hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piet de Wet
Pieter Daniël de Wet (18 August 1861 – 27 February 1929) was a Boer general in the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) and a younger brother of Boer general and politician Christiaan de Wet. Piet de Wet participated in the Battle of Poplar Grove (7 March 1900), the Battle of Sanna's Post (Sannaspos, 31 March 1900) for the waterworks there, and defeated the 13th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry at Lindley (31 May 1900). In July 1900, he surrendered to the British at Kroonstad, Orange Free State. He became a prominent member of the National Scouts helping the British in the last years of the Boer War.

National Scouts
The National Scouts were a military unit in South Africa created by the British authorities in 1900 during the Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902). Its membership consisted of former Boer Orange Free State and South African Republic military. They were recruited in significant numbers towards the end of the war from Afrikaner prisoners and defectors, and were commonly known as hensoppers (Afrikaans for Hands-uppers) or joiners among the Boers. Many of their fellow citizens despised them as traitors so that the label of National Scout became a swear word. According to official figures there were 1,480 members in May 1902. After the war, they were largely ostracized by the community and a number of them founded their own church, known as the Kruiskerk (Church of the Cross) in the Transvaal Colony.
Mataasnakahoy
Mataasnakahoy, officially the Municipality of Mataasnakahoy (Tagalog: Bayan ng Mataasnakahoy), is a municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 31,912 people.

Lipa, Batangas
Lipa ([lɪˈpa]), officially the City of Lipa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lipa), is a  component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 387,392 people.

It is the first city with a charter in the province and one of five cities in Batangas alongside Batangas City, Calaca, Santo Tomas, and Tanauan. It is located 78 kilometres (48 mi) south of Manila and is the most populous city of Batangas.

The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) provide access to Batangas City and Metro Manila.
Rusca (Bistrița, left bank)
The Rusca (also: Giumalău) is a left bank, south-flowing tributary of the river Bistrița in Romania. It flows into the Bistrița in the village Rusca. There is another Bistrița tributary named Rusca less than 200 metres downstream, on the opposite bank. Its length is 9 km (5.6 mi) and its basin size is 16 km2 (6.2 sq mi).

Bistrița (Siret)
The Bistrița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbistritsa] ⓘ), also called Bistrița Aurie or Bistrița Moldoveană (Hungarian: Aranyos-Beszterce), is a river in the Romanian regions of Maramureș, Bukovina and Moldavia (most of its length). It is a right tributary of the river Siret. At Chetriș, near Bacău, it flows into the Siret. Its source is in the Rodna Mountains, at the foot of the Gârgalău Peak. It flows through the counties Bistrița-Năsăud, Suceava, Neamț, and Bacău. The towns Vatra Dornei, Bicaz, Piatra Neamț, Roznov, Buhuși, and Bacău lie along the Bistrița. The Bistrița is 283 km (176 mi) long, and its basin area is 7,039 km2 (2,718 sq mi).

The upper reach is also known as Bistrița Aurie (German: Goldene Bistritz).

The following dams have been constructed on the river Bistrița:

Topoliceni

Izvorul Muntelui

Pângărați

Vaduri

Piatra Neamț

Reconstrucția

Racova

Gârleni

Lilieci

Bacău
Marion, Alabama
Marion is a city in and the county seat of Perry County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, Marion had a population of 3,176. First known as Muckle Ridge, the city was renamed for a hero of the American Revolution, Francis Marion.

Two colleges, Judson College and Marion Military Institute, are located in Marion. This is noted in the city's welcome sign referring to Marion as "The College City".

Francis Marion
Brigadier General  Francis Marion (c. 1732 – February 27, 1795), also known as the "Swamp Fox", was an American military officer, planter, and politician who served during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War. During the American Revolution, Marion supported the Patriot cause and enlisted in the Continental Army, fighting against British forces in the southern theater of the American Revolutionary War from 1780 to 1781.

