hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lewis Durlacher
Lewis Durlacher (1792– 3 March 1864) was a chiropodist who was appointed as surgeon-chiropodist to the royal household in 1823 and served under George IV, William IV and Queen Victoria.

Durlacher was born in Warwickshire (some sources say Birmingham). His parents, who were Jewish, were Solomon Abraham Durlacher (1757–1845), a chiropodist and dentist who came from Durlach near Karlsruhe, Germany, and his wife Elizabeth ("Betsy") Harris who was from Warwickshire, perhaps Birmingham.

He and his wife Susannah (née Levi; c.1798–1874) are both buried at Balls Pond Road Cemetery in London.

They had five sons (Alfred, Alexander, Montague, Henry and George) and a daughter (Elizabeth). Their son Montague succeeded his father in the role of surgeon-chiropodist to the royal household. Henry and George became art dealers in London, founding Durlacher Brothers in 1843; two of Henry's sons opened a New York branch in the 1920s.

Balls Pond Road Cemetery
Balls Pond Road Cemetery, also known as Jewish (West London Reform) Cemetery, Kingsbury Road Cemetery, Balls Pond Burial Ground and The Jewish Burial Ground, is a Jewish cemetery on Kingsbury Road, Canonbury,  London N1. It was founded in 1843 and is owned by West London Synagogue. Prominent early members of that place of worship, such as the de Stern, Goldsmid and Mocatta families, are buried in this cemetery. Other notable burials include the ashes of Amy Levy, the first Jewish woman at Cambridge University and the first Jewish woman to be cremated in England. The last burial at the cemetery was in 1951. The cemetery has been Grade II listed since 2020.
Kingaroy
Kingaroy (/kɪŋəˈrɔɪ/) is a rural town and locality in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. The town is situated on the junction of the D'Aguilar and the Bunya Highways, 218 kilometres (135 mi) north-west of the state capital Brisbane and 141 kilometres (88 mi) south west of Gympie.  In the 2021 census, the locality of Kingaroy had a population of 10,266 people.

Kingaroy is the seat of the South Burrnett Region. It is known as the "Peanut Capital of Australia" because Australia's largest peanut processing plant is located in the town and its peanut silo dominates the skyline. Kingaroy is also known as the hometown of former Premier of Queensland, Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen.

Navy bean
The navy bean, haricot bean, Jigna bean, pearl haricot bean, Boston bean, white pea bean, or pea bean is a variety of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) native to the Americas, where it was first domesticated. It is a dry white bean that is smaller than many other types of white beans, and has an oval, slightly flattened shape. It features in such dishes as baked beans, various soups such as Senate bean soup, and bean pies.

The plants that produce navy beans may be either of the bush type or vining type, depending on the cultivar.
Ernie Lively
Ernie Lively (born Ernest Wilson Brown Jr.; January 29, 1947 – June 3, 2021) was an American actor and acting coach, the adoptive father of actors Lori Lively, Jason Lively, and Robyn Lively, and father of actors Eric Lively and Blake Lively. He took his wife's name from her prior marriage to Ronald Lively, changing his surname from Brown to Lively.

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2
The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 is a 2008 American comedy-drama film directed by Sanaa Hamri and written by Elizabeth Chambers. A sequel to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, it is based upon the fourth novel in the book series: Forever in Blue (2007), but incorporates scenes and storylines from The Second Summer of the Sisterhood (2003) and Girls in Pants (2004). The film stars Amber Tamblyn, America Ferrera, Blake Lively, and Alexis Bledel as four childhood friends who navigate early adulthood during the summer after their freshman year in college.

The film was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on August 6, 2008, and grossed $44.3 million worldwide against a $27 million budget. The film received mixed reviews from critics. Since 2018, a third film has been in development.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21; NATO reporting name: Fishbed) is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Its nicknames include: "Balalaika", because its planform resembles the stringed musical instrument of the same name; "Ołówek", Polish for "pencil", due to the shape of its fuselage, and "Én Bạc", meaning "silver swallow", in Vietnamese.

