hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ilići
Ilići is a suburban neighborhood of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, centered on the main strip of Ilićka Street immediately west of downtown and extending until the spring of Radobolja river.

Ilići is located at 43.3472 N, 17.7681 E, at an average elevation of 90 metres.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Fort of Monsanto
The Fort of Monsanto, also known as the Marquês de Sá da Bandeira Fort, is located at the top of the Monsanto hill in the Monsanto Forest Park, in Lisbon, Portugal. Built at the end of the 19th century as part of Lisbon's Campo Entrincheirado (Entrenched Field) defensive ring around the city, the fort is now a maximum-security prison.

Campo Entrincheirado
The Campo Entrincheirado (Entrenched Field) is a group of fortifications built at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century to protect the Portuguese capital, Lisbon, against invasion. It followed the boundaries of the city at that time.
Architecture of Serbia
The architecture of Serbia has a long, rich and diverse history. Some of the major European style from Roman to Postmodern are demonstrated, including renowned examples of Raška, Serbo-Byzantine with its revival, Morava, Baroque, Classical and Modern architecture, with prime examples in Brutalism and Streamline Moderne.

Centuries of turbulent history of Serbia caused a great regional diversity and favored vernacular architecture. This made for a heterogeneous and diverse architectural style, with architecture differing from town to town.  While this diversity may still be witnessed in small towns, the devastation of architectural heritage in the larger cities during World War II, and subsequent socialist influence on architecture resulted in specific mix of architectural styles.

Studenica Monastery
The Studenica Monastery (Serbian: Манастир Студеница / Manastir Studenica, pronounced [mânastiːr studɛ̌nit͡sa]) is a 12th-century Serbian Orthodox monastery situated 39 kilometres (24 mi) southwest of Kraljevo and 40.9 kilometres (25.4 mi) east of Ivanjica, in central Serbia.

Studenica was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1979, and is protected by the Republic of Serbia. In 1986 UNESCO included Studenica monastery on the list of World Heritage Sites, with the description:

The Studenica Monastery was established in the late 12th century by Stefan Nemanja, founder of the medieval Serb state, shortly after his abdication. It is the largest and richest of Serbia's Orthodox monasteries. Its two principal monuments, the Church of the Virgin and the Church of the King, both built of white marble, enshrine priceless collections of 13th- and 14th-century Byzantine painting.
Denise Smyler
Denise J. Smyler is an American attorney and former General Counsel of Pennsylvania, who served on the executive staff of Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf. She was previously a member of the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority Board and an assistant district attorney.

The first female counsel to a Philadelphia police commissioner and the first female to serve as counsel to a Philadelphia prison commissioner, she was also the third woman and first African American to be appointed as Pennsylvania's general counsel.

In December 2019, she was appointed by Wolf to the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board.

Pennsylvania Office of General Counsel
Pennsylvania Governor's Office of General Counsel is an executive-level agency in Pennsylvania providing legal services to all executive agencies, boards, and commissions and select independent agencies of the Government of Pennsylvania. It is governed by the Commonwealth Attorneys Act of 1980.
Manuel Pérez de Guzmán (landowner)
Manuel Valentín Pérez de Guzmán y Lasarte (14 February 1863 – 8 January 1920) was a Spanish landowner who served as the president of the Port of Huelva, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Real Sociedad Colombina.

He is best known for his stint as vice president of Recreativo de Huelva during the presidency of William Alexander Mackay. All of his sons were footballers of some sort and most of them were notable and successful in some way, from club presidents and mayors to creators of fandango.

Recreativo de Huelva
Real Club Recreativo de Huelva, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [reˈal ˈkluβ rekɾeaˈtiβo ðe ˈwelβa]) is a Spanish football club based in Huelva, Andalucia, Spain. Founded on 18 December 1889, they are the oldest football club in Spain, and currently play in Segunda Federación – Group 4, holding home games at Estadio Nuevo Colombino, which has a 21,670 seating-capacity.

Team colours are white shirts with blue vertical stripes and white shorts.
The Seagull (theatre)
The Seagull is a theatre and cinema in Pakefield, a suburb of Lowestoft in Suffolk, run almost entirely by volunteers from the local community. It plays host to regional and national touring theatre companies as well as films and other acts, and runs its own production company known as The Seagull Rep. The slogan for The Seagull is "Transforming the Community through the Arts".

The venue has a main auditorium seating of 112 including space for wheelchair users, as well as a recording studio, dance studio and bar. The venue also has on-site car parking.

