hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Numerical analytic continuation
In many-body physics, the problem of analytic continuation is that of numerically extracting the spectral density of a Green function given its values on the imaginary axis. It is a necessary post-processing step for calculating dynamical properties of physical systems from Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, which often compute Green function values only at imaginary times or Matsubara frequencies.

Mathematically, the problem reduces to solving a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with an ill-conditioned kernel. As a result, it is an ill-posed inverse problem with no unique solution and where a small noise on the input leads to large errors in the unregularized solution. There are different methods for solving this problem including the maximum entropy method, the average spectrum method and Pade approximation methods.

Kramers–Kronig relations
The Kramers–Kronig relations, sometimes abbreviated as KK relations, are bidirectional mathematical relations, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function that is analytic in the upper half-plane. The relations are often used to compute the real part from the imaginary part (or vice versa) of response functions in physical systems, because for stable systems, causality implies the condition of analyticity, and conversely, analyticity implies causality of the corresponding stable physical system.  The relation is named in honor of Ralph Kronig and Hans Kramers. In mathematics, these relations are known by the names Sokhotski–Plemelj theorem and Hilbert transform.
Christoffer Bring
Christoffer Bring (born 17 November 1998) is a Danish professional golfer and European Tour player. He had a successful amateur career, winning both the 2021 European Amateur and the 2021 European Amateur Team Championship.

Jacques Léglise Trophy
The Jacques Léglise Trophy is an annual amateur boys' team golf competition between Great Britain & Ireland and the Continent of Europe. It was first played in 1977, as a one-day match before the Boys Amateur Championship, but since 1996 it has been played as a separate two-day match. The venue generally alternates between Great Britain and Ireland and the continent. From 1958 to 1966 a similar match was played between a combined England and Scotland team and the Continent of Europe.
Thornaby F.C.
Thornaby Football Club are a football club based in Thornaby-on-Tees, North Yorkshire, England. They play in the Northern League Division One, the ninth tier of the English football league system. They are owned by Durata UK, a leader in the critical power sector.

Thornaby have played all their games at Teesdale Park throughout their history, despite an arson attack in 2023. Thornaby wear blue shirts at home and are the only football club in the UK to host both men and women sides equally across social media and at the ground.

Thornaby-on-Tees
Thornaby-on-Tees, commonly referred to as Thornaby, is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, 41 miles (66 km) north of York and 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Middlesbrough. On the south bank of the River Tees, Thornaby falls within the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees and the Tees Valley area. The parish had a population of 24,741 at the 2011 census.

The town was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1892, during the Victorian era. The borough was abolished in 1968 on the creation of the County Borough of Teesside. A civil parish called Thornaby was re-created in 1996.

The modern centre was built on the north eastern part of Thornaby airfield and lies 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Stockton-on-Tees and 4 miles (6.4 km) south-west of Middlesbrough.
2013 Tasmania Microsoft Office 365
The 2013 Tasmania Microsoft Office 365 was a motor race meeting for the Australian sedan-based V8 Supercars. It was the second event of the 2013 International V8 Supercars Championship. It was held on the weekend of 5–7 April at the Symmons Plains Raceway, near Launceston, Tasmania.

The race meeting was the first to feature the new for 2013 format of a half-time concept in a motor race. The first of the meeting's three races was halted after 25 of 50 laps for a break of approximately 20 minutes before regridding and restarting.

2013 International V8 Supercars Championship
The 2013 International V8 Supercars Championship (often simplified to the 2013 V8 Supercars Championship) was a FIA-sanctioned international motor racing series for V8 Supercars. It was the fifteenth running of the V8 Supercars Championship and the seventeenth series in which V8 Supercars contested the premier Australian touring car title.

The 2013 season saw the introduction of the "New Generation V8 Supercar", a revision to the regulations which were designed to cut costs and to make the series more attractive to new manufacturers. Nissan and Mercedes-Benz also entered the series.

Holden teams competed with the new VF Commodore, which replaced the VE model, whilst Ford continued to use the FG Falcon.

