hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gregg County, Texas
Gregg County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 124,239. Its county seat is Longview. The county is named after John Gregg, a Confederate general killed in action during the American Civil War.

Gregg County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan area and the Longview–Marshall, Texas combined statistical area. Discovery of oil near Kilgore in October 1930 was the beginning of an oil boom that attracted workers to the county and expanded the population by more than 500% by 1940, according to the census. By that time, the economy had stabilized, but the East Texas Oil Field, extending into five counties, has continued to be important to the county and region's economy.

John Gregg (Texas politician)
John Gregg (September 28, 1828 – October 7, 1864) was an American politician who served as a deputy from Texas to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1862. He served as a brigade commander officer of the Confederate States Army and was killed in action during the Siege of Petersburg.
Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur
3°3′27.99″N 101°45′1.84″E﻿ / ﻿3.0577750°N 101.7505111°E﻿ / 3.0577750; 101.7505111

Brickfields is a neighbourhood (as well as an administrative zone) located on the western flank of central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is known as Kuala Lumpur's Little India due to the high percentage of Indian residents and businesses. Brickfields has been ranked third in Airbnb's list of top trending destinations.

Brickfields is notable for being home to KL Sentral, Kuala Lumpur's central public transportation hub.

Little India
Little India (also known as Indian Street, India Bazaar, or India Town) is an Indian or South Asian sociocultural environment outside India or the Indian subcontinent. It especially refers to an area with a significant concentration of South Asian residents and a diverse collection of Indian businesses. Frequently, Little Indias have Hindu temples, mosques, and gurdwaras. They may also host celebrations of national and religious festivals and serve as gathering places for South Asians. As such, they are microcosms of India. Little Indias are often tourist attractions and are frequented by fans of Indian cuisine, Indian culture, Indian clothing, Indian music, and Indian cinema.
Bergvliet
Bergvliet is a large, affluent, tree-lined residential suburb in the Southern Suburbs region of Cape Town, South Africa.

Bergvliet, which means "Mountain Streamlet" in Afrikaans, is located on former farmland, and comprises mostly large, detached homes.

Southern Suburbs, Cape Town
The Southern Suburbs are a group of predominantly affluent, 
Anglophone suburbs in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. The region is home to mainly detached homes, and features tree-lined streets and numerous public parks.

This group of neighborhoods includes, among others, Observatory, Mowbray, Pinelands, Rosebank, Rondebosch, Rondebosch East, Newlands, Claremont, Lansdowne, Kenilworth, Bishopscourt, Constantia, Wynberg, Ottery, Plumstead, Diep River, Meadowridge, Bergvliet, Tokai, Grassy Park, and Zeekoevlei.
Mesha
King Mesha (Moabite: 𐤌𐤔𐤏, vocalized as: Mōšáʿ; Hebrew: מֵישַׁע Mēšaʿ‍) was a king of Moab in the 9th century BC, known most famously for having the Mesha Stele inscribed and erected at Dibon, Jordan. In this inscription he calls himself "Mesha, son of Kemosh-[...], the king of Moab, the Dibonite."

Dhiban, Jordan
Dhiban (Arabic: ذيبان, romanized: Ḏībān) is a Jordanian town located in Madaba Governorate approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Amman and east of the Dead Sea.

Previously nomadic, the current community settled the town in the 1950s. Dhiban's current population is approximately 15,000, with many residents working in the army, government agencies, or engaged in seasonal agricultural production. Several young people study in nearby universities in al Karak, Madaba, and Amman. Most inhabitants practise Islam.
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Timor-Leste)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Portuguese: Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação, Tetum: Ministru Negósius Estranjeirus no Kooperasaun) is a senior member of the Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Timor-Leste)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (MFAC; Portuguese: Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação Timor-Leste, Tetum: Ministeriu Negosiu Estranjeiru no Kooperasaun) is the government department of Timor-Leste accountable for foreign affairs.
Tregan
Tregan is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Elbasan. The population at the 2011 census was 3,036. The municipal unit consists of the villages Blerimas, Bizhdan, Çikallesh, Gurisht, Kaçivel, Kyçyk, Muçan, Shinavlash, Shilbater, Trepsenisht, Tudan and Tregan. There is a small inhabitance called Cekrezi in this village, the name is Albanian for Circassians. Circassians would have inhabited this region after the Circassian genocide. Since then they are either fully assimilated into Albanians or have migrated else where.