Lowestoft
Lowestoft (/ˈloʊ(ɪ)stɒft, ˈloʊstəf/ LOH-(ih)-stoft, LOH-stəf) is a coastal town and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. As the most easterly UK settlement, it is 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Ipswich and 22 miles (35 km) south-east of Norwich, and the main town in its district. Its development grew with the fishing industry and as a seaside resort with wide sandy beaches. As fishing declined, oil and gas exploitation in the North Sea in the 1960s took over. In 2021 the built-up area had a population of 71,327 and the parish had a population of 47,879.
Golden Easter Egg
The Golden Easter Egg is an Australian Group 1 greyhound race held annually at Sydney's Wentworth Park racetrack in Glebe. Held annually on Easter Saturday it carries Group 1 status from AGRA, the code's racing regulator. The Golden Easter Egg carnival is in fact held over three weekends, commencing with heat events (8 in total), then followed by Semi Finals week (4 in total) and the Final Event in the third week. The first and second placegetters from the four semi final events fill the places in the final.

Prize money of around $1,000,000 ($350,000 to the winner in 2024) making it one the richest greyhound carnivals in Australia.

Wentworth Park
Wentworth Park is a park near the suburbs of Glebe and Ultimo in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The park contains several multi-purpose sporting pitches, cricket nets and a number of fitness installations. There is a playground in the southern area of the park and seating for picnics. Public toilets are next to the sports field.

In the centre of the park is the Wentworth Park Sporting Complex.

On 9 December 2025, New South Wales premier Chris Minns announced that the site will be redeveloped to provide for extra housing. This means that the greyhound racing track will close from late 2027.
HCL color space
HCL (hue–chroma–luminance) or LCh refers to any of the many cylindrical color space models that are designed to accord with human perception of color with the three parameters. Lch has been adopted by information visualization practitioners to present data without the bias implicit in using varying saturation. They are, in general, designed to have characteristics of both cylindrical translations of the RGB color space, such as HSL and HSV, and the L*a*b* color space.

CIELAB color space
The CIELAB color space, also referred to as L*a*b*, is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE) in 1976. It expresses color as three values: L* for perceptual lightness and a* and b* for the four unique colors of human vision: red, green, blue and yellow.  CIELAB was intended as a perceptually uniform space, where a given numerical change corresponds to a similar perceived change in color. While the LAB space is not truly perceptually uniform, it nevertheless is useful in industry for detecting small differences in color.

Like the CIEXYZ space it derives from, CIELAB color space is a device-independent, "standard observer" model. The colors it defines are not relative to any particular device such as a computer monitor or a printer, but instead relate to the CIE standard observer which is an averaging of the results of color matching experiments under laboratory conditions.
Vassås Bridge
The Vassås Bridge (Norwegian: Vassås bru) is a cantilever bridge that crosses the Osan fjord in Bindal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The bridge is part of Norwegian County Road 1 and it connects the villages of Vassås and Terråk. The Vassås Bridge was opened in 1980 and is 400 metres (1,300 ft) long with a main span of 160 metres (520 ft).

Vassås
Vassås is a small village in Bindal Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located along the Tosen arm of the Bindalsfjorden, just north of the Vassås Bridge which connects the village to the larger village of Terråk. The village of Åbygda lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast. This is also the site of Vassås Church, the parish church for this part of Bindal.
Gilded Chopsticks
Gilded Chopsticks (Chinese: 食為奴; Jyutping: sik6 wai6 nou4; Cantonese Yale: sihk waih nòuh; literally "Eat to be Enslaved") is a 2014 Hong Kong historical fiction television serial produced by TVB. Set during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor in the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, the serial follows the adventures of a lazy but gifted "golden-tongued" imperial chef Ko Tin-po (Wong Cho-lam), whose clumsy activities lead him to befriend the Yongzheng Emperor (Ben Wong) during an imperial struggle for the Qing throne. The story is inspired by Jin Yong's wuxia novel The Deer and the Cauldron.

Helmed by executive producer Wong Wai-sing, 25 episodes of the serial were produced. Production began in Hong Kong in March 2013. The serial was also shot on locations at Hengdian World Studios.

Empress Xiaogongren
Empress Xiaogongren (28 April 1660 – 25 June 1723), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Mother Renshou during the reign of her son and posthumously honoured as empress, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
Valsøyfjord Hydroelectric Power Station
The Valsøyfjord Hydroelectric Power Station (Norwegian: Valsøyfjord kraftverk) is a hydroelectric power station near the village of Valsøyfjord in Heim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It stands downstream from the Grytdalen Hydroelectric Power Station and is a run-of-river plant that utilizes a 187-meter (614 ft) drop on the Grytåa River. The river flows from the lake Englivatnet, which is regulated between 243 meters (797 ft) and 235 meters (771 ft), to the Valsøyfjorden. The plant has an average annual production of about 17 gigawatt-hours (61 TJ). The new plant came into operation in 1994, and is owned by Svorka Energi.

