hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tussen Tunnel
The Tussen Tunnel (Norwegian: Tussentunnelen) is a 2,840-meter (9,320 ft) long road tunnel located on County Road 64 in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The tunnel goes through the mountain Tussen and connects Hustadvika Municipality (near the village of Malme) and Molde Municipality (just north of the town of Molde), and it cuts off about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the old road that goes through a valley around the mountain. The tunnel has 5,000 daily vehicles. The tunnel was scheduled to be paid off by 2013.

Norwegian County Road 64
County Road 64 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 64) is a 126.2-kilometre (78.4 mi) two-lane highway which runs between the towns of Kristiansund and Åndalsnes in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It branches from National Road 70 in Kristiansund, runs through the Atlantic Ocean Tunnel, across the island of Averøya, and across the Atlantic Ocean Road to Eide Municipality. It continues to Årø in Molde Municipality via the Tussen Tunnel, then heads under Fannefjorden in the Fannefjord Tunnel, across the island of Bolsøya then over the Bolsøy Bridge to the Skåla Peninsula. It then crosses Langfjorden on the Åfarnes–Sølsnes Ferry, and enters Rauma Municipality. It intersects with the European route E136 highway in the town of Åndalsnes.

The Atlantic Ocean Road was in 2006 described as "the world's best road trip" by The Guardian.  There are plans for a subsea tunnel, the Langfjord Tunnel, to replace the ferry.
Yang, Beijing
Yang Town (simplified Chinese: 杨镇; traditional Chinese: 楊鎮; pinyin: Yáng Zhèn) is a town located within Shunyi District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Mulin and Longwantun Towns to its north, Zhang Town to its east, Dasungezhuang and Beiwu Towns to its south, Beisui and Nancai Towns to its west, and Beixiaoying Town to its northwest. As of 2020, it had a population of 64,578.

The settlement here was used to be called Mazhuang (马庄), but with the reign of Wanli Emperor, it was changed to Yangzhen (Chinese: 杨镇; lit. 'Yang's Town') due to the increasing influence of Yang family within the area.

Shunyi, Beijing
Shunyi District (Chinese: 顺义区; pinyin: Shùnyì Qū) is a district of Beijing. Shunyi borders the Beijing districts of Pinggu to the east, Tongzhou to the south, Chaoyang to the southwest, Changping to the west, Huairou to the north, and Miyun to the northeast, as well as Hebei province to the southeast.

Shunyi has large communities of foreign expatriates.
Ruatoki North
Ruatoki North is a town in the eastern Bay of Plenty of New Zealand, just south of the small town of Tāneatua and approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the town of Whakatāne. The Whakatāne River runs northwards through the Ruatoki Valley and has formed broad alluvial flats. The main settlement of Ruatoki North is on the eastern side of the river.

The population of approximately 600 people are predominantly Māori of the Tūhoe iwi. The main economic activities in the Ruatoki Valley are dairy farming and cropping.

Te Wharekura o Ruatoki
Te Wharekura o Ruatoki is a rural school in the Māori settlement of Ruatoki in the Eastern Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand, serving children in years 1 through 13. It was established as Ruatoki Native School in 1896 after a visit by Richard Seddon and James Carroll. In 1978 it became New Zealand’s first officially bilingual school.
Montgomery County, Maryland
Montgomery County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 1,062,061, increasing by 9.3% from 2010. The county seat is Rockville, while its most populous place is Germantown. The county is adjoined to Washington, D.C., the nation's capital, and is part of the Washington metropolitan area and the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area. Most of the county's residents live in Silver Spring, Bethesda, Germantown, and the incorporated cities of Rockville and Gaithersburg.

The average household income in Montgomery County is the 20th-highest among U.S. counties as of 2020.

The county has the highest percentage (29.2%) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees. Like other counties in the Washington metropolitan area, the county has several U.S. government offices, scientific research and learning centers, and business campuses.

U.S. Route 29 in Maryland
U.S. Route 29 (US 29) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs for 1,043.3 miles (1,679.0 km) from Pensacola, Florida, to the western suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland. In the U.S. state of Maryland, US 29 is a major highway that emerges from Washington, D.C. and runs north into eastern Montgomery County, stretching over 25.86 miles (41.62 km) through the state and terminating at Maryland Route 99 (MD 99) outside of Ellicott City.  It serves the cities of Columbia and Ellicott City and provides the westernmost north–south route between Washington, D.C. and Baltimore.

