hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puffbird
The puffbirds and their relatives in the family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their closest relatives, the jacamars, they form a divergent lineage within the order Piciformes, though the two families are sometimes elevated to a separate order Galbuliformes. Lacking the iridescent colours of the jacamars, puffbirds are mainly brown, rufous or grey, with large heads, large eyes, and flattened bills with a hooked tip. Their loose, abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English name of the family. The species range in size from the rufous-capped nunlet, at 13 cm (5.1 in) and 14 g (0.49 oz), to the white-necked puffbird, at up to 29 cm (11 in) and 106 g (3.7 oz).

White-necked puffbird
The white-necked puffbird (Notharchus hyperrhynchus) is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Black Cat (1991 film)
Black Cat (Chinese: 黑貓; pinyin: Hēi māo) is a 1991 Hong Kong action film directed and produced by Stephen Shin. The film stars Jade Leung as Catherine who accidentally kills a truck driver. After escaping trial, she is captured by medics who insert a "Black Cat" chip into her brain putting her under the complete control of the American CIA. The CIA makes her into a new CIA agent known as Erica.

Director Stephen Shin originally wanted the film to be a straight remake of Luc Besson's film La Femme Nikita but couldn't after Warner Bros. purchased the rights for an American remake, which became John Badham's Point of No Return. Critics compared the film unfavorably to La Femme Nikita. Jade Leung won the award for Best Newcomer at the 11th Hong Kong Film Awards for her role in the film. A sequel titled Black Cat 2: The Assassination of President Yeltsin was released in 1992.

Jade Leung
Jade Leung (Chinese: 梁琤; Jyutping: loeng4 zang1), born 23 November 1969 in Hong Kong as Leung Yuk-yin (梁玉燕) is a Hong Kong actress known for starring in kung fu and action films.

She received the 1992 Best New Performer Award at the 11th Hong Kong Film Awards for her role in the 1991 film Black Cat.
Journal of Hindu Studies
The Journal of Hindu Studies is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal established in 2008. It is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies. It covers all aspects of Hindu studies.

Of the three annual issues, one is guest-edited and another is open to general submissions. The third issue usually publishes conference and panel papers. The first two issues are on the same broad annual theme. Themes published to date include: Hermeneutics and Interpretation, Aesthetics and the Arts, and Reason and Rationality.

The disciplines represented in the journal include history, philology, literature and the arts, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, archaeology, and religious studies.

The editors-in-chief are Rembert Lutjeharms (University of Oxford), James Madaio (Czech Academy of Sciences), and Lucian Wong (Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies).

Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies
The Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies, founded in 1997 and based in Oxford, England, is a research academy focused on the study and teaching of Hindu cultures of India and Nepal. It develops academic programmes of education, research and publishing in Hindu studies. It aims to encourage the Hindu community in the academic study of their own traditions and cultures. From 2006 to 2020, it was granted the status of a "recognised independent centre" working with the University of Oxford.
WGVU-FM
WGVU-FM is an NPR member station serving Grand Rapids, Michigan.  Owned by Grand Valley State University, it is simulcast in West Michigan.  The main broadcast frequency is 88.5 MHz, which is licensed to Allendale, the Grand Rapids suburb that is home to Grand Valley State's main campus.  It is simulcast on WGVS-FM 95.3 MHz, which is licensed to Whitehall and serves Muskegon.  The format is talk radio from NPR, along with jazz.

Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley State University (GVSU, GV, or Grand Valley) is a public university in Allendale, Michigan, United States. It was established in 1960 as Grand Valley State College. Its main campus is situated on 1,322 acres (5.35 km2) approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Grand Rapids. The university also features campuses in Grand Rapids and Holland and regional centers in Battle Creek, Detroit, Muskegon, and Traverse City.

GVSU enrolled more than 22,000 students as of fall 2025 from 82 of 83 Michigan counties and dozens of other states and foreign countries. It employed nearly 4,000 people, with about 1,800 faculty and 2,000 staff. The university has alumni from 50 U.S. states, Canada, and 25 other countries.

