hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lorenz Christoph Mizler
Lorenz Christoph Mizler von Kolof (also known as Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolof and Mitzler de Koloff; 26 July 1711 – 8 May 1778) was a German physician, historian, printer, mathematician, Baroque music composer, and precursor of the Enlightenment in Poland.

Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (/vɔːlf/; less correctly Wolf, German: [vɔlf]; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher. Wolff is characterized as one of the most eminent German philosophers between Leibniz and Kant. His life work spanned almost every scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which some deem the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany.

Wolff wrote in German as his primary language of scholarly instruction and research, although he did translate his works into Latin for his transnational European audience.  A founding father of, among other fields, economics and public administration as academic disciplines, he concentrated especially in these fields, giving advice on practical matters to people in government, and stressing the professional nature of university education.
Kita-ku, Kumamoto
Kita-ku (北区) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally "north ward," it is bordered by the Nishi-ku, Chūō-ku, Higashi-ku and also by the cities of Yamaga, Kikuchi, Kōshi and the towns of Gyokutō and Kikuyō. As of 2012, it has a population of 140,684 people and an area of 115.65 km2.

Nishi-ku, Kumamoto
Nishi-ku (西区) is one of the five wards of Kumamoto City, Japan. Meaning literally "west ward," it is bordered by the Kita-ku, Chūō-ku, Minami-ku and also by the city of Tamana and the town of Gyokutō. As of 2012, it has a population of 93,394 people and an area of 88.21 km2.
Nonlinear theory of semiconductor lasers
Laser theory of Fabry-Perot (FP) semiconductor lasers proves to be nonlinear, since the gain, the refractive index and the loss coefficient are the functions of energy flux. The nonlinear theory made it possible to explain a number of experiments some of which could not even be explained (for example, natural linewidth), much less modeled, on the basis of other theoretical models; this suggests that the nonlinear theory developed is a new paradigm of the laser theory.

Semiconductor laser theory
Semiconductor lasers or laser diodes play an important part in our everyday lives by providing cheap and compact-size lasers. They consist of complex multi-layer structures requiring nanometer scale accuracy and an elaborate design. Their theoretical description is important not only from a fundamental point of view, but also in order to generate new and improved designs. It is common to all systems that the laser is an inverted carrier density system. The carrier inversion results in an electromagnetic polarization which drives an electric field . In most cases, the electric field is confined in a resonator, the properties of which are also important factors for laser performance.
Milagros Crespo
Milagros Victoria Crespo Valle (born 4 February 1979 in Cabaiguán) is a Cuban former beach volleyball player who participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics. She partnered with Imara Esteves Ribalta.

Playing with Ion Canet, she won the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit 2009 Manzanillo tournament.

Ion Canet
Ion Canet Betancourt (born in Havana, Cuba) is a female beach volleyball player from Cuba who participated in the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Circuit in the 2007, playing with Kirenia Ballar; and 2008, playing with Nirian Sinal.

Canet won the Cuban Beach Volleyball National Championship, playing with Milagros Crespo.
Captain Crotty
Captain Crotty was Houston, Texas's second fireboat.  Commissioned in 1950, she replaced Port Houston.  She was joined by Houston's third fireboat, Captain J.L. Farnsworth in 1973. In 1983, she was retired and replaced by J.S. Bracewell and Howard T. Tellepsen.

Captain Crotty was 79 feet (24 m) long, and built by R.T.C Shipbuilding of Camden, New Jersey.  According to Motorboating magazine, she was "highly maneuverable" and built to a "relatively inexpensive" design. She was named after Charles Crotty, who had been assistant director of the port. The name was chosen through a contest.  After her retirement, she was sold to Ocean Diving Adventures Incorporated for $50,000.

Port Houston (fireboat)
The Port Houston, commissioned in 1926, was the first fireboat to serve the Houston area.  She was replaced by the Captain Crotty in 1950.

According to the Transactions of The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, the Port Houston was the world's first diesel-electric fireboat.
Marshal of Nobility (Poland)
The Marshal of Nobility (Polish: Marszałek szlachty) was an institution of self-government of the nobility (szlachta) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth which existed in Polish lands acquired by  the Russian Empire during the First Partition of Poland in 1772.  The term is the Polish translation of the Russian term "Предводитель дворянства (predvoditel dvoryanstva)", literally, "leader of nobility", where the word "Marszałek" is a historical title used in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth for various functions.

Initially it was a position elected by szlachta, however after the Polish January Uprising of 1863 it was appointed by the governor (who himself was appointed by Russian tsar).

