hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fricker Glacier
Fricker Glacier (67°3′S 65°0′W﻿ / ﻿67.050°S 65.000°W﻿ / -67.050; -65.000) is a glacier, 10 nautical miles (19 km) long, which lies close north of Tindal Bluff and Monnier Point and flows in a northeasterly direction into the southwest side of Mill Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947, and was named by the FIDS for Karl Fricker, a German Antarctic historian.

Tindal Bluff
Tindal Bluff (67°4′S 64°52′W﻿ / ﻿67.067°S 64.867°W﻿ / -67.067; -64.867) is a rocky headland rising to 800 m between the terminus of Fricker Glacier and Monnier Point on the east coast of Graham Land. This coastal area was photographed by several American expeditions: United States Antarctic Service (USAS), 1939–41; Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48; U.S. Navy photos, 1968. Mapped by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), 1947–48. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Ronald Tindal, General Assistant with the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Larsen Ice Shelf party in 1963–64.
Halfweg
Halfweg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɑl(ə)fʋɛx]) is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. Previously a part of the municipality of Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude, it is currently a part of the municipality of Haarlemmermeer and lies about 8 km (5.0 mi) east of Haarlem. Its name, which translates as "halfway," comes from its location approximately halfway between Haarlem and Amsterdam.

Haarlemmermeer
Haarlemmermeer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˌɦaːrlɛmərˈmeːr] ⓘ) is a municipality in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Haarlemmermeer is a polder, consisting of land reclaimed from water. The name Haarlemmermeer means 'Haarlem's lake', referring to the body of water from which the region was reclaimed in the 19th century.

Haarlemmermeer's main town is Hoofddorp, which has a population of 76,660. Hoofddorp, along with the rapidly growing towns of Nieuw-Vennep and Badhoevedorp, are part of the Randstad agglomeration. The main international airport of the Netherlands, Schiphol, is located in Haarlemmermeer.
Advertising to children
Advertising products or services to children raises questions regarding the application, duration, impact on youngsters, and ethical considerations surrounding the practice of targeting children with advertising. Understanding the effects of advertising on children's behavior and well-being is a complex and evolving field of study.

Advertising is defined by national laws and advertising standards. In advertising law, the definition of a child varies from one jurisdiction to another, but the age of 12 is commonly used as a cut-off point
Various countries and jurisdictions have restrictions or bans on advertising to children. The European Union also has framework legislation in place which sets down minimum provisions on advertising to children.

Marketing ethics
Marketing ethics is an area of applied ethics that examines the moral principles and standards governing the practice and regulation of marketing. It addresses ethical issues arising in areas such as advertising, promotion, pricing, product development, and distribution. Certain aspects of marketing ethics, particularly advertising and promotional practices, overlap with media ethics and public relations ethics.

Marketing ethics is commonly analyzed from both descriptive and normative perspectives. Descriptive, or positive, marketing ethics examines existing marketing practices and documents ethical issues such as misleading or fraudulent advertising. Normative marketing ethics evaluates how marketing ought to be conducted and draws on ethical theories to establish standards for responsible practice. Ethical analysis in marketing is often informed by broader frameworks in business ethics, including duty-based theories, virtue ethics, and utilitarianism.
Potash pit
Potash pits were kiln sites which were dug and lined with drystone walling for the production of potash prior to the Industrial Revolution. The scouring or degreasing of the natural lanolin from wool requires the application of soft soap produced using fat and an alkaline potash solution that contains water-soluble potassium salts such as potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide.

Potash
Potash (/ˈpɒtæʃ/ POT-ash) are mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form. The term potash derives from pot ash, either plant ashes or wood ashes that were soaked in water in a pot, which was the primary means of manufacturing potash before the Industrial Era; the word potassium derives from the term potash.

In 2021, the worldwide production of potash exceeded 71.9 million tonnes (~45.4 million tonnes K2O equivalent), and Canada is the greatest producer of potash as fertilizer. Potassium was first derived in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic potash (potassium hydroxide).
Pyle
Pyle (Welsh: Y Pîl) is a village and community (and electoral ward) in Bridgend county borough, Wales. This large village is served by the A48 road, and lies less than one mile from Junction 37 of the M4 motorway, and is therefore only a half-hour journey from the capital city of Wales, Cardiff. The nearest town is the seaside resort of Porthcawl. Within the Community, to the northeast of Pyle, is the adjoining settlement of Kenfig Hill, North Cornelly also adjoins Pyle and the built-up area had a population of 13,701 in 2011.

