hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cwmafan
Cwmafan (Welsh pronunciationⓘ), also known as Cwmavon, is a large village and community in the Afan valley in Wales, lying within Neath Port Talbot County Borough. It had a population of 6,538 in 2011, increasing slightly to 5,615 at the 2011 Census. Cwmafan is known for having a high percentage of Welsh speakers. In many ways it is a suburb of the nearby town of Port Talbot which is less than 2 miles (3 km) to the south. The literal translation of Cwmafan from Welsh to English is complex, Cwm means valley with Afan as the name of the river flowing through, hence the village residing within the Afan Valley. It could be a version of Afon which means river, so literally the "River Valley", this is common in Wales and the UK with many rivers being called Afon or Avon. There is also a Saint Afan, which it is possible the river was named after. There have been other suggestions but none accepted locally.

Port Talbot
Port Talbot (/ˌpɔːrt ˈtɔːlbət/, UK also /pɔːr-, pə-, -ˈtælbət, -ˈtɒlbət/) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales, situated on the east side of Swansea Bay, approximately eight miles (thirteen kilometres) from Swansea. The Port Talbot Steelworks covers a large area of land which dominates the south east of the town. It is the largest steelworks in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest in the world, but has been under threat of closure since the 1980s. The population was 31,550 in 2021, comprising about a fifth of the 141,931 population of Neath Port Talbot.
2011 Proton Malaysian Open
The 2011 Malaysian Open (also known as the 2011 Proton Malaysian Open' for sponsorship reasons) was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It was the third edition of the Proton Malaysian Open, and was classified as an ATP World Tour 250 Series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Janko Tipsarević won the singles title.

2011 ATP World Tour
The 2011 ATP World Tour was the elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2011 season. It was the 42nd edition of the tour and the calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2011 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organized by the ITF.

In singles, Novak Djokovic dominated the season. He won ten tournaments, including three Grand Slam (Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships and the US Open), and five Masters Series 1000 titles (Indian Wells, Miami, Madrid, Rome and Canada). He ended the year with a 6–0 record against Rafael Nadal and a 4–1 record against Roger Federer.
Hallbera Ulfsdóttir
Hallbera Ulfsdóttir was a Norse woman of the early ninth century CE. She was the daughter of Ulf the Brave. Hallbera married Bjalfi and bore him the son Kveldulf Bjalfasson; she was thus an ancestor of the clan of Egill Skallagrimsson.

Kveldulf Bjalfason
Ulf Bjalfason (Úlfr Bjálfason) (better known as Kveldulf, Old Norse for "Night Wolf") was a renowned hersir and landowner in ninth century Sogn, Norway. He is a main character in the early chapters of Egils saga and appears in the Landnámabók and other Icelandic sources. Kveldulf is described as an ulfhéðinn, a shape-shifter (hamrammr), or a berserker.
William de Burgh
William de Burgh (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR, French: [dəbuʁ]; Latin: de Burgo; c. 1160–winter 1205/06) was the founder of the House of Burgh (later surnamed Burke or Bourke) in Ireland and elder brother of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Geoffrey de Burgh, Bishop of Ely.
William is often given the epithet, "the conqueror", but is not to be confused with the English king of the same nickname.

Clanricarde
Clanricarde (English: /klænˈrɪkɑːrd/ klan-RIK-ard), also known as Mac William Uachtar (Upper Mac William) or the Galway Burkes, were a fully Gaelicised branch of the Hiberno-Norman House of Burgh who were important landowners in Ireland from the 13th to the 20th centuries.
Active Time Battle
Active Time Battle (ATB) is a role-playing video game mechanic invented by Hiroyuki Ito. It was first used in Final Fantasy IV (1991), and patented in 1995 by Ito and Hironobu Sakaguchi, though the patent expired in 2010, allowing it to be used in any game. It replaced turn-based gameplay with a system of timers, allowing both protagonists and enemies to attack at their own pace, even while navigating menus. Different types of techniques caused the timer to move at different rates until the character could move again. The system's success led to it being used in most subsequent mainline menu-based Final Fantasy games, up until the series eventually abandoned menu-based gameplay in favor of action role-playing gameplay for mainline titles. Active Time Battle has been noted by critics as a revolutionary step in the genre as well as a defining aspect of the series' Super Nintendo and PlayStation era games and of Final Fantasy as a whole.

