hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Colored dissolved organic matter
Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is the optically measurable component of dissolved organic matter in water. Also known as chromophoric dissolved organic matter, yellow substance, and gelbstoff, CDOM occurs naturally in aquatic environments and is a complex mixture of many hundreds to thousands of individual, unique organic matter molecules, which are primarily leached from decaying detritus and organic matter. CDOM most strongly absorbs short wavelength light ranging from blue to ultraviolet, whereas pure water absorbs longer wavelength red light. Therefore, water with little or no CDOM, such as the open ocean, appears blue. Waters containing high amounts of CDOM can range from brown, as in many rivers, to yellow and yellow-brown in coastal waters. In general, CDOM concentrations are much higher in fresh waters and estuaries than in the open ocean, though concentrations are highly variable, as is the estimated contribution of CDOM to the total dissolved organic matter pool.

Detritus
In biology, detritus (/dəˈtraɪtəs/ or /ˈdɛtrɪtəs/) is organic matter made up of the decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decompose (remineralise) it. Such microorganisms may be decomposers, detritivores, or coprophages.

In terrestrial ecosystems detritus is present as plant litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, known as soil organic matter. The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic substances suspended in the water and accumulated in depositions on the floor of the body of water; when this floor is a seabed, such a deposition is called marine snow.
Yale (commote)
Yale (Welsh: Iâl) was a commote of medieval Wales within the cantref of Maelor in the Kingdom of Powys. When the Kingdom was divided in 1160, Maelor became part of the Princely realm of Powys Fadog (Lower Powys or Madog's Powys), and belonged to the Royal House of Powys. Yale eventually merged with another commote and became the Lordship of Bromfield and Yale, later a royal lordship under the Tudors and Stuarts.

Maelor
53°00′N 2°55′W﻿ / ﻿53.0°N 2.91°W﻿ / 53.0; -2.91

The Maelor is an area of north-east Wales along the border with England. It is now entirely part of Wrexham County Borough. The name Maelor is an old Welsh word: it can be translated as "land of the prince", from mael ("prince") and llawr ("low ground", "region").
Hypervalent molecule
In chemistry, a hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), chlorine trifluoride (ClF3), the chlorite (ClO−2) ion in chlorous acid and the triiodide (I−3) ion are examples of hypervalent molecules.

Triiodide
In chemistry, triiodide usually refers to the triiodide ion, I−3. This anion, one of the polyhalogen ions, is composed of three iodine atoms. It is formed by combining aqueous solutions of iodide salts and iodine. Some salts of the anion have been isolated, including thallium(I) triiodide (Tl+[I3]−) and ammonium triiodide ([NH4]+[I3]−). Triiodide is observed to be a red colour in solution.
U.S. Route 98
U.S. Route 98 (US 98) is an east–west United States Highway in the Southeastern United States that runs from western Mississippi to southern Florida. It was established in 1933 as a route between Pensacola and Apalachicola, Florida, and has since been extended westward into Mississippi and eastward across the Florida Peninsula. It runs along much of the Gulf Coast between Mobile, Alabama, and Crystal River, Florida, including extensive sections closely following the coast between Mobile and St. Marks, Florida. The highway's western terminus is with US 84 in Bude, Mississippi. Its eastern terminus is Palm Beach, Florida, at State Road A1A (SR A1A) near the Mar-a-Lago resort.

Interstate 59
Interstate 59 (I-59) is an Interstate Highway located in the southeastern United States. It is a north–south route that spans 445.23 miles (716.53 km) from a junction with I-10 and I-12 at Slidell, Louisiana, to a junction with I-24 near Wildwood, Georgia.

The highway connects the metropolitan areas of New Orleans, Louisiana; Birmingham, Alabama; and Chattanooga, Tennessee, running closely parallel to the older U.S. Route 11 (US 11) corridor for the entire distance. Approximately one-third of the route, spanning 153 miles (246 km) from Meridian, Mississippi, to Birmingham, Alabama, overlaps that of the east–west I-20.

