hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Azmat-class fast attack craft
The Azmat-class stealth fast attack craft (military designation: Azmat FAC(M)) is a class of missile-bearing fast attack craft, currently in service with the Pakistan Navy. The Azmat-class is based on the Chinese design, Houjian class. The Pakistani Azmat-class is the modernized version according to the requirements of Pakistan Navy.

The project was jointly designed and constructed in Pakistan and China after a partnership agreement was signed between two Chinese contractors, China State Shipbuilding Corporation and the Xingang Shipyard and the Pakistan-based KSEW Ltd. The Azmat-class ships are intended for deployment in maritime patrol, anti-surface warfare, anti-air warfare, search-and-rescue (SAR) and anti-piracy missions.

Type 037 corvette
The Type 037 corvette is a series 400–500 ton corvette type classes in service with the People's Liberation Army Navy. Unlike western navies, the People's Liberation Army Navy does not have dedicated patrol boats in its inventory. Instead, a large variety of corvette type classes, in the form of missile boats and submarine chasers fulfill the tasks of patrolling China's territorial waters. The Egyptian Navy operates eight vessels.
Curule seat
A curule seat (Sella curulis) is a design of a (usually) foldable and transportable chair noted for its uses in Ancient Rome and Europe through to the 20th century. Its status in early Rome as a symbol of political or military power carried over to other civilizations, as it was also used in this capacity by kings in Europe, Napoleon, and others.

Throne of Dagobert
The Throne of Dagobert or Chair of Dagobert is a bronze chair made in the early Middle Ages and long associated with the Frankish and later French monarchy. After having been kept for centuries at the Abbey of Saint-Denis, it is now at the Cabinet des médailles of the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris.
Dené–Caucasian languages
Dené–Caucasian is a discredited language family proposal that includes widely-separated language groups spoken in the Northern Hemisphere: Sino-Tibetan languages, Yeniseian languages and Burushaski in Asia; Na-Dené languages in North America; as well as Vasconic languages (including Basque) and North Caucasian languages from Europe.

A narrower connection specifically between North American Na-Dené and Siberian Yeniseian (the Dené–Yeniseian languages hypothesis) was proposed by Edward Vajda in 2008, and was met with some acceptance within the community of professional linguists. The validity of the rest of the family, however, is viewed as doubtful or rejected by nearly all historical linguists.

John Bengtson
John D. Bengtson (1948–2024) was an American historical and anthropological linguist. He had been president and vice-president of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory, and had served as editor (or co-editor) of the journal Mother Tongue (1996–2003, 2007–2024). Since 2001 he had been a member/researcher of Evolution of Human Languages, an international project on the linguistic prehistory of humanity coordinated by the Santa Fe Institute. His areas of work included Scandinavian languages and linguistics, Indo-European linguistics, the proposed Dené–Caucasian language family and paleolinguistics.
The Raveleys
Great Raveley and Little Raveley are villages near Upwood south of Ramsey. They are located in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire), England, 3½ miles south-west of Ramsey. The population is shown in the civil parish of Upwood and the Raveleys.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Thomas Hood (Leominster MP)
Thomas Hood (fl. 1419–1423) of Leominster, Herefordshire, was an English politician.

His sons were also MPs: William and Walter Hood. His father was John Hood, also an MP for Leominster.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leominster in 1419, 1420, December 1421 and 1423.

John Hood (14th-century MP)
John Hood (fl. 1393–1399), of Leominster, Herefordshire, was an English politician.

His sons were also MPs: John and Thomas Hood.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leominster in 1393 and 1399.
Jolimont Yard
Jolimont Yard was an array of railway lines and carriage sidings on the edge of the central business district of Melbourne, Australia. Located between Flinders Street station, Richmond Junction, the Yarra River and Flinders Street they were often criticised for cutting off the city from the river, being the site of many redevelopment proposals. The Princes Gate Towers (Gas and Fuel Buildings) were built over part of the yard in the 1960s, which themselves were replaced by Federation Square in the 2000s. The rail sidings themselves were progressively removed from the 1980s to the 1990s with only running lines today, but the area continues to be referred to as the 'Jolimont railyards' by Melburnians.

Exhibition Street
Exhibition Street is a major street in the Melbourne central business district, Australia. The street is named after the International Exhibition held at the Royal Exhibition Building in 1880, and was previously known as Stephen Street from 1837. The street runs roughly north–south and was laid out as part of the original Hoddle Grid.
Georgia's 50th Senate district
District 50 of the Georgia Senate elects one member of the Georgia State Senate. It contains Banks, Franklin, Habersham, Rabun, Stephens and Towns counties, as well as parts of Hall, Jackson, and White counties.

