hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marcus Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus
Marcus Peducaeus Stloga Priscinus was a Roman senator active during the middle of the second century AD. He was ordinary consul for 141 as the colleague of Titus Hoenius Severus.

Priscinus came of a Republican family, the Peducaei. His father was Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus, ordinary consul in 110. It has often been suggested that Priscinus adopted Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus, ordinary consul in 177; Quintillus was the birth son of Plautius Quintillus, consul in 159. The details of Priscinus' senatorial career have not yet been recovered. He is known only through surviving inscriptions.

An inscription from the Great Theatre at Ephesus mentions a Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus as proconsular governor of Asia, whom professor Géza Alföldy, amongst others, has identified as this Priscinus. However, Ronald Syme denied the identification, attributing the inscription to his father instead.

Peducaea gens
The gens Peducaea, occasionally written Paeducaea or Peducea, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens occur in history from the end of the second century BC, and from then to the time of Antoninus Pius, they steadily increased in prominence.  The first of the Peducaii to obtain the consulship was Titus Peducaeus in 35 BC.
John Pope (artist)
John Pope (1820–1880) was an artist in Boston, Massachusetts, and New York in the 19th century. He painted portraits of W.H. Prescott, Daniel Webster and others. He belonged to the Boston Artists' Association; and exhibited with the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association (1844) and the New England Art Union (1852). Pope kept a studio in Boston's Tremont Temple; around 1857 he moved to New York. He died of illness in New York in 1880. According to one report: "Just before dying he called for his paint brush, and died holding it in his hand."

New England Art Union
The New England Art Union (c. 1848 – 1852) was established in Boston, Massachusetts, for "the encouragement of artists, the promotion of art" in New England and the wider United States. Edward Everett, Franklin Dexter, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow served as officers of the board. The short-lived but lively union ran a public gallery on Tremont Street, and published a journal. Artists affiliated with the union included Chester Harding, Fitz Henry Lane, Alvan Fisher, and other American artists of the mid-19th century.
Sunningwell
Sunningwell is a village and civil parish about 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) south of Oxford, England. The parish includes the village of Bayworth and the eastern part of Boars Hill. The parish was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish population as 904.

Boars Hill
Boars Hill is a hamlet 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Oxford, straddling the boundary between the civil parishes of Sunningwell and Wootton. It consists of about 360 dwellings spread over an area of nearly two square miles as shown on this map from the long established Boars Hill Association.  Historically, it was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire.
Weston Family Foundation
The Weston Family Foundation (formerly The W. Garfield Weston Foundation) is a Canadian charitable foundation that makes grants for the benefit of Canadians.

The Foundation's main funding areas are "healthy ecosystems" and "healthy aging."
In 2023, the foundation made $61.8 million in grant disbursements and had assets of $424 million.

W. Garfield Weston
Willard Garfield Weston OC (26 February 1898 – 22 October 1978) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Weston family. He led George Weston Limited and its various subsidiaries and associated companies, including Associated British Foods, for half a century and established one of the world's largest food processing and distribution concerns. He also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the British House of Commons during World War II.
Scleroderma (fungus)
Scleroderma is a genus of fungi, commonly known as earth balls, now known to belong to the Boletales order, in suborder Sclerodermatineae. The best known species are S. citrinum and S. verrucosum. They are found worldwide.
Various members of this genus are used as inoculation symbionts to colonize and promote the growth of tree seedlings in nurseries. The majority of species are not edible.

The name comes from the Greek sclera meaning hard and derma meaning skin.

Scleroderma verrucosum
Scleroderma verrucosum is a basidiomycete fungus and a member of the genus Scleroderma, or "earth balls". First described scientifically in 1791, the species has a cosmopolitan distribution, and grows in the ground in nutrient-rich, sandy soils.
Ascension: Deckbuilding Game
Ascension: Deckbuilding Game (formerly Ascension: Chronicle of the Godslayer) is a 2010 deck-building card game created by American studio Stone Blade Entertainment (originally known as Gary Games), headed by professional Magic: The Gathering player Justin Gary. The main designers of the game are Justin Gary, Brian Kibler, Rob Dougherty and John Fiorillo. The game is available both in physical and digital formats; the iOS version, developed by Playdek, was released on June 30, 2011, and was later released for Windows on December 16, 2014. Ascension Tactics, a spin-off with similar mechanics, was funded on Kickstarter in August 2020.

