hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Khuhro
Khuhro (Sindhi: کھڙو) is a Sindhi Sammat tribe in Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan.According to tradition the Khuhro settled in the fertile tract near the Indus River around the modern Larkana District and Khairpur District.

The Khuhro are a sub-branch of the Abro tribe  
The Khuhro maintain distinct cultural traditions while being closely related to the larger Abro tribe.

In 2013, their chief, Asad Khuhro, was taken into custody due to a case related to the killing of a policeman.

Abro
Abro, Abra, or Abda (Sindhi: ابڙو) is a Sindhi surname. It is a sub-clan of the larger Samma tribe that at present chiefly occupies the region of Sindh in Pakistan.

The Abro tribe is an influential community residing in Sindh, Balochistan (in Kacchi Plains, Detha or Detho title of some clans in Jakhro or Jakhra are in majority), and Kutch. Historically, they trace their origins to the Samma Rajputs. The tribe is known for producing notable leaders, warriors, and tribal chiefs. Jam Abro Arbhang, remembered for defending Soomra women from Alauddin Khilji's forces, stands out as a historical hero. The Abros have contributed to Sindh's cultural heritage, with their stories celebrated in folklore and Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai's poetry. Today, they maintain their tribal identity while adapting to modern social dynamics.

The tribe has several sub-clans, often named after notable ancestors or founders.
Kirovograd offensive
The Kirovograd offensive operation (Russian: Кировоградская наступательная операция, Ukrainian: Кіровогра́дська наступа́льна опера́ція), known on the German side as The defensive battle in the Kirovograd area (Die Abwehrschlacht im Raum von Kirowograd), was an offensive by the Red Army's 2nd Ukrainian Front against the German 8th Army of Army Group South in the area of Kirovograd in central Ukraine between 5 and 16 January 1944. It took place on the Eastern Front of World War II and was part of the wider Dnieper–Carpathian offensive, a Soviet attack against Army Group South that aimed to retake the rest of Ukraine west of the Dnieper river, which had been occupied by Germany in 1941.

7th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)
The 7th Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Red Army, formed three times. The corps was first formed in 1934 in the Leningrad Military District and was converted into the 10th Tank Corps in 1938. The corps was reformed in the summer of 1940 in the Moscow Military District and fought in the Battle of Smolensk, after which its headquarters became part of Group Yartsevo's headquarters. The corps was formed a third time in August and September 1943. The third formation fought in the Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive, Uman–Botoșani Offensive, Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, Battle of Debrecen, Budapest Offensive, Bratislava–Brno Offensive, Prague Offensive, and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. Postwar, the corps' third formation became a division and was disbanded in 1957.
Sandbach railway station
Sandbach railway station serves the town of Sandbach in Cheshire, England. The station is 4+3⁄4 miles (8 km) north-east of Crewe, on the Crewe to Manchester Line. Although the station is named Sandbach, it is in the local residential suburb of Elworth on the A533 road, which links the town with Middlewich and Northwich.

Sandbach
Sandbach (pronounced /ˈsændbætʃ/ ⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the Cheshire East borough of Cheshire, England. The civil parish contains four settlements: Sandbach, Elworth, Ettiley Heath and Wheelock. At the 2021 census, the Sandbach built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 11,290 and the parish had a population of 21,916.
Inside Passage
The Inside Passage (French: Passage Intérieur) is a coastal route for ships and boats along a network of passages which weave through the islands on the Pacific Northwest coast of the North American Fjordland. The route extends from southeastern Alaska in the United States, through western British Columbia in Canada, to northwestern Washington state in the United States. Ships using the route can avoid some of the bad weather in the open ocean and may visit some of the many isolated communities along the route. The Inside Passage is heavily travelled by cruise ships, freighters, tugs with tows, fishing craft, pleasure craft, and ships of the Alaska Marine Highway, BC Ferries, and Washington State Ferries systems. Coast Guard vessels of both Canada and the United States patrol and transit in the Passage.

In Academic publishing, Inside Passage refers to the broader network of waterways, fjords, and islands, rather than just as a navigational route.

Southeast Alaska
57°34′48″N 135°29′14″W﻿ / ﻿57.58000°N 135.48722°W﻿ / 57.58000; -135.48722

Southeast Alaska, often abbreviated to southeast or southeastern, and sometimes called the Alaska(n) panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, bordered to the east and north by the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia (and a small part of Yukon). The majority of southeast Alaska is situated in Tlingit Aaní, much of which is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United States' largest national forest. In many places, the international border runs along the crest of the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains (see Alaska boundary dispute). The region is noted for its scenery and mild, rainy climate.

