hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hatun Ch'aqu
Hatun Ch'aqu (Quechua hatun big, ch'aqu a fine, whitish, edible and medicinal clay,  Hispanicized spelling Jatunchajo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Cusipata District. It lies south-west of the mountain Ch'aqu, west of the mountain  Yanaqaqa ("black rock", Yanajaja), north-west of the mountain Tiklla Q'asa and north of the mountain Tuqtu. Its ridge stretches to the north-west.

Hatun Ch'aqu is situated south of the river Pukamayu ("red river", Pucamayu) which flows to the west as a right affluent of the Willkanuta River. An intermittent stream originates east of the mountains Hatun Ch'aqu and Tuqtu. Its waters flow to the river Ch'illkamayu in the south. Ch'illkamayu is also a right tributary of the Willkanuta River.

Tiklla Q'asa
Tiklla Q'asa (Quechua tiklla two-colored, qucha lake, lagoon, "two-colored mountain pass", Hispanicized spelling Ticllajasa) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 4,800 metres (15,748 ft) high. It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Cusipata District. Tiklla Q'asa lies southwest of Ch'aqu and Yuraq Q'asa and southeast of Tuqtu and Hatun Ch'aqu.

An intermittent stream originates west of Tiklla Q'asa. Its waters flow to the Ch'illkamayu in the south. The Ch'illkamayu is a right tributary of the Willkanuta River.
Mashrou' Leila
Mashrou' Leila (Arabic: مشروع ليلى, romanized: Mashrūʿ Laylā, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation: [maʃˈruːʕ ˈlajla]), sometimes transliterated in Arabizi as Mashrou3 Leila or translated as "Leila's Project", was a four-member indie rock band from Beirut, Lebanon. It was formed in 2008 as a music workshop at the American University of Beirut, and released four studio albums: Mashrou' Leila (2009), Raasük (2013), Ibn El Leil (2015) and The Beirut School (2019), as well as an EP, El Hal Romancy (2011). The band attracted controversy due to their satirical lyrics and themes. The band disbanded in 2022, due to harassment and hate campaigns.

Byblos International Festival
The Byblos International Festival is a Lebanese festival held in Byblos, believed to be the first Phoenician city, founded around 5000 BC. The festival is the biggest in Lebanon, and attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world.
Shahzada Dawood
Shahzada Dawood (Urdu: شہزادہ داؤد‎; 12 February 1975 – 18 June 2023) was a Pakistani businessman and philanthropist.

Dawood, his 19-year-old son, Suleman, and three others were killed inside the submersible Titan when it imploded on a tourist expedition to view the wreck of the Titanic.

Engro Holdings
Engro Holdings Limited, formerly known as Dawood Hercules Corporation Limited (Urdu pronunciation: [dɑːˈuːd hərˈkjuːliːz] dah-OOD HER-kyoo-leez) is a Pakistani holding company headquartered in Karachi.
Dechantskirchen
Dechantskirchen is a municipality in the district of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld in Styria, Austria. At 1. January 2015 it was expanded by a part (Katastralgemeinde Schlag) of the to this date existing immediate neighbor municipality Schlag bei Thalberg within the scope of the Gemeindestrukturreform.

Schlag bei Thalberg
Schlag bei Thalberg is a former municipality in the district of Hartberg-Fürstenfeld in Styria, Austria. At the 2015 Styria municipal structural reform, it was divided between the municipalities Dechantskirchen and Rohrbach an der Lafnitz.
The Earth Institute
The Earth Institute was a research institute at Columbia University created in 1995 for addressing complex issues facing the planet and its inhabitants, with a focus on sustainable development. With an interdisciplinary approach, this includes research in climate change, geology, global health, economics, management, agriculture, ecosystems, urbanization, energy, hazards, and water. The Earth Institute's activities are guided by the idea that science and technological tools that already exist could be applied to greatly improve conditions for the world's poor, while preserving the natural systems that support life on Earth.

