hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran (Persia). It is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. The river delta of the Shatt al-Arab forms the north-west shoreline.

The Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive reefs (mostly rocky, but also coral), and abundant pearl oysters; however, its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills.

The Persian Gulf is in the Persian Gulf Basin, which is of Cenozoic origin and related to the subduction of the Arabian plate under the Zagros Mountains. The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat.

Persian Gulf Basin
The Persian Gulf Basin (Persian: آبخیز شاخاب پارس), also known as the Arabian Gulf Basin (Arabic: حوض الخليج العربي), is found between the Eurasian and the Arabian plate. The Persian Gulf is described as a shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean that is located between the south western side of Zagros Mountains and the Arabian Peninsula and south and southeastern side of Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Other countries that border the Persian Gulf basin include; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Iraq. The Persian Gulf extends a distance of 1,000 km (620 mi) with an area of 240,000 km2 (93,000 sq mi). The Arabian Plate basin a wedge-shaped foreland basin which lies beneath the western Zagros thrust and was created as a result of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
Strongly connected component
In the mathematical theory of directed graphs, a graph is said to be strongly connected if every vertex is reachable from every other vertex. The strongly connected components of a directed graph form a partition into subgraphs that are strongly connected themselves. It is possible to test the strong connectivity of a graph, or to find its strongly connected components, in linear time (that is, Θ(V + E)).

Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.
Inpui language
Inpui or Puiron is a Naga language spoken in different villages of Senapati district, Tamenglong district, Noney District, and Imphal district in Manipur, and in some areas in Nagaland, India. Speakers of Inpui and Rongmei are subsumed under single ethnic group Kabui. But the two major ethnic groups have different languages and identity. Even though they are considered to be cognate ethnic group.
The speakers of this language use Meitei language as their second language (L2) according to the Ethnologue.

Naga languages
The Naga languages are a geographic and ethnic grouping of Tibeto-Burman, spoken mostly by Naga peoples.

Northern Naga languages do not fall within the group, in spite of being spoken by Naga groups; instead, these form part of the Sal languages within Sino-Tibetan, while Southern Naga languages form a branch within Kuki-Chin languages subfamily.
Isa textula
Isa textula, the crowned slug moth or skiff moth is a moth of the family Limacodidae. It is found in North America from Minnesota, southern Ontario and Massachusetts to Florida, Texas, and Mississippi.

The larvae feed on the leaves of various trees, including oak, cherry, maple, basswood, elm and beech.

Another moth, Prolimacodes badia, is also referred to by the common name skiff moth.

Limacodidae
The Limacodidae or Eucleidae  are a family of moths in the superfamily Zygaenoidea or the Cossoidea; the placement is in dispute. They are often called slug moths because their caterpillars bear a distinct resemblance to slugs.  They are also called cup moths because of the shape of their cocoons.

The larvae are often liberally covered in protective stinging hairs, and are mostly tropical, but occur worldwide, with about 1800 described species and probably many more as yet undescribed species.
Mount Weems
Mount Weems (77°27′S 86°10′W﻿ / ﻿77.450°S 86.167°W﻿ / -77.450; -86.167) is a prominent mountain, 2,210 m, located 8 nautical miles (15 km) north of Mount Ulmer near the north end of the Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains. It is connected to Gromshin Heights to the south by Kipra Gap.

The mountain was discovered by Lincoln Ellsworth on his trans-Antarctic flight of November 23, 1935. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Captain P. V. H. Weems, a retired inventor from the U.S. Navy and a developer of air navigation instrumentation and techniques and consultant to Ellsworth on air navigation problems of this flight.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Weems". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Kipra Gap
Kipra Gap (Bulgarian: седловина Кипра, ‘Sedlovina Kipra’ \se-dlo-vi-'na 'ki-pra\) is the 2 km long, ice-covered pass of elevation 1550 m in northern Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica connecting Mount Weems on the north to Gromshin Heights on the south.

The saddle is named after the settlement of Kipra in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Adnyamathanha language
The Adnyamathanha language (pronounced /ˈɑːdnjəmʌdənə/), also known as yura ngarwala natively and Kuyani, also known as Guyani and other variants, are two closely related Australian Aboriginal languages. They are traditional languages of the Adnyamathanha of and the Kuyani peoples, of the Flinders Ranges and to the west of the Flinders respectively, in South Australia.

As of the 2016 Australian census, there were around 140 speakers of Adnyamathanha, making it an endangered language; there have been no speakers of Kuyani recorded since 1975. The first bilingual dictionary of the language was published in November 2020.

