hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PVF-CAND FC
PVF-Cong An Nhan Dan Football Club (Vietnamese: Câu lạc bộ bóng đá PVF-Công An Nhân Dân), simply known as PVF-CAND, is a professional football club based in Hưng Yên, Vietnam. The club play their home matches at PVF Stadium and compete in the V.League 1, the top flight of Vietnamese football league system. Formed in 2018 as Phố Hiến FC, the club adopted their current name in 2023.

2023 V.League 2
The 2023 V.League 2, known as the Gold Star V.League 2 (Vietnamese: Giải bóng đá Hạng Nhất Quốc gia Bia Sao Vàng 2023) for sponsorship reasons, will be the 29th season of V. League 2, Vietnam's second tier professional football league. The season is scheduled to commence on 6 April 2023.
St James Mill
St James Mill is an English Industrial Revolution mill in Norwich.

It was built between 1836 and 1839 as part of an attempt by the Norwich Yarn Company (established 1833 by Samuel Bignold)  to prevent the collapse of the local textile trade. The architect was John Brown. The site was occupied by the White Friars (Carmelites) in the 13th century, and an original arch and undercroft survive.

When the local textile trade went into further decline, St James Mill was bought by Jarrold & Sons Ltd for use by its printing department in 1902. The building was subsequently leased to Caley's, the chocolate manufacturer, and sold to the government as a training factory for war veterans in 1920.

Jarrolds bought back the mill in 1933 and today it is a private office complex. Among the organisations based there are Virgin Wines and Norfolk Community Foundation.

The mill is part of the Norwich 12.

Norwich 12
52°37′44.4936″N 1°17′32.59″E﻿ / ﻿52.629026000°N 1.2923861°E﻿ / 52.629026000; 1.2923861

Norwich 12 was an initiative by the Norwich Heritage Economic and Regeneration Trust (HERT) to develop 12 of Norwich's most iconic buildings into an integrated family of heritage attractions to act as an international showcase of English urban and cultural development over the last 1,000 years.

Norwich HERT initially secured £1 million from HM Treasury's 'Invest to Save' budget to run the program.

The 12 buildings are a collection of architectural styles that span across the Norman, medieval, Georgian, Victorian, and modern eras.

The program was launched in the summer of 2008.
Rijnwaarden
Rijnwaarden (Dutch pronunciation: [rɛiɱˈʋaːrdə(n)] ⓘ) was a municipality in the province of Gelderland, in the eastern Netherlands. The Rhine enters the Netherlands at its location. Rijnwaarden was merged into the municipality of Zevenaar on 1 January 2018.

Zevenaar
Zevenaar (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈzeːvənaːr] ⓘ) is a municipality and a city in the Gelderland province, in the eastern Netherlands near the border with Germany.

In January 2018 the neighbouring municipality of Rijnwaarden was merged with Zevenaar.
Kulthum (crater)
Kulthum is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 31 kilometers. Its name was suggested by Molouk Ba-Isa from Saudi Arabia, Swiss individual Riana Rakotoarimanana, and American residents Yehya Hassouna, David Suttles, Thorayya Said Giovannelli and Matt Giovannelli in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Kulthum is named for the Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum.

Hollows are present as bright areas on the central peak of Kulthum.

The craters Carolan, Enheduanna, Karsh, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

Kulthum is east of Rustaveli crater.

Rustaveli (crater)
Rustaveli is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2012, after the Georgian poet Shota Rustaveli.

Rustaveli is one of 110 peak ring basins on Mercury.  The interior has mostly been flooded by impact melt or volcanic deposits.

A confirmed dark spot is present in northern Rustaveli.  This dark spot is associated with hollows (see below).

To the east of Rustaveli is Kulthum crater.  The crater Copland and Nathair Facula are to the southwest.
Algorithmic pricing
Algorithmic pricing is the practice of automatically setting the requested price for items for sale, in order to maximize the seller's profits.

Dynamic pricing algorithms usually rely on one or more of the following data.

Probabilistic and statistical information on potential buyers; see Bayesian-optimal pricing.

