hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kirchhoff's diffraction formula
Kirchhoff's diffraction formula (also called Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula) approximates  light intensity and phase in optical diffraction: light fields in the boundary regions of shadows. The approximation
can be used to model light propagation in a wide range of configurations, either analytically or using numerical modelling. It gives an expression for the wave disturbance when a monochromatic spherical wave is the incoming wave of a situation under consideration. This formula is derived by applying the Kirchhoff integral theorem, which uses the Green's second identity to derive the solution to the homogeneous scalar wave equation, to a spherical wave with some approximations.

The Huygens–Fresnel principle is derived by the Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction formula.

Green's identities
In mathematics, Green's identities are a set of three identities in vector calculus relating the bulk with the boundary of a region on which differential operators act. They are named after the mathematician George Green, who discovered Green's theorem.
Corona (card game)
Corona is a relatively long and difficult patience or card solitaire using two decks. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the foundations.  Successfully winning the game is considered difficult.

Play is much like that in the popular family of games based on Napoleon at St Helena, but with a tableau of 12 piles instead of 10. Corona is nearly identical to the variant of Limited, with the exception of an additional restriction that the deck is used to refill empty piles rather than letting the player fill them as desired.

Napoleon at St Helena
Napoleon at St Helena is a 2-deck patience or solitaire card game for one player.  It is quite difficult to win, and luck-of-the-draw is a significant factor. The emperor Napoleon often played patience during his final exile to the island of St Helena, and this is said to be the version he probably played. Along with its variants, it is one of the most popular two-deck patiences or solitaires. The winning chances have been estimated as 1 in 10 games, with success typically dependent on the player's ability to clear one or more columns. The game is the progenitor of a large family of similar games, mostly with variations designed to make it easier to win, or "get out"

Alternative names include Le Cadran ('The Dial') and, in the US, Forty Thieves, Big Forty and Roosevelt at San Juan.
Mikocheni
Mikocheni (Kata ya Mikocheni, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Kinondoni District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The Kawe and Msasani form the north and east boundaries of the ward, respectively. The ward is bordered to the south by the Kinondoni and Mwananyamala. And last but not least,  Makongo to west of the ward. Many government organizations, notably the Tanzania Communications Regulatory Authority, have their headquarters in the ward. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a population of 32,947.

Makongo, Kinondoni
Makongo (Kata ya Makongo in Swahili) is an administrative ward in Kinondoni District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Kawe and Mikocheni wards form the ward's eastern boundary. The ward is bordered to the south by Kijitonyama, Sinza, Ubungo, and Kimara. The ward is surrounded by Saranga ward to the west. The ward is bordered to the north by the wards of Goba and Mbezi Juu. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 43,796.
Thomas de Brus
Sir Thomas de Brus (c. 1284, Carrick, Ayrshire – 17 February 1307) was a son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Margaret, Countess Of Carrick and thus a younger brother of King Robert I of Scotland. He supported his brother in the struggle against the English conquest, ultimately being captured by the MacDoualls at Loch Ryan, Galloway, Scotland and later executed by the English.

Thomas was married to Helen Erskine.

Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale
Robert de Brus (July 1243 – bef. April 1304), 6th Lord of Annandale, jure uxoris Earl of Carrick (1252–1292), Lord of Hartness, Writtle and Hatfield Broad Oak, was a cross-border lord, and participant of the Second Barons' War, Ninth Crusade, Welsh Wars, and First War of Scottish Independence, as well as father to the future king of Scotland Robert the Bruce.

Of Scoto-Norman-Irish heritage, through his father he was a third-great grandson of David I of Scotland. Other ancestors included Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, Edmund Ironside, Fergus of Galloway, Henry I of England and Aoife MacMurrough, daughter of Dermot MacMurrough.
Cornick (food)
Cornick (Filipino: kornik) is a Filipino deep-fried crunchy puffed corn nut snack. It is most commonly garlic-flavored but can also come in a variety of other flavors. It is traditionally made with Lagkitan glutinous corn.