I-59 is a four-lane freeway along its entire route, other than a short stretch from Tuscaloosa, Alabama to the southern terminus of I-459 and in Birmingham, where it widens to six lanes or more. Aside from the metropolitan areas it passes through, the I-59 corridor is mainly rural in nature, especially in Georgia.
Mineola, New York
Mineola (/mɪniˈoʊlə/, min-ee-OH-lə) is a village and the county seat of Nassau County, on Long Island, New York, United States. The population was 20,800 at the time of the 2020 census. It is considered the anchor community of the Greater Mineola area.

The Incorporated Village of Mineola is located primarily in the Town of North Hempstead, with the exception being a small portion of its southern edge within the Town of Hempstead. Old Country Road (CR 25) runs along the village's southern border.

The area serviced by the Mineola Post Office extends farther south into the adjacent village of Garden City, where the Old Nassau County Courthouse and other county offices are located. Offices of many Nassau County agencies are in both Mineola and Garden City.

Hempstead, New York
The Town of Hempstead is the most populous town in the state of New York. It is the largest of the three towns within Nassau County (alongside North Hempstead and Oyster Bay), located on Long Island, east of Queens. The population was 793,409 at the time of the 2020 census.

It occupies the southwestern part of the county, near the western end of Long Island. A total of 22 incorporated villages (one of which is named Hempstead) are completely or partially within the town.

Hofstra University's campus is located in Hempstead.
Vlorë District
Vlorë District (Albanian: Rrethi i Vlorës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 147,267 in 2001, and an area of 1,609 km2 (621 sq mi). It is in the south-west of the country, and its capital was the city of Vlorë. Its territory is now part of Vlorë County: the municipalities of Vlorë, Selenicë and Himara (partly). Its population included a Greek minority.

Districts of Albania
Districts (Albanian: rrathë or rrathët) were first and second-level administrative divisions of Albania from 1913–2000. Their number, size, and status changed over time. From 1991 to 2000, the 36 districts were organized into 12 counties. Pursuant to the 1998 Constitution and Law No. 8653, the districts were abolished and replaced with the larger counties and smaller municipalities.
Mickey Fields
Wilfred "Mickey" Fields (1932/33 – January 16, 1995) was a Baltimore-area jazz saxophonist, a local legend who refused to play outside the Baltimore area, although he was asked to leave Baltimore many times to go on the road with many famous bands.

He is recognized as one of Baltimore's most well-known jazz saxophonists and was a mentor to many other jazz musicians, including Paul H Brown.  Mickey created the "Monday Night Jam Session" at the Sportsman's Lounge, which allowed many young up and coming jazz musicians to perform onstage with him. He was also known for his constant encouragement of young artists.

Paul H. Brown
Paul Brown "PB" (March 6, 1934 – May 6, 2016), was an American jazz bassist. He was the founder of the Monday Night Jazz Series in Hartford, Connecticut, which was recognized by the Library of Congress as the oldest and longest-running free festival for jazz in the United States and featured jazz greats such as Cannonball Adderley, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, Roy Haynes, Ron Carter, Thelonious Monk, Tito Puente, Woody Shaw, Sun Ra, Bobby Hutcherson, Roy Haynes, Freddie Hubbard, Slide Hampton Horace Silver, Hugh Masekela,  and the "MJQ" Modern Jazz Quartet just to name a few. Brown also founded The Greater Hartford Festival of Jazz in 1992 to commemorate 25 years of the Monday night jazz series which in 2016, the Hartford Jazz Society renamed "Paul Brown Monday Night Jazz". He was co-founder of Hartford's Artists Collective, Inc.
Kibergsneset
Kibergsneset is a peninsula in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  The small peninsula is located on the larger Varanger Peninsula along the Barents Sea. The village of Kiberg sits on the southwestern shore of the peninsula and the town of Vardø is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the northeast.

There is a coastal fortress on the southeastern part of the peninsula. It was built by the occupying Germans during World War II. Kibergsneset is the easternmost point of mainland Norway.

Vardø Municipality
Vardø (Norwegian pronunciation: [vaɖːø] ⓘ; Finnish: Vuoreija; Kven: Vuorea; Northern Sami: Várggát) is a municipality in Finnmark county in the extreme northeastern part of Norway. Vardø is the easternmost town in Norway, more to the east than Saint Petersburg or Istanbul. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vardø. Two of the larger villages in the municipality are Kiberg and Svartnes.

