hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Altar of Victory
The Altar of Victory (Latin: Ara Victoriae) was located in the Roman Senate House (the Curia Julia) and bore a gold statue of the goddess Victory. The altar was established by Octavian (later Augustus) in 29 BC to commemorate the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium.

Victoria (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion Victoria was the deified personification of victory. She first appeared during the first Punic War, seemingly as a Romanised re-naming of Nike, the goddess of victory associated with Rome's Greek allies in the Greek mainland and in Magna Graecia. Thereafter she comes to symbolise Rome's eventual hegemony and right to rule. She is a deified abstraction, entitled to a cult. But unlike Nike, she has virtually no mythology of her own.
Lyriothemis flava
Lyriothemis flava is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae. It is found in Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Myanmar, and Taiwan.

In India, Lyriothemis species were thought to be restricted to the northeastern states like Assam and West Bengal; but, in 2013, L. acigastra and L. flava were recorded in the southern state of Kerala. The recent study concluded that the species previously misidentified as L. flava in Kerala was of the newly described species Lyriothemis abrahami.

Lyriothemis acigastra
Lyriothemis acigastra or Little Bloodtail is a species of dragonfly in the family of Libellulidae known from India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature also cites very old collections in Burma, China and Tibet.

The genus Lyriothemis is made up of 15 species and is widespread across Asia. Three species in the genus are known from India; L. cleis, L. tricolor and L. acigastra. All three were thought to be restricted to the northeastern states of Assam and West Bengal, but, in 2013, L. acigastra and L. tricolor were recorded in the southern state of Kerala.
Mizubayashi Athletic Field
Honjo Yuri General Sports Park Mizubayashi Athletic Field (本荘由利総合運動公園水林陸上競技場) is a multi-purpose stadium at the Honjo Yuri General Sports Park in Yurihonjo, Akita, Japan. The stadium was originally opened in 1978 and has a capacity of 10,000 spectators. It is the former home ground of TDK SC, and the Sports Park has a Baseball Stadium and tennis courts.

Yurihonjō
Yurihonjō (由利本荘市, Yurihonjō-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 72,550 in 30,750 households, and a population density of 60 inhabitants per square kilometre (160/sq mi). The total area of the city is 1,209.59 square kilometres (467.03 sq mi).
High Island Reservoir
The High Island Reservoir, located in the far south eastern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula, was opened in 1978, helping to alleviate water shortage problems in Hong Kong. Its water capacity is approximately 273 million cubic metres. The area it occupies was originally the Kwun Mun Channel (官門海峽), which separated High Island from the Sai Kung Peninsula.

Sai Kung Peninsula
The Sai Kung Peninsula (Chinese: 西貢半島; Jyutping: sai1 gung3 bun3 dou2) is a peninsula in the easternmost part of the New Territories in Hong Kong. Its name comes from Sai Kung Town in the central southern area of the peninsula. The southern part of the peninsula is administered by Sai Kung District, the north by Tai Po District and the northwest by Sha Tin District.
2016–17 FC Barcelona Femení season
The 2016–17 season was the 29th season in the history of FC Barcelona Femení and 16th season as FC Barcelona's official women's football section. It was the last of eleven seasons managed by Xavi Llorens. Barcelona became the first Spanish team to reach the semifinals of the UEFA Women's Champions League in its fifth appearance on a row in the competition.

Xavi Llorens
Xavi Llorens Rodríguez (born 5 June 1958) is a Spanish football manager. He last was manager of FC Barcelona Femení. He joined the team in June 2006 and stepped down after the 2016–17 season, having spent eleven seasons at the club. Llorens is currently part of the Masia 360, a strategic project seeking to add cooperation between club's various departments.

Llorens was nominated for The Best FIFA Women's Coach in 2017.
Moraine Park Technical College
Moraine Park Technical College (Moraine Park or MPTC) is a public technical college in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. It was established in 1912 and is part of the Wisconsin Technical College System. It has campuses in Fond du Lac, Beaver Dam, and West Bend, and regional centers in Jackson and Horicon. The college offers more than 100 university transfer degrees, associate degrees, technical diplomas, certificates, apprenticeships, and customized training.