Columbia Climate School
The Columbia Climate School is a professional school of Columbia University, located in New York City. Its mission is to advance knowledge and train leaders in climate science, sustainability, and related fields.

Established in 2020, it is the first new school created at Columbia in more than 25 years. The school was formed by consolidating the university’s major climate-related research centers, including the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, and by integrating the functions of the Earth Institute with Columbia’s existing Master’s program in Climate and Society.
Punch (combat)
A punch is a striking blow with the fist. It is used in most martial arts and combat sports, most notably western boxing, where it is the only type of offensive technique allowed. In sports, hand wraps or other padding such as gloves may be used to protect athletes and practitioners from injuring themselves.

The use of punches varies between different martial arts and combat sports. Styles such as western boxing, Suntukan or Russian fist fighting use punches alone, while others such as kickboxing, Muay Thai, Lethwei or karate may use both punches and kicks. Others such as wrestling (excluding professional wrestling) and judo (punches and other striking techniques, atemi, are present in judo kata, but are forbidden in competitions) do not use punches at all. There are many types of punches and as a result, different styles encompass varying types of punching techniques.

Fist
A fist is the shape of a hand when the fingers are bent inward against the palm and held there tightly. To make or clench a fist is to fold the fingers tightly into the center of the palm and then to clamp the thumb over the middle phalanges; in contrast to this "closed" fist, one keeps the fist "open" by holding the thumb against the side of the index finger.  One uses the closed fist to punch the lower phalanges against a surface, or to pound with the little-finger side of the hand's heel; one uses the open fist to knock with the middle knuckle of the middle finger.

Speakers of some English dialects may use the word "nieve" or "neef" to refer to a fist.
Surak, Iran
Surak (Persian: سورک is a city in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. As a village, it was the capital of Kuhdasht Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Jam Khaneh.

Surak is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Sari, on the road connecting Sari in the west to Neka in the east. Surak is south of the Caspian Sea and north of the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains. The village of Surak was converted to a city in 1996.

Jam Khaneh
Jam Khaneh (Persian: جامخانه) is a village in, and the capital of, Kuhdasht-e Sharqi Rural District in the Central District of Miandorud County, Mazandaran province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Surak, now a city.
Kyŏn Sin'gŏm
Kyŏn Sin'gŏm (Korean: 견신검; Hanja: 甄神劍; ? – September 936, r. 15 November 935 – 936) was the second and final king of Later Baekje, one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea.  He came to the throne after conspiring with his two brothers, Yanggŏm and Yonggŏm, to overthrow their father Kyŏn Hwŏn and kill the anointed heir, their younger half-brother Kŭmgang.

The brothers placed Kyŏn Hwŏn in prison, but he was able to escape. Kyŏn Hwŏn led the Goryeo army against them in 936 AD at present-day Seonsan in Gumi, destroying Kyŏn Sin'gŏm's army.

King Taejo of Goryeo deemed that the plot was the work of Kyŏn Sin'gŏm's brothers, and granted Kyŏn Sin'gŏm a noble title. Accounts vary as to whether Yanggŏm and Yonggŏm were sent into exile or slain.

Taejo of Goryeo
Taejo (Korean: 태조; Hanja: 太祖; 31 January 877 – 4 July 943), personal name Wang Kŏn (왕건; 王建), also known as Taejo Wang Kŏn (태조 왕건; 太祖 王建; lit. 'Great Progenitor Wang Kŏn'), was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea. He ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936.
Rashmi Parekh
Rashmi Purandare-Parekh (born 1976, in Mumbai) is an Indian poet, best known for her book Inscape: Lost Words Found (2021), which was noted for its free verse form of contemporary poetry. A graduate of the University of Southern California, she formerly worked as a computer scientist at Cisco.

Through her mother Madhuri Gogte, of the Gogte gharana of Belgaum, Parekh is a great-niece of B. M. Gogte, is first cousins with businessman Mandar Agashe, cricketer Ashutosh Agashe, and former actress Sheetal Agashe, a descendant of the aristocratic Latey (Bhagwat) family, and of relation to Kokuyo Camlin head Dilip Dandekar, and academic Jyoti Gogte.