The 601-square-kilometre (232 sq mi) municipality is the 188th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vardø is the 284th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,972. The municipality's population density is 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Sundance Head
Jason "Sundance" Head (born July 9, 1978) is an American country-soul singer and songwriter. He is the son of American singer Roy Head. In 2007, he was a semi-finalist on the sixth season of the Fox television series American Idol but was eliminated one week before the finals. In 2016, he became the winner of season 11 of the American The Voice. He was part of Team Blake Shelton. His winning song is "Darlin' Don't Go". In 2018, he signed onto Dean Dillon's Wildcatter Records and released the single Leave Her Wild.

Dean Dillon
Dean Dillon (born Larry Dean Flynn; March 26, 1955) is an American country musician and songwriter. Between 1982 and 1993, he recorded six studio albums on various labels, and charted several singles on the Billboard country charts. Since 1993, Dillon has continued to write hit songs for other artists, most notably George Strait.

In 2002, Dillon was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2020, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.
Aldein
Aldein (German: [alˈdaɪn]; Italian: Aldino [alˈdiːno]) is a comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of the city of Bolzano.

Aldein borders the following municipalities: Bronzolo, Montan, Deutschnofen, Auer, Truden and Ville di Fiemme. It contains the frazione (subdivision) Radein (Redagno).

Montan an der Weinstraße
Montan an der Weinstraße (Italian: Montagna sulla Strada del Vino) is a municipality with 1,701 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2018) and a village in the South of South Tyrol in northern Italy, about 15 km (9.3 miles) south of Bolzano. The name Montan derives from the Latin mons ("mountain").
Royal North Stakes
The Royal North Stakes is a Canadian Thoroughbred horse race run annually since 1989 at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario. Held in July or early August, the Grade II sprint race is open to fillies and mares aged three and older and is run over a distance of six and a half furlongs on turf. It currently offers a purse of $115,065.

Inaugurated in 1989 as the Royal North Handicap, it was run as a six furlong race on dirt until 1996 when it was switched to Woodbine Racetrack's E. P. Taylor turf course. In 2018, this race is upgraded from Grade III to Grade II.

Woodbine Racetrack
Woodbine Racetrack is a race track for Thoroughbred horse racing in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group, Woodbine Racetrack manages and hosts Canada's most famous race, the King's Plate. The track was opened in 1956 with a one-mile oval dirt track, as well as a seven-eights turf course. It has been extensively remodeled since 1993, and since 1994 has had three racecourses.
Puerto Obaldía
Puerto Obaldía is the smallest and easternmost of the four corregimientos of the Kuna Yala indigenous region of Panama, located on the border with Colombia. This is a mainland area that does not contain any islands.

It has an aerodrome with scheduled flights. There are no roads.

At the census of population of 2000, the number was 672, of which 533 resided in the main town of Puerto Obaldía. Other settlements were La Miel (pop. 80), on the Colombian border, La Boca (pop. 31), and Playa Blanca (pop. 28).

The main industry in Puerto Obaldía is Panamanian border and customs control. It is only some 10 miles from the Colombian border; boats connect it with Acandí, on the Colombian side.

Puerto Obaldía Airport
Puerto Obaldia Airport (IATA: PUE, ICAO: MPOA) is an airport serving Puerto Obaldía, a Caribbean coastal town in the Guna Yala comarca (indigenous province) of Panama.

Between 2008 and 2010, the deteriorated NW/SE runway was replaced with a longer, wider concrete runway 17/35.

The runway runs uphill from the sea. Mountainous terrain immediately south and east requires approach and departure be made over the water.

The La Palma VOR (Ident: PML) is located 45.7 nautical miles (85 km) west-southwest of the airport.
Lawrence (Seaford, Delaware)
Lawrence was a historic home located in what is now Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware. It was built about 1840 in what was then a rural area, as a three-story, three-bay, frame structure with a gable roof. It has a rear service wing. It featured a front portico supported by four square columns.  Original details, including hardware, flooring, trim, and landscaping, survived throughout the house and grounds.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is listed on the Delaware Cultural and Historic Resources GIS system as destroyed.

