hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Weather of 2008
The following is a list of weather events that occurred in 2008. The year began with La Niña conditions. There were several natural disasters around the world from various types of weather, including blizzards, cold waves, droughts, heat waves, tornadoes, and tropical cyclones. In early May, powerful Cyclone Nargis struck Myanmar, killing or leaving missing at least 138,373 people and becoming the deadliest single weather event of the year. There were several other weather events that caused significant death and destruction, such as Typhoon Fengshen, which killed over 1,400 people, and the 2008 Afghanistan blizzard, which killed over 900 people. In the United States, there were a total of twelve billion-dollar disasters which caused between $80 billion and $104.8 billion in damage (adjusted for inflation). A total of 572 deaths were reported due to weather-related phenomena in the United States, and over 2,400 injuries.

Typhoon Fengshen
Typhoon Fengshen, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Frank, was the deadliest typhoon to hit the Philippines since Typhoon Durian in 2006. It was the sixth named storm and the fourth typhoon recognised by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) recognised Fengshen as the seventh tropical depression, the sixth tropical storm, and fifth typhoon of the 2008 Pacific typhoon season.

Fengshen made a direct hit on the Philippines and China, causing severe damage and resulted in at least 1,371 deaths and leaving 87 people missing. Most of the deaths occurred in the Philippines, including 846 of the 922 people on board the Princess of the Stars who were killed when the ship capsized. Despite the high death toll, the name Fengshen was not retired, although its Philippine name, Frank, was retired after the season.
Johnny "Guitar" Watson
John Watson Jr. (February 3, 1935 – May 17, 1996), often known professionally as Johnny "Guitar" Watson, was an American musician. A flamboyant showman and electric guitarist in the style of T-Bone Walker, his recording career spanned 40 years, and encompassed rhythm and blues, funk and soul music.

Watson recorded throughout the 1950s and 1960s with some success. His 1954 instrumental single "Space Guitar" was the first of his recordings to showcase his electric guitar playing. His creative self-reinvention in the 1970s, with funk overtones, saw Watson have hits with "Ain't That a Bitch" and "Superman Lover". His highest-charting single was 1977's "A Real Mother for Ya".

Johnny Otis
Johnny Otis (December 28, 1921 – January 17, 2012), born Ioannis Alexandres Veliotes (Greek: Ιωάννης Αλέξανδρος Βελιώτης), was an American singer, musician, composer, bandleader, record producer, talent scout, and preacher. He was a seminal influence on American R&B and rock and roll. He discovered numerous artists early in their careers who went on to become highly successful in their own right, including Little Esther Phillips, Etta James, Alan O'Day, Big Mama Thornton, Johnny Ace, Jackie Wilson, Little Willie John, Hank Ballard, and The Robins, Sugar Pie DeSanto, among many others. Otis has been called the "Godfather of Rhythm and Blues".
Lille Kamøya, Nordkapp
Lille Kamøya (Northern Sami: Uhca Gáhpesuolu) is a small island in Nordkapp Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located just off the eastern coast of the large island of Magerøya. It lies where the Duksfjorden meets the Kamøyfjorden, just to the northwest of the island of Store Kamøya and to the north of the fishing village of Kamøyvær. The island helps to shelter Kamøyvær's harbour from the open sea.

Store Kamøya, Nordkapp
Store Kamøya (Northern Sami: Gáhpesuolu) is a small island in Nordkapp Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located off the eastern coast of the large island of Magerøya where the Kamøyfjorden splits into the Duksfjorden and Skipsfjorden.  It lies just to the southeast of the island of Lille Kamøya and to the east of the fishing village of Kamøyvær, helping to shelter the latter's harbour from the open sea.
Taibet
Taibet is a town and commune, and the capital of Taibet District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 20,174, up from 14,322 in 1998, and a growth rate of 3.6%.

Touggourt
Touggourt (Arabic: ﺗﻗﺮت or تڤرت; Berber languages: ⵜⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ, romanized: Tugurt, lit. 'the gateway' or 'the gate') is a city and commune, former sultanate and capital of Touggourt District, in Touggourt Province, Algeria, built next to an oasis in the Sahara. As of the 2008 census, the commune had a population of 39,409 people, up from 32,940 in 1998, and an annual growth rate of 1.8%. Touggourt's urban area includes the communes of Nezla, Tebesbest and Zaouia El Abidia, for a total population of 146,108.