Approximately 60 countries across four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations seven decades after its maiden flight. It set aviation records, becoming the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and, previously, the longest production run of any combat aircraft.

R-60 (missile)
The Molniya (now Vympel) R-60 (NATO reporting name: AA-8 "Aphid") is a short-range lightweight infrared homing air-to-air missile designed for use by Soviet fighter aircraft. It has been widely exported, and remains in service with the Commonwealth of Independent States and many other nations.
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists
The American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) is a professional organization that provides certification of animal scientists through examination. It also develops and promotes a code of ethics, offers continuing education, and disseminates scientific information through publication of the peer-reviewed journal Applied Animal Science

ARPAS members are generally animal scientists educated at land-grant universities throughout the United States.  Professional animal scientists serve as consultants, researchers, educators, extension agents and regulators in jobs relating to the animal industry.

ARPAS is affiliated with five professional societies: the American Dairy Science Association (ADSA), the American Meat Science Association (AMA), the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), the Equine Science Society (ESS) and the Poultry Science Association (PSA).

Founded in 1973, ARPAS is headquartered in Champaign, Illinois, with Fass who provide services for ARPAS.

Animal science
Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind". It can also be described as the production and management of farm animals. Historically, the degree was called animal husbandry and the animals studied were livestock species, like ruminant animals such as; cattle, sheep and goat, non-ruminant such as; pigs, poultry, rabbit, snails and horses are studied. Today, courses available look at a broader area, including companion animals, like dogs and cats, and many exotic species. Degrees in Animal Science are offered at a number of colleges and universities. Animal science degrees are often offered at land-grant universities, which will often have on-campus farms to give students hands-on experience with livestock animals.
York Regional Police
The York Regional Police (YRP; French: Police régionale de York) is the police service of the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. YRP was formed in 1971 from the police forces maintained by the nine municipalities which amalgamated into York Region at the time. The force employs over 1,500 sworn members and 618 unsworn members as of 2015.

While YRP provides marine policing in the waters on Lake Simcoe, policing for Georgina Island (as well as Fox and Snake islands) is provided by the Georgina Island Police with assistance from the Ontario Provincial Police. The islands have had a separate First Nations police service since 1978.

King, Ontario
King (2021 population 27,333) is a township in York Region north of Toronto, within the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario, Canada.

The rolling hills of the Oak Ridges Moraine are the most prominent visible geographical feature of King. The Holland Marsh, considered to be Ontario's "vegetable basket", straddles King Township and Bradford West Gwillimbury. King is known for its horse and cattle farms.

Though King is predominantly rural, most of its residents inhabit the communities of King City, Nobleton, and Schomberg.
Clairemont, Texas
Clairemont is a ghost town in and the former county seat of Kent County, Texas, United States. It is at the intersection of U.S. Route 380 and Texas State Highway 208, 14 mi (23 km) southwest of Jayton and 43 mi (69 km) east of Post. Clairemont lies near the center of Kent County, and its estimated population as of the 2000 census was 15.

Kent County, Texas
Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 753, making it the sixth-least populous county in Texas. Its county seat is Jayton. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1892. It is named for Andrew Kent, who died at the Battle of the Alamo. Kent County is a prohibition or entirely dry county, one of three remaining in the state.
Rowsby Woof
Edward Rowsby Woof (18 January 1883 – 31 December 1943) was an English violinist and music educator. He became professor of violin at the Royal Academy of Music (FRAM) in London, and wrote instructional works on violin technique and violin studies, as well as some pieces for violin. Among his pupils were Sidney Griller, Frederick Grinke, Arthur Kennedy, Felix Kok, Nona Liddell, Peter Mountain, Jean Pougnet, Priaulx Rainier, Rosemary Rapaport, Colin Sauer, David Carl Taylor of the Stratton Quartet and William Waterhouse. He also tutored the actress Meggie Albanesi.

