hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings
The impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings is an aesthetic effect deliberately sought by its author, J. R. R. Tolkien. It was intended to give the reader the feeling that the work had "deep roots in the past", and hence that it was attractively authentic.

The effect was constructed on at least four factors, namely the enormous scale of The Lord of the Rings and the amount of background detail, including maps and genealogies; the apparently casual and incomplete mentions of this background; multiple inconsistent accounts, as in real history; and writing different texts in varying styles.

Scholars have noted some of Tolkien's medieval antecedents in the effect, such as Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Fantasy authors such as Ursula K. Le Guin and J. K. Rowling have to an extent followed Tolkien in using the technique.

Elves in Middle-earth
In J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, Elves are the first fictional race to appear in Middle-earth. Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves  do not die of disease or old age. Should they die in battle or of grief, their souls go to the Halls of Mandos in Aman. After a long life in Middle-earth, Elves yearn for the Earthly Paradise of Valinor, and can sail there from the Grey Havens. They are prominent in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, and their history is described in detail in The Silmarillion.

Tolkien derived Elves from mentions in the ancient poetry and languages of Northern Europe, especially Old English. These suggested to him that Elves were large, dangerous, beautiful, lived in wild natural places, and practised archery. He invented languages for the Elves, including Sindarin and Quenya.

Tolkien-style Elves have become a staple of fantasy literature. They have appeared, too, in film and role-playing game adaptations of Tolkien's works.
Listed buildings in Tarporley
Tarporley is a civil parish in Cheshire West and Chester, England. It contains 39 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. It includes the large village of Tarporley; otherwise the parish is rural. Of the listed buildings, five are at Grade II*, the others are at Grade II. The Grade II* listed buildings are the church, a hotel in the village, the former market hall, a large house on the outskirts of the village, and a farmhouse just outside the village. Many of the listed buildings are in the village, and a high proportion of these are in its High Street. Outside the village, they are houses and associated buildings.

Tarporley
Tarporley is a large village and civil parish in Cheshire, England. The civil parish also contains the village of Rhuddall Heath. Tarporley is bypassed by the A49 and A51 roads.

At the 2011 census, the population was 2,614.
Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Lensky District (Russian: Ле́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Lensky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Udorsky District of the Komi Republic in the north, Syktyvdinsky, Ust-Vymsky, and Sysolsky Districts, also of the Komi Republic, in the east, Vilegodsky District in the south, and with Kotlassky and Krasnoborsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 10,700 square kilometers (4,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yarensk. Population:  13,362 (2010 Census); 16,071 (2002 Census); 20,488 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yarensk accounts for 27.4% of the district's total population.

Vilegodsky District
Vilegodsky District (Russian: Вилего́дский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vilegodsky Municipal District. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Lensky District in the north, Sysolsky and Priluzsky Districts of the Komi Republic in the east, Luzsky District of Kirov Oblast in the south, and with Kotlassky District in the west. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Ilyinsko-Podomskoye. District's population:  11,158 (2010 Census); 13,241 (2002 Census); 16,616 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Ilyinsko-Podomskoye accounts for 33.0% of the district's total population.
Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug. The entire process—from concept through preclinical testing in the laboratory to clinical trial development, including Phase I–III trials—to approved vaccine or drug typically takes more than a decade.

Lead compound
A lead compound (/ˈliːd/, i.e., a "leading" compound; not to be confused with various compounds of the element lead) in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharma­co­logical or biological activity likely to be therapeutically useful, but may never­the­less have suboptimal structure that requires modification to fit better to the target; lead drugs offer the prospect of being followed by "back-up" compounds. The chemical structure serves as a starting point for chemical modifications in order to improve potency, selectivity, or pharma­co­kinetic parameters. Furthermore, newly-invented pharma­co­logically active moieties may have poor druglikeness and may require chemical modification to become "drug-like" enough to be tested biologically or clinically.

Lead compounds are sometimes called developmental candidates. This is because the discovery and selection of lead compounds occurs prior to preclinical and clinical development of the candidate.
Listed buildings in Bishop Monkton
Bishop Monkton is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 13 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the village of Bishop Monkton and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of houses and associated structures, a barn, two former mills, a milepost and a church.

Bishop Monkton
Bishop Monkton is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England, about five miles south of Ripon.  According to the 2001 census it had a population of 775, increasing slightly to 778 at the 2011 Census. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population to be 760.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Main features of the village include a beck which runs through the centre of the village, St John the Baptist's Church and a Methodist church, a village hall and playing fields, a primary school, a pub and two caravan sites.

It is within easy reach of Ripon and Harrogate (via the A61); Leeds and York are both less than an hour's drive away.

