hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pitch space
In music theory, pitch spaces model relationships between pitches. These models typically use distance to model the degree of relatedness, with closely related pitches placed near one another, and less closely related pitches farther apart. Depending on the complexity of the relationships under consideration, the models may be multidimensional. Models of pitch space are often graphs, groups, lattices, or geometrical figures such as helixes. Pitch spaces distinguish octave-related pitches. When octave-related pitches are not distinguished, we have instead pitch class spaces, which represent relationships between pitch classes. (Some of these models are discussed in the entry on modulatory space, though readers should be advised that the term "modulatory space" is not a standard music-theoretical term.) Chordal spaces model relationships between chords.

Chordal space
Music theorists have often used graphs, tilings, and geometrical spaces to represent the relationship between chords.  These spaces can be described as chord spaces or chordal spaces, though the terms are relatively recent in origin.
Salim ibn Abd Allah
Sālim ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb was a well known narrator of hadith (sayings of Muhammad), many of which he related first hand from either his father, Abd Allah ibn Umar (died 693), or his grandfather, the caliph Umar (r. 634-644). His paternal aunt was Hafsa bint Umar, one of Muhammad's wives.

Salim is mentioned in Malik ibn Anas's Muwatta regarding the Islamic practice of rada'a, where a woman becomes unmarriageable kin (mahram) by means of suckling:

"Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Salim ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar informed him that A'isha umm al-mu'minin sent him away while he was being nursed to her sister Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr and said, "Suckle him ten times so that he can come in to see me." Salim said, "Umm Kulthum nursed me three times and then fell ill, so that she only nursed me three times. I could not go in to see A'isha because Umm Kulthum did not finish for me the ten times."

He, in Sahih al-Bukhari alone, relates three Hadiths.

Umm Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Umm Kulthūm bint Abī Bakr (Arabic: أم كلثوم بنت ابي بكر) was a daughter of Abu Bakr and Habiba bint Kharija. She was said to be the first and probably only Muslim woman in the Early Caliphate's history who received her inheritance from her father in utero. Umm Kulthum was a famous Tabi'un and hadith narrator.
Ropeadope Records
Ropeadope Records is an American record label known for recordings in a variety of genres including jazz, hip hop, gospel and electronic music. The label, now led by Louis Marks, was founded in 1999 by Andy Hurwitz in New York City and later moved to Philadelphia.

In January 2014, Ropeadope artists Snarky Puppy and Lalah Hathaway were awarded the Grammy for Best R&B Performance.

Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah
Chief Xian aTunde Adjuah (/ˈzaɪ.ən/) (born March 31, 1983, formerly Christian Scott) is an American jazz trumpeter, multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer.

He has been nominated for six Grammy Awards and is a two-time Edison Award winner. He has been named the Jazz FM Innovator of the Year and the Jazz Journalists Association Trumpeter of the Year. He has also received the Herb Alpert Award in the Arts, the Changing Worlds Peace Maker Award, and the Doris Duke Performing Arts Award. Adjuah is the nephew of jazz saxophonist Donald Harrison Jr. Adjuah is the Chieftain of the Xodokan Nation of Maroons and Grand Griot of New Orleans, an honor bestowed by the Ashé Cultural Center as part of annual rites commemorating the Maafa.
Wezep
Wezep is a town in the municipality of Oldebroek, Netherlands. Located in the province of Gelderland, it had about 13,500 inhabitants in 2012. The Wezep railway station, located on the Utrecht–Zwolle railway, is the town's main landmark. The municipality's TV station is called LOCO TV.

Wezep railway station
Wezep is a railway station located in Wezep, Netherlands. The station was opened in 1863 and is located on the Amersfoort–Zwolle section of the Utrecht–Kampen railway (Centraalspoorweg). The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen.
Tokiwa University
Tokiwa University (常磐大学, Tokiwa daigaku) is a private university in Mito, Ibaraki, Japan, established in 1983. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1909.
California State University, Fresno & California State University, Northridge's Japanese Department has had an active international student exchange program with this university since 2004.