Seaford, Delaware
Seaford is a city located along the Nanticoke River in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. As of the 2020 census, Seaford had a population of 7,957. It is part of the Seaford, Delaware, Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is the largest city fully within Sussex County.
FC Victoria Chișinău
Fotbal Club Victoria Chișinău , commonly known as Victoria Chișinău, or simply Victoria, is a Moldovan football club based in Chișinău, Moldova. The club was founded in 1995 and currently plays in the Moldovan Liga 1, the second tier of Moldovan football.

2017 Moldovan "A" Division
The 2017 Moldovan "A" Division (Romanian: Divizia A) was the 27th season of Moldovan football's second-tier league. A total of 13 teams competed in this division. Sheriff-2 Tiraspol were the defending champions. The season began on 14 July 2017 and ended on 25 November 2017.
Kadai paneer
Kadai paneer (or kadhai paneer) is an Indian dish made by cooking paneer and bell peppers in a freshly ground spice powder. It is usually served with buttered naan, paratha, roti, jeera rice, or steamed basmati rice.

It is of two types, gravy and dry.

Paneer
Paneer (pronounced [/pəˈniːr/]), is a fresh acid-set cheese, common in cuisine of South Asia, made from cow milk or buffalo milk. It is a non-aged, non-melting soft cheese made by curdling milk with an acid, such as lemon juice or citric acid. Paneer was predominantly used in most north Indian dishes and is now commonly used throughout India due to its versatility as an ingredient in diverse dishes.
Bush Theatre
The Bush Theatre is located in the Passmore Edwards Public Library, Shepherd's Bush, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. It was established in 1972 as a showcase for the work of new writers.

Billy Roche
Billy Roche (born 11 January 1949) is an Irish playwright and actor. He was born and still lives in Wexford and most of his writings are based there. Originally a singer with The Roach Band, he turned to writing in the 1980s. He has written a number of plays, including The Wexford Trilogy. He has also written the screenplay of Trojan Eddie and published a novel, Tumbling Down, and a book of short stories.
2025 Graz school shooting
On 10 June 2025, at 09:57 CEST, a mass shooting occurred at the Dreierschützengasse secondary school in Graz, Austria.

The shooter killed 10 people and injured 11 others. The gunman died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the school lavatory and was identified as a 21-year-old former student at the school.

Gun law in Austria
Austrian law allows firearm possession on shall-issue basis with certain classes of shotguns and rifles available without permit. With approximately 30 civilian firearms per 100 people, Austria is the 14th most armed country in the world.
Ruen Icefall
The Ruen Icefall (Bulgarian: ледопад Руен, romanized: ledopad Ruen, IPA: [lɛdoˈpat ˈruɛn]) on Rozhen Peninsula in eastern Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica is situated south of Huntress Glacier, northwest of Prespa Glacier and northeast of Peshtera and Charity Glaciers.  It descends towards False Bay from the circus overlooked by Simeon Peak, St. Cyril Peak and St. Methodius Peak in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains.

Ruen is the summit of Osogovo Mountain in south-western Bulgaria.

St. Methodius Peak
St. Methodius Peak (Bulgarian: връх Св. Методий, romanized: vrah Sv. Metodiy, IPA: [ˈvrɤx svɛˈti mɛˈtɔdij]) rises to approximately 1,180m in Friesland Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island, Antarctica and surmounts Ruen Icefall to the north-northwest, Prespa Glacier to the southeast and Charity Glacier to the southwest.  Linked to St. Cyril Peak by Vladaya Saddle.

The peak is named after St. Methodius (815-885 AD).
Plymouth Dome
Plymouth Dome is a restaurant which was a former museum and visitor attraction on Plymouth Hoe, Plymouth, Devon. The museum opened in 1989 and closed in 2006. The museum had a variety of themed galleries covering the history of Plymouth as well as two observation galleries overlooking Plymouth Sound. The current tenants opened Ocean View Bar and Dining at The Dome in 2021.

Plymouth Hoe
Plymouth Hoe, referred to locally as The Hoe, is a large south-facing open public space in the English coastal city of Plymouth, Devon.

