hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baco (crater)
Baco is a lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged southern highlands on the near side of the Moon. The rim and inner wall has been eroded and worn by countless minor impacts since the original formation of the crater. As a result, any terraces have been worn smooth and the rim is overlaid by several tiny craterlets. The interior floor is nearly flat, with no characteristic central peak at the midpoint and no small craters of significance.

There are several minor craters located in the surrounding terrain, including the satellite craters Baco A just to the south and Baco B to the northwest. Further to the north is the crater Breislak, and equally distant to the northeast is Ideler. Further to the west is Cuvier, while Asclepi lies to the southeast.

Although this crater was named after the Englishman Roger Bacon, it was chosen by the German astronomer von Mädler. Hence the crater name became modified from Bacon to Baco.

Breislak (crater)
Breislak is a lunar impact crater that lies within one crater diameter north-northwest of the crater Baco, in the southern part of the Moon. To the north-northwest is the crater Barocius, and to the west lies Clairaut. This crater was named in honor of geologist Scipione Breislak.

The rim of Breislak has been heavily worn by subsequent impacts, and several small craterlets lie along the outer wall. One of these craters has cut a notch in the southeast wall, and there are craterlets to the northeast and southwest of this break. A small crater lies on the inner face of the northern wall. The inner surface is roughly level, but pock-marked by several tiny craterlets.
MTOR
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as mammalian target of rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and transcription. It belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. It also promotes the activation of insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors.

Ragulator-Rag complex
The Ragulator-Rag complex is a regulator of lysosomal signalling and trafficking in eukaryotic cells, which plays an important role in regulating cell metabolism and growth in response to nutrient availability in the cell. The Ragulator-Rag Complex is composed of five LAMTOR subunits, which work to regulate MAPK and mTOR complex 1. The LAMTOR subunits form a complex with Rag GTPase and v-ATPase, which sits on the cell’s lysosomes and detects the availability of amino acids. If the Ragulator complex receives signals for low amino acid count, it will start the process of catabolizing the cell. If there is an abundance of amino acids available to the cell, the Ragulator complex will signal that the cell can continue to grow.
Ragulator proteins come in two different forms: Rag A/Rag B and Rag C/Rag D. These interact to form heterodimers with one another.
Metal aquo complex
In chemistry, metal aquo complexes are coordination compounds containing metal ions with only water as a ligand. These complexes are the predominant species in aqueous solutions of many metal salts, such as metal nitrates, sulfates, and perchlorates. They have the general stoichiometry [M(H2O)n]z+.  Their behavior underpins many aspects of environmental, biological, and industrial chemistry. This article focuses on complexes where water is the only ligand ("homoleptic aquo complexes"), but of course many complexes are known to consist of a mix of aquo and other ligands.

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
Royal Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is one of two regiments that make up the artillery arm of the British Army.  The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises thirteen Regular Army regiments, the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery and five Army Reserve regiments.

4th Regiment Royal Artillery
The 4th Regiment Royal Artillery is a regiment of the Royal Artillery in the British Army. It was formed in 1939 as 4th Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, before being redesignated in 1961.

It is currently based at Alanbrooke Barracks in Topcliffe and serves in the light close support role, equipped with 105mm L118 light guns supporting 7 Light Mechanised Brigade Combat Team. The regiment is part of NATO's Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (Land).
Italian Federation of Transport Workers
The Italian Federation of Transport Workers (Italian: Federazione Italiana Lavoratori Trasporti, FILT) is a trade union representing workers in the transportation sector in Italy.

In 1970, the Italian General Confederation of Labour established the Italian Federation of Transport Trade Unions, which loosely grouped the Italian Federation of Hauliers and Inland Waterways, the Italian Railway Union, the Italian Federation of Civil Aviation Staff, the Union of Porters and Assistants, the Italian Federation of Marine Workers, and the Italian Federation of Port Workers.  In 1980, these unions merged into a reconstituted "Italian Federation of Transport Workers".

By 1998, the union had 130,692 members, of whom 38% worked in the rail industry.

Italian Railway Union
The Italian Railway Union (Italian: Sindacato Ferrovieri Italiani, SFI) was a trade union representing railway workers in Italy.

The union was founded in 1907, and affiliated to the General Confederation of Labour, but it was banned by the fascist government in 1925.  The union was re-established in 1944, affiliating to the new Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL), and by 1954, it had 97,136 members.  In 1970, it affiliated to CGIL's new Italian Federation of Transport Trade Unions.