Deck-building game
A deck-building game is a card game or board game where construction of a deck of cards is a main element of gameplay. Deck-building games are similar to collectible card games (CCGs) in that each player has their own deck. However, unlike CCGs, the cards are not sold in randomized packs, and the majority of the deck is built during the game, instead of before the game.
Mara Elliott
Mara Woodworth Elliott (born October 3, 1968) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the San Diego City Attorney from 2016 to 2024. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman and the first Latina to hold the position.

San Diego City Attorney
The San Diego City Attorney is an elected official who serves as the chief legal adviser to the City of San Diego. The city attorney is responsible for representing the city government in legal matters and for prosecuting misdemeanor and infractions that occur within city limits. Elected every four years, officeholders may serve up to two terms.

The current city attorney is Heather Ferbert, who has held the office since 2024. She is the second woman to hold the office after her predecessor, Mara Elliott.
Tolon-Kumbungu District
Tolon-Kumbungu District is a former district that was located in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former West Dagomba District Council. However on 28 June 2012, it was split out into two new districts: Tolon District (capital: Tolon) and Kumbungu District (capital: Kumbungu). The district assembly was located in the central part of Northern Region and had Tolon as its capital town.

West Dagomba District
West Dagomba District is a former district council that was located in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1975. However on 1988, it was split off into three new district assemblies: Tamale Municipal District (capital: Tamale), Savelugu-Nanton District (capital: Savelugu) and Tolon-Kumbungu District (capital: Tolon). The district assembly was located in the western part of Northern Region and had Tamale as its capital town.
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands
Return to the Keep on the Borderlands is a 1999 adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.  It is a sequel to the original The Keep on the Borderlands module (B2) from 1979.  Both modules were published by TSR, Inc.

The Keep on the Borderlands
The Keep on the Borderlands is a Dungeons & Dragons adventure module by Gary Gygax, first printed in December 1979.  In it, player characters are based at a keep and investigate a nearby series of caves that are filled with a variety of monsters.  It was designed to be used with the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set, and was included in the 1979–1982 editions of the Basic Set.  It was designed for people new to Dungeons & Dragons.

The Keep on the Borderlands went out of print in the early 1980s, but has been reprinted twice; a sequel was also made.  A novelized version of the adventure was published in 2001.  The module received generally positive reviews, and was ranked the 7th greatest Dungeons & Dragons adventure of all time by Dungeon magazine in 2004.
First London
First London was a bus company operating services in east, west and south-east London, England. It was a subsidiary of FirstGroup and operated buses under contract to Transport for London. It was formed in the late 1990s through the acquisition of three London bus operators. First London's garages were sold off between December 2007 and June 2013 with the last closing in September 2013.

Metroline
Metroline is a bus operator operating primarily in Greater London and partially in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. It is a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro and operates bus services for London Buses under contract to Transport for London. Operations are run under two registered companies, Metroline Travel Limited and Metroline West Limited.
Fariborz Maseeh
Farlborz Maseeh (Persian: فریبرز مسیح : Farīborz Masīh, born 1959) is an Iranian-American engineer primarily focused on micro-electro mechanical systems. He founded IntelliSense in 1991 and sold it in 2000. He also founded the Kids Institute for Development and Advancement (KIDA), a treatment clinic and educational facility for children with autism in Irvine, California; Orbitron LP, a global macro long-short hedge fund; and the Massiah Foundation, a charitable organization where he serves as president. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2023.

Portland State University
Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the next 20 years and was granted university status in 1969. It is one of two public universities in Oregon that are in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. PSU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Portland State comprises seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in 123 fields and postgraduate degrees in 117 fields. As of 2023, the university had a total enrollment of approximately 21,000 students. Its athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings, with school colors of green and white. They compete at the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.
Galdakao
Galdakao (Galdácano) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country.

It is located in the Greater Bilbao, in the valley of the Ibaizabal river, near the Ganguren mountain range. It is surrounded by some summits such as Arrezurriaga (329 m), Txispamendi (221 m) and Santa María (476 m) in the north and Upo (556 m) and Mandoia (640 m) in the south.

It is coterminous with Zamudio, Lezama and Larrabetzu in the north, with Zaratamo and Zeberio in the south, with Amorebieta, Lemona and Bedia in the east and with Etxebarri and Basauri in the west.

