hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Goddard (MP)
Thomas Goddard (9 August 1777 – 3 January 1814) was the member of Parliament for Cricklade in England from 1806 to 1812.

He was a captain in the 2nd Wiltshire Militia in 1796, and a major in 1799. In 1800 he was a captain in the Swindon Yeomanry.

He was a member of the Goddard family associated with Wiltshire, Hampshire and Berkshire and the son of Ambrose Goddard.

Goddard family
The Goddard family were a prominent landed family chiefly living in the northern regions of the English counties of Wiltshire and Hampshire and the western part of Berkshire, between the Tudor period and the early 20th century.

The Goddards were established at manors in Upper Upham, near Aldbourne, and at Clyffe Pypard (both in Wiltshire) from at least the late 15th century. From 1563 until 1927, the family were lords of the manor of Swindon, living on the Goddard Estate at the house known as The Lawn. Other important manors included Ogbourne St George in Wiltshire, Standen at Hungerford in Berkshire and Stargroves at East Woodhay in Hampshire.
Port of Brookings Harbor
The Port of Brookings-Harbor is the port authority for the city of Brookings, Oregon, United States, and serving the neighboring community of Harbor. The district covers 400 square miles (1,000 km2) from the mouth of the Chetco River south to the Oregon-California border, north to the mouth of the Pistol River, and east to the Curry-Josephine county line. The district is governed by a five-member commission elected at-large from the district population of approximately 16,000.

It is the busiest recreational port on the Oregon Coast, generating more than 31,000 boat trips for more than 95,000 people, and is one of the most active harbors for Chinook salmon on the coast.

Due to the unique south-facing bar orientation (as opposed to most Oregon bars facing due west) with the protection provided by Chetco Point, the Chetco bar is more passable than any other.

Brookings, Oregon
Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber & Box Company, who founded the city in 1908. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,744.
Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula  CnH2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C2H2, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
Rennesøy
Rennesøy is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It was merged into Stavanger municipality on 1 January 2020. It was located in the traditional district of Ryfylke. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vikevåg. Other villages in Rennesøy included Askje and Sørbø. The municipality encompassed a number of islands on the south side of the Boknafjorden, north of the city of Stavanger.

At the time of its dissolution, the 66-square-kilometre (25 sq mi) municipality was the 404th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Rennesøy was the 207th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,892. The municipality's population density is 75.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (195/sq mi) and its population has increased by 38.7% over the last decade.

Åmøy
Åmøy is an island in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 5.3-square-kilometre (2.0 sq mi) island lies just north of the city of Stavanger in a group of islands.  The islands of Sokn and Bru both lie to the west of Åmøy and the islands of Mosterøy and Rennesøy lie to the north, and the island of Hidle lies to the east.
Volga–Ural Military District
The Volga–Ural Military District was a military district of the Russian Ground Forces, formed on 1 September 2001 by the amalgamation of the Volga Military District and the Ural Military District. The headquarters of the Ural Military District, located at Yekaterinburg became the new headquarters of the merged district. In 2010 the District was merged with part of the Siberian Military District to form the new Central Military District.

15th Guards Tank Division
The 15th Guards Mozyr Red Banner Order of Suvorov Tank Division (15 gv. td) (Russian: 15-я гвардейская танковая Мозырская Краснознамённая ордена Суворова дивизия (15 гв. тд)) was a tank division of the Soviet Army during the Cold War that became part of the Russian Ground Forces after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

The division was initially stationed in Belarus postwar, but remained as part of the permanent Soviet garrison in Czechoslovakia after its participation in the 1968 Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. The division was withdrawn to Chebarkul when Soviet forces departed Czechoslovakia and disbanded the during force reductions of the 1990s.

From 1968 the division headquarters Military Unit Number (V/Ch) was 58539.
Alan Brinkley
Alan David Brinkley (June 2, 1949 – June 16, 2019) was an American political historian who taught for over 20 years at Columbia University. He was the Allan Nevins Professor of History until his death. From 2003 to 2009, he was University Provost.

AP United States History
Advanced Placement (AP) United States History (also known as AP U.S. History, APUSH (/ˈeɪ.pʊʃ/), or AP U.S.) is a college-level course and examination offered by College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program.
Trials of Death
Trials of Death is the fifth book in The Saga of Darren Shan by Darren Shan. It is part of the Vampire Rites Trilogy, consisting of books four through six in the 12-book saga. It was first published by Collins in the United Kingdom in 2001, and in the United States in 2003.

