hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tulane European and Civil Law Forum
The Tulane European & Civil Law is a predominantly faculty-run law journal published out of the Tulane University Law School.  The Journal's Board of Contributing Editors is made up of 51 scholars from ten European countries and the United States.

Tulane University School of Law
The Tulane University School of Law is the law school of Tulane University. It is located on Tulane's Uptown campus in New Orleans, Louisiana. Established in 1847, it is the 12th oldest law school in the United States.
Haar measure
In mathematical analysis, the Haar measure assigns an "invariant volume" to subsets of locally compact topological groups, consequently defining an integral for functions on those groups.

This measure was introduced by Alfréd Haar in 1933, though its special case for Lie groups had been introduced by Adolf Hurwitz in 1897 under the name "invariant integral". Haar measures are used in many parts of analysis, number theory, group theory, representation theory, statistics, probability theory, and ergodic theory.

Positive real numbers
In mathematics, the set of positive real numbers,  is the subset of those real numbers that are greater than zero. The non-negative real numbers,  also include zero. Although the symbols  and  are ambiguously used for either of these, the notation  or  for  and  or  for  has also been widely employed, is aligned with the practice in algebra of denoting the exclusion of the zero element with a star, and should be understandable to most practicing mathematicians.

In a complex plane,  is identified with the positive real axis (or positive real half-axis), and is usually drawn as a horizontal ray. This ray is used as reference in the polar form of a complex number. The real positive axis corresponds to complex numbers  with argument
Gwapyeon
Gwapyeon (Korean: 과편) is a jelly-like hangwa (traditional Korean confection) made with fruits. The colorful fruit jelly is commonly served at banquets. This classic dessert was served in the royal court during the Joseon dynasty.

Hangwa
Hangwa (Korean: 한과) is a general term for traditional Korean confections. With tteok (rice cakes), hangwa forms the sweet food category in Korean cuisine. Common ingredients of hangwa include grain flour, fruits and roots, sweet ingredients such as honey and yeot, and spices such as cinnamon and ginger.
Vellanakalude Nadu
Vellanakalude Nadu (transl. The land of white elephants) is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language political satire crime film directed by Priyadarshan, written by Sreenivasan and produced by Maniyanpilla Raju. The film stars Mohanlal, Shobhana, Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair, M. G. Soman, Sreenivasan, Karamana Janardanan Nair, Maniyanpilla Raju, Sukumari, K. P. A. C. Lalitha and Lizy. The film tells the story of contractor C. Pavithran who has obtained a road contract. This film was a critical and commercial success. Priyadarshan later remade the film in Hindi as Khatta Meeta, released in 2010.

Maniyanpilla Raju
Sudheer Kumar (born 20 April 1955), better known by his stage name Maniyanpilla Raju (Malayalam: മണിയൻപിള്ള രാജു), is an Indian actor and producer who works in Malayalam film industry. His debut film was Mohiniyaattam in 1976. He has played a variety of roles as a character actor, appearing in over 400 films. His stage name was derived from the character he played in the film Maniyanpilla Adhava Maniyanpilla (1981), his break-through role.
Olallieberry
The olallieberry (/ˈoʊləliˌbɛri/ OH-lə-lee-berr-ee), sometimes spelled ollalieberry, olallaberry, olalliberry, ollalaberry or ollaliberry,
is the marketing name for the 'Olallie' blackberry released by the USDA-ARS (in collaboration with Oregon State University). The berry was a selection from a cross between the 'Black Logan' (syn. 'Mammoth'), developed by Judge James Logan in California, and the youngberry, which was developed by Byrnes M. Young in Louisiana.

According to Judge Logan, 'Black Logan' was a cross between the eastern blackberry 'Crandall' and the western dewberry 'Aughinbaugh'. 'Youngberry' was from 'Phenomenal' x 'Austin Mayes'. 'Phenomenal' in turn is a cross of the 'Aughinbaugh' western dewberry and 'Cuthbert' red raspberry and so has a similar background to Logan's 'Loganberry' because it shares a parent.

Raspberry
The raspberry is the edible fruit of several plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus. The name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems.

