by millionaire Carl G. Fisher as a getaway in 1922, passing to motor boat racer Gar Wood, then to Nixon friend Bebe Rebozo in 1954. The main club building burned down in 1974 after the property was incorporated into Biscayne National Monument, and the remaining structures were destroyed by Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

Adams Key
Adams Key is an island at the northern part of the upper Florida Keys in Biscayne National Park.  It is in Miami-Dade County, Florida. It is located west of the southern tip of Elliott Key, on the north side of Caesar Creek in the lower part of Biscayne Bay. The key is only accessible by boat, and overnight docking is prohibited.
Sophomore League
The Sophomore League was a Class D level minor league baseball league that operated from 1958 through 1961. League franchises were located in New Mexico and Texas. The league evolved from the Southwestern League, which played in 1956 and 1957. The name change was part of a systemic change. The circuit went from being one with almost no ties to major league baseball to a league where every team was a minor league affiliate of a major league team.

Artesia Dodgers
The Artesia Dodgers was the final nickname  of the minor league baseball team based in Artesia, New Mexico. Artesia teams played from 1951-1955 and 1958-1961 as an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers.
Institute of Technical Education
The Institute of Technical Education (ITE) is a post-secondary education institution and statutory board under the purview of the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

Established by the Ministry of Education, it was formerly known as Vocational and Industrial Training Board (VITB). ITE has three colleges, ITE College Central, ITE College East and ITE College West. It offers the Higher NITEC, Technical Diploma and Work-Study Diploma.

Apart from providing vocational education to secondary school graduates, ITE offers apprenticeships for the skilled trades and diplomas in vocational education for skilled technicians and workers in support roles in professions such as accountancy, architecture, business administration, engineering and nursing.

Statutory boards of the Government of Singapore
The statutory boards of the Government of Singapore are autonomous organisations that have been tasked to perform an operational function by legal statutes passed as Acts in the Parliament of Singapore. The statutes define the purpose, rights and powers of each authority. These organisations would usually subsequently report to one specific ministry. This list includes both current and new statutory boards formed.

Singapore is a country known for its highly efficient and centralised government system largely due to these statutory boards. They play a significant role in the development and implementation of policies and programs in various sectors of the country.

These boards are responsible for providing essential services and regulating key industries, with the goal of ensuring the welfare and well-being of Singaporeans. The highly centralized and efficient system of statutory boards has contributed to Singapore's success as a modern and prosperous nation.
Aabdine
Aabdine (Arabic: عبدين), also spelled Abdine, or Abdeen, is a village in the Bsharri District, in the North Governorate of Lebanon. The village is located near the towns of Billa, Lebanon and Tourza. In 2009, there were 870 voters in the town and there were 944 voters in the year 2014 with 474 females and 470 males. The town has one public and one private school, with approximately 151 students in the town.

Tourza
Tourza (Arabic: طورزا) is a municipality in the Bsharri District, North Governorate of Lebanon. The village is located near the towns of Mazraat En Nahr and Aabdine. The municipality is member of Federation of Bcharreh District Municipalities. In 2009, there were 2,194 voters in the town and that number rose to 2,220 in 2014. The town has one public and one private school, with approximately 317 students in the town.
WPBZ-FM
WPBZ-FM (103.9 MHz, "Zoey 103.9") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Rensselaer, New York, and serving the Capital District, including the Albany–Schenectady–Troy radio market. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and airs a hot adult contemporary radio format. The studios and offices are on Kings Road in Schenectady.

WPBZ-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts, with its transmitter off Smultz Road in Glenmont, New York.

WINU
WINU (104.9 FM, "Big Country 104.9 & 97.9") is a commercial radio station licensed to Altamont and serving New York's Capital District. The station is owned by Pamal Broadcasting and airs a classic country radio format.

WINU has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 530 watts. The transmitter is on Pinnacle Road in the Helderberg Escarpment tower farm in New Scotland, amid the towers for other Albany-area TV and FM stations. The programming is a simulcast of co-owned WMML 1230 AM in Glens Falls and on its FM translator on 97.9 MHz.
Ddrum
ddrum (/ˈdiːdrʌm/ DEE-drum) is an American-based Swedish company, currently a division of Armadillo Enterprises, Inc. that manufactures acoustic drum sets, electronic drum sets, and Electronic Triggers.

Ddrum was originally a brand of Clavia, makers of the Nord series of keyboards and synthesizers. In 2005, the company was sold to Armadillo Enterprises, which expanded the brand from only electronic drums into a wider range of products.

Clavia
Clavia Digital Musical Instruments (Clavia DMI AB) is a Swedish manufacturer of virtual analog synthesizers, virtual electromechanical pianos and stage pianos, founded in Stockholm, Sweden in 1983 by Hans Nordelius and Mikael Carlsson. Since 1995, Clavia's keyboards have been branded Nord.
East Deccan dry evergreen forests
The East Deccan dry evergreen forests is an ecoregion of southeastern India. The ecoregion includes the coastal region behind the Coromandel Coast on the Bay of Bengal, between the Eastern Ghats and the sea. It covers eastern Tamil Nadu, part of Puducherry and south eastern Andhra Pradesh.

