hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waverly Bridge (Missouri)
The Waverly Bridge is a bridge at Waverly, Missouri, carrying US 24/US 65 over the Missouri River between Carroll County and Lafayette County in the U.S. state of Missouri.

The previous bridge on this site was built in 1922. Its main span was 419.2 feet (127.8 m) and total length was 1,942.4 feet (592.0 m). Its deck width was 20 feet (6.1 m) and it had a vertical clearance of 18.1 feet (5.5 m).

The current bridge opened on August 25, 2004, and the previous bridge was demolished in 2005.

U.S. Route 24
U.S. Route 24 or U.S. Highway 24 (US 24) is one of the original United States Numbered Highways of 1926 which runs east and west for most of its routing. It originally ran from Pontiac, Michigan, in the east to Kansas City, Missouri, in the west. Today, the highway's eastern terminus is in Independence Township, Michigan, at an intersection with Interstate 75 (I-75), and its western terminus is near Minturn, Colorado, at an intersection with I-70. The highway transitions from north–south to east–west signage at the Ohio–Michigan state line.
Lihuelistata
Lihuelistata is a monotypic genus of South American crevice weavers containing the single species, Lihuelistata metamerica. It was first described by M. J. Ramírez & C. J. Grismado in 1997, and has only been found in Argentina.

Crevice weaver
Crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) are cribellate spiders with features that have been regarded as "primitive" for araneomorph spiders. They are weavers of funnel or tube webs. The family contains 18 genera and more than 120 described species worldwide.
Northwest University (China)
Northwest University (Chinese: 西北大学; pinyin: Xīběi Dàxué) is a public university located in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Shaanxi, and co-funded by the Shaanxi Provincial People's Government and the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration
The Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA) is a Washington, D.C.–based non-profit organization. It is an international association and accreditation body of public affairs schools also known as schools of public policy and administration at universities in the United States and abroad. NASPAA is also the sole body in the United States recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) as the accreditor of master's degree programs in public policy (MPP), public affairs (MPAff), and public administration (MPA). Its stated mission is to "ensure excellence in education and training for public service and to promote the ideal of public service." It administers the honor society Pi Alpha Alpha.

Public policy school
A public policy school or school of public affairs is typically a university program, institution, or professional school of public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, security studies, management, urban planning, urban studies, intelligence studies, global studies, emergency management, public affairs, nonprofit management, criminology, and the sociology of law.

Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations, think tanks, business-to-government marketing/sales, and consulting firms. A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers.
Pierranthus
Pierranthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Linderniaceae. The only known species is Pierranthus capitatus (Bonati) Bonati.

Its native range is Indo-China and it is found in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.

The genus name of Pierranthus is in honour of Jean Baptiste Louis Pierre (1833–1905), a French botanist known for his Asian studies. The genus has one known synonym of Delpya Pierre ex Bonati. The Latin specific epithet of capitatus is derived from capitate meaning having dense-headed growth. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, séries 2, Vol.4 n page 254 in 1912.

Linderniaceae
Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 25 genera and 265 species occurring worldwide. It is commonly known as the false-pimpernel family. Vandellia micrantha is eaten in Laos, but tastes bitter. Best known are the wishbone flowers Torenia fournieri and Torenia thouarsii, which are used as bedding plants, especially in the tropics. Micranthemum is sold as an aquarium plant under the name 'baby tears'.

In other classifications it used to be included within family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato or more recently in Plantaginaceae sensu lato, but several authors have demonstrated that this taxon should be segregated from those families, as Linderniaceae, and it has been recognized by LAPG II and APG III.
Recently a phylogeny has been published  and two new Brazilian genera Catimbaua and Isabelcristinia were recently added to the family. Studies on the family limits of Linderniaceae are pending.
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

In the Latin translation of the Bible, Jesus Christ says the word when he sends the disciples into areas and commands them to preach the gospel in his name. The term is most commonly used in reference to Christian missions, but it can also be used in reference to any creed or ideology.

The word mission originated in 1598 when Jesuits, the members of the Society of Jesus sent members abroad, derived from the Latin missionem (nom. missio), meaning 'act of sending' or mittere, meaning 'to send'.

Dawah
Daʿwah (Arabic: دعوة, Arabic: [ˈdaʕwah], "invitation", also spelt dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah or dakwah) is the act of proselytizing people to Islam. The plural is daʿwāt (دَعْوات) or daʿawāt (دَعَوات). Preachers who engage in dawah are known as da'i.
Ariana Afghan Airlines
Ariana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd., also known simply as Ariana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of Afghanistan. Founded in 1955, Ariana is state owned and the oldest airline in the country. The company has its main base at Kabul International Airport, from which it operates domestic flights and international connections to destinations in China, India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. The carrier is headquartered in Shāre Naw district, Kabul. Ariana Afghan Airlines has been on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union since October 2006 (2006-10).

