hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michael B. Bracken
Michael B. Bracken (born September 24, 1942) is an American perinatal epidemiologist. He is the Susan Dwight Bliss Professor of Epidemiology at the Yale School of Public Health, and Professor of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Professor of Neurology at the Yale School of Medicine. He is co-director of the Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology.

Bracken has authored some 400 articles, correspondence and book chapters, and 3 books concentrating on the perinatal discipline, obstetrics and gynecology, neonatology, neurology, and evidence-based medicine. His publications focus on various topics from smoking, alcohol, nutrition, and caffeine to preterm and low birth weight newborns, electromagnetic fields, birth defects, and asthma.
He is the former head of chronic disease epidemiology and former vice chairman (deputy dean) of the Yale School of Public Health where he has studied, taught, and conducted research since 1968.

Yale School of Public Health
The Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) is a fully independent professional school of public health within Yale University. It was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and is one of the oldest academic public health programs in the United States.
USS Albacore (SS-218)
USS Albacore (SS-218) was a Gato-class submarine which served in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II, winning the Presidential Unit Citation and nine battle stars for her service. During the war, she was credited with sinking 13 Japanese ships (including two destroyers, the light cruiser Tenryū and the aircraft carrier Taihō) and damaging another five; not all of these credits were confirmed by postwar Joint Army–Navy Assessment Committee (JANAC) accounting. She also holds the distinction of sinking the highest warship tonnage of any U.S. submarine. She was lost in 1944, probably sunk by a mine on November 7th, near the Tsugaru Strait between the Japanese main islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō.

Albacore was the second vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the albacore.

Gato-class submarine
The Gato class of submarines were built for the United States Navy and launched in 1941–1943. Named after the lead vessel of the class, USS Gato, they were the first mass-produced U.S. submarine class of World War II.

The Gatos, along with the closely related Balao and Tench classes that followed, accounted for most of the Navy's World War II submarines; they destroyed much of the Japanese merchant marine and a large portion of the Imperial Japanese Navy. In some references, the Gatos are combined with their successors, especially the Balao class.

Gato's name comes from a species of small catshark. Like most other U.S. Navy submarines of the period, boats of the Gato class were given the names of aquatic creatures.
Francis Preston
Francis Preston (August 2, 1765 – May 26, 1835) was an American lawyer and politician from Abingdon, Virginia. He was the son of Col. William Preston of Virginia, served in both houses of the state legislature, and represented Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1793 to 1797. Preston had a house built in Abingdon, now called the Martha Washington Inn. In 1795, while residing at Saltville, he constructed the Preston House.

Preston was the father of Isaac Trimble Preston, William Campbell Preston, and John S. Preston and the uncle of William Ballard and William Preston. His daughter Sarah (Sally) Buchanan Preston (1802–1879) married her cousin Virginia Governor John B. Floyd.

John B. Floyd
John Buchanan Floyd (June 1, 1806 – August 26, 1863) was an American politician who served as the 31st Governor of Virginia. Under president James Buchanan, he also served as the U.S. Secretary of War from 1857 to 1860. Floyd is also known as the Confederate general in the American Civil War who lost the crucial Battle of Fort Donelson.
Rhins of Galloway
The Rhins (or Rhinns) of Galloway is a double-headed peninsula in southwestern Scotland. It takes the form of a hammerhead projecting into the Irish Sea, terminating in the north at Corsewall and Milleur Points and in the south at the Mull of Galloway (the southernmost point of Scotland). It is connected to the rest of Wigtownshire by an isthmus, washed on the north by Loch Ryan and on the south by Luce Bay. From end to end, the peninsula measures 28 miles (45 kilometres). It takes its name from the Gaelic word rinn, meaning "point".

The principal settlements are Stranraer at the head of Loch Ryan and the small tourist village of Portpatrick on the west coast. Other villages are dotted up and down the peninsula, including Kirkcolm, Leswalt, Lochans, and, in the South Rhins, Stoneykirk, Sandhead, Ardwell, and Drummore.

Stranraer
Stranraer (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Sròn Reamhar [ən̪ˠˌt̪ʰɾɔːn ˈɾãũ.əɾ]), also known as The Toon or The Cleyhole, is a town in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on Loch Ryan and the northern side of the isthmus joining the Rhins of Galloway to the mainland. Stranraer is Dumfries and Galloway's second-largest town, with a population of 10,593.

