hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Formal Aspects of Computing
Formal Aspects of Computing (FAC) is a peer-reviewed Gold Open Access journal published by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the BCS (British Computer Society, the Chartered Institute for IT). The journal has been and is closely associated with the BCS-FACS Specialist Group on Formal Aspects of Computing Science and Formal Methods Europe.

British Computer Society
The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in information technology (IT), computing, software engineering, computer engineering and computer science, both in the United Kingdom and internationally. Founded in October 14, 1957, BCS has played an important role in educating and nurturing IT professionals, computer scientists, software engineers, computer engineers, upholding the profession, accrediting Chartered IT Professional (CITP) and Chartered Engineer (CEng) status, and creating a global community active in promoting and furthering the field and practice of computing.
8-cube
In geometry, an 8-cube is an eight-dimensional hypercube. It has 256 vertices, 1024 edges, 1792 square faces, 1792 cubic cells, 1120 tesseract 4-faces, 448 5-cube 5-faces, 112 6-cube 6-faces, and 16 7-cube 7-faces.

It is represented by Schläfli symbol {4,36}, being composed of 3 7-cubes around each 6-face. It is called an octeract, a portmanteau of tesseract (the 4-cube) and oct for eight (dimensions) in Greek. It can also be called a regular hexadeca-8-tope or hexadecazetton, being an 8-dimensional polytope constructed from 16 regular facets.

It is a part of an infinite family of polytopes, called hypercubes. The dual of an 8-cube can be called an 8-orthoplex and is a part of the infinite family of cross-polytopes.

Uniform 8-polytope
In eight-dimensional geometry, an eight-dimensional polytope or 8-polytope is a polytope contained by 7-polytope facets. Each 6-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 7-polytope facets.

A uniform 8-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 7-polytope facets.
Enfield, North Carolina
Enfield is a town in Halifax County, North Carolina, United States, and was founded in 1740. As of the 2020 census, the town's population was 1,864, which reflected a decrease of almost 27% from the population of 2,538 in 2010. It is the oldest town in Halifax County, and was once the world's largest raw peanut market. Enfield is part of the Roanoke Rapids micropolitan area.

Roanoke Rapids micropolitan area
The Roanoke Rapids, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA) as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in North Carolina, anchored by the city of Roanoke Rapids.

As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 79,456 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 74,716).
Bieńkowice, Wrocław
Bieńkowice (Polish pronunciation: [bjɛɲkɔˈvit͡sɛ], German: Benkwitz, [ˈbɛŋkvɪt͡s]) is a district of Wrocław, Poland, located in the southeastern part of the city. It was established in the territory of the former Krzyki district.

As a district near the city's border, it neighbours the villages of Iwiny, Zacharzyce and Radwanice, as well as the Brochów district of Wrocław. The northern and eastern parts of the district are dominated by railroad land.

Initially a village, the settlement was incorporated into Wrocław in 1951.

Krzyki
Krzyki (Polish: [ˈkʂɨkʲi]; German: Krietern [ˈkʁiːtɐn]) is a former borough of Wrocław, Poland located in the southern part of the city.

On March 21, 1991, the newly created City Office of Wrocław assumed many of the functions previously carried out within the borough. The name, though, remained in use, mainly for statistical and administrative purposes.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) by the respective PDE subtype(s). The ubiquitous presence of this enzyme means that non-specific inhibitors have a wide range of actions, with those in the heart and lungs being some of the first to find therapeutic use.

Paraxanthine
Paraxanthine, also known as 1,7-dimethylxanthine, is an isomer of theophylline and theobromine, two well-known stimulants found in coffee, tea, and chocolate. It is a member of the xanthine family of alkaloids, which also includes theophylline and theobromine in addition to caffeine.
Tamarhat
Tamarhat is a small town in Dhubri district, KAC, Assam, India. The town situated in the east bank of Gadadhar river a distance of 45 K.M. toward north from the Dhubri Town. It has been under the Kamatapur Autonomous Council since 2020, ie. formation year of Kamatapur Autonomous Council. Tamarhat is the boarder place of Dhubri district, and Kokrajhar district of Assam. The place is also situated in the boarder of Assam and West Bengal.Nearby airport is Rupsi airport (RUP) situated in a distance of 22 km. Earlier the area was under the district of Kokrajhar, in 2013 the area transferred to Dhubri district. Bengali, Muslim, Koch Rajbongshi are among major ethnic groups in this area. This area comes under 28 Gossaigaon Assam Lesgislative Assembly and Kokrajhar Lok Sabha constituency.

