hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carbonita
Carbonita is a municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020 the population was 9,414 in a total area of 1,454 km2. The elevation of the town center is 751 meters. The city belongs to the Immediate Geographic Region of Diamantina. It became a municipality in 1963. Neighboring municipalities are: Turmalina, Veredinha, Itamarandiba, Diamantina, Senador Modestino Gonçalves and Bocaiúva. The distance to Belo Horizonte is 421 km. The nearest major population center, Itamarandiba, is 46 km on secondary roads. Highway access from the capital is made by Curvelo and Diamantina, via BR-040, BR-135, BR-259, and BR-367; from João Monlevade, Guanhães, São João Evangelista, Coluna and Itamarandiba, via BR-381, MG-129, BR-120, and BR-451.

Diamantina, Minas Gerais
Diamantina (Portuguese pronunciation: [dʒiamɐ̃ˈtʃinɐ]) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. Its estimated population in 2020 was 47,825 in a total area of 3,870 km2.

Arraial do Tijuco (as Diamantina was first called) was built during the colonial era in the early 18th century. As its name suggests, Diamantina was a center of diamond mining in the 18th and 19th centuries. A well-preserved example of Brazilian Baroque architecture, Diamantina is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other historical cities in Minas Gerais are Ouro Preto, São João del-Rei, Mariana, Tiradentes, Congonhas and Sabará.
Paphiopedilum
Paphiopedilum, often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily Cypripedioideae of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The genus is native to Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, southern China, New Guinea and the Solomon and Bismarck Islands. The type species of this genus is Paphiopedilum insigne.

The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs  in horticulture.

Due to their popularity, Paphiopedilums have been ruthlessly gathered and poached from the wild, making them very rare or extinct there. As soon as a new species or population is discovered, poachers will take the plants for orchid collectors who pay large sums of money. Habitat destruction is an additional factor contributing to their rarity.

Paphiopedilum bellatulum
Paphiopedilum bellatulum, commonly known as the egg-in-a-nest orchid, is a species of slipper orchid found from southeastern Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Guangxi of China to Indochina, including Thailand and Myanmar. Its strikingly-colored flowers gained significant attention among enthusiasts, with various hybrid forms are cultivated.
Sherwood, Calgary
Sherwood is a residential neighbourhood in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Located near the north edge of the city, it is bounded by Sarcee Trail to the west, the Nolan Hill community across 128 Avenue N.W./ Symons Valley Parkway to the north, the Kincora community across Shaganappi Trail to the east, and the Hamptons community across Stoney Trail to the south. It is one of five communities located within the Symons Valley area.

Sherwood is represented in the Calgary City Council by the Ward 2 councillor.

Nolan Hill
Nolan Hill is a residential neighbourhood in the northwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Located near the north edge of the city, it is bounded by Sarcee Trail to the west, 144 Avenue N.W. to the north, the Sage Hill community across Shaganappi Trail to the east, and the Sherwood community across Symons Valley Parkway N.W. to the south. It is one of five communities in the Symons Valley area.

Nolan Hill is in Calgary City Council's Ward 2.
Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics
The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Russian: Институт прикладной математики им. М.В.Келдыша, ИПМ) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics. It was established to solve computational tasks related to government programs of nuclear and fusion energy, space research and missile technology. The Institute is a part of the Department of Mathematical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main direction of activity of the institute is the use of computer technology to solve complex scientific and technical issues of practical importance. Since 2016, the development of mathematical and computational methods for biological research, as well as a direct solution to the problems of computational biology with the use of such methods, has also been included in the circle of scientific activities of the institute.

Mstislav Keldysh
Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (Russian: Мстисла́в Все́володович Ке́лдыш; 10 February [O.S. 28 January] 1911 – 24 June 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program.

He was the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1946), President of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1961–1975), three-time Hero of Socialist Labour (1956, 1961, 1971), and fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1968). He was one of the key figures behind the Soviet space program. Among scientific circles of the USSR Keldysh was known by the epithet "the Chief Theoretician" in analogy with epithet "the Chief Designer" used for Sergei Korolev.
Gordon Korman
Gordon Korman is a Canadian author of children's and young adult fiction books. Korman's books have sold more than 30 million copies worldwide over a career spanning four decades and have appeared at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.

Thornhill, Ontario
Thornhill is a suburban district in the Regional Municipality of York in Ontario, Canada.  The western portion of Thornhill is within the City of Vaughan  and its eastern portion is within the City of Markham, with Yonge Street forming the boundary between Vaughan and Markham. Thornhill is situated along the northern border of Toronto, centred on Yonge, and is also immediately south of the City of Richmond Hill. Once a police village, Thornhill is still a postal designation. As of 2016, its total population, including both its Vaughan and Markham sections, was 112,719.
Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in and the county seat of Frederick County, Maryland, United States. Frederick's population was 78,171 people as of the 2020 census, making it the second-largest incorporated city in Maryland behind Baltimore. It is a part of the Washington metropolitan area and the greater Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.

