hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Soft updates
Soft updates is an approach to maintaining file system metadata integrity in the event of a crash or power outage.  Soft updates work by tracking and enforcing dependencies among updates to file system metadata.  Soft updates are an alternative to the more commonly used approach of journaling file systems.

Journaling file system
A journaling file system is a file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the file system's main part by recording the goal of such changes in a data structure known as a "journal", which is usually a circular log.  In the event of a system crash or power failure, such file systems can be brought back online more quickly with a lower likelihood of becoming corrupted.

Depending on the actual implementation, a journaling file system may only keep track of stored metadata, resulting in improved performance at the expense of increased possibility for data corruption.  Alternatively, a journaling file system may track both stored data and related metadata, while some implementations allow selectable behavior in this regard.
Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao
The Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao (Dutch: Gevolmachtigd Minister van Curaçao) represents the constituent country (Dutch: land) of Curaçao in the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The current Minister Plenipotentiary of Curaçao is Carlson Manuel. The Minister Plenipotentiary and his cabinet are seated in the "Curaçaohuis" (Curaçao House) in The Hague (which was the location of the Antillenhuis before the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles).

A significant difference between the Netherlands Ministers and the Ministers Plenipotentiary is that the former Ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The Ministers Plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments. Therefore, the Ministers Plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)
A minister plenipotentiary (Dutch: gevolmachtigd minister) represents the government of one of the Caribbean constituent countries as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The minister is part of the government of that country, but resides in the Netherlands, where they are part of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Cancel character
In telecommunications and character encoding, the term cancel character refers to a control character which may be either of:

"CAN", "Cancel", U+0018, or ^X used to indicate that the data with which it is associated are in error or are to be disregarded. Exact meaning can depend on protocol. For example:
In some journalistic text transmission formats, it signifies that the preceding word should be deleted; it is sometimes called "Kill Word" ("KW") in this context.
In some Videotex formats, it stops any running macros. In others, it clears the current line after the cursor position (compare EL).

"CCH", "Cancel Character", U+0094, or ESC T used to erase the previous character. This character was created as an unambiguous alternative to the much more common backspace character ("BS", U+0008), which has a now mostly obsolete alternative function of causing the following character to be superimposed on the preceding one.

Control character
In computing and telecommunications, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly graphic characters, also known as printing characters (or printable characters), except perhaps for "space" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, BEL, which might ring a bell.
South Bend station
South Bend is a train station in South Bend, Indiana. It is served by Amtrak's Lake Shore Limited between Chicago, Boston and New York City, and Floridian between Chicago and Miami. The station was built by the Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad in 1970; South Shore Line trains continued to use it until 1992.

South Bend Transpo
The South Bend Public Transportation Corporation (commonly known as Transpo) is a municipal bus system that serves the cities of South Bend and Mishawaka, as well as the nearby suburbs of Notre Dame and Roseland, in the very north of the U.S. state of Indiana. It is the most recent incarnation of the South Bend Railway Company, a street railway company that was founded on May 25, 1885. Transpo receives funding from local, state and federal taxes. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 1,401,300, or about 5,000 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025.
Miz'al ibn Jabir
Mazʽal ibn  Jabir (1839– 1897, styled Muaz us-Sultana) tribal leader of the Bani Kaab and Sheikh of Mohammerah He was the son of Haji Jabir Khan Ibn Merdaw and succeeded him upon his death. This was confirmed by an Imperial Qajar farman (executive order). Based on a report issued by the British Foreign Office in 1905 and various other political reports contemporary to the incident the assassination of Shaikh Miz'al bin Jaber was orchestrated by one of Ka'b's chiefs, a cousin of Shaikh Miz'al named Salmān bin Mansūr in 1897. The report further states that the sole survivor and youngest son of Haj Jaber, Shaikh Khaz'al, succeeded his brother following his demise. Some other accounts state that he was assassinated by his younger brother, Khazʽal Khan, while others state that he was slain by a palace guard under orders from Khazʽal.

Jabir ibn Merdaw
Jabir Bin Merdaw Al-Kaabi (1780–1881; Arabic: الشيخ جابر بن مرداو الكعبي) was the Sheikh of Mohammerah who established Mohammerah as a free port and shaikhdom during the 19th century of which he was the shaikh. Jabir was a shrewd and calculating individual. He established a cordial relationship with the Qajar kings. He remained in possession of Mohammerah with enjoyment of the title Nusrat-ul-Mulk until his death in October 1881. Jabir also became the imperial-appointed governor-general of his region. Jabir al- Kaabi was the leader of the Bani Kaab Arab tribe and the shaikh of Mohammerah during most of the nineteenth century.
Battle of Nasiriyah
The Battle of Nasiriyah was fought between the US 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade and Iraqi forces from 23 March to 2 April 2003 during the US-led invasion of Iraq. On the night of 24–25 March, the bulk of the Marines of Regimental Combat Team 1 passed through the city over the bridges and attacked north towards Baghdad. Other elements remained in the city to fight its defenders, who put up stiff resistance and inflicted several dozen casualties on coalition forces, more than in most other battles during the invasion. Resistance ceased on 1 April.