Coromandel Coast
13°22′00″N 80°20′00″E﻿ / ﻿13.3667°N 80.3333°E﻿ / 13.3667; 80.3333

The Coromandel Coast is a coastal region along the southeastern front of the Indian peninsula. Its delimitations are numerous, but generally admitted to be bounded by the Krishna river mouth to the north, the Bay of Bengal to the east, the Point Calimere cape to the south, and the Eastern Ghats to the west. Some may define its northern boundaries up to Ganjam. This region can be extending over an area of about 22,800 square kilometres. The coast has an average elevation of 80 metres and is backed by the Eastern Ghats, a chain of low lying and flat-topped hills.

The land of the Chola dynasty was called Cholamandalam in Tamil, literally translated as "the realm of the Cholas", from which Coromandel is derived.

In historical Muslim sources from the 12th century onward, the Coromandel Coast was notably called as Maʿbar Coast.
Future Air Navigation System
The Future Air Navigation System (FANS) is an avionics system which provides direct data link communication between the pilot and the air traffic controller. The communications include air traffic control clearances, pilot requests and position reporting. In the FANS-B equipped Airbus A320 family aircraft, an Air Traffic Services Unit (ATSU) and a VHF Data Link radio (VDR3) in the avionics rack and two data link control and display units (DCDUs) in the cockpit enable the flight crew to read and answer the controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC) messages received from the ground.

ACARS
In aviation, ACARS (/ˈeɪkɑːrz/; an acronym for Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) is a digital data communication system for transmission of short messages between aircraft and ground stations via airband radio or satellite. The protocol was designed by ARINC and deployed in 1978, using the Telex format. More ACARS radio stations were added subsequently by SITA.
Hastings-on-Hudson, New York
Hastings-on-Hudson is a village in Westchester County located in the southwestern part of the town of Greenburgh in the state of New York, United States. It is a suburb of New York City, located approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of midtown Manhattan, and is served by a stop on the Metro-North Hudson Line. To the north of Hastings-on-Hudson is the village of Dobbs Ferry, to the south, the city of Yonkers, and to the east unincorporated parts of Greenburgh. As of the 2020 US Census, it had a population of 8,590. The town lies on U.S. Route 9, "Broadway" and the Saw Mill River Parkway.

Croton Aqueduct
The Croton Aqueduct or Old Croton Aqueduct was a large and complex water distribution system constructed as part of the New York City water supply system between 1837 and 1842. The aqueducts, which were among the first in the United States, carried water by gravity 41 miles (66 km) from the Croton River in Westchester County to reservoirs in Manhattan. It was built because local water resources had become polluted and inadequate for the growing population of New York City. Although the aqueduct was largely superseded by the New Croton Aqueduct, which was built in 1885-1890, the Old Croton Aqueduct remained in service until 1955.
Kristoffer Rygg
Kristoffer Rygg (born 9 September 1976), also known as Garm, Trickster G. Rex and God Head, is a Norwegian vocalist, musician and producer known primarily for his work with Ulver, Arcturus, and Borknagar.

Aspera Hiems Symfonia
Aspera Hiems Symfonia (Latin for "Harsh Winter Symphony") is the debut studio album by the Norwegian avant-garde metal band Arcturus. It has primarily a black metal sound, though still contains many of the experimental elements that would be expanded upon on their following albums, which saw the band shift permanently into the genres of avant-garde and progressive metal. Four of the album's songs are re-recorded versions of tracks from the Constellation EP, whereas the other four are new songs.
Confederation of the Rhine
The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. Its creation brought about the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted for only seven years, from 1806 to 1813, dissolving after Napoleon's defeat in the  War of the Sixth Coalition.

The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a total of over 15 million people. This granted a significant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier by providing a buffer between France and the two largest German states, Prussia and Austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).

Kingdom of Württemberg
The Kingdom of Württemberg (German: Königreich Württemberg [ˌkøːnɪkʁaɪç ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]) was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918, located within the area that later became Baden-Württemberg. The kingdom was a continuation of the Electorate of Württemberg, which existed from 1803 to 1806.
Icelandic identity card
The Icelandic identity card (Icelandic: Nafnskírteini), is a voluntary identity document issued by Registers Iceland on behalf of the Icelandic Government. It is only issued to Icelandic citizens and may indicate citizenship, so that it can be used as a travel document facilitating freedom of movement within the European Union and the European Free Trade Association.

The Icelandic identity card is uncommon in Iceland, as most people use their driving licence as ID. In 2024, an updated EU compliant design was introduced, allowing the card to be used for travel in the EU/EFTA.

An electronic ID (Icelandic: Rafræn Skilríki) is issued separately from the regular ID card.

National identification numbering in Iceland
National identification numbering in Iceland was established in 1953 when the birth number system was implemented. In 1959, the name number system was implemented and used parallel to the birth number. The third and present system is the identification number which replaced both previous systems, introduced in 1987.