hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lodenafil
Lodenafil (also known as hydroxyhomosildenafil, trade name Helleva) is a drug belonging to a class of drugs called PDE5 inhibitors, which many other erectile dysfunction drugs such as sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil also belong to. Like udenafil and avanafil, it belongs to a new generation of PDE5 inhibitors.

Lodenafil is formulated as a prodrug in the form of the carbonate ester dimer, lodenafil carbonate, which breaks down in the body to form two molecules of the active drug lodenafil. This formulation has higher oral bioavailability than the parent drug.

It is manufactured by Cristália Produtos Químicos e Farmacêuticos in Brazil and sold there under the brand-name Helleva.

It has undergone Phase III clinical trials, but is not yet approved for use in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

PDE5 inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a vasodilating drug that works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. These drugs dilate the corpora cavernosa of the penis, facilitating erection with sexual stimulation, and are used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil was the first effective oral treatment available for ED. Because PDE5 is also present in the smooth muscle of the walls of the arterioles within the lungs, two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, are FDA-approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. As of 2019, the wider cardiovascular benefits of PDE5 inhibitors are being appreciated.
Nishitama District
Nishitama (西多摩郡, Nishitama-gun; West Tama) is a district located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It comprises the village of Hinohara and the following three towns:

Hinode

Mizuho

Okutama

Historically, the cities of Ōme, Fussa, Hamura, and Akiruno were parts of Nishitama District but these were broken off from the district after they were elevated to city status.

Hinohara
Hinohara (檜原村, Hinohara-mura) is a village located in West Tokyo, the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the village had an estimated population of 2,101, and a population density of 20 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 105.41 square kilometres (40.70 sq mi).

It is the only administrative unit left in the non-insular area of Tokyo that is still classified as a village.
Steps of Seattle
There are approximately 650 public stairways in the American city of Seattle, Washington.

Notable stairways include the Blaine Street Stairs, the Harbor Steps, the Howe Street Stairs, and the Pike Street Hill Climb. There are many public stairways on Queen Anne Hill. The East Republican Street Stairway, an official city landmark, is a remnant of a longer series of stairways connecting the Cascade neigborhood to Capitol Hill, the rest of which was lost to the construction of Interstate 5.

Blaine Street Stairs
The Blaine Street Stairs are an outdoor staircase in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood, in the United States. Adjacent to the Streissguth Gardens and parallel to the Howe Street Stairs, the staircase has 293 steps.
Buk, Police County
Buk [buk] (German: Böck) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobra, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, on the border with Germany. It lies approximately 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Dobra, 15 km (9 mi) west of Police, and 18 km (11 mi) north-west of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 250.

A landmark in Buk is the medieval Gothic Saint Anthony of Padua church.

There is a memorial statue to the writer Elizabeth von Arnim in the village, which is close to Rzędziny, home to von Arnim from 1891 to 1908.

Rzędziny
Rzędziny [ʐɛnˈd͡ʑinɨ] (German: Nassenheide) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobra, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 6 km (4 mi) north-west of Dobra, 16 km (10 mi) west of Police, and 21 km (13 mi) north-west of the regional capital Szczecin.
1971 Copa Perú
The 1971 Copa Perú season (Spanish: Copa Perú 1971), the promotion tournament of Peruvian football.

In this tournament, after many qualification rounds, each one of the 24 departments in which Peru is politically divided qualified a team. Those teams, plus the team relegated from First Division on the last year, enter in two more rounds and finally 6 of them qualify for the Final round, staged in Lima (the capital).

Three teams were promoted to play in 1971 First Division.

1971 Torneo Descentralizado
The 1971 Torneo Descentralizado was the 55th season of the highest division of Peruvian football. The number of teams increased from 14 to 16 teams as four teams gained promotion. The last three teams were relegated from the first division.

The national champion was Universitario. ADO, Octavio Espinosa and Porvenir Miraflores were relegated.
Haw Hill
Haw Hill or Ha' Hill is a mound and scheduled monument in Carlisle Park, Morpeth which was the site of a motte-and-bailey castle, being Morpeth's first castle. The castle was built by the de Merlay family in 1095, originally constructed as a wooden structure, being replaced later by a stone castle in the same location. The stone castle was burnt down by King John in the 13th century and the castle was rebuilt on the adjacent hill, which still stands today as Morpeth Castle.