Elbasan
Elbasan (/ˌɛlbəˈsɑːn/ EL-bə-SAHN, Albanian: [ɛlbaˈsan]; Albanian definite form: Elbasani, pronounced [ɛlbaˈsani]) is the fourth most populous city of Albania and seat of Elbasan County and Elbasan Municipality. It lies to the north of the river Shkumbin between the Skanderbeg Mountains and the Myzeqe Plain in central Albania.
Sporminore
Sporminore (Sporpìcol, Sporpìzol or Sporpìciol in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 695 and an area of 17.5 square kilometres (6.8 mi2).

Sporminore borders the following municipalities: Ton, Campodenno and Spormaggiore.

Ton, Trentino
Ton is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,228 and an area of 26.4 square kilometres (10.2 mi2).

Ton borders the following municipalities: Taio, Cortaccia sulla strada del vino, Vervò, Denno, Roverè della Luna, Campodenno, Mezzocorona, Sporminore, Spormaggiore and Mezzolombardo.

Ton is notable as the ancestral home of the Thun und Hohenstein family, with the first known progenitor being Manfreinus of Tunno in 1187. Castel Thun was a family seat from the 13th century until the late 20th century.
2011 Pittsburgh Pirates season
The 2011 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the franchise's 125th season as a member of the National League and 130th season overall. This was their 11th season at PNC Park. The season was the first with manager Clint Hurdle, who was hired to replace the fired John Russell. After going a major league worst 57–105, they enjoyed somewhat of a resurgence, winning more than 70 games for the first time since 2004 and being covered significantly in the summer due to being involved in the pennant race, but they still locked up their 19th consecutive losing season.

Clint Hurdle
Clinton Merrick Hurdle (born July 30, 1957) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and manager. Hurdle played for the Kansas City Royals, Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, and St. Louis Cardinals, and previously managed the  Rockies and the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Labeled a "phenom" by Sports Illustrated at age twenty, Hurdle played 515 games at the major league level. After retiring from playing baseball, Hurdle became a manager. His eight seasons with the Rockies included leading the 2007 club to the franchise's first National League (NL) pennant. On November 14, 2010, the Pirates hired him to be their manager. In 2013, Hurdle led them to their first winning season and playoff appearance since 1992. He was named the NL Manager of the Year that season.
Phonological history of Scots
This is a presentation of the phonological history of the Scots language.

Scots has its origins in Old English (OE) via early Northern Middle English; though loanwords from Old Norse and Romance sources are common, especially from ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and Middle French borrowings. Trade and immigration led to some borrowings from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch. Some vocabulary has also been borrowed from Scotland's other language, Scottish Gaelic.

Middle Scots
Middle Scots was the Anglic language of Lowland Scotland in the period from 1450 to 1700. By the end of the 15th century, its phonology, orthography, accidence, syntax and vocabulary had diverged markedly from Early Scots, which was virtually indistinguishable from early Northumbrian Middle English. Subsequently, the orthography of Middle Scots differed from that of the emerging Early Modern English standard that was being used in England. Middle Scots was fairly uniform throughout its many texts, albeit with some variation due to the use of Romance forms in translations from Latin or French, turns of phrases and grammar in recensions of southern texts influenced by southern forms, misunderstandings and mistakes made by foreign printers.
Quasitopos
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a quasitopos is a generalization of a topos. A topos has a subobject classifier classifying all subobjects, but in a quasitopos, only strong subobjects are classified. Quasitoposes are also required to be finitely cocomplete and locally cartesian closed. A solid quasitopos is one for which 0 is a strong subobject of 1.

Subobject classifier
In mathematics, especially in category theory, a subobject classifier is a special object Ω of a category such that, intuitively, the subobjects of any object X in the category correspond to the morphisms from X to Ω. In typical examples, that morphism assigns "true" to the elements of the subobject and "false" to the other elements of X. Therefore, a subobject classifier is also known as a "truth value object" and the concept is widely used in the categorical description of logic. Note however that subobject classifiers are often much more complicated than the simple binary logic truth values {true, false}.
Plateau–Rayleigh instability
In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet. It is related to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and is part of a greater branch of fluid dynamics concerned with fluid thread breakup.   This fluid instability is exploited in the design of a particular type of ink jet technology whereby a jet of liquid is perturbed into a steady stream of droplets.

The driving force of the Plateau–Rayleigh instability is that liquids, by virtue of their surface tensions, tend to minimize their surface area.  A considerable amount of work has been done recently on the final pinching profile by attacking it with self-similar solutions.

Fluid thread breakup
Fluid thread breakup is the process by which a single mass of fluid breaks into several smaller fluid masses. The process is characterized by the elongation of the fluid mass forming thin, thread-like regions between larger nodules of fluid. The thread-like regions continue to thin until they break, forming individual droplets of fluid.

