hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petunia axillaris
Petunia axillaris, the large white petunia, wild white petunia or white moon petunia, is an annual herbaceous plant in the family Solanaceae, genus Petunia. It is native to temperate South America comprising southern Brazil, parts of Argentina and Uruguay. The plant's flowers, the only white ones found in the Petunia genus, are 3 to 7 cm long. The commonly-grown garden petunia is a hybrid of P. axillaris and P. integrifolia.

Petunia
Petunia is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants of South American origin. The popular flower of the same name derived its epithet from the French, which took the word pétun, 'tobacco', from a Tupi–Guarani language. A tender perennial plant, most of the varieties seen in gardens are hybrids (Petunia × atkinsiana, also known as Petunia × hybrida).
Deterministic pushdown automaton
In automata theory, a deterministic pushdown automaton (DPDA or DPA) is a variation of the pushdown automaton. The class of deterministic pushdown automata accepts the deterministic context-free languages, a proper subset of context-free languages.

Machine transitions are based on the current state and input symbol, and also the current topmost symbol of the stack.  Symbols lower in the stack are not visible and have no immediate effect. Machine actions include pushing, popping, or replacing the stack top.  A deterministic pushdown automaton has at most one legal transition for the same combination of input symbol, state, and top stack symbol. This is where it differs from the nondeterministic pushdown automaton.

Context-free language
In formal language theory, a  context-free language (CFL), also called a Chomsky type-2 language, is a language generated by a context-free grammar (CFG).

Context-free languages have many applications in programming languages, in particular, most arithmetic expressions are generated by context-free grammars.
Stone Mountain (Pennsylvania)
Stone Mountain is a stratigraphic ridge that is located in central Pennsylvania, United States, trending northwest of the Jacks Mountain ridge and Jacks Mountain Anticline. The ridge line separates Kishacoquillas Valley from the Seven Mountains area. Stone Mountain lies in, and the ridge line forms part of the border between, Mifflin and Huntingdon counties.

Pennsylvania Route 305 crosses the ridge and follows a valley along a fault line at 40°37′46″N 77°45′31″W﻿ / ﻿40.62944°N 77.75861°W﻿ / 40.62944; -77.75861 near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Allensville Road also crosses the ridge crest north of Allensville, and Barrville Road passes through a wind gap west of Barrville. There are no water gaps carrying rivers through the ridge. The Saddler Creek passes the southern foot of the ridge near the town of Mill Creek.

Kishacoquillas Valley
The Kishacoquillas Valley, known locally as both Kish Valley and Big Valley, is an enclosed anticlinal valley in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians of Central Pennsylvania, and is located in Mifflin and Huntingdon counties.
Gropparello
Gropparello (Piacentino: Gruparél) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Piacenza.

The territory of the municipality lies between 175 and 1,099 metres (574 and 3,606 ft) above sea level. The altimetric span is thus 924 metres (3,031 ft).

Gropparello borders the following municipalities: Bettola, Carpaneto Piacentino, Lugagnano Val d'Arda, Morfasso, Ponte dell'Olio, San Giorgio Piacentino.

Sights include the Castle of Montechino.

Ponte dell'Olio
Ponte dell'Olio (Piacentino: Al Pont da l'Oli [ɐl ˈpoŋt dɐ ˈlɔli]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Piacenza, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Piacenza, about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south of Milan and about 160 kilometres (99 mi) northwest of Bologna. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,917 and an area of 44.0 square kilometres (17.0 sq mi).

Among the sites is the Castello di Riva located next to the river Nure. The castle is privately owned and undergoing restoration.

The municipality of Ponte dell'Olio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Folignano, Torrano, Zaffignano, Castione, Sarmata, Monte Santo, Biana, and Cassano.

