hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menachem Mendel Schneersohn
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (Yiddish: מנחם מענדל שניאורסאהן; September 20, 1789 – March 17, 1866), also known as the Tzemach Tzedek (Hebrew: "Righteous Sprout" or "Righteous Scion"), was an Orthodox rabbi, leading 19th-century posek, and the third Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement.

Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn
Yosef Yitzchak (Joseph Isaac) Schneersohn (Yiddish: יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן; 21 June 1880 – 28 January 1950) was an Orthodox rabbi and the sixth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement. He is also known as the Frierdiker Rebbe (Yiddish for "Previous Rebbe"), the Rebbe RaYYaTz, or the Rebbe Rayatz (an acronym for Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak). After many years of fighting to keep Orthodox Judaism alive from within the Soviet Union, he was forced to leave; he continued to conduct the struggle from Latvia, and then Poland, and eventually the United States, where he spent the last ten years of his life.
Toensbergia
Toensbergia is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sporastatiaceae. These lichens form pale, granular crusts on moist soil, mossy rocks, and conifer bark, spreading primarily through powdery particles rather than sexual reproduction. The genus was established in 2013 and named after the Norwegian lichenologist Tor Tønsberg for his work on bark-dwelling lichens.

Tor Tønsberg
Tor Tønsberg (born 1948 in Oslo) is a Norwegian lichenologist who has made significant contributions to the taxonomy, chemistry, floristics, and phytogeography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Throughout his career, he has described more than one hundred species and genera new to science, advancing the knowledge of lichens in Europe and North America.
1975 Tour de France
The 1975 Tour de France was the 62nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 20 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 4,000 km (2,485 mi). Eddy Merckx was attempting to win his sixth Tour de France, but became a victim of violence. Many French spectators were upset that a Belgian might beat the record of five wins set by France's Jacques Anquetil. During stage 14 a spectator leapt from the crowd and punched Merckx in the kidney. Frenchman Bernard Thévenet took over the lead. After Merckx subsequently fell and broke his cheekbone, he was unable to challenge Thévenet, who went on to win the Tour with Merckx second.

Belgian cyclists were successful in the secondary classifications: the points classification was won by Rik Van Linden, mountains classification by Lucien Van Impe, and the intermediate sprints classification by Marc Demeyer. For the first time, there was young rider classification, won by Italian Francesco Moser.

Young rider classification in the Tour de France
The young rider classification is a secondary competition in the Tour de France, that started in 1975. Excluding the years 1989 to 1999, the leader of the young rider classification wears a white jersey (French: maillot blanc). It goes to whichever eligible rider has the best time in the general classification.

The requirements to be eligible for the young rider classification have changed over the years but have always been such that experienced cyclists were not eligible, sometimes by excluding cyclists over a certain age, cyclists who had entered the Tour de France before, or cyclists who had been professional for more than two years. In the most recent years, only cyclists who will remain below 26 in the year the race is held are eligible.

In the Tour de France Femmes, the white jersey is awarded to the highest placed rider in the general classification under the age of 23.
Isabel Lucas
Isabel Lucas (born 29 January 1985) is an Australian actress, environmentalist and model. She is best known for her roles in Home and Away (2003–06), Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Daybreakers (2009), The Waiting City (2009), The Pacific (2010), Immortals (2011), A Heartbeat Away (2011), Red Dawn (2012), The Loft (2014), The Water Diviner (2014), Knight of Cups (2015), and That's Not Me (2017). In 2015, she acted beside Nick Jonas in the thriller film Careful What You Wish For. In 2017, Lucas joined the American television series MacGyver. In 2018, she appeared in In Like Flynn which was a success in Australia, New Zealand, and Britain, and the same year played Brooke in Chasing Comets. Later in 2009, Lucas won Best Breakout Performance Female at SPIKE TV's 2009 Scream Awards for her role in Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. In 2011 Lucas won a Young Hollywood Award for Female Star of Tomorrow. In 2012, Lucas starred in Ed Sheeran's "Give Me Love" music video.

