hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Minix
MINIX is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture, first released in 1987 and written by American-Dutch computer scientist Andrew S. Tanenbaum. It was designed as a clone of the Unix operating system and one that could run on affordable, Intel 8086-based home computers; MINIX was targeted for use in classrooms by computer science students at universities.

Its name comes from mini-Unix. MINIX was initially proprietary source-available, but was relicensed under the BSD 3-Clause to become free and open-source in 2000. MINIX was ported to various additional platforms in the 1990s, and version 2.0 was released in 1997 and was the first to be POSIX compliant. Starting with MINIX 3, released in 2005, the primary aim of development shifted from education to the creation of a highly reliable and self-healing microkernel OS.

Operating Systems: Design and Implementation
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation is a computer science textbook written by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, with help from Albert S. Woodhull, published by Prentice Hall in 1987. The book describes the principles of operating systems and demonstrates their application in the source code of Tanenbaum's MINIX, a free Unix-like operating system designed for teaching purposes. The source code for MINIX was included as part of the original 719 pages of text. Later versions of the three editions also included loadable disks with MINIX:

1987 ed. MINIX 1.0

1997 ed. MINIX 2.0

2006 ed. MINIX 3.1.0
Aristarchian symbols
Aristarchian symbols are editorial marks developed during the Hellenistic period and the early Roman Empire for annotating then-ancient Greek texts—mainly the works of Homer. They were used to highlight missing text, text which was discrepant between sources, and text which appeared in the wrong place.

Two main types of ancient Greek philological annotations can be distinguished: signs and explicit notes. Aristarchian symbols are signs.

Obelus
An obelus (plural: obeluses or obeli) is a historical annotation mark in codicology that has come to have three distinct modern forms, meanings and typographical uses:

Division sign ÷

Dagger †

Commercial minus sign ⁒ (limited geographical area of use)

The word "obelus" comes from ὀβελός (obelós), the Ancient Greek word for a sharpened stick, spit, or pointed pillar. This is the same root as that of the word 'obelisk'. In codicology, a (usually horizontal) obelus in the form of a dagger was used to indicate erroneous or dubious content. The third symbol is an obsolescent mark used in some European countries.

In mathematics, the ÷ symbol is mainly used in Anglophone countries to represent the mathematical operation of division (but has other meanings elsewhere) and is called an obelus in older textbooks.  In modern typography, the second symbol, called a dagger mark † is used as a reference mark or footnote indicator.  It also has other uses in a variety of specialist contexts.
False Dreams
False Dreams is a Ugandan drama television series that premiered on DStv Uganda's Pearl Magic TV on 2 January 2020. The series stars Stellah Nantumbwe, Housen Mushema, Elizabeth Bwamimpeke and follows a group of friends from university who are struggling to navigate through the challenges in their lives. The series was produced by Phad Mutumba under the banner of his Phaz Motion Pictures in Kampala.

Housen Mushema
Housen Mushema is a Ugandan runway, commercial and editorial model, actor and fashion producer known for playing the lead role of Balikoowa in Balikoowa in the City, Sokke on The Hostel, Andrew on Second Chance, Ben Ssali on Power of Legacy, Ian on Mistakes Girls Do, Michael on Veronica's Wish, Anthony on Bed of Thorns in addition to roles on other shows and films, including November Tear, False Dreams and The Lukkas.

He is a recipient of the Abyranz Fashion and Style Awards 2015 in the Outstanding Male Model category and he has hit most Man Crush Monday features in numerous magazines in Kampala. He also appeared at number 7 on Satisfashion Ug Magazine's 8 most revered male models in Uganda in 2014.
Penitentiary House, etc. Act 1812
The Penitentiary House, etc. Act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, granted royal assent on 20 April 1812.

It built on the Penitentiary Act 1779 and Penitentiary for Convicts Act 1794, making arrangements to build Millbank prison on a site bought from the Marquis of Salisbury and since 1794 vested in Jeremy Bentham. His plan to build a panopticon of his own design on the site had stalled, though the 1812 Act compensated him for the money he had invested in the scheme.