Wisconsin Technical College System
Wisconsin Technical College System (WTCS) is a system of 16 public technical colleges administered by the state of Wisconsin. The system offers more than 500 programs, awarding two-year associate degrees, one- and two-year technical diplomas, and short-term technical diplomas and certificates. It also provides training and technical assistance to Wisconsin's business and industry community. Over 370,000 individuals accessed the technical colleges for education and training in the 2010–11 school year.
Scottsdale Scorpions
The Scottsdale Scorpions are a baseball team that plays in the East Division of the Arizona Fall League. They play their home games in Scottsdale, Arizona, at Scottsdale Stadium, which is also the spring training facility of the San Francisco Giants. The team was established in 1992 and has retained the Scorpions nickname through several location changes. The Scorpions have won three league championships, most recently in 2015.

Scottsdale Stadium
Scottsdale Stadium is a baseball stadium located in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. Designed by the architect of the Baltimore Orioles’ Camden Yards, Populous, the stadium was expanded to its current state in 1992 and holds 12,000 people. It has been the spring training home of the San Francisco Giants since 1984, when the capacity was just 4,721.

The stadium hosted three games of the 2006 World Baseball Classic.
Supetar Cartulary
Supetar cartulary or Sumpetar cartulary (Croatian: Supetarski kartular) is a 12th-century cartulary which contains charters from  the years 1080 to 1187.

Although the cartulary itself just lists the possessions of the monastery of St. Peter in Selo on the territory of the Republic of Poljica, Croatia and the ways through which they were acquired (such as purchase or grants), it also contains a few important historical notes. It is preserved in its original form. In its basis, the cartulary is actually a chronicle of the Benedictine monastery which was founded around 1080 by a Croatian dignitary and slave owner Petar Crni (Peter the Black).

Today, it is kept in the treasury of the Cathedral of Saint Domnius in Split.

Cartulary
A cartulary or chartulary (/ˈkɑːrtjʊləri/; Latin: cartularium or chartularium), also called pancarta or codex diplomaticus, is a medieval manuscript volume or roll (rotulus) containing transcriptions of original documents relating to the foundation, privileges, and legal rights of ecclesiastical establishments, municipal corporations, industrial associations, institutions of learning, or families. The term is sometimes also applied to collections of original documents bound in one volume or attached to one another so as to form a roll, as well as to custodians of such collections.
Albert Bierstadt
Albert Bierstadt (January 7, 1830 – February 18, 1902) was a German American painter best known for his lavish, sweeping landscapes of the American West. He joined several journeys of the westward expansion to paint the scenes. He was not the first artist to record the sites, but he was the foremost painter of them for the remainder of the 19th century.

Bierstadt was born in Prussia, but his family moved to the United States when he was one year old. He returned to study painting for several years in Düsseldorf. He became part of the second generation of the Hudson River School in New York, an informal group of like-minded painters who started painting along the Hudson River. Their style was based on carefully detailed paintings with romantic, almost glowing lighting, sometimes called luminism. Bierstadt was an important interpreter of the western landscape, and he is also grouped with the Rocky Mountain School.

Luminism (American art style)
Luminism is a style of American landscape painting from the 1850s to 1870s, characterized by effects of light in a landscape, through the use of aerial perspective and the concealing of visible brushstrokes. Luminist landscapes emphasize tranquility, often depicting calm, reflective water and a soft, hazy sky. Artists most central to the development of the luminist style include Fitz Henry Lane, Martin Johnson Heade, Sanford Gifford, and John F. Kensett.

Painters with a less clear affiliation include Frederic Edwin Church, Jasper Cropsey, Albert Bierstadt, Worthington Whittredge, Raymond Dabb Yelland, Alfred Thompson Bricher, James Augustus Suydam, and David Johnson. Some precursor artists are George Harvey and Robert Salmon. Joseph Rusling Meeker also worked in the style.
Mynydd Llangorse
Mynydd Llangorse is a mountain on the western edge of the Black Mountains in the Brecon Beacons National Park in Powys, south Wales. It lies two miles east of Llangors and its lake and 5 miles south of Talgarth. Its summit at 515m (1690 feet) overtops the location 600m to the south at which a trig point is sited by 9m. The broad spur of Cefn Moel extends south towards the village of Bwlch whilst a spur to the southeast forms Pen Tir which reaches just over 450m above sea level.
It is a Marilyn with a prominence of 161 metres.

