hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
California Institution for Men
California Institution for Men (CIM) is a male-only state prison located in the city of Chino, San Bernardino County, California. It is often colloquially referenced as "Chino". In turn, locals call the prison "Chino Men's" or just "Men's" to avoid confusion with the city itself.

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
Suede
Suede (pronounced /sweɪd/ SWAYD) is a type of leather with a fuzzy, napped finish, commonly used for jackets, shoes, fabrics, purses, furniture, and other items.

Suede is made from the underside of the animal skin, which is softer and more pliable than the outer skin layer, though not as durable.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Biretz
Biretz, also known as “electoral cloth”, was a double cloth with a twill pattern on one side and a cord pattern on the other. It was a reversible construction. Biretz was made from wool, silk or other wool combinations. The material was used to make dresses.

Double cloth
Double cloth or double weave (also doublecloth, double-cloth, doubleweave) is a kind of woven textile in which two or more sets of warps and one or more sets of weft or filling yarns are interconnected to form a two-layered cloth. The movement of threads between the layers allows complex patterns and surface textures to be created.

In contemporary textile manufacturing, the term "double cloth" or "true double cloth" is sometimes restricted to fabrics with two warps and three wefts, made up as two distinct fabrics lightly connected by the third or binding weft, but this distinction is not always made, and double-woven fabrics in which two warps and two wefts interlace to form geometric patterns are also called double cloths.
Gosforth
Gosforth is an area of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England, situated north of the city centre. It constituted a separate urban district of Northumberland from 1895 until 1974 before officially merging with the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 2001, it had a population of 23,620.

The Ouseburn divides Gosforth from High Heaton and Longbenton to the east, while the smaller Craghall Burn forms the boundary with Jesmond and the Town Moor to the south. Kenton and Coxlodge lie to the west. There are four electoral wards on Newcastle City Council that include parts of Gosforth: Dene and South Gosforth, Fawdon and West Gosforth, Gosforth, and Parklands.

South Gosforth Metro station
South Gosforth is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, and former British Rail station, serving the suburb of Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It originally opened on 27 June 1864 , as part of the Blyth and Tyne Railway, and became part of the Tyne and Wear Metro on 11 August 1980. Above the station platform is a control centre for the signals and an office are for the Tyne and Wear metro.
130th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 130th (Devon & Cornwall) Brigade, originally the Plymouth Brigade was an infantry formation of Britain's Volunteer Force, Territorial Force, and later Territorial Army (TA). In the First World War the brigade was in British India for most of the war and did not see service as a complete formation, but many of its battalions fought in the Middle East campaigns. The brigade (without its Devon or Cornwall battalions) did see action during the campaign in North West Europe of the Second World War, distinguishing itself at actions such as Operation Jupiter (Hill 112), the capture of Mont Pinçon, Operation Market Garden, at 'Dorset Wood' and at Hengelo. As 130 (West Country) Brigade it continued in the postwar TA until 1961.

Basil Coad
Major-General Basil Aubrey Coad, CB, CBE, DSO & Bar, DL (27 September 1906 – 26 March 1980) was a senior British Army officer. He held battalion, brigade and divisional commands during the Second World War and immediately after, but is best known as the commander of the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade during the Korean War.

After his involvement in Korea, he held a further divisional command, and then a senior administrative position in the army before retiring. In retirement, he continued his connection with the army, serving as Colonel of his former regiment, and assisting in writing the British official history of the Korean War. He was also appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Wiltshire.
U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub
The U.P.–Ayala Land TechnoHub is an information technology hub jointly developed by the University of the Philippines Diliman and property developer Ayala Land. It is located along Commonwealth Avenue in U.P. Campus, Quezon City, Metro Manila. and occupies 20 ha (0.20 km2) of the 37.5 ha (0.375 km2) U.P. North Science and Technology Park inside the U.P. Diliman campus.

The development is bounded to the north by Central Avenue and the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, bounded to the east by the U.P. Arboretum, and bounded to the southeast by Commonwealth Avenue.

University of the Philippines Arboretum
The University of the Philippines Arboretum, also known as UP Arboretum, is a botanical garden and urban forest located in the University of the Philippines Diliman campus in Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It lies at the northern part of Barangay U.P. Campus between the U.P.-Ayala Land TechnoHub on Commonwealth Avenue to the south and Central Avenue and Barangay Culiat to the north, close to the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute. The 16-hectare (40-acre) man-made forest garden houses a collection of more than 9,000 tropical plants of about 77 unique species. It is one of few rainforests of its size located entirely within Metro Manila.
Lower Myanmar
Lower Myanmar (Burmese: အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Lower Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy Delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine, Kayin and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).

