hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gediminas
Gediminas (c. 1275 – December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death in 1341. When addressing him, Pope John XXII called him rex (i.e. king). Gediminas is traditionally considered to have been the founder of Vilnius, the capital city of Lithuania (see: Iron Wolf legend). During his reign, he brought under his rule lands streching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. The Gediminids dynasty he founded and which is named after him came to rule over Poland, Hungary and Bohemia.

Simeon of Moscow
Simeon Ivanovich (Russian: Симеон Иванович; 7 September 1317 – 27 April 1353), also known as Semyon Ivanovich (Russian: Семён Иванович), nicknamed the Proud (Russian: Гордый, romanized: Gordy), was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1340 to 1353.

The son of Ivan I, Simeon continued his father's policies to increase the power and prestige of his state. Simeon's rule was marked by regular military and political standoffs against the Novgorod Republic and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. His relationships with neighboring Russian principalities remained peaceful if not passive: Simeon stayed aside from conflicts between subordinate princes. He had recourse to war only when war was unavoidable. His reign marked a relatively quiet period for Moscow ended by the Black Death that claimed the lives of Simeon and his sons in 1353.
2015 Bahamas Bowl
The 2015 Bahamas Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game played on December 24, 2015 at Thomas Robinson Stadium in Nassau in the Bahamas. The second edition of the Bahamas Bowl featured the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders of Conference USA against the Western Michigan Broncos of the Mid-American Conference. It began at noon EST and air on ESPN.  It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season.  Sponsored by the Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen restaurant chain, the game is officially known as the Popeyes Bahamas Bowl.

The game is best remembered as the Broncos' first bowl victory in school history.

2015 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team
The 2015 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team represented Middle Tennessee State University as a member of the East Division of Conference USA (C-USA) during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by tenth-year head coach Rick Stockstill, the Blue Raiders compiled an overall record of 7–6 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, tying for second place in the C-USA's East Division. Middle Tennessee was invited to the Bahamas Bowl, where they lost to Western Michigan. The team played home games at Johnny "Red" Floyd Stadium in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Piano sonata
A piano sonata is a sonata written for a solo piano. Piano sonatas are usually written in three or four movements, although some piano sonatas have been written with a single movement (Liszt, Scriabin, Prokofiev, Berg), others with two movements (Haydn, Beethoven), some contain five (Brahms' Third Piano Sonata, Czerny's Piano Sonata No. 1, Godowsky's Piano Sonata) or even more movements. The first movement is generally composed in sonata form.

Piano Sonata No. 14 (Beethoven)
The Piano Sonata No. 14 in C♯ minor, marked Quasi una fantasia, Op. 27, No. 2, is a piano sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven, completed in 1801 and dedicated in 1802 to his pupil Countess Julie "Giulietta" Guicciardi. Although known throughout the world as the Moonlight Sonata (German: Mondscheinsonate), it was not Beethoven who named it so. The title "Moonlight Sonata'" was proposed in 1832, after the composer’s death, by the poet Ludwig Rellstab.

The piece is one of Beethoven's most famous compositions for the piano, and was quite popular even in his own day.  Beethoven wrote the Moonlight Sonata around the age of 30, after he had finished with some commissioned work; there is no evidence that he was commissioned to write this sonata.
2012 Atlanta Braves season
The 2012 Atlanta Braves season was the Braves' 16th season of home games at Turner Field, 47th season in Atlanta, and 142nd season overall. After a late season collapse in 2011 kept the Braves from the playoffs, the team returned to the postseason for the second time in three seasons as a Wild Card team, with a record of 94–68. They lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLWC Game.

2012 National League Wild Card Game
The 2012 National League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2012 postseason played between the National League's (NL) two wild card teams, the St. Louis Cardinals and the Atlanta Braves. It was held at Turner Field in Atlanta, on October 5, 2012, at 5:07 p.m. EDT. The Cardinals won by a 6–3 score and advanced to play the Washington Nationals in the NL Division Series. In addition to being the inaugural NL Wild Card Game, it is notable for being the final game of Chipper Jones’ career, as well as for a controversial infield fly rule call made by umpire Sam Holbrook. The game was televised on TBS.
St. Genevieve High School
St. Genevieve High School is a private Roman Catholic high school in Panorama City, Los Angeles, California. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. In 2003, St. Genevieve High School was recognized as a National School of Character by the Character Education Partnership.