GVSU's NCAA Division II sports teams are the Lakers and they compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) in all 20 intercollegiate varsity sports. They have won 31 NCAA Division II National Championships.
Leonid Krupnik
Leonid Krupnik (born July 15, 1979) is a former footballer and current coach.  He played college soccer at the University of California, Berkeley. He played soccer professionally for the Des Moines Menace, MetroStars, Wilmington Hammerheads, Charleston Battery, Maccabi Netanya, Maccabi Herzliya, Bnei Sakhnin, Maccabi Haifa, New York Red Bulls, Maccabi Netanya, Hapoel Petah Tikva, Maccabi Umm al-Fahm, Maccabi Kabilio Jaffa, and Sektzia Nes Tziona. He won a silver medal at the 2005 Maccabiah Games in Israel with Team USA.

2005 Maccabiah Games
The 17th Maccabiah Games (Hebrew: המכביה ה-17 ישראל תשס"ה), held in Israel, were an incarnation of the 'Jewish Olympics.' They attracted the largest attendance of any Maccabiah Games, including more than 900 representatives from the United States, almost 500 from Australia, and more than 2,000 from Israel, bringing the total participants to more than 7,700 from 55 countries.

Israel ended the games at the top of the medal count with 228 gold medals.  The United States was second with 71 gold medals, while Russia came in third with 15.
Adjetey Anang
Adjetey Anang (born 8 July 1973) is a Ghanaian actor. He is best known for his portrayal of the character Pusher in the television series Things We Do for Love and YOLO. He has featured in many Ghanaian films, including Deadly Voyage, A Sting in a Tale, and The Perfect Picture, as well as the Dutch film Slavery.

A Sting in a Tale
A Sting in a Tale is a 2009 Ghanaian thriller film written and directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso and produced by Ken Attoh. The film won five awards at the Ghana Movie Awards in 2010, including the awards for Best Director, Best Writing — Adapted or Original Screen Play, Best Cinematography and Best Original Song.
Dain Blanton
Dain J. Blanton (born November 28, 1971) is an American former beach volleyball player who won the gold medal in beach volleyball in the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney with partner Eric Fonoimoana. He returned to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens with partner Jeff Nygaard, becoming the first two-time U.S. male beach volleyball Olympian. He is the current head coach for the University of Southern California's women's beach volleyball team, having won 6 national titles with the program (4 as head coach, 2 as assistant coach).

Eric Fonoimoana
Eric Fonoimoana (born June 7, 1969) is an American former beach volleyball player of Samoan descent who paired with Dain Blanton to win the gold medal in beach volleyball at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia. He played professionally for more than 16 years and has entered over 200 tournaments. Fonoimoana won at least one tournament for seven straight years between 1998 and 2004. He is a former AVP Most Valuable Player and is in the top 10 in terms of all-time tournaments played. He has earned over 1 million dollars playing beach volleyball.
Zalongo
Zalongo (Greek: Ζάλογγο) is a former municipality in the Preveza regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Preveza, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 137.631 km2. Population 3,986 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Kanali. Nearby is the 18th century Zalongo Monastery, immortalized by the defiant mass suicide of a group of Souliot women. The ruins of ancient Cassope are situated near the village Kamarina.

Kanali
Kanali (Greek: Κανάλι) is a seaside village and a community in the Preveza regional unit, northwestern Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality Zalongo. The community consists of the villages Kanali, Kastrosykia, Mazi, Nea Thesi and Pidima Kyras. Kanali is situated on the Ionian Sea coast, 13 km north of Preveza.

The village Kastrosykia, 6 km northwest of Kanali, is the location of a city of ancient Epirus, probably of a port of Cassope.
Lebed XI
Lebed XI was the designation applied to a number of reconnaissance aircraft supplied to the Imperial Russian Air Force by the Lebed factory of St Petersburg during World War I. Rather than representing any one particular type of aircraft, or even aircraft of Lebed's own design, the designation covered a variety of different German Albatros aircraft that had been brought down behind Russian lines and captured.