Littlethorpe and Burton Leonard are the nearest villages.
Rhaetic
Rhaetic or Raetic (/ˈraɪtɪk/), also known as Rhaetian, was a Tyrsenian language spoken in the ancient region of Rhaetia in the eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times. It is documented by around 280 texts dated from the 5th through the 1st century BC, which were found through northern Italy, southern Germany, eastern Switzerland, Slovenia and western Austria, in two variants of the Old Italic scripts. Rhaetic is largely accepted as being closely related to Etruscan.

The ancient Rhaetic language is not to be confused with the modern Romance languages of the same Alpine region, known as Rhaeto-Romance.

Fritzens-Sanzeno culture
The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture is an archaeological culture attested in the second Iron Age, from ca. 500 BC until the end of the first century BC, in the Alpine region of Trentino and South Tyrol; in the period of maximum expansion it also reached the Engadin region to the west and East Tyrol. It takes its name from the two towns of Fritzens (Austria) and Sanzeno (Trentino), where important archaeological excavations were carried out at the beginning of the 20th century.

The Fritzens-Sanzeno culture replaced the Laugen-Melaun culture in South Tyrol and Trentino and the Inntal culture (associated with the Urnfield and Hallstatt cultures) in the Austrian Tyrol, merging the two cultures together. It also had some impact on East Tyrol. The culture has been identified with the Raeti and it ceased to exist in the period following the conquest of the Alps by Augustus in 15 BC, which also marks the end of the Iron Age in the region.
National Diet
The National Diet (国会, Kokkai; Japanese pronunciation: [kok̚.kai]) is the national legislature of Japan. It is composed of a lower house, called the House of Representatives (衆議院, Shūgiin), and an upper house, the House of Councillors (参議院, Sangiin). Both houses are directly elected under a parallel voting system. In addition to passing laws, the Diet is formally responsible for nominating the prime minister. The Diet was first established as the Imperial Diet in 1890 under the Meiji Constitution, and took its current form in 1947 upon the adoption of the post-war constitution. Both houses meet in the National Diet Building (国会議事堂, Kokkai-gijidō) in Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo.

Cabinet of Japan
The Cabinet of Japan (内閣, Naikaku; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜi.ka.kɯ]) is the chief executive body of the government of Japan. It consists of the prime minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the National Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, called ministers of state. The current cabinet, the Second Takaichi cabinet, was formed on 18 February 2026 and is led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The country has had a Liberal Democratic Party-led majority government since 2026.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.
SAIC-GM
SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited (commonly known as SAIC-GM; Chinese: 上汽通用汽车) is a joint venture between General Motors Company and SAIC Motor. The company was founded in 1997 as Shanghai General Motors Company Ltd or Shanghai GM (Chinese: 上海通用汽车). Headquartered in Shanghai, the company manufactures and sells Chevrolet, Buick, and Cadillac brand automobiles in mainland China, and exports its cars to several overseas markets.

Buick Encore GX
The Buick Encore GX is a subcompact crossover SUV built by General Motors starting in 2019. Like the smaller Encore and the related Chevrolet Trailblazer, the Encore GX is manufactured by GM Korea. In China, it is manufactured by the SAIC-GM joint venture.
CD Alcoyano
Club Deportivo Alcoyano, S.A.D. is a Spanish football team based in Alcoy, in the  autonomous community of Valencia. Founded in 1928, it plays in Segunda Federación – Group 3, holding home games in Estadio El Collao, with a capacity of 4,850 seats.

Estadio El Collao
Estadio El Collao is a Stadium located in Calle Oliver in the city of Alcoy (Alicante), Spain. It is the home ground of CD Alcoyano with a capacity of 3,371 spectators.

This stadium has hosted matches of the 1st division, 2nd division, 2nd division B, 3rd division, and regional levels.  The pitch has a dimensions of 102 x 63 meters.
Frobenius–Schur indicator
In mathematics, and especially the discipline of representation theory, the Schur indicator, named after Issai Schur, or Frobenius–Schur indicator describes what invariant bilinear forms a given irreducible representation of a compact group on a complex vector space has. It can be used to classify the  irreducible representations of compact groups on real vector spaces.