Yakovlev Yak-40
The Yakovlev Yak-40 (Russian: Яковлев Як-40; NATO reporting name: Codling) is a regional jet designed in Soviet Union by Yakovlev. The trijet's maiden flight was in 1966, and it was in production from 1967 to 1981. It was introduced to service in 1968, with export models following in 1970.
Alba Vineyard
Alba Vineyard is an American winery in the Finesville section of Pohatcong Township in Warren County, New Jersey. Formerly a dairy farm, the vineyard was first planted in 1980, and opened to the public in 1982.  Alba is one of the larger winegrowers in New Jersey, having 42 acres of grapes under cultivation, and producing 11,000 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the Italian word alba which means "dawn," the time of day when the original owner first conceived of producing wine.

Pohatcong Township, New Jersey
Pohatcong Township is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,241, a decrease of 98 (−2.9%) from the 2010 census count of 3,339, which in turn reflected a decline of 77 (−2.3%) from the 3,416 counted in the 2000 census.

The name Pohatcong is thought to be derived from the Lenni Lenape Native American term meaning "stream between split hills".
Ombra della sera
Ombra della sera (Italian for "Shadow of the evening") is an Etruscan statue from the town of Velathri, later Volterra. It was first depicted in a 1737 collection of Etruscan antiquities. Similarities to the work of modern artist Alberto Giacometti have been frequently observed.

Volterra
Volterra (Italian pronunciation: [volˈtɛrra]; Latin: Volaterrae) is a walled mountaintop town in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its history dates from before the 8th century BC and it has substantial structures from the Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval periods.
Bradford Factor
The Bradford Factor or Bradford Formula is used in human resource management as a means of measuring worker absenteeism. The theory is that short, frequent, and unplanned absences are more disruptive than longer absences. According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development the term was first coined due to its supposed connection with research undertaken by the Bradford University School of Management in the 1980s. According to the Financial Times, "HR folklore" has attributed its origins to a pharmaceuticals firm whose managers attended a seminar at Bradford Management School. Bradford University has not confirmed that the Bradford Factor originated there.

Absenteeism
Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation without good reason. Generally, absenteeism refers to unplanned absences. Absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance, as well as a breach of an implicit contract between employee and employer. It is seen as a management problem, and framed in economic or quasi-economic terms. More recent scholarship seeks to understand absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, medical, or social adjustment to work.
Utopian Studies
Utopian Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles on utopia and utopianism. The journal is published three times a year by the Penn State University Press on behalf of the Society for Utopian Studies. The editor is Jennifer Wagner-Lawlor of the Pennsylvania State University, in the United States.

Lyman Tower Sargent helped found the publication in 1987.

Society for Utopian Studies
The Society for Utopian Studies (founded 1975) is a North American learned society devoted to the study of utopianism in all its forms, with a particular emphasis on literary and experimental utopias. The society meets once a year.
Turriaco
Turriaco (Bisiacco: Turiac) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy. It is located near the Isonzo River.

Turriaco borders the following municipalities: Fiumicello Villa Vicentina (UD), Ruda (UD), San Canzian d'Isonzo, San Pier d'Isonzo.

Fiumicello Villa Vicentina
Fiumicello Villa Vicentina (Friulian: Flumisel Vile Visintine) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It was established on 1 February 2018 by the merger of the municipalities of Fiumicello and Villa Vicentina.

Fiumicello Villa Vicentina borders the following municipalities: Aquileia, Cervignano del Friuli, Grado (GO), Ruda, San Canzian d'Isonzo (GO), Terzo d'Aquileia, Turriaco (GO)
Dale (landform)
A dale is a valley, especially an open, gently-sloping ground between low hills with a stream flowing through it. It is used most frequently in  Yorkshire and the Southern Uplands of Scotland; the term "fell" commonly refers to mountains or hills that flank a dale. As with many other words, dale was preserved by Viking influence in Northern England.

It appears in various contexts, such as “up hill and down dale”, “over every hill and dale”, and “up all hills, down all dales”.

