hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valle Antrona
Valle Antrona (Antrona Valley) is a valley of the Alps, situated in the Pennine range. The valley is drained by the Ovesca, a tributary meeting the Toce at Villadossola, one of the seven valleys of the Val d'Ossola. It has a total of 1,140 inhabitants, distributed over an area of 141.43 km². Sporting the Alta Valle Antrona Natural Park, it is situated to the north of the Valle Anzasca. Historically it was the site of gold and mica mining. Its demonym is "Antronesi".

Antrona Schieranco
46°4′N 8°7′E﻿ / ﻿46.067°N 8.117°E﻿ / 46.067; 8.117

Antrona Schieranco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Verbania, in the Valle Antrona, a branch of the Val d'Ossola, on the border with Switzerland.

Antrona Schieranco borders the following municipalities: Bognanco, Borgomezzavalle, Calasca-Castiglione, Ceppo Morelli, Montescheno, Saas Almagell (Switzerland), Vanzone con San Carlo, Zwischbergen (Switzerland). Until 1946, it was a center for silver and gold mining.

The Portjengrat (Italian: Pizzo d'Andolla) is located nearby.
Nurse with Wound list
The Nurse with Wound list is a list of musicians and bands that was included with Chance Meeting on a Dissecting Table of a Sewing Machine and an Umbrella (1979), the first album by Nurse with Wound. There are 291 entries on the list. The list was expanded with Nurse with Wound's second album, To the Quiet Men from a Tiny Girl (1980).

The list was compiled by the original Nurse with Wound trio of Steven Stapleton, John Fothergill, and Heman Pathak. It was intended as a homage to the artists who influenced the Nurse with Wound project. It has since become a type of 'shopping list' for collectors of outsider and avant-garde music.

Given their obscurity, some of the artists named on the list have been a mystery for many collectors. Stapleton has even boasted that some of the names on the list were invented, a statement denied by John Fothergill.

Patrick Vian
Patrick Alain Vian (12 April 1942 – 24 February 2023) was a French musician. He played progressive rock music in the late 1960s with the band Red Noise, which recorded one album. In the 1970s, he composed music for a film and released one solo album, Bruits et Temps Analogues, in 1976.
53431
53431 is a Greatest Hits compilation by the electro-pop band Swami. The title refers to the numerical spelling of the band's name. This release is a milestone to mark 10 years of the band's existence, and contains the hits and most well known songs from the band's three studio albums, 1999's Desi Nu Skool Beatz, 2004's So Who Am I and 2007's Equalize.

It also contains two new songs "Sugarless" and "Tonight".

Sugarless (song)
"Sugarless" is the first single from Swami's 2009 greatest hits compilation 53431.

Initially released as a free download on the popular Asian entertainment website DesiHits.com, the track quickly gained steam in the UK and North America, garnering critical acclaim from popular Asian media outlets such as the BBC Asian Network. Written by Diamond Duggal aka DJ Swami, S-Endz and Liana McCarthy, the song is an electronic pop song with driving percussion and a combination of male vocals sung by Sups and rapped by S-Endz and a female chorus sung by McCarthy.

The tracks popularity continued throughout 2009, and it was listed as the #2 song of 2009 by BBC Asian Network DJ Bobby Friction.
John Walsh (television host)
John Edward Walsh, Jr. (born December 26, 1945) is an American television presenter, victims' rights activist, and the host/creator of America's Most Wanted. He is known for his anti-crime activism, with which he became involved following the murder of his son, Adam, in 1981; in 2008, deceased serial killer Ottis Toole was officially named as Adam's killer. Walsh was part-owner of the now defunct National Museum of Crime and Punishment in Washington, D.C. He also anchored an investigative documentary series, The Hunt with John Walsh, which debuted on CNN in 2014.