Quaternionic representation
In the mathematical field of representation theory, a quaternionic representation is a representation on a complex vector space V with an invariant quaternionic structure, i.e., an antilinear equivariant map

which satisfies

Together with the imaginary unit i and the antilinear map k := ij, j equips V with the structure of a quaternionic vector space (i.e., V becomes a module over the division algebra of quaternions). From this point of view, quaternionic representation of a group G is a group homomorphism φ: G → GL(V, H), the group of invertible quaternion-linear transformations of V. In particular, a quaternionic matrix representation of g assigns a square matrix of quaternions ρ(g) to each element g of G such that ρ(e) is the identity matrix and

Quaternionic representations of associative and Lie algebras can be defined in a similar way.
James Ross Mellon
James Ross Mellon (born 1942), variously known as "Jay" and "Jamie", is an author and safarist. He is a member of the Mellon family and has been called the patriarch of the branch of the family descended from William Larimer Mellon Sr. Born in the United States to Matthew and Gertrude Mellon, he later renounced his American citizenship and became a British Overseas Territories citizen while taking up residence in Monaco.

Matthew T. Mellon
Matthew Taylor Mellon (July 6, 1897 — June 24, 1992) was an American scholar, mountaineer, yachtsman, and philanthropist.

A member of the wealthy Mellon family, he was the first Pittsburghian to summit the Matterhorn and the first to cross the Atlantic Ocean on the airship Hindenburg.  He lectured at the University of Freiburg for more than a decade, authored the text Early American Views on Slavery, and served on the Colby College board of trustees. He was passionately supportive of the German Nazi Party. He is the namesake and benefactor of the Matthew T. Mellon Foundation.
Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
On October 26–27, 2019, the United States conducted a military operation codenamed Operation Kayla Mueller that resulted in the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the then-leader and self-proclaimed caliph of the Islamic State. The operation took place in the outskirts of Barisha, Idlib Governorate, Syria. According to General Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) commander who oversaw the operation, Baghdadi killed himself along with two children when he detonated a suicide belt while fleeing from U.S. forces during the raid.

The U.S. operation was named for Kayla Mueller, an American aid worker who had been captured by and died in the custody of the Islamic State.

Dogs in warfare
Dogs have a very long history in warfare, beginning in ancient times. From being trained in combat, to their use as scouts, sentries, messengers, mercy dogs, and trackers, their uses have been varied, and some continue to exist in modern military usage.
KKXX-FM
KKXX-FM (93.1 MHz, "Hits 93.1") is a radio station broadcasting a Top 40 (CHR) music format.   KKXX-FM is licensed to Shafter, California, and serves the Bakersfield, California area. The station is owned by American General Media. The station's studios are located at Easton Business Complex in southwest Bakersfield, and its transmitter is located just north of Oildale.

From the late 1970s through the early 2000s, under several owners, KKXX was one of the most popular radio stations in Bakersfield and Kern County for youth oriented music.

KBFP-FM
KBFP-FM (105.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Delano, California, and serving the Bakersfield metropolitan area.  The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., and calls itself "Sunny 105.3."  It broadcasts an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December.   Most of the programming is syndicated:  "Valentine in the Morning" comes from co-owned KBIG Los Angeles, afternoon drive time is from "John Tesh Intelligence for Your Life" and evenings feature the call-in and dedication show "Delilah."

KBFP-FM's radio studios are on Mohawk Street in southwest Bakersfield.  The transmitter is off Porterville Highway (California State Route 65) in Shafter, California.
Albrecht III Achilles
Albrecht III (9 November 1414 – 11 March 1486) was Elector of Brandenburg from 1471 until his death, the third from the House of Hohenzollern. A member of the Order of the Swan, he received the cognomen Achilles  because of his knightly qualities and virtues. He also ruled in the Franconian principalities of Ansbach from 1440 and Kulmbach from 1464 (as Albrecht I).

Henry XI of Głogów
Henry XI of Głogów (Polish: Henryk; ca. 1435 – 22 February 1476) was a Duke of Głogów (including half of Głogów, Szprotawa, Krosno Odrzańskie, Świebodzin, Kożuchów and Zielona Góra) and Lubin since 1467.

He was the second son of Henryk IX Starszy, Duke of Głogów by his wife Hedwig, daughter of Duke Konrad III the Old duke of Oleśnica.
Gößnitz–Gera railway
The Gößnitz–Gera railway is a single-track main line in the German state of Thuringia, which was originally built and operated by the Gößnitz-Gera Railway Company. The route is an important section of a long-distance line connecting the west Saxon industrial district and western Germany (the Mid-German Connection). It runs from Gößnitz on the Leipzig–Hof line via Ronneburg to Gera.

Leipzig–Hof railway
The Leipzig–Hof railway is a two-track main line in the German states of Saxony, Thuringia and Bavaria, originally built and operated by the Saxon-Bavarian Railway Company. It runs from Leipzig through Altenburg, the Werdau wye junction, Reichenbach and Plauen to Hof. The Werdau–Hof section is part of the Saxon-Franconian trunk line (Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale), the line connecting Dresden and Nuremberg. Its first section opened in 1842 and it is one of the oldest railways in Germany.

