hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mariah Carbone
Mariah Suzanne Carbone is an American geophysicist who is a  professor of Geosciences at the Center for ecosystem science and society, Northern Arizona University. She studies terrestrial ecosystems and how they respond to environmental change.

Susan Trumbore
Susan E. Trumbore is an earth systems scientist focusing on the carbon cycle and its effects on climate. She is a director at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry and a Professor of Earth System Science at University of California, Irvine. She is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Member of the National Academy of Sciences and recipient of the Benjamin Franklin Medal.
Duisburg-Ruhrort–Dortmund railway
The Duisburg-Ruhrort–Dortmund railway (also called the Cologne-Minden Emscher Valley Railway) was built by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) in the area to the north of its original Ruhr line to improve connections to mines and factories in the northern Ruhr region, which is now in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The track at the time of the Deutsche Reichsbahn mostly consisted of at least two tracks; now two-track, single track and completely dismantled sections alternate. The section from Oberhausen-Sterkrade to Herne was electrified between 1963 and 1975.

Duisburg–Dortmund railway
The Duisburg-Dortmund Railway is an important and historically significant railway in Germany. It is a major axis for long distance and regional passenger freight transport in the northern Ruhr. It is served by Intercity-Express, InterCity, Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It includes the central stations of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Gelsenkirchen, Dortmund and Wanne-Eickel and the regionally important stations of Essen-Altenessen and Herne.
It is the middle section of the Cologne-Minden trunk line from Cologne-Deutz to Minden. It was opened in 1847 and has been modernised and developed several times since then. Today, it has two to four tracks and is electrified and classified as a main line.
Juan Carlos Dyrzka
Juan Carlos Pablo Dyrzka (24 March 1941 in Buenos Aires – 26 June 2012) was an Argentine hurdler who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics and in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

His younger sister Emilia Dyrzka was also an athlete.

Emilia Dyrzka
Emilia Eugenia Laura Dyrzka (born 25 March 1946) is a retired Argentine athlete who competed in hurdling events and the pentathlon. She won multiple medals at continental level.

Her older brother Juan Carlos Dyrzka was also an athlete.
Ossabaw Island
Ossabaw Island is one of the Sea Islands located on the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the U.S. state of Georgia approximately twenty miles by water south from the historic downtown of the city of Savannah. One of the largest of Georgia's barrier islands, Ossabaw contains 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) of wooded uplands with freshwater ponds and 16,000 acres (6,500 ha) of marshlands interlaced with tidal creeks. Located between Wassaw Island and the Ogeechee River on the north and St. Catherines Island on the south, the island is not linked to the mainland by bridge or causeway. At 26,000 acres (11,000 ha), it is the third-largest barrier island off the coast of Georgia.

Sea Islands
The Sea Islands are a chain of over a hundred tidal and barrier islands on the Atlantic Ocean coast of the Southeastern United States, between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns rivers along South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. The largest is Johns Island, South Carolina. Sapelo Island is home to the Gullah people. All of the islands are acutely threatened by sea level rise due to climate change.
Indiana State Road 249
State Road 249 (SR 249) is a part of the Indiana State Road that runs between Portage and Burns Harbor in the US state of Indiana.  The 2.42 miles (3.89 km) of SR 249 that lie within Indiana serve as an access to the Port of Indiana. No section of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Most of the road is an urban four-lane divided highway, passing through farmland, residential and industrial properties.

Portage, Indiana
Portage (/ˈpɔːrtɪdʒ/ POR-tij) is a city in Portage and Westchester townships, Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana, on the border with Lake County. The population was 37,926 as of the 2020 census. It is the largest city in Porter County, and third largest in Northwest Indiana.
ORF3c
ORF3c is a gene found in coronaviruses of the subgenus Sarbecovirus, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified in the SARS-CoV-2 genome and encodes a 41 amino acid non-structural protein of unknown function. It is also present in the SARS-CoV genome, but was not recognized until the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 homolog.

ORF3a
ORF3a (previously known as X1 or U274) is a gene found in coronaviruses of the subgenus Sarbecovirus, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It encodes an accessory protein about 275 amino acid residues long, which is thought to function as a viroporin. It is the largest accessory protein and was the first of the SARS-CoV accessory proteins to be described.
Vilanova (parish)
Vilanova (Spanish: Villanueva) is one of four parishes (administrative divisions) in Villanueva de Oscos, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

Situated at 817 m (2,680 ft) above sea level, the parroquia is 29.22 km2 (11.28 sq mi) in size, with a population of 223.

Villanueva de Oscos
Villanueva de Oscos (Eonavian: Vilanova d'Ozcos) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Vegadeo and Castropol, on the south by San Martín de Oscos and Santa Eulalia de Oscos, on the east by Illano and San Martín, and on the west by Taramundi.

