hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monterosso Grana
Monterosso Grana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Cuneo.

Monterosso Grana borders the following municipalities: Castelmagno, Demonte, Dronero, Montemale di Cuneo, Pradleves, Rittana, Valgrana, and Valloriate.

Pradleves
Pradleves is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 306 and an area of 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 sq mi).

Pradleves borders the following municipalities: Castelmagno, Demonte, Dronero, and Monterosso Grana.
Indian Overseas Bank
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) is an Indian public sector bank based in Chennai. It was founded in February 1937 by M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettiar, and was one of the 14 major banks taken over by the government of India during the nationalisation in 1969.

IOB has about 3,269 domestic branches, 2 DBUs (Digital Banking Unit) about 4 foreign branches and representative offices.

Public sector banks in India
Public Sector Undertakings (Banks) are a major type of government-owned banks in India, where a majority stake (i.e., more than 50%) is held by the Ministry of Finance (India) of the Government of India or State Ministry of Finance of various State Governments of India. The shares of these government-owned-banks are listed on stock exchanges. Their main objective is social welfare.
Grunwald–Winstein equation
In physical organic chemistry, the Grunwald–Winstein equation is a linear free energy relationship between relative rate constants and the ionizing power of various solvent systems, describing the effect of solvent as nucleophile on different substrates. The equation, which was developed by Ernest Grunwald and Saul Winstein in 1948, could be written

where the  kx, sol and kx, 80% EtOH are the solvolysis rate constants for a certain compound in different solvent systems and in the reference solvent, 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. The parameter m is a parameter measuring the sensitivity of the solvolysis rate with respect to Y, the measure of ionizing power of the solvent.

Physical organic chemistry
Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest.
András Visontai
András Visontai (born 20 May 1979) is a Hungarian former ice dancer. With Zita Gebora, he is the 2000 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and a three-time Hungarian national champion. They competed in the final segment at nine ISU Championships – three World Championships (2000–2002), three European Championships (2000–2002), and three World Junior Championships (1997–1999).

Gebora/Visontai won two silver medals during the 1997–98 ISU Junior Series and qualified to the final, where they placed fourth. After moving up to the senior level, they appeared at two Grand Prix events. They trained under Ilona Berecz in Budapest.

Ilona Berecz
Ilona Berecz (born 16 December 1947) is a Hungarian ice dancing coach and former competitor. With István Sugár, she is a two-time Hungarian national champion and the 1968 Blue Swords bronze medalist. They finished in the top ten at three European Championships.
Seenotdienst
The Seenotdienst (sea rescue service) was a German military organization formed within the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) to save downed airmen from emergency water landings. The Seenotdienst operated from 1935 to 1945 and was the first organized air-sea rescue service.

The Seenotdienst was at first operated as a civilian service run by the military, and later was brought formally into the Luftwaffe. Throughout their existence, the group solved a number of organizational, operational and technical challenges to create an effective rescue force. When British and American air leaders observed the German success, they modeled their own rescue forces after the Seenotdienst. As the Allies of World War II advanced, denying sea areas to German forces, local groups of the Seenotdienst were disbanded. The last active group served in the Baltic Sea in March 1945.

Dornier Do 18
The Dornier Do 18 was a development of the Do 16 flying boat. It was developed for the Luftwaffe, but Deutsche Luft Hansa received five aircraft and used these for tests between the Azores and the North American continent in 1936 and on their mail route over the South Atlantic from 1937 to 1939.

On 27–29 March 1938, a "Do 18 W" established a seaplane record, flying non-stop a straight distance of 8,391 km (5,214 mi) from Start Point, Devon to Caravelas in Brazil.
Carden–Baynes Auxiliary
The Carden–Baynes Auxiliary was the first motor glider with a retractable engine and propeller; it is known as the Abbott–Baynes Scud 3 when engineless.  Both aircraft, built in the mid-1930s, were still flying in 2010 as pure sailplanes.

Motor glider
A motor glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that can be flown with or without engine power. The FAI Gliding Commission Sporting Code definition is: a fixed-wing aerodyne equipped with a means of propulsion (MoP), capable of sustained soaring flight without thrust from the means of propulsion.
Akin Düzakin
Akin Düzakin (born 12 May 1961) is a Turkish-Norwegian illustrator and children's author.

Düzakin has illustrated a wide range of children's books, including books about Tvillingbror and Tvillingsøster of Liv Marie Austrem for which he received the Brage Prize in 1995 and 1997. He also won the Unni Sands bildebokpris award in 1998. Furthermore, in 2006 he won the Bokkunstprisen award.