Imperial Russian Air Service
The Imperial Russian Air Service (Russian (pre-reform): Императорскій военно-воздушный флотъ, romanized: Imperatorskiy voyenno-vozdushnyy flot", lit. 'Emperor's Military Air Fleet') was an air force founded in 1912 for Imperial Russia. The Air Service operated for five years and only saw combat in World War I before being reorganized and renamed in 1917 following the Russian Revolution.

With the onset of the Russian Civil War, some former IRAS pilots joined Alexander Kolchak on the White Russian side, but the White movement never created an official air force. Most of what remained of the former Imperial Russian Air Service was reformed into the subsequent Soviet Air Forces.
Mugegawa, Gifu
Mugegawa (武芸川町, Mugegawa-chō) was a town located in Mugi District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,621 and a density of 233.87 persons per km2. The total area was 28.31 km2.

On February 7, 2005, Mugegawa, along with the town of Mugi, and the villages of Horado, Itadori and Kaminoho (all from Mugi District), was merged into the expanded city of Seki.

Mugi, Gifu
Mugi (武儀町, Mugi-chō) was a town located in Mugi District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,038 and a density of 61.87 persons per km2. The total area was 65.27 km2.

On February 7, 2005, Mugi, along with the town of Mugegawa, and the villages of Horado, Itadori and Kaminoho (all from Mugi District), was merged into the expanded city of Seki.
The Complete Village Vanguard Recordings, 1961
The Complete Village Vanguard Recordings, 1961, a three-CD box set released in 2005, marks the first time the entire Bill Evans Trio's complete sets at the Village Vanguard on June 25, 1961, have been released in their entirety (outside of the 12-disc set containing Evans' complete Riverside recordings). It also marks the first U.S. release of the first take of "Gloria's Step," which is incomplete due to a power failure.

These sets, from which the classic LPs Sunday at the Village Vanguard and Waltz for Debby were drawn, were the trio's final live recordings. Bassist Scott LaFaro would die in an automobile accident just 11 days later on July 6.

The album was deemed by the Library of Congress to be "culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" and added to the United States National Recording Registry for the year 2009. The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings included the set as part of its suggested "core collection".

Sunday at the Village Vanguard
Sunday at the Village Vanguard is a live album by jazz pianist and composer Bill Evans and his Trio consisting of Evans, bassist Scott LaFaro, and drummer Paul Motian. Released in 1961, the album is routinely ranked as one of the best live jazz recordings of all time.
Monastère Bénédictin Sainte-Marie
Monastère Bénédictin Sainte-Marie, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, is a Benedictine monastery of the Subiaco Congregation. Established in 1960, by the year 2000 the monastery was home to eight monks. The community is under the leadership of Prior Administrator Fr Jean Décoville.

Subiaco Cassinese Congregation
The Subiaco Cassinese Congregation is an international union of Benedictine houses (abbeys and priories) within the Benedictine Confederation. It developed from the Subiaco Congregation, which was formed in 1867 through the initiative of Dom Pietro Casaretto, O.S.B., as a reform of the way of life of monasteries of the Cassinese Congregation, formed in 1408, toward a stricter contemplative observance, and received final approval in 1872 by Pope Pius IX. After discussions between the two congregations at the start of the 21st century, approval was given by Pope Benedict XVI in 2013 for the incorporation of the Cassinese Congregation into its offshoot, the Subiaco Congregation. The expanded congregation was given this new name.
The Cut (South Georgia)
The Cut (54°16′S 36°18′W﻿ / ﻿54.267°S 36.300°W﻿ / -54.267; -36.300) is a shallow, rock-strewn channel between Babe Island and the west side of the entrance to Cobblers Cove, along the north coast of South Georgia. Charted and named in 1929 by DI personnel.

