hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cradlewell
Cradlewell is an area within Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is most noted for its spired church and its public house, 'The Cradlewell' which opened in 1904 and later closed, for conversion to a hotel & restaurant. It developed as the main road crossing point of the steep Ouseburn valley. Jesmond Dene is close by.

The name may simply be from a cradle shaped horse trough situated at the edge of Jesmond Road in a prominent position.

The historic Armstrong Bridge emerges into Cradlewell with Jesmond Dene to the north and Jesmond Vale to the south of the bridge.

In 1993 work began on a bypass for the Cradlewell area, replacing the very steep Benton Bank as the main thoroughfare.  It joined the A1058 Coast Road with the Central Motorway after much protest from people who were opposed to cutting down so many ancient trees. There were tree-top demonstrations that held up the construction for a long time.

Jesmond Vale
Jesmond Vale is a town located in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. situated in the Ouseburn Valley, an area with diverse fauna, mature trees, and a rich history of industrial archeology. The surrounding areas are commonly used for entertainment and outdoor activities.
Archduchess Maria of Austria (1584–1649)
Archduchess Maria of Austria (German: Erzherzogin Maria von Österreich) (Innsbruck, 16 June 1584 – Innsbruck, 2 March 1649) was the daughter of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria and his second wife Anne Juliana Gonzaga.  She became a nun, following in the footsteps of her mother, whose side she remained at for the rest of her life. They were buried together in the Church of the Servants of Mary, in Innsbruck.

Anna Juliana Gonzaga
Anna Caterina Gonzaga (religious name Anna Juliana; 16 November 1566 – 3 August 1621) became Archduchess consort of Further Austria through her marriage. She became a religious sister of the Servite Order following the death of her husband, Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria.
Pälkänevesi
Pälkänevesi is a lake in Finland. The lake is located in the municipality of Pälkäne in the Pirkanmaa region.

The lake is part of Kokemäenjoki basin and a chain of lakes that consists of Längelmävesi, Vesijärvi, Roine, Pälkänevesi and Mallasvesi. This chain of lakes drains into Vanajavesi in Valkeakoski and from southeast another chain of lakes, consisting of the lakes Lummene, Kuohijärvi, Kukkia, Iso-Roine, Hauhonselkä and Ilmoilanselkä joins into it. In Finnish the former chain of lakes is called Längelmäveden reitti and the latter Hauhon reitti as it runs through the former municipality of Hauho.

Längelmävesi
Längelmävesi (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈlæŋːelmæˌʋesi]) is a lake in southwestern Finland. The lake is located mostly in the Pirkanmaa region at an elevation of 84.2 metres (276 ft). Längelmävesi is within the municipalities of Jämsä (formerly Längelmäki), Kangasala (formerly Sahalahti), Kuhmalahti, and Orivesi.
Brodmann area 31
Brodmann area 31, also known as dorsal posterior cingulate area 31, is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of the cerebral cortex. In the human, it occupies portions of the posterior cingulate gyrus and medial aspect of the parietal lobe. Approximate boundaries are the cingulate sulcus dorsally and the parieto-occipital sulcus caudally. It partially surrounds the subparietal sulcus, the ventral continuation of the cingulate sulcus in the parietal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded rostrally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, ventrally by the ventral posterior cingulate area 23, dorsally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 and preparietal area 5 and caudally by the superior parietal area 7 (H) (Brodmann-1909).

Brodmann area 5
Brodmann area 5 is one of Brodmann's cytoarchitectural defined regions of the brain.  It is involved in somatosensory processing, movement and association, and is part of the posterior parietal cortex.
New Looney Tunes
New Looney Tunes (originally titled Wabbit: A Looney Tunes Production in the United States, and Bugs! in some markets for its first season) is an American animated television series from Warner Bros. Animation based on the characters from Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies. The series debuted on September 21, 2015, on Cartoon Network, and continued with new episodes beginning on October 5, 2015, on Boomerang. Partway through the first season, new episodes would premiere on Boomerang's video on demand service before airing on television.