Stranraer is the administrative centre for the Wigtownshire area of Dumfries and Galloway. It was formerly a ferry port, connecting Scotland with Belfast and Larne in Northern Ireland; the service was transferred to nearby Cairnryan in 2011. It lies 87 miles (140 km) south-west of Glasgow, 52 miles (84 km) south-west of Ayr and 72 miles (116 km) west of Dumfries.

The town's English name comes from its Scottish Gaelic counterpart An t-Sròn Reamhar, meaning "the broad headland" or "the fat nose".
Chatbot psychosis
Chatbot psychosis, also called AI psychosis, is a phenomenon wherein individuals reportedly develop or experience worsening psychosis, such as paranoia and delusions, in connection with their use of chatbots. The term was first suggested in a 2023 editorial by Danish psychiatrist Søren Dinesen Østergaard. It is not a recognized clinical diagnosis.

Journalistic accounts describe individuals who have developed strong beliefs that chatbots are sentient, are channeling spirits, or are revealing conspiracies, sometimes leading to personal crises or criminal acts. Proposed causes include the tendency of chatbots to provide inaccurate information ("hallucinate") and to affirm or validate users' beliefs, or their ability to mimic an intimacy that users do not experience with other humans.

Søren Dinesen Østergaard
Søren Dinesen Østergaard (born 1980) is a full professor at Aarhus University. He leads the research unit at the Department of Affective Disorders at Aarhus University Hospital.

Østergaard's main research focus is on using psychometrics and artificial intelligence to develop, validate and implement clinical tools to improve the treatment of severe mental disorders. He is also known for being the first to suggest the idea of that AI chatbots might lead vulnerable people to develop psychosis, often referred to as AI psychosis. In 2020 he won the Young Investigator Prize from the Lundberg foundation for his research on developing new tools for measuring the severity of psychiatric diseases.
Gohine Shobdo
Gohine Shobdo (Bengali: গহীনে শব্দ) is a 2010 Bangladeshi drama film directed by Khalid Mahmood Mithu. Set during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, the film focuses on a love couple and beggars and stars Mamnun Hasan Emon, Kusum Sikder, Masum Aziz, and Abul Hayat. It was released on 26 March 2010 by Impress Telefilm and won the Best Feature Film at the Third World Independent Film Festival in the United States.

Kusum Sikder
Kushum Sikder is a Bangladeshi television and film actress, singer and model, writer and poet. She was born on the 12th of April, 1981, marking the beginning of a journey that would shape her into the person she is today. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress in a leading role in the film Shankhachil (2016).
Herwig Wolfram
Herwig Wolfram (born 14 February 1934) is an Austrian historian who is Professor Emeritus of Medieval History and Auxiliary Sciences of History at the University of Vienna and the former Director of the Institute of Austrian Historical Research. He is a leading member of the Vienna School of History, and internationally known for his authoritative works on the history of Austria, the Goths, and relationships between the Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire.

Vienna School of History
The Vienna School of History is an influential school of historical thinking based at the University of Vienna. It is closely associated with Reinhard Wenskus, Herwig Wolfram and Walter Pohl. Partly drawing upon ideas from sociology and critical theory, scholars of the Vienna School have utilized the concept of ethnogenesis to reassess the notion of ethnicity as it applies to historical groups of peoples such as the Germanic tribes. Focusing on Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, the Vienna School has a large publishing output, and has had a major influence on the modern analysis of barbarian identity.
Lake Der-Chantecoq
Lake Der-Chantecoq (French: Lac du Der-Chantecoq, pronounced [lak dy dɛʁ ʃɑ̃tkɔk]) is situated close to the commune of Saint-Dizier in the departments of Marne and Haute-Marne. It is the largest artificial lake in France, covering 48 km2 (19 sq mi) with 350 million m³ of water. The lake is named after the Der plain, in which it is located, and the submerged village Chantecoq.

The lake is fed by a 12 km long canal that branches off the river Marne in Saint-Dizier. The outflow of the lake is a canal that joins the Marne in Arrigny, 20 km downstream of Saint-Dizier. The lake is located in the communes (clockwise starting from the north) Sainte-Marie-du-Lac-Nuisement, Éclaron-Braucourt-Sainte-Livière, Giffaumont-Champaubert, Arrigny, Larzicourt and Écollemont.

