hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Beaver, Oklahoma
Beaver is a town in and the county seat in Beaver County, Oklahoma, United States.  The community is in the Oklahoma Panhandle.  As of the 2020 census, the town’s population was 1,280.  The city is host to the annual World Cow Chip Throwing Championship. Held in August, "Cow Chip" brings attention from nearby cities with a parade, carnival, and cowchip throwing.

Presbyterian Church (Beaver, Oklahoma)
The Presbyterian Church building in Beaver, Oklahoma, is a historic church building built in 1887. It was one of the earliest permanent religious buildings built in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The church is a wood-frame structure with a front gable roof and small bell tower over the front entrance. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 16, 1974, for architectural significance and association with settlement of the area.

It is located at 3rd St. and Ave. E in Beaver.
Saxonwold
Saxonwold is an affluent suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is situated in what was once the Sachsenwald Forest in the early 20th century. It is located in Region E of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality.

Anglo-Boer War Memorial (Johannesburg)
The Anglo-Boer War Memorial was originally called the Rand Regiments Memorial and dedicated to the men of the Witwatersrand who joined as British soldiers in the Rand Regiments and who had lost their lives during the Second Boer War (1899–1902). The memorial is now next door to the South African National Museum of Military History. It was rededicated on 10 October 1999 to all people who died during the Second Boer War and renamed the Anglo-Boer War Memorial.
Portland, Louisville
Portland is a historic district, neighborhood and former independent town northwest of downtown Louisville, Kentucky. It is situated along a bend of the Ohio River just below the Falls of the Ohio National Wildlife Conservation Area, where the river curves to the north and then to the south, thus placing Portland at the northern tip of urban Louisville. In its early days it was the largest of the six major settlements at the falls, the others being Shippingport and Louisville in Kentucky and New Albany, Clarksville, and Jeffersonville on the Indiana side. Its modern boundaries are the Ohio River along the northwest, north, and northeast, 10th Street at the far east, Market Street on the south, and the Shawnee Golf Course at the far west.

City of Parks
City of Parks is a municipal project to create a continuous paved pedestrian and biking trail around the city of Louisville, Kentucky while also adding a large amount of park land. The project was announced on February 22, 2005. Current plans call for making approximately 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) of the Floyds Fork floodplain in eastern Jefferson County into park space, expanding area in the Jefferson Memorial Forest, and adding riverfront land and wharfs along the Riverwalk Trail and Levee Trail. There are also plans to connect the 100-mile (160 km) Louisville trail to a planned seven miles (11 km) trail connecting the Southern Indiana cities of New Albany, Clarksville and Jeffersonville.
S. Venkitaramanan
Sri Venkitaramanan (28 January 1931 – 18 November 2023) was an Indian civil servant and economist who served as the 18th governor of the Reserve Bank of India between 1990 and 1992, where he oversaw India's actions to tide over the balance of payments crisis. His actions were noted to have helped the country out of the crisis when its foreign-exchange reserves had almost depleted and helped usher in the country's economic liberalisation programme in the early 1990s.

He earlier served as the finance secretary in India's Ministry of Finance, from 1985 to 1989.

1992 Indian stock market scam
The 1992 Indian stock market scam was a market manipulation carried out by Harshad Mehta with other bankers and politicians on the Bombay Stock Exchange. The scam caused significant disruption to the stock market of India, defrauding investors of over $15 million.

The techniques used by Mehta involved having corrupt officials sign fake cheques, abusing market loopholes, and using fabrication to drive stock prices up to 40 times their original value. Stock traders making good returns as a result of the scam were able to fraudulently obtain unsecured loans from banks. When the scam was discovered in April 1992, India's stock market crashed, and the same banks suddenly found themselves holding millions of Indian rupees (INR) in useless debt.
Meryptah (high priest of Ptah)
Meryptah was an Ancient Egyptian priest at the end of the 18th Dynasty. He was High Priest of Ptah and therefore the most important religious official at the Ptah temple at Memphis, the capital of Egypt at that time.

