hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Projective module
In mathematics, particularly in algebra, the class of projective modules enlarges the class of free modules (that is, modules with basis vectors) over a ring, keeping some of the main properties of free modules. Various equivalent characterizations of these modules appear below.

Every free module is a projective module, but the converse fails to hold over some rings, such as Dedekind rings that are not principal ideal domains. However, every projective module is a free module if the ring is a principal ideal domain such as the integers, or a (multivariate) polynomial ring over a field (this is the Quillen–Suslin theorem).

Projective modules were first introduced in 1956 in the influential book Homological Algebra by Henri Cartan and Samuel Eilenberg.

Torsion-free module
In algebra, a torsion-free module is a module over a ring such that zero is the only element annihilated by a regular element (non zero-divisor) of the ring. In other words, a module is torsion free if its torsion submodule contains only the zero element.

In integral domains the regular elements of the ring are its nonzero elements, so in this case a torsion-free module is one such that zero is the only element annihilated by some non-zero element of the ring. Some authors work only over integral domains and use this condition as the definition of a torsion-free module, but this does not work well over more general rings, for if the ring contains zero-divisors then the only module satisfying this condition is the zero module.
Spinal cord injury research
Spinal cord injury research seeks new ways to cure or treat spinal cord injury in order to lessen the debilitating effects of the injury in the short or long term.  There is no cure for SCI, and current treatments are mostly focused on spinal cord injury rehabilitation and management of the secondary effects of the condition.  Two major areas of research include neuroprotection, ways to prevent damage to cells caused by biological processes that take place in the body after the injury, and neuroregeneration, regrowing or replacing damaged neural circuits.

Rehabilitation in spinal cord injury
When treating a person with a spinal cord injury, repairing the damage created by injury is the ultimate goal. By using a variety of treatments, greater improvements are achieved, and, therefore, treatment should not be limited to one method. Furthermore, increasing activity will increase his/her chances of recovery.
Rinchen Barsbold
Rinchen Barsbold (Mongolian: Ринченгийн Барсболд, Rinchyengiin Barsbold; 21 December 1935 – 28 August 2025) was a Mongolian paleontologist, geologist and an expert in vertebrate paleontology and Mesozoic stratigraphy. Most of his work was performed at the Institute of Geology in Ulaanbaatar. Barsbold was instrumental in the discovery and recovery of the Mongolian dinosaur fossil record. His work has helped to form a more complete understanding of the later stages of dinosaur evolution in Eurasia.

Enigmosaurus
Enigmosaurus (meaning "enigma lizard" or "enigmatic lizard") is a genus of therizinosauroid that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period. It was a medium-sized, ground-dwelling, bipedal herbivore that represents the third therizinosaur taxon from the Bayan Shireh Formation, although it is known from the lower part. The genus is monotypic, including only the type species E. mongoliensis, known from a well-preserved pelvis and other tentative body remains.
Finow Canal
The Finow Canal (German Finowkanal) is one of the oldest artificial waterways in Europe. Construction began in 1605. The channel, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) long, is in the German state of Brandenburg in the Barnim district. It was built for the first time in 1605 and connects the Oder and Havel rivers. The Ragöse river flows into the canal.

After completion of the straighter Oder–Havel Canal in 1914, the economic relevance of the Finow Canal decreased. Today it is mainly used for tourism. The Experimental Radio Station Eberswalde is also at the Finow Canal.

Oder
The Oder (/ˈoʊ.dər/ OH-dər; Czech and Polish: Odra) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.
Besenello
Besenello (Besenèl in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Trento.  It is located at the entrance of the Vallagarina. The main attraction is the Castel Beseno, the largest fortified structure in Trentino and the Romanesque church of Sant'Agata.

Besenello borders the following municipalities: Trento, Vigolo Vattaro, Bosentino, Vattaro, Aldeno, Centa San Nicolò, Calliano, Nomi, and Folgaria.