The name of the witchetty grub comes from Adnyamathanha.

Nepabunna, South Australia
Nepabunna, also spelt Nipapanha, is a small community in the northern Flinders Ranges in north-eastern South Australia, about 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of Adelaide. It is located just west of the Gammon Ranges, and the traditional owners are the Adnyamathanha people.

The settlement was originally established as Nepabunna Mission in 1931, becoming the local government area (LGA) of Nepabunna Community Council with the establishment of a council in 1998. Iga Warta is a separate, independently run small cultural tourism enterprise within the LGA. The Nipabanha Community Aboriginal Corporation runs the Indigenous Protected Area (IPA) over land known as Nantawarrina, once a station for mixed livestock.

At the 2016 Australian census, Nepabunna had a population of 66. Access is via the main Copley to Balcanoona road.
Faction Paradox
Faction Paradox is a series of novels, audio stories, short story anthologies, and comics set in and around a "War in Heaven", a history-spanning conflict between godlike "Great Houses" and their mysterious enemy. The series is named after a group originally created by author Lawrence Miles for BBC Books' Doctor Who novels.

Eighth Doctor Adventures
The Eighth Doctor Adventures (sometimes abbreviated as EDA or referred to as the EDAs) are a series of spin off novels based on the long running BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who and published under the BBC Books imprint. 73 books were published overall.
Nearly a Happy Ending
Nearly A Happy Ending is a television play written by Victoria Wood, which ITV broadcast on 1 June 1980.

It is a sequel to Wood's earlier play Talent, with the same lead characters: Julie (played by Julie Walters) and Maureen (played by Wood); although some minor plot points from Talent are either ignored or contradicted in this play.

According to the BFI's Screenonline website, the plot concerns "Maureen's ill-fated attempts to lose her virginity at a dismal salesmen's party in a Manchester hotel".

Talent (play)
Talent is a play written by Victoria Wood, first performed in 1978. It centres on two friends, one of whom is about to enter a talent contest in a run down nightclub. Commissioned for the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, it received much acclaim and transferred to a London run in 1979. That same year a television adaptation was broadcast. It was the first time Victoria Wood and Julie Walters appeared together on TV.

A mixture of dialogue and music, one of its tunes inspired The Smiths song Rusholme Ruffians. The script was published by Methuen in 1988, along with another play by Wood, Good Fun.
2 Samuel 5
2 Samuel 5 is the fifth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Hebron and Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel, and a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.

2 Samuel 8
2 Samuel 8 is the eighth chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David's reign in Jerusalem. This is within a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.
Horace Dawkins
Sir Horace Christian Dawkins KCB MBE (25 December 1867 – 4 February 1944) was a British civil servant who served as a clerk in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

He was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford. During the First World War he served as a Divisional Commander in the Metropolitan Special Constabulary, and was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire on 7 January 1918.

Dawkins was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the 1925 Birthday Honours while a Clerk Assistant. Between 1930 and 1937 he served as Clerk of the House of Commons, and he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 31 October 1925.

Clerk of the House of Commons
The Under Clerk of the Parliaments, known informally as the clerk of the House of Commons, is the chief executive of the House of Commons in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and before 1707 in the House of Commons of England. The Clerk of the Parliaments is the counterpart in the House of Lords.
Holywell Park Conference Centre
52°45′31″N 1°14′44″W﻿ / ﻿52.758512°N 1.245591°W﻿ / 52.758512; -1.245591
Holywell Park Conference Centre is modern conference facility located on Loughborough University Campus offering 300 m2 of exhibition space and accommodating up to 450 people. It was officially opened in April 2004 by The Duke of Edinburgh.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase
In enzymology, a 4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase (EC 2.7.1.148) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate  ADP + 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (CDP-ME), whereas its two products are ADP and 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (CDP-MEP).

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:4-(cytidine 5'-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called CDP-ME kinase, and IspE.  This enzyme participates in the MEP pathway (non-mevalonate pathway) of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis.

4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate
4-Diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate (or CDP-MEP, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C methylerythritol 2-phosphate) is an intermediate in the MEP pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis.

It is formed by CDP-ME kinase (IspE) and is a substrate for 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (IspF).
(Won't You Come Home) Bill Bailey
"(Won't You Come Home) Bill Bailey", originally titled "Bill Bailey, Won't You Please.... Come Home?" is a popular song published in 1902. It is commonly referred to as simply "Bill Bailey".