The Saga of Darren Shan
The Saga of Darren Shan (known as Cirque Du Freak: The Saga of Darren Shan in the United States) is a young adult 12-part book series written by Darren O'Shaughnessy about the struggle of Darren Shan, a boy who has become involved in the world of vampires. As of October 2008, the book has been published in 33 countries around the world, in 30 different languages. A film based on the first three books in the series was released in theatres on 23 October 2009. Blackstone Audio has also released CD recordings of all 12 books in the series, read by Ralph Lïster. Between 2011 and 2012, a four part prequel series titled The Saga Of Larten Crepsley depicts the life of Larten Crepsley from his tale of becoming a vampire, up until to where the events of Cirque Du Freak begin.
Baicang
Baicang (simplified Chinese: 白仓; traditional Chinese: 白倉; pinyin: Báicāng) is a town in Shaoyang County, located in the eastern Hunan province of China about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of the county seat. As of 2011, it has one residential community (居委会) and 49 villages under its administration.

Shaoyang County
Shaoyang County (simplified Chinese: 邵阳县; traditional Chinese: 邵陽縣; pinyin: Shàoyáng Xiàn) is a county under the administration of Shaoyang City in Hunan province, China. Located in the southwest of the province, the county is bordered to the north by Dongkou County, to the west by Huitong and Jingzhou Counties, to the southwest by Tongdao County, to the southeast by Chengbu County, and to the east by Wugang City. Shaoyang County covers an area of 1,996.08 km2 (770.69 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 1,048,235 and a permanent resident population of 957,800. The county has 12 towns and eight townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Fenghuang Community (渡口镇凤凰社区).
Bankoff circle
In geometry, the Bankoff circle or Bankoff triplet circle is a certain Archimedean circle that can be constructed from an arbelos; an Archimedean circle is any circle with area equal to each of Archimedes' twin circles. The Bankoff circle was first constructed by Leon Bankoff in 1974.

Twin circles
In geometry, the twin circles are two special circles associated with an arbelos.
An arbelos is determined by three collinear points A, B, and C, and is the curvilinear triangular region between the three semicircles that have AB, BC, and AC as their diameters. If the arbelos is partitioned into two smaller regions by a line segment through the middle point of A, B, and C, perpendicular to line ABC, then each of the two twin circles lies within one of these two regions, tangent to its two semicircular sides and to the splitting segment.

These circles first appeared in the Book of Lemmas, which showed (Proposition V) that the two circles are congruent.
Thābit ibn Qurra, who translated this book into Arabic,  attributed it to Greek mathematician Archimedes. Based on this claim the twin circles, and several other circles in the Arbelos congruent to them, have also been called Archimedes's circles. However, this attribution has been questioned by later scholarship.
The Conjure Woman (film)
The Conjure Woman is a 1926 silent film directed, written, produced and distributed by Oscar Micheaux. A race film featuring an African-American cast and catering to an African-American audience, it stars Evelyn Preer and Lawrence Chenault, with support from character actors Peter Verwayen, Alma Sewell and Sidney Easton. It is based on American writer Charles W. Chesnutt's 1899 short story collection of the same name. No print of the film has been located and it is presumed to be a lost film.

Oscar Micheaux
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (US: /mɪˈʃoʊ/ ⓘ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race films, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century." He produced both silent films and sound films.
Chesterfield County, South Carolina
Chesterfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 43,273. Its county seat is Chesterfield. The largest community in the county is Cheraw. It is located north of the Midlands, in the Pee Dee region, on the border with North Carolina.

South Carolina Highway 151
South Carolina Highway 151 (SC 151) is a 52.850-mile (85.054 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. Known as "the road to the beach" by many residents of the Charlotte metropolitan area due to it being the most direct route to the Grand Strand, it connects the Charlotte metropolitan area to Darlington, Florence, and the aforementioned Grand Strand.
Weak gravitational lensing
In astronomy, weak gravitational lensing is a technique to map the mass distribution of astronomical objects. As predicted by general relativity, the presence of any mass bends the path of light passing near it, producing gravitational lensing. This effect rarely produces the giant arcs and multiple images associated with strong gravitational lensing. Most lines of sight in the universe are thoroughly in the weak lensing regime, in which the deflection is impossible to detect in a single background source. However, even in these cases, the presence of the foreground mass can be detected, by way of a systematic alignment of background sources around the lensing mass. Weak gravitational lensing is thus an intrinsically statistical measurement, but it provides a way to measure the masses of astronomical objects without requiring assumptions about their composition or dynamical state.