Carlisle Park, Morpeth
Carlisle Park is a park located on the southern bank of the River Wansbeck in Morpeth, Northumberland. The park has the William Turner Garden, an aviary, a paddling pool, an ancient woodland, tennis courts, several bowling greens and a skate park. The park has one of the only four floral clocks in England, which was restored in 2018. In 2018, a statue of Emily Wilding Davison was erected in Carlisle Park, to commemorate 100 years since women were given the right to vote. The park has been awarded the Green Flag Award, the Love Parks Award in 2017, and 'Best Park' in Northumbria's in bloom competition in 2018.
Olga Danilović
Olga Danilović (Serbian Cyrillic: Олга Даниловић, pronounced [ôːlɡa danǐːloʋitɕ]; born 23 January 2001) is a Serbian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 32 by the WTA, achieved on 14 July 2025 and a best doubles ranking of No. 90, reached on 27 October 2025. She is the current No. 1 Serbian female singles player. Danilović has won two singles titles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour.

On the WTA Challenger Tour, she has won two singles titles and one doubles title. Additionally, she has won seven singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit. Playing for Serbia, Danilović holds a win–loss record of 12–8 in Billie Jean King Cup competition, as of June 2025.

Anastasia Potapova
Anastasia Sergeyevna Potapova (born 30 March 2001) is a Russian-born Austrian professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of No. 21 by the WTA, achieved on 19 June 2023, and a doubles ranking of world No. 40, reached on 5 December 2022. Potapova has won three WTA Tour singles titles along with three doubles titles. She is a former junior world No. 1, and she was the 2016 Wimbledon girls' singles champion.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team
The Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team, recognised as St Vincent and the Grenadines by FIFA, represents Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in men's international football. It is controlled by the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Football Federation.

The team finished second in the Caribbean Cup in 1995, and participated at the 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Its first FIFA World Cup qualification attempt was for the 1994 edition, and it has entered every World Cup qualification since.

Grenada national football team
The Grenada national football team  represents Grenada in men's international football, which is governed by the Grenada Football Association founded in 1924. It has been an affiliate member of FIFA since 1978 and an affiliate member of CONCACAF since 1969. Regionally, it is an affiliate member of CFU in the Caribbean Zone.

Grenada has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, but has qualified for the CONCACAF Gold Cup three times, and has also participated twice in League A and twice in League B of the CONCACAF Nations League. Regionally, the team finished as runners-up in the Caribbean Cup twice (1989 and 2008).
Second Battle of Caloocan
The Second Battle of Caloocan (Filipino: Ikalawang Labanan sa Caloocan, Spanish: Segunda Batalla de Caloocan), alternately called the Second Battle of Manila, was fought from February 22 to 24, 1899, in Caloocan during the Philippine–American War. The battle featured a Filipino counterattack aimed at gaining Manila from the Americans. This counterattack failed to regain Manila mainly because of lack of coordination among Filipino units and lack of artillery support.

Pampanga Battalion
The Pampanga Battalion was a military unit within the Philippine Republican Army, composed of enlisted Filipino soldiers mainly from Bacolor, Pampanga.

It was stationed in the Fourth Zone of Manila in early 1899, under the command of General Pantaleon Garcia and Colonel Enrique Pacheco and saw action in the Battle of Manila in 1899. Elements of the battalion were also involved in the First and Second Battle of Caloocan.
Central vowel
A central vowel (also called a mixed vowel in some older descriptions) is a vowel articulated with the tongue in a position intermediate between that of a front vowel and a back vowel.

The term central refers to an intermediate value on the backness dimension and is not synonymous with mid, which refers to an intermediate value on the height dimension.

In the PHOIBLE 2.0 database (3,020 phoneme inventories), the most frequently reported central-vowel phonemes with dedicated IPA letters are [ə] and [ɨ], occurring in 675 (22%) and 491 (16%) inventories respectively. Other dedicated central-vowel letters such as [ʉ], [ɵ], [ɜ], and [ɞ] are much less common.

Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point. Typically, the comparison is made with a default, unmarked articulation of the same phoneme in a neutral sound environment. For example, the English velar consonant /k/ is fronted before the vowel /iː/ (as in keep) compared to articulation of /k/ before other vowels (as in cool). This fronting is called palatalization.

The relative position of a sound may be described as advanced (fronted), retracted (backed), raised, lowered, centralized, or mid-centralized. The latter two terms are only used with vowels, and are marked in the International Phonetic Alphabet with diacritics over the vowel letter. The others are used with both consonants and vowels, and are marked with iconic diacritics under the letter. Another dimension of relative articulation that has IPA diacritics is the degree of roundedness, more rounded and less rounded.
Track renewal train
A track renewal train (also known as a track renewal system or new track construction machine) is a work train that consists of many units of machinery and materials required for track renewal (rail and sleeper replacement) projects.

