hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guil
The Guil (French: le Guil) is a 51.6-kilometre (32.1 mi) long river in the Hautes-Alpes département, southeastern France. Its drainage basin is 727 km2 (281 sq mi). Its source is several small streams which converge into the lake Lestio, at Ristolas. It flows generally west, through the Queyras. It is a left tributary of the Durance into which it flows at Guillestre.

Durance
The Durance (French pronunciation: [dyʁɑ̃s]; Durença in the Occitan classical norm or Durènço in the Mistralian norm) is a major river in Southeastern France. A left tributary of the Rhône, it is 323.2 km (200.8 mi) long. Its drainage basin is 14,472 km2 (5,588 sq mi).

Its source is in the southwestern part of the Alps, in the Montgenèvre ski resort near Briançon; it flows southwest through the following departments and cities:

Hautes-Alpes: Briançon, Embrun.

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence: Sisteron, Manosque.

Vaucluse: Cavaillon, Avignon.

Bouches-du-Rhône.

The Durance's largest tributary is the Verdon. The Durance itself is a tributary of the Rhône and flows into the Rhône near Avignon. The Durance is the second longest (after the Saône) of the tributaries of the Rhône and the third largest in terms of its flow (after the Saône and Isère).
Kaktovik numerals
The Kaktovik numerals or Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 system of numerical digits created by Alaskan Iñupiat. They are visually iconic, with shapes that indicate the number being represented.

The Iñupiaq language has a base-20 numeral system, as do the other Eskimo–Aleut languages of Alaska and Canada (and formerly Greenland). Arabic numerals, which were designed for a base-10 system, are inadequate for Iñupiaq and other Inuit languages. To remedy this problem, students in Kaktovik, Alaska, invented a base-20 numeral notation in 1994, which has spread among the Alaskan Iñupiat and has been considered for use in Canada.

Vigesimal
A vigesimal (/vɪˈdʒɛsɪməl/ vij-ESS-im-əl) or base-20 (base-score) numeral system is based on twenty (in the same way in which the decimal numeral system is based on ten). Vigesimal is derived from the Latin adjective vicesimus, meaning 'twentieth'.
XHPSEB-FM
XHPSEB-FM is a radio station on 104.9 FM in Santiago Juxtlahuaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. It is owned by the Vera Hernández family and is known as La GranDiosa de Huajuapan.

XHPSEB broadcasts from studios in Col. Jardín de la Soledad in Juxtlahuaca and shares its tower with co-owned XHVMT-FM 106.9, a community radio station, and XHPTEC-FM 99.1.

XHPTEC-FM
XHPTEC-FM is a radio station on 99.1 FM in Santiago Juxtlahuaca, Oaxaca. It is owned by Corporación Empresarial 2 Ríos, S. de R.L. de C.V., and is known as G-Pop with a pop format.

XHPTEC shares its tower in Col. Jardín de la Soledad in Juxtlahuaca with XHVMT-FM 106.9, a community radio station, and XHPSEB-FM 104.9.
Seulgi
Kang Seul-gi (Korean: 강슬기; born February 10, 1994), known mononymously as Seulgi, is a South Korean singer and dancer. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet, its sub-unit Red Velvet – Irene & Seulgi, and the supergroup Got the Beat. She released her debut EP, 28 Reasons, in 2022.

Irene (singer)
Bae Joo-hyun (Korean: 배주현; born March 29, 1991), better known by her stage name Irene (아이린), is a South Korean singer and actress. She is best known as the member and leader of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet, and its sub-unit Red Velvet – Irene & Seulgi.

Irene hosted the television programs Music Bank (2015–2016), Laundry Day (2016–2017), and Irene's Work & Holiday (2022), as well as various music festivals and award events. As an actress, Irene has starred in Women at a Game Company (2016) and Double Patty (2021).
Jacumba Mountains
The Jacumba Mountains are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges in eastern San Diego County, California, near the Mexico–United States border. The range reaches an elevation of 4,512 feet (1,375 m) at Jacumba Peak, near the southern end of the chain.

The range lies in a northwest-southeasterly direction, east of the In-Ko-Pah Mountains, and north of Interstate 8. The range is approximately 11.5 miles (18.5 km) long, and Table Mountain at the southeast end of the range is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of the town of Jacumba.

The Tierra Blanca Mountains and the Sawtooth Mountains are to the northwest, and Anza-Borrego Desert State Park due north. The Coyote Mountains lie to the northeast. The Volcanic Hills area lies on the northeast flank of the range.

Sawtooth Mountains (California)
The Sawtooth Mountains are a mountain range of the Peninsular Ranges system in eastern San Diego County, California.

The Sawtooth Mountains are within the western Colorado Desert, southwest of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park and the Tierra Blanca Mountains. The Jacumba Mountains lie to the southeast.