Fell
Fell (from Old Norse: fell, "mountain → landscape over the tree line"; cf.  Icelandic: fell, Norwegian: fjell, Swedish: fjäll) is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain or moor-covered hill, often mountain landscape over the tree line, etc. The term is most often employed in Fennoscandia, Iceland, the Isle of Man, parts of northern England, and Scotland.
Västra Götaland County East
Västra Götaland County East (Swedish: Västra Götalands Läns Östra) is one of the 29 multi-member constituencies of the Riksdag, the national legislature of Sweden. The constituency was established as Skaraborg County in 1970 when the Riksdag changed from a bicameral legislature to a unicameral legislature. It was renamed Västra Götaland County East in 1998 when the counties of Älvsborg, Gothenburg and Bohus and Skaraborg were merged to create Västra Götaland. The constituency currently consists of the municipalities of Essunga, Falköping, Götene, Grästorp, Gullspång, Hjo, Karlsborg, Lidköping, Mariestad, Skara, Skövde, Tibro, Tidaholm, Töreboda and Vara. The constituency currently elects eight of the 349 members of the Riksdag using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2022 general election it had 207,560 registered electors.

Ulrika Heie
Ulrika Carlsson (born 17 April 1965) is a Swedish Centre Party politician. She has been a member of the Riksdag since 2006 and is elected from the constituency of Västra Götaland County East.

Ulrika is the Swedish Centre Partys spokesperson at educational affairs and is a former teacher herself. Between 2006 and 2010 she was a member of the parliamentary committee on education, and substitute in the committee of foreign affairs. Today she's sitting in the education committee as well as being substitute in both the foreign affairs committee and the Executive Board of Parliament. She's also a member of the War Delegation.

Ulrika is also the deputy house leader for the party, in the Riksdag.

In the Riksdag debates, she's called Ulrika Carlsson från Skövde (Ulrika Carlsson from Skövde) because of the other parliamentarian Ulrika Karlsson, from the Moderate Party, who shares the same name.
Pualani Kanakaʻole Kanahele
Pualani Kanakaʻole Kanahele (born September 14, 1937) is a Hawaiian kumu hula and author. She is the daughter of Edith Kanakaʻole, and as of 2003 led Hālau o Kekuhi along with her sister Nalani Kanakaʻole. In 1993, the sisters were jointly named National Heritage Fellows by the National Endowment for the Arts, which recognized them as "Hula Masters".

Edith Kanakaʻole
Edith Kenao Kanakaʻole (born Edith Kekuhikuhipuʻuoneonāaliʻiōkohala Kenao, October 30, 1913 – October 3, 1979) was a Hawaiian dancer, chanter, teacher, and kumu hula. Born in Honomū, Hawaiʻi in 1913, she was taught hula from a young age, and dropped out of her formal schooling before completing middle school. She began to compose traditional Hawaiian music in 1946, choreographing hula to accompany many of her chants, and founded Hālau O Kekuhi in 1953. In the 1970s, she taught Hawaiian studies and language at Hawaiʻi Community College and later the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, where she worked until her death in 1979.
Kerala Rapid Transit Corporation Limited
Kerala Rapid Transit Corporation Limited, abbreviated to KRTCL, is a special purpose vehicle (SPV) formed to implement light metro projects in Kerala. Kerala has light metro systems planned for the cities of Kozhikode and Thiruvananthapuram. The SPV is fully owned by the State Government and the Chief Minister is the Chairman of the company. The head office of KRTCL is at Thiruvananthapuram, with branches at Kozhikode and Thiruvananthapuram. Earlier it was Kerala Monorail Corporation Ltd. Since monorail was not financially viable, DMRC proposed light metro.

The chief minister, Pinarayi Vijayan, is the chairman of the board and Public Works Minister P. A. Mohammed Riyas is vice chairman. The other board members are Ministers KN Balagopal, Antony Raju, P Rajeev, K Rajan as well as officials of Public Works and Transport departments.

Thiruvananthapuram Metro
Thiruvananthapuram Metro is a proposed rapid transit system in the city of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of the Indian state of Kerala. Thiruvananthapuram. Earlier, there was a plan to build a light metro system in the city. However, the plan was later changed to a conventional metro system.
Semiautomaton
In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a semiautomaton is a deterministic finite automaton having inputs but no output. It consists of a set Q of states, a set Σ called the input alphabet, and a function T: Q × Σ → Q called the transition function.

Associated with any semiautomaton is a monoid called the characteristic monoid, input monoid, transition monoid or transition system of the semiautomaton, which acts on the set of states Q. This may be viewed either as an action of the free monoid of strings in the input alphabet Σ, or as the induced transformation semigroup of Q.

In older books like Clifford and Preston (1967) semigroup actions are called "operands".

In category theory, semiautomata essentially are functors.

Transformation semigroup
In algebra, a transformation semigroup (or composition semigroup) is a collection of transformations (functions from a set to itself) that is closed under function composition. If it includes the identity function, it is a monoid, called a transformation (or composition) monoid. This is the semigroup analogue of a permutation group.

A transformation semigroup of a set has a tautological semigroup action on that set. Such actions are characterized by being faithful, i.e., if two elements of the semigroup have the same action, then they are equal.