US 29 in Maryland was a late addition to the U.S. Numbered Highway System fabricated in 1926, beginning along a corridor once known as MD 27.  Since its redesignation, it has been realigned and upgraded many times, now containing freeway and expressway sections.
Liu Pi, Prince of Wu
Liu Pi (simplified Chinese: 刘濞; traditional Chinese: 劉濞; pinyin: Liú Pì; 215–154 BC) was a nephew of Emperor Gaozu of Han, being a son of Liu Xi, Prince Qing of Dai, and appointed Prince of Wu by Emperor Gao.  During the reign of Emperor Jing, he initiated the Rebellion of the Seven States to resist the Emperor's centralizing policies, during which he was defeated and killed.

Liu Zhong
Liu Xi (died 193 BC), better known by his courtesy name Liu Zhong, posthumously known as Prince Qing of Dai (代顷王), was an elder brother of Emperor Gaozu, founder of China's Han dynasty. He served as marquess of Hexin, king or prince of Dai, and marquess of Heyang.
Eduard Glaser
Eduard Glaser (15 March 1855 – 7 May 1908) was an Austrian Arabist and archaeologist. He was one of the first Europeans to explore South Arabia. He collected thousands of inscriptions in Yemen that are today held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.

Of the travellers to the Orient in the 19th century, Eduard Glaser is considered the most important scholar to have studied Yemen. He contributed to the advancement of historical and cultural research, revealed its ancient history and documented its written and oral traditions. Yemen fascinated him, incited his imagination, beginning with his first visit to the country (1882-1884). He returned there on three other occasions (1885-1886, 1887-1888, and 1892-1894). In Yemen, Glaser disguised himself as a Muslim with the assumed name of Faqih Hussein bin Abdallah el Biraki Essajah, meaning, "the scholar Hussein bin Abdallah from Prague".

Sabaic
Sabaic, sometimes referred to as Sabaean, was a Sayhadic language that was spoken between c. 1000 BC and the 6th century AD by the Sabaeans. It was used as a written language by some other peoples of the ancient civilization of South Arabia, including the Ḥimyarites, Ḥashidites, Ṣirwāḥites, Humlanites, Ghaymānites, and Radmānites. Sabaic belongs to the South Arabian Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Sabaic is distinguished from the other members of the Sayhadic group by its use of h to mark the third person and as a causative prefix; all of the other languages use s1 in those cases. Therefore, Sabaic is called an h-language and the others s-languages. Numerous other Sabaic inscriptions have also been found dating back to the Sabean colonization of Africa.

Sabaic is very similar to Arabic and the languages may have been mutually intelligible.
Overcompleteness
Overcompleteness is a concept from linear algebra that is widely used in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and statistics (usually in the form of overcomplete  frames). It was introduced by R. J. Duffin and A. C. Schaeffer in 1952.

Formally, a subset of the vectors  of a Banach space , sometimes called a "system", is complete if every element in  can be approximated arbitrarily well in norm by finite linear combinations of elements in . A system is called overcomplete if it contains more vectors than necessary to be complete, i.e., there exist  that can be removed from the system such that  remains complete. In research areas such as signal processing and function approximation, overcompleteness can help researchers to achieve a more stable, more robust, or more compact decomposition than using a basis.

Frame (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, a frame of an inner product space is a generalization of a basis of a vector space to sets that may be linearly dependent. In the terminology of signal processing, a frame provides a redundant, stable way of representing a signal. Frames are used in error detection and correction and the design and analysis of filter banks and more generally in applied mathematics, computer science, and engineering.
Sandworm (hacker group)
Sandworm is an advanced persistent threat operated by MUN 74455, a cyberwarfare unit of the GRU, Russia's military intelligence service. Other names for the group, given by cybersecurity researchers, include APT44, Telebots, Voodoo Bear, IRIDIUM, Seashell Blizzard, and Iron Viking.

The team is believed to be behind the December 2015 Ukraine power grid cyberattack, the 2017 cyberattacks on Ukraine using the NotPetya malware, various interference efforts in the 2017 French presidential election, and the cyberattack on the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. Then-United States Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania Scott Brady described the group's cyber campaign as "representing the most destructive and costly cyber-attacks in history."

Industroyer
Industroyer (also referred to as Crashoverride) is a malware framework considered to have been used in the cyberattack on Ukraine's power grid on 17 December 2016.
The attack cut a fifth of Kyiv, the capital, off power for one hour and is considered to have been a large-scale test. The Kyiv incident was the second cyberattack on Ukraine's power grid in two years. The first attack occurred on 23 December 2015. Industroyer is the first ever known malware specifically designed to attack electrical grids.
At the same time, it is the fourth malware publicly revealed to target industrial control systems, after Stuxnet, Havex, and BlackEnergy.
Calexico Mission School
Calexico Mission Academy is a school under the control of the Southeastern California Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. It is located in Calexico, California, United States, and has just approximately 300 students in the K–12 