hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Creigh Deeds
Robert Creigh Deeds (/ˈkriː/; born January 4, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician serving as a member of the Senate of Virginia representing the 11th district since 2024, and previously the 25th district since 2001. Previously, he was the Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Virginia in 2005 and Governor of Virginia in 2009. He was defeated in both of those races by Republican Bob McDonnell. Deeds lost by just 360 votes in 2005, but was defeated by a wide margin of over 17 percentage points in 2009. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1992 to 2001.

Bath County, Virginia
Bath County is a United States county located in the Shenandoah Valley on the central western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,209, making it the second-least populous county in Virginia. Bath's county seat is Warm Springs, while the largest community is Hot Springs.

Established in 1790, Bath County was named for the natural hot springs found in the region. The county is known for its mountainous terrain and picturesque landscapes, including the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests.
Bishopsgate House, Egham
51°26′19″N 0°35′36″W﻿ / ﻿51.4385°N 0.5933°W﻿ / 51.4385; -0.5933

Bishopsgate House is a large house in Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey, England. Its 42-acre estate lies close to one of the entrances to Windsor Great Park. It was built immediately to the south of the old Bishops Gate House that was demolished in the twentieth century.

Englefield Green
Englefield Green is a large village in the Borough of Runnymede, Surrey, England, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of central London. It is home to Runnymede Meadow, The Commonwealth Air Forces Memorial, The Savill Garden, and Royal Holloway, University of London.

The village grew from a hamlet in the 19th century, when much of Egham (1 mile (1.6 km) to the east) was sold by the Crown Estate.
Abe Gray
Abraham Gabriel Gray (born 16 March 1982) is an American-born New Zealand cannabis activist, politician and founder of the Whakamana Cannabis Museum, New Zealand's first and only cannabis museum. Gray was a University of Otago lecturer and tutor for over a decade before founding the museum.

Gray has been a high-profile cannabis activist and protester for almost two decades, and is known as New Zealand's "Gandalf of Weed".

2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum
The 2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum was a non-binding referendum held on 17 October 2020 in conjunction with the 2020 general election and a euthanasia referendum, on the question of whether to legalise the sale, use, possession and production of recreational cannabis. It was rejected by New Zealand voters. The form of the referendum was a vote for or against the proposed "Cannabis Legalisation and Control Bill". Official results were released by the Electoral Commission on 6 November 2020 with 50.7% of voters opposing the legalisation and 48.4% in support.

The results of the cannabis referendum would not have affected the legal status of medicinal cannabis or licensed hemp production, both of which were already legal. They would also not have affected laws regarding driving under the influence of drugs, or workplace health and safety (e.g. being under the influence of cannabis at work).
Bukhara
Bukhara (/bʊˈxɑːrə/ buu-KHAR-ə) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents as of 1 January 2020. It is the capital of Bukhara Region.

The Bukhara region has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Bukhara served as the capital of the Uzbek states such as the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara and later the Bukhara People’s Soviet Republic. It was the birthplace of the scholar Imam Bukhari. The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World Heritage Site.

Po-i-Kalyan
Po-i-Kalan, or Poi Kalan (Uzbek: Poi Kalon; Tajik: Пои калон; Persian: پای کلان, romanized: Pā-i Kalān, lit. 'At the Foot of the Great One'), is an Islamic religious complex located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The complex consists of three parts, the Kalan Mosque (Masjid-i Kalan), the Kalan Minaret (Minâra-i Kalân) to which the name refers, and the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah.

The positioning of the three structures creates a square courtyard in its center, with the Mir-i-Arab and the Kalan Mosque standing on opposite ends. In addition, the square is enclosed by a bazaar and a set of baths connected to the Minaret on the northern and southern ends respectively.

The congregational mosque in the complex is one of the largest mosques in Central Asia, behind the Bibi Khanum Mosque in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, and the Great Mosque of Herat, Afghanistan.
VMA-231
Marine Attack Squadron 231 (VMA-231) was a United States Marine Corps fixed wing attack squadron that consisted of AV-8B Harrier (V/STOL)  jets.  The squadron, known as the "Ace of Spades", is based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina and fall under the command of Marine Aircraft Group 14 (MAG-14) and the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW).

With the 2025 retirement of the Harrier aircraft, VMA-231 will be renamed Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 231 (VMFA-231) in the following fiscal year.  The squadron is transitioning to F-35Bs.

