hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot
The 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot was a British Army line infantry regiment, raised in 1741. The regiment saw action during Father Le Loutre's War, the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War as well as the Peninsular War, the First Anglo-Burmese War and the Xhosa Wars. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) in 1881.

Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
The siege of Louisbourg (8 June – 26 July 1758) was fought during the Seven Years' War on Cape Breton Island between an attacking British force and defending French and Mi'kmaq troops. The French attempted to send reinforcements by sea, but were not able to as the fleet was blockaded and defeated by the British. The battle  ended French colonial dominance in Atlantic Canada and led to the subsequent British campaign to capture Quebec in 1759 and the remainder of New France the following year.
Dorothy Hill
Dorothy Hill, AC, CBE, FAA, FRS (10 September 1907 – 23 April 1997) was an Australian geologist and palaeontologist, the first female professor at an Australian university, and the first female president of the Australian Academy of Science.

Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science
The Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science (ANZAAS) is an organisation that was founded in 1888 as the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science to promote science. It awarded the Mueller Medal from 1904 until 2006, and continues to award the ANZAAS Medal, which it has awarded since 1965.
Mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe, maxicomputer, or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. Mainframe computers are often used as servers.

The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Later, the term mainframe was used to distinguish high-end commercial computers from less powerful machines.

Reliability, availability and serviceability
Reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS), also known as reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM), is a computer hardware engineering term involving reliability engineering, high availability, and serviceability design. The phrase was originally used by IBM as a term to describe the robustness of their mainframe computers.

Computers designed with higher levels of RAS have many features that protect data integrity and help them stay available for long periods of time without failure. This data integrity and  uptime is a particular selling point for mainframes and fault-tolerant systems.
John Kirkpatrick (pianist)
John Kirkpatrick (18 March 1905 – 8 November 1991) was an American classical pianist and music scholar, best known for championing the works of Charles Ives, Aaron Copland, Carl Ruggles, and Roy Harris. He gave the first complete public performance of Ives's Concord Sonata in 1939, which became a turning point in the composer's public recognition. Kirkpatrick played an important role in Ives scholarship, and he was leader in the Charles Ives Society. One important example is his role in the editing of Memos, which is a collection of Ives's autobiographical writings. At the time of his death Kirkpatrick was a professor emeritus at Yale University, where he had also been the curator of the Charles Ives archives.

Robert Moffat Palmer
Robert Moffat (variously "Moffatt" and "Moffett") Palmer (b. June 2, 1915, Syracuse, New York; d. July 3, 2010, Ithaca, New York) was an American composer, pianist and educator. He composed more than 90 works, including two symphonies, Nabuchodonosor (an oratorio), a piano concerto, four string quartets, three piano sonatas and numerous works for chamber ensembles.
Clevedon Shore
Clevedon Shore (grid reference ST402719) is a 0.38 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest adjacent to the Severn Estuary at Clevedon, North Somerset, notified in 1991.

It is the side of a mineralised fault, which runs east-west adjacent to the pier, and forms a small cliff feature in dolomitic conglomerate on the north side of Clevedon Beach, containing cream to pink baryte together with sulphides. The minerals identified at the site include: haematite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, galena, tetrahedrite, bornite, pyrite, marcasite, enargite and sphalerite. Secondary alteration of this assemblage has produced idaite, Covellite and other Copper sulphides.

The site is listed as a Geological Conservation Review site as several of the minerals found here are rare, in particular the beudantite. The presence of copper and arsenic is unusual for the Mendip district.