Düzakin is known for acrylic paintings with poetic, naive motifs and clear shapes.

Liv Marie Austrem
Liv Marie Austrem (born 30 January 1947) is a Norwegian novelist, children's writer and non-fiction writer.

Among her children's books are Runar vart 17 år from 1988 and Monas historie from 1993. She was awarded the Brage Prize in 1995 for Tvillingbror, shared with illustrator Akin Düzakin. In 1997 she received the Brage Prize for Tvillingsøster.

Among her novels are Gyda from 1995, and Rikkes reise from 1997.
Dharapuram Assembly constituency
Dharapuram is a legislative assembly constituency that includes the city of Dharapuram. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 101. Dharapuram Assembly constituency is part of Erode Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Dharapuram
Dharapuram is a town situated along the banks of Amaravati River in Thiruppur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Dharapuram is one of the oldest towns in South India and was the capital of Kongu Nadu under the Cheras, Western Ganga Dynasty and later Kongu Cholas, at which time it was known as Veeradapuram. Amaravathi River flows through the town. As of 2011, the town had a population of 67,007. The city houses famous temples including Agatheeswarar Temple, Kaadu Hanumanthasamy temple and many other old temples.

Dharapuram Town is a small agricultural marketing centre for a large rural hinterland in the Thiruppur. The town is 50 km towards of the District Headquarters Thiruppur, 55 km towards the Pollachi, 33 km towards the Kangeyam, 75 km towards the Erode, 75 km towards the Karur, 70 km towards the Dindigul, 35 km towards the Palani and 75 km towards the industrial town Coimbatore. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport located 70 km from Dharapuram.
Evelyn Boyd Granville
Evelyn Boyd Granville (May 1, 1924 – June 27, 2023) was an American mathematician and computer scientist. She was the second African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics from an American university; she earned it in 1949 from Yale University. She graduated from Smith College in 1945. She performed pioneering work in the field of computing.

Lee Lorch
Lee Alexander Lorch (September 20, 1915 – February 28, 2014) was an American mathematician, and early civil rights activist. His leadership in the campaign to desegregate Stuyvesant Town, a large housing development on the East Side of Manhattan, helped eventually to make housing discrimination illegal in the United States but also resulted in Lorch losing his own job twice. He and his family then moved to the Southern United States where he and his wife, Grace Lorch, became involved in the civil rights movement there while also teaching at several Black colleges. He encouraged black students to pursue studies in mathematics and mentored several of the first black men and women to earn PhDs in mathematics in the United States. After moving to Canada as a result of McCarthyism, he ended his career as professor emeritus of mathematics at York University in Toronto, Ontario.
2024 Magdeburg car attack
On 20 December 2024, an SUV was driven into a crowd at the Christmas market in Magdeburg, Germany, killing 6 people and injuring 309 others. The driver of the car, allegedly 50-year-old anti-Islam activist Taleb Al-Abdulmohsen, was arrested at the scene. German authorities have described the suspect as an Islamophobe. Investigators continue to search for a motive, which remains unknown. The Federal Prosecutor General classified the attack not as an act of terrorism, but as a rampage.

Taleb Al-Abdulmohsen
Taleb bin Jawad bin Hussein Al-Abdulmohsen (born 5 November 1974) is a Saudi-born former psychiatrist and suspected mass murderer who is the suspect in the 2024 Magdeburg car attack, which killed 6 people and injured 338 others. Abdulmohsen is known for his Islamophobic views, anti-immigration stance, and far-right political beliefs. He has identified himself as a vocal critic of Islam in various interviews.

Abdulmohsen relocated to Germany in 2006 to specialize in psychotherapy, applied for asylum, which was granted in 2016. In 2013, Rostock District Court fined him for "disturbance of public peace through the threat of criminal acts".

Since November 2025, Abdulmohsen has been put on trial for six counts of murder and 338 counts of attempted murder.
Mikael Sundman
Mikael Sundman is a Finnish architect and writer. He wrote the polemical book Kenen Helsinki? (Whose Helsinki?) (1970) together with Vilhelm Helander, and received the Eino Leino Prize in 1971.

In late 1980s and early 1990s he drew general plans for a new residential area for 7000 people in Helsinki, known as Arabianranta.

Vilhelm Helander
Arne Anders Vilhem Helander (8 February 1941 – 19 January 2025) was a Finnish architect and Professor of architectural history at Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland from 1986 until 2005, when he became professor emeritus. In November 2024 he was bestowed with the honorary title of Akateemikko (Academician).
Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud
Lycée intercommunal Darius Milhaud is a senior high school in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It serves residents of the communes of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Arcueil, Gentilly, and Villejuif, in Val-de-Marne. It is named after the French composer Darius Milhaud.