Give Me Love (Ed Sheeran song)
"Give Me Love" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released as the sixth and final single from his debut studio album, + (pronounced "Plus"), on 21 November 2012. The song was written by Sheeran, Jake Gosling and Chris Leonard. The single peaked at number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. On the album, Sheeran's cover of the traditional Irish folk song "The Parting Glass" is included at the end as a hidden track. A cover of the song recorded live at the Capital FM Studios in London on 30 May 2014, is featured on the deluxe version of American singer Demi Lovato's fourth album, Demi.

The music video, directed by Emil Nava, features Australian actress Isabel Lucas.

The song was used in episodes of Cougar Town and The Vampire Diaries.
Sittin' In (Loggins and Messina album)
Sittin' In  is the debut studio album by singer-songwriters Loggins and Messina, released in 1971.

It began as a solo album by Kenny Loggins; Jim Messina was with Columbia Records, serving as an independent producer when he met Loggins. In the course of producing Loggins' work, Messina composed several songs and provided backing vocals and guitar, leading to the album's full title, Kenny Loggins with Jim Messina Sittin' In.

MFSL released an audiophile version of Sittin' In on the label's silver compact disc series in 1989. In 1994, Columbia Records' Sony Mastersound division also did their own remastering and released it as a gold CD. A new remastering by Kevin Gray was released as a vinyl-only pressing on 180-gram audiophile vinyl by Friday Music on May 10, 2011. In 2015, it was released by the Audio Fidelity label on a hybrid SACD that was mastered by Kevin Gray.

Kenny Loggins
Kenneth Clark Loggins (born January 7, 1948) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His early songs were recorded with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1970, which led to seven albums recorded with Jim Messina as Loggins and Messina from 1972 to 1977. His early soundtrack contributions date back to A Star Is Born in 1976, and he is known as the "King of the Movie Soundtrack". As a solo artist, Loggins experienced a string of soundtrack successes, including an Academy Award nomination for "Footloose" in 1985. Finally Home was released in 2013, shortly after Loggins formed the group Blue Sky Riders with Gary Burr and Georgia Middleman. He has won two Grammy Awards and a Daytime Emmy Award; and was nominated for an Academy Award, a Tony Award, and a Golden Globe Award.
World revolution
World revolution is the Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism in all countries through the conscious revolutionary action of the organized working class. For theorists, these revolutions will not necessarily occur simultaneously, but where and when local conditions allow a revolutionary party to successfully replace bourgeois ownership and rule, and install a workers' state based on social ownership of the means of production. In many Marxist schools, such as Trotskyism and communist left, the essentially international character of the class struggle and the necessity of global scope are critical elements and a chief explanation of the failure of socialism in one country.

The end goal of such internationally oriented revolutionary socialism is to achieve world socialism, and later, a communist society.

Revolutionary wave
A revolutionary wave (sometimes revolutionary decade) is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a particular timespan. In many cases, past revolutions and revolutionary waves have inspired current ones, or an initial revolution has inspired other concurrent "affiliate revolutions" with similar aims.
The causes of revolutionary waves have become the subjects of study by historians and political philosophers, including Robert Roswell Palmer, Crane Brinton, Hannah Arendt, Eric Hoffer, and Jacques Godechot.

Writers and activists, including Justin Raimondo and Michael Lind, have used the phrase "revolutionary wave" to describe discrete revolutions happening within a short time-span.
Shunyo-kai art society
Shunyo-kai art society (Japanese: 春陽会, romanized: Shun'yōkai, lit. 'Spring Sun Society'), is a Japanese art society founded in 1922 by the Western-style (yōga) artists from the painting department of Nihon Bijutsuin (English: Japan Visual Arts Academy). As of 2021, they have some 200 members. They annually hold a large scale exhibition at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum.