In the Burmese language, people originating from Upper Myanmar are typically called a-nya-tha for men and a-nya-thu for women, whereas those from Lower Myanmar are called auk tha (အောက်သား) for men and auk thu for women.

Green represents Upper Myanmar and Yellow represents Lower Myanmar

Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region, formerly Tenasserim Division and Tanintharyi Division, is a region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the northern Malay Peninsula, reaching to the Kra Isthmus. It borders the Andaman Sea to the west and the Tenasserim Hills, beyond which lie Thailand, to the east. To the north is the Mon State. There are many islands off the coast, the large Mergui Archipelago in the southern and central coastal areas and the smaller Moscos Islands off the northern shores. The capital of the division is Dawei (Tavoy). Other important cities include Myeik (Mergui) and Kawthaung. The division covers an area of 43,344.9 square kilometres (16,735.6 sq mi), and had a population of 1,406,434 at the 2014 Census.
Alexei Kitaev
Alexei Yurievich Kitaev (Russian: Алексей Юрьевич Китаев; born August 26, 1963) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist.

He is currently a professor of theoretical physics and mathematics at the California Institute of Technology.

Kitaev has received multiple awards recognizing his contributions to quantum information science and condensed matter physics, particularly in quantum computation and topological phases of matter.

Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
The L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics (Russian: Институт теоретической физики имени Л. Д. Ландау (ИТФ)) of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a research institution, located in the small town of Chernogolovka near Moscow (there is also a subdivision in Moscow, on the territory of the P. L. Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems).
Llangefni RFC
Llangefni Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Llangefni) is a rugby union team from the town of Llangefni, on the island of Anglesey, North Wales. Llangefni RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union.

Llangefni
Llangefni (Welsh for 'church on the river Cefni'; Welsh pronunciation: [ɬaŋˈɡɛvni]) is the county town of Anglesey in Wales. At the 2011 census, Llangefni's population was 5,116, making it the second-largest town in the county and the largest on the island. The community includes the village of Rhosmeirch. In 2022, population was 7,039 people.
H-bridge
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards or backwards. The name is derived from its common schematic diagram representation, with four switching elements configured as the branches of a letter "H" and the load connected as the cross-bar.

Most DC-to-AC converters (power inverters),
most AC/AC converters,
the DC-to-DC push–pull converter, isolated DC-to-DC converter
most motor controllers,
and many other kinds of power electronics use H bridges.
In particular, a bipolar stepper motor is almost always driven by a motor controller containing two H bridges.

Active rectification
Active rectification, or synchronous rectification, is a technique for improving the efficiency of rectification by replacing diodes with actively controlled switches, usually power MOSFETs or power bipolar junction transistors (BJT). Whereas normal semiconductor diodes have a roughly fixed voltage drop of around 0.5 to 1 volts, active rectifiers behave as resistances, and can have arbitrarily low voltage drop.

Historically, vibrator-driven switches or motor-driven  commutators have also been used for mechanical rectifiers and  synchronous rectification.

Active rectification has many applications. It is frequently used for arrays of photovoltaic panels to avoid reverse current flow that can cause overheating with partial shading while giving minimum power loss. It is also used in switched-mode power supplies (SMPS).
Ruth May (nurse)
Dame Ruth Rosemarie Beverley, DBE (born 1 June 1967), known professionally as Ruth May, is a British nurse. From 2019 until 2024, she served as the Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) for England and an executive/national director at NHS England and NHS Improvement where she was also the national director responsible for infection prevention and control.

Chief Nursing Officer (United Kingdom)
The Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) is the most senior adviser on nursing matters in a government. The CNOs in the United Kingdom are appointed to advise their respective governments: His Majesty's Government, the Northern Ireland Executive, the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government. Each CNO is assisted by one or more Deputy Chief Nursing Officers, and is complemented by a Chief Medical Officer.
AgentSheets
AgentSheets is a block-based programming language designed for children. AgentSheets uses drag-and-drop mechanisms with commands such as conditions and actions as editable blocks that could be composed into programs.

The main building blocks of AgentSheets were interactive objects, or "agents", that were programmed through rules. Using conditions, agents could sense the user input, including speech recognition and webpage content. Using actions, agents could move, produce sounds, open webpages, and compute formulas.