Greater Bilbao
Greater Bilbao (Basque: Bilboaldea, Spanish: Gran Bilbao) is an administrative division of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the seven comarcas of Biscay and the most populated. The capital city of Greater Bilbao is Bilbao.

Greater Bilbao is formed by the municipalities situated along the Estuary of Bilbao which themselves form a metropolitan area, the fifth most populous in Spain.
Chūō, Okayama
Chūō (中央町, Chūō-chō) was a town located in Kume District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,188 and a density of 99.72 persons per km2. The total area was 72.08 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Chūō, along with the towns of Asahi and Yanahara (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.

Asahi, Okayama
Asahi (旭町, Asahi-chō) was a town located in Kume District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,382 and a density of 40.75 persons per km2. The total area was 82.99 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Asahi, along with the towns of Chūō and Yanahara (all from Kume District), was merged to create the town of Misaki.
Semsvannet
Semsvannet is a lake in Asker municipality in Akershus county, southwest of Oslo, in Norway. The lake is situated close to, for the Norwegians, famous places such as the ridge Skaugumsåsen, the old cultural house Tangen and Skaugum the official residence of the heir to the throne of Norway, i.e. the crown prince or princess of Norway. The status of Semsvannet as a nature reserve was upgraded when the area was protected as a conservation area October 2, 1992. The lake and its vicinity was elected a millennium site in the year 2000.

Skaugum
Skaugum is an estate, manor house and the official residence of Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway and his wife Crown Princess Mette-Marit. The estate is located in Asker, 19 km (12 mi) southwest of Oslo, by the foot of the mountain Skaugumsåsen. The estate consists of 48 ha (120 acres) of agricultural lands and 50 ha (120 acres) of woodlands. The property occupies a central role in the Høiby affair, where Marius Borg Høiby is alleged to have raped women in the cellar of the main house and hosted so-called "Skaugum festivals" with criminal friends there, where drugs were distributed and consumed.
Yinjian, Anhui
Yinjian (simplified Chinese: 殷涧; traditional Chinese: 殷澗; pinyin: Yīnjiàn) is a town under the administration of Fengyang County, Anhui, China. As of 2023, it administers Baiyunshan Forestry Area (白云山林场), Dayinshan Forestry Area (大银山林场), and the following twelve villages:

Yinbei Village (殷北村)

Fengyin Village (凤殷村)

Qingshan Village (青山村)

Gutang Village (古塘村)

Fengyangshan Village (凤阳山村)

Hongshan Village (洪山村)

Baiyun Village (白云村)

Shajian Village (沙涧村)

Henan Village (河南村)

Songji Village (宋集村)

Xiedian Village (卸店村)

Fengyang County
Fengyang County (simplified Chinese: 凤阳县; traditional Chinese: 鳳陽縣; pinyin: Fèngyáng Xiàn) is a county in north-central Anhui Province, China. It is under the administration of Chuzhou, a prefecture-level city. The county was home to 765,600 people as of 2013.
Three-drum boiler
Three-drum boilers are a class of water-tube boiler used to generate steam, typically to power ships. They are compact and of high evaporative power, factors that encourage this use. Other boiler designs may be more efficient, although bulkier, and so the three-drum pattern was rare as a land-based stationary boiler.

The fundamental characteristic of the "three-drum" design is the arrangement of a steam drum above two water drums, in a triangular layout. Water tubes fill in the two sides of this triangle between the drums, and the furnace is in the centre. The whole assembly is then enclosed in a casing, leading to the exhaust flue.

Firing can be by either coal or oil. Many coal-fired boilers used multiple firedoors and teams of stokers, often from both ends.

Steam drum
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler. It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the water tubes. The drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a phase-separator for the steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water/and saturated-steam into the steam-drum.
Josephine MacLeod
Josephine MacLeod (26 December 1858 – 15 October 1949) was an American friend and devotee of Swami Vivekananda. She had a strong attachment to India and was an active participant in the Ramakrishna Vivekananda movement. She was given the nicknames "Tantine" and "Jo Jo" by Vivekananda. She considered Swami Vivekananda to be her friend and helped him with his finances. MacLeod was not a sanyasin, unlike many others such as Sister Nivedita or Sister Christine. She was instrumental in spreading Vivekananda's message on Vedanta in the West. She made many contributions to the initial and the later phases of the development of the order of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda. She was a contributor to many causes espoused by Sister Nivedita, the most famous disciple of Vivekananda, including that of contributing financially towards the development of the Indian National Movement especially in Bengal and elsewhere in India.