Ponte dell'Olio borders the following municipalities: Bettola, Gropparello, San Giorgio Piacentino, Vigolzone.
Nokkakivi
Nokkakivi (Finnish: [ˈnokːɑˌkiʋi]; translates to "Beak Rock") is an amusement park in Lievestuore, Laukaa, Finland. It is located along the Highway 9 (E63), and the distance from the amusement park to the nearest big city, Jyväskylä, is 24 kilometres (15 mi). Nokkakivi is owned by Bellingham Oy. It is the newest amusement park in Finland, although for the time being it has only a limited number of pre-owned rides on its ride list.

One ride is especially notable in the Nokkakivi park because of its long operational history in Finnish amusement parks. Round Up has been in three other Finnish amusement parks: 1961–1976 in Linnanmäki, 1977 in Särkänniemi and 1986–2002 in Tykkimäki, before it came to Nokkakivi park for its opening season.

Laukaa
Laukaa (Finnish: [ˈlɑu̯kɑː]; Swedish: Laukas) is a municipality of Finland. It is located next to Jyväskylä and is part of the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 18,876 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 825.59 square kilometres (318.76 sq mi) of which 177.09 km2 (68.37 sq mi) is water.  The population density is 29.11 inhabitants per square kilometre (75.4/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The subject of Laukaa's coat of arms refers to the municipality's abundant coniferous forests and Laukaa's location in the heart of Finland. The explanation of the coat of arms is "a red heart in a silver field, from which grows a three-pronged green conifer." The coat of arms was designed by Olof Eriksson and approved by the Laukaa Municipal Council at its meeting on June 6, 1955. The Ministry of the Interior confirmed the use of the coat of arms on September 5 of the same year.
Zhang Daoling
Zhang Daoling (張道陵, traditionally February 22, 34 – October 10, 156), birth name Zhang Ling (張陵), courtesy name Fuhan (輔漢), was a Chinese Taoist religious leader who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He founded the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice millenarian movement, and established a theocratic state. The Way of the Celestial Masters grew out of those beginnings, and so Zhang is considered the founder of religious Taoism by scholars and is venerated as such by followers of Zhengyi Dao.

His son  Zhang Heng (張衡) and grandson Zhang Lu inherited leadership of the movement and state. Also known as Celestial Master Zhang (張天師), Ancestral Celestial Master (祖天師) or Zhengyi Zhenren (正一真人), Zhang is sometimes pictured riding on a tiger. In some Taoist sects, Zhang, along with Ge Xuan, Xu Xun (許遜) and Sa Shoujian (薩守堅), are called the "Four Celestial Masters" (四大天師).

Ge Xuan
Ge Xuan (164–244), courtesy name Xiaoxian, was a Chinese Taoist practitioner who lived during the eastern Han dynasty (25–220) and Three Kingdoms periods (220–280). He was the ancestor of Ge Hong and a resident of Danyang Commandery in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Ge Xuan's paternal grandnephew, Ge Hong, gave him the title "Ge Xuan Gong", which translates as "Immortal Lord" or "Transcendent Duke". Ge Hong wrote extensively about his great-uncle, and said that some alchemical texts from his Baopuzi originally came from him. Ge Xuan was described by his descendant, Ge Chaofu, as the first recipient of the Lingbao sacred scriptures. He is remembered as a member of the Chinese Ge family and a prominent figure in the early development of Taoism.
Saltö
Saltö is an island in the eastern part of the Blekinge archipelago in Blekinge Län, southern Sweden. The city of Karlskrona is spread over 30 islands, one of which is Saltö. Dragsöviken is the sound between Saltö and Dragsö.

Karlskrona
Karlskrona (UK: /ˈkɑːrlskroʊnə/, US: /kɑːrlzˈkruːnə/, Swedish: [kaɭsˈkrûːna] ⓘ) is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with a population of 66,675 in 2018. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's largest naval base and the headquarters of the Swedish Coast Guard.

Historically, the city has been home to a German minority, thus enabling the formation of a German Congregational church. It also counted Jewish people in its population.

In 1998, parts of the city, including the Karlskrona Naval Base, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Massilia dura
Massilia dura is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia albidiflava, Massilia plicata, and Massilia lutea from soil samples collected from southeast China.
Colonies of M. dura are hard and compact and their color is pale white to yellow.