On May 23, 2018, the Boomerang streaming service announced that New Looney Tunes would continue into 2019, with the third season being the show's last. The final episodes were released on January 30, 2020. The series was followed by the more traditionally formatted Looney Tunes Cartoons on May 27, 2020, which is streaming on HBO Max.

Daffy Duck
Daffy Duck is a cartoon character created by animators Tex Avery and Bob Clampett for Leon Schlesinger Productions. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck, he has appeared in cartoon series such as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies, in which he is usually depicted as a foil for either Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, or Speedy Gonzales. He was one of the first of the new "screwball" characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier in the decade, such as Mickey Mouse, Porky Pig, and Popeye.

Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age, making him the third-most frequent character in the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons, behind Bugs Bunny's 168 appearances and Porky Pig's 153 appearances. Virtually every Warner Bros. cartoon director, most notably Bob Clampett, Robert McKimson, and Chuck Jones, put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character.

He was ranked number 14 on TV Guide's list of top 50 greatest cartoon characters.
Breynat River
The Breynat River is a tributary of the Harricana River in the municipality of Baie-James in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada.

The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, but safe circulation on the ice generally occurs from mid-November to the end of April.

Malouin River
The Malouin River is a tributary of the Harricana River, flowing into the municipality of Eeyou Istchee Baie-James (municipality), in the administrative region of Nord-du-Québec, in Quebec, in Canada. Its course crosses the townships of Massicotte and Manthet.

The surface of the river is usually frozen from early November to mid-May, however, safe ice movement is generally from mid-November to the end of April.
Renville County, North Dakota
Renville County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,282, and was estimated to be 2,376 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Mohall.

Renville County is part of the Minot, ND Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is located south of the Canada–United States border with Saskatchewan.

Bottineau County, North Dakota
Bottineau County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,379. and was estimated to be 6,391 in 2024, The county seat and the largest city is Bottineau. Bottineau County has several lakes, predominantly in the north and east of the county. Bottineau County is home to Lake Metagoshe & Lake Metagoshe State Park, which is located in the north section of the county.

The Territorial legislature identified Bottineau as being one of the original counties of the territory on January 4, 1873. It was created on July 17, 1884. It is named for Pierre Bottineau (c.1814-1895), a Métis pioneer, hunter, and trapper who became a successful land speculator.

Bottineau is well known for its winter park, snowmobiling, and ice fishing. Manitoba and Saskatchewan are on its northern border.
Finnish national road 69
The Finnish national road 69 (Finnish: Kantatie 69; Swedish: Stamväg 69) is the 2nd class main route from Äänekoski's Hirvaskangas to Suonenjoki's Levä. The length of the road is 88 kilometers. The road as a whole is two-lane and of varying quality.

Highways in Finland
Highways in Finland, or Main roads, comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland:

Main roads Class I – Finnish: valtatiet; Swedish: riksvägar  – numbered 1–39, between major cities

Main roads Class II – Finnish: kantatiet; Swedish: stamvägar – numbered 40–99, between regional centers
Parliamentary constituencies in Somerset
The county of Somerset is currently divided into 7 parliamentary constituencies,
which are all county constituencies. Three seats cross the county boundary - two are shared with Avon and one with Devon.

Yeovil (UK Parliament constituency)
Yeovil is a constituency in Somerset created in 1918 and represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Since the 2024 General Election, the constituency has been represented by Liberal Democrat MP Adam Dance.
Palü Lake
Palü Lake (Italian: Lago Palü, Romansh: Lagh da Palü, German Palüsee) is a lake below Piz Palü in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It has an elevation of 1,923 m (6,309 ft) and a surface area of 5.2 ha (13 acres). Water from Palü Glacier feeds into the lake.

