hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Redhibition
Redhibition is a civil action available under Louisiana law against the seller and/or manufacturer of a defective product, similar to the lemon laws more familiar to common law jurisdictions in other U.S. states. Redhibition is one of many laws that are unique to Louisiana among U.S. states because of its tradition in French and Spanish civil law.

Law of Louisiana
Law in the state of Louisiana is based on a more diverse set of sources than the laws of the other 49 states of the United States.  Private law has a civil law character, based on French and Spanish codes and ultimately Roman law, with some common law influences. Louisiana is the only state whose private legal system is based on civil law, rather than the traditional American common law. Louisiana's criminal law, however, does largely rest on common law.  Louisiana's administrative law is generally similar to the administrative law of the federal government and other states.  Louisiana's procedural law is generally in line with that of other U.S. states, which in turn is generally based on the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Tom Thumb House (Middleborough, Massachusetts)
The Tom Thumb House is a historic house in Middleborough, Massachusetts.  The 21⁄2 story wood-frame house was built in the 1870s as a summer home for the dwarf entertainer Charles Stratton, best known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.  It has Second Empire architecture, including a mansard roof, paired brackets in the cornice, and paired columns supporting the porch.  The interior was built to meet the needs of the 3-foot-4-inch (102 cm) Stratton and his wife Lavinia, who was also a proportionate dwarf (midget,) however, few of its miniaturized features have survived.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Middleborough, Massachusetts
Middleborough is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 24,405 as of 2023. The census-designated place of Middleborough Center corresponds to the main village and commercial center of the town. It is the second largest municipality by land area in Massachusetts and nineteenth largest in New England. Middleborough proclaims itself to be the "Cranberry Capital of the World". Cranberry production remains a significant part of the local economy. In 2015, approximately 1,400 acres (570 ha) of the town were used to grow the crop, accounting for 3% of all land used to harvest cranberry bogs in the United States.
Borohydride
Borohydride or tetrahydroborate refers to the anion [BH4]− and its salts. Borohydride or hydroborate is also the term used for compounds containing [BH4−nXn]−, where n is an integer from 0 to 3, for example cyanoborohydride or cyanotrihydroborate [BH3(CN)]− and triethylborohydride or triethylhydroborate [BH(CH2CH3)3]−. Borohydrides find wide use as reducing agents in organic synthesis. The most important borohydrides are lithium borohydride and sodium borohydride, but other salts are well known (see Table). Tetrahydroborates are also of academic and industrial interest in inorganic chemistry.

Lithium borohydride
Lithium borohydride (LiBH4) is a borohydride and known in organic synthesis as a reducing agent for esters.  Although less common than the related sodium borohydride, the lithium salt offers some advantages, being a stronger reducing agent and highly soluble in ethers, whilst remaining safer to handle than lithium aluminium hydride.
Word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.

Early word processors were stand-alone devices dedicated to the function, but current word processors are primarily word processor programs running on general purpose computers, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers, with dedicated hardware word processors being confined to a small niche market.

The functions of a word processor program are typically between those of a simple text editor and a desktop publishing program. Many word processing programs have gained advanced features over time providing similar functionality to desktop publishing programs.

Common word processor programs include LibreOffice Writer, Google Docs and Microsoft Word.

WYSIWYG
In computing, WYSIWYG (/ˈwɪziwɪɡ/ WIZ-ee-wig; what you see is what you get) is software that allows content to be edited in a form that resembles its appearance when printed or displayed as a finished product, such as a printed document, web page, or slide presentation. WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the user to view something very similar to the result while the document is being created. In general, WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands.
Quicksilver Times
Quicksilver Times was an antiwar, counterculture underground newspaper published in Washington, DC from 1969 to 1972. Terry Becker Jr., a former college newspaper editor and reporter for the Newhouse News Service, was the main instigator in the founding group of antiwar activists.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Bilston Central tram stop
Bilston Central tram stop is a tram stop in Bilston near Wolverhampton, England. It was opened on 31 May 1999 and is situated on West Midlands Metro Line 1.

