hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
I-10 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge
The I-10 Bonnet Carré Spillway Bridge is a twin concrete trestle bridge in the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a total length of 58,077 feet (17,702 m; 10.9994 mi), it is one of the longest bridges in the world.

The bridge carries Interstate 10 over the Bonnet Carré Spillway, Lake Pontchartrain, and LaBranche Wetlands in St. Charles Parish and a portion of St. John the Baptist and Jefferson Parishes. The bridge opened in 1972.

Bonnet Carré Spillway
The Bonnet Carré Spillway /ˈbɒniː ˈkɛriː/ is a flood control operation in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Located in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, about 12 miles (19 km) west of New Orleans, it allows floodwaters from the Mississippi River to flow into Lake Pontchartrain and thence into the Gulf of Mexico. The spillway was constructed between 1929 and 1931, following the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, and has been designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Ninham
Ninham is a hamlet on the Isle of Wight in the parish of Shanklin, and about 2 miles (3.3 km) away from Shanklin, the nearest tourist town.

Ninham postal code is PO37 7PL - and is marked incorrectly on google maps.

It is about 7 miles (12 km) away from Newport, the island's capital.

It is the location of Ninham Farm and it is also the location of Ninham Country Holidays, a campsite.

Shanklin
Shanklin (/ˈʃæŋklɪn/) is a seaside resort town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight, England, located on Sandown Bay. Shanklin is the southernmost of three settlements which occupy the bay, and is close to Lake and Sandown. The sandy beach, its Old Village and a wooded ravine, Shanklin Chine, are its main attractions. The esplanade along the beach is occupied by hotels and restaurants for the most part, and is one of the most tourist-oriented parts of the town. The other is the Old Village, at the top of Shanklin Chine.
Together with Lake and Sandown to the north, Shanklin forms a built up area of around 25,000 inhabitants, Shanklin alone contributing around 9,123 of this.
Aberdare Athletic F.C.
Aberdare Athletic Football Club were a Welsh football club founded in 1893 and based at the Athletic Ground in Aberdare. They joined the Football League in 1921 but were replaced by Torquay United after failing to be re-elected in 1927.

Welsh Football League
The Welsh Football League (also known as the Nathaniel Car Sales Welsh Football League for sponsorship reasons) was a club football league in Wales. For its final season in 2019–20 season it operated at levels 3 and 4 of the Welsh football league system. Level 3 – the Welsh Football League Division One and level 4 Welsh Football League Division Two. It folded in 2020 after the Football Association of Wales took over the running of tier 3 leagues and the responsibility for tier 4 passed to regional football associations.

The Welsh Football League's history stretches back to 1904 when the competition was first formed and Aberdare were crowned first champions of a seven-team First Division. Abergavenny were champions of Division 2 and Trelewis the winners of Division 3.
Adraskan District
Adraskan is a district in the central part of Herat Province in Afghanistan. It is bordered to the west by Iran, to the north by Ghoryan District, Zinda Jan District, Guzara District, Pashtun Zarghun District and Obe District, to the east by Farsi District and to the south by Shindand District.

The population was estimated at 52,200 in 2012. The district is large; the eastern part is much more populated than the west. The Harut River (also known as the Adraskan River) flows from east to south through Adraskan. The main road from Herat to Kandahar passes in a north–south direction through the district center, the ancient town of Adraskan.

Shindand District
Shinḍanḍ District (Pashto: شينډنډ) is located in the southern part of Herat Province in Afghanistan, bordering Adraskan District to the north, Ghor Province to the east and Farah Province to the south and west. It is one of the 16 districts of Herat Province. The name Shindand is Pashto and relates to lush green farming area.

The population of Shindand District is around 49,024. The district center is the town of Shindand, which has an active market area. Shindand Air Base is located near the town. The Kandahar–Herat Highway passes through the district. The Zerkoh Valley is in the district.
Haplogroup I-Z63
Haplogroup I-Z63, also known as I1a3 per the International Society of Genetic Genealogy ('ISOGG), is a Y chromosome haplogroup. It is correlated with a DYS456 value inferior to 15, but there are exceptions.