Vattaro
Vattaro is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,111 and an area of 8.3 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).

Vattaro borders the following municipalities: Bosentino, Calceranica al Lago, Centa San Nicolò and Besenello.
Chatham, New Brunswick
Chatham (/ˈtʃætəm/) is an urban neighbourhood in the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada.

Prior to municipal amalgamation in 1995, Chatham was an incorporated town in Northumberland County along the south bank of the Miramichi River opposite Douglastown. Since amalgamation, it has been sometimes referred to as Miramichi East.

CFB Chatham
Canadian Forces Base Chatham or CFB Chatham was a Canadian Forces Base located immediately south of the town of Chatham, New Brunswick, Canada. Parts are now operating as Miramichi Municipal Airport since 1974 with a partial runway available (09/27 - asphalt).
SHRDLU
SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries on a conversation with the computer, moving objects, naming collections and querying the state of a simplified "blocks world", essentially a virtual box filled with different blocks.

SHRDLU was written in the Micro Planner and Lisp programming language on the DEC PDP-6 computer and a DEC graphics terminal. Later additions were made at the computer graphics labs at the University of Utah, adding a full 3D rendering of SHRDLU's "world".

The name SHRDLU was derived from ETAOIN SHRDLU, the arrangement of the letter keys on a Linotype machine, arranged in descending order of usage frequency in English.

Blocks world
The blocks world is a planning domain in artificial intelligence. It consists of a set of wooden blocks of various shapes and colors sitting on a table. The goal is to build one or more vertical stacks of blocks. Only one block may be moved at a time: it may either be placed on the table or placed atop another block. Because of this, any blocks that are, at a given time, under another block cannot be moved. Moreover, some kinds of blocks cannot have other blocks stacked on top of them.

The simplicity of this toy world lends itself readily to classical symbolic artificial intelligence approaches, in which the world is modeled as a set of abstract symbols which may be reasoned about.
Siege of Corfu (1537)
The siege of Corfu in 1537 was led by the Ottoman Emperor Suleiman the Magnificent, against the Republic of Venice-held island of Corfu. It is part of the Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540), one of the numerous Ottoman–Venetian Wars of the period.

Franco-Ottoman alliance
The Franco-Ottoman alliance or Franco-Turkish alliance was established in 1536 between Francis I, King of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire. The strategic and sometimes tactical alliance was one of the longest-lasting and most important foreign alliances of France, and was particularly influential during the Italian Wars. The Franco-Ottoman military alliance reached its peak with the Invasion of Corsica in 1553, during the reign of Henry II of France.

As the first non-ideological alliance in effect between a Christian and Muslim state, it attracted heavy controversy for its time and caused a scandal throughout Christendom. Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1947) called it "the sacrilegious union of the lily and the crescent". It lasted intermittently for more than two and a half centuries, until the Napoleonic campaign in Ottoman Egypt from 1798 to 1801.
Thomas McEndoo
Christianity portal

Thomas James McEndoo  was Dean of Armagh from 1938 to 1955.

Hamilton was educated at Trinity College, Dublin and was ordained in 1888. After a curacy in Ballymore, he held incumbencies at Donaghendry and Drumglass. He was Prebendary of Mullaghbrack in Armagh Cathedral from 1915 to 1925; Treasurer from 1925 to 1927 and Precentor from 1927  to 1938.

Dean of Armagh
The Dean of Armagh in the Church of Ireland is the dean of the Anglican St Patrick's Cathedral, the cathedral of the Diocese of Armagh and the metropolitan cathedral of the Province of Armagh, located in the town of Armagh.

Shane Forster has been the dean since 2020.
Les Engagés
Les Engagés (LE, [lez‿ɑ̃ɡaʒe] ⓘ, lit. 'The Committed Ones') is a centrist French-speaking political party in Belgium. The party originated in the split in 1972 of the unitary Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP), which had been the country's governing party for much of the post-war period. It continued to be called the Christian Social Party (French: Parti Social Chrétien, PSC) until 2002 when it was renamed the Humanist Democratic Centre (French: Centre Démocrate Humaniste, CDH). It took its current name on 17 March 2022, and currently is a member of the governing national coalition in Belgium, along with the Walloon and French Community coalition governments.

