hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hopfensee
Hopfensee is a lake in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. At an elevation of 783.8 m, its surface area is 194 ha.

The maximum length of the lake is 2.1 km, and its circumference is 6.8 km. It lies north of Füssen in Ostallgäu. Its maximum depth is 10 m. It was formed by the Lechtal glacier and is one of the remains of a larger Fuessener See. The Hopfensee-Ach flows out of the lake and into the Forggensee.

On the northeast shore is the resort Hopfen am See. There is a campground on the east shore. Besides swimming, which is possible as early as the end of May, boating, sailing, and wind surfing are common activities.

The north shore has extensive views of the Allgäu Alps.

Forggensee
The Forggensee, also called the Roßhaupten Reservoir, is a reservoir located north of Füssen in the county of Ostallgäu in Bavaria, Germany and one of many lakes in the region around Hohenschwangau and Neuschwanstein castles. With a surface area of 15.2 km2, it is the fifth-largest lake in Bavaria and the largest reservoir in Germany by area. The River Lech flows through it. The Forggensee is known primarily as a tourist destination for aquatic sports and recreation. Besides Füssen, other settlements on the lake include  Halblech, Rieden am Forggensee and Roßhaupten. The lake takes its name from the former hamlet of Forggen which has been submerged by the reservoir.
Nabeshima Naoshige
Nabeshima Naoshige (鍋島 直茂; April 12, 1538 – July 24, 1618) was a warlord of the Sengoku and early Edo periods and progenitor of the Nabeshima lords of the Saga Domain. 
Naoshige was the second son of Nabeshima Kiyofusa (鍋島清房). His mother was the daughter of Ryūzōji Iesumi (龍造寺家純). 
He was a vassal of the Ryūzōji clan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century.

Saga Castle
Saga Castle (佐賀城, Saga-jō) is a Japanese castle located in Saga City, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is a hiraijirō, a castle built on a plains rather than a hill or mountain, and is surrounded by a wall rather than being built above a stone base. Saga castle was home to the Nabeshima clan, daimyō of Saga Domain. It was also known as "Submerged Castle" (沈み城, Shizumi-jō).
The Boy on the Seahorse
The Boy on the Seahorse  (Spanish: "El niño sobre el caballito de mar"), commonly known as El caballito, is a sculpture by Rafael Zamarripa. Two versions are installed in Puerto Vallarta, in the Mexican state of Jalisco; one along the Malecón in Centro and another at Playa de los Muertos in Zona Romántica.

One of the existing sculptures along the Malecón, installed in 1976, replaced a smaller version which was erected at Playa de los Muertos in the late 1960s but later swept away by a storm. The work has been described as an icon of the city.

Malecón, Puerto Vallarta
The Malecón is a 12-block, mile-long esplanade in Puerto Vallarta's Centro and Zona Romántica, in the Mexican state of Jalisco. The waterfront crosses the Cuale River via Puente Río Cuale.

Built between 1935 and 1936, it was expanded between 1940 and 1952. In 2002, the Malecón was destroyed by Hurricane Kenna. After 9 years of repairs, the Malecón was reopened with a wider pedestrian walkway.

On the Malecón there are several restaurants, clothing stores, jewelry stores, and craft vendors. Among the features of the place are Los Arcos, the Malecón Lighthouse, and a collection of sculptures.
Sex determination in Silene
Silene is a flowering plant genus that has evolved a dioecious reproductive system. This is made possible through heteromorphic sex chromosomes expressed as XY. Silene recently evolved sex chromosomes 5-10 million years ago and are widely used by geneticists and biologists to study the mechanisms of sex determination since they are one of only 39 species across 14 families of angiosperm that possess sex-determining genes. Silene are studied because of their ability to produce offspring with a plethora of reproductive systems. The common inference drawn from such studies is that the sex of the offspring is determined by the Y chromosome.