Mito, Ibaraki
Mito (水戸市, Mito-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.to, mʲi.toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 268,036 in 126,055 households and a population density of 1,233 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 27.1%. The total area of the city is 217.32 square kilometres (83.91 sq mi).
Battle of Bladensburg
The Battle of Bladensburg, also known as the Bladensburg Races, took place on August 24, 1814, during the Chesapeake campaign of the War of 1812 at Bladensburg, Maryland. It has been described as "the greatest disgrace ever dealt to American arms". A British force of army regulars and Royal Marines routed a combined U.S. force of Regular Army and state militia troops. The American defeat resulted in the British capture and burning of the national capital of Washington, the only time that the city has fallen to a foreign invader.

44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot
The 44th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment in the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot to form the Essex Regiment in 1881.
Kimiora Poi
Kimiora Poi (born 1 November 1997) is a New Zealand netball international. She was a member of the New Zealand teams that won the 2017 Netball World Youth Cup, the 2018 Fast5 Netball World Series and the 2021 Constellation Cup. Since 2018, Poi has played for Mainland Tactix in the ANZ Premiership. Poi was a prominent member of the 2020 and 2021 Mainland Tactix teams that played in two successive grand finals. Ahead of the 2022 season, Poi was appointed Tactix captain.

2021 Mainland Tactix season
The 2021 Mainland Tactix season saw the Mainland Tactix netball team compete in the 2021 ANZ Premiership. With a team coached by Marianne Delaney-Hoshek, captained by Jane Watson and featuring Ellie Bird, Karin Burger, Erikana Pedersen, Kimiora Poi and Te Paea Selby-Rickit, Tactix finished the regular ANZ Premiership season in third place, behind Northern Mystics and Southern Steel. In the Elimination final, Tactix defeated Steel 54–49. However, in the grand final, they lost 61–59 to Mystics, finishing the season second overall.
Seiichirō Yasui
Seiichirō Yasui (Japanese: 安井誠一郎; 11 March 1891 – 19 January 1962) was a Japanese politician and bureaucrat who held a variety of positions in Japanese government.

He served as appointed Governor of Niigata Prefecture from 1940 to 1941, then as appointed Governor of Tokyo from 1946 to 1947, then as elected Governor of Tokyo from 1947 to 1959. He also served as one of the members of the House of Representatives from 1960 to his death in 1962.

Governor of Tokyo
The governor of Tokyo (東京都知事, Tōkyō-To Chiji) is the head of government of Tokyo.

In 1943, upon the unification of Tokyo City and Tokyo Prefecture into Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the position of Governor was created. Previously, the prefecture had a Governor while the City had a Mayor. The current title was adopted in 1947 due to the enactment of the Local Autonomy Law.
Hobsonville
Hobsonville is a suburb in West Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand. Historically a rural settlement, Hobsonville has now developed into a suburb of Auckland.

Hobsonville was one of the earliest European settlements in the area and became a large part of the early pottery industry in New Zealand. Hobsonville later served as a Royal New Zealand Air Force base from 1920 to 2001. Following the closure of the air base a plan for a large scale residential development was undertaken by the Housing Ministry.

Hobsonville is bounded by Whenuapai to the northwest, West Harbour to the west, with the rest of the area bounded by the Waitematā Harbour. The Upper Harbour Bridge connects Hobsonville with Greenhithe.

Hobsonville Church
The Hobsonville Church & Settlers' Cemetery is a historic church building and cemetery located in Hobsonville, Auckland, New Zealand, and listed as a Category II building by Heritage New Zealand.

The church and cemetery were constructed by the original Hobsonville settlers in 1875. Many of the early settlers and their families are interred at the cemetery.
Misbaha
A misbaha (Arabic: مِسْبَحَة, romanized: misbaḥa), subḥa (Arabic: سُبْحَة) Gulf countries people call it Mesbah (Arabic: مِسْبَاَحْ) (Arabic and Urdu), tusbaḥ (Somali), tasbīḥ (Arabic: تَسْبِيح) (Iran, India, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia and Indonesia), or tespih (Turkish, Bosnian and Albanian) is a set of prayer beads often used by Muslims for the tasbih, the recitation of prayers (the dhikr), as well as to glorify Allah. It resembles the japamala used in Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism, or the rosary used in Catholicism. The Arab/Iranian/Turkish and their neighbors put a lot of care as to what materials are used, generally being gems, beads and so forth.