The Sawtooth Mountains Wilderness is located within the range.
The Texas Ranger (magazine)
The Texas Ranger was the undergraduate humor publication of the University of Texas at Austin (UT), published from 1923 to 1972. A number of people who later went on to become key members of the underground comix scene — including Frank Stack, Gilbert Shelton, and Jaxon — were Texas Ranger editors and contributors during the period 1959–1965. Other notable contributors to The Texas Ranger over the years included Robert C. Eckhardt,  John Canaday, Rowland B. Wilson, Harvey Schmidt, Bill Yates, Liz Smith, Robert Benton, Bill Helmer, Robert A. Burns and Wick Allison.

It was succeeded in 1997 by the Texas Travesty.

Liz Smith (journalist)
Mary Elizabeth Smith (February 2, 1923 – November 12, 2017) was an American gossip columnist. She was known as "The Grand Dame of Dish". Beginning her career in radio in the 1950s, for a time she also anonymously wrote the "Cholly Knickerbocker" gossip column for the Hearst newspapers. In the 1960s and early 1970s, she was the entertainment editor for the magazines Cosmopolitan and Sports Illustrated.  Between 1976 and 2009, she wrote a self-titled gossip column for newspapers including New York Newsday, the New York Daily News and the New York Post that was syndicated in 60 to 70 other newspapers. On television, she appeared on Fox, E!, and WNBC.
A Plea for Vegetarianism and Other Essays
A Plea for Vegetarianism and Other Essays is an essay collection by British writer and social reformer Henry S. Salt, first published in 1886 by the Vegetarian Society in Manchester. The work is a defence of vegetarianism, combining moral, aesthetic, economic, and practical arguments. It was among Salt's earliest contributions to the British vegetarianism and animal rights movements.

Vegetarian Society
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK) is a British registered charity. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for vegetarian and vegan products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK.

In the 19th century, various groups in Britain promoted meat-free diets, leading to the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847, which later split into the Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies in 1888 before reuniting in 1969, registering as a charity, and continued advocating for vegetarianism through public education and influencing food producers.
Little Whernside
Little Whernside is a hill in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England, 2.82 miles (4.54 km) north east of Great Whernside. It is on the boundary between the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and forms part of the watershed between Coverdale and Nidderdale.  The highest point is marked by a cairn, a few metres inside the National Park.

Little Whernside is on private land.  Until 1997 no public right of way was established to the summit of Little Whernside, but in that year a public footpath was established along the ridge linking the summit to the summit of Great Whernside. Following the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 the hill became open access land.  Little Whernside can be ascended from Scar House Reservoir.

Great Whernside
Great Whernside is a fell in the Yorkshire Dales, England, not to be confused with Whernside, some 17 miles (27 km) to the west. Its summit is the highest point of the eastern flank of Wharfedale above Kettlewell. Great Whernside forms the watershed between Wharfedale and Nidderdale, and is on the boundary between the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale National Landscape.  The River Nidd rises on the eastern slopes of Great Whernside, above Angram Reservoir.
The Gaieties of the Squadron
The Gaieties of the Squadron (French: Les gaîtés de l'escadron) is a 1913 French silent comedy film directed by Joseph Faivre and Maurice Tourneur and starring Edmond Duquesne, Henry Roussel and Henri Gouget. It is a military-based farce adapted from the popular play by Georges Courteline. Tourneur later remade it as a sound film Fun in the Barracks (1932).

Henry Roussel
Henry Roussel (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʁusɛl]; 1875–1946), also known as Henry Roussell, was a French silent film actor, film director and screenwriter best known for his silent films of the 1910s and 1920s.

He starred in well over 40 films between 1912 and 1939.
Olden, Norway
Olden is a village in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located at the mouth of the Oldeelva river and northern end of the Oldedalen valley on the southern shore of the Nordfjorden, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the village of Loen, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southeast of Stryn, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the village of Innvik.

The 0.61-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2024) of 522 and a population density of 856 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,220/sq mi).

Innvik (village)
Innvik is a village in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the southern shore of the Nordfjorden. The village is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the village of Olden and about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northeast of the village of Utvik. Directly across the fjord from Innvik lies the village of Roset.

The 0.72-square-kilometre (180-acre) village has a population (2024) of 419 and a population density of 582 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,510/sq mi).
Bedfordview
Bedfordview is an affluent suburb in western Ekurhuleni, sharing an administrative boundary with the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa. Bedfordview has been part of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality since 2000. The Eastgate Shopping Centre, one of the biggest in Africa when first built, is also located here.