Humanist Democratic Centre
Humanist Democratic Centre (French: Centre Démocrate Humaniste, CDH) was a Christian democratic and centrist French-speaking political party in Belgium. The party originated in the split in 1972 of the unitary Christian Social Party (PSC-CVP) which had been the country's governing party for much of the post-war period. It continued to be called the Christian Social Party (French: Parti Social Chrétien, PSC) until 2002 when it was renamed the Humanist Democratic Centre. It was refounded as Les Engagés in 2022.
May Leiba
May Leiba is a reservoir located in the Dogu’a Tembien woreda of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia. It is named after the May Leiba River. The earthen dam that holds the reservoir was built in 1998 by the Relief Society of Tigray.

Dogu'a Tembien
Dogu'a Tembien (Tigrinya: ደጉዓ ተምቤን, "Upper Tembien", sometimes transliterated as Degua Tembien or Dägʿa Tämben) is a woreda in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. It is named in part after the former province of Tembien. Nowadays, the mountainous district is part of the Southeastern Tigray Zone. The administrative centre of this woreda is Hagere Selam.
Acrobatics
Acrobatics (from Ancient Greek  ἀκροβατέω (akrobatéō) 'walk on tiptoe, strut') is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, gymnastics, and freerunning and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.

Acro dance
Acro dance is a style of dance that combines classical dance technique with acrobatic elements. It is defined by its athletic character, its unique choreography, which blends dance and acrobatics, and its use of acrobatics in a dance context. It is a popular dance style in amateur competitive dance as well as in professional dance theater and in contemporary circus productions such as those by Cirque du Soleil. This is in contrast to acrobatic, artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, which are sports that employ dance elements in a gymnastics context under the auspices of a governing gymnastics organization (such as FIG) and subject to a Code of Points. Acro dance is known by various other names including acrobatic dance and gymnastic dance, though it is most commonly referred to simply as acro by dancers and dance professionals.

Acro is an especially challenging dance style for dancers as it requires them to be trained in both dance and acrobatic skills.
Caldazinha
Caldazinha is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. The population was 3,848 (2020) in a total area of 312 km2.

Located 27 kilometers from the state capital, Goiânia, Caldazinha belongs to the Goiânia Microregion. Connections are made by GO-403 / passing through Senador Canedo.

Municipal boundaries are:

north:  Bonfinópolis and Leopoldo de Bulhões

west:  Senador Canedo

south:  Bela Vista de Goiás.

Bonfinópolis
Bonfinópolis is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.  It is located a short distance east of Goiânia and is part of the Goiânia metropolitan area.

The distance to Goiânia is 33 km. and connections are made by BR-457 / GO-010.

Neighboring municipalities are:

north: Goianápolis

south: Senador Canedo and Caldazinha

east:  Leopoldo de Bulhões

west:  Goiânia
Djuma Game Reserve
Djuma Game Reserve, is a 1,200 ha private game reserve, which is part of the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. It is situated on the western border of the Kruger National Park, which together with some other parks make up the Greater Kruger National Park. The name Djuma refers to the roar of a lion.

Sabi Sand Game Reserve
Sabi Sand Game Reserve consists of a group of private game reserves located adjacent to the Kruger National Park in the Lowveld of Mpumalanga, South Africa. Its name comes from the Sabie River on its southern boundary and the Sand River flowing through it. The area of the reserve is around 623–650 km2 (241–251 sq mi).

