hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC
Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC, 715 F. Supp. 2d 481 (S.D.N.Y. 2010), is a United States district court case in which the Southern District of New York held that Lime Group LLC, the defendant, induced copyright infringement with its peer-to-peer file sharing software, LimeWire. The court issued a permanent injunction to shut it down. The lawsuit is a part of a larger campaign against piracy by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005), is a United States Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled unanimously that the defendants, peer-to-peer file sharing companies Grokster and Streamcast (maker of Morpheus), could be held liable for inducing copyright infringement by users of their file sharing software. The plaintiffs were a consortium of 28 entertainment companies, led by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios.
Bardstown City Schools
Bardstown City Schools is a school district located in Bardstown, Kentucky that was established in 1908. It operates Bardstown High School, Bardstown Middle School, Bardstown Elementary School, Bardstown Primary School, and Early Childhood Education Center. These six school buildings are located on three campuses with currently 2,803 students enrolled for the 2023–2024 school year.

Bardstown, Kentucky
Bardstown is a home rule-class city in Nelson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 13,567 in the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Nelson County.

Bardstown is named for the pioneering Bard brothers. David Bard obtained a 1,000-acre (400 ha) land grant in 1785 in what was then Jefferson County, Virginia. William Bard surveyed and platted the town. It was originally chartered as Baird's Town in 1788, and has been known as Beardstown, and Beards Town. The production of bourbon whiskey is a major industry.
Banaba
Banaba (/bəˈnɑːbə/; formerly Ocean Island) is an island of Kiribati in the Pacific Ocean. A solitary raised coral island west of the Gilbert Island Chain, it is the westernmost point of Kiribati, lying 185 miles (298 km) east of Nauru, which is also its nearest neighbour. It has an area of six square kilometres (2.3 sq mi), and the highest point on the island is also the highest point in Kiribati, at 81 metres (266 ft) in height. Along with Nauru and Makatea (French Polynesia), it is one of the important elevated phosphate-rich islands of the Pacific Ocean.

Micronesians
The Micronesians or Micronesian peoples are various closely related ethnic groups native to Micronesia, a region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. They are a part of the Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, which has an Urheimat in Taiwan.

Ethno-linguistic groups classified as Micronesian include the Carolinians (Northern Mariana Islands), Chamorros (Guam & Northern Mariana Islands), Chuukese, Mortlockese, Namonuito, Paafang, Puluwat and Pollapese (Chuuk), I-Kiribati (Kiribati), Kosraeans (Kosrae), Marshallese (Marshall Islands), Nauruans (Nauru), Palauan, Sonsorolese, and Hatohobei (Palau), Pohnpeians, Pingelapese, Ngatikese, Mwokilese (Pohnpei), and Yapese, Ulithian, Woleian, Satawalese (Yap).
Brunner Pouter
The Brunner Pouter is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Brunner Pouters along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).
The breed is one of the most popular blower breeds.

Pouter
The Pouter or Cropper pigeons are domesticated varieties of the rock dove, Columba livia, characterized by a very large, inflatable crop.  They are kept as ornamental or fancy breeds, valued for their unusual appearance. There are many varieties of pouter with little in common except for the nature of the crop.  The origin of the breed group is unknown, but Pouters have been bred in Europe for at least 400 years.
Raymond-Bradford Homestead
The Raymond-Bradford Homestead is a historic house on Raymond Hill Road in Montville, Connecticut, built about 1710. It is notable for its history of alteration, dating into the late 19th century, its construction by a woman named Mercy Sands Raymond in the colonial period, and its continuous ownership by a single family line.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1982.

Montville, Connecticut
Montville is a town in New London County, Connecticut,  United States. The town is part of the Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 18,387 at the 2020 census.

The villages of Chesterfield, Mohegan, Oakdale, and Uncasville are located within the town; the latter two have their own ZIP Codes. Town residents often identify with these villages more than the Town of Montville as a whole. The Mohegan Sun casino resort is located in the village of Uncasville.
Unicon (unicycling)
Unicon, previously known as UNICON, is the World Unicycling Convention and Championships sanctioned by the International Unicycling Federation (IUF).

