hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Royal Longford Rifle Militia
The Royal Longford Rifles was an Irish Militia regiment raised in County Longford in 1793. It saw action during the Irish Rebellion of 1798, when it was involved in the rout known as the 'Castlebar Races'. It later became a battalion of the Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own), but was disbanded in 1908.

Sir George Fetherston, 3rd Baronet
Sir George Ralph Fetherston, 3rd Baronet (4 June 1784 – 12 July 1853) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Fetherston was the son of Sir Thomas Fetherston, 2nd Baronet, by Catherine, daughter of George Boleyn Whitney. He was educated at Newcombe's School, Hackney, London, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He joined Lincoln's Inn in 1804.

In 1810 he was appointed Major  of the Royal Longford Militia and commanded the regiment during its deployment to England in 1813–14. He continued in the disembodied regiment after Waterloo and was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1833.

He sat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom as one of the Members of Parliament for County Longford between 1819 and 1830. On 19 July 1819 he succeeded to his father's baronetcy.
Xhendelesse
Xhendelesse (Walloon: Xhindlesse) is a Belgian village and district of the city of Herve, Wallonia, in the province of Liège. It was a separate municipality until the fusion of the Belgian municipalities merged it with Herve in 1977.

The region around Xhendelesse and Herve is famous for its historic nail workshops, small forges where nailmakers cut and hammered nails using square rods produced by nearby slitting mills. In the 17th century, nails produced in the vicinity of Herve were frequently used by the Dutch East India Company in the construction of ships.

Herve
Herve (French pronunciation: [ɛʁv] ⓘ; Limburgish: Herf; Walloon: Heve) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium. On January 1, 2018 Herve had a total population of 17,598. The total area is 56.84 km2 (21.95 square miles) which gives a population density of 310 inhabitants per square kilometre (800/sq mi).

It is famed for its Herve cheese.
Parastylonurus
Parastylonurus is a genus of prehistoric eurypterid. It is classified within the Parastylonuridae family and contains three species, P. hendersoni and P. ornatus from the Silurian of Scotland and P. sigmoidalis from the Silurian of England.

Parastylonuridae
The Parastylonuridae are a family of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". The family is one of two families contained in the superfamily Stylonuroidea (along with Stylonuridae), which in turn is one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Stylonurina.
B-ration
The B-ration (officially Field Ration, Type B) was a United States military ration consisting of packaged and preserved food intended to be prepared in field kitchens by cooks. Its modern successor is the Unitized Group Ration – M (UGR-M), which combines multiple types of rations, including the B-ration, under one unified system.

The B-ration differs from other American alphabetized rations such as the A-ration, consisting of fresh food; C-ration, consisting of prepared wet food when A- and B-rations were not available; D-ration, consisting of military chocolate; K-ration, consisting of three balanced meals; and emergency rations, intended for emergencies when other food or rations are unavailable.

United States military ration
United States military ration refers to the military rations provided to sustain United States Armed Forces service members, including field rations and garrison rations, and the military nutrition research conducted in relation to military food. U.S. military rations are often made for quick distribution, preparation, and eating in the field and tend to have long storage times in adverse conditions due to being thickly packaged or shelf-stable.
Montcalm (federal electoral district)
Montcalm (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃kalm]) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, which has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1917 and since 2004.

In the 2004 election, the Bloc Québécois won a larger percentage of the vote than in any other riding, with 71% of the vote. It held the seat until 2011, when it was defeated by the NDP.

Repentigny (federal electoral district)
Repentigny (French pronunciation: [ʁəpɑ̃tiɲi] ⓘ) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997. It consists of the Regional County Municipality of L'Assomption, except the city and parish of L'Épiphanie.
Måns Zelmerlöw
Måns Petter Albert Sahlén Zelmerlöw (pronounced [ˈmɔnːs ˈsɛ̂lmɛˌɭøːv]; born 13 June 1986) is a Swedish singer and television presenter. He took part in Idol 2005, eventually finishing fifth, won the first season of Let's Dance, and scored a hit with his 2007 song "Cara Mia", which was his entry in that year's Melodifestivalen. Zelmerlöw was the host of Allsång på Skansen from 2011 to 2013. He participated in Melodifestivalen three more times: in 2009, 2015, and 2025; his 2015 win with "Heroes" led him to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015, which he won as well.