Frederick Grinke
Frederick Grinke CBE (8 August 1911 – 16 March 1987) was a Canadian-born violinist who had an international career as soloist, chamber musician, and teacher. He was known especially for his performances of 20th-century English music.
Eastern Kraków dialect
The dialect belongs to the Lesser Poland dialect group and is located in the southern part of Poland. It borders the Kielce dialect to the north, the Lasovia dialect to the east, the Biecz dialect to the southeast, the Podegrodzie dialect to the south, and the Kraków dialect to the west.

Lesser Poland dialect group
The Lesser Polish dialect group (Polish: dialekt małopolski) is a  of dialect group of the Polish language used in Lesser Poland. The exact area is difficult to delineate due to the expansion of its features and the existence of transitional subdialects.

The common traits of the Lesser Polish dialect include:

mazurzenie

regressive voicing of obstruents, including across word boundaries; e.g.: kot leci [kɔd ˈlɛt͡ɕi] (standard Polish: [kɔt ˈlɛt͡ɕi])

differentiated nasalisation (or lack thereof) of /ɔ̃/ and /ɛ̃/ in different parts of the area

merger of stop+fricative consonant clusters into affricates; e.g.: trzysta [ˈt͡ʂɨsta] (standard Polish: [ˈtʂɨsta] or [ˈt͡ʂʂɨsta])

frequent usage of initial syllable stress, also oxytonic stress in vocative case (as opposed to paroxytonic stress common in other varieties of Polish)

frequent usage of grammatical particle "że" in imperative mood ("weźże" vs. "weź" – take)
URI normalization
URI normalization is the process by which URIs are modified and standardized in a consistent manner. The goal of the normalization process is to transform a URI into a normalized URI so it is possible to determine if two syntactically different URIs may be equivalent.

Search engines employ URI normalization in order to correctly rank pages that may be found with multiple URIs, and to reduce indexing of duplicate pages. Web crawlers perform URI normalization in order to avoid crawling the same resource more than once. Web browsers may perform normalization to determine if a link has been visited or to determine if a page has been cached. Web servers may also perform normalization for many reasons (i.e. to be able to more easily intercept security risks coming from client requests, to use only one absolute file name for each resource stored in their caches, named in log files, etc.).

URI fragment
In computer hypertext, a URI fragment is a string of characters that refers to a resource that is subordinate to another, primary resource. The primary resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), and the fragment identifier points to the subordinate resource.

The fragment identifier introduced by a hash mark # is the optional last part of a URL for a document. It is typically used to identify a portion of that document. The generic syntax is specified in RFC 3986. The hash mark separator in URIs is not part of the fragment identifier.
Stokeclimsland (electoral division)
Stokeclimsland (Cornish: Tredirklym) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Altarnun and Stoke Climsland.

Altarnun and Stoke Climsland (electoral division)
Altarnun and Stoke Climsland is an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returns one member to sit on Cornwall Council. It was created at the 2021 local elections, being formed from the former divisions of Altarnun and Stokeclimsland. The current councillor is Adrian Parsons, a Liberal Democrat.
Mamluk raid on Cyprus (1368)
The Mamluk Sultanate launched a naval raid on the Kingdom of Cyprus in March 1368. The raid was a delayed response to the Alexandrian Crusade of October 1365, which had been spearheaded by King Peter I of Cyprus.

The main sources for the expedition are Leontios Makhairas, al-Maqrizi and al-Nuwayri.

Alexandrian Crusade
The brief Alexandrian Crusade, also called the sack of Alexandria, occurred in October 1365 and was led by Peter I of Cyprus against Alexandria in Egypt. The Crusade was sanctioned by Pope Urban V at the request of Peter I. Although often referred to as and counted among the Crusades, it was relatively devoid of religious impetus and differs from the more prominent Crusades in that it seems to have been motivated largely by economic interests.
Cable Dahmer Arena
Cable Dahmer Arena (formerly, Silverstein Eye Centers Arena and Independence Events Center) is a 5,800-seat multi-purpose indoor arena in Independence, Missouri, United States. It was opened in November 2009. It serves as the home arena and administrative offices for Kansas City Mavericks in the ECHL, as well as hosts the home games of the Kansas City Comets of the Major Arena Soccer League. The arena hosts more than 100 events every year, with a very large spectrum of its events including:  trade shows, professional sporting events, festivals, community events, concerts and its primary tenant, Kansas City Mavericks.

