hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shintarō Asanuma
Shintarō Asanuma (浅沼 晋太郎, Asanuma Shintarō; born January 5, 1976) is a Japanese screenwriter, director, actor, voice actor, copywriter and designer. He was affiliated with Office Osawa and currently attached under DANDELION.

Phi Brain: Puzzle of God
Phi Brain: Puzzle of God (ファイ・ブレイン 神のパズル, Fai Burein Kami no Pazuru) is a 2011 Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise. The first two series aired on NHK Educational TV between October 2011 and September 2012, with a third season airing as of October 2013. The series is directed by Junichi Sato with script supervision by Mayori Sekijima. Hajime Yatate, the collective pen name for the creative staff at Sunrise, is credited with the original story. The anime has been licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks. A manga adaptation by Haruo Ueno was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Weekly Shonen Magazine magazine from November 2011 to December 2011. A PlayStation Portable video game by Arc System Works was released on May 31, 2012.
Jabidah massacre
The Jabidah massacre on March 18, 1968, was the assassinations or executions of Moro army recruits who allegedly mutinied upon learning the true nature of their mission. It is acknowledged as a major flashpoint that ignited the Moro conflict.

Author Cesar Adib Majul notes that the administration of Ferdinand Marcos had suppressed press coverage of the affair which led to a lack of documentation about the incident and varying accounts of the number of trainees killed, from 11 to 68. This eventually sparked calls for Moro independence and is acknowledged by the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) as a key moment in Bangsamoro history.

In 2013, Philippine president Benigno Aquino III, recognized that the massacre had taken place and acknowledged that it had "opened deep wounds" with Muslim Filipinos.

North Borneo dispute
The North Borneo dispute, also known as the Sabah dispute, is the territorial dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah. Sabah was previously known as British North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation.

The Philippines, presenting itself as the successor state of the Sultanate of Sulu, retains a "dormant claim" on Eastern Sabah on the basis that the territory was only leased to the British North Borneo Company in 1878, and the sovereignty of the sultanate (and subsequently the republic) over the territory was never relinquished. However, Malaysia considers this dispute a "non-issue", as it interprets the 1878 agreement as that of cession, and it deems that the residents of Sabah (including Eastern Sabah)  exercised their right to self-determination when they joined to form the Malaysian federation in 1963.
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim (also known as the Rabbinical Seminary of America) is an Orthodox yeshiva based in Kew Gardens Hills, Queens, New York, United States. It is primarily an American, non-chasidic Haredi Talmudic yeshiva. The yeshiva is legally titled Rabbinical Seminary of America (RSA) but is often referred to as just Chofetz Chaim as that was the nickname of its namesake, Yisroel Meir Kagan. It has affiliate branches in Israel and North America.

Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Slabodka)
Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Hebrew: נתן צבי פינקל, Sephardic/Israeli: Natan Tzvi; Yiddish: נָטע הערש, romanized: Nota Hirsch; 1849–1927) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish leader of Orthodox Judaism in Eastern Europe and founder of the Slabodka yeshiva, in the town of Sloboda Vilyampolskaya (now Vilijampolė, a suburb of Kaunas). He is also known by the Yiddish appellation der Alter ("the Elder") and as the Alter of Slabodka. Many of his pupils were to become major leaders of Orthodox Judaism in the USA and Israel.
Forno di Zoldo
Forno di Zoldo was a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Belluno. It has been a frazione of Val di Zoldo since 2016. On 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,784 and an area of 79.9 square kilometres (30.8 sq mi).

Val di Zoldo
Val di Zoldo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto.

It was established on 23 February 2016 by the merger of the municipalities of Forno di Zoldo and Zoldo Alto.
Methylene blue
Methylthioninium chloride, commonly called methylene blue, is a salt used as a dye and as a medication. As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia. It has previously been used for treating cyanide poisoning and urinary tract infections, but this use is no longer recommended.  It has also been used to treat cases of malaria for over a century.

Methylene blue is typically given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and vomiting.

Methylene blue was first prepared in 1876, by Heinrich Caro. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

In recent years, methylene blue has been promoted for various health effects, but outside its established medical use, its safety and effectiveness are unproven; it is potentially toxic and should only be used under a doctor's prescription.

Matilda Moldenhauer Brooks
Matilda Moldenhauer Brooks (1888–1981) was a cellular biologist best known for her 1932 discovery that the staining compound methylene blue is an antidote to carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning.  She held a PhD in zoology and spent her professional career working as a researcher at the United States Public Health Service and the University of California, Berkeley.
Ricardo Zamora
Ricardo Zamora Martínez (Spanish pronunciation: [riˈkaɾðo θaˈmoɾa maɾˈtineθ]; 21 January 1901  – 8 September 1978) was a Spanish football player and manager. He played as a goalkeeper for, among others, RCD Espanyol, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid. As an international he played for Spain. As a manager, he won two La Liga titles with Atlético Madrid (then Atlético Aviación) and briefly managed Spain.