Kenfig
Kenfig (Welsh: Cynffig) is a village and former borough in Bridgend, Wales. It is situated 1 mile (2 km) inland on the north bank of the Bristol Channel, and just south-west of the M4 motorway. To the east is the town of Bridgend, at approximately 6 miles (10 km), and the capital city of Cardiff, at 24 miles (39 km). To the west lies Port Talbot, at approximately 7 miles (11 km), and Swansea at approximately 18 miles (29 km).
Pechenzhitsa
Pechenzhitsa (Russian: Печеньжица is a river in Vologda Oblast, Russia. It is part of the Northern Dvina basin and is a right tributary of Sukhona river and flows through the Babushkinsky and Totemsky Districts of the oblast into Sukhona 298km from its mouth. Its largest tributary is Mikhalitsa.

The name is the diminutive of the toponym Печеньга (not to be confused with Pechenga, Печенга) and is part of the Finnic substrate of  the toponymy of Northern Russia.

Sukhona
The Sukhona (Russian: Су́хона) is a river in the European part of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is 558 kilometres (347 mi) long, and the area of its basin 50,300 square kilometres (19,400 sq mi). The Sukhona joins the Yug near the town of Veliky Ustyug, forming the Northern Dvina, one of the biggest rivers of European Russia.

The biggest tributaries of the Sukhona are the Vologda (right), the Lezha (right), the Pelshma (left), the Dvinitsa (left), the Tolshma (right), the Tsaryova (left), the Uftyuga (left), and the Gorodishna (right).
Overprint
An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed. Post offices most often use overprints for internal administrative purposes such as accounting but they are also employed in public mail. Well-recognized varieties include commemorative overprints which are produced for their public appeal and command significant interest in the field of philately.

Postage stamps and postal history of Germany
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Germany and philatelically related areas. The main modern providers of service were the Reichspost (1871–1945), the Deutsche Post under Allied control (1945–1949), the Deutsche Post of the GDR (1949–1990), the Deutsche Bundespost (1949–1995), along with the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin (1949–1990), and are now the Deutsche Post AG (since 1995).
Marked graph
A marked graph is a Petri net in which every place has exactly one incoming arc, and exactly one outgoing arc.: 561  This means, that there can not be conflict, but there can be concurrency. Mathematically: . Marked graphs are used mostly to mathematically represent concurrently running operations, such as a multiprocessor machine's internal process state.  This class of Petri nets gets the name from a popular way of representing them: as a graph where each place is an edge and each transition is a node.

Petri net
A Petri net, also known as a place/transition net (PT net), is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.  It is a class of discrete event dynamic system. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph that has two types of elements: places and transitions. Place elements are depicted as white circles and transition elements are depicted as rectangles. 
A place can contain any number of tokens, depicted as black circles. A transition is enabled if all places connected to it as inputs contain at least one token.
Like industry standards such as UML activity diagrams, Business Process Model and Notation, and event-driven process chains, Petri nets offer a graphical notation for stepwise processes that include choice, iteration, and concurrent execution. Unlike these standards, Petri nets have an exact mathematical definition of their execution semantics, with a well-developed mathematical theory for process analysis.
Rebbena
Rebbena is a village and a mandal of Komaram Bheem district in the state of Telangana in India.

The Lord Venkateshwara temple in Gangapur village, 3 km away, is a major religious place. This temple was built in the 16th century by a Vishwabrahmin Mummadi Pothaji and large number of devotees come from all over Telangana and Andhra as well as from Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh to Gangapur jatra held on Magha pournima every year.

The Asifabad Road railway station is situated at Rebbena. This is the nearest railway station to Asifabad.

Asifabad, Telangana
Asifabad, formerly known as Jangam or Jungum, is a city and the district headquarters of Kumuram Bheem district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Asifabad mandal of Asifabad revenue division. It is situated on the banks of Peddavagu river.
Comber
Comber (from Irish An Comar, meaning 'the confluence' /ˈkʌm(b)ər/, CUM-ber, locally cummer) is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies 5 miles (8 km) south of Newtownards, at the northern end of Strangford Lough. It is situated in the townland of Town Parks, the civil parish of Comber and the historic barony of Castlereagh Lower. Comber is part of the Ards and North Down Borough. It is also known for Comber Whiskey which was last distilled in 1953. A notable native was Thomas Andrews, the designer of the RMS Titanic and was among the many who went down with her. Comber had a population of 9,512 people in the 2021 Census.

Comber (civil parish)
Comber (from Irish An Comar, meaning 'the confluence') is a civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is mainly situated in the historic barony of Castlereagh Lower, with a small portion in the barony of Castlereagh Upper.
Nilpotent group
In mathematics, specifically group theory, a nilpotent group G is a group that has an upper central series that terminates with G. Equivalently, it has a central series of finite length or its lower central series terminates with {1}.

