hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaerwen railway station
Gaerwen railway station is a disused railway station situated on the North Wales Coast Line. It served the village of Gaerwen in Anglesey, North West Wales. It served as a junction for the Anglesey Central Railway and Red Wharf Bay Branch lines.

Gaerwen
Gaerwen (Welsh pronunciationⓘ) is a village on the island of Anglesey in the community of Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog in Wales.  It is located in the south of the island 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Llanfairpwllgwyngyll and 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Llangefni . The A5 runs through the village, and the A55 runs just a few hundred metres north. According to the 2011 Census Gaerwen is now listed by the Office for National Statistics as Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog. The population of the community is 1,551. Gaerwen, Pentre Berw and Llangaffo form a small built up area.

The village gets its name from a combination of the Welsh words Caer (mutated to Gaer), meaning 'fortification', and Wen, meaning 'white'. There are no clear remains of a fort in the area, although the name was originally that of a farm in the area, before becoming the name for the entire settlement.
Sphaeralcea ambigua
Sphaeralcea ambigua is a species of flowering plant commonly known as desert globemallow or apricot mallow, for its predominantly orange blooms. It has fuzzy, grey-green leaves. It is a member of the genus Sphaeralcea in the mallow family (Malvaceae).

It is a perennial shrub native to the Southwestern United States and northwest Mexico. S. ambigua is a prevalent species in desert habitat and helps provide food and habitat for other species

One of its main uses is in native, pollinator, or drought-tolerant gardens, but it is also used by the Shoshoni peoples as a medicinal plant and as a buffer against invasive species.

Sphaeralcea
Sphaeralcea is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family (Malvaceae). There are about 40-60 species, including annuals, perennials, and shrubs. Most originate in the drier regions of North America, with some known from South America. They are commonly known as globemallows, globe mallows, false mallows or falsemallows. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek words σφαῖρα (sphaira), meaning "sphere," and αλκεα (alkea), meaning "mallow."

The leaves of these plants are spirally arranged, and usually palmate or toothed. Both stems and leaves are downy. Like other Malvaceae, the flowers are saucer- or cup-shaped, with the stamens joined into a column in the center.

Sphaeralcea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Schinia olivacea, which has been recorded on S. lindheimeri.
Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata is a species originating in the tropical Americas which is cultivated for edible flesh, flowers, greens, and seeds. It includes cultivars known in English as squash or pumpkin. Cultivars of C. moschata are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than squash of other domesticated species. C. moschata also exhibit a greater resistance to certain disease and insects, notably including to the squash vine borer. Commercially-made pumpkin pie mix is most often made from varieties of C. moschata.

Winter squash
Winter squash is an annual fruit representing several species of squash within the genus Cucurbita – odd-shaped, rough or warty, late-growing varieties, less symmetrical, small to medium in size, but with long-keeping qualities and hard rinds.  They differ from summer squash in that they are harvested and eaten in the mature stage when their seeds within have matured fully and their skin has hardened into a tough rind. At this stage, most varieties of this vegetable can be stored for use during the winter. Winter squash is generally cooked before being eaten, and the skin or rind is not usually eaten as it is with summer squash.
Little Bow River
The Little Bow River is a tributary of the Oldman River in southern Alberta, Canada. It is about 190 kilometres (120 mi) long. From its headwaters near High River, it flows south, then turns east and flows into Travers Reservoir. Afterwards, it flows southeast into the Oldman River near Picture Butte. The Little Bow is related to the Bow River as they both ultimately feed the South Saskatchewan River.

Water is diverted from the Highwood River and Bow River into the Little Bow as part of the Little Bow Project to facilitate irrigation practices in the surrounding plain.

Oldman River
The Oldman River is a river in southern Alberta, Canada. It flows roughly west to east from the Rocky Mountains, through the communities of Fort Macleod, Lethbridge, and on to Grassy Lake, where it joins the Bow River to form the South Saskatchewan River, which eventually drains into the Hudson Bay.

Oldman River has a total length of 362 kilometres (225 mi) and a drainage area of 26,700 km2 (10,300 sq mi).
Claydon, Suffolk
Claydon is a village just north of Ipswich in Suffolk, England. The meaning of the name is "clay-on-the-hill".

The village gives its name to the hundred of Bosmere-and-Claydon, one of the 21 administrative districts into which Suffolk was divided for administrative purposes between Saxon and Victorian times.

Bosmere and Claydon Hundred
Bosmere and Claydon was a hundred of Suffolk, consisting of 31,850 acres (128.9 km2).

