hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conservation and restoration of metals
Conservation and restoration of metals is the activity devoted to the protection and preservation of historical (religious, artistic, technical and ethnographic) and archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal. In it are included all activities aimed at preventing or slowing deterioration of items, as well as improving accessibility and readability of the objects of cultural heritage. Despite the fact that metals are generally considered as relatively permanent and stable materials, in contact with the environment they deteriorate gradually, some faster and some much slower. This applies especially to archaeological finds.

Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects
Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects is a process dedicated to the preservation and protection of objects of historical and personal value made from ceramic. Typically, this activity of conservation-restoration is undertaken by a conservator-restorer, especially when dealing with an object of cultural heritage. Ceramics are created from a production of coatings of inorganic, nonmetallic materials using heating and cooling to create a glaze. These coatings are often permanent and sustainable for utilitarian and decorative purposes. The cleaning, handling, storage, and in general treatment of ceramics is consistent with that of glass because they are made of similar oxygen-rich components, such as silicates. In conservation ceramics are broken down into three groups: unfired clay, earthenware or terracotta, and stoneware and porcelain.
Gerardo Diego
Gerardo Diego Cendoya (October 3, 1896 – July 8, 1987) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

Diego taught language and literature at institutes of learning in Soria, Gijón, Santander and Madrid. He also acted as literary and music critic for several newspapers.

Generation of '27
The Generation of '27 (Spanish: Generación del 27) was an influential group of poets that arose in Spanish literary circles between 1923 and 1927, essentially out of a shared desire to experience and work with avant-garde forms of art and poetry. Their first formal meeting took place in Seville in 1927 to mark the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque poet Luis de Góngora. Writers and intellectuals paid homage at the Ateneo de Sevilla, which retrospectively became the foundational act of the movement.
Vallamand
Vallamand (French pronunciation: [valamɑ̃]) was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud in the district of Broye-Vully.

The municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.

Constantine, Switzerland
Constantine (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃stɑ̃tin] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Bellerive, Chabrey, Constantine, Montmagny, Mur, Vallamand and Villars-le-Grand merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Vully-les-Lacs.
Rue de l'Arbre-Sec
The Rue de l'Arbre-Sec (French pronunciation: [ʁy də laʁbʁ sɛk]) is an old street located in the 1st arrondissement of Lyon, near the Place des Terreaux and the Opera Nouvel. It starts perpendicular to the Rue Édouard-Herriot and ends with the Quai Jean Moulin crossing the Rue de la République. The name dates from the 14th century and was probably chosen because of a dry tree that could be seen in this street and of an inn sign.

1st arrondissement of Lyon
The 1st arrondissement of Lyon (French: 1e arrondissement de Lyon) is one of the nine arrondissements of the City of Lyon. It is located below the hill of Croix-Rousse and on the north part of the Presqu'île formed by the Saône and the Rhône, the two rivers in Lyon.

This zone is served by the metro lines  and .
Nantua sauce
Nantua sauce (French: sauce Nantua [sos nɑ̃tɥa]) is a classical French sauce consisting of a béchamel sauce base, cream, and crayfish butter, along with crayfish tails.

It is named for the town of Nantua, which is known for its crayfish, and the term à la Nantua is used in classical French cuisine for dishes containing crayfish.

Sauce Nantua is the classic accompaniment to quenelles de brochet (pike dumplings), making quenelles Nantua.

Quenelle
A quenelle (French pronunciation: [kə.nɛl]) is a mixture of creamed fish or meat, sometimes combined with breadcrumbs, with a light egg binding, formed into an egg-like shape, and then cooked. The usual preparation is by poaching. Formerly, quenelles were often used as a garnish in haute cuisine. Today, they are more commonly served sauced as a dish in their own right. Similar items are found in many cuisines.

By extension, a quenelle may also be another food made into a similar shape, such as ice cream, sorbet, butter, or mashed potato quenelles.
Loudoun County Parkway
The Loudoun County Parkway is a secondary state highway in eastern Loudoun County, Virginia. The southern portion is signed as State Route 606 from Braddock Road north to Old Ox Road, with the remainder signed as State Route 607.

