hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
EuroVoc
EuroVoc is a multilingual thesaurus (controlled vocabulary) maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union and hosted on the portal Europa. It exists in the 24 official languages of the European Union (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish) plus Albanian, Macedonian and Serbian, although the user interface is not yet available in these languages.

Europa (web portal)
Europa is the official web portal of the European Union (EU), providing information on how the EU works, related news, events, publications and links to websites of institutions, agencies and other bodies. .europa.eu is also used as a common second level domain for the websites of the EU's bodies, for instance iss.europa.eu is the address of the Institute for Security Studies.

Europa was first published in February 1995 at the G7 ministerial meeting on information society in Brussels. Originally designed for that specific event, the portal expanded rapidly and the European Commission decided to develop it into a general information resource, specialising in the work and domain of the EU's bodies.

Laws and documents of major public interest are published in all 24 official EU languages. Documents that are not legally binding are usually published in the EU's institutional working languages; English, French and German.
Turkish Emissions Trading System
The Turkish Emissions Trading System is the carbon emission trading system for greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey, which is supposed to start in Q3 2026, with a pilot phase including industries such as cement. Exporters have to pay the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism from 1 January 2026 until the Turkish ETS starts. The implementation phase is due to run from  2027 to 2034. As of 2025 a law has been passed but allowances not yet decided, and it has not yet clear whether the country will join the Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.: section 4.4.1  In 2025 experts said that the lack of clarity on allowances (caps) was hindering future decarbonization.

EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, pronounced /ˈsiːbæm/) is a carbon tariff on carbon intensive products, such as steel, cement and some electricity, imported to the European Union. Legislated as part of the European Green Deal, it took effect in 2026, with reporting starting in 2023. CBAM was passed by the European Parliament with 450 votes for, 115 against, and 55 abstentions and the Council of the EU with 24 countries in favour. It  entered into force on 17 May 2023.
Electoral district of Mallee
Mallee was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1970 to 1985.

Mallee was abolished at the 1983 boundary redistribution, replaced by the Electoral district of Murray-Mallee from 1985. The last member for Mallee, Peter Lewis, went on to represent Murray-Mallee from December 1985.

Electoral district of Murray-Mallee
Murray-Mallee was an electoral district of the House of Assembly in the Australian state of South Australia from 1985 to 1993.

Murray-Mallee was created in a boundary redistribution in 1985, replacing the Electoral district of Mallee. The last member for Mallee, Peter Lewis, became the first representative for Murray-Mallee in December 1985.

Murray-Mallee was abolished in a boundary redistribution in 1993, replaced in part by the Electoral district of Ridley. The member for Murray-Mallee, Peter Lewis, went on to represent Ridley from December 1993.
Anmitsu
Anmitsu (あんみつ, rarely 餡蜜) is a wagashi (Japanese dessert) that dates to the Meiji era.

It is made of small cubes of agar jelly, a white translucent jelly made from red algae. The agar is dissolved with water (or fruit juice such as apple juice) to make the jelly. It is served in a bowl with sweet azuki bean paste or anko (the an part of anmitsu), boiled peas, often gyūhi and a variety of fruits such as peach slices, mikan, pieces of pineapples, and/or cherries. The anmitsu usually comes with a small pot of sweet black syrup, or mitsu (the mitsu part of anmitsu), which one pours onto the jelly before eating. Anmitsu is usually eaten with a spoon and fork.

A few variations on this dessert do exist. Mitsumame is anmitsu without bean paste, the mame meaning the peas that are served with the syrup and agar jelly instead. Cream anmitsu is anmitsu with ice cream on top. Shiratama dango are also commonly used as toppings.

Red bean paste
Red bean paste (traditional Chinese: 豆沙/紅豆沙; simplified Chinese: 豆沙/红豆沙; Japanese: あんこ or 小豆餡; Korean: 팥소) or red bean jam, also called adzuki bean paste or anko (a Japanese word), is a paste made of red beans (also called "adzuki beans"), used in East Asian cuisine. The paste is prepared by boiling the beans, then mashing or grinding them.

The paste can be sweetened or left as it is. The color is usually dark red, which comes from the husk of the beans. In Korean cuisine, the adzuki beans (often the black variety) can also be husked prior to cooking, resulting in a white paste. It is also possible to remove the husk by sieving after cooking, but before sweetening, resulting in a red paste that is smoother and more homogeneous.
Christopher D. Pappas
Christopher Daniel Pappas is the Founder and CEO of CDP Consulting LLC and a former chemical industry CEO. He is the chair of the board of directors of Klöckner Pentaplast, and a current member of the board of directors of Hexion, IPS Corporation, and Innovative Chemical Products Group. Pappas also currently serves as an advisor to various private equity firms on industrial and chemical industry transactions.