National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
The National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, abbreviated as NCMEC (/nɛk mək/) is a private, nonprofit organization established in 1984 by the United States Congress. In September 2013, the United States House of Representatives, United States Senate, and the president of the United States reauthorized the allocation of $40 million in funding for the organization as part of Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013. The current chair of the organization is Jon Grosso of Kohl's. NCMEC handles cases of missing minors from infancy to young adults through age 20.
Sargent County, North Dakota
Sargent County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,862, and was estimated to be 3,710 in 2024. The county seat is Forman and the largest city is Gwinner. The county is named in honor of Homer E. Sargent, a 19th-century general manager of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. The county spans an agricultural region between the James River and Red River valleys in southeastern North Dakota dotted with various sloughs, lakes, and hills. The original home of the Bobcat Company, a manufacturer of farm and construction equipment that still produces a large number of skid-steer loaders at its facility in Gwinner.

Richland County, North Dakota
Richland County is a county in the far southeast corner of the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,529, and was estimated to be 16,658 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Wahpeton.

Richland County is part of the Wahpeton, ND–MN Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Fargo-Wahpeton, ND-MN Combined Statistical Area.
CJ Huyer
Chris Jacob Huyer, better known as CJ Huyer, is a Canadian singer, music manager and producer. He was a member of American-Canadian boy band 3Deep along with actors-turned-singers Eddie Cibrian and Joshua Morrow, both co-stars in The Young and the Restless. The band enjoyed success in Canada, Europe, and Asia from 1998 to 2001 before disbanding.

Since then, Huyer has remained in the music business, founding and co-managing 3 Street Management and HC Entertainment alongside his partner Howie Dorough of the Backstreet Boys. He currently manages Interscope recording artist Dan Talevski, girl group No More Drama, and Canadian act Neverest. He managed Canadian artist George Nozuka until 2009.

Joshua Morrow
Joshua Jacob Morrow (born February 8, 1974) is an American television actor and musician. In 1994, he began his career when he was cast in the role of Nicholas Newman on The Young and the Restless. In 1998, he joined the soul-pop group 3Deep; the group disbanded in 2001.
Donna Jean Godchaux
Donna Jean Thatcher Godchaux-MacKay (August 22, 1947 – November 2, 2025) was an American singer best known as a member of the rock band the Grateful Dead from 1972 to 1979. In addition to the Dead, she performed with the Jerry Garcia Band and the short-lived Heart of Gold Band, all alongside her first husband, Keith Godchaux. She formed the Donna Jean Godchaux Band in 2006.

Steve Kimock
Steve Kimock (born October 5, 1955) is an American rock guitarist. He was a member of San Francisco Bay Area bands Zero and KVHW.

His tone and some of his playing approach has been compared to Jerry Garcia, who was a friend of his, and he has been affiliated with musicians connected to Grateful Dead, including the bands the Other Ones, RatDog, and Phil Lesh and Friends. Garcia cited Kimock, along with Frank Gambale and Michael Hedges, as his favorite guitar players during the later part of his life.
Vitae duorum Offarum
The  Vitae duorum Offarum "The lives of the two Offas" is a literary history written in the mid-thirteenth century, apparently by the St Albans monk Matthew Paris; however, the most recent editor and translator of the work rejects this attribution and argues for an earlier date, in the late twelfth century. The earliest editor, William Wats, argues that the texts are older than Matthew's day but were revised by him; he bases this view on stylistic elements, such as the inclusion in the first Vita of a quotation from Lucan (Pharsalia I. 92–3) which also appears repeatedly in Matthew's Chronica maiora.

Calumniated Wife
The Calumniated Wife is a motif in traditional narratives, numbered K2110.1 in Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature. It entails a wife being falsely accused of, and often punished for, some crime or sin. This motif is at the centre of a number of traditional plots, being associated with tale-types 705–712 in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index of tale-types.
Nestor the Chronicler
Nestor the Chronicler, or Nestor the Hagiographer, (Church Slavonic: Нестор Летописец, romanized: Nestor Letopisec; c. 1056 – c. 1114) was a monk from  Kievan Rus' who is known to have written two hagiographies: the Life of the Venerable Theodosius of the Kiev Caves and the Account about the Life and Martyrdom of the Blessed Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb.