Barcelona Sessions
Barcelona Sessions is the fifth studio album of Swedish singer Måns Zelmerlöw. It was released on 5 February 2014 in Sweden. The album peaked at number three on the Swedish Albums Chart and includes the singles "Broken Parts", "Beautiful Life" and "Run for Your Life"—though none of these singles placed in the Swedish charts.
Sheryl Underwood
Sheryl Patrice Underwood (born October 28, 1963) is an American comedian, actress and television host. She first rose to prominence in the comedy world as the first female finalist in 1989's Miller Lite Comedy Search. Underwood was one of the hosts on the CBS Daytime talk show The Talk from September 2011 to December 2024, becoming the show's longest running co-host. She received a Daytime Emmy Award in 2017 and overall has been nominated seven times.

Zeta Phi Beta
Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. (ΖΦΒ) is a historically African American sorority. Since its founding, Zeta Phi Beta has historically focused on addressing social causes.

Zeta Phi Beta is a non-profit 501(c)(7) organization that is divided into eight intercontinental regions and 800+ Chapters located in the US, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Caribbean. In 1948, Zeta Phi Beta became the first Greek-letter organization to charter a chapter in Africa (in Monrovia, Liberia). Zeta Phi Beta is the third-largest predominantly African-American sorority.
Corn maze
A corn maze or maize maze is a maze cut out of a corn field. Corn mazes have become popular agritourism attractions in North America, and are a way for farms to generate tourist income. Corn mazes appear in many different designs. Most have a path which goes all around the whole pattern, either to end in the middle or to come back out again, with various false trails diverging from the main path. In the United Kingdom, they are known as maize mazes, and are especially popular with farms in the east of England.

These mazes are normally combined with other farm attractions of interest to families and day trippers. These attractions may include hay rides, a petting zoo, play areas for children, and picnic areas. Each year a few of the mazes are featured in national newspapers and TV.

In the U.S., corn mazes are typically cut down around the first week of November; in the UK typically in September after children return to school.

Maze
A maze is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal.  The word is used to refer both to branching tour puzzles through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching ("unicursal") patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. The term "labyrinth" is generally synonymous with "maze", but can also connote specifically a unicursal pattern. The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles.
Brachychaeteumatidae
Brachychaeteumatidae is a family of millipedes belonging to the order Chordeumatida. Adult millipedes in this family have 30 segments (counting the collum as the first segment and the telson as the last).

Genera:

Brachychaeteuma Verhoeff, 1911

Hungarosoma Verhoeff, 1928A

Iacksoneuma

Verhoeffeuma Strasser, 1937

Chordeumatida
Arthropods portal

Chordeumatida (from the Greek word for "sausage") is a large order of millipedes containing more than 1,100 species.  Also known as sausage millipedes, they are found nearly worldwide. Chordeumatida is the largest order in the superorder Nematophora, a group also known as spinning millipedes because their telsons feature spinnerets used to build nests of silk. These millipedes produce this silk to create chambers in which to molt or to lay their eggs.
Paul Rudolph (musician)
Paul Fraser Rudolph (born June 14, 1947 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) is a Canadian guitarist, bassist, singer, and cyclist. He made his mark in the UK underground music scene, and then as a session musician, before returning to Canada to indulge his passion for cycling. He resided in Gibsons, British Columbia, where he owned and operated a bicycle business, Spin Cycle. He has since retired to Victoria, British Columbia.

Pink Fairies
Pink Fairies are an English rock band initially active in the London (Ladbroke Grove) underground and psychedelic scene of the early 1970s. They promoted free music, drug use, and anarchy, and often performed impromptu gigs and other stunts, such as playing for nothing outside the gates at the Bath and Isle of Wight pop festivals in 1970, as well as appearing at Phun City, the second Glastonbury Festival, and other free festivals including Windsor and Trentishoe.
Edward E. Moore
Edward E. Moore (March 12, 1866 – October 23, 1940) was a teacher, newspaper editor and publisher, author and lawyer who served in the Indiana Senate from 1905 to 1913. He was also a Los Angeles, California, City Council member from 1925 to 1927.

Union County, Indiana
Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,087.  The county seat is Liberty. Since 2018, Union County has been included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located on the Indiana-Ohio border.
Bürstadt
Bürstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈbyːɐ̯ˌʃtat] ⓘ) is a town in the Bergstraße district in southern Hesse, Germany, 7 km east of Worms, and 17 km north of Mannheim. In 1981, the town hosted the 21st Hessentag state festival.

Lorsch
Lorsch (German pronunciation: [lɔʁʃ] ⓘ) is a town in the Bergstraße district in Hessen, Germany, 60 km south of Frankfurt. Lorsch is well known for the Lorsch Abbey, which has been named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Papaveraceae
The Papaveraceae (/pəˌpævəˈreɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), informally called the poppy family, are an economically important family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates (mostly in the northern hemisphere) like Eastern Asia as well as California in North America. It is almost unknown in the tropics. Most are herbaceous plants, but a few are shrubs and small trees. The family currently includes two groups that have been considered to be separate families: Fumariaceae and Pteridophyllaceae. Papaver is the classical name for poppy in Latin.