The words and music were written by Hughie Cannon, an American songwriter and pianist, and it was published by Howley, Haviland and Dresser. It is still a standard with Dixieland and traditional jazz bands. The simple 32-bar chord sequence of its chorus also underpins many other tunes played mainly by jazz bands, such as "Over the Waves", "Washington and Lee Swing", "Bourbon Street Parade", "My Little Girl", and the final themes of "Tiger Rag" and "The Beer Barrel Polka".

Bourbon Street Parade
"Bourbon Street Parade" is a popular jazz song written by drummer Paul Barbarin in 1949. The song is an example of how early marching bands influenced New Orleans jazz. It has become a Dixieland classic and New Orleans Jazz standard.

It is often performed as part of "Second line" parades in New Orleans. This song was originally performed by Paul Barbarin & His New Orleans Jazz Band. The melody of "Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey" can be played simultaneously with "Bourbon Street Parade" and makes a pleasing counterpoint.

From 1954 till the end of his career, "Bourbon Street Parade" was the signature song of every concert of the Chris Barber Jazz Band.
Demićka
Demićka is a river that flows through Bosnia. It is the largest left bank tributary of the Vrbanja river.

The Demićka rises above the Dunići village at around 1,050 meters above sea level, on the southern slopes of Zāstinje (Backstones, 1,230 m), in Vlašić massif. The river's length is around 10 km.

The Demićka streams northwest through Dèmići village between the Radohova and Stražbenica mountains. The river mouth is in Šiprage. Downstream of its source, the Demićka enters a short canyon below Dunići village, known as Dunića stijene (Dunići's Rocks), followed by a funnel-shaped area near its estuary. Below Dunići, the river enters a vertical ravine with a depth of 400 meters.

In spring Vrbanja's tributaries  (Ćorkovac, Sadika, Duboka  and Ugar's confluence of  Kobilja and other streams) flow. The main tributaries of Demićka are Grozničavica, Djevojački potok and Brestovača.

Sadika
Sadika is a tributary of the river Vrbanja in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It rises on the northeastern slopes of Zastinje Mountain, at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level. The Sadika's confluence with the Vrbanja–which is the largest right tributary of the Vrbas–is below Gigovići, a village close to the Kotor Varoš-Šiprage road, at 496 metres (1,627 ft) above sea level.
Battle of Albemarle Sound
The Battle of Albemarle Sound was an inconclusive naval battle fought in May 1864 along the coast of North Carolina during the American Civil War. Three Confederate warships, including an ironclad, engaged eight Union gunboats. The action ended indecisively due to the sunset.

USS Miami (1861)
The first USS Miami was a side-wheel steamer, double-ender gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.

Miami was launched by Philadelphia Navy Yard on November 16, 1861, and commissioned there on January 29, 1862, Lieutenant Abram Davis Harrell in command.
VV Cephei
VV Cephei, also known as HD 208816, is an eclipsing binary star system located in the constellation Cepheus. It is both a B[e] star and shell star. As a 5th magnitude star, it is visible to the naked eye under good observing conditions.

VV Cephei is an eclipsing binary with the third longest known period. A red supergiant fills its Roche lobe when closest to a companion blue star, the latter appearing to be on the main sequence. Matter flows from the red supergiant onto the blue companion for at least part of the orbit and the hot star is obscured by a large disk of material. The supergiant primary, known as VV Cephei A, is currently recognised as one of the largest stars in the galaxy although its size is not certain. Estimates range from 660 R☉ to over 1,000 R☉.

Red supergiant
Red supergiants (RSGs) are stars with a supergiant luminosity class (Yerkes class I) and a stellar classification K or M. They are the largest stars in the universe in terms of volume, although they are not the most massive or luminous. Betelgeuse and Antares A are the brightest and best known red supergiants (RSGs), indeed the only first magnitude red supergiant stars.
Miss Universe Vietnam 2008
Miss Universe Vietnam 2008, the 1st Miss Universe Vietnam pageant, was held on May 31, 2008, at the Vinpearl Land resort in Nha Trang, Khánh Hoà, Vietnam. 20 contestants competed for the crown. The first winner of the pageant was Nguyễn Thùy Lâm, the host delegate for the Miss Universe 2008 pageant held July 14, 2008, also in Nha Trang.  She made the Top 15.
As the winner, Nguyễn Thùy Lâm represents Vietnam at Miss Universe 2008. The two runners-up represent Vietnam at Miss World 2008 (Dương Trương Thiên Lý) and Miss Universe 2009 (Võ Hoàng Yến).