The field was pioneered by J. Anthony Tyson in the 1990s.

Strong gravitational lensing
Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings.  Generally, for strong lensing to occur, the projected lens mass density must be greater than the critical density, that is .  For point-like background sources, there will be multiple images; for extended background emissions, there can be arcs or rings. Topologically, multiple image production is governed by the odd number theorem.

Strong lensing was predicted by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. It was later observationally discovered by Dennis Walsh, Bob Carswell, and Ray Weymann in 1979 when they determined that the Twin Quasar Q0957+561A comprises two images of the same object.
Plaza Bolognesi
The Plaza Bolognesi is a roundabout located in the Lima District and the  Breña District, in the capital of Peru. It is located at the intersection of Brazil Avenue, Arica Avenue, Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, Guzmán Blanco Avenue, and 9 December Avenue.

It is named in honor of a national hero, Colonel Francisco Bolognesi, who participated in the Battle of Arica during the War of the Pacific. It is used exclusively for the Ceremony of the Flag, which is celebrated every June 7, on Peruvian Flag Day. It was inaugurated on November 6, 1905.

Avenida Alfonso Ugarte
Alfonso Ugarte Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Alfonso Ugarte), formerly known as the Alameda/Avenida de Circunvalación and as Bolognesi Avenue, is a major avenue located in the historic Centre of Lima. It begins in the Puente del Ejército and crosses the Plaza Ramón Castilla and Plaza Dos de Mayo, continuing until it reaches the Plaza Bolognesi.
Anne Maxwell (printer)
Anne Maxwell (died 1684) was a prominent printer in seventeenth century London. She inherited a printing house from her husband, David, who died in 1665. She successfully ran this, producing at least 122 texts between 1665 and 1675.

William Weekly
William Weekly (c. 1629–1697) was a bookseller who settled in Ipswich in the seventeenth century after completing an apprenticeship in London.

He was originally from Great Addington, Northamptonshire. He served his apprenticeship from September 1638 to November 1646. In 1651 he gained the freedom of Ipswich. He served as Chamberlain for Ipswich Corporation with Richard Clopton, 1656-7.

His son, John Weekly (1663-1716) entered his apprenticeship of ten years in London with William Harris. He returned to Ipswich, residing  in St Lawrence ward.
Leigh Ann Hester
Leigh Ann Hester (born January 12, 1982) is a United States Army National Guard soldier. While assigned to the 617th Military Police Company, a Kentucky Army National Guard unit out of Richmond, Kentucky, Hester received the Silver Star for her heroic actions on 20 March 2005 during an enemy ambush on a supply convoy near the town of Salman Pak, Iraq.

Hester is the first woman in the Army to receive the Silver Star since World War II and the first ever woman in the Army to receive it for valor in combat.

Military Police Corps (United States)
The United States Army Military Police Corps (USAMPC) is the uniformed law enforcement branch of the United States Army. Investigations are conducted by Military Police investigators under the Provost Marshal General's Office or special agents of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Division.

United States Army Military Police units have combat zone responsibilities in addition to their law enforcement duties. These responsibilities include mounted and dismounted patrols, response force operations, area damage control, route reconnaissance, cordon and search operations, critical site security, and convoy and personnel escorts. Operationally, these duties fall under the "security and mobility support" discipline of the Military Police Corps.
Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's qualification
Qualification for the men's ice hockey tournament at the 2026 Winter Olympics was determined by the IIHF World Ranking following the 2023 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships. A total of 12 men's hockey teams qualified. The hosts (Italy) along with the top eight teams in the world ranking received automatic berths into the Olympics, while all other teams had an opportunity to qualify for the remaining three spots.

Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics took place in Milan, Italy, between 11 and 22 February 2026. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight via ranking by the IIHF, three via qualification tournaments, and Italy as hosts. Russia and Belarus were banned from competing due to the countries' invasion of Ukraine. players from those two countries were also disallowed from competing under the banner of "Individual Neutral Athletes" (AIN) like those athletes in other Olympic team events.