Papaver
Papaver /pəˈpeɪvər/ is a genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annuals, biennials, and perennials native to temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the type genus of the poppy family, Papaveraceae.
Rowan
The rowans (/ˈraʊənz/ ROW-ənz or /ˈroʊənz/ ROH-ənz) or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the  Himalaya, southern Tibet and parts of western China, where numerous apomictic microspecies occur. The name rowan was originally applied to the species Sorbus aucuparia and is also used for other species in the genus Sorbus.

Natural hybrids, often including S. aucuparia and the whitebeam, Aria edulis (syn. Sorbus aria), give rise to many endemic variants in the UK.

Whitebeam
The whitebeams are members of the family Rosaceae, tribe Malinae, comprising a number of deciduous simple or lobe-leaved species formerly lumped together within Sorbus s.l. Many whitebeams are the result of extensive intergeneric hybridisation involving the genera Sorbus (Sorbus aucuparia in particular), Aria, Torminalis and Chamaemespilus. As an effect, they are commonly apomicts (reproducing solely asexually) and many have very restricted ranges. The best known species is the common whitebeam (Aria edulis), a columnar tree which grows to 25 m (82 ft) tall by 10 m (33 ft) broad, with clusters of white flowers in spring followed by speckled red berries in autumn (fall).
Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug
60°1′16″N 30°6′15″E﻿ / ﻿60.02111°N 30.10417°E﻿ / 60.02111; 30.10417

Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug (Russian: муниципа́льный о́круг Ла́хта-О́льгино) is a municipal okrug of Primorsky District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, comprising that city's historical areas of Lakhta and Olgino. It is located just north of the Gulf of Finland. Population: 3,903 (2010 census); 2,901 (2002 census).

Olgino
59°59′30″N 30°7′41″E﻿ / ﻿59.99167°N 30.12806°E﻿ / 59.99167; 30.12806

Olgino (Russian: О́льгино) is a historical area in Lakhta-Olgino Municipal Okrug of St. Petersburg, Russia, located south-west of the area of Lakhta and east of Lisy Nos. This part of the Neva Bay coast was owned in the mid-19th century by Count Stenbock-Fermor, of Swedish provenance, who bestowed upon it the name of his wife Olga. In the early 20th century, Olgino emerged as a prosperous dacha village north of the Russian capital. Among its inhabitants was the poet Korney Chukovsky. Olgino was incorporated into the city of Leningrad in January 1963.

The gated community of "Versailles North" is located in the district.
Hypermodernism (chess)
Hypermodernism is a school of chess that emerged after World War I. It featured challenges to the chess ideas of central European masters, including Wilhelm Steinitz's approach to the centre and the rules established by Siegbert Tarrasch.

Aron Nimzowitsch
Aron Nimzowitsch (Latvian: Ārons Nimcovičs; Russian: Аро́н Иса́евич Нимцо́вич, Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Russian-born Danish chess player and writer.  In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My System (1925–1927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work Chess Praxis, originally published in Germany, in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion Tigran Petrosian and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player.
Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope
COAST, the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope, is a multi-element optical astronomical interferometer with baselines of up to 100 metres, which uses aperture synthesis to observe stars with angular resolution as high as one thousandth of one arcsecond (producing much higher resolution images than individual telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope). The principal limitation is that COAST can only image bright stars.

COAST was the first long-baseline interferometer to obtain high-resolution images of the surfaces of stars other than Sun (although the surfaces of other stars had previously been imaged at lower resolution using aperture masking interferometry on the William Herschel Telescope).

The COAST array was conceived by John E. Baldwin and is operated by the Cavendish Astrophysics Group. It is situated at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in Cambridgeshire, England.

Cavendish Astrophysics Group
The Cavendish Astrophysics Group (formerly the Radio Astronomy Group) is based at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge. The group operates all of the telescopes at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory except for the 32m MERLIN telescope, which is operated by Jodrell Bank.

The group is the second largest of three astronomy departments in the University of Cambridge.
Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet
The Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet was a widely used American aircraft engine. Developed by Pratt & Whitney, 2,944 were produced from 1926 through 1942. It first flew in 1927. It was a single-row, 9-cylinder air-cooled radial design. Displacement was 1,690 cubic inches (27.7 L). It was built under license in Italy as the Fiat A.59. In Germany, the BMW 132 was a developed version of this engine. The R-1860 Hornet B was an enlarged version produced from 1929.