Timekeeping in games
Timekeeping is relevant to many types of games, including video games, tabletop role-playing games, board games, and sports. The passage of time must be handled in a way that players find fair and easy to understand. In many games, this is done using real-time and/or turn-based timekeeping. In real-time games, time within the game passes continuously. However, in turn-based games, player turns represent a fixed duration within the game, regardless of how much time passes in the real world. Some games use combinations of real-time and turn-based timekeeping systems. Players debate the merits and flaws of these systems. There are also additional timekeeping methods, such as timelines and progress clocks.
Burnside problem
The Burnside problem asks whether a finitely generated group in which every element has finite order must necessarily be a finite group. It was posed by William Burnside in 1902, making it one of the oldest questions in group theory, and was influential in the development of combinatorial group theory. It is known to have a negative answer in general, as Evgeny Golod and Igor Shafarevich provided a counter-example in 1964. The problem has many refinements and variants that differ in the additional conditions imposed on the orders of the group elements (see bounded and restricted below). Some of these variants are still open questions.

Sergei Adian
Sergei Ivanovich Adian, also Adyan (Armenian: Սերգեյ Իվանովիչ Ադյան; Russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Адя́н; 1 January 1931 – 5 May 2020), was a Soviet and Armenian mathematician. He was a professor at the Moscow State University and was known for his work in group theory, especially on the Burnside problem.
Continuous stochastic process
In probability theory, a continuous stochastic process is a type of stochastic process that may be said to be "continuous" as a function of its "time" or index parameter. Continuity is a nice property for (the sample paths of) a process to have, since it implies that they are well-behaved in some sense, and, therefore, much easier to analyze. It is implicit here that the index of the stochastic process is a continuous variable. Some authors define a "continuous (stochastic) process" as only requiring that the index variable be continuous, without continuity of sample paths: in another terminology, this would be a continuous-time stochastic process, in parallel to a "discrete-time process". Given the possible confusion, caution is needed.

Continuous-time stochastic process
In probability theory and statistics, a continuous-time stochastic process, or a continuous-space-time stochastic process is a stochastic process for which the index variable takes a continuous set of values, as contrasted with a discrete-time process for which the index variable takes only distinct values. An alternative terminology uses continuous parameter as being more inclusive.

A more restricted class of processes are the continuous stochastic processes; here the term often (but not always) implies both that the index variable is continuous and that sample paths of the process are continuous. Given the possible confusion, caution is needed.

Continuous-time stochastic processes that are constructed from discrete-time processes via a waiting time distribution are called continuous-time random walks.
Kong Kenan
Kong Kenan is a superhero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. Known as the Super-Man of China, the character first appeared in New Super-Man # 1 (July 2016). He was created by Gene Luen Yang and Viktor Bogdanovic.

Slam Bradley
Samuel Emerson "Slam" Bradley is a fictional character that has appeared in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a private detective who exists in DC's main shared universe. The character concept was created by DC Comics founder Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson and developed by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, who both later became more well known as the co-creators of Superman. As one of the first ever DC characters, the character first appears in the Golden Age of Comic Books in the anthology title Detective Comics, being introduced in the first issue. He later commonly was associated with Batman and other spinoff Batman characters when revived.

Slam Bradley appears in Batwoman, portrayed by Kurt Szarka.
West American Digest System
The West American Digest System is a system of identifying points of law from reported cases and organizing them by topic and key number. The system was developed by West Publishing to organize the entire body of American law. This extensive taxonomy makes the process of doing case law legal research less time consuming as it directs the researcher to cases that are similar to the legal issue under consideration.

West (publisher)
West (also known by its original name, West Publishing) is a business owned by Thomson Reuters that publishes legal, business, and regulatory information in print, and on electronic services such as Westlaw. Since the late 19th century, West has been one of the most prominent publishers of legal materials in the United States. Its headquarters is in Eagan, Minnesota; it also had an office in Rochester, New York, until it closed in 2019, and in Cleveland, Ohio, until it closed in 2010. Organizationally, West is part of the global legal division of Thomson Reuters.
Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railway
The Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railway was a railroad and steamboat network in Florida at the end of the 19th century. Most of its lines became part of the Plant System in 1899 and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.  The line remains in service today with a vast majority of it now being CSX Transportation's Sanford Subdivision.

Benson Junction, Florida
Benson Junction is located in southwest Volusia County, Florida, within the city limits of DeBary. It is the former location of the Ox Fibre Brush Company and presently an industrial location. Benson Junction is located just west of U.S. Highway 17-92 (Charles Richard Beall Blvd.), along Benson Junction Road.
Iola, Pennsylvania
Iola is a census-designated place in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The population was 154 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick micropolitan area.

Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area
The Bloomsburg–Berwick Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Columbia County in Pennsylvania, anchored by the town of Bloomsburg and the borough of Berwick. Before the census statistical areas were redesignated effective July 1, 2023, the area also included Montour County. As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 85,562 (though a July 1, 2013 estimate placed the population at 85,338).
Hvaler Båt- og Fergeselskap
Hvaler Båt- og Fergeselskap AS is a defunct municipal company that operated the ferries in Hvaler, Norway. Founded in 1893, it was owned by the municipality until 2001 when it was privatized and sold to Glommen Bulk, that again split the company into Hvaler Fjordcruise and Hollungen in 2004. Hvaler Båt- og Fergeselskap operated from the municipal center of Skjærhalden with routes to Lauer, Herføl, Nedgården, Nordre Sandøy, Gr.sund and Makø as well as Strømstad in Sweden. Prior to the Hvaler Tunnel opening in 1989 it also operated the Skjærhalden–Hvaler Ferry.

Hvaler Tunnel
The Hvaler Tunnel (Norwegian: Hvalertunnelen) is a subsea road tunnel which connects the island of Kirkøy to the rest of Hvaler in Østfold County, Norway. The tunnel opened in 1989 and is 3,751 meters (12,306 ft) long and 120 meters (390 ft) deep with an incline of 10% at its steepest point, located on Norwegian County Road 108.
Proto-Uralic language
Proto-Uralic is the unattested reconstructed language ancestral to the modern Uralic language family. The reconstructed language is thought to have been originally spoken in a small area, and then expanded across northern Eurasia, gradually diverging into a dialect continuum and then a language family in the process. The location of the area or Urheimat is not known, and various strongly differing proposals have been put forward, such as the Central Russian Upland, but the vicinity of the Ural Mountains is generally viewed as the most likely.

Sámi languages
The Sámi languages (US: /ˈsɑːmi/ SAH-mee, UK: also /ˈsæmi/ SAM-ee), also rendered in English as Sami and Saami, are a group of Uralic languages spoken by the indigenous Sámi people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden, and extreme northwestern Russia). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including Sámi, Sami, Saami, Saame, Sámic, Samic and Saamic, as well as the exonyms Lappish and Lappic. The last two, along with the term Lapp, are now often considered pejorative.
Harold Williams (priest, died 1954)
Christianity portal

Harold Stepney Williams (28 March 1864, Llanelly – 24 February 1954, Swansea) was a British priest, the Archdeacon of Gower from 1923 until his death.

Williams was educated at Durham University and ordained in 1888. After curacies in Bromborough, Tredegar and Swansea he was the incumbent at Oystermouth from 1898 until 1938.

Archdeacon of Gower
The archdeacon of Gower is the priest in charge of the archdeaconry of Gower, an administrative division of the Church in Wales Diocese of Swansea and Brecon. The archdeaconry comprises the six deaneries of Clyne, Cwmtawe, Gower, Llwchwr, Penderi and Swansea.
Mark Sanchez (make-up artist)
Mark Sanchez is an American makeup artist. He was nominated at the 68th Academy Awards for Best Makeup. Sanchez was nominated for the film My Family, Mi Familia, sharing the nomination with Ken Diaz.

Sanchez was nominated for an Emmy Award for the makeup on That '70s Show. He won a Daytime Emmy for The Joan Rivers Show.

Ken Diaz
Kenneth Diaz is an American make-up artist who has been nominated for 2 Academy Awards for makeup. As well as winning an Emmy for the makeup in Star Trek: The Next Generation.  He has done over 80 films and TV shows, including The Passion of the Christ and The Pirates of the Caribbean films.
November 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 11 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 28, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 15.

November 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on December 12 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 29, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on November 16.
Mulranny
Mulranny or Mallaranny (Irish: An Mhala Raithní, meaning 'the hill-brow of the ferns')—sometimes spelt as 'Mulrany', 'Malaranny', 'Mullaranny', 'Mullranny' or 'Mulranny'—is a seaside village on the isthmus between Clew Bay and Blacksod Bay in County Mayo, Ireland. Located at the foot of the Nephin Mountain Range, Mulranny has a number of blue flag beaches and a coastal lagoon. The Corraun Peninsula, which contains three mountain peaks, is situated across Clew Bay.

Clew Bay
Clew Bay (/ˈkluː/; Irish: Cuan Mó) is a large ocean bay on the Atlantic coast of County Mayo, Ireland. It is roughly rectangular and has more than a hundred small islands on its landward side, Ireland's best example of sunken drumlins. The larger Clare Island guards the entrance of the bay.

