hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 ATP Finals
The 2018 ATP Finals (also known as the 2018 Nitto ATP Finals for Nitto sponsorship) was a men's tennis year-end tournament that took place at the O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom, from 11 to 18 November 2018. It was the season-ending event for the highest-ranked singles players and doubles teams on the 2018 ATP World Tour.

Karen Khachanov
Karen Abgarovich Khachanov (born 21 May 1996) is a Russian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 8 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2019, and No. 53 in doubles, attained on 29 January 2024. Khachanov has won seven ATP Tour singles titles, the most significant at the 2018 Paris Masters, an ATP 1000-level event. In doubles, he has won one title at the 2023 Madrid Open, with compatriot Andrey Rublev.

His most notable career achievement is a silver medal in singles at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He also has reached two major semifinals at the 2022 US Open and 2023 Australian Open.
Chinese typewriter
Typewriters that can type Chinese characters were invented in the early 20th century. Written Chinese is a logographic writing system, and facilitating the use of thousands of Chinese characters requires more complex engineering than for a writing system derived from the Latin alphabet, which may require only tens of glyphs. An ordinary Chinese printing office uses 6,000 characters. Models began to be mass-produced in the 1920s. Many early models were manufactured by Japanese companies, following the invention of the Japanese typewriter by Kyota Sugimoto, which used kanji adopted from the Chinese writing system. At least sixty different models of Chinese typewriter have been produced, ranging from sizable mechanical models to electronic word processors.

Japanese typewriter
The first practical Japanese typewriter (Japanese: 和文タイプライター, Hepburn: wabun taipuraitā) was invented by Kyota Sugimoto in 1915. Out of the thousands of kanji characters, Kyota's original typewriter used 2,400 of them. He obtained the patent rights to the typewriter that he invented in 1929. Sugimoto's typewriter met its competition when the Oriental Typewriter was invented by Shimada Minokichi. The Otani Japanese Typewriter Company and Toshiba also later released their own typewriters.
Therfield
Therfield is a village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The village stands on a broad chalk ridge, about 2 miles (3 km) south-west of Royston. At its northern end, the parish includes the common land of Therfield Heath, which adjoins the edge of Royston.

Royston, Hertfordshire
Royston is a town and civil parish in the District of North Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England.

It is situated on the Greenwich Meridian, which brushes the town's eastern boundary, and at the northernmost apex of the county on the same latitude as towns such as Milton Keynes and Ipswich.  It is about 43 miles (69 km) north of central London in a rural area.

Until 1896, the boundary between Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire ran east–west through the centre of town along the middle of Baldock Street and Melbourn Street. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 17,444.
Efferent coupling
Efferent coupling is a coupling metric in software development. It measures the number of data types a class knows about.

This includes inheritance, interface implementation, parameter types, variable types, and exceptions.

This has also been referred to by Robert C. Martin as the Fan-out stability metric which in his book Clean Architecture he describes as Outgoing dependencies. This metric identifies the number of classes inside this component that depend on classes outside the component.

This metric is often used to calculate instability of a component in software architecture as I = Fan-out / (Fan-in + Fan-out). This metric has a range [0,1]. I = 0 is maximally stable while I = 1 is maximally unstable.

Coupling (computer programming)
In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are, and the strength of the relationships between modules. Coupling is not binary but multi-dimensional.

Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion. Low coupling often correlates with high cohesion, and vice versa. Low coupling is often thought to be a sign of a well-structured computer system and a good design, and when combined with high cohesion, supports the general goals of high readability and maintainability.
Dag Schjelderup-Ebbe
Dag Schjelderup-Ebbe (10 December 1926 – 1 February 2013) was a Norwegian musicologist, composer, music critic and biographer. He was a lecturer at the University of Oslo for thirty years, from 1973 with the title of professor. His research mainly centered on the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg.

Edvard Grieg
Edvard Hagerup Grieg (/ɡriːɡ/ GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛdvaʁd ˈhɑ̀ːɡəʁʉp ˈɡʁɪgː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of Norwegian folk music in his own compositions brought the music of Norway to fame, as well as helping to develop a national identity, much as Jean Sibelius did in Finland and Bedřich Smetana in Bohemia.

Grieg is the most celebrated person from the city of Bergen, with numerous statues that depict his image and many cultural entities named after him: the city's largest concert building (Grieg Hall), its most advanced music school (Grieg Academy) and its professional choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.
Namadhari
Namadhari is a term used for people of all castes who follow Sri Vaishnava tradition, sport vermillion nama (a vertical mark) on their foreheads and consider Sri Ramanujacharya as their guru. There are a number of different Namadhari castes like Namadhari Naik in Uttara Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada Districts, Namdhari Vokkaligas in Malenadu, Namadhari Nagarthas in southern Karnataka and northern Tamil Nadu. and Namadhari Dasari in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana.