Prices of competitors. E.g., a seller of an item may automatically detect the lowest price currently offered for that item, and suggest a price within $1 of that price.

Personal information of the currently active buyer, such as her or his demographics and her or his interest in the product. If the seller detects that you are about to buy, your price goes up.

Business information of the seller, such as the expected date in which he or she is going to receive new stocks, or her or his target selling velocity in units per day.

Bayesian-optimal pricing
Bayesian-optimal pricing (BO pricing) is a kind of algorithmic pricing in which a seller determines the sell-prices based on probabilistic assumptions on the valuations of the buyers. It is a simple kind of a Bayesian-optimal mechanism, in which the price is determined in advance without collecting actual buyers' bids.
Monforte d'Alba
Monforte d'Alba is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Monforte d'Alba borders the following municipalities: Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, Dogliani, Monchiero, Novello, Roddino, and Serralunga d'Alba.

It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). Monforte d'Alba is part of the zone of the  Barolo wine production area.

Novello, Piedmont
Novello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is located approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Turin and 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 968 and covered an area of 11.6 square kilometres (4.5 sq mi). Novello shares borders with the following municipalities: Barolo, Lequio Tanaro, Monchiero, Monforte d'Alba, and Narzole.
Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus
Tatiana "Tanja" Tolstoy-Paus (born Countess Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya, Russian: Графиня Татья́на Льво́вна Толста́я; 20 September 1914 – 29 January 2007) was a Russian-Swedish countess, socialite and a member of the Tolstoy family. She was the last surviving grandchild of Leo Tolstoy.

She was born on her grandfather's estate Yasnaya Polyana, the daughter of novelist and sculptor Lev Lvovich Tolstoy and his Swedish wife Dora Westerlund. As a result of the Russian Revolution, the family fled to Sweden in 1917. In 1940 she married Norwegian-born estate owner and former competitive skier Herman Paus, the owner of the major Herresta estate outside Stockholm. Her father-in-law Karl L. Paus was a first cousin of playwright Henrik Ibsen. They had four children. She was active in regional politics and as a philanthropist and socialite in Swedish society.

Her great-niece is jazz singer Viktoria Tolstoy.

Tolstoy family
The House of Tolstoy, or Tolstoi (Russian: Толстой), is a family of Russian nobility (dvoryanstvo) that acceded to the high aristocracy of the Russian Empire. The name Tolstoy is itself derived from the Russian adjective tolstyj (толстый lit. 'thick, stout, fat'). They are the descendants of Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy ("the Fat"), who moved from Chernigov to Moscow and served under Vasily II of Moscow in the 15th century. The "wild Tolstoys", as they were known in the high society of Imperial Russia, have left a lasting legacy in Russian politics, military history, literature, and fine arts. The most famous member of the family is the author Leo Tolstoy.
Adi Keyh
Adi Keyh (Tigrinya: ዓዲ ቐይሕ "Red Village"), is a market town in Eritrea, lying approximatively 110 kilometers southeast of Asmara.  It lies almost 2,500 metres above sea level and has a population of around 40,000 people. They speak Tigrinya and saho. The ruins of Qohaito and Toconda lie near the town. Eritrea's College of Science and Arts, which cost $17 million to construct, is located in Adi Keih.

Alternative spellings of its name include: Adi Caie, Addi Caieh, Adi Ciah, Adi Keih, Adi Qeyh, Adi Keyih and Adi Kaie.

Qohaito
Qohaito (Tigrinya: ቆሓይቶ) or Koloe was a major ancient city in what is now the Debub region of Eritrea. It was a pre-Aksumite settlement that thrived during the Aksumite period. The city was located over 2,500 meters above sea level, on a high plateau at the edge of the Great Rift Valley, about half way between Aksum and its port of Adulis. As of 2011, Qohaito's stone ruins have yet to be excavated. The ancient port city of Adulis is directly to the north east, while Matara lies to the south.

