hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Cynoscephalae
The Battle of Cynoscephalae (Greek: Μάχη τῶν Κυνὸς Κεφαλῶν) was an encounter battle fought in Thessaly in 197 BC between the Roman-Aetolian army, led by Titus Quinctius Flamininus, and Antigonid Macedon, led by Philip V, during the Second Macedonian War. It was a decisive Roman victory and marked the end of the conflict.

Philip V of Macedon
Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος, romanized: Philippos; 238 BC – 179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. Philip's reign was principally marked by the Social War in Greece (220-217 BC) and a struggle with the emerging power of the Roman Republic. He would lead Macedon against Rome in the First (212-205 BC) and Second (200-196 BC) Macedonian Wars. While he lost the latter, Philip later allied with Rome against Antiochus III in the Roman-Seleucid War. He died in 179 BC from illness after efforts to recover the military and economic condition of Macedonia and passed the throne onto his elder son, Perseus of Macedon.
Nicolaas Geelvinck
Nicolaas Geelvinck (3 June 1732, Amsterdam – 7 December 1787, The Hague), son of Nicolaes Geelvinck, Lord of Stabroek, was President of the Dutch West India Company from 1764 until 1787.

In 1764, Nicolaas Geelvinck became schepen (alderman) of Amsterdam as well the President of the Dutch West India Company. In 1771, he became President of the Society of Suriname. The city of Stabroek, Guyana was named after Geelvinck in 1784. In 1812, the city was renamed Georgetown after King George III.

Nicolaes Geelvinck
Nicolaes Geelvinck (11 October 1706, in Amsterdam – 15 June 1764, in Amsterdam) was lord of Castricum,  Bakkum, Santpoort, Velsen, Stabroek, schepen, and owner of the country estate Akerendam-by-Beverwijk.  He was appointed as mayor of Amsterdam in 1747, but in 1748 lost his seat in the vroedschap and as a counsellor to the Admiralty of Amsterdam, thanks to Mattheus Lestevenon.
Grant Township, Grand Traverse County, Michigan
Grant Township is a civil township of Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 1,212, a slight increase from 1,066 at the 2010 census. Grant Township is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area.

Traverse City metropolitan area
The Traverse City Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan area in the northwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, encompassing the counties of Benzie, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska, and Leelanau, and anchored by the city of Traverse City. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the MSA had a population of 153,448, making it Michigan's tenth-largest metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2020, the metropolitan area was also the fastest growing in Michigan. The region is colloquially referred to as "Northwestern Michigan", the "Grand Traverse Area", and less commonly, the "Traverse Bay Area".
Abangan
The Abangan are Javanese people who are Muslims and practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri. The term, apparently derived from the Javanese language word for red, abang, was first developed by Clifford Geertz, but the meaning has since shifted. Abangan are more inclined to follow a local system of beliefs called adat and Kebatinan than pure Sharia (Islamic law). Their belief system integrates Hinduism, Buddhism and animism. However, some scholars hold that what has classically been viewed as Indonesian variance from Islam is often a part of that faith in other countries. For example, Martin van Bruinessen notes similarity between adat and historical practice among Muslims in Egypt as described by Edward Lane.

Santri
In Indonesia, santri is a term for someone who follows Islamic religious education in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). Santri usually stay in the place until their education is complete. After completing their study period, some of them will serve the pesantren by becoming administrators. According to C.C. Berg, the term "santri" comes from Sanskrit shastri which means "one who learns Hindu scriptures"; it has the same root as the word shastra (literature).

Starting in 2015, October 22 has been designated as the National Santri Day (Hari Santri Nasional) in Indonesia. The date refers to "jihad resolution" issued by Hasyim Asy'ari of Nahdlatul Ulama to ulama and santri prior to the national revolution.
Interleukin 9
Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins. IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. Among them, Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9.

Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related proteins.

The function of the immune system primarily depends on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and hematopoietic cells.

Interleukin receptors on astrocytes in the hippocampus are also known to be involved in the development of spatial memories in mice.
25-NB
The 25-NB (25x-NBx) series, or NBOMe series, also known as the N-benzylphenethylamines, is a family of serotonergic psychedelics. They are substituted phenethylamines and were derived from the 2C family. The most commonly encountered NBOMe drugs are 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, and 25C-NBOMe.

The NBOMe drugs act as selective agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The 25-NB family is unique relative to other classes of psychedelics in that they are, generally speaking, extremely potent and quite selective for the 5-HT2 receptors.

Use of NBOMe series drugs has caused many deaths and hospitalisations since the drugs popularisation in the 2010s. This is primarily due to their high potency, unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and sellers passing off the compounds in the series as LSD.

