hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Thrasher (Florida politician)
John E. Thrasher (December 18, 1943 – May 30, 2025) was an American politician and state legislator in Florida. He was a businessman, lawyer, and lobbyist who served as the 15th president of Florida State University. He was approved by the Florida Board of Governors on November 6, 2014, and took office on November 10, 2014. On September 11, 2020, Thrasher and the university board of trustees announced his retirement in a joint statement. In May 2021, Richard McCullough was chosen by Florida State University's board of trustees to succeed Thrasher.

Richard D. McCullough
Richard Dean McCullough (born April 9, 1959) is an American chemist and entrepreneur who is the president of Florida State University. He previously served as Vice Provost for Research at Harvard University, where he was also a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 
In 2021 McCullough was selected to serve as the 16th president of Florida State University after the retirement of former President John E. Thrasher. He assumed office on August 16, 2021.

McCullough is best known for his work in developing printable electronic materials.  McCullough was the Vice President for Research at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh from 2007 to 2012, where he had previously served as the Dean of the Mellon College of Science, and head of the Department of Chemistry.
Endogenous money
Endogenous money is an economy’s supply of money that is determined endogenously—that is, as a result of the interactions of other economic variables, rather than exogenously (autonomously) by an external authority such as a central bank.

The theoretical basis of this position is that money comes into existence through the requirements of the real economy and that the banking system reserves expand or contract as needed to accommodate loan demand at prevailing interest rates.

Central banks implement policy primarily through controlling short-term interest rates. The money supply then adapts to the changes in demand for reserves and credit caused by the interest rate change. The supply curve shifts to the right when financial intermediaries issue new substitutes for money, reacting to profit opportunities during the cycle.

Augusto Graziani
Augusto Graziani (4 May 1933 – 5 January 2014) was an Italian economist, Professor in Political Economy at University la Sapienza, most known for his contribution to  monetary economics in founding monetary circuit theory.
Noriega (Ribadedeva)
Noriega is one of three parishes (administrative divisions) in Ribadedeva, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 313 (INE 2011).

Ribadedeva
Ribadedeva (Spanish pronunciation: [riβaðeˈðeβa]; Asturian and Cantabrian: Ribadeva) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. To the north is the Cantabrian Sea, while to the south lies Peñamellera Baja, to the west Llanes and to the east, across the Deva River, the Autonomous Community of Cantabria.
Ignazio Florio Jr.
Ignazio Florio Jr. (1 September 1869 in Palermo – 19 September 1957 in Palermo) was an Italian entrepreneur, heir of the  rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century.

Florio family
The Florio family was a prominent entrepreneurial Italian family who started many lucrative activities in Sicily involving the export of Sicilian products (such as Marsala wine) in the 19th century, in some ways redeeming Sicily from feudal immobility. The family extended its interests to shipping, shipbuilding, fisheries, mining, metallurgy and ceramics. The Florio economic dynasty was one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. In the heyday of the Florio business empire reportedly some 16,000 people depended on the family, and the press sometimes referred to Palermo as 'Floriopolis'.
Tallmantz Phoenix P-1
The Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 was an FAA-certified one-off aircraft built for the 1965 film production The Flight of the Phoenix and used in the picture's final aerial sequences. Its pilot Paul Mantz was killed in an accident during a touch-and-go maneuver to simulate a takeoff, after which the plane was replaced by a crudely modified North American O-47A.

Fairchild C-82 Packet
The C-82 Packet is a twin-engine, twin-boom cargo aircraft designed and built by Fairchild Aircraft. It was used briefly by the United States Army Air Forces and the successor United States Air Force following World War II.
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Ulrich Lichtenthaler (born 1978) is a German economist and executive consultant who is the inventor of the PUMO framework as an extension and substitute of the VUCA world. He is Professor of Management and Entrepreneurship at the International School of Management in Cologne. He held the Chair of Management and Organization at the University of Mannheim until March 2015.

WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management
The WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management is a private German business school with campuses in Vallendar and Düsseldorf, Germany. As of September 2024, there are 2,007 students (including doctoral students) at WHU, about 251 employees and 59 professors (including assistant professors).
Megève Altiport
Megève Altiport (French: Altiport de Megève, IATA: MVV, ICAO: LFHM) is an altiport 5 km (3 miles) southeast of Megève, a commune in the Haute-Savoie department of the Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.

Megève
Megève (French pronunciation: [məʒɛv]; Arpitan: Megéva) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Southeastern France with a population of more than 3,000 residents. The town is well known as a ski resort near Mont Blanc in the French Alps. Conceived in the 1920s as a French alternative to St. Moritz by the Rothschilds, it was the first purpose-built resort in the Alps. Originally it was a prime destination for the French aristocracy; it remains one of the most famous and affluent ski resorts in the world.
Wangjaesan Light Music Band
The Wangjaesan Light Music Band (Korean: 왕재산 경음악단; MR: Wangjaesan Kyŏngŭmaktan) is a light music (kyŏngŭmak) group in North Korea. It is one of two (with Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble) popular music groups that were established by North Korea in the 1980s, both named after places where Kim Il Sung fought the Japanese in 1930s. It takes its name from Mount Wangjae in Onsong-gun, North Hamgyong Province, on the border with China (Japan puppet state Manchukuo in that period), where Kim Il Sung is said to have held a meeting for anti-Japanese activities in 1933.

The band was established by the North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, son and heir of Kim Il Sung, on 22 July 1983. Its music was often broadcast over Korean Central Broadcasting Station channels such as Radio Pyongyang and as test card music for Korean Central Television. The Wangjaesan Dance Troupe is part of the group.

Hyon Song-wol
Hyon Song-wol (Korean: 현송월; born 1977) is a North Korean singer, band leader, and politician. She is the leader of the Moranbong Band and of the Samjiyon Orchestra. She was formerly a featured vocalist for the Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble in the early 2000s, a pop group which found fame in North Korea in the late 1980s and 1990s. She has been a member in the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2017.
Madball
Madball is an American New York hardcore band. Originated in the late 1980s as a side project of Agnostic Front, the band developed after Agnostic Front's vocalist Roger Miret would let his younger half-brother Freddy Cricien take the microphone and perform lead vocals during Agnostic Front shows. Following Agnostic Front's 1992 disbandment, Madball became the members' main project and many became a part of the band who were never in Agnostic Front. They have released nine studio albums and four EPs.

Terror (band)
Terror is an American hardcore punk band from Los Angeles, formed in 2002. The band has undergone several line-up changes, all overseen by founding members Scott Vogel (lead vocals) and Nick Jett (drums). Its current lineup also features guitarists Martin Stewart and Jordan Posner, as well as bassist Chris Linkovich. The band has released eight studio albums – the most recent of which, Pain Into Power, was released in May 2022. The band are noted as one of the most influential modern bands within tough guy hardcore and hardcore punk, with Stereogum describing Terror as "an institution within their genre".
Marsham, Norfolk
Marsham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Norwich.
It covers an area of 7.40 km2 (2.86 sq mi) and had a population of 674 in 282 households at the 2001 census.

For local government purposes, it falls within the district of Broadland.  Marsham has its own Parish Council, Marsham Parish Council.

Broadland
Broadland is a local government district in Norfolk, England, named after the Norfolk Broads. Its council is based at the Broadland Business Park on the outskirts of Norwich. The district includes the towns of Acle, Aylsham, Reepham, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. Several of the district's settlements (including Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew) form part of the Norwich built-up area, lying outside the city's boundaries to the north-west and north-east. The district also includes numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. Some eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads.

The neighbouring districts are North Norfolk, Great Yarmouth, South Norfolk, Norwich and Breckland.