The bay is overlooked by Croagh Patrick to the south and the Nephin Beg Mountains to the north. From the southwest part of the bay eastwards are the settlements Louisburgh, Lecanvey, Murrisk, and Westport; north of Westport is Newport, and westwards from there lies Mulranny, gateway to Achill.
Vanna (Troms)
Vannøya or Vanna (Norwegian) or Várdná (Northern Sami) is a rocky island in Karlsøy Municipality in Troms county, Norway. At 232 square kilometres (90 sq mi), Vanna is the 17th largest island in Norway by area. The highest peak is the mountain Vanntinden at a height of 1,031 metres (3,383 ft) above sea level. The population of the island (2017) is 799. Vannvåg and Vannareid are the two main population centres on the island. Sengskroken Church is located on the western coast of the island.

The islands of Nordkvaløya and Helgøya lie to the west of the island, and Nord-Fugløya and Arnøya lie to the east of it. Karlsøya, Reinøya, and Ringvassøya are located to the south of the island. There is ferry service to Karlsøya and Ringvassøya departing from the village of Skanningen on the southern tip of Vanna.

Sengskroken Church
Sengskroken Church (Norwegian: Sengskroken kirke)  is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Karlsøy Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located on the western coast of the island of Vanna (also known as Vannøya). It is an annex church for the Karlsøy parish which is part of the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church (originally it was a "chapel") was built in a long church style in 1962 by the architect Knut P. Bugge. The church seats about 225 people.
Listed buildings in Hornby-with-Farleton
Hornby-with-Farleton is a civil parish in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It contains 37 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.

The parish contains the village of Hornby and the smaller settlement of Farleton, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are in Main Street, Hornby, and a high proportion of these are houses.  The major building in the parish is the country house of Hornby Castle; this and associated structures are listed.  The River Wenning passes through the parish, and the bridge crossing it is listed.  Other listed buildings include a cross and three cross bases, two churches and associated structures, a public house, a hotel, a village institute, a drinking fountain, a toll house, a former police station, and three milestones.

Hornby Castle, Lancashire
Hornby Castle is a country house, developed from a medieval castle, standing to the east of the village of Hornby in the Lune Valley, Lancashire, England. It occupies a position overlooking the village in a curve of the River Wenning. The house is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.
Mount Lyell railway line
The Mount Lyell railway line was a railway operated by the Mount Lyell Mining & Railway Company between 1899 and 1963.

Many name variations were used for identifying the line, the most common being the Abt railway.
After closing of the railway, most of the railway infrastructure was removed, except for a few buildings and bridges.

Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company
Mount Lyell Mining and Railway Company was a Tasmanian mining company formed on 29 March 1893, most commonly referred to as Mount Lyell. Mount Lyell was the dominant copper mining company of the West Coast from 1893 to 1994, and was based in Queenstown, Tasmania.

Following consolidation of leases and company assets at the beginning of the twentieth century, Mount Lyell was the major company for the communities of Queenstown, Strahan and Gormanston.  It remained dominant until its closure in 1994.

The Mount Lyell mining operations produced more than a million tonnes of copper, 750 tonnes of silver and 45 tonnes of gold since mining commenced in the early 1890s – which is equivalent to over 4 billion dollars' worth of metal in 1995 terms.
1st Separate Women's Volunteer Rifle Brigade
The 1st Separate Women's Volunteer Rifle Brigade was an independent brigade of the Soviet Union military created from the order of the State Defense Committee Resolution No GFCS-2470SS in 1942. Originally part of the Red Army, the unit was transferred to the NKVD in 1943 after the arrest of its deputy combat commander, Major Vera Krylova. In 1944 the brigade was disbanded.

Vera Krylova
Vera Petrovna Krylova (Russian: Вера Петровна Крылова; 1920 – 1951) was a Soviet Komsomol activist, military officer, and gulag detainee who used her political connections to Soviet leadership to initiate the creation of the 1st Separate Women's Volunteer Rifle Brigade. However, she was arrested on charges of treason soon after the unit's founding. Sources differ as to the grounds of the allegations and her exact fate afterwards, but she was not rehabilitated.
Astra (missile)
Astra (Sanskrit: "Weapon") is a family of Indian all weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile  (BVRAAM) developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. Multiple variants of this missile have been developed with engagement range varying from 500 m (0.31 mi) to 340 km (210 mi). Astra Mk-1 has been integrated with the Sukhoi Su-30MKI fleet. The missile will be integrated with the entire fighter fleet except the Dassault Mirage 2000 of the Indian Air Force as well as the Dassault Rafale fleet of the Navy. In 2024, the missile was cleared for full production.

Defence Research and Development Laboratory
Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) is an Indian missile development laboratory, part of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). Their charter is centered on the design, development, and flight evaluation of various types of missile systems for the Indian armed forces.