In 1926, a dam was built enabling use of the lake as a reservoir. The nearby Palü hydro-electric power station has an installed capacity of 10 MW and is fed by a pressurised pipe-line from Lago Bianco. The outfall from this plant, along with water from Lago Palü, feeds an underground pipeline to the Cavaglia power station at Cavaglia. The 800-metre (2,600 ft) tunnel connecting the two plants also accommodates a funicular railway that is open to the public during tours of the plants.

Palü Glacier
The Palü Glacier (Romansh: Vadret da Palü) is a 3.5 km long glacier (2005) on the southeastern flank of Piz Palü in the Bernina Range. It belongs to the valley of Poschiavo in the canton of Graubünden. In 1973 it had an area of 6.47 km2.

A lake formed at the bottom of the glacier, at a height of 2,322 metres. Below the glacier lake is another lake, the Lago Palü. Both lakes can be easily reached from the Alp Grüm railway station on the Bernina line.
Gazaland
Gazaland is the historical name for the region in southeast Africa, in modern-day Mozambique and Zimbabwe, which extends northward from the Komati River at Delagoa Bay in Mozambique's Maputo Province to the Pungwe River in central Mozambique.

Gaza Province
Gaza is a province of Mozambique. It has an area of 75,709 km2 and a population of 1,422,460 (2017 census), which is the least populous of all the provinces of Mozambique. Xai-Xai is the capital of the province.

It borders Inhambane Province is to the east, Manica Province to the north, Maputo Province to the south, South Africa to the west, and Zimbabwe to the northwest.
Llantwit Major railway station
Llantwit Major railway station is a railway station serving the small town of Llantwit Major, South Wales. It is located on the Vale of Glamorgan Line, 18+1⁄4 miles (29.4 km) west of Cardiff Central towards Bridgend via Barry and Rhoose. The present station opened on 12 June 2005, when passenger services were restored on the section of line between Barry and Bridgend.

Passenger services are operated by Transport for Wales as part of the Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes network.

Bridgend railway station
Bridgend railway station (Welsh: Gorsaf Pen-y-bont) is a main line station serving the town of Bridgend, south Wales. It is located approximately halfway between Cardiff Central and Swansea stations, at the point where the Maesteg Line diverges from the South Wales Main Line; it is also the western terminus of the Vale of Glamorgan Line from Cardiff. It is 190 miles 45 chains (306.7 km) measured from the zero point at London Paddington, via Stroud.

It is the fifth-busiest station in Wales, after Cardiff Central, Newport, Swansea and Cardiff Queen Street.
Karla F.C. Holloway
Karla Francesca Holloway (née Clapp; September 29, 1949) is an American academic. She is James B. Duke Professor of English & Professor of Law at Duke University, and holds appointments in the Duke University School of Law as well as the university's Department of English, Department of African & African American Studies, and Program in Women's Studies. Holloway is a member of The Wintergreen Women Writers Collective

James B. Duke Professor
At Duke University, the title of James B. Duke Distinguished Professor is given to a small number of the faculty with extraordinary records of achievement. At some universities, titles like "distinguished professor", "institute professor", or "regents professor" are counterparts of this title. Two Nobel laureates (Robert Lefkowitz and Paul L. Modrich) served as James B. Duke Professors, and another, Ingrid Daubechies received the National Medal of Science.
Cardinal virtues
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them.

These virtues derive initially from Plato in Republic Book IV, 426-435. Aristotle expounded them systematically in the Nicomachean Ethics. They were also recognized by the Stoics and Cicero expanded on them. In the Christian tradition, they are also listed in the Deuterocanonical books in Wisdom 8:7 and 4 Maccabees 1:18–19, and the Doctors Ambrose, Augustine, and Aquinas expounded their supernatural counterparts, the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity.

Virtue
A virtue (Latin: virtus) is a trait of excellence, including traits that may be moral, social, or intellectual. The cultivation and refinement of virtue is held to be the "good of humanity" and thus is valued as an end purpose of life or a foundational principle of being. In human practical ethics, a virtue is a disposition to choose actions that succeed in showing high moral standards: doing what is said to be right and avoiding what is wrong in a given field of endeavour, even when doing so may be unnecessary from a utilitarian perspective. When someone takes pleasure in doing what is right, even when it is difficult or initially unpleasant, they can establish virtue as a habit. Such a person is said to be virtuous through having cultivated such a disposition. The opposite of virtue is vice.

