hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menkes disease
Menkes disease (MNK), also known as Menkes syndrome, is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for the copper-transport protein ATP7A, leading to copper deficiency. Characteristic findings include kinky hair, growth failure, and nervous system deterioration. Like all X-linked recessive conditions, Menkes disease is more common in males than in females. The disorder was first described by John Hans Menkes in 1962.

Onset occurs during infancy, with incidence of about 1 in 100,000 to 250,000 newborns; affected infants often do not live past the age of three years, though there are rare cases in which less severe symptoms emerge later in childhood.

ATP7A
ATP7A, also known as Menkes' protein (MNK), is a copper-transporting P-type ATPase which uses the energy arising from ATP hydrolysis to transport Cu(I) across cell membranes. The ATP7A protein is a transmembrane protein and is expressed in the intestine and all tissues except liver. In the intestine, ATP7A regulates Cu(I) absorption in the human body by transporting Cu(I) from the small intestine into the blood. In other tissues, ATP7A shuttles between the Golgi apparatus and the cell membrane to maintain proper Cu(I) concentrations (since there is no free Cu(I) in the cell, Cu(I) ions are all tightly bound) in the cell and provides certain enzymes with Cu(I) (e.g. peptidyl-α-monooxygenase, tyrosinase, and lysyl oxidase). The X-linked, inherited, lethal genetic disorder of the ATP7A gene causes Menkes disease, a copper deficiency resulting in early childhood death.
Van Rooy sheep
The Van Rooy, also known as the Van Rooy White Persian, is a breed of domestic sheep native to South Africa. The Van Rooy was first developed in 1906 by (and named for) J. C. van Rooy, a South African Senator and farmer in the Bethulie district. The Van Rooy is cross between indigenous Ronderib Afrikaner sheep, and Rambouillets. It is a fat-tailed sheep  and also a hair sheep, removing the need for shearing and crutching. They are generally kept for meat production, and are very well-suited to arid climates. Van Rooys are polled, have drooping ears, and are entirely white. The breed is relatively rare, even in South Africa, but has also been exported to Namibia and Zimbabwe.

In 1998, the first Van Rooy embryos were imported into Australia and rams have now been used as a foundation sires in White Dorper upgrading programs. Van Rooy genetics have also contributed to the development of the Australian White sheep breed.

Dorper
The Dorper is a South African breed of domestic sheep developed by crossing Dorset Horn and the Blackhead Persian sheep. The breed was created through the efforts of the South African Department of Agriculture to breed a meat sheep suitable to the more arid regions of the country. It is now farmed in other areas as well, and is the second most common sheep breed in South Africa.
Vignogn
Vignogn is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.

Vrin
Vrin (German pronunciation: [vʁin] ⓘ) is a village and a former municipality in the Lumnezia. It belonged to the circle of Lugnez/Lumnezia in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.

In 1998, the village was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.
Tuan Nizam Muthaliff
Colonel Tuan Nizam Muthaliff, RWP, MI (July 12, 1966 – May 31, 2005) was a Sri Lanka Army officer and intelligence officer who, while serving as the commanding officer, 1 Military Intelligence Corps, was assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the ceasefire and peace process.

Sri Lanka Army
The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව, romanised: Śrî Langkâ Yudha Hamudâwa; Tamil: இலங்கை இராணுவம், romanised: Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces. The army was officially established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, though the army traces its roots back to 1881 when Ceylon Light Infantry Volunteers was created; the army was renamed as the 'Sri Lanka Army' when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2024, the Army had approximately 150,000 personnel.

The Army Headquarters is situated in Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Commander of the Army is the highest appointment in the army who commands the army and is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army. The Commander-in-Chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the President of Sri Lanka, who heads the National Security Council through the Ministry of Defence, which is charged with formulating, executing defence policy and procurements for the armed forces.
Khuon Sudary
Khuon Sudary (Khmer: ឃួន សុដារី, UNGEGN: Khuŏn Sŏdari, ALA-LC: Ghuan Suṭārī [kʰuən soɗaːriː]; born 8 November 1952) is a Cambodian politician who has been the President of the National Assembly since 2023, and a member of the assembly since 1998. A member of the Cambodian People's Party, she serves in its politburo and on its central committee.