Intuitively, a nilpotent group is a group that is "almost abelian". This idea is motivated by the fact that nilpotent groups are solvable, and for finite nilpotent groups, two elements having relatively prime orders must commute. It is also true that finite nilpotent groups are supersolvable. The concept is credited to work in the 1930s by Russian mathematician Sergei Chernikov.

Nilpotent groups arise in Galois theory, as well as in the classification of groups. They also appear prominently in the classification of Lie groups.

Analogous terms are used for Lie algebras (using the Lie bracket) including nilpotent, lower central series, and upper central series.

Finite group
In abstract algebra, a finite group is a group whose underlying set is finite.  Finite groups often arise when considering symmetry of mathematical or physical objects, when those objects admit just a finite number of structure-preserving transformations.  Important examples of finite groups include cyclic groups and permutation groups.

The study of finite groups has been an integral part of group theory since it arose in the 19th century.  One major area of study has been classification: the classification of finite simple groups (those with no nontrivial normal subgroup) was completed in 2004.
Eastern Clay Court Championships
The Eastern Clay Court Championships was a combined men's and women's international tennis tournament on clay courts founded in 1927 by the Eastern Lawn Tennis Association of the USLTA. The championships were held in various locations in the New York City area, U.S. until 1971.

Eastern Grass Court Championships
The Eastern Grass Court Championships was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament held on outdoor grass courts in the New York City area from 1927 to 1969. It was founded by the Eastern Lawn Tennis Association of the USLTA, and in 1939, became the first tennis competition to be televised in the United States.
Hanjian
In China, the word hanjian (traditional Chinese: 漢奸; simplified Chinese: 汉奸; pinyin: Hànjiān; Wade–Giles: han4-chien1) is a pejorative term for those seen as traitors to the Chinese state and, to a lesser extent, Han Chinese ethnicity. The word hanjian is distinct from the general word for traitor, which could be used for any country or ethnicity. As a Chinese term, it is composed of the Chinese characters for "Han" and "traitor". Han is the majority ethnic group in China; and Jian, means treacherous, and in Chinese legal language, it could also refer to illicit sex. Implied by this term was a Han Chinese carrying on an illicit relationship with the enemy. Hanjian is often worded as "collaborator" or "collaborationist" in the West.

Spiritually Japanese
"Spiritually Japanese" (Chinese: 精神日本人; pinyin: Jīngshén Rìběnrén; Japanese pronunciation: Sēshin Nihonjin), abbreviated as jingri (Chinese: 精日; pinyin: jīngrì), is a pejorative term used in sociopolitical discourse in China to refer to Chinese people who are perceived to hold extreme pro-Japanese and anti-Chinese sentiments. According to Chinese state media, archetypal traits of those perceived as being "spiritually Japanese" include issuing expressions of support for World War II-era Japanese militarism in China, defending or minimising Japan's war crimes against Chinese civilians and holding a favourable view of the Empire of Japan more broadly speaking. Those who express admiration for modern Japanese politicians or challenge China's unilateral sovereignty claims may also be considered “spiritually Japanese”. A neologism that developed out of online communities, the term has seen increasing use in recent years.
7.62 cm Pak 36(r)
The 7.62 cm FK 36(r) / Pak 36(r) (7.62 cm Feldkanone [Field gun] 36(russisch) / Panzerabwehrkanone [Anti-tank gun] 36(russisch)) was a German anti-tank / field gun used by the Wehrmacht in World War II, which were conversions of the Soviet 76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22).

Later in the war, the Soviet 76 mm divisional gun M1939 (USV) were also converted as the 7.62 cm FK 39(r) / Pak 39(r) (7.62 cm Panzerabwehrkanone [Anti-tank gun] 39(russisch) / Feldkanone [Field gun] 39(russisch)).

76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22)
The 76-mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22) was a Soviet divisional semi-universal gun, adopted for Red Army service in 1936. This gun was used in conflicts between the USSR and Japan on the Far East, in the Winter War and in World War II. Many F-22s were captured by the Wehrmacht during Operation Barbarossa. Modernized and redesignated as the Feldkanone 296(r), captured guns were used against their originators.
Lauterecken
Lauterecken (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtɐˌʔɛkn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein, to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname Veldenzstadt, after the comital family that once held sway here. It is also a state-recognized tourism resort town, and in terms of state planning is laid out as a lower centre.

Grumbach
Grumbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Lauterecken-Wolfstein.
Boghrati Rural District
Boghrati Rural District (Persian: دهستان بغراطي) is in Boghrati District of Razan County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Tappeh-ye Dibi. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baba Nazar.