Massilia plicata
Massilia plicata is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium  from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia dura, Massilia albidiflava, and Massilia lutea from soils in China. Colonies of M. plicata are yellow to pale brown.
Federal Ministerial Police
The Federal Ministerial Police (Spanish: Policía Federal Ministerial, PFM) is a Mexican federal agency tasked with fighting corruption and organized crime, through an executive order by President Felipe Calderón. The agency is directed by the Attorney General's Office (FGR) and may have been partly modeled on the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States. PFM agents in action often wear masks to prevent themselves from being identified by gang leaders. PFM agents are uniformed when carrying out raids.

"Street-level" uniformed federal police patrols and transport terminal security are handled by the service personnel of the National Guard.

Attorney General of Mexico
The Attorney General of the Republic is the head of the Attorney General's Office (Fiscalía General de la República, FGR; prior to 2019, Procuraduría General de la República, PGR) and the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office of the United Mexican States, an institution belonging to the Federal Government's constitutional autonomous organism that is responsible for the investigation and prosecution of federal crimes.

The office is governed mainly by article 102 of the 1917 Constitution and the Organic Law of the Attorney General's Office (Ley Orgánica de la Fiscalía General de la República).
Staithes Viaduct
Staithes Viaduct was a railway bridge that straddled Staithes Beck at Staithes, Yorkshire, England. It was north of the closed Staithes railway station. It was known for an anemometer, a fitting to tell the signaller if winds across the viaduct were too strong for crossing trains.

Major crossing structures, including the viaduct, on the Whitby to Loftus line were made out of iron, with the piers additionally filled with concrete. The viaduct started to be built in 1875 and opened in 1883 – due to financial, build and ownership problems. The line closed in 1958 and the viaduct demolished in 1960.

Staithes railway station
Staithes railway station was a railway station on the Whitby Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway, serving the villages of Staithes and Dalehouse in North Yorkshire, England. It was opened on 3 December 1883.
NGC 2655
NGC 2655 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is at a distance of 60 million light years from Earth. NGC 2655 is a Seyfert galaxy. The galaxy has asymmetric dust lanes in the centre of the galaxy, tidal arms and extended neutral hydrogen gas and may have recently  experienced a merger. The complex dynamics of the HI and optical tails suggest the galaxy may have undergone more mergers in the past. A weak bar has been detected in infrared H band. The diameter of the disk of the galaxy is estimated to be 60 Kpc (195,000 ly).

William Herschel discovered NGC 2655 in September 26, 1802 and described it as very bright and considerably large. The galaxy can be glimpsed with a 4-inch telescope under dark skies nearly 10° from the north celestial pole.

NGC 2655 is the brightest member of the NGC 2655 group, which also contains the Sc galaxy NGC 2715, NGC 2591, and NGC 2748. One of the gas structures of NGC 2655 is trailing off toward the small galaxy UGC 4714.

Camelopardalis
Camelopardalis is a large but faint constellation of the northern sky representing a giraffe. The constellation was introduced in 1612 or 1613 by Petrus Plancius. Some older astronomy books give Camelopardalus or Camelopardus as alternative forms of the name, but the version recognized by the International Astronomical Union matches the genitive form, seen suffixed to most of its brighter stars.
Kežmarok
Kežmarok (German: Kesmark or Käsmark; Hungarian: Késmárk, Rusyn: Кежмарок, Yiddish: קעזמאַרק, romanized: Kezmark, Polish: Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Before World War I, it was in Szepes county in the Kingdom of Hungary.

Spiš
Spiš (Polish: Spisz [ˈspiʂ]; Hungarian: Szepesség or Szepes; German: Zips [tsɪps]) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (more specifically encompassing 14 former Slovak villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory, but it is also the name of one of the 21 official tourism regions of Slovakia. The region is not an administrative division in its own right, but between the late 11th century and 1918 it was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary (see separate article Szepes County in this regard).
Guaviare River
The Guaviare is a tributary of the Orinoco in Colombia. It flows together with the upper Orinoco (until here also called Río Parágua), which it clearly surpasses in length (altogether about 1,760 km) and water flow. Thus, the Guaviare is hydrologically the main stream of the Orinoco system.