The union's membership remained fairly constant, and by 1979, it was 97,047.  In 1980, it merged with the Italian Federation of Hauliers and Inland Waterways, the Italian Federation of Civil Aviation Staff, the Union of Porters and Assistants, the Italian Federation of Marine Workers, and the Italian Federation of Port Workers, to form the Italian Federation of Transport Workers.
Pasgen ap Cadeyrn
Pasgen ap Cadeyrn was an ancient king of Powys and the father of Mawgan ap Pasgen, according to the Harleian genealogies. The Welsh genealogies, however, are unreliable from his father's name on. Pasgen's name also appears on the Pillar of Eliseg and as well as the Historia Brittonum as a son of Vortigern. In the genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, his father is Cadell Ddyrnllug and his son's name is Manogan. In the Harleian, he is a grandson of Cadell through Cadeyrn (Cattegirn).

One reading of the genealogies would put the beginning of his reign about two centuries before the death of Selyf ap Cynan, or about AD 417; another would put him in the period 480–510.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
Braxy
Braxy is an infectious disease which causes sudden death in sheep. It is caused by the bacterium Clostridium septicum.

Braxy generally occurs in winter, when sheep eat frosted root crops, or frosted grass. The frozen feed damages the mucosa (lining) of the abomasum, allowing C. septicum to enter, causing abomasitis and a fatal bacteremia.

Young sheep not protected with a vaccine are most commonly affected. If sheep are not found dead, signs include abdominal pain and recumbency. There is no treatment, and sheep usually die within 36 hours of the onset of signs. The carcass of sheep which died of braxy will often decompose more rapidly than expected.

Historically, the mutton of affected sheep was also referred to as braxy.

A vaccine against braxy was developed at the Moredun Research Institute in Scotland.

Braxy has been reported in Europe (particularly in Iceland, Norway and the UK), Australia and the United States.

Moredun Research Institute
The Moredun Research Institute is a scientific research institution based at the Pentlands Science Park, in the Bush Estate area of Midlothian, Scotland. It conducts research into diseases of farm livestock and the promotion of animal health and welfare.

Moredun employs over 200 vets, scientists and support staff, that are funded primarily by the Scottish Government. The Institute received £7.1 million from the government in 2010–11.
Ochamchire Municipality
Ochamchire Municipality (Georgian: ოჩამჩირის მუნიციპალიტეტი, Očamčiris municip’alit’et’i; Abkhaz: Очамчыра амуниципалитет) is an administrative unit in the Georgian Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. The capital of the municipality is Ochamchire. Ochamchire Municipality has boundaries with Gulripshi Municipality and Gali Municipality of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tsalenjikha Municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.

Gali Municipality
Gali Municipality (Georgian: გალის მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: galis munitsip'alit'et'i; Mingrelian: გალიშ მუნიციპალიტეტი, romanized: galish munitsip’alit’et’i; Abkhaz: Гал амуниципалитет) is an administrative-territorial unit of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia. De facto, the territory has been under Russian occupation since the early 1990s following the Abkhaz–Georgian conflict. The administrative center is the town of Gali.

The municipality shares borders with Ochamchire Municipality within Abkhazia and with Zugdidi Municipality of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti.
Cwmtwrch
Cwmtwrch (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkʊmtʊrχ]) is a village in the valley of the Afon Twrch, a right-bank tributary to the Swansea Valley, Wales, some 15 miles north of Swansea. It is also the name of an electoral ward to Powys County Council.

Actors Craig Russell, Richard Corgan and Steven Meo all come from the village.

The Sci Fi comedy horror film Canaries is set and was filmed in Cwmtwrch.

Ystalyfera
Ystalyfera is a former industrial village and community in the upper Swansea Valley, on the River Tawe, about 13 miles (21 km) northeast of Swansea. It is an electoral ward and a community in the unitary authority of Neath Port Talbot, Wales, comprising a resident population of just over 3,000 people, approximately 60% of whom speak Welsh.

National Cycle Route 43 passes through the village.
Dorothy Wood, Countess of Halifax
Dorothy Evelyn Augusta Wood, Countess of Halifax (née Onslow; 7 February 1885 – 2 February 1976), styled as the Lady Irwin from 1925 until 1934, was a British aristocrat, courtier, and Vicereine of India. Born at Richmond Terrace, Whitehall, London, she was the daughter of William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow, Governor-General of New Zealand, and Hon. Florence Gardner, the daughter of Alan Gardner, 3rd Baron Gardner. Her brother, Richard William Alan Onslow, was a prominent politician and succeeded to the Earldom of Onslow.