Towns County, Georgia
Towns County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,493. Its county seat is Hiawassee. The county was created on March 6, 1856, and named for lawyer, legislator, and politician George W. Towns.
Triple crime
The Triple crime (Spanish: Triple crimen) took place in General Rodríguez, Argentina, on August 13, 2008. It involves the torture and deaths of three pharmaceutical businessmen, Sebastián Forza, Damián Ferrón, and Leopoldo Bina, who had been reported missing on August 7, 2008, and were found dead the following August 13.

Ibar Pérez Corradi
Ibar Esteban Pérez Corradi (born July 16, 1977) is an Argentine criminal who has been imprisoned for narcotics trafficking and money laundering and suspected of connections with a triple crime that took place in Argentina in 2008. At the time of his capture, on June 19, 2016 in Paraguay, he had been at large since March 20, 2012
CSA 4-Day Domestic Series
The CSA 4-Day Domestic Series is the domestic first class cricket competition of South Africa. The tournament is contested by teams from all nine provinces of South Africa.

First contested as the Currie Cup from 1889–90, the tournament has undergone many changes and modifications in its history. In 2004, the traditional province-based format was replaced, with many teams amalgamating. In its place, six entirely professional franchises were created that represented much larger population areas.

The competition underwent significant restructuring once again before the start of the 2021–22 season. The six-team franchise system was disbanded, and the tournament returned to its more traditional format. Fifteen province-based teams now compete across two divisions, determined by promotion and relegation.

Border cricket team
Border is the team representing the Border region in domestic first-class cricket in South Africa.  The team began playing in March 1898. When Cricket South Africa introduced the franchise system in 2004, Border merged with Eastern Province to form the Warriors.
St Thomas More Catholic School, Nuneaton
St Thomas More Catholic School and Sixth Form College (formerly St Thomas More Catholic School and Technology College) is a mixed Roman Catholic secondary school located on Greenmoor Road, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. It is listed as a specialist Technology school by Ofsted, which requires the school to offer GCSEs in Technology to all students. The principal is Mrs Leearna Thomas who has been in the position since the beginning of 2018 after taking over from Mr Francis Hickey. As of September 2012, the educational establishment has been rated as 'good'
' by Ofsted, who previously gave it an 'outstanding'.

Nuneaton
Nuneaton (/nəˈniːtən/ nə-NEE-tən) is a market town in the Nuneaton and Bedworth district, in northern Warwickshire, England, close to the county border with Leicestershire to the north-east.  Nuneaton's population at the 2021 census was 88,813, making it the largest town in Warwickshire. Nuneaton's urban area, which also includes the large villages of Bulkington and Hartshill, had a population of 99,372 at the 2021 census.

Nuneaton gained its name from a medieval nunnery which was established in the 12th century, when it became a small market town. It later developed into an important industrial town due to ribbon weaving and coal mining.

The author George Eliot was born on a farm on the Arbury Estate just outside Nuneaton in 1819 and lived in the town for much of her early life. Her novel Scenes of Clerical Life (1858) depicts Nuneaton. The George Eliot Hospital is named after her, and there is also a statue of her in the town centre.
Columbia—Kootenay—Southern Rockies
Columbia—Kootenay—Southern Rockies is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. Until 2025, the riding was known as Kootenay-Columbia.

North Okanagan—Shuswap
North Okanagan—Shuswap was a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2025. The district was sporadically known as Okanagan—Shuswap. In the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, it was split into Kamloops—Shuswap—Central Rockies, Kamloops—Thompson—Nicola, and Vernon—Lake Country—Monashee. It was dissolved upon the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election in March 2025.
Tsankawi
Tsankawi is a detached portion of Bandelier National Monument near White Rock, New Mexico. It is accessible from a roadside parking area, just north of the intersection of East Jemez Road and State Road 4. A self-guided 1.5-mile loop trail provides access to numerous unexcavated ruins, caves carved into soft tuff, and petroglyphs.

San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico
San Ildefonso Pueblo (Tewa: 	Pʼohwhogeh Ówîngeh [p’òhxʷógè ʔówîŋgè] "where the water cuts through"), also known as the Turquoise Clan, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States, and a federally recognized tribe, established c. 1300 AD.  The Pueblo is self-governing and is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 524 as of the 2010 census, reported by the State of New Mexico as 1,524 in 2012, and there were 628 enrolled tribal members reported as of 2012 according to the Department of the Interior.  San Ildefonso Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos, and the pueblo people are from the Tewa ethnic group of Native Americans, who speak the Tewa language.
Volta Laboratory and Bureau
The Volta Laboratory (also known as the Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, the Bell Carriage House and the Bell Laboratory) and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., by Alexander Graham Bell.