An analogue of Cayley's theorem shows that any semigroup can be realized as a transformation semigroup of some set.

In automata theory, some authors use the term transformation semigroup to refer to a semigroup acting faithfully on a set of "states" different from the semigroup's base set. There is a correspondence between the two notions.
Guraferda
Guraferda is one of the woredas in the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Bench Maji Zone, Guraferda is bordered on the south by Bero, on the west and north by the Gambela Region, on the northeast by Sheko, on the east by Debub Bench, and on the southeast by Meinit Shasha. Towns in Guraferda include Guraferda. Guraferda was separated from Sheko woreda.

Bero (woreda)
Bero is one of the districts in the South West Ethiopia Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. It is a part of the Bench Maji Zone. The district is bordered on the south by Surma, on the west by the Gambela Region, on the north by Guraferda, on the northeast by Meinit Shasha, and on the east by Maji. Bero was separated from Maji woreda. The seat of Bero district is Jeba town.
Burnham-on-Crouch railway station
Burnham-on-Crouch railway station is a stop on the Crouch Valley Line in the East of England, serving the town of Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex. It is 43 miles 24 chains (69.68 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Althorne to the west and Southminster to the east. The Engineer's Line Reference for the line is WIS; the station's three-letter station code is BUU. The platform has an operational length for eight-coach trains. The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving it. It is located near the Mangapps Railway Museum.

Burnham-on-Crouch
Burnham-on-Crouch is a town and civil parish in the Maldon District of Essex, in the East of England; it lies on the north bank of the River Crouch. It is one of Britain's leading places for yachting.

The civil parish extends 5 miles (8 km) east of the town to the mouth of the River Crouch.  It includes the hamlets of Creeksea and Ostend west of the town; Stoneyhills to the north; and Dammer Wick, West Wick and East Wick east of the town. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 8,852 and the Burnham-on-Crouch built up area had a population of 7,805.
Fiat 130
The Fiat 130 is a large executive car which was produced by Italian car manufacturer Fiat from 1969 to 1977. It was available as a 4-door saloon and as a 2-door coupé. It has a V6 engine which is mounted in the front and drives the rear wheels.

Executive car
Executive car is a British term for a large car, and is considered equivalent to the European E-segment and American full-size classifications. Executive cars are larger than compact executive cars (and the non-luxury equivalent mid-size cars), but smaller than luxury saloons / full-size luxury sedans.

The term has also been adopted by Euro NCAP, a European organization founded to test car safety.
Michigan Memorial
The Michigan State Memorial is located on Union Avenue within the Vicksburg, Mississippi, National Military Park. The memorial is an obelisk made of white Bethel Granite that stands 37 feet (11 m) in height. It cost $10,000 and was dedicated on November 10, 1916. The sculptor was Herbert Adams. The design features a female allegory of the Spirit of Michigan.  The inscription "MICHIGAN'S/TRIBUTE OF HONOR/TO HER SOLDIERS/WHO SERVED/IN THE CAMPAIGN/AND SIEGE/OF VICKSBURG" is carved on the front of the monument.

Vicksburg National Military Park
Vicksburg National Military Park preserves the site of the American Civil War Battle of Vicksburg, waged from March 29 to July 4, 1863. The park, located in Vicksburg, Mississippi, flanking the Mississippi River, also commemorates the greater Vicksburg Campaign, which led up to the battle. Reconstructed forts and trenches evoke memories of the 47-day siege that ended in the surrender of the city. Victory here and at Port Hudson, farther south in Louisiana, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
Philip Perceval
Sir Philip Perceval (1605 – 10 November 1647) was an English politician and knight. He was knighted in 1638, obtained grants of forfeited lands in Ireland to the amount of 101,000 acres (41,000 ha), and lost extensive property in Ireland owing to the rebellion of 1641. He opposed Charles I's intention of granting the demands of the Irish Confederates in order to employ them in England: joined the parliamentary party in 1644, obtaining a seat in the House of Commons of England as member for Newport, Cornwall, where he threw in his lot with the moderate presbyterians; compelled to retire into the country owing to his opposition to the independents, September 1647.

Richard Percivale
Sir Richard Percivale (alias Perceval etc.) (1550 – 4 September 1620) of Sydenham, near Bridgwater, Somerset, was an English administrator and politician, also known as a Hispanist and lexicographer. He wrote a Spanish grammar for English readers, A Spanish Grammar, and a dictionary, both included in his Bibliotheca Hispanica (1591); this work was later enlarged by John Minsheu in A dictionarie in Spanish and English (London: Edmund Bollifant, 1599; London: printed by John Haviland for various booksellers, including William Aspley, Matthew Lownes, and George Latham, 1623).