hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bemdzabuko
The Bemdzabuko (also called Bemdzabu; Siswati: meaning "original Swazi people") is a term historically used during Eswatini's precolonial settlement and expansion to refer to the "original" Swazi people. It distinguished them from groups within the  Nguni ethnic identity that were already settled in the Eswatini area, known as the Emakhandzambili and from later arrivals, referred to as Emafikamuva ("those who came after the Bemdzabuko had settled").

Notable clans among the Bemdzabuko include the Dlamini, Mhlanga, Madonsela, Mavuso, Fakudze, Hlophe, Mabuza, Simelane, Matsebula, Thwala, Ngwenya, Manana, Sihlongonyane, Nkonyane and Mkhabela.

Emakhandzambili
The Emakhandzambili (Siswati: meaning "those found ahead") refers to the groups that were already settled in the  Eswatini region prior to the migration of the Dlamini-led Swazi people.

The Emakhandzambili were primarily of Sotho and Tsonga origin  and were incorporated into the Swazi polity by the Bemdzabuko ("original Swazis") during the 18th and 19th centuries when the Kingdom of Eswatini was rising. The term also distinguished the Emakhandzambili from the Emafikamuva ("those who came later").

Prominent Emakhandzambili clans include the Maseko, Magagula, Mnisi, Makhubu, Mashinini, Msimango, Motsa, Mahlangu, Gwebu, Bhembe, Zwane, Shongwe, Tsabetse, Shabalala, Maziya, Sifundza and Ngcampalala. These clans were integrated into the Swazi kingdom and their inclusion expanded the kingdom’s manpower and influence.
M-201 (Michigan highway)
M-201 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that serves as a spur route for the village of Northport near the northern tip of Leelanau County. The trunkline zig-zags through to provide a path through the village, connecting with the county road that provides access to Leelanau State Park. The highway was first shown on state maps in the late 1940s, and remains unchanged since.

Leelanau County, Michigan
Leelanau County (/ˈliːlənɔː/ LEE-lə-naw) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 22,301. Since 2008, the county seat has been located within Suttons Bay Township, one mile east of the unincorporated village of Lake Leelanau. Before 2008, Leelanau County's seat was Leland. Leelanau County is included in the Traverse City metropolitan area of Northern Michigan. The largest settlement in Leelanau County by population is Greilickville, itself a suburb of Traverse City.

Leelanau County is coterminous with the Leelanau Peninsula, a roughly triangular-shaped peninsula that extends about 30 miles (50 km) off Michigan's Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan. East of Leelanau County is Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan.

In 2011, the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, located in the county, won the title of "Most Beautiful Place in America" in a poll by morning news show Good Morning America.
Bingham Road railway station
Bingham Road railway station was in Addiscombe, Croydon on the Woodside and South Croydon Joint Railway. It was opened on 1 September 1906 on the north side of Bingham Road, with two wooden platforms without buildings and was closed on 15 March 1915 as a wartime economy measure. A new station on the south side of Bingham Road was opened in 1935 and finally closed in 1983. The modern Addiscombe tram stop (open 2000) at ground level is situated at the location of the first halt closed in 1915 which was situated on an embankment above the present site.

Addiscombe
Addiscombe /ˈædɪskəm/ is an area of south London, England, within the London Borough of Croydon. It is located 9.1 miles (15 km) south of Charing Cross, and is situated north of Coombe and Selsdon, east of Croydon town centre, south of Woodside, and west of Shirley.
West Northamptonshire Council
West Northamptonshire Council is the local authority for West Northamptonshire, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. The council has been under Reform UK majority control since the 2025 election. Full council meetings are generally held at Northampton Guildhall, and the council's main offices are at One Angel Square in Northampton.

North Northamptonshire Council
North Northamptonshire Council is the local authority for North Northamptonshire, a local government district in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. It is a unitary authority, being a district council which also performs the functions of a county council. The council is based at The Cube in Corby. It has been under Reform UK majority control since the 2025 election.
Battle of Maychew
The Battle of Maychew (Italian: Mai Ceu) was the last major battle fought on the northern front during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of a failed counterattack by the Ethiopian forces under Emperor Haile Selassie making frontal assaults against prepared Italian defensive positions under the command of Marshal Pietro Badoglio. The battle was fought near Maychew (Mai Ceu), Ethiopia, in the modern region of Tigray.