Touggourt is notable for its date trees. It was formerly surrounded by a moat, which the French filled up. Bradt Travel Guides describe it as "largely a modern town of block architecture" and "largely unattractive. The centre is quiet most of the day due to the heat but is more active at night when people take to the streets."
St. George Airport (Alaska)
St. George Airport (IATA: STG, ICAO: PAPB, FAA LID: PBV) is a state-owned public-use airport located four nautical miles (5 mi, 7 km) from the central business district of St. George, a city on St. George Island in the Aleutians West Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. Scheduled passenger airline service is provided by Grant Aviation.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 604 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 610 enplanements in 2009, and 643 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 enplanements per year).

St. George, Alaska
St. George (Aleut: Anĝaaxchalux̂ or Sangiurgiix̂, Russian: Сент-Джордж) is a city in Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is the main settlement of St. George Island in the Pribilofs, a small island group in the Bering Sea. As of the 2020 census, the population was 67, down from 102 in 2010 and the lowest figure since records began in 1880.
California State Route 7
State Route 7 (SR 7) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, running from the Calexico East Port of Entry on the border with Mexico east of Calexico north to its terminus at Interstate 8 (I-8), where Orchard Road continues the route north towards Holtville. The route provides convenient access to the country of Mexico from I-8. The highway splits to pass through the customs checkpoints: the spur route to the west is for cars, and the main highway to the east is for commercial vehicles. The southern portion of the route opened in 1996, and the rest of the route connecting to I-8 opened in 2005.

Calexico, California
Calexico (/kəˈlɛksɪkoʊ/) is a city in southern Imperial County, California. As of the 2020 census, Calexico had a population of 38,633. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about 122 miles (196 km) east of San Diego and 62 miles (100 km) west of Yuma, Arizona. Calexico, along with six other incorporated Imperial County cities, forms part of the larger populated area known as the Imperial Valley. First explored by Europeans in the 18th century, Calexico began as a small tent community which was ultimately incorporated in 1908.
Huis Ten Bosch Station
Huis Ten Bosch Station (ハウステンボス駅, Hausutenbosu-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu. This station serves the Huis Ten Bosch theme park after which it is named.

Kyushu Railway Company
The Kyushu Railway Company, also referred to as JR Kyushu (JR九州, Jeiāru Kyūshū), is one of the seven constituent companies of Japan Railways Group (JR Group). It operates intercity rail services within Kyushu, Japan. It formerly operated the Beetle hydrofoil service across the Tsushima Strait between Fukuoka and Busan, South Korea, before its discontinuation in 2024. It also operates hotels, restaurants, and drugstores across its service region. JR Kyushu's headquarters are in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka.
Orders, decorations, and medals of Bangladesh
The existing Bangladeshi honours system was created after Independence of Bangladesh. The highest civilian honours are the Independence Award and Ekushey Padak. They are awarded every year. The  awards are civilian awards for a broad set of achievements in fields such as Education, Arts, Civil Service, or Social Service and Liberation War. Awards were also bestowed posthumously and they are not given for foreign citizens.

The most recognized and respected gallantry awards are the Bir (Bengali: বীর) awards which are Bir Sreshtho, Bir Uttom, Bir Bikrom and Bir Protik in decreasing order of importance. They are awarded to  freedom fighters who showed utmost bravery and fought against the Pakistan Army in the Bangladesh Liberation War. All of these awards were introduced immediately after the Liberation War in 1971.

The 'Nakeeb Padak' (Bangla: নকীব পদক) has been awarded since 2021 for the contribution to Bengali literature.

Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War
Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War were decorations bestowed by the major warring parties for actions during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Bangladesh, India and Pakistan all issued awards and decorations related to the conflict.

A listing of the medals bestowed are as follows:
Jean Malouel
Jean Malouel, or Jan Maelwael in his native Dutch, (c. 1365 – 1415) was a Dutch artist who was the court painter of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and his successor John the Fearless, working in the International Gothic style.