Jamie Whincup successfully defended his drivers' championship title and Triple Eight Race Engineering won their fourth consecutive teams' championship.
Belgian men's 4 × 400 metres relay team
The Belgian men's 4 × 400 metres relay team, nicknamed the Belgian Tornados from July 2014 onwards, is the relay team of the Belgian national athletics team that has given the highest number of medals in international competitions, mainly thanks to the support of the Borlée family.

Kevin Borlée
Kevin Borlée (French pronunciation: [kevin bɔʁle]; born 22 February 1988) is a Belgian sprinter, who specializes in the 400 metres. He is a member of the Borlée family.

Borlée won bronze at the 2011 World Championships in the 400 m. He qualified for the finals of the 400 metres at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was also a semi-finalist at both the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2009 World Championships, and is the 2010 European Champion on this distance.

Borlée also competes with the Belgian 4 × 400 m relay team. The team won gold at the 2012, 2016 and 2018 European Championships, and the 2015 European Indoor Championships. The team finished 4th at the 2008 Summer Olympics, 4th at the 2009 World Championships, won silver at the 2010 World Indoor Championships and bronzes at the 2019 World Athletics Championships and the 2010 European Championships, 6th at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 4th at the 2016, 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics.
Crepidodera aurata
Crepidodera aurata also known as willow flea beetle, is a species of flea beetles from the Chrysomelidae family, described by Marsham in 1802. It can be found in Palearctic realm and to the east of Korea. Can be found in Wales.

Flea beetle
The flea beetle is any small, jumping beetle of the leaf beetle family (Chrysomelidae) that is part of the tribe Alticini, which is part of the subfamily Galerucinae. Historically the flea beetles were classified as their own subfamily.

Traditionally, the Alticini were separated from other Galerucinae by the presence of jumping hind legs, characterised by enlarged femora containing a spring structure allowing the flea beetles to jump. Recent phylogenetic studies suggest that jumping hind legs evolved multiple times in the Galerucinae, rather than once, and that several genera should be transferred between Alticini and Galerucinae sensu stricto (or Galerucini in some classifications).
J. W. Flanagan
James Winright Flanagan (September 5, 1805 – September 28, 1887) was an American merchant, lawyer, and farmer from Henderson, Texas. Although never officially inaugurated, he briefly served as the lieutenant governor of Texas in 1870, before leaving the position to represent Texas in the United States Senate from 1870 to 1875.

Lieutenant Governor of Texas
The lieutenant governor of Texas is the second-highest constitutional officer in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the second-highest rank in the state government, behind only the governor.

The lieutenant governor serves as the first person in the gubernatorial line of succession, as an ex officio member of several state boards, and as the president of the Texas Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors in the U.S., whose position in their respective state senates are largely ceremonial, the lieutenant governor of Texas plays an active role in running the chamber.

The lieutenant governor is elected every four years during the state's midterm elections. It is elected separately from the governor and has no term limits. The current lieutenant governor is Dan Patrick, who has served since January 20, 2015.
Hainrode
Hainrode (German pronunciation: [haɪnˈʁoːdə]) is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Südharz.

Südharz
Südharz (German pronunciation: [ˈzyːtˌhaːɐ̯ts], lit. 'South Harz')  is a municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Bennungen, Breitenstein, Breitungen, Dietersdorf, Drebsdorf, Hainrode, Hayn, Kleinleinungen, Questenberg (incl. Agnesdorf), Roßla (incl. Dittichenrode), Rottleberode, Schwenda and Uftrungen. Wickerode and the town Stolberg were added in September 2010. These 15 former municipalities are now Ortschaften or municipal divisions of Südharz.
Hessenberg matrix
In linear algebra, a Hessenberg matrix is a special kind of square matrix, one that is "almost" triangular. To be exact, an upper Hessenberg matrix has zero entries below the first subdiagonal, and a lower Hessenberg matrix has zero entries above the first superdiagonal. They are named after Karl Hessenberg.

A Hessenberg decomposition is a matrix decomposition of a matrix  into a unitary matrix  and a Hessenberg matrix  such that  where  denotes the conjugate transpose.