In 2011, the site was submitted to the 'Tentative List of States Parties' of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Haru (woreda)
Haru is one of the 180 Aanaas in Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the West Welega Zone, Haru is bordered on the south by Nole Kaba, on the southwest by Dale Lalo, on the west by Yubdo, on the north by Gimbi, on the east by an exclave of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, and on the southeast by the Illubabor Zone. Towns in Haru include Guyi, Chonge and Guyi Abo.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.

Nole Kaba
Nole Kaba is one of the woredas in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. Part of the West Welega Zone, Nole Kaba is bordered on the south by the Illubabor Zone, on the west by Kelem Welega Zone, on the northwest by Yubdo, and on the northeast by Haru. Towns in Nole Kaba include Bube. Sayo Nole woreda was separated from Nole Kaba.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Over 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.
Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaše
Catholic clergy involvement with the Ustaše covers the role of the Croatian Catholic Church in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a Nazi puppet state created on the territory of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia in 1941.

Krunoslav Draganović
Krunoslav Stjepan Draganović (30 October 1903 – 5 July 1983) was a Bosnian Croat Catholic priest associated with the ratlines which aided the escape of Ustaše war criminals from Europe after World War II while he was living and working at the College of St. Jerome in Rome. He was an Ustaša and a functionary in the fascist puppet state called the Independent State of Croatia.
Mojokerto
Mojokerto (Javanese: ꦩꦗꦏꦼꦂꦠ (Måjåkěrtå)) is a city in East Java Province of Indonesia. It is located 40 km southwest of Surabaya, the provincial capital, and constitutes one of the component units of the Surabaya metropolitan area (known as Gerbangkertosusila) which comprises Gresik Regency, Bangkalan Regency, Mojokerto Regency, Mojokerto City, Surabaya City, Sidoarjo Regency, and Lamongan Regency. The city covers an area of 20.21 km2, and had a population of 120,196 at the 2010 census and 132,434 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 142,272 (comprising 70,647 males and 71,625 females).

Surabaya metropolitan area
The Surabaya metropolitan area or Greater Surabaya, known locally as Gerbangkertosusila (Javanese: ꦒꦼꦂꦧꦁ​ꦏꦼꦂꦠꦱꦸꦱꦶꦭ, romanized: Gěrbangkěrtåsusila, from Gresik-Bangkalan-Mojokerto-Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Lamongan), is a metropolitan area in East Java, Indonesia. It is the country's second-largest metropolitan area, after the Jakarta metropolitan area. Gerbangkertosusila had also been used in presidential decrees to refer to a larger region which includes Jombang, Bojonegoro, and Tuban Regencies.
Anuradha (nakshatra)
Anuradha (अनुराधा), meaning "following Radha", is the seventeenth nakshatra (lunar mansion) in Indian astronomy and astrology, having a spread from 3°20' to 16°40'. It corresponds to the line of stars formed by β, δ, π and ρ Scorpii in the constellation Scorpius, which also form the Chinese lunar mansion Fang (Room).

In astrology, Anuradha is ruled by Shani (Saturn).
Mitra is the deity for Anuradha Nakshatra. Anuradha is a fragile nakshatra with the shakti power of granting abundance. Anuradha rules the breasts, stomach, womb and bowels.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Dandi, Nigeria
Dandi is a Local Government Area (LGA) in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Kamba. Dandi LGA is home to approximately 135,891 residents, predominantly belonging to the Dendi ethnic sub-division of the Zarm-Songhai peoples. It is bordered by Niger Republic, Bunza Local Government Area, and the Benin Republic. The primary language spoken is Hausa, and Islam is the prevalent religion. Noteworthy festivals in Dandi LGA comprise the Zaro festival and the Kamba fishing festival.

It has an area of 2,003 km2 and in 2006 census the  population rise to 144,273.

The postal code of the area is 862.

Bunza
Bunza is a Local Government Area (LGA) in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Bunza and was created in 1975 out of the then-state of Sokoto during the local government reform under the General Murtala administration. Bunza shares bounders in the east with Kalgo LGA, the latter was created in 1996 out of the present Bunza; in the north with Dandi and Arewa LGA's; and in the south and west with Suru Local Government Area, the latter was created in 1991 out of Bunza.

