hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Salopella
Salopella is a form genus for small fossil plants of Late Silurian to Early Devonian age. The diagnostic characters are naked axes branching isotomously, terminating in fusiform sporangia. The sporangia are unbranched, but in at least the type species the axes seem to branch just under the sporangia. It differs from the similar form genus Tortilicaulis in that the sporangia do not have spirally arranged cells, and from other similar form genera such as Cooksonia, Uskiella and Tarrantia in the shape of the sporangia.

Species have been reported from Wales, Xinjiang, Brazil and Australia. Most species are based on very small fragments of the tips of plants, the exceptions being the two Australian species which preserve rather more of the plant. The relationships of the genus are not clear because many anatomical details remain unknown. A useful summary table of what data is known was given by Edwards et al. It has been considered to be a member of the rhyniophytes.

Cooksonia
Cooksonia is an extinct group of primitive land plants, treated as a genus, although probably not monophyletic. The earliest Cooksonia date from the middle of the Silurian (the Wenlock epoch); the group continued to be an important component of the flora until the end of the Early Devonian, a total time span of 433 to 393 million years ago. While Cooksonia fossils are distributed globally, most type specimens come from Britain, where they were first discovered in 1937. Cooksonia includes the oldest known plant to have a stem with vascular tissue and is thus a transitional form between the primitive non-vascular bryophytes and the vascular plants.
The Old Scoundrel
The Old Scoundrel (Hungarian: A vén gazember) is a 1932 German-Hungarian drama film directed by Heinz Hille and starring Rosy Barsony, Tibor Halmay and Károly Sugar. It was made as a co-production between the Hunnia Film Studio and German's leading film company UFA. A German-language version And the Plains Are Gleaming was also made by the same director, and featuring several of the same cast members. The film's sets were designed by the art director Márton Vincze.

Tibor Halmay
Tibor Halmay (20 December 1894 – 2 November 1944) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. He was born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and appeared in a mixture of German and Hungarian films during his career. He is sometimes credited as Tibor von Halmay.
Christine of France
Christine of France (Christine Marie; 10 February 1606 – 27 December 1663) was Duchess of Savoy from 26 July 1630 to 7 October 1637 as the consort of Duke Victor Amadeus I. She was the daughter of Henry IV of France and sister of Louis XIII. Following her husband's death in 1637, she acted as regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1648.

Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (Henrietta Adelaide Maria; 6 November 1636 – 13 June 1676), was Electress of Bavaria by marriage to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria. She wielded considerable political influence in her adopted country and with her husband did much to improve the welfare of the Electorate of Bavaria.
Kura (al-Andalus)
The Kūra was one of the territorial demarcations into which al-Andalus, the ancient Islamic Iberian Peninsula, was divided during the Emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba. It coexisted with another territorial demarcation called March ("thagr"), which overlapped the Kūra in the areas bordering the Christian kingdoms. Both underpinned the al-Andalus territorial organization during the aforementioned periods.

According to the RAE dictionary, the word Kūra (Arabic: كورة,  cora) comes from the Greek χῶρα, with the meaning of territory.

Upper March
The Upper March (Arabic: الثغر الأعلى, romanized: aṯ-Ṯaḡr al-Aʿlā'; Spanish Marca Superior) was an administrative and military division in northeastern al-Andalus, roughly corresponding to the Ebro valley and adjacent Mediterranean coast, from the 8th century to the early 11th century. It was established as a march "frontier province" of the Umayyad state of Córdoba facing the Christian lands of the Carolingian Empire's Spanish March, the Asturo-Leonese marches of Castile and Álava, and the nascent autonomous Pyrenean principalities. In 1018, the decline of the central Cordoban state allowed the lords of the Upper March to establish the Taifa of Zaragoza in its place.
Caroline van der Plas
Caroline Ann Maria van der Plas (pronounced [ˈkɛrəlɑiɱ vɑn dər ˈplɑs]; born 6 June 1967) is a Dutch journalist and politician who has served as a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. A former member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), which she left in 2019, she is the founder of the Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB).