Microbotryum violaceum infection of Silene latifolia
Microbotryum violaceum is a host-specific anther smut (fungus) disease that infects Silene latifolia and sterilizes the host plant. When infected with this disease, the flowers generate pathogenic spores, which can then be transferred to other plants by pollinating insects. Therefore, this disease is sometimes classified as a sexually transmitted infection.
Jambyl Region
Jambyl Region, formerly named Dzhambul Region until 1991, is a region of Kazakhstan. The population of the region is 1,209,665 Its administrative center is Taraz, with a population of 335,100. To the south the region borders Kyrgyzstan and nearly borders Uzbekistan in the southwest. Jambyl also borders three other provinces of Kazakhstan: Karaganda Region (to the north), Turkistan Region (to the west), and Almaty Region (to the east). The total area is 144,200 square kilometres (55,700 mi2). The province borders Lake Balkhash to its northeast. The province (and its capital during the Soviet era) was named after the Kazakh akyn (folk singer) Jambyl Jabayev.

Turkistan Region
Turkistan Region, formerly known as South Kazakhstan Region from 1992 to 2018 and Chimkent Region from 1963 to 1991, is the southernmost region of Kazakhstan, bordering Uzbekistan. It had a population of 2,088,510 as of the 2022 Kazakhstan census.

The region's capital is Turkistan, formerly Shymkent until 2018. Other cities in the region include Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Zhetisai, Saryagash, and Lenger.
Rappenkrieg (Basel)
The Rappenkrieg was a peasant uprising lasting from 1591–1594, involving a conflict between the Swiss city of Basel and the surrounding Prince-Bishopric of Basel. The uprising was caused by the increase in the rate of sales tax on wine and meat. After several years the conflict was ended through negotiations headed up by the Basel merchant turned politician Andreas Ryff.

The name "Rappenkrieg" comes from the local word, Rappen, then as now the term for a low value coin:  "Rappenkrieg" can be loosely translated as the "Pence/Cents War".

The Basel Rappenkrieg is not to be confused with the Rappenkrieg in Western Austria from 1612 to 1614 in the adjacent Fricktal and the Rhine, although both had similar causes.

Rappenkrieg
The Rappenkrieg was a conflict that lasted from July 1612 until September 1614 in the Further Austrian district of Breisgau.  It involved the Austrian rulers putting down a peasant uprising.  The uprising occurred in what is now the Swiss Canton of Aargau and in the southern portion of what is now the German State of Baden-Württemberg.  It is not to be confused with the Rappenkrieg in Basel-Stadt, Switzerland (1591–1594), although it had similar causes.
Emil Frey
Emil Johann Rudolf Frey (24 October 1838 – 24 December 1922) was a Swiss politician, Union Army soldier in the American Civil War and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1890–1897). He served as President of the Swiss Confederation in 1894.

Arlesheim
Arlesheim is a town and a municipality in the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Country in Switzerland. Its cathedral chapter seat, bishop's residence and cathedral (1681 / 1761) are listed as a heritage site of national significance.

The official language of Arlesheim is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, while the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The cathedral has a Baroque organ built by the German builder Johann Andreas Silbermann, based in Alsace, in 1761. The instrument was restored by Metzler in 1959–1962, and is an example of the fusion of French and German organ building styles. It has been used in several recordings, including Lionel Rogg's recording of the complete organ works of J. S. Bach, for Harmonia Mundi France in 1970.
State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom
The state visit of Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom was held from 16 to 19 September 2010 and was the first visit by a pope to Britain after Pope John Paul II made a pastoral, rather than state, visit in 1982. The visit included the beatification of Cardinal Newman as a "pastoral highlight".

Pope Benedict's visit included meetings with Elizabeth II (Queen of the United Kingdom and Supreme Governor of the Church of England), Prime Minister David Cameron, Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, First Minister of Scotland Alex Salmond, and leaders of the other main political parties.

The Pope's itinerary included open air Masses in Glasgow and Birmingham, a youth vigil in Hyde Park in London, and Mass at Westminster Cathedral in London, attended by over 200,000 people.

Keith O'Brien
Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien (17 March 1938 – 19 March 2018) was a senior-ranking Catholic prelate in Scotland. He was the Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh from 1985 to 2013.

O'Brien was the leader of the Catholic Church in Scotland and had been the head of its conference of bishops until he stepped down as archbishop in February 2013. O'Brien's resignation followed publication of allegations that he had engaged in inappropriate and predatory sexual conduct with priests and seminarians under his jurisdiction and abused his power. O'Brien was opposed to homosexuality, which he described as "moral degradation", and a vehement opponent of same-sex marriage.