Miss World 2008
Miss World 2008 was the 58th edition of the Miss World pageant, held at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa, on 13 December 2008.

Zhang Zilin of China crowned Ksenia Sukhinova of Russia as her successor at the end of the event. This is the second time Russia has won the title.
Steve Fisk
Steve Fisk is an American, Washington-based audio engineer, record producer and musician. As a musician, he has been in bands such as the instrumental alternative/indie rock band Pell Mell and the electronic band Pigeonhed. He has long been associated with the Pacific Northwest music scenes, including grunge and the Sub Pop indie record label.

Three Mile Pilot
Three Mile Pilot (often shortened to 3MP) is an American indie rock band from San Diego, California, formed by Armistead Burwell Smith IV (a.k.a. Zach Smith) from Pinback, Systems Officer, Neighborhood Watch on bass and vocals, Pall Jenkins (The Black Heart Procession, Dark Sarcasm, Mr. Tube) on vocals and guitar, and Tom Zinser (Neighborhood Watch (CV), Pinback) on drums.
Werkspoor
Werkspoor N.V. was the shortened, and later the official name of the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en Spoorwegmaterieel. It was a Dutch machine factory, known for rolling stock, (ship) steam engines, and diesel engines. It was a successor of the company Van Vlissingen en Dudok van Heel, later named Koninklijke Fabriek van Stoom- en andere Werktuigen. In 1954 Werkspoor was merged with Stork.

Stork B.V.
Stork B.V. is a Dutch manufacturing and services company with headquarters in Utrecht.

Stork Technical Services is a supplier of integrated technical services for installations and machines in the industrial market. The group, which consists of the Industry Services and Industry Specialists strategic units, achieved a turnover of €1,089 million in 2007 with 9,320 employees. Stork Technical Services was sold by to the buyer American engineering and construction company, paid 260.2 Million euro. After the deal, Fluor joined its own Operations & Maintenance division of 4000 employees with Stork. The enlarged Stork will then have 19,000 employees and a turnover of 2,1 billion euro.
Fluor Corporation announced September 07, 2023 that it has agreed to sell its Stork B.V. business in Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, as well as its turbo blading manufacturing operations in the United States to industrial services provider Bilfinger SE.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
Fulk IV (French: Foulques IV d'Anjou; 1043 – 14 April 1109), better known as Fulk le Réchin (Latin: Fulco Rechin), was the count of Anjou from around 1068 until his death. He was noted to be "a man with many reprehensible, even scandalous, habits" by Orderic Vitalis, who particularly objected to his many women and his influential footwear, claiming he popularized the pigaches that eventually became the poulaine, the medieval long-toed shoe.

Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey II, called Martel (1006 – 14 November 1060), son of Fulk the Black, was a French knight and Count of Anjou from 1040 to 1060 and Count of Vendôme from 1032 to 1056. He fought battles against William VII, Duke of Aquitaine, Theobald III, Count of Blois, and William, Duke of Normandy. During his twenty-year reign, Geoffrey II faced down the ambitions of the Bishop of Le Mans, Gervais de Château-du-Loir and was able to maintain his authority over the County of Maine. Martel founded the Abbey aux Dames in Saintonge and also, in collaboration with his wife Agnes, founded the Abbaye de la Trinité (Abbey of the Trinity) at Vendôme. He was described in the Gesta Normannorum Ducum as "a treacherous man in every respect, frequently inflicted assaults and intolerable pressure on his neighbors."
Leszko III
Leszko III (or Leszek, Lestek, Lesco) was a legendary ruler of Poland, firstly mentioned by Wincenty Kadłubek. Alleged son of Leszko II, father of Popiel I and grandfather of Popiel II. In the original chronicle, he fought with Julius Caesar, won, and took his sister, Julia, as wife.

Leszko II
Leszko II (Leszek, Lestek, Lestko) was a legendary ruler of Poland, firstly mentioned by Wincenty Kadłubek in the Chronica seu originale regum et principum Poloniae. Alleged progenitor of the Popielids dynasty. Father of Leszko III.
2001 Santana High School shooting
On March 5, 2001, a school shooting occurred at Santana High School in Santee, California, United States. The gunman, 15-year-old Charles Andrew Williams, opened fire with an eight-shot .22-caliber revolver, killing two students and wounding 13 others. Williams was then apprehended by responding police officers and convicted. He is currently serving 50 years to life in prison.

Santee, California
Santee is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. The population was 60,037 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the East County region. The city is bisected by the San Diego River, a linear greenbelt that includes parks, trails and more than 1,100 acres (450 ha) of natural habitat.