hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cuthbert Whitaker
Sir Cuthbert Wilfred Whitaker (26 May 1873 – 1950) was editor of Whitaker's Almanack. He held the position for fifty-five years, succeeding his father Joseph Whitaker when he died in 1895, and was in turn succeeded by a nephew on his death.

He was Chairman of the City of London Food Control Committee during the Second World War, and was knighted in 1946 for services to the City of London Corporation.

Whitaker was a Councilman for the ward of Farringdon Within from 1905. In 1944 he led the initiative to found the Guildhall Historical Association on 16 June 1944.

Whitaker's Almanack
Whitaker's was a reference book, published annually in the United Kingdom. It was originally published by J. Whitaker & Sons from 1868 to 1997, next by HM Stationery Office until 2003 and then by A. & C. Black, which became a wholly owned subsidiary of Bloomsbury Publishing in 2011. The publication was acquired by Rebellion Publishing in 2020, with the 153rd edition appearing on 15 April 2021. In mid-2022, Rebellion announced that there would not be a 2022 edition and no further editions have appeared since then.

The almanack consisted of articles, lists, and tables on subjects such as education, the peerage, government departments, health and social issues, and the environment. It provided a directory of then-current countries, covering their recent history, politics, economy, and culture. Extensive astronomical data covering the forthcoming year were published at the rear of the book.
Tervola
Tervola is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Lapland, Finland. The municipality has a population of 2,820
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 1,592.03 square kilometres (614.69 sq mi) of
which 32.66 km2 (12.61 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
1.81 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi).

Neighbour municipalities are Keminmaa, Ranua, Rovaniemi, Simo, Tornio and Ylitornio. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipal coat of arms is inspired by the agricultural history of Tervola. The crane in the coat of arms refers to the swamps, from which a large part of the area's fields were cleared. The onion, in turn, is one of the plant species that thrives in these fields. The coat of arms was designed by Ahti Hammar and was adopted on February 15, 1957.

Keminmaa
Keminmaa (Finnish: [ˈkemimˌmɑː]; until 1979 Kemin maalaiskunta; Inari Sami: Kiemâeennâm; Skolt Sami: Ǩeeʹmmjânnam) is a municipality of Finland. It is located near the towns of Kemi and Tornio in the Lapland region.

The municipality has a population of 7,591
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 647.24 square kilometres (249.90 sq mi) of
which 20.73 km2 (8.00 sq mi)
is water. The population density is
12.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (31/sq mi).
St. Michael Catholic Secondary School
St. Michael Catholic Secondary School, known locally as St. Mike's, is a Catholic secondary school located in Stratford, Ontario.

The school is one of two secondary schools in Stratford, the other being Stratford District Secondary School. St Mike's is one of two secondary schools in the Huron-Perth Catholic District School Board, the other school being St. Anne's Catholic Secondary School. The school opened in September 1986 on Grange Street, now the home of Jeanne Sauvé Catholic Elementary School, with approximately 60 students. The school moved to the Oakdale Avenue location in September 1993, with an addition to the building being added in 2006.

Approximately 1,000 students attend on an annual basis. The building is unique as it shares a library with Stratford District Secondary School, the city's public high school. A multi-use sports area named Stratford Education Recreation Complex (SERC) surrounds the buildings.

St. Anne's Catholic Secondary School
St. Anne's Catholic Secondary School (or St. Anne's CSS for short) is a Catholic high school in Clinton, Ontario. It is noted for its sports teams and exceptional grades that are usually at or above the provincial expectations. It serves students from grades nine to twelve. The motto of St. Anne's is "in alis aquilae" which is Latin for "on eagle's wings". This motto is taken from the Book of Isaiah, Chapter 40.
Ampara District
Ampara District (Tamil: அம்பாறை மாவட்டம், romanized: Ampāṟai Māvaṭṭam; Sinhala: අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය, romanized: Ampāra Distrikkaya) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka, the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The district is administered by a District Secretariat headed by a District Secretary (previously known as a Government Agent) appointed by the central government of Sri Lanka. The capital of the district is the town of Ampara. The district was carved out of the southern part of Batticaloa District in April 1961.

Districts of Sri Lanka
Districts (Sinhala: දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක, romanized: Distrikka, Tamil: மாவட்டம், romanized: Māvaṭṭam) are the second level administrative divisions of Sri Lanka, preceded by provinces. Sri Lanka has 25 districts organized into 9 provinces. Districts are further divided into a number of divisional secretariats (commonly known as D.S. divisions), which are in turn subdivided into 14,022 grama niladhari divisions. There are 331 DS divisions in Sri Lanka.