Panorama City, Los Angeles
Panorama City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the San Fernando Valley. It has a generally young age range as well as the highest population density in the Valley. More than half of the neighborhood's population was born abroad, the majority being from Mexico. Known as the Valley's first planned community after a transition from agriculture to a post-World War II housing boom, it has been home to several notable residents. It is now a mixture of single-family homes and low-rise apartment buildings.

Panorama City has three high schools, two recreational centers, a senior center, ice rink, two hospitals and a chamber of commerce.
2009 flu pandemic table July 2009
This is a table containing the figures from the WHO Influenza A Situation Updates issued in July 2009 roughly three times a week, and, since 15 July, figures from ECDC.  The table can by sorted by country, date of first confirmed case or date of first confirmed case by continent.

This presentation of the data in this and other tables may show the progression, peaks, and, eventually, decline of the epidemic in each country and continent.

Note that no global report has been issued by WHO since 6 July - the data on 8 July was compiled from the reports of each of WHO's six regions, and since 15 July has been taken from ECDC.

Summary tables | Previous month | Next month

2009 flu pandemic table August 2009
This is a table containing the figures from the ECDC Influenza A Situation Updates issued in August 2009 roughly three times a week.  From 10 August, ECDC only published deaths totals outside its area. The table can by sorted by country, date of first confirmed case or date of first confirmed case by continent.

This presentation of the data in this and other tables may show the progression, peaks, and, eventually, decline of the epidemic in each country and continent.

Summary tables | Previous month | Next month
Salsa romántica
Salsa romántica (Spanish for Romantic Salsa, pronounced [ˈsalsa roˈmantika]) is a soft form of salsa music that emerged between the mid-1980s and early 1990s in New York City, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. It has been criticised for it being supposedly a pale imitation of "real" salsa, often called "salsa dura".

Salsa dura
Salsa dura, also known as salsa brava or salsa gorda, is a style of salsa music developed in the 1970s with an emphasis on the instrumental part of the music (piano, bass, horns, percussion, etc.) over the lead vocals. The genre originated in New York City where large ensembles such as Fania All-Stars adapted the salsa genre to a descarga format. Modern salsa dura bands include Orquesta SCC, Spanish Harlem Orchestra, Wayne Gorbea, Oscar D'Leon, Edwin Perez (singer), Jimmy Bosch, La Maxima 79, Tromboranga, and Orquesta La 33. The term is often used in contrast to salsa romántica, the Latin pop-oriented subgenre of salsa that has predominated since the late 1980s.
Wednesday Addams
Wednesday Friday Addams is a character from the Addams Family multimedia franchise created by American cartoonist Charles Addams. She is typically portrayed as a morbid and emotionally reserved child that is fascinated by the macabre, identified by her pale skin and black pigtails.

Wednesday has been portrayed by several actresses in various films and television series, including Lisa Loring in the television series The Addams Family (1964–1966) and in the television film Halloween with the New Addams Family (1977); Christina Ricci in the feature films The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993); Nicole Fugere in the direct-to-video film Addams Family Reunion (1998) and in the television series The New Addams Family (1998–1999); and Jenna Ortega in the streaming television series Wednesday (2022–).

The Addams Family (1973 TV series)
The Addams Family is an American animated sitcom adaptation of the Charles Addams single-panel comic for The New Yorker. The show was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for Saturday mornings in 1973, and was later rebroadcast the following season. Jackie Coogan and Ted Cassidy, who played Uncle Fester and Lurch, respectively, in the 1960s television series, returned in voice-over roles. The cast also included 10-year-old Jodie Foster, who performed the voice of Pugsley Addams. The show's theme music was completely different and had no lyrics or finger snapping, but retained a recognizable part of the four-note score from the live-action series.
Diggnation
Diggnation is a tech-focused humor video podcast hosted by Kevin Rose and Alex Albrecht. Originally broadcast on Revision3, the first episode aired on July 1, 2005 and the last episode on December 30, 2011. This run of video podcasts was one of the most successful early video podcasts.