She was the wife of Viceroy and Governor-General Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax. They had five children, including Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax and Richard Wood, Baron Holderness. She held the office of Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.

Having succeeded the Countess of Reading in 1926 (and Viscountess Goschen in 1929), she was succeeded, as Viceregal-Consort of India, by The Countess of Willingdon in 1931.

Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax
Charles Ingram Courtenay Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax (3 October 1912 – 19 March 1980), styled Hon. Charles Wood from 1925 until 1944 and Lord Irwin from 1944 until 1959, was a British peer, Conservative politician, Lord Lieutenant of Humberside and High Steward of York Minster.
Bissau
Bissau (/bɪˈsaʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [biˈsaw]) is the capital and largest city of Guinea-Bissau. As of 2015, it had a population of 492,004. Bissau is located on the Geba River estuary, off the Atlantic Ocean, and is Guinea-Bissau's largest city, major port, its administrative and military center.

Fortaleza de São José da Amura
Fort São José of Amura (Fortaleza de São José da Amura in Portuguese), also known locally as Amura Fort (Fortaleza de Amura), is a fortification located in the city of Bissau, region of Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, in West Africa.
Presidential Band of the Russian Federation
The Presidential Band of the Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin of the Federal Protective Service of the Russian Federation (Russian:Президентский оркестр Службы коменданта Московского Кремля Федеральной службы охраны Российской Федерации) shortened to the Presidential Band of the Russian Federation (Russian:Президентский оркестр Российской Федерации) is a special military unit that is the official military band for the president of Russia. It is the main band that plays at official ceremonies and receptions for high-ranking officials that visit Russia, including heads of state, heads of government, and diplomatic delegations. Although it is not an official military unit, it is affiliated with the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia. Unlike the Special Exemplary Military Band of the Guard of Honor Battalion of Russia, which shares a similar role, the Presidential Band is the official band of the president of Russia and is based in the Kremlin.

Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia
The Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation serves as the official service of military bands in active service within the Russian Armed Forces and formerly the Soviet Armed Forces. It is part of the Military Band Service Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Georgios Roilos
Georgios Roilos (Greek: Γεώργιος Ροϊλός; 1867 – 28 August 1928) was one of the most important and influential Greek painters of the late 19th-early 20th century. He belonged to the so-called "Munich School". His major works include historical topics, portraits, and scenes of everyday life. One of his most famous paintings is “The Poets”, which depicts some of the most important representatives of the New Athenian school of poetry, also known as the Generation of 1880.

Munich school
The Munich school (Greek: Σχολή του Μονάχου) is a group of painters who worked in Munich or were trained at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Munich (German: Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste) between 1850 and 1918. In the second half of the 19th century the Academy became one of the most important institutions in Europe for training artists and attracted students from across Europe and the United States.
George Washington Purnell House
The George Washington Purnell House in Snow Hill, Maryland, is a gothic revival house built around 1860.  The frame-and-weatherboard house retains its original decorative millwork; and is enhanced by a cast-iron fence along the street frontage.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Snow Hill, Maryland
Snow Hill is a town serving as the county seat of Worcester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,156 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Jay Gould II
Jay Gould II (September 1, 1888 – January 26, 1935) was an American real tennis player and a grandson of the railroad magnate Jay Gould. He was the world champion (1914–1916) and the Olympic gold medalist (London, 1908, then under the name jeu de paume). He held the U.S. Amateur Championship title continuously from 1906 to 1925, winning 18 times (no tournaments were held during the U.S. involvement in World War I). During the same period, he never lost a set to an American amateur, and lost only one singles match, to English champion E.M. Baerlein. The court built for him by his father at the family's Georgian Court estate was restored in 2005. Jay Gould II is the great-great-uncle of US Olympic cyclist Georgia Gould, who qualified to race in the London 2012 Olympiad.

Jay Gould
Jay Gould (/ɡuːld/; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who founded the Gould business dynasty. He is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial.
Mahlamba Ndlopfu
Mahlamba Ndlopfu (formerly known as Libertas) is the chief official residence of the President of the Republic of South Africa. The head of government has made it their official home since 1940 and it is located in the Bryntirion Estate in Pretoria.

The building was built in 1940 and was designed by Gerard Moerdijk, a South African architect, to be the official residence in Pretoria of the Prime Minister of the time, General Jan Smuts. Since its creation, Mahlamba Ndlopfu has also hosted official visits from foreign heads of state, such as visits by François Mitterrand, the President of the French Republic, and Barack Obama, the President of the United States.

