hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Godfrey of Heinsberg, Count of Loon
Godfrey de Heinsberg (died 1395), Lord of Daelenbroeck, Count of Looz and Count of Chiny (1361–1362), son of John of Heinsberg, Lord of Daelenbroeck (brother of the preceding count Thierry de Heinsberg).

Counts of Chiny
The Counts of Chiny were part of the nobility of Lotharingia that ruled from the 9th to the 14th century in what is now part of Belgium.

It has been proposed that the County of Chiny was created in the early 10th century out of the ancient county of Ivois.  The county now forms part of the province of Luxembourg in present-day Belgium.  The County of Chiny included the present-day towns of Chiny, Virton, Étalle, Florenville, Neufchâteau, Montmédy and Carignan, as well as the castles of Warcq on the Meuse, which was built in 971 by Otto, ancestor of the later Counts of Chiny.

It has also been proposed that there is a close relationship between the Counts of Chiny and the early counts of Looz, the counts of Verdun and the bishops of Verdun.

The family of the counts of Chiny merged with the family of the counts of Looz. The final count of Chiny, Arnold IV de Rumingy, sold the county to the duke of Luxembourg, ending a dynasty of five hundred years.
Grand Opera House (Manhattan)
Pike's Opera House, later renamed the Grand Opera House, was a theater in New York City on the northwest corner of 8th Avenue and 23rd Street, in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. It was constructed in 1868, at a cost of a million dollars (equivalent to about 23.6 million US dollars in 2024), for distiller and entrepreneur Samuel N. Pike (1822–1872) of Cincinnati. The building survived in altered form until 1960 as an RKO movie theater, after which it was replaced by part of Penn South, an urban renewal housing development.: 599

23rd Street (Manhattan)
23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid. As with Manhattan's other "crosstown" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue. The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.

23rd Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. The street hosts several famous hotels, including the Fifth Avenue Hotel and Hotel Chelsea, as well as many theaters. Several skyscrapers are located on 23rd Street, including the Flatiron Building, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, and One Madison.
Sahle Selassie
Sahle Selassie (Amharic: ሣህለ ሥላሴ, 1795 – 22 October 1847) was the King of Shewa from 1813 to 1847. An important Amhara noble of Ethiopia, he was a younger son of Wossen Seged. Sahle Selassie was the father of numerous sons, among them Haile Melekot, Haile Mikael, Seyfe Sahle Selassie, Amarkegne and Darge Sahle Selassie; his daughters included Tenagnework, Ayahilush, Wossenyelesh, Birkinesh, and Tinfelesh. He was the great-grandfather of Haile Selassie, the last Emperor of Ethiopia.

Gurage people
Gurage (/ɡʊəˈrɑːɡeɪ/, Gurage: ጉራጌ) are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting Ethiopia. They inhabit the Gurage Zone and East Gurage Zone, a fertile, semi-mountainous region in Central Ethiopia Regional State, about 125 kilometers southwest of Addis Ababa, bordering the Awash River in the north, the Gibe River, a tributary of the Omo River, to the southwest, and Hora-Dambal in the east.

According to the 2007 Ethiopian national census, the Gurage can also be found in substantial numbers in Addis Ababa, Oromia Region, Harari Region and Dire Dawa.

Historically, they trace their migration from ጉራዕ(Gura) and some oral traditions linking them to ancient Sheba and South Arabia.
2007 Metro Manila Film Festival
The 33rd Metro Manila Film Festival ran from December 25, 2007 to January 7, 2008.

Maricel Soriano, Jinggoy Estrada and the movie, Resiklo topped the 2007 Metro Manila Film Festival. Soriano and Estrada took home the Best Actress and Best Actor awards for their performances in the films Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po! and Katas ng Saudi respectively. Ramon "Bong" Revilla, Jr.'s Resiklo won eight awards including the Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for Roi Vinzon among others. Second-consecutive winners Nash Aguas and Jose Javier Reyes received the Best Child Performer and Best Screenplay respectively.

