hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buy on board
In commercial aviation, buy on board (BoB) is a system in which in-flight food or beverages are not included in the ticket price but are purchased on board or ordered in advance as an optional extra during or after the booking process. Some airlines, including almost all low-cost carriers and a handful of flag carriers, have buy-on-board food and beverages as part of their ancillary revenue generation.

Airline meal
An airline meal, airline food, or in-flight meal is a meal served to passengers on board a commercial airliner. These meals are prepared by specialist airline catering services and are normally served to passengers using an airline service trolley.

These meals vary widely in quality and quantity across different airline companies and classes of travel. They range from a simple snack or beverage in short-haul economy class to a seven-course gourmet meal in a first class long-haul flight. The types of food offered also vary widely from country to country, and often incorporate elements of local cuisine, sometimes both from the origin and destination countries. When ticket prices were regulated in the American domestic market, food was the primary means by which airlines differentiated themselves.
The Spooners of Porthmadog
The Spooners of Porthmadog were a family from Porthmadog, North Wales who made important contributions to the development of narrow gauge railways both locally and throughout the world. James Spooner, together with his sons James Swinton and Charles Easton and other members of their family, constructed and managed the Ffestiniog Railway for over fifty years. In North Wales they were involved in the promotion of numerous railway schemes including many quarry lines, the Talyllyn Railway, the Festiniog and Blaenau Railway, the North Wales Narrow Gauge Railways and the Carnarvonshire Railway. Through publications and overseas family commissions they influenced narrow gauge railway construction in Russia, America and throughout the British Empire.

Ffestiniog Railway
The Ffestiniog Railway (Welsh: Rheilffordd Ffestiniog) is a heritage railway based on 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow-gauge, in Gwynedd, Wales. It is a major tourist attraction located mainly within the Snowdonia National Park.

The railway is about 13+1⁄2 miles (21.7 km) long and runs from the harbour at Porthmadog to the slate mining town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, travelling through forested and mountainous terrain. The line is single track throughout with four intermediate passing places. The first mile of the line out of Porthmadog runs atop an embankment called the Cob, which is the dyke of the polder known as Traeth Mawr.

The Festiniog Railway Company, which owns the railway, is the oldest surviving railway company in the world. It also owns the Welsh Highland Railway, which was re-opened fully in 2011. The two railways share the same track gauge and meet at Porthmadog station, with occasional trains working the entire 40-mile (64 km) route from Blaenau Ffestiniog to Caernarfon.
Antón de Marirreguera
Antón González Reguera, better known as Antón de Marirreguera (Pronunciation)ⓘ was the author of the first preserved literary works written in the Asturian language, the «Pleitu ente Uviéu y Mérida pola posesión de les cenices de Santa Olaya» (Dispute between Oviedo and Mérida over Saint Eulalia's Ashes), of 1639, that takes the first prize in a poetical contest dedicated to Saint Eulalie. Other works include the «Diálogu políticu» (Politician Dialogue), the fables «Dido y Eneas» (Dido and Aeneas) and «Hero y Lleandro» (Hero and Leander) and the entremeses «L'ensalmador» (The Healer, «L'alcalde» (The Mayor) and «Los alcaldes» (The Mayors).

Asturian language
Asturian (/æˈstʊəriən/; asturianu [astuˈɾjanʊ]) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian. Asturian has a distinct grammar, dictionary, and orthography. It is regulated by the Academy of the Asturian Language. Although it is not an official language of Spain, it is protected under the Statute of Autonomy of Asturias and is an elective language in schools. For much of its history, the language has been ignored or "subjected to repeated challenges to its status as a language variety" due to its lack of official status.
Xi'an KJ-600
The Xi'an KJ-600 is a Chinese twin-propeller, quad-tail, folding high-wing military aircraft designed for carrier-based airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) and cargo delivery, intended for catapult-launched (CATOBAR) operations on Type 003 and later-class aircraft carriers of the People's Liberation Army Navy from around 2025.