Maychew
Maychew, also Maichew (Tigrinya: ማይጨው, "salt water"), is a town and woreda in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. It is located at 665 km north of Addis Ababa along Ethiopian Highway 2. According to Ethiopia’s agro-ecological setting, Maychew and its environs are classified under the Weinadega (semi-temperate zone). Maychew is located in the endoreic basin of the Afar Triangle. The streams near Maychew do not reach the ocean.
Everyman's War
Everyman's War is an independent narrative feature war film directed by Thad Smith. It was released on DVD in the U.S. on May 18, 2010, by Virgil Films & Entertainment and in 43 countries internationally by Koan Entertainment. Additionally it was released  in Spain by Paramount Pictures in May 2010 under the title "Los héroes de Las Árdenas." 
Based on the true story of Sgt. Don Smith of the 94th Infantry Division. Much of the film takes place during January 1945 near Nennig, Germany in the Battle of the Bulge. The film was judged 'Best Narrative Feature' at the 2009 GI Film Festival and a "Film Excellence" award for directing by the Film Oregon Alliance.

GI Film Festival
The GI Film Festival is an annual film festival focused on military and veteran experiences, held in San Diego, California. Films featured in the festival reveal the struggles, triumphs, and experiences of service members and veterans.

The festival was held in Washington, D.C. from 2008 to 2018. Since 2018, it has been held in San Diego. The next festival will take place May 7-9, 2025, at the Museum of Photographic Arts in Balboa Park.
I Dream of Mimi
I Dream of Mimi, known as Buttobi!! CPU (ぶっとび!!CPU, Buttobi!! Shī Pī Yū; "Blasting Off!! CPU") in Japan, is a Japanese series written and illustrated by Kaoru Shintani. It was serialized in Hakusensha's seinen manga magazine Young Animal from 1993 to 1997, with its chapters collected in three tankōbon volumes. The series was adapted into a three-episode original video animation (OVA) produced by Pink Pineapple and animated by OLM in 1997. It was released in North America by The Right Stuf International.

Young Animal (magazine)
Young Animal (ヤングアニマル, Yangu Animaru) is a biweekly Japanese seinen manga magazine that features photos of gravure idols. It has been published by Hakusensha on the second and fourth Friday of each month since 1992.
Ruth Porter
Ruth Porter (later Slark, 6 May 1939 – 15 September 2014) was an English amateur golfer. She had a successful junior career which included winning the 1956 Girls Amateur Championship and the 1958 British Girls' Stroke-play Championship. She won the English Women's Amateur Championship three times between 1959 and 1965, and played in the Curtis Cup in 1960, 1962 and 1964.

British Youths Open Championship
The British Youths Open Championship was a youths golf tournament that was played from 1954 to 1994. It was 72-hole stroke-play event for golfers under 22. From 1954 to 1962, it was organised by a committee led by Sam Bunton, a Glasgow architect, and was open to assistant professionals as well as amateurs, but from 1963, it was taken over by The R&A and became an amateur-only event, called: the British Youths Open Amateur Championship. The R&A dropped the event because they felt it was no longer needed to bridge the gap between boy's and men's golf. A 54-hole girls' event was also held. In 1963, the event was taken over by the Scottish Ladies' Golfing Association and called the Scottish Girls' Open Stroke-play Championship.
Charles Eliot (landscape architect)
Charles Eliot (November 1, 1859 – March 25, 1897) was an American landscape architect. Known for pioneering principles of regional planning, naturalistic systems approach to landscape architecture, and laying the groundwork for conservancies across the world. Eliot was instrumental in the formation of the Trustees of Reservations, the world's first land trust, played a central role in shaping the Boston, Massachusetts, Metropolitan Park System, designed a number of public and private landscapes, and wrote prolifically on a variety of topics.

