hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gaze
The gaze (French: le regard), in the figurative sense, is an individual's (or a group's) awareness and perception of other individuals, other groups, or oneself. Since the 20th century, the concept and the social applications of the gaze have been expanded by phenomenologist, existentialist, and post-structuralist philosophers. Jean-Paul Sartre described the gaze (or the look) in Being and Nothingness (1943). Michel Foucault, in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975), developed the concept of the gaze to illustrate the dynamics of socio-political power relations and the social dynamics of society's mechanisms of discipline. Jacques Derrida, in The Animal That Therefore I Am (More to Come) (1997), elaborated upon the inter-species relations that exist among human beings and other animals, which are established by way of the gaze.

Laura Mulvey
Laura Mulvey (born 15 August 1941) is a British feminist film theorist and filmmaker. She was educated at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She is currently professor of film and media studies at Birkbeck, University of London. She previously taught at Bulmershe College, the London College of Printing, the University of East Anglia, and the British Film Institute.

During the 2008–09 academic year, Mulvey was the Mary Cornille Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Humanities at Wellesley College. Mulvey has been awarded three honorary degrees: in 2006 a Doctor of Letters from the University of East Anglia; in 2009 a Doctor of Law from Concordia University; and in 2012 a Bloomsday Doctor of Literature from University College Dublin.
Kongka Pass
The Kongka Pass or Kongka La (Tibetan: དགུན་ཁ་ལ, Wylie: dgun kha la, THL: gün kha la) is a low mountain pass on the Line of Actual Control between India and China in eastern Ladakh. It lies on a spur of the Karakoram range  that intrudes into the Chang Chenmo Valley adjacent to the disputed Aksai Chin region. China claimed the location as its border in a 1956 map, and attacked an Indian patrol party in 1959 killing ten policemen and apprehending ten others. Known as the Kongka Pass incident, the event was a milestone in the escalation of the border dispute between the two countries.

Tsogtsalu
Tsogtsalu or Tsolu is a pasture, traditional campsite, and Indian Military's base in the Ladakh union territory of India, in the Chang Chenmo Valley close to India's LAC border with Tibet. It is located at the confluence of the Rimdi Chu river that flows north from Marsemik La and the west-flowing Chang Chenmo River.
Sea-Doo
Sea-Doo is a Canadian brand of personal watercraft (PWC) and boats manufactured by Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP). All Sea-Doo models are driven by an impeller-driven waterjet. All Sea-Doo PWC models are produced at BRP's plants in Querétaro and Juárez, Mexico. Its Rotax engines are produced at BRP's plant in Gunskirchen, Austria. In 2016, Sea-Doo had a 45.8% share of the PWC market in the US.

Rotax
Rotax is the brand name for a range of internal combustion engines developed and manufactured by the Austrian company BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co KG (until 2016 BRP-Powertrain GmbH & Co. KG), in turn owned by the Canadian Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP). Under the Rotax brand, the company is one of the world's largest producers of light piston engines.

Rotax four-stroke and advanced two-stroke engines are used in a wide variety of small land, sea and airborne vehicles. Bombardier Recreational Products use them in their own range of such vehicles. Since the 1990s, Rotax has been the world's dominant supplier of engines for ultralight aircraft and light sport aircraft, and a major producer of engines for other light aircraft.
1990 LPGA Championship
The 1990 LPGA Championship was the 36th LPGA Championship, played July 26–29 at Bethesda Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb northwest of Washington, D.C.

Five strokes back, Beth Daniel shot a final round 66 (−5) for 280 (−4) to win her sole major title, a stroke ahead of runner-up Rosie Jones, the third round leader.

This was the first of four consecutive LPGA Championships at Bethesda Country Club. The purse (and winner's share) were doubled this year to $1 million and $150,000, respectively, the largest in LPGA Tour history. The LPGA Championship was the tour's richest major from this year through 1995.

1995 LPGA Championship
The 1995 LPGA Championship was the 41st LPGA Championship, played May 11–14 at DuPont Country Club in Wilmington, Delaware.

Kelly Robbins won her only major title, one stroke ahead of defending champion Laura Davies. Robbins had led after each of the first two rounds, but fell a stroke behind leader Davies after 54 holes. In a cool rain on Sunday, Robbins birdied three of the final seven holes to pass Davies for the win.

This was the second of eleven consecutive LPGA Championships at DuPont Country Club. It was the richest major on tour from 1990 through this year, passed by the U.S. Women's Open in 1996.
Maweni, Tanga City Council
Maweni (Kata ya Maweni, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Kiomoni forms the ward's northern border. Mwanzange and Tangasisi are the two wards that are bounded to the east. Tongoni ward is in the south. Pongwe is to the west. The ward covers an area of 72.7 km2 (28.1 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 75 m (246 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 14,091.

