hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gamma I, Greater Noida
Gamma I or Gamma 1 is a commercial-cum residential locality in western Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bordered by Gamma II to the east, Beta I to the south and Knowledge Park III and Knowledge Park I to the west, it is considered one of the affluent neighborhoods in the city and is also known for serving the Jagat Farm market and Kadamba Shopping Complex.

Gamma II, Greater Noida
Gamma II or Gamma 2 is a residential locality in western Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bordered by Gamma I to the west, Delta III to the east and Beta II to the south, it is considered one of the affluent neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood once served the registry office of Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority.
Du Rietz
Du Rietz (pronunciation: [’dʏrjeː]) is a Swedish noble family of French Flanders origin. According family tradition deriving from French old nobility traditionally held to date back to 1100. The family first came to Sweden in 1642 with Grégoire François Du Rietz (1607–1682), a French court physician in the employ of Christina, Queen of Sweden. The family was naturalised in 1651 and was introduced in the Swedish nobility at the Swedish House of Nobility as family number 666 in 1660. Grégoire François Du Rietz’ great-grandson, Lieutenant general and County Governor Anders Rudolf du Rietz (1720–1792),  was raised to baronial rank in 1778 and was introduced in 1779 under the name of Du Rietz af Hedensberg, family number 299. However, that branch of the family became extinct in 1797, with the death of one of his sons.

Grégoire François Du Rietz
Grégoire François Du Rietz (1607, Arras - 5 February 1682, Maria Magdalena church, Stockholm) was a physician. He was born in Arras which was then part of the Spanish Netherlands. He served as personal physician to queen Christina of Sweden, Carl X Gustav of Sweden, Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp and Carl XI of Sweden. He was naturalised as a Swedish subject in 1660 and was thus the originator of the Swedish Du Rietz dynasty.
Portage station
Portage station is an Amtrak intercity train station in Portage, Wisconsin. It is served by two daily round trips of the Borealis and Empire Builder.

The depot is a small square brick structure constructed during the Amtrak era that is located near a Canadian Pacific Kansas City yard office. The office occupies what was formerly the Portage passenger depot, served by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road) prior to the creation of Amtrak. There are no station staff in Portage.

In October 2011, Lamers Bus Lines began offering a daily stop at the station, with service between Madison and Wausau.  This service was transferred to Van Galder Coach USA in 2022.

Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County. It is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Portage was named for the Fox–Wisconsin Waterway, a portage between the Fox River and the Wisconsin River, which was recognized by Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during their discovery of a route to the Mississippi River in 1673. The city's slogan is "Where the North Begins."
Lord Richard Nevill
Lord Richard Plantagenet Nevill, CMG, CVO, DL (13 January 1862 – 1 December 1939) was a British courtier who served in the households numerous Australian state governors, as well as the governor-generals of Australia and Canada.

William Nevill, 1st Marquess of Abergavenny
William Nevill, 1st Marquess of Abergavenny (16 September 1826 – 12 December 1915), styled Viscount Neville between 1845 and 1868 and known as The Earl of Abergavenny between 1868 and 1876, was a British peer.
Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli
Giovanni Innocenzo Martinelli OFM (5 February 1942 in El Khadra, Libya – 30 December 2019 in Saccolongo, Italy) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. He was also a Vicar Apostolic of Tripoli and the Titular Bishop of Tabuda.

Apostolic Vicariate of Tripoli
The Apostolic Vicariate of Tripoli (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Tripolitanus) is a Latin Church missionary territory or apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church in Tripolitania, Libya.

It is immediately exempt to the Holy See, depending on the Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, and not part of any ecclesiastical province

Although still named after its episcopal see, it has no cathedral since Tripoli Cathedral was converted into a mosque. Currently the temporary cathedral is the St. Francis Pro-Cathedral located in the city of Tripoli that simultaneously serves as a parish church.
Cölln
52°31′02″N 13°24′10″E﻿ / ﻿52.51722°N 13.40278°E﻿ / 52.51722; 13.40278

Cölln (German pronunciation: [ˈkœln] ⓘ) was the twin city of Old Berlin (Alt-Berlin) from the 13th century to the 18th century. Cölln was located on the Fisher Island section of Spree Island, opposite Altberlin on the western bank of the River Spree, until the cities were merged by Frederick I of Prussia to form Berlin in 1710. Today, the former site of Cölln is the historic core of the modern Mitte locality of the Berlin-Mitte borough in central Berlin.