Olmsted Brothers
The Olmsted Brothers company was a landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
Greek People's Liberation Navy
The Greek People's Liberation Navy (Greek: Ελληνικό Λαϊκό Απελευθερωτικό Ναυτικό; Elliniko Laiko Apeleftherotiko Naftiko), commonly abbreviated as ELAN (ΕΛΑΝ), was the naval force of the communist-led Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) resistance movement during World War II, and later during the Greek Civil War.

ELAN was essentially an auxiliary coastal force, operating mostly caïque and other small vessels near the coasts of the Greek mainland and between the islands. By mid-1944 however it had grown to about 100 mostly small armed boats and over 1,200 men, divided into seven squadrons of three or four flotillas with up to six vessels each.

ELAS
The Greek People's Liberation Army (Greek: Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ), Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós; ELAS) was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front (EAM) during the period of the Greek resistance until February 1945, when, following the Dekemvriana clashes and the Varkiza Agreement, it was disarmed and disbanded. ELAS was the largest and most significant of the military organizations of the Greek resistance.
Marlin Firearms
Marlin Firearms is an American manufacturer of semi-automatic, lever-action and bolt-action rifles. In the past the company (based in Madison, North Carolina and formerly based in North Haven, Connecticut) made shotguns, derringers, revolvers, and razor blades. Marlin owned the firearm manufacturer H&R Firearms. In 2007, Remington Arms, part of the Remington Outdoor Company, acquired Marlin Firearms. Remington produced Marlin-brand firearms at its Kentucky and New York manufacturing facilities. In 2020, Sturm, Ruger & Co. bought the Marlin business from the bankrupt Remington Outdoor Company.

Marlin Model 336
The Marlin Model 336 is a lever-action rifle and carbine made by Marlin Firearms.  Since its introduction in 1948, it has been offered in a number of different calibers and barrel lengths, but is commonly chambered in .30-30 Winchester or .35 Remington, using a 20- or 24-inch barrel.  Currently, several models with a 16-, 19- and 20-inch barrels are available in .30-30 Winchester. The Model 336 is now back in production as of March 27, 2023.
Rivergate Mall
Rivergate Mall was a super-regional shopping mall located in Goodlettsville, Tennessee, United States, just outside of Nashville, the state capital of Tennessee. Opened in October 1971, the mall featured 1,129,035 square feet (104,890.8 m2) of gross leasable area. It once held up to 80 stores and restaurants. Rivergate Mall opened with three anchor stores—Cain-Sloan, Castner Knott, and JCPenney—and later expansions added a food court and a new anchor space which was occupied by Sears. The mall underwent a decline in tenancy beginning in the 2000s, with several stores relocating to nearby shopping centers such as Opry Mills and the Streets of Indian Lake. The final interior tenants of the mall closed in December 2025, with the mall itself closing in February 2026. The mall was located in the core of a shopping district that is shared by the city of Goodlettsville and the Nashville neighborhood of Madison. This area is colloquially referred to by locals as "Rivergate," after the mall.

Cain-Sloan
Cain-Sloan Co. Inc. was a department store chain based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1903, merged with Allied Stores in 1955, and with Dillard's in 1987. It was a target of the 1960 Nashville sit-ins.
Nikon F6
The Nikon F6 is a 35 mm film single-lens reflex camera body manufactured by Nikon between 2004 and 2020. It was the sixth film camera in Nikon's 35mm F-series SLR line-up. Designed by Nikon, the model was manufactured at their Sendai plant.

The F6 was the most recent and final model in Nikon's F series. The model was discontinued in October 2020. It replaced the Nikon F5, manufactured from 1996 to 2004. It can accept any Nikon F-mount lens with full metering functionality, excluding non-AI. At the time it was discontinued, the F6 was the last remaining film SLR still in production.

Nikon F5
The Nikon F5 is a professional 35 mm film-based single-lens reflex camera body manufactured by Nikon from 1996 through 2004. It was the fifth in Nikon's professional film camera line, which began in 1959 with the Nikon F. It followed the Nikon F4 of 1988, which introduced in-body autofocus to Nikon's professional line. The F5 was in turn succeeded by the Nikon F6, as well as Nikon's parallel range of professional digital SLRs, beginning with the Nikon D1.
Council of Ariminum
The Council of Ariminum, also known as the Council of Rimini, was an early Christian church synod in Ariminum, modern-day Rimini, in 359. Called by Roman Emperor Constantius II to resolve the Arian controversy, the Council of Ariminum for western bishops paralleled the Council of Seleucia for eastern bishops.