Meryptah is only known from a few objects that date on stylistic grounds to the end of the 18th Dynasty. He appears on a relief most likely coming from his tomb at Saqqara. Furthermore, there is a statue, now in the Louvre (Inventory no. A 60) and an offering table in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin (Inventory no. 2273).

High Priest of Ptah
The High Priest of Ptah was sometimes referred to as "the Greatest of the Directors of Craftsmanship" (wr-ḫrp-ḥmwt). This title refers to Ptah as the patron god of the craftsmen.

The office of the high priest of Ptah was located in Memphis in Lower Egypt. The temple of Ptah in Memphis was dedicated to Ptah, his consort Sekhmet and their son Nefertem.
Bellevue Teatret
The Bellevue Teatret (English: Bellevue Theatre) is a theatre in Klampenborg at the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark. Opened in 1936 to the design of Arne Jacobsen, the building is considered one of his most important architectural works and exemplar of Danish functionalism. The theatre is part of a scheme also including the adjoining Bellevue Beach and residential block and was, at the time, seen as a manifestation of "the dream of the modern lifestyle".

Arne Jacobsen
Arne Emil Jacobsen, Hon. FAIA (Danish pronunciation: [ˈɑːnə e̝ˈmiˀl ˈjɑkʰʌpsn̩]; 11 February 1902 – 24 March 1971) was a Danish architect and furniture designer. He is remembered for his contribution to architectural functionalism and for the worldwide success he enjoyed with simple well-designed chairs.
Jebak
Jebak is a village in the Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Matagoal (5.1 nm), Kermio (4.5 nm), Ampelu (4.1 nm), Terusan (8.1 nm), Muarabulian (10.8 nm), Betung (10.4 nm) and Jangga (5.1 nm) .

Muarabulian
Muarabulian is the capital of Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Jebak (10.8 nm), Terusan (5.1 nm), Palayangan (3.6 nm), Muarasingoan (4.1 nm), Betung(9.1 nm) and Bejubang(6.4 nm).
Nunathloogagamiutbingoi Dunes
59°51′08″N 166°03′11″W﻿ / ﻿59.85222°N 166.05306°W﻿ / 59.85222; -166.05306

Nunathloogagamiutbingoi Dunes is the name of a beach on the southeastern coast of Nunivak Island in Bethel Census Area, Alaska.

Summer temperatures in the area are frequently 50 to 59 °F (10 to 15 °C), and the night is commonly 40 to 49 °F (4 to 9 °C). The wintertime brings highs down to 10 to 19 °F (−12 to −7 °C) and overnight lows of −19 to −10 °F (−28 to −23 °C). There is little precipitation; the month of August is the wettest, while March is frequently the driest month.

Nunathloogagamiutbingoi has been noted for its long place name. Nunathloogagamiutbingoi Dunes was declared "most difficult to pronounce" in the state of Alaska by Reader's Digest.

Nunivak Island
Nunivak Island (Central Alaskan Yup'ik: Nunivaaq; Nunivak Cup'ig: Nuniwar; Russian: Нунивак, romanized: Nunivak) is a permafrost-covered volcanic island lying about 30 miles (48 km) offshore from the delta of the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers in the US state of Alaska, at a latitude of about 60°N. The island is 1,631.97 square miles (4,226.8 km2) in area, making it the second-largest island in the Bering Sea and eighth-largest island in the United States. It is 76.2 kilometers (47.3 mi) long and 106 kilometers (66 mi) wide. It has a population of 191 persons as of the 2010 census, down from 210 in 2000. The island's entire population lives in the north coast city of Mekoryuk.
Route 3 (Uruguay)
Route 3 is a national route of Uruguay. In 1975, it was assigned the name General José Artigas, the foremost national hero of Uruguay. It is one of the most important highways in the country along with Route 5, connecting the south coast near Rafael Perazza with Bella Unión in the extreme northwest. The road is approximately 592 kilometres (368 mi) in length.

Although Route 3 starts at Km. 67 of Route 1, its distance notation uses the same Kilometre Zero reference as Routes 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and IB, which is the Pillar of Peace of Plaza de Cagancha in the Centro of Montevideo.

