hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Permic languages
The Permic or Permian languages are a branch of the Uralic language family. They are spoken in several regions to the west of the Ural Mountains within the Russian Federation. The total number of speakers is around 950,000, of which around 550,000 speak the most widely spoken language, Udmurt. Like other Uralic languages, the Permic languages are primarily agglutinative and have a rich system of grammatical cases. Unlike many other agglutinative languages, they do not have vowel harmony.

The earliest Permic language to be preserved in writing was Old Permic or Old Zyryan, in the 14th century.

Komi language
Komi (коми кыв, komi kyv, IPA: [komi kɨv] ⓘ), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (зыран коми кыв, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.

Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010.

It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century.
Edlington, Lincolnshire
Edlington is a village in the civil parish of Edlington with Wispington, in the East Lindsey district, in the county of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 2 miles (3.2 km) north-west of Horncastle. In 1961 the parish had a population of 105. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Wispington to form Edlington with Wispington.

Edlington Grade II listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Helen. Originating in the 12th century, it was rebuilt in 1859 by James Fowler, but retained its Norman tower arch and Early English font.

Another listed building is the late 16th-century Hall Farm House.

Edlington with Wispington
Edlington with Wispington is a civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is approximately 2 miles (3 km) north-west of Horncastle town centre. It contains the hamlets of Edlington and Wispington.

In the 2001 Census the parish population was 147, and 134 at the 2011 Census.

The parish was formed on 1 April 1987 from the Edlington and Wispington parishes. It has an annual parish meeting.

The former Edlington medieval village 53°13′08″N 0°10′44″W﻿ / ﻿53.219°N 0.179°W﻿ / 53.219; -0.179﻿ (Edlington DMV) with a sunken road and house bases is in the parish.
Preah Monivong National Park
Preah Monivong Bokor National Park (Khmer: ឧទ្យានជាតិព្រះមុនីវង្ស បូកគោ, pronounced [ʔuʒiən ciət prĕəh muniːvuŋ]) is a national park in southern Cambodia's Kampot Province that was established in 1993 and covers 1,544.58 km2 (596.37 sq mi). In 2003, it was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park. It is located in the Dâmrei Mountains, forming the southeastern parts of the Cardamom Mountains. Most of the park is about 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and the highest peak is Phnom Bokor at 1,081 m (3,547 ft), also referred to as Bokor Mountain.

Cardamom Mountains
The Cardamom Mountains (Khmer: ជួរភ្នំក្រវាញ, Chuŏr Phnum Krâvanh [cuə pʰnum krɑʋaːɲ]; Thai: ทิวเขาบรรทัด, Thio Khao Banthat [tʰīw kʰǎw bān.tʰát]), or the Krâvanh Mountains, is a mountain range in the southwest part of Cambodia and Eastern Thailand. The majority of the range is within Cambodia.

The silhouette of the Cardamom Mountains appears in the provincial seal of Trat Province in Thailand.
Sella Limba Chiefdom
Sella Limba is a chiefdom of Karene District in the North West Province of Sierra Leone (before 2017 in Bombali District at Northern Province). The principal town lies at Kamakwie.

As of 2004 the chiefdom has a population of 52,579.

Karene District
Karene District is a district in the North West Province, Sierra Leone. Karene is one of the sixteen districts that make up the Republic of Sierra Leone. The capital and largest city of Karene District is Kamakwie Karene along with Falaba District are the two new districts of Sierra Leone formed in December 2017, after they were ratified by the Sierra Leone Parliament in the government of former president Ernest Bai Koroma

The major economic activity in Karene is farming. The Temne people is the predominant majority ethnic group in Karene.
Avanti–Magadhan War
The Avanti-Magadhan war was fought between Magadha and Avanti for domination over much of North India.

The ancient Indian states were almost always in conflict with one another. During the reign of King Bimbisara of the Haryanka dynasty of Magadha pursued an expansionist policy. This caused him to come into conflict with the Pradyota dynasty of Avanti. Bimbisara had to fortify Rajgir due to the threat of an Avanti invasion. During the early years of the reign of Ajatashatru, Avanti managed to establish its supremacy by invading certain parts of Magadhan territories.