Saint-Dizier
Saint-Dizier (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.di.zje]) is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.

It has a population of 23,382 (2018 figure) and is a subprefecture of the department. Although Saint-Dizier is marginally the most populous commune in Haute-Marne, the préfecture (capital) resides in the somewhat smaller commune of Chaumont.
Nawal Kishor Sah
Nawal Kishor Sah Sudi (Nepali: नवल किशोर साह सुडी) is a Nepalese politician who currently serves as the Minister for Women, Children, and Senior Citizens in Nepal. He is a member of the Janata Samajwadi Party and was appointed to this position in July 2024. He previously served as the Minister for Forests and Environment, where he was involved in environmental protection initiatives.

He is also the Deputy Chairman of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal.

A resident of Kankalini Municipality in Saptari, Sudi was elected as a Pratinidhi Sabha member in the 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Saptari 1. He has described Constitution Day of Nepal, September 19 as a 'black day' for Madhesh.

People's Socialist Party (Nepal, 2024)
The People's Socialist Party (abbr. PSP; Nepali: जनता समाजवादी पार्टी), also known as Janata Samajbadi Party is the seventh-largest political party in Nepal. The party was formed after split in the People's Socialist Party, Nepal led by party federal council chairman Ashok Rai, supported by majority federal MPs from the PSP-N.

The party has forged alliance with Resham Lal Chaudhary formed Nagrik Unmukti Party, Nepal and Rajendra Mahato led Rastriya Mukti Party Nepal to contest election on common election symbol "janto". With 7 out of 275 seats in the lower house House of Representative, the party remained as the sixth largest political party in the Federal Parliament.
Kharabali
Kharabali (Russian: Харабали́; Kazakh: Қарабайлы, Qarabaıly) is a town and the administrative center of Kharabalinsky District in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Akhtuba River (an arm of the Volga) 142 kilometers (88 mi) northwest of Astrakhan, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  18,117 (2010 census); 18,296 (2002 census); 18,566 (1989 Soviet census).

Kharabalinsky District
Kharabalinsky District (Russian: Харабали́нский райо́н; Kazakh: Қарабайлы ауданы, Qarabaıly aýdany) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the eleven in Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central and eastern parts of the oblast. The area of the district is 7,100 square kilometers (2,700 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kharabali. Population: 41,176 (2010 Census); 40,955 (2002 Census); 42,273 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Kharabali accounts for 44.0% of the district's total population.

Ethnic Russians make up 51% of the district's population. The second largest ethnic group is the Kazakhs that account for 42% of the population. Smaller minority communities include Nogais, Tatars and Armenians.
Aspen Miners
The Aspen Miners were a minor league baseball team based in Aspen, Colorado. Between 1889 and 1898, Aspen teams played as exclusively as members of the Colorado State League, playing in the 1889, 1895, 1896 and 1898 seasons and capturing the 1898 league championship. The 1889 team was known as the Aspen Silver Kings.

The Aspen teams hosted minor league home games at Athletic Park.

Colorado State League
The Colorado State League was an unaffiliated minor league baseball league that played between 1885 and 1898 involving teams from Colorado. Notable participants included the Leadville Blues, who were members of the league in multiple seasons, including 1885, 1889, and 1898. The league disbanded after the 1898 season, with Aspen’s team folding mid-season despite leading the standings.
Batna (département)
35°33′42.7″N 6°10′39.9″E﻿ / ﻿35.561861°N 6.177750°E﻿ / 35.561861; 6.177750

Batna ([bat.na], Arabic: باتنة‎ Bātna) is a former French département in Algeria.  The département of Batna existed between 1957 and 1974.

Constantine Department
Constantine Department was a French département in Algeria during the colonial period, which existed between 1848 and 1974.  The area of the former department, centered on the city of Constantine, is also referred to as Constantinois (Arabic: قسنطينة Qusanṭīnah).
Karma (2024 film)
Karma is a 2024 Indian Odia-language action-thriller film directed by Anupam Patnaik and produced by Barsha Nayak under Amiya Patnaik Productions. It stars Anubhav Mohanty as a Special Investigation Officer, accompanied by Suryamayee Mohapatra, Divya Disha Mohanty, Sanoj Kumar, Manmay Dey, Udit Guru and Choudhury Jayaprakash Das in supporting roles.