Jacobi operator
A Jacobi operator, also known as Jacobi matrix, is a symmetric linear operator acting on sequences which is given by an infinite tridiagonal matrix. It is commonly used to specify systems of orthonormal polynomials over a finite, positive Borel measure. This operator is named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.

The name derives from a theorem from Jacobi, dating to 1848, stating that every symmetric matrix over a principal ideal domain is congruent to a tridiagonal matrix.
Pressure Sounds
Pressure Sounds is a British DIY record label, specialising in releasing reggae music. Run by Pete Holdsworth, it is one of the most enduring reggae labels in the UK, specialising in reissuing obsolete tunes.  It was originally a subsidiary of On-U Sound.

A couple of labels are closely associated with PS:

Maximum Pressure which specialises in 1980s dancehall;

Green Tea, which releases a broad variety of reggae music.

Prince Far I
Prince Far I (23 March 1945 – 15 September 1983) was a Jamaican reggae deejay and producer, and a Rastafarian. He was known for his gruff voice and critical assessment of the Jamaican government.  His track "Heavy Manners" used lyrics about government measures initiated at the time against violent crime.
Drayton McLane
Drayton McLane Jr. (born July 22, 1936) is an American billionaire businessman. He is chairman of the McLane Group, a holding company with a portfolio of various diverse enterprises. He was, until 1990, the CEO of the McLane Company, a grocery and food service warehouse, supply, and logistics firm, and was, from 1993 until 2011, the chairman and CEO of Major League Baseball's Houston Astros. As of October 2021, his net worth was estimated at US$2.9 billion.

Jim Crane
James Robert Crane (born January 17, 1954) is an American businessman. Crane is chairman and chief executive of Crane Capital Group, Crane Worldwide Logistics, and Crane Freight and Shipping. He is also the owner and chairman of the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). Under his ownership, the Astros have won two World Series championships (2017, 2022).
Stone Fleet (New South Wales)
The Stone Fleet was the colloquial name for the small coastal ships that carried crushed-stone construction aggregate ('blue metal')  to Sydney from the Illawarra ports of Kiama and Shellharbour and the nearby ocean jetties at Bombo and Bass Point.

The coastal shipping trade carried on by these ships was known colloquially as the 'Stone Trade' or 'Blue Diamond Trade'. The trade ended finally in 2011.

Bombo Headland Quarry Geological Site
Bombo Headland Quarry Geological Site is a heritage-listed former quarry and now geological site located on a coastal headland at Bombo, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Lightstreet, Pennsylvania
Lightstreet is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 1,098 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area. The CDP is named after a street in Baltimore.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Birchs Inlet
The Birchs Inlet, also spelt Birch's Inlet or Birches Inlet, is a narrow cove or coastal inlet on the south-western side of Macquarie Harbour on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. The inlet is located within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

Macquarie Harbour
Macquarie Harbour is a shallow fjord in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. It is approximately 315 square kilometres (122 mi2), and has an average depth of 15 metres (49 ft), with deeper places up to 50 metres (160 ft). It is navigable by shallow-draft vessels. The main channel is kept clear by the presence of a rock wall on the outside of the channel's curve. This man-made wall prevents erosion and keeps the channel deep and narrow, rather than allowing the channel to become wide and shallow. A reported Aboriginal name for the harbour is Parralaongatek.

The harbour was named in honour of Scottish Major General Lachlan Macquarie, the fifth Colonial Governor of New South Wales.
Talango Island
Talango Island is an island lying off the southeast coast of Madura, in East Java, in Indonesia. It forms an administrative district (kecamatan) within Sumenep Regency. It covers an area of 50.27 km2, and had a population of 38,563 according to the official estimates for mid 2021. The inhabitants predominantly speak Madurese.

The island is administratively composed of 8 villages (desa), listed below with their areas and their populations in mid 2021.