Traditional historiography has also attributed to Nestor the Primary Chronicle (PVL), the most revered chronicle of Kievan Rus', which earned him the nickname "the Chronicler," though many modern scholars doubt this authorship. Given this controversy, some scholars refer to Nestor as "the Hagiographer," to identify him with the two hagiographies he did author.

Boris and Gleb
Boris and Gleb (Old East Slavic: Борисъ и Глѣбъ, romanized: Borisŭ i Glěbŭ), respective Christian names Roman (Романъ, Romanŭ) and David (Давꙑдъ, Davydŭ),  were the first saints canonized in Kievan Rus' after its Christianization. Their feast day is observed on July 24 (August 6 Gregorian calendar).
Mihrişah Sultan (daughter of Şehzade Izzeddin)
Mihriban Mihrişah Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: مھربان مھرشاہ سلطان; 30 August 1916 – 25 January 1987) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of heir to the throne Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, son of Sultan Abdulaziz, and Leman Hanım. She was the second wife of Şehzade Ömer Faruk, son of the last Ottoman caliph, Abdülmecid II and Şehsuvar Hanım.

Şehzade Ömer Faruk
Şehzade Ömer Faruk Efendi (Ottoman Turkish: شهزادہ عمر فاروق; also Ömer Faruk Osmanoğlu; 27 February 1898 – 28 March 1969) was an Ottoman prince, the son of the last Ottoman caliph Abdulmejid II and his first consort Şehsuvar Hanım. He was also the son-in-law of Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire because he married his younger daughter Rukiye Sabiha Sultan.
Northern Oregon Coast Range
The Northern Oregon Coast Range is the northern section of the Oregon Coast Range, in the Pacific Coast Ranges physiographic region, located in the northwest portion of the state of Oregon, United States. This section of the mountain range, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, contains peaks as high as 3,710 feet (1,131 m) for Rogers Peak. Forests in these mountains are considered to be some of the most productive timber land in the world. The Central Oregon Coast Range is directly south of this section with the Southern Oregon Coast Range beyond the central range.

Rogers Peak
Rogers Peak is the highest mountain in Tillamook County, Oregon. Located in the Tillamook State Forest, the peak is also the highest peak in the Northern Oregon Coast Range, which is the northern section of the Oregon Coast Range.
Pigna (rione of Rome)
Pigna (Italian: [ˈpiɲɲa]) is the 9th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. IX, and belongs to the Municipio I. The name means "pine cone" in Italian, and the symbol of the rione is the colossal bronze pine cone standing in the middle of the homonymous fountain. The fountain, which was initially located in the Baths of Agrippa, now decorates a vast niche in the wall of the Vatican facing the Cortile della Pigna, located in Vatican City.

Rioni of Rome
A rione of Rome (Italian: [riˈoːne]; pl.: rioni of Rome) is a traditional administrative division of the city of Rome. Rione is an Italian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town. The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from the Latin word regio (pl.: regiones), 'region'; during the Middle Ages the Latin word became rejones, from which rione comes. Currently, all the rioni are located in Municipio I of Rome.
Goyang International Flower Festival
The Goyang International Flower Festival (Korean: 고양 국제 꽃박람회; RR: Goyang Gukje Kkotbangamhoe) is one of the largest flower festivals in South Korea and takes place in the city of Goyang. It attracts many visitors annually. The festival is held in a metropolitan area and serves as a model for local culture festivals, in which some foreign flower farmers participate.

During the festival, flower events and cultural performances are held, and visitors can buy flowers from all over the world, which helps promote the domestic flower industry.

In 2015, the festival was held from 24 April to 10 May at Ilsan Lake Park. The 2015 festival was the largest to that date, consisting of 25 national pavilions, 120 companies from 35 countries, and 200 domestic companies. The exhibition occupied 150,000 square metres (1,600,000 sq ft); it was organized by the Goyang International Flower Foundation.