The hundred is a fertile and picturesque district varying from 8 to about 12 miles (19 km) in length and breadth. It is bounded on the south by the Borough of Ipswich and Samford Hundred, on the west by Cosford and Stow Hundreds on the north by Hartismere and Thredling Hundreds and on the east by Carlford Hundred. It falls in the Deaneries of Bosmere and Claydon in the Archdeaconry of Suffolk and Diocese of Norwich.

Its clay soil has long been associated with agriculture, and is suited to grain production. It is crossed by the River Gipping which becomes the River Orwell at Ipswich on becoming an estuary. Its main settlement is the town of Needham Market.

The hundred's name is taken from the parish of Claydon which falls within its bounds, and Bosmere, originally "Bosa's mere", a small lake near Needham Market in the grounds of Bosmere Hall.
Frederick M. Trapnell
Frederick Mackay Trapnell (July 9, 1902 – January 30, 1975) was a United States Navy admiral and aviation pioneer.  Trapnell was the first US Navy pilot to fly a jet aircraft, was considered the best, most experienced naval test aviator of his generation, co-founded the branch's first test pilot school, and played a pivotal role in both the development of future Naval aircraft and the survival of the post-World War II Navy's air arm. In 2015, Trapnell was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.

Trapnell was also a cousin of Bataan Death March survivor, LTG Thomas J. H. Trapnell and his nephew, the noted hijacker, Garrett Brock Trapnell.

Thomas J. H. Trapnell
Thomas John Hall "Trap" Trapnell (23 November 1902 – 13 February 2002) was a United States Army lieutenant general. He was a career officer who served in World War II and the Korean War. Trapnell survived the Bataan Death March and the sinking of two transportation ships during World War II, put down a rebellion of prisoners of war in the Korean War, was the top US advisor to the French during the French Indochina War, and advised against US involvement in Vietnam. He rose to the rank of three-star general before his military retirement and, at the time of his death, was the oldest living member of the Philippine Scouts.
QM–AM–GM–HM inequalities
In mathematics, the QM–AM–GM–HM inequalities, also known as the mean inequality chain, state the relationship between the harmonic mean (HM), geometric mean (GM), arithmetic mean (AM), and quadratic mean (QM; also known as root mean square). Suppose that  are positive real numbers. Then

In other words, QM≥AM≥GM≥HM. These inequalities often appear in mathematical competitions and have applications in many fields of science.

Harmonic mean
In mathematics, the harmonic mean is a kind of average, one of the Pythagorean means.

It is sometimes used for ratios and rates such as speeds, and is normally used for positive arguments only.

The harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the numbers, that is, the generalized f-mean with . For example, the harmonic mean of 1, 4, and 4 is
K.St.V. Askania-Burgundia
Katholischer Studentenverein Askania-Burgundia (Catholic Students Society Askania-Burgundia), also known as K.St.V. Askania-Burgundia, is a Roman Catholic student society in Germany. It is the founding fraternity of the Kartellverband katholischer deutscher Studentenvereine (KV).  It is a Catholic Studentenverbindung. The headquarters of Askania-Burgundia are located in Berlin, Germany. Based on the Roman Catholic faith, Askania-Burgundia strictly refuses academic fencing. Its members do not wear couleur. Askania-Burgundia's principles are religio (religion), scientia (science), and amicitia (friendship).

Kartellverband
Kartellverband katholischer deutscher Studentenvereine (English: Cartel Association of Catholic German Student Societies) is a German academic corporate association with eighty member corporations in Germany, Austria, Belgium, and Switzerland. It was incorporated November 29, 1865.

As of February 2026, it is the second-largest association of Catholic students and graduates in Germany and has 16,000 members in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
522 Helga
522 Helga, provisional designation 1904 NC is a large main belt asteroid (minor planet). It was discovered in 1904 by Max Wolf in Heidelberg. Helga is notable for being the first such object to be shown to be in a stable but chaotic orbit in a 7:12 resonance with Jupiter, its Lyapunov time being relatively short, at 6,900 yr. Despite this, its orbit appears to be stable, as the eccentricity and precession rates are such that it avoids close encounters with Jupiter. It forms part of the Cybele asteroid group.

522 Helga was "named by Lt. Th. Lassen, orbit computer" according to Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets (note that computer does not refer to a personal computer, i.e. a machine, but rather to a person actually doing the necessary calculations).

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Traffic message channel
Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to motor vehicle drivers. It is digitally coded using the ALERT C or TPEG protocol into Radio Data System (RDS) carried via conventional FM radio broadcasts. It can also be transmitted on Digital Audio Broadcasting or satellite radio. TMC allows silent delivery of dynamic information suitable for reproduction or display in the user's language without interrupting audio broadcast services. Both public and commercial services are operational in many countries. When data is integrated directly into a navigation system, traffic information can be used in the system's route calculation.