The city is located at an important crossroads at the intersection of a major north–south Native American trail and east–west routes to the Chesapeake Bay, both at Baltimore and what became Washington, D.C., and across the Appalachian Mountains to the Ohio River watershed.

Frederick is home to Frederick Municipal Airport (IATA: FDK), which accommodates general aviation, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army bioscience and communications research installation and Frederick County's largest employer.

Monocacy River
The Monocacy River (/məˈnɒkəsi/) is a free-flowing left tributary to the Potomac River, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay. The river is 58.5 miles (94.1 km) long, with a drainage area of about 970 square miles (2,500 km2). It is the largest Maryland tributary to the Potomac.

The name "Monocacy" comes from the Shawnee name for the river Monnockkesey, which translates to "river with many bends." (However, another local tradition asserts that "Monocacy" means "well-fenced garden" in an Indian language.)

The Monocacy National Battlefield lies alongside part of the river, marking an 1864 engagement during the American Civil War, the Battle of Monocacy Junction. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal crosses over the river at the Monocacy Aqueduct, the largest of the 11 aqueducts on the canal.

Confluence of Monocacy and Potomac Rivers by the Monocacy Aqueduct
Clark County Court House (Kentucky)
The Clark County Court House is a Greek Revival courthouse in downtown Winchester, Kentucky, United States.

Built in 1853, it is the fourth building on this site, and still houses the Circuit Courtroom and Family Courtroom for the Administrative Office of the Courts.

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

It is the centerpiece of the Winchester Downtown Commercial District, also NRHP-listed.

Winchester, Kentucky
Winchester is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Clark County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 19,134 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Winchester is located roughly halfway between Lexington and Mt. Sterling.
BBC Hereford & Worcester
BBC Hereford & Worcester is the BBC's local radio station serving the counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire, which were one county from 1974 to 1998.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and online via BBC Sounds from studios on Hylton Road in Worcester.

According to RAJAR, the station has 82,000 listeners with a reach of 15% as of Q4 2025.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
East Aurora, New York
East Aurora is a village in Erie County, New York, United States, southeast of Buffalo. It lies in the eastern half of the town of Aurora. The village population was 5,998 per the 2020 census. It is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. In 2015, East Aurora was rated the third-best town to raise a family in New York State by Niche. According to the National Council of Home Safety and Security, it is also among the safest places to live in New York State  (ranked 1st, 2018). The village is included on the List of Tree Cities USA.

Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
The Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan statistical area is a metropolitan area, designated by the United States Census Bureau, encompassing two counties - Erie and Niagara - in the state of New York. It is the second-largest metropolitan area in the state. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 1,166,902. The larger Buffalo Niagara Region is an economic zone consisting of eight counties in Western New York.
Elfin of Alt Clut
Elfin was a ruler of Alt Clut, a Brittonic kingdom based on Dumbarton Rock, sometime in the later 7th century. According to the Harleian genealogies, he was the son of Eugein I, one of his predecessors as king, and the father of Beli II, who ruled some time later. Very little is certainly known of him, though he may be identifiable with other figures attested in the Irish annals, and circumstantial evidence may link him to a number of important events during this time.

Beli II of Alt Clut
Beli II (Welsh: Beli ap Elfin; Irish: Bile mac Eilphin; died 722) was a king of Alt Clut, a Brittonic kingdom based on Dumbarton Rock, for some period in the early 8th century.

According to the Harleian genealogies, he was the son of Elfin, one of his predecessors as king. The same genealogy makes him father to Teudebur, his probable successor on the throne. His obituary is noted in the Brut y Tywysogion and the Annals of Ulster under the year 722.
Paderborn Baskets
Paderborn Baskets 91 e.V., for sponsorship reasons named Gartenzaun24 Baskets Paderborn, is a basketball club based in Paderborn, Germany. The club currently plays in the ProA, the second highest basketball league in Germany.

The club reached the 2008–09 Basketball Bundesliga playoffs where Paderborn earned two victories against the defending champion ALBA Berlin against all odds. It has been Paderborn's main accomplishment to date.

Paderborn
Paderborn (German pronunciation: [paːdɐˈbɔʁn] ⓘ; Westphalian: Patterbuorn, also Paterboärn) is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and Born, an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.
HMS St George (1840)
HMS St George was a 120-gun, three-deck, first rate, broadened Caledonia-class ship of the line built for the Royal Navy during the 1830s. Completed in 1840, the ship remained in ordinary until 1850 and served as a guard ship. St George was razeed and converted into a steam-powered, 89-gun, second rate, two decker in 1858–1859.