Thread breakup occurs where two fluids or a fluid in a vacuum form a free surface with surface energy. If more surface area is present than the minimum required to contain the volume of fluid, the system has an excess of surface energy. A system not at the minimum energy state will attempt to rearrange so as to move toward the lower energy state, leading to the breakup of the fluid into smaller masses to minimize the system surface energy by reducing the surface area. The exact outcome of the thread breakup process is dependent on the surface tension, viscosity, density, and diameter of the thread undergoing breakup.
Barik card
Barik (Biscayan Basque: [ˈba.ɾik], "[contact]less") is a rechargeable contactless smart card, electronic money used for public transport in Biscay (Spain).

It was launched on 2012 as successor of Creditrans travel card. It is available as a credit-card-sized card.

Artxanda Funicular
The Artxanda Funicular (Basque: Artxandako funikularra; Spanish: Funicular de Artxanda) is a funicular railway in the city of Bilbao in Spain's Basque Country. It links downtown Bilbao with the recreational area at the summit of the nearby Artxanda Mountain, which has a park, several restaurants, a hotel, a sports complex, and offers panoramic views of the city.
Saddle Brook High School
Saddle Brook High School is a six-year comprehensive community public high school that serves students in seventh through twelfth grades from Saddle Brook, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Saddle Brook Public Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 804 students and 65.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.2:1. There were 161 students (20.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 28 (3.5% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Saddle Brook Public Schools
The Saddle Brook Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Saddle Brook, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 1,848 students and 149.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.3:1.

The district's schools are accredited by the New Jersey Department of Education.
Tarqiup Inua
In Inuit mythology, Tarqiup Inua ("Master of the Moon") is a lunar deity.

Names include:

the general word for moon, Tatqeq (Netsilik) and Tarqeq (Iglulik), or Tarqiup inua to specify the spirit

Aningaa, Aningaaq, or Aningait (Netsilik) and Aningaat (Iglulik) or Aningaap inua again specifying the spirit

The later names are associated with Sun and Moon (Inuit myth).

Sun and Moon (Inuit myth)
The Sun and Moon is an unipkaaqtuat, a story in Inuit folklore. The traditional explanation for the movement of the Sun and Moon through the sky is that a brother and sister are constantly chasing each other across the sky. The story also explains the moon's dappled gray appearance as soot smeared on his face.
For-profit higher education in the United States
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions, and more recently with online program managers, but commercialization has been part of US higher education for centuries. Privatization of public institutions has been increasing since at least the 1980s.

Guild Education
Guild, formerly known as Guild Education, is a private company headquartered in Denver, Colorado that is employed by Fortune 1000 companies to manage their education assistance benefits. Guild facilitates direct payment for courses to education provider clients and offers marketing services.
Carmel Academy
Carmel Academy (formerly the Westchester Fairfield Hebrew Academy, WFHA) was a Jewish private school in Greenwich, Connecticut, serving grades Kindergarten through 8. Also including transitional Kindergarten  The school originally was located in Port Chester, New York.

In 2020, Carmel Academy announced its plans to close at the end of the school year.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
Symphony No. 3 (Bruckner)
Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 3 in D minor, WAB 103, was dedicated to Richard Wagner and is sometimes known as his "Wagner Symphony". It was written in 1873, revised in 1877 and again in 1889.

The work has been characterised as "difficult", and is regarded by some as Bruckner's artistic breakthrough. According to Rudolf Kloiber, the third symphony "opens the sequence of Bruckner's masterpieces, in which his creativity meets monumental ability of symphonic construction." The work is notorious as the most-revised of Bruckner's symphonies, and there exist no fewer than six versions, with three of them being widely performed today.

William Carragan
William Carragan (July 18, 1937 – June 9, 2024) was an American musicologist particularly known for his research into the music of Anton Bruckner. He spent many years producing a completion of Bruckner's Ninth Symphony.
TT187
Tomb TT187, located in the necropolis of El-Khokha in Thebes, Egypt, is the tomb of a wab-priest of Amun named Pakhihet.

Pakhihet was the son of Ashaket (TT174), who was a priest in front of Mut, and Tadjabu. His wife's name was Mutemonet. The scenes in the tomb show Pakhihet and two sons on a lintel in the hall, and elsewhere with his wife Mutemonet and a daughter.