Svorka Energi
Svorka Energi AS is a Norwegian power company owned by Surnadal Municipality (41%), Heim Municipality (17%), Rindal Municipality (17%), and Møre og Romsdal county (25%). Its registered office is at Skei. The company's annual sales are approximately 200 million kr. The company is headed by Halvard Fjeldvær, who succeeded Erlend Eriksen in 2013.

The company consists of:

Svorka Produksjon AS (a power generation company)

Svorka Energi AS (a power supplier)

Svorka Aksess (an internet service provider)
Date and time notation in Canada
Date and time notation in Canada combines conventions from the United Kingdom, conventions from the United States, and conventions from France, often creating confusion. The Government of Canada specifies the ISO 8601 format for all-numeric dates (YYYY-MM-DD; for example, 2025-10-20). It recommends writing the time using the 24-hour clock (01:56) for maximum clarity in both Canadian English and Canadian French, but also allows the 12-hour clock (1:56 a.m.) in English.

Date and time notation in the United States
Date and time notation in the United States differs from that used in nearly all other countries. It is inherited from one historical branch of conventions from the United Kingdom. American styles of notation have also influenced customs of date notation in Canada, creating confusion in international commerce.

In traditional American usage, dates are written in the month–day–year order (e.g. February 27, 2026) with a comma before and after the year if it is not at the end of a sentence, and time is written in 12-hour notation (e.g. 4:55 pm).

International date and time formats typically follow the ISO 8601 format (2026-02-27) for all-numeric dates, write the time using the 24-hour clock (16:55), and notate the date using a day–month–year format (27 February 2026). These forms are increasingly common in American professional, academic, technological, military, and other internationally oriented environments.
BL 15-inch howitzer
The Ordnance BL 15-inch howitzer was developed by the Coventry Ordnance Works late in 1914 in response to the success of its design of the 9.2-inch siege howitzer.

The howitzer was cumbersome to deploy, since it was transported in several sections by giant Foster-Daimler tractors.

Coventry Ordnance Works
Coventry Ordnance Works was a British manufacturer of heavy guns particularly naval artillery jointly owned by Cammell Laird & Co of Sheffield and Birkenhead, Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan, Glasgow and John Brown & Company of Clydebank and Sheffield. Its core operations were from a 60-acre (24 ha) site in Stoney Stanton Road in the English city of Coventry, Warwickshire.

At the end of 1918 it became a principal constituent of a brand new enterprise English Electric Company Limited. After World War II the works made electricity-generating machinery and heavy machine tools.
Arcadia Unified School District
The Arcadia Unified School District (AUSD) is a school district located in Arcadia, California. The district consists of six elementary schools: Holly Avenue, Longley Way, Baldwin Stocker, Camino Grove, Highland Oaks, and Hugo Reid; three middle schools: Richard Henry Dana Middle School, Foothills Middle School, and First Avenue Middle School; and one high school: Arcadia High School.

First Avenue Middle School (California)
First Avenue Middle School is a three-year comprehensive intermediate public school located in the city of Arcadia, California. The school teaches grades 6 to 8, although it had previously accounted for grades 9-12 as well. The school is part of the Arcadia Unified School District along with two other middle schools. Students who graduate from First Avenue Middle School are sent off to Arcadia High School.

First Avenue Middle School was the first ever learning center to be opened within the city of Arcadia, first opening in 1907 as a schoolhouse.

The school has a staff of 50, with a principal, assistant principal, and over 30 full-time teachers.

In 2024, First Avenue Middle School was recognized as a California Distinguished School by the California Department of Education. First Avenue Middle School also has a GreatSchools rating of 8 out of 10.
Ferredoxin—nitrite reductase
In enzymology, a ferredoxin—nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

NH3 + 2 H2O + 6 oxidized ferredoxin  nitrite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 7 H+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are NH3, H2O, and oxidized ferredoxin, whereas its 3 products are nitrite, reduced ferredoxin, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ammonia:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen assimilation.  It has 3 cofactors: iron, Siroheme,  and Iron-sulfur.

This enzyme can use many different isoforms of ferredoxin. In photosynthesizing tissues, it uses ferredoxin that is reduced by PSI and in the root it uses a form of ferredoxin (FdIII) that has a less negative midpoint potential and can be reduced easily by NADPH.

Siroheme
Siroheme (or sirohaem) is a heme-like prosthetic group at the active sites of some enzymes to accomplish the six-electron reduction of sulfur and nitrogen.  It is a cofactor at the active site of sulfite reductase, which plays a major role in sulfur assimilation pathway, converting sulfite into sulfide, which can be incorporated into the organic compound homocysteine.
Chris Billam-Smith
Chris Billam-Smith (born 2 August 1990) is an English professional boxer. He held the World Boxing Organization (WBO) cruiserweight title from 2023 to 2024. At regional level, he held the European, British, and Commonwealth cruiserweight titles between 2019 and 2022.