The Guaviare has its source in two other rivers, the Ariari and the Guayabero, which in turn have their own sources in the eastern part of the Andes. At 1,760 km (1,090 mi) long, it is the longest tributary of the Orinoco and is navigable for 630 km (390 mi) of its total length.  The Guaviare is considered the border between the Llanos and the Amazon rainforest.  Its main tributary is the Inírida River.

Ariari River
The Ariari River is a river of Colombia, located entirely within the Meta Department. Part of the Orinoco River basin, it merges with the Guayabero River to forms the Guaviare River, one of the principle tributaries of the Orinoco.
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy (Egyptian Arabic: علياء ماجدة المهدي, IPA: [ʕælˈjæːʔ ˈmæɡdæ (ʔe)lˈmæhdi, ˈʕæljæ-]; born 16 November 1991) is an Egyptian internet activist and feminist advocate. She became known for publishing a nude photo on her Blogspot page, which she described on Facebook as "screams against a society of violence, racism, sexism, sexual harassment and hypocrisy". Since then she became a subject of several death threats. Elmahdy describes herself as a "secular, liberal, feminist, vegetarian, individualist Egyptian" and has identified as an atheist since turning 16.

Maryam Namazie
Maryam Namazie (Persian: مریم نمازی; born 1966) is a British-Iranian secularist, communist and human rights activist, commentator, and broadcaster. She is the Spokesperson for Fitnah – Movement for Women’s Liberation, One Law for All and the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain. She is known for speaking out against Islam and Islamism and defending the right to apostasy and blasphemy.
Crataegus jackii
Crataegus jackii is a hawthorn that is restricted to southern Quebec. It is related to and has been considered to be a synonym of C. chrysocarpa, but is very hairy, with larger flowers, and has been made a synonym of C. lumaria Ashe.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
MSC Malaysia
MSC Malaysia, formerly known as the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC; Malay: Koridor Raya Multimedia), is a special economic zone and high-technology business district spanning the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, south-central Selangor, parts of western Negeri Sembilan and southern Johor, Malaysia.

Malaysia Vision Valley
The Malaysia Vision Valley  (MVV; Malay: Lembah Wawasan Malaysia) is a development corridor that encompasses the districts of Seremban and Port Dickson in the state of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The corridor was initially established on 21 May 2015, and it forms the southern continuation of the Greater Kuala Lumpur area.
Amirul Islam (field hockey)
Amirul Islam (Bengali: আমিরুল ইসলাম; born 10 November 2005) is a Bangladeshi professional field hockey player who plays as a defender. He is a prominent emerging talent in Bangladeshi hockey, known for his powerful and precise penalty corner conversions and is widely regarded as the primary drag-flick specialist for the Bangladesh & Bangladesh junior national team.

2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2025 Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup is the 14th edition of the Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup, the biennial men's under-21 field hockey world championship organized by the International Hockey Federation. It is held at the Mayor Radhakrishnan Hockey Stadium in Chennai and Madurai International Hockey Stadium in Madurai in Tamil Nadu, India, from 28 November to 10 December 2025.

The tournament will feature 24 teams for the first time.
Perron number
In mathematics, a Perron number is an algebraic integer α which is real and greater than 1, but such that its conjugate elements are all less than α in absolute value.  For example, the larger of the two roots of the irreducible polynomial  is a Perron number.

Perron numbers are named after Oskar Perron; the Perron–Frobenius theorem asserts that, for a real square matrix with positive algebraic entries whose largest eigenvalue is greater than one, this eigenvalue is a Perron number. (Conversely, it was shown in the late 20th century by Douglas Lind that the Perron numbers are in fact the "closure" of the natural numbers, realized after only one iteration of taking spectral radii of aperiodic matrices, where entries are drawn from this set.) As a closely related case, the Perron number of a graph is defined to be the spectral radius of its adjacency matrix.