Following a reunion of Kevin and Alex on The Kevin Rose Show in July 2024, it was decided to reboot Diggnation, with the first new episode of "Diggnation (Rebooted)" being released in September 2024.

Kevin Rose
Robert Kevin Rose (born 1977) is an American Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Revision3, Digg, Pownce, and Milk. He also served as production assistant and co-host at TechTV's The Screen Savers. From 2012 to 2015, he was a venture partner at GV. In 2025, Rose re-purchased Digg with Alexis Ohanian and re-launched it as a competitor to Reddit.
Animation Magic
Animation Magic (Russian: «Магия анимации», romanized: Magiya Animatsii) was a Russian-American animation studio founded in Gaithersburg, Maryland in 1991, with offices later added in Cambridge, Massachusetts and a 100%-owned subsidiary in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The company developed animations for CD-based software. It was acquired in December 1994 by Capitol Multimedia. The assets and rights that Capitol owned would be sold to Davidson & Associates in April 1997.

By 1994, Animation Magic had 90 employees, including 12 software engineers and approximately 60 animators, computer graphic, background and sprite artists. Its video games include included Hotel Mario, Link: The Faces of Evil, Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon, Mutant Rampage: Bodyslam, Pyramid Adventures, I.M. Meen, King's Quest VII: The Princeless Bride, Darby the Dragon, and the cancelled Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans.

Davidson & Associates
Davidson & Associates, Inc. was an American developer of educational software based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1982 by husband-and-wife Bob and Jan Davidson, the latter of whom led the company as president until January 1997. Specializing in the production of edutainment software, the company was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 and served as the base for CUC's CUC Software division, being made responsible for the sales and distribution of the combined company.

Davidson owned several studios, including Funnybone Interactive, Learningways, Capitol Multimedia, and Blizzard Entertainment. Other subsidiaries included  First Byte, Maverick Software, Fas-Track and Educational Resources as well as Gryphon Software.

Davidson & Associates was known chiefly for their Blaster series of educational games, including Math Blaster as well as their licensed games based on the products of Fisher-Price.
Ólafur
Ólafur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈouːˌlaːvʏr̥]) is a common name in Iceland, derived from the Old Norse Óláfr [ˈoːˌlɑːvz̠], meaning "ancestor's relic".

According to Icelandic custom, people are generally referred to by first and middle names and patronyms are used if disambiguation is required.

The name is a frequently given name in Iceland. In 2005, it was the fifth most common male given name after Gunnar and before Einar. A diminutive form is Óli.

Olaf
Olaf or Olav (/ˈoʊləf/, /ˈoʊlɑːf/, or British /ˈoʊlæf/; Old Norse: Áleifr, Ólafr, Óleifr, Anleifr) is a Dutch, Polish, Scandinavian and German given name. It is presumably of Proto-Norse origin, reconstructed as *Anu-laibaz, from anu "ancestor, grand-father" and laibaz "heirloom, descendant".
Old English forms are attested as Ǣlāf, Anlāf. The corresponding Old Novgorod dialect form is Uleb. A later English form of the name is Olave.

In the Norwegian language, Olav and Olaf are equally common, but Olav is traditionally used when referring to Norwegian royalty. The Swedish form is Olov or Olof, and the Danish form is Oluf. It was borrowed into Old Irish and Scottish Gaelic with the spellings Amlaíb and Amhlaoibh, giving rise to modern version Aulay.
The name is Latinized as Olaus.
First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (Kharkiv)
First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets (Ukrainian: Перший Всеукраїнський з'їзд Рад, romanized: Pershyi Vseukrainskyi zizd Rad) was a congress of  Soviets (councils) of workers, peasants, and Red Guards deputies that took place in Kharkiv on December 24-25, 1917.