Substituted phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens.
Ceylonese Mudaliyars
Mudaliyar (or Mudali) was a Ceylonese colonial title during Portuguese and British rule of the island. Stemming from the native headman system, the title was usually hereditary, made to wealthy influential families loyal to the British Crown.

It was first used by Sinhalese kings and reigning princes from the Polonnaruwa period onwards to ennoble subjects, the Portuguese from the 17th century onwards, followed by the Dutch and British continued use of the Mudaliyar title. The British use differed slightly in that they re-established a Mudaliyar class, at the behest of the Governor of Ceylon, with appointments that had the title of Mudali. This process was stopped in the 1930s when the Native Department of the British government of Ceylon was closed down.

The members of this group formed a unique social group called the Sri Lankan Mudaliyars and associated with older Radala caste. At present, the post of Court Mudliar remains in function in Sri Lankan courts.

Sri Lankan Vellalar
Sri Lankan Vellalar (Tamil: இலங்கை வெள்ளாளர், lit. 'Ilaṅkai veḷḷāḷar') is a caste in Sri Lanka, predominantly found in the Jaffna peninsula and adjacent Vanni region, who comprise about half of the Sri Lankan Tamil population. They were traditionally involved in agriculture, but also included merchants, landowners and temple patrons. They also form part of the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora.

They are reputed as a ritually and numerically dominant caste in the Northern Sri Lankan society, who have contributed among the political elites of the Sri Lankan Tamils. Many of the Tamil Mudaliyars, a high colonial rank, were drawn from the Vellalar caste. In Eastern Sri Lanka, the Vellalars as other prominent castes there, are further divided into kudis or matrilineal clans.
St. George's Cathedral, Chennai
St. George's Cathedral is a Church of South India (previously Church of England and Anglican) cathedral in Chennai, India. The cathedral was built in 1815. St. George's occupies an important place in the history of Christianity in India, as the Church of South India was inaugurated here on 27 September 1947. It marked the breaking down of ecclesiastical barriers between Protestants of various traditions.

The architecture of St. George's Cathedral is remarkable for its tall spire, pillars, marble statues, mural tablets and memorials inside. The cathedral is a piece of architectural grandeur resting on a tier of steps. The governors of Fort St. George and their families worshipped here as also the viceroys when they visited Madras.

Thomas Moore-Lane
Thomas Moore-Lane (22 January 1797 – 26 September 1844) was born in County Wexford, Ireland and was son of Robert Moore-Lane of Lansboro, and Emily Gordon. His surname has also been recorded as Moore Lane.
1913 Paterson silk strike
The 1913 Paterson silk strike was a work stoppage involving silk mill workers in Paterson, New Jersey. The strike involved demands for establishment of an eight-hour day and improved working conditions. The strike began on February 1, 1913 but didn't generalize until February 25, 1913. The strike ended five months later, on July 28. During the course of the strike, approximately 1,850 strikers were arrested, including Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) leaders Bill Haywood and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

Eight-Hour Leagues
Eight Hour Leagues were local, city, and state labor-reform organizations in the United States that campaigned for the eight-hour workday. They emerged during and immediately after the American Civil War and spread rapidly in the late 1860s and early 1870s. The best-documented leagues include the Grand Eight-Hour League of Massachusetts associated with Ira Steward; Chicago's Grand Eight Hour League; the Boston Eight-Hour League; and a large Eight Hour League in New York City during the 1872 strike.

The leagues popularized the eight-hour demand as a national labor reform objective by coordinating local agitation, legislative petitions, and strike support. Their organizational model influenced later campaigns even after many leagues collapsed in the 1870s, and the eight-hour cause revived in new forms in the 1880s.
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County
Yangbi Yi Autonomous County (Chinese: 漾濞彝族自治县; pinyin: Yàngbì Yízú Zìzhìxiàn; Bai: Jiod•vut or Qiot•binp or Yanb•bif or Yond•vut) is a county of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in the west of Yunnan Province, China. It borders Dali City and Weishan to the east, Changning County to the south, Yongping County and Yunlong County to the west, and Eryuan County to the north.

Eryuan County
Eryuan (Chinese: 洱源; pinyin: Ěryuán; Bai: Lod•hol•xi) is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. It borders Heqing County to the east, Dali City and Yangbi County to the south, Yunlong County to the west and Jianchuan County to the north.
Battle of Guam (1941)
The Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II that took place from 8 to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December, which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944.

USS Penguin (AM-33)
USS Penguin (AM-33) was a Lapwing-class minesweeper acquired by the United States Navy, named after the bird.