Though he never commanded a field army or served as a commander in a major engagement, Marion's use of irregular warfare against the British has led him to be considered one of the fathers of guerrilla and maneuver warfare, and his tactics form a part of the modern-day military doctrine of the U.S. Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.
Witches of East End (TV series)
Witches of East End is an American television series based on the 2011 novel of the same name by Melissa de la Cruz. The series premiered on Lifetime on October 6, 2013, and ended on October 5, 2014, after two seasons. Set in the fictional seaside town of East End, it follows the lives of a family of witches – Joanna Beauchamp (Julia Ormond) and her two grown-up daughters, Freya Beauchamp (Jenna Dewan) and Ingrid Beauchamp (Rachel Boston), as well as her sister Wendy Beauchamp (Mädchen Amick).

On November 22, 2013, Lifetime renewed Witches of East End for a second season to consist of 13 episodes, which premiered on July 6, 2014. On November 4, 2014, Lifetime cancelled Witches of East End after a decline in ratings during the second season. The series finale aired on October 5, 2014.

Rachel Boston
Rachel Boston is an American actress. She has had leading roles in a number of independent films, and was a regular cast member in several television series. She starred in the NBC drama series, American Dreams as Beth Mason from 2002 to 2005, in the short-lived CBS sitcom The Ex List in 2008, and on the USA Network series In Plain Sight from 2011 to 2012. From 2013 to 2014, Boston starred as Ingrid Beauchamp in the Lifetime fantasy-drama series, Witches of East End.
Dudu Assembly constituency
Dudu Assembly constituency is one of the constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly in the Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency.

As on 30 August 2018, there are 229,085 voters (52.55% males and 47.45% females) in the constituency.

Dudu Constituency covers all voters from Dudu Tehsil and part of Phagi Tehsil (4 ILRCs - Phagi, Chauru, Mandor and Nimera).

Phagi
Phagi is a tehsil and a panchayat samiti, near city of Jaipur in Jaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, India. It has an average elevation of 383 m (1,257 ft).
Phagi is also one of the Town in Phagi Tehsil in Dudu District. Phagi is located on the intersection of SH2 and SH12 of Rajasthan.

Phagi tehsil is divided into five Inspector Land Revenue Circles (or ILRCs) - Chittora, Chauru, Nimera, Phagi, Mandor.

ILRCs Phagi, Chauru, Mandor and Nimera are parts of Dudu assembly constituency and Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency).

ILRC Phagi is subdivided into seven patwar circles - Chakwara, Phagi North, Phagi South, Phagi West, Bhojpura, Mandi and Shankarpura.

Phagi is 51  km far from its District Main City Jaipur . It is 36.0 km far from Sanganer near Jaipur .
Tennis at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Mixed doubles
The mixed doubles was an event on the Tennis at the 1900 Summer Olympics program in Paris. It was held from 6 to 11 July at the Île de Puteaux. There were 12 competitors (6 teams) from 4 nations, with 3 of the teams being mixed teams. The event was won by British pair Charlotte Cooper and Reginald Doherty. The other three medals were taken by the three mixed teams: Hélène Prévost of France and Harold Mahony of Great Britain earned silver, while the bronze medals went to the Bohemian/British combination of Hedwiga Rosenbaumová and Archibald Warden and the American/British pair of Marion Jones and Laurence Doherty. All 5 of the British players thus ended up receiving a medal.

Charlotte Cooper (tennis)
Charlotte "Chattie" Reinagle Cooper Sterry (née Cooper; 22 September 1870 – 10 October 1966) was an English female tennis player who won five singles titles at the Wimbledon Championships and in 1900 became Olympic champion. In winning in Paris on 11 July 1900, she became the first female Olympic tennis champion as well as the first individual female Olympic champion.
Electrophilic halogenation
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system.

Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base.

A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl3, FeCl3, FeBr3 and ZnCl2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ring.

Halogenation
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging. This article mainly deals with halogenation using elemental halogens (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2). Halides are also commonly introduced using halide salts and hydrogen halide acids. Many specialized reagents exist for introducing halogens into diverse substrates, e.g. thionyl chloride.
William West, 1st Baron De La Warr
William West, 1st Baron De La Warr (/ˈdɛləwɛər/ ⓘ DEL-ə-wair) of the second creation (c. 1520 – 30 December 1595) was the elder son of Sir George West (d.1538), second son of Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr, by his third wife, Eleanor Copley, and Elizabeth Morton, widow of Robert Walden, and daughter of Sir Robert Morton of Lechlade, Gloucestershire. He was a nephew and adopted heir of his uncle of the half blood, Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr, eldest son of the 8th Baron's second wife, Elizabeth Mortimer.

Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr
Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr and 6th Baron West (c. 1475 – 25 September 1554) was the eldest son of Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr, by his second wife, Elizabeth Mortimer, daughter of Sir Hugh Mortimer of Martley and Kyre Wyard, Worcestershire, by Eleanor Cornwall, daughter of Sir Edmund Cornwall.
Stuart Robert Glass
Stuart Robert Glass (25 June 1951 – 13 August 1978) was a Canadian adventurer and yachtsman killed by the Khmer Rouge in August 1978 while sailing a small yacht named Foxy Lady through Cambodian waters. One of nine "Western" yachtsmen known to have been seized by the Democratic Kampuchean regime between April and November 1978, he was the sole Canadian victim of the 1975–79 Cambodian genocide.

John Dawson Dewhirst
John Dawson Dewhirst (1952 – c. August 1978) was a British teacher and amateur yachtsman who was one of nine westerners, and two Britons, known to have been killed by the Khmer Rouge during the rule of Pol Pot.
Sorceress (1995 film)
Sorceress (also known as Temptress II) is a 1994 American erotic horror film directed by Jim Wynorski. Released direct-to-video on January 4, 1995, it is considered a cult film. A sequel followed in 1997.

Sorceress II: The Temptress
Sorceress II: The Temptress is a 1996 erotic horror film directed by Richard Styles. It was presented as a sequel to Sorceress and, like the 1995 film, featured Julie Strain in the main role, but it was in fact unrelated to the first film in terms of plot and characters. The film was poorly received.
Shannon Creek
Shannon Creek is a short tributary to the Baker River in Whatcom County, Washington, near the southwest border of North Cascades National Park. It rises in two forks a few miles south of Mount Shuksan; the glacier-fed north fork begins at elevation 5,016 feet (1,529 m), and the non-glacial south fork begins at 2,611 feet (796 m). Roughly halfway through its length, the two forks join and then flow into Baker Lake reservoir, at elevation 725 feet (221 m). Shannon Creek joins the Baker several miles downstream of Sulphide Creek and upstream of Swift Creek, a much larger south-flowing drainage.

Swift Creek (Washington)
Swift Creek is a southward-flowing tributary of the Baker River, about 7 miles (11 km) long, in Whatcom County in the U.S. state of Washington. It rises in glaciers near Table Mountain,  Mount Ann, and Kulshan Ridge, and flows west before being joined by more glacial tributaries. It then winds south-southeast for several miles to Baker Lake reservoir, and there it is joined by Morovitz Creek directly before it enters the lake. Park Creek is a small east-flowing stream that enters Baker Lake very near Swift Creek, but should not be confused as a tributary with it. NFD 11 (Baker Lake Road) crosses the creek near its mouth, which is just downstream of Shannon Creek.
Chinese Mongolian horse
The Chinese Mongolian (simplified Chinese: 蒙古马; traditional Chinese: 蒙古馬; pinyin: Ménggǔ mǎ) is a breed of horse, corresponding to the population of Mongolian horses that remained in China after Mongolia's independence in 1910. Possibly descended from Przewalski's horse, it has been domesticated since ancient times. As of 1982, Chinese Mongolian horses comprised about one-third of all horses in China. However, their numbers have declined sharply in recent decades, largely due to the rise of mechanized transport and changing lifestyles.

Characterized as a small, sturdy horse with exceptional endurance, the Chinese Mongolian is categorized into four types: Ujumqin, Abaga, Baicha, and Wushen. These horses are commonly used for riding and as packhorses to transport local people. Additionally, mares produce milk, which is harvested and consumed as a traditional beverage. While the breed is primarily found in Inner Mongolia, it also exists in smaller numbers in neighboring areas.