The largest cities in the region are Juneau, Sitka, and Ketchikan. This region is also home to Hyder, the easternmost town in Alaska.
Roach Valley Way
The Roach Valley Way is a long-distance footpath in south-east Essex, England. The 23-mile (37 km) circular path is centred on Rochford and the River Crouch and Roach estuaries. It is waymarked, and named on Ordnance Survey mapping.

Rochford
Rochford is a town and civil parish in Essex, England. It lies 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Southend-on-Sea, 43 miles (69 km) from London and 21 miles (34 km) from Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 9,889 and the Rochford built up area had a population of 12,615. It gives its name to the wider Rochford District, which also covers an extensive surrounding area.
Steingraeber & Söhne
The Steingraeber Piano Manufactory (until 2022 Steingraeber & Söhne) is a major German manufacturer of grand and upright pianos. The family business was founded 1852 in Bayreuth, where the instruments are still manufactured today. It has its headquarters in Steingraeber Haus, a historic Rococo palace. Fanny and Alban Steingraeber run the company in the seventh generation.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Zelienople, Pennsylvania
Zelienople (/ˌziːliːəˈnoʊpəl/) is a borough in western Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,912 at the 2020 census. Located 28 miles (45 km) north of Pittsburgh, it is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

Butler County, Pennsylvania
40°55′N 79°55′W﻿ / ﻿40.91°N 79.91°W﻿ / 40.91; -79.91

Butler County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 193,763. Its county seat is Butler. Butler County was created on March 12, 1800, from part of Allegheny County and named in honor of General Richard Butler, a hero of the American Revolution. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
John Oponjo Benjamin
John Oponjo Benjamin (born 29 November 1952) is a Sierra Leonean economist and politician of Mende descent. He was the leader of the main opposition Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) to 2013. He served as Minister of Finance of Sierra Leone from 2002 to 2007. During that period, Benjamin helped lead Sierra Leone through the Paris Club's 100% debt cancellation program. Benjamin was the chairman of the Council of State Secretaries in 1992.

Mende people
The Mende are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, constitute the largest ethnic group at 35.5% of the total population, which is slightly larger than the Mende at 31.2%.  The Mende are predominantly found in the Southern Province and the Eastern Province. The Mende are mostly farmers and hunters. Some of the major cities with significant Mende populations include Bo, Kenema, Kailahun, and Moyamba.

Like a majority of African nations, Sierra Leone's political parties are often tied to specific ethnic groups and have been dominated by the Mende, on the one hand, and the Temne and their long-time political allies, the Limba, on the other. The Mende are known to typically support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), while the Temnes and Limbas are associated with the All People's Congress party (APC).
Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
Palaeeudyptes klekowskii is an extinct species of the penguin genus Palaeeudyptes. It was previously thought to have been approximately the size of its congener Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, somewhat larger than the modern emperor penguin, but a 2014 study showed it was in fact almost twice as tall, earning it the nickname “Mega Penguin”. Its maximum length is estimated to be up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) and maximum body mass up to 116 kg (256 lb). Knowledge of it comes from an extensive collection of fossil bones from the Late Eocene (34-37 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. P. klekowskii was at first not recognized as a distinct species, and despite the coexistence of two so closely related species of similar size as Palaeeudyptes gunnari and P. klekowskii seeming somewhat improbable, the amount of fossil material suggests that the two species are indeed diagnosably different.

Seymour Island
Seymour Island or Marambio Island, is an island in the chain of 16 major islands around the tip of the Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula. Graham Land is the closest part of Antarctica to South America. It lies within the section of the island chain that resides off the west side of the peninsula's northernmost tip. Within that section, it is separated from Snow Hill Island by Picnic Passage, and sits just east of the larger key, James Ross Island, and its smaller, neighboring island, Vega Island.

Seymour Island is sometimes called Marambio Island or Seymour-Marambio Island, taking its resident Argentine base as its namesake (see section, Base Antárctica Marambio, below).
N-slit interferometric equation
Quantum mechanics was first applied to optics, and interference in particular, by Paul Dirac. Richard Feynman, in his Lectures on Physics, uses Dirac's notation to describe thought experiments on double-slit interference of electrons. Feynman's approach was extended to N-slit interferometers for either single-photon illumination, or narrow-linewidth laser illumination, that is, illumination by indistinguishable photons, by Frank Duarte. The N-slit interferometer was first applied in the generation and measurement of complex interference patterns.

In this article the generalized N-slit interferometric equation, derived via Dirac's notation, is described. Although originally derived to reproduce and predict N-slit interferograms, this equation also has applications to other areas of optics.

Bra–ket notation
The Bra–ket notation or Dirac notation is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual spaces both in the finite- and infinite-dimensional cases. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that frequently arise in quantum mechanics. It is now of ubiquitous usage in that subject.