United States Marine Corps Aviation
The United States Marine Corps Aviation (USMCA) is the aircraft arm of the United States Marine Corps. Aviation units within the Marine Corps are assigned to support the Marine Air-Ground Task Force, as the aviation combat element, by providing six functions: assault support, antiair warfare, close air support, electronic warfare, control of aircraft and missiles, and aerial reconnaissance. The Corps operates rotary-wing, tiltrotor, and fixed-wing aircraft mainly to provide transport and close air support to its ground forces. Other aircraft types are also used in a variety of support and special-purpose roles. All Marine Corps aviation falls under the influence of the Deputy Commandant for Aviation, whose job is to advise the commandant of the Marine Corps in all matters relating to aviation, especially acquisition of new assets, conversions of current aircraft, maintenance, operation, and command.
Hideo Murai
Hideo Murai (村井 秀夫 Murai Hideo; December 5, 1958 – April 23, 1995) was a Japanese criminal and member of the Aum Shinrikyo cult and one of the perpetrators responsible for the Sakamoto family murder. He also helped plan the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Murai held a doctorate in astrophysics. He was reportedly the number three person in the Aum leadership, after Shoko Asahara and Kiyohide Hayakawa. He headed Aum Shinrikyo's Ministry of Science and Technology.

Shoko Asahara
Shoko Asahara (麻原 彰晃, Asahara Shōkō; March 2, 1955 – July 6, 2018), born Chizuo Matsumoto (松本 智津夫, Matsumoto Chizuo), was a Japanese cult leader and terrorist who founded and led the doomsday cult known as Aum Shinrikyo. He was convicted of masterminding the 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway which killed 14 people and injured thousands more, and was also involved in several other assassinations and terrorist attacks. Asahara was sentenced to death in 2004, and his final appeal failed in 2011. In June 2012, his execution was postponed due to further arrests of Aum members. He was ultimately executed along with other senior members of Aum Shinrikyo on July 6, 2018.
Grand Bahama
Grand Bahama is the northernmost of the islands of the Bahamas. It is the third largest island in the Bahamas island chain of approximately 700 islands and 2,400 cays. The island is roughly 530 square miles (1,400 km2) in area and approximately 153 kilometres (95 miles) long west to east and 24 kilometres (15 miles) at its widest point north to south. Its westernmost town, West End, is located 56 nautical miles (64 miles; 104 km) east of Palm Beach, Florida. Administratively, the island consists of the Freeport Bonded Area and the districts of East Grand Bahama and West Grand Bahama. Nearly half of the homes on the island were damaged or destroyed in early September 2019 by Hurricane Dorian.

Hawksbill Creek Agreement
The Hawksbill Creek Agreement named in honour of the Hawksbill Sea Turtle was an agreement signed in 1955 between the government of the Bahamas and Wallace Groves to establish a city and free trade zone on Grand Bahama Island with an aim of spurring economic development in the area.

Groves was granted 50,000 acres (200 km²) of land with an option of adding 50,000 acres (200 km²). The Grand Bahama Port Authority was created to develop and administer the land and thus the city of Freeport was planned and built from scratch. To encourage investment, the agreement allowed the port authority not to pay taxes on income, capital gains, real estate, and private property until 1985—a provision that extended the agreement a further 49 years.  This has since been extended to 2054.
Swift Dam
Swift Dam or Swift No. 1 is an earth-type hydroelectric dam on the Lewis River, in the U.S. state of Washington. Completed in 1958, it is located in Skamania County and its reservoir is called Swift Reservoir.

Lewis River (Washington)
The Lewis River is a tributary of the Columbia River, about 95 miles (153 km) long, in southwestern Washington in the United States. It drains part of the Cascade Range north of the Columbia River. The drainage basin of the Lewis River covers about 1,046 square miles (2,709 km2). The river's mean annual discharge is about 6,125 cubic feet per second (173.4 m3/s). Unlike nearby Lewis County and Fort Lewis the Lewis River was not named for Meriwether Lewis, but rather for A. Lee Lewis, an early pioneer who homesteaded near the mouth of the river.
Diocese of La Crosse
The Diocese of La Crosse (Latin: Dioecesis Crossensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in west-central Wisconsin in the United States. The metropolitan for the diocese is the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The mother church is the Cathedral of Saint Joseph the Workman in La Crosse.

Alexander Joseph McGavick
Alexander Joseph McGavick (August 21, 1863 – August 25, 1948) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of La Crosse in Wisconsin from 1921 until his death in 1948. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois from 1899 to 1921.
Welcome to Hard Times (novel)
Welcome to Hard Times is the debut novel of American author E. L. Doctorow, published in 1960. It is set in a small settlement in the Dakota Territory named Hard Times. After "The Bad Man from Bodie" arrives in Hard Times and terrorizes the townspeople with rape, murder, and arson, the few survivors work to restore their town. A post-Western, the novel is notable for its exploration of good and evil. It was adapted into a 1967 film of the same name.