Farmer–Citizen Movement
The Farmer–Citizen Movement (Dutch: BoerBurgerBeweging [buːrˈbʏrɣərbəˌʋeːɣɪŋ]; BBB) is an agrarian and right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. It is headquartered in Deventer, Overijssel. The current party leader is Henk Vermeer.
Ümit Ünal
Ümit Ünal (born 14 April 1965 in Tire, İzmir) is a Turkish film director, screenwriter and author. He is the scriptwriter for eight Turkish feature films including Teyzem (My Aunt) (1986), Hayallerim, Askim ve Sen (My Dreams, My Love and You) (1987). His first feature film as a director is 9 which won many awards in various film festivals and was the Official Turkish Entry for the 2003 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He wrote and directed ten feature films including Istanbul Tales (Anlat İstanbul), Ara, Gölgesizler (Shadowless), Ses (The Voice), Nar (The Pomegranate), Serial Cook (Sofra Sırları), Love, Spells and All That (Aşk, Büyü vs) and Playroom (Evcilik).

He has published five books.

As an artist/illustrator his credits include two personal exhibitions and four illustrated books.

He currently works as a freelance director/writer, living in Glasgow since 2020.

9 (2002 film)
9 is a 2002 Turkish crime film directed by Ümit Ünal. The film was Turkey's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 76th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.
Western Run–Belfast Road Historic District
Western Run–Belfast Road Historic District is a national historic district in Cockeysville, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a largely agricultural area and was first settled in the 18th century as a natural extension of the Worthington Valley Historic District.  It includes the village of Butler forming a small commercial crossroads with its general store, post office, and community firehouse.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Worthington Valley Historic District
Worthington Valley Historic District is a national historic district in Reisterstown, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. It is a largely rural district where the earliest standing structures date from the very end of the 18th century. Horse breeding and racing is a very large and lucrative business in the valley. Since 1922, Snow Hill and Worthington Farms have been the scene of the Maryland Hunt Cup Steeplechase.  Located next to it is the Western Run–Belfast Road Historic District.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Simon Bird
Simon Antony Bird (born 19 August 1984) is an English comedian, actor, director and producer. He is best known for playing Will McKenzie in the multi-award-winning E4 comedy series The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), as well as its two films (2011 and 2014), and Adam Goodman in the Channel 4 comedy series Friday Night Dinner (2011–2020). He is set to appear in Shawn Levy's Star Wars: Starfighter (2027).

Friday Night Dinner
Friday Night Dinner is a British farcical sitcom created by Robert Popper that aired on Channel 4 from 25 February 2011 to 1 May 2020. Starring Tamsin Greig, Paul Ritter, Simon Bird, Tom Rosenthal, and Mark Heap, it follows the regular Friday night dinner experience of the Jewish middle-class Goodman family in Mill Hill, a north London suburb. Following the conclusion of the sixth series and Ritter's death in 2021, it was announced that the show would not return..

The show received positive reviews and became a widespread British classic. The show received two BAFTA nominations in 2012. The first series was nominated for Best Situation Comedy, while Greig was nominated for Best Female Comedy Performance. In 2021, for his performance in the final series of the show, Ritter received a posthumous BAFTA nomination for Best Male Comedy Performance.
Bob Livingstone
Robert Edward Livingstone (May 11, 1922 – August 1, 2013) was an American football halfback who played two seasons in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) with the Chicago Rockets/Hornets and Buffalo Bills. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) in the 22nd round of the 1945 NFL draft. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and attended Hammond High School in Hammond, Indiana.

Hammond High School (Indiana)
Hammond High School was a public secondary school located in the Northwestern Indiana city of Hammond. Part of the School City of Hammond district, it opened in 1884 and graduated its final class in the spring of 2021.
Perkins Island Light
Perkins Island Light is a lighthouse on the Kennebec River in Maine. It was established in 1898, as part of a major upgrade of the river's lights — the Doubling Point Light and the separate Range Lights on the point, Perkins Island Light, and Squirrel Point Light were all built at the same time.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Perkins Island Light Station in 1988.