Penguin was laid down on 17 November 1917 at the New Jersey Dry Dock and Transportation Co., Elizabethport, New Jersey; launched on 12 June 1918; and commissioned on 21 November 1918.
Motherwell railway station
Motherwell railway station serves the town of Motherwell, in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on the West Coast Main Line (WCML) and is served also by Argyle Line trains of the Glasgow suburban railway network. It is the penultimate stop on the WCML northbound before Glasgow Central. The station has four through platforms and is adjacent to Motherwell Shopping Centre.

Motherwell Shopping Centre
Motherwell Shopping Centre is an outdoor shopping centre located in the centre of Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is owned jointly by Chester Properties and Columbus Capital, who purchased the site from previous owners CALA Properties  in May 2010. The centre is known locally as Motherwell Town Centre.
Lake Bant tern colony
The Lake Bant tern colony is a breeding colony of common terns (Sterna hirundo) at Lake Bant (Banter See in German) in the port city of Wilhelmshaven, north-western Germany.  It is the subject of a long-term research project carried out by the Institute of Avian Research (Heligoland Bird Observatory).

Lake Bant
Lake Bant, or Banter See in German, is an artificial lake in the North Sea port city of Wilhelmshaven in north-west Germany. It is about 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) long and 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) wide. It was originally part of the harbour complex created by enclosing part of Jade Bight bordering the city's waterfront for military and industrial use. It used to contain naval facilities, including a submarine base. Now separated from the port, it is used mainly for recreation and research. It is surrounded by parkland, recreational facilities, up-market housing, research institutes and company offices.
Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten's wedding cakes
Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten were offered many cakes from well-wishers around the world for their wedding on 20 November 1947. Of these they accepted 12. The principal, ‘official’ cake, served at the wedding breakfast, was baked by the Scottish biscuit maker, McVitie and Price. The other 11 cakes – from prominent confectionary firms and smaller, family-run bakers – were displayed on "specially strengthened tables" in Buckingham Palace's 20-metre long Blue Drawing Room, and distributed to charitable organisations after the wedding. All the cakes were delivered to Buckingham Palace the day before the wedding ceremony, with Princess Elizabeth greeting each arrival personally.

Country Women's Association
The Country Women's Association (CWA) is a women's organisation in Australia, which seeks to advance interests of women, families, and communities in Australia, especially those in rural, regional, and remote areas.

It comprises seven independent State and Territory Associations. Historically there was an national coordinating body, but this was discontinued in 2022 due to the availability of other communication mechanisms.
PowerBook
The PowerBook (known as Macintosh PowerBook before 1997) is a family of Macintosh-type laptop computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from 1991 to 2006. It was targeted at the professional market; in 1999, the line was supplemented by the home and education-focused iBook family.

During its lifetime, the PowerBook went through several major revisions and redesigns, often being the first to incorporate features that would later become standard in competing laptops. The PowerBook was replaced by the MacBook Pro in 2006 as part of the Mac transition to Intel processors.

AirPort
AirPort is a discontinued line of wireless routers and network cards developed by Apple Inc. using Wi-Fi protocols. In Japan, the line of products was marketed under the brand AirMac due to previous registration by I-O Data.

Apple introduced the AirPort line in 1999. Wireless cards were discontinued in 2009 following the Mac transition to Intel processors, after all of Apple's Mac products had adopted built-in Wi-Fi. Apple's line of wireless routers consisted of the AirPort Base Station (later AirPort Extreme); the AirPort Time Capsule, a variant with a built-in hard disk for automated backups; and the AirPort Express, a compact router.

In 2018, Apple discontinued the AirPort line. The remaining inventory was sold off, and Apple later sold routers from Linksys, Netgear, Amplifi and Eero in Apple retail stores.
Dillinger (1945 film)
Dillinger is a 1945 gangster film telling the story of John Dillinger.

The film was directed by Max Nosseck. Dillinger was the first major film to star Lawrence Tierney. The B-movie was shot in black and white and features a smoke-bomb bank robbery edited into the film from the 1937 Fritz Lang film You Only Live Once. The film was released on DVD by Warner Bros. for the Film Noir Classic Collections 2 in 2005, even though the film generally is not regarded as  being film noir. Some sequences were shot at Big Bear Lake, California.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Joseph P. McFadden
Joseph Patrick McFadden (May 22, 1947 – May 2, 2013) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Formerly an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, he was installed as bishop of Harrisburg in Pennsylvania on August 18, 2010. He served in that position until his death in 2013.