National Assembly (Cambodia)
The National Assembly (Khmer: រដ្ឋសភា, UNGEGN: Roatsaphea [rɔət.sapʰiə]; lit. 'State Assembly') is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Cambodia. It is referred to as the lower house, with the Senate being referred to as the upper house.

The National Assembly is an elected body consisting of 125 members known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Members are elected for five-year terms by party-list proportional representation, using capital/provinces as constituencies of 1 to 12 members, and the D'Hondt method of seat distribution. A political party must secure 63 seats to obtain and preserve a majority.

The National Assembly is headed by the President, currently Khuon Sodary. The seventh National Assembly held its inaugural session on 21 August 2023.
Boku wa Ikemen
Boku wa Ikemen (ボクはイケメン; "I'm Handsome") is a Japanese manga series written by Nanki Satō and illustrated by Akira Kiduki. It was serialized in Hakusensha's seinen manga magazine Young Animal from November 2016 to April 2018, with its chapters collected in four tankōbon volumes.

Young Animal (magazine)
Young Animal (ヤングアニマル, Yangu Animaru) is a biweekly Japanese seinen manga magazine that features photos of gravure idols. It has been published by Hakusensha on the second and fourth Friday of each month since 1992.
Gangavalli
Gangavalli  is a panchayat town in Gangavalli taluk of Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 31 panchayat towns in the district. Spread across an area of 4 km2 (1.5 sq mi), it had a population of 12,015 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Salem district
Salem district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district is now divided into Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Namakkal as individual districts. Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Tharamangalam, Thammampatti, Attur, Omalur, Sangagiri and Edappadi. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings Adhiyaman and Valvil Ori of Sangam age. It is part of Mazhanadu, a vast region that dates to the second century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the Smart city. Salem is famous for cultivating mangoes.
Blaby District
Blaby is a local government district in Leicestershire, England. The district is named after the village of Blaby, although the council is based in Narborough. The district covers an area lying south-west of the city of Leicester. Several of the district's settlements form part of the wider Leicester Urban Area, including Glenfield, where Leicestershire County Council has its headquarters at County Hall, and the town of Braunstone.

The neighbouring districts are Hinckley and Bosworth, Charnwood, Leicester, Oadby and Wigston, Harborough and Rugby.

Leicestershire County Council
Leicestershire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Leicestershire, England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes Leicester. The county council was originally formed in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888. The county is divided into 53 electoral divisions, which return a total of 55 councillors. The council is based at County Hall at Glenfield, just outside the city of Leicester in Blaby district. The county council has been under no overall control since the 2025 election, being run by a Reform UK minority administration.
Glassbox Television
Glassbox Television Inc. was an independent Canadian broadcasting and media company specializing in the operation of multi-platform broadcast and video-on-demand (VOD) channels, content production, and digital publishing.

The company was formed in 2001 by Jeffrey Elliott and was made as a TV company with the launch of its first television channel, BiteTV and is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Makeful
Makeful is a Canadian specialty television channel owned by Blue Ant Media focused on lifestyle programming relating to do-it-yourself projects such as food, design, style, and crafts in connection with maker culture (from which the channel takes its name).

The channel was first launched on March 5, 2005, as BiteTV. Originally airing short-form reality programming, the channel eventually shifted its focus towards comedy programming. By 2013, Bite began airing general entertainment programming before ultimately relaunching under its current name on August 24, 2015.