The medieval Monastery of Santa María de Villanueva de Oscos is located there.
Mujeeb Alam
Mujeeb Aalam (2 September 1948 – 2 June 2004) was a Pakistani playback singer who had a short film career. His singing style was a mixture of Mehdi Hassan and Ahmad Rushdi's style. He sang dozens of hit songs in the late 1960s. However, he lost his popularity in the mid-1970s as more versatile singers like Akhlaq Ahmed and A. Nayyar entered Pakistan film industry.

Chakori
Chakori (Bengali: চকোরী Urdu: چکوری), is a Pakistani Urdu feature film. This film was released on 22 March 1967 on Eid-ul-Azha Day in Dhaka, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The film was directed by Captain Ehtesham.

It was Nadeem's and Shabana's debut film. The film ran for 81 weeks, and became a platinum jubilee film.
Hans Kopfermann
Hans Kopfermann (26 April 1895 in Breckenheim near Wiesbaden – 26 January 1963 in Heidelberg) was a German atomic and nuclear physicist. He devoted his entire career to spectroscopic investigations, and he did pioneering work in measuring nuclear spin. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, also known as the Uranprojekt (Uranium Project).

Rudolf Ladenburg
Rudolf Walter Ladenburg (6 June 1882  – 6 April 1952) was a German physicist. When the wave of German emigration began in 1933, he was the principal coordinator for job placement of exiled physicists in the United States.  Albert Einstein gave the eulogy at Rudolf's funeral.
Alcimenes
Alcimenes (/ælˈsɪməniːz/, Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιμένης) can refer to a number of people in Greek mythology and history:

Mythology

Alcimenes, a Boeotian prince as the son of King Glaucus of Potniae and possibly, Eurymede or Eurynome, daughter of King Nisus of Megara. He was unintentionally killed by his own brother Bellerophon.  According to some traditions, he was called Deliades or Peiren.

Alcimedes, one of the sons of Jason and Medea.  When Jason subsequently wanted to marry Glauce, his sons Alcimenes and Tisander were murdered by Medea, and were afterwards buried by Jason in the sanctuary of Hera at Corinth.

History

Alcimenes, an Athenian comic poet, apparently a contemporary of Aeschylus.  One of his pieces is supposed to have been titled "The Female Swimmers" (Κολυμβῶσαι).  His works were greatly admired by Tynnichus, a younger contemporary of Aeschylus.

Alcimenes, a tragic writer who was a native of Megara, mentioned in the Suda.

Eurynome (daughter of Nisus)
In Greek mythology, Eurynome (/jʊəˈrɪnəmi/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρυνόμη, from εὐρύς, eurys, "broad" and νομός, nomos, "pasture" or νόμος "law") or Eurymede was a Megarian princess who became a queen of Corinth.
Rolling coal
Rolling coal (also spelled rollin' coal) is the practice of modifying a diesel engine to deliberately emit large amounts of black or gray diesel exhaust, containing soot and incompletely combusted fuel. Rolling coal is used as a form of anti-environmentalism protest. In some jurisdictions the practice is illegal, due to it violating clean air laws.

Modifications may include the intentional removal of the particulate filter, installing smoke switches, large exhausts, and smoke stacks. Modifications to a vehicle to enable rolling coal typically cost from US$200 to US$5,000. The modification reduces the fuel economy of the vehicle.

Anti-environmentalism
Anti-environmentalism is a set of ideas and actions that oppose environmentalism as a whole or specific environmental policies or environmental initiatives. Criticism of environmentalism originates from multiple ideologies, interest groups, and political objectives. Oppositions can take the form of an organized countermovement, aimed at scientific claims about climate change, environmental policies and regulations, in both national or international spheres. Anti-environmentalist actors may include workers in industries and companies that are threatened by environmental policies, and anti-environmentalist think tanks.

The reasons for opposition vary. They range from economic interests to ideological and political positions that are hostile towards environmental social and political change, including critical perspectives that encourage environmentalists to think about more inclusive approaches toward sustainability.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mason County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Mason County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Mason County, Texas. There are one district and three individual properties listed on the National Register in the county. The district contains one individually listed property, one State Antiquities Landmark and several Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Mason County, Texas
Mason County is a rural county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. At the 2020 census, its population was 3,953. Its county seat is Mason. The county is named for Fort Mason, which was located in the county.
Dnieper campaign (2022–present)
The Dnieper campaign is a series of clashes that are occurring along the river Dnieper (Dnipro) in Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, as part of the fighting in the southern theater of the Russo-Ukrainian War.  Specifically, this campaign refers to clashes along the river between the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Russian Armed Forces during and after the Ukrainian counteroffensive to retake Kherson.