Catalan football championship
The Catalan football championship (Campionat de Catalunya) was a football competition in Catalonia and the first football league in Spain before La Liga was established in 1929.

In December 1900, Alfons Macaya, the president of Hispania AC, offered a trophy (the Copa Macaya) to be contested by several football teams from Spain. The league was played between 1901 and 1940 and was cancelled in Francoist Spain after the Spanish Civil War.
Harde & Short
Harde & Short was a New York City-based Beaux-Arts architectural firm in the first decade of 20th century. The firm was a partnership between Richard Thomas Short (born circa 1870) and Herbert Spencer Harde (born circa 1873 as Herbert Spencer Steinhardt). Harde & Short was recorded as having formed by 1901 and worked on various small commissions for two years. The firm designed several buildings in Manhattan, including the Red House. Harde & Short is known for their intricacy of design as shown in the facades of Alwyn Court, 44 West 77th Street, 45 East 66th Street, and the Red House. The firm split up shortly after the Alwyn Court's completion in 1909.

Red House (Manhattan)
The Red House is a 1903 apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It was built on land owned by Canadian architect R. Thomas Short of the Beaux-Arts firm, Harde & Short. He and his firm designed and built the building in a free eclectic mix of French late Gothic and English Renaissance motifs, using red brick and limestone with bold black-painted mullions in the fenestration. The salamander badge of Henri II  appears high on the flanking wings and in the portico frieze. The center is recessed, behind a triple-arched screen.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1983.
Bermondsey Abbey
Bermondsey Abbey was an English Benedictine monastery. Although generally regarded as having been founded in the 11th century, it had a precursor mentioned in the early 8th century. It was centred on what is now Bermondsey Square, the site of Bermondsey Market, Bermondsey, in the London Borough of Southwark, southeast London, England.

Matthew Baker (governor)
Matthew Baker (? - May 1513, Bermondsey Abbey)  was a courtier to Henry Tudor (both before and during his reign as Henry VII of England) and his son Henry VIII of England.

He was one of four Esquires For The Bodie and a companion of Henry Tudor during the future king's Breton and French exiles from 1471 until 1485; and he was Governor of Jersey from 1486 to 1494. He was initially appointed by letters patent (CPR Feb., 1 Hen VII) as joint-governor with another Esquire For The Bodie, David Philippe, on 28 February 1486 by Henry VII of England. He then became sole governor in 1488. His last day in the office before being recalled to England by King Henry VII for other duties was 3 September 1494.
Buli Rural District
Buli Rural District (Persian: دهستان بولی) is in Buli District of Chavar County, Ilam province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Chaman-e Seyyed Mohammad. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ganjevan.

Chaman-e Seyyed Mohammad
Chaman-e Seyyed Mohammad (Persian: چمن سيدمحمد) is a village in, and the capital of, Buli Rural District of Buli District, Chavar County, Ilam province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Ganjevan.
Desirable Daughters
Desirable Daughters (2002)  is the first in a trilogy of novels by Bharati Mukherjee which includes The Tree Bride (2004), followed by Miss New India (2011). The book was originally  published by Hyperion / Theia.

Miss New India
Miss New India is Bharati Mukherjee's eighth novel. 
It was published in 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Miss New India is "the third part of a trilogy that began with Desirable Daughters (2002) and The Tree Bride (2004)."
Metered-dose inhaler
A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation. It is the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases. The medication in a metered dose inhaler is most commonly a bronchodilator, corticosteroid or a combination of both for treating asthma and COPD. Other medications less commonly used but also administered by MDI are mast cell stabilizers, such as cromoglicate or nedocromil.

Chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F). They are produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

The most common example of a CFC is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12, also commonly called Freon, is used as a refrigerant. Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf.
Epona
In Gallo-Roman religion,  Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain, and the presence of foals in some sculptures. She and her horses might also have been leaders of the soul in the after-life ride, with later literary parallels in Rhiannon of the Mabinogion. The worship of Epona, "the sole Celtic divinity ultimately worshipped in Rome itself", as the patroness of cavalry, was widespread in the Roman Empire between the first and third centuries AD; this is unusual for a Celtic deity, most of whom were associated with specific localities.

Horse sacrifice
Horse sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of a horse, usually as part of a religious or cultural ritual. Horse sacrifices were common throughout Eurasia with the domestication of the horse and continuing up until the spread of Abrahamic religions, or in some places like Mongolia. The practice is rarely observed in some cultures even today.