Barff Peninsula
Barff Peninsula (54°19′S 36°18′W﻿ / ﻿54.317°S 36.300°W﻿ / -54.317; -36.300) is a peninsula forming the east margin of Cumberland East Bay, South Georgia Island. It is 8 miles (13 km) long and extends northwest from Sörling Valley to Barff Point, its farthest extremity. It was probably first seen by the British expedition under James Cook in 1775. The peninsula as a whole takes its name from Barff Point, which was named for Royal Navy Lieutenant A.D. Barff of HMS Sappho, who, assisted by Captain C.A. Larsen, sketched a map of Cumberland Bay in 1906. Barff Point is considered the eastern headland of East Cumberland Bay.
Essonne
Essonne (French pronunciation: [ɛsɔn] ⓘ) is a department in the southern suburb part of the Île-de-France region. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.

Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its INSEE and postcode number is 91.

Seine-et-Oise
Seine-et-Oise (French pronunciation: [sɛn‿e waz]) is a former department of France, which encompassed the western, northern and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris. Its prefecture was Versailles and its administrative number was 78. Seine-et-Oise was disbanded in 1968 as part of the reorganisation of the departments of the Paris metropolitan area. The newly created Yvelines department inherited the 78 number.
New River Rebels
The New River Rebels were a minor league baseball team representing Narrows, Virginia and Pearisburg, Virginia. From 1946 to 1950, the New River Rebels played as a member of the Class D level Appalachian League, winning league championships in 1946 and 1947. New River hosted home minor league games at Ragsdale Field in Narrows. The New River Rebels were a minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox in 1946.

Appalachian League
The Appalachian League is a collegiate summer baseball league that operates in the Appalachian regions of Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Designed for rising freshmen and sophomores using wooden bats, its season runs from June through August. The league is part of Major League Baseball and USA Baseball's Prospect Development Pipeline.

Between 1911 and 2020, the Appalachian League operated as part of Minor League Baseball and various of its teams were low-level affiliates of Major League Baseball franchises. It operated as a Class D league during four stints through 1962, then was classified as a Rookie Advanced league from 1963 to 2020.
Substructural type system
Substructural type systems are a family of type systems analogous to substructural logics where one or more of the structural rules are absent or only allowed under controlled circumstances. Such systems can constrain access to system resources such as files, locks, and memory by keeping track of changes of state and prohibiting invalid states.: 4

Simply typed lambda calculus
The simply typed lambda calculus (⁠⁠), a form
of type theory, is a typed interpretation of the lambda calculus with only one type constructor (⁠⁠) that builds function types. It is the canonical and simplest example of a typed lambda calculus.  The simply typed lambda calculus was originally introduced by Alonzo Church in 1940 as an attempt to avoid paradoxical use of the untyped lambda calculus.

The term simple type is also used to refer to extensions of the simply typed lambda calculus with constructs such as products, coproducts or natural numbers (System T) or even full recursion (like PCF). In contrast, systems that introduce polymorphic types (like System F) or dependent types (like the Logical Framework) are not considered simply typed.  The simple types, except for full recursion, are still considered  simple because the Church encodings of such structures can be done using only  and suitable type variables, while polymorphism and dependency cannot.
Plaza de España, Seville
The Plaza de España ("Spain Square", in English) is a plaza in the Parque de María Luisa (Maria Luisa Park), in Seville, Spain. It was built in 1928 for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. It is a landmark example of Regionalism Architecture, mixing elements of the Baroque Revival, Renaissance Revival and Moorish Revival (Neo-Mudéjar) styles of Spanish architecture.

Neo-Mudéjar
Neo-Mudéjar is a type of Moorish Revival architecture practised in the Iberian Peninsula and to a far lesser extent in Ibero-America. This architectural movement emerged as a revival of Mudéjar style. It was an architectural trend of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that began in Madrid and Barcelona and quickly spread to other regions in Spain and Portugal. It used Mudéjar style elements such as the horseshoe arch, arabesque tiling, and abstract shaped brick ornamentations for the façades of modern buildings.
Order of Polonia Restituta
The Order of Polonia Restituta (Polish: Order Odrodzenia Polski, English: Order of Restored Poland) is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle.

The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr, known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown.