Ivchenko AI-20
The Ivchenko AI-20 (Russian: Ивченко АИ-20) is a Soviet turboprop engine developed by the Ivchenko design bureau in the 1950s. It has been built in large numbers, serving as the powerplant for both the Antonov An-12 transport and the Ilyushin Il-18 airliner.
Neuroenhancement
Neuroenhancement or cognitive enhancement is the experimental use of pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods intended to improve cognitive and affective abilities in healthy people who don't have any mental illness. Agents or methods of neuroenhancement are intended to affect cognitive, social, psychological, mood, or motor benefits beyond normal functioning.

Pharmacological neuroenhancement agents may include compounds thought to be nootropics, such as modafinil, caffeine, and other drugs used for treating people with neurological disorders.

Non-pharmacological measures of cognitive enhancement may include behavioral methods (activities, techniques, and changes), non-invasive brain stimulation, which has been used with the intent to improve cognitive and affective functions, and brain-machine interfaces.

Nootropic
Nootropics (/noʊ.əˈtroʊpɪks/ noh-ə-TROHP-iks or /noʊ.əˈtrɒpɪks/ noh-ə-TROP-iks; colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs, cognitive enhancers, memory enhancers, or brain boosters) are chemical substances which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as attention, memory, wakefulness, and self-control.

In the United States, nootropics can be over-the-counter drugs and commonly advertised with unproven claims of effectiveness for improving cognition. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have warned manufacturers and consumers about possible advertising fraud and marketing scams concerning nootropic supplements. Nootropics include both prescription drugs and dietary supplements marketed to enhance brain function, but while FDA-approved drugs have proven benefits and oversight, many dietary supplements lack evidence, may contain unapproved or hidden drugs, and pose safety and regulatory risks.
2015 Cure Bowl
The 2015 Cure Bowl was a postseason American college football bowl game played on December 19, 2015, at Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The first edition of the Cure Bowl featured the San Jose State Spartans of the Mountain West Conference against the Georgia State Panthers of the Sun Belt Conference. It began at 7:00 p.m. EST and aired on CBS Sports Network.  It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. Sponsored by automotive retailer AutoNation, the game was officially known as the AutoNation Cure Bowl.

2015 Georgia State Panthers football team
The 2015 Georgia State Panthers football team represented Georgia State University (GSU) in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Panthers were led by third-year head coach Trent Miles and played their home games at the Georgia Dome. The 2015 season was the Panthers' third in the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 6–7, 5–3 in Sun Belt play to finish in fourth place. They became bowl-eligible for the first time in program history and were invited to the inaugural Cure Bowl where they lost to San Jose State.
Georgia's 156th House of Representatives district
District 156 elects one member of the Georgia House of Representatives. It contains the entirety of Montgomery County, Toombs County and Wheeler County, as well as parts of Ben Hill County, Tattnall County and Telfair County.

Telfair County, Georgia
Telfair County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,477. The largest city and county seat is McRae-Helena.

In 2009, researchers from the Fernbank Museum of Natural History announced having found artifacts they associated with the 1541 Hernando de Soto Expedition at a private site near the Ocmulgee River, the first such find between Tallahassee, Florida and western North Carolina. De Soto's expedition was well recorded, but researchers have had difficulties finding artifacts from sites where he stopped. This site was an indigenous village occupied by the historic Creek people from the early 15th century into the 16th century. It was located further southeast than de Soto's expedition was thought to go in Georgia.
Matrix multiplication
In mathematics, specifically in linear algebra, matrix multiplication is a binary operation that produces a matrix from two matrices. For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The resulting matrix, known as the matrix product, has the number of rows of the first and the number of columns of the second matrix. The product of matrices A and B is denoted as AB.

Matrix multiplication was first described by the French mathematician Jacques Philippe Marie Binet in 1812, to represent the composition of linear maps that are represented by matrices. Matrix multiplication is thus a basic tool of linear algebra, and as such has numerous applications in many areas of mathematics, as well as in applied mathematics, statistics, physics, economics, and engineering.
Computing matrix products is a central operation in all computational applications of linear algebra.