Squirrel Point Light
Squirrel Point Light is a lighthouse marking the southwestern point of Arrowsic Island on the Kennebec River.  It was established in 1898, as part of a major upgrade of the river's lights — the Doubling Point Light and the separate Range Lights on the point, Perkins Island Light, and Squirrel Point Light were all built at the same time.  The light station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Squirrel Point Light Station on January 21, 1988.
Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary
Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary is a 1,971 acres (798 ha) wildlife sanctuary located in Sharon, Massachusetts. The property is the oldest property of the Massachusetts Audubon Society, established in 1916. It is adjacent to Moose Hill Farm, which is owned by the Trustees of Reservations.

The nature center on Moose Hill Parkway was acquired in 1990. The center displays rotating exhibits throughout the year. The sanctuary consists of habitats including forest, freshwater marsh, meadow, eskers and kettle holes. Over 160 species of birds have been observed on the property.

Massachusetts Audubon Society
The Massachusetts Audubon Society, commonly known as Mass Audubon, founded in 1896 by Harriet Hemenway and Minna B. Hall and headquartered in Lincoln, Massachusetts, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to "protecting the nature of Massachusetts". Mass Audubon is independent of the National Audubon Society (NAS), and was founded earlier than the NAS. Mass Audubon protects more than 40,000 acres of land throughout Massachusetts, saving birds and other wildlife, and making nature accessible to all with its wildlife sanctuaries and 20 nature centers.
City of Maryborough (Victoria)
The City of Maryborough was a local government area about 170 kilometres (106 mi) northwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia, and the governing body for the regional centre of Maryborough. The city covered an area of 23.32 square kilometres (9.0 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1995.

The City of Maryborough was surrounded by the Shire of Tullaroop, which was united with Maryborough under the Shire of Central Goldfields, as part of a large-scale statewide amalgamation program by the Victorian Government in 1994–95.

Shire of Central Goldfields
Shire of Central Goldfields is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the central part of the state. It covers an area of 1,533 square kilometres (592 mi2) and, in August 2021 had a population of 13,483. It includes the towns of Bealiba, Carisbrook, Dunolly, Maryborough and Talbot.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Central Goldfields Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Maryborough. It also has a service centre located in Talbot. The Shire is named after the region having historically been a major goldfields region in central Victoria.
Patrick Wang
Patrick Wang is an American writer, director, and actor. His first feature film was the indie film In the Family which was released in 2011. He later directed the two-part indie film A Bread Factory in 2018.

A Bread Factory
A Bread Factory is a 2018 American two-part indie comedy drama film written and directed by Patrick Wang. It features an ensemble cast and depicts a fictional community arts center in a small upstate New York town that struggles under economic and social pressures. It received critical acclaim. The second part was  Brian Murray‘s final role prior to his death.
Alex MacDonald (footballer, born 1948)
Alexander MacDonald (born 17 March 1948 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. MacDonald played for St Johnstone, Rangers and Hearts. He also played in one full international match for Scotland, in 1976. Towards the end of his playing career, MacDonald became player/manager of Hearts. He led the team as they won promotion in 1983, then narrowly missed out on winning the Scottish league championship in 1986. MacDonald then managed Airdrieonians for most of the 1990s, leading the team to Scottish Cup finals in 1992 and 1995.

Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)
Airdrieonians Football Club, more commonly known as Airdrie, was a Scottish professional football team from the town of Airdrie, in the Monklands area of Lanarkshire.

The club became defunct at the end of the Scottish Football League 2001–02 season, despite the team finishing as runners-up in the SFL First Division to Partick Thistle and therefore only narrowly missing out on promotion to the Scottish Premier League.