Yōga
Yōga (洋画; literally "Western-style painting") is a style of artistic painting in Japan, typically of Japanese subjects, themes, or landscapes, but using Western (European) artistic conventions, techniques, and materials.  The term was coined in the Meiji period (1868–1912) to distinguish Western-influenced artwork from indigenous, or more traditional Japanese paintings, or Nihonga (日本画).
How to Be Single
How to Be Single is a 2016 American romantic comedy film directed by Christian Ditter and written by Abby Kohn, Marc Silverstein and Dana Fox, based on the novel of the same name by Liz Tuccillo. It stars Dakota Johnson, Rebel Wilson, Damon Wayans Jr., Anders Holm, Alison Brie, Nicholas Braun, Jake Lacy, Jason Mantzoukas, and Leslie Mann, and follows a group of women in New York City who have different approaches on how to be single.

The film was theatrically released in the United States on February 12, 2016, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It grossed $112 million worldwide and received mixed reviews from critics.

Liz Tuccillo
Liz Tuccillo is an American writer and producer best known for her work on the HBO comedy series Sex and the City and for co-authoring (with Greg Behrendt) the self-help book He's Just Not That Into You, for which they won a Quill Award. Her first novel, How to Be Single, was published in June 2008 and adapted into a feature film in 2016.

Tuccillo created the 2005 television series Related, which aired on the WB network. She directed and wrote the 2008 film Gone to the Dogs and the film Take Care which premiered at South by Southwest in March 2014.
Bathurst War
The Bathurst War (1824) was a war in present-day New South Wales, Australia, between the Wiradjuri tribes and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The successful Blaxland, Lawson, and Wentworth expedition of 1813 to find a route through the "impenetrable" Blue Mountains allowed the colony to expand onto the vast fertile plains of the west.

British expansion into the land was initially slow, but following a change of government, Governor Thomas Brisbane came to power allowing a flood of land grants to the west of the Blue Mountains. The enormous influx of British colonists put massive strain on the traditional food sources and sacred landmarks of the Wiradjuri. By early 1824, war had broken out in which the Wiradjuri adopted a guerrilla-style approach. After Governor Brisbane declared martial law, the resistance soon collapsed in late 1824.

Thomas Brisbane
Major-General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, 1st Baronet (23 July 1773 – 27 January 1860) was a British Army officer, colonial administrator and astronomer. He served in many important wars of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, including front-line action during the Peninsular War. Upon the recommendation of the Duke of Wellington, with whom Brisbane had served, he was appointed as Governor of New South Wales from 1821 to 1825.

In the colony, he implemented expansionist land policies that benefited wealthy colonists, while also augmenting the system of convict punishment. A keen astronomer, he built the colony's second observatory and encouraged scientific and agricultural training. Brisbane also declared martial law against the Indigenous Wiradjuri people to quash their resistance to colonisation. The convict settlement of Brisbane established during his tenure was named in his honour and is now the third largest city in Australia.
Marcus Monk
Marcus Monk (born April 26, 1986) is an American former professional football wide receiver and a former professional basketball player. He was selected by the Chicago Bears in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL draft. He played college football at Arkansas. Monk was also a member of the New York Giants and Carolina Panthers. Between 2010 and 2012, he played pro basketball in Germany. He is the older brother of basketball player Malik Monk.

Malik Monk
Malik Ahmad Monk (born February 4, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played one season of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats, earning consensus second-team All-American honors in 2017. Monk was selected in the first round of the 2017 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets with the 11th overall pick. He has also played for the Los Angeles Lakers.
Chase-Hubbard-Williams House
Chase-Hubbard-Williams House is a historic home located at Lockport in Niagara County, New York.  It is a stone structure built in 1870 in the Italianate style. A 1900 remodeling was in the Colonial Revival style.  In 1958, the property was acquired by the Presbytery of Buffalo and Niagara and converted to a nursing home. It is one of approximately 75 stone residences remaining in the city of Lockport.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. It is located in the High and Locust Streets Historic District.