TomTom
TomTom N.V. is a Dutch multinational developer and creator of location technology and consumer electronics. Founded in 1991 and headquartered in Amsterdam, TomTom released its first generation of satellite navigation devices to market in 2004. As of 2019, the company has over 4,500 employees worldwide and operations in 29 countries throughout Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Americas.
1984 Carson–Newman Eagles football team
The 1984 Carson–Newman Eagles football team was an American football team that represented Carson–Newman College (renamed Carson–Newman University in 2012) as a member of the South Atlantic Conference (SAC) during the 1984 NAIA Division I football season. In its fifth year under head coach Ken Sparks, the team compiled a 10–2–1 record (6–1 against conference opponents), won the SAC championship, and tied Central Arkansas in the Champion Bowl to become the NAIA national co-champion.

It was the second of five national championships (1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1989) won by Carson–Newman during the 1980s.

1986 Carson–Newman Eagles football team
The 1986 Carson–Newman Eagles football team was an American football team that represented Carson–Newman College (renamed Carson–Newman University in 2012) as a member of the South Atlantic Conference (SAC) during the 1986 NAIA Division I football season. In its seventh year under head coach Ken Sparks, the team compiled a 12–1 record (6–1 against conference opponents), won the SAC championship, and defeated Cameron in the Champion Bowl to win the NAIA national championship.

It was the third of five national championships (1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1989) won by Carson–Newman during the 1980s.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium (also known as Kasımpaşa Stadium) is a multi-use stadium in the Kasımpaşa neighbourhood of Istanbul, Turkey. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and is the home stadium of Kasımpaşa S.K. The stadium capacity was extended to 14,234 spectators.

Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu
Kasımpaşa (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈkasɯmpaʃa]) is a working-class neighbourhood  on the northern shore of the Golden Horn within the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European side of the city. Once best known for its naval bases and shipyards, it is a rapidly evolving area, likely to be greatly changed by the Haliçport-Tersane Istanbul projects taking shape along its shoreline in 2022.

Adjoining areas include Piyalepaşa, Hasköy and Şişhane to which it is connected by a Metro tunnel. Also nearby are Dolapdere and Kurtuluş which was founded, as Tatavla, by Greek from Chios who chose to leave their homes in Kasımpaşa for higher ground after their church was turned into a mosque. The Golden Horn ferry stops at Kasımpaşa connecting it with Üsküdar, Karaköy, Fener, Balat, Ayvansaray, Eyüp and Sütlüce.

Kasımpaşa is the lowest valued property on the Istanbul Monopoly board game.
Choline
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+. Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate. An essential nutrient for animals, it is a structural component of phospholipids and cell membranes.

Choline is used to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and numerous functions of the nervous system. Choline is involved in early development of the brain, gene expression, cell membrane signaling, and brain metabolism.

Although humans synthesize choline in the liver, the amount produced naturally is insufficient to meet cellular functions, requiring that some choline be obtained from foods or dietary supplements. Foods rich in choline include meats, poultry, eggs, and other animal-based products, cruciferous vegetables, beans, nuts, and whole grains. Choline is present in breast milk and is commonly added as an ingredient to baby foods.

Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (abbreviated PEMT) is a transferase enzyme (EC 2.1.1.17) which converts phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the liver. In humans it is encoded by the PEMT gene within the Smith–Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17.

While the CDP-choline pathway, in which choline obtained either by dietary consumption or by metabolism of choline-containing lipids is converted to PC, accounts for approximately 70% of PC biosynthesis in the liver, the PEMT pathway has been shown to have played a critical evolutionary role in providing PC during times of starvation.  Furthermore, PC made via PEMT plays a wide range of physiological roles, utilized in choline synthesis, hepatocyte membrane structure, bile secretion, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion.
Nile Conference
The Nile Conference is one of the three conferences that make up the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the other two being the Sahara Conference and the Kalahari Conference. All conferences currently consist of four teams.

The conference alignment began in the 2022 season, although plans to have conferences were already set up before the inaugural season. Named after the Nile River, the conference has been played at a single venue thus far, the Hassan Moustafa Sports Hall in Cairo, Egypt for the past two seasons.

Kalahari Conference
The Kalahari Conference is one of the three conferences that make up the Basketball Africa League (BAL), the other two being the Sahara Conference and the Nile Conference. All conferences currently consist of four teams.

The conference was introduced two years after the other two, in the 2024 BAL season.
Mark Stoneking
Mark Stoneking (born 1 August 1956) is a geneticist currently working as the Group Leader of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, of Max Planck Gesellschaft at the University of Leipzig, Germany. He is also Honorary Professor of Biological Anthropology. He works in the field of human evolution, especially the genetic evolution, origin and dispersal of modern humans. He, along with his doctoral advisor Allan Wilson and a fellow researcher Rebecca L. Cann, contributed to the "Out of Africa" theory in 1987 by introducing the concept of Mitochondrial Eve, a hypothetical common mother of all living humans based on mitochondrial DNA.