2nd Marine Regiment
The 2nd Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps. They are based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and fall under the command of the 2nd Marine Division and the II Marine Expeditionary Force.
Terry Pratchett's Hogfather
Terry Pratchett's Hogfather is a 2006 two-part British Christmas-themed fantasy comedy television adaptation of Hogfather by Terry Pratchett, produced by The Mob, and first broadcast on Sky1, and in High Definition on Sky1 HD, over Christmas 2006. First aired in two 1.5-hour episodes on 17 and 18 December 2006 at 20:00 UTC, it was the first live-action film adaptation of a Discworld novel. In 2007, the two episodes were rerun on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day respectively on Sky One and Sky1 HD.

Hogfather won the Best Visual Effects award at the 2007 British Academy Television Craft Awards.

Death (Discworld)
Death is a fictional character in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series and a parody of several other depictions of the Grim Reaper across Europe. He is a black-robed skeleton who usually carries a scythe and on occasion a sword for dispatching royalty. His jurisdiction is specifically the Discworld itself; he being only a minion of Azrael, the Death of all things across the Universes – in much the same way as the Death of Rats is an infinitesimally small part of Death himself.

Pratchett explores human existence through his depiction of death, which becomes more sympathetic throughout the series as it progresses.

Death almost never kills anyone or anything, but — acting in the form of a psychopomp — he merely ensures that when lives come to an end, they move on to where they believe they should go if they are sentient, which often involves a desert to be crossed.
Reversible lane
A reversible lane, also known as variable lane, dynamic lane, and tidal flow, is a managed lane in which traffic may travel in either direction, depending on certain conditions. Typically, it is meant to improve traffic flow during rush hours, by having overhead traffic lights and lighted street signs notifying drivers which lanes are open or closed to driving or turning.

Reversible lanes are also commonly found in tunnels and on bridges, and on the surrounding roadways – even where the lanes are not regularly reversed to handle normal changes in traffic flow. The presence of lane controls allows authorities to close or reverse lanes when unusual circumstances (such as construction or a traffic mishap) require use of fewer or more lanes to maintain orderly flow of traffic.

Barrier transfer machine
A barrier transfer machine, also known as zipper machine or road zipper, is a type of heavy vehicle that is used to transfer concrete lane dividers, such as Jersey barriers, in order to relieve traffic congestion during rush hours. Many other cities use them temporarily during construction work.  The lanes created by the machine are sometimes referred to as "zipper lanes".

One advantage of barrier systems over other lane management treatments such as traffic cones or overhead directional lights is that a solid, positive barrier prevents vehicle collisions due to motorists crossing over into opposing traffic flow.  A disadvantage is that lane widths can be slightly reduced.
Penrose square root law
In the mathematical theory of games, the Penrose square root law, originally formulated by Lionel Penrose, concerns the distribution of the voting power in a voting body consisting of N members.  It states that the a priori voting power of any voter, measured by the Penrose–Banzhaf index  scales like .

This result was used to design the Penrose method for allocating the voting weights of representatives in a decision-making bodies proportional to the square root of the population represented.

Banzhaf power index
The Banzhaf power index, named after John Banzhaf (originally invented by Lionel Penrose in 1946 and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index; also known as the Banzhaf–Coleman index after James Samuel Coleman), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an outcome of a vote where voting rights are not necessarily equally divided among the voters or shareholders.

To calculate the power of a voter using the Banzhaf index, list all the winning coalitions, then count the critical voters. A critical voter is a voter who, if changing their vote from yes to no, would cause the measure to fail. A voter's power is measured as the fraction of all swing votes that they could cast. There are some algorithms for calculating the power index, e.g., dynamic programming techniques, enumeration methods and Monte Carlo methods.
Malo maxima
Malo maxima is a small, and extremely dangerous Irukandji jellyfish that is known to cause Irukandji syndrome. It is one of the four species of Malo, along with Malo bella, Malo filipina, and Malo kingi. The Malo maxima was first described in 2005 by Lisa-ann Gershwin, who also described the Malo bella and Malo kingi jellyfish along with over 200 other species of jellyfish. Malo maxima differs from other species of jellyfish in many ways but the most confusing one is that they swim more like fish than jellyfish, however the reason for this is still unknown.