Society of Chemical Industry (America Section)
The Society of Chemical Industry (America Section)  or SCI America is an independent learned society inspired by the creation of the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) in London in 1881. Originally known as the New York Section, it was formed in 1894 and officially renamed the America Section in 1919. SCI America awards several prizes in fields that support the chemical industry: the Perkin Medal, the Chemical Industry Medal and the Gordon E. Moore Medal. SCI America also awards scholarships to college students majoring in the chemical sciences through Scholarship America, as well as supports Black scholars in chemistry and chemical engineering through the American Institute of Chemical Engineers' FOSSI program.
Paris–Bordeaux railway
The railway from Paris to Bordeaux is an important French 584-kilometre long railway line, that connects Paris to the southwestern port city Bordeaux via Orléans and Tours. The railway was opened in several stages between 1840 and 1853, when the section from Poitiers to Angoulême was finished. The opening of the LGV Atlantique high speed line from Paris to Tours in 1989 has decreased the importance of this section of the line for passenger traffic; the opening of the LGV Sud Europe Atlantique in 2017 has seen all long distance passenger trains migrating to that line and leaving space for more regional and local trains, as well as freight trains.

Tours station
Tours station (French: Gare de Tours) is a railway station serving the city of Tours, Indre-et-Loire department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Bordeaux railway, the Tours–Saint-Nazaire railway, and the non-electrified Tours–Le Mans railway. The Gare de Tours is a terminus; most TGV trains only serve the nearby Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps.
FTR (bus)
FTR was a British bus rapid transit system formerly operated in Leeds, Luton, Swansea and York. FirstGroup introduced the system, using 39 Wright StreetCar articulated buses in conjunction with infrastructure upgrades by local authorities. The vehicles were branded as "the future of travel", the operators claiming that ftr is Abjadic textspeak for the word future.

First York
First York operates local bus services, with a network centring around the cathedral city of York, North Yorkshire, England. It is a subsidiary of FirstGroup, which operates bus, rail and tram services across the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Bielski partisans
The Bielski partisans were a unit of Polish Jewish partisans who rescued Jews from extermination and fought the German occupiers and their collaborators around Novogrudok and Lida in German-occupied Poland  (now western Belarus). The partisan unit was named after the Bielskis, a family of Polish Jews who organized and led the community.

The Bielski partisans spent more than two years living in the forest. By the end of the war they numbered as many as 1,236 members, most of whom were non-combatants, including children and the elderly. The Bielski partisans are seen by many Jews as heroes for having led as many refugees as they did away from the perils of war and the Holocaust. However, as their relations with the non-Jewish population were strained and occasionally violent, their wartime record has been the subject of some controversy in Poland.

Nechama Tec
Nechama Tec (née Bawnik, 15 May 1931 – 3 August 2023) was a Polish-American historian who was professor emerita of Sociology at the University of Connecticut. She received her Ph.D. in sociology at Columbia University, where she studied and worked with the sociologist Daniel Bell, and was a Holocaust scholar. Her book When Light Pierced the Darkness (1986) and her memoir Dry Tears: The Story of a Lost Childhood (1984) both received the Merit of Distinction Award from the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. She is also the author of the book Defiance: The Bielski Partisans on which the film  Defiance (2008) is based, as well as a study of women in the Holocaust. She was awarded the 1994 International Anne Frank Special Recognition prize for it.
Ledbury Town Halt railway station
Ledbury Town Halt was one of two stations serving the town of Ledbury. It was situated at the junction of  Bridge Street and Bye Street, just to the north of the point where Bridge Street crossed the line. It was opened in 1928  and closed in 1959 when the line was closed to passengers.

The station site can be accessed by the public as part of the Ledbury Town Trail, a footpath which uses part of the old railway line.

Ledbury
Ledbury is a market town and civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, lying east of Hereford, and west of the Malvern Hills.

It has a significant number of Tudor-style timber-framed structures, in particular along Church Lane and High Street. One of the most outstanding is Ledbury Market Hall, built in 1617, located in the town centre. Other notable buildings include the parish church of St. Michael and All Angels, the Painted Room (containing sixteenth-century frescoes), the Old Grammar School, the Barrett-Browning memorial clock tower (designed by Brightwen Binyon and opened in 1896 to house the library until 2015), nearby Eastnor Castle and the St. Katherine's Hospital site. Founded c. 1231, this is a rare surviving example of a hospital complex, with hall, chapel, a Master's House (fully restored and opened in March 2015 to house the Library), almshouses and a timber-framed barn.
Kia Connect
Kia Connect, formerly UVO eServices, is a paid subscription OEM infotainment and telematics service offered by Kia Motors America on select vehicles for the United States market. The system allows users to make hands-free calls on their smartphone, stream music, navigate to a POI, and perform vehicle diagnostics with the use of voice commands.