It has an area of 876 square kilometers and a 2006 population of 121,461 census .

The postal code of the area is 862.
Denis Sergeev
Denis Sergeyevich Sergeev or Denis Sergeyevich Sergeyev (Денис Сергеевич Сергеев; born March 21, 1982, in Vladimir Oblast, Russia) is a Russian amateur boxer who won the silver medal at the 2008 European Amateur Boxing Championships in the super heavyweight division.

Kubrat Pulev
Kubrat Venkov Pulev (Bulgarian: Кубрат Венков Пулев; born 4 May 1981) is a Bulgarian professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Association (WBA) heavyweight title (Regular version) from 2024 to 2025. At regional level, he has held multiple heavyweight championships, including the European title twice between 2012 and 2016. As an amateur, he won a gold and silver medal at the 2004 and 2005 European Union Championships; bronze at the 2005 World Championships; and bronze and gold at the 2006 and 2008 European Championships. He also represented Bulgaria at the 2008 Olympics.
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language is the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of meaning, indexicality, intentionality, reference, the constitution of sentences, concepts, learning, and thought.

Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell were pivotal figures in analytic philosophy's "linguistic turn". These writers were followed by Ludwig Wittgenstein (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus), the Vienna Circle, logical positivists, and Willard Van Orman Quine.

Paul Grice
Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language  who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (with its namesake Gricean maxims), which became foundational concepts in the linguistic field of pragmatics. His work on meaning has also influenced the philosophical study of semantics.
Jersey finger
Jersey finger, also known as rugby finger, is a finger-related tendon injury that is common in sport and can result in permanent loss of flexion of the end of the finger if not surgically repaired. The injury is common when one player grabs another's jersey with the tips of one or more fingers while that player is pulling or running away. It is the most common closed flexor tendon injury and occurs in the ring finger in 75% of cases.

Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
The flexor digitorum profundus or flexor digitorum communis profundus is a muscle in the forearm of humans that flexes the fingers (also known as digits). It is considered an extrinsic hand muscle because it acts on the hand while its muscle belly is located in the forearm.

Together the flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, and flexor digitorum profundus form the deep layer of ventral forearm muscles. The muscle is named from Latin 'deep bender of the fingers'.
Attlebridge
Attlebridge is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is about 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Norwich, where the A1067 road crosses the River Wensum.

The civil parish has an area of 5.27 square kilometres (2.03 sq mi) and in the 2001 census had a population of 122 in 50 households, increasing to a population of 223 in 96 households at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Broadland.

The mediaeval parish church of St Andrew is a Grade II* listed building.

Broadland
Broadland is a local government district in Norfolk, England, named after the Norfolk Broads. Its council is based at the Broadland Business Park on the outskirts of Norwich. The district includes the towns of Acle, Aylsham, Reepham, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. Several of the district's settlements (including Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew) form part of the Norwich built-up area, lying outside the city's boundaries to the north-west and north-east. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads.

The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Great Yarmouth, South Norfolk, Norwich and Breckland.

In 2013, Broadland was ranked as the most peaceful locality within the United Kingdom, having the lowest level of violent crime in the country.
Matt Letscher
Matt Letscher  is an American actor, director, and playwright, known for his roles as Captain Harrison Love in The Mask of Zorro and Colonel Adelbert Ames in Gods and Generals. He co-starred in 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi. He was also Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash in The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow.

Purple Rose Theatre Company
The Purple Rose Theatre Company is a 501(c) non-profit regional theater located in Chelsea, Michigan. It was founded in 1991 by actor and playwright Jeff Daniels. Its name comes from the 1985 film The Purple Rose of Cairo, which starred Daniels and for which he earned his first Golden Globe nomination.
Otočec Castle
Otočec Castle (Slovene: Grad Otočec, in older sources Otočič, German: Burg Werth, Burg Wördl) is a castle hotel on a small island in the middle of the Krka River in Otočec, Slovenia. It is the only water castle in Slovenia. The name Otočec means 'small island'. The town of Otočec was renamed in 1952 by the communist government from the religious name Sveti Peter 'Saint Peter' to Otočec, and the castle itself was renamed from its former German name Werth to Otočec.