Pradyota dynasty
Pradyota dynasty was a ruling dynasty of Avanti, founded by Pradyota, after his father Punika, a minister in the court of the king of Ujjaini, the northern part of the former Avanti kingdom, and placed his own son on the throne in 546 BCE.

'Pradyota or Chanda Pradyota' was the founder of the dynasty and the ruler of Avanti. Pradyota was the son of Pulika (or Punika), who is said to have killed previous King Ripunjaya of Brihadratha dynasty at Ujjain, to make his son the king. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.

According to 'Visarasreni' of Merutunga, Palaka was the son of Pradyota who have ruled from c. 659–635 BCE. He is said to have conquered Kosambi. Palaka is said to have ruled for 25 years.

Visakhayupa, Ajaka, Nandivardhana is said to have ruled for 50, 21 and 20 years respectively.
Zeldenrust, Dokkum
Zeldenrust is a smock mill in Dokkum, Friesland, Netherlands which was built in 1862 and has been restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 13097. The name translates as, "Seldom at rest."

Dokkum
Dokkum (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɔ.kʏm] ⓘ) is a Dutch fortified city in the municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân in the province of Friesland. It has 12,669 inhabitants (February 8, 2020). The fortifications of Dokkum are well preserved and are known as the bolwerken (bulwarks). It is the fifth most popular shopping city in Friesland. It also had the smallest hospital in the Netherlands.
Porthleven F.C.
Porthleven Football Club is a Cornish football club based in Porthleven in Cornwall. Founded in 1896, the club competed in the South Western League from 1967 to 1977 and again from 1989 until the dissolution of the league in 2007, when they joined the new South West Peninsula League. They currently play in the St Piran League Premier Division West.

Porthleven
Porthleven (/ˌpɔːθˈlɛvən/; Cornish: Porthlynn) is a town, civil parish and fishing port in Cornwall, England. The most southerly port in Great Britain, it was a harbour of refuge when this part of the Cornish coastline was infamous for wrecks in the days of sail. The South West Coast Path from Somerset to Dorset passes through the town. At the 2021 census, the population of the parish was 3,117.
Colbost
Colbost (Scottish Gaelic: Cealabost) is a scattered hamlet on the B884 road, in the Glendale estate, overlooking Loch Dunvegan on the Scottish island of Skye.

The two main attractions of this small settlement are The Three Chimneys restaurant and the Croft Museum.

Glendale, Skye
Glendale (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Dail) is a community-owned estate on the north-western coastline of the Duirinish peninsula on the island of Skye and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. The estate encompasses the small crofting townships of Skinidin, Colbost, Fasach, Glasphein, Holmisdale, Lephin, Hamaraverin, Borrodale, Milovaig, Waterstein, Feriniquarrie, Totaig, Hamara, and others.
Elisabetta Visconti
Elisabetta Visconti (1374 – 2 February 1432), also known as Elisabeth or Elizabeth, was a younger child of Bernabò Visconti and his wife, Beatrice Regina della Scala. Elisabetta was a member of the House of Visconti.

Visconti of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords and then as dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277.
Ribera del Andarax
Ribera del Andarax is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Andalusia. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises the following municipalities: Alboloduy, Alhabia, Alhama de Almería, Alicún, Almócita, Alsodux, Beires, Bentarique, Canjáyar, Enix, Félix, Gérgal, Huécija, Íllar, Instinción, Nacimiento, Ohanes, Padules, Rágol, Santa Cruz de Marchena y Terque, in the province of Almería (Andalusia, Spain).

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2003.

Vino de la tierra
Vino de la tierra is a quality of Spanish wine that designates the rung below the mainstream quality wine classification of denominación de origen protegida (DOP). It is the equivalent of the French vin de pays. It represents a higher quality than table wine, and covers still wine, sparkling wine, and fortified wine. Since 2016 the classification is called indicación geográfica protegida (IGP), but wines can still use the traditional name of vino de la tierra. The labels of vino de la tierra wines are allowed to state the year of vintage and the grape varieties used in production.