Dhubri district
Dhubri district (Pron:ˈdʊbri) is an administrative district in the Indian state of Assam. Included within the Kamatapur Autonomous Council, the district headquarters are located at Dhubri city which is situated ~290 km from Guwahati. This was also the headquarters of erstwhile undivided Goalpara district which was created in 1876 by the British government. In 1983, Goalpara district was divided into four districts and Dhubri is one among those. Dhubri district is one among the many Muslim-majority districts of Assam. In 2016, Dhubri was divided again to form South Salmara-Mankachar District.

As of 2011 it is the second most populous district of Assam (out of 27), after Nagaon.
21st Fighter Training Squadron (JASDF)
The 21st Fighter Training Squadron (第21飛行隊, Dainiichi Hikōtai) is a squadron of the 4th Air Wing of Air Training Command of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It is based at Matsushima Air Base in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

4th Air Wing (JASDF)
The 4th Air Wing (第4航空団, dai-yon-koukudan) is a wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. It comes under the authority of Air Training Command. It is based at Matsushima Air Field in Iwate Prefecture.

It consists of two squadrons:

21st Fighter Training Squadron (Mitsubishi F-2B)

11th Squadron (Blue Impulse) (Kawasaki T-4)
First Second Books
First Second Books is an American publisher of graphic novels. An imprint of Roaring Brook Press, part of Holtzbrinck Publishers, First Second publishes fiction, biographies, personal memoirs, history, visual essays, and comics journalism. It also publishes graphic non-fiction for young readers, including the Science Comics and History Comics collections, and for adults, including the World Citizen Comics, a line of civics graphic books, and biographical works such as The Accidental Czar.

Authors and artists published by First Second include Ben Hatke, Gene Luen Yang, Jillian Tamaki, Vera Brosgol, Jen Wang, Shannon Hale, LeUyen Pham, Scott Chantler, and Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki.

First Second is headed by creative director Mark Siegel.

Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group (German: Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck) is a German publishing company headquartered in Stuttgart, that owns publishing companies worldwide. Through Macmillan Publishers, it owns one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies.

In 2015, it merged most of its Macmillan Science and Education unit (including Nature Publishing Group) with Springer Science+Business Media, creating the company Springer Nature. Holtzbrinck owns 53% of the combined company.
Titans East
Titans East is the name of several DC Comics superhero teams. The teams appear in the Teen Titans comic books and animated series. The comic book incarnation of Titans East first appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #18 (2005) during the "Titans Tomorrow" storyline, which is set in the future. A present-day incarnation appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #43 (2007), as a group of villains led by Deathstroke. Cyborg later assembled a new version of the team.

Bette Kane
Mary Elizabeth Kane, better known as Bette Kane, is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in the 1960s as "Betty Kane", the Bat-Girl. Her name was later modified to "Bette Kane", and she assumes the role of Flamebird.

In television, she is voiced by Alyson Stoner in the animated series Young Justice and portrayed by Nicole Kang in the live-action series Batwoman.
Cassiar River
The Cassiar River is a tributary of the Turnagain River in far northern British Columbia, flowing north to join the latter river southeast of Cry Lake.  Its name is a reference to the Cassiar Land District, which it flows through the middle of and was the setting of the Cassiar Gold Rush of the 1870s.

Turnagain River
The Turnagain River is a river in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a tributary of the Kechika River.

It was named the Turn-Again River by Samuel Black of the Hudson's Bay Company, who in 1824 journeyed to the river before turning back. It was also known as Black River and Little Muddy River before its current name was adopted on 1 June 1937. Its name in the Kaska language is Gacho.

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) operated a trading post (also known as Lower Post) on the river from 1888 to 1892, when the HBC sold off all its interests in the Cassiar District. It reacquired the post in summer 1897, but shut it down again two years later due to poor returns and the re-establishment of Fort Nelson.
Push email
Push email is an email system that provides an always-on capability, in which when new email arrives at the mail delivery agent (MDA) (commonly called mail server), it is immediately, actively transferred (pushed) by the MDA to the mail user agent (MUA), also called the email client, so that the end-user can see incoming email immediately. This is in contrast with systems that check for new incoming mail every so often, on a schedule. Email clients include smartphones and, less strictly, IMAP personal computer mail applications.

Internet Message Access Protocol
In computing, the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection. IMAP is defined by RFC 9051.

IMAP was designed with the goal of permitting complete management of an email box by multiple email clients; therefore, clients generally leave messages on the server until the user explicitly deletes them. An IMAP server typically listens on port number 143. IMAP over SSL/TLS (IMAPS) is assigned the port number 993.