High and Locust Streets Historic District
High and Locust Streets Historic District is a national historic district located in Lockport in Niagara County, New York. The district includes 120 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential area of the city.   The district developed between about 1840 and 1936, and includes buildings in a variety of architectural styles, including Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman.  Located in the district are the separately listed Chase-Crowley-Keep House, Chase-Hubbard-Williams House, and Thomas Oliver House. Other notable buildings include the F.N. Nelson House (c. 1850), Calvin Haines/Alonzo J. Mansfield House (c. 1860), J. Dunville House (c. 1907), Ambrose S. Beverly House (c. 1875), Dr. Martin S. Kittinger House (c. 1870), and F. N. Nelson House/Lockport Home for the Friendless (c. 1850).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
2019 Super2 Series
The 2019 Super2 Series was an Australian motor racing competition for Supercars, a support series to the 2019 Supercars Championship. It was the twentieth running of the Supercars Development Series, the second tier of competition in Supercars racing. The series was promoted as the 2019 Dunlop Super2 Series.

Bryce Fullwood won the series with one round to spare in the MW Motorsport prepared Nissan Altima L33

Bryce Fullwood
Bryce Fullwood (born 11 May 1998 in Darwin, Australia) is an Australian racing driver currently racing in the Repco Supercars Championship with Brad Jones Racing in the No. 14 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1
In 2019, Fullwood won the Dunlop Super2 Series with MW Motorsport.
Chance Records
Chance Records was a Chicago-based label founded in 1950 by Art Sheridan.  It specialized in blues, jazz, doo-wop, and gospel.

Among the acts who recorded for Chance were The Flamingos, The Moonglows, Homesick James, J. B. Hutto, Brother John Sellers, and Schoolboy Porter.  In addition, Chance released three singles by John Lee Hooker and made a coordinated issue of the first singles by Jimmy Reed and The Spaniels with the brand-new and still tiny Vee-Jay Records.

The company closed down at the end of 1954.  Sheridan became one of the financial backers of Vee-Jay.

J. B. Hutto
Joseph Benjamin Hutto (April 26, 1926 – June 12, 1983) was an American blues musician. Influenced by Elmore James, Hutto became known for his slide guitar playing and declamatory style of singing. He was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame two years after his death.
Marine Corps Security Force Battalion Bangor
The Marine Corps Security Force Battalion Bangor (MCSFBn Bangor) is part of the Marine Corps Security Force Regiment. Its mission is to provide dedicated security support to Strategic Weapons Facility, Pacific (SWFPAC) operations.

Marine Corps Security Force Regiment
The Marine Corps Security Force Regiment is a dedicated expeditionary security and anti-terrorism regiment of the United States Marine Corps. Its mission is to provide security forces to guard high-value naval installations, most notably those containing nuclear vessels and weapons. Additionally, it also provides the Fleet Anti-terrorism Security Teams (FAST) and Recapture Tactics Teams (RTT). Marines who complete Security Forces training are assigned a secondary Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) of 8152 (Marine Corps Security Force Guard), while instructors can earn 8153 (Marine Corps Security Force Cadre Trainer).
Consonant mutation
Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.

Mutation occurs in languages around the world. A prototypical example of consonant mutation is the initial consonant mutation of all modern Celtic languages. Initial consonant mutation is also found in Indonesian or Malay, in Nivkh, in Southern Paiute and in several West African languages such as Fula. The Nilotic language Dholuo, spoken in Kenya, shows mutation of stem-final consonants, as does English to a small extent. Mutation of initial, medial and final consonants is found in Modern Hebrew. Also, Japanese exhibits word medial consonant mutation involving voicing, rendaku, in many compounds. Uralic languages like Finnish show consonant gradation, a type of consonant mutation.

Fortition
In articulatory phonetics, fortition, also known as strengthening, is a consonantal change that increases the degree of stricture. It is the opposite of the more common lenition. For example, a fricative or an approximant may become a stop (i.e. [v] becomes [b] or [r] becomes [d]). Although not as typical of sound change as lenition, fortition may occur in prominent positions, such as at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable; as an effect of reducing markedness; or due to morphological leveling.
Rachelle Lefevre
Rachelle Marie Lefevre (/ləˈfɛv/ lə-FEV, French: [ʁaʃɛl maʁi ləfɛvʁ]; born February 1, 1979) is a Canadian American actress. She has starred in the television series Big Wolf on Campus and had recurring roles in What About Brian, Boston Legal, and Swingtown. She played the vampire Victoria in the first two films of the Twilight saga. In 2011, she starred in the ABC medical drama Off the Map, followed by the CBS series A Gifted Man (2011–2012) and Under the Dome (2013–2015). In 2019, she starred in the FOX legal series Proven Innocent.