Marszałek
Marszałek (English: Marshal, Lithuanian: Maršalka, Belarusian: Маршалак, Latin: Marescallus) was the title of one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15th century. It was the highest-ranking of all court officials and was considered the most important advisor to the King of Poland.
O.P. Anderson
O.P. Anderson Aquavit is a Swedish spirit of the akvavit type, presented in 1891 for the  Gothenburg Exhibition Fair under the name "Gammal Fin 1ma Aquavit". The firm producing it was called O.P. Anderson & Son i Göteborg, which has later given name to this brand of akvavit. Göteborg is the Swedish name for Gothenburg.

O.P. Anderson Aquavit is the oldest and most sold akvavit of Sweden, spiced with caraway, anise and fennel and stored on oak barrels for eight months. The spices are the same in the akvavits Gammaldags Norrlands Akvavit from 1929 and Skåne Akvavit from 1931, but Norrlands has sherry added to it and Skåne is blander.

As of 2021, it is produced by Anora Group.

Akvavit
Akvavit or aquavit (/ˈɑːkwəviːt, -və-/) is a distilled spirit that is principally produced in Scandinavia, where it has been produced since the 15th century. Akvavit is distilled from grain or potatoes and is flavoured with a variety of spices and herbs. It is also popular in Northern Germany.

Akvavit gets its distinctive flavour from spices and herbs, and the dominant flavour must (according to the European Union) come from a distillate of caraway and/or dill seed. It typically contains 40% alcohol by volume, or 80 proof (U.S.). The EU has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for akvavit to be named as such.
5AT Advanced Technology Steam Locomotive
The 5AT Advanced Technology steam locomotive was a conceptual design conceived by the British engineer David Wardale, and first described in his 1998 definitive work on modern steam, The Red Devil and Other Tales from the Age of Steam.

Wardale's purpose in putting forward the "Super Class 5 4-6-0" design concept (as he then called it) was to offer a future for steam hauled trains on the main lines in the UK on which the use of heritage traction is likely to be gradually phased out as the speed and density of commercial rail traffic increase.

Work on the project was suspended in March 2012 following completion of a project Feasibility Study and subsequent failure to raise the finance needed to complete the detail design and construction of the locomotive.

Livio Dante Porta
Livio Dante Porta (21 March 1922 – 10 June 2003) was an Argentine steam locomotive engineer. He is particularly remembered for his innovative modifications to existing locomotive systems in order to obtain better performance and energy efficiency, and reduced pollution. He developed the Kylpor and Lempor exhaust systems. The Lemprex ejector was under development at the time of his death.
Perry, Cambridgeshire
Perry is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England, approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Huntingdon. Perry is in Huntingdonshire, a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and historic county of England. Perry is on the shore of a reservoir, Grafham Water, a few miles from the market town of St Neots.

Before becoming a parish in its own right the village was divided into West Perry (in the parish of Great Staughton) and East Perry (in the parish of Grafham).

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Katana
A katana (刀, かたな; lit. 'one-sided blade') is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands. Developed later than the tachi, it was used by samurai in feudal Japan and worn with the edge facing upward. Since the Muromachi period, many old tachi were cut from the root and shortened, and the blade at the root was crushed and converted into a katana. The specific term for katana in Japan is uchigatana (打刀, うちがたな; lit. 'striking sword') and the term katana (刀) often refers to single-edged swords from around the world.

Tanegashima (gun)
Tanegashima (種子島), most often called in Japanese and sometimes in English hinawajū (火縄銃, "matchlock gun"), was a type of matchlock-configured arquebus firearm introduced to Japan through the Portuguese Empire in 1543. It was used by the samurai class and their ashigaru "foot soldiers", and within a few years its introduction in battle changed the way war was fought in Japan forever. It, however, could not completely replace the yumi (longbow). Although the Japanese developed various techniques to improve the gun's shortcomings, specifically its slow rate of fire and inability to fire in the rain, it remained inferior to the yumi in these respects, and the latter continued to be an important weapon on the battlefield. After Tokugawa Ieyasu destroyed the Toyotomi clan in the siege of Osaka and established the Tokugawa shogunate, the relatively peaceful Edo period arrived, and the use of  tanegashima declined.
SS Meteor (1896)
SS Meteor is the sole surviving ship of the unconventional "whaleback" design. The design, created by Scottish captain Alexander McDougall, enabled her to carry a maximum amount of cargo with a minimum of draft. Meteor was built in 1896 in Superior, Wisconsin, United States, and, with a number of modifications, sailed until 1969. She is now a museum ship in the city of her construction.