I-Z63 is most common in England, Scotland, Germany, Fennoscandia and Poland. Its progenitor is assumed to have lived in Jutland at around 2500 BCE. The earliest archeological sample for I-Z63 is indeed connected to an individual from near Hjørring in Jutland, present Denmark. Within Fennoscandia, I-Z63 has a particularly strong association with Finland. To date, ancient I-Z63 has been found archeologically in historic Jutland (present Denmark and Germany) along with Poland, Hungary, Turkey and Italy.

Sviatopolk I of Kiev
Sviatopolk I Vladimirovich (also called Sviatopolk the Accursed or the Accursed Prince; Old East Slavic: Свѧтоплъкъ, romanized: Svętoplŭkŭ; c. 980 – 1019) was Prince of Turov from 988 to 1015 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 1015 to 1019. He earned his sobriquet after allegedly murdering his brothers during his bid to take the throne. His actual responsibility is disputed by historians.

The Svyatopolk-Mirsky family of Rurikid origin attribute their descent from Sviatopolk. Tsar Peter the Great  recognized their descent during his reign.
IkappaB kinase
The IκB kinase (IkappaB kinase or IKK) is an enzyme complex that is involved in propagating the cellular response to inflammation, specifically the regulation of lymphocytes.

The IκB kinase enzyme complex is part of the upstream NF-κB signal transduction cascade.  The IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B) protein inactivates the NF-κB transcription factor by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm.  Specifically, IKK phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein. This phosphorylation results in the dissociation of IκBα from NF-κB. NF-κB, which is now free, migrates into the nucleus and activates the expression of at least 150 genes; some of which are anti-apoptotic.

NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stressful stimuli like cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.
The Wanderground
The Wanderground is a speculative fiction novel by Sally Miller Gearhart, published in 1978 by Persephone Press. It is Gearhart's first and most famous novel, and continues to be used in women's studies classes as a characteristic example of the separatist feminism movement from the 1970s.

Feminist separatism
Feminist separatism or separatist feminism is the theory that feminist opposition to patriarchy can be achieved through women's sex segregation from men. Much of the theorising is based on lesbian feminism.

Author Marilyn Frye describes feminist separatism as "separation of various sorts or modes from men and from institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male-defined, male-dominated, and operating for the benefit of males and the maintenance of male privilege – this separation being initiated or maintained, at will, by women."
1997–98 England Hockey League season
The 1997–98 English Hockey League season took place from October 1997 until May 1998.

The Men's National League was won by Cannock with the Women's National League going to Slough.

The Men's Hockey Association Cup was won by Cannock and the Women's Cup (AEWHA Cup) was won by Clifton.

Cannock Hockey Club
Cannock Hockey Club are an English professional field hockey team. They were established in 1905, and are based in the village of Hatherton, near Cannock, Staffordshire. Both the men's and women's first teams have played in the England Hockey League Premier Division, the top division of hockey in England. The women’s first team play in the Midlands Conference, whilst the men’s first team play in Midlands Division 2.
Mail Tribune
The Mail Tribune was a seven-day daily newspaper based in Medford, Oregon, United States that served Jackson County, Oregon, and adjacent areas of Josephine County, Oregon and northern California. The paper ceased operations on January 13, 2023. The closure was announced by Rosebud Media, the paper's owner, two days prior.

Its coverage area centered on Medford and Ashland and included many small communities in Jackson County. The newspaper also covered Central Point, Talent, Eagle Point, Grants Pass and Phoenix, as well as Jacksonville and other cities in the Rogue Valley.