City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseKurhuleni; Afrikaans: Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit; Northern Sotho: Mmasepala wa Toropokgolo ya Ekurhuleni; Sotho: Masepala wa Toropohadi ya Ekurhuleni) is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. Ekurhuleni means "place of peace" in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston and the most spoken language is Zulu at 28.6%. The city is home to South Africa's busiest airport, OR Tambo International Airport, which is in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.
An Evening with The Monkees: The 45th Anniversary Tour
An Evening with The Monkees: The 45th Anniversary Tour, also called Here They Come!: 45th Anniversary Tour, was the fourth and final reunion tour by American pop rock group the Monkees, including Davy Jones, Micky Dolenz, and Peter Tork. Jones died of a heart attack on February 29, 2012. It was the group's first tour in a decade following Monkeemania, which ran from 2001 to 2002. The tour visited the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. Due to the success of the first North American leg, a second leg was planned for the fall of 2011; however, dates were suddenly cancelled without explanation.

Micky Dolenz
George Michael Dolenz Jr. (/ˈdoʊlənz/ DOH-lənz; born March 8, 1945) is an American musician and actor. He was the drummer and one of two primary vocalists for the pop rock band the Monkees (1966–1970, and reunions until 2021), and a co-star of the TV series The Monkees (1966–1968). Dolenz is the last surviving member of the group, following the deaths of Davy Jones (in 2012), Peter Tork (in 2019), and Michael Nesmith (in 2021).
Conquest of America (miniseries)
Conquest of America is a 4-part television documentary miniseries produced by History Channel and premiered on March 28, 2005. The show documents the adventures of various European explorers who were key figures in the colonization of the Americas. Some of the featured explorers include Henry Hudson, Pedro Menéndez, Jean Ribault, Vitus Bering and Francisco Vásquez de Coronado.

Jean Ribault
Jean Ribault (also spelled Ribaut) (1520 – October 12, 1565) was a French naval officer, navigator, and a colonizer of what would become the southeastern United States. He was a major figure in the French attempts to colonize Florida. A Huguenot and officer under Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, Ribault led an expedition to the New World in 1562 that founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island in present-day South Carolina. Two years later, he took over command of the French colony of Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida. He and many of his followers died at the hands of Spanish soldiers during the Massacre at Matanzas Inlet, near St. Augustine.
Frenzy!
Frenzy! is the debut studio album by Nigerian singer D'Prince. The standard edition was released in stores on 5 November 2012 and the deluxe edition was released digitally on 16 November 2012, through Mavin Records. The album features guest appearances from Don Jazzy, Wande Coal, Wizkid, Tiwa Savage, Sinzu, Dr Sid, Timaya, Bracket, Eva, Ice Prince, M.I, General Pype, and Young Breed. Production was handled by Don Jazzy, Babyfresh, Altims, Aone Beats, Spellz, and Joshbeatz. The album received negative reviews from critics, who cited weak lyrics and a lack of clear direction. Frenzy! earned D'Prince a nomination for Hip Hop World Revelation of the Year at the 2013 edition of the Headies.

Solar Plexus (album)
Solar Plexus is the debut compilation album released by Mavin Records on May 8, 2012. Produced entirely by Don Jazzy, the album comprises thirteen tracks and was made available for free digital download. It contains solo tracks recorded by D'Prince, Tiwa Savage, Wande Coal and Dr SID. The album's release coincided with the record label's launch date. Solar Plexus was supported by the singles "Take Banana" and "Omo Ga". The album received generally negative reviews from music critics, who called it a "rushed project" and considered it to be "Don Jazzy's weakest produced album of his career".
Wilhelm Trabandt
August Wilhelm Trabandt (21 July 1891 – 19 May 1968) was a high-ranking member of the SS during World War II. During the war, Trabandt commanded the 1st SS Infantry Brigade, 18th SS Volunteer Panzergrenadier Division Horst Wessel and Kampfgruppe Böhmen-Mähren. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.

1st SS Infantry Brigade
The 1st SS Infantry Brigade (German: 1. SS-Infanteriebrigade) was a unit of the German Waffen SS formed from former concentration camp guards for service in the Soviet Union behind the main front line during the Second World War. They conducted Nazi security warfare in the rear of the advancing German troops and took part in the Holocaust. The unit also filled gaps in the front line when called upon in emergencies. In 1944, the brigade was used as the cadre in the formation of the SS Division Horst Wessel.
Lebanoraphidia
Lebanoraphidia is an extinct genus of snakefly in the family Mesoraphidiidae.  The genus is solely known from Cretaceous, Upper Neocomian, fossil amber found in Lebanon.  Currently the genus is composed of a single species Lebanoraphidia nana.

Mesoraphidiidae
Mesoraphidiidae is an extinct family of snakeflies in the suborder Raphidiomorpha.  The family lived from the Late Jurassic through the Late Cretaceous and is known from twenty-five genera. Mesoraphidiids have been found as both compression fossils and as inclusions in amber. The family was first proposed in 1925 by the Russian paleoentomologist Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov based on Upper Jurassic fossils recovered in Kazakhstan.  The family was expanded in 2002 by the synonymizing of several other proposed snakefly families. The family was divided into three subfamilies and one tribe in a 2011 paper, further clarifying the relationships of the included genera.
Presidio La Bahía
The Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto de la Bahía, known more commonly as Presidio La Bahía, or simply La Bahía, is a fort constructed by the Spanish Army.  It became the center of a community that developed into what is now the  city of Goliad, Texas, United States. The current location dates to 1747.