Alexander McDougall (ship designer)
Captain Alexander McDougall (March 15, 1845 – May 27, 1923) was a Scottish-born American seaman who built the whaleback style of cargo and excursion ship. In 1880, he designed a ship that he felt could withstand the worst lake water and carry the greatest cargo in the least depth of water. In 1917 he founded McDougall Duluth Shipbuilding Company to build World War I ships.
Yamaha QY10
The Yamaha QY10 is a hand-held music workstation produced by the Yamaha Corporation in the early 1990s.  Possessing a MIDI sequencer, a tone generator and a tiny single-octave keyboard, the portable and battery-powered QY10 enables a musician to compose music while traveling.

Music workstation
A music workstation is an electronic musical instrument providing the facilities of:

a sound module,

a music sequencer and

(usually) a musical keyboard.

It enables a musician to compose electronic music using just one piece of equipment.
Horace Engdahl
Horace Oscar Axel Engdahl (born 30 December 1948) is a Swedish literary historian and critic, and has been a member of the Swedish Academy since 1997. He was the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy from 1999 to June 2009, when he was succeeded by Swedish author and historian Peter Englund.

Peter Englund
Peter Mikael Englund (born 4 April 1957) is a Swedish author and historian. He focuses on writing non-fiction books and essays, mostly about the Swedish Empire and other historical events. Englund is known for his accessible writing style, which includes narrative details that are often left out in traditional history books. His works have been translated into 20 languages. From 2009 to 2015, Englund served as the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, before being succeeded by Sara Danius. In January 2019, he and fellow academy member Kjell Espmark announced their return as active members of the Swedish academy, where they had been inactive since April 2018.
Anyuy (Kolyma)
The Anyuy (Russian: Анюй; Yakut: Өньүүй, Öñüüy) is a river in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Kolyma, flowing into it in its delta area at Nizhnekolymsk, 153 kilometres (95 mi) upstream from the mouths of the Kolyma.

The Anyuy begins in a swampy area at the confluence of the Bolshoy Anyuy ("Great Anyuy") from the south, and the Maly Anyuy ("Little Anyuy") from the east, shortly before their combined waters flow into the Kolyma. Therefore the length of the Anyuy proper is just 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). The area of the basin of the whole Anyuy River system, however, is 107,000 square kilometres (41,000 sq mi).

The Anyuy may stay under the ice for up to nine months. The area is covered with tundra, marshes and small lakes.

Kolyma (river)
The Kolyma (Russian: Колыма, IPA: [kəlɨˈma]; Yakut: Халыма, romanized: Xalıma) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.

The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
Mount Llana
Mount Llana (Bulgarian: връх Ляна, romanized: vrah Lyana, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈʎanɐ]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 1300 m at the north extremity of Urda Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  It is connected to Jerez Peak by Soyka Saddle, and surmounts Bersame Glacier to the west and Highton Glacier to the east.

The peak is named after the Spanish mariner José de la Llana who probably discovered Shag Rocks, South Georgia in 1762.

Bersame Glacier
Bersame Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Берсаме, romanized: lednik Bersame, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ ˈbɛrsɐmɛ]) is the 2.4 km long and 1.5 km wide glacier on the west side of Urda Ridge on Clarence Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated northeast of Giridava Glacier.  It drains the slopes of Mount Llana, flows northwestwards and enters the Southern Ocean northeast of the terminus of Giridava Glacier.

The glacier is named after the Thracian settlement of Bersame in Southeastern Bulgaria.
Spergula arvensis
Spergula arvensis, the corn spurry, stickwort, starwort or spurrey, is a species of plant in the genus Spergula. It is an annual plant which is native to Europe, Macaronesia, Siberia, northwestern India, northwestern Africa, and the highlands of eastern tropical Africa.

It is considered a cosmopolitan agricultural weed, and has been introduced to the Americas, Southern Africa, and parts of Asia.

Spergula
Spergula is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Their usual English name is spurry or spurrey. It includes 10 species native to portions of South America, Africa, and Eurasia. They are commonly found in grassland.
Theresa Gannon
Theresa A. Gannon is a British academic psychologist and chartered psychologist, and is a full professor at the University of Kent specialising in forensic psychology, especially of deliberate firestarters and sexual offenders. Gannon is a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, and was awarded the British Psychological Society's Division of Forensic Psychology Lifetime Contribution to Forensic Psychology Award.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
West Linn-Wilsonville School District
West Linn-Wilsonville School District (WLWVSD 3J) is a school district in the Portland metropolitan area on the western edge of Clackamas County. The district spans roughly 42 miles, entirely covering the cities of West Linn and Wilsonville, a small portion of Tualatin, and the community of Stafford, along the Willamette River.

As of 2025, the district has roughly 9,000 students across 16 schools educating pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade, with a new K-5 school under construction. This includes ten primary schools (K-5), four middle schools (6-8), and two high schools (9-12). The district also operates two charter schools; a high school and a K-8 school.  The charter high school recently converted to a public high school.