Clevedon
Clevedon (/ˈkliːvdən/, KLEEV-dən) is a seaside town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset, England. It lies along the Severn Estuary, among small hills that include Church Hill, Wain's Hill (topped by the remains of an Iron Age hillfort), Dial Hill, Strawberry Hill, Castle Hill, Hangstone Hill and Court Hill, a Site of Special Scientific Interest with overlaid Pleistocene deposits. It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Clevedon grew in the Victorian period as a seaside resort, and had a population of 21,398 at the 2021 census.
Frank P. O'Hare
Francis Peter O'Hare (1877–1960), was an American socialist political activist, journalist, and newspaper editor. O'Hare is best remembered as the husband and helpmate of Kate Richards O'Hare, one of the preeminent female socialists of the first quarter of the 20th century, and as co-editor with her of National Rip-Saw, a St. Louis socialist weekly. Following the couple's 1928 divorce, Frank O'Hare made a career as a writer and columnist for the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Kate Richards O'Hare
Carrie Katherine "Kate" Richards O'Hare (March 26, 1876 – January 10, 1948) was an American socialist activist, editor, and orator best known for her controversial imprisonment during World War I. She was a longtime member of the Socialist Party of America.
Edge-class cruise ship
The Edge class is a class of cruise ships operated by Celebrity Cruises, a subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. The class is constructed by Chantiers de l'Atlantique of France. At present, there are five active Edge-class ships: the lead vessel of the class Celebrity Edge, Celebrity Apex, Celebrity Beyond,
Celebrity Ascent, and Celebrity Xcel.
Celebrity Apex was scheduled to begin operations in April 2020, but entry into service was delayed until June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Celebrity Ascent welcomed its first guests in November 2023. A fifth ship, Celebrity Xcel debuted in November 2025  and a sixth, Celebrity Xcite, ship will enter service in 2028.

Both Celebrity Edge and Celebrity Apex were built with a gross tonnage (GT) of 130,818. Subsequent new builds have a hull extended by 20 metres (66 ft), bringing the length of the ship to 327 metres (1,072 ft 10 in), and an increased gross tonnage to 140,600 GT. Ships in this class are reported to cost US$1 billion each.

Celebrity Ascent
Celebrity Ascent is an Edge-class cruise ship owned by Celebrity Cruises. She is the sister ship of Celebrity Edge, Celebrity Apex, and Celebrity Beyond. The vessel's name derives from the company's slogan. The ship was constructed at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard, and entered service on 22 November 2023.
Anti-satellite weapon
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilized in warfare, a few countries (China, India, Russia, and the United States) have successfully shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. ASATs have also been used to remove decommissioned satellites.

ASAT roles include: defensive measures against an adversary's space-based and nuclear weapons, a force multiplier for a nuclear first strike, a countermeasure against an adversary's anti-ballistic missile defense (ABM), an asymmetric counter to a technologically superior adversary, and a counter-value weapon.

Use of ASATs generates space debris, which can collide with other satellites and generate more space debris. A cascading multiplication of space debris could cause Earth to suffer from Kessler syndrome.

High-altitude nuclear explosion
High-altitude nuclear explosions are the result of nuclear weapons testing within the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and in outer space. Several such tests were performed at high altitudes by the United States and the Soviet Union between 1958 and 1962.

The Partial Test Ban Treaty was passed in October 1963, ending atmospheric and exoatmospheric nuclear tests. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 banned the stationing of nuclear weapons in space, in addition to other weapons of mass destruction. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 prohibits all nuclear testing; whether over- or underground, underwater or in the atmosphere, but has yet to enter into force as it has not been ratified by some of the states party to the Treaty.
Memtransistor
The memtransistor (a blend word from Memory Transfer Resistor) is an experimental multi-terminal passive electronic component that might be used in the construction of artificial neural networks. It is a combination of the memristor and transistor technology. This technology is different from the 1T-1R approach since the devices are merged into one single entity. Multiple memristors can be embedded with a single transistor, enabling it to more accurately model a neuron with its multiple synaptic connections. A neural network produced from these would provide hardware-based artificial intelligence with a good foundation.

Memristor
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. It was described and named in 1971 by Leon Chua, completing a theoretical quartet of fundamental electrical components which also comprises the resistor, capacitor and inductor.

Chua and Kang later generalized the concept to memristive systems. Such a system comprises a circuit, of multiple conventional components, which mimics key properties of the ideal memristor component and is also commonly referred to as a memristor. Several such memristor system technologies have been developed, notably ReRAM.

The identification of memristive properties in electronic devices has attracted controversy. Experimentally, the ideal memristor has yet to be demonstrated.
La Sexta 2
laSexta2 was a Spanish television channel, owned and operated by Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, owned of laSexta. It was founded and started to broadcast on 1 October 2010 and ceased broadcasting on 1 May 2012 and was replaced by Xplora due its low ratings.

Xplora
Xplora was a Spanish TV channel owned by Atresmedia. The channel started broadcasting on 1 May 2012, replacing laSexta2 due its low ratings. On 5 May 2014, the channel ceased broadcasting.

Most of its programming were documentaries and reality television.
2020 XFL season
The 2020 XFL season was the first season in the reboot of the XFL, and the second in the history of the XFL brand created and owned by professional wrestling magnate Vince McMahon, coming 19 years after the 2001 XFL season.