Many ethnic religions from Indo-European speaking peoples show evidence for horse sacrifice, and comparative mythology suggests that they derive from a purported Proto-Indo-European ritual and common root, though the practice is also observed among non-Indo-European speaking peoples, especially in nomadic societies from the Eurasian steppe.
Transaction-Safe FAT File System
Transaction-Safe FAT File System (TFAT) and Transaction-Safe Extended FAT File System (TexFAT) refer to two file systems used in Microsoft products to provide transaction-safety for data stored on a disk. The goal is to reduce the risk of data loss in cases of power loss or unexpected removal of the drive. The latter problem has become more common with the spread of USB drives.

File Allocation Table
File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed for personal computers and was the default file system for the DOS and Windows 9x operating systems. Originally developed in 1977 for use on floppy disks, it was adapted for use on hard disks and other devices. The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT.

FAT was replaced with NTFS as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows XP. Nevertheless, FAT continues to be commonly used on relatively small capacity solid-state storage technologies such as USB flash drives, SD cards, MultiMediaCards (MMC) and eMMC because of its compatibility across operating systems and embedded systems, and ease of implementation.
Wishbone (TV series)
Wishbone is an American live-action children's television series that aired from 1995 to 1997 and originally broadcast on PBS. It is about a Jack Russell Terrier dog named Wishbone who daydreams about being the lead character of stories from classic literature.

The show was produced by Big Feats! Entertainment, a division of Lyrick Studios, which also produced Barney & Friends for PBS. Unlike Barney, Wishbone was targeted towards an older demographic ages 6 to 11. The adapted stories were notable for staying faithful to the source material, and not toning down their subject matter like murder, execution, suicide, and the effects of slavery.

Though the series was meant for children, thousands of letters were received from college students and parents saying how much they enjoyed the show.

Lyrick Studios
Lyrick Studios was an American video production and distribution company based in Allen, Texas, best known for their flagship property Barney & Friends.

The company was known for producing and distributing television shows, home videos, audio products and children's books and toys. On February 9, 2001, the company was acquired by British entertainment company HIT Entertainment. HIT later folded the studio in June of that year following the completion of the acquisition.
Meghri
Meghri (Armenian: Մեղրի [mɛʁˈɾi]; Persian: مغری) is a town and the centre of the Meghri Municipality of the Syunik Province in southern Armenia, near the border with Iran. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town was 4,580. According to the 2020 official estimate, Meghri's population is around 4,500. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town was 4,159. Meghri is located 376 km south of the capital Yerevan and 73 km south of the provincial capital Kapan.

As a result of the community mergers in 2016, the municipality of Meghri was enlarged to include the surrounding villages of Agarak, Alvank, Aygedzor, Gudemnis, Karchevan, Kuris, Lehvaz, Lichk, Nrnadzor, Shvanidzor, Tashtun, Tkhkut, Vahravar, and Vardanidzor.

Meghri Municipality
Meghri Municipality, referred to as Meghri Community (Armenian: Մեղրի Համայնք Meghri Hamaynk), is an urban community and administrative subdivision of Syunik Province of Armenia, at the south of the country bordering Iran. Consisted of a group of settlements, its administrative centre is the town of Meghri.
Timeline of jazz education
Timeline of jazz education (a chronology of jazz pedagogy):  The initial jazz education movement in North American was much an outgrowth of the music education movement that had been in full swing since the 1920s. Chuck Suber (né Charles Harry Suber; 1921–2015), former editor of Down Beat, averred that the GI Bill following World War II was a key impetus for the jazz education movement in higher education.  During the WWII, the U.S. Armed Forces had been the nation's largest employer of musicians – including women musicians.  After the War, many of those musicians sought to pursue music as a career, and, with assistance of the GI Bill, found colleges offering curricular jazz.  Suber also pointed out that the rise of stage bands in schools was directly proportionate to the decline of big name bands.

Jazz education
Each style and era of jazz adopted new techniques to help educate younger musicians.  Early forms of jazz education were more informal.  Since the first degree program was founded in 1947, the rise of institutionalized jazz education, resulted in jazz education becoming more formalized and more structured. Formalized jazz education has brought a new wave of interest in jazz.  JazzTimes.com currently lists 492 collegiate jazz programs globally.  This database is exclusive to just schools that offer majors and does not include the number of schools that also offer jazz courses in their curriculum.  The formalization of jazz was and still is a controversial subject.  Many professional musicians believe that it has harmed the spirit of the music, while others maintain that it has been beneficial for the art form.
Yeovil
Yeovil (/ˈjoʊvɪl/) is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. It is close to Somerset's southern border with Dorset, 126 miles (203 km) west of London, 42 miles (68 km) south of Bristol, 6 miles (10 km) west of Sherborne and 28 miles (45 km) east of Taunton. The population of the built-up area – which includes the outlying areas of the town in the parishes of West Coker, Brympton and Yeovil Without – was 50,176 at the 2021 census.