The bra–ket notation was created by Paul Dirac in his paper, "A New Notation for Quantum Mechanics" from 1939. The name comes from the English word bracket.
Soundelux
Soundelux is an American audio post production company based in California, a previous member of the Todd Soundelux group of sound companies. The Soundelux library and trademark was bought in 2014 by Sounddogs. In 2021, original founders Lon Bender and Wylie Stateman came together to launch the new Soundelux, which restarted in sound editing production with episodes of HBO's Euphoria.

The post production company provides audio services to clients working in feature films and television.

Sounddogs
Sounddogs.com, Inc. is a commercial online library of sound effects based in Marina Del Rey, California, with offices in Canada, Argentina, and Uruguay. It is the first and largest online sound effects and production music library on the internet launched in May 1997. As of 2016, 708,636 sound effects and production music tracks are available for immediate download or on hard drive or CD. Downloads are available in AIFF, WAV, and MP3 formats. Sounddogs started as a sound design and editorial company in 1990 and has contributed to more than 150 feature films and earned multiple awards and nominations from the BAFTA Award, Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Reel Awards. As of 2022, there are over 1 million sound files of sound effects and production music.
Fisher kernel
In statistical classification, the Fisher kernel, named after Ronald Fisher, is a function that measures the similarity of two objects on the basis of sets of measurements for each object and a statistical model. In a classification procedure, the class for a new object (whose real class is unknown) can be estimated by minimising, across classes, an average of the Fisher kernel distance from the new object to each known member of the given class.

The Fisher kernel was introduced in 1998. It combines the advantages of generative statistical models (like the hidden Markov model) and those of discriminative methods (like support vector machines):

generative models can process data of variable length (adding or removing data is well-supported)

discriminative methods can have flexible criteria and yield better results.

Bag-of-words model in computer vision
In computer vision, the bag-of-words (BoW) model, sometimes called bag-of-visual-words model (BoVW), can be applied to image classification or retrieval, by treating image features as words.  In document classification, a bag of words is a sparse vector of occurrence counts of words; that is, a sparse histogram over the vocabulary.  In computer vision, a bag of visual words is a vector of occurrence counts of a vocabulary of local image features.
Nemophila pulchella
Nemophila pulchella is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Eastwood's baby blue-eyes. It is endemic to California, where it is found from the San Francisco Bay Area to the southern Sierra Nevada to the Transverse Ranges. It grows in many types of mountain, foothill, and valley habitats. The genus Nemophila is placed in the family Hydrophyllaceae.

Nemophila
Nemophila is a genus found in the flowering plant family Hydrophyllaceae.

Most of the species in Nemophila contain the phrase "baby blue eyes" in their common names. N. menziesii has the common name of "baby blue eyes". N. parviflora is called the "smallflower baby blue-eyes" and N. spatulata is called the "Sierra baby blue eyes". An exception to this naming tendency is N. maculata, whose common name is fivespot.

Nemophila species are mainly native to the western United States, though some species are also found in Mexico, and in the southeastern United States. They are commonly offered for sale for garden cultivation. Generally these are Nemophila menziesii.
Theodor Becker
Theodor Becker (23 June 1840 in Plön – 30 June 1928 in Liegnitz) was a Danish-born German civil engineer and entomologist primarily known for studies on the taxonomy of flies.

He worked with Paul Stein, Mario Bezzi, and Kálmán Kertész on Katalog der Paläarktischen dipteren published in Budapest from 1903.

Kálmán Kertész
Kálmán Kertész (2 January 1867 Prešov, Sáros County – 28 December 1922 Budapest) was a Hungarian entomologist mainly interested in Diptera.

He was the director of the Zoological Department of the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.

Kertész world catalogues of the Diptera families Tabanidae and Pipunculidae were published in journals in 1900 and 1901, then between 1903 and 1907 he edited the whole Diptera catalogue of the Palaearctic Region and issued it in Budapest. This catalogue was together with Mario Bezzi, Paul Stein (1852–1921) and Theodor Becker as his co-authors. He worked on the world catalogue of Diptera which he planned to be 10 volumes and wrote alone. The first two volumes were issued in 1902 with the support of the Hungarian National Museum. The following 5 volumes were printed at his own cost in Szeged.
Ponte nelle Alpi
Ponte nelle Alpi (English: Bridge into the Alps, Venetian: Pont) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Venice and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Belluno.

Ponte nelle Alpi borders the following municipalities: Belluno, Alpago, Longarone, Soverzene.

Soverzene
Soverzene is a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Venice and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Belluno.

Soverzene borders the following municipalities: Erto e Casso, Longarone, Alpago, Ponte nelle Alpi.
Harold Brighouse
Harold Brighouse (26 July 1882 – 25 July 1958) was an English playwright and author whose best known play is Hobson's Choice.  He was a prominent member, together with Allan Monkhouse and Stanley Houghton, of a group known as the Manchester School of dramatists.