The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880–1881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies.

Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999.

Alexander Melville Bell
Alexander Melville Bell (1 March 1819 – 7 August 1905) was a teacher and researcher of physiological phonetics and was the author of numerous works on orthoepy and elocution.

Additionally he was also the creator of Visible Speech which was used to help the deaf learn to talk, and was the father of Alexander Graham Bell.
Manfred Kirchgeorg
Manfred Kirchgeorg (born 1958) is a German economist, specialized in the field of marketing management, who holds the SVI-Endowed Chair of Marketing, especially E-Commerce and Cross-Media Management at HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management.

Timo Meynhardt
Timo Meynhardt (born 14 July 1972 in Rudolstadt) is a German psychologist and business economist. Since October 2015, he has been holding the Dr. Arend Oetker Chair of Business Psychology and Leadership at HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management. Furthermore, he is the managing director of the Center for Leadership and Values in Society at the University of St. Gallen. From 2013 to 2015, he held the Chair of Management at the Leuphana University in Lüneburg.
Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway
Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway, also known as the Zhuji intercity railway, is a regional railway in Zhuhai. The Phase 1 runs from Zhuhai railway station to Zhuhai Changlong railway station, while Phase 2 terminates at Zhuhai Jinwan Airport. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group. The railway is an extension of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway.

The construction of the railway will be split into two stages: Phase 1 from Zhuhai to Zhuhai Changlong. Phase 1 started operation on 18 August 2020 (except Wanzai). Phase 2 from Zhuhai Changlong to Zhuhai Airport started operation on 3 February 2024 (except Hezhou South).

Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway
Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway or Guangzhu intercity railway (simplified Chinese: 广珠城际铁路; traditional Chinese: 廣珠城際鐵路; pinyin: guǎngzhū chéngjì tiělù) is a dedicated, grade-separated regional railway linking Guangzhou South railway station in Panyu, Guangzhou, Jiangmen railway station in Xinhui, Jiangmen, and Zhuhai Jinwan Airport in Zhuhai, via Shunde, Zhongshan and Jiangmen, in Guangdong province. It is the first line completed in the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway network. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group.
Alain Johannes
Alain Johannes Mociulski (born May 2, 1962) is a Chilean-American multi-instrumentalist and vocalist, whose primary instruments are guitar and bass. He is a founding member of several bands, including the alternative rock group Eleven, and has been involved with acts such as hard rock band Queens of the Stone Age, Them Crooked Vultures, PJ Harvey, Chris Cornell, Arctic Monkeys, Mark Lanegan and The Desert Sessions, both as a musician and as a producer.

Alain Johannes is a nephew of Chilean nueva ola musician Peter Rock.  He was born in Santiago. He was married to Natasha Shneider from 1987 until her death in 2008.

Chilean Americans
Chilean Americans (Spanish: chileno-americanos, chileno-estadounidenses, norteamericanos de origen chileno or estadounidenses de origen chileno) are Americans who have full or partial origin from Chile.

According to the 2010 U.S. census, the population of Chilean ancestry was 126,810. Chilean Americans are the fourth smallest Hispanic group from South America, and the fifth smallest overall. Most Chileans migrating to the United States settle in metropolitan areas. Chilean Americans live mainly in the New York, Miami, Los Angeles, San Francisco and the Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas. There are significant communities found in Queens in New York City; Northern New Jersey; Miami, Florida; and Nassau County, New York. After the 1960s, Chileans began to immigrate more for economic or academic rather than political reasons, and that continues into the modern day.
Hamilton High School West
Hamilton High School West is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grade located in Hamilton Township, in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as one of the three secondary schools of the Hamilton Township School District; the other high schools in the district are Hamilton High School North-Nottingham High School and Hamilton High School East- Steinert High School.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,408 students and 100.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1. There were 712 students (50.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 128 (9.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Hamilton Township School District
The Hamilton Township School District is a comprehensive community public school district, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Hamilton Township, in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The district is one of the state's ten largest and  consists of 17 elementary schools, three middle schools and three high schools along with an alternative program.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprising 23 schools, had an enrollment of 11,816 students and 969.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.2:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "FG", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Dominika Ostałowska
Dominika Ostałowska (born 18 February 1971, Warsaw) is a Polish film, television and theatre actress. She is a two-time winner of Polish Film Awards for Best Actress for her performance in a 2000 film Keep Away from the Window and for Best Supporting Actress for her role in a 2003 film Warsaw.