Other awardees include Best Director for Cesar Apolinario, Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Supporting Actress for Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po!'s Eugene Domingo, and Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Awards for both Bahay Kubo: A Pinoy Mano Po! and Katas ng Saudi.

Resiklo
Resiklo (lit. 'Recycle') is a 2007 Filipino post-apocalyptic science fiction film written and directed by Mark A. Reyes and starring Ramon "Bong" Revilla Jr., Dingdong Dantes, and Jennylyn Mercado. It is the entry of Revilla's outfit, Imus Productions, to the 2007 Metro Manila Film Festival.
Can Tho University
Can Tho University (Vietnamese: Đại học Cần Thơ) is a public research university in Can Tho, Vietnam. Established in 1966, it is a multidisciplinary university and a leading university in the Mekong Delta. Can Tho University is a leading agricultural research center in Vietnam. Can Tho University has nine colleges and three research institutes. Its goal is to be one of the leading higher education institutions in Vietnam and to be recognised as one of the top universities in the Asia-Pacific region in training and research by 2022.

Cần Thơ
Cần Thơ (Vietnamese pronunciation: [kə̀n tʰə̄ː] ⓘ) is the fourth-largest city in Vietnam, and the largest city along the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam. It is noted for its floating markets, Bánh tráng-making village, and picturesque rural canals. It has a population of around 4,199,824 as of 2024, and is located on the south bank of the Hậu River, a distributary of the Mekong River.

The city is nicknamed the "Western Metropolis" (Tây Đô / 西都), and is located 169 kilometres (105 miles) from Hồ Chí Minh City.
PogChamps
PogChamps is a series of online amateur chess tournaments hosted by Chess.com. Players in the tournament are internet personalities, primarily Twitch streamers. The first four PogChamps tournaments took place over the course of two weeks, while the fifth iteration lasted four weeks. The first and second PogChamps had prize pools of $50,000 each, and later editions had prize pools of $100,000 each.

Cr1TiKaL
Charles Christopher White Jr. (born August 2, 1994), better known as Cr1TiKaL, MoistCr1TiKaL, or penguinz0, is an American YouTuber, streamer and actor. He is best known for his commentary videos and live streams covering internet culture and video games. His content is mostly characterized by his monotonous voice, white shirt, deadpan comedic style, and long hair, which has earned him the nickname of "Internet Jesus".: 2:28  In addition, White was the co-founder and co-owner of the esports organization Moist Esports, is currently the co-owner of Shopify Rebellion and is also a co-founder and member of the musical duo the Gentle Men.

As of July 2025, White's YouTube channel has received over 12 billion views and 17.5 million subscribers, averaging 151.4 million views per month on the platform; his Twitch channel has received over 5.7 million followers and over 59.32 million views.
Harald Szeemann
Harald Szeemann (11 June 1933 – 18 February 2005) was a Swiss curator, artist, and art historian. Having curated more than 200 exhibitions, many of which have been characterized as groundbreaking, Szeemann is said to have helped redefine the role of an art curator.
It is believed that Szeemann elevated curating to a legitimate art form itself.

Getty Research Institute
The Getty Research Institute (GRI), located at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California, is "dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts".

A program of the J. Paul Getty Trust, GRI maintains a research library, organizes exhibitions and other events, sponsors a residential scholars program, publishes books, and produces electronic databases (Getty Publications).
Ernesto Halffter
Ernesto Halffter Escriche (16 January 1905 – 5 July 1989) was a Spanish composer and conductor.  He was the brother of Rodolfo Halffter and part of the Grupo de los Ocho (English: Group of Eight), which formed a sub-set of the Generation of '27.