Manchester School (writers)
The "Manchester School" was a number of playwrights from Manchester, England, who were active in the early 20th century.  The leading figures in the group were Harold Brighouse, Stanley Houghton and Allan Monkhouse.  They were championed by Annie Horniman, owner of the Gaiety Theatre, Manchester.
Crocosmia
Crocosmia (/krəˈkɒzmiə, kroʊ-/), also known as montbretia (/mɒnˈbriːʃə/), is a small genus of flowering plants in the iris family, Iridaceae. It is native to the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa, ranging from South Africa to Sudan. One species is endemic to Madagascar.

Iridaceae
Iridaceae (/ɪrɪˈdeɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically important cultivated plants, such as species of Freesia, Gladiolus, and Crocus, as well as the crop saffron.

Members of this family are perennial plants, with a bulb, corm or rhizome.  The plants grow erect, and have leaves that are generally grass-like, with a sharp central fold. Some examples of members of this family are the blue flag and yellow flag.
1985 American League Championship Series
The 1985 American League Championship Series was a semifinal matchup in Major League Baseball's 1985 postseason played between the Kansas City Royals and the Toronto Blue Jays from October 8 to 16. Major League Baseball decided to extend the Championship Series in both leagues from its best-of-five (1969–1984) to the current best-of-seven format starting with this year, and it proved pivotal in the outcome of the ALCS. The Blue Jays seemingly put a stranglehold on the Series, earning a three games to one lead over the Royals after four games. However, Kansas City staged an improbable comeback, winning the next three games to win the American League Championship Series four games to three. The Royals would proceed to defeat their cross-state rivals, the St. Louis Cardinals, in the World Series four games to three.

1985 Toronto Blue Jays season
The 1985 Toronto Blue Jays season was the franchise's ninth season of Major League Baseball. It resulted in the Blue Jays finishing first in the American League East with a record of 99 wins and 62 losses. The win total of 99 is a franchise record, and the division title was the franchise's first. This was the first time the Blue Jays made the postseason.

Despite having the second-best record in Major League Baseball, the Blue Jays collapsed in the American League Championship Series to the eventual World Series champion Kansas City Royals, blowing a 3–1 series lead and losing in seven games.
Legal Aid Agency
The Legal Aid Agency is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) in the United Kingdom. It provides both civil and criminal legal aid and advice in England and Wales. The agency was formed on 1 April 2013 as a replacement for the Legal Services Commission, which unlike the Legal Aid Agency, was a non-departmental public body of the MoJ. This change was enacted by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 to allow for greater ministerial control over the UK government's legal aid budget.

Executive agency
An executive agency is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate, to carry out some part of the executive functions of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive. Executive agencies are "machinery of government" devices distinct both from non-ministerial government departments and non-departmental public bodies (or "quangos"), each of which enjoy legal and constitutional separation from ministerial control.  The model has been applied in several other countries.
Grand Central Plaza
Grand Central Plaza (Chinese: 新城市中央廣場) is a commercial development located near the town centre of Sha Tin, Hong Kong. It comprises two 16-storey office towers atop a multi-storey shopping podium called HomeSquare which specialises in home decor and furnishings. It is owned by Sun Hung Kai Properties, which also owns the nearby New Town Plaza, and was completed in 1995.

Sha Tin
Sha Tin, also spelt Shatin, is a neighbourhood along Shing Mun River in the eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project.

The new town was founded in 1973 under the New Towns Development Programme of the Hong Kong government. Its current name was named after the nearby village of Sha Tin Wai.  The literal English translation is 'Sand Fields'.
Børsen
Børsen (Danish for "the bourse" or "the stock exchange"), is a 17th-century commodity bourse and later stock exchange in the centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. The historic building is situated next to Christiansborg Palace, the seat of the Danish Parliament, on the island of Slotsholmen.

Built under the reign of Christian IV in 1619–1640, the building is considered a leading example of the Dutch Renaissance style in Denmark. It is a protected building for conservation purposes. A popular tourist attraction, Børsen is most noted for its distinctive spire, shaped as the tails of four dragons twined together, reaching a height of 56 m (184 ft). On 16 April 2024, the building was severely damaged by a fire, which toppled the spire.

Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger
Hans van Steenwinckel the Younger (24 June 1587 – 6 August 1639) was a Flemish-Danish architect who specialised in the Dutch Renaissance style, typical of prestigious Danish buildings from the first half of the 17th century. Along with his brother Lorenz van Steenwinckel he was responsible for most of King Christian IV's many ambitious building projects.

He was the son of Hans van Steenwinckel the Elder and the father of Hans van Steenwinckel the Youngest and probably also the building master and engineer Oluf van Steenwinckel.