Anubhav Mohanty
Anubhav Mohanty (born 24 December 1981) is an Indian actor and social activist who is known for his work majorly in Odia language films. Mohanty has also worked in Bengali films. Mohanty has a large fan following, especially in Odisha.
New England Skeptical Society
The New England Skeptical Society (NESS) is an American organization dedicated to promoting science and reason. It was founded in January 1996 as the Connecticut Skeptical Society, by Steven Novella, Perry DeAngelis and Bob Novella. The group later joined with the Skeptical Inquirers of New England (SINE) and the New Hampshire Skeptical Resource to form the New England Skeptical Society.

Steven Novella
Steven Paul Novella (born July 29, 1964) is an American clinical neurologist and associate professor at Yale University School of Medicine. Novella is best known for his involvement in the skeptical movement as a host of The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe podcast and as the president of the New England Skeptical Society. He is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI).
Yugi (film)
Yugi (titled Adrishyam in Malayalam) is a 2022 Indian bilingual murder mystery film directed by Zac Harris, shot in Tamil and Malayalam simultaneously, stars Kathir, Natty and Narain in the lead roles for the Tamil version, while Sharaf U Dheen and Joju George played the lead roles in the Malayalam version alongside Narain. It was released on 18 November 2022.

Apart from replacing the lead roles, the rest of Adrishyam was dubbed from Yugi.

Natty Subramaniam
Natarajan "Natty" Subramaniam (/nətti/ born 23 June 1971) is an Indian cinematographer and actor who works in  Hindi and Tamil films. As an actor, he achieved recognition through his performance as a con artist in Sathuranga Vettai (2014).
Huljich family
The Huljich family are a very high net worth family located in Auckland, New Zealand, worth at least NZD$444 million in 2021 following the sale of their stake in Pushpay for that amount. Their business interests are varied, and include property, new business startups, finance, movie-making and philanthropy. They are of Croatian descent.

Huljich Wealth Management (NZ) Ltd
Huljich Wealth Management (NZ) Ltd was a New Zealand funds management company associated with Peter Huljich and the politicians Don Brash and John Banks. By the time of its sale in 2010 the company had grown the largest privately managed KiwiSaver Scheme (by members) in the country.
The Ice Harvest
The Ice Harvest is a 2005 American neo-noir black comedy film directed by Harold Ramis, written by Richard Russo and Robert Benton, based on the 2000 novel of the same name by Scott Phillips. It stars John Cusack, Billy Bob Thornton, and Connie Nielsen, with Randy Quaid and Oliver Platt in supporting roles. It was distributed by Focus Features, and it was released on VHS and DVD on February 28, 2006. It is the last Focus Features film released on VHS format. The Ice Harvest grossed $10.2 million worldwide.

Connie Nielsen
Connie Inge-Lise Nielsen (born 3 July 1965) is a Danish actress. She has starred as Lucilla in the films Gladiator (2000) and Gladiator II (2024) and as Queen Hippolyta in the DC Extended Universe (2017–2021). She has also starred in films such as Soldier (1998), Mission to Mars (2000), One Hour Photo (2002), Basic (2003), The Hunted (2003), The Ice Harvest (2005), Nymphomaniac (2013), 3 Days to Kill (2014), Inheritance (2020), Nobody (2021) and its sequel Nobody 2 (2025).

She also had roles as New York Police Department Detective Dani Beck, the temporary partner of Christopher Meloni's Elliot Stabler in the NBC crime drama series Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2006), the Starz political drama series Boss (2011–2012), the Fox crime thriller series The Following (2014), and the TNT limited drama series I Am the Night (2019), and starred in the Channel 4 drama series.
Jehan Daruvala
Jehan Daruvala (Marathi pronunciation: [d͡ʒeˈɦɑn daːruːvaːlaː]; born 1 October 1998) is an Indian racing driver who last raced in the Formula E for Maserati MSG Racing. He was a protégé of the Force India F1 team, after being one of three winners of a 'One in a Billion hunt' organized by the team in 2011. He is also a former member of the Red Bull Junior Team.