The arena which is owned by the city of Independence is just southeast of the Interstate 70/Interstate 470 interchange. The privately owned Independence Center shopping center is just north of it across Interstate 70.

Kansas City Mavericks
The Kansas City Mavericks are an ice hockey team in the ECHL. Founded in 2009 as the Missouri Mavericks of the CHL, the team plays in Independence, Missouri, a suburb of Kansas City, Missouri, at the Cable Dahmer Arena.
Line regiment
The line regiments formed the majority of the regiments in European standing armies in the early 20th century. These were all the regiments that did not have a specialist role - such as guards regiments. They are also often referred to as regiments of the line or, depending on the branch, as "infantry of the line", "line cavalry", etc.

For example, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the line regiments did not include the guards regiments, the Landwehr, Landsturm or irregular light troops. When light infantry, that hitherto had been organised in small units like the free battalions (Freibataillone), became part of the line troops, and the Landwehr, national guards and the like became part of the warfighting army, the term "line regiment" was used to distinguish the standing, active, regular units from the rest.

There were line regiments in the infantry (line infantry), cavalry, and artillery. They usually made up the main body of an army's strength.

Free infantry
Free infantry (German: Frei-Infanterie) units were autonomous military units established in the second half of the 18th century, which operated as light troops independently of armies using rigid linear tactics. They are not to be confused with the Freikorps. Depending on their size they could be free battalions (Freibataillone) or free companies (Freikompanien).
McFarland Heights
McFarland Heights, a neighborhood in Florence in Lauderdale County, Alabama, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017 as a historic district.

According to the Alabama Historical Commission: "McFarland Heights Historic District in Florence, Lauderdale County, is located on a bluff overlooking the Tennessee River.  The neighborhood developed as Florence's first exclusive suburban development. Built over a period of about 45 years, (1920-1966) McFarland Heights has a wealth of high style buildings, most of which maintain their historic integrity.  The houses reflect the transition from pre- to post-World War II suburban American architecture, with one notable dwelling designed by Frank Lloyd Wright."

The Rosenbaum House is the Wright work.

Rosenbaum House
The Rosenbaum House is a single-family house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and built for Stanley and Mildred Rosenbaum in Florence, Alabama, United States. A noted example of his Usonian house concept, it is the only Wright building in Alabama, and is one of only 26 pre-World War II Usonian houses.  Wright scholar John Sergeant called it "the purest example of the Usonian." It is currently a house museum.
Eng (letter)
Eng, agma, or engma (capital: Ŋ, lowercase: ŋ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, used to represent a voiced velar nasal (as in English singing) in the written form of some languages and in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

In Washo, lower-case ⟨ŋ⟩ represents a typical [ŋ] sound, while upper-case ⟨Ŋ⟩ represents a voiceless [ŋ̊] sound. This convention comes from Americanist phonetic notation.

Shona language
Shona (/ˈʃoʊnə/ SHOH-nə; endonym: chiShona [tʃiʃona]) is a Bantu language spoken by the Shona people of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The term is variously used to collectively describe all the Central Shonic varieties (comprising Zezuru, Manyika, Korekore and Karanga or Ndau) or specifically Standard Shona, a variety codified in the mid-20th century. By the broader definition, the language is spoken by over 14 million people.