Pratt & Whitney
Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation (especially airliners) and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. The company is the world's second largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 35% market share as of 2020. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbine engines for industrial use, marine propulsion, and power generation. In 2017, the company reported that it supported more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world.
Khronos Group
The Khronos Group, Inc. is an open standards organization that is driven by over 180 member companies developing, publishing and maintaining royalty-free interoperability standards for 3D graphics, virtual reality, augmented reality, parallel computation, vision acceleration and machine learning. The open standards and associated conformance tests enable software applications and middleware to effectively harness authoring and accelerated playback of dynamic media across a wide variety of platforms and devices. The group is based in Beaverton, Oregon.

Beaverton, Oregon
Beaverton is a city in the Tualatin Valley, located in Washington County in the U.S. state of Oregon, with a small portion bordering Portland. The city is among the main cities that make up the Portland metropolitan area. Its population was 97,494 at the 2020 census, making it the second most populous city in the county and the seventh-most populous city in Oregon. Beaverton is an economic center for Washington County along with neighboring Hillsboro.
Noon Hill (North West England)
Noon Hill is a hill on the border of the boroughs of Chorley, Blackburn with Darwen and Bolton, in North West England. It is located on Rivington Moor, Chorley and is 380 metres (1,247 ft) high. Part of the West Pennine Moors, it is a popular walking area, and is of significant historical interest. The summit of Noon Hill is home to a Bronze Age burial mound which is listed under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 as it appears to the Secretary of State to be of national importance.

Rivington
Rivington is a village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England, occupying 2,538 acres (4.0 sq mi; 10.3 km2). It is about 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Chorley and about 8+1⁄2 miles (13.7 km) northwest of Bolton.  Rivington is a rural area consisting primarily of agricultural grazing land, moorland, with hill summits including Rivington Pike and Winter Hill within the West Pennine Moors. The area has a thriving tourist industry centred around reservoirs created to serve Liverpool in the Victorian era and Lever Park created as a public park by William Lever at the turn of the 20th century, with two converted barns, a replica of Liverpool Castle and open countryside. Rivington and Blackrod High School is located here. Rivington and its village had a population of 109 at the 2011 Census.
Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics is the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics, known as physical mathematics.

Barry Simon
Barry Martin Simon  (born 16 April 1946)  is an American mathematical physicist and was the IBM professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Caltech, known for his prolific contributions in spectral theory, functional analysis, and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (particularly Schrödinger operators), including the connections to atomic and molecular physics. He has authored more than 400 publications on mathematics and physics.

His work has focused on broad areas of mathematical physics and analysis covering: quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, Brownian motion, random matrix theory, general nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (including N-body systems and resonances), nonrelativistic quantum mechanics in electric and magnetic fields, the semi-classical limit, the singular continuous spectrum, random and ergodic Schrödinger operators, orthogonal polynomials, and non-selfadjoint spectral theory.
Mabawa
Mabawa (Kata ya Mabawa , in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. The ward is bounded to the north by the wards of Makorora and Msambweni. East of here is Mzingani. The Tangasisi ward is to the south. Duga ward is to the west. The ward covers an area of 5.1 km2 (2.0 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 19 m (62 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 35,125.

Msambweni, Tanga City Council
Msambweni (Kata ya Msambweni , in Swahili) is an administrative ward in Tanga City Council of Tanga Region in Tanzania. Ngamiani Kusini forms the northern boundary of the ward. Makorora is the ward that is bordered to the east. The Mabawa and Duga ward is to the south. The Mwanzange is to the west. The ward covers an area of 0.7 km2 (0.27 sq mi), and has an average elevation of 18 m (59 ft). According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 9,610.
Hexahydroxybenzene trisoxalate
Hexahydroxybenzene trisoxalate is a chemical compound, an oxide of carbon with formula C12O12. Its molecule consists of a benzene core with the six hydrogen atoms replaced by three oxalate groups. It can be seen as a sixfold ester of benzenehexol and oxalic acid.

The compound was first described by H. S. Verter and R. Dominic in 1967.

Oxocarbon
In chemistry, an oxocarbon or oxide of carbon is a chemical compound consisting only of carbon and oxygen. The simplest and most common oxocarbons are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Many other stable (practically if not thermodynamically) or metastable oxides of carbon are known, but they are rarely encountered, such as carbon suboxide (C3O2 or O=C=C=C=O) and mellitic anhydride (C12O9).

Many other oxides are known today, most of them synthesized since the 1960s. Some of these new oxides are stable at room temperature. Some are metastable or stable only at very low temperatures, but decompose to simpler oxocarbons when warmed.  Many are inherently unstable and can be observed only momentarily as intermediates in chemical reactions or are so reactive that they exist only in gas phase or have only been detected by matrix isolation.

Graphene oxide and other stable polymeric carbon oxides with unbounded molecular structures exist.