Fischerinsel
Fischerinsel (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃɐˌʔɪnzl̩] ⓘ, Fisher Island) is the southern part of the island in the River Spree which was formerly the location of the city of Cölln and is now part of central Berlin. The northern part of the island is known as Museum Island. Fischerinsel is normally said to extend south from Gertraudenstraße and is named for a fishermen's settlement which formerly occupied the southern end of the island. Until the mid-twentieth century it was a well preserved pre-industrial neighbourhood, and most of the buildings survived World War II, but in the 1960s and 1970s under the German Democratic Republic it was levelled and replaced with a development of residential tower blocks.
Jacksonville High School (Arkansas)
Jacksonville High School (JHS) is a secondary public school located in Jacksonville, Arkansas for students in grades nine through twelve. JHS serves students in the Jacksonville and McAlmont communities and is administered by the Jacksonville North Pulaski School District (JNPSD). The school was previously in the Pulaski County Special School District.

Jacksonville North Pulaski School District
Jacksonville North Pulaski School District (JNPSD) is a public school district system located in Jacksonville, Arkansas, USA. The district serves the city of Jacksonville and a portion of northeastern Pulaski County, along with a portion of Lonoke County. Upon detachment from Pulaski County Special School District July 1, 2016, the district assumed operation of one high school, one middle school, and seven elementary schools.
Spokane Convention Center
Spokane Convention Center is the primary convention center in Spokane, Washington, in the northwest United States, and consists of two interconnected buildings along the south bank of the Spokane River in downtown Spokane.  The facility, owned and operated by the Spokane Public Facilities District, is part of a larger campus, historically referred to as Spokane Center, that also contains the adjacent First Interstate Center for the Arts which is connected to the Davenport Grand hotel across the street via a skywalk.

The Davenport Hotel Collection
The Davenport Hotel Collection is a brand collection of four upscale hotels in Spokane, Washington.  All the hotels are located in Downtown Spokane. The brand is owned by KSL Capital Partners and operated by the Davidson Hospitality Group.
Sir Charles des Voeux, 1st Baronet
Sir Charles Phillip Vinchon Des Voeux, 1st Baronet (died 24 August 1814) was an Irish politician.

Des Voeux was the son of Martin Anthony Vinchon de Bacquencourt, who had assumed the surname of Des Voeux after leaving France to settle in Ireland having abandoned the Roman Catholic faith. Des Voeux made a fortune in India before returning to Ireland and representing Carlow in the Irish House of Commons between 1783 and 1790. On 1 September 1787 he was created a baronet, of Indiaville in the Baronetage of Ireland. He represented Carlingford in the Irish Commons from 1790 to 1797. His son, Charles, succeeded in his title. Des Voeux was the grandfather of William Des Vœux.

William Des Vœux
Sir George William Des Vœux GCMG (22 September 1834 – 15 December 1909) was a British colonial administrator who served as governor of Fiji (1880–1885), Newfoundland (1886–1887), and Hong Kong (1887–1891).
Vilangu (TV series)
Vilangu (transl. Handcuff) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language crime thriller streaming television series produced as an Original for Zee5, directed by Prasanth Pandiyaraj of Bruce Lee fame. Produced by Escape Artists the series stars Vemal in the lead role along with Ineya, Bala Saravanan, Munishkanth and R. N. R. Manohar. The series comprised seven episodes and was released on Zee5 on 18 February 2022. This series was remade in Bengali as Bibhishon, in Hindi as Janaawar – The Beast Within and in Kannada as Raakshasa (2026).