The Hoe is adjacent to and above the low limestone cliffs that form the seafront and commands views of Plymouth Sound, Drake's Island, and across the Hamoaze to Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon word hoh, a sloping ridge shaped like an inverted foot and heel (a term that survives in a few other placenames, notably Sutton Hoo).
IFSP
IFSP (German: Interface sternförmig parallel, Russian: Интерфейс радиальный параллельный (ИРПР)), or radial parallel interface, was a parallel interface similar to the Centronics connector (IEEE 1284) but incompatible, as it had different signal polarities and handshake protocol. It was used in printers and computers manufactured in Comecon.

All printer input signal lines were pulled up to +5V by a 220 Ohm resistor, and pulled down to ground by a 330 Ohm resistor. This allowed usage of longer cables compared to Centronics, but overloaded most usual Centronics adapters.

Some devices allowed switching between IFSP and Centronics modes, i.e. Robotron 6319—6329 were manufactured with interchangeable interface modules, allowing usage of IFSP, IFSS and Centronics.

IEEE 1284
IEEE 1284, also known as the Centronics port, is a standard that defines bi-directional parallel communications between computers and other devices. It was originally developed in the 1970s by Centronics before its IEEE standardization.
The Times-Independent
The Times-Independent (sometimes abbreviated The T-I) is a weekly newspaper located in Moab, Utah and serving Grand County, Utah.

The company is the successor to the Grand Valley Times (started 1896) and Moab Independent, which merged in 1919. The Taylor family owned the paper for over 100 years. They donated the paper to The Salt Lake Tribune in 2023.

The Salt Lake Tribune
The Salt Lake Tribune is a newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Tribune is owned by The Salt Lake Tribune, Inc., a non-profit corporation. The newspaper's motto is "Utah's Independent Voice Since 1871."
Lanfert
Lanfert is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the district Hochsauerlandkreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The hamlet has 6 inhabitants and lies in the northeast of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 505 m. Rellmecke borders on the villages of Bödefeld and Walbecke. The river Valme flows through the hamlet.

Schmallenberg
Schmallenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃmalənbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Smalmereg) is a town and a climatic health resort in the High Sauerland District, Germany. By area, it is the third biggest of all cities and towns of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the second biggest of the region of Westphalia.

With small Schmallenberg central town and the rural Bad Fredeburg Kneipp health resort the town has two urban settlements. Additionally, 82 villages and hamlets belong to the town's territory. Also being called “the Schmallenberg Sauerland”, the Town of Schmallenberg is famous for its total of five health resorts and nine villages which have been awarded gold for their beauty in the nationwide “Our village has a future” contest.
Lyceum of the Philippines University – Laguna
The Lyceum of the Philippines University – Laguna (formerly Lyceum Institute of Technology), one of the campuses of the Lyceum of the Philippines University, is an institute of higher education located in Km. 54, Brgy. Makiling, Calamba in the province of Laguna, Philippines. It was founded by Senator Sotero H. Laurel on January 18, 2000 as the third campus of the LPU system after Manila and Batangas.

Currently, Lyceum of the Philippines University has 43 degree, non-degree, masters, and doctorate programs to offer.

Sotero Laurel
Sotero Cosme "Teroy" Hidalgo Laurel II (September 27, 1918 – September 16, 2009) was a Filipino politician and educator who served as a Senator from 1987 until 1992, including a period as President pro tempore from 1990 until 1991. Laurel was the son of the former President of the Philippines José P. Laurel and the older brother of former Vice President Salvador Laurel. Laurel was nicknamed "Teroy."
Thomas Francis Markham
Thomas Francis Markham (March 22, 1891 – June 9, 1952) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. He served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston in Massachusetts from 1950 to 1952.

Archdiocese of Boston
The Archdiocese of Boston (Latin: Archidiœcesis Bostoniensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in eastern Massachusetts in the United States. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston.

The Diocese of Boston was erected in 1808, branching off from the Diocese of Baltimore. It grew rapidly during the 19th century; today it is the fourth largest archdiocese in the United States. Starting in 2002, the archdiocese faced a sexual abuse scandal which touched off investigations of Catholic Church sexual abuse cases throughout the United States. Richard G. Henning is the archbishop.