All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee
All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнський центральний виконавчий комітет, romanized: Vseukrainskyi tsentralnyi vykonavchyi komitet) was a representative body of the All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. It was the supreme legislative, administrative, executive controlling state power of Soviet Ukraine (Ukrainian SSR) between the sessions of the Congress of Soviets that acted between 1917 until 1938. In the very beginning this institution was established as the Central Executive Committee of Soviet of Ukraine at the First All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets in Kharkiv on January 6-7, 1918. At the same congress was elected the People's Secretariat of Ukraine.

On March 19, 1919, the committee issued a declaration, in which it passed most of its authority to the Sovnarkom of Ukraine at that time headed by Christian Rakovsky.
Wrestling Dontaku 1993
Wrestling Dontaku 1993 was the first Wrestling Dontaku professional wrestling television special event produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). The event took place on May 3, 1993, in Fukuoka, Fukuoka at the Fukuoka Dome. As part of working relationships between NJPW and American promotions World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF), WCW's Sting and WWF's Brutus Beefcake, Hulk Hogan and Jimmy Hart took part in the event. Professional wrestlers from Japanese promotion Wrestle and Romance (WAR) also appeared at the event.

The event featured ten professional wrestling matches. The main event was a tag team match featuring Japanese wrestling's top four wrestlers as Antonio Inoki and Tatsumi Fujinami teamed to take on Genichiro Tenryu and Riki Choshu. Inoki and Fujinami won the match. The event also featured a "dream match" between Hulk Hogan, the reigning WWF Champion, and The Great Muta, the reigning IWGP Heavyweight Champion.

Wrestling Dontaku
Wrestling Dontaku (レスリングどんたく, Resuringu Dontaku) is an annual professional wrestling event promoted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It takes place at the end of Japan's Golden Week, in the city of Fukuoka alongside the Hakata Dontaku festival in early May.
Erika Nickrenz
Erika Nickrenz (born 1963) is an American classical pianist best known as the pianist for the Eroica Trio.

Both her parents are professional musicians, her mother, Joanna Nickrenz, a Grammy Award-winning pianist and her father a violist. She began playing the piano at age 6 and studied with German Diez at the Claudio Arrau School in New York City.

She began playing with Adela Peña, the violinist in the Eroica Trio, when they were both 9. She made her concerto debut at 11 at New York's Town Hall. She met Sara Sant'Ambrogio, the third member of the trio, at 12 when she studied with Sara's grandmother, Isabelle Sant'Ambrogio. She received both her bachelor's and master's degrees from the Juilliard School of Music where she studied with Abbey Simon.

Abbey Simon
Abbey Henry Simon (January 8, 1920 – December 18, 2019) was an American concert pianist, teacher, and recording artist.  He was a protégé of Josef Hofmann at the Curtis Institute of Music and a winner of the Naumburg International Piano Competition in 1940.  He was called a "supervirtuoso" by The New York Times.
Nonsynonymous substitution
A nonsynonymous substitution is a nucleotide mutation that alters the amino acid sequence of a protein. Nonsynonymous substitutions differ from synonymous substitutions, which do not alter amino acid sequences and are (sometimes) silent mutations. As nonsynonymous substitutions result in a biological change in the organism, they are subject to natural selection.

Nonsynonymous substitutions at a certain locus can be compared to the synonymous substitutions at the same locus to obtain the Ka/Ks ratio. This ratio is used to measure the evolutionary rate of gene sequences. If a gene has lower levels of nonsynonymous than synonymous nucleotide substitution, then it can be inferred to be functional because a Ka/Ks ratio < 1 is a hallmark of sequences that are being constrained to code for proteins.

Nonsynonymous substitutions are also referred to as replacement mutations.