Malo filipina
Malo filipina is a small and venomous Irukandji jellyfish found in the Philippines.  It was first described to science in 2012, and is one of four species in genus Malo, often confused in the past with the M. maxima.
Gustav Kirchhoff
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊstaːf ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist and mathematician who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coined the term black body in 1860.

Several different sets of concepts are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him, which include Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation, Kirchhoff's diffraction formula, and Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry.

The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after Kirchhoff and his colleague, Robert Bunsen.

Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award
The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award is a prize for "outstanding achievements" in the field of analytical spectroscopy. It has been awarded since 1990 by the German Working Group for Applied Spectroscopy, and is endowed with €2,500 by PerkinElmer, Germany. The prize is named in honor of chemist Robert Bunsen and physicist Gustav Kirchhoff.
Casalbuttano ed Uniti
Casalbuttano ed Uniti (Cremunés: Cazalbütàan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Casalbuttano ed Uniti borders the following municipalities: Bordolano, Casalmorano, Castelverde, Castelvisconti, Corte de' Cortesi con Cignone, Olmeneta, Paderno Ponchielli, Pozzaglio ed Uniti.

Casalmorano
Casalmorano (Soresinese: Casalmuràn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Casalmorano borders the following municipalities: Annicco, Azzanello, Casalbuttano ed Uniti, Castelvisconti, Genivolta, Paderno Ponchielli, Soresina.
Woodside Bible Church
Woodside Bible Church is a non-denominational Christian megachurch based in Troy, Michigan. It is a multi-site church with 15 locations in the Detroit Metro area, with a total weekly attendance of over 9,000. The church is led by Pastor Chris Brooks, who has served as the church's senior pastor since May 2019.

Troy, Michigan
Troy is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A northern suburb of Detroit, Troy is located about 15 miles (24 km) north of downtown Detroit. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 87,294, making Troy the largest community in Oakland County and 13th-most populous municipality in the state.

Troy was organized as a township in 1827, and sections of the township were later incorporated into the cities of Birmingham, Clawson, and Royal Oak. The remainder of the township was incorporated as the city of Troy in 1955.
La Huerta, Parañaque
La Huerta (English: The Garden) is a barangay in the city of Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. It comprises a section of the old poblacion of Parañaque along the south bank of the Parañaque River by its mouth in Manila Bay. The coastal village encompasses the area from Don Galo on the north, Santo Niño (former Ibayo) and Moonwalk on the east and San Dionisio on the south. A portion of Global Airport Business Park along C-5 Road Extension is also under the jurisdiction of La Huerta. It also extends west to the reclaimed area in Manila Bay and covers the northernmost section of Freedom Island in the Las Piñas–Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 8,592.

Parañaque Cathedral
The Cathedral Parish of Saint Andrew, also known as the Diocesan Shrine of Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso and commonly known as Parañaque Cathedral, is one of the oldest Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, located in Parañaque City, Metro Manila. Established on May 11, 1580 (1580-05-11) by the Spanish Augustinians, it is, at present, the seat of the Diocese of Parañaque, which comprises the cities of Parañaque, Las Piñas, and Muntinlupa.
Maxxie and Anwar
"Maxxie and Anwar" is the sixth episode of the first series of the British teen drama Skins. It was written by Simon Amstell and Ben Schiffer and was directed by Chris Clough. It first aired on E4 on 1 March 2007. It is told from the points of view of main characters Maxxie Oliver and Anwar Kharral.

Tony Stonem
Anthony Stonem is a fictional character from the British television series Skins. He is the protagonist of the first two series. Portrayed by Nicholas Hoult, the character was created by Bryan Elsley; Tony was the series' central character in its first and second series, from 2007 to 2008. The character is considered an antihero, as many of his actions are questionable and antagonistic due to his manipulative tendencies. However, this changes in the second series after he becomes a victim of a subdural haematoma, affecting his personality and memories. Hoult, along with the other starring actors of the first two series, departed the show after its second series. The character was subsequently alluded to in episodes of the third and fourth series, which centred on Tony's sister Effy, played by Kaya Scodelario. In the 2011 American adaptation of the show, Tony is played by actor James Newman, and the character's surname is changed to Schneider.
Enoggera Magazine Complex
Enoggera Magazine Complex is a heritage-listed military installation at Inwood Road, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.