Philip the Bold
Philip II the Bold (French: Philippe II le Hardi; Dutch: Filips de Stoute; 17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404) was Duke of Burgundy and jure uxoris Count of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy. He was the fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg.

Philip was the founder of the Burgundian branch of the House of Valois. His vast collection of territories made him the undisputed premier peer of the Kingdom of France and made his successors formidable subjects, and later rivals, of the kings of France.

Philip played an important role in the development of gunpowder artillery in European warfare, making extensive and successful use of it in his military campaigns.
By political marriage, from 1384 Philip gained control over Flanders, one of the wealthiest provinces of Europe in that time. He and his successors ruled it until 1482. This period is referred to as the Burgundian Netherlands.
Strong generating set
In abstract algebra, especially in the area of group theory, a strong generating set of a permutation group is a generating set that clearly exhibits the permutation structure as described by a stabilizer chain.  A stabilizer chain is a sequence of subgroups, each containing the next and each stabilizing one more point.

Let  be a group of permutations of the set   Let

be a sequence of distinct integers,  such that the pointwise stabilizer of  is trivial (i.e., let  be a base for ).  Define

and define  to be the pointwise stabilizer of . A strong generating set (SGS) for G relative to the base  is a set

such that

for each  such that .

The base and the SGS are said to be non-redundant if

for .

A base and strong generating set (BSGS) for a group can be computed using the Schreier–Sims algorithm.

Schreier–Sims algorithm
The Schreier–Sims algorithm is an algorithm in computational group theory, named after the mathematicians Otto Schreier and Charles Sims.  This algorithm can find the order of a finite permutation group,  determine whether a given permutation is a member of the group, and other tasks in polynomial time.  It was introduced by Sims in 1970, based on Schreier's subgroup lemma.  The running time was subsequently improved by Donald Knuth in 1991.  Later, an even faster randomized version of the algorithm was developed.
Taça Rio
Taça Rio (English: Rio Cup) is an annual football tournament attached to Campeonato Carioca, the state football league in the Rio de Janeiro state. It has been organized since 1982 by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. It has had different formats throughout its history. Since 2026, it has been played between clubs that lose the quarter-finals in the Campeonato Carioca knockout phase.

Vasco da Gama is the most successful club in the tournament's history, having won the title eleven times.

Taça Guanabara
The Taça Guanabara (English: Guanabara Cup) is an annual football tournament attached to the Campeonato Carioca, the state football league in the Rio de Janeiro state. It has been organized since 1965 by the Rio de Janeiro State Football Federation. It has had different formats throughout its history.

In its first seven editions (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970 and 1971), the Taça Guanabara was a tournament in its own right, unrelated to the Campeonato Carioca, and the winner would represent Rio de Janeiro in the Taça Brasil national league competition. From 1972 onward, the cup became the first round of the Campeonato Carioca. Since 2021, the Taça Guanarabara is the first single round-robin phase of the Campeonato Carioca.

The most successful team in the tournament's history is Flamengo, who have won 25 times.
Zouave (Pont de l'Alma)
The Zouave is an 1856 stone statue by French artist Georges Diebolt, which has been sited on the Pont de l'Alma in Paris since the 1850s.  The statue is used as an informal flood marker for the level of the River Seine in Paris.

Georges Diebolt
Georges Diebolt, sometimes spelled Diébolt, (6 May 1816, Dijon – 7 November 1861, Paris) was a French sculptor best known for his publicly commissioned monumental works, including The Zouave and Grenadier on the pont de l'Alma in Paris and the Maritime Victory on the Pont des Invalides.
Somali Republic
The Somali Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida; Italian: Repubblica Somala; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال  aṣ-Ṣūmāl) was formed by the union of the Italian territory of Somaliland (formerly Italian Somaliland) and the State of Somaliland (formerly British Somaliland). A government was formed by Abdullahi Issa Mohamud and Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal and other members of the trusteeship and protectorate administrations, with Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf as President of the Somali National Assembly and Aden Abdullah Osman Daar as President of the Somali Republic.  On 22 July 1960, Daar appointed Abdirashid Ali Shermarke as prime minister. On 20 July 1961 and through a popular referendum, Somalia ratified a new constitution, which was first drafted in 1960. The new constitution was rejected by Somaliland.