Any Pisot number or Salem number is a Perron number, as is the Mahler measure of a monic integer polynomial.

Salem number
In mathematics, a Salem number is a real algebraic integer  whose conjugate roots all have absolute value no greater than 1, and at least one of which has absolute value exactly 1. Salem numbers are of interest in Diophantine approximation and harmonic analysis. They are named after Raphaël Salem.
Walpole High School
Walpole High School (WHS) is a four-year public high school in Walpole, Massachusetts, United States, within Norfolk County. The school educates students grades 9 through 12 and is the only high school in the Walpole Public School district. As of 2013, the school has about 1,300 students and over 90 faculty and staff members. The campus is located one mile from downtown Walpole on Common Street.

The school is mainly focused on college preparatory subjects, with over 90 percent of its graduates typically going on to higher education. It is accredited is by the New England Association of Secondary Schools.

WHS was founded in 1870; the current building was originally built in 1907 and underwent a major renovation/addition in 2000-2002 thereby adding many new classrooms, labs, a new library, and cafeteria as well as a general modernization of the interior.

Walpole Public Schools
Walpole Public Schools is a school district serving Walpole, Massachusetts.

In 2012, voters approved a budget override. Jean Kenney, the assistant superintendent, stated in 2015 that the district would have closed its middle school foreign languages program if the override did not pass, and that parents who wanted foreign language instruction to remain had passed the override.
Olympiacos women's water polo team
Olympiacos Women's Water Polo Club is the women's water polo department of the major Greek multi-sport club Olympiacos, based in Piraeus. The department was founded in 1988 and they play their games at the 1000-seated Papastrateio "Petros Kapagerof" Pool in Piraeus.

European Aquatics Women's Super Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Super Cup is an annual water polo match organized by the LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European club competitions, the Euro League and the LEN Trophy.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Super Cup.
2012 Copa Sudamericana
The 2012 Copa Sudamericana de Clubes (officially the 2012 Copa Bridgestone Sudamericana de Clubes for sponsorship reasons) was the 11th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, South America's secondary international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament was expanded from 39 teams in the porevios edition to 47 teams, allowing the eight associations other than Argentina and Brazil to each enter four teams instead of three teams. Universidad de Chile were the defending champions, but lost to the eventual champion, São Paulo, in the quarterfinals.

Brazilian club São Paulo were crowned as the champion after defeating Argentine club Tigre in the finals. Having already qualified for the 2013 Libertadores Cup (for being 4th in the 2012 Brazilian League), São Paulo, after winning the 2012 Sudamericana Cup, would go on to vie for the 2013 Recopa Cup (Championship played between the Libertadores Cup champion and the Sudamericana Cup champion) and the 2013 Suruga Cup.

2012 Copa Sudamericana finals
The 2012 Copa Sudamericana finals were the final two-legged tie that decided the winner of the 2012 Copa Sudamericana, the 11th edition of the Copa Sudamericana, South America's secondary international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. The matches were played on 5 and 12 December 2012 between Tigre of Argentina and São Paulo of Brazil.
Hygrophorus latitabundus
Hygrophorus latitabundus is a species of fungus in the genus Hygrophorus. It is distributed in European pine forests, and has a preference for calcareous soils. It fruits in autumn, producing large, edible mushrooms with slimy caps and stems.

Hygrophorus
Hygrophorus is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called "woodwaxes" in the UK or "waxy caps" (together with Hygrocybe species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets.
Jordan Callahan
Jordan Alexander Callahan (born October 21, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who plays for Zdravlje Leskovac of the Basketball League of Serbia. Standing at 1.84 m (6 ft in), he mainly plays at the point guard position.

BC Balkan Botevgrad
BC Balkan Botevgrad (Bulgarian: БК Балкан Ботевград, romanized: BK Balkan Botevgrad) is a Bulgarian professional basketball club based in Botevgrad. The team is part of NBL and FIBA Europe Cup. The club has also competed in Balkan International Basketball League. They play their home matches at the Arena Botevgrad.