Caledonia-class ship of the line
The Caledonia-class ships of the line were a class of nine 120-gun first rates, designed for the Royal Navy by Sir William Rule. A tenth ship (Royal Frederick) was ordered on 29 October 1827 to the same design, but was launched in 1833 as Queen to a fresh design by Sir William Symonds. The lead ship of the class, Caledonia, had "superb sailing qualities" and was chosen by the Board of Admiralty to serve as the model for all future three-decker ships of the line.
Guild Wars Nightfall
Guild Wars Nightfall is a fantasy action role-playing game and the third stand-alone campaign in the Guild Wars series developed by ArenaNet, a subsidiary of NCSOFT corporation. Nightfall was released worldwide on October 27, 2006, having been in development alongside Guild Wars Factions since November 2005.

Nightfall takes place in the continent of Elona in the Guild Wars universe. It follows the player's character as they join the Order of the Sunspears and uncover the desire of Warmarshal Varesh to return a long forgotten god to the world through an event called Nightfall. The players, assisted by their hero allies, fight through civil war,  ignorant Vabbi princes and Varesh's demon allies as they attempt to prevent the coming of Nightfall.

ArenaNet
ArenaNet, LLC is an American video game developer and subsidiary of NCSoft, founded in 2000 by Mike O'Brien, Patrick Wyatt and Jeff Strain and located in Bellevue, Washington. They are most notable as developers of the online role-playing game series Guild Wars.
Pioneer Telegraph Station
Pioneer Telegraph Station, is historical building in Sacramento, California. The building is a California Historical Landmark No. 366 listed on October 9, 1939. From 1863 to 1868 the building housed the State Telegraph Company. From 1868 to 1915 the building housed the Union Telegraph Company. The Pioneer Telegraph Station Building is part of the Old Sacramento State Historic Park. The Pioneer Telegraph Station Building is sometimes confused with the Pony Express Terminal building, also in Old Sacramento State Historic Park.

Old Sacramento State Historic Park
Old Sacramento State Historic Park occupies around one third of the property within the Old Sacramento Historic District of Sacramento, California.  The Old Sacramento Historic District is a U.S. National Historic Landmark District.  The Historic District is sometimes abbreviated as Old Sacramento, or Old Sac,  and since the 1960s has been restored and developed as a significant tourist attraction.
Rawtenstall
Rawtenstall (/ˈrɒtənstɔːl/) is a town in the borough of Rossendale, Lancashire, England. The town lies 15 miles (24 km) north of Manchester, 22 miles (35 km) east of Preston and 45 miles (70 km) south east of Lancaster. The town is at the centre of the Rossendale Valley. As of 2022, it had a population of 23,000.

David Whitehead (businessman)
David Whitehead (11 December, 1790, Gambleside - 28 January, 1865) was a Lancashire businessman who set up in business with his brothers Thomas and Peter in 1815. He became a major figure in the cotton industry, developing several mills in Rawtenstall. He was an active methodist and attended the third International Peace Congress held in Paris in 1849.

He is buried in the same grave as his two brothers in the churchyard of Longholme Methodist Church. He had 11 children, of whom nine appear to have survived him. His will divided his property between five sons with provision for his widow and four daughters. Two of his sons were Thomas Hoyle Whitehead and John Ormerod Whitehead.
Gallo-Romance languages
The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the langues d'oïl and Franco-Provençal. However, other definitions are far broader and variously encompass the Occitan or Occitano-Romance, Gallo-Italic or Rhaeto-Romance languages.

Old Gallo-Romance was one of the two languages in which the Oaths of Strasbourg were written in 842 AD.

Palatalization (sound change)
Palatalization (/ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ PAL-ə-təl-eye-ZAY-shən) is a historical-linguistic sound change that results in a palatalized articulation of a consonant or, in certain cases, a front vowel. Palatalization involves change in the place or manner of articulation of consonants, or the fronting or raising of vowels. In some cases, palatalization involves assimilation or lenition.
Galatro
Galatro (Greek: Γαλοτυριον, romanized: Galotyrion) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria. As of 31 December 2004 it had a population of 2,077 and an area of 50.5 square kilometres (19.5 sq mi).

It borders the municipalities of Fabrizia, Feroleto della Chiesa, Giffone, Grotteria, Laureana di Borrello, Mammola, Maropati, and San Pietro di Caridà.

Laureana di Borrello
Laureana di Borrello (Calabrian: Loriàna) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region of Calabria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria.
Hudson Hall (arts organization)
Hudson Hall at the historic Hudson Opera House is an arts organization and venue in downtown Hudson, New York. The organization presents and produces arts and cultural programming year-round, and is an important civic partner in the vitality of Hudson. The building, constructed in 1855 as Hudson's city hall, is New York's oldest surviving theater.

Hudson, New York
Hudson is a city in and the county seat of Columbia County, New York, United States. At the 2020 census, it had a population of 5,894. On the east side of the Hudson River, 120 miles (190 km) from the Atlantic Ocean, it was named after the river's explorer, Henry Hudson.