Worry beads
Worry beads or komboloi/kompoloi (Greek: κομπολόι, IPA: [ko(m)boˈloi̯], 'bead collection'; plural: κομπολόγια, IPA: [ko(m)boˈloʝa]) is a string of beads manipulated with one or two hands and used to pass time in Greek and Cypriot culture. Unlike the similar prayer beads used in many religious traditions, worry beads have no religious or ceremonial purpose.
McDonald, Pennsylvania
McDonald is a borough in Allegheny and Washington counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km) west of Pittsburgh. The population was 2,056 at the 2020 census. Of this population, 1,661 were in Washington County, and 395 were in Allegheny County.

Washington County, Pennsylvania
Washington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 209,349. Its county seat is Washington. The county is home to Washington County Airport, three miles (4.8 km) southwest of Washington. The county is part of the Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth. Southpointe is the regions largest business park with over 800 acres of office buildings, manufacturing, hotels, restaurants and a championship golf course. The park is home to corporations Ansys, Viatris, Range Resources, Lighthouse Electric, EQT, Core Natural Resources and Centimark. The current county commissioners are Nick Sherman, Electra Janis and Lawrence Maggi.
Rahimullah of Baraikhali
Shahīd Rahimullah of Baraikhali (Bengali: বারইখালীর রহিমুল্লাহ; died 25 November 1861) was the leader of native resistance in the Sundarbans of Bengal, against the colonial officers and indigo cultivators of the British Raj. He was killed in 1861 while leading rebel farmers in a battle against the landlords' forces.

Morrelganj Upazila
Morrelganj (Bengali: মোড়েলগঞ্জ) is an upazila of Bagerhat District in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. Morrelganj thana was established in 1909 and became an upazila in 1985, Morrelganj Municipality was established in 1998.
Telephony Server Application Programming Interface
Telephony Server Application Programming Interface was a computer telephony integration standard developed and promoted by Novell and AT&T. It consisted of a number of call control commands for switching calls,  voice mail and call logging using NetWare servers. Unlike the competing Telephony Application Programming Interface from Microsoft and Intel, it was a server-based system that did not expect client-side equipment to handle call switching. This was important to AT&T, which sold large telephone switches that Telephony Server Application Programming Interface was intended to work with.

Computer telephony integration
Computer-telephony integration, also called computer–telephone integration or CTI, is a general term for  technologies that coordinate interactions between telephones and computers. The term is predominantly used to describe desktop-based applications that improve user efficiency, though it can also refer to server-based functionality such as automatic call routing.
Howard Zinn
Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922 – January 27, 2010) was an American historian and a veteran of World War II. He was chair of the history and social sciences department at Spelman College, and a political science professor at Boston University. Zinn wrote more than 20 books, including his best-selling and influential A People's History of the United States in 1980. In 2007, he published a version of it for younger readers, A Young People's History of the United States.

Zinn described himself as "something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist." He wrote extensively about the civil rights movement, the anti-war movement and labor history of the United States. His memoir, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train (Beacon Press, 1994), was also the title of a 2004 documentary about Zinn's life and work. Zinn died of a heart attack in 2010, at the age of 87.

Teaching for Change
Teaching for Change is a non-profit organization founded in 1989 and based in Washington, D.C., with the motto of "building social justice, starting in the classroom."  This organization uses publications, professional development, and parent organizing programs to accomplish this goal.
Marble Falls, Arkansas
Marble Falls (known as Marble City from 1840 to 1883, Willcockson from 1883 to 1934, and Dogpatch from 1966 to 1997) is an unincorporated community in Newton County, Arkansas, United States. It lies along Arkansas's National Scenic 7 Byway between Harrison and Jasper. The Marble Falls Post Office is located in the parking lot of the now-defunct theme park called Dogpatch USA. For a time, the town was known as Dogpatch to promote the theme park.