Ashutosh Agashe
Ashutosh Dnyaneshwar Agashe (born 21 October 1972) is an Indian businessman and former cricketer. He has served as the chairman and managing director of the Brihan Maharashtra Sugar Syndicate Ltd. since 2009.

A former first-class and List A cricketer, he played in the Ranji Trophy for the Maharashtra cricket team from 1996 to 1999. In 1999, he also played in the Belfast Cricket League for Derry, and briefly served as a selector for the Maharashtra Cricket Association in 2003.
Merlyn (DC Comics)
Merlyn, also known as the Dark Archer, is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Mike Friedrich and artists Neal Adams and Dick Dillin, the character first appeared in Justice League of America #94 (1971). Merlyn is the alias of Arthur King, a bow-wielding contract killer who is commonly affiliated with the League of Assassins. He serves as the archenemy of Green Arrow, although he has also fought other superheroes in the DC Universe, including Batman, Black Canary, and the Justice League.

The CW television series Arrow introduced and popularized Malcolm Merlyn, portrayed by John Barrowman, and his son Tommy Merlyn, portrayed by Colin Donnell, as Oliver Queen's nemesis and best friend, respectively. This concept would later be integrated into the comics, as Arthur King's legal name is retroactively established as Malcolm Merlyn, while Tommy briefly assumes the Dark Archer mantle from his father.

Secret Society of Super Villains
Secret Society of Super Villains (SSoSV) is an American comic book published by DC Comics, created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Pablo Marcos, which first appeared in May–June 1976. The series' focuses on a titular group of supervillains, most of whom are foes of the members of the Justice League of America. The series was cancelled with issue #15 in July 1978, as part of the DC Implosion, a period when DC suddenly cancelled dozens of comics.

In the decades following the cancellation of the original book, the fictional group has returned in many forms.
Military College of Telecommunication Engineering
The Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE) is the engineering training establishment for the Corps of Signals, established 1911, of the Indian Army. It is located near Indore, in the town formerly known as Mhow, now called Dr Ambedkar Nagar, in Madhya Pradesh. Lt Gen Praveen Bakshi is the present Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE)  Commandant.

Corps of Signals (India)
The Corps of Signals is a corps and a combat support arm of the Indian Army, which handles its military communications. It was formed on 15 February 1911 as a separate entity under Lieutenant Colonel S H Powell and went on to make important contributions to World War I and World War II. The corps celebrated its 100th anniversary of raising on 15 February 2010.
Asclepi (crater)
Asclepi is a heavily eroded lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon. The outer rim has been worn down and rounded by many millions of years of subsequent impacts, so that it is now nearly level with the surrounding terrain. As a result, the crater is now little more than a depression in the surface. The interior is nearly flat and relatively featureless.

The rim of Asclepi is marked only by a small crater across the western rim, and several tiny craterlets. The satellite crater Hommel K is a more recent impact that is attached to the southeast rim. This is a bowl-shaped formation with a sharp edge and a small central floor.

Nearby craters of note include Pitiscus to the north-northeast, Hommel due east, and Baco to the northwest. To the west-southwest is the smaller crater Tannerus.

Tannerus (crater)
Tannerus is a small lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon. It lies within a couple of crater diameters of Asclepi to the northeast, and some distance due east of Jacobi.

The rim of this crater is very close to circular, with only a slight inward bulge along the north edge where it is joined to Tannerus P. The edge is sharp and well-defined, although there are tiny impacts along the rim in the west and south. The crater floor is level and free of markings or features of note.
Tatterdemalion
Arnold Paffenroth is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Tom Sutton, the character first appeared in Werewolf by Night #9 (September 1973). Once a talented tap dancer for the movies, Paffenroth lost his career and fortune, suffering a mental breakdown that ultimately drove him into a life of crime. He is known under the codename Tatterdemalion, and has been a member of the Night Shift and Thunderbolts at various points in his history.