Bibhishon
Bibhishon is a Bengali-language psychological thriller series directed by Raja Chanda. The series was released on ZEE5 on 27 June 2025 and stars Soham Majumdar as Sub-Inspector Bidhan Sen and Debchandrima Singha Roy as his wife, Brishti. Set in the town of Birbhum, the story follows a police investigation that brings hidden aspects of the characters' pasts to light. It is a remake of the 2022 Tamil series Vilangu.
Clive Whitmore
Sir Clive Anthony Whitmore GCB CVO (born 18 January 1935) is a former British senior civil servant.

Whitmore was educated at Sutton Grammar School in Surrey and Christ's College, Cambridge.

Whitmore served as Principal Private Secretary to Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1982. After that, he was appointed as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Defence and served until 1988. From 1988 to 1994, he was Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Home Office.

Whitmore was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 1983 New Year Honours and Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in the 1983 Birthday Honours. He was promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) in the 1988 Birthday Honours.

Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence
The permanent under-secretary of state for defence, also called the permanent secretary to the Ministry of Defence, is the permanent secretary at the Ministry of Defence. The office holder is the government's principal civilian adviser on Defence matters. The office holder is a member of the Defence Council and the Defence Board. They are the MOD principal accounting officer, and are called to give evidence to the Defence Select Committee.

The position has existed in its current format since the formation of the modern Ministry of Defence in 1964. It was preceded by the permanent secretary at the earlier Ministry of Defence (1947–1964), and by the permanent secretaries at the government departments that were absorbed into the Ministry of Defence in 1964: the permanent secretary to the Admiralty, the permanent under-secretary of state for war, and the permanent secretary to the Air Ministry.

The current permanent secretary to the MOD is David Williams.
Copa União Blue and White Modules
The dispute of Blue and White modules of Copa União correspond to the second level of Green and Yellow modules of the tournament. The blue module consisted of teams from the south of Brazil, while the white module brought together clubs from the north, northeast and center-west regions. Each of the modules had the participation of 24 clubs, totaling 48 in total.

Copa União Green Module
The Green Module of the Copa União is the tournament referred to the organizing body of the Clube dos 13, which is not officially recognized by the CBF, but which had reunited the most important Brazilian football clubs in the 1987 season.
Tyrkisk peber
Tyrkisk peber (Danish for "Turkish pepper", often referred to as Turkinpippuri in Finnish, Türkisch Pfeffer in German, Tyrkisk pepper in Norwegian and Turkisk peppar in Swedish) is a brand of salty liquorice candy flavoured with salmiac, popular in Northern Europe.

The brand was first launched in 1977 by the Danish company Perelly, but was acquired the Finnish company Fazer in 1996. Although other similar sweets are commercially available, the name Tyrkisk peber is a brand name to which Fazer has the exclusive rights.

Fazer
Fazer (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈfɑtser], Finland Swedish pronunciation: [ˈfat͡sær]) is one of the largest corporations in the Finnish food industry. The company was founded by Karl Fazer in 1891, as a "French-Russian café" in central Helsinki. Today, it employs over 6,000 people across Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Denmark, Norway and Poland. Its products are exported to more than 40 countries.
S. D. Burman
Sachin Dev Burman (1 October 1906 – 31 October 1975) was an Indian music director and singer. He was a member of the Tripura royal family. He started his career with Bengali films in 1937. He later began composing for Hindi movies and became one of the most successful and influential Indian film music composers. Burman composed the soundtracks for over 100 movies, including Bengali films and Hindi.

Apart from being a versatile composer, he also sang songs in folk style of East Bengal and light semi-classical. His son, R. D. Burman, was also a celebrated music composer for Bollywood films.

Burman's compositions were sung by the leading singers of the era, including Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Geeta Dutt, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Asha Bhosle, Shamshad Begum, Mukesh and Talat Mahmood. As a playback singer, Burman sang 14 Hindi and 13 Bengali film songs.