National Routes of Uruguay
The National Routes of Uruguay (officially in Spanish, Rutas nacionales de Uruguay) are the most important transport routes in the country, linking all locations. It has a network of 8,698 km of which 303 km are with concrete, asphalt 3,164 km, 4,220 km bituminous and 1,009 km rough.
Andrea Mantegna
Andrea Mantegna (UK: /mænˈtɛnjə/, US: /mɑːnˈteɪnjə/; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa manˈteɲɲa]; c. 1431 – September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance painter, a student of Roman archaeology, and the son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality. His flinty, metallic landscapes, and somewhat stony figures give evidence of a fundamentally sculptural approach to painting. He also led a workshop that was the leading producer of prints in Venice before 1500.

Pinacoteca di Brera
The Pinacoteca di Brera ("Brera Art Gallery") is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of the Brera Academy, which shares the site in the Palazzo Brera.
Pacific nurse shark
The pacific nurse shark (Ginglymostoma unami) is a medium sized shark from the family Ginglymostomatidae. The species is endemic to the Tropical Eastern Pacific, and is not to be confused with Ginglymostoma cirratum, which is restricted to the Atlantic Ocean. G. unami has the characteristic round, elongated body and fin shape of nurse sharks, which can be useful when identifying them in aerial image data. The species has a wide habitat range, including the Gulf of California, Costa Rica, Peru, and Panama. However, pacific nurse sharks are considered endangered, and they are threatened by fishing practices like many other shark species. They have also been observed to disperse over long distances away from their home ranges, though they also exhibit high site fidelity. Therefore, researchers focus on the importance of better studying and tracking the sharks, often using aerial imaging data, in order to improve policies and protections regarding them.

Ginglymostomatidae
The Ginglymostomatidae are a cosmopolitan family of carpet sharks known as nurse sharks, containing four species in three genera. Common in shallow, tropical and subtropical waters, these sharks are sluggish and docile bottom-dwellers. They are the most abundant species of shark found in shallow coastal waters. Nurse sharks typically attack humans only if directly threatened.

The name nurse shark is thought to be a corruption of nusse, a name which once referred to the catsharks of the family Scyliorhinidae. The nurse shark family name, Ginglymostomatidae, derives from the Ancient Greek words γίγγλυμος (gínglumos), meaning "hinge", and στόμα (stóma), meaning "mouth".
Akpan Okon
Akpan Okon listenⓘ was an Obong (king) of Ibom Kingdom around 1690-1720. An attempt was made to overthrow him by his brother Akakpokpo Okon with the support of groups such as the Eze Agwu, Nnachi Ipia, and the Nnubi dynasty in the final phases of the Aro-Ibibio Wars. Although this alliance was very significant and crucial, the battle ended in a stalemate. The alliance between the Eze Agwu lineage and his ambitious brother Akakpokpo invigorated the Aro people, and laid the foundation of the Arochukwu kingdom.

Aro-Ibibio Wars
The Aro-Ibibio Wars were a series of conflicts between the Aro people (subgroup of the Igbo) and the Obong Okon Ita clan in present-day Southeastern Nigeria in the Ibom Kingdom from 1830 to 1902. These wars led to the foundation of the Arochukwu kingdom.
Matroid rank
In the mathematical theory of matroids, the rank of a matroid is the maximum size of an independent set in the matroid. The rank of a subset S of elements of the matroid is, similarly, the maximum size of an independent subset of S, and the rank function of the matroid maps sets of elements to their ranks.

The rank function is one of the fundamental concepts of matroid theory via which matroids may be axiomatized. Matroid rank functions form an important subclass of the submodular set functions. The rank functions of  matroids defined from certain other types of mathematical object such as undirected graphs, matrices, and field extensions are important within the study of those objects.

Matroid
In combinatorics, a matroid /ˈmeɪtrɔɪd/ is a structure that abstracts and generalizes the notion of linear independence in vector spaces. There are many equivalent ways to define a matroid axiomatically, the most significant being in terms of: independent sets; bases or circuits; rank functions; closure operators; and closed sets or flats. In the language of partially ordered sets, a finite simple matroid is equivalent to a geometric lattice.