Marble Falls is part of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Harrison micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Harrison.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 45,223.
Palatine Bridge Freight House
Palatine Bridge Freight House is a historic freight depot located at Palatine Bridge in Montgomery County, New York. It is a rectangular limestone building constructed in the mid-1850s.  It measures 300 feet long and is a fine example of a mid 19th century storage house.  It has a low slope gable roof with overhanging eaves.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Palatine Bridge, New York
Palatine Bridge is a village in Montgomery County, New York, United States. The population was 796 at the 2020 census.  The name refers to the community's location in a region settled by Palatine Germans. The village is in the town of Palatine.
The Fourth Turning
The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy is a 1997 book by Neil Howe and William Strauss. It is based on the Strauss–Howe generational theory, which posits that American history is driven by political and economic crisis cycles, followed by periods of prosperity. A sequel, The Fourth Turning Is Here, was published in 2023.

William Strauss
William Strauss (December 5, 1947 – December 18, 2007) was an American author, playwright, theater director, and lecturer. As an author, he is known for his work with Neil Howe on social generations; they created the Strauss–Howe generational theory and coined the term Millennials. He is also known as the co-founder and director of the satirical musical theater group the Capitol Steps, and as the co-founder of the Cappies, a critics and awards program for high school theater students.
Onur Tukel
Onur Tukel (born August 5, 1972) is a Turkish-American actor, painter, and filmmaker.  A notable figure in the New York City independent film community, Tukel's films often deal with issues of gender and relationships.

Turkish Americans
Turkish Americans (Turkish: Türk Amerikalılar) or American Turks (Turkish: Amerikalı Türkler)  are Americans of ethnic Turkish origin. The term "Turkish Americans" can therefore refer to ethnic Turkish immigrants to the United States, as well as their American-born descendants, who originate either from the Ottoman Empire or from post-Ottoman modern nation-states. The majority trace their roots to the Republic of Turkey, however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities in the US which descend from the island of Cyprus, the Balkans, North Africa, the Levant and other areas of the former Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, in recent years there has been a significant number of ethnic Turkish people coming to the US from the modern Turkish diaspora (i.e. outside the former Ottoman territories), especially from the Turkish Meskhetian diaspora in Eastern Europe (e.g. from Krasnodar Krai in Russia) and "Euro-Turks" from Central and Western Europe (e.g. Turkish Germans etc.).
Men's Egg
MensEGG was a style magazine distributed in Japan aimed at young men published between 1999 and 2013. It was a counterpart of Egg magazine, which focused on Gyaru-oh (male Gyaru) fashions – it was the gyaru-oh bible. There is also Men's Egg Bitter magazine, aimed at Gyaruo aged 23 and above.

Gyaruo
Gyaruo (which can be written as ギャル男, ギャルオ, ギャル汚 in Japanese) is a sub-group of modern Japanese youth culture. They are the male equivalent of the gyaru. The o suffix added to the word is one reading of the kanji for male (男). The kanji for 'dirty' in Japanese (汚), which also has the same reading, is often used by gyaru and gyaruo in a light hearted way, poking fun at themselves because of the reputation that their subculture has gained within society due to their dark skin, hairstyles and often gritty, rough style of clothing that they wear. Gyaruo are characterised by their deep tans, dyed hair, party lifestyle and a liking for  different types of trance music including para-para dancing music, Eurobeat, etc.
Mandritsara (district)
Mandritsara is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Befandriana-Avaratra in north, Maroantsetra in northeast, Mananara in east,  Soanierana Ivongo in southeast, Andilamena in south and Boriziny (Port-Bergé) in west. The area is 10,512 km2 (4,059 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 320,647 in 2020.

Befandriana-Nord District
Befandriana-Nord or Befandriana-Avaratra (literally North Befandriana) is a district in northern Madagascar. It is a part of Sofia Region and borders the districts of Bealanana in north, Andapa to the northeast, Maroantsetra to the east, Mandritsara to the south, Boriziny-Vaovao (formerly Port-Bergé) to the southwest and Antsohihy to the north-west. The area is 8,718.98 km2 (3,366 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 271,314 in 2020.
2002 Tour of Flanders
The 86th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race in Belgium was held on Sunday 7 April 2002. It was the second leg of the 2002 UCI Road World Cup. Italian Andrea Tafi won the monument classic ahead of Johan Museeuw and Peter Van Petegem. The race started in Bruges and finished in Meerbeke (Ninove).