Generation of '27
The Generation of '27 (Spanish: Generación del 27) was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927, essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant-garde forms of art and poetry. Their first formal meeting took place in Seville in 1927 to mark the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque poet Luis de Góngora. Writers and intellectuals paid homage at the Ateneo de Sevilla, which retrospectively became the foundational act of the movement.
Savva Mamontov
Savva Ivanovich Mamontov (Russian: Савва Иванович Мамонтов, IPA: [ˈsavə ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ˈmaməntəf]; 15 October [O.S. 3 October] 1841, Yalutorovsk – 6 April 1918, Moscow) was a Russian industrialist, merchant, entrepreneur and patron of the arts.

Abramtsevo Colony
Abramtsevo (Russian: Абра́мцево) is a former country estate and now museum-reserve located north of Moscow, in the proximity of Khotkovo, that became a centre for the Slavophile movement and an artists' colony in the 19th century. The estate is located in the village of Abramtsevo, in Sergiyevo-Posadsky District of Moscow Oblast. The Abramtsevo Museum-reserve site is an object of cultural heritage in Russia.
Jensen Beach Christian Church
The Jensen Beach Christian Church, originally known as the Jensen Union Church, is an historic church building located at 1890 N.E. Church Street in Jensen Beach, Florida. Built in the Gothic Revival style between 1910 and 1912 of site manufactured concrete blocks cast to look like stones, it was designed to serve the needs of local Protestants. Its pulpit and pews, which are still in use, were donated by Henry Morrison Flagler, the developer of the Florida East Coast Railway, whose mainline still runs through Jensen Beach less than a block west of the church.

On June 7, 2010, the Jensen Beach Christian Church was added to the Martin County Historic Register by the Martin County Historic Preservation Board.

Jensen Beach, Florida
Jensen Beach is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,652 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Port St. Lucie, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Carlingford railway line
The Carlingford railway line is a former heavy rail line in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was opened from Clyde to Rosehill Racecourse (later renamed Rosehill) in January 1888, then by means of the construction of a bridge across the Parramatta River, to Carlingford in April 1896. It closed on 5 January 2020 with most of the line converted to be part of Parramatta Light Rail which opened in December 2024. A short section of the line was retained for use by Sydney Trains.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the brand name and operator of suburban and intercity train services in and around Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The metropolitan part of the network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core. It covers 369 km (229 mi) of route length over 919 km (571 mi) of track, with 169 stations on nine lines.

The network has frequencies of 5–10 minutes at peak-time at most inner-city and major stations, and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent. Nearly the entire fleet consists of bilevel electric multiple unit trains.

The network is managed by Transport for NSW and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2024–25, 270 million passenger journeys were made on the suburban network, making it the most-used rail network in Australia.
Refshaleøen, Copenhagen
Refshaleøen is a former industrial site in the harbor of Copenhagen, Denmark, originally on a separate island but now annexed to the larger island of Amager. For more than a hundred years, it was home to the shipyard Burmeister & Wain, which closed in 1996.

Amager
Amager (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑˌmɑˀ] or, especially among older speakers, [ˈɑˌmɛˀɐ]), located in the Øresund, is Denmark's most densely populated island, with 225,746 inhabitants (January 2025). Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population.

Amager is home to parts of Copenhagen including Freetown Christiania, as well as Copenhagen Airport. The island is connected to the much larger island of Zealand (Sjælland) by eight bridges and a metro tunnel, and to Sweden via the Øresund Bridge.
Gymnasium (ancient Greece)
The gymnasium (Ancient Greek: γυμνάσιον, romanized: gymnásion) in Ancient Greece functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. It was also a place for socializing and engaging in intellectual pursuits. The name comes from the Ancient Greek term gymnós, meaning "naked" or "nude". Only adult male citizens were allowed to use the gymnasia.

Athletes competed nude, a practice which was said to encourage aesthetic appreciation of the male body, and to be a tribute to the gods. Gymnasia and palaestrae (wrestling schools) were under the protection and patronage of Heracles, Hermes and, in Athens, Theseus.