The IUF sanctions a biennial world unicycling convention and competition, the major event on the international unicycling calendar. Events include artistic (such as group, pairs, individual), track racing (such as 100 metres, 400 metres, 800 metres, 30 metres walk the wheel, 50 metres one-foot), road races (such as 10 kilometres, marathon), stillstand, slalom, muni (cross-country, uphill, downhill), street, trials, flatland, basketball and hockey.

Unicycle
A unicycle, also monocycle is a vehicle that touches the ground with only one wheel. The most common variation has a frame with a saddle, and has a pedal-driven direct-drive. A two speed hub is commercially available for faster unicycling. Unicycling is practiced professionally in circuses, by street performers, in festivals, and as a hobby. Unicycles have also been used to create new sports such as unicycle basketball and unicycle hockey. In recent years, unicycles have also been used in mountain unicycling, an activity similar to mountain biking or trials.
Rumford, Falkirk
Rumford is a small village between Maddiston and Brightons in the Falkirk council area, of Scotland.

The village went through a great deal of expansion in the late 1990s and early 2000s, resulting in the population increasing exponentially since the 1991 census, when it was recorded as around 275 residents. In the 2001 and 2011 censuses, Falkirk Council reported the population as being 421 and 884 respectively.

Maddiston
Maddiston is a village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland. It lies 3.8 miles (6.1 km) west-southwest of Linlithgow, 1.3 miles (2.1 km) south of Polmont and 0.6 miles (1.0 km) south-east of Rumford at the south-east edge of the Falkirk urban area.
Stanley, Tasmania
Stanley is a town on the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia. It is the second-last major township on the north-west coast when one travels west from Devonport, the larger township in the Circular Head municipality being Smithton. According to the 2021 census, Stanley had a population of 595.

John Lee Archer
John Lee Archer  (26 April 1791 near Chatham, Kent, England  – 4 December 1852 in Stanley, Tasmania, Australia) was the Civil Engineer and Colonial Architect in Van Diemen's Land, serving from 1827 to 1838. During his tenure, Archer was responsible for all Tasmanian government buildings including those for penal and military purposes.

His major architectural works include Parliament House, Hobart, the Treasury and the Audit Department buildings in Hobart, the Ordnance Stores in Salamanca Place, several buildings at Anglesea Barracks; St John's Church, New Town; the nave of St George's Church at Battery Point; Old Trinity (the Penitentiary Chapel) in Hobart; St Luke's Presbyterian Church at Bothwell, St Luke's Church of England at Richmond; and parts of the Campbell Street Gaol, Hobart. His major engineering work was the stone bridge which still carries the Midland Highway over the Macquarie River at Ross.
Shiro (kickboxer)
Shiro Matsumoto (松本志朗, Matsumoto Shirō; born June 23, 1993), better known by his ring name Shiro, is a Japanese Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer. He currently competes in the bantamweight division of RISE, where he is the inaugural and current RISE Bantamweight World champion.

Shiro is the 2020 RISE DoA Bantamweight tournament winner, the 2021 RISE DoA Super Flyweight tournament runner-up and the 2019 RISE World Series tournament runner-up. As a muay thai fighter, he held the Rangsit Stadium International Bantamweight championship and the ISKA Muay Thai World Bantamweight championship.

Since August 2023, Shiro has been ranked as the best flyweight (-56.7kg) kickboxer in the world by Combat Press and the best super flyweight (-55kg) kickboxer by Beyond Kick. Combat Press has continually ranked him as a top ten fighter under 58 kg since September 2020.
He’s currently #6 in the pound for pound rankings.

Kazuki Osaki
Kazuki Osaki (大﨑 一貴, Osaki Kazuki; born August 28, 1996) is a Japanese kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter, currently signed with RISE, where he is the current RISE Super Flyweight (-53 kg) World champion and former RISE Super Flyweight (-53 kg) champion.