Medford, Oregon
Medford is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Oregon, in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census on April 1, 2020, the city had a total population of 85,824, making it the eighth-most populous city in Oregon, and a metropolitan area population of 223,259, making the Medford Metropolitan Statistical Area the fifth largest metro area in Oregon. The city was named in 1883 by David Loring, civil engineer and right-of-way agent for the Oregon and California Railroad, after Medford, Massachusetts, which was near Loring's hometown of Concord, Massachusetts.  Medford is near the middle fork of Bear Creek.
Tokuji, Yamaguchi
Tokuji (徳地町, Tokuji-chō) was a town located in Saba District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,946 and a density of 27.37 persons per km2. The total area was 290.35 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Tokuji, along with the towns of Aio, Ajisu and Ogōri (all from Yoshiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Yamaguchi.

Tokuji was home to Saba High School, which has a student body of around 100. Tokuji is a location of washi (traditional handmade Japanese paper) making since 1186.

Yamaguchi (city)
Yamaguchi (山口市, Yamaguchi-shi) is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 191,470 in 88,799 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,023.23 square kilometres (395.07 sq mi).
The Stronger Spell
"The Stronger Spell" is a fantasy short story by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, part of his Pusadian series. It was first published in the magazine Fantasy Fiction for November 1953, and first appeared in book form in de Camp's collection The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (Twayne, 1953). It has since been reprinted in the anthology The Mighty Barbarians, edited by Hans Stefan Santesson (Lancer Books, 1969). It was included in the omnibus de Camp collection Lest Darkness Fall/Rogue Queen/The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales published in trade paperback by Gollancz in February 2014 and as an ebook by Gateway/Orion in March of the same year. It has also been translated into Dutch and German.

Pusadian series
The Pusadian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, begun in the early 1950s and written under the influence of Robert E. Howard's Conan stories. The series, also known as the Poseidonis series, prefigured the numerous sword & sorcery settings of the 1960s and 1970s.
Copford
Copford is a village and civil parish in the City of Colchester district of Essex, England. It is 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Colchester, and the hamlet of Copford Green is found a short distance to the south. The poet Matthew Arnold noted he was struck by "the deeply rural character of the village and neighbourhood." The parish also includes the village of Easthorpe. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,726.

Copford Green
Copford Green is a hamlet within the civil parish of Copford and the district of Colchester in Essex, England. It is near the A12 and A120 roads, and is 3 kilometres (2 mi) south west of Colchester.

The parish church of St Michael's & All Angels, with sections dating back as far as 1130, is adjacent to Copford Green, as is the manorial house of Copford Hall.
Tincture of cannabis
Tincture of cannabis, sometimes known as green dragon, is an alcoholic cannabis concentrate. The solubility of THC in ethanol is greater than 1 g/mL.

According to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) cannabis tinctures (tincturea) are a type of liquid cannabis extract obtained using ethanol, water, glycerol, propylene glycol and fatty oils as extraction solvents, depending on the type of tincture (and also on the solvent used) it can have a specific mass/volume ratio or a specific therapeutic agents content.

Cannabis tinctures are used in the production of specific extracts, like nabiximols.

Cannabis concentrate
Cannabis concentrate, also called marijuana concentrate, marijuana extract, or cannabis extract, is a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) concentrated mass. Cannabis concentrates contain high THC levels that range from 40% to over 90%, stronger in THC content than high-grade marijuana, which normally measures around 20% THC levels.

Volatile solvents, such as ethanol, butane, propane or hexane, may be used to prepare extracts, but can possibly lead to fire and explosion hazards in uncontrolled environments. Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction alleviates concerns of fire and explosion and results in a high-quality product.

Legally produced concentrates for retail sale in legalized U.S. states are often packaged in small lip balm-sized containers.
RAF Filton
Royal Air Force Filton or more simply RAF Filton is a former Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Air Force (RAF) station located 5 miles (8 km) north of the city centre of Bristol, England.