Lycée Général Darius Milhaud and Lycée Professionnel Erik Satie were a part of a school complex in September 1976. The unified school was established in 1991 from the merger of Milhaud and Satie.

Darius Milhaud
Darius Milhaud (French: [daʁjys mijo], Provençal: [miˈjawt]; 4 September 1892 – 22 June 1974) was a French composer, conductor, and teacher. He was a member of Les Six—The Group of Six—and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are influenced by jazz and Brazilian music and make extensive use of polytonality. Milhaud is considered one of the key modernist composers. He taught many future jazz and classical composers, including Burt Bacharach, Dave Brubeck, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, György Kurtág, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Iannis Xenakis among others.
Mackay Region
The Mackay Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by three previous local government areas with modern histories extending back as far as 1869.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$118 million.

In the 2021 census, the Mackay Region had a population of 121,691 people.

North Queensland
North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.  The region is prone to floods and cyclones.

The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).
Aviation Unit Command
The Aviation Unit Command (Turkish: Havacılık Birlik Komutanlığı) is responsible for defending the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the land borders, territorial waters and airspace, as well as the international sea and airspace of the Eastern Mediterranean, and to carry out search and rescue missions in these regions. It is part of the Security Forces Command.

Security Forces Command
The Security Forces Command (Turkish: Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı, GKK) is the military and security force of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

It is a 15,000 strong force primarily made up of conscripted Turkish Cypriot males between the ages of 18 and 40. It is a combined arms force, with land, air and naval arms, plus police and fire elements.

This force is supplemented by the 17,500–30,000 strong Turkish military forces in Northern Cyprus stationed on the island.
David Hicks
David Matthew Hicks (born 7 August 1975) is an Australian who attended al-Qaeda's Al Farouq training camp in Afghanistan. Hicks traveled to Pakistan after converting to Islam to learn more about the faith, eventually leading to his time in the training camp. He states that he was unfamiliar with al-Qaeda and had no idea that they targeted civilians. Hicks met with Osama bin Laden in 2001.

Later that year, he was captured and brought to the U.S. to be tried. He was then detained by the United States in Guantanamo Bay detention camp, where he reported undergoing torture at the hands of American soldiers, from 2002 until 2007. He was eventually convicted under the Military Commissions Act of 2006.

In 2012, his conviction was overturned because the law under which he was charged had not been passed at the time the actions he was arrested for were committed.

Leigh Sales
Leigh Peta Sales AM (born 10 May 1973) is an Australian journalist and author, best known for her work with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). She has won three Walkley Awards, and in 2023 was nominated for the Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television.

Sales hosted ABC TV's current affairs program 7.30 from 2011 to 2022. In November 2022, it was announced that Sales had been appointed as the new host of ABC TV's weekly documentary series Australian Story. She has also written and co-written several books, and since 2014 has co-hosted a podcast with Annabel Crabb, called Chat 10 Looks 3.
North Poso Kota
North Poso Kota (pronunciationⓘ) is a district in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Along with the neighboring districts of Poso Kota and South Poso Kota, the district makes up the capital region of Poso Regency, Poso, covering 56.57 km2 with a population of 47,477 in 2020.

With a population of 12,930 inhabitants and a population density of 639 per km2, North Poso Kota is the eight most populous and second most densely populated district in Poso Regency. With an area of 20.22 per km2, North Poso Kota is one of the smallest districts, with only 0.28% of the total area of Poso Regency.

South Poso Kota
South Poso Kota (pronunciationⓘ) is a district in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Along with the neighboring districts of Poso Kota and North Poso Kota, it makes up the capital region of Poso Regency, Poso, covering 56.57 km2 with a population of 47,477 in 2020.

With a population of 10,402 inhabitants and a population density of 415 per km2, South Poso Kota is the 11th most populous and 3rd most densely populated district in Poso Regency. With an area of 25.06 km2, South Poso Kota is one of the smallest districts, with only 0.35% of the total area of Poso Regency.
Coconut water
Coconut water (also coconut juice) is the clear liquid inside young coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm). In early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development. As development continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. The liquid inside young coconuts is sometimes preferred to the liquid of a ripened coconut. Coconut water from young green coconuts is also known specifically as buko juice in Philippine English.

Nata de coco
Nata de coco, also marketed as coconut gel, is a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food produced by the fermentation of coconut water, which gels through the production of microbial cellulose by Komagataeibacter xylinus.