Lagkitan corn
Lagkitan corn, also known as white lagkitan corn, is an heirloom cultivar of waxy corn from the Philippines. It is one of the two most commonly cultivated corn varieties in the country (the other being the Visayan white corn). It is made into various traditional dishes like binatog and cornick.
Victor Harbor, South Australia
Victor Harbor is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located within the City of Victor Harbor on the south coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula, about 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. The town is the largest population centre on the peninsula, with an economy based upon agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. It is a popular tourist destination, with the area's population greatly expanded during the summer holidays, usually by Adelaide locals looking to escape the summer heat.

The coast stretching for around 50 km (31 mi) from west of Victor Harbor along to Goolwa is often referred to as the South Coast, especially among surfers, as many of the beaches on this stretch are popular surfing spots.

It is a popular destination with South Australian high school graduates for their end of year celebrations, known colloquially as schoolies.

City of Victor Harbor
The City of Victor Harbor is a local government area of South Australia. It covers an area of 386.5 square kilometres (149.2 sq mi) along the coast, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. The council is responsible for the town of Victor Harbor, which contains over 85% of its population, and the surrounding rural area to the north and west. The City of Victor Harbor had an estimated population of over 14,000 at the 2016 Census.
Kotahitanga (song)
"Kotahitanga" (English: "Unity"), is a song by Oceania, a musical act formed by New Zealand vocalist Hinewehi Mohi and English producer Jaz Coleman. A house remix of the song by Beatmasters was released as a single in New Zealand and Europe.

Hinewehi Mohi
Dame Hinewehi Mohi DNZM (born 1964) is a New Zealand musician and producer, best known for her double-platinum album Oceania (1999) and its lead single "Kotahitanga (Union)", performing the New Zealand National Anthem in Māori during the 1999 Rugby World Cup, and as a producer for the 2019 Māori language compilation album Waiata / Anthems.

As a television producer, Mohi has worked to produce television programmes such as Mōteatea and Marae DIY.
The Full Monty (play)
The Full Monty is a black comedy play written by Simon Beaufoy, from his original screenplay for the 1997 film The Full Monty. It made its world premiere at the Lyceum Theatre, Sheffield in February 2013, before touring the United Kingdom. A West End production was launched at the Noël Coward Theatre in February 2014. Followed by UK Tours in 2014/15 and 2016/17.

In 2023 a brand new production opened at the Everyman Theatre, Cheltenham, produced by Mark Goucher Productions and Buxton Opera House, which is currently touring the UK until April 2024.

Noël Coward Theatre
The Noël Coward Theatre, formerly known as the Albery Theatre, is a West End theatre in St. Martin's Lane in the City of Westminster, London. It opened on 12 March 1903 as the New Theatre and was built by Sir Charles Wyndham behind Wyndham's Theatre which was completed in 1899. The building was designed by the architect W. G. R. Sprague with an exterior in the classical style and an interior in the Rococo style.

In 1973, it was renamed the Albery Theatre in tribute to Sir Bronson Albery who had presided as its manager for many years. Since September 2005, the theatre has been owned by Delfont-Mackintosh Ltd. It underwent major refurbishment in 2006 and was renamed the Noël Coward Theatre when it re-opened on 1 June 2006. The building is a Grade II Listed structure.
Cephalotaxus mannii
Cephalotaxus mannii is a species of plant in the family Taxaceae. It is a tree up to about 20 metres (66 ft) tall, native to southern China, northeast India, Laos, northern Thailand, northern Myanmar and northern Vietnam. While the species is widespread, its populations are fragmented and it is threatened by cutting for timber as well as for using its bark and leaves for medicinal extracts.

Sometimes (e.g.) the species Cephalotaxus griffithii and Cephalotaxus hainanensis are considered synonyms of this species.

Cephalotaxus hainanensis
Cephalotaxus hainanensis is a species of conifer known by the common name Hainan plum-yew. It is native to southern China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan), southeastern Tibet, and Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam in northern Indochina.
Temptation (1942 film)
Temptation (Hungarian: Kísértés) is a 1942 Hungarian crime drama film directed by Zoltán Farkas and starring Elma Bulla, Katalin Karády, István Nagy and Tibor Halmay. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director László Dudás.