Matroid theory borrows extensively from the terms used in both linear algebra and graph theory, largely because it is the abstraction of various notions of central importance in these fields. Matroids have found applications in geometry, topology, combinatorial optimization, network theory, and coding theory.
Great East Road
The Great East Road is a major road in Zambia and the main route linking its Eastern Province with the rest of the country. It is also the major link between Zambia and Malawi and between Zambia and northern Mozambique. However, the route does not carry as much traffic as many of the other regional arterial roads and between the main cities it serves, Lusaka and Chipata, it passes through rural and wilderness areas. In Lusaka the road forms the main arterial road for the eastern suburbs. The entire route from Lusaka to Chipata and the border with Malawi is designated the T4 road on Zambia's road network.

Rufunsa District
Rufunsa District is a district in Zambia, located in Lusaka Province. The district capital is Rufunsa. The district was established by President Michael Sata in 2012 by splitting Chongwe District. As of the 2022 Zambian census, it has a population of 81,733.
2021–present Bulgarian political crisis
The 2021–present Bulgarian political crisis is an ongoing period of political instability in Bulgaria, which has seen the country face eight parliamentary elections over five years: April 2021, July 2021, November 2021, October 2022, April 2023, June 2024,  October 2024 and April 2026.

The political crisis has resulted in three short-lived governments, respectively led by Kiril Petkov, Nikolai Denkov, and Rosen Zhelyazkov. In the absence of a coalition government, Bulgarian presidents Rumen Radev and Iliana Iotova appointed various caretaker Prime Ministers, including Stefan Yanev, Galab Donev, Dimitar Glavchev, and Andrey Gyurov.

There is Such a People
There Is Such a People (Bulgarian: Има такъв народ, ИТН, romanized: Ima takav narod, ITN) is a populist political party in Bulgaria established by Bulgarian singer, TV host, and politician Slavi Trifonov. Self-described as a "political product", the party is named after one of Trifonov's own musical albums.
Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model
The Biham–Middleton–Levine traffic model is a self-organizing cellular automaton traffic flow model. It consists of a number of cars represented by points on a lattice with a random starting position, where each car may be one of two types: those that only move downwards (shown as blue in this article), and those that only move towards the right (shown as red in this article). The two types of cars take turns to move.  During each turn, all the cars for the corresponding type advance by one step if they are not blocked by another car. It may be considered the two-dimensional analogue of the simpler Rule 184 model. It is possibly the simplest system exhibiting phase transitions and self-organization.

Microscopic traffic flow model
Microscopic traffic flow models are a class of scientific models of vehicular traffic dynamics.

In contrast, to macroscopic models, microscopic traffic flow models simulate single vehicle-driver units, so the dynamic variables of the models represent microscopic properties like the position and velocity of single vehicles.
Saglivatnet
Saglivatnet is a lake on the border of Trøndelag and Nordland counties in Norway. The 2.16-square-kilometre (0.83 sq mi) lake lies on the border of Nærøysund Municipality (in Trøndelag county) and Bindal Municipality (in Nordland county). The water flows out to the north into the river Saglielva which flows into the Sørfjorden, an arm off the main Bindalsfjorden.

Bindal Municipality
Bindal is a municipality in the Helgeland region in the extreme southwest part of Nordland county, Norway. The administrative centre is the village of Terråk. Other villages include Bindalseidet, Holm, Vassås, Horsfjord and Åbygda.

The 1,266-square-kilometre (489 sq mi) municipality is the 81st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Bindal Municipality is the 306th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,399. The municipality's population density is 1.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.1/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 10% over the previous 10-year period.
U.S. Route 19
U.S. Route 19 or U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Eastern United States. Despite encroaching Interstate Highways, the route has remained a long-haul road, connecting the Gulf of Mexico with Lake Erie.

The highway's southern terminus is at Memphis, Florida, which is just south of St. Petersburg at an intersection with US 41. Its northern terminus is in Erie, Pennsylvania, at an intersection with US 20 about two miles (3.2 km) from the shores of Lake Erie.

The length of the highway is 1,438.2 miles (2,314.6 km), including both US 19E/US 19W paths through North Carolina and Tennessee.