The season began on February 8, 2020, with the DC Defenders hosting and defeating the Seattle Dragons. The league planned to have a ten-week regular season through April 12, with division championships April 18 and 19, with the XFL Championship scheduled for April 26 in Houston.

In March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the XFL announced that the league would be canceling the rest of the season, ahead of the league's suspension of operations and bankruptcy filing a month later.

Seattle Sea Dragons
The Seattle Sea Dragons were a professional American football team based in Seattle, Washington. The Sea Dragons competed in the second incarnation of the XFL. The team was founded by Vince McMahon’s Alpha Entertainment as the Seattle Dragons, and were owned and operated by Dwayne Johnson’s Alpha Acquico. The Sea Dragons played their home games at Lumen Field.
Maravilla Americana
Maravilla Americana (English: American Marvel) is a commentary written in 1756 by Miguel Cabrera on the portrait Our Lady of Guadalupe, a revered image of the Blessed Virgin Mary.  The portrait is located in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City.

"Maravilla Americana"  are the first two words of the document's title.  The full title in Spanish is Maravilla americana, y conjunto de raras maravillas, observadas con la direccion de las reglas de el arte de la pintura en la prodigiosa imagen de Nuestra Sra. de Guadalupe de Mexico (1695–1768).

Cabrera received extensive praise for Maravilla Americana throughout Europe from artists and clergymen. Pope Benedict XIV described the commentary with a quote from Psalm 147:20: “Non fecit taliter omni nationi” (God’s done nothing like it for any other nation).

Our Lady of Guadalupe
Our Lady of Guadalupe (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (Spanish: Virgen de Guadalupe) and as La Virgen Morena, is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with four Marian apparitions to Juan Diego and one to his uncle, Juan Bernardino reported in December 1531, when the Mexican territories were part of the Spanish Empire.

A venerated image on a cloak (tilmahtli) associated with the apparition is enshrined in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City.

Pope Leo XIII granted a decree of canonical coronation for the image on 8 February 1887. The rite of coronation was executed by the former Archbishop of Mexico, Próspero Alarcón y Sánchez de la Barquera on 12 October 1895. Pope Paul VI raised the shrine to the status of Minor Basilica via his Pontifical decree titled Sacra illa Ædes on 6 October 1976. It is the most-visited Catholic shrine in the world, and the world's third most-visited sacred site.
Galunggung
Mount Galunggung (Indonesian: Gunung Galunggung, formerly spelled Galoen-gong, Sundanese: ᮌᮥᮔᮥᮀ ᮍᮜᮥᮀᮍᮥᮀ) is an active stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia, around 80 km (50 mi) southeast of the West Java provincial capital, Bandung (or around 20 km (12 mi) to the northwest of the West Java town of Tasikmalaya). Mount Galunggung is part of the Sunda Arc extending through Sumatra, Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, which has resulted from the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.

For the first time since 1982 after eruptions finished and conditions seemed normal, on February 12, 2012, the status was upgraded to Alert based on changes in conditions. On May 28, 2012, it was lowered from 2 back to 1 (on a scale of 1–4).

Lahar
A lahar ( /ˈlɑːhɑːr/, from Javanese: lahar, ꦭꦲꦂ) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley.

Lahars are often extremely destructive and deadly; they can flow tens of metres per second, they have been known to be up to 140 metres (460 ft) deep, and large flows tend to destroy any structures in their path. Notable lahars include those at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines and Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, the latter of which killed more than 20,000 people in the Armero tragedy.
Sparta High School (New Jersey)
Sparta High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Sparta, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Sparta Township Public School District.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,045 students and 101.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.3:1. There were 35 students (3.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 16 (1.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Sparta Township Public School District
The Sparta Township Public School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Sparta, in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprising five schools, had an enrollment of 3,236 students and 290.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.1:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Haren Prison
Haren Prison (French: Prison de Haren; Dutch: Gevangenis van Haren) is a new prison in Haren in the north-eastern part of Brussels, Belgium. It is 9.8 kilometres (6.1 mi) from Brussels-South railway station, and is near Brussels Airport, Vilvoorde Viaduct and the planned Uplace shopping centre in Machelen in Flemish Brabant, just outside Brussels.  It is said to be the largest prison complex ever built in Belgium, and is intended to replace the old Saint-Gilles Prison, Forest Prison and Berkendael Prison. Three cell wings in Saint-Gilles will remain in use until the end of 2024. The women's prison in Berkendael is being converted into a detention centre for about 60 short-term prisoners (imprisonment less than three years).