Contemporary Western
Contemporary Western is a subgenre of the Western genre that includes contemporary settings and uses Old West themes, archetypes, and motifs, such as a rebellious antihero, open plains and desert landscapes, or gunfights.  This sub-genre includes the post-Western, neo-Western, and urban Western genres that include "the cowboy cult" in a modern setting that involves the audience's feelings and understanding of Western movies. A neo-Western can be said to use Western themes set in the present day.: 62  According to Stephen Teo in Eastern Westerns: Film and Genre Outside and Inside Hollywood, there is little difference between the neo-Western and post-Western, and the terms may often be used interchangeably.: 96
William Byrd
William Byrd (/bɜːrd/; c. 1540 – 4 July 1623) was an English Renaissance composer. Considered among the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he had a profound influence on composers both from his native country and on the Continent. He is often considered along with John Dunstaple and Henry Purcell as one of England's most important composers of early music.

Byrd wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. He produced sacred music for Anglican services, but during the 1570s became a Roman Catholic, and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life.

Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC (1 June 1563 – 24 May 1612) was an English statesman and alleged spymaster noted for his direction of the government during the Union of the Crowns, as Tudor England gave way to Stuart rule (1603). Lord Salisbury served as the Secretary of State of England (1596–1612) and  Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612), succeeding his father as Queen Elizabeth I's Lord Privy Seal and remaining in power during the first nine years of King James I's reign until his own death.

The principal discoverer of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, Robert Cecil remains a controversial historic figure as it is still debated at what point he first learned of the plot and to what extent he acted as an agent provocateur.
11th Guards Airborne Division
The 11th Guards Airborne Division was the name of two separate airborne divisions of the Soviet Airborne Troops. The division was first formed in late 1943 from three airborne brigades and did not see action before its conversion to the 104th Guards Rifle Division nearly a year later. The division was formed a second time in 1948 from a regiment at Ryazan and was disbanded in 1955.

106th Guards Airborne Division
The 106th Guards Tula Red Banner Orders of Kutuzov and Suvorov Airborne Division (Russian: 106-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная Тульская Краснознамённая орденов Кутузова и Суворова дивизия; MUN 55599), more generally referred to as the Tula Division, is one of the four airborne divisions of the Russian Airborne Troops, the VDV (Russian: Воздушно-десантные войска, romanized: Vozdushno-desantnye voyska). Based in the city of Tula, to the south of Moscow, it is administratively located within the Moscow Military District.
Luzhsky District
Luzhsky District (Russian: Лу́жский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Gatchinsky District in the north, Tosnensky District in the northeast, Novgorodsky and Batetsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in the southeast, Shimsky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the south, Plyussky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, Slantsevsky District in the west, and Volosovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 6,006.44 square kilometers (2,319.10 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Luga. Population (excluding the administrative center): 40,166 (2010 Census); 41,885 (2002 Census); 48,721 (1989 Soviet census).

Batetsky District
Batetsky District (Russian: Батецкий район) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Luzhsky District of Leningrad Oblast in the northwest, Novgorodsky District in the east, and with Shimsky District in the south. The area of the district is 1,600 square kilometers (620 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Batetsky. District's population: 6,335 (2010 Census); 6,996 (2002 Census); 7,622 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 35.6% of the district's total population.
Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).

Sapudi Islands
Sapudi Islands are a group of 14 islands that lie between Madura Island and the Kangean islands of Indonesia. It is part of the Greater Sunda Islands and is located in the Java Sea. The Sapudi Islands are administered as three kecamatan (districts) of Sumenep Regency in the province of East Java. The land area is 167.38 km2, and there was a population of 82,024 at the 2010 Census and 85,284 at the 2020 Census, but the official estimate for mid 2022 showed a decline to 77,153. The Sapudi dialect of the Madurese language is spoken on the islands.

Nonggunong District includes the northern half of Sapudi Island (Pulau Sapedi) and the small offshore islands of Manok and Payangan. Gayam District includes the southern half of Sapudi Island. Raas District comprises 11 islands further east, of which the main are Raas, Ketupat and Tonduk. The main settlement on Sapudi Island (Nonggunong District) is Sonok, while on Raas Island, the main settlement is at Brakas in the east.
Journal of Media Literacy Education
The Journal of Media Literacy Education is a quarterly open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal that is published by Digital Commons at the University of Rhode Island on behalf of the National Association for Media Literacy Education, a non-profit national membership organization for media literacy education in the United States. In 2022, the co-editors are Maria Ranieri (University of Florence, Italy), Julian McDougall (Bournemouth University), and Lucas Jacob (LaJolla Country Day School). Previous JMLE editors have been recognized by the organization for their  leadership and service.

Renee Hobbs
Renee Hobbs is an American scholar and educator who works in the field of media literacy education. She is Professor of Communication Studies at the Harrington School of Communication and Media, University of Rhode Island and founder of the Media Education Lab.
Saint-Offenge-Dessous
Saint-Offenge-Dessous (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɔfɑ̃ʒ dəsu], "Lower Saint-Offenge"; Savoyard: Sant-Ofinzho-dzo) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2015, Saint-Offenge-Dessous and Saint-Offenge-Dessus merged becoming one commune called Saint-Offenge.