Originating in Ramon, Isabela, nata de coco was invented in 1949 by Teódula Kalaw África as an alternative to the traditional Filipino nata de piña made from pineapples. It is most commonly sweetened as a candy or dessert, and can accompany a variety of foods, including pickles, drinks, ice cream, puddings, and fruit cocktails.  Nowadays, nata de coco can be made using ground konjac plant fibers. The konjac in the composition helps make nata de coco low in calories.  Nata de coco with added konjac is often used to make low-calorie bubble tea.
The Newgate Calendar
The Newgate Calendar, subtitled The Malefactors' Bloody Register, was a popular collection of moralising stories about sin, crime, and criminals who commit them in England in the 18th and 19th centuries. Originally a monthly bulletin of executions, produced by the Keeper of Newgate Prison in London, the Calendar's title was appropriated by other publishers, who put out biographical chapbooks about notorious criminals such as Sawney Bean, Dick Turpin, and Moll Cutpurse.

Newgate Prison
Newgate Prison was a prison at the corner of Newgate Street and Old Bailey, just inside the City of London, England, originally at the site of Newgate, a gate in the Roman London Wall. Built in the 12th century and demolished in 1904, the prison was extended and rebuilt many times, and remained in use for over 700 years, from 1188 to 1902.

In the late 18th century, executions by hanging were moved here from the Tyburn gallows.  These took place on the public street in front of the prison, drawing crowds until 1868, when they were moved into the prison.

For much of its history, a succession of criminal courtrooms were attached to the prison, commonly referred to as the "Old Bailey".  The present Old Bailey (officially, Central Criminal Court) now occupies much of the site of the prison.
Herad
Herad is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 85-square-kilometre (33 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The municipality encompassed the area northeast of the lake Framvaren inside the present-day municipality of Farsund in what is now Agder county. The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Sande where the Herad Church is located.

Sande, Agder
Sande is a village in Farsund municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is located along the Åptafjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of the town of Farsund.  The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Herad which existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. Herad Church is located in the village.
Otto Pfister
Otto Martin Pfister (born 24 November 1937) is a German former footballer, football manager and one of Germany's most successful coaching exports, voted Africa's Manager of the Year in 1992. He is formerly the manager of the Afghanistan national team.

DR Congo national football team
The DR Congo national football team (French: Équipe nationale de football de la République démocratique du Congo), recognised by FIFA as Congo DR and by CAF as DR Congo, represents the Democratic Republic of the Congo in men's international football and it is controlled by the Congolese Association Football Federation. They are nicknamed Les Léopards, meaning The Leopards. The team is a member of FIFA and the Confederation of African Football (CAF).

DR Congo have been ranked as high as 28th in the FIFA Rankings; as Zaire, they were the first Sub-Saharan African team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup, and twice won the Africa Cup of Nations. They are also one of the most successful teams in the African Nations Championship with two titles, second only to Morocco with three. They are currently ranked 56th in the FIFA Rankings.

DR Congo have previously competed variously as Belgian Congo, Congo-Kinshasa and Zaïre.  Their appearance at the 1974 FIFA World Cup was as Zaïre.
Cricket in Nepal
Cricket in Nepal (Nepali: नेपालमा क्रिकेट) is one of the country's most popular and widely followed sport which has gained popularity over the years. It rapidly grew popularity in the mid 2010s, following the slight successes of the Nepalese cricket team as well as the country's explosive rise in social media and television viewing influence from neighboring country India. It is played by many people throughout the country, especially in the Terai region. Association football is the most popular sport in Nepal, followed by cricket.

The biggest cricketing achievement of the national cricket team was when the team reached the qualification tournament of 2014 ICC World T20 held in Bangladesh. Nepal's playing season runs from September to November and starts again in March before finishing in May.  As of October 2023, there were 3,400 senior cricket clubs and over 35,000 registered players in Nepal.

Cricket Association of Nepal
Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) is the official governing body of cricket in Nepal. Its headquarters are situated in Mulpani, Kathmandu. It is Nepal's representative at the International Cricket Council and has been an associate member since 1996 AD (2053 BS). It is also a member of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).

The board was dissolved by the government of Nepal in November 2014 on the grounds of incompetence and a three-member ad hoc committee was established with a new president designated by the government itself.

In April 2016, CAN was suspended by the International Cricket Council (ICC), on the grounds of government interference in its operations. However the suspension did not prevent Nepal's national teams from participating in ICC tournaments.

The ICC welcomed the elections of the board held in September 2019.  On 13 October 2019, the ICC lifted its suspension of the Cricket Association of Nepal, and formally reinstated the board on a conditional basis on 14 October.