Laws (dialogue)
The Laws (Ancient Greek: Νόμοι) is Plato's last and longest dialogue. The conversation depicted in the work's twelve books begins with the question of who is given the credit for establishing a civilization's laws. Its musings on the ethics of government and law have frequently been compared to Plato's more widely read Republic. Some scholars see this as the work of Plato as an older man having failed in his effort to guide the rule of the tyrant Dionysius II of Syracuse. These events are alluded to in the Seventh Letter. The text is noteworthy as the only Platonic dialogue not to feature Socrates.
Pine Island, Minnesota
Pine Island is a city in Goodhue and Olmsted counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Most of Pine Island is in Goodhue County, but a small part extends into Olmsted County, making that portion part of the Rochester metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,769.

The community has a strong agricultural base, but has been transitioning over time into a bedroom community for nearby Rochester, which employs many local residents. It is also the site of Minnesota's first diverging diamond interchange.

Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota
The Rochester metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of four counties in southeast Minnesota, Dodge, Fillmore, Olmsted, and Wabasha. The principal city is Rochester, the city, which has a population of 121,395.

A July 1, 2024 census estimate placed the population at 230,742, an increase of 1.95% from the 2020 census, an increase of 11.54% from the 2010 census, and an increase of 24.90% from the 2000 census.
Interpretation of the Greco-Turkish Agreement
Interpretation of the Greco-Turkish Agreement refers to an advisory opinion issued by the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) under the League of Nations. The case involved a dispute over the implementation of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, particularly the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey and the resolution of disputes arising from the process.

Greco-Turkish Mixed Arbitral Tribunal
The Greco-Turkish Mixed Arbitral Tribunal was an international judicial body established under the Greco-Turkish Agreement of December 1, 1926, to resolve legal disputes arising from the compulsory population exchange between Greece and Turkey. It operated under the supervision of the League of Nations and played a crucial role in addressing conflicts related to property restitution, compensation claims, and jurisdictional disagreements stemming from the exchange.
Auvert Bay
Auvert Bay is a bay 8 miles (13 km) wide, indenting the coast for 3 miles (5 km) between Cape Evensen and Cape Bellue, along the northwest coast of Stresher Peninsula, Graham Land in Antarctica. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, and named "Baie Auvert" ("bay far from anywhere").

66°14′S 65°45′W﻿ / ﻿66.233°S 65.750°W﻿ / -66.233; -65.750

Stresher Peninsula
Stresher Peninsula (Bulgarian: полуостров Стрешер, romanized: poluostrov Stresher, IPA: [poɫuˈɔstrof ˈstrɛʃɛr]; 66°16′10″S 65°26′40″W﻿ / ﻿66.26944°S 65.44444°W﻿ / -66.26944; -65.44444) is the predominantly ice-covered rectangular peninsula 30 km wide and projecting 24 km northwestwards from Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. It is bounded by Holtedahl Bay to the northeast, Auvert Bay to the northwest and Darbel Bay to the southwest. Its west extremity Cape Bellue separates Graham Coast to the northeast from Loubet Coast to the southwest. Lawson Peak is a peak 3.5 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Cape Evensen.

The feature is named after Stresher Peak in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.
Gottfried von Bismarck
Count Gottfried Alexander Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen (Gottfried Alexander Leopold Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen in German; 19 September 1962 – 29 June 2007) was a German businessman, socialite and member of the princely German House of Bismarck. Bismarck was noted for his flamboyant lifestyle that some called ‘dissolute’ after he died,  and his homes were linked to two deaths from narcotics, but he was not found responsible for either. He died of a cocaine overdose in 2007.

House of Bismarck
The House of Bismarck is a German noble family, a member of the Uradel, that rose to prominence in the 19th century, largely through the achievements of the statesman Otto von Bismarck. He was granted a hereditary comital title in 1865, the hereditary title of Prince of Bismarck in 1871, and the non-hereditary title of Duke of Lauenburg in 1890. Several of Otto von Bismarck's descendants, notably his elder son Herbert, Prince of Bismarck, have also been politicians.
Anemopsis
The monotypic genus Anemopsis has only one species, Anemopsis californica, with the common names yerba mansa or lizard tail.