Transpose
In linear algebra, transposition is an operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, transposition switches the row and column indices of the matrix A to produce another matrix, called the transpose of A and often denoted AT (among other notations).

The transpose of a matrix was introduced in 1858 by the British mathematician Arthur Cayley.
Crimes Against Music
Crimes Against Music is the fourth album by Mitch Benn, released in 2005 under the name of 'Mitch Benn and The Distractions' and featuring his backing band composed of Kirsty Newton (of Siskin) and Tasha Baylis (of Hepburn). All songs were written by Mitch Benn, and many songs had previous versions feature in the radio shows The Now Show, It's Been a Bad Week and Mitch Benn's Crimes Against Music, which shares a name with the album.

Mitch Benn
Mitchell John Benn (born 20 January 1970) is an English comedian, author and musician known for his comedy rock songs performed on BBC Radio. He was, until 2016, a regular contributor to BBC Radio 4's satirical programme The Now Show, and has hosted other radio shows.

Benn has performed at several music festivals, including the first Latitude Festival, Bestival and was at Glastonbury for many years, and has performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe every available year since 2003. He has released eight studio albums and more than 100 online albums via Mitch Benn on Bandcamp. His first science fiction novel, entitled Terra, was published in July 2013 by Gollancz. The follow up, Terra's World was published by Gollancz in 2016 and the final part of the triology, Terra's War, was self-published in 2021.
Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Feature
The Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Feature is one of the annual Gotham Independent Film Awards and was first awarded in 2004 with Alexander Payne's Sideways  being the first recipient of the award.

Gotham Awards
The Gotham Awards are American film awards presented annually at a ceremony in New York City.

The awards are a program of the Gotham Film & Media Institute (formerly the Independent Filmmaker Project or IFP), the United States' largest membership organization dedicated to independent film, founded in 1979. First presented in 1991, the awards were originally created to showcase and honor films made primarily in the Northeastern United States.
Democracy Square
Democracy Square (Spanish: Plaza de la Democracia) is a road junction and public space in the Tres Cruces neighbourhood of Montevideo, Uruguay.

The square connects Italy Avenue, Artigas Boulevard and 8 de Octubre Avenue, which are three of the most important thoroughfares in the city, due to the large amount of traffic they receive as they are different entrance routes to the central business district. Democracy Square, also known as Plaza de la Bandera (Spanish for 'Flag Square') due to the flagpole at its center, is a busy meeting place as it is located across from the Tres Cruces bus station and mall, the main bus terminal in the country.

Artigas Boulevard
Artigas Boulevard is a boulevard in Montevideo, Uruguay. It runs from the Rambla at Punta Carretas to the Rambla at Capurro-Bella Vista, going north for about 6.5 kilometers and turning 100° west. It is an important connection road in the Uruguayan capital, linking the central barrios of the city, with access to different national routes.
Broad Street, Lagos
Broad Street on Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria, is a commercial hub in one of the city's central business districts. Among the tenants: Bagatelle restaurant, Christ Church Cathedral Primary School, Methodist   Boys High School, Newswatch (Nigeria), and St. Mary's Private School. The "Secretariat" building was constructed in 1906.

Lagos Island
Lagos IslandListenⓘ (Yoruba: Ìsàlẹ̀ Èkó) is the principal and central Local Government Area (LGA) in Lagos, Nigeria. It was the capital of Lagos State until 1957. It is part of the Lagos Division. As of the preliminary 2006 Nigerian census, the LGA had a population of 209,437 within an area of just 8.7 km2.  The LGA only covers the western half of Lagos Island; the eastern half is simply referred to as Lagos Island East LCDA.
Roslev
Roslev is a town, with a population of 1,306 (1 January 2025), in Skive Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is situated on the Salling peninsula, 12 km southeast of Glyngøre and 19 km north of Skive.

Roslev Church, a 13th-century Romanesque ashlar church, is located in the town.

Roslev mill was built in 1882 as a replacement for an older mill that burned down in 1880. The new mill is a copy of a shingled Dutch mill and was in use until 1951.

Glyngøre
Glyngøre is a town, with a population of 1,371 (1 January 2025), on the northwestern coast of the Salling peninsula in Skive Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark.

