hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Department of Texas
The Department of Texas was a military department of the United States Army that existed from 1850 to 1861, and again from 1865 to 1866, from 1870 to 1913 and during the First World War.  It was subordinate to the Military Division of the Missouri.

Military Division of the Missouri
The Military Division of the Missouri was an administrative formation of the United States Army that functioned through the end of the American Civil War and the Indian Wars that continued after its conclusion.  It was created by the War Department on February 3, 1865, at the direction of General Ulysses S. Grant to bring all the military departments west of the Mississippi River under a single commander.
Tjunti
25°1′S 129°24′E﻿ / ﻿25.017°S 129.400°E﻿ / -25.017; 129.400

Tjunti is a soakage site near Kaḻṯukatjara, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located where the Hull River cuts through the Petermann Ranges, about 36 kilometres (22 mi) to the southeast of Kaḻṯukatjara, 41 km (25 mi) by road along the Tjukaruru Road. Tjunti is known as the site where the famous gold prospector Harold B. Lasseter took refuge on his fatal search for Lasseter's Reef. An outstation was established here in 1977, and belongs to a Pitjantjatjara family.

The gap in the mountains is formed here by the Hull River, a sandy creek that remains dry for most of the year. It splits the Curdie Range in the south from the Mannanana Range in the north. There are several soaks and rockholes in the area.

Lasseter's Reef
Lasseter's Reef refers to the purported discovery, announced by Harold Bell Lasseter in 1929 and 1930, of a fabulously rich gold deposit in a remote and desolate corner of central Australia. Lasseter's accounts of the find are conflicting and its precise location remains a mystery—if it exists.
2019–20 Czech First League
The 2019–20 Czech First League, known as the Fortuna liga for sponsorship reasons, was the 27th season of the Czech Republic's top-tier football league. The defending champions were Slavia Prague, who won their fifth Czech title in the previous season. This season was the second one with a new league structure in which 16 clubs play each other home and away, until the league is split up in championship, Europa League and relegation groups.

2018–19 Czech First League
The 2018–19 Czech First League, known as the Fortuna liga for sponsorship reasons, was the 26th season of the Czech Republic's top-tier football league. The defending champions were Viktoria Plzeň, who won their fifth Czech title the previous season. The season was the first with a new league structure in which 16 clubs play each other home and away, until the league is split up into championship, Europa League and relegation groups. Dukla Prague lost seven consecutive games at the start of the season, becoming the first team in the Czech First League to do so.
Louis E. Burnham
Louis Everett Burnham (September 29, 1915 – February 12, 1960) was an African-American activist and journalist. From his college days, and continuing through adulthood, he was involved in activities emphasizing racial equality, through various left-wing organizations, campaigns and publications in both the northern and southern United States, particularly in New York City and Birmingham, Alabama.

Margaret Burnham
Margaret A. Burnham (born December 28, 1944) is an American lawyer and academic. She is a University Distinguished Professor of Law at the Northeastern University School of Law, founder of the Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project, and co-founder of the Burnham-Nobles Digital Archive. She is also the Faculty Co-Director for Northeastern Law's Center for Law, Equity and Race (CLEAR). She is a member of the Civil Rights Cold Case Records Review Board.
Electron-capture dissociation
Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) is a method of fragmenting gas-phase ions for structure elucidation of peptides and proteins in tandem mass spectrometry. It is one of the most widely used techniques for activation and dissociation of mass selected precursor ion in MS/MS. It involves the direct introduction of low-energy electrons to trapped gas-phase ions.

Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)
In mass spectrometry, fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular ions formed from passing the molecules  mass spectrum. These reactions are well documented over the decades and fragmentation patterns are useful to determine the molar weight and structural information of unknown molecules. Fragmentation that occurs in tandem mass spectrometry experiments has been a recent focus of research, because this data helps facilitate the identification of molecules.
Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)
The Avangard (Russian: Авангард, "Vanguard"; previously known as Objekt 4202, Yu-71 and Yu-74) is a Russian hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). It can be carried as a multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) payload of heavy intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), such as the UR-100UTTKh, R-36M2 and RS-28 Sarmat. It can deliver both nuclear and conventional payloads. The Avangard is reportedly capable of travelling at re-entry speeds of over Mach 27 and close to Mach 30.