Mongolian horse
The Mongolian horse (Mongolian Адуу, aduu: "horse" or mori; or as a herd, ado) is the native horse breed of Mongolia. The breed is purported to be largely unchanged since the time of Genghis Khan. Nomads living in the traditional Mongol fashion still hold more than 3 million animals, which outnumber the country's human population. In Mongolia, the horses live outdoors all year, dealing with temperatures from 30 °C (86 °F) in summer down to −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter, and they graze and search for food on their own.  The mare's milk is processed into the national beverage airag. Some animals are slaughtered for meat. Other than that, they serve as riding and transport animals; they are used both for the daily work of the nomads and in horse racing.

Mongol horses were a key factor supporting the 13th-century conquests of the Mongol Empire.
Paxherbals
Paxherbals also known as Pax Herbal Clinic and Research Laboratories is a Nigerian alternative medicine product manufacturing company founded by Adodo Anselm in 1996 at Ewu Monastery.

The company adopted a science-based approach to its Traditional African medicine brand of alternative medicine by establishing three sets of science laboratories for its operations. This was with a view to diffusing the age-long bias associated with African herbal practices in Nigeria and in most parts of Africa which associated herbal medicine with witchcraft, sorcery, ritualism, paganism, and all sorts of fetish practices.

As of 2017, Paxherbals has a presence in 26 states out Nigeria's 36 states with a network of 1,000 alternative medicine product distributors. Thirty-three health products are certified by Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC).

Ewu Monastery
Ewu Monastery is a Nigerian Roman Catholic Church monastery belonging to the Order of Saint Benedict located in Ewu-Esan in Edo State of Nigeria. The monastery was established on July 11, 1979 by Dom Augustine O'Sullivan and Dom Columaba Breen of Glenstal Abbey.
HFE H63D gene mutation
The HFE H63D is a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the HFE gene (c.187C>G, rs1799945), which results in the substitution of a histidine for an aspartic acid at amino acid position 63 of the HFE protein (p.His63Asp). HFE participates in the regulation of iron absorption.

Homozygous H63D variant can occasionally be the cause of hemochromatosis. It is also associated with the occurrence of other conditions like hypotransferrinemia, liver dysfunction, bone and joint issues, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hormone imbalances, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), infertility, stroke, neurodegenerative and brain damages, some cancers, venous and peripheral artery disease.

HFE (gene)
Human homeostatic iron regulator protein, also known as the HFE protein (High FE2+), is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the HFE gene. The HFE gene is located on short arm of chromosome 6 at location 6p22.2
Gaj's Latin alphabet
Gaj's Latin alphabet is the form of the Latin script used for writing all four standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. It contains 30 letters: 22 letters of basic Latin alphabet (excluding Q, W, X, Y), 5 letters with diacritics (Č, Ć, Đ, Š, Ž) and 3 digraphs (Dž, Lj, Nj). Each letter (including digraphs) represents one Serbo-Croatian phoneme, yielding a highly phonemic orthography. It closely corresponds to the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet.

The alphabet was initially devised by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj during the Illyrian movement. The alphabet's final form was defined in the late 19th century with contributions from other linguists, and it has since been in standard use. It was also the basis for a number of other Latin alphabets and romanizations in southeastern Europe. In Serbia, where Cyrillic is more prestigious, Gaj's Latin is nevertheless very common in media and everyday life.

Montenegrin language
Montenegrin (crnogorski / црногорски [tsr̩nǒɡorskiː]) is the standard variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Montenegrins. It is the official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian.

The language used in Montenegro has historically and traditionally been called simply as Serbian. The idea of a Montenegrin standard language distinct from Serbian is a relatively recent political development that emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s amid the breakup of Yugoslavia. It was closely associated with movements advocating Montenegrin independence from Serbia and Montenegro. Following independence, Montenegrin was designated the official language of Montenegro in 2007 with the adoption of a new constitution.
Range of the Awful Hand
The Range of the Awful Hand is a group of hills in the Galloway Hills, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It includes the Merrick, the highest peak in southern Scotland, reaching 843 m (2,766 ft). The range is named for its resemblance to an enormous right hand, Benmore or Benyellary being the thumb, Merrick the forefinger, Kirriereoch Hill the middle finger, Tarfessock the ring finger, and Shalloch on Minnoch the little finger.