The new prison was to serve Middlesex and the City of London, specifically those in those two areas who had been convicted of offences liable to penal transportation or of capital crimes - rather than be executed, the Act required the latter to be imprisoned for life at Millbank. The Act set out how it was to be built, run, maintained and overseen, with a maximum capacity of 300 male prisoners and 300 female prisoners.

Millbank Prison
Millbank Prison or Millbank Penitentiary was a prison in Millbank, Westminster, London, originally constructed as the National Penitentiary, and which for part of its history served as a holding facility for convicted prisoners before they were transported to Australia. It was opened in 1816 and closed in 1890.
Biliverdin reductase
Biliverdin reductase (BVR) is an enzyme (EC 1.3.1.24) found in all tissues under normal conditions, but especially in reticulo-macrophages of the liver and spleen.  BVR facilitates the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin via the reduction of a double bond between the second and third pyrrole ring into a single bond.

There are two isozymes in humans, each encoded by its own gene, biliverdin reductase A (BLVRA) and biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB).

Bilirubin
Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili, for bile, plus ruber, Latin for red) is a red-orange compound that occurs  as the reduction product of biliverdin, a breakdown product of heme.

It is further broken down in the colon to urobilinogen, most of which becomes stercobilin, causing the brown color of feces. Some unconverted urobilinogen, metabolised to urobilin, provides the straw-yellow color in urine.

Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, Strelitzia nicolai, is known to contain the pigment.
Marco Zoppo
Marco Zoppo (1433 – 19 February 1498) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active mainly in Bologna.

He was born in Cento. He was a pupil of the painter Lippo Dalmasio then for a few years with Francesco Squarcione around 1455. He was a contemporary of Andrea Mantegna. He painted a number of variations of the Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints while he was in Bologna. Francesco Francia was one of his pupils. He died in Venice, where he had gone after working for Squarcione.

Andrea Mantegna
Andrea Mantegna (UK: /mænˈtɛnjə/, US: /mɑːnˈteɪnjə/; Italian: [anˈdrɛːa manˈteɲɲa]; c. 1431 – September 13, 1506) was an Italian Renaissance painter, a student of Roman archaeology, and the son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

Like other artists of the time, Mantegna experimented with perspective, e.g. by lowering the horizon in order to create a sense of greater monumentality. His flinty, metallic landscapes, and somewhat stony figures give evidence of a fundamentally sculptural approach to painting. He also led a workshop that was the leading producer of prints in Venice before 1500.
Love Around the House
Love Around the House (French: L'amour autour de la maison) is a 1947 French-Belgian drama film directed by Pierre de Hérain and starring Pierre Brasseur, María Casares and Julien Carette. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris and on location around Finistère. The film's sets were designed by the art director Alexandre Arnstam.

María Casares
María Victoria Casares y Pérez (21 November 1922 – 22 November 1996) was a Spanish-born French actress and one of the most distinguished stars of the French stage and cinema. She was credited in France as Maria Casarès.
Vattappara
Vattappara  is a village in Thiruvananthapuram district in the state of Kerala, India.
It is well known for its geographical peculiarities with quarries that are generally used for extracting building materials (rock).This town is by the side of MC Road connecting Trivandrum and Kottayam and 14 km away from Trivandrum City. The nearest township is Nedumangad.There is no recorded history on the origin of this place. The major occupation in Vattappara is farming (Rubber, Coconut).

Nedumangad
Nedumangad is a municipal town in the Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the headquarters of Nedumangad Tehsil and Nedumangad Revenue Division. It is a suburb of the extended metropolitan region of Thiruvananthapuram. It is located around 16 km (9.9 mi) to the north-east of Thiruvananthapuram on the State Highway 2. It is an important commercial center in the district. It is a growing commercial and educational hub and all important government institutions are situated in the town. The Nedumangadu market has significance in southern Kerala.

It is an important centre for commercial trade in hill products such as pepper and rubber. A wholesale market set up by the Department of Agriculture (with the assistance of the European Union) is also situated there.
De Soto USD 232
De Soto USD 232 is a public unified school district headquartered in De Soto, Kansas, United States.  The district includes the communities of De Soto, 60% of Shawnee, 40% of Lenexa, fraction of Olathe, and nearby rural areas.