Werewolf by Night
The Werewolf by Night (also known as the Werewolf) is the name of two fictional werewolves appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Werewolf by Night, Jack Russell, first appeared in Marvel Spotlight #2 (February 1972). The second incarnation, Jake Gomez, first appeared in Werewolf by Night #1 (October 2020).

The Jack Russell incarnation of Werewolf by Night appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe TV special Werewolf by Night (2022), portrayed by Gael García Bernal.
The Captain's Table
The Captain's Table is a 1959 British comedy film directed by Jack Lee  and starring John Gregson, Donald Sinden, Peggy Cummins and Nadia Gray. The film is based on the 1954 novel of the same title by Richard Gordon, later adapted into the 1971 German film The Captain starring Heinz Rühmann.

The Captain (1971 film)
The Captain (German: Der Kapitän) is a 1971 West German comedy film directed by Kurt Hoffmann and starring Heinz Rühmann, Johanna Matz and Horst Tappert. The captain of an old tramp steamer is offered the chance to take over a luxury cruise ship.

The film is based upon the 1954 novel The Captain's Table by Richard Gordon. It is a remake of the British film The Captain's Table (1959). The film's sets were designed by the art directors Isabella Schlichting and Werner Schlichting. It was made at the Bavaria Studios in Munich and on location in Kiel.
European corn borer
The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize (Zea mays). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet, including broom corn. The European corn borer was first reported in North America in 1917 in Massachusetts, but was probably introduced from Europe several years earlier. Since its initial discovery in the Americas, the insect has spread into Canada and westwards across the United States to the Rocky Mountains.

The adult European corn borer is about 25 millimetres (0.98 in) long with a 26–30 millimetres (1.0–1.2 in) wingspan. The female is light yellowish brown with dark, irregular, wavy bands across the wings. The male is slightly smaller and darker.

European corn borer caterpillars damage corn by chewing tunnels through many parts of the plant, leading to a decrease in agricultural yield.

Genetically modified maize
Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop. Specific maize strains have been genetically engineered to express agriculturally-desirable traits, including resistance to pests and to herbicides. Maize strains with both traits are now in use in multiple countries. GM maize has also caused controversy with respect to possible health effects, impact on other insects and impact on other plants via gene flow. One strain, called Starlink, was approved only for animal feed in the US but was found in food, leading to a series of recalls starting in 2000.
Shinano-Moriue Station
Shinano-Moriue Station (信濃森上駅, Shinano-Moriue-eki) is a railway station on the Ōito Line in Hokujō, in the village of Hakuba, Kitaazumi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Also known as Shinano-Morioka & Ueno.

Hakuba
Hakuba (白馬村, Hakuba-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2019, the village had an estimated population of 9,007 in 4267 households, and a population density of 48 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 189.36 square kilometres (73.11 sq mi). Hakuba is located in the eastern foothills of the Hida Mountains in the northern part of the Japanese Alps and is a popular ski resort. It is also the starting point for trekking Mount Shirouma and Mount Goryu, two of the One Hundred Mountains of Japan. The Hakuba Valley receives an average annual snow fall of 655 cm (258 inches). The 2024–25 winter season in Hakuba holds the record for the highest snowfall in a single winter, with a total accumulation of 782 cm. Hakuba is the central hub for 10 ski resorts with more than 200 runs. The village was the main event venue for 1998 Winter Olympics (Alpine, Ski Jump, Crosscountry).
Richmond Hill City Council
Richmond Hill City Council is the governing body for the Canadian city of Richmond Hill, Ontario. Council serves a four-year term, after which a new council is elected by qualified electors in Richmond Hill. Richmond Hill City Council consists of a Mayor, six Ward Councillors and two Regional and Local Councillors. The mayor and the regional and local councillors additionally serve on the York Regional Council representing the interests of the residents of Richmond Hill.