Virtually all modern e-mail clients and servers support IMAP, which along with the earlier POP3 (Post Office Protocol) are the two most prevalent standard protocols for email retrieval. Many webmail service providers such as Gmail and Outlook.com also support both IMAP and POP3.
Los Osos High School
Los Osos High School is a public high school located in the city of Rancho Cucamonga in Southern California's Inland Empire in the United States. It operates as part of the Chaffey Joint Union High School District. The school was named a California Distinguished School in 2013, was the recipient of a Golden Ribbon Award from the California Department of Education in 2017, and was a 2018 U.S. News & World Report Best High School Silver Medalist. Graduates from the Class of 2017 met the University of California A-G admission requirements at a rate of 66.4%, nearly 20% higher than the state average.

Chaffey Joint Union High School District
Chaffey Joint Union High School District is a 9–12 school district located in San Bernardino County, California, United States that serves the communities of Ontario, Montclair, Rancho Cucamonga, and portions of Fontana, Upland, Chino, and Mount Baldy. With more than 25,000 students, it is one of the largest high school districts in the state. The district operates eight comprehensive high schools, one online high school, one continuation high school, one community day school, and one adult education school.

A portion of Los Angeles County is within the district.
Bishop Museum
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu. Founded in 1889, it is the largest museum in Hawaiʻi and has the world's largest collection of Polynesian cultural artifacts and natural history specimens. Besides the comprehensive exhibits of Hawaiian cultural material, the museum's total holding of natural history specimens exceeds 24 million, of which the entomological collection alone represents more than 13.5 million specimens (making it the third-largest insect collection in the United States). The Index Herbariorum code assigned to Herbarium Pacificum of this museum is BISH and this abbreviation is used when citing housed herbarium specimens.

The museum complex is home to the Richard T. Mamiya Science Adventure Center.

Hawaiiana
Hawaiiana is a popular term of academia used in reference to history and various aspects of the culture of Hawaiʻi, currently a region and state of the United States. The term is used especially in reflection of the periods of antiquity and the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi era. Hawaiiana has become increasingly popular among students of history and sociology throughout the world. The principal repository of cultural items from the Hawaiian Islands is the Princess Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum in Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The institution is also called the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History and often shares artifacts and information with other institutions globally for the sake of research and study.

The term "Hawaiiana" has been in use since 1915, perhaps even earlier, despite the widespread belief Hawaiian entertainer and cultural expert, Nona Beamer, coined the term in 1948.
Crow River (Canterbury)
The Crow River is a river in Arthur's Pass National Park, Canterbury, New Zealand. It arises near Mount Rolleston and flows south into the Waimakariri River.

It was named after a South Island kōkako, sometimes called orange-wattled crow, which was seen in 1865 during an exploration of the area. The species was last seen in the 1930s and is probably extinct.

The New Zealand Department of Conservation maintains a tramping track alongside the river, and a backcountry hut is available for trampers.

Arthur's Pass National Park
Arthur's Pass National Park is located in the South Island of New Zealand and covers 1,185 km2 of mostly mountainous terrain. Adjacent to it lies Craigieburn Forest Park. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation.
EComStation
eComStation or eCS is an operating system based on OS/2 Warp for the 32-bit x86 architecture. It was originally developed by Serenity Systems and Mensys BV under license from IBM. It includes additional applications, and support for new hardware which were not present in OS/2 Warp. It is intended to allow OS/2 applications to run on modern hardware, and is used by a number of large organizations for this purpose. By 2014, approximately thirty to forty thousand licenses of eComStation had been sold.

Financial difficulties at Mensys in 2012 led to the development of eComStation stalling, and ownership being transferred to a sister company named XEU.com (now known as PayGlobal Technologies BV), who continue to sell and support the operating system. The lack of a new release since 2011 was one of the motivations for the creation of the ArcaOS OS/2 distribution.

JFS (file system)
Journaled File System (JFS) is a 64-bit journaling file system created by IBM. There are versions for AIX, OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS and Linux operating systems. The latter is available as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). HP-UX has another, different filesystem named JFS that is actually an OEM version of Veritas Software's VxFS.

In the AIX operating system, two generations of JFS exist, which are called JFS (JFS1) and JFS2 respectively.

IBM's JFS was originally designed for 32-bit systems. JFS2 was designed for 64-bit systems.

In other operating systems, such as OS/2 and Linux, only the second generation exists and is called simply JFS. This should not be confused with JFS in AIX that actually refers to JFS1.
Cuneus
The cuneus (from Latin 'wedge'; pl.: cunei) is a smaller lobe in the occipital lobe of the brain. The cuneus is bounded anteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus and inferiorly by the calcarine sulcus.

Parieto-occipital sulcus
In neuroanatomy, the parieto-occipital sulcus (also called the parieto-occipital fissure) is a deep sulcus in the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the cuneus and precuneus, and also between the parietal and occipital lobes. Only a small part can be seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface.

The lateral part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length.

The medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases, it contains a submerged gyrus.
Selâmet I Giray
Selâmet I Giray (1558–1610, reigned 1608–1610) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. His early life was more complex than his 2-year reign. Most of his life involved dynastic conflicts with his brothers and nephews.