In 2013, Broadland was ranked as the most peaceful locality within the United Kingdom, having the lowest level of violent crime in the country.
Siemens A40
The Siemens A40 is a mobile phone manufactured by the defunct mobile phone company Siemens and released in 2001. The design is compact, available in 3 color options: Royal Blue, Anthracite, and Raspberry Red.

Siemens Mobile
Siemens Mobile was a German mobile phone manufacturer and a division of Siemens AG. Siemens sold Siemens Mobile to the Taiwan-based BenQ in 2005, subsequently becoming BenQ-Siemens and succeeded by Gigaset. The last Siemens-branded mobile phones, the AL21, A31 and AF51, were released in November 2005.
Isa TK+
Isa TK+ (Isa Te Quiero Más) is the second season of the Nickelodeon Latin America production, Isa TKM, produced with Sony Pictures Television and Teleset of Colombia. Production began in July 2009, and it premiered on 28 September 2009 in Latin America. It premiered in Brazil on 5 April 2010.

Teleset
Sony Pictures Television – Latin America & U.S. Hispanic, doing business as Teleset, is a television production company based in Bogotá, Colombia. It produced Metástasis, the Spanish-language remake of Breaking Bad.

Teleset's portfolio contains popular telenovelas such as La Baby Sister, The Useless One, Love in Custody and Three Miracles. Working hand in hand with Sony Pictures Television through its International Production division, Teleset has been a pioneer in the TV series genre with programs such as Rosario Tijeras, La prepago, Metástasis, Niñas mal, Popland, Lady, La sellera derosas, La Reina del Flow, El Mariachi and En la mouth of the wolf, among others. In the entertainment part, Teleset has produced Colombian versions of formats such as ¿Quién quiere ser millonario?, Robinson Expedition, El Factor X, Popstars and Colombia has talent, among others.
Volumes 3 & 4
Volumes 3 & 4 is the second compilation of Josh Homme's project The Desert Sessions. Volume 3: Set Coordinates for the White Dwarf!!! and Volume 4: Hard Walls and Little Trips were released separately on 10-inch vinyl, and then compiled on CD with the extra track "You Keep on Talkin'".

Pete Stahl
Peter Marc Stahl is an American musician best known for fronting the Virginia-based punk/hardcore band Scream with his brother Franz. Early on, Scream also featured Nirvana drummer and Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl on drums who credited Pete Stahl as the inspiration for the song "My Hero" for his tutelage.

Stahl later went on to form Wool with his brother in the 1990s, and also has sung for Goatsnake and Earthlings?. He also worked for The Viper Room in Los Angeles, and contributed to the Sunn O))) album ØØ Void, and was featured on Orquesta del Desierto, a series of albums written about the desert. Stahl has also contributed to volumes 1 to 4 of Josh Homme's musical collaborative series The Desert Sessions, and toured with Queens of the Stone Age from 1998 to 1999 to perform these songs in addition to doing backing vocals for various songs by Queens of the Stone Age.

Stahl also works as a tour manager, primarily for Rival Sons and Coheed and Cambria.
Chinatowns in the United States
Chinatowns are enclaves of Chinese people outside of China. The first Chinatown in the United States was San Francisco's Chinatown in 1848, and many other   Chinatowns were established in the 19th century by the Chinese diaspora on the West Coast. By 1875, Chinatowns had emerged in eastern cities such as New York City, Boston, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 barred Chinese immigration to the United States, but the Magnuson Act of 1943 repealed it, and the population of Chinatowns began to rise again.

Many historic Chinatowns have lost their status as ethnic Chinese enclaves due to gentrification and demographic shifts, while others have become major tourist attractions. New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles have the largest Chinese populations in the United States, and the Chinatowns in New York City are some of the largest Chinese enclaves outside of Asia.