Katalin Karády
Katalin Karády (8 December 1910 – 8 February 1990) was a Hungarian actress and singer. A leading actress in Hungarian movies made between 1939–1945, she is best known outside Hungary as an awardee of the Righteous among the Nations honour for rescuing a number of Hungarian Jews.
Archdeacon of Oxford
The Archdeacon of Oxford is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Oxford, England. The office responsibility includes the care of clergy and church buildings within the area of the Archdeaconry of Oxford.

Diocese of Oxford
The Diocese of Oxford is a Church of England diocese that forms part of the Province of Canterbury. The diocese is led by the Bishop of Oxford (currently Steven Croft), and the bishop's seat is at Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. It contains more church buildings than any other diocese and has more paid clergy than any other except London.

The diocese now covers the counties of Berkshire (118 churches), Buckinghamshire (152 churches), Oxfordshire (227 churches) and five churches in the nearby counties. Their 284 schools educate more than 68,000 students.
Them (band)
Them were a Northern Irish rock band formed in Belfast, in April 1964, most prominently known for their 1964 garage rock standard "Gloria" and launching Van Morrison's musical career. The original five-member band consisted of Morrison, Alan Henderson, Ronnie Milling, Billy Harrison, and Eric Wrixon.

Them scored two UK hits in 1965 with "Baby, Please Don't Go" (UK No. 10) and "Here Comes the Night" (UK No. 2; Ireland No. 2). The latter song and "Mystic Eyes" were top 40 hits in the US.

Morrison quit the band in 1966 and went on to a successful career as a solo artist. The group had considerable influence on other bands, such as the Doors.

The band's recording of "Gloria" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. It was ranked No. 69 in Dave Marsh's 1989 book, The Heart of Rock and Soul, The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever and "Mystic Eyes" was ranked No. 458. "Gloria" was listed at No. 208 in the 2004 Rolling Stone magazine's feature The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Here Comes the Night
"Here Comes the Night" is a 1964 song, written by Bert Berns. It became a hit for Northern Irish band Them, fronted by Van Morrison, in March 1965, charting at No. 2 in the UK, No. 8 in Canada, and No. 24 in the US. Them's single is listed at either No. 33 or No. 36 in the Top 100 best-selling UK singles during the calendar year 1965, depending on source.

The song was originally released as a single in both the UK and the US. by another Decca Records' artiste, Lulu, in November 1964. Lulu's recording charted at No. 50 in the UK, and failed to chart at all in the US.
Templeton Woods murders
The Templeton Woods murders are the collective name coined by the press for the Murder of Carol Lannen in 1979 and Murder of Elizabeth McCabe in 1980 in Dundee, Scotland. Templeton Woods was where both bodies were discovered eleven months apart and both women disappeared from the centre of Dundee at nighttime, also eleven months apart. At times during investigation, police and media have believed the cases to be linked to one another, and at other times, believed the cases to be not linked.

Murder of Carol Lannen
The murder of Carol Lannen took place in 1979 with her body found in Templeton Woods near Dundee, Scotland.
Only 11 months later Elizabeth McCabe was found dead only 150 yards away at the same entrance in the same forest.
F. Gary Gray
Felix Gary Gray (born July 17, 1969) is an American director and producer. Gray began his career as a director on numerous critically acclaimed and award-winning music videos, including "It Was a Good Day" by Ice Cube, "Natural Born Killaz" by Dr. Dre and Ice Cube, "Keep Their Heads Ringin'" by Dr. Dre, "Waterfalls" by TLC, and "Ms. Jackson" by Outkast.

Gray made his feature film directorial debut with the comedy Friday (1995). He has since directed the films Set It Off (1996), The Negotiator (1998), The Italian Job (2003), Be Cool (2005), Law Abiding Citizen (2009), and Straight Outta Compton (2015). He also directed the eighth installment of the Fast & Furious franchise, The Fate of the Furious (2017), which is one of the highest-grossing films of all time.