World production of raspberries in 2023 was 940,979 tonnes, led by Russia with 23% of the total. Raspberries are cultivated across northern Europe and North America and are consumed in various ways, including as whole fruit and in preserves, cakes, pastries, ice cream, and liqueurs.
Axiom of constructibility
The axiom of constructibility is a possible axiom for set theory in mathematics that asserts that every set is constructible. The axiom is usually written as V = L, where V represents the von Neumann universe of all well-founded sets, and L represents the constructible sets. In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF), the property of being constructible is expressible as a single formula , and every set is in V, so the axiom can be written in the language of ZF in the form .

The axiom of constructibility, first investigated by Kurt Gödel, is inconsistent with the proposition that zero sharp exists and stronger large cardinal axioms (see list of large cardinal properties). Generalizations of this axiom are explored in inner model theory.

Analytical hierarchy
In mathematical logic and descriptive set theory, the analytical hierarchy is an extension of the arithmetical hierarchy. The analytical hierarchy of formulas includes formulas in the language of second-order arithmetic, which can have quantifiers over both the set of natural numbers, , and over functions from  to . The analytical hierarchy of sets classifies sets by the formulas that can be used to define them; it is the lightface version of the projective hierarchy.
Charles Correll (director)
Charles Correll Jr. (January 23, 1944 – June 4, 2004) was an American television director and cinematographer. The son of Charles Correll Sr. of the sitcom Amos & Andy, his brother is Richard Correll, a former child actor and later a television director.

Rich Correll
Richard Thomas Correll (born May 14, 1948) is an American television actor, director, writer, and producer. After working as an actor during his childhood and teenage years, he transitioned to directing in the 1990s, and he has gone on to direct episodes for series such as That's So Raven, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Hannah Montana, Cory in the House, The Suite Life on Deck, I'm in the Band, How to Rock, A.N.T. Farm, Jessie, Austin & Ally, Liv and Maddie, K.C. Undercover, Bunk'd, and Raven's Home. Correll also co-created Hannah Montana, alongside Michael Poryes and Barry O'Brien.
Maglić (mountain)
Maglić (Serbian Cyrillic: Маглић, pronounced [mǎɡliːtɕ]) is a transboundary mountain in the Dinaric Alps, on the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.

Its highest peak has an elevation of 2,388 m (7,835 ft) and is located in Montenegro. The second, its twin, is the more visited of the two and has an elevation of 2,386 m (7,828 ft). It is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina and is the highest peak of the country. The mountain is oriented in a northwest–southeast direction.

Piva (Drina)
The Piva (Cyrillic: Пива, pronounced [pîʋa]) is a river in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The river runs through Montenegro for most of its course length, and in its last three kilometres marks the border between the two countries.
Vadnagar
Vadnagar is a town and municipality in the Mehsana district of the state of Gujarat in India. It is located 35 km (22 mi) from Mehsana. Its ancient names include Anartapura (the capital of Anarta) and Anandapura. It was a location visited by Xuanzang in 640 C.E. The founder and the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Alexander Cunningham, had identified Anandapura with the town of Vadnagar. Vadnagar is also the birthplace of Narendra Modi, the current Prime Minister of India.

Anarta
Anarta (Sanskrit: आनर्त, Ānarta) was an ancient Indian region which corresponded to the present-day North Saurashtra to North Gujarat regions in Gujarat state of India. Several ancient inscriptions and literary sources mention a town called Anartapura or Anandapura, which is identified as the area in and around the present-day Vadnagar.
FAMAS
The FAMAS (French: Fusil d'Assaut de la Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Étienne, lit. 'Assault rifle from the Saint-Étienne Weapon Factory') is a bullpup assault rifle designed and manufactured in France by MAS in 1978.

Beginning in 2017, the FAMAS was replaced in most frontline units in the French Army by the HK416F, and the FAMAS is expected to remain in limited service until 2028.