Goyang
Goyang (Korean: 고양; Korean pronunciation: [ko.jaŋ]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province in the north of South Korea. It is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area, making Goyang one of Seoul's satellite cities. It is one of the largest cities in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, with a population of just over 1 million. Ilsan, a planned city, is located in the Ilsandong District and Ilsanseo Districts of Goyang. It also includes Deogyang District which is closer to Seoul.

Several institutions of higher learning are located in Goyang. These include Agricultural Cooperative College, Korea Aerospace University, and Transnational Law and Business University.
Saitama 6th district
Saitama 6th district (埼玉県第6区, Saitama-ken dai-rokku  or simply 埼玉6区, Saitama-ken rokku ) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Saitama Prefecture.

Kōnosu
Kōnosu (鴻巣市, Kōnosu-shi) is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 117,995 in 50,801 households and a population density of 1700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is  67.44 square kilometres (26.04 square miles).
Second variation
In the calculus of variations, the second variation extends the idea of the second derivative test to functionals. Much like for functions, at a stationary point where the first derivative is zero, the second derivative determines the nature of the stationary point; it may be negative (if the point is a maximum point), positive (if a minimum) or zero (if a saddle point).

Via the second functional, it is possible to derive powerful necessary conditions for solving variational problems, such as the Legendre–Clebsch condition and the Jacobi necessary condition detailed below.

First variation
In applied mathematics and the calculus of variations, the first variation of a functional J(y) is defined as the linear functional  mapping the function h to

where y and h are functions, and ε is a scalar. This is recognizable as the Gateaux derivative of the functional.
Korg M1
The Korg M1 is a synthesizer and music workstation manufactured by the Japanese company Korg from 1988 to 1995. It is one of the bestselling synthesizers in history, selling an estimated 250,000 units, and was widely used in popular music and stock music in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The piano and organ presets were used in 1990s house music, such as the Madonna single "Vogue" and the Robin S single "Show Me Love".

Music workstation
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:

a sound module,

a music sequencer and

(usually) a musical keyboard.

It enables a musician to compose electronic music using just one piece of equipment.
Jeremiah 25
Jeremiah 25 is the twenty-fifth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapter 25 is the final chapter in the first section of the Book of Jeremiah, which deals with the earliest and main core of Jeremiah's message. In this chapter, Jeremiah identified the length of the time of exile as seventy years (verses 11-12).

Zechariah 1
Zechariah 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it forms a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets. As the first of the 14 chapters in the book, this chapter is a part of a section (so-called "First Zechariah") consisting of Zechariah 1-8. It records an introduction and the first two of the eight visions received by the prophet. These visions are the book's primary and most distinctive feature, with a highly literary and standardized format, structured in a concentric pattern.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (19 May 1762 – 29 January 1814) was a German philosopher who became a founding figure of German idealism, which developed from the theoretical and ethical writings of Immanuel Kant.

Fichte is an important philosopher in his own right due to his original insights into the nature of self-consciousness or self-awareness. Fichte was also the originator of thesis–antithesis–synthesis, an idea that is often erroneously attributed to Hegel.

Like Descartes and Kant before him, Fichte was motivated by the problem of subjectivity and consciousness. Fichte also wrote works of political philosophy; he has a reputation as one of the fathers of German nationalism.

An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation
An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation (German: Versuch einer Critik aller Offenbarung; 1792) was the first published work by Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Fichte went to visit Immanuel Kant on 4 July 1791 and his first interview did not go well, so he wrote An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation in order to impress him. An impressed Kant then asked his publisher to print it. It was briefly mistaken by the public to be a fourth Critique by Kant, as the work was initially published with no author or preface. After Fichte was revealed as the book's author, Fichte received praise and attention in the world of German philosophy.

In this work, Fichte argued that any revelation in relation to God must be consistent with morality, which was against many aspects of orthodox Christian belief at the time.
Curie's law
For many paramagnetic materials, the magnetization of the material is directly proportional to an applied magnetic field, for sufficiently high temperatures and small fields. However, if the material is heated, this proportionality is reduced. For a fixed value of the field, the magnetic susceptibility is inversely proportional to temperature, that is

where

is the (volume) magnetic susceptibility,

is the magnitude of the resulting magnetization (A/m),

is the magnitude of the applied magnetic field (A/m),

is absolute temperature (K),

is a material-specific Curie constant (K).