Makeful was available in 8.5 million households, as of 2013. Outside of Canada, the Makeful brand is operated by Rock Entertainment Holdings in Southeast Asia.
Manukau East
Manukau East was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate that returned one member of parliament to the House of Representatives. It was first formed for the 1996 election. Between the 2014 election and the 2020 electorate adjustment it was held by Jenny Salesa, a member of the Labour Party, who also won the replacement Panmure-Ōtāhuhu seat in the 2020 election.

Jenny Salesa
Jennifer Teresia Salesa (née Latu, born c. 1968) is a New Zealand politician and member of the Labour Party who has served as a Member of Parliament since 2014. She was first elected as MP for Manukau East, and after its abolition in 2020 won the replacement electorate of Panmure-Ōtāhuhu. She served as a Cabinet Minister in the Sixth Labour Government as Minister for Building and Construction, Minister of Customs (from 2019) and Minister for Ethnic Communities from 2017 until 6 November 2020.
Panamint Range
The Panamint Range is a short rugged fault-block mountain range in the northern Mojave Desert, within Death Valley National Park in Inyo County, eastern California. A small part of the southern end of the range is in San Bernardino County. Dr. Darwin French is credited as applying the term Panamint in 1860 during his search for the fabled Gunsight Lode.

The origin of the name is the Paiute or Koso word Panümünt or Pa (water) and nïwïnsti (person).

Inyo County, California
Inyo County (/ˈɪnjoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the eastern central part of the U.S. state of California, located between the Sierra Nevada and the state of Nevada. In the 2020 census, the population was 19,016. The county seat is Independence. Inyo County is on the east side of the Sierra Nevada and southeast of Yosemite National Park in Central California. It contains the Owens River Valley; it is flanked to the west by the Sierra Nevada and to the east by the White Mountains and the Inyo Mountains. Mono County is to the north. With an area of 10,192 square miles (26,400 km2), Inyo is the second-largest county by area in California, after San Bernardino County which is directly south of Inyo County. Almost half of Inyo County's area is within Death Valley National Park. However, with a population density of 1.8 people per square mile, it also has the second-lowest population density in California, after Alpine County.
Freddie Jones
Frederick Charles Jones (12 September 1927 – 9 July 2019) was an English actor who had an extensive career in television, theatre and cinema productions for almost sixty years. In theatre, he was best known for originating the role of Sir in The Dresser; in film, he was best known for his collaboration with David Lynch, starting with his role as a ruthless ringmaster Bytes in The Elephant Man (1980); and in television, he was best known for playing Sandy Thomas in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale from 2005 to 2018.

Sandy Thomas
Sandy Thomas is a fictional character from the British soap opera Emmerdale, played by Freddie Jones. Sandy was introduced as the father of Ashley Thomas (John Middleton). He made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 6 November 2005. The character originally departed in March 2008, but returned to the show in February 2009. On 6 February 2018, it was confirmed that Jones had filmed his final episode and he made his final appearance as Sandy on 19 February 2018.
Tin(IV) oxide
Tin(IV) oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO2. The mineral form of SnO2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid.

Amphoterism
In chemistry, an amphoteric compound (from Greek  amphoteros 'both') is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used.
Idli podi
Idli podi, chutney pudi, or milagai podi (Tamil: இட்லிப் பொடி, romanized: iṭlip poṭi; Malayalam: ഇഡ്ഡലി പൊടി, romanized: iḍḍali poṭi;Telugu: కారం పొడి, romanized: kāraṁ poḍi; Kannada: ಚಟ್ನಿ ಪುಡಿ, romanized: chaṭni puḍi) is a coarse spice powder, originating from the Indian subcontinent, with a  mixture of ground dry spices that usually comprises "dried chilis, black gram dhal, chickpea, and sesame seeds". The spice mix is commonly referred to in informal speech as "gunpowder" due to its flavorful heat or chutney powder. It is generally mixed with gingelly (sesame) oil or melted ghee when it is served alongside idli or dosa.