Though the Council of Ariminum concluded in favour of the Nicene Creed by 21 July 359, its consensus was overturned on 10 October 359, when the council's envoys to Constantius accepted a Homoean creed. Bishops remaining at Ariminum were forced to assent to the creed. Pope Liberius later declared that the Council of Ariminum was held without authority.

Pope Liberius
Pope Liberius (310 – 24 September 366) was the bishop of Rome from 17 May 352 until his death on 24 September 366. According to the Catalogus Liberianus, he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Julius I. He is not mentioned as a saint in the Roman Martyrology, making him the earliest pontiff not to be venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and, along with Anastasius II, one of only two popes to be omitted from Catholic sainthood in the first 500 years of church history.

Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of canonization.
Shannon Bream
Shannon Noelle Bream (née DePuy; born December 23, 1970) is an American journalist and attorney who is a host of Fox News Sunday on the Fox network and Fox News. She is also chief legal correspondent for the channel. In 2022, she became host of Fox News Sunday.

Prior to hosting Fox News Sunday, she was the host of Fox News @ Night for five years. She was also a former contestant in the Miss America 1991 and Miss USA 1995 pageants. She was a correspondent for News 12 Networks on Long Island in the 1990s.

Fox News @ Night
Fox News @ Night is an American current affairs program on Fox News hosted by Trace Gallagher. Episodes air live Monday through Friday from 11 p.m. to midnight ET. It is the channel's last live program on the weekday schedule. The program reports on the day's events and features interviews and political analysis.

The show has been a part of the Fox News weekday lineup since October 30, 2017.

Guest hosts for Gallagher include Kevin Corke, Jonathan Hunt, Gillian Turner, and Mike Emanuel.
Michael Stern (conductor)
Michael Stern (born 17 December 1959) is an American conductor.  He is currently music director of the National Repertory Orchestra (Breckenridge, Colorado) and of Orchestra Lumos.  He is artistic advisor to the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and the Iris Collective.  He is music director laureate of the Kansas City Symphony.

National Repertory Orchestra
The National Repertory Orchestra (NRO) is an American summer symphony orchestra that offers full fellowships to train young professional musicians for careers in music through performances, masterclasses and workshops. Based in Breckenridge, Colorado since 1993, its members, who range in age from 18 to 29, are selected from auditions held each year throughout the United States. NRO presents a summer music festival including two orchestral programs per week conducted by its music director, Michael Stern. The orchestra was founded in 1960 by cellist and conductor Walter Charles.  Carl Topilow was music director from 1978 to 2020 and continues with the orchestra as the music advisor. The NRO was formerly known as the Blue Jeans Symphony based in Estes Park, Colorado, and later as the Colorado Philharmonic Orchestra based in Evergreen, Colorado.
Errand of Mercy
"Errand of Mercy" is the twenty-sixth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek. Written by Gene L. Coon and directed by John Newland, it was first broadcast on March 23, 1967. It was the first episode in which the Klingons appeared.

In the episode, with a war with the Klingons declared, Captain Kirk and his First Officer, Mr. Spock, attempt to sway the incomprehensibly placid population of a planet near the Klingon border to resist an invading military occupation.

The Klingon governor, Kor (played by John Colicos), would return in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "The Time Trap" voiced by James Doohan. He would return again decades later in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episodes "Blood Oath", "The Sword of Kahless" and "Once More Unto the Breach". In "The Sword of Kahless", Worf mentions Kor's encounter with Kirk.

John Colicos
John Colicos OOnt (December 10, 1928 – March 6, 2000) was a Canadian actor. He was noted for his Shakespearean roles on stage, particularly with the Stratford Festival, but became well-known to science fiction fans for his roles as Klingon commander Kor on Star Trek: The Original Series and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and as the villainous Baltar on the original Battlestar Galactica.
Second Republic of Venezuela
The Second Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Segunda República de Venezuela) is the name used to refer to the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Simón Bolívar on 7 August 1813. This declaration followed the defeat of Domingo Monteverde by Bolívar during the Admirable Campaign in the west and Santiago Mariño in his campaign in the east.