36th Marine Brigade
The 36th Marine Brigade "Rear Admiral Mykhailo Bilinskyi" is a Ukrainian military unit. It was formed in 2015 from the 1st and 501st Marine Battalions, which had been previously part of Ukraine's 36th Coastal Defense Brigade and had been withdrawn from Russian-annexed Crimea. The brigade has participated in the war in Donbas since its formation. In February 2022, when Russia invaded Ukraine, the majority of the brigade was located in Mariupol.
Listed buildings in Egton
Egton is a civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 45 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Egton and Egton Bridge, and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The other listed buildings include public houses, churches and associated structures, a series of waymarkers, a boundary stone, a milepost, a bridge, a school and a memorial cross.

Egton Bridge
Egton Bridge is a village in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It lies within the North York Moors National Park, on the River Esk, between the villages of Glaisdale and Grosmont, about six miles south-west of Whitby, and on the route of the Esk Valley Walk.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

The stone bridge that crosses the Esk was rebuilt in 1992, having been destroyed by flood in the 1930s.
Anna Pisánská
Anna Pisanská is a former ice dancer who competed mainly for Czechoslovakia. With Jiří Musil, she is the 1979 Prague Skate bronze medalist and a four-time Czechoslovak national silver medalist. They finished in the top ten at 1979 European Championships in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, and 1980 European Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. They placed 14th at the 1979 World Championships in Vienna, Austria.

Pisanská and Musil were coached by Kotek and Ivan Rezek in Brno. They emigrated to England in 1980. Representing the United Kingdom, they won gold at the 1982 World Professional Championships in Jaca, Spain.

Jiří Musil (figure skater)
Jiří Musil is a former ice dancer who competed mainly for Czechoslovakia. With Anna Pisánská, he is the 1979 Prague Skate bronze medalist and a four-time Czechoslovak national silver medalist. They finished in the top ten at 1979 European Championships in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, and 1980 European Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. They placed 14th at the 1979 World Championships in Vienna, Austria.

Pisanská and Musil were coached by Kotek and Ivan Rezek in Brno. They emigrated to England in 1980. Representing the United Kingdom, they won gold at the 1982 World Professional Championships in Jaca, Spain.
Torcetrapib
Torcetrapib (CP-529,414, Pfizer) was a drug being developed to treat hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and prevent cardiovascular disease. Its development was halted in 2006 when phase III studies showed excessive all-cause mortality in the treatment group receiving a combination of atorvastatin (Lipitor) and torcetrapib.

CETP inhibitor
A CETP inhibitor is a member of a class of drugs that inhibit cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP). They are intended to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (a cardiovascular disease) by improving blood lipid levels. At least three medications within this class have failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect.
United States Army Remount Service
A part of the Quartermaster Corps, the U.S. Army Remount Service provided horses (and later mules and dogs) as remounts to U.S. Army units. Evolving from both the Remount Service of the Quartermaster Corps and a general horse-breeding program under the control of the Department of Agriculture, the Remount Service began systematically breeding horses for the United States Cavalry in 1918. It remained in operation until 1948, when all animal-breeding programs returned to Department of Agriculture control.

W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Center
The W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Center is a research facility on the campus of the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) which specializes on equine studies, breeding and research.
Ga–Dangme languages
Ga–Dangme is a branch of the Kwa language family. Ga–Dangme is made up of just two languages: Ga and Dangme. They are closely related and have sometimes been considered as a single language. There are many similarities in the basic vocabulary. There are also many words that are different, and grammatical differences, particularly in the verb phrase. Where they differ, Adangme is usually closer to the original Proto-Ga–Dangme than Ga.

Dangme language
The Dangme language, also Adangme, Dangbe or Adaŋgbi, is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by the Dangme people (Dangmeli). They are part of the larger Ga-Dangme ethnic group. Klogbi is a variant, spoken by the Kloli (Klo or Krobo People). Kropp Dakubu (1987) is the most thorough grammar of the language.
T-tail
A T-tail is an empennage configuration in which the tailplane of an aircraft is mounted to the top of the fin. The arrangement looks like the capital letter T, hence the name. The T-tail differs from the standard configuration in which the tailplane is mounted to the fuselage at the base of the fin.

Tailplane
A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabiliser, is a small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft. Gyroplanes and some helicopters also feature horizontal stabilisers as part of their tail assembly. Not all fixed-wing aircraft have tailplanes.Canards, tailless and flying wing aircraft have no separate tailplane, while in V-tail aircraft the vertical stabiliser, rudder, and the tail-plane and elevator are combined to form two diagonal surfaces in a V layout.