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (German: Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, shortened to MPI EVA) is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, that was founded in 1997. It is part of the Max Planck Society network.

Well-known scientists currently based at the institute include founding director Svante Pääbo and Johannes Krause (genetics), Christophe Boesch (primatology), Jean-Jacques Hublin (human evolution), Richard McElreath (evolutionary ecology), and Russell Gray (linguistic and cultural evolution).
Space rendezvous
A space rendezvous (/ˈrɒndeɪvuː/) is a set of orbital maneuvers during which two spacecraft, one of which is often a space station, arrive at the same orbit and approach to a very close distance (e.g. within visual contact). Rendezvous requires a precise match of the orbital velocities and position vectors of the two spacecraft, allowing them to remain at a constant distance through orbital station-keeping. Rendezvous may or may not be followed by docking or berthing, procedures which bring the spacecraft into physical contact and create a link between them.

The same rendezvous technique can be used for spacecraft "landing" on natural objects with a weak gravitational field, e.g. landing on one of the Martian moons would require the same matching of orbital velocities, followed by a "descent" that shares some similarities with docking.

Androgynous Peripheral Attach System
The terms Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (APAS), Androgynous Peripheral Assembly System (APAS) and Androgynous Peripheral Docking System (APDS) are used interchangeably to describe a Russian family of spacecraft docking mechanisms, and are also sometimes used as generic names for any docking system in that family. A system similar to APAS-89/95 is used by the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft.
USAID Distinguished Honor Award
The Distinguished Honor Award is an award of the United States Agency for International Development.  Similar versions of the same award exist for the former U.S. Information Agency, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and Department of State.  It is presented to groups or individuals in recognition of exceptionally outstanding service or achievements of marked national or international significance.

The award consists of a gold medal set and a certificate signed by an assistant secretary, an official of equivalent rank or the Mission Director.  Due to the demanding nature of the criteria, the award is not routinely issued.

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
Glossary of American football terms
The following terms are used in American football, both conventional and indoor. Some of these terms are also in use in Canadian football; for a list of terms unique to that code, see Glossary of Canadian football.

History of American football positions
American football positions have slowly evolved over the history of the sport.  From its origins in early rugby football to the modern game, the names and roles of various positions have changed greatly, some positions no longer exist, and others have been created to fill new roles.
Damacio Page
Damacio Page (born September 30, 1982) is an American former professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Bantamweight division. Page competed for the WEC, the UFC, LFA, Pancrase, King of the Cage, and also fought at K-1 Premium Dynamite 2006!!.

Marcos Galvão
Marcos Galvão (born 23 June 1982) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division of the Professional Fighters League. A professional competitor since 2003, Galvão peaked at a global ranking of No. 2 among Bantamweights in August 2007 and has also formerly competed for the WEC, Shooto, Jungle Fight, and Bellator, where he is the former Bantamweight World Champion. Galvao's nickname "Louro" means "blonde" in Portuguese, because he often dyes his hair this color.
Seibu 4000 series
The Seibu 4000 series (西武4000系) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Seibu Railway mainly on Seibu Chichibu Line services in Saitama Prefecture, Japan since 1988.

Seibu Railway
Seibu Railway Company, Ltd. (西武鉄道株式会社, Seibu Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha) is a conglomerate based in Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan, with principal business areas in railways, tourism, and real estate. Seibu Railway's operations are concentrated in northwest Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture; the name "Seibu" is an abbreviation of "west Musashi", referring to the historic name for this area. It and its holding company hold shares of numerous bus, hotel and tourism operations nationwide.
Blue Line (VTA)
The Blue Line is a light rail line in Santa Clara County, California, and part of the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) light rail system. It serves 26 stations entirely in San Jose proper, traveling between Baypointe and Santa Teresa stations, stopping at San Jose International Airport (via a bus connection), Downtown San Jose, San Jose State University, and the Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose along the way. The line connects to Caltrain at Tamien. The Blue Line is one of three lines in the VTA light rail system; the other two being the Green Line and the Orange Line. It runs for 17 miles (27.4 km), making it the system's longest line.

Ohlone/Chynoweth station
Ohlone/Chynoweth station is a light rail station on the VTA light rail system. The station is served by the system's Blue Line.

Until the end of 2019, it served as the terminus of the little-used, stub Ohlone/Chynoweth–Almaden line, popularly known as the Almaden Shuttle. It was part of the original Guadalupe Line, the first segment of light rail from Santa Teresa to Tasman. The shuttle was replaced by the 64A bus line.