Meera Dev Burman
Meera Dev Burman (née Dasgupta; 1912-2007) was an Indian Bengali lyricist and musician. She was the wife of music director Sachin Dev Burman and mother of Rahul Dev Burman. She wrote lyrics for several Bengali films and helped her husband as an assistant in Hindi films.
2018 Monegasque general election
General elections were held in Monaco on 11 February 2018. Since the General Election of 2013, the largest party, Horizon Monaco, split, which led to the formation of a new political party – Primo! Priorite Monaco. The latter won 58% of the vote, while the other parties, Horizon Monaco and Union Monégasque got 26% and 16% respectively. This led to a 21-seat gain for Primo!, with the 3 remaining seats being divided between Horizon Monaco and Union Monégasque.

Horizon Monaco
Horizon Monaco was the ruling coalition of Monaco after the 2013 Monegasque general election, winning 20 of the 24 available seats in the National Council. The coalition, led by Laurent Nouvion, was composed mostly of the conservative Rally & Issues political party along with Synergie Monegasque and Union for the Principality. However, in 2016, many members defected to a new coalition, "New Majority", which became the new ruling coalition. In the 2018 election, it was transformed into an electoral list, which won two seats. Before 2023, it was represented in the National Council by Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo and Jacques Rit.
Guildhall Village Historic District
The Guildhall Village Historic District encompasses the central common and surrounding buildings in the village center of Guildhall, Vermont.  The town, the first to be settled in Vermont's Northeast Kingdom, has a history from the late 18th century as a commercial, civic, and industrial center, and is the shire town of Essex County.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

Guildhall, Vermont
Guildhall (/ˈɡɪlhɔːl/ GIL-hawl) is a town in and the shire town (county seat) of Essex County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 262. According to a large sign in the town center, it is the only town in the world so named. The name derives from a meeting house on the square called the Guildhall.

Guildhall is part of the Berlin, New Hampshire – Vermont Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Alternatives to imprisonment
The alternatives to imprisonment are types of punishment or treatment other than time in prison that can be given to a person who is convicted of committing a crime. Some of these are also known as alternative sanctions. Alternatives can take the form of fines, restorative justice, transformative justice or no punishment at all. Capital punishment, corporal punishment and electronic monitoring are also alternatives to imprisonment, but are not promoted by modern prison reform movements for decarceration due to them being carceral in nature.

Reformers generally seek to reduce prison populations and make increased use of alternatives with a focus on rehabilitation. The main arguments for this are that these responses reduce the chance of reoffending, reduce cost burdens on the state and reduce prison overcrowding.

Transformative justice
Transformative justice is a spectrum of social, economic, legal, and political practices and philosophies that aim to focus on the structures and underlying conditions that perpetuate harm and injustice. Taking up and expanding on the goals of restorative justice such as individual/community accountability, reparation, and non-retributive responses to harm, transformative justice imagines and puts into practice alternatives to the formal, state-based criminal justice system.
Inna Bohoslovska
Inna Hermanivna Bohoslovska (Ukrainian: І́нна Ге́рманівна Богосло́вська, Russian: И́нна Ге́рмановна Богосло́вская, alternative spellings: Bogoslovska, Bogoslovskaya) is a former Ukrainian politician and member of the Ukrainian parliament from 2007 to 2014. Bohoslovska was a candidate for President of Ukraine in the 2010 and 2019 Ukrainian presidential elections, with marginal results.

Aktsent
Aktsent (Ukrainian: Акцент, formally Viche (Ukrainian: Віче; English translation: Union or Council)), is a political party in Ukraine registered in May 1993. Before September 2005 the party was known as Constitutional Democratic Party (Ukrainian: Конституційно-демократична партія; Konstytutsijno-Demokratychna Partija). Between 2005 and 2018 the party was called Viche.
Petvar Heights
Petvar Heights (Bulgarian: Петварски възвишения, romanized: Petvarski vazvisheniya, IPA: [ˈpɛtvarski vɐzviˈʃɛnijɐ]) are the heights rising to 2492 m at Mount Mullen in southeast Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica.  The heights occupy an oval shaped area with a diameter of 21 km, separated from the rest of Sentinel Range by Wessbecher Glacier to the southwest, Kasilag Pass to the west, and Kornicker Glacier to the northwest and north. Their interior is drained by Hudman, Carey, Razboyna, Gabare and Divdyadovo Glaciers.