The aircraft and defence industries which developed in the 20th century made it a target for bombing in the Second World War; they are still major employers. Yeovil Country Park, which includes Ninesprings, is one of several open spaces with educational, cultural and sporting facilities. Religious sites include the 14th-century Church of St John the Baptist. The town is on the A30 and A37 roads and has two railway stations.

RNAS Yeovilton
Royal Naval Air Station Yeovilton, commonly referred to as RNAS Yeovilton, (IATA: YEO, ICAO: EGDY) (HMS Heron) is an airbase of the Royal Navy, sited a few miles north of Yeovil, in the English county of Somerset.  It is one of two active Fleet Air Arm bases, the other being RNAS Culdrose.  RNAS Yeovilton is currently home to the Royal Navy Wildcat HMA2, along with Army Air Corps Wildcat AH1 helicopters, as well as the Royal Navy's Commando Helicopter Force Merlin HCi3/4/4A and Wildcat AH1 helicopters.

The site consists of 1,000 acres (1.6 square miles; 4.0 square kilometres) of airfield sites, plus ranges and minor estates.  Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) Yeovilton is a large multi-role air station, with an annual budget of some £61 million.  The airfield is also home to the Fleet Air Arm Museum, and until 2019 the station hosted an annual Air Day in July.
Alex
Alex, Alec or Aleks is a unisex name, employed either as a hypocoristic or a standalone given name, derived from the Greek element ἀλέξειν (aléxein), meaning "to defend" or "to protect." Universally recognized as a diminutive for Alexander and Alexandra, Alex has, in contemporary usage, established itself as an independent given name for both males and females. Additionally, it is associated with Alexis.

Alexandra
Alexandra (Ancient Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρα) is a female given name of Greek origin. It is the first attested form of its variants, including Alexander (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος, Aléxandros). Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb ἀλέξειν (alexein; meaning 'to defend') and ἀνήρ (anēr; GEN ἀνδρός, andros; meaning 'man'). Thus it may be roughly translated as "defender of man" or "protector of man". The name Alexandra was one of the epithets given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean "one who comes to save warriors". The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀩𐀏𐀭𐀅𐀨 (a-re-ka-sa-da-ra or /aleksandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alexandra and its masculine equivalent, Alexander, are both common names in Greece as well as countries where Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages are spoken.
Weybourne, Norfolk
Weybourne is a village on the coast of North Norfolk, England. The village is surrounded by arable fields, woodland and heathland; it straddles the A149 coast road, 3 miles (5 km) west of Sheringham, within the Norfolk Coast AONB. The area is popular for its local countryside and coastline, particularly for walking, wildlife and bird-watching.

In local dialect, Weybourne may be pronounced "Webburn" or "Webbun". The second element of the name refers to a stream, or burn.

North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Cromer, and the largest town is North Walsham. The district also includes the towns of Fakenham, Holt, Sheringham, Stalham and Wells-next-the-Sea, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district lies on the north coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea, with much of its coastline lying within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some south-eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads. The neighbouring districts are Great Yarmouth, Breckland, Broadland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
No. 84 Squadron RAF
No. 84 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is at present a Search and Rescue Squadron based at RAF Akrotiri. The squadron transitioned from the previously operated Bell Griffin HAR.2 to operate the Puma HC.2 in 2023, until the Puma's retirement in 2025.

Although originally formed at Beaulieu in 1917 as part of the RFC, it was already in France when the RAF came into being, and as of 2024, 84 Squadron is the only remaining RAF squadron that spent its entire service history abroad. It is currently one of the two operational parts of the RAF Search and Rescue Force left in service (the other being the RAF Mountain Rescue Service) after the stand-down of the UK effort on 5 October 2015.

RAF Habbaniya
Royal Air Force Habbaniya, more commonly known as RAF Habbaniya (Arabic: قاعدة الحبانية الجوية) (originally RAF Dhibban) was a Royal Air Force station at Habbaniyah, about 55 miles (89 km) west of Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, on the banks of the Euphrates near Lake Habbaniyah. It was developed from 1934, and was operational from October 1936 until 31 May 1959 when the RAF finally withdrew after the July 1958 Revolution made the British military presence no longer welcome. It was the scene of fierce fighting in May 1941 when it was besieged by the Iraqi Military following the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état.

It is currently a major Iraqi military airbase.
Ramona Falls (band)
Ramona Falls is an indie rock project founded by Brent Knopf and based in Portland, Oregon. The band name is taken from a waterfall located near Mount Hood, a place where Knopf used to hike as a child. Brent Knopf co-founded Menomena before departing in 2011, and is also one-half of EL VY, a collaboration with The National's Matt Berninger.

Dear Reader (band)
Dear Reader is an alternative/pop band from Johannesburg, South Africa. The band was founded in 2008 by singer-songwriter Cherilyn MacNeil and producer/bass player, Darryl Torr. Dear Reader is now the solo project of Cherilyn MacNeil and is based in Berlin, Germany.