Virginia State Route 7
Virginia State Route 7 (VA 7) is a major primary state highway and busy commuter route in Northern Virginia, United States.  It travels southeast from Downtown Winchester to Washington Street (SR 400) in Downtown Alexandria. Its route largely parallels those of the Washington & Old Dominion Trail and the Potomac River. Between its western terminus and I-395, SR 7 is part of the National Highway System. In 1968, the Virginia State Highway Commission designated the road as the "Harry Flood Byrd Highway" between Alexandria and Winchester to commemorate Harry F. Byrd Sr. (1887–1966).
Diocletianopolis (Thrace)
Diocletianopolis (Greek: Διοκλητιανούπολις, Bulgarian: Диоклецианопол, "Town of Diocletian") was an ancient Roman town in the region of Thrace, nowadays the town of Hisarya in Bulgaria.

Its impressive remains include the enormous defensive walls which still stand close to their original height for the majority of their circuit.

There is an on-site museum for the many objects discovered.

Hisarya, Bulgaria
Hisarya (Bulgarian: Хисаря [xiˈsarʲɐ], also known as Hisar, Hissar or Hissarya, formerly: Toplitsa) is a small town and a major spa resort in Plovdiv Province, central Bulgaria. The town is located at the southern foothills of the Sredna Gora mountain range facing the Upper Thracian Plain.

Hisar means 'fort, castle' in Arabic. The word was adopted in Turkish.
Congress of Dibër
The Congress of Dibër (original name promoted by the Ottoman authorities: Ottoman-Albanian Joint Constitutional Congress) was a congress held by members of Albanian committee in Debar (then part of the Ottoman Empire, now part of North Macedonia) from July 23 to July 29, 1909. The congress was chaired by Vehbi Dibra, Grand Mufti of the Sanjak of Dibra and was sponsored by the government of the Young Turks. It was held on the first anniversary of the Young Turk Revolution and was a countermeasure on the Latin script based Albanian alphabet which came out of the Congress of Manastir.

Debar
Debar (Macedonian: Дебaр [ˈdɛbar] ⓘ; Albanian: Dibër, Albanian definite form: Dibra or Dibra e Madhe) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, near the border with Albania, off the road from Struga to Gostivar. It is the seat of Debar Municipality. Debar has an ethnic Albanian majority and is North Macedonia's only city where ethnic Macedonians do not rank first or second demographically. The official languages are Macedonian and Albanian.
High-explosive anti-tank
High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) is the effect of a shaped charge explosive that uses the Munroe effect to penetrate heavy armor. The warhead functions by having an explosive charge collapse a metal liner inside the warhead into a high-velocity shaped charge jet; this is capable of penetrating armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge (charge diameters, CD). The shaped charge jet armor penetration effect is purely kinetic in nature; the round has no explosive or incendiary effect on the armor.

Unlike standard armor-piercing rounds, a HEAT warhead's penetration performance is unaffected by the projectile's velocity, allowing them to be fired by lower-powered weapons that generate less recoil.

The performance of HEAT weapons has nothing to do with thermal effects, with HEAT being simply an acronym.

Rifle grenade
A rifle grenade is a grenade that uses a rifle-based launcher to permit a longer effective range than would be possible if the grenade were thrown by hand.

The practice of projecting grenades with rifle-mounted launchers was first widely used during World War I and World War II and continues to the present, with the term "rifle grenade" now encompassing many different types of payloads including high explosive, fragmentation, anti-tank warheads, concussion, smoke, incendiary, and flare missiles.

Rifle grenades have largely been supplanted in the infantry fire support role by a combination of grenade launchers (typically affixed to rifles) and disposable anti-armor rockets.
Bellinsgauzen (crater)
Bellinsgauzen is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern part of Moon, on the far side from the Earth. It is attached to the northern rim of the larger crater Berlage, and within a half crater diameter of Cabannes to the west. North of Bellinsgauzen is the crater Bhabha.

The outer rim of Bellinsgauzen is worn but the general shape is still intact. There are small craters lying along the inside and attached to the exterior of the rim to the southeast. A pair of small craters are also attached to the outside of the west and northwest rim. The inner surface is marked by a number of tiny craterlets, particularly near the northern end. The interior floor is otherwise relatively featureless.

Berlage (crater)
Berlage is an old lunar impact crater that lies in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. The smaller crater Bellinsgauzen is attached to its northern rim, and Cabannes is less than one crater diameter to the northwest. To the east-northeast of Berlage is Lemaître.

This formation is unusual for the high density of small impact craters that lie across the interior and along the rim, especially in the northern half. The crater is heavily eroded, and the original features have been worn down with the passage of time. A combination of three small craters lie across the northern rim, at the eastern edge of the rim where Berlage is joined to Bellinsgauzen.
Honda RC211V
The Honda RC211V is a 990 cc (60 cu in) four-stroke race motorcycle from HRC (Honda Racing Corporation) developed in 2001 to replace the two-stroke Honda NSR500.

It was developed as a direct result of major changes to the regulations for the World Championship motorcycle road racing 500 cc (30.5 cu in) class  for the 2002 season. The name of the class was modified to MotoGP, and while two-stroke engines remained limited to 500 cc (30.5 cu in) and four cylinders, four-stroke engines were now allowed to be as large as 990 cc (60 cu in) and from three to six cylinders – which led many teams to switch to four-stroke designs.

The model name designates the following:

RC = Honda's traditional racing prefix for 4-stroke bikes

211 = first works bike of the 21st century

V = V engine

The RC211V was replaced in 2007 by the RC212V.

Sete Gibernau
Manuel "Sete" Gibernau Bultó (born 15 December 1972) is a Spanish former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer who is a 9-time 500cc/MotoGP race winner and a twice overall runner-up in 2003 and 2004. His racing career spans three different eras of motorcycle racing, beginning with the two-stroke-dominated period prior to the 2002 season, and the four-stroke MotoGP era. He returned to racing in 2019 to compete in the electric-powered MotoE World Cup. Gibernau was one of the top riders in Grand Prix racing at the beginning of the MotoGP era.
Latvian Provisional National Council
Latvian Provisional National Council (Latvian: Latviešu pagaidu nacionālā padome, LPNP) was a political organization established on November 29, 1917 (November 16 in the Julian calendar) in Valka, Governorate of Livonia by the Latvian Refugee Support Central Committee, Latvian political parties and representatives from the Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme and the Provisional Land Council of Latgale. Due to German army advances, the National Council also met in Petrograd, in secrecy from the new Bolshevik regime.

Courland Governorate
Courland Governorate, also known as the Province of Courland or Governorate of Kurland, and known from 1795 to 1796 as the Viceroyalty of Courland, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire. Its area roughly corresponded to Kurzeme, Zemgale and Sēlija of modern-day Latvia.
Remoteness in English law
In English law, remoteness between a cause of action and the loss or damage sustained as a result is addressed through a set of rules in both tort and contract, which limit the amount of compensatory damages available for a wrong.

In negligence, the test of causation not only requires that the defendant was the cause in fact, but also requires that the loss or damage sustained by the claimant was not too remote. As with the policy issues in establishing that there was a duty of care and that that duty was breached, remoteness is designed as a further limit on a cause of action to ensure that the liability to pay damages placed on the defendant is done fairly.

Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd, commonly known as Wagon Mound (No. 1), is a landmark tort law case, which imposed a remoteness rule for causation in negligence. The Privy Council held that a party can be held liable only for loss that was reasonably foreseeable.  Contributory negligence on the part of the dock owners was also relevant in the decision, and was essential to the outcome, although not central to this case's legal significance.

The Wagon Mound (No 1) should not be confused with the successor case of the Overseas Tankship v Miller Steamship or "Wagon Mound (No 2)", which concerned the standard of the reasonable man in breach of the duty of care.
Lamporecchio
Lamporecchio (Italian: [lampoˈrekkjo]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Pistoia, in the Italian region of Tuscany, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Florence and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) south of Pistoia, 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Montecatini Terme, and 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Vinci.

Lamporecchio is the birthplace of Francesco Berni, a poet. From here started its ascent as one of the most important noble families of Tuscany, the Rospigliosi, which later moved to Pistoia and Rome, reaching the papacy with Clement IX.

The town is known for the invention of brigidini, which are thin anise flavored wafers, and the berlingozzo, a typical Carnival cake.

Lamporecchio borders the following municipalities: Cerreto Guidi, Larciano, Quarrata, Serravalle Pistoiese, Vinci.

A frazione (hamlet) of Lamporecchio, called San Baronto, was chosen to be a part of 2013 UCI Road World Championships road race.

Cerreto Guidi
Cerreto Guidi is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Florence.

Cerreto Guidi borders the following municipalities: Empoli, Fucecchio, Lamporecchio, Larciano, San Miniato, Vinci.
Penzadieselmash
Penzadieselmash (Penza diesel plant) is a Russian industrial enterprise, manufacturing diesel engines and diesel generators both for locomotives and ships and related products. It was founded in 1948 and is now (2015) part of the Transmashholding group.

Transmashholding
CJSC Transmashholding (Russian: Трансмашхолдинг) is the largest manufacturer of locomotives and rail equipment in Russia, and after merging with LocoTech service, the fourth largest engineering company in the field of transport technology globally.

The company includes 14 engineering and production sites in Russia and one production and engineering site in Germany as well as investments in Argentina.
WUSZ
WUSZ (99.9 FM "Radio USA") is a commercial radio station licensed to Virginia, Minnesota, and serving the Iron Range region.  It is owned by Midwest Communications and it airs a country radio format.  The studios and offices are on West 37th Street in Hibbing.  It is co-located with its Midwest Communications sister stations: KDAH, KQDX, WDKE, WEVE-FM, WMFG and WTBX.

WUSZ is a Class C1 station.  It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations.

WMFG (AM)
WMFG (1240 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting an adult standards format. Licensed to Hibbing, Minnesota, United States, the station serves the Iron Range area. The station is owned by Midwest Communications and features programming from Westwood One.

Midwest owns five radio stations on the Iron Range; KDAH, KQDX, WMFG, WTBX, and WUSZ. All five stations share the same studio location on W. 37th Street in Hibbing.
Holmavatnet (Kvam)
Holmavatnet is a lake in Kvam Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the north side of Kvamskogen, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the municipal centre of Norheimsund. The western end of the lake is dammed for purposes of hydroelectric power generation.

Kvam Municipality
Kvam is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The municipality is located along the Hardangerfjorden in the traditional district of Hardanger. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Norheimsund. Other larger settlements in the municipality include Øystese, Strandebarm, Ålvik, Tørvikbygd, Omastranda, Vikedal, Vikøy, and Mundheim. Historically, it was named Vikør Municipality.

The 616.95-square-kilometre (238.21 sq mi) municipality is the 187th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Kvam Municipality is the 129th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,517. The municipality's population density is 13.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (36/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.
Amelia Earhart Memorial Bridge
The Amelia Earhart Memorial Bridge is a network tied arch bridge over the Missouri River on U.S. Route 59 between Atchison, Kansas and Buchanan County, Missouri.  It opened in December 2012, replacing a previous truss bridge with the same name.

The bridge is decorated with LED lighting which can be programmed to change for various functions.  Pictures of the bridge with its arch lights in red, white, blue giving the illusion of a fluttering American flag when reflected in the Missouri River is widely circulated in social media.