Nagartha
The Nagartha or Nagarta are Vaishya as per Hindu caste of south India of merchants or agriculturalists.

The Nagartha caste contains two main divisions, Vaishnavas or Namadhari Nagarthas and Shiv  or Lingadhari Nagarthas.
Utagawa Kunimasa
Utagawa Kunimasa (歌川 国政, 1773 – December 26, 1810) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist of the Utagawa school.  He was originally from Aizu in Iwashiro Province and first worked in a dye shop after arriving in Edo (modern Tokyo).  It was there that he was noticed by Utagawa Toyokuni, to whom he became apprenticed.

Kunimasa is especially known for his yakusha-e portrait prints of kabuki actors, and for his bijin-ga pictures of beautiful women.  Richard Lane described his style as striving to "combine the intensity of Sharaku with the decorative pageantry of his master Toyokuni". Those who make such comparison often say he failed to achieve the level of Sharaku's intensity.

Utagawa school
The Utagawa school (歌川派) was one of the main schools of ukiyo-e, founded by Utagawa Toyoharu. It was the largest ukiyo-e school of its period. The main styles were bijin-ga (beautiful women) and uki-e (perspective picture). His pupil, Toyokuni I, took over after Toyoharu's death and led the group to become the most famous and powerful woodblock print school for the remainder of the 19th century.

Hiroshige, Kunisada, Kuniyoshi and Yoshitoshi were Utagawa students. The school became so successful and well known that today more than half of all surviving ukiyo-e prints are from it.

Founder Toyoharu adopted Western-style deep perspective, an innovation in Japanese art. His immediate followers, Utagawa Toyohiro and Toyokuni adopted bolder, more sensuous styles than Toyoharu and specialized in different genres — Toyohiro in landscapes and Toyokuni in kabuki actor prints. Later artists in the school specialized in other genres, such as warrior prints and mythic parodies.
Pablo Cuevas
Pablo Gabriel Cuevas Urroz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo ˈkweβas]; born 1 January 1986) is a Uruguayan tennis coach and a former professional player. Cuevas won the 2008 French Open men's doubles title with Luis Horna, and was especially noted throughout his career for spectacular trickshots.

Cuevas won six singles titles and had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 19, achieved in August 2016. His career-high doubles ranking was No. 14, achieved in April 2009.

In September 2019, Cuevas led the Uruguayan Davis Cup team to a victory over the Dominican Republic, winning entry into the highest Davis Cup tier, the World Group.

Thomaz Bellucci
Thomaz Cocchiarali Bellucci (born 30 December 1987, in Tietê) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 21 in July 2010.

Bellucci used a string of ATP Challenger Tour victories early in 2008 to break into the top 100 rankings of the ATP World Tour as a 20-year-old. He has won 4 ATP Tour titles (the 2009 and 2012 Swiss Open, the 2010 Movistar Open and the 2015 Geneva Open), reached the quarterfinals at the 2016 Olympics and reached the semi-finals of the 2011 Madrid Masters.
2019 Toronto Blue Jays season
The 2019 Toronto Blue Jays season was the  franchise's 43rd season in Major League Baseball, and 29th full season (30th overall) at Rogers Centre. The Blue Jays were managed by Charlie Montoyo in his first year as the Blue Jays manager. The Blue Jays began their season at home against the Detroit Tigers on March 28 and ended their season at home against the Tampa Bay Rays on Sunday, September 29. They finished with a record of 67–95, a worse record than the previous season, and failed to qualify for the postseason for the third consecutive year.

Charlie Montoyo
José Carlos Montoyo Díaz (born October 17, 1965) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball second baseman, manager and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Montreal Expos, managed the Toronto Blue Jays and coached for the Tampa Bay Rays and Chicago White Sox.

After eight seasons as manager of the minor league Durham Bulls, the  Triple-A affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays (2007–2014), Montoyo was among the candidates for the Rays' 2015 vacant managerial position and was ultimately hired as the team's third base coach. After the 2017 season, he became the Rays’ bench coach. On October 25, 2018, Montoyo was hired by the Toronto Blue Jays as their new manager, replacing John Gibbons. On July 13, 2022 Montoyo was fired by the Blue Jays. On November 3, 2022, Montoyo was named bench coach of the Chicago White Sox.
Stourbridge Town branch line
The Stourbridge Town branch line is a 0.8-mile (1.3 km) railway branch line, in Stourbridge, West Midlands, England. It is the shortest railway line in Britain. It is sometimes called the shortest line in Europe to host a daily service, although this is incorrect; it is notably beaten by the branch line to Friedrichshafen Hafen, in Germany.

The line, which was originally constructed to provide transshipment with the Stourbridge Town Arm of the Stourbridge Canal, is now solely used for passenger services.