During their 124-year existence the "Diamonds", as they were nicknamed, won the old Scottish Division Two three times, the Spring Cup once and the Scottish Challenge Cup on three occasions. The club also competed in four separate Scottish Cup finals; winning the competition in 1924.

Airdrieonians were the first club in the Scottish League to fold since 1967, when Third Lanark went bankrupt.
ACE mixture
ACE mixture is an historical anaesthetic agent for general anaesthesia. It was first suggested by George Harley and first used in England around 1860. In 1864 it was recommended for use by the Royal Medical and Surgical Society's Chloroform Committee. It was rarely used after the 19th century, except in Germany, where it was used for slightly longer.

It was a mixture of alcohol, chloroform and ether which gives the mixture its name. Its effects were said to be between that of chloroform and ether and it was used when ether alone was contraindicated.  Its boiling point was given as 48 °C (118 °F). Its actual safety margin over its components alone was marginal.

Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether (abbreviated as eth. or Et2O) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3CH2)2O, belonging to the ether class. It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling (termed "ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic.
Land van Arkel
The Land van Arkel was a fief of the  Counts of Holland, and was managed by the Lords of Arkel until 1412. The territory was bordered by the river Merwede on the south, and the river Linge on the east. The northern border might have reached as far as Everdingen,  and the western border to the river Lek. Present-day towns in the territory include Leerdam, Arkel, Heukelum, Asperen, Hagestein, Haastrecht and Gorinchem.

Arkel
Arkel is a town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. A part of the municipality of Molenlanden, it lies about 3 km north of Gorinchem. Arkel is a former municipality; in 1986 it became part of Giessenlanden.

In 2017, the village of Arkel had 3.445 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.42 km² and contained 1.125 residences.
The statistical area "Arkel", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3220. Though there are little places of cultural interest in Arkel, there is a 19th-century domed church and a 19th-century windmill.
Samuel Goldwyn Television
Samuel Goldwyn Television was the American television production/distribution division of The Samuel Goldwyn Company. Formed in 1979 by Samuel Goldwyn Jr., the company's best-known series was the competition series American Gladiators, which was produced and distributed by the company from 1989 to 1996. In 1987, Samuel Goldwyn Television bought Victor Alexander's film Kill Zone, which was turned into the 18-picture package The Explosives. The library of Samuel Goldwyn Television also included some episodes of the series Flipper, Gentle Ben, The Mothers-in-Law and The New Adventures of Flipper.

On 22 December 1996, hours after PolyGram had made an acquisition offer that was accepted, Metromedia made a counter-offer for Goldwyn's film and television library, and won the bid. Samuel Goldwyn Television was merged into Orion Pictures. In 1997, it was sold to MGM Television and folded later in the year.

The Samuel Goldwyn Company
The Samuel Goldwyn Company, later known as Samuel Goldwyn Entertainment, Goldwyn Entertainment Company, Goldwyn Films, G2 Films and United Artists International, was an American independent film company founded by Samuel Goldwyn Jr., the son of the famous Hollywood mogul, Samuel Goldwyn, on June 16, 1978. It was folded into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in July 2000.
Zboriv
Zboriv (Ukrainian: Зборів, IPA: [ˈzbɔr⁽ʲ⁾iu̯] ⓘ; Polish: Zborów; Yiddish: זבאָרעוו, romanized: Zbarev; Russian: Зборов, romanized: Zborov) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the historical region of Galicia. The local government is administered by Zboriv City Council. Zboriv hosts the administration of Zboriv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 6,621 (2022 estimate).

The town (located 35 km (22 mi) northwest of Ternopil, and 85 km (53 mi) southeast of Lviv) lies on the Strypa River (Ukrainian: Cтpипа).