The Avangard was one of six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian president Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018.

Hypersonic glide vehicle
A hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) is a type of warhead for ballistic missiles that can maneuver and glide at hypersonic speed. It is used in conjunction with ballistic missiles to significantly change their trajectories after launch.  Conventional ballistic missiles follow a predictable ballistic trajectory and are vulnerable to interception by the latest anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems. The in-flight maneuverability of HGVs makes them unpredictable, allowing them to effectively evade air defenses. As of 2022, hypersonic glide vehicles are the subject of an arms race.
Liam Kelly (Irish republican)
Liam Seán Kelly (29 September 1922 – 7 June 2011) was an Irish republican, who was elected both to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland (1953–1958) (as an abstentionist) and as a member of the upper house of the Irish legislature Seanad Éireann (1954–1957) (which he did attend). He was also a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and after his expulsion from that organisation in 1951, founded the Republican splinter group Saor Uladh and its political wing Fianna Uladh.

Irish Anti-Partition League
The Irish Anti-Partition League (APL) was a political organisation based in Northern Ireland which campaigned for a united Ireland from 1945 to 1958. The organisation aimed to unite Irish nationalists, filling the void left by nationalist groups that had become inactive in the decade prior. At its peak, the League had around 3,500 members. There was significant internal debate about whether candidates should participate in the British Parliament. In the mid-1950s, most abstentionists had left the organisation. Dwindling membership meant that by 1956, no candidates were nominated for committee elections. The organisation remained inactive until 1958, when a final meeting was held to distribute remaining funds. The League was succeeded by National Unity in 1959.
Culebrinas River
The Culebrinas River (Spanish: Río Culebrinas, pronounced [ˈri.o kuleˈβɾinas] KOOL-ə-BREEN-əs) is a river in northwestern Puerto Rico. It originates in southwestern Lares for 25 miles (40 km) till it empties into the Mona Passage south of downtown Aguadilla. It goes through Lares, San Sebastián, Moca, Aguada and Aguadilla municipalities. It is 37.33 miles long and when it floods causes damage to infrastructure in a number of municipalities.

Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
Aguadilla (Spanish pronunciation: [aɣwaˈðiʝa], locally [awaˈðiʝa]), founded in 1775 by Luis de Córdova, is a city and municipality located in the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, north of Aguada, and Moca and west of Isabela. Aguadilla is spread over 15 barrios and Aguadilla Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is a principal city and core of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. This region was already inhabited and known as Aguadilla before 1770. Nevertheless, according to Dr. Agustín Stahl in his Foundation of Aguadilla, it was not until 1780 that the town was officially founded. The construction of a new church and the proceedings to become an independent village began in 1775.
Ferdinand Mannlicher
Ferdinand Ritter von Mannlicher (January 30, 1848 – January 20, 1904) was an Austrian engineer and small arms designer. Along with James Paris Lee, Mannlicher was particularly noted for inventing the en-bloc clip charger-loading box magazine system. Later, while making improvements to other inventors' prototype designs for rotary-feed magazines, Mannlicher, together with his protégé Otto Schönauer, patented a perfected rotary magazine design, the Mannlicher–Schönauer rifle, which was a commercial and military success.