Ka/Ks ratio
In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio, also known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka), in a given period of time, to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), in the same period. The latter are assumed to be neutral, so that the ratio indicates the net balance between deleterious and beneficial mutations. Values of Ka/Ks significantly above 1 are unlikely to occur without at least some of the mutations being advantageous. If beneficial mutations are assumed to make little contribution, then Ka/Ks estimates the degree of evolutionary constraint.
Bingham Rural District
Bingham was a rural district in Nottinghamshire, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was created under the Local Government Act 1894 from the Bingham rural sanitary district.  It took in the parish of Gamston from Basford Rural District in 1935, and lost the parish of Edwalton to West Bridgford.

The district continued until 1974 when under the Local Government Act 1972 it was abolished, going to form part of the Rushcliffe district.

Bingham, Nottinghamshire
Bingham is a market town and civil parish in the Rushcliffe borough of Nottinghamshire, England, 11 miles (18 km) east of Nottingham, 14 miles (18.8 km) south-west of Newark-on-Trent and 16 miles (23.3 km) west of Grantham. The town had a population of 9,131 at the 2011 census (up from 8,655 in 2001), with the population now sitting at 10,080 from the results of the 2021 census data.

Bingham is twinned with Wallenfels in Bavaria, Germany. Music groups have visited to and from the twin towns, and a beer festival is held in Bingham every year.
Homotopy category
In mathematics, the homotopy category is a category built from the category of topological spaces which in a sense identifies two spaces that have the same shape. The phrase is in fact used for two different (but related) categories, as discussed below.

More generally, instead of starting with the category of topological spaces, one may start with any model category and define its associated homotopy category, with a construction introduced by Quillen in 1967.  In this way, homotopy theory can be applied to many other categories in geometry and algebra.

Homotopy
In topology, two continuous functions from one topological space to another are called homotopic (from Ancient Greek: ὁμός homós 'same, similar' and τόπος tópos 'place') if one can be "continuously deformed" into the other, such a deformation being called a homotopy (/həˈmɒtəpiː/ hə-MOT-ə-pee; /ˈhoʊmoʊˌtoʊpiː/ HOH-moh-toh-pee) between the two functions. A notable use of homotopy is the definition of homotopy groups and cohomotopy groups, important invariants in algebraic topology.

In practice, there are technical difficulties in using homotopies with certain spaces. Algebraic topologists work with compactly generated spaces, CW complexes, or spectra.
Shapwick, Dorset
Shapwick is a village and civil parish in east Dorset, England, situated on the River Stour five miles south-east of Blandford Forum and eight miles north of Poole. The village had a population of 175 in 2021.

Badbury Rings
Badbury Rings is an Iron Age hill fort and Scheduled Monument in east Dorset, England. It was in the territory of the Durotriges. In the Roman era a temple was located immediately west of the fort, and there was a Romano-British town known as Vindocladia a short distance to the south-west.
MercyOne
MercyOne (formerly Mercy Health Network) is an American non-profit system of Catholic hospitals, clinics, and health care facilities in the U.S. states of Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois and surrounding communities. It is owned and operated by Trinity Health, since 2022. Previously, it was run under a joint operating agreement between Trinity Health and Catholic Health Initiatives (now CommonSpirit Health).

Catholic Health Initiatives
Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI) was a national Catholic healthcare system, with headquarters in Englewood, Colorado. CHI was a nonprofit, faith-based health system formed, in 1996, through the consolidation of three Catholic health systems. It was one of the largest healthcare systems in the United States. In February 2019, CHI merged with Dignity Health, forming CommonSpirit Health.
Cornus obliqua
Cornus obliqua, the blue-fruited dogwood, silky dogwood, or pale dogwood, is a flowering shrub of eastern North America in the dogwood family, Cornaceae. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Cornus amomum, which is also known as silky dogwood. It was first described in 1820 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. It is in the subgenus Kraniopsis.

Cornus amomum
Cornus amomum, the silky dogwood, is a species of dogwood native to southern Ontario and the eastern United States, from Michigan and Vermont south to Alabama and Florida. Other names include red willow, silky cornel, kinnikinnick, and squawbush.