Olathe, Kansas
Olathe (/oʊˈleɪθə/ oh-LAY-thə) is a city in and the county seat of Johnson County, Kansas, United States.  It is the fourth-most populous city in both the Kansas City metropolitan area and the state of Kansas, with a 2020 population of 141,290.
2021 Welsh Labour–Plaid Cymru agreement
In December 2021, the Welsh Labour government and Plaid Cymru signed a three-year co-operation agreement, where the two parties agreed to work together in 46 policy areas. The agreement was not a coalition or confidence and supply agreement; Plaid Cymru remained in opposition but appointed advisers to offices of the Welsh Government.

It was announced in November 2021, by the leaders of the two parties, Mark Drakeford, leader of Welsh Labour and First Minister, and Adam Price, leader of Plaid Cymru, following months of talks. The agreement was ratified by both parties, voted for by Plaid Cymru's party membership, but criticised by the Welsh Conservatives and some Welsh Labour representatives.

Plaid Cymru leader Rhun ap Iorwerth announced that he was ending the deal in May 2024, citing donations that First Minister Vaughan Gething had received during the initial 2024 Welsh Labour leadership election among the reasons for ending the agreement early.

Rhun ap Iorwerth
Rhun ap Iorwerth (Welsh pronunciation: [r̥ɨːn ap ˈjɔrwɛrθ]; born 27 August 1972) is a Welsh politician and journalist who has served as the Leader of Plaid Cymru since June 2023. He has been the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Ynys Môn since 2013.
Fredrick Asare
Fredrick Asare is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Durban City in the South African Premier Division. He has previously played for Accra Lions and Asante Kotoko in the Ghana Premier League.

Asante Kotoko S.C.
Asante Kotoko Sporting Club, simply known as Asante Kotoko, is a professional football club founded on 31 August 1935 and based in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Nicknamed the Porcupine Warriors and "kum apem a, apem beba" which translate to "If you kill a thousand, a thousand more will come" in English Language. In their local dialect, Twi, they compete in the Ghana Premier League and play their home matches at the Baba Yara Stadium in Amakom, Kumasi.

They have won the league a record 24 times [1], the CAF Champions League twice, and were adjudged the African club of the century by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS).
The Thousand Faces of Dunjia
The Thousand Faces of Dunjia (Chinese: 奇門遁甲) is a 2017 Chinese fantasy-wuxia film directed by Yuen Woo-ping; scripted and produced by Tsui Hark. The film stars Da Peng, Aarif Lee, Ni Ni, Wu Bai, and Zhou Dongyu.

Ni Ni
Ni Ni (Chinese: 倪妮; pinyin: Ní Nī, born 8 August 1988) is a Chinese actress. After rising to fame with Zhang Yimou's The Flowers of War (2011), she starred in the films Up in the Wind (2013), Fleet of Time (2014), Lost in the Stars (2022), and in the television series The Rise of Phoenixes (2018), Love and Destiny (2019), and My Best Friend's Story (2020). She is considered as one of the "New Four Dan Actresses" by Southern Metropolis Daily.
John Sedgwick
John Sedgwick (September 13, 1813 – May 9, 1864) was an American military officer who served as a Union Army general during the American Civil War.

He was wounded three times at the Battle of Antietam while leading his division in an unsuccessful assault against Confederate forces, causing him to miss the Battle of Fredericksburg. Under his command, the VI Corps played an important role in the Chancellorsville Campaign by engaging Confederate troops at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church. His corps was the last to arrive at the Battle of Gettysburg and thus did not see much action. Sedgwick was killed by a sharpshooter at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 9, 1864, making him and Major Generals James B. McPherson, Joseph K. Mansfield, and John F. Reynolds the highest-ranking Union officers to be killed in the war. He is remembered for an ironic remark among his last words: "They couldn't hit an elephant at this distance."