Koppenberg
Koppenberg (literally "Heads Mountain") is a 77 m (253 ft) high hill in Oudenaarde, the Flemish Ardennes, Belgium. "Koppen" is an abbreviation for cobblestones which in Dutch slang language are called kinderkoppen, or "children's heads". This climb is part of the route of the Tour of Flanders professional cycling race and feared by many because of its steepness (22% on the trickiest parts) and because of its cobblestones. This makes the Koppenberg difficult even for top professionals. Quite often, riders slow to the point of losing their balance, especially those at the back of the peloton who have to dismount and scramble to the top on foot.

In the 2006 Tour of Flanders, it was on kilometer 185 of 259. Even if a breakaway forms on the Koppenberg it is difficult for riders to hold off the peloton in the finishing stages. In the 2012 Tour of Flanders the Koppenberg was moved to 60 km from the finish line and raising its importance.
Golden Daffodil Stakes
The Golden Daffodil Stakes was a Group 3 flat horse race in Great Britain open to thoroughbred fillies and mares aged three years or older. It was run at Chepstow over a distance of 1 mile, 2 furlongs and 36 yards (2,045 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in July.

Chepstow Racecourse
Chepstow Racecourse is a thoroughbred horse racing course located just north of the town of Chepstow in Monmouthshire, Wales, near the southern end of the Wye Valley and close to the border with England. It is one of 16 racecourses operated by the Arena Racing Company and is home of the richest race in Wales, the Coral Welsh Grand National.
Gao Cheng
Gao Cheng (Chinese: 高澄; 521 – 15 September 549), courtesy name Zihui (子惠), formally Prince Wenxiang of Bohai (勃海文襄王), later further posthumously honored by Northern Qi as Emperor Wenxiang (文襄皇帝) with the temple name Shizong (世宗), was the paramount official of the Xianbei-led Eastern Wei dynasty, a branch successor state of the Northern Wei. He was Gao Huan's oldest son, and because his father wielded actual power during Emperor Xiaojing's reign, Gao Cheng also received increasingly great authority, and after his father's death in 547 took over the reign of the state.  He was considered capable but frivolous and arrogant, as well as lacking in sexual discretion. In 549, he was assassinated by his servant Lan Jing (蘭京), and his younger brother Gao Yang took over the control over the Eastern Wei regime.

Northern Qi
Qi, known as the Northern Qi (traditional Chinese: 北齊; simplified Chinese: 北齐; pinyin: Běi Qí; Wade–Giles: Pei3-Ch'i2), Later Qi (後齊) or Gao Qi (高齊) in historiography, was a Chinese imperial dynasty and one of the Northern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties era. It ruled the eastern part of northern China from 550 to 577 AD. The dynasty was founded by Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan), and was eventually conquered by the Xianbei-led Northern Zhou dynasty in 577 AD.
Makonnen Endelkachew
Ras Betwoded Mekonnen Endelkachew (Amharic: መኮንን እንዳልካቸው; 16 February 1890 – 27 February 1963) was an Ethiopian aristocrat and Prime Minister under Emperor Haile Selassie. Mekonnen was born in Addisge, the nephew of the noted Shewan general and politician Ras Betwoded Tessema Nadew, who introduced him to Emperor Menelik II. He was a member of the alpha class of the Menelik II School in Addis Ababa when it opened in 1908.

He was a published author, having written a novel, Yayne Abäba, and a booklet on the Second Italo-Abyssinian War and Fascist atrocities.

Prime Minister of Ethiopia
The prime minister of Ethiopia is the head of government and chief executive of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a parliamentary republic with a prime minister as head of the government and the commander-in-chief of the Ethiopian Armed Forces. The prime minister is the most powerful political figure in Ethiopian politics. The official residence of the prime minister is the Menelik Palace in Addis Ababa. The prime minister is elected from the members of the House of Peoples' Representatives and presents a government platform. The prime minister must receive a vote of confidence in the House of Peoples' Representatives to exercise executive power as chief executive. Abiy Ahmed is the third prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, serving since April 2018.