While historical records of the origin of Podi, or gunpowder, are scattered, Sangam literature boasts it as a popular delicacy during the reign of the Vijayanagara dynasty. Its impact is most prominent in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

Idli
Idli (/ˈɪdliː/; plural: idlis) or idly is a South Indian and Sri Lankan rice cake popular as a breakfast food. The cakes are made by steaming a batter consisting of fermented hulled black lentils and rice. The fermentation process breaks down the starches so that they are more readily metabolised by the body.

Idli has several variations, including rava idli, which is made from semolina. Regional variants include sanna of Konkan.
Panzer Kaserne
48°40′54″N 9°02′46″E﻿ / ﻿48.6818°N 9.046°E﻿ / 48.6818; 9.046

Panzer Kaserne (or Camp Panzer Kaserne) is a U.S. military  installation in Böblingen, Germany, part of U.S. Army Garrison Stuttgart. The post is administered by U.S. Army Installation Management Command-Europe (IMCOM-Europe), a legacy from its use as an Army installation since just after World War II. Panzer also hosts the headquarters of U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Europe & Africa (MARFOREURAF) and various Special Operations units of the Army and Navy supporting EUCOM and AFRICOM. There is also a different Panzer Kaserne in Kaiserslautern, Germany

Patch Barracks
48°44′11″N 9°04′52″E﻿ / ﻿48.73639°N 9.08111°E﻿ / 48.73639; 9.08111

Patch Barracks is a U.S. military installation in Stuttgart, Germany. It is named after U.S. Army General Alexander M. Patch (1889–1945).
President's Council on Bioethics
The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics. Established on November 28, 2001, by Executive Order 13237, the council was directed to "advise the President on bioethical issues that may emerge as a consequence of advances in biomedical science and technology".  It succeeded and largely replaced the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, which expired in 2001.

The members of the council were appointed directly by the President; the President also chose the chairperson of the council (last appointed Chair was Edmund D. Pellegrino). Council members, totaling no more than 18, were appointed for a two-year term, after which time they could be reappointed by the President. Individuals appointed could not be officers or employees of the federal government. Executive Order 13237 was renewed in 2003, 2005 and again in 2007.

Edmund Pellegrino
Edmund Daniel Pellegrino (June 22, 1920 – June 13, 2013) was an American bioethicist and academic who served as the 11th president of The Catholic University of America (CUA) from 1978 to 1982. For 35 years, Pellegrino was a distinguished professor of medicine and medical ethics and the Director of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University. Pellegrino was an expert both in clinical bioethics, and in the field of medicine and the humanities, specifically, the teaching of humanities in medical school, which he helped pioneer). He was the second layman to hold the position of President of Catholic University.

He was the Chairman of the President's Council on Bioethics, under the 43rd U.S. President, George W. Bush, and was the founder of the Edmund D. Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics (renamed in his honor in 2013) at Georgetown University.
An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set
An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set is the thirteenth album by the rock group the Allman Brothers Band.  It was recorded live in December 1991 and March 1992, and released in 1992.

An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set was the first live Allman Brothers Band album, and their third album overall, to feature Warren Haynes on guitar and Allen Woody on bass.  Haynes and Woody had joined the group when it reformed in 1989.

Warren Haynes
Warren Haynes (born April 6, 1960) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for his work as longtime guitarist with the Allman Brothers Band and as founding member of the jam band Gov't Mule. Early in his career he was a guitarist for David Allan Coe and The Dickey Betts Band. Haynes is also known for his associations with the surviving members of the Grateful Dead, including touring with Phil Lesh and Friends and the Dead. In addition, Haynes founded and manages Evil Teen Records.
People's University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women
The People’s University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women (PUMHSW) (Sindhi: پيپلز يونيورسٽي آف ميڊيڪل اينڊ هيلٿ سائنسز فار وومين) is a public medical university located in Shaheed Benazirabad District (Nawabshah), Sindh, Pakistan.