Padike 5.70 km2 (5,152)

Cabbiya 5.41 km2 (2,859)

Essang 5.49 km2 (3,514)

Kombang 6.31 km2 (3,316)

Poteran 6.00 km2 (4,415)

Palasa 8.43 km2 (4,728)

Gapurana 9.28 km2 (8,290)

Talango 3.67 km2 (6,289)

Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island has an area of about 4,471.05 square kilometres (1,726.28 mi2), but administratively Madura comprises an area of around 5,408.45 square kilometres (2,088.21 mi2) due to the inclusion of various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are part of Madura's easternmost Sumenep Regency. Madura is part of the province of East Java. It is separated from Java by the narrow Madura Strait. The administered area had a density of 773 people per km2 (2,003 per sq. mile) in mid-2024, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 862.3 per km2 (2,233 per sq. mile).
Mark Jonathan Harris
Mark Jonathan Harris (born October 28, 1941) is an American documentary filmmaker, writer, and educator known for his award-winning work in the documentary genre. Over the course of his career, Harris has earned three Academy Awards and numerous accolades for his contributions to filmmaking and education. He served as a distinguished professor and head of advanced documentary production at the USC School of Cinematic Arts, where he taught from 1983 until his retirement in 2023. Harris is also an accomplished author, having written five children's novels and a collection of short stories.

The Redwoods
The Redwoods is a 1967 American short documentary film produced by Trevor Greenwood and Mark Jonathan Harris. It was produced for the Sierra Club as part of their campaign for a national park to protect the redwood forest. In 1968, it won an Oscar at the 40th Academy Awards for Documentary Short Subject.
Shin-Ōhirashita Station
Shin-Ōhirashita Station (新大平下駅, Shin-Ōhirashita-eki) is a railway station in the city of Tochigi, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tōbu Railway. The station is numbered "TN-10".

Tochigi (city)
Tochigi (栃木市, Tochigi-shi) is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 June 2023,  the city had an estimated population of 151,842 in 66,018 households, and a population density of 458 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 331.50 square kilometres (127.99 sq mi). Because the city escaped war damage during World War II, many historical temples, traditional shops and kura (Japanese traditional storehouses) remain in the city center. The city was awarded the "Utsukushii-machinami Taisho" prize from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in 2009.
Nanbargal
Nanbargal (transl. Friends) is a 1991 Indian Tamil-language romance film written and directed by Shobha Chandrasekhar in her directorial debut and produced by her son Vijay. It stars Neeraj and Mamta Kulkarni, with Vivek, Dinesh, G. M. Sundar and Shily Kapoor in supporting roles. Its songs were composed by Babul Bose, and the score was composed by Sangeetha Rajan. The film did well at the box-office and was remade in Hindi as Mera Dil Tere Liye by Shoba's husband S. A. Chandrasekhar.

Mera Dil Tere Liye
Mera Dil Tere Liye (transl. My heart is for you) is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language film, directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar and produced by Mrs. Shohreh Bhagat. The film stars Neeraj and Mamta Kulkarni with Gopi Bhalla, Dinesh, Shily Kapoor and Arun Verma in supporting roles. The film was a remake of the Tamil film Nanbargal.
West Point, Kentucky
West Point is a home rule-class city in Hardin County, Kentucky, United States, near the edge of Fort Knox military reservation on Dixie Highway. It is located in a former meander bend of the Ohio River. The population was 952 as of the 2020 Census, up from 797 from the 2010 census, but still down from 1,100 at the 2000 census.

West Point is part of the Elizabethtown–Fort Knox Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Hardin County, Kentucky
Hardin County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. Its county seat is Elizabethtown. The county was formed in 1792. Hardin County is part of the Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Louisville/Jefferson County—Elizabethtown-Bardstown, KY-IN Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 110,702.

Hardin County is known for being the birthplace of former U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, though the location is now part of neighboring LaRue County.
James Swallow
James Swallow is a British author. A BAFTA nominee and a New York Times, Sunday Times and Amazon #1 best-seller, he is the author of several original books and tie-in novels, as well as short fiction, numerous audio dramas and video games.

His writing includes the Marc Dane series of action thrillers, the Sundowners series of Western fiction steampunk novels, and fiction from the worlds of Star Trek, Warhammer 40,000, Doctor Who, 24, Stargate, 2000 AD and many more. He has won Scribe Awards for novels and audio dramas based on Star Trek, Watch Dogs: Legion, Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell and Star Cops. He lives and works in London.