On 20 March 2015, the Vatican announced that though he remained a member of the College of Cardinals, O'Brien would not exercise his rights or duties as a cardinal, in particular voting in papal conclaves; he had excused himself from participating in the 2013 conclave. O'Brien died after a fall, aged 80, on 19 March 2018.
Jean Löfblad
Jean (Johan) Löfblad (1728-1774), was a Swedish stage actor.  He was a member of the Stenborg Company, for a long period the only Swedish language theater active in Stockholm, and described as the leading star and attraction of the company together with his wife, Johanna Löfblad.  He was foremost famed for his role as Harlequin, a very popular genre, and referred to as the "Harlequin of Stockholm".

Johanna Löfblad
Johanna Catharina Löfblad née Embeck or Enbäck (1733 – 14 September 1811), also known as Madame Gentschein and Madame Löfblad, was a Swedish stage actress.  She was a member of the pioneer group of actors in the first Swedish national theatre of Bollhuset.
Nation Broadcasting Corporation
Nation Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) is a Philippine radio and television broadcast company established in 1963. As of December 2013, NBC is a subsidiary of MediaQuest Holdings, Inc. under the PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund. NBC's radio and television stations are operated by sister network TV5 Network, Inc.; its corporate offices and studios are shared with the latter at the TV5 Media Center, Reliance cor. Sheridan Sts., Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines.

DYFM-FM
DYFM (101.9 FM) is a radio station owned and operated by Nation Broadcasting Corporation, a sister company of TV5 Network Inc. It serves as a repeater station of True FM in Manila. The station's transmitter is located atop Mt. Busay, Brgy. Babag 1, Cebu City. It is considered to be the first Stereo FM station in Cebu City.
Carros
Carros (French pronunciation: [kaʁɔs]; Occitan: Carròs) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. Carros is one of sixteen villages grouped together by the Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur tourist department as the Route des Villages Perchés (Route of Perched Villages). The others are: Aspremont, Castagniers, Coaraze, Colomars, Duranus, Èze, Falicon, La Gaude, Lantosque, Levens, La Roquette-sur-Var, Saint-Blaise, Saint-Jeannet, Tourrette-Levens and Utelle.

Aspremont, Alpes-Maritimes
Aspremont (French pronunciation: [aspʁəmɔ̃]; Italian: Aspromonte di Nizza, formerly; Niçard: Aspermùnt) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France.
Wells State Park (Massachusetts)
Wells State Park is a public recreation area located off Route 49 in the town of Sturbridge, Massachusetts. The state park includes frontage on Walker Pond and the  scenic metamorphic rock cliff face of Carpenter Rocks. Terrain is rugged with ledges interspersed between wetlands. Woodlands are of the oak-hickory forest and northern hardwood forest types with groves of eastern white pine. The park is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.

Sturbridge, Massachusetts
Sturbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to Old Sturbridge Village living history museum and other sites of historical interest such as Tantiusques.

The population was 9,867 at the 2020 census, with more than 3,600 households. For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Sturbridge, see: Fiskdale and Sturbridge (CDP).
Battleship (puzzle)
The Battleship puzzle (sometimes called Bimaru, Yubotu, Solitaire Battleships or Battleship Solitaire) is a logic puzzle based on the Battleship guessing game. It and its variants have appeared in several puzzle contests, including the World Puzzle Championship, and puzzle magazines, such as Games magazine.

Solitaire Battleship was invented in Argentina by Jaime Poniachik and was first featured in 1982 in the Argentine magazine Humor & Juegos. Battleship gained more widespread popularity after its international debut at the first World Puzzle Championship in New York City in 1992. Battleship appeared in Games magazine the following year and remains a regular feature of the magazine.  Variants of Battleship have emerged since the puzzle's inclusion in the first World Puzzle Championship.

Battleship is played in a grid of squares that hides ships of different sizes.  Numbers alongside the grid indicate how many squares in a row or column are occupied by part of a ship.

Battleship (game)
Battleship (also known as Battleships) is a strategy type guessing game for two players. It is played on ruled grids (paper or board) on which each player's fleet of warships are marked.  The locations of the fleets are concealed from the other player. Players alternate turns calling "shots" at the other player's ships, and the objective of the game is to destroy the opposing player's fleet.