Chinese emigration
Waves of Chinese emigration have happened throughout history. They include the emigration to Southeast Asia beginning from the 10th century during the Tang dynasty, to the Americas during the 19th century, particularly during the California gold rush in the mid-1800s; general emigration initially around the early to mid 20th century which was mainly caused by corruption, starvation, and war due to the Warlord Era, the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War; and finally elective emigration to various countries. Most emigrants were peasants and manual laborers, although there were also educated individuals who brought their various expertises to their new destinations.
Manmaru The Ninja Penguin
Manmaru The Ninja Penguin, released in Japan as Ninpen Manmaru (忍ペンまん丸), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Mikio Igarashi. It was serialized in the Enix magazine Monthly Shōnen Gangan from 1995 to 1999. A 48-episode anime adaptation was produced by Shin-Ei Animation, directed by Tetsuo Yasumi, and broadcast on TV Asahi between July 5, 1997, and March 28, 1998.

Shin-Ei Animation
Shin-Ei Animation Co., Ltd. (Japanese: シンエイ動画株式会社, Hepburn: Shīn'eī Dōga Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese animation studio owned by TV Asahi and founded in Tokyo in 1965 as A Production by Daikichirō Kusube, who was previously an animator for Toei Animation.
Finneytown, Ohio
Finneytown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Springfield Township, Hamilton County, in southwest Ohio, United States, just north of Cincinnati. The population was 12,399 at the 2020 census. Finneytown is home to the second largest private school in Ohio (St. Xavier High School) and the Cincinnati area's annual Greek Festival (at Holy Trinity-St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church).

Finneytown is named for Ebenezer Ward Finney, a Revolutionary War soldier whose burial site is located just south of the current township.  The land was originally purchased from John Cleves Symmes by Rev. Ebenezer Ward, and given to his grandson Ebenezer Ward Finney.

Finneytown Secondary Campus
Finneytown Secondary Campus is a public high school in Finneytown, Hamilton County, Ohio, and is the only public High School in the Finneytown Local School District. The district serves the entirety of Finneytown which is in Springfield Township.

Finneytown sports teams are known as the Wildcats. The Wildcats compete in the Cincinnati Hills League (CHL), a competitive small school league in the Cincinnati area. The high school also has a competitive marching band that competes in regional and national competitions.
FSV Salmrohr
FSV Salmrohr is a German association football club in the village of Salmrohr, Rhineland-Palatinate. Founded in 1921, the small club has limited resources and has relied largely on local talent, but still managed two decades of play in the tier III Amateur Oberliga Südwest and Regionalliga West/Südwest and earned a national amateur title in 1990.

Salmtal
Salmtal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It became well known countrywide for the football club FSV Salmrohr, who played in the Second Football Bundesliga in the 1986/1987 season.
British military rifles
The origins of the modern British military rifle are within its predecessor, the Brown Bess musket. While a musket was largely inaccurate over 100 yards (91 m), due to a lack of rifling and a generous tolerance to allow for muzzle-loading, it was cheap to produce and could be loaded quickly. The use of volley or mass firing by troops meant that the rate of fire took precedence over accuracy.

Beginning in the late 1830s, the superior performance of the new rifles led the British military to phase out the venerable .75 calibre Brown Bess musket in favour of smaller-calibre muzzle-loading rifles. Early rifles were non-standard and often used components from the Brown Bess, including locks and stocks adapted to new rifled barrels. It was not until the late 19th century that the rifle fully supplanted the musket as the weapon of the infantryman.

.303 British
The .303 British (designated as the 303 British by the C.I.P. and SAAMI) or 7.7×56mmR, is a .303-inch (7.7 mm) calibre rimmed tapered bottleneck centerfire rifle cartridge. The .303-inch bore diameter is measured between rifling lands as is the common practice in Europe, which follows the traditional black powder convention.

It was first manufactured in Britain as a stop-gap black powder round put into service in December 1888 for the Lee–Metford rifle. From 1891, the cartridge used smokeless powder, which had been the intention from the outset, but the decision on which smokeless powder to adopt had been delayed. It was the standard British and Commonwealth military cartridge for rifles and machine guns from 1889 until it was replaced by the 7.62×51mm NATO in the 1950s.
Franz Heymann
Franz Ferdinand Heymann (17 August 1924 – 28 March 2005) was a British physicist who served as Quain Professor from 1975–80 at University College London. He was featured in Who's Who in British Scientists, Who's Who in Atoms and Who's Who in Technology.