During the Texas Revolution, the presidio was the site of the Battle of Goliad in October 1835, and the Goliad massacre in March 1836.

It was restored in the 1960s and was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1967. While several adjacent historical sites in Goliad are now part of the Texas state parks system, La Bahía is owned by the Catholic Diocese of Victoria, Texas. It is operated as a public museum. Along with the San Antonio Missions, and the Ysleta and Soccorro Missions in El Paso, It is one of the most important extant Spanish Colonial Missions in Texas.

Texas Revolution
The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion by Anglo-American immigrants as well as Hispanic Texans (known as Texians and Tejanos respectively) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. The uprising was part of a larger revolt against the Centralist Republic of Mexico that included other provinces opposed to the regime of President Antonio López de Santa Anna. The Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Only the province of Texas succeeded in breaking with Mexico, establishing the Republic of Texas. It was eventually annexed by the United States about a decade later.
Louny
Louny (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlounɪ]; German: Laun) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 18,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Ohře River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Ohře
The Ohře (Czech pronunciation: [ˈoɦr̝ɛ] ⓘ), also known in English and German as Eger (German pronunciation: [ˈeːɡɐ] ⓘ), is a river in Germany and the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Bavarian district of Upper Franconia in Germany, and through the Karlovy Vary and Ústí nad Labem regions in the Czech Republic. It is 304.6 km (189.3 mi) long, of which 256 km (159 mi) is in the Czech Republic, making it the fourth longest river in the country.
Peasant uprising in Podhale (1630–1633)
The Peasant Uprising in Podhale (1630–1633) was a peasant revolt against Mikołaj Komorowski, who managed the Nowy Targ estates in Poland. Unrest in Podhale began as early as 1625 and escalated into an open armed conflict by 1630, lasting until 1633. The largest battle of the uprising, the first battle of Nowy Targ, took place in 1631. The leader of the uprising was Stanisław Łętowski, and the insurgents even proclaimed the Republic of Nowy Targ. The uprising was eventually suppressed by noble and royal forces.

Mikołaj Komorowski
Mikołaj Komorowski (born 1578 – died 2 October 1633 near Wadowice) was a count of Liptov and Orava, and starosta of Barwałd Dolny from 1608 to 1624. He also held the positions of starosta of Rabsztyn, Oświęcim, and Nowy Targ. He was a controversial figure, remembered for being involved in numerous conflicts; his actions sparked a several-year-long peasant uprising in Podhale from 1625 to 1633.
Phragmén–Lindelöf principle
In complex analysis, the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle (or method), first formulated by Lars Edvard Phragmén (1863–1937) and Ernst Leonard Lindelöf (1870–1946) in 1908, is a technique which employs an auxiliary, parameterized function to prove the boundedness of a holomorphic function  (i.e., ) on an unbounded domain  when an additional (usually mild) condition constraining the growth of  on  is given.  It is a generalization of the maximum modulus principle, which is only applicable to bounded domains.

Maximum modulus principle
In mathematics, the maximum modulus principle in complex analysis states that if  is a holomorphic function, then the modulus
 cannot exhibit a strict maximum that is strictly within the domain of .

In other words, either  is locally a constant function, or, for any point  inside the domain of  there exist other points arbitrarily close to  at which  takes larger values.
182nd Tunnelling Company
The 182nd Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.

175th Tunnelling Company
The 175th Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.
Kolwezi tailings project
10°42′42″S 25°23′48″E﻿ / ﻿10.711551°S 25.396614°E﻿ / -10.711551; 25.396614
The Kolwezi tailings project (French: Projet de résidus de Kolwezi) also known as the Roan Tailings Reclamation (RTR; Récupération des résidus de Roan) is a project in the Kolwezi mining area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to recover copper from the tailings, or processed ore, from mining in the region since the 1950s.
The project was developed by the Canadian mining companies Adastra Minerals and then First Quantum Minerals between 2004 and 2009, when the DRC government revoked First Quantum's license. The project is currently majority owned by the Eurasian Resources Group.

First Quantum Minerals
First Quantum Minerals is a Canadian-based mining and metals company whose principal activities include mineral exploration, development and mining. Its main product is copper, which accounts for 80% of revenues as of 2016.

First Quantum's common shares are listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange in Canada (symbol "FM"). Until 2016, First Quantum also maintained a secondary listing on the London Stock Exchange (symbol "FQM"), in the United Kingdom.