As of May 2025, he is ranked as the world's best flyweight (-53 kg) and third-best pound-for-pound kickboxer by Beyond Kickboxing and as the second best strawweight (-54 kg) and eighth-best pound-for-pound kickboxer by Combat Press.
1342 Lexington Avenue
1342 Lexington Avenue is a townhouse located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. Best known as the residence of American Pop artist Andy Warhol from 1960 to 1974, the property played a pivotal role in the early development of Warhol's career and the creation of some of his most iconic works in the early 1960s. The townhouse was designated a historical landmark as part of the Hardenbergh/Rhinelander Historic District in 1998.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
Arnau Ramon of Pallars Jussà
Arnau Ramon (died 1112) was the Count of Pallars Jussà from 1098 until his death. He was the second son of Ramon IV and co-ruled with his elder brother Pere Ramon until the latter's death in 1111. After this he was succeeded by his younger brother Bernat Ramon. There is preserved a document recording how Ramon IV exempted Arnau from owing his brother Pere potestas for the castle of Talarn:

The right of potestas ("power") was the right of a superior to assume direct control of a castle upon request.

Raymond IV of Pallars Jussà
Raymond IV (Catalan: Ramon, Latin: Reimundus, Raimundus) was the Count of Pallars Jussà from 1047 until his death in 1098. He was the son and successor of Raymond III and Ermessenda. His reign was characterised by ceaseless wars and litigations with his cousins Artau I and Artau II of Pallars Sobirà, yet it was transformative in the history of Pallars through the new modes of exercising comital power that Raymond introduced. The viscounties of Pallars Jussà during the time of Raymond IV were Vilamur, Bellera, and Orcau.

There is a rather large and well-preserved series of records for the reign of Raymond IV largely because he pioneered the use of written conventions for the making of agreements in Pallars. In this he was helped along by the same scribe who had at times served his father since 1040 and who had worked at the court of his father-in-law Arnau Mir de Tost for some time, Vidal.
Konawaruk River
The Konawaruk River is a river in Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana. About 60 miles (97 km) long, it is a tributary of the Essequibo River, joining it just south of the Potaro River mouth at 5°18′N 58°55′W﻿ / ﻿5.300°N 58.917°W﻿ / 5.300; -58.917.

About 2 miles (3.2 km) from the confluence at the Essequibo, is Temple Bar falls.

Mining, especially for gold, was the primary industry along the river as early as 1900, and being mined by British Guiana Consolidated Enterprise Limited in the 1950s. In 2003, an assessment by United Development International "verified reserves of over 400,000 ounces of gold" in the claim encompassing the Konawaruk. Extracting the gold polluted the river and as a result environmentalists have considered it "dead" for its inability to support wildlife. Illegal dredging operations are a constant threat.

Essequibo River
The Essequibo River (Spanish: Río Esequibo; originally called by Alonso de Ojeda; Río Dulce) is the largest river in Guyana, and the largest river between the Orinoco and Amazon. Rising in the Acarai Mountains near the Brazil–Guyana border, the Essequibo flows to the north for 1,014 km (630 mi) through forest and savanna into the Atlantic Ocean. It has a total drainage basin of 156,828 km2 (60,552 mi2) and an average discharge of 154 to 178 km³/year.

Territory near the river is argued over by Venezuela and Guyana. The river is administered by Guyana after being previously colonized by the British. Historically, Venezuela has claimed the Essequibo River as their most eastern border, though in practice it was under Dutch control.
Maningrida languages
Maningrida, also known as Burarran, is a small family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia. It includes four languages, none closely related:

Burarra

Gurr-goni

Ndjébbana

Na'kara

Green established the family by reconstructing the tense–aspect–mood inflections of Proto-Maningrida, and demonstrated common developments that set them apart from other Arnhem languages.

Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia.  Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology in their verbal inflections.