Saint-Offenge-Dessus
Saint-Offenge-Dessus (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t‿ɔfɑ̃ʒ dəsy], "Upper Saint-Offenge"; Savoyard: Sant-Ofinzho-dsu) is a former commune in the Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. On 1 January 2015, Saint-Offenge-Dessus and Saint-Offenge-Dessous merged becoming one commune called Saint-Offenge.
Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall
The Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall is a 12th-century palace built at the same time as the adjacent St Magnus Cathedral in the centre of Kirkwall, Orkney, Scotland. It housed the cathedral's first bishop, William the Old of the Norwegian Catholic Church who took his authority from the Archbishop of Nidaros (Trondheim). The ruined structure now looks like a small castle.

Kirkwall
Kirkwall (Scots: Kirkwa, Kirkwaa, or Kirkwal; Norn: Kirkavå; Scottish Gaelic: Bàgh na h-Eaglaise) is the largest town in Orkney, an archipelago to the north of mainland Scotland. First mentioned in the Orkneyinga saga, it is today the location of the headquarters of the Orkney Islands Council and a transport hub with ferries to many locations. It is the centre of the St Magnus International Festival and is also a popular stopping off point for cruise ships. St Magnus Cathedral stands at the heart of the town.
Toilet paper orientation
Some toilet roll holders or dispensers allow the toilet paper to hang in front of (over) or behind (under) the roll when it is placed parallel to the wall. This divides opinions about which orientation is better. Arguments range from aesthetics, hospitality, ease of access, and cleanliness, to paper conservation, ease of detaching sheets, and compatibility with pets.

This issue was the topic of a 1977 Ask Ann Landers column, where it was occasionally reconsidered and often mentioned. In a 1986 speech, Landers claimed it was the most popular column, attracting 15,000 letters.

The case study of "toilet paper orientation" has been used as a teaching tool in instructing sociology students in the practice of social constructionism.

Toilet roll holder
A toilet-roll holder, also known as a toilet paper dispenser, is a contraption used to hold a roll of toilet paper. Common models include a hinged length of wire mounted horizontally on a wall, a thicker axle either recessed into a wall or mounted on a frame, or a freestanding vertical pole on a base. In recent years, automatic toilet paper dispensers that automatically fold and cut the toilet paper are being installed in public toilets.
Erik Magnusson (duke)
Erik Magnusson (c. 1282 – 1318) was a Swedish duke and the second son of King Magnus Ladulås. His duchy consisted of large parts of Sweden, as well as smaller parts of Norway and Denmark. He had a troubled relationship with his brother, King Birger Magnusson, with several uprisings as a result. His son, Magnus, became the king of Norway and Sweden. The Erik's Chronicle, the oldest Swedish chronicle, is named for him.

Helvig of Holstein
Helvig of Holstein (also known as Hedwig; c. 1259 – c. 1325) was Queen of Sweden as the consort of King Magnus Ladulås. Her parents were Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe (died 1290) and Elisabeth of Mecklenburg (died 1280).
Meander (art)
A meander or meandros (Greek: Μαίανδρος) is a decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif. To some Italians, these patterns are known as "Greek lines". Such a design may also be called the Greek fret or Greek key design, although these terms are modern designations; this decorative motif appears much earlier and among Near and Far eastern cultures that are far from Greece. Usually the term is used for motifs with straight lines and right angles and the many versions with rounded shapes are called running scrolls or, following the etymological origin of the term, may be identified as water wave motifs.

Geometric art
Geometric art is a phase of Greek art, characterized largely by geometric motifs in vase painting, that flourished towards the end of the Greek Dark Ages and a little later, c. 900–700 BC. Its center was in Athens, and from there the style spread among the trading cities of the Aegean. The so-called Greek Dark Ages were considered to last from c. 1100 to 800 BC and include the phases from the Protogeometric period to the Middle Geometric I period, which Knodell (2021) calls Prehistoric Iron Age. The vases had various uses or purposes within Greek society, including, but not limited to, funerary vases and symposium vases.
Multi-curve framework
In mathematical finance, the multi-curve framework refers to 

the use of multiple interest rate curves to price the various fixed income securities and derivatives, based on their characteristics, particularly tenor, but also currency.

XVA
X-Value Adjustment (XVA, xVA) is an umbrella term referring to a number of different "valuation adjustments" that banks must make when assessing the value of derivative contracts that they have entered into. The purpose of these is twofold: primarily to hedge for possible losses due to other parties' failures to pay amounts due on the derivative contracts; but also to determine (and hedge) the amount of capital required under the bank capital adequacy rules.  XVA has led to the creation of specialized desks in many banking institutions to manage XVA exposures.