Glyngøre is situated on the shore of Salling Sund, a strait in the Limfjord, about 1 km north of the Sallingsund Bridge, 12 km south of Nykøbing Mors (4 km as the crow flies), 12 km northwest of Roslev, 6 km west of Durup and 26 km northwest of Skive.

Glyngøre Church consecrated in 1919 is the youngest church in the Salling-region.
Lleida Latin-American Film Festival
The Lleida Latin-American Film Festival (Catalan: Mostra de Cinema Llatinoamericà de Lleida, or shortened to Catalan: Mostra de Lleida) is a cinema festival that takes place in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain awarding Latin American films. It is organised by the Latin American Centre of Lleida and is sponsored by the city council (La Paeria), the University of Lleida and La Caixa. It's one of the main yearly cultural events in the town and takes place at the Teatre Principal, CaixaFòrum Lleida, Funatic, Cafè del Teatre de l'Escorxador, Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs, the main campus of the University of Lleida, and the Hotel Condes de Urgel, alongside other cultural activities. The event has taken place since 1993, and awards were first given in 1997. At one time the festival took place in January but it now takes place in late March.

CaixaForum Lleida
CaixaForum is a cultural centre managed by Fundación “La Caixa” located at 3 Avinguda de Blondel, in the city of Lleida, cornering Avinguda de Madrid, in the building popularly known as Montepío after the former name of a bank located in this building. The building, which was the site of Cine Viñes, became the cultural centre of Fundación “La Caixa” in 1989, so we can say that this building has always been related to cultural activities. It was later renamed in 2008 to keep the same naming convention as other centres from La Caixa.
Sumallo River
The Sumallo River is located in southern British Columbia, in the Cascade Mountains to the east of Hope.  It begins on the east slopes of Mount Payne, south of the village of  Sunshine Valley.  It flows north until it reaches Sunshine Valley where it turns southeast and proceeds into Manning Park.  It continues southeast within the park, running alongside Highway 3 before eventually meeting the Skagit River at the northern boundary of Skagit Valley Provincial Park, to the northeast of Marmot Mountain.

The name comes from the word Semall-á-ow given to Alexander Caulfield Anderson by his Nlaka'pamux guide on an 1846 journey through the North Cascades. This word is not from the Halkomelem language from local Sto:lo people, so it may be a Nlaka'pamuctsin (Thompson) word.

E. C. Manning Provincial Park
E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.  It is usually referred to as Manning Park, although that nomenclature is also used to refer to the resort and ski area at the park's core. The park covers 83,671 hectares (323 mi2) and was the second most visited provincial park in 2017-18 after Cypress Provincial Park. The park lies along British Columbia Highway 3, and occupies a large amount of land between Hope and Princeton along the Canada-United States border.
Jibacoa
Jibacoa, or more properly Playa Jibacoa, is a fishing village in the Mayabeque Province of Cuba. It is located in the municipality of Santa Cruz del Norte, at the mouth of the Jibacoa River, 60 km east of Havana.

The settlement was founded in 1756 on the location of a corral.

Santa Cruz del Norte
Santa Cruz del Norte is a town and municipality in the Mayabeque Province of Cuba. Before 2011 it was part of La Habana Province. It is located on the north shore, between the cities of Havana and Matanzas, at the mouth of the Santa Cruz River.
Fuefuki
Fuefuki (笛吹市, Fuefuki-shi) is a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2020, the city had an estimated population of 67,300 in 30,408 households, and a population density of 340 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 201.92 square kilometres (77.96 sq mi).

Higashiyamanashi District, Yamanashi
Higashiyamanashi (東山梨郡, Higashiyamanashi-gun) was a district located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2004, the district had an estimated population of 10,701 persons with a density of 135 persons per km2. The total area was 79.27 km2.
Casanova Elvo
Casanova Elvo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

Casanova Elvo borders the following municipalities: Collobiano, Formigliana, Olcenengo, San Germano Vercellese, Santhià, and Villarboit.