Dennis Hauger
Dennis Hauger (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdɛnɪs ˈhœʉ̯ː(ɡ)əɾ]; born 17 March 2003) is a Norwegian racing driver who is set to compete in the IndyCar Series with Dale Coyne Racing. He competed in the 2025 Indy NXT with Andretti Global, winning the championship.

Hauger raced in Formula 2 from 2022 to 2024. He was a member of the Red Bull Junior Team and was the 2021 FIA Formula 3 champion. Hauger also won the 2019 Italian F4 Championship with Van Amersfoort Racing.
Mike Ovey
Michael John "Mike" Ovey (9 December 1958 – 7 January 2017) was a British Anglican clergyman, academic, and former lawyer. From 2007 until his death, he was Principal of Oak Hill College, a conservative evangelical theological college in London, England.

Oak Hill College
Oak Hill College is a conservative evangelical theological college located on Chase Side in Southgate, London, England. Its aim is to prepare men and women from the Church of England and Independent churches for ministry.
Lenore Blum
Lenore Carol Blum (née Epstein; born December 18, 1942) is an American computer scientist and mathematician who has made contributions to the theories of real number computation, cryptography, and pseudorandom number generation. She was a distinguished career professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University until 2019 and is currently a professor in residence at the University of California, Berkeley. She is also known for her efforts to increase diversity in mathematics and computer science.

Manuel Blum
Manuel Blum (born 26 April 1938) is a Venezuelan-born American computer scientist who received the 1995 ACM Turing Award "In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of computational complexity theory and its application to cryptography and program checking".
The Vichy Syndrome
The Vichy Syndrome (Le syndrome de Vichy) is a 1987 book by Henry Rousso. The term Vichy syndrome is used by Rousso to describe the collective guilt, shame, and denial that many French people felt in the aftermath of the Second World War, especially in the 1970s and beyond, and particularly with regard to the collaborationist Vichy government. The Vichy regime's complicity in the persecution of Jews and other minorities has been a source of shame and controversy in France ever since.

Vichy syndrome
Vichy syndrome (French: syndrome de Vichy) is a term used to describe the guilt, denial and shame of French people regarding the actions of Vichy France. It was coined by Jewish historian Henry Rousso in his book The Vichy Syndrome (1987), wherein Vichy and the state collaboration of France remains a "past that doesn't pass away". Historiographical debates are still passionate and oppose different views on the nature and legitimacy of Vichy's collaborationism with Germany in the implementation of the Holocaust.
Bergregal
The Bergregal (German: [ˈbɛʁk.ʁeˌɡaːl]) was the historic right of ownership of untapped mineral resources in parts of German-speaking Europe; ownership of the Bergregal meant entitlement to the rights and royalties from mining. Historically, it was one of those privileges that constituted the original sovereign rights of the king.

In addition to the Bergregal, another important sovereign privilege was the Münzregal or minting rights, which was a consequence of the Bergregal since coins were minted near the mines from which their metal was obtained.

Mining act
The main purpose of mining acts (German: Berggesetze) in law is to govern the structure of mining authorities and their responsibilities, the entitlement to mining and the oversight of safety in and around the mines. With the introduction of parliamentary legislative powers, they replaced the earlier mining regulations issued by royalty or nobility to their states and territories.
Donald Guthrie (physician)
Dr. Donald Guthrie (June 23, 1880 – October 30, 1958) was an American surgeon best known for establishing Guthrie Clinic in Sayre, Pennsylvania in 1910. One of nation's earliest multi-specialty group medical practices, Guthrie based the formation of the clinic that bears his name on the principles he learned while a surgical resident (1906 - 1909) at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Sayre, Pennsylvania
Sayre is a borough in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is the principal city in the Sayre, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area. It lies 18 miles (29 km) southeast of Elmira, New York, and 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Binghamton. It is currently the largest city in Bradford County.The population was 5,403 at the 2020 census.

Sayre is part of the Penn-York Valley ("The Valley"), a group of four contiguous communities in New York and Pennsylvania: Waverly, New York; South Waverly, Pennsylvania; Sayre; Athens, Pennsylvania, and smaller surrounding communities with a combined population near 35,000.