Second Battle of Fredericksburg
The Second Battle of Fredericksburg, also known as the Second Battle of Marye's Heights, took place on May 3, 1863, in Fredericksburg, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War.
Constand Viljoen
General Constand Laubscher Viljoen SSA SD SOE SM MMM (28 October 1933 – 3 April 2020) was a South African Army officer and politician. He co-founded the Afrikaner Volksfront (Afrikaner People's Front) and later founded the Freedom Front (which in turn merged into the Freedom Front Plus before the 2004 election).

Freedom Front Plus
The Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus or FF+; Afrikaans: Vryheidsfront Plus, VF Plus) is a center-right political party in South Africa that was formed (as the Freedom Front) in 1994. It is led by Corné Mulder. Since 2024, it is a part of the current South African government of national unity together with the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance and other parties.
André Neves
André da Silva Graça Arroja Neves (born 1975, Lisbon) is a Portuguese mathematician and a professor at the University of Chicago. He joined the faculty of the University of Chicago in 2016. In 2012,  jointly with Fernando Codá Marques, he solved the Willmore conjecture.

Neves received his Ph.D. in 2005 from  Stanford University under the direction of Richard Melvin Schoen.

Willmore conjecture
In differential geometry, the Willmore conjecture is a lower bound on the Willmore energy of a torus. It is named after the English mathematician Tom Willmore, who conjectured it in 1965. A proof by Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves was announced in 2012 and published in 2014.
Frog Bog
Frog Bog is a 1982 action video game released by Mattel Electronics for the Intellivision. An Atari 2600 conversion was released later that year as Frogs and Flies. In both games, each player controls a frog sitting on a lily pad, attempting to eat more flies than the other.  Frog Bog is similar to the 1978 Sega-Gremlin arcade game Frogs.

Frogs (video game)
Frogs is a 1978 action video game developed and published by Gremlin Industries for arcades. It featured a jumping character (predating Donkey Kong by three years) with graphics "projected" by laying the monitor flat on its back and reflecting the computer-generated graphics of the frogs and flies toward the player via a mirror at a 45-degree angle. The game's graphics were actually generated and shown backward, so the mirror reflection would show letters and numbers properly. The game was distributed by Sega in Japan.
Tucker (2000 TV series)
Tucker is an American sitcom created by Ron Milbauer and Terri Hughes, that aired on NBC from October 2 to October 23, 2000. The series starred Eli Marienthal, Noelle Beck, Katey Sagal, Nathan Lawrence, Alison Lohman and Casey Sander, and was produced by Sudden Entertainment, NBC Studios, Regency Television and 20th Century Fox Television.

Casey Sander
Clinton O. "Casey" Sander (born July 6, 1956) is an American actor whose roles include "Captain" Jimmy Wennick on the short-lived TV series Tucker, Bernadette's father, Mike on The Big Bang Theory and Roger Hollister in four episodes of The Ranch.  His credits also include appearances on  Criminal Minds, The Golden Girls, Grace Under Fire, Home Improvement, Malcolm in the Middle, Rules of Engagement, Sons of Anarchy, Mad Men, Silicon Valley, The Newsroom, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Hunter, NCIS, NCIS: Los Angeles and Marvin Marvin, among other shows.
Allen Hazen
Allen Hazen (August 28, 1869 – July 26, 1930) was an American civil engineer and an expert in hydraulics, flood control, water purification and sewage treatment. His career extended from 1888 to 1930, and he is, perhaps, best known for his contributions to hydraulics with the Hazen-Williams equation.  Hazen published some of the seminal works on sedimentation and filtration.  He was President of the New England Water Works Association and Vice President of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

Hazen–Williams equation
The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical relationship that relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems such as fire sprinkler systems, water supply networks, and irrigation systems. It is named after Allen Hazen and Gardner Stewart Williams.

The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number, but it has the disadvantage that it is only valid for water.  Also, it does not account for the temperature or viscosity of the water, and therefore is only valid at room temperature and conventional velocities.
Edward af Sillén
Edward af Sillén (born 25 September 1982) is a Swedish screenwriter and director for stage, film and TV. He has translated and directed numerous successful theatre shows including Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare, The Drowsy Chaperone, Bull and Cock by Mike Bartlett, Torch Song Trilogy by Harvey Fierstein, Shirley Valentine by Willy Russell, and Art by Yasmina Reza.