The range is the westernmost of three parallel ranges running north and south across the Galloway Forest Park. The other two are the Dungeon Hills and the Rhinns of Kells. The Minnigaff Hills also lie close by, being separated from the southern end of the range by Glen Trool. Administratively, the range is divided between South Ayrshire and Dumfries and Galloway, the border running along the crest of Kirriereoch Hill.

Minnigaff Hills
The Minnigaff Hills are a range of hills in the Galloway Hills range, part of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. A southerly range, they are perpendicular to the Range of the Awful Hand, Dungeon Hills and Rhinns of Kells to the north. In total, these four ranges are part of the Galloway Forest Park.
Pentangle (band)
Pentangle are a British folk rock band, formed in London in 1967. The original band was active in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and a later version has been active since the early 1980s. The original line-up, which was unchanged throughout the band's first incarnation (1967–1973), was Jacqui McShee (vocals); John Renbourn (vocals and guitar); Bert Jansch (vocals and guitar); Danny Thompson (double bass); and Terry Cox (drums).

The name Pentangle was chosen to represent the five members of the band. It was also the device on Sir Gawain's shield in the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which held a fascination for Renbourn.

In 2007, the original members of the band were reunited to receive a Lifetime Achievement award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards and to record a short concert that was broadcast on BBC radio. The following June, all five original members began a twelve-date UK tour.

BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards
The BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards celebrate outstanding achievement during the previous year within the field of folk music, with the aim of raising the profile of folk and acoustic music. The awards have been given annually since 2000 by British radio station BBC Radio 2.

Award recipients have included Joan Baez, Cat Stevens, John Martyn, Steve Earle, The Dubliners, Martin Carthy, Billy Bragg, Shirley Collins, Kate Rusby, Cara Dillon, Eliza Carthy, Bellowhead, June Tabor, Oysterband, Aly Bain, Richard Thompson, Nancy Kerr, Seth Lakeman, Show of Hands, Lau, Tom Paxton, Don McLean, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Nic Jones, Bella Hardy, Rhiannon Giddens, Norma Waterson, The Chieftains, Joan Armatrading and James Taylor.
Lolita Davidovich
Lolita Davidovich (born Lolita Davidović; July 15, 1961) is a Canadian film and television actress, best known for portraying Blaze Starr in the 1989 film Blaze, for which she received a Chicago Film Critics Association Award nomination.

She later had starring roles in films including Leap of Faith (1992), Raising Cain (1992), Intersection (1994), Cobb (1994), Jungle 2 Jungle (1997), Gods and Monsters (1998), Mystery, Alaska (1999), and Play It to the Bone (1999).

Play It to the Bone
Play It to the Bone is a 1999 American sports comedy-drama film written and directed by Ron Shelton. It stars Woody Harrelson and Antonio Banderas as two boxers and best friends who travel together to Las Vegas to fight each other, with the winner receiving a match for the middleweight championship.

The film's supporting cast includes Lolita Davidovich, Tom Sizemore, Lucy Liu, and Robert Wagner. It was released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution on December 25, 1999 in a limited release, before expanding to a wide release on January 14, 2000. The film was a critical and commercial failure, grossing $8.4 million against a $24 million budget.
Matty Beniers
Matthew Beniers (/bəˈnɪərs/; born November 5, 2002) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a center and alternate captain for the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Kraken drafted Beniers second overall in the 2021 NHL entry draft with their first-ever selection in an entry draft. He played college ice hockey at Michigan. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year in 2023.

2021 NHL entry draft
The 2021 NHL entry draft was the 59th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held on July 23–24, 2021, delayed by one month from its normally scheduled time of June due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the later-than-normal finish of the 2020–21 NHL season. It was thus the first draft held in July since 2005. For the second year in a row, the event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Owen Power by the Buffalo Sabres, Matty Beniers by the Seattle Kraken, and Mason McTavish by the Anaheim Ducks.