Often called the "Brooklyn of Upstate New York", Hudson is a tourist destination known for its antique shops and boutiques.
Manouche Lehartel
Manouche Lehartel is a French Polynesian dance expert. She has served repeatedly on the jury of the Hevia i Tahiti festival and cofounded the 'Ori Tahiti Nui dance competition. She was the first Polynesian director of the Musée de Tahiti et des Îles, and directed the museum for twenty years. She is the mother of dancer and actor Tuarii Tracqui.

She has a long involvement with the Heiva i Tahiti dance festival, having served on its jury seven times. She was president of the jury in 2013, 2014, and 2022. In 2012 she co-founded (with Tumata Robinson) the 'Ori Tahiti Nui international dance competition.

She was first appointed director of the Musée de Tahiti et des Îles in 1983. In December 2016 she was reappointed as acting director of the museum following the departure of Théano Jaillet. She was replaced in March 2017 by Miriama Bono.

Tuarii Tracqui
Tuarii Tracqui (born 1991) is a French Polynesian actor and dancer. He is the son of dance expert Manouche Lehartel.

Tracqui was born in Tahiti. He began dancing at the age of 15 after the death of his father. In 2008 he enrolled in the Artistic Conservatory of French Polynesia, graduating with a diploma of traditional studies, and winning a gold medal in dance. He then studied Tahitian language at the University of French Polynesia. He won best dancer at the 2012 Heiva, and served on the jury for the 2016 Heiva a Paris. In 2015 he started acting, on stage in Les champignons de Paris, and on television in Tupapa'u and the short comedy series Maui and Coco. He also worked as a choreographer on the TV show "Dance in paradise".
FC Arda Kardzhali
FC Arda 1924 Kardzhali (Bulgarian: ПФК Арда Кърджали) is a Bulgarian professional football club based in Kardzhali that competes in First League, the top tier of the Bulgarian football league system.

It was founded on 13 October 1924, as an association football branch of a larger sports society in the town. The club was reestablished in 2015, after its former entity was dissolved.

Named after the Arda river, a tributary of the Maritsa, Arda's home ground is the Arena Arda in Kardzhali, which has a capacity of 15,000 spectators. For the majority of its existence, the club regularly participated in the Second League, with its highest-ever ranking a second-place finish during the 1955–56 Bulgarian Second League. In the Bulgarian Cup, Arda have reached the finals once, in 2021, losing to CSKA Sofia.

In 2018–19, Arda won the Second League promotion play-off against Septemvri Sofia, resulting in the club's first-ever appearance in the Bulgarian top division.

Kardzhali
Kardzhali (Bulgarian: Кърджали [ˈkɤrd͡ʒɐli], Kărdžali; Turkish: Kırcaali), sometimes spelt Kardžali or Kurdzhali, is a town in the Eastern Rhodopes in Bulgaria, centre of Kardzhali Municipality and Kardzhali Province. The noted Kardzhali Reservoir is located nearby. It is an important regional economic hub.
Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Günther Friedrich Karl II of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (24 September 1801 – 15 September 1889) was the ruling Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen following his father's abdication in 1835 until his own abdication in 1880. After Schwarzburg-Sondershausen joined the North German Confederation, he joined the Royal Prussian Army, and in 1879 became General of the Infantry.

Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (German: Karl Günther, Fürst von Schwarzburg-Sondershausen; 7 August 1830 – 28 March 1909) was the ruler of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, a constituent state of the German Empire, and head of the House of Schwarzburg from 17 July 1880 until his death.
Peter Costello
Peter Howard Costello (born 14 August 1957) is an Australian former politician and barrister who served as the treasurer of Australia from 1996 to 2007 and the deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 1994 to 2007. He was the member of parliament (MP) for the Victorian division of Higgins from 1990 to 2009.

In 2008, Costello was appointed as chairman of the World Bank's new Independent Advisory Board (IAB) to provide advice on anti-corruption measures. He served as Chairman of Nine Entertainment from 2016 until 2024. Costello is Chairman of the Board of Guardians of Australian Future Fund.

Michael Kroger
Michael Norman Kroger (born 30 May 1957) is a former Australian lawyer. He was president of the Victorian Liberal Party from 1987 to 1992 and from 2015 to 2018, and is considered a member of the conservative faction.
Emerald railway station, Queensland
Emerald railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Central Western railway line at Clermont Street (Capricorn Highway/Gregory Highway), Emerald, Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. The building design was signed by Henrik Hansen was built in 1900 by Thomas Moir. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Central Western railway line
The Central Western railway line is a railway line in Queensland, Australia. It was opened in a series of sections between 1867 and 1928. It commences at Rockhampton and extends west 863 kilometres (536 mi) to Winton.