Black Mountains, United Kingdom
The Black Mountains (Welsh: Y Mynydd Du or Y Mynyddoedd Duon) is a group of hills on the England–Wales border. The larger Welsh part is located in south-east Powys and north-west Monmouthshire, and the smaller English part in western Herefordshire. The range lies approximately within a triangle defined by Abergavenny in the south-east, Hay-on-Wye in the north, and Llangors in the west; Talgarth and Crickhowell are also nearby.

The Welsh part of the Black Mountains is the easternmost of the four ranges of hills that comprise the Brecon Beacons National Park; it should not be confused with the westernmost, the similarly-named Black Mountain. The Black Mountains contain a peak called the Black Mountain, which is the highest point in southern England. The Gospel Pass road is the highest public road in Wales.
Crap Attack
Crap Attack is compilation album by American rock band We Are Scientists, released on November 6, 2006 in the UK. The album is a compilation of b-sides and rarities. It contains covers of "Hoppípolla" by Icelandic band Sigur Rós, "Bang Bang Rock & Roll" by British band Art Brut, "Be My Baby" by 1960s girl group The Ronettes and "Sie hat was vermisst"  by Bela B. and remixes of their own songs from With Love and Squalor.

The album also contains a DVD with a video to every song on the album. It also contains a live show which was filmed at Shepherd's Bush Empire on 13 April 2006 in London, as well as two promotional adverts for With Love and Squalor.

With Love and Squalor
With Love and Squalor is the major label debut album from rock band We Are Scientists. It was released in the United Kingdom in October 2005 on Virgin Records and charted at No. 43, with a large cult following which enabled it to after nearly 6 months of release, gain a gold certification by the BPI in 2006. The album sold an average of 4,166 copies each week before it got the certification. The album title is derived from a J.D. Salinger short story, "For Esmé – with Love and Squalor", which was originally published in The New Yorker and subsequently in Nine Stories, a compilation of Salinger's short stories.
Kgosi Mampuru prison
Pretoria Central Prison, renamed Kgosi Mampuru II Management Area by former President Jacob Zuma on 13 April 2013 and sometimes referred to as Kgosi Mampuru II Correctional Services, is a large prison in central Pretoria, within the City of Tshwane in South Africa. It is operated by the South African Department of Correctional Services.

The complex comprises six correctional centres, including the notorious C Max, Pretoria Local Prison, and a women's prison. The new name is the same as the street name (renamed in the previous year), with both now bearing the name of Kgosi Mampuru, a 19th-century local chief who resisted Boer rule and was subsequently hanged in 1883.

Supermax prison
A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure level of custody in the prison systems of certain countries.

The objective is to provide long-term, segregated housing for inmates classified as the highest security risks in the prison system and those who pose an extremely serious threat to both national and global security.
Fritz Fischer (historian)
Fritz Fischer (5 March 1908 – 1 December 1999) was a German historian best known for his analysis of the causes of World War I. In the early 1960s Fischer advanced the thesis, controversial at the time, that responsibility for the outbreak of the war rested solely on Imperial Germany. Fischer's anti-revisionist claims shocked the West German government and historical establishment, as it made Germany guilty for both world wars, challenging the national belief in Germany's innocence and converting its recent history into one of conquest and aggression.

Fischer was named in The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing as the most important German historian of the 20th century.  In 1984, he was elected an honorary member of the American Historical Association.

Germany's Aims in the First World War
Germany's Aims in the First World War (German: Griff nach der Weltmacht: Die Kriegszielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschland 1914–1918, lit. 'Reaching for World-Power: Imperial Germany's War Aims 1914–1918') is a book by German historian Fritz Fischer. It is one of the leading contributions to historical analysis of the causes of World War I, and along with this work War of Illusions (Krieg der Illusionen) gave rise to the "Fischer Thesis" on the causes of the war. The title translates as "Grab for World Power". or "Bid for World Power". Essentially Fischer attempts to link together a continuum of German belligerence in its "grab for power" weaving it all together into a cohesive theme of German Weltpolitik.
Robert E. Simanek
Robert Ernest Simanek (26 April 1930 – 1 August 2022) was a United States Marine and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during the Korean War.