In 2019 there were 42 registered vino de la tierra wines in Spain.
North Park Blocks
The North Park Blocks form a city park in the Pearl District, Portland, Oregon, in the United States. Most of the park is in northwest Portland (north of Burnside Street), but one block (Ankeny Square) is in southwest Portland (south of Burnside).

Pearl District, Portland, Oregon
The Pearl District is an area of Portland, Oregon, formerly occupied by warehouses, light industry and railroad classification yards and now noted for its art galleries, upscale businesses and residences.  The area has been undergoing significant urban renewal since the mid-1980s when it was reclassified as mixed use from industrial, including the arrival of artists, the removal of a viaduct and construction of the Portland Streetcar. It now consists of industrial building conversion to offices, high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions.

The increase of high-rise condominiums and warehouse-to-loft conversions was made evident with the construction of the Cosmopolitan on the Park building, which opened in Summer 2016. The Cosmopolitan on the Park residential building is now the tallest building in the Pearl District and the 8th tallest building in Portland, contributing to the changing Portland skyline.
Clark v. Board of School Directors
Clark v. Board of School Directors, 24 Iowa 266 (1868), was an Iowa Supreme Court case in which the Court held that school districts may not segregate students on the basis of race. In 1867, Susan Clark, a 13-year-old African American, sued the local school board of Muscatine, Iowa, because she was refused admittance into Grammar School No. 2 under the notion that it was a white school only. Clark, the daughter of local businessman Alexander Clark, said in her lawsuit that the segregation was a violation of Iowa law and the Iowa State Constitution. Iowa trial court and state district court sided with Clark. On appeal, the Iowa Supreme Court upheld the district court's decision.

Iowa Supreme Court
The Iowa Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Iowa. The Court is composed of a chief justice and six associate justices.

The Court holds its regular sessions in Des Moines in the Iowa Judicial Branch Building located at 1111 East Court Avenue on the state Capitol grounds, south of the Iowa State Capitol.
Nawabganj Sugar Factory Railway
Nawabganj Sugar Factory Railway was built in 1932-33 to serve the sugar factory at Nawabganj, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. It was connected to the Bengal and North Western Railway (B&NWR) at Barabanki Junction. The B&NWR line and the sugar factory branch were both metre gauge. The line was later dismantled.

Barabanki Junction railway station
Barabanki Junction or Barabanki station is the intercity rail station and a commuter rail hub in the Indian city of Barabanki. It has been important junction since the days of British control of India. In its category it is one of the important stations in NER. The Barabanki Junction railway station is on the Delhi– Basti– Gorakhpur main broad-gauge route in Uttar Pradesh. Barabanki Junction is also the hub for the Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway. Barabanki railway station lies in the zone of high density stations.
IBM MQ
IBM MQ is a family of message-oriented middleware products that IBM launched in December 1993. It was originally called MQSeries, and was renamed WebSphere MQ in 2002 to join the suite of WebSphere products. In April 2014, it was renamed IBM MQ. The products that are included in the MQ family are IBM MQ, IBM MQ Advanced, IBM MQ Appliance, IBM MQ for z/OS, and IBM MQ on IBM Cloud. IBM MQ also has containerised deployment options.

MQ allows independent and potentially non-concurrent applications on a distributed system to securely communicate with each other, using messages. MQ is available on a large number of platforms (both IBM and non-IBM), including z/OS (mainframe), IBM i, Transaction Processing Facility, UNIX (AIX, HP-UX, Solaris), HP NonStop, OpenVMS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows.

Message queue
In computer science, message queues and mailboxes are software-engineering components typically used for inter-process communication (IPC), or for inter-thread communication within the same process. They use a queue for messaging – the passing of control or of content.  Group communication systems provide similar kinds of functionality.