Semi-automatic rifle
A semi-automatic rifle is a type of self-loading rifle that fires a single round each time the trigger is pulled while automatically loading the next cartridge. Such rifles were developed before World War II and were widely used throughout that war. Rifles are firearms designed to be fired while held with both hands and braced against the shooter's shoulder for stability. Externally similar shotguns can fire multiple pellets simultaneously through a smoothbore, while rifle barrels are rifled to spin-stabilize individual bullets. The actions of semi-automatic rifles use a portion of the fired cartridge's energy to eject the spent casing and load a new round into the chamber, readying the rifle to be fired again. This design differs from manually operated rifles such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles, which need to chamber a cartridge manually before firing again, and automatic rifles, which continue firing as long as the trigger remains depressed.
Kuala Pembuang
Kuala Pembuang (abbreviated: KLP; Banjar: كوالا فمبواڠ, romanized: Kuwala Pambuwang) is the capital, administrative center, and economic center of Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Initially, Kuala Pembuang was a sub-district (in the administrative division of the Seruyan Hilir district) before being divided into two sub-districts, namely Kuala Pembuang I and Kuala Pembuang II.

Kuala Pembuang is known to be rich in natural resources and has beautiful natural scenery. Thus, this city has many places of interest to tourists.  Even so, the development of this city is still constrained by limited funds.

Pemboewan
Pemboewan or Pemboeang (Banjar: pambuang walanda) was a subdistrict (Dutch: onderdistrict) of the Dutch East Indies, located in modern-day Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Pemboewan is believed to have been the forerunner of the current Seruyan Regency. This district was established not long after Sunan Nata Alam handed over Pembuang Banjar to the  Dutch VOC.
Natitingou
Natitingou [na.ti.tɛ̃ŋ.gu], informally referred to as Nati [na.ti], is a city and commune in north western Benin and the capital of Atakora Department. The commune covers an area of 3045 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 104,010 people.

Natitingou, like many areas of Benin, is home to a constituent monarchy.

Communes of Benin
The departments of Benin are subdivided into 77 communes, which in turn are divided into arrondissements and finally into villages or city districts. Prior to 1999 provinces were broken down into 84 districts, titled either urban or rural.  Before independence, the six provinces were subdivided into cercles, cantons, préfectures and villages or towns.

The communes are listed below, by department:
Windermere, Florida
Windermere is a town in Orange County, Florida, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 3,030. It is situated on an isthmus between Lake Down and Lake Butler, and is part of the Orlando Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Greater Orlando
The Orlando metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida metropolitan statistical area, MSA) is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange (including Orlando), Osceola, and Seminole.

According to the 2020 U.S. census, the population of Greater Orlando is 2,673,376, an increase of nearly 540,000 new residents between 2010 and 2020.

By population, it is the third-largest metropolitan area in Florida, the seventh-largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 22nd-largest in the United States. The MSA encompasses 4,012 square miles (10,400 km2) of total area (both land and water areas).
Fenes, Nordland
Fenes is a village in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the island of Landegode about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of the town of Bodø. The village is located on the south side of the island, where the majority of the island residents live. It is the location of Landegode Church.

Landegode
Landegode (also written as Landego) is an island in Vestfjorden, just north of Bodø in Nordland county, Norway.  The island belongs to Bodø Municipality and has an area of 30.75-square-kilometre (11.87 sq mi).  The highest point on the mountainous island is the 802-metre (2,631 ft) tall Rypdalstinden.

The island is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the town of Bodø and about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) east of the Helligvær islands.

Most of the 48 islanders (in 2017) live in the southern village of Fenes. Landegode Church is also located in Fenes. Just off of the north end of the island, there are two lighthouses: Landegode Lighthouse and Bjørnøy Lighthouse.
Conceptus
A conceptus (from Latin: concipere, to conceive) is an embryo and its appendages (adnexa), the associated membranes, placenta, and umbilical cord; the products of conception or, more broadly, "the product of conception at any point between fertilization and birth." The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes: amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac.

Gestational sac
The gestational sac is the large cavity of fluid surrounding the embryo. During early embryogenesis, it consists of the extraembryonic coelom, also called the chorionic cavity. The gestational sac is normally contained within the uterus. It is the only available structure that can be used to determine if an intrauterine pregnancy exists until the embryo can be identified.