Water castle
A water castle, sometimes water-castle, is a castle which incorporates a natural or artificial body of water into its defences. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbodies such as island castles in a river or offshore. The term comes from European castle studies, mainly German Burgenkunde. Some interpretations of the category emphasise that the use of water extends beyond a defensive purpose. When stately homes were built in such a location, or a Wasserburg was later rebuilt as a residential manor, the German term becomes Wasserschloss, lit. "water palace/manor".
Beretta
Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfabbrika ˈdarmi ˈpjɛːtro beˈretta]; "Pietro Beretta Weapons Factory") is a privately held Italian firearms manufacturing company operating in several countries. Its firearms are used worldwide for civilian, law enforcement, and military purposes. Sporting arms account for three-quarters of sales. Beretta also sells shooting clothes and accessories. Founded no later than 1526, Beretta is the oldest active firearm manufacturer and one of the oldest continuously operating companies in the world. Its inaugural product was the arquebus barrel; by all accounts Beretta-made barrels equipped the Venetian fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Beretta has supplied weapons for every major European war since 1650.

Beretta ARX160
The Beretta ARX160 is an Italian modular assault rifle manufactured by Beretta. Developed for the Italian Armed Forces as part of the Soldato Futuro (English: "Future Soldier") program, the ARX160 was launched in 2008 as a commercial weapon system independent from the Soldato Futuro ensemble, complete with a companion single-shot 40×46mm NATO low-velocity grenade launcher, called the GLX160, which can be mounted underneath the rifle or used with an ad hoc stock system as a stand-alone weapon.

In late 2015, Beretta introduced the Beretta ARX200 chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.
Job (biblical figure)
Job (English: /dʒoʊb/; Hebrew: אִיּוֹב 'Īyyōv; Greek: Ἰώβ Iṓb) is the central figure of the Book of Job in the Bible. In Islam, Job (Arabic: أيوب, romanized: ʾAyyūb) is also considered a prophet.

Job is presented as a good and prosperous family man who is suddenly beset with horrendous disasters that take away all he holds dear—a scenario intended to test Job's faith in God. Struggling mightily to understand this situation, Job reflects on his despair but consistently remains devout.

The language of the Book of Job, combining post-Babylonian Hebrew and Aramaic influences, indicates it was composed during the Persian period (540–330 BCE), with the poet using Hebrew in a learned, literary manner.

Şanlıurfa Province
Şanlıurfa Province (Turkish: Şanlıurfa ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Rihayê), also known as Urfa Province, is a province and metropolitan municipality in southeastern Turkey. The city of Şanlıurfa is the capital of the province which bears its name. Its area is 19,242 km2, and its population is 2,170,110 (2022). The province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan and has a Kurdish majority with a significant Arab and Turkish minority.
Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, British Virgin Islands
The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, sometimes called the Beef Island Bridge, is a bridge, 70 meters (230 ft) long, that links Beef Island with Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. The original bridge was opened in 1966, and was replaced by a new bridge in 2002.

Tortola
Tortola (/tɔːrˈtoʊlə/) is the largest and most populated island of the British Virgin Islands, a group of islands that form part of the archipelago of the Virgin Islands. It has a surface area of 55.7 square kilometres (21.5 square miles) with a total population of 23,908, with 9,400 residents in Road Town. Mount Sage is its highest point at 530 metres (1,740 feet) above sea level.

Although the British Virgin Islands (BVI) are under the British flag, it uses the U.S. dollar as its official currency due to its proximity to and frequent trade with the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. The island is home to many offshore companies that do business worldwide. Financial services are a major part of the country's economy.

On 6 September 2017, the British Virgin Islands were extensively damaged by Hurricane Irma. The most severe destruction was on Tortola. News reports over the next day or two described the situation as "devastation".