5.56×45mm NATO
The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO, commonly pronounced "five-five-six") is a rimless bottlenecked centerfire intermediate cartridge family developed in the late 1970s in Belgium by FN Herstal. It consists of the SS109, L110, and SS111 cartridges. On 28 October 1980, under STANAG 4172, it was standardized as the second standard service rifle cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. Though they are not identical, the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge family was derived from the .223 Remington cartridge designed by Remington Arms in the early 1960s, which has a near-identical case. However, firing chamber dimensions differ slightly between rifles manufactured for the designated cartridges. The differences may cause unsafe chamber pressures when firing 5.56 NATO in rifles designed for .223 Remington. Therefore, this combination is not recommended.
Church Street Bridge
The Church Street Bridge is an historic road arch bridge over the Yarra River and the Monash Freeway in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It links Church Street in Richmond on the north bank with Chapel Street in South Yarra on the south.

Chapel Street, Melbourne
Chapel Street is a street in Melbourne, Victoria, running along the inner suburbs of South Yarra, Prahran, Windsor, St Kilda and St Kilda East. The street is particularly known for its shopping strip between Toorak Road and Dandenong Road, which is lined with historic shop buildings including a number of large former department stores. A number of other shopping strips also run off Chapel Street itself.
Brazil–Colombia border
The border between Brazil and Colombia is 1,644.2 km (1,021.7 mi) long. The boundary was delimited in two treaties:

the Vásquez Cobo-Martins treaty of 1907, establishing the line from the Rio Negro northwestward along the Amazon River-Orinoco watershed divide, "then generally southward along various river courses and straight-line segments to the mouth of the Apaporis River", and

the Tratado de Límites y Navegación Fluvial of 1928, delimiting the Apaporis-Amazon segment of the boundary as a "geodesic line identical to its Brazilian-Peruvian antecedent after Colombia gained undisputed sovereignty over the area".

Vásquez Cobo–Martins treaty
The Vásquez Cobo–Martins treaty, also known as Treaty of Bogotá, was a treaty between Brazil and Colombia denoting the Brazil–Colombia border; It was signed in Bogotá by their respective representatives, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia, Alfredo Vásquez Cobo, and the Resident Minister on Special Mission to Colombia, Enéas Martins. It was ratified by Colombia by means of Law 97 of 1907 and the Exchange of Ratifications took place on 20 April 1908 in Rio de Janeiro. The treaty established the border from the Rio Negro northwestward along the Amazon River-Orinoco watershed divide, "then generally southward along various river courses and straight-line segments to the mouth of the Apaporis River"
Athlone
Athlone (/æθˈloʊn/; Irish: Baile Átha Luain, meaning 'The town of Luan's ford' [ˌbʲlʲɑː ˈl̪ˠuənʲ]) is a town on the border of County Roscommon and County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree. It is the second most populous town in the Midlands Region with a population of 22,869 in the 2022 census.

Most of the town lies on the east bank of the river, within the townland of the same name; however, by the terms of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, six townlands on the west bank of the Shannon, formerly in County Roscommon, were incorporated into the town, and consequently, into the county of Westmeath.

Around 100 km west of Dublin, Athlone is near the geographical centre of Ireland.

Moate
Moate (/moʊt/; Irish: An Móta) is a town in County Westmeath, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, it had a population of 3,013.

The town's Irish name, An Móta, is derived from the term motte-and-bailey, as the Normans built an example of this type of fortification here. The earthwork is still visible behind the buildings on the main street.

The town later became an important marketplace and Quaker village. It made the town more wealthy than equivalent towns in Leinster. There are several extant examples of Quaker houses on the main street, which itself is typical of an Irish marketplace.
Governor Greene Cemetery
The Governor Greene Cemetery, frequently called the Governor Greene Lot, is designated as Rhode Island Historical Cemetery, Warwick, #40, and is a late colonial cemetery located in Warwick, Rhode Island near the East Greenwich town line.  It is a family cemetery with the graves of two Rhode Island governors (father and son), and other prominent politicians who are related to them.

William Greene (colonial governor)
William Greene Sr. (16 March 1695 – 23 January 1758) was a governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a clerk of the county court in Providence, deputy from Warwick, speaker of the Rhode Island Assembly, and then deputy governor from 1740 to 1743.  He became governor for the first time in 1743 and served four separate terms for a total of 11 years, and died while in office during his final term.
Farming Township, Stearns County, Minnesota
Farming Township is a township in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 987 at the 2010 census.