Battleship is known worldwide as a pencil and paper game which dates from World War I. It was published by various companies as a pad-and-pencil game in the 1930s and was released as a plastic board game by Milton Bradley in 1967.  The game has spawned electronic versions, video games, smart device apps and a film.
Finuge GAA
Finuge is a Gaelic Athletic Association club from Finuge, County Kerry, Ireland.  The senior team currently competes in the Kerry Junior Football Championship. They also form part of the Feale Rangers divisional team that plays in the Kerry Senior Football Championship. Many of the players also play hurling with Lixnaw in the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship. Players from the club have won a total of 17 Senior All-Ireland Gaelic football medals. The club also supplied the Kerry GAA senior team manager from 2012-2018, Éamonn Fitzmaurice who took over from Jack O'Connor as manager of Kerry. Fitzmaurice managed Kerry in the 2014 to a Football All-Ireland Senior Championship victory. He managed Kerry to victory in one National League, six Munster Championships and two McGrath Cups.

Lixnaw GAA
Lixnaw Hurling Club is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in the north of County Kerry, Ireland. They primarily play in competitions organised by the Kerry County Board of the GAA, such as the Kerry Senior Hurling Championship, and also in competitions organised by the North Kerry Hurling Board. The club is principally concerned with the game of hurling but many of their players also play gaelic football, many with Finuge. The club has won 9 Kerry Senior Hurling Championships, 10 Kerry Minor Hurling Championships and 5 Kerry Under-21 Hurling Championships.
Lise Meitner Lectures
The Lise Meitner Lectures (LML) are a series of public lectures in honour of Lise Meitner. The lectures are organized jointly by the German Physical Society and the Austrian Physical Society, with the intention to showcase outstanding female scientists in physics or related fields. The annual lecture series was launched in 2008, when Lise Meitner's birthday celebrated its 130th anniversary. In October 2008, the Lise Meitner Lecture was held in Vienna and Berlin with an accompanying exhibition. The annual lecture series not only aims at increasing the visibility of successful female researchers, but also at encouraging girls and young women towards careers in physics.

German Physical Society
The German Physical Society (German: Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, DPG) is the oldest organisation of physicists. DPG's 2025 worldwide membership is cited as 50,668, with a peak of 63,012 in 2014. It holds an annual conference (Jahrestagung) and multiple spring conferences (Frühjahrstagungen), which are held at various locations and along topical subjects of given sections of the DPG.
The DPG concerns the fields of pure and applied physics and aims to foster connections among German physicists, as well as the exchange of ideas between its members and foreign colleagues. The bylaws of the DPG commit the organization and its members to maintain scientific integrity and ethics, including freedom, tolerance, truthfulness, and dignity in scientific work, as well as the promotion of gender equality in the fields of physics and related sciences.
Eric Friedl
Eric Friedl, also known by his stage name, Eric Oblivian, is a musician and the founder and owner of Goner Records, an independent music label and record store located in Memphis, Tennessee.

He was a founding member of the Memphis garage-rock band Oblivians, and has also been a member of or performed with the Bad Times, The Dutch Masters, the True Sons of Thunder, and the New Memphis Legs.

...Play Nine Songs with Mr. Quintron
...Play Nine Songs with Mr. Quintron is the third studio album by the Oblivians, released in 1997 on Crypt Records. The album features noted Ninth Ward nightclub organist Mr. Quintron playing organ and percussion on a number of tracks.
Casa Marina Hotel
The Casa Marina Hotel is a historic hotel in Jacksonville Beach, Florida. It is located at 12 Sixth Avenue, North. It was built in 1925. On September 2, 1993, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has accepted the Casa Marina Hotel to be part of the Historic Hotels of America.

Historic Hotels of America
Historic Hotels of America is a program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation that was founded in 1989 with 32 charter members; the program identifies hotels in the United States that have maintained authenticity, sense of place, and architectural integrity from their respective time periods.

As of 2025, the program includes 288 hotels in 44 of the 50 states, as well as Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C..
Pivka (river)
The Pivka is a karst lost river in Slovenia. The river is 27 kilometres (17 mi) in length. The Pivka ends in Planina Cave, where it merges with the Rak River and then the Unica River. The confluence of the Pivka and the Rak is one of the largest subterranean confluences in Europe. Rising in limestone country south of Prestranek, it forms part of the classic Dinaric karst system and ultimately feeds the Ljubljanica—and thus the Black Sea basin—after disappearing underground in Postojnska jama. The Pivka created Postojna Cave, the longest cave system in Slovenia as well as one of its top tourism sites.