San Germano Vercellese
San Germano Vercellese (Piedmontese: San German) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Vercelli.

San Germano Vercellese borders the following municipalities: Casanova Elvo, Crova, Olcenengo, Salasco, Santhià, Tronzano Vercellese, and Vercelli.
Bolko II the Small
Bolko II the Small (c. 1312 – 28 July 1368), was the last independent Duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia. He was Duke of Świdnica from 1326, Duke of Jawor and Lwówek from 1346, Duke of Lusatia from 1364, Duke over half of Brzeg and Oława from 1358, Duke of Siewierz from 1359, and Duke over half of Głogów and Ścinawa from 1361.

He was the oldest son of Bernard, Duke of Świdnica, by his wife Kunigunde, daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high, Duke of Kuyavia and, from 1320, King of Poland. Like his grandfather, King Elbow-high, Bolko II was of small stature; his nickname, "the Small" (Mały), reflects this and was used in contemporary sources.

Bernard of Świdnica
Bernard (II) of Świdnica (Polish: Bernard świdnicki) (c. 1291 – 6 May 1326) was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice between 1301 and 1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), of Świdnica-Ziębice during 1312–1322 (with his brother as co-ruler), and the sole Duke of Świdnica from 1322 until his death.

He was the second son of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice, by his wife Beatrix, daughter of Otto V the Long, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.
Embassy of Indonesia, Bangkok
The Embassy of Indonesia in Bangkok (Indonesian: Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Bangkok; Thai: สถานเอกอัครราชทูตอินโดนีเซียประจำประเทศไทย), a diplomatic mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the Kingdom of Thailand and concurrently accredited to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), is located at 600-602 Petchburi Road, Ratchathewi District of Bangkok. The first Indonesian overseas mission in Bangkok was opened as the Indonesian Office (INDOFF) in 1947, which was promoted to Legation in 1949, and later Embassy in 1956.

Ratchathewi district
Ratchathewi (Thai: ราชเทวี, pronounced [râːt.t͡ɕʰā.tʰēː.wīː]) is a district (khet) in central Bangkok, Thailand. Clockwise from the north, its neighboring districts are Phaya Thai, Din Daeng, Huai Khwang, Watthana, Pathum Wan and Dusit.
Odonteus armiger
Odonteus armiger is the only European species of the genus Odonteus. It belongs to the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. This species lives a very hidden life and is therefore little known about it, despite its wide distribution.

Odonteus
Odonteus is a genus of beetles in the family Bolboceratidae, formerly known by the name Bolboceras. The name Bolboceras was replaced in 1990 when it was discovered that Odonteus had been published one month earlier; this finding was upheld by ICZN Opinion 2138 in 2006, which made the two names synonymous, with Odonteus having priority. Some researchers continue to use the invalid junior name (e.g.).
Dead Rabbits
The Dead Rabbits were an Irish American criminal street gang active in Lower Manhattan in the 1830s to 1850s. The Dead Rabbits were so named after a dead rabbit was thrown into the center of the room during a gang meeting, prompting some members to treat this as an omen, withdraw, and form an independent gang. Their battle symbol was a dead rabbit on a pike. They often clashed with Nativist political groups who viewed Irish Catholics as a threatening and criminal subculture. The Dead Rabbits were given the nicknames of "Mulberry Boys" and the "Mulberry Street Boys" by the New York City Police Department because they were known to have operated along Mulberry Street in the Five Points.

Tyler Anbinder, an American historian, claims that the Dead Rabbits did not exist as a gang and were actually misidentified members of the Roach Guards.

Herbert Asbury
Herbert Asbury (September 1, 1891 – February 24, 1963) was an American journalist and writer best known for his books detailing crime during the 19th and early-20th centuries, such as Gem of the Prairie: An Informal History of the Chicago Underworld, The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld, Sucker's Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America  and The Gangs of New York.

The Gangs of New York was later adapted for film as Martin Scorsese's Gangs of New York (2002). However, the film adaptation of Gangs of New York was so loose that Gangs was nominated for "Best Original Screenplay" rather than as a screenplay adapted from another work.