Battle of Zborov (1917)
The Battle of Zborov (Зборівська битва, Zborivska bytva in Ukrainian, Зборовское сражение in Russian, Schlacht bei Zborów in German, bitva u Zborova in Czech, bitka pri Zborove  in Slovak) was a part of the Kerensky Offensive (the last Russian offensive in World War I, taking place in July 1917). The battle was the first significant action of the Czechoslovak Legions (volunteers fighting against the Central Powers) on the Eastern Front.
Second World
The Second World was one of the "Three Worlds" during the Cold War, which described those countries aligned with the Soviet Union and allies in the Warsaw Pact and Eastern Bloc. This grouping was directly opposed to the First World, which grouped countries aligned with the United States and its allies in NATO and the Western Bloc.

The term is also sometimes used to describe either 20th century socialist states or middle-income countries broadly, rather than based on Soviet alignment.

Three-world model
The terms First World, Second World, and Third World were originally used to divide the world's nations into three categories. The complete overthrow of the pre–World War II status quo left two superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) vying for ultimate global supremacy, a struggle known as the Cold War. They created two camps, known as blocs. These blocs formed the basis of the concepts of the First and Second Worlds. The Third World consisted of those countries that were not closely aligned with either bloc.
Marcel Desjardins (journalist)
Marcel Desjardins (28 April 1941 – 10 February 2003) was a Canadian journalist, news editor and director. He was a political correspondent for Le Droit and La Presse, before becoming an editor at Radio-Canada. He later returned to La Presse as the news director, then as the vice-president and assistant editor. He also covered ice hockey and was recognized with the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association.

La Presse
La Presse is a French-language online newspaper published daily in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1884, it is now owned by an independent nonprofit trust.

La Presse was formerly a broadsheet daily, considered a newspaper of record in Canada. Its Sunday edition was discontinued in 2009, and the weekday edition in 2016. The weekend Saturday printed edition was discontinued on 31 December 2017, turning La Presse into an entirely online newspaper.
Laurentian Divide
The Laurentian Divide also called the Northern Divide and locally the height of land, is  a continental divide in central North America that separates the Hudson Bay watershed to the north from the Gulf of Mexico watershed to the south and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence watershed to the southeast.

Water north of the divide flows to Hudson Bay; water south of the divide and also south of the St. Lawrence Divide flows to the Gulf of Mexico, otherwise to the Labrador Sea or via the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

St. Lawrence River Divide
The Saint Lawrence River Divide is a continental divide in central and eastern North America that separates the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin from the southerly Atlantic Ocean watersheds. Water, including rainfall and snowfall, lakes, rivers and streams, north and west of the divide, drains into the Gulf of St. Lawrence or the Labrador Sea; water south and east of the divide drains into the Atlantic Ocean (east of the Eastern Continental Divide, ECD) or Gulf of Mexico (west of the ECD).  The divide is one of six continental divides in North America that demarcate several watersheds that flow to different gulfs, seas or oceans.
Francis Light
Francis Light (c. 1740 – 21 October 1794) was a British sailor and explorer best known for founding the colony of Penang and its capital city of George Town in 1786. Light was the father of William Light, who founded the city of Adelaide in South Australia in 1836.

William Light
William Light (27 April 1786 – 6 October 1839) was a British military officer and colonial administrator. He was the first Surveyor-General of the new British Province of South Australia, known for choosing the site of the colony's capital, Adelaide, and for designing the layout of its streets, six city squares, gardens and the figure-eight Adelaide Park Lands, in a plan later sometimes referred to as Light's Vision.
Love in Singapore (1980 Malayalam film)
Love in Singapore is a 1980 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Baby. The film stars Prem Nazir, Jayan, Jose Prakash and Latha. The film has musical score by Shankar–Ganesh. This movie upon release gained positive reviews and became a commercial success. It was simultaneously shot in Telugu with the same name starring Ranganath and Chiranjeevi.

Love in Singapore (1980 Telugu film)
Love in Singapore is a 1980 Indian Telugu-language action drama film directed by OSR Anjaneyulu and starring Ranganath, Latha, Chiranjeevi, and Jose Prakash (in his Telugu debut). The film was simultaneously shot in Malayalam with the same name with a different director starring Prem Nazir and Jayan. Some footage from the Malayalam version was reused in Telugu.