The stop is in the brick-lined former Great Western Railway cutting in the centre of the town, and is next to Bilston bus station. The platforms here are staggered, with the Birmingham platform being further north than the Wolverhampton platform, this was made necessary by the narrowness of the cutting.

The tram stop is a short distance to the north from the original Bilston Central railway station which was situated on the Birmingham Snow Hill to Wolverhampton Low Level Line and closed in 1972.

Bilston Central railway station
Bilston Central railway station was a station on the London Paddington to Birkenhead via Birmingham Snow Hill line. It was built in 1854 and served the town of Bilston in the West Midlands. It closed in 1972, with the end of passenger services on the Snow Hill and the line to Wolverhampton, although goods trains continued to pass through the site of the station until this section of the line was closed in January 1983. It saw a second incarnation when a Midland Metro stop of the same name was opened a few hundred yards away in May 1999.
Governor of Salta Province
The governor of Salta (Spanish: Gobernador de la Provincia de Salta) is a citizen of the Salta Province, in Argentina, holding the office of governor for the corresponding period. The governor is elected alongside a vice-governor. Currently the governor of Salta is Gustavo Sáenz.

Gustavo Sáenz
Gustavo Adolfo Ruberto Sáenz Stiro (born 14 April 1969) is an Argentine politician who is currently governor of Salta Province, since 10 December 2019. Previously, from 2015 to 2019, he was intendente (mayor) of the City of Salta, and served from 2009 to 2013 as a member of the Provincial Senate representing the Capital Department.

Sáenz is the founder and leader of the Salta Identity Party (PAIS).
Libby River
The Libby River is a 5.2-mile-long (8.4 km) river in the town of Scarborough, Maine, in the United States. It is tidal in its lower reaches, and it is a tributary of the Scarborough River, joining it just above that river's mouth at the Atlantic Ocean.

Scarborough, Maine
Scarborough is a town in Cumberland County on the southern coast of the U.S. state of Maine. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland, Scarborough is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The population was 22,135 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous town in Maine.
Alfonso XI of Castile
Alfonso XI (11 August 1311 – 26 March 1350), called the Avenger (el Justiciero), was King of Castile and León. He was the son of Ferdinand IV of Castile and his wife Constance of Portugal. Upon his father's death in 1312, several disputes ensued over who would hold regency, which were resolved in 1313.

Once Alfonso was declared an adult in 1325, he began a reign that would serve to strengthen royal power and became known for his victory in the Battle of Rio Salado. While leading a siege against Yusuf I of Granada, he died of the plague in Gibraltar.

Eleanor de Guzmán
Leonor (Eleanor) de Guzmán y Ponce de León (1310–1351) was a Castilian noblewoman. After about 1330, she became the long-term mistress and favourite of Alfonso XI, with whom she had the illegitimate son Henry "the Fratricidal", future first monarch of the House of Trastámara. She held the lordship of Medina-Sidonia until she fell from grace in the wake of Alfonso's death in 1350. She was then executed by her enemies.
Mexican Federal Highway 14
Federal Highway 14 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 14, Fed. 14) is a toll-free part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico.

Fed. 14 in Sonora runs from Fed. 15 north of Hermosillo east to Huásabas. Fed. 17 intersects with Fed. 14 in Moctezuma, Sonora. The total length of the highway is 212.5 km (132.04 mi).

Fed. 14 in Michoacán runs from Fed. 37 in Uruapan to Morelia. The highway passes through the towns of San Andrés Coru, Santiago Tingambato, Huiramangaro and Pátzcuaro. The total length of the highway is 113.3 km (70.4 mi).