The Negotiator
The Negotiator is a 1998 American crime thriller film directed by F. Gary Gray. It stars Samuel L. Jackson and Kevin Spacey as Chicago Police Department lieutenants who are expert hostage negotiators. The film was produced by Regency Enterprises, Mandeville Films, New Regency and Taurus Films and released in the United States by Warner Bros. on July 29, 1998, receiving generally positive reviews from critics and grossing $88 million worldwide. The film is considered by many to be one of Jackson's most underrated films and one of F. Gary Gray's best films.
2023 WTA Tour
The 2023 WTA Tour (branded as the 2023 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2023 tennis season. The 2023 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the 2023 WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy), and the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and Hopman Cup (sanctioned by the ITF). 2023 also marked the return of the WTA to China, after strict COVID-19 protocols in the country and the disappearance of former tennis player Peng Shuai.

2023 Jasmin Open
The 2023 Jasmin Open was a women's professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hardcourts. It was the second edition of the tournament and part of the WTA 250 tournaments on the 2023 WTA Tour. The event took place at the Magic Hotel Skanes in Monastir, Tunisia, from 16 through 22 October 2023.
Morgans Hotel
Morgans Hotel was the world's first boutique hotel, located at 237 Madison Avenue in New York City. Founded by Studio 54 cofounder Ian Schrager as the first property in the Morgans Hotel Group, it opened in 1984.

Ian Schrager
Ian Schrager (born July 19, 1946) is an American entrepreneur, hotelier and real estate developer, credited for co-creating the "boutique hotel" category of accommodation. Originally, he gained fame as co-owner and co-founder of Studio 54.
Black Marvel
The Black Marvel (Daniel Lyons) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by artist Al Gabriele with an unknown writer, he first appeared in Mystic Comics #5 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1930s forerunner Timely Comics during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books.

Daniel Lyons and an original incarnation named Omar Mosely appeared in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, with the latter voiced by Paul Winfield.

Paul Winfield
Paul Edward Winfield (May 22, 1939 – March 7, 2004) was an American actor. He was known for his portrayal of a Louisiana sharecropper who struggles to support his family during the Great Depression in the landmark film Sounder (1972), which earned him an Academy Award nomination. Winfield portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1978 television miniseries King, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award. Winfield was also known for his roles in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Terminator, L.A. Law,, the Magic Mirror in The Charmings, and Julian c. Barlow in the final season of 227. Winfield received four Emmy nominations overall, winning in 1995 for his 1994 guest role in Picket Fences.
Krešimir Čuljak
Krešimir Čuljak (born 18 September 1970 in Zagreb) is a Croatian rower who won a bronze medal in the eights competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, along with Igor Boraska, Nikša Skelin, Siniša Skelin, Branimir Vujević, Tomislav Smoljanović, Tihomir Franković and Igor Francetić.

Tomislav Smoljanović
Tomislav Smoljanović (born 15 July 1977) is a Croatian medical scientist, physician, and a retired rower.

Smoljanović won bronze at the 2000 Summer Olympics and silver at the 2001 World Championships as a member of the national eights team. As a physician, he gained public prominence in 2011 for his research and campaigning which were instrumental in uncovering the harmful side effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 therapy.
Alida Withoos
Alida Withoos (c. 1660/62 – 5 December 1730 (buried)) was a Dutch botanical artist and painter. She was the daughter of the painter Matthias Withoos. She is best known for her botanical watercolors commissioned for two major collaborative illustration projects: Agnes Block's florilegium as well as the Moninckx Atlas.