Haren, Belgium
Haren (French: [aʁœn] ⓘ; Dutch: [ˈɦaːrə(n)] ⓘ; sometimes written Haeren in French) is a former municipality of Brussels, Belgium, that was merged into the City of Brussels in 1921. It is an outlying part of the municipality and is situated at the north-eastern edge of the Brussels-Capital Region, bordering Machelen outside the boundary. Haren's postal code is 1130.

In contrast to most of Brussels, Haren has maintained nearly as many Dutch-speakers as French-speakers and has preserved a somewhat rural appearance.
International Energy Centre
The International Energy Centre (IEC) is a collaborative initiative established by three of Australia's leading universities (University of Western Australia, University of Newcastle and University of Queensland), and foundation industry member Glencore Xstrata. IEC's vision is to create an established centre of excellence in thought leadership, postgraduate education and innovation management to support the transition to a sustainable low carbon world.

The Centre formed in 2011, with foundation sponsorship funding from Xstrata Coal, a subsidiary of Xstrata,(now Glencore Xstrata). The business model is based on the experience of the formation of the International Water Centre, a joint venture between University of Western Australia, University of Queensland (two of the three universities in the IEC) plus Griffith University and Monash University.  Recently Glencore awarded scholarships to six Master of Energy Studies students.

International WaterCentre
The International WaterCentre (IWC) is a Brisbane-based organisation providing education, training, and applied research to develop capacity and promote whole-of-water cycle approaches to Integrated Water Management globally.

Founded in 2005 through a partnership between the Queensland State Government and four of Australia's universities, the IWC is now jointly owned by The University of Queensland (UQ) and Griffith University (GU). The International WaterCentre was also named in the opening paper of the January 2010 issue of Freshwater Biology as one of the institutions (alongside The Nature Conservancy, World Water Forum and the World Bank) whose training programs represented the "most workable approach" to "educate a new generation of water scientists and policy makers".
Inferior orbital fissure
The inferior orbital fissure is a gap between the greater wing of sphenoid bone, and the maxilla. It connects the orbit (anteriorly) with the infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa (posteriorly).: 397

Greater wing of sphenoid bone
The greater wing of the sphenoid bone, or alisphenoid, is a bony process of the sphenoid bone, positioned in the skull behind each eye. There is one on each side, extending from the side of the body of the sphenoid and curving upward, laterally, and backward.
2008 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship
The 2008 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship was a golf tournament that was played from February 20–24, 2008 over the South Course at The Gallery Golf Club at Dove Mountain in Marana, Arizona. It was the tenth WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the first of three World Golf Championships held in 2008.

The purse remained at $8,000,000, one of the largest in golf. Tiger Woods won his third WGC Match Play title, and his 15th World Golf Championships event, by beating fellow American Stewart Cink 8 and 7 in the final.

WGC Match Play
The WGC Match Play, titled in later years as the WGC-Dell Technologies Match Play for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's golf tournament that had been held since 1999. It was the only one of the World Golf Championships to have been contested using the match play format. From 2016 until its final year in 2023, it was held at the Austin Country Club in Austin, Texas, United States.

Previous names include WGC-Dell Match Play (2015), WGC-Cadillac Match Play (2014), WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (2001–2013), and WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship (1999–2000). Before moving to Austin it had been hosted in Arizona eight times, California eight times, and Australia once. It is sanctioned and organized by the International Federation of PGA Tours and the prize money is official money on the PGA Tour, the European Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. Tiger Woods has the record number of wins with three. The winner receives a Wedgwood trophy named the Walter Hagen Cup.
2012 Copa Constitució
The 2012 Copa Constitució was the twentieth season of Andorra's football knockout tournament. The competition began on 15 January 2012 with the matches of the first elimination round and ended in May 2012 with the Final. UE Sant Julià are the defending champions. The winners earned a place in the first qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.

FC Lusitanos
FC Lusitanos, also known as Lusitans, was an Andorran football club from Andorra la Vella which was founded in 1999 and dissolved in 2020.

Lusitanos won their first Primera Divisió title in 2011–12 and its second national championship the following season. The club's name, crest and kit reflect its Portuguese identity.

The club's final season was the 2019–2020 season in the Segona Divisió.