The integrated in-vehicle communications and entertainment system is developed by Kia Motors and other third-party developers.

Kia K5
The Kia K5 (Korean: 기아 K5), formerly known as the Kia Optima (Korean: 기아 옵티마), is a mid-size car manufactured by Kia since 2000 and marketed globally through various nameplates. First generation cars were mostly marketed as the Optima, although the Kia Magentis name was used in Europe and Canada when sales began there in 2002. For the second-generation models, Kia used the Kia Lotze and Kia K5 name for the South Korean market, and the Magentis name globally, except in the United States, Canada, Malaysia and the Middle East, where the Optima name was retained until the 2021 model year. The K5 name is used for all markets since the introduction of the fifth generation in 2019.
Financial plan
In general usage, a financial plan is a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's current pay and future financial state by using current known variables to predict future income, asset values and withdrawal plans.  This often includes a budget which organizes an individual's finances and sometimes includes a series of steps or specific goals for spending and saving in the future. This plan allocates future income to various types of expenses, such as rent or utilities, and also reserves some income for short-term and long-term savings. A financial plan is sometimes referred to as an investment plan, but in personal finance, a financial plan can focus on other specific areas such as risk management, estates, college, or retirement.

Personal finance
Personal finance is the financial management that an individual or a family unit performs to budget, save, and spend monetary resources in a controlled manner, taking into account various financial risks and future life events.

When planning personal finances, the individual would take into account the suitability of various banking products (checking accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, and loans), insurance products (health insurance, disability insurance, life insurance, etc.), and investment products (bonds, stocks, real estate, etc.), as well as participation in monitoring and management of credit scores, income taxes, retirement funds and pensions.
Silifke
Silifke is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,692 km2, and its population is 132,665 (2022). It is 80 km (50 mi) west of the city of Mersin, on the west end of the Çukurova plain.

Silifke lies on the Göksu River, the ancient Calycadnus, near its outlet into the Mediterranean. The river flows from the nearby Taurus Mountains and the city is surrounded by attractive countryside along its banks.

Cilicia
Cilicia (/sɪˈlɪʃə/, sil-ISH-ə) is a geographical region of southern Anatolia in West Asia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia borders Pamphylia to the west, Lycaonia and Cappadocia to the north, Commagene to the north-east, Syria to the east and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (Turkish: Çukurova). The region includes the provinces of Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye and Hatay.
Shelley Riley Moore
Shelley Riley Moore (July 15, 1926 – September 13, 2014) was an American educator who served as the First Lady of West Virginia from 1969–1977, and from 1985–1989 during the tenure of her husband, former Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. and the mother of U.S. Senator Shelley Moore Capito.

Moore's twelve-year tenure was the longest of any first lady in West Virginia's history. Moore founded the West Virginia Mansion Preservation Foundation in 1985 to preserve the state Governor's Mansion. She was the mother of West Virginia politician Shelley Moore Capito. Moore's grandchildren Moore Capito and Riley Moore are also politicians.

Riley Moore
Riley McGowan Moore (born July 1, 1980) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for West Virginia's 2nd congressional district since 2025. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 25th West Virginia State Treasurer from 2021 to 2025 and represented district 67 in the West Virginia House of Delegates from 2017 to 2019.
Curie (microarchitecture)
Curie is the codename for a GPU microarchitecture developed by Nvidia, and released in 2004, as the successor to the Rankine microarchitecture. It was named with reference to the Polish physicist Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie and used with the GeForce 6 and 7 series. Curie was followed by Tesla.

GeForce 6 series
The GeForce 6 series (codename NV40) is the sixth generation of Nvidia's GeForce line of graphics processing units. Launched on April 14, 2004, the GeForce 6 family introduced PureVideo post-processing for video, SLI technology, and Shader Model 3.0 support (compliant with Microsoft DirectX 9.0c specification and OpenGL 2.0).
Kandake
Kandake, kadake or kentake (Meroitic: 𐦲𐦷𐦲𐦡, romanized: kdke), often Latinised as Candace (Ancient Greek: Κανδάκη, romanized: Kandákē), was one Meroitic term for a queen or queen mother of Kingdom of Kush. It is attested for six or seven women. Some were rulers, while others were most likely just wives of a king. In some cases, she may have been sister or close female relative of the king of Kush, she also could be the queen mother. She sometimes had her own court, possibly acted as a landholder and held a secular role as regent until her son come of age. A kandake who ruled in her own right bore in addition the title qore, the same title carried by male rulers. Contemporary Greek and Roman sources treated it, incorrectly, as a name. The name Candace is derived from the way the word is used in the New Testament (Acts 8:27).