The route is operated by Pre Metro Operations on behalf of West Midlands Trains. It is currently branded as part of the West Midlands Railway sub-brand. Under the previous franchise, which ended on 10 December 2017, the service was branded as the London Midland Stourbridge Shuttle. Service is provided using two Class 139 Parry People Movers.

Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Situated on the River Stour, the town lies around 11 miles (18 kilometres) west of Birmingham,
at the southwestern edge of the Black Country conurbation. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2021 UK census recorded the town's population as 56,950.
Steele, Alabama
Steele is a town in northeastern St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1952. As of the 2020 census, Steele had a population of 992. The town is a part of the Birmingham–Hoover–Cullman Combined Statistical Area. It was initially known as Steel's Station or Steele's Depot in the late 19th century.

St. Clair County, Alabama
St. Clair County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 91,103. It has two county seats: Ashville and Pell City. It is one of two counties in Alabama, and one of 33 in the United States, with more than one county seat. Its name is in honor of General Arthur St. Clair, an officer in the French and Indian War. St. Clair County is included in the Birmingham metropolitan area.
Kabobo apalis
The Kabobo apalis (Apalis kaboboensis) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is endemic to the Kabobo Massif in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is tropical moist montane forests.

Originally described as a distinct species, it was later treated as a subspecies of the chestnut-throated apalis. It is now again treated as a separate species.

Chestnut-throated apalis
The chestnut-throated apalis (Apalis porphyrolaema) is a species of bird in the cisticola family Cisticolidae. The Kabobo apalis, originally described as a distinct species, is usually treated as a subspecies A. p. kaboboensis of the chestnut-throated apalis today. It is itself sometimes considered to be the same species as the Chapin's apalis.
USS N-6
USS N-6 (SS-58), also known as "Submarine No. 58", was an N-class coastal submarine of the United States Navy commissioned during WWI. She spent the war patrolling off the coast of New England, and was decommissioned after less than four years in service.

Lake Torpedo Boat
41°10′04″N 73°09′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.167755°N 73.165817°W﻿ / 41.167755; -73.165817

The Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, was an early builder of submarines for the United States Navy in the early 20th century.
Sill (geology)
In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. A sill is a concordant intrusive sheet, meaning that it does not cut across preexisting rock beds. Stacking of sills builds a sill complex and a large magma chamber at high magma flux. In contrast, a dike is a discordant intrusive sheet, which does cut across older rocks.

Sheet intrusion
A sheet intrusion, or tabular intrusion, is a planar sheet of roughly the same thickness, that forms inside a pre-existing rock. When it cuts into another unlayered mass, or across layers, it is called a dike. When it is formed between layers in a layered rock mass, it is called a sill.

An igneous sheet intrusion is formed where a mass of molten magma takes advantage of a pre-existing linear feature in a host rock, such as a long rupture or fault, and forces its way into these spaces. Thus the magma, intruded between existing rocks, solidifies into large thin sheets of igneous rock. They are among the most extensive igneous features on Earth, in the form of dikes, laccoliths, cone sheets and sills.

When limestone or other precipitate forms in a fault space, it is a sedimentary sheet intrusion.
Aizu-Yokota Station
Aizu-Yokota Station (会津横田駅, Aizu-Yokota-eki) is a railway station on the Tadami Line in the town of  Kaneyama, Ōnuma District, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Kaneyama, Fukushima
Kaneyama (金山町, Kaneyama-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 1972, in 1037 households  and a population density of 6.7 persons per km2. The total area is 293.92 square kilometres (113.48 sq mi). Kaneyama is noted for its spectacular scenery.
Martinj Hrib
Martinj Hrib (pronounced [maɾˈtiːn ˈxɾːip], in older sources also Martinji Hrib) is a former village in western Slovenia in the Municipality of Logatec. It is now part of the town of Logatec. It is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region.

Logatec
Logatec (pronounced [lɔˈɡáːtəts] ⓘ; German: Loitsch, Italian: Longatico) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Logatec. It is located roughly in the centre of Inner Carniola, between the capital Ljubljana and Postojna. The town of Logatec has seen rapid industrial development and immigration since the completion of the nearby A1 motorway to the coast.
Thomas Melville Lunan
Thomas Melville Lunan FRIBA (1878–?) was a Scottish architect, prominent in first half of the 20th century. His design genre mainly included municipal buildings and churches, and he was focussed in the Glasgow area and the west coast of Scotland.

Perth City Hall
Perth City Hall is a civic building in King Edward Street, Perth, Scotland. Built in 1914, it is a Category B listed building.

The building served as a music hall before closing in 2005 and being replaced by Perth Concert Hall. Major renovations began in 2018 which included the introduction of a museum in part of the building.

It reopened on 30 March 2024 as the new home of Perth Museum, with the Stone of Destiny as one of the flagship items on display.
Jovito Salonga
Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation: [hoˈvito sɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, 1920 – March 10, 2016) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino lawyer and politician, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was then elected as the 14th president of the Senate of the Philippines and the first one after the new Constitution was just ratified, serving from 1987 up to his retirement from politics in 1992.