It is the first women’s medical university in Sindh. The university is affiliated with People’s Medical University Hospital (formerly referred to as People’s Medical College Hospital or Civil Hospital, Nawabshah) and NORIN Cancer Hospital.

Nawabshah
Nawabshah is a city and also the headquarter of Nawabshah Tehsil in Shaheed Benazirabad District of Sindh province, Pakistan. This city is situated in the middle of Sindh province. It is the 27th most populous city in Pakistan. Nawabshah is called the heart of Sindh Province.
The World Tonight (Philippine TV program)
The World Tonight is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by ABS-CBN, ANC, Kapamilya Channel and All TV. Originally anchored by Hal Bowie and Henry Halasan, it aired on ABS-CBN's evening line up from November 21, 1966 to September 22, 1972. The newscast returned on the network's evening line up from September 15, 1986 to August 13, 1999. The show began broadcasting on ANC on May 1, 1996, followed by a broadcast on Kapamilya Channel on July 27, 2020. Tony Velasquez currently serves as the anchor. It is the longest-running news broadcasting show in the Philippines.

Kapamilya Channel
Kapamilya Channel (lit. 'Family member channel') is a 24-hour Filipino pay television channel owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, a subsidiary of Lopez Holdings Corporation. Its headquarters is located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City and serves as the flagship television channel under the ABS-CBN media brand.

Kapamilya Channel launched on June 13, 2020, replacing the free-to-air ABS-CBN after its broadcast renewal franchise expired on May 5, 2020, and the eventual denial on July 10, 2020. The channel airs a mix of ABS-CBN programs, including those that aired before and after its launch.
Karen Graffeo
Karen Graffeo is an American artist based in  Birmingham, Alabama. While specializing in photography, Graffeo is also a choreographer and installation artist. Early in her photography career, she worked as Jerry Uelsmann's assistant and model.  She earned an undergraduate degree from Jacksonville State University and a Master of Arts in art education from the University of Alabama, where she also earned MFA degrees in photography and painting. She has taught at the University of Montevallo since 1990 and has also taught at University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Graffeo is a founding member of Stare Studio along with Virginia Scruggs and Melissa Springer.
From 1992 and until 2000, Graffeo was represented by Agnes in Birmingham, Alabama.

Agnes (gallery)
Agnes was a photography gallery in Birmingham, Alabama, United States from 1993 to 2001. Shawn Boley, Jon Coffelt and Jan Hughes opened the gallery with the mission of attempting to raise awareness of social issues — such as cancer, AIDS, death and dying, the environment, homelessness, ethics, racism, classism, imprisonment — through photojournalism, film, video, poetry, and artist's bookss. Controversial, Agnes was picketed on several occasions, one of which resulted in a USA Today article on December 5, 1994.

Agnes worked closely with Video Data Bank in Chicago Illinois for short film/vido screenings which included work by Sadie Benning, Jim Cohen, Ana Mendieta and Susan Share among many others.
Bayou Brevelle
Bayou Brevelle is a series of interconnected, natural waterways totaling over 18 miles in length in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana.  Its main channel is at Old River and Kisatchie Bayou at Montrose to Natchez near the Cane River. During heavy rains or floods, Bayou Brevelle joins the Cane River. The bayou is flanked by Interstate 49 on the west and the Cane River on the east, and is one of the many waterways on Isle Brevelle.

Kisatchie Bayou
Kisatchie Bayou is a series of interconnected, natural waterways totaling over 38 miles in length in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, and Sabine Parish, Louisiana. The bayou is a tributary of Old River at Isle Brevelle. The bayou runs through a large portion of Kisatchie National Forest, the only national forest in the State of Louisiana.

Kisatchie Falls, located on Kisatchie Bayou, is the only Class II rapids in Louisiana.

The Man in the Moon (1991 film) was filmed at Kisatchie Bayou. Several of the swimming scenes with actress Reese Witherspoon were filmed at the bayou and the falls.