Throughout its existence, RAF Filton shared the airfield with the Bristol Aeroplane Company (later British Aircraft Corporation) whose works, now owned by BAE/Airbus, are situated on the south side of the main runway.

No. 501 Squadron RAuxAF
No. 501 Squadron was the 14th of the 21 flying units in the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, the volunteer reserve part of the British Royal Air Force. The squadron won seven battle honours, flying Hurricane, Spitfire and Tempest fighter aircraft during World War II, and was one of the most heavily engaged units in RAF Fighter Command. In particular, the Squadron saw extensive action during the Battle of France and Battle of Britain. At present the unit is not flying any more and has a logistics role as part of No 85 Expeditionary Logistics Wing.
Locwood stop
Locwood (Chinese: 樂湖) is an MTR Light Rail stop. It is located at ground level at Tin Shui Road, between Locwood Court and Sherwood Court of Kingswood Villas, in Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long District. It began service on 10 January 1993 and belongs to Zone 4.

Kingswood Villas
Kingswood Villas (Chinese: 嘉湖山莊) is a private housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong. It has a total of 58 residential blocks and 15,808 units in six phases. It is the first private housing estate in Tin Shui Wai and one of the largest private housing estates in Hong Kong. It was developed by Cheung Kong Holdings from 1991 to 1999.
Liturgusidae
Liturgusidae is a family of praying mantises  in the new (2019) Neotropical superfamily Acanthopoidea.  A substantial number of genera, previously placed here, have recently been moved to the new or revived other families:

Dactylopterygidae

Gonypetidae

Epaphroditidae: subfamily Gonatistinae

Majangidae: subfamily Majanginae

Mantidae: subfamily Mellierinae

Nanomantidae: subfamily Fulciniinae

Gonypetidae
The Gonypetidae are a new (2019) family of praying mantids, based on the type genus Gonypeta.  The name was created by Westwood and it has been revived as part of a major revision of mantid taxonomy; the subfamily Iridopteryginae having been moved here from the obsolete family Iridopterygidae.  The Gonypetinae include Asian genera transferred from the obsolete taxa Amelinae and Liturgusidae.

The new placement is in superfamily Gonypetoidea (of group Cernomantodea) and infraorder Schizomantodea.  Genera in this family have been recorded from: NE Africa, the Middle East, India, Indochina, Malesia through to New Guinea.
Bailleur
A bailleur, a French term, is a landowner who outsourced uncultivated parcels of land as part of an early Middle Age sharecropping system known as complant — a precursor to the métayage system. Under this system, a laborer known as a prendeur would agree to cultivate land owned by the bailleur in exchange for ownership of the crop and its production. For use of the bailleur's soil, the prendeur promised a share (normally a third to two-thirds) of the crop's production or its revenue to the bailleur. The length of this partnership varied, and would sometimes extend over generations.

Metayage
The metayage system is the cultivation of land for a proprietor by one who receives a proportion of the produce, as a kind of sharecropping. Another class of land tenancy in France is named fermage, whereby the rent is paid annually in banknotes. A farm operating under métayage was known as a métairie, the origin of some place names in areas where the system was used, such as Metairie, Louisiana.
Dai people
The Dai people (Burmese: ရှမ်းလူမျိုး; Tai Lü: ᨴᩱ/ᨴᩱ᩠ᨿ; Lao: ໄຕ; Thai: ไท; Shan: တႆး, [tai˥˩]; Tai Nüa: ᥖᥭᥰ, [tai˥]; Chinese: 傣族; pinyin: Dǎizú) are several Tai-speaking ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of China's Yunnan Province. The Dai people form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. By extension, the term can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general. For other names, see the table below.

Tai Dam language
Tai Dam (simplified Chinese: 傣担语; traditional Chinese: 傣擔語; pinyin: Dǎidānyǔ), also known as Black Tai (Thai: ภาษาไทดำ; pronounced [pʰāː sǎː tʰāj dām]; Vietnamese: tiếng Thái Đen; 'Black Tai language'; simplified Chinese: 黑傣语; traditional Chinese: 黑傣語; pinyin: Hēidǎiyǔ), is a Tai language spoken by the Tai Dam in Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and China (mostly in Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County).