On obstetric ultrasound, the gestational sac is a dark (anechoic) space surrounded by a white (hyperechoic) rim.
Nur ad-Din Shahanshah
Emir Nur Al-Dawla Shahanshah ibn Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb ibn Shādhi ibn Marwan, or simply Shahanshah, was the eldest son of the Kurdish mercenary Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb, thus brother of Saladin and military commander of Zengid Emirate. He was the father of Farrukh Shah and Al-Muzaffar I Umar.

Shahanshah who was emir of Baalbek was killed in an engagement against the crusaders during the Siege of Damascus in 1148.

Najm al-Din Ayyub
al-Malik al-Afdal Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb ibn Shādhi ibn Marwān (Arabic: الملك ألأفضل نجم الدين أيوب بن شاذي بن مروان, Kurdish: نەجمەدین ئەییووبی شادی مەڕوان, romanized: Necmeddin Eyûbî Şadî Meřiwan; died August 9, 1173), or simply Najmadin, was a Kurdish mercenary and politician from Dvin, and the father of Saladin. He is the eponymous ancestor of the Ayyubid dynasty.
Alice Burke (footballer)
Alice Burke (born 3 October 2002) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for St Kilda in the AFL Women's (AFLW).

Burke's father, Nathan Burke, played over 300 games for St Kilda in the Australian Football League competition, and formerly coached the Western Bulldogs between 2020 and 2023. Her debut game was a victory against the Bulldogs in the opening round of the 2021 AFLW season.  It was revealed Burke had signed on with the Saints for two more years on 30 June 2021, tying her to the club until the end of the 2022/2023 season.

She was educated at Haileybury College.

Nathan Burke
Nathan Burke (born 6 February 1970) is a former Australian rules footballer and former coach of the Western Bulldogs team in the AFL Women's competition (AFLW).

A tough rover, Burke is considered one of the most courageous footballers to play for the St Kilda Football Club. Burke set the club record for most games—323—at his retirement, which remained the benchmark until broken by former teammate Robert Harvey in round 7, 2006. Dozens of concussions during Burke's career led to him using a helmet.

In 2021, he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.
Cricket World Cup League 2
The ICC Men's Cricket World Cup League 2 is an international cricket competition contested in the One Day International format and the second level of the three-league (now two leagues) Cricket World Cup qualification system which was introduced in 2019. Seven teams participate and either directly advance to the World Cup Qualifier or advance to the World Cup Qualifier Play-off for another chance to enter the Qualifier. Two teams from the Qualifier qualify for the next Cricket World Cup. League 2 and the Qualifier Play-off replaced the ICC World Cricket League Championship and ICC World Cricket League Division Two for determining World Cup qualification. The first edition was in 2019–2023, played from August 2019 to March 2023.

Cricket World Cup qualification
Cricket World Cup qualification is the process national cricket teams go through to qualify for the Cricket World Cup. The Cricket World Cup is a global event, and qualification is used to reduce the large field of participants from about 100 to 10–14. The qualification process has started as early as almost 7 years before the World Cup.
Margarete Wallmann
Margarete Wallmann or Wallman (aka Margarethe Wallmann, Margherita Wallman or Margarita Wallmann) (22 June or July 1901 or 1904 – 2 May 1992)
was a ballerina, choreographer, stage designer, and opera director.

Dialogues of the Carmelites
Dialogues des Carmélites (French pronunciation: [djalɔɡ de kaʁmelit], Dialogues of the Carmelites), FP 159, is an opera in three acts, divided into twelve scenes with linking orchestral interludes, with music and libretto by Francis Poulenc, completed in 1956. Poulenc wrote the libretto for his second opera after the work of the same name by Georges Bernanos, itself based on The Song at the Scaffold by Gertrud von Le Fort. This is a fictionalized version of the story of the Martyrs of Compiègne, Carmelite nuns who, in 1794 during the closing days of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution, were guillotined in Paris for refusing to renounce their vocation.