Sister Christine
Sister Christine or Christina Greenstidel (17 August 1866 – 27 March 1930) was a school teacher, and close friend and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. On 24 February 1894, Christine attended a lecture of Vivekananda in Detroit, United States which inspired her. She started communicating with Vivekananda through letters. Christine went to India in 1902 and began working as a school teacher and a social worker.

In 1911, after the death of Vivekananda's disciple Sister Nivedita, Christine took charge of Nivedita's girls' school. Some scholars of Vivekananda's life, including Sister Gargi and Pravrajika Vrajaprana, believe that Vivekananda regarded Christine as his daughter.
Rumen
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants. The rumen and the reticulum make up the reticulorumen in ruminant animals. The diverse microbial communities in the rumen allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed, which is often fiber-rich roughage typically indigestible by mammalian digestive systems. The rumen is known for containing unique microbial networks within its multiple sac compartments to break down nutrients into usable energy and fatty acids.

Microbiota
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, mutualistic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host.

The term microbiome describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or else the microbes themselves.

The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product (short-chain fatty acid), acetate.
Fort of Planoise
The fort of Planoise is a fortification located on the summit of the hill of Planoise, in Besançon (Franche-Comté, France). Although its location was extremely strategic, the fort was not used during either the first or the second World War.

Planoise
Planoise (French pronunciation: [planwaz]) is an urban area in the western part of Besançon, France, built in the 1960s between the hill of Planoise and the district of Hauts-de-Chazal. It is the most populous district of Besançon, with 15,378 inhabitants (2018, 13% of the total inhabitants). Its inhabitants are called Planoisiens and Planoisiennes.

The area is constantly changing and developing. Despite difficult economic and social conditions, Planoise has become a commercial crossroads and a multicultural sector; the area is home to people from over 50 different cultural origins. It is a highly urbanized area (14,000 inhabitants per square kilometer) with few monuments or sites of interest. Still, the area contains notable buildings such as the Departmental archives of Doubs and the Statue of Diversity.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, video and other online material, and may be presented in print or online or both.

The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917, but no award was given that year. It is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win.

As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists. Finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award.

Observer-Dispatch
The Observer-Dispatch, often referred to as The O-D, is a newspaper serving the Utica-Rome metropolitan area in  Central New York, circulating in Oneida County, Herkimer County, and parts of Madison County.  Based in Utica, New York, the publication is owned by USA Today Co..
Koiak 15
Koiak 14 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 16

The fifteenth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 11, of the Julian calendar, and December 24 of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Koiak 16
Koiak 15 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 17

The sixteenth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 12, of the Julian calendar, and December 25 of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.
Pine Point Beach
Pine Point Beach is a four-mile municipal beach located on the northern edge of Saco Bay in Scarborough, Maine, United States. It spans the outlet of the Scarborough River. It has 7,000 feet of sandy ocean frontage. It also includes a sensitive sand dune system and a significant number of nearby commercial and residential buildings.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
Dino Brugioni
Dino Antonio Brugioni (December 16, 1921 – September 25, 2015) was an American intelligence analyst. He was a senior official at the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC), working as an imagery analyst and also serving as NPIC's Chief of Information. During his 35-year career, Brugioni helped establish imagery intelligence (IMINT) as a national asset to solve intelligence problems. Even after retirement, Brugioni was considered to be the world's foremost imagery intelligence analyst.

After retirement, he was active in encouraging the use of declassified photographic intelligence for historical research. His book, Eyeball to Eyeball is an extensive unclassified history of US imagery intelligence.

Imagery intelligence
Imagery intelligence (IMINT), pronounced as either as Im-Int or I-Mint, is an intelligence gathering discipline wherein imagery is analyzed (or "exploited") to identify information of intelligence value. Imagery used for defense intelligence purposes is generally collected via satellite imagery or aerial photography.

As an intelligence gathering discipline, IMINT production depends heavily upon a robust intelligence collection management system. IMINT is complemented by non-imaging MASINT electro-optical and radar sensors.