Af Sillén has worked on Melodifestivalen and the Eurovision Song Contest as a director, commentator and screenwriter, including in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 where he wrote and directed the interval act "Love Love Peace Peace" with Fredrik Kempe. Following on from writing his first film Medicinen, his second writing Holy Mess became the biggest Swedish film of 2015. In 2019, he directed A Piece of My Heart, a jukebox musical film based on the music of Tomas Ledin and starring Malin Akerman, which was nominated for an Audience Award at the Guldbagge Awards.

A Piece of My Heart (film)
A Piece of My Heart (Swedish: En del av mitt hjärta) is a  Swedish jukebox musical film directed by Edward af Sillén and written by Lars "Vasa" Johansson based on music by Tomas Ledin. The title is taken from Ledin's Grammis award-winning song "En del av mitt hjärta". The lead role is played by Malin Åkerman, starring in her first Swedish film, with an ensemble cast featuring Christian Hillborg, Jonas Karlsson, Per Andersson, Shima Niavarani, Johan Ulveson, Johan Rheborg, and Marie Richardson. The film was produced and filmed in Sweden by Unlimited Stories. It was released on 25 December 2019.
When interviewed about the film, Ledin expressed his amazement at the quality of the script and said how happy he was to be part of something like this. He also suggested that three or four of the songs are much better than his original. Af Sillén described the film as  an "all in-musical comedy" with a great ensemble and big, lavish shownumbers.
Signal (Japanese TV series)
Signal (Japanese: シグナル, Hepburn: Shigunaru), also known as Signal: Long-Term Unsolved Case Investigation Team (Japanese: シグナル 長期未解決事件捜査班, Hepburn: Shigunaru: Chōki Mikaiketsu Jiken Sōsahan), is a Japanese police procedural television series starring Kentaro Sakaguchi, Michiko Kichise and Kazuki Kitamura. It is a remake of the South Korean drama of the same name written by Kim Eun-hee and aired every Tuesday at 21:00 JST from April 10 to June 12, 2018, on Fuji TV.

A sequel film, Signal the Movie, was released in theaters in Japan on April 2, 2021.

Kazuki Kitamura
Kazuki Kitamura (北村 一輝, Kitamura Kazuki; born July 17, 1969) is a Japanese film and television actor who won the award for best supporting actor at the 21st Yokohama Film Festival for Minazuki, Kyohansha and Kanzen-naru shiiku as well as the CUT ABOVE Award for Excellence in Film at JAPAN CUTS: Festival of New Japanese Film in New York in 2014.
Charles Beamish
Group Captain Charles Eric St John Beamish (23 June 1908 – 18 May 1984) was an Irish rugby player and Second World War RAF pilot. He gained 12 caps for Ireland as a prop forward and also represented the British Isles on their 1936 tour of Argentina. He was one of the Beamish brothers - elder brother George also played for Ireland, and other brothers Victor and Cecil were also accomplished sportsmen and RAF officers.

George Beamish
Air Marshal Sir George Robert Beamish, KCB, CBE (29 April 1905 – 13 November 1967) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force from the Second World War to his retirement in the late 1950s.  Prior to the Second World War, while Beamish was in the RAF, he was a keen rugby union player, playing for Leicester and being capped 26 times for Ireland and was selected for the 1930 British Lions tour. He was also the chairman of the RAF Rugby Union and an Air Force rugby selector.
U.S. Route 65 in Missouri
U.S. Route 65 (US 65) is a north–south U.S. highway that runs from Clayton, Louisiana to Albert Lea, Minnesota. In Missouri, the highway enters the state from Arkansas, just south of Branson. The highway exits the state into Iowa near South Lineville.

U.S. Route 160
U.S. Route 160 (US 160) is a 1,465-mile-long (2,358 km) east–west United States Numbered Highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western terminus of the route is at US 89 five miles (8.0 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern terminus is at US 67 and Missouri 158 southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Its route, if not its number, was made famous in song in 1975, as the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".