Quain Professor
Quain Professor is the professorship title for certain disciplines at University College London, England. The title honours Richard Quain, who became Professor of Anatomy in 1832 at what would become University College, London. Quain left a legacy to the university to endow professorships in four subjects in 1887. He intended that the funding should recognise his brother, John Richard Quain, as well as himself.

The Burhop prize for Physics, Applied Physics or Mathematics/Physics is also drawn from these funds.

The Quain professorships cover Botany, English language and literature, Jurisprudence, and Physics.
A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th. Cir., 2001) was a landmark intellectual property case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed a district court ruling that the defendant, peer-to-peer file sharing service Napster, could be held liable for contributory infringement and vicarious infringement of copyright. This was the first major case to address the application of copyright laws to peer-to-peer file sharing.

While A&M Records served as the lead plaintiff, Napster was sued by 18 different record companies, all of which were members of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Additionally, songwriters Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller were included on the Circuit Court appeal, representing the interests of "all others similarly situated."

Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa International Service Ass'n
Perfect 10, Inc. v. Visa International Service Ass'n, 494 F.3d 788, is a 2006 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which held that Visa Inc., Mastercard, First Data Corporation and its subsidiary CardService International, and Humboldt Bank could not be held secondarily liable for copyright and trademark infringement by websites that had stolen content from the pornographic magazine Perfect 10.
Twelve Philosophers
The Twelve Philosophers or Wise Ones (Chinese: 十二哲, Shí'èr Zhé) are 12 eminent philosophers in the Chinese Confucian tradition. They are traditionally accounted a kind of sainthood and their spirit tablets are prominently placed in Confucian temples, six upon the east and six upon the west side of the Hall of the Great Completion (Dacheng Dian).

Twelve Philosophers are Min Sun (Ziqian), Ran Yong (Zhonggong), Duanmu Ci (Zigong), Zhong You (Zilu), Bu Shang (Zixia), You Ruo (Ziruo), Zai Yu (Ziwo), Ran Geng (Boniu), Ran Qiu (Ziyou), Yan Yan (Ziyou), Zhuansun Shi (Zizhang) – all disciples of Confucius – and Zhu Xi, who established Neo-Confucianism during the Song dynasty.

Sacrifices to the philosophers were first offered in the 6th year of the Kaiyuan era of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty, AD 720.

Bu Shang
Bu Shang (507 BC – 400 BC), commonly known by his courtesy name Zixia or as Buzi (Master Bu), was an ancient Chinese philosopher and a prominent disciple of Confucius who was considered one of the most accomplished in cultural learning. He was one of the five disciples who took chief responsibility for the transmission of Confucius' teachings. He played a significant role in the transmission of such classics as the Book of Poetry and the I Ching. He established his own school, and taught Marquess Wen of Wei, ruler of Wei, the most powerful state of the early Warring States period.
KiHa 25
The KiHa 25 (キハ25形) is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) on local and rapid services in Japan, since March 2011. Following electrification of the Taketoyo Line in 2015, they replaced KiHa 40 series DMUs on the Takayama and Taita Lines.

Sangū Line
The Sangū Line (参宮線, Sangū-sen) is a railway line run by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central), connecting Taki Station (Taki, Mie) with Toba Station (Toba, Mie) in Japan.

The line connects with the Kisei Main Line at Taki Station. From Taki, the line runs parallel to the Kintetsu Yamada Line and Toba Line. These lines all serve the Ise-Shima tourist region.

The name of the line, "Sangū", was chosen because that word is a kanji abbreviation of a phrase in Japanese that roughly translates to "a pilgrimage to Ise Grand Shrine", and making the pilgrimage to the Shrine easier is exactly why the line was built.