Other examples of this notion include the concept of merit in Asian traditions as well as De (Chinese 德).
2006 NASCAR Busch Series
The 2006 NASCAR Busch Series opened on February 18, 2006, at Daytona International Speedway, and  concluded on November 18, 2006, at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Kevin Harvick, driving for his own team, Kevin Harvick, Inc., as well as for Richard Childress Racing, was declared champion.

This was the Final Season that Fox Sports/FX, TNT, and NBC covered the Busch Series. Starting in 2007, as part of a new TV contract with the television networks of The Walt Disney Company, ESPN2 televised the entire Busch season with select races on ABC.

Danny O'Quinn Jr.
Daniel O'Quinn Jr. (born May 7, 1985) is an American professional stock car racer from Coeburn, Virginia.  Now retired, he competed in the NASCAR Nationwide Series and was a winner of the Roush Racing: Driver X competition.
Harlequins Women
Harlequins Women, formerly known as Harlequins Ladies, are a women's rugby union club based in Guildford, Surrey, England and in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. They were founded in 1995 as the women's team of Harlequin F.C. and rebranded in 2017 after merging with Aylesford Bulls. In 2017, they were selected as one of the franchises for the new Premier 15s league, but they also cater for new, aspiring and social players within their 3rd XV squad.

Twickenham Stoop
Twickenham Stoop Stadium (informally referred to as The Stoop) is a stadium located in Twickenham, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. The stadium is located close to Twickenham Stadium, which is England's national rugby union stadium. The Stoop is home to the Harlequins in Premiership Rugby and has a capacity of 14,800.
West Coast Range
The West Coast Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.

The range lies to the west and north of the main parts of the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The range has had a significant number of  mines utilising the geologically rich zone of Mount Read Volcanics. A number of adjacent ranges lie to the east: the Engineer Range, the Raglan Range, the Eldon Range, and the Sticht Range but in most cases these are on a west–east alignment, while the West Coast Range runs in a north–south direction, following the Mount Read volcanic arc.

The range has encompassed multiple land uses including the catchment area for Hydro Tasmania dams, mines, transport routes and historical sites. Of the communities that have existed actually in the range itself, Gormanston is probably the last to remain.

Engineer Range
Engineer Range is a mountain range in Western Tasmania, Australia.

It is located to the south east of Lake Burbury and occurs in the western edge of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area which includes the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The range runs south east of the main line of the West Coast Range and runs between the Andrew River and Franklin River - south of Mount Fincham.

The nearest tracks or view points of the range have been the former Hydro Mount McCall track. Its lower sides adjacent to the rivers were historically locations for West Coast Piners to seek out stands of Huon Pine
Cook–Levin theorem
In computational complexity theory, the Cook–Levin theorem, also known as Cook's theorem, states that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete.  That is, it is in NP, and any problem in NP can be reduced in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine to the Boolean satisfiability problem.

The theorem is named after Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. The proof is due to Richard Karp, based on an earlier proof (using a different notion of reducibility) by Cook.

An important consequence of this theorem is that if there exists a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for solving Boolean satisfiability, then every NP problem can be solved by a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm.  The question of whether such an algorithm for Boolean satisfiability exists is thus equivalent to the P versus NP problem, which is still widely considered the most important unsolved problem in theoretical computer science.

Karp's 21 NP-complete problems
In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete. In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete (also called the Cook–Levin theorem) to show that there is a polynomial time many-one reduction from the Boolean satisfiability problem to each of 21 combinatorial and graph theoretical computational problems, thereby showing that they are all NP-complete. This was one of the first demonstrations that many natural computational problems occurring throughout computer science are computationally intractable, and it drove interest in the study of NP-completeness and the P versus NP problem.
Brownmillerite
Brownmillerite is a rare oxide mineral with chemical formula Ca2(Al,Fe)2O5. It is named for Lorrin Thomas Brownmiller (1902–1990), chief chemist of the Alpha Portland Cement Company, Easton, Pennsylvania.