Work train
A work train (departmental train or engineering train/vehicles in the UK) is one or more rail cars intended for internal non-revenue use by the railroad's operator.  Work trains serve functions such as track maintenance, maintenance of way, revenue collection, system cleanup and waste removal, heavy duty hauling, and crew member transport.
Phoebe Strole
Phoebe Strole (born January 22, 1983) is an American actress who is best known for originating the role of Anna in the 2006 Broadway musical Spring Awakening.

Strole is an actress graduated from NYU's Tisch School of the Arts in 2006. She has appeared in several stage productions, including Mourning Becomes Electra, Parade, The Metal Children, and Kung Fu. Strole has worked in film and television, starring in Sorority Wars and Hamlet 2, and appearing in shows like Rescue Me, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, 30 Rock, and Glee. She was nominated for a Grammy award in 2008 for Best Musical Show Album for her work in Spring Awakening.

Skylar Astin
Skylar Astin Lipstein (born September 23, 1987) is an American actor and singer. He became known for portraying Jesse Swanson in the musical films Pitch Perfect (2012) and Pitch Perfect 2 (2015). He originated the role of Georg in the Broadway musical Spring Awakening, and has since appeared in films such as Hamlet 2 (2008), Taking Woodstock (2009), Cavemen (2013), and 21 & Over (2013). He played the role of Greg Serrano on the last season of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, a role originally played by Santino Fontana, and Max in the musical dramedy Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist (2020). He played the eponymous role of Todd in the television drama So Help Me Todd, which premiered in September 2022 and concluded on May 16, 2024.
Vanavara Airport
Vanavara Airport (ICAO: UNIW) is an airport in Russia located 2 km northeast of Vanavara. It is a civilian airport with a well-maintained concrete runway and a utilitarian transport layout. The airport was first opened in 1948. The forest clearway is cleared out to 3 km, suggesting that the runway length may have been longer decades ago. A nearby airport is Aksenovo Airport.

Vanavara (rural locality)
Vanavara (Russian: Ванава́ра) is a rural locality (a selo) in Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Podkamennaya Tunguska River at the mouth of the local Vanavarka River. Population:  3,153 (2010 census); 3,313 (2002 census); 5,697 (1989 Soviet census).

Vanavara is notable for being the nearest populated place to the site of the 1908 Tunguska event.
Gladstone Dock
Gladstone Dock is a dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Bootle. The dock is connected to Seaforth Dock to the north and what remains of Hornby Dock to the south. Part of Liverpool Freeport, Gladstone Dock is operated by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company.

Hornby Dock
Hornby Dock was a dock located on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It was situated in the northern dock system in Bootle. It connected to Gladstone Dock to the north and Alexandra Dock to the south and encompassed a sloping quayside.
Akurio language
Akurio, also known as Akuriyó, is an endangered Cariban language. It was used by the Akurio people in Suriname until the late 20th century. The group then began using the Trío language. Akuriyo does not have a writing system.

Cariban languages
The Cariban languages are a family of languages Indigenous to north-eastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes, and they are also spoken in small pockets of central Brazil. The languages of the Cariban family are relatively closely related. There are about three dozen, but most are spoken only by a few hundred people. Macushi is the only language among them with numerous speakers, estimated at 30,000. The Cariban family is well known among linguists partly because one language in the family—Hixkaryana—has a default word order of object–verb–subject. Prior to their discovery of this, linguists presumed that this order did not exist in any spoken natural language.
Burton and Dalby
Burton and Dalby is a civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, to the south of Melton Mowbray.  It covers the villages of Burton Lazars, Great Dalby and Little Dalby and according to the 2001 census had a population of 895, Increasing to 985 at the 2011 census.

Borough of Melton
Melton is a local government district with borough status in north-eastern Leicestershire, England. It is named after its only town, Melton Mowbray. The borough also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. The north of the district includes part of the Vale of Belvoir. Melton is the least populous district of its type and the fourth least populous district in England overall.

The neighbouring districts are Harborough, Charnwood, Rushcliffe, Newark and Sherwood, South Kesteven and Rutland.
Yokoi's Cave
Yokoi's Cave is the cave on the island of Guam in which Imperial Japanese Army Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi hid until he was discovered in 1972. Yokoi and several companions hid in the area for more than 25 years (since Japan's defeat in the 1944 Battle of Guam), two of them died in the cave; their remains were found in the cave after Yokoi's surrender. The original cave was destroyed by a typhoon, so a replica was created near the original cave. The replica bears the same name as the original cave, and is a tourist attraction in Talofofo Falls Resort Park in the village of Talofofo.