Farming Township was organized in 1873, and named for the fact a large share of the first settlers engaged in farming.

Stearns County, Minnesota
Stearns County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,292. Its county seat and largest city is St. Cloud.

Included within the Minnesota Territory since 1849, the county was founded by European Americans in 1855. It was originally named for Isaac Ingalls Stevens, then renamed for Charles Thomas Stearns. Stearns County is part of the St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul Combined Statistical Area.
5083 aluminium alloy
5083 aluminium alloy is an aluminium–magnesium alloy with magnesium and traces of manganese and chromium. It is highly resistant to attack by seawater and industrial chemicals.

Alloy 5083 retains exceptional strength after welding. It has the highest strength of the non-heat treatable alloys with an Ultimate Tensile Strength of 317 MPa or 46000 psi and a Tensile Yield Strength of 228 MPa or 33000 psi. It is not recommended for use in temperatures in excess of 65 °C. Alloy 5083 is also commonly used in cryogenic applications due to it being able to be cooled to −195 °C. At this temperature, the alloy has an increase in ultimate tensile strength of 40% and in yield strength of 10% as well as exhibiting excellent fracture toughness at such temperatures.

Aluminium–magnesium alloys
Aluminium–magnesium alloys (AlMg) – standardised in the 5000 series – are aluminium alloys that are mainly made of aluminium and contain magnesium as the main alloy element. Most standardised alloys also contain small additives of manganese (AlMg(Mn)). Pure AlMg alloys and the AlMg(Mn) alloys belong to the medium-strength, natural (not hardened by heat treatment) alloys. Other AlMg alloys are aluminium–magnesium–copper alloys (AlMgCu) and aluminium–magnesium–silicon alloys (AlMgSi, 6000 series).
Child Welfare League of America
The Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization that coordinates efforts for child welfare in the United States, and provides direct support to agencies that serve children and families. The organization's vision is "that every child will grow up in a safe, loving, and stable family," and its primary objective is to "Make Children a National Priority". The CWLA is run by professionals in the children's services field. As a national organization it lobbies for both child protection, and delivery of services to children.  It is the oldest child welfare organization in the United States.

White House Conference on Children and Youth
The White House Conference on Children and Youth was a series of meetings hosted over 60 years by the President of the United States of America, and the first White House conference ever held. Under the leadership of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Richard Nixon, the Conferences involved thousands of delegates from around the country. According to the Child Welfare League of America, "the conferences were devoted to improving the lives of children across the Nation." Each conference focused on issues relevant to the decade in which the conference was held.
Shaam Dhalay
Shaam Dhalay is a Pakistani romance drama film directed and produced by Santosh Kumar.

It was the only film that Kumar ever directed and produced. Santosh Kumar also played the lead role opposite Sabiha Khanum. The music of the film was composed by Rashid Attre.

Although a commercially average film of the year 1960, it became popular due to Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum's ghazal Sau Baar Chaman Mehka, Sau Baar Bahar Aaee, performed by Naseem Begum for the film.

The film won 4 Nigar Awards, at the annual Nigar Awards ceremony.

Naseem Begum
Naseem Begum (Urdu: نسِیم بیگم), (24 February 1936 – 29 September 1971) was a famous Pakistani film playback singer. She was known as The Tradegy Queen for singing sorrowful and downhearted songs in films.

She rose to prominence in the late 1950s, and by 1964, she had won the prestigious Nigar Awards on four occasions. Despite originally being billed as a Second Noor Jehan, Naseem Begum quickly carved out her own successful niche in the Pakistani film industry.

She was the original singer of the popular song "Aye Rah-e-Haq Ke Shaheedo".
Huish, Wiltshire
Huish is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wilcot, Huish and Oare, in Wiltshire, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) northwest of Pewsey and 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of Marlborough. In 2011 the parish had a population of 43. It is on the south-facing edge of the Marlborough Downs, where the downs adjoin the Vale of Pewsey.