The message queue paradigm is a sibling of the publisher/subscriber pattern, and is typically one part of a larger message-oriented middleware system. Most messaging systems support both the publisher/subscriber and message queue models in their API, e.g. Java Message Service (JMS).

Competing Consumers pattern enables multiple concurrent consumers to process messages on the same message queue.
Konyak Naga
The Konyaks are a major Naga ethnic group native to the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland. They inhabit in the Mon District, which is also known as The Land of the Anghs. The Anghs/Wangs are their traditional chiefs whom they hold in high esteem. Facial tattoos were earned for taking an enemy's head.

Naga people
Nagas are various Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian state of Nagaland and Naga Self-Administered Zone of Myanmar (Burma); with significant populations in Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in India, and Sagaing Region and Kachin State in Myanmar.

The Nagas are divided into various Naga ethnic groups whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct Naga languages often unintelligible to the others, but all are loosely connected to each other.
Air and Coastal Defense Command
The Air and Coastal Defense Command or ACDC  (Thai: หน่วยบัญชาการต่อสู้อากาศยานและรักษาฝั่ง) or shortly called in Thai as (Thai: สอ.รฝ.) is the Anti-aircraft warfare and Coastal defence force of the Royal Thai Navy. This Command is composed of the two Air Defence Regiment and one Coastal Defence Regiment. Even though they are artillerymen, but they are trained in skills related to self-defense on the battlefield if the fire base is attacked or attacked while moving. However, they are trained protecting equipment, facilities and operations from threats or hazards in order to preserve operational effectiveness.

Royal Thai Marine Corps
The Royal Thai Marine Corps or RTMC (Thai: หน่วยบัญชาการนาวิกโยธิน) are the marines of the Royal Thai Navy (RTN). The Royal Thai Marine Corps was founded in 1932, when the first battalion was formed with the assistance of the United States Marine Corps (USMC). It was expanded to a regiment in 1940 and was in action against communist guerrillas throughout the 1950s and 1960s. During the 1960s the USMC assisted in its expansion into a brigade. The RTMC saw action on the Malaysian border in the 1970s, and has now been increased to four brigades.
Sjaak Pieters
Klaas Pieter "Sjaak" Pieters (born 22 July 1957) is a retired Dutch track cyclist who was active between 1976 and 1985. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in the sprint, but failed to reach the final. He won two bronze medals in the tandem at world championships, in 1978 and 1982. He was a national champion in this event in 1977, 1978 and 1982–1985.

Pieters is married to Olympic gymnast Ans Dekker. His brother Peter and niece Amy are also Olympic cyclists.

Amy Pieters
Amy Pieters (born 1 June 1991) is a Dutch professional road and track cyclist, who is contracted to ride for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team SD Worx–Protime. She was a member of the Dutch team that finished sixth at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the team pursuit (together with Ellen van Dijk, Kirsten Wild and Vera Koedooder).

On 23 December 2021, Pieters was placed in an induced coma and underwent emergency surgery to relieve pressure on her brain caused by a fall that day during a training ride near Alicante with the Dutch national track team. After being repatriated to the Netherlands the following month, Pieters had regained consciousness in April but, due to the brain injury sustained, doctors were unsure of her "residual symptoms and remaining abilities". In October 2022, Pieters was able to take her first steps since the fall, at a neuro-rehabilitation centre in Woerden.
Jinja (template engine)
Jinja is a web template engine for the Python programming language. It was created by Armin Ronacher and is licensed under a BSD License. Jinja is similar to the Django template engine, but provides Python-like expressions while ensuring that the templates are evaluated in a sandbox. It is a text-based template language and thus can be used to generate any markup as well as source code.

The Jinja template engine allows customization of tags, filters (for formatting or transforming values), tests (for evaluating conditions), and globals.  Also, unlike the Django template engine, Jinja allows the template designer to call functions with arguments on objects.
Jinja is the default template engine for Flask, as well as Home Assistant's Automations. It is also used by Ansible, Trac, and Salt. It is also used to make SQL macros, for example for use with dbt.