Ethiopian eunuch
The Ethiopian eunuch, also called as Djan Darada (Russian: Джан Дарада), also identified as Simeon Bakos, is a figure in the New Testament of the Bible and an early Christian saint. His feast days are on 4 January, 17 June, and on 27 August. The story of his conversion to Christianity at the preaching of Philip the Evangelist is recounted in Acts 8. He is a foundational figure of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
Ecsenius portenoyi
Ecsenius portenoyi is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in the western central Pacific ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 4.5 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds. Its specific name honours Norman S. Portenoy of Bethesda, Maryland for his support of the ichthyological expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History.

Ecsenius
Ecsenius is a large genus of fish in the family Blenniidae. Several species, including Ecsenius midas, the Midas blenny, and Ecsenius bicolor, the bicolor blenny, are commonly sold at aquarium stores as pets.
Infratrochlear nerve
The infratrochlear nerve is a branch of the nasociliary nerve (itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)) in the orbit. It exits the orbit inferior to the trochlea of superior oblique. It provides sensory innervation to structures of the orbit and skin of adjacent structures.: 631, 783

Ophthalmic nerve
The ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) is a sensory nerve of the head. It is one of three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the fifth cranial nerve. It has three major branches which provide sensory innervation to the eye, and the skin of the upper face and anterior scalp, as well as other structures of the head.
United States Coast Guard Reserve
The United States Coast Guard Reserve is the reserve component of the United States Coast Guard. It is organized, trained, administered, and supplied under the direction of the commandant of the Coast Guard through the assistant commandant for reserve (CG-R).

Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces
The reserve components of the United States Armed Forces are military organizations whose members generally perform a minimum of 39 days of military duty per year and who augment the active duty (or full-time) military when necessary. The reserve components are also referred to collectively as the National Guard and Reserve.

According to 10 U.S.C. § 10102, "the purpose of each reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in time of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever, during and after the period needed to procure and train additional units and qualified persons to achieve the planned mobilization, more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components."
Engagements on Lake Huron
The series of Engagements on Lake Huron left the British in control of the lake and their Native American allies in control of the northwestern sector of the Old Northwest for the latter stages of the War of 1812 including Mackinac Island.

An American force which had failed to recapture the vital outpost at Fort Mackinac in August 1814 attempted to starve its garrison into surrender by destroying the schooner Nancy which carried supplies to Mackinac from the Nottawasaga River and then blockading the island with two gunboats. A party of sailors of the Royal Navy and soldiers from the garrison of Mackinac captured both gunboats by surprise in the first week of September, leaving the British in control of the lake until the end of the war.

Canadian units of the War of 1812
When the United States and the United Kingdom went to war against each other in 1812, the major land theatres of war were Upper Canada (broadly the southern portion of the present day province of Ontario), Michigan Territory, Lower Canada (roughly the southern part of present-day Quebec) and the Maritime Provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton (colony between 1784 and 1820).
Each of the separate British administrations formed regular and fencible units, and both full-time and part-time militia units, many of which played a major part in the fighting over the two and a half years of the war.
Palazzo Colonna
The Palazzo Colonna (Italian pronunciation: [paˈlattso koˈlonna, - koˈlɔnna]) is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli. It is built in part over the ruins of an old Roman serapeum, and it has belonged to the prominent Colonna family for over twenty generations.

Colonna family
The House of Colonna is a prominent Italian family, forming part of the papal nobility. It played a pivotal role in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V), 23 cardinals and many other church and political leaders. Other notable family members are Vittoria Colonna, close friend of Michelangelo, Marcantonio II Colonna (Marcantonio Colonna), leader of the papal fleet in the Battle of Lepanto (1571) and Costanza Colonna, patron and protector of Caravaggio. The family was notable for its bitter feud with the Orsini family over their influence in Rome, which was eventually settled by the issuing of the papal bull Pax Romana by Pope Julius II in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V. Thereafter, historians recorded that "no peace had been concluded between the princes of Christendom, in which they had not been included by name". Today, the family is led by Don Prospero Colonna (b.1956).
Attenborolimulus
Attenborolimulus is an extinct genus of austrolimulid horseshoe crab with one known species: Attenborolimulus superspinosus. This genus is known from the Petropavlovka Formation in Russia, dating to the Olenekian age (early Triassic).

Austrolimulidae
Austrolimulidae is an extinct family of xiphosurans belonging to the infraorder Limulina. Members of the family are known from the Permian to the beginning of the Jurassic, though one possible species has been reported from the end of the Cretaceous. Austrolimulids are known for amongst the most extreme morphologies among xiphosurans, including large elongated genal spines. Unlike living living horseshoe crabs (Limulidae), austrolimulids were likely adapted for freshwater and brackish environments. The large genal spines may have helped austrolimulids move in areas of unidirectional current, such as rivers. They are considered to be the sister group to Limulidae.