Tangasisi
Tangasisi (Kata ya Tangasisi, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Mwanzange, Duga, Mabawa, and Mzingani form the ward's northern border. The Pemba Channel forms the eastern boundary of the ward. Tongoni is to the south. Maweni is to the west.
The ward covers an area of 38.9 km2 (15.0 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 27 m (89 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 19,149. The ward was the birthplace, home of national poet Shaaban bin Robert in Vibamba village and is also his final resting place at Machui village.
Shamshir, Iran
Shamshir (Persian: شمشير) is a village in, and the capital of, Shamshir Rural District of the Central District of Paveh County, Kermanshah province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Churizhi, now a neighborhood in the city of Paveh.

Shamshir Rural District
Shamshir Rural District (Persian: دهستان شمشير) is in the Central District of Paveh County, Kermanshah province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Shamshir. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Churizhi, now a neighborhood in the city of Paveh with a population of 3,500 people.
Furqan Ansari
Furkan Ansari (born 5 February 1948) is an Indian politician. A member of the Indian National Congress (INC), he was the Member of Parliament for the Godda constituency of Jharkhand in the 14th Lok Sabha (2004-2009). He is Senior INC Leader of Jharkhand and was a Member of Bihar and Jharkhand Legislative Assembly for five terms from 1980 to 2004.

His son Irfan Ansari is a Member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly for the Jamtara constituency; he too is an INC member.

Irfan Ansari
Irfan Ansari is an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. Ansari is a member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly from the Jamtara constituency in Jamtara district in 2014 and 2019 and 2024.

His father Furqan Ansari was also a Member of Legislative assembly from Jamtara constituency of Jharkhand being an Indian National Congress candidate. He is the current cabinet minister for the Minister of  Rural Development, Minister of Rural Works and Minister of Panchayati Raj in Government of Jharkhand.
François-Jean Bralle
François-Jean Bralle (11 January 1750 – 12 June 1832) was a French architect and engineer, best known as for the construction of fountains in Paris during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte. Bralle  was commissioned to build fifteen new fountains in Paris, including the fontaine de Mars, the fontaine du Fellah, and the Fontaine du Palmier in the Place du Châtelet, which are still functioning today.

Fontaine de Léda
The Fontaine de Léda, also sometimes referred to as the Fontaine du Regard, is a Parisian sculptural wall fountain built in 1806–1808 during the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte. The fountain depicts the legend of Leda and the Swan, with a central bas-relief panel by Achille Valois. It was originally located at the corner of the rue de Vaugirard and rue du Regard, hence the alternative name; however, in 1864, during the reconstruction of Paris by Emperor Louis Napoleon, the fountain was moved to the back side of the Medici Fountain in the Luxembourg Garden, where it remains.
Theodor von Reding
Theodor von Reding (5 July 1755 – 23 April 1809) was a Swiss mercenary who served in the Spanish Army. He was a governor and military commander in Spain during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Peninsular War.

Swiss mercenaries
The Swiss mercenaries were a powerful infantry force of professional soldiers originating from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. They were notable for their service in foreign armies, especially among the military forces of the kings of France, throughout the early modern period of European history, from the Late Middle Ages into the 19th century.

Their service as mercenaries was at its peak during the Renaissance, when their proven battlefield capabilities made them sought-after mercenary troops. There followed a period of decline, as technological and organizational advances counteracted the Swiss' advantages. Switzerland's military isolationism largely put an end to organized mercenary activity; the principal remnant of the practice is the Pontifical Swiss Guard at the Vatican.
Toonturama
Toonturama is an American children's programming block that airs on the Spanish-language television network UniMás (formerly known as Telefutura Network) which debuted on January 15, 2002 ("Mi Tele") and January 19, 2002 ("Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior"). The four-hour block—which airs Saturday and Sunday mornings from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Pacific Time—features live action and animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 14. It was the network's attempt to have a Saturday morning block.

Programs featured on the block consist of a mixture of series originally produced in Spanish and dubbed versions of series that were originally produced and broadcast in English. All shows featured on Toonturama are designed to meet federally mandated educational programming guidelines defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) via the Children's Television Act.

Planeta U
Planeta U (English: "Planet U"), usually referenced as Tu Planeta U ("Your Planet U") is an American children's programming block that airs on the Spanish language television network Univision, which debuted on September 15, 2001. The three-hour block – which airs Saturday and Sunday mornings from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Pacific Time – features animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 8.