Mexican Federal Highway 37
Federal Highway 37 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 37, Fed. 37) is a toll-free part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: los corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico. The highway runs from Villa de Zaragoza, San Luis Potosí, at its northern point to Playa Azul, Michoacán, located near the Pacific Ocean, at its southern point, near the port city of Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán. It crosses Fed. 14 at Uruapan, Michoacán, and Federal Highway 200 at La Mira, Michoacan.

Fed. 37 runs in two separate improved segments: the first segment runs from Villa de Zaragoza to San Felipe, Guanajuato. The second segment runs from Manuel Doblado, Guanajuato, to Playa Azul at Fed. 200. The two segments are connected via GTO 77 and Fed. 84-JAL 80. The highway is partly paralleled by Federal Highway 37D.
Battle of I-10
The Battle of I-10 is the name given to the New Mexico State–UTEP football rivalry. It is a college rivalry game between New Mexico State University (NMSU) and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). It is called the Battle of I-10 because the two universities are located along Interstate 10 connecting Las Cruces and El Paso. The teams compete for the Silver Spade Trophy and the Mayor's Cup.

Aggie Memorial Stadium
Aggie Memorial Stadium is an outdoor football stadium in the southwestern United States, located on the campus of New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico. It is the home field of the New Mexico State Aggies of Conference USA.

Opened 47 years ago in 1978, the current seating capacity is 28,853. Its artificial turf playing field is aligned north-northwest to south-southeast at an elevation of 3,980 feet (1,215 m) above sea level. It is the former home of Aggies women's soccer.
Lajarte Islands
The Lajarte Islands (64°14′S 63°24′W﻿ / ﻿64.233°S 63.400°W﻿ / -64.233; -63.400) are a group of islands fringing the north coast of Anvers Island, close west of Cape Grönland and 1.5 km east-northeast of Lapteva Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

The islands were discovered by a German expedition under Eduard Dallmann, 1873–74. They were charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Captain Dufaure de Lajarte of the French Navy.

Lapteva Island
Lapteva Island (Bulgarian: остров Лаптева, romanized: ostrov Lapteva, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈɫaptɛvɐ]) is the island lying 1 km off the north coast of Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. The feature extends 900 m in north-south direction and 880 m in east-west direction.

The island is named after Gergana Lapteva, geologist at St. Kliment Ohridski base in 2006/07 and subsequent seasons.
Monacillo Urbano, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Monacillo Urbano is one of 18 barrios in the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico. The barrio was originally part of Monacillo. In 2010, it had a population of 22,342 living in a land area of 3.23 square miles (8.68 km2). Monacillo Urbano is surrounded by Gobernador Piñero barrio to the north, El Cinco barrio to the east, Monacillo barrio to the south, and the municipality of Guaynabo to the west.

Barrios of San Juan, Puerto Rico
The municipality of San Juan, the capital of the archipelago and island of Puerto Rico, is divided into 18 barrios, 16 of which were acquired after merging with the former municipality of Río Piedras in 1951. Eight of the barrios are further divided into subbarrios or districts, including the two barrios that originally comprised the San Juan municipality, namely San Juan Antiguo and Santurce.
Eselsweg
The Eselsweg (English: "donkey trail") is a long-distance hiking trail that follows an ancient trade route through the Mittelgebirge Spessart, in the states of Hesse and Bavaria, Germany. It is 111 km long and leads from Schlüchtern in the valley of the Kinzig river to Großheubach on the river Main. The trail follows an ancient trade route on which donkey caravans used to transport salt, thus giving rise to the name.

Spessart
Spessart (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpɛsaʁt] ⓘ) is a Mittelgebirge, a range of low wooded mountains, in the States of Bavaria and Hesse in Germany. It is bordered by the Vogelsberg, Rhön and Odenwald. The highest elevation is the Geiersberg at 586 metres above sea level.
Saaleck Castle
Saaleck Castle (German: Burg Saaleck) is a hill castle near Bad Kösen, now a part of Naumburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

It was constructed in the 12th century. For details, see among Saaleck (Naumburg) Saaleck town history.