The Tai Dam language is similar to Thai and Lao (including Isan), but it is not close enough to be readily understood by most Thai and Lao (Isan) speakers. In particular, the Khmer, Pali and Sanskrit additions to Thai and Lao (Isan) are largely missing from Tai Dam.
Cesarewitch (English greyhound race)
The Cesarewitch is a greyhound racing competition held at Central Park Stadium. It was originally one of the classic races held in the British racing calendar and was inaugurated in 1928 and held at West Ham Stadium until its closure in 1972.

The event switched to Belle Vue Stadium until 1995 when it was transferred to Greyhound Racing Association (GRA) sister track Catford Stadium. The GRA closed Catford in 2000 and switched the Cesarewitch to their newly acquired track Oxford Stadium. The event ended following the closure of Oxford in 2012.

In 2020, the competition was brought back by Entain and was held at their stadia of Romford and Crayford and sponsored by the company's brand Ladbrokes Coral as a category 1 race, before switching to Central Park in 2023.

Central Park Stadium
Central Park Stadium formerly Sittingbourne Stadium is a greyhound racing track, and former speedway track and football stadium located in Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent, England. Greyhound racing takes place every Friday evening in addition to their four SIS morning meetings.
Freezing air temperature
Freezing or frost occurs when the air temperature falls below the freezing point of water (0 °C, 32 °F, 273 K). This is usually measured at the height of 1.2 metres above the ground surface.

There exist some scales defining several degrees of frost severity (from "slight" to "very severe") but they depend on location thus the usual temperatures occurring in winter. The primary symptom of frost weather is that water freezes. If the temperature is low for sufficiently long time, freezing will occur with some delay in lakes, rivers, and the sea. It can occur even in water supply networks, although this is highly undesirable and efforts are made to prevent this from happening.

Atmospheric temperature
Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation, humidity, and altitude. The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.
Millicom
Millicom International Cellular SA is a Luxembourgish fixed line and mobile telecommunications services provider operating in Latin America operating under the Tigo brand. Its main shareholder is Xavier Niel, a French billionaire who owns 40% of the company.

As of March 31, 2025, Millicom operating subsidiaries and joint ventures employed more than 14,000 people and provided mobile services to approximately 46 million customers, with a cable footprint of more than 14 million homes passed.

Iliad SA
Iliad SA, stylized as iliad, is a French telecommunications company. It is based in Paris and its operations comprise fixed and mobile telephony services, prepaid phone cards and Internet access providing and hosting services.

The company was founded by Xavier Niel in 1990.

Iliad is the 5th largest European telecommunications group with 50 million subscribers through its subsidiaries in France, Italy, and Poland.
Stajićevo camp
The Stajićevo camp (Logor Stajićevo) was an agricultural farm in Stajićevo near Zrenjanin, Serbia (then part of SFR Yugoslavia, then FRY) where Croatian prisoners of war and civilians were kept by Serbian authorities. The camp also acted as a transit facility where prisoners were taken before being moved to the Sremska Mitrovica camp. Individual reports have said that 1500 people were held there. The ICTY's figure for the camp was 1700 detainees.

The camp was cited in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia's case against then Serbian president Slobodan Milošević. Goran Hadžić is also indicted on charges by the ICTY related to the camp.

Prisoners at the camp included people captured in the Battle of Vukovar such as Fred Matić, who described it as an animal barn where living conditions were the worst in his experience of three Serbian camps, and the future Croatian parliamentarian Ivica Pančić's father and brother.

Stajićevo
Stajićevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Стајићево; Hungarian: Óécska) is a village in Serbia. It is located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (96.29%) and its population numbering 1,999 people (2002 census).