2nd Battalion, 5th Marines
2nd Battalion 5th Marines (2/5 or "Two Five") is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps consisting of approximately 800 marines and sailors. They are based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California and fall under the command of the 5th Marine Regiment and the 1st Marine Division. The battalion has seen combat in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War and has deployed many times in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and the war on terror.

2/5 is the most highly decorated battalion in the Marine Corps, and their motto, "Retreat, Hell!", comes from the French trenches of World War I, when a Marine officer named Lloyd W. Williams was advised by a French officer to retreat and replied, "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"
Union Pacific Big Springs robbery
The Union Pacific Big Springs Robbery was a robbery of a Union Pacific train near present-day Big Springs, Nebraska on September 18, 1877. The robbery was perpetrated by a gang of six outlaws led by Sam Bass. Though there were no fatalities, the bandits reportedly stole $60,000 in newly minted $20 gold pieces that was being shipped from the San Francisco Mint to a bank in the eastern United States, among other valuables. Contemporary press coverage of the sensational heist made Bass and his gang of "Black Hills Bandits" instantly famous. It remains the largest single robbery in the history of the Union Pacific Railroad. Several of the gang members were killed in the days following the robbery, but Bass escaped.

Train robbery
Since the invention of locomotives in the early 19th century, trains have often been the target of robbery, in which the goal is to steal money or other valuables. Train robbery was especially common during the 19th century and is commonly associated with gangs of outlaws in the American Old West. It has continued into the 21st century, with criminals usually targeting freight trains carrying commercial cargo, or targeting passengers of public transportation for their valuables.
Breslau (region)
Regierungsbezirk Breslau, known colloquially as Middle Silesia (German: Mittelschlesien; Silesian: Strzodkowy Ślōnsk; Polish: Śląsk Środkowy), was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, in the Prussian Province of Silesia and later Lower Silesia from 1813 to 1945. It comprised the eastern parts of the historic Lower Silesia region and the former County of Kladsko, both of which were conquered by Prussia in the First Silesian War in 1742.

Landkreis Groß Wartenberg
The Groß Wartenberg district, known until 1888 as the Wartenberg district, was a Prussian district in Silesia from 1742 to 1945. Its capital was the town of Groß Wartenberg (Syców), which was known until 1888 as Polnisch Wartenberg. The area of this district now lies within the Lower Silesian Voivodeship of Poland.
Abbasid conquest of Ifriqiya
The Abbasid conquest of Ifriqiya was an armed campaign in 761 against Kharijite Ibadites in Ifriqiya (present-day Tunisia, eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania) led by Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate. By the end of the campaign, the Abbasids brought the political domination of the Ibadites in Ifriqiya to an end, and recovered Abbasid authority in the Maghreb as far as eastern Algeria. The conquest marked the elimination of Kharijite domination in Ifriqiya.

Umayyad rule in North Africa
Umayyad rule in North Africa or Umayyad Ifriqiya was a province of the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) during the historical period in which it ruled the Maghreb region of North Africa (excluding Egypt), from its conquest of the Maghreb starting in 661 to the Kharijite Berber Revolt ending in 743, which led to the end of its rule in the western and central Maghreb. Following this period, the Umayyads retained their rule over Ifriqiya (later fell to the Abbasid Caliphate) while the rest of the Maghreb fell to successive Islamic dynasties of Arab, Berber and Persian descent.
Poul Kjærholm
Poul Kjærholm (1929–1980) was a Danish designer.       Born in Østervrå, Denmark, Kjærholm began his career as a cabinetmaker's apprentice with Gronbech in 1948, attending the Danish School of Arts and Crafts in Copenhagen in 1952. In 1953, he married Hanne Kjærholm who became a successful architect. While working as a designer, he also became an educator continuing studies with Prof. Erik Herløw and Prof. Palle Suenson.