Archdiocese of Philadelphia
The Archdiocese of Philadelphia (Latin: Archidiœcesis Philadelphiensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. The seat of the archbishop is the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia. Nelson J. Pérez is the archbishop.
James G. Fair
James Graham Fair (December 3, 1831 – December 28, 1894) was an Irish immigrant to the United States who became a highly successful mining engineer and businessman. His investments in silver mines in Nevada made him a millionaire, and he was one of the famous "silver kings" who became wealthy on the Comstock Lode. Fair later became a real estate investor and railroad builder in California. In 1881, he was elected a United States Senator from Nevada. Nearly all other major so-called robber barons were Protestants (Episcopal or Presbyterian) while Fair himself died a Roman Catholic though born into poverty to Anglican parents.

Theresa Fair Oelrichs
Theresa Alice "Tessie" Fair (June 30, 1871 – November 22, 1926) was an American socialite. She went from being the daughter of a hard-scrabble California miner to become heiress to a fortune in Comstock Lode gold and silver, the wife of steamship magnate Hermann Oelrichs, mistress of the Rosecliff estate in Newport, Rhode Island, and a member of the elite "Triumvirate" of American society."
Mount Manaia
Mount Manaia is a dominant landmark approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Whangārei city on the Whangārei Heads peninsula.

Standing 420 metres, the summit offers outstanding views of the Marsden Point Oil Refinery, Bream Bay and the Hauraki Gulf to the south, Whangārei Harbour to the west and the Poor Knights Islands and Northland coast to the north.

Mt Manaia - along with Mt Lion, Bream Head and the Hen and Chicken Islands, are the scattered remnants of andesite, volcanic intrusions that erupted with force 16 to 22 million years ago during the early Miocene. They are part of a 50 km2 (19 sq mi) stratovolcano that extended to the Hen and Chickens. Its jagged outline is similar to that of its neighbours and other volcanic outcrops in Northland that erupted in a similar period.

Today blanketed by native bush, Manaia's jagged peaks and steep bluffs are protected within a Department of Conservation reserve which features a well-maintained 1½ hour track to the summit.

Whangārei Heads
Whangārei Heads is a locality and volcanic promontory on the northern side of the Whangārei Harbour in Northland, New Zealand. Whangārei is 29 km (18 mi) to the north-west, and Ocean Beach is 8 km (5.0 mi) to the south-east, with Taurikura between the two. Mount Manaia rises to 420 metres (1,380 feet) to the east.

Immediately to the west is McLeod Bay, which is about 2 km (1.2 mi) long. The McDonald sandbank lies a few metres offshore at low tide. The promontory to the south of the settlement consists of a hill, Mount Aubrey, and a small gravel beach about 200 metres wide, Reotahi Bay.
Barkan Industrial Park
The Barkan Industrial Park (Hebrew: איזור התעשיה ברקן, lit. Barkan Industrial Area) is located about 25 kilometres east of Tel Aviv in the West Bank. Its offices are located at the northern entrance. The industrial park is located adjacent to the Israeli settlement Barkan and near the settlement and city of Ariel.

A January 2016 report by Human Rights Watch called for companies to pull out from the West Bank since the study says that these companies, including Barkan Industrial Park, violate international law by harming the rights of the Palestinians. However, some Israelis contend that the industrial zone is a major source of employment for Palestinian workers.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Barkan
Barkan (Hebrew: בַּרְקָן) is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank, about 8 km west of the Palestinian city of Salfit, under the administrative local government of the Shomron Regional Council. In 2023 its population was 2,169.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Roy Sabine
Roy Sabine (birth unknown) is an English former rugby union and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s, and coached rugby league in the 1970s. He played rugby union (RU) for Duke of Wellington's Regiment ("The Dukes"), as a centre, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Yorkshire, and at club level for Keighley, as a stand-off, and coached at club level for Keighley. Roy Sabine served as a Private with the Duke of Wellington's Regiment.

Keighley Cougars
The Keighley Cougars are a professional rugby league club from Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The club play home games at Cougar Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Keighley have never won a major honour. Their main rivals are Bradford Bulls.
Zhou Yafu
Zhou Yafu (simplified Chinese: 周亚夫; traditional Chinese: 周亞夫; pinyin: Zhōu Yàfū) (died c.143 BC) was a Chinese military general and politician of the Western Han dynasty. He is known for putting down the Rebellion of the Seven States, but was later arrested and imprisoned by Emperor Jing for treason. Zhou Yafu committed suicide by starving himself in prison.

Liu Wu, Prince of Liang
Liu Wu (c. 184 - c.May 144 BC), posthumous name Prince Xiao of Liang, was an imperial prince of the Western Han dynasty of China. He was a son of Emperor Wen and Empress Xiaowen, and a younger brother of Emperor Jing. He played a prominent role in the suppression of the Rebellion of the Seven States. He was also responsible for the assassination of the minister Yuan Ang.