In 1922, two of the men who had killed Walther Rathenau, the foreign minister of Germany, hid at Saaleck Castle but were tracked down by the police. The Nazi regime later put up a memorial plaque at the castle and turned their grave in Saaleck cemetery into a heroes' shrine.

The castle is now mostly ruined, but its two towers feature small exhibits and it is a popular tourist attraction. Saaleck Castle is a stop on the designated tourist route Straße der Romanik ("Romanesque Road").

Romanesque Road
The Romanesque Road (German: Straße der Romanik) is a scenic route in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt in central-east Germany. It is part of the Transromanica network, a major European Cultural Route since 2006.
Smolensk Strait
Smolensk Strait (Bulgarian: проток Смоленск, Protok Smolensk \'pro-tok smo-'lensk\) is the strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica separating Deception Island from Rozhen Peninsula on Livingston Island, 18.4 km wide between Macaroni Point to the southwest and Barnard Point to the northeast.

The feature is so named in order to preserve the historical memory of the area.  While sailing through this strait on 6 February 1821, the Russian explorer Thaddeus von Bellingshausen met with the American sealer Nathaniel Palmer, made a description of Livingston Island and named it Smolensk after the Battle of Smolensk, one of the great battles of the Napoleonic Wars.

Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk, 62°36′S 60°30′W﻿ / ﻿62.600°S 60.500°W﻿ / -62.600; -60.500) is an Antarctic island in the Southern Ocean, part of the South Shetlands Archipelago, a group of Antarctic islands north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude in 1819, a historic event that marked the end of a centuries-long pursuit of the mythical Terra Australis Incognita and the beginning of the exploration and utilization of real Antarctica. The name Livingston, although of unknown derivation, has been well established in international usage since the early 1820s.
Just in Time (song)
"Just in Time" is a popular song with the melody written by Jule Styne and the lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. It was introduced by Judy Holliday and Sydney Chaplin in the musical Bells Are Ringing in 1956. Judy Holliday and Dean Martin sang the song in the 1960 film of Bells Are Ringing. Martin then recorded it for his 1960 album, This Time I'm Swingin'!. Tony Bennett recorded the song in 1956 and continued performing it until his retirement, at Radio City Music Hall, in 2021 at the age of 95.

Just in Time (musical)
Just in Time is a jukebox musical based on the life of American singer Bobby Darin, with a book by Warren Leight and Isaac Oliver.

The musical premiered on April 23, 2025, at Broadway's Circle in the Square Theatre. The show starts with lead performer Jonathan Groff portraying himself in 2025, and then goes back to the 1950s and 1960s to tell Darin's story.
Dominique Issermann
Dominique Issermann (born 11 April 1947) is a French photographer. She works primarily with black and white photography, and is noted for her works in portraits, fashion and advertising.

She has shot campaigns for Sonia Rykiel, Christian Dior, Nina Ricci, Guess, Lancôme, La Perla, Tiffany, Chanel and many others.  Her work has also been featured in the fashion supplements for The New York Times, Corriere Della Sera and Le Monde.

Issermann photographed Leonard Cohen over several decades. The two had a long relationship, and Cohen dedicated his album I'm Your Man to her. Issermann is half-Jewish.