Oxide mineral
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. Minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately.
852 Naval Air Squadron
852 Naval Air Squadron (852 NAS), also called 852 Squadron, is an inactive Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It operated both Grumman Avenger torpedo bomber and Grumman Wildcat fighter aircraft between 1943 and 1944.

It was established at Squantum, Massachusetts, in November 1943, as a Torpedo Bomber Reconnaissance with Grumman Avenger Mk.I. In February 1944, the squadron traveled across the USA to California, before embarking in HMS Nabob. After training and adding a flight of four Grumman Wildcat Mk V, the squadron re-embarked for anti-shipping missions and mine-laying off the coast of Norway. The carrier was hit by a torpedo but managed to return to Scapa Flow in August. 852 Naval Air Squadron then moved to HMS Trumpeter, where the fighter flight upgraded to Grumman Wildcat Mk VI, but the squadron was disbanded in October.

Naval Air Station Squantum
Naval Air Station Squantum was an active naval aviation facility during 1917 and from 1923 until 1953. The original civilian airfield that preceded it, the Harvard Aviation Field, dates back to 1910. The base was sited on Squantum Point in the city of Quincy, Massachusetts. It also abutted Dorchester Bay, Quincy Bay, and the Neponset River.
NGC 3532
NGC 3532 (Caldwell 91), also commonly known as the Pincushion Cluster, Football Cluster, the Black Arrow Cluster, or the Wishing Well Cluster, is an open cluster some 405 parsecs from Earth in the constellation Carina. Its population of approximately 150 stars of 7th magnitude or fainter includes seven red giants and seven white dwarfs. On 20 May 1990 it became the first target ever observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. A line from Beta Crucis through Delta Crucis passes somewhat to the north of NGC 3532. The cluster lies between the constellation Crux and the larger but fainter "False Cross" asterism. The 4th-magnitude Cepheid variable star x Carinae (V382 Car) appears near the southeast fringes, but it lies between the Sun and the cluster and is not a member of the cluster.

The cluster was first catalogued by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in  1752. It was admired by John Herschel, who thought it one of the finest star clusters in the sky, with many double stars (binary stars).

Carina (constellation)
Carina (/kəˈraɪnə, kəˈriːnə/ kə-RY-nə, -⁠REE-) is a constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for the keel of a ship, and it was the southern foundation of the larger constellation of Argo Navis (the ship Argo) until it was divided into three pieces, the other two being Puppis (the poop deck), and Vela (the sails of the ship).
Noma (restaurant)
Noma (/ˈnoʊ.mə/) is a three-Michelin-star restaurant and food innovation lab founded by chef René Redzepi and Claus Meyer in Copenhagen, Denmark. The name is a syllabic abbreviation of the two Danish words "nordisk" (Nordic) and "mad" (food). Opened in 2003, the restaurant is known for its focus on foraging, invention and interpretation of New Nordic Cuisine. In 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2021 it was ranked as the Best Restaurant in the World by Restaurant magazine.

In January 2023, Redzepi announced that Noma would transition away from traditional restaurant service, with its final regular dinner service taking place in Kyoto, Japan, in December 2024. Noma continues to operate as a food lab and through periodic pop-up residencies.

El Bulli
El Bulli (Catalan pronunciation: [əl ˈβuʎi]) was a restaurant near the town of Roses, Spain, run by chef Ferran Adrià, later joined by Albert Adrià, and renowned for its modernist cuisine. Established in 1964, the restaurant overlooked Cala Montjoi, a bay on the Costa Brava of Catalonia. El Bulli held three Michelin stars and was described as "the most imaginative generator of haute cuisine on the planet" in 2006. The restaurant closed 30 July 2011 and relaunched as El Bulli Foundation, a center for culinary creativity.