Pierre Curie discovered this relation, now known as Curie's law, by fitting data from experiment. It only holds for high temperatures and weak magnetic fields. As the derivations below show, the magnetization saturates in the opposite limit of low temperatures and strong fields. If the Curie constant is null, other magnetic effects dominate, like Langevin diamagnetism or Van Vleck paramagnetism.

Brillouin and Langevin functions
The Brillouin and Langevin functions are a pair of special functions that appear when studying an idealized paramagnetic material in statistical mechanics. These functions are named after French physicists Paul Langevin and Léon Brillouin who contributed to the microscopic understanding of magnetic properties of matter.

The Langevin function is derived using statistical mechanics, and describes how magnetic dipoles are aligned by an applied field. The Brillouin function was developed later to give an explanation that considers quantum physics. The Langevin function could then be a seen as a special case of the more general Brillouin function if the quantum number  would be infinite ().
Nakajima Ki-115
The Nakajima Ki-115 Tsurugi (剣; "sabre") is a single-seat aircraft that was developed specifically for kamikaze use by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force during the closing stages of World War II in 1945. The Imperial Japanese Navy called this aircraft Tōka (藤花, "Wisteria Blossom").

Nakajima Sakae
The Nakajima Sakae (栄, Glory) was a two-row, 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine used in a number of combat aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II.
Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation
Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation PLC (ENRC) was a public, Kazakhstan/Central African-focused, multinational leading diversified natural resources company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It had activities in integrated mining, processing, energy, logistics and marketing.

ENRC was formed in 1994, listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2006, and delisted after a near six-year spell in November 2013. A secondary listing and subsequent de-listing also took place on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange.

ENRC is now a fully owned subsidiary of the Eurasian Resources Group (ERG), a private natural resources company headquartered in Luxembourg. This private company incorporates the assets of former FTSE-100 group, ENRC PLC, which it acquired in November 2013.

First Quantum Minerals
First Quantum Minerals is a Canadian-based mining and metals company whose principal activities include mineral exploration, development and mining. Its main product is copper, which accounts for 80% of revenues as of 2016.

First Quantum's common shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada (symbol "FM"). Until 2016, First Quantum also maintained a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange (symbol "FQM"), in the United Kingdom.
Delores Holmes
Delores Holmes (July 18, 1946 – April 16, 2010) was an American soul singer. She was best known for her years as backup singer for the Bruce Springsteen Band during 1969 to 1972, the last grouping before the E Street Band. The Bruce Springsteen Band included David Sancious, Vini Lopez, Garry Tallent and Steven Van Zandt, among others.

Vini Lopez
Vincent Lopez (born January 22, 1949), nicknamed Mad Dog, is an American drummer. Between 1968 and 1974, he backed Bruce Springsteen in several bands, including Steel Mill and the E Street Band. He also played on Springsteen's first two albums, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. and The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle. Both during and after his time with the E Street Band, Lopez played drums with numerous Jersey Shore bands.

In April 2014, Lopez was inducted by Springsteen into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.
Assuwa
Assuwa (Hittite: 𒀸𒋗𒉿, romanized: aš-šu-wa) was a region of Bronze Age Anatolia located west of the Kızılırmak River. It was mentioned in Aegean, Anatolian and Egyptian inscriptions but is best known from Hittite records describing a league of 22 towns or states that rebelled against Hittite authority. It disappears from history during the fifteenth century BC.

Lukka lands
The Lukka lands (sometimes Luqqa lands) were an  ancient region of Anatolia. They are known from Hittite and Egyptian texts, which viewed them as hostile. It is commonly accepted that the Bronze Age toponym Lukka is cognate with the Lycia of classical antiquity.