The original cave was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Shoichi Yokoi
Shōichi Yokoi (横井 庄一, Yokoi Shōichi; 31 March 1915 – 22 September 1997) was a Japanese soldier who served as a sergeant in the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during the Second World War and was one of the last three Japanese holdouts to be found after the end of hostilities in 1945. He was discovered in the jungles of Guam on 24 January 1972, almost 28 years after U.S. forces had regained control of the island in 1944.
T. Sankunni Menon
Thottakattu Sankunni Menon CSI (21 April 1820 - 1881), also spelt as Shungoony Menon, was an Indian civil servant and administrator who served as the Diwan of the Cochin kingdom from 1860 to 1879. His administration is recognized as a period of development. Sankunni Menon's brother T. Govinda Menon also served as Diwan from 1879 to 1889.

T. Govinda Menon
Thottakattu Govinda Menon (29 August 1823) was an Indian civil servant and administrator who served as the Diwan of Cochin kingdom from 1879 to 1890. He was the younger brother of T. Sankunni Menon. It was during his tenure that the border between Cochin and Travancore kingdoms was settled.Diwan belonged to the well to do Thottakattu family. In memory of the Diwans a structure was constructed by the side of Durbar Hall Road, & it is known by the name Thottakattu Diwans Memorial Hall(TDM Hall). In Ernakulam there are also roads known as Diwans Road and Thottekkat Road. There is also a compound by the name Thottekkat compound by the side of Durbar Hall Road.
Lak language
Lak (лакку маз, [lakːu maz]) is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within the family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six official languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.

Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, also called East Caucasian, Nakh-Daghestani or Vainakh-Daghestani, or sometimes Caspian languages (from the Caspian Sea, in contrast to Pontic languages for the Northwest Caucasian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in Northern Azerbaijan as well as in Georgia and diaspora populations in Western Europe and the Middle East. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages.
Alverstraumen
Alverstraumen is a village in Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at the southern tip of the island of Radøy. The Alversund Bridge connects Alverstraumen to the village of Alversund across the Alverstraumen strait to the east.

The 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) long Alverstraumen strait runs along the eastern side of the village connecting the Radsundet strait to the Radfjorden, and it separates the mainland from the island of Radøy.

Alver Municipality
Alver is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordhordland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Knarvik. Other villages include Alversund, Alver, Isdalstø, Lindås, Ostereidet, Seim, Manger, Askeland, Austmarka, Bøvågen, Haugland, Sæbø, Sletta, Frekhaug, Hjartås, Holme, Io, Krossneset, Meland, and Rossland.

The 679.15-square-kilometre (262.22 sq mi) municipality is the 168th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Alver Municipality is the 37th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 30,169. The municipality's population density is 44.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (115/sq mi) and its population has increased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.
John Ross (missionary)
John Ross (1842–1915), (his Chinese name: Chinese: 羅約翰) was a Scottish Presbyterian missionary to Northeast China who established Dongguan Church in Shenyang.  He is also known for translating the first Korean Bible and being the first to introduce spacing to Korean punctuation.

Bible translations into Korean
Until the 1990s, most Korean Bible translations used old-fashioned, antiquated language. This made it difficult for Christians that preferred colloquial terms to comprehend what the Bible said. By the 1990s, more colloquial and contemporary versions of the Korean Bible translations came about for Christians, which made it easier for them to comprehend and understand the words from the Bible in a more precise way.
Henryk Mandelbaum
Henryk Mandelbaum (15 December 1922 – 17 June 2008) was a Polish Holocaust survivor. He was one of the prisoners in the Sonderkommando KL Auschwitz-Birkenau in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp who worked in the crematory. Only 110 out of 2,000 Sonderkommandos in Auschwitz-Birkenau survived the war. As of the death of Dario Gabbai in 2020, no former Auschwitz-Birkenau Sonderkommandos are known to be alive.

Mandelbaum was imprisoned as a Polish Jew at the age of 21 years. He fled from the Sosnowiec Ghetto and was reimprisoned on 22 April 1944, in Birkenau.

Sonderkommando
Sonderkommandos (German: [ˈzɔndɐkɔˌmando], lit. 'special unit') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp Sonderkommandos, who were always inmates, were unrelated to the SS-Sonderkommandos, which were ad hoc units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945.

The German term was part of the vague and euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., Einsatzkommando, "deployment units").
6344 P-L
6344 P-L is an unnumbered, sub-kilometer asteroid and suspected dormant comet, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group that was first observed on 24 September 1960, by astronomers and asteroid searchers Tom Gehrels, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, and Cornelis Johannes van Houten during the Palomar–Leiden survey at Palomar Observatory.

Provisional designation in astronomy
Provisional designation is the naming convention applied to astronomical objects immediately following their discovery. The provisional designation is usually superseded by a permanent designation once a reliable orbit has been calculated. As of 2019, approximately 47% of the more than 1,100,000 known minor planets remain provisionally designated, as hundreds of thousands have been discovered in the last two decades. The modern system is overseen by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union.