Unica (river)
The Unica is a river in Slovenia. It starts as the underground confluence of the Pivka and the Rak in Planinska jama. This is the largest confluence of underground rivers in Europe. 300 meters (980 ft) further, the Unica emerges near Planina. It flows north through the Planina Karst Field (Planinsko Polje) through the municipalities of Postojna, Cerknica, and Logatec, where it returns underground. It then flows for about another 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) underground, emerging 142 meters (466 ft) lower at multiple springs near Vrhnika to form the Ljubljanica River.
Safotulafai
Safotulafai is a traditional village at the east end of Savai'i island with historical and political significance in Samoa's history. It is the traditional center of the island of Savaii, now became the center of Fa'asaleleaga political district.

Safotulafai is the original 'Pule', which is why Savaii is called 'Pule' of Samoa.   Years later, Safotulafai chose to divide the 'Pule' into six while reserving the right to be the 'Matua' of 'Pule'.  Today, Safotulafai remains to be one of the traditional 'Pule' (customary authority) ruling districts of Savai'i. Chief (matai) council meetings are held at Fuifatu malae. Safotulafai is the village name with its sub-villages: Tuasivi, Fogapoa, Fatausi, Fuifatu, Fusi, and Eveeve.

Fogapoa
Fogapoa is a village on the north east coast of Savai'i island in Samoa. The village is part of the electoral constituency (Faipule District) Fa'asaleleaga 3 which is within the larger political district (Itumalo) of Fa'asaleleaga.

The population is 309. Fogapoa is also part of the sub-district Safotulafai, the traditional centre of Fa'asaleleaga District.
Oregon, Wisconsin
Oregon is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 11,179 at the 2020 census. A suburb south of Madison, it is part of the Madison metropolitan area. The village is located mostly within the Town of Oregon.

Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin after Milwaukee County. Dane County is the fastest growing county in Wisconsin. It contains nearly 10% of the population of Wisconsin, and it only contained 5% of Wisconsin's population in 1950.

The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison metropolitan area, as well as the Madison–Janesville–Beloit combined statistical area.
Montemarciano
Montemarciano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Ancona.

Montemarciano borders Chiaravalle, Falconara Marittima, Monte San Vito, and Senigallia.

Monte San Vito
Monte San Vito is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ancona in the Italian region Marche, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Ancona, in the lower Esino valley.

Monte San Vito borders the following municipalities: Chiaravalle, Jesi, Monsano, Montemarciano, Morro d'Alba, San Marcello, Senigallia.
Charles Unwin
Charles Unwin (b.1829 d.1918-01-05) was a prominent surveyor for the Government of Ontario and the City of Toronto government.
Unwin was born in the United Kingdom, and emigrated to Toronto in 1843, and lived with his uncle—also named Charles Unwin.
Unwin attended the prestigious Upper Canada College, a private high school attended by many of the leading elements of Ontario's administration.
After graduation, he apprenticed with John Stoughton Dennis, completing his apprenticeship in 1852.
He spent the next nine years surveying Muskoka County.

Unwin entered into a partnership with Vernon Bayley Wadsworth in 1868.

In 1910 the association of Ontario Land Surveyors published Unwin's 12 page autobiographical sketch.

Unwin never married.  He worked as a surveyor for Toronto from 1874 to his death, at 88 in 1918.

Unwin Avenue, the southernmost street in Toronto's Portlands, is named after Unwin.

Vernon Bayley Wadsworth
Vernon Bayley Wadsworth was a surveyor in the province of Ontario. Wadsworth was born into a family in Weston, Canada West, who owned mills on the Humber River.
Wadsworth was also a lawyer, and a director of the London and Canada Loan and Agency Company.

In 1868 Wadsworth entered into a partnership with Charles Unwin, another surveyor who had apprenticed under John Stoughton Dennis.
Both men had worked on the surveying of Muskoka County.

Wadsworth played a role in the management of both the Grand Trunk Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway.