hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vulkanland Eifel Geopark
The Vulkanland Eifel Geopark (German: Geopark Vulkanland Eifel) is a German national geopark in the Volcanic Eifel region that was established on 19 April 2005. Covering an area of 2,200 km2, the geopark extends from the Belgian border in the west over the Eifel mountains to the River Rhine in the east. The countryside here which has been shaped by the volcanism of the past contains numerous maars, cinder cones, lava flows lava domes calderas and bubbling springs. The largest caldera was formed by the Laacher See volcano that last erupted about 13,000 years ago. A sign of continuing volcanic activity in this region are the volcanic gases that are still visibly being discharged into the atmosphere.

Eifel
The Eifel (German: [ˈaɪfl̩] ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Äifel, pronounced [ˈæːɪ̯fəl]) is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.

The Eifel is part of the Rhenish Massif; within its northern portions lies the Eifel National Park. The Eifelian stage in geological history is named after the region because rocks of that period reach the surface in the Eifel at the Wetteldorf Richtschnitt outcrop.

The inhabitants of the Eifel are known as Eiflers or Eifelers.
Onda Cero
Onda Cero is a Spanish national generalist radio station, a part of the Atresmedia media group. It is Spain's third-largest radio station by number of listeners as of 2024.

Among its programs are Más de Uno, Julia en la Onda, La Brújula, El Transistor, Por Fin no es Lunes (with Jaime Cantizano and América Valenzuela), and Radioestadio.

The station started broadcasting on 26 November 1990. It 1999, it was acquired by Telefónica from ONCE.

In 2001, it was acquired by Antena 3 from Telefónica.

Atresmedia
40°33′18″N 3°37′05″W﻿ / ﻿40.555°N 3.618°W﻿ / 40.555; -3.618

Atresmedia Corporación de Medios de Comunicación, S.A., previously Grupo Antena 3, is a Spanish media group, present in the television, radio and filmmaking industries. Significant shareholders include Grupo Planeta and Bertelsmann via RTL Group.

On 6 March 2013, Grupo Antena 3 was renamed Atresmedia, thereby Antena 3 de Televisión changed to Atresmedia Televisión.
English compound
A compound is a word composed of more than one free morpheme.  The English language, like many others, uses compounds frequently. English compounds may be classified in several ways, such as the word classes or the semantic relationship of their components.

Sanskrit compound
Sanskrit inherits from its parent, the Proto-Indo-European language, the capability of forming compound nouns, also widely seen in kindred languages, especially German, Greek, and English.

However, Sanskrit, especially in the later stages of the language, significantly expands on this both in terms of the number of elements making up a single compound and the volume of compound usage in the literature, a development which is unique within Indo-European to Sanskrit and closely related languages.

Further, this development in the later language is an entirely artificial, literary construct and does not reflect the spoken language.
Micah Maʻa
Micah Kupono Maʻa (/ˈmɑːʔɑː/; born April 16, 1997) is an American professional volleyball player who plays as a setter for Fakel Novy Urengoy and the U.S. national team. He won a bronze medal at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games.

2018 NCAA men's volleyball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Men's National Collegiate Volleyball Tournament was the 49th annual tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I and Division II men's collegiate indoor volleyball. The single-elimination tournament began on April 26 with a play-in match, with the remainder of the tournament hosted by UCLA from May 1–5 at Pauley Pavilion in Los Angeles. Long Beach State became the Champions for the second time in school history with a 5-set victory over UCLA.
Erdaobaihe
Erdaobaihe is a town in Antu County, Yanbian, Jilin, China. Erdaobaihe is subdivided into Hongfeng Village, Anbei Village, Changsheng Village, Tiebei Village, Toudaobaihe Village, Changbai Village, Baoma Village and Naitoushan Village. The town had a population of 4,791 in 2020. Erdaobaihe's economy is reliant on tourism as it is next to Changbai Mountain.

Unlike most other towns in China, it administers only the built up area, with the surrounding villages being administered directly by Antu County. The forest areas surrounding the town are administered by the Changbai Mountain Management Committee and by the Baihe Forestry Bureau.

Antu County
Antu County (simplified Chinese: 安图县; traditional Chinese: 安圖縣; pinyin: Āntú Xiàn; Chosŏn'gŭl: 안도현; Hangul: 안투현) is a county of southeastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It is under the administration of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. Antu is home to Korean and Manchu minorities. In 2020 it had a population of 195,000, of which 17.9% Koreans. It has a border crossing with North Korea at Shuangmufeng (双目峰).
Bar Council of Kerala
Bar Council of Kerala is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practicing law in the Indian state of Kerala. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, S. R. Das as head of the 'All India Bar Committee', proposed the creation of the apex body as an All-India Bar Council and  Bar council at state levels and submitted a report to the Central Government of India.  Members of the Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers practicing law in the state of Kerala and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has the power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Hurwitz quaternion
In mathematics, a Hurwitz quaternion (or Hurwitz integer) is a quaternion whose components are either all integers or all half-integers (halves of odd integers; a mixture of integers and half-integers is excluded). The set of all Hurwitz quaternions is

That is, either a, b, c, d are all integers, or they are all half-integers.
H is closed under quaternion multiplication and addition, which makes it a subring of the ring of all quaternions H. Hurwitz quaternions were introduced by Adolf Hurwitz (1919).

A Lipschitz quaternion (or Lipschitz integer; named after Rudolf Lipschitz) is a quaternion whose components are all integers. The set of all Lipschitz quaternions

forms a subring of the Hurwitz quaternions H. Hurwitz integers have the advantage over Lipschitz integers that it is possible to perform Euclidean division on them, obtaining a small remainder.

Both the Hurwitz and Lipschitz quaternions are examples of noncommutative domains which are not division rings.

F4 (mathematics)
In mathematics, F4 is a Lie group and also its Lie algebra f4. It is one of the five exceptional simple Lie groups. F4 has rank 4 and dimension 52. The compact form is simply connected and its outer automorphism group is the trivial group. Its fundamental representation is 26-dimensional.

The compact real form of F4 is the isometry group of a 16-dimensional Riemannian manifold known as the octonionic projective plane OP2.  This can be seen systematically using a construction known as the magic square, due to Hans Freudenthal and Jacques Tits.

There are 3 real forms: a compact one, a split one, and a third one.  They are the isometry groups of the three real Albert algebras.

The F4 Lie algebra may be constructed by adding 16 generators transforming as a spinor to the 36-dimensional Lie algebra so(9), in analogy with the construction of E8.

In older books and papers, F4 is sometimes denoted by E4.
Glossary of representation theory
This is a glossary of representation theory in mathematics.

The term "module" is often used synonymously for a representation; for the module-theoretic terminology, see also glossary of module theory.

See also Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras, list of representation theory topics and Category:Representation theory.

Notations: We write . Thus, for example, a one-representation (i.e., a character) of a group G is of the form .

Glossary of Lie groups and Lie algebras
This is a glossary for the terminology applied in the mathematical theories of Lie groups and Lie algebras. For the topics in the representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, see Glossary of representation theory. Because of the lack of other options, the glossary also includes some generalizations such as quantum group.

Notations:

Throughout the glossary,  denotes the inner product of a Euclidean space E and  denotes the rescaled inner product
Černé jezero
Černé jezero (German: Schwarzer See, meaning "Black Lake") in the Bohemian Forest is the largest and deepest natural lake in the Czech Republic.

This triangular lake surrounded with spruce forest is located about 6 km northwest of Železná Ruda under a 300-metre-high cliff on Jezerní hora (1,343 m). It is of glacial origin, a product of the Würm glaciation. The water in the lake is oligotrophic. There is a natural outflow through Černý potok, a short stream which is a tributary of the Úhlava River. The main European water divide runs across the mountain just above the lake. As a consequence, Černé jezero belongs to the water basin of the Elbe, which finds the North Sea, while Čertovo jezero just 2 km away drains into the Danube and thence the Black Sea.

The oldest pumped-storage hydroelectric plant in the Czech Republic (built 1929-1930) is located here; the lake serves as its upper reservoir.

Úhlava
The Úhlava (German: Angel) is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Radbuza River. It flows through the Plzeň Region to the city of Plzeň. It is 104.0 km (64.6 mi) long, making it the 19th longest river in the Czech Republic.
Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard
Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard (Spanish: Vanguardia Democrática Guatemalteca) was a left-wing group in Guatemala. The VDG was founded on 28 September 1947 by a faction of the Revolutionary Action Party (PAR). The leader of the VDG was José Manuel Fortuny. The group had Marxist inspiration, and operated a semi-clandestine fashion. It supported urban and rural labour movements.

In 1949, the VDG broke with the PAR and constituted the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG).

Guatemalan Party of Labour
The Guatemalan Labour Party (Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo) was a Marxist-Leninist party in Guatemala. It existed from 1949 to 1998. It gained prominence during the government of Jacobo Arbenz. It was one of the main forces of opposition to the various regimes that followed Arbenz's overthrow, and later became a constituent of the URNG guerrilla coalition during the later phase of the country's Civil War.
Ijima's leaf warbler
Ijima's leaf warbler (Phylloscopus ijimae) (also known as Izu leaf warbler, Ijima's willow warbler or Ijima's warbler) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. The species is native to Japan, where it has been designated a Natural Monument under the 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties, with records also from Taiwan and the Philippines.

Leaf warbler
Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.

Leaf warblers were formerly included in the Old World warbler family but are now considered to belong to the family Phylloscopidae, introduced in 2006. The family originally included the genus Seicercus, but all species have been moved to Phylloscopus in the most recent classification. Leaf warblers are active, constantly moving, often flicking their wings as they glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters. Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warblers", their songs are very simple. Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory.
Benigno Fitial
Benigno Repeki Fitial (born November 27, 1945) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who served as the seventh governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from January 4, 2006 until his resignation on February 20, 2013.

Fitial was the first elected governor of Carolinian descent in the United States generally and the Northern Mariana Islands specifically. The second longest-serving governor in CNMI history, he was also the first territorial governor to be impeached. He resigned less than two weeks after his impeachment, on February 20, 2013, after 7 years, 1 month, and 11 days in office.

During his political and business career, Fitial was a prominent figure in the advancement and maintenance of the exploitative practices of the then-luxurative garment industry in the Commonwealth including the mistreatment of foreign workers and an opponent of the “federalization” of the then locally controlled immigration system.

Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)
The CNMI Republican Party is a political party in the Northern Mariana Islands. The Northern Mariana Islands Republican Party is now associated with the United States Republican Party though no Northern Mariana Islands politicians have achieved high-ranking positions in the mainland United States.
Science Citation Index Expanded
The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) is a citation index owned by Clarivate and previously by Thomson Reuters. It was created by Eugene Garfield at the Institute for Scientific Information, launched in 1964 as Science Citation Index (SCI). It was later distributed via CD/DVD and became available online in 1997, when it acquired the current name.

The indexing database covers more than 9,200 notable and significant journals, across 178 disciplines, from 1900 to the present. These are alternatively described as the world's leading journals of science and technology, because of a rigorous selection process.

Clarivate
Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business and market intelligence, and competitive profiling for pharmacy and biotech, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection. Clarivate calculates the impact factor of scientific journals, using data from its Web of Science product family, that also includes services and applications such as Publons, EndNote, and EndNote Click. Its other product families are Cortellis, DRG, CPA Global, Derwent, CompuMark, and Darts-ip, and also the various ProQuest products and services.

Clarivate was formed in 2016, following the acquisition of Thomson Reuters' Intellectual Property and Science business by Onex Corporation and Baring Private Equity Asia. Clarivate has acquired various companies since then, including, notably, ProQuest in 2021.
DE postcode area
The DE postcode area, also known as the Derby postcode area, is a group of 23 postcode districts in central England, within 11 post towns. These cover south and central Derbyshire (including Derby, Alfreton, Ashbourne, Bakewell, Belper, Heanor, Ilkeston, Matlock, Ripley and Swadlincote), parts of east Staffordshire (including Burton upon Trent) and north-west Leicestershire, and very small parts of Nottinghamshire.

Mail for the DE postcode area is processed at Nottingham Mail Centre, along with mail for the NG postcode area.

NG postcode area
The NG postcode area, also known as the Nottingham postcode area, is a group of 29 postcode districts in the East Midlands of England, within seven post towns. These cover southern and central Nottinghamshire (including Nottingham, Mansfield, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Newark-on-Trent and Southwell), parts of south-west Lincolnshire (including Grantham and Sleaford) and small parts of Derbyshire and Leicestershire. The NG postcode area is one of six with a population above 1 million.

Mail for the NG postcode area is processed at Nottingham Mail Centre, along with mail for the DE postcode area.
Back-of-the-envelope calculation
A back-of-the-envelope calculation is a rough calculation, typically jotted down on any available scrap of paper such as an envelope. It is more than a guess but less than an accurate calculation or mathematical proof. The defining characteristic of back-of-the-envelope calculations is the use of simplified assumptions.

A similar phrase in the U.S. is "back of a napkin", also used in the business world to describe sketching out a quick, rough idea of a business or product. In British English, a similar idiom is "back of a fag packet".

Fermi problem
A Fermi problem (or Fermi question, Fermi quiz), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem, is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations. Fermi problems are usually back-of-the-envelope calculations. Fermi problems typically involve making justified guesses about quantities and their variance or lower and upper bounds. In some cases, order-of-magnitude estimates can also be derived using dimensional analysis. A Fermi estimate (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation) is an estimate of an extreme scientific calculation.
William Le Queux
William Tufnell Le Queux (/ləˈkjuː/ lə-KYOO, French: [ləkø]; 2 July 1864 – 13 October 1927) was a French-English journalist and writer. He was also a diplomat (honorary consul for San Marino), a traveller (in Europe, the Balkans and North Africa), a flying buff who officiated at the first British air meeting at Doncaster in 1909, and a wireless pioneer who broadcast music from his own station long before radio was generally available; his claims regarding his own abilities and exploits, however, were usually exaggerated. His best-known works are the anti-French and anti-Russian invasion fantasy The Great War in England in 1897 (1894) and the anti-German invasion fantasy The Invasion of 1910 (1906), the latter becoming a bestseller.

The Great War in England in 1897
The Great War in England in 1897 was written by William Le Queux and published in 1894.

Le Queux's work is an early example of Invasion literature genre, which began with The Battle of Dorking in 1871, where the British are soundly defeated by an invading German army. The Battle of Dorking was written by army veteran George Tomkyns Chesney, originally as a warning against the further demobilisation of the British armed forces.: 3

It was first serialised in the weekly paper Answers. It was a huge success, and after being published as a book, it went through eight editions.: 496–497
Ministry of Information and Tourism
The Ministry of Information and Tourism (Spanish: Ministerio de Información y Turismo) was a ministerial department of the Government of Spain created in 1951 during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco to control information and the censorship of press and radio. The ministry also assumed the management of Tourism, an important industry at that time when it had an important flowering. In historiography, some authors consider it as a simple Ministry of Propaganda.

Ministry of propaganda
A ministry of propaganda also known as agency, bureau or department of propaganda is the part of a government charged with generating and distributing propaganda.

Though governments routinely engage in propaganda, ministries or departments with the word "propaganda" in their name have become progressively rarer since the end of World War II, after the term took on its present negative connotation. Instead of using the word "propaganda", governments today often use the terms "public relations", "psychological operations", "education", "advertising", or simply "information".
Chibikko Kaiju Yadamon
Chibikko Kaiju Yadamon (ちびっこ怪獣ヤダモン; "Little Monster Yadamon") is a Japanese black-and-white anime series created by Ushio Souji, an alias of Tomio Sagisu. Yadamon is also famous for its manga adaptation, which was the second professional work of Go Nagai.

Go Nagai
Kiyoshi Nagai (永井潔, Nagai Kiyoshi; born September 6, 1945), better known by the pen name Go Nagai (永井 豪, Nagai Gō), is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror, and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with Meakashi Polikichi, but is best known for creating popular 1970s manga and anime series such as Cutie Honey, Devilman, and Mazinger Z. He is credited with creating the super robot genre; designing the first mecha robots piloted by a user from within a cockpit with Mazinger Z; as well as helping pioneer the magical girl genre with Cutie Honey; the post-apocalyptic manga/anime genre with Violence Jack; and the ecchi genre with Harenchi Gakuen. In 2005, he became a Character Design professor at the Osaka University of Arts. He has been a member of the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize's nominating committee since 2009.
Meridian Brothers
Meridian Brothers is an experimental band led by classically trained Colombian musician Eblis Álvarez, who founded it as a solo project in Bogotá in 1998. The group mix electronic and avant-garde music with traditional Colombian music styles, particularly cumbia, vallenato, and salsa.

Soundway Records
Soundway Records is a British, London-based independent record label, founded and run by English DJ and music producer Miles Cleret. Since its initial release of a collection of Ghanaian music in 2002, it has released compilation albums of African, Caribbean, Latin, and Asian music from the 1950s to 1980s.
Petrovice (Prague)
Prague-Petrovice (German: Petrowitz) is a municipal district of Prague, Czech Republic. Petrovice is located in the southeastern part of the city. Petrovice is an independent municipality with its own city hall and city assembly. It is part of the Prague 15 administrative district. It has about 5,700 inhabitants. Petrovice used to be a village founded in the 13th century, while today it is an integrated part of Prague. There is a chateau here as well.

Prague 15
Prague 15 is a municipal district (městská část) in Prague, Czech Republic. It is located in the south eastern part.

The administrative district (správní obvod) of the same name comprises municipal districts Prague 15, Horní Měcholupy, Dolní Měcholupy, Dubeč, Petrovice and Štěrboholy.
Roffia
Roffia is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of San Miniato, province of Pisa. 
It is located along the southern banks of the Arno river, about 4 km from the municipal center of San Miniato and about 50 km from Pisa. Near the hamlet there is a lake (Roffia Lake) which was formed following the various floods of the Arno in the 14th and 15th century. In the 1980s, a recovery plan began for the transformation of the lake area into a specialized river park for canoeing competitions and for international rowing.

At the time of the 2001 census its population was 232.

San Miniato
San Miniato is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Pisa, in the region of Tuscany, Italy.

San Miniato sits at a historically strategic location atop three small hills where it dominates the lower Arno valley, between the valleys of the Egola and Elsa rivers. It used to carry the additional sobriquet al Tedesco ("to the German") to distinguish it from the convent of San Miniato al Monte in Florence, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northeast.