Sandy Springs, Georgia
Sandy Springs is a city in northern Fulton County, Georgia, within the  Atlanta metropolitan area. The city's population was 108,080 at the 2020 census, making it Georgia's 7th-most populous city. It is the site of several corporate headquarters, including UPS, Newell Brands, Inspire Brands, Focus Brands, Cox Enterprises, and Mercedes-Benz USA's corporate offices.
Willard Library
The Willard Library is a private donation library incorporated in 1881 to serve the city of Evansville, Indiana. In addition to standard publications, Willard Library also stores local and genealogical archives. It is built in the Gothic Revival style, designed by James W. Reid (of Reid & Reid).  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

Reid & Reid
Reid & Reid, also known as Reid Brothers, was an American architectural and engineering firm that was active from 1880 to 1932. Established in Indiana by Canadian immigrants, the firm moved to the West Coast and became was the most prominent firm in San Francisco, California, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was the third staging of the All-Ireland hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1887. The championship began on 27 July 1889 and ended on 3 November 1889.

Tipperary were the defending champions; however, they were defeated in the provincial series. Dublin won the title following a 5–1 to 1–6 defeat of Clare in the final.

1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match that was played at St.Patrick's GAA Field, Dublin on 1 November 1889 to determine the winners of the 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the second season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of Leinster and Munster. The final was contested by Dublin of Leinster and Clare of Munster, with Dublin winning by 5–1 to 1–6.

The All-Ireland final between Clare and Dublin was a unique occasion as it was the first championship meeting between the two teams.
Dilaton
In particle physics, the hypothetical dilaton is a particle of a scalar field  that appears in theories with extra dimensions when the volume of the compactified dimensions varies.  It appears as a radion in Kaluza–Klein theory's compactifications of extra dimensions.  In Brans–Dicke theory of gravity, Newton's constant is not presumed to be constant but instead 1/G is replaced by a scalar field  and the associated particle is the dilaton.

Scalar field
In mathematics and physics, a scalar field is a function associating a single number to each point in a region of space – possibly physical space. The scalar may either be a pure mathematical number (dimensionless) or a scalar physical quantity (with units).

In a physical context, scalar fields are required to be independent of the choice of reference frame. That is, any two observers using the same units will agree on the value of the scalar field at the same absolute point in space (or spacetime) regardless of their respective points of origin.  Examples used in physics include the temperature distribution throughout space, the pressure distribution in a fluid, and spin-zero quantum fields, such as the Higgs field.  These fields are the subject of scalar field theory.
Hyundai Veloster
The Hyundai Veloster (Korean: 현대 벨로스터, romanized: Hyeondae Belloseuteo) is a compact car which was produced by Hyundai from 2011 until 2022. The car differs from most other hatchbacks with its asymmetrical door configuration, featuring one large door on the driver side and two smaller doors on the passenger side. This configuration is more common on commercial vehicles and minivans.

North American International Auto Show
The Detroit Auto Show, formerly known as the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS), is an annual auto show held in Detroit, Michigan. Hosted at Huntington Place (formerly Cobo Center) since 1965, it is among the largest auto shows in North America, and is widely regarded as one of the automotive industry's most important events.

The show is organized by the Detroit Auto Dealers Association (DADA), and has been held annually in January for much of its recent history. It is usually open to the general public for 1–2 weeks, preceded by previews for industry employees and media, and a black-tie "charity preview" fundraiser for local children's charities.
Minister of Defence (Armenia)
The defence minister of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության նախարար, romanized: Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan nakharar) is the head of the country's Ministry of Defence, who is charged with the political leadership of the Armed Forces of Armenia. The position was originally created in 1918 and was re-established in January 1992 following Armenia's independence from the USSR, and is currently headed by Suren Papikyan. From 1993 to 1995, there was a concurrent position called the state minister for defence held by Vazgen Sargsyan.

Suren Papikyan
Suren Rafiki Papikyan (Armenian: Սուրեն Ռաֆիկի Պապիկյան; born 26 April 1986) is an Armenian politician currently serving as the Minister of Defense of Armenia. He formerly served as minister of territorial administration and infrastructure and briefly as deputy prime minister. He is also chairman of the board of the ruling Civil Contract Party.