U.S. Route 59
U.S. Route 59 (US 59) is a north–south U.S. highway (though it was signed east–west in parts of Texas).  A latecomer to the U.S. Highway System, US 59 is now a border-to-border route, part of the NAFTA Corridor Highway System.  It parallels US 75 for nearly its entire route, never much more than 100 miles (160 km) away, until it veers southwest in Houston, Texas. Its number is out of place since US 59 is either concurrent with or entirely west of US 71. US 59 also goes into St Joseph seeing I-229 and I-29. The highway's northern terminus is nine miles (14 km) north of Lancaster, Minnesota, at the Lancaster–Tolstoi Border Crossing on the Canadian border, where it continues as Manitoba Highway 59. Its southern terminus is at the Mexican border in Laredo, Texas, where it continues as Mexican Federal Highway 85D.
Barkerville
Barkerville was the main town of the Cariboo Gold Rush in British Columbia, Canada, and is preserved as a historic town. It is located on the north slope of the Cariboo Plateau near the Cariboo Mountains 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of Quesnel. BC Highway 26, which follows the route of the Cariboo Wagon Road, the original access to Barkerville, goes through it.

Cariboo Gold Rush
The Cariboo Gold Rush was a gold rush in the Colony of British Columbia, which later became the Canadian province of British Columbia. The first gold discovery was made at Hills Bar in 1858, followed by more strikes in 1859 on the Horsefly River, and on Keithley Creek and Antler Creek in 1860. The actual rush did not begin until 1861, when these discoveries were widely publicized. By 1865, following the strikes along Williams Creek, the rush was in full swing.

Towns grew up, the most famous of these being Barkerville, now preserved as a heritage site and tourist attraction. Other important towns of the Cariboo gold rush era were Keithley Creek, Quesnel Forks or simply "the Forks", Antler, Richfield, Quesnellemouthe (which would later be shortened to Quesnel), Horsefly and, around the site of the Hudson's Bay Company's fort of the same name, Alexandria.
Bisham
Bisham /ˈbɪsəm/ is a village and civil parish in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. The village is on the River Thames, around one mile (1.6 km) south of Marlow in the neighbouring county of Buckinghamshire, and around three miles (5 km) northwest of Maidenhead. At the 2011 Census, the population of the parish was 1,099, down from 1,149 at the 2001 Census. Bisham is home to one of Sport England's National Sports Centres.

Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.
The Side Deal
The Side Deal is an American band from Newport Beach, California. The band was formed in 2017 by Grammy winning artist Charlie Colin of Train, Stan Frazier of Sugar Ray and brothers Joel and Scott Owen of The PawnShop kings.  Side Deal performed live with other notable artists such as Jeff “Skunk” Baxter of The Doobie Brothers, Steely Dan and Alice Cooper.

Charlie Colin
Charlie Colin (November 22, 1966 – c. May 17, 2024) was an American musician. He was the bassist for the rock band Train, of which he was a founding member. He also played guitar and provided background vocals for many other bands after his departure from the group in 2003.
L 4
L 4 (factory number LZ 27) was an M-class Zeppelin constructed by Luftschiffbau Zeppelin in Friedrichshafen for the Imperial German Navy. It made its maiden flight on 18 August 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I. Operating from its base in Fuhlsbüttel, L 4—alongside L 3 (LZ 24)—carried out the first air raid on England during the war, bombing coastal towns in Norfolk on 19 January 1915.

On 17 February 1915, during a reconnaissance mission over the North Sea, L 4 encountered a snowstorm from the south and was forced to make an emergency landing in neutral Denmark. Eleven crew members escaped at Børsmose Beach, but the airship ascended again with four mechanics still aboard and subsequently vanished over the sea. All four were presumed drowned, marking the first fatalities in the Imperial German Navy's airship division.

Incendiary device
Incendiary weapons, incendiary devices, incendiary munitions, or incendiary bombs are weapons designed to start fires. They may destroy structures or sensitive equipment using fire, and sometimes operate as anti-personnel weaponry. Incendiaries utilize materials such as napalm, thermite, magnesium powder, chlorine trifluoride, or white phosphorus. Though colloquially often called "bombs", they are not explosives but in fact operate to slow the process of chemical reactions and use ignition rather than detonation to start or maintain the reaction. Napalm, for example, is petroleum especially thickened with certain chemicals into a gel to slow, but not stop, combustion, releasing energy over a longer time than an explosive device. In the case of napalm, the gel adheres to surfaces and resists suppression.