Programs featured on the block consist almost entirely of Spanish-dubbed versions of series that were originally produced and broadcast in English (with the exception of Pocoyo, which was produced in Spain). All shows featured on Planeta U are designed to meet federally mandated educational programming guidelines defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) via the Children's Television Act.
Apistobuthus
Apistobuthus is a genus of scorpions in the family Buthidae. It was described by Susan Finnegan in 1932, and was for a long time considered to be monotypic, containing the single species A. pterygocercus. In 1998, a second species, A. susanae, was described by Wilson Lourenço; its specific epithet commemorates Susan Finnegan. A. susanae differs from A. pterygocercus in having stouter legs and pedipalps, among other characteristics. Both species are highly venomous and the second segment of their tail is wider than the others.

Buthidae
The Buthidae are the largest family of scorpions, containing about 100 genera and 1300 species as of 2025. A few very large genera (Ananteris, Centruroides, Compsobuthus, or Tityus) are known, but a high number of species-poor or monotypic ones also exist. New taxa are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the Buthidae make up the superfamily Buthoidea. The family was established by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837.

Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (Hemiscorpius lepturus) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
Nikita Mandryka
Nikita Mandryka (20 October 1940 – 13 June 2021) was a French comics artist.

He started drawing in the Vaillant magazine, before moving to Pilote in 1967, and then created L'Écho des savanes along with Claire Bretécher and Marcel Gotlib in 1972. He left this magazine in 1979, going back to Pilote as editorial director. His major and better known works are Le Concombre Masqué (The Masked Cucumber) stories. He won the Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême in 1994.

Pilote
Pilote (French: [pilɔt]), for a while subtitled the magazine of Asterix and Obelix (French: Le Journal D’Astérix et D’Obélix ) was a French comics magazine published from 1959 to 1989. Showcasing most of the major French or Belgian comics talents of its day the magazine introduced major series such as Astérix, Barbe-Rouge, Blueberry, Achille Talon, and Valérian et Laureline.  Major comics writers like René Goscinny, Jean-Michel Charlier, Greg, Pierre Christin and Jacques Lob were featured in the magazine, as were artists such as Jijé, Morris, Albert Uderzo, Jean (Mœbius) Giraud, Enki Bilal, Jean-Claude Mézières, Jacques Tardi, Philippe Druillet, Marcel Gotlib, Alexis, and Annie Goetzinger.

Pilote also published several international talents such as Hugo Pratt, Frank Bellamy and Robert Crumb.
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, commonly known as Valley Medical Center or simply Valley Medical, is a prominent 731-bed public tertiary, teaching, and research hospital in Santa Clara County, California. Located in the unincorporated Fruitdale neighborhood of West San Jose, Valley Medical Center is the anchor facility of the Santa Clara County Health System, serving Santa Clara County. Valley Medical is home to numerous innovative research and care centers, such as the Rehabilitation Trauma Center, the only federally-designated spinal cord injury center in Northern California.

Santa Clara County Health System
The County of Santa Clara Health System is the public healthcare system of Santa Clara County, California. It includes a network of county-owned hospitals and clinics called Santa Clara Valley Healthcare, health-related county agencies including the Public Health Department, and a health insurance plan.
Los Andes metro station
Los Andes is a Panama Metro station on Line 1. It was one of the first 11 stations when the metro was opened on 5 April 2014 and began operations on the following day. It is an elevated station. The station is located between Pan de Azúcar and San Isidro. It remained the northern terminus of Line 1 until 15 August 2015, when the line was extended north to San Isidro. This station provides access to Los Andes Mall

Los Andes station is located in San Miguelito District, at the intersection of Highway 3 and Avenida de Los Andes.

San Isidro metro station
San Isidro is a Panama Metro station on Line 1. It was open on 15 August 2015 as the northern terminus of an extension of Line 1 from Los Andes. On 25 April 2024, the line was extended to Villa Zaita, and San Isidro ceased to be the terminus.  It is an elevated station.

San Isidro station is located in San Miguelito District, above Highway 3, in San Isidro neighborhood.
Sarcoporia
Sarcoporia is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Petter Karsten in 1894, with the widespread fungus Sarcoporia polyspora as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words σάρξ ("flesh") and πόρος ("pore").

Polyporaceae
The Polyporaceae (/pɔːliːpoʊreɪsiˌaɪ, -siːˌiː/) are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota.  The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough.  Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth).  Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.

Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus Abundisporus have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent.
Lamium amplexicaule
Lamium amplexicaule, commonly known as henbit dead-nettle, is a species of Lamium native to most of Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The specific name refers to the leaves, which are amplexicaul (clasping the stem).