Each district is administered under a district secretary, who is appointed by the central government. The main tasks of the district secretariat involve coordinating communications and activities of the central government and divisional secretariats. The district secretariat is also responsible for implementing and monitoring development projects at the district level and assisting lower-level subdivisions in their activities, as well as revenue collection and coordination of elections in the district.
Río Grande, Puerto Rico
Río Grande (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈri.o ˈɣɾande]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located on the eastern edge of the Northern Coastal Valley, north of Las Piedras, Naguabo and Ceiba; east of Loíza and Canóvanas and west of Luquillo. Río Grande is spread over eight barrios and Río Grande Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. A big portion of El Yunque National Forest, including El Yunque's peak, is located within the municipality.

San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area
The San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area, most commonly known as the San Juan metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de San Juan), is the largest and most populous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, concentrated in the capital of San Juan and surrounding municipalities, including Bayamón, Caguas, and Carolina, on the northeastern coastal plain of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it is within the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 combined statistical areas in the archipelago as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, the estimated population of the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area is 842,535 in municipalities in the conurbation and 1,193,198 in municipalities outside the urban core, making it the fourth largest in the insular Caribbean.
Sanely
Sanely (born in 1981) is a Luchadora enmascarada (masked female professional wrestler). She is working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) as a tecnica (those that portray the "good guys" in professional wrestling) and is a former Mexican National Women's Champion. Outside of her wrestling career Sanely is a trained Psychologist and a physical fitness trainer.

She is a second-generation wrestler, the daughter of Jesús Reza Rosales, better known as Mano Negra, the sister of Mano Negra Jr. and the sister-in-law of Black Warrior. Her mask and her black and blue wrestling gear color scheme is based on her father's mask.

Mano Negra (wrestler)
Jesús Reza Rosales (born January 15, 1951) is a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under the ring name Mano Negra. Mano Negra is Spanish for "The Black Hand" and is taken from the Spanish anarchist organisation La Mano Negra. Rosales is a former two time holder of the NWA World Welterweight Championship, two time holder of the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship, and the Mexican National Light Heavyweight Championship while working for Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL). He also worked for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) where he held the UWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship and for the World Wrestling Association (WWA) where he held the WWA Lightweight Championship. Mano Negra was originally an Enmascarado, or masked wrestler, but lost a Lucha de Apuesta, bet match, to Atlantis in the main event of CMLL's 60th Anniversary Show and was forced to unmask.
Hamilton Harbour, Bermuda
Hamilton Harbour is a natural harbour in Bermuda which serves as the port for the capital, the City of Hamilton. It is an arm of the Great Sound, and forms a tapering wedge shape of water between Paget Parish and the peninsula which forms Pembroke Parish, and upon which the capital sits.

The approaches to the harbour are protected by a chain of islands (notably Hinson's, Marshall's, Long, and Hawkins), and by the small Salt Kettle Peninsula. Another island sits inside the harbour itself, White's Island. The eastern end of the harbour, the narrow corner of an isosceles triangle, is a small mangrove grown bay used for mooring smaller pleasure boats.

Hamilton, Bermuda
Hamilton is the capital city of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda, and the main settlement of Pembroke Parish. A port city, Hamilton is Bermuda's financial and commercial centre, and a popular tourist destination. Its population of 854 (2016) and its small land area make it one of the smallest capital cities in the world.
Ángel Garrido
Ángel Garrido García (born 7 April 1964) is a Spanish politician who served as President of the Community of Madrid between April 2018 and April 2019. He was a member of the People's Party until 24 April 2019, only four days ahead of the 2019 Spanish general election, when he announced he was joining Citizens.

People's Party of the Community of Madrid
The People's Party of the Community of Madrid (Spanish: Partido Popular de la Comunidad de Madrid, PP) is the regional branch of the People's Party in the Community of Madrid, as well as one of the historically most powerful organizations within the PP.
Old Mobile Site
The Old Mobile Site was the location of the French settlement La Mobile and the associated Fort Louis de La Louisiane, in the French colony of New France in North America, from 1702 until 1712. The site is located in Le Moyne, Alabama, on the Mobile River in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. The settlement served as the capital of French Louisiana from 1702 until 1711, when the capital was relocated to the site of present-day Mobile, Alabama. The settlement was founded and originally governed by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville. Upon the death of d'Iberville (or Iberville), the settlement was governed by his younger brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville. The site can be considered a French counterpart to the English colonial settlement at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia.
The settlement site and fort were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1976. The Old Mobile Site was determined eligible for designation as a National Historic Landmark on January 3, 2001.