Reserves in Sabi Sand include Buffelshoek, Djuma Game Reserve, Elephant Plains, Cheetah Plains, Mala Mala Game Reserve, Chitwa Chitwa, Nkorho, Simbambili, Arathusa, Londolozi Private Game Reserve, Umzumbe, Nottens, Sabi Sabi, Lion Sands Reserve, Kirkman's Kamp, Singita, Exeter Leadwood, Inyati Game Lodge, Idube, Dulini, Leopard Hills, Savanna and Ulusaba Private Game Reserve.
Tummal
Tummal (Tum-ma-alki or Tum-alki) was an ancient Near East cult site of the goddess Ninlil, as Egi-Tummal (Lady of Tummal), currently unlocated but known to be in the vicinity of Nippur and Drehem. E-Tummal (House of Tummal) (also E-kiur) was the temple to Ninlil located there. Texts from Drehem indicate that monthly lustrations, with animal offerings, for the goddess Nintinugga were being conducted at the temple of Ninlil in Tummal.

Ur-Nammu
Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian: 𒌨𒀭𒇉; died c. 2094 BC) founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule. Though he built many temples and canals his main achievement was building the core of the Ur III Empire through military conquest. Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world. He also initiated the construction of the Ziggurat of Ur. He held the titles of "King of Ur" and "King of Sumer and Akkad". His personal goddess was Ninsuna.
Eastleigh
Eastleigh is a town in Hampshire, England, between Southampton and Winchester. It is the largest town and the administrative seat of the Borough of Eastleigh, with a population of 24,011 at the 2011 census.

The town lies on the River Itchen, one of England's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, and a designated site of Special Scientific Interest. The area was originally villages until the 19th century, when Eastleigh was developed as a railway town by the London and South Western Railway.

River Itchen, Hampshire
The River Itchen in Hampshire, England, rises to the south of New Alresford and flows 26 miles (42 km) to meet Southampton Water below the Itchen Bridge. The Itchen Navigation was constructed in the late 17th and early 18th centuries to enable barges to reach Winchester from Southampton Docks, but ceased to operate in the mid-19th century and is largely abandoned today.

The river is one of the world's premier chalk streams for fly fishing, amenable to dry fly or nymphing. The local chalk aquifer has excellent storage and filtration and the river has long been used for drinking water. Watercress thrives in its upper reaches.

Much of the river from its source to Swaythling is classified as a 748.5-hectare (1,850-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and a Special Area of Conservation, of which the 9-hectare (22-acre) Hockley Meadows nature reserve is a part. The Itchen estuary is part of the separate Lee-on-The Solent to Itchen Estuary SSSI.
Tachiyama Mineemon
Tachiyama Mineemon (Japanese: 太刀山 峯右衞門; August 15, 1877 – April 3, 1941) was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture. He was the sport's 22nd yokozuna. He was well known for his extreme strength and skill. He won 99 out of 100 matches from 1909 to 1916 (not counting draws), and also won eleven top division tournament championships (two of them unofficial as they were before the championship system was established in 1909).

Kanreki dohyō-iri
In sumo wrestling, a kanreki dohyō-iri (Japanese: 還暦土俵入り) is a ring-entering ceremony (dohyō-iri) performed by a former yokozuna in celebration of his 60th birthday (called kanreki in Japanese). If he is a toshiyori (a sumo elder), the ceremony is usually held at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan, the main sumo hall in Tokyo. Those who are not current members of the Japan Sumo Association must hold it at another location. A special red tsuna is created and worn, instead of the usual white tsuna. Reaching your 60th birthday is an important occasion in Japan and is celebrated by wearing a red item. This is commonly known as an akatsuna (赤綱) but this term is unofficial. If the dew-sweeper or sword-bearer is a former yokozuna, he wears his own tsuna.
Lumellogno
Lumellogno is a settlement of some 1,500 people to the south-west of the city of Novara in the Italian province Piedmont. Administratively it is a quarter (quartiere) of the Commune of Novara; geographically it is separated from the town by paddy fields and the torrent Agogna.

Lumellogno was the birthplace of the noted twelfth-century scholastic Petrus Lombardus.