The function of the tailplane is to provide stability and control. In particular, the tailplane helps adjust for changes in position of the centre of pressure or centre of gravity caused by changes in speed and attitude, fuel consumption, or dropping cargo or payload.
Dukhan
Dukhan (Arabic: دخان, lit. 'smoke') is a city in the western municipality of Al-Shahaniya, Qatar. It is approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the capital, Doha. Dukhan is administered by Qatar's state oil agency QatarEnergy and is the site of the first oil discovery in Qatar. It was previously a part of Al Rayyan municipality.

All the industrial operations inside the city are administered by the Dukhan Operations Department. A Dukhan entry gate pass from QatarEnergy is required for entry to the city. Dukhan Highway, a four-lane motorway that runs for approximately 66 kilometres (41 miles), connects the city with Doha.

Dukhan Field
Dukhan Field  is a large petroleum-producing field extending over an area of approximately 80 km in Dukhan, Qatar. The first well was drilled in 1939/1940 and the first export of petroleum from Dukhan went out in 1949. The field produces up to 335,000 barrels (53,300 m3) of crude oil per day.
Monroe, Sussex County, New Jersey
Monroe, historically known as Monroe Corners, is an unincorporated community located along North Church Road (NJ Route 94) at the border between the townships of Hardyston and Sparta in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. The New Jersey Midland Railway built a station here named Monroe Corners sometime before 1872. The Old Monroe School House, a one-room stone school house built in 1819, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

Sparta, New Jersey
Sparta is a township in Sussex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 19,600, a decrease of 122 (−0.6%) from the 2010 census count of 19,722, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,642 (+9.1%) from the 18,080 counted in the 2000 census.

Sparta was organized as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14, 1845, from portions of Byram Township, Frankford Township, Hardyston Township and (the now-defunct) Newton Township. The township was named after the existing community of Sparta, which had been settled and named years before, the name likely coming from Sparta, Greece. Ogdensburg borough was incorporated on February 26, 1914, from portions of Sparta Township.

The township was listed as the safest place in New Jersey as well as the seventh safest municipality in the nation according to a 2022 crime statistic compilation from Safewise.com.
Australian Joint Stock Bank Building, Townsville
Australian Joint Stock Bank Building is a heritage-listed bank at 173 Flinders Street, Townsville CBD, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1887 to 1888 by MacMahon & Cliffe. It is also known as Australian Bank of Commerce and The Bank Nite Club. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Australian Joint Stock Bank
The Australian Joint Stock Bank was a bank in Australia. It operated from 1852 to 1910, after which it became the Australian Bank of Commerce and then was taken over by the Bank of New South Wales in 1931.
Borough of Cleethorpes
Cleethorpes was a local government district in Humberside, England from 1974 to 1996. It was granted borough status in 1975. 
It was formed on 1 April 1974 and covered Cleethorpes itself along with a wider area including Humberston, Laceby, Stallingborough, New Waltham, and Immingham (formerly part of the Grimsby Rural District). Based at Cleethorpes Town Hall, it was abolished on 1 April 1996 (along with Humberside) when it was merged with the borough of Great Grimsby as the new unitary North East Lincolnshire.

Cleethorpes Town Hall
Cleethorpes Town Hall is a municipal structure in Knoll Street, Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of Cleethorpes Borough Council, is a Grade II listed building.
Hebian station
Hebian station (simplified Chinese: 鹤边站; traditional Chinese: 鶴邊站; pinyin: Hèbiān Zhàn; Cantonese Yale: Hókbīn Jaahm) is a station on Line 14 of the Guangzhou Metro. It is located on the northwest of the junction between Helong 1st Road and Helong 1st Cross Road in the Helong Subdistrict of Baiyun District in Guangzhou. It opened on 29 September 2025.

Baiyun, Guangzhou
Baiyun District is one of 11 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong Province, China. The district is located in the city's northern suburbs and is named after the Baiyun Mountain (the "White Cloud Mountain"), one of the area's natural attractions.
Secession
Secession (from Latin: sēcessiō, lit. 'a withdrawing') is a term and a concept which is used in reference to the formal withdrawal of a group from a political entity.

In international law, secession is understood as a process in which an integral part of a state's territory unilaterally withdraws without the consent of the original state.

The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal is the creation of a new state or entity independent of the group or territory from which it seceded. Threats of secession can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. There is some academic debate about this definition, and in particular how it relates to separatism.

Independence
Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the status of a dependent territory or colony. The commemoration of the independence day of a country or nation celebrates when a country is free from all forms of colonialism; free to build a country or nation without any interference from other nations.