A Gifted Man
A Gifted Man is an American fantasy medical drama television series that premiered on CBS on September 23, 2011. The series is about a talented but self-absorbed surgeon (Patrick Wilson) who starts questioning his purpose in life when he is visited by the spirit of his deceased ex-wife (Jennifer Ehle).

On May 10, 2012, CBS canceled the series after one season.
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim
Yeshivas Chofetz Chaim (also known as the Rabbinical Seminary of America) is an Orthodox yeshiva based in Kew Gardens Hills, Queens, New York, United States. It is primarily an American, non-chasidic Haredi Talmudic yeshiva. The yeshiva is legally titled Rabbinical Seminary of America (RSA) but is often referred to as just Chofetz Chaim as that was the nickname of its namesake, Yisroel Meir Kagan. It has affiliate branches in Israel and North America.

Yisrael Meir Kagan
Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen Kagan (February 6, 1838 – September 15, 1933) was a Lithuanian Jewish rabbi, and posek (decider on points of Jewish law, and ethicist whose works are widely influential in Orthodox Jewish life. He was known popularly as the Chofetz Chaim, after his book with that title on lashon hara (derogatory gossip), and was also well known for the Mishna Berurah, his book on ritual law.
Bravo My Life
Bravo My Life (Korean: 브라보 마이 라이프) is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Do Ji-won, Park Sang-min, Yeon Jung-hoon, Jeong Yu-mi, Hyun Woo, and Kang Ji-sub. The series airs four consecutive episodes on Saturday on SBS TV from 8:55 p.m. to 11:15 p.m. (KST) starting from October 21, 2017.

Yeon Jung-hoon
Yeon Jung-hoon (born November 6, 1978) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for generational epic East of Eden (2008), crime procedural Vampire Prosecutor (2011–2012) and the domestically popular weekend drama Pots of Gold (2013). Outside of acting, Yeon hosted the first three seasons of Top Gear Korea, the South Korean version of the BBC show, and was a cast member of the popular variety-reality show 2 Days & 1 Night (2019–2024).
Ettore Fieramosca (1938 film)
Ettore Fieramosca is a 1938 Italian historical film directed by Alessandro Blasetti and starring Gino Cervi, Mario Ferrari and Elisa Cegani. It is adapted from the 1833 novel of the same title by Massimo D'Azeglio, based on the life of the 16th century condottiero Ettore Fieramosca.

Mario Ferrari
Mario Ferrari (September 3, 1894 – June 28, 1974) was an Italian film actor. After making his debut in 1920, Ferrari became a mainstay of Italian cinema during the Fascist era appearing in a mixture of leading and supporting roles. He played the villainous Graiano d'Asti in the historical film Ettore Fieramosca (1938). Ferrari continued to work regularly in the post-Second World War years.
V-Dem Institute
The V-Dem Institute (an abbreviation of Varieties of Democracy Institute), founded by Staffan I. Lindberg in 2014, is an independent research institute that serves as the headquarters of the V-Dem Project, a database that seeks to conceptualize and measure democracy. V-Dem defines democracy using seven key principles (electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian, majoritarian, and consensual) that emphasize the concept of "rule of the people." As part of its work, it publishes a dataset known as the V-Dem Democracy Indices that is based on its key principles.

The headquarters of the project is based at the department of political science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

V-Dem Democracy Indices
The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies. It is published annually. Datasets released by the V-Dem Institute include information on hundreds of indicator variables describing various aspects of government, especially on the quality of democracy, inclusivity, and other economic indicators.

In 2020, the V-Dem index had "more than 470 indicators, 82 mid-level indices, and 5 high-level indices covering 202 polities from the period of 1789–2019".