Novara
Novara (Italian: [noˈvaːra] ⓘ; Novarese: [nuˈ(ʋ)aːra]) is the capital city of the province of Novara in the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy, to the west of Milan. With a population of 102,231, it is the 2nd-largest city in Piedmont after Turin as of 2025.

It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from Genoa to Switzerland.

Novara lies between the streams Agogna and Terdoppio in northeastern Piedmont, 50 km (31 mi) from Milan and 95 km (59 mi) from Turin. It is only 15 km (9.3 mi) from the river Ticino, which marks the border with the Lombardy region.
Greer Field at Turchin Stadium
Greer Field at Turchin Stadium is a baseball stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the on-campus home of the Tulane University Green Wave college baseball team.

From 1893 to 1989, Tulane's home ballpark was Tulane Diamond, which was located about 100 feet (30 m) south of Turchin Stadium's current location.

2008 Conference USA baseball tournament
The 2008 Conference USA baseball tournament was the 2008 postseason college baseball championship of the NCAA Division I Conference USA, held at Turchin Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, from May 21–May 25, 2008.  Houston won their third C-USA tournament, and received Conference USA's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball tournament.  The tournament consisted of eight teams, with two double-elimination brackets, and a single-game final.
Kiess (crater)
Kiess is a lunar impact crater next to the southern border of the Mare Smythii, near the eastern limb of the Moon. It is located to the east of the crater Kästner, and to the north of Dale and Kreiken.

The interior floor of this crater has been flooded by lava, leaving only a narrow rim above the surface. This surface has a low albedo, and is as dark as the neighboring mare. There is a break in the northeastern rim of Kiess where the crater is nearly attached to the somewhat smaller Widmannstätten, another flooded formation. The overall shape of the rim is slightly elongated in longitude, but it is not overlaid by other craters of note. There are a low ridges on the western interior floor that are concentric to the inner wall.  Both Kiess and Widmannstätten have fractured floors.

The craters Kiess and Widmannstätten were referred to as Wright Brothers, such as by the crew of Apollo 17, prior to being officially named by the IAU in 1973.

Widmannstätten (crater)
Widmannstätten is a lunar impact crater in the southern part of the Mare Smythii, near the eastern limb of the Moon. The rim of this crater has a wide gap along the western side, where it is joined to the larger Kiess. There is also a gap in the northern rim where the crater floor is joined to the adjacent lunar mare. The dark interior floor of this formation has been flooded by lava, leaving a level interior surface and a shallow surviving rim.

Both Kiess and Widmannstätten have fractured floors.

The craters Kiess and Widmannstätten were referred to as Wright Brothers, such as by the crew of Apollo 17, prior to being officially named by the IAU in 1973.
Runcinated 5-cell
In four-dimensional geometry, a runcinated 5-cell is a convex uniform 4-polytope, being a runcination (a 3rd order truncation, up to face-planing) of the regular 5-cell.

There are 3 unique degrees of runcinations of the 5-cell, including with permutations, truncations, and cantellations.

Runcinated 5-orthoplexes
In five-dimensional geometry, a runcinated 5-orthoplex is a convex uniform 5-polytope with 3rd order truncation (runcination) of the regular 5-orthoplex.

There are 8 runcinations of the 5-orthoplex with permutations of truncations, and cantellations. Four are more simply constructed relative to the 5-cube.
Electronic suspension
Electronic suspension refers to vehicle suspension systems that use electronic sensors, actuators, and control units to adjust damping and preload characteristics dynamically. Found on both motorcycles and automobiles, these systems enhance ride comfort, handling precision, and stability by adapting suspension behaviour to road conditions and rider or driver input.

Dynamic ESA
Dynamic ESA (Electronic Suspension Adjustment) is a semi-active motorcycle suspension system developed by BMW Motorrad. It automatically adjusts damping and preload in real-time based on riding conditions and riding behaviour. The system improves comfort, handling, and stability by electronically controlling both front and rear suspension elements.