It is a perennial herb in the lizard tail family (Saururaceae) and prefers very wet soil or shallow water.

Saururaceae
Saururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard's-tail family". The APG IV system (2016; unchanged from the 2009 APG III system, the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system) assigned it to the order Piperales in the clade magnoliids.
35th Combined Arms Army
The 35th Combined Arms Red Banner Army (Russian: 35-я общевойсковая армия) is a field army of the Russian Ground Forces. The army was first formed in July 1941 with the Far Eastern Front. After spending most of World War II guarding the border in Primorsky Krai, the army fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and was disbanded shortly after the end of the war. Reformed at Belogorsk when Sino-Soviet tensions rose in the late 1960s in the Far East, the army became part of the Eastern Military District in 2010.

38th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 38th Guards Vitebskaya Order of Lenin Red Banner Order of Suvorov Motor Rifle Brigade is a mechanized infantry brigade of the Russian Ground Forces, part of the Eastern Military District. Military Unit в/ч 21720.

The brigade was formed during the 2009 Russian military reforms from the 21st Guards Motor Rifle Division of the Far East Military District, formed from the Red Army 31st Guards Rifle Division, an infantry division of World War II which subsequently became a motor-rifle, a tank division and then back to a motor-rifle division. The division was disbanded in 2009 and its traditions inherited by the 38th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, formed from at least one of its regiments.
Rockwell hardness test
The Rockwell hardness test is a hardness test based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRB, HRC, etc., where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale. Larger numbers correspond to harder materials.

When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates linearly with tensile strength.

Indentation hardness
Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or microscopic scale.

When testing metals, indentation hardness correlates roughly linearly with tensile strength, but it is an imperfect correlation often limited to small ranges of strength and hardness for each indentation geometry. This relation permits economically important nondestructive testing of bulk metal deliveries with lightweight, even portable equipment, such as hand-held Rockwell hardness testers.
Samford University
Samford University is a private Christian university in Homewood, Alabama, United States. Homewood is an inner-suburb of Birmingham. Samford was founded by Baptists in 1841 as Howard College and located until 1887 in Marion, Alabama. It is governed by an independent board of trustees, which requires board members to be Baptists.

In fall 2025, the university enrolled 6,324 students from 44 states, 1 U.S. territory, and 16 other countries, marking the 17th consecutive record-setting year for enrollment.

Southern Progress Corporation
Southern Progress Corporation, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a publisher of lifestyle magazines and books owned by IAC's Dotdash Meredith.

The company publishes such magazines as Southern Living, Cooking Light, Health and Coastal Living.
Killickia
Killickia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Described in 2008, the genus includes three species that were formerly placed in Micromeria section Hesperothymus, although it more closely resembles Clinopodium in habit and leaf shape.

Killickia is endemic to the grassland of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg mountains and midlands.

Species:

Killickia compacta (Killick) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Killickia grandiflora (Killick) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Killickia lutea Bräuchler

Killickia pilosa (Benth.) Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko

Killickia compacta
Killickia compacta is a rare species of Killickia sometimes called matting bergmint. It is endemic to South Africa′s KwaZulu-Natal province, and is found in only two locations in the central Drakensberg mountains around Cathkin Peak, at around 2,300 m (7,500 ft) in altitude. Although highly localised, it is not considered threatened.
Francisco Bulnes
Francisco Bulnes (4 October 1847 – 22 September 1924) was a Mexican scientist, journalist, and politician who figured among the Científicos, the Mexican intelligentsia who supported the authoritarian presidency of Porfirio Díaz. He was a critic of the Mexican Revolution.

Científico
The Científicos (from Spanish: "scientists" or "those scientifically oriented") were a circle of technocratic advisors to President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz.
Steeped in the positivist "scientific politics", they functioned as part of his program of modernization at the start of the 20th century.