Devlet I Giray
Devlet I Giray (1512–1577, r. 1551–1577, Crimean Tatar: I Devlet Geray, دولت كراى; Taht Alğan Devlet Geray, تخت آلغان دولت كراى) was Khan of Crimea from 1551 to 1577. Events during his reign included the fall of Kazan to Russia in 1552, the fall of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia in 1556, and the burning of Moscow by the Crimean Tatars in 1571. Another notable event was the defeat of the Crimeans near Moscow in 1572. Cossack raids into the Crimea were also common during his reign.
Alomancy
Alomancy, also called adromancy, ydromancie, idromancie, and halomancy, is an ancient form of divination. Similar to many other forms of divination, the diviner casts salt crystals into the air and interprets the patterns as it falls to the ground or travels through the air.

Salt itself is often intertwined with luck, and some of this ancient tradition can be seen in the superstitions, such as the perceived misfortune when the salt cellar is overturned, and the custom of throwing salt over the left shoulder for good luck.

One form of alomancy consists of the casting of salt into a fire, which is considered a type of pyromancy.

Pyromancy
Pyromancy (Ancient Greek ἐμπυρία (empyria), divination by fire) is the art of divination by means of fire or flames.

The word pyromancy is adapted from the Greek word pyromanteia, from pyr (πῦρ, fire) and manteia (μαντεία, divination by means of). Its first known use was in the 1300s, and it evolved into the Late Latin word piromantia and Old French word piromance.
Noiraigue
Noiraigue or Noiraigue-Les Œillons was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.

Travers, Switzerland
Travers was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.
Studium Biblicum Version
The Studium Biblicum Version (Chinese: 思高本; pinyin: Sīgāo Běn; Jyutping: si1 gou1 bun2) is the predominant Chinese language translation of the Bible used by Chinese Catholics. It is considered by many to be the Chinese Catholic Bible.

The Studium Biblicum Version is considered by many, including some Protestants, to be very faithful to the original manuscripts.

Like many Catholic bibles, this translation includes numerous footnotes. The bible includes several appendices.

The language of the Studium Biblicum Version is standard modern written Chinese, though some of the wordings may appear unnatural in Mandarin but still used in Cantonese, and might be considered unnatural by some precisely because some people do not expect such forms to be written. Standard transliterations are mostly used where they exist. In other cases, a transliteration based on Mandarin is used.

Chinese Union Version
The Chinese Union Version (CUV) (Chinese: 和合本; pinyin: héhéběn; lit. 'harmonized/united version') is the predominant translation of the Bible into Chinese used by Chinese Protestants, first published in 1919.

The CUV is currently available in both traditional (CUVT) and simplifed (CUVS) written Chinese, and is published in Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Bible Society, a Bible society affiliated with the United Bible Societies; in Taiwan by the Bible Society in Taiwan, also associated with the United Bible Societies; and in China by Amity Printing Co., Ltd., of the Amity Foundation in Nanjing, related to the China Christian Council and also affiliated with the United Bible Societies.

A revision for the CUV, the Revised Chinese Union Version (RCUV, 和合本修訂版; héhéběn xiūdìngbǎn), was completed for the New Testament in 2006, and for the entire Bible in 2010.
Lay Gayint
Lay Gayint (Amharic: ላይ ጋይንት, lit. 'Upper Gayint') is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Lay Gayint is bordered on the south by Tach Gayint and Simada, on the southwest by Misraq Este, on the west by Farta, on the north by Ebenat, and on the east by the Semien Wollo Zone. The administrative center is Nefas Mewcha; other towns in Lay Guyint include Gobgob and Sali.

The altitude of this woreda varies from 1,500 to 3,100 metres (4,900 to 10,200 ft) above sea level. The annual rainfall is erratically distributed and varies from 400 to 1,100 millimetres (16 to 43 in). A notable landmark in Lay Guyint is the church of the village of Betlehem, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Debre Tabor; inside an ordinary round church structure is an ancient church with a trussed roof of identical construction as the church of Debre Damo. The writer Thomas Pakenham was the first non-Ethiopian to visit this church in 1955.

Misraq Este
Misraq Este (Amharic: ምሥራቅ እስቴ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Gondar Zone, Misraq Este is bordered on the south by the Abay River which separates

it from the Misraq Gojjam Zone, on the west by Mirab Este and Dera, on the northwest by Fogera, on the north by Farta, on the northeast by Lay Gayint, and on the east by Simada; part of this woredas boundary with Simada is defined by the Musafa River at the north border and Yiba River on the south border which join together and become a tributary of the Abay River. Towns in Misraq Este include Mekane Yesus.