Le Moyne, Alabama
Le Moyne is an unincorporated community in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. It was named in honor of the Le Moyne brothers, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville, founders of colonial Mobile.  Twenty-Seven Mile Bluff, on the Mobile River, is located in Le Moyne. The bluff is the site of the former Fort Louis de La Louisiane, capital of French Louisiana from 1702 until 1711.
Cataño, Puerto Rico
Cataño (Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈtaɲo]) is a town and municipality on the northeastern coastal plain of Puerto Rico. It is west of the capital San Juan, east of Toa Baja, north of Bayamón and Guaynabo, and south of San Juan Bay. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Cataño is spread over 7 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Cataño Pueblo. It is the smallest municipality of Puerto Rico by land area.

San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area
The San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area, most commonly known as the San Juan metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de San Juan), is the largest and most populous metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, concentrated in the capital of San Juan and surrounding municipalities, including Bayamón, Caguas, and Carolina, on the northeastern coastal plain of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it is within the San Juan–Bayamón combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 combined statistical areas in the archipelago as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, the estimated population of the San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area is 842,535 in municipalities in the conurbation and 1,193,198 in municipalities outside the urban core, making it the fourth largest in the insular Caribbean.
Calibrated geometry
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, a calibrated manifold is a Riemannian manifold (M,g) of dimension n equipped with a differential p-form φ (for some 0 ≤ p ≤ n) which is a calibration, meaning that:

φ is closed, that is, dφ = 0, where d is the exterior derivative.

φ has operator norm at most 1.  That is, for any x ∈ M and any p-vector , we have φ(ξ) ≤ vol(ξ), with volume defined with respect to the Riemannian metric g.

A main reason for defining a calibration is that it creates a distinguished set of "directions" (i.e. p-planes) in which φ is actually equal to the volume form, that is, the inequality above is an equality.  For x in M, set Gx(φ) to be the subset of such planes in the Grassmannian of p-planes in TxM.  In cases of interest, Gx(φ) is always nonempty. Let G(φ) be the union of Gx(φ) for all , viewed as a subspace of the bundle of p-planes in TM.

Edmond Bonan
Edmond Bonan (born 27 January 1937 in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine) is a French mathematician, known particularly for his work on special holonomy.
Although not a single example 
of G2 manifold or Spin(7) manifold had  been discovered until thirty years later, Edmond Bonan nonetheless  made a useful contribution by showing  in 1966,  that such  manifolds  would carry at least a  parallel 4-form,  and would necessarily be Ricci-flat,
propelling them as candidates for string theory.
Miyoshi Nagayoshi
Miyoshi Nagayoshi (三好 長慶, March 10, 1522 – August 10, 1564), or Miyoshi Choukei, the eldest son of Miyoshi Motonaga, was a Japanese samurai and daimyō who ruled seven provinces in Kansai. He was considered the most powerful figure during the Sengoku period before the rise of Oda Nobunaga, as Nagayoshi controlled the central government of the Shogunate.

Nagayoshi held the court titles of Shūri-dayū (修理太夫) and Chikuzen no Kami (筑前守). During his tenure, the Miyoshi clan would experience a great rise of power, and engage in a protracted military campaign against its rivals, the Rokkaku clan and the Hosokawa clan, while also engaging in conflict against Ashikaga Yoshiteru, the Shogun.

Nagayoshi was most known for his role in the political strife at Kyoto in the mid-16th century. Under his leadership, the Miyoshi clan was considered to be at the greatest extent of their power in history.

Ashikaga Yoshiharu
Ashikaga Yoshiharu (足利 義晴; April 2, 1511 – May 20, 1550) was the twelfth shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate from 1521 through 1546 during the late Muromachi period of Japan. He was the son of the eleventh shōgun Ashikaga Yoshizumi.

From a western perspective, Yoshiharu is significant, as he was shōgun when the first contact of Japan with the European West took place in 1543. A Portuguese ship, blown off its course to China, landed in Japan. In 1526, Yoshiharu invited archers from neighbouring provinces to come to the capital for an archery contest.
Diocese of Crookston
The Diocese of Crookston (Latin: Diœcesis Crookstoniensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northwestern Minnesota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Crookston. As of 2024, the bishop is Andrew Cozzens.

Andrew Cozzens
Andrew Harmon Cozzens (born August 3, 1968) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as Bishop of Crookston since 2021. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop for the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis from 2013 to 2021.
Trbinc
Trbinc (pronounced [təɾˈbiːnts]) is a settlement immediately west of Mirna in the Municipality of Mirna in southeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.

An Iron Age settlement has been identified near the settlement.