Tappeh-ye Dibi
Tappeh Dibi (Persian: تپه ديبي) is a village in, and the capital of, Boghrati Rural District of Boghrati District, Razan County, Hamadan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Baba Nazar.
Ceylon University College
Ceylon University College was a public university college in Ceylon. Established in 1921, it was Ceylon's first attempt at university education. The college didn't award degrees under its own name but prepared students to sit the University of London's external examination. The college was based in Colombo. The college was merged with Ceylon Medical College in 1942 to form the University of Ceylon. The college was also known as University College, Ceylon; University College, Colombo; and Colombo University College. Its buildings and grounds are now occupied by the University of Colombo which is considered its successor.

University of Colombo
The University of Colombo (informally Colombo University or UoC) is a public research university located primarily in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It is the oldest institution of modern higher education in Sri Lanka. It specializes in the fields of Natural, Social, Applied, Formal, and Computer Sciences as well as Fine Arts, Law and Technology. It is ranked among the top 10 universities in South Asia.

The University of Colombo was founded in 1921 as University College Colombo, affiliated with the University of London. Degrees were issued to its students from 1923 onwards. The university traces its roots to 1870 when the Ceylon Medical School was established. UoC has produced notable alumni in the fields of science, law, economics, business, literature, and politics.
Yellow perch
The yellow perch (Perca flavescens), commonly referred to as perch, striped perch, American perch or preacher is a freshwater perciform fish native to much of North America. The yellow perch was described in 1814 by Samuel Latham Mitchill from New York. It is closely related, and morphologically similar to the European perch (Perca fluviatilis); and is sometimes considered a subspecies of its European counterpart.

Latitudinal variability in age, growth rates, and size have been observed among populations of yellow perch, likely resulting from differences in day length and annual water temperatures. In many populations, yellow perch often live 9 to 10 years, with adults generally ranging 4–10 in (10–25 cm) in length.

The world record for a yellow by weight is 4 lb 3 oz (1.9 kg), and was caught in May 1865 in Bordentown, New Jersey, by Dr. C. Abbot. It is the longest-standing record for a freshwater fish in North America.

Panfish
The word panfish, also spelled pan-fish or pan fish, is an American English term describing any edible freshwater fish that usually do not outgrow the size of an average frying pan. It is also commonly used by recreational anglers to refer to any small game fish that can fit wholly into a pan for cooking but are still large enough to be legal. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term was first recorded in 1796 in American Cookery, the first known cookbook written by an American author.
Round Pond (Duxbury, Massachusetts)
Round Pond is an 11-acre (45,000 m2) reservoir in Duxbury, Massachusetts. The reservoir is located northeast of Pine Lake, northwest of Island Creek Pond, and southwest of North Hill Marsh Pond. An inlet provides the inflow for this reservoir from Pine Lake. The reservoir is associated hydro logically with an adjacent cranberry bog operation. It is a kettle hole formed by melting glaciers over ten thousand years ago. The north-west segment is bounded by a retaining berm that separates the pond from a cranberry bog.  A pump house sits at the western edge with an intake pipe extending into the pond.

Duxbury, Massachusetts
Duxbury (alternative older spelling: "Duxborough") is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. A suburb located on the South Shore approximately 35 miles (56 km) to the southeast of Boston, the population was 16,090 at the 2020 census. The town contains the census-designated places (CDPs) of Duxbury, Green Harbor, and South Duxbury.
PDP Board of Trustees
The PDP Board of Trustees (BoT) is a constitutionally-mandated 99-member body within the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria that provides advice and counsel to the leadership of the National Working Committee and staff. It is regarded by the party's constitution as the conscience of the party.

The Board of Trustees is headed by an elected Chairperson, who is assisted by a Secretary. The current head of the BoT is former Senate President, Adolphus Wabara. as the substantive Chairman of the party’s Board of Trustees.

Wabara had been the interim PDP BoT Chairman since  2022 following the resignation of Walid Jibrin, who previously occupied the office.

The party also named a former governor of Kaduna State, Ahmed Makarfi, as the BoT Secretary, replacing a former Minister of Special Duties, Kabir Turaki.

PDP National Working Committee
The PDP National Working Committee, also known by its acronym NWC, is the executive committee of the People's Democratic Party in Nigeria. The NWC is composed of 12 members, all of whom are elected to a four-year term at the party's National Convention. The NWC is headed by the chairperson, who also functions as the party's national chair. The NWC has the responsibility for the day-to-day governance of the party as well as oversight of its national activities.
Lespedeza
Lespedeza is a genus of some 45 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.

These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae), with the peas and beans, though they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe Lespedezinae, which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia.

Kummerowia
Kummerowia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It includes two species native to eastern Asia, ranging from the Russian Far East through China and Japan to Vietnam and Laos. The genus belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. These plants were formerly in genus Lespedeza.

Species:

Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino - Korean bushclover

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. - Japanese bushclover