The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic.

Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal (Somali: Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal; 15 August 1928 – 3 May 2002) was a Somaliland politician who served as the 2nd President of Somaliland from 1993 until his death in 2002, guiding the state through a period of stabilization and institution-building. Before the formation of the Somali Republic, Egal served briefly as the Prime Minister of State of Somaliland. He also served twice as the Prime Minister of the Somali Republic briefly in 1960 and again from 1967 to 1969.
Nutrient canal
All bones possess larger or smaller foramina (openings) for the entrance of blood-vessels; these are known as the nutrient foramina, and are particularly large in the shafts of the larger long bones, where they lead into a nutrient canal, which extends into the medullary cavity.
The nutrient canal (foramen) is directed away from the growing end of bone.
The growing ends of bones in upper limb are upper end of humerus and lower ends of radius and ulna. In lower limb, the lower end of femur and upper end of tibia are the growing ends. The nutrient arteries along with nutrient veins pass through this canal.
A nutrient canal is found in long bones, in the mandible, and in dental alveoli. In long bones the nutrient canal is found in the shaft.

Nutrient artery
The nutrient artery (arteria nutricia, or central artery), usually accompanied by one or two nutrient veins, enters the bone through the nutrient foramen, runs obliquely through the cortex, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the endosteum–the vascular membrane lining the medullary cavity–and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones.

All bones possess larger or smaller foramina for the entrance of the nourishing blood-vessels; these are known as the nutrient foramina, and are particularly large in the shafts of the larger long bones, where they lead into a nutrient canal, which extends into the medullary cavity (bone marrow cavity).
Crosby, Lincolnshire
Crosby was a small hamlet which has grown into a suburb in the north of Scunthorpe, in the North Lincolnshire district, in the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire, England. Remnants of the old hamlet can be found in Old Crosby.

The Anglican Parish Church is St George's Church, Crosby. Located on the corner of Digby Street and Frodingham Road, it was designed by the architect H.C. Corlette. Construction of the church began in 1924 and the building was consecrated in 1926. Its former clergy includes (John Harvard) Christopher Laurence who was Archdeacon Of Lindsey from 1985 to 1994.

The Crosby Angel War Memorial is located on the corner of Frodingham Road and Sheffield Street West in the grounds of the former Crosby Primary School. It is inscribed with the names of 60 men from the area who died in World War One.

The actress Liz Smith was born in Crosby in 1921.

Scunthorpe
Scunthorpe (/ˈskʌnθɔːrp/) is an industrial town in Lincolnshire, England, and the county's third most populous settlement after Lincoln and Grimsby, with a population of 81,286 in 2021. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement of the North Lincolnshire district. Scunthorpe lies north of Lincoln and is between Grimsby to the east and Doncaster to the west, while Hull is to the north-east via the Humber Bridge.
Azul Tequila
Azul Tequila is a Mexican telenovela. The 160-episode serial was produced for TV Azteca by the celebrity couple Christian Bach and Humberto Zurita in conjunction with Humberto's brother Gerardo through their production company ZUBA Producciones. The complete series has been released in an 8 DVD box set.

Humberto Zurita
Humberto Zurita Moreno (Spanish pronunciation: [umˈbeɾto suˈɾita], born September 2, 1954) is a Mexican actor, director and producer.

Zurita, one of 10 siblings from Torreón, Coahuila, is best known as actor, director and producer of telenovelas.
Park Seo-yeon
Park Seo-yeon (Korean: 박서연; born March 5, 2002) is a South Korean actress. Formerly a child actress, she made her acting debut in 2011, since then, she has appeared in number of films and television series. She is known for her various roles as child actor. She was nominated for Best Young Actress Award in 2016 for the  KBS's TV series The Promise and On the Way to the Airport. She has acted in films also such as: 26 Years (2012) and Scarlet Innocence (2014). In 2022 she is cast in fantasy TV series From Now On, Showtime!.