Mirna, Mirna
Mirna (pronounced [ˈmìːɾna, ˈmíːɾna]; German: Neydeck or Neudegg) is a nucleated village and a minor economic centre in central Lower Carniola, Slovenia. It is the largest settlement of the Mirna Valley and the seat of the Municipality of Mirna. It is situated at the crossing of regional roads and a confluence of several creeks with the Mirna River, along the railway line linking Sevnica and Trebnje.
Falls International Airport
Falls International Airport (IATA: INL, ICAO: KINL, FAA LID: INL) is a city-owned public-use airport located in International Falls, a city in Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. It is mostly used for general aviation but is also served by one commercial airline with scheduled passenger service subsidized by the Essential Air Service program.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 16,590 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 15,861 enplanements in 2009, and 14,051 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, which categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).

International Falls, Minnesota
International Falls (sometimes referred to as I-Falls) is a city in and the county seat of Koochiching County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,802 at the time of the 2020 census.

International Falls is located on the Rainy River directly across from Fort Frances, Ontario, Canada. The two cities are connected by the Fort Frances–International Falls International Bridge. Voyageurs National Park is located 11 miles east of International Falls. There is a major U.S. Customs and Border Protection Port of Entry on the International Falls side of the toll bridge and a Canadian Customs entry point on the north side of the bridge.

International Falls is nicknamed the "Icebox of the Nation", with an average of 109.4 days per year with a high temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Ammonius (crater)
Ammonius is a bowl-shaped lunar impact crater with a slightly raised rim. It is located on the floor of the walled plain Ptolemaeus, about 30 kilometers northeast of the crater midpoint.

Just to the north on the lava-flooded floor of Ptolemaeus is a relatively prominent "ghost" crater: the discernible buried rim of a pre-existing crater. The diameter of this ghost crater is nearly double that of Ammonius, and is currently identified as Ptolemaeus B.

Ptolemaeus (lunar crater)
Ptolemaeus is an ancient lunar impact crater close to the center of the near side, named for Claudius Ptolemy, the Greco-Roman writer, mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer. It measures approximately 154 kilometers in diameter.
Scud missile
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.

Scud missiles have been used in combat since the 1970s, mostly in wars in the Middle East. They became familiar to the Western public during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when Iraq fired dozens at Saudi Arabia and Israel. In Russian service, it has been replaced by the 9K720 Iskander.

Burkan-2
The Burkan-2H (Arabic H-بركان ٢), or Volcano-2H (also spelled as Borkan H2 and Burqan 2H) is a mobile short-range ballistic missile used by the Houthis militants in Yemen. The Volcano H-2 was first launched in July 2017. It is related to the Scud missile family.
Lipetsk
Lipetsk (Russian: Ли́пецк, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtsk]), also romanized as Lipeck, is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: 496,403 (2021 census); 508,887 (2010 census); 506,114 (2002 census); 449,635 (1989 Soviet census).

Novolipetsk Steel
Novolipetsk Steel, or NLMK, is one of the four largest steel companies in Russia. NLMK's share of domestic crude steel production is about 21%. It primarily produces flat steel products, semi-finished steel products, and electrical steels. NLMK also produces specialty coated steels, as well as high-ductility and micro-alloyed steels. It is the 21st-largest steel maker in the world. The larger NLMK group owns several other steel and mining companies, primarily in Russia.
Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is carbon monoxide (CO). The ratio between CO luminosity and H2 mass is thought to be constant, although there are reasons to doubt this assumption in observations of some other galaxies.

Within molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps. These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.

OB star
OB stars are hot, massive stars of spectral types O or early-type B that form in loosely organized groups called OB associations. They are short lived, and thus do not move very far from where they formed within their life. During their lifetime, they will emit much ultraviolet radiation. This radiation rapidly ionizes the surrounding interstellar gas of the giant molecular cloud, forming an H II region or Strömgren sphere.

In lists of spectra the "spectrum of OB" refers to "unknown, but belonging to an OB association so thus of early type".
Marcel Witeczek
Marcel Witeczek (born 18 October 1968) is a German former professional footballer who played mostly as an attacking midfielder.

Over the course of 15 seasons, he played in 410 Bundesliga games (50 goals; 474/59 counting both major levels of German football), representing four teams, including league powerhouse Bayern Munich, with whom he won his only titles.

1985 FIFA U-16 World Championship
The 1985 FIFA U-16 World Championship, the first edition of the tournament, was held in the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Dalian in People's Republic of China from July 31, 1985, to August 11, 1985. Players born after August 1, 1968, could participate in this tournament. The total attendance for the tournament was a record 1,230,976. The 2017 U-17 World Cup surpassed this, with a record attendance of 1,347,133.