West Linn, Oregon
West Linn is a city in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. A southern suburb within the Portland metropolitan area, West Linn developed on the site of the former Linn City, which was named after U.S. Senator Lewis F. Linn of Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, who had advocated the American occupation of the Oregon territory as a counterclaim to the British.

The Sullivan hydroelectric plant opened in 1889, and harvested energy from nearby Willamette Falls. The adjacent Willamette Falls Pulp and Paper Company began operations the same year.

As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 27,373.
Yachiyo, Hyōgo
Yachiyo (八千代町, Yachiyo-chō) was a town located in Taka District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,262 and a population density of 118.00 persons per km2. The total area was 53.07 km2.

On November 1, 2005, Yachiyo, along with the towns of Kami and Naka (all from Taka District), was merged to create the town of Taka.

Taka, Hyōgo
Taka (多可町, Taka-chō) is a town in Taka District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 May 2022, the town had an estimated population of 19,589 in 7661 households and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 185.19 square kilometres (71.50 sq mi).
Daniel O'Mahony
Daniel O'Mahony (born 24 July 1973) is a half-British half-Irish author, born in Croydon. He is the oldest of five children, his siblings including Eoin O'Mahony of the band Hamfatter, and Madeleine O'Mahony, who has designed and made hats for Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.

Bernice Summerfield
Professor Bernice Surprise Summerfield, or simply Benny, is a fictional character created by author Paul Cornell as a new companion of the Seventh Doctor in Virgin Publishing's range of original full-length Doctor Who novels, the New Adventures. The New Adventures were authorised novels carrying on from where the Doctor Who television series had left off, and Summerfield was introduced in Cornell's novel Love and War in 1992.
Disa brevicornis
Disa brevicornis is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa. In South Africa, the species is native to KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape, Free State and Western Cape. It is also native to Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi and Zimbabwe.

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
Bonaventure
Bonaventure OFM (/ˈbɒnəvɛntʃər, ˌbɒnəˈvɛntʃər/ BON-ə-ven-chər, -⁠VEN-; Italian: Bonaventura da Bagnoregio [ˌbɔnavenˈtuːra da (b)baɲɲoˈrɛːdʒo]; Latin: Bonaventura de Balneoregio; born Giovanni di Fidanza; 1221 – 15 July 1274) was an Italian Catholic Franciscan bishop, cardinal, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he also served for a time as Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV. In 1588 Pope Sixtus V declared him a Doctor of the Church named as the "Seraphic Doctor" (Latin: Doctor Seraphicus). His feast day is 15 July.

Many writings from the Middle Ages once attributed to him have been subsequently re-classified under the name "Pseudo-Bonaventure".

Collationes in Hexaemeron
The Collationes in Hexaemeron (Latin: [kɔllatsiɔnɛs in ɛksɛmɛɾɔn], Talks on the Six Days [of Creation]) are an unfinished series of theological lectures given by St. Bonaventure in Paris between Easter and Pentecost 1273.

They exist only in listeners' transcripts (reportationes) handed down both in a shorter version (Reportatio A) and a longer, significantly different (Reportatio B).
Whanganui Collegiate School
Whanganui Collegiate School is a state-integrated, coeducational, day and boarding secondary school located in Whanganui, in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand. Affiliated with the Anglican Church, it is the third oldest school in New Zealand. The school’s campus is officially registered as a category 1 historic place with Heritage New Zealand.

Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt
Colonel Arthur Espie Porritt, Baron Porritt, Bt, GCMG, GCVO, CBE, KStJ, FRCS (10 August 1900 – 1 January 1994) was a New Zealand physician, military surgeon, statesman and athlete. He won a bronze medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics in the 100 m sprint. He served as the 11th governor-general of New Zealand from 1967 to 1972, becoming the first New Zealand-born person to hold the office.
Ilaiyangudi
Ilaiyangudi (or "Ilayangudi") is a town in Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu state, India. It is the center of government for the surrounding tehsils. The town has a predominant Tamil Rowthers population. The Tamil Muslim community was traditionally engaged in business. Bazaar (Kadai Theru) is the central business district.

Manamadurai
Manamadurai is a Municipality Town in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Situated 58 kilometres away from the heart of Madurai on the Cochin - Dhanushkodi National Highway. It is the 4th Largest Town in the Sivaganga district followed by Karaikudi, Sivaganga and Devakottai. Manamadurai represents its seat in Manamadurai Legislative assembly constituency. It is a river-based settlement town developed on banks of river Vaigai around 2 BCE. The River flows through the core of town dividing the town into Upper Western banks and lower eastern banks.