Many of the languages have a fortis–lenis contrast in plosive consonants. Lenis/short plosives have weak contact and intermittent voicing, while fortis/long plosives have full closure, a more powerful release burst, and no voicing.
Culture of life
A culture of life describes a way of life based on the belief that human life begins at conception, and is sacred at all stages from conception through natural death. It opposes abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment (death penalty), studies and medicines involving embryonic stem cells, and contraception, because they are seen as destroying life. It also promotes policies that "lift up the human spirit with compassion and love." The term originated in moral theology, especially that of the Catholic Church, and was popularly championed by Pope John Paul II; it has been widely used by religious leaders in evangelical Christianity as well. The philosophy of such a culture is a consistent life ethic.

In the United States, secular politicians such as George W. Bush have also used the phrase. In 2004, the Republican Party included a plank in their platform for "Promoting a Culture of Life".

Evangelium vitae
Evangelium vitae (Ecclesiastical Latin: [ɛ.vanˈd͡ʒɛː.li.um ˈvi.tɛ]) translated in English as 'The Gospel of Life', is a papal encyclical published on 25 March 1995 (on that year's Feast of the Annunciation) by Pope John Paul II.  It is a comprehensive document setting out the teaching of the Catholic Church on the sanctity of human life and related issues including murder, abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment, reaffirming the Church's stances on these issues in a way generally considered consistent with previous church teachings.
Forest Gate Community School
Forest Gate Community School is a coeducational secondary school in Forest Gate, located in the London Borough of Newham, rated Outstanding by Ofsted in February 2020 for the second time. It was first rated Outstanding in 2016. The school was extended from eight forms of entry to ten – rising to a total of 1,350 pupils – starting with the Year 7 admission in September 2019 to meet demand.

The school was ranked in the top 50 in the country for progress in GCSE results in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The school was ranked 33rd in the country for progress scores for disadvantaged students in 2019. The school has the best progress 8 for Newham for secondary students for 2018 and 2019. In 2020, the school was named School of the Year by World Class Schools.

Forest Gate
Forest Gate is a sub-district of West Ham in the London Borough of Newham, East London, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Charing Cross.

The area's name relates to its position adjacent to Wanstead Flats, the southernmost part of Epping Forest. The town was historically part of the parish (and later borough) of West Ham in the hundred of Becontree in Essex. Since 1965, Forest Gate has been part of the London Borough of Newham, a local government district of Greater London. The town forms the majority of the London E7 postcode district.

Neighbouring areas include Leytonstone to the north, East Ham to the east, Plaistow to the south and Stratford to the west.
Antarctic Snow Cruiser
The Antarctic Snow Cruiser was a vehicle designed under the direction of Thomas Poulter, intended to facilitate transport in Antarctica during the United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–41). The Snow Cruiser was also known as "The Penguin," "Penguin 1" or "Turtle" in some published material.

Poulter had been second in command of Byrd's Second Antarctic Expedition, launched in 1934. From his time in the Antarctic, Poulter had devised several innovative features. The massive Snow Cruiser generally failed to operate as hoped under the difficult conditions (the tires, notably smooth to avoid becoming snow encrusted, did not grip the ice) and was eventually abandoned in Antarctica. Rediscovered under a deep layer of snow in 1958, it later disappeared again due to shifting ice conditions. Its whereabouts have been unknown since then.

Little America (exploration base)
Little America was a series of Antarctic exploration bases from 1929 to 1958, located on the Ross Ice Shelf, south of the Bay of Whales. They were built on ice that moves very slowly; the relative location on the ice sheet has moved and eventually breaks off into an iceberg. The geographic location has new ice that has shifted to this location and is technically over the open water.

The coordinates are approximate.
Botsvatn
Botsvatn or Bossvatn is a lake in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway.  The 14.6-kilometre (9.1 mi) long, narrow reservoir is located just to the southeast of the large lake Blåsjø and northeast of the lake Ytre Storevatnet.  The lake holds water for the Brokke Hydroelectric Power Station, located in nearby Valle municipality.  The water from the lake can flow out into the nearby river Otra, but only when water is released from the dam.