As a result of the division of Germany after the Second World War, the line lost considerable importance. Even after German reunification in 1989/90, the line has not been able to regain its former importance, especially as government policy gave preference to the extensive upgrade of the parallel Großheringen–Saalfeld railway. The remaining long-distance services ended In 2006.
The Masterpiece (Hong Kong)
The Masterpiece is a 64-floor, 261 metre (856 ft) tall luxury apartment in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong. It houses the six-storey K11 shopping centre in the lower levels and basement. The 381-room Hyatt Regency hotel, located from Level 3 to 24, opened in October 2009. 345 luxury residential apartments occupy the 27th to 67th floors with penthouse apartment units located on the top floors of the building.

The complex is connected to both Tsim Sha Tsui and East Tsim Sha Tsui MTR stations via underground subway links with the K11 shopping centre.

Tsim Sha Tsui
Tsim Sha Tsui (Chinese: 尖沙咀), often abbreviated as TST, is an area in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong. The area is administratively part of the Yau Tsim Mong District. Tsim Sha Tsui East is a piece of land reclaimed from the Hung Hom Bay now east of Tsim Sha Tsui. The area is bounded north by Austin Road and in the east by Hong Chong Road and Cheong Wan Road.

Geographically, Tsim Sha Tsui is a cape on the tip of the Kowloon Peninsula pointing towards Victoria Harbour, opposite Central. Several villages had been established in this location before Kowloon was ceded to the British Empire in 1860. The name Tsim Sha Tsui in Cantonese means sharp sandspit. It was also known as Heung Po Tau (香埗頭), i.e. a port for exporting incense tree.

Tsim Sha Tsui is a major tourist hub in Hong Kong, with many high-end shops, bars, pubs and restaurants that cater to tourists. Many of Hong Kong's museums are located in the area.
Kappa1 Ceti
Kappa1 Ceti is a yellow-hued variable star in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from κ1 Ceti, and abbreviated Kappa1 Cet or κ1 Cet. Bayer used the designations κ Ceti and g Tauri for the same star; g Tauri is now no longer used. With an apparent visual magnitude of 4.84, it is visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of 30.3 light-years (9.3 pc) from the Sun. The star is drifting further away with a line of sight velocity component of +20 km/s.

The star was discovered to have a rapid rotation, roughly once every nine days. Though there are no extrasolar planets confirmed to be orbiting the star, Kappa1 Ceti is considered a good candidate to contain terrestrial planets, like the Earth. The system is a candidate binary star, but has not been confirmed.

Bayer designation
A Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations.
Votanikos Mosque
The Votanikos Mosque, more commonly known as the Mosque of Athens (Greek: Ισλαμικό Τέμενος Αθηνών, romanized: Islamiko Temenos Athinon) or the Athens Mosque (Greek: Τζαμί της Αθήνας, romanized: Tzami tis Athinas, lit. 'Athens Mosque'), is a mosque in the Votanikos neighbourhood of Athens, Greece. It is the first official mosque in the Greek capital since the Greek War of Independence. Until the mosque was completed in 2020, Athens was the only European capital city without a mosque. Construction of the mosque was opposed by the Greek Orthodox Church and subject to civil and judicial protests. Construction of the mosque was funded by the Greek Government and  it is the only mosque in a European capital built solely using government funds.

Islam in Greece
Islam in Greece is represented by two distinct communities; Muslims that have lived in Greece since the times of the Ottoman Empire (primarily in East Macedonia and Thrace) and Muslim immigrants that began arriving in the last quarter of the 20th century, mainly in Athens and Thessaloniki. Today, Muslims in Greece are mainly immigrants from West Asia (Syria, Iraq, Iran, Palestine), other Balkan regions (Turkey, Albania), South Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan), and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt).
Crinkle Crags
Crinkle Crags is a fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. It forms part of two major rings of mountains, surrounding the valleys of Great Langdale and Upper Eskdale. The name reflects the fell's physical appearance as its summit ridge is a series of five rises and depressions (crinkles) that are very distinctive from the valley floor. In Old English, cringol means twisted or wrinkled.

Alfred Wainwright
Alfred Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 – 20 January 1991), who preferred to be known as A. Wainwright or A.W., was a British fellwalker, guidebook author and illustrator. His seven-volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, published between 1955 and 1966 and consisting entirely of reproductions of his manuscript, has become the standard reference work to 214 of the fells of the English Lake District. Among his 40-odd other books is the first guide to the Coast to Coast Walk, a 182-mile (293-kilometre) long-distance footpath devised by Wainwright which remains popular today.