Hanne Kjærholm
Hanne Kjærholm (24 May 1930 in Hjørring – 22 June 2009) was a Danish architect who also taught at the Danish Academy, where she became a professor in 1989.

Kjærholm did much to overcome the barriers to women's architecture. She was one of the few women to have her own architecture studio. 
Her works, though few, are noteworthy, designed in a modern style which draws on tradition. During her career, her buildings became ever more textural.

In 1988, she became the first woman to be awarded the Margot and Thorvald Dreyer Foundation's Architecture Prize. The following year she was the first woman to be appointed professor at the Academy's School of Architecture. She also served on many influential boards and committees.
Colombo Racecourse
Colombo Racecourse (Sinhala: කොළඹ තුරඟ තරඟ පිටිය) is a historical harness racing course in the Cinnamon Gardens, Colombo. During the Second World War, it was used as a temporary airfield. In 2012, it was redeveloped as the Colombo Racecourse Sports Complex to become the first International Rugby Union ground in Sri Lanka to host all the national rugby union side's home matches.

In 2014, the ground went through a major renovation, which included the installation of floodlights and the conversion of a substantial part of the grandstand into a shopping and dining complex. The ground hosted the 2022 SAFF U-17 Championship.

797 Naval Air Squadron
797 Naval Air Squadron (797 NAS)  was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN) which last disbanded in October 1945 in Ceylon. Its role was a Fleet Requirements Unit which formed at HMS Ukussa, Royal Naval Air Station Katukurunda, in Ceylon, in July 1942. The squadron moved to RNAS Colombo Racecourse (HMS Bherunda) in October 1943. It had a Communications Flight which became 742 Naval Air Squadron in December 1943 and the following summer it had an ‘X’ Flight deployed for target towing for a couple of gunnery schools in Bombay, India and which  eventually moved to 722 Naval Air Squadron.
Rheinhessen-Pfalz
Rheinhessen-Pfalz (rarely anglicized as "Rhine-Hesse-Palatinate") was one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located in the south of the state.  It was created in 1968 out of Regierungsbezirke Rheinhessen and Pfalz, which had themselves been created out of the left-bank territories of Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt before World War II.

Since 2000, the employees and assets of the Bezirksregierungen form the Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion Trier (Supervisory and Service Directorate Trier) and the Struktur- und Genehmigungsdirektionen (Structural and Approval Directorates) Nord in Koblenz and Süd in Neustadt (Weinstraße). These administrations execute their authority over the whole state, e.g. the ADD Trier oversees all schools.

Palatinate (region)
The Palatinate (/pəˈlætɪnɪt/; German: Pfalz [pfalts] ⓘ; Palatine German: Palz), or the Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a historical region of Germany. The Palatinate occupies most of the southern quarter of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), covering an area of 2,105 square miles (5,450 km2) with about 1.4 million inhabitants. Its residents are known as Palatines (Pfälzer).
Irwin Rivera
Irwin Rivera (born February 14, 1989) is a Mexican mixed martial artist who competes in the Bantamweight division of the Eagle Fighting Championship. A professional mixed martial artist since 2014, Rivera has competed for Combate Americas, Ultimate Fighting Championship and Titan FC where he was the Bantamweight Champion.

Danny Sabatello
Daniel Anthony Sabatello (born March 31, 1993) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Bantamweight division of RIZIN Fighting Federation. As of January 2026, Sabatello is the RIZIN Bantamweight World Champion.
Robert Reinick
Robert Reinick (22 February 1805 – 7 February 1852) was a German painter and poet, associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. One of his poems, Dem Vaterland, was set to music by Hugo Wolf and another, The Flight into Egypt was the libretto for a cantata by Max Bruch. He wrote the libretto to Schumann's opera Genoveva.

Reinick was born in Danzig (Gdańsk) and died in Dresden.

Düsseldorf School of painting
The Düsseldorf School of painting is a term referring to a group of painters who taught or studied at the Düsseldorf Academy (now the Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf or Düsseldorf State Art Academy) roughly between 1819 and 1918, first directed by the painter Wilhelm von Schadow.