Finland were the defending champions, having won their first Olympic title in 2022, but were defeated by Canada in the semifinals. The United States won their first gold medal since 1980, defeating Canada 2–1 in overtime in the gold medal game. Finland won the bronze medal over 2022 bronze medalists Slovakia.
Hilbert transform
In mathematics and signal processing, the Hilbert transform  is a specific singular integral that takes a function, u(t) of a real variable and produces another function of a real variable H(u)(t). The Hilbert transform is given by the Cauchy principal value of the convolution with the function   (see § Definition).  The Hilbert transform has a particularly simple representation in the frequency domain: It imparts a phase shift of ±90° (π/2 radians) to every frequency component of a function, the sign of the shift depending on the sign of the frequency (see § Relationship with the Fourier transform).  The Hilbert transform is important in signal processing, where it is a component of the analytic representation of a real-valued signal u(t).  The Hilbert transform was first introduced by David Hilbert in this setting, to solve a special case of the Riemann–Hilbert problem for analytic functions.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Bromoform
Bromoform is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHBr3. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a high refractive index and a very high density. Its sweet odor is similar to that of chloroform. It is one of the four haloforms, the others being fluoroform, chloroform, and iodoform. It is a brominated organic solvent. Currently its main use is as a laboratory reagent. It is very slightly soluble in water (one part bromoform in 800 parts water) and is miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, petroleum ether, acetone and oils.

Iodoform
Iodoform (also known as triiodomethane) is the organoiodine compound with the chemical formula CHI3. It is a pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, with a penetrating and distinctive odor (in older chemistry texts, the smell is sometimes referred to as that of hospitals, where the compound is still commonly used) and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant.
Eastern District Army
The Eastern District Army (東部軍, Tōbugun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army responsible for the defense of the Kantō region and northern Honshū during the Pacific War. It was one of the regional commands in the Japanese home islands reporting to the General Defense Command.

General Defense Command
The General Defense Command (防衛総司令部, Bōei Soshireibu) was a headquarters organization and general army of the Imperial Japanese Army, established to control all land and air units stationed within Japan proper, Korea and Taiwan during World War II.
Cy Est Pourtraicte, Madame Ste Ursule, et Les Unze Mille Vierges
"Cy est Pourtraicte, Madame Ste Ursule, et les Unze Mille Vierges" is a poem in Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. It was first published in 1915 in the magazine Rogue, so it is in the public domain. Butell characterizes it as one of the first two poems (the other is "Tea") to "successfully combine wit and elegance". They are the earliest poems to be collected later in Harmonium.

Harmonium (poetry collection)
Harmonium is a book of poetry by American poet Wallace Stevens. His first book at the age of forty-four, it was published in 1923 by Knopf in an edition of 1,500 copies. This collection comprises 85 poems, ranging in length from just a few lines ("Life Is Motion") to several hundred ("The Comedian as the Letter C") (see the footnotes for the table of contents). Harmonium was reissued in 1931 with three poems omitted and fourteen new poems added.

Most of Harmonium's poems were published between 1914 and 1923 in various magazines. The poems are now in the public domain in America and similar jurisdictions.
Pseudophegopteris
Psuedohegopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Phegopteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Species are native to tropical Africa, Asia, Malesia, and the Pacific islands.

Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteridaceae is a family of about 900 species of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae. Alternatively, the family may be submerged in a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae as the subfamily Thelypteridoideae.

The ferns are terrestrial, with the exception of a few which are lithophytes (grow on rocks).  The bulk of the species are tropical, although there are a number of temperate species.

These ferns typically have creeping rhizomes. The fronds are simply pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid. There is either no frond dimorphism or only mild dimorphism, either open venation or very simple anastomosing. The sori are mostly reniform in shape and have indusia, except for the Phegopteris group.
Al Batinah North Governorate
Al Batinah North Governorate (Arabic: محافظة شمال الباطنة Muḥāfaẓat Šamāl al-Bāṭinah) is one of the eleven governorates of Oman. It was created on 28 October 2011 when Al Batinah Region was split into Al Batinah North Governorate and Al Batinah South Governorate. The centre of the governorate is the wilayat of Sohar.

Al Batinah South Governorate
Al Batinah South Governorate (Arabic: محافظة جنوب الباطنة Muḥāfaẓat Ǧanūb al-Bāṭinah) is one of the eleven governorates of Oman. It was created on 28 October 2011 when Al Batinah Region was split into Al Batinah North Governorate and Al Batinah South Governorate. The centre of the governorate is the wilayat of Rustaq.
Elsen
Elsen is a village in Germany that forms a part of the city Paderborn in North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 1975 Elsen was an autonomous Gemeinde (municipality). As of 2021, Elsen has around 16,000 inhabitants.

Paderborn
Paderborn (German pronunciation: [paːdɐˈbɔʁn] ⓘ; Westphalian: Patterbuorn, also Paterboärn) is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and Born, an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.