The larger group of historically related languages—called Shona or Shonic languages by linguists—also includes Ndau (Eastern Shona) and Kalanga (Western Shona). In Guthrie's classification of Bantu languages, zone S.10 designates the Shonic group.
Cranleigh railway station
Cranleigh was a railway station on the Cranleigh Line between Guildford and Horsham. It served the village of Cranleigh, Surrey in South East England and opened on 2 October 1865. It was listed for closure in the first Beeching Report, published in 1963, and public services were withdrawn on 14 June 1965. The station and the goods yard were demolished, and are now the site of the Stocklund Square shopping centre.

Cranleigh
Cranleigh is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Waverley, Surrey, England. It lies 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Guildford on a minor road east of the A281, which links Guildford with Horsham. It is in the north-west corner of the Weald, a large remnant forest, the main local remnant being Winterfold Forest directly north-west on the northern Greensand Ridge. In 2011 it had a population of just over 11,000.
Príncipe
Príncipe (/ˈprɪnsɪpə, -peɪ/; Portuguese: [ˈpɾĩsɨpɨ]) is the smaller, northern major island of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe lying off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea. It has an area of 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi) (including offshore islets) and a population of 7,324 at the 2012 Census; the latest official estimate (at May 2018) was 8,420. The island is a heavily eroded volcano speculated to be over three million years old, surrounded by smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Part of the Cameroon Line archipelago, Príncipe rises in the south to 947 metres at Pico do Príncipe. The island is the main constituent of the Autonomous Region of Príncipe, established in 1995, and of the coterminous district of Pagué.

Tinhosa Pequena
Tinhosa Pequena is an uninhabited islet in São Tomé and Príncipe, located 20 km (12 mi) southwest of the island of Príncipe and 127 km (79 mi) northeast of the island of São Tomé. Together with the larger islet Tinhosa Grande, 4 kilometers to its south, it forms the Pedras Tinhosas group. It is 64 metres high, and its area is 3 hectares (7.4 acres).

Since 2012, it forms a part of the UNESCO's Island of Príncipe Biosphere Reserve (also known as Príncipe Biosphere Reserve as it encompass its surrounding islands).
Zamania
Zamania is a town in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its municipal council is subordinate to the Ghazipur District. It is also the administrative head of Zamania tehsil,. It is also a very historical town, it derives its name from Ali Quli Khan Zaman, who was also known as Khan Zaman or Zaman Khan, he was a governor of Jaunpur, and Ghazipur during the time of Akbar.

Dildarnagar Kamsar
Dildarnagar Kamsar  (also known as Ahl-e-Kamsar or Kamsar-O-Bar) is a pargana (region) and a mashra comprising 34 settlements located around the Karamnasa River in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh and the Kaimur district of Bihar, India. Of these, 18 mouzas are the primary settlements. It is a prominent settlement of Khanzadas, also known as Kamsari Pathans, as well as Afghan Pathans, primarily of the Niazi and Yusufzai clans. The original name of the region was Kamsar, but due to close and historical ties with the family of Bara Pathans, the region is often referred to as Kamsar-O-Bar. Historically, this region was predominantly  under the control of Bhumihar zamindars. Over time, a section of them embraced Islam and later came to be known as the Kamsari Pathans.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Missoula County, Montana
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Missoula County, Montana. It is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Missoula County, Montana, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.

There are 88 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.

Missoula County, Montana
Missoula County (/mɪˈzuːlə/ ⓘ miz-OO-lə) is a county located in the state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 117,922, making it Montana's third most populous county. Its county seat and most populous city is Missoula. The county was founded in 1860. Missoula County comprises the Missoula, MT Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is not a consolidated city-county.
Discrete valuation
In mathematics, a discrete valuation is an integer valuation on a field K; that is, a function:

satisfying the conditions:

for all .

Note that often the trivial valuation which takes on only the values  is explicitly excluded.

A field with a non-trivial discrete valuation is called a discrete valuation field.

Valuation (algebra)
In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of the size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a zero in complex analysis, the degree of divisibility of a number by a prime number in number theory, and the geometrical concept of contact between two algebraic or analytic varieties in algebraic geometry. A field with a valuation on it is called a valued field.