Ansible (software)
Ansible is a suite of software tools that enables infrastructure as code. It is open-source and the suite includes software provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment functionality.

Originally written by Michael DeHaan in 2012, and acquired by Red Hat in 2015, Ansible is designed to configure both Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows. Ansible is agentless, relying on temporary remote connections via SSH or Windows Remote Management which allows PowerShell execution. The Ansible control node runs on most Unix-like systems that are able to run Python, including Windows with Windows Subsystem for Linux installed. System configuration is defined in part by using its own declarative language.
William Emerson Sr.
William Emerson Sr. (May 31, 1743 – October 30, 1776) was an American Congregational minister from Concord, Massachusetts. He was the father of William Emerson Jr. and Mary Moody Emerson, and grandfather of Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Mary Moody Emerson
Mary Moody Emerson (August 23, 1774 – May 1, 1863) was an American letter writer and diarist. She was known not only as her nephew Ralph Waldo Emerson's "earliest and best teacher", but also as a "spirited and original genius in her own right". Ralph Waldo Emerson considered her presence in his life a “blessing which nothing else in education could supply”; and her vast body of writing—her thousands of letters and journal entries spanning more than fifty years—"became one of Emerson's most important books". Her surviving documents reveal the voice of a "woman who […] had something to say to her contemporaries and who can continue to speak to ours" about "the great truths that were the object of her life's pilgrimage".
5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force), also abbreviated as 5 GR(FF) and previously 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force) is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army comprising Gurkha soldiers of Nepalese origin. It was formed in 1858 as part of the British Indian Army.
The regiment's battalions served in the First World War and Second World War (Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran, Mediterranean, Italian campaign, and in Burma).

The regiment was known as the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force) when it was one of the Gurkha regiments that was transferred to the Indian Army following the independence of Indian and Pakistan in 1947 and given its current name in 1950.

Since 1947, the regiment has served in a number of conflicts, including the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. It has also participated in peacekeeping operations in Sri Lanka.

Battle of Sylhet
The Battle of Sylhet was a major battle fought between the advancing Indian Army, Bangladesh Forces and the defending Pakistan Army at Sylhet during the Bangladesh Liberation War. The battle took place from 7 December to 15 December. It was a succession of the Battle of Gazipur in Kulaura.
North Mankato, Minnesota
North Mankato (/mænˈkeɪtoʊ/ ⓘ man-KAY-toh) is a city in Nicollet and Blue Earth Counties, Minnesota, United States. The population was 14,275 at the 2020 census. North Mankato is situated on the north bank of the Minnesota River, across from the larger city of Mankato.

Most of North Mankato is in Nicollet County, but a small part extends into Blue Earth County. It is neighbored to the south across the Minnesota River by Mankato. The two cities have a combined population of 58,763. North Mankato is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Mankato-North Mankato Metropolitan Statistical Area.

North Mankato was incorporated as a village on December 19, 1898. U.S. Highways 14 and 169 and Minnesota State Highway 60 are three of the city's main routes.

Nicollet County, Minnesota
Nicollet County (/ˈnɪkəlɪt/ NIH-kə-lit) is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 34,454. Its county seat is St. Peter.

Nicollet County is part of the Mankato–North Mankato Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Memory semantics (computing)
In computing and parallel processing, memory semantics refers to the process logic used to control access to shared memory locations, or at a higher level to shared variables in the presence of multiple threads or processors.

Memory semantics may also be defined for transactional memory, where issues related to the interaction of transactions and locks, and user-level actions need to be defined and specified.

Transactional memory
In computer science and engineering, transactional memory attempts to simplify concurrent programming by allowing a group of load and store instructions to execute in an atomic way. It is a concurrency control mechanism analogous to database transactions for controlling access to shared memory in concurrent computing.
Transactional memory systems provide high-level abstraction as an alternative to low-level thread synchronization. This abstraction allows for coordination between concurrent reads and writes of shared data in parallel systems.