Visual programming language
In computing, a visual programming language (visual programming system, VPL, or, VPS), also known as diagrammatic programming, graphical programming or block coding, is a programming language that lets users create programs by manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually. A VPL allows programming with visual expressions, spatial arrangements of text and graphic symbols, used either as elements of syntax or secondary notation. For example, many VPLs are based on the idea of "boxes and arrows", where boxes or other screen objects are treated as entities, connected by arrows, lines or arcs which represent relations. VPLs are generally the basis of low-code development platforms. Scratch is an example of a VPL.
Joseph Neville
Joseph Neville Jr. (December 2, 1733 – March 4, 1819) was an American soldier, planter and politician from Virginia. In addition to military service during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812, Neville represented Hampshire County in the Virginia House of Burgesses, several of the Virginia Revolutionary Conventions and in the House of Delegates during the American Revolutionary War. Fellow legislators twice elected him to the United States House of Representatives, where he served from 1793 until 1795. He died at the age of 85 in what became Hardy County during his lifetime.

John Neville (general)
John Neville (July 26, 1731 – July 29, 1803) was an American military officer, land speculator, local official, and slave owner, who served in the French and Indian War, Lord Dunmore's War and the American Revolutionary War. As an early federal tax collector he became a central figure in the Whiskey Rebellion.
Chatfield Hollow State Park
Chatfield Hollow State Park is a public recreation area occupying 412 acres (167 ha) that lie adjacent to Cockaponset State Forest in the town of Killingworth, Connecticut. The state park offers hiking trails, a swimming beach, trout fishing, mountain biking, rock climbing, and picnicking areas. Park attractions include 6.67-acre (2.70 ha) Schreeder Pond, Indian caves, historic sites, a restored water wheel, and a reproduction covered bridge. The park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

Killingworth, Connecticut
Killingworth is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 6,174 at the 2020 United States census.
Richway
Richway was the discount department store division of Atlanta-based Rich's.  It was originally part of Rich's, and was later bought by Federated Department Stores when they purchased the Rich's chain.  It was originally known as Richway, a Rich's Company with a more bluish logo than the later orange and black theme under Federated ownership.  The sunrise logo means "Everything Under The Sun", the slogan used in advertisements from that period.  The official name of the chain was later Richway Department Stores. A long tagline on commercials was "We don't look like a discount store, but our price tags give us away."

Rich's (department store)
Rich's was an American department store chain founded in 1867 by Mauritius Reich. It operated in the southern United States, and was headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, until it was dissolved in favor of the Macy's brand in 2005.
Lê Trung Tông (Revival Lê dynasty)
Lê Trung Tông (chữ Hán: 黎中宗, 1535 – 24 January 1556), birth name Lê Huyên (黎暄), posthumously known as Vũ Hoàng đế, was the 13th emperor of the Later Lê Dynasty, reigned from 1548 to 1556. He succeeded Lê Trang Tông (1533–1548) and was succeeded by Lê Anh Tông (1556–1573). The emperor ruled in name only however, as the Trịnh lords monopolized the royal court while the Mạc dynasty ruled in the far north and the Nguyễn lords seized control of the southern part of Vietnam up to Thanh Hoa.

Lê Anh Tông
Lê Anh Tông (chữ Hán: 黎英宗; 1532–1573), posthumous name Tuấn Hoàng đế (峻皇帝) birth name Lê Duy Bang (黎維邦) was the 12th emperor of Vietnamese Later Lê dynasty, ruling nation's south realm from 1556 to 1573 during the Lê-Mạc war. Through his reign, Anh Tông was just a nominal emperor of south Đại Việt, with actual governing and military power possessed by the Trịnh, a warrior house from Thanh Hóa. Although the Lê house was namely the main enemy of the Mạc house in the north, Lê troops fighting the northerners were actually commanded by Trịnh warlords. Lê Anh Tông eventually grew hostile against those warlords, who he saw as occupying too much power. The emperor made a plot against one of them, Prime Minister Trịnh Tùng. The plot failed at the cost of Anh Tông's life. However, after Anh Tông's death, Trịnh Tùng decided to maintain the Lê imperial house by keeping Anh Tông's youngest son Lê Duy Đàm (Lê Thế Tông) as figurehead emperor.
Talwood, Queensland
Talwood is a rural town and locality in Goondiwindi Region, Queensland, Australia.

On 17 May 2024, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities of North Talwood and South Talwood into a single locality called Talwood (with the already existing town of Talwood as its main urban area).

Goondiwindi Region
The Goondiwindi Region is a local government area located in the Darling Downs region of Queensland, Australia along the state's border with New South Wales. Established in 2008, it was preceded by three previous local government areas which dated back to the 19th century.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$26.1 million.