The current occupant of Mahlamba Ndlopfu is Cyril Ramaphosa, President of the Republic of South Africa since February 14, 2018.

Bryntirion Estate
Bryntirion Estate is an estate in Pretoria, South Africa. It incorporates the Mahlamba Ndlopfu residence of the president of South Africa, the deputy president's residence (called the OR Tambo House), the presidential guest house, many homes of cabinet ministers, 15 tennis courts, and a 9 hole presidential golf course with a helipad.

The estate is 1.07 square kilometres (107 hectares or 264 acres). The perimeter security system includes 202 CCTV cameras, 4 gatehouses and 8.1 km of anti-climb motion detection fences. The perimeter fences cost R90 million (USD12.8 million) to build in 2007. R90 million for 8.1 km is approximately R11 million per kilometre or R11 000 per metre.

The Bryntirion Estate contains 28 erfs (properties). All the Bryntirion erven are owned by the Republic of South Africa.
Kalanchoe laetivirens
Kalanchoe laetivirens is a species of Kalanchoe (section Bryophyllum). It was thought to be a hybrid between K. daigremontiana and K. laxiflora (syn. Bryophyllum crenatum), and therefore a group of invalid names for such a hybrid, including Kalanchoe crenodaigremontiana, Kalanchoe crenato-daigremontiana, Bryophyllum crenodaigremontianum and Bryophyllum crenato-daigremontianum, are just synonyms of K. laetivirens. However, their true hybrid is distinct from this species.

It is often misidentified as one of its putative parents, K. daigremontiana, which has bands or spots on the back of leaves, while the leaves of K. laetivirens are completely green, as indicated by its epithet laetivirens which means "lushly green".

Bryophyllum
Bryophyllum (from the Greek βρῦον/βρύειν bryon/bryein = sprout, φύλλον phyllon = leaf) is a group of plant species of the family Crassulaceae native to Madagascar. It is a section or subgenus within the genus Kalanchoe, and was formerly placed at the level of genus. This section is notable for vegetatively growing small plantlets on the fringes of the leaves; these eventually drop off and root. These plantlets arise from mitosis of meristematic-type tissue in notches in the leaves.

Nowadays, bryophyllums are naturalized in many parts of the tropics and subtropics, and deliberately cultivated for their attractiveness or for their interesting reproduction as a vegetative reproductive plant.
Discretionary trust
In the trust law of England, Australia, Canada, and other common law jurisdictions,  a discretionary trust is a trust where the beneficiaries and their entitlements to the trust fund are not fixed, but are determined by the criteria set out in the trust instrument by the settlor. It is sometimes referred to as a family trust in Australia or New Zealand. Where the discretionary trust is a testamentary trust, it is common for the settlor (or testator) to leave a letter of wishes for the trustees to guide them as to the settlor's wishes in the exercise of their discretion. Letters of wishes are not legally binding documents.

Discretionary trusts can only arise as express trusts. It is not possible for a constructive trust or a resulting trust to arise as a discretionary trust.

Trust instrument
In trust law, a trust instrument (also sometimes called a deed of trust, where executed by way of deed) is an instrument in writing executed by a settlor used to constitute a trust.  Trust instruments are generally only used in relation to an inter vivos trust; testamentary trusts are usually created under a will.
County Waterford
County Waterford (Irish: Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland. It is in the province of Munster and is part of the Southern Region. It is named after the city of Waterford. Waterford City and County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county at large, including the city, was 127,363 according to the 2022 census. The county is based on the historic Gaelic territory of the Déise. There is an Irish-speaking area, Gaeltacht na nDéise, in the southwest of the county.

Munster
Munster (Irish: an Mhumhain [ə ˈwuːnʲ] or Cúige Mumhan [ˌkuːɟə ˈmˠuːnˠ]) is the largest of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south west of the island. In early Ireland, the Kingdom of Munster was one of the kingdoms of Gaelic Ireland ruled by a "king of over-kings" (Irish: rí ruirech). Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into counties for administrative and judicial purposes. In later centuries, local government legislation has seen further sub-division of the historic counties.

Munster has no official function for local government purposes. For the purposes of the ISO, the province is listed as one of the provincial sub-divisions of the State (ISO 3166-2:IE) and coded as "IE-M". Munster covers an area of 24,675 km2 (9,527 sq mi). Its population was 1,373,346 in 2022, with Cork being the largest city. Other significant urban centres in the province include Limerick and Waterford.