El-Khokha
The necropolis of El-Khokha (Arabic: الخوخه) is located on the west bank of the river Nile at Thebes, Egypt. The necropolis is surrounds a hill and has five Old Kingdom tombs and over 50 tombs from the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties as well as some from the First Intermediate Period and the Late Period.
Kwai Shing
Kwai Shing (葵盛) is an area on the hill between Kwai Fong and Tai Wo Hau in the Kwai Chung area of Hong Kong. The area is named after the two major public housing estates on the hill, Kwai Shing East Estate and Kwai Shing West Estate, accommodating the influx of immigrants after World War II.

The area hosts some major facilities in Kwai Chung, like Kwai Shing Swimming Pool, South Kwai Chung Jockey Club Polyclinic and Kwai Shing Wet market. It is surrounded by many primary and secondary schools. For example, Sheng Kung Hui Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School, Buddhist Sin Tak College, Daughter of Mary Help of Christians Siu Ming Catholic Secondary School and so on.

There are some public transport stations in Kwai Shing community which makes the place quite convenient. The nearest MTR station is Kwai Hing station and it requires 15 minutes to walk down there.

Kwai Shing West Estate
Kwai Shing West Estate (Chinese: 葵盛西邨) is a public housing estate in Kwai Shing, Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong located at the east of Kwai Shing East Estate. It consists of ten residential blocks completed between 1975 and 1977.
Ginger ale
Ginger ale is a carbonated soft drink (not an ale) flavoured with ginger. It is consumed on its own or used as a mixer, often with spirit-based drinks. There are two main types of ginger ale. The golden style is credited to the Irish doctor Thomas Joseph Cantrell. The dry style (also called the pale style), a paler drink with a much milder ginger flavour, was created by Canadian John McLaughlin.

Red Rock (drink)
Red Rock is a brand of golden ginger ale, diet golden ginger ale, premium cola, premium root beer, premium grape, premium orange and premium peach. The Red Rock Company was among the oldest producers of carbonated beverages in the United States.
Cumulus oophorus
The cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle, it may be regarded as an extension of the membrana granulosa. The innermost layer of these cells is the corona radiata.

This layer of cells must be penetrated by spermatozoa for fertilization to occur.

Membrana granulosa
The larger ovarian follicles consist of an external fibrovascular coat, connected with the surrounding stroma of the ovary by a network of blood vessels, and an internal coat, which consists of several layers of nucleated cells, called the membrana granulosa. It contains numerous granulosa cells.

At one part of the mature follicle the cells of the membrana granulosa are collected into a mass which projects into the cavity of the follicle. This is termed the discus proligerus.
Cappella de' Picenardi
Cappella de' Picenardi (Cremunés: La Capéla) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Cremona.

One of the main churches is that of San Pancrazio Martire.

Cappella de' Picenardi borders the following municipalities: Ca' d'Andrea, Cicognolo, Derovere, Pescarolo ed Uniti, Pessina Cremonese, Pieve San Giacomo, Torre de' Picenardi.

Pieve San Giacomo
Pieve San Giacomo (Cremunés: Piéef San Giàcum) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona, Lombardy, Italy. It is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Cremona.

Pieve San Giacomo borders the following municipalities: Cappella de' Picenardi, Cella Dati, Cicognolo, Derovere, Sospiro, Vescovato.
Melville Millionaires
The Melville Millionaires are a Canadian junior "A" ice hockey based in Melville, Saskatchewan.  They are members of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL).  They play their home games in the CN Community Centre which has a seating capacity of 2,100. The Melville Millionaires and the Yorkton Terriers are archrivals. The team colours are blue and white. Games are broadcast on radio station CJGX AM 940. The Millionaires also fielded a senior hockey team in the 1910s, which won the 1915 Allan Cup.

Weyburn Red Wings
The Weyburn Red Wings are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Weyburn, Saskatchewan playing in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL). They play their home games at the Crescent Point Place, which has a seating capacity of 1,750.   The team colours are red and white. Radio station CHWY-FM K106 broadcasts all Red Wings road games, and select home games. All home games are webcast on HockeyTV.
GNU Core Utilities
The GNU Core Utilities or coreutils is a collection of GNU software that implements many standard, Unix-based shell commands. The utilities generally provide POSIX compliant interface when the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable is set, but otherwise offers a superset to the standard interface. For example, the utilities support long options and options after parameters. This environment variable enables a different functionality in BSD.

Similar collections are available in the FOSS ecosystem, with a slightly different scope and focus (less functionality), or license. For example, BusyBox which is licensed under GPL-2.0-only, and Toybox which is licensed under 0BSD.

Test (Unix)
test is a command-line utility found in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems that evaluates conditional expressions. test was turned into a shell builtin command in 1981 with UNIX System III and at the same time made available under the alternate name [.