Tommy McCarthy (boxer)
Tommy McCarthy (born 4 November 1990) is an Irish former professional boxer who held the European cruiserweight title. As an amateur he won the silver medal for Northern Ireland in the light-heavyweight division at the 2010 Commonwealth Games and a bronze medal for Ireland at the 2008 Youth World Championships.
Big Flats, New York
Big Flats is a town in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 7,822 at the 2020 census. The town is on the western border of the county, west of Elmira.  It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town contains a hamlet also named Big Flats.

National Soaring Museum
The National Soaring Museum (NSM) is an aviation museum whose stated aim is to preserve the history of motorless flight. It is located in Big Flats Town, New York, on top of Harris Hill near Elmira.

The NSM is the Soaring Society of America's official repository. In 1975, the SSA Board of Directors transferred the Soaring Hall of Fame to the National Soaring Museum.

The museum features a large collection of vintage and historical gliders.

The museum also administers the National Landmark of Soaring program to recognize people, places and events which are significant in the history of motorless aviation.
Vilém II of Pernštejn
Vilém II of Pernštejn (German: Wilhelm II. von Pernstein or Wilhelm II. von Bernstein, Czech: Vilém II. z Pernštejna or Vilém z Pernštejna a na Helfštejně; 1438 – 8 April 1521) was a Czech nobleman. He held the office of High Treasurer of Moravia from 1474 to 1487. He was High Marshall of Bohemia from 1483 to 1490 and Lord Chamberlain of Bohemia from 1490 to 1514.

Pardubice
Pardubice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ⓘ; German: Pardubitz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.

Pardubice is known as a centre of industry, with dominant industries being the chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. The city is also well known for its sporting events, which include the Velká pardubická (a cross-country steeplechase), the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival.
Nabeshima Motoshige
Nabeshima Motoshige (鍋島 元茂, Nabeshima Motoshige; November 24, 1602 – December 19, 1654) was a Japanese daimyō of the Edo Period, who ruled the Ogi Domain.

He was the eldest son of Nabeshima Katsushige, the first lord of Saga Domain. Although he was the eldest son of Nabeshima clan, he was displaced in the line of succession for Saga Domain by his younger half-brother, Tadanao, whose mother was a daughter of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu, while his mother was a peasant woman named Oiwa. When his brother died, the office was succeeded by his nephew Mitsushige. He was a wise advisor to the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu and served as a chief retainer to Lord Nabeshima of Hizen.

In 1642, Ogi Domain was founded and Motoshige became its first daimyō.

He died in the third year of Jōō (1654), and his son, Naoyoshi, succeeded him.

Ogi Domain
Ogi Domain (小城藩, Ogi-han) was a Japanese domain of the Edo period.  It was  a sub-domain of Saga Domain.  The headquarters of the domain were initially within the Nishi-no-maru of Saga Castle; later a jin'ya was erected in what is now the city of Ogi. It was ruled by a cadet branch of the tozama daimyō Nabeshima clan for all of its history.
Tystigbreen
Tystigbreen is a glacier in that is located in the Strynefjellet mountains of Norway. The glacier sits along the border between Stryn Municipality in Vestland county and Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county. The 21-square-kilometre (8.1 sq mi) glacier is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the lake Oppstrynsvatnet. The Norwegian National Road 15 passes the northwest side of the glacier. The mountains Kvitlenova and Mårådalsfjellet lie on the east side of the glacier. A summer ski center is located at the glacier.

Skjåk Municipality
Skjåk is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bismo. Most of the municipal residents live in the Billingsdalen and Ottadalen valleys along the river Otta. The local newspaper is named Fjuken.

The 2,075.5-square-kilometre (801.4 sq mi) municipality is the 33rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Skjåk Municipality is the 273rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,179. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Bondage (play)
Bondage is a 1992 play by American playwright David Henry Hwang. It deals with issues of race and racial stereotypes by placing a fully disguised man and woman in an S & M parlor engaging in sexual raceplay.

The play premiered as part of the Actors Theatre of Louisville's Humana Festival on March 1, 1992. It was shown in tandem with Suzan-Lori Parks' short play Devotees in the Garden of Love under the title Rites of Mating. It was directed by Oskar Eustis and featured B. D. Wong and Hwang's wife Kathryn Layng.

Bondage is published as part of Trying to Find Chinatown: The Selected Plays by Theatre Communications Group. and also in an acting edition published by Dramatists Play Service.

David Henry Hwang
David Henry Hwang (born August 11, 1957) is an American playwright, librettist, screenwriter, and theater professor at Columbia University in New York City. He has won three Obie Awards for his plays  FOB, Golden Child, and Yellow Face. He has one Tony Award (M. Butterfly) and three other nominations (Golden Child, Flower Drum Song, and Yellow Face). Three of his works (M. Butterfly, Yellow Face, and Soft Power) have been finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.