In 2022, Capstone Pictures acquired film rights for the Marc Dane series.

Judge Dredd
Judge Joseph Dredd is a fictional character created by writer John Wagner and artist Carlos Ezquerra. He first appeared in the second issue of the British weekly anthology comic 2000 AD (1977). He is the magazine's longest-running character, and in 1990 he got his own title, the Judge Dredd Megazine. He also appears in a number of film and video game adaptations.

Judge Dredd is a law enforcement and judicial officer in the dystopian future city of Mega-City One, which covers most of the east coast of North America. He is a "street judge", empowered to summarily arrest, convict, sentence, and execute criminals. Judge Dredd stories often satirise American and British culture, with a focus on authoritarianism and police brutality.

Judge Dredd made his live-action debut in 1995 in Judge Dredd, portrayed by Sylvester Stallone. Later, he was portrayed by Karl Urban in the 2012 adaptation Dredd. In audio dramas by Big Finish Productions, Dredd is voiced by Toby Longworth.
Plarail
Plarail (プラレール, Purarēru) is a toy train and plastic track system made by Tomy and introduced in Japan in 1959. It was expanded into a battery-operated electric toy train system in October 1961. Plarail is not compatible with most other brands of model railway, although as it has a similar rail gauge to the wooden toy train systems, rolling stock may run on both systems to some degree. Is used with Disney, Thomas the Tank Engine, Enchoen Plarail, Nashikkokan Plarail.

Tomy
Tomy Company, Ltd. (株式会社タカラトミー, Kabushikigaisha Takara Tomī) (trading as Takara Tomy in Asia and Tomy elsewhere) is a Japanese toy company. It was established in 1924 by Eiichirō Tomiyama as Tomiyama Toy Manufacturing Company (富山玩具製作所), became known for creating popular toys like the B-29  friction toy and luck-based game Pop-up Pirate. In 2006, Tomy merged with another toy manufacturer, Takara, and although the English company name remained the same, it became Takara Tomy in Asia. It has its headquarters in Katsushika, Tokyo.
Seeiso of Basutoland
Seeiso, full name Simon Seeiso Griffith (1905 – 26 December 1940) was the paramount chief of Basutoland from 23 June 1939 until his death. He was the father of King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho and the paternal grandfather of king Letsie III of Lesotho.

Monarchy of Lesotho
The monarchy of Lesotho is the form of government used by Lesotho (also known as Basutoland until 1966) by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the Constitution. The monarch is styled as Marena; in Sotho language, Marena is the plural of the common noun Kings, where Morena is the singular for King.

The monarch since 7 February 1996 is King Letsie III, who ascended the throne on the death of King Moshoeshoe II, his father. It is the second reign of Letsie III; his first reign lasted from 12 November 1990 to 25 January 1995.
2012 in Fight Nights Global
The year 2012 was the third year in the history of the Fight Nights Global, a mixed martial arts and kickboxing promotion based in Russia. It started broadcasting through a television agreement with  REN TV.

AMC Fight Nights
AMC Fight Nights (or Fight Nights Global before 2021) is a Russian mixed martial arts organization that previously hosted K-1 and other martial arts events. It is one of the largest promotion companies in the world and features some of the top-ranking fighters of the sport.

Fight Nights Global produces events worldwide, with the first one being held in 2010 in Moscow. As of 2018, Fight Nights Global has held over 80 events in different cities: Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Rostov-On-Don, Perm, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Sochi, Bryansk, Kostroma, Nizhnevartovsk, Kaspiysk, Astana, Elista, Grozny, Dushanbe, Minsk and more.

In different years the company's shows featured Fedor Emelianenko, Batu Khasikov, Vitaly Minakov, Rasul Mirzaev, Ali Bagautinov, Vladimir Mineev, Andrei Arlovski, Alexander Shlemenko, Shamil Zavurov, Murad Machaev, Gasan Umalatov, Antônio Silva, Viktor Pešta, Fábio Maldonado and many other mixed martial artists.