From Now On, Showtime!
From Now On, Showtime! (Korean: 지금부터, 쇼타임!; RR: Jigeumbuteo, syotaim!) is a 2022 South Korean television series starring Park Hae-jin, Jin Ki-joo, and Jung Joon-ho. The series, directed by Lee Hyeong-min and Jeong Sang-hee for Samhwa Networks, is about a mysterious magician, Cha Cha-woong, and a hot-blooded policewoman working with ghosts to solve cases based on hidden clues. It premiered on MBC on April 23, 2022, and aired every Saturday and Sunday at 20:40 (KST) till June 12, 2022. It was also pre-sold to OTT media services in over 190 countries.
James Sewall Reed
James Sewall Reed (April 3, 1832 – February 22, 1864) is an American soldier who is best remembered as an organizer of a few hundred Californians who fought in the eastern battlefields of the American Civil War as part of the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry while most soldiers from California were assigned to Union Army outposts west of the Mississippi River.

2nd Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment
The 2nd Massachusetts Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a regiment of cavalry troops in the Union army during the American Civil War. It consisted primarily of men from the states of California and Massachusetts, and served in the Eastern Theater, despite its western roots.
Coogie
Kim Jeong-hun (Korean: 김정훈; born January 23, 1994), known professionally as Coogie (Korean: 쿠기), is a South Korean rapper and songwriter. He gained popularity when he appeared on Show Me The Money 777 in 2018. He signed to hip-hop label ATM Seoul where he released the studio album Up! (2020), extended plays Coogie (2018), Emo #1 (2018), and S.O.S (2019), and the mixtape I Got A Feeling (2021). In 2020, he released the single "Fadeaway" with Jvcki Wai, Paloalto, The Quiett, and Bassagong, which won Collaboration of the Year at the Korean Hip-hop Awards. He signed to AOMG in 2022.

AOMG
AOMG is a South Korean hip-hop and R&B record label founded in 2013 by rapper and singer-songwriter Jay Park. The label currently houses 20 musicians, UFC fighter Chan Sung Jung, and cartoonist Kian84.
Dorothy Loudon
Dorothy Loudon (September 17, 1925 – November 15, 2003) was an American actress and singer. She won the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical in 1977 for her performance as Miss Hannigan in Annie. Loudon was also nominated for Tony Awards for her lead performances in the musicals The Fig Leaves Are Falling and Ballroom, as well as a Golden Globe award for her appearances on The Garry Moore Show.

Annie (musical)
Annie is a musical with music by Charles Strouse, lyrics by Martin Charnin, and a book by Thomas Meehan. It is based on the 1924 comic strip Little Orphan Annie by Harold Gray (which in turn was inspired from the poem Little Orphant Annie by James Whitcomb Riley). The original Broadway production opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin Theatre (now the Neil Simon Theatre). It spawned numerous productions in many countries, as well as national tours, and won seven Tony Awards, including for Best Musical. The musical's songs "Tomorrow" and "It's the Hard Knock Life" are among its most popular musical numbers.
Paddys Island
The Paddys Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 4.6-hectare (11-acre) uninhabited granite island situated in the Tasman Sea, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth, Tenth, Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Maclean, Baynes, Foster, Swan, Little Swan, Cygnet and St Helens islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets.

Cygnet Island
The Cygnet Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 0.5-hectare (1.2-acre) granite islet situated in Banks Strait, part of Bass Strait, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth, Tenth, Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Maclean, Baynes, Foster, Swan, Little Swan, St Helens and Paddys islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets.
Bilovodsk Raion
Bilovodsk Raion (Ukrainian: Біловодський район) was a raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion was the urban-type settlement of Bilovodsk. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Luhansk Oblast to eight. The last estimate of the raion population was 22,856 (2020 est.).

Bilovodsk
Bilovodsk (Ukrainian: Біловодськ) is a rural settlement in the Starobilsk Raion of Luhansk Oblast in the east of Ukraine on the banks of the Derkul river. It has an estimated population of 7,695 (2022 estimate)