The heights are named after the settlement of Petvar in Southern Bulgaria.

Razboyna Glacier
Razboyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Разбойна, romanized: lednik Razboyna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik razˈbɔjnɐ]) is the 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the southeast side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica situated north of Drama Glacier, east of Kornicker Glacier, and south of the lower course of Thomas Glacier.  It is draining the north slopes of Bagra Peak, and flowing northeastwards to leave the range north of Long Peak.

The feature is named after the settlements of Razboyna in northeastern and southeastern Bulgaria.
Caba, La Union
Caba, officially the Municipality of Caba (Ilocano: Ili ti Caba; Pangasinan: Baley na Caba; Filipino: Bayan ng Caba), is a coastal municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 23,432 people.

It was the birthplace of Diego Silang, a prominent Filipino revolutionary leader who led an uprising against Spanish colonial rule in the Ilocos Region in 1762. The municipality is also known for its thriving bamboo industry and its scenic beaches. As of 2022, Caba had 17,787 registered voters.

Santo Tomas, La Union
Santo Tomás, officially the Municipality of Santo Tomas (Ilocano: Ili ti Santo Tomas; Pangasinan: Baley na Santo Tomas; Filipino: Bayan ng Santo Tomas), is a coastal municipality in the province of La Union, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 42,777 people.
Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the process of duplicating a segment of DNA into RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA). Other segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).

Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, composed of nucleotide sequences. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary RNA strand called a primary transcript.

In virology, the term transcription is used when referring to mRNA synthesis from a viral RNA molecule. The genome of many RNA viruses is composed of negative-sense RNA which acts as a template for positive sense viral messenger RNA - a necessary step in the synthesis of viral proteins needed for viral replication. This process is catalyzed by a viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase.

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DdRP), which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template.

RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage. Some eukaryotes also contain RdRps, which are involved in RNA interference and differ structurally from viral RdRps.
The Adventure of the Two Women
"The Adventure of the Two Women" is a Sherlock Holmes crime story by Adrian Conan Doyle, the youngest son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the Sherlock Holmes creator. The story was published in the 1954 collection The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes. It was first published in Collier's on 4 September 1953, and was illustrated by Robert Fawcett in Collier's.

The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes
The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes is a short story collection of twelve Sherlock Holmes pastiches, first published in 1954. It was written by Adrian Conan Doyle, who was the son of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (the creator of Sherlock Holmes), and by John Dickson Carr, who was the authorised biographer of the elder Conan Doyle. The first six stories were written in collaboration by the two writers, while the last six stories were written solely by Adrian Conan Doyle.

Each story in this collection is postscripted with a quote from one of the original Sherlock Holmes stories, making reference to an undocumented Holmes case that inspired it.
El Hamel
El Hamel is a town and commune in M'Sila Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 10,195.

El Hamel was built in the 11th century on two hills at the foot of Mount Omrane; Surrounded by mountains on all sides, the city resembles a medieval citadel below which flows the Great Oued. The village of the Saharan type, on a hill, while the zaouïa whose appearance resembles a fortress (ribât) rises on the second.

M'Sila Province
M'sila (Berber languages: ⵎⵙⵉⵍⴰ Msila) is a province (wilaya) of northern Algeria. It has a population of 958,361 people and an area of 18,718 square kilometres (7,227 sq mi), with a density of 74/square kilometer, while its capital, also called M'sila, home to M'sila University, has a population of about 100,000.

Localities include Bou Saada and Maadid. Chott El Hodna, a salt lake, crosses into M'sila. However, most of the region is semi-arid and undeveloped.

Additionally, M'sila was the location of the first village constructed as part of a government-run program to transition nomadic Algerians to sedentary life using local materials.

The village, now complete, was dubbed Maader and consists of houses, public and trading areas, and a mosque.