Love Stories
Love Stories (Polish: Historie miłosne) is a 1997 Polish film about four men with unresolved romances. Jerzy Stuhr plays all four characters and wrote and directed the film. The film is dedicated to Krzysztof Kieślowski, who gave Stuhr important roles in his films. The film was selected as the Polish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Law of excluded middle
In logic, the law of excluded middle or the principle of excluded middle states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is true. Symbolically expressed, the law is (p ∨ ~p).

The law  of the excluded middle is also known as the law/principle of the excluded third, in Latin principium tertii exclusi. Another Latin designation for the law is tertium non datur or "no third [possibility] is given".

In classical logic, the law of the excluded middle is taken as a tautology. Intuitionistic logic, by contrast, does not affirm the law.

Three-valued logic
A three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false, and some third value. This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics (such as classical sentential or Boolean logic) which provide only for true and false.

Emil Leon Post is credited with first introducing additional logical truth degrees in his 1921 theory of elementary propositions. The conceptual form and basic ideas of three-valued logic were initially published by Jan Łukasiewicz and Clarence Irving Lewis. These were then re-formulated by Grigore Constantin Moisil in an axiomatic algebraic form, and also extended to n-valued logics in 1945.
Australian Christian College
The Australian Christian College system is a group of twelve non-denominational Christian schools in Australia. The ACC schools are located in:

Moreton, Queensland

Singleton, New South Wales

Medowie, NSW

Brightwaters, NSW

Marsden Park, New South Wales

Hume, Victoria

Casey, Victoria

Darling Downs, Western Australia

Southlands, Western Australia

Burnie, Tasmania

Hobart, Tasmania

Launceston, Tasmania

The Australian Christian Colleges are operated by Christian Education Ministries.

Australian Christian College – Darling Downs
Australian Christian College – Darling Downs is a Christian co-educational school, located in Brookdale, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The school has grades ranging from Kindergarten to Year 10.

The school is owned and operated by Christian Education Ministries Ltd and is a member of the Association of Independent Schools of Western Australia.

The former principal, Jacqui Burrage, previously worked in leadership positions at a number of Christian schools in Western Australia. Most students who attend the school reside in the southeast corridor of Perth, with a school bus service available.
Sahrawis
The Sahrawis, or Sahrawi people (Arabic: صحراويون, romanized: Ṣaḥrāwīyūn; Spanish: saharauis), are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Sahara desert, which includes the Western Sahara, southern Morocco, much of Mauritania, and along the southwestern border of Algeria. They are of mixed Hassani Arab and Sanhaji Berber descent, as well as West African and other indigenous populations.

As with most peoples living in the Sahara, the Sahrawi culture is a mix of Arab colonial and indigenous African elements. Sahrawis are composed of many tribes and are largely speakers of the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic.

Tindouf Province
Tindouf Province, also written Tinduf Province (Arabic: ولاية تندوف), is the westernmost province of Algeria, having a population of 58,193 as of the 2008 census (not including the Sahrawi refugees at the Sahrawi refugee camps). Its population in reality could be as high as 160,000 because of the Sahrawi refugee camps.  Despite the barren landscape, Tindouf is a resource-rich province, with important quantities of iron ore located in the Gara Djebilet area close to the border with Mauritania. Prior to Algerian independence, the area served as a strongpoint of several tribes of the nomadic Reguibat confederation.
Ayana Holloway Arce
Ayana Tamu Arce (née Holloway) is an American physicist and professor of physics at Duke University. She works on particle physics, using data from the Large Hadron Collider to understand phenomena beyond the Standard Model.

Karla F.C. Holloway
Karla Francesca Holloway (née Clapp; September 29, 1949) is an American academic. She is James B. Duke Professor of English & Professor of Law at Duke University, and holds appointments in the Duke University School of Law as well as the university's Department of English, Department of African & African American Studies, and Program in Women's Studies. Holloway is a member of The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective
Suna Kan
Suna Kan (21 October 1936 – 11 June 2023) was a Turkish violinist who studied in France and appeared internationally. She was a soloist and concert master of the Presidential Symphony Orchestra for 44 years. She was professor of violin at the Music and Performing Arts Department of Bilkent University in Ankara.

Gürer Aykal
Gürer Aykal (born May 22, 1942) is a Turkish conductor and adjunct professor at Bilkent University. He has been the musical director and principal conductor of the Borusan Istanbul Philharmonic Orchestra since 1999.