In the 2021 census, the Goondiwindi Region had a population of 10,310 people.
Cheryl Clarke
Cheryl Lynn Clarke (born Washington D.C., May 16, 1947) is an American lesbian poet, essayist, educator, and Black feminist community activist. Her scholarship focuses on African-American women's literature, black lesbian feminism, and the Black Arts Movement in the United States.

For more than 40 years, Clarke was founding Director of Diverse Community Affairs and Lesbian/Gay Concerns, later the Office of Social Justice Education and LBT Communities, at Rutgers University. She maintains a teaching affiliation with the Graduate Faculty of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, though retired. In addition, Clarke serves on the board of the Newark Pride Alliance.

Home Girls
Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology (1983) is a collection of Black lesbian and Black feminist essays, edited by Barbara Smith. The anthology includes different accounts from 32 black women of feminist ideology who come from a variety of different areas, cultures, and classes. This collection of writings is intended to showcase the similarities among black women from different walks of life. In the introduction, Smith states her belief that "Black feminism is, on every level, organic to Black experience." Writings within Home Girls support this belief through essays that exemplify black women's struggles and lived experiences within their race, gender, sexual orientation, culture, and home life. Topics and stories discussed in the writings often touch on subjects that in the past have been deemed taboo, provocative, and profound.
Media Transfer Protocol
The Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) is an extension to the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) communications protocol that allows media files to be transferred automatically to and from portable devices. Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital cameras, Media Transfer Protocol allows the transfer of music files on digital audio players and media files on portable media players, as well as personal information on personal digital assistants. In 2011, MTP became the standard method to transfer files to and from Android.

The USB Implementers Forum device working group standardized MTP as a full-fledged Universal Serial Bus (USB) device class in May 2008. Since then, MTP is an official extension to PTP and shares the same class code.

USB mass storage device class
The USB mass storage device class (also known as USB MSC or UMS) is a set of computing communications protocols, specifically a USB Device Class, defined by the USB Implementers Forum that makes a USB device accessible to a host computing device and enables file transfers between the host and the USB device. To a host, the USB device acts as an external hard drive; the protocol sets interfaces with a number of storage devices.
Tiefurt House
Tiefurt House (German: Schloss Tiefurt) is a small stately home on the Ilm river in the Tiefurt quarter of Weimar, about 4 km east of the city centre. It was the summer residence of duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Because of its importance as a centre of culture during the Weimar Classicism movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Tiefurt House was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998 as part of the Classical Weimar site.

Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)
Classical Weimar (German: Klassisches Weimar) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site consisting of 11 sites located in and around the city of Weimar, Germany. The site was inscribed on 2 December 1998. The properties all bear testimony to the influence of Weimar as a cultural centre of the Enlightenment during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. A number of notable writers and philosophers lived in Weimar between 1772 and 1805, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried Herder, Friedrich Schiller, and Christoph Martin Wieland. These figures ushered in and participated in the Weimar Classicism movement, and the architecture of the sites across the city reflects the rapid cultural development of the Classical Weimar era.
Sobaek Mountains
The Sobaek Mountains (Korean: 소백산맥, literally mean little Taebaek Mountains) are a mountain range cutting across the southern Korean peninsula. They split off from the Taebaek Mountains and trend southwest across the center of the peninsula. They are traditionally considered to reach their southwestern limit at Jirisan, which, at an elevation of 1,915 meters, is also the highest peak of the range. Other famous mountains in the range include Songni Mountain, Joryeong Mountain, Gaya Mountain, Worak Mountain, and Sobaek Mountain itself. The peaks of the Sobaek Mountains are generally well over 1,000 m above sea level.

The Sobaek Mountains form the southern half of the Baekdu-daegan, the symbolic "spine" of Korea. They mark the traditional border between the Honam and Yeongnam regions.

Songnisan
Songnisan is a mountain and National Park in South Korea. It lies in the Sobaek mountains along the border between the North Gyeongsang and North Chungcheong Provinces. Its main attractions are the temple Beopjusa and an especially picturesque peak, Munjangdae (1,029 m). The mountain's highest peak is Cheonhwangbong, at 1,058.4 m (3,472 ft).

Literally 'Mountain Removed from Worldliness,' Songnisan is where the 7th-century Buddhist Beopjusa temple is still located.
Marzano, Pavia
Marzano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 km southeast of Milan and about 14 km northeast of Pavia.

Marzano borders the following municipalities: Ceranova, Lardirago, Roncaro, Torre d'Arese, Torrevecchia Pia, Valera Fratta, Vidigulfo and Vistarino.

Torrevecchia Pia
Torrevecchia Pia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km northeast of Pavia.

Torrevecchia Pia borders the following municipalities: Bascapè, Landriano, Marzano, Valera Fratta and Vidigulfo.