Salonga was known as the "Nation's Premier Fiscalizer." He is the only person to top the bar exam and the senatorial race multiple times (with the sole record of three elections garnering the highest number of popular votes in 1965, 1971, and 1987 immediately after People Power).

President of the Senate of the Philippines
President of the Senate of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas), commonly referred to as Senate President, is the title of the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines, and third highest and most powerful official in the government of the Philippines. They are elected by the entire body to be their leader. The Senate president is second in the line of succession to the presidency, behind only the vice president and ahead of the speaker of the House of Representatives.

The incumbent Senate president is Tito Sotto of the Nationalist People's Coalition.
Stanley M. Rowe Arboretum
The Stanley M. Rowe Arboretum is a public arboretum covering 3.6 hectares (8.9 acres) in Indian Hill, Ohio. It is owned by the Indian Hill city government and operated by a non-profit organization.

The arboretum was founded in 1926 by Stanley M. Rowe Sr. and his wife Dorothy Snowden Rowe. Their first trees were Northern Red Oaks, European Larch, Eastern White Pine, and Scots Pine. The Rowe property eventually expanded to 68 hectares (170 acres) containing some 1,800 different species of trees and shrubs, with a focus on conifers. As most of the finest trees were in one area, it was given to the village as a parkland.

The American Horticultural Society, honoring Rowe in 1982 with an amateur citation for the arboretum, commended its "remarkable collection of conifers, crabapples, magnolias, oaks and beeches". It has been designated as a Conifer Reference Garden by the American Conifer Society.

Indian Hill, Ohio
The Village of Indian Hill is a city in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of the Greater Cincinnati area. The population was 6,087 at the 2020 census. Prior to 1970, Indian Hill was incorporated as a village, but under Ohio law became designated as a city once its population was verified as exceeding 5,000. The municipality then changed its name to add "Village", and legally it is known as "The City of The Village of Indian Hill". The Village of Indian Hill is served by the Indian Hill Exempted Village School District (public school district).

According to Forbes, which authored a list of the wealthiest zip codes in Ohio in 2023, Indian Hill was in third place, directly behind the villages of Coldstream, another suburb within Greater Cincinnati, and Hunting Valley, just outside of Cleveland. The neighborhood's median household income, according to the United States Census Bureau and Forbes, was $194,643 as of 2021, while the median home value was listed at $918,000.
Ajdabiya–Kufra Road
Ajdabiya–Kufra road is an asphalt road in Libya running from Ajdabiya in northeastern Libya to Kufra in the country's southeastern part. It is about 864 km (537 mi) long. The road is essential for traffic from and to Awjila, Jalu, Jikharra, and Kufra oases. Some parts of the road are in a bad condition. Between Jalu and Kufra (584 km apart), there is no significant human settlement.

The Ajdabiya–Awjila section was built from 1973–1975.

The Awjila–Kufra section was completed between 1976 and 1980.

Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya (/ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ AHJ-də-BEE-ə; Arabic: أجدابيا, romanized: Aǧdābiyā) is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District.  The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.

During the Libyan Civil War, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces, with the anti-Gaddafi forces finally securing the town in April 2011.  As many civilians had fled the fighting, one March 2011 report described the city as a "ghost town."

Later, during the Second Libyan Civil War, the city was seized by the Ajdabiya Revolutionaries Shura Council until it was taken over by the Libyan National Army on 21 February 2016.
Cardigan Bay (horse)
Cardigan Bay (1956-1988) was a New Zealand harness racing pacer foaled 1 September 1956. Affectionately known as "Cardy", he was the first Standardbred to win US$1 million in prize money in North America. He was the ninth horse worldwide to win one million dollars, (the first eight were Thoroughbreds). Cardigan Bay won races in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the United States.

Along with his arch-rival, American champion of the day, Bret Hanover, he has a legitimate claim of being one of the truly great Standardbred racehorses. Cardigan Bay became an overnight sensation in the United States, and appeared with Stanley Dancer on The Ed Sullivan Show as the "million dollar horse".

Overtrick
Overtrick (foaled 1960) was a champion U.S. standardbred racehorse who was memorable for his breaking of many existing world records and his classic duels with champion pacer Meadow Skipper.

Overtrick raced against crack pacers Meadow Skipper and Country Don in all three legs of the 1963 harness racing Triple Crown. In the first leg, Meadow Skipper thumped Overtrick in a track record time. In the second race of the series, the Little Brown Jug, Overtrick turned the tables on Meadow Skipper beating him in second with Country Don third, and at the same time breaking the world record. Overtrick repeated the performance in the Messenger Stakes with Country Don second and Meadow Skipper third.