The Enoggera Magazine Complex is important for its long-term and continuous association with the Enoggera Army Camp (since 1911), presently known as Gallipoli Barracks. The magazine complex displays a strong ingenuity of design and construction adapted to the Queensland climate and safety requirements related to the storage of explosive materials. Furthermore, it may be the oldest surviving post-Federation military magazine complex in Australia.

Enoggera Barracks
Enoggera Barracks (also known as Gallipoli Barracks) is an Australian Army base in the northwestern Brisbane suburb of Enoggera in Queensland, Australia. It was officially established in the early 20th century when the area was used for field training, although the area was used by military units as far back as the mid-19th century. Since then it has been developed into a modern military base, which is now home to units of the 7th and 11th Brigades as well as the headquarters of the 1st Division and the 16th Aviation Brigade.
Mae Charim National Park
Mae Charim National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติแม่จริม), also known as Mae Jarim, is a protected area in the Luang Prabang Range, Nan Province, Northern Thailand. The Wa River, a popular river for white water rafting between July and December, flows through the park area. The park was established on 6 July 2007 with an area of 270,000 rai ~ 432 square kilometres (167 sq mi). Mae Charim National Park is part of the Luang Prabang montane rain forests ecoregion.

1,652 m high Doi Khun Lan is the highest peak within the park perimeter. There are said to be yetis in the area.

Luang Prabang Range
The Luang Prabang Range (Thai: ทิวเขาหลวงพระบาง, pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw lǔaŋ pʰráʔ bāːŋ]), named after Luang Prabang, is a mountain range straddling northwestern Laos and Northern Thailand.
Most of the range is located in Sainyabuli Province (Laos), as well as Nan and Uttaradit Provinces (Thailand), with small parts in Phitsanulok and Loei Provinces. Several rivers such as the Nan, Pua and Wa rivers, have their sources in this range. Phu Fa waterfall, the biggest and the tallest waterfall in Nan Province, is also located in these mountains. This range is part of the Luang Prabang montane rain forests ecoregion.

Geologically its composition is similar to that of the parallel Khun Tan Range and the Phi Pan Nam Range, both located further west.
Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
Immaculate Conception Cathedral (Spanish: Catedral de la Inmaculada Concepción) is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, the capital of San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. It serves as the episcopal seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Galápagos, a Latin Church jurisdiction of the Catholic Church that is immediately exempt to the Holy See.

Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto βakeˈɾiso moˈɾeno]) is the capital of Galápagos Province, Ecuador. It is located on the southwestern coast of San Cristóbal, the easternmost island in the archipelago, and is the capital of San Cristóbal Canton. It was founded by General Villamil Playas in the mid-19th century, and takes its name from President Alfredo Baquerizo (1859–1951). Today, fishing is the main activity of the locals, but tourism is on the increase along the waterfront with numerous hotels and shops.

The town has a cathedral, a post office, police station, a hospital, and a branch of the Universidad San Francisco de Quito. It also contains the Centro de Interpretación of the Galápagos National Park, which was established in 1988, and a natural history museum. It is served by San Cristóbal Airport, which connects to mainland Ecuador.
2020–21 Super Smash (women's cricket)
The 2020–21 Dream11 Super Smash was the fourteenth season of the women's Super Smash Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It ran from December 2020 to February 2021, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Canterbury Magicians beat Wellington Blaze in the final to win the tournament, their 5th Super Smash title.

The tournament ran alongside the 2020–21 Hallyburton Johnstone Shield.

Canterbury Magicians
The Canterbury Magicians is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand region of Canterbury. They play their home games at Hagley Oval, Christchurch. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield  one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are the most successful side in the history of the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield, with 39 title wins.
North and West London Light Railway
The North and West London Light Railway (NWLLR), formerly known as the Brent Cross Railway, is a proposal for a light rail system in North and West London in the UK. It was put forward by the London group of the Campaign for Better Transport and by the Coalition for a Sustainable Brent Cross Cricklewood.

The proposal, published in 2008, envisaged a rapid transit network using existing or abandoned railway corridors and would have been similar to the Docklands Light Railway (DLR). It was promoted in the context of the Brent Cross Shopping Centre expansion project, a major urban planning scheme that involves the redevelopment of Brent Cross and northern Cricklewood. The stated aim was to alleviate anticipated traffic problems when this development goes ahead.

The NWLLR has not been approved or funded.

Brent Cross West railway station
Brent Cross West is a railway station on the Thameslink route and on the Midland Main Line. The station serves Brent Cross and the northern parts of Cricklewood and Dollis Hill areas of north London. The station is part of the Brent Cross Town development, which also includes an investment to Cricklewood station further down the line. The station was opened on 10 December 2023.