Order of Saint Stanislaus
The Order of Saint Stanislaus (Polish: Order Św. Stanisława Biskupa i Męczennika, Russian: Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It remained under the Kingdom of Poland between 1765 and 1831. In 1831 it was incorporated under the Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution (1917).

Today, there are two recognised orders that claim descent from the original Order of Saint Stanislaus: the Russian dynastic Order of Saint Stanislaus, awarded by the head of the House of Romanov as former sovereigns of the Russian Empire, and the Polish Order of Polonia Restituta, a governmental order of merit awarded by the President of Poland and considered by some as a type of successor.
Sun City (song)
"Sun City" is a 1985 protest song written by Steven Van Zandt, produced by Van Zandt and Arthur Baker and recorded by Artists United Against Apartheid to convey opposition to the South African minority regime's policy of apartheid. The song declared that all the artists involved would refuse to perform at Sun City, a South African city and entertainment destination.

Sun City (South Africa)
Sun City is a luxury resort and casino, situated in the North West Province of South Africa. It is located between the Elands River and the Pilanesberg, built on the land of Bakubung Village (known as Ledig) about 140 km (90 miles) northwest of Johannesburg, near the city of Rustenburg. The complex borders the Pilanesberg National Park. It is made up of a number of themed sub-resorts with hotels on each, including the original Sun City Resort, The Cabanas, The Cascades and the Lost City (The Palace).
A Man Who Was Superman
A Man Who Was Superman (Korean: 슈퍼맨이었던 사나이; RR: Syupeomaenieotdeon sanai) is a 2008 South Korean comedy-drama film directed by Jeong Yoon-cheol, starring  Hwang Jung-min and Jun Ji-hyun. The film applies techniques of magical realism to problems arising from the narcissism of small differences that plagues the modern Korean conscience.

Hwang Jung-min
Hwang Jung-min (Korean: 황정민; born September 1, 1970) is a South Korean actor. One of the highest-grossing actors in South Korea, Hwang is the second actor to join the "100 Million Viewer Club" in Chungmuro. He began his career in musical theatre and first established himself as a leading man in the romantic drama You Are My Sunshine (2005).

Hwang has starred in numerous box office hits such as The Unjust (2010), Dancing Queen (2012), New World (2013), Ode to My Father (2014), Veteran (2015), The Himalayas (2015), A Violent Prosecutor (2016), The Wailing (2016), The Spy Gone North (2018), Deliver Us from Evil (2020), and 12.12: The Day (2023). His role in the latter earned him Best Actor at the 60th Baeksang Arts Awards.
Vaala
Vaala (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈʋɑːlɑ]) is a municipality in Finland. It is located in the North Ostrobothnia region. Established in 1954 (predecessor municipality Säräisniemi, established in 1867), the municipality has a population of 2,567 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,764.04 square kilometres (681.10 sq mi) of which 461.45 km2 (178.17 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1.97 inhabitants per square kilometre (5.1/sq mi). Previously Vaala was part of the Kainuu region but was transferred to Northern Ostrobothnia on 1 January 2016.

Half of Oulujärvi, the fifth largest lake of Finland is located in Vaala.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Vaala is also an old Finnish word, which means the phase in a river just before rapids.

Kainuu
Kainuu (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈkɑi̯nuː]; Swedish: Kajanaland) is one of the 19 regions of Finland (Finnish: maakunta; Swedish: landskap). Kainuu borders the regions of North Ostrobothnia, North Savo and North Karelia. In the east, it also borders Russia (Republic of Karelia).

Culturally, Kainuu is part of the larger Eastern-Finnish cultural heritage. The dialect of Kainuu resembles Savonian and Karelian dialects.
Koganei, Tokyo
Koganei (小金井市, Koganei-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 123,698 in 61,832 households. The total area of the city is 11.30 square kilometres (4.36 sq mi) so the population density is about 11,000 persons per km².

Mitaka, Tokyo
Mitaka (三鷹市, Mitaka-shi) is a city in the Western Tokyo region of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 190,403, and a population density of 12,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 16.42 square kilometres (6.34 sq mi).