Oare, Wiltshire
Oare is a small village in the east of the county of Wiltshire, England. The village lies about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Pewsey, on the A345 road towards Marlborough, and falls within the civil parish of Wilcot, Huish and Oare.
Kayah State Cultural Museum
The Kayah State Cultural Museum is a museum that display bronze drums used in wedding and funeral occasions, stone beads, household utensils, traditional looms, traditional dresses, silverware, weapons, paintings and musical instruments of the Kayah people and located in Loikaw, Kayah State in Burma. The museum holds nearly 13000 books and 405 individual objects.

It was established on September 18, 1996.

Kayah State
Kayah State (Burmese: ကယားပြည်နယ်, pronounced [kəjá pjìnɛ̀]), or Karenni State, is a state of Myanmar. Situated in eastern Myanmar, it is bounded on the north by Shan State, on the east by Thailand's Mae Hong Son Province, and on the south and west by Kayin State. It lies approximately between 18° 30′ and 19° 55′ north latitude and between 96° 50′ and 97° 50′ east longitude. The area is 11,670 km2 (4,510 sq mi). Its capital is Loikaw (also spelt Loi-kaw). The estimated population in the 2014 Myanmar Census was 286,738, the smallest among Myanmar's seven states. It is inhabited primarily by the Karenni ethnic group, also known as Red Karen or Kayah, a Sino-Tibetan people. Even though Kayah State is the smallest state in Myanmar, it is still larger than Yangon Region.
Margaret of Baden
Margaret of Baden (1431 – 24 October 1457) was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach.  She was the daughter of Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden, and his wife Catherine of Lorraine.

In 1446, Margaret married Albert of Brandenburg, the future Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg, in Heilsbronn. Margaret died before he succeeded to the Electorate of Brandenburg, thus never served as Electress. Their marriage produced three sons and three daughters:

Ursula (1450–1508)

married in 1467 Duke Henry I of Münsterberg-Oels (1448-1498)

Elisabeth (1451–1524)

married in 1467 Duke Eberhard II of Württemberg (1447-1504)

Margaret (1453–1509), abbess of the Poor Clares convent at Hof from 1476

John Cicero (1455–1499), Elector of Brandenburg

Margaret died in Ansbach in 1457 shortly after her husband acquired the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.

John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg
John II (German: Johann „Cicero“ von Brandenburg; 2 August 1455 – 9 January 1499) was Elector of Brandenburg from 1486 until his death, the fourth of the House of Hohenzollern. After his death he received the cognomen Cicero, after the Roman orator of the same name, but the elector's eloquence and interest in the arts is debatable.
John Byers Anderson
John Byers Anderson (November 22, 1817 – July 7, 1897) (alternatively John Byars Anderson) was an educator, railroad contractor and United States Army officer who served in the American Civil War as a colonel and superintendent of the Union railroads in the Department of the Ohio, Department of the Tennessee and Department of the Cumberland.

College of Emporia
The College of Emporia was a private college in Emporia, Kansas, United States. It operated from 1882 to 1974 and was associated with the Presbyterian church.

When founded, it was one of two higher education institutions in the city of Emporia; the other at that time was the "Kansas State Normal School" established for teacher training and was later renamed Kansas State Teachers College (KSTC) and reorganized in the mid-to-late 1970s as a state liberal arts college, at which time the name was changed to Emporia State University. Since Emporia had two colleges before 1900, the city was sometimes called the "Athens of Kansas."
Police of Poland
The Police (Polish: Policja, [pɔˈlit͡sja] ⓘ) is the national civilian police service of Poland. It is the country’s primary law enforcement agency, responsible for public security and order as well as the prevention and investigation of crime. It operates under the authority of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration.

Polish Police is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Police, subordinate to the Minister of the Interior and Administration. The Police is supported by municipal forces of city guards, having less legal authority and with jurisdiction only over prosecuting contraventions.

Commander-in-Chief of Police of Poland
The commander-in-chief of Police (Polish: Komendant Główny Policji) is the head of the Police (Policja) of Poland, the national civilian police service. The commander presides over the National Police Headquarters (Komenda Główna Policji) and reports to the Minister of the Interior and Administration.