The Republic came to an end in the following year, when Caracas was reoccupied by the Royalists on 16 July 1814, after a series of defeats at the hands of José Tomás Boves.

Third Republic of Venezuela
The Third Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Tercera República de Venezuela) was the reestablished Republic of Venezuela declared by Simón Bolívar in the year 1817, during the Venezuelan War of Independence.

The beginning of the Third Republic of Venezuela is attributed to the period after the Guayana campaign, during which the Republicans restored democratic institutions in Angostura. The Republic ended, after the Congress of Angostura of 1819 decreed the union of Venezuela with New Granada, to form the Republic of Gran Colombia.

Venezuela would become once again an independent Republic after its separation from Gran Colombia in 1830, with José Antonio Páez as President.
Frances Thynne, Lady Worsley
Frances Thynne, Lady Worsley (née Thynne, 1673 – 1750) was an English noblewoman connected to several poets of the Augustan era.

She was one of three children of Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth, and his wife Frances, née Finch.

In 1690 she married Sir Robert Worsley, 4th baronet. They had one daughter, Frances, Lady Carteret. They lived at Appuldurcome House, Isle of Wight, which Sir Robert began rebuilding in 1702.

Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth
Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth (1640 – 28 July 1714) was an English politician who served as president of the Board of Trade from 1702 to 1705.

Thynne was the English Envoy to Sweden from 1666 to 1669, one of the Members of Parliament for Oxford University between 1674 and 1679, one of the Members for Tamworth from 1679 to 1681, the High Steward of Tamworth and High Steward of Sutton Coldfield from 1679 until his death. In 1682, he was created 1st Viscount Weymouth and the 1st Baron Thynne of Warminster. He served as First Lord of Trade and Foreign Plantations between 30 May 1702 and April 1707. He was a Privy Counsellor from 1702 to 1707 and was re-invested as a Privy Counsellor in 1711. He also held the office of Warden of the Forest of Dean in 1712. Predeceased by his sons, on his death, his estates and titles were inherited by his great-nephew, Thomas Thynne, 2nd Viscount Weymouth.
Ting Kau Beach
Ting Kau Beach is a gazetted beach located at the northwest end of Victoria Harbour on Castle Peak Road in Ting Kau, New Territories, Hong Kong. The beach is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is rated as Grade 2 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality.

The beach, along with Approach Beach, is one of the only two gazetted beaches in Tsuen Wan District that can "swim in Victoria Harbour". It sits beside the northern abutment of the Ting Kau Bridge, and also offers views of the Tsing Ma Bridge.

Approach Beach
Approach Beach is a gazetted beach located near Yau Kom Tau on Castle Peak Road in Ting Kau, New Territories, Hong Kong. The beach has barbecue pits and is managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department of the Hong Kong Government. The beach is rated as Grade 2 by the Environmental Protection Department for its water quality.

The beach, along with Ting Kau Beach, is one of the only two gazetted beaches in Tsuen Wan District that can "swim in Victoria Harbour". The beach offers views of the Ting Kau Bridge as well as Tsing Ma Bridge.
Secret Archives about the Cultural Revolution in Guangxi
Secret Archives about the Cultural Revolution in Guangxi, Classified Documents (simplified Chinese: 广西文革机密档案资料; traditional Chinese: 廣西文革機密檔案資料) are official documents containing historical details about the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in Guangxi. The archives were originally composed by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1980s, and were later published in the United States in 2016 and 2017 after being compiled by Chinese historian Song Yongyi and others. The main archives published in 2016 contain 36 volumes, and the supplements published in 2017 contain 10 volumes, giving a total of approximately 9 million word count in Chinese.

Song Yongyi
Song Yongyi (Chinese: 宋永毅; born 15 December 1949) is a Chinese American historian who specializes in the study of Chinese Cultural Revolution. He currently works at the California State University, Los Angeles, and previously served as a college librarian at the Dickinson College in Pennsylvania.