Agnes Block
Agnes, or Agneta Block (29 October 1629, Emmerich am Rhein – 20 April 1704, Amsterdam) was a Dutch art collector and horticulturalist.  She is most remembered as the compiler of an album of flower and insect paintings and as one of the first Europeans to successfully cultivate and fruit the pineapple outside of its native habitat. She bore the nickname "Flora Batava," referencing the goddess of flowers and her Dutch identity. She is often lost to history because of the misspelling of her name. As well as differences in her first name, her last name was also spelled interchangeably as Block or Blok.
Princess Sophie of Liechtenstein
Princess Sophie Marie Gabriele Pia of Liechtenstein (German: Sophie Marie Gabriele Pia, Prinzessin von und zu Liechtenstein) (11 July 1837, Vienna, Austrian Empire – 25 September 1899, Schloss Fischhorn, Zell am See, Salzburg, Austria-Hungary) was a Princess of Liechtenstein and member of the Princely House of Liechtenstein by birth. Through her marriage to Charles, Prince of Löwenstein, Sophie was Princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg from 4 May 1863 until 25 September 1899 and a member of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.

Charles, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1834–1921)
Charles, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (German: Karl Heinrich Fürst zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg) (21 May 1834 – 8 November 1921) was a German nobleman, the Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1849–1908), Catholic politician and later a Dominican friar. He was the first President of the Catholic Society of Germany (1868), and a member of the Reichstag from 1871 for the Catholic Centre Party.
Dhanya Ananya
Dhanya Ananya is an Indian actress, who works in Malayalam film industry. She made her Malayalam film debut in 2019 and got breakthrough for her performance in Nalpathiyonnu. Dhanya later played notable character roles in the Malayalam films including critically acclaimed Ayyappanum Koshiyum, Jana Gana Mana and Saudi Vellakka.

Saudi Vellakka
Saudi Vellakka CC.225/2009 is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language crime drama film, written and directed by Tharun Moorthy. The film stars Lukman Avaran, Devi Varma, Binu Pappu, Sujith Shankar, Dhanya Ananya. The film was produced by Sandip Senan under the banner Urvasi Theatres. This film earned many awards and nominations including the National Film Award for Best Malayalam Feature Film.

Saudi Vellakka was released on 2 December 2022 to positive reviews from critics.
Mural (1943)
Mural is a 1943 large painting by American artist Jackson Pollock.  Although signed and dated 1943, the signature and date were not added until 1947, and the work was probably completed around the fall of 1943.  It was made with oil paint (and an off-white water-based paint) on linen, and is Pollock's largest canvas, measuring 2.43 by 6.04 metres (8 ft 0 in × 19 ft 10 in). The work was commissioned by Peggy Guggenheim for the long entrance hall of her townhouse at 155 East 61st Street in New York City.

The work marks an important transitional moment in Pollock's artistic career, from his earlier works of surrealist abstraction towards action painting.  It has been held by the University of Iowa Museum of Art since 1951.

University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art
The University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art is a visual arts institution that is part of the University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. It is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums.

Since its inception, the museum has partnered in many teaching programs and research projects with the University of Iowa School of Art and Art History, and for several decades has sponsored the annual MFA show as well as the faculty exhibitions. Faculty from the SAAH and elsewhere, and graduate students on campus have curated shows at the museum that are closely linked with their research, courses, and seminars. The teaching mission of the Stanley Museum of Art embraces the curriculum of the University of Iowa and extends throughout the state.
American Pie Presents (film series)
American Pie Presents is a spin-off film series of the American Pie franchise. The series consists of five films: American Pie Presents: Band Camp (2005), American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile (2006), American Pie Presents: Beta House (2007), American Pie Presents: The Book of Love (2009), and American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules (2020), all of which went direct-to-video. Noah Levenstein (Eugene Levy), a character in the original series, appears in all films with the exception of Girls' Rules.

American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules
American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules is a 2020 American sex comedy film directed by Mike Elliott. It is the fifth installment of the American Pie Presents film series, a spin-off of the American Pie franchise and the ninth overall installment. It is the first film in the franchise to not feature Eugene Levy and also the first to contain no nudity. The film serves as a standalone sequel, revolving around Steve Stifler's relative Stephanie (Lizze Broadway) and her friends.

The film was released on demand and DVD on October 6, 2020, by Universal Pictures, and on Blu-ray on September 7, 2021. It received generally negative reviews from critics.