Lamium
Lamium (dead-nettles) is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, of which it is the type genus. They are all herbaceous plants native to Eurasia and northern Africa, with several widely naturalised across much of the temperate world.
Arthur–Leonard Historic District
Arthur–Leonard Historic District is a national historic district located at Liberty, Clay County, Missouri.  It encompasses 36 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Liberty. The district developed between about 1868 and 1946, and includes representative examples of Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Prairie School, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style residential architecture.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Liberty, Missouri
Liberty is a city in and the county seat of Clay County, Missouri, United States and is a suburb of Kansas City, located in the Kansas City Metro Area. As of the 2020 United States census the population was 30,167. Liberty is home to William Jewell College and the historic Liberty Jail.
Debnath
Debnath (sometimes Nath) is a Bengali surname. The individuals with this surname mainly belong to the Yogi-Nath or Jugi caste group which is listed as Other Backward Class in West Bengal. Prior to independence, census statistics rarely included the caste name Debnath or Nath. 19th-century British sources mentioned that castes known as jogis or jugis existed in Bengal, Punjab and Rajputana. The Naths, however, were one of the six subgroups of Jogi in the Rajasthan Hindi census. Some sources claim that Jogis held a low position during the 19th century. They appear to be particularly linked to failed ascetics and weavers who are often of lower status. In Assam, Yogi(nath) were historically known for drumming, now agriculture is their main occupation. In the state of Himachal Pradesh they are classified as Scheduled Caste under India's Reservation system.

Nath (surname)
Nath is an Indian surname, commonly found among Bengali Hindus and Assamese Hindus. They belong to the Yogi-Nath or Jugi group and are listed as Other Backward Class in West Bengal. Prior to independence, census statistics rarely included the caste name Nath. 19th-century British sources mentioned that castes known as jogis or jugis existed in Bengal, Punjab and Rajputana. The Naths, however, were one of the six subgroups of Jogi in the Rajasthan Hindi census. Some sources claim that Jogis held a low position during the 19th century. They appear to be particularly linked to failed ascetics and weavers who are often of lower status. In Assam, Yogi (nath) were historically known for drumming, now agriculture is their main occupation. In the state of Himachal Pradesh they are classified as Scheduled Caste under India's Reservation system.
Baul
The Baul (Bengali: বাউল) are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism and Vaishnava Sahajiya from different parts of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley and Meghalaya. Bauls constitute both a syncretic religious sect of troubadours and a musical tradition. Bauls are a very heterogeneous group, with many sects, but their membership mainly consists of Gaudiya Vaishnava Bengali Hindus and Sufi Bengali Muslims. They can often be identified by their distinctive clothes and musical instruments. Lalon Shah is regarded as the most celebrated Baul saint in history.

Although Bauls constitute only a small fraction of the Bengali population, their influence on the culture of Bengal is considerable. In 2005, the "Baul tradition of Bangladesh" was included in the list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.

Parvathy Baul
Parvati Baul is a Baul folk singer, musician and storyteller from Bengal and one of the leading Baul musicians in India. Trained under Baul gurus, Sanatan Das Baul, Shashanko Goshai Baul in Bengal, she has been performing both in India and other countries since 1995.

She is married to Ravi Gopalan Nair, a noted Pava Kathakali glove puppet artist, and is based in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala, since 1997, where she also runs, "Ektara Baul Sangeetha Kalari" a school for Baul music.
DRG Class 86
The DRG Class 86 was a standard (see Einheitsdampflokomotive) goods train tank locomotive with the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft. It was intended for duties on branch lines and was delivered by almost all the locomotive building firms working for the Reichsbahn. From 1942 it was built in a simplified version as a 'transitional war locomotive' (Übergangskriegslokomotive or ÜK). The most obvious changes were the omission of the second side windows in the cab and the solid disc carrying wheels.

Einheitsdampflokomotive
The Einheitsdampflokomotiven ("standard steam locomotives"), sometimes shortened to Einheitslokomotiven, Einheitsloks, Einheitsdampfloks or simply Dampflok, were the standardized steam locomotives built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. Their manufacture made extensive use of standard design features, components and it's still in use.
Governorates of Lebanon
Lebanon is divided into nine governorates (Arabic: muhafazah).

Each governorate is headed by a governor (Arabic: muhafiz).

All of the governorates except for Beirut and Akkar are divided into districts, which are further subdivided into municipalities.

The newest governorate is Keserwan-Jbeil, which was gazetted on 7 September 2017 but whose first governor, Pauline Deeb, was not appointed until 2020. Implementation of the next most recently created governorates, Akkar and Baalbek-Hermel, also remains ongoing since the appointment of their first governors in 2014.

Beirut Governorate
Beirut Governorate (Arabic: محافظة بيروت, Muhāfazat Bayrūt) is a Lebanese governorate that consists of one district and one city, Beirut, which is also its capital, and the capital of Lebanon.

The area of this governorate is 19.8 km2 (without suburbs); despite its small size, it is considered the most important region in Lebanon because of its economic, political, cultural, and social activity. The governor of the Beirut Governate is Greek Orthodox according to tradition, while the mayor of the City of Beirut is Sunni Muslim. Beirut is known to be the most religiously diverse city in the Middle East. There are about 2.5 million people in Beirut and its suburbs (Greater Beirut).