The world première of the opera occurred (in Italian translation) on 26 January 1957 at La Scala in Milan.  The première of the French-language version took place in Paris on 21 June 1957.  The United States première, in English, followed in San Francisco in September 1957.
Battle of An
The Battle of An (Chinese: 鞍之战; pinyin: Ān zhī Zhàn) was fought during the Spring and Autumn period of Ancient China in 589 BC at Hua Hill in the area of the present-day city of Jinan, Shandong between the states of Qi and Jin. It ended in a victory for the state of Jin and eventually resulted in an alliance between the two states.

Two of the three surviving commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Zuo Zhuan and the Guliang Zhuan, describe the event that led to
the battle as an insult that Xi Ke, an emissary of Jin, suffered at the court of Qi in 592 BC, but the two accounts differ on the nature of the insult. According to the
Zuo Zhuan, the Duke of Qi allowed women to watch the emissary's visit from behind a screen, the women then insulted the emissary with their
laughter. The Guliang Zhuan claims that the Duke of Qi insulted the emissaries of four visiting states (Jin, Wey, Lu, and Cao) by assigning each of them a servant who shared their respective physical defects.

Jin (Chinese state)
Jin (traditional Chinese: 晉; simplified Chinese: 晋, Old Chinese: *tsi[n]-s), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403 BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han, Zhao, and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States period.
Gyalrongic languages
The Gyalrongic languages (also known as Rgyalrongic or Jiarongic) constitute a branch of the Qiangic languages of Sino-Tibetan, but some propose that it may be part of a larger Rung languages group and do not consider it to be particularly closely related to Qiangic but suggest that similarities between Gyalrongic and Qiangic may be from areal influence. However, other work suggests that Qiangic as a whole may in fact be paraphyletic, with the only commonalities of the supposed "branch" being shared archaisms and areal features that were encouraged by language contact. Jacques & Michaud (2011) propose that Qiangic including Gyalrongic may belong to a larger Burmo-Qiangic group based on some lexical innovations.

Qiangic languages
Qiangic (Chʻiang, Kyang, Tsiang, Chinese: 羌語支, "Qiang language group"; also Rmaic, formerly known as Dzorgaic) is a group of related languages within the Sino-Tibetan language family. They are spoken mainly in Southwest China, including Sichuan and northern Yunnan. Most Qiangic languages are distributed in the prefectures of Ngawa, Garzê, Ya'an and Liangshan in Sichuan with some in Northern Yunnan as well.

Qiangic speakers are variously classified as part of the Qiang, Tibetan, Pumi, Nakhi, and Mongol ethnic groups by the People's Republic of China.

The extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia is classified as Qiangic by some linguists, including Matisoff (2004) and Guillaume Jacques. The undeciphered Nam language of China may possibly be related to Qiangic.

Lamo, Larong and Drag-yab, or the Chamdo languages, a group of three closely related Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Chamdo, Eastern Tibet, may or may not be Qiangic.
Jussieu Peninsula
Jussieu Peninsula is a peninsula located at the south east end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.  
It is bounded by Proper Bay and Spalding Cove within the natural harbour known as Port Lincoln to the north, Spencer Gulf to the east and the Great Australian Bight to the south.  While it was first explored and mapped by Matthew Flinders during February 1802, Flinders did not name it.  In 1913, the name proposed  by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet from Baudin's expedition when it visited later in 1802 was declared as the peninsula's official name by the Government of South Australia.  Jussieu refers to the French botanist, Antoine Laurent de Jussieu.  While parts of its surface have been cleared and used for agricultural purposes in the past, it is currently occupied by two protected areas: the Lincoln National Park and the Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area.

Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area
Memory Cove Wilderness Protection Area is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on the south east tip of Jussieu Peninsula on Eyre Peninsula and on a number of nearby islands about 25 km (16 mi) south-south east of Port Lincoln. It was established in 2004 on land previously part of the Lincoln National Park. The protection area contains significant sites of natural, indigenous and early European heritage.