Sonia Rykiel
Sonia Rykiel (née Flis; French pronunciation: [sɔn.ja ʁi.kjɛl]; 25 May 1930 – 25 August 2016) was a French fashion designer and writer. She created the Poor Boy Sweater, which was featured on the cover of French Elle magazine. Her knitwear designs and new fashion techniques led her to be dubbed the "Queen of Knits". The Sonia Rykiel label was founded in 1968, upon the opening of her first store, making clothing, accessories, and fragrances. Rykiel was also a writer, and her first book was published in 1979. In 2012, Rykiel revealed that she was suffering from Parkinson's disease. She died from complications of the disease on 25 August 2016.
Boris Mirski Gallery
The Boris Mirski Gallery (1944–1979) was a Boston art gallery owned by Boris Chaim Mirski (1898–1974). The gallery was known for exhibiting key figures in Boston Expressionism, New York and international modern art styles and non-western art. For years, the gallery dominated with both figurative and African work.  As an art dealer, Mirski was known for supporting young, emerging artists, including many Jewish-Americans, as well as artists of color, women artists and immigrants. As a result of Mirski's avant-garde approach to art and diversified approach to dealing art, the gallery was at the center of Boston's burgeoning modern mid-century art scene, as well as instrumental in the birth and development of Boston Expressionism, the most significant branch of American Figurative Expressionism.

John Woodrow Wilson
John Wilson (1922 – January 22, 2015) was an American lithographer, sculptor, painter, muralist, and art teacher whose art was driven by the political climate of his time. Wilson was best known for his works portraying themes of social justice and equality.
Justiciar of Galloway
The Justiciar of Galloway was an important legal office in the High Medieval Kingdom of Scotland.

The Justiciars of Galloway were responsible for the administration of royal justice in the province of Galloway. The other Justiciar positions were the Justiciar of Lothian and the Justiciar of Scotia. The institution may date to the reign of King William of Scotland (died 1214).

Legal institutions of Scotland in the High Middle Ages
Scottish legal institutions in the High Middle Ages are, for the purposes of this article, the informal and formal systems which governed and helped to manage Scottish society between the years 900 and 1288, a period roughly corresponding with the general European era usually called the High Middle Ages. Scottish society in this period was predominantly Gaelic. Early Gaelic law tracts, first written down in the ninth century reveal a society highly concerned with kinship, status, honour and the regulation of blood feuds. The early Scottish lawman, or Breitheamh, became the Latin Judex; the great Breitheamh became the magnus Judex, which arguably developed into the office of Justiciar, an office which survives to this day in that of Lord Justice General. Scottish common law began to take shape at the end of the period, assimilating Gaelic and Celtic law with practices from Anglo-Norman England and the Continent.
Herkus Monte
Herkus Monte  (also Hercus; Old Prussian: Erks Mānts; Lithuanian: Herkus Mantas; Latin: Henricus Montemin) was the most famous leader of the Great Prussian Uprising against the Teutonic Knights and Northern Crusaders. The uprising began in September 1260, following the Knights' defeat at the Battle of Durbe, and lasted for the next fourteen years.

Natangians
Natangians or Notangians (Prussian: Notangi; Polish: Natangowie; Lithuanian: Notangai; German: Natanger) was a Prussian clan, which lived in the region of Natangia, an area that is now mostly part of the Russian exclave Kaliningrad Oblast, whereas the southern portion lies in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

In the 13th century, when the Teutonic Knights began their crusade against the Prussians, some 15,000 people might have lived in the area between the Pregolya and Łyna rivers. The Natangian lands bordered with Sambia in the north, Warmia in the west and south, and Bartia in the southeast. They likely spoke a West Baltic language, now extinct, similar to Old Prussian language.
Nikolay Smolensky
Nikolai Smolenski (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Смоле́нский, also written as Nikolai Smolenski), born 11 June 1980, is a businessman.

Nikolai studied in Austria and the United Kingdom. He has Greek citizenship.

On 27 July 2004, Smolensky bought British carmaker TVR.

In June 2013, it was confirmed that Nikolai Smolenski had sold his entire ownership of TVR to a syndicate of British businessmen led by Les Edgar, a British entrepreneur.

Nikolai Smolenski was a board member of the International Private Bank AD (Skopje, Macedonia).

TVR
TVR Electric Vehicles Limited is a British manufacturer of sports cars. The company manufactures lightweight sports cars with powerful engines and was, at one time, the third-largest specialised sports car manufacturer in the world, offering a diverse range of coupés and convertibles.