The village of Nordbygdi is located on the north shore of the lake, and the village of Bykle is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the east of the lake along the Norwegian National Road 9.  The mountain Steinheii lies on the south shore of the lake and the mountain Strondefjell lies on the north side of the lake.

Strondefjell
Strondefjell is a mountain in the municipality of Bykle in Agder county, Norway. The 1,394-metre (4,573 ft) tall mountain has a topographic prominence of 70 metres (230 ft). The mountain is the 23rd highest in the whole county. The mountain sits in the Setesdalsheiene mountains on the northern shore of the lake Botsvatn, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) straight west of the village of Bykle.
Craugastor
Craugastor is a large genus of frogs in the family Craugastoridae with 126 species.
Its scientific names means brittle-belly, from the Ancient Greek krauros (κραῦρος, brittle, dry) and gastēr (γαστήρ, belly, stomach).

Craugastoridae
Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States southwards to Central and South America.
Sancaka (train)
Sancaka is a mixed class passenger train with executive and premium economy class operated by Kereta Api Indonesia which run between Yogyakarta and Surabaya Gubeng via Solo Balapan. This train offer 4x travel around 309 km (192 mil) in 4 hours.

Unlike with the Taksaka train which between Jakarta Gambir & Yogyakarta that origin from the Taksaka (dragon), the Sancaka is origin from the Queen of Sanca snake because she was very brave and protection everything. Sancaka it self was start operation on 20 May 1997.

Klaten railway station
Klaten Station (KT) is a class I railway station located in Tonggalan, Central Klaten, Klaten Regency at an altitude of +151 meters, including in the Operation Area VI Yogyakarta. This station is close to the outer ring road of Klaten.

Most passenger trains passing the Solo–Yogyakarta route stop at this station. As of September 2020, passenger trains that pass directly or do not stop at this station are Argo Wilis, Gajayana, Bima, Turangga, Malabar, Mutiara Selatan and Sancaka (morning schedule for Yogyakarta and night schedule for Surabaya Gubeng).

To the east of this station, before the Ceper Station, there is a Ketandan Station which has been inactive since the Kutoarjo–Solo double tracks was operated.
Woob
Woob is the stage name of Paul Frankland, an English composer, musician and filmmaker who started recording in the early 1990s. Woob's albums combine elements of ambient, downtempo and space music, with samples from field recordings.  Frankland has also recorded under the names of Journeyman and Max & Harvey.  After a period working as a composer and sound designer predominately for Ridley Scott Associates, he started releasing new material as 'woob' in 2010. After that time, Woob's works have gradually shifted towards a more synthwave-oriented sound and adopted a cyberpunk/futuristic imagery.

Em:t Records
Em:t Records (pronounced as "Emit Records") was a British record label, based in Nottingham, which specialized in ambient music. They were active from 1994 to 1998, and after a period of bankruptcy, re-established themselves in 2003 under new ownership and management. In the year 2006, the label officially went defunct.
Cranwell
Cranwell is a village in the civil parish of Cranwell, Brauncewell and Byard's Leap, in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-west from Sleaford and 14 miles (23 km) south-east from Lincoln. The principal through road, the B1429 between the A15 to the east and the A17 to the west, joins the village to RAF Cranwell. The appropriate civil parish is called Cranwell, Brauncewell and Byard's Leap with a population of 2,827 at the 2011 census.

A17 road (England)
The A17 road is a mostly single carriageway road linking Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire, England, to King's Lynn in Norfolk. It stretches for a distance of 62 miles travelling across the flat fen landscapes of southern Lincolnshire and western Norfolk and links the East Midlands with East Anglia. The road is notable for its numerous roundabouts and notoriously dangerous staggered junctions and also for its most famous landmark, the Cross Keys Bridge at Sutton Bridge close to the Lincolnshire/Cambridgeshire/Norfolk borders which carries the road over the River Nene.