The mayor serves as the leader of council, presiding over meetings to maintain order, and calling special meetings when needed. The mayor and councillors both propose, oversee the administration and finances of Richmond Hill and direction the operations of the city's departments, as well as meeting with residents and government agencies to discuss issues relevant to Richmond Hill and its residents.

Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill (2021 population: 202,022) is a city in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 27th most populous municipality in Canada. Richmond Hill is situated between the cities of Markham and Vaughan, north of Thornhill, and south of Aurora.

Richmond Hill has seen significant population growth since the 1990s. It became a city in 2019 after being a town since 1957. The city is home to the David Dunlap Observatory telescope, the largest telescope in Canada.
Nikolaus, Count Esterházy
Baron, later Count Nikolaus Esterházy de Galántha (English: Nicholas Esterházy of Galántha) (Galanta, 8 April 1583 – Großhöflein, 11 September 1645) was the founder of the West-Hungarian noble House of Esterházy which became one of the grandest and most influential aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Esterházy
The House of Esterházy, also spelled Eszterházy (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛstɛrhaːzi]), is a Hungarian noble family with origins in the Middle Ages. From the 17th century, the Esterházys were the greatest landowner magnates of the Kingdom of Hungary, during the time that it was part of the Habsburg monarchy and later Austria-Hungary. During the history of the Habsburg Empire, the Esterházy family were consistently loyal to the Habsburg rulers. The Esterházys received the title of Graf (Count) in 1626, and the Forchtenstein line received the title of Fürst (Prince) from the Holy Roman Emperor in 1712. The Esterházy family’s estate is today Austria’s largest private landholding.
Sigma Phi Epsilon Literary Society
Sigma Phi Epsilon Literary Society (ΣΦΕ) is a female literary society at Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois. Sigma Phi Epsilon was founded on January 22, 1916. Sigma Phi Epsilon is headquartered on the top floor of the David A. Smith House on the college's campus.

Illinois College
Illinois College is a private liberal arts college in Jacksonville, Illinois. It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the Presbyterian Church (USA). It was the second college founded in Illinois but the first to grant a degree (in 1835). It was founded in 1829 by the Yale Band, students from Yale College who traveled westward to found new colleges. It briefly served as the state's first medical school, from 1843 to 1848.
Doléans-Dade exponential
In stochastic calculus, the Doléans-Dade exponential or stochastic exponential of a semimartingale X is the unique strong solution of the stochastic differential equation where  denotes the process of left limits, i.e., .

The concept is named after Catherine Doléans-Dade.  The stochastic exponential plays an important role in the formulation of Girsanov's theorem and arises naturally in all applications where relative changes are important since  measures the cumulative percentage change in .

Semimartingale
In probability theory, a real-valued stochastic process X is called a semimartingale if it can be decomposed as the sum of a local martingale and a càdlàg adapted finite-variation process. Semimartingales are "good integrators", forming the largest class of processes with respect to which the Itô integral and the Stratonovich integral can be defined.

The class of semimartingales is quite large (including, for example, all continuously differentiable processes, Brownian motion and Poisson processes). Submartingales and supermartingales together represent a subset of the semimartingales.
Tactical nuclear weapon
A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon (NSNW) is a nuclear weapon that is designed to be used on a battlefield in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity and perhaps even on contested friendly territory. Generally smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be targeted at the enemy interior far away from the war front against military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to wage war. No tactical nuclear weapons have ever been used in combat.

Davy Crockett (nuclear device)
The M28 or M29 Davy Crockett Weapon System was a tactical nuclear recoilless smoothbore gun for firing the M388 nuclear projectile, armed with the W54 nuclear warhead, that was deployed by the United States during the Cold War. It was the first project assigned to the United States Army Weapon Command in Rock Island, Illinois.  It remains one of the smallest nuclear weapon systems ever built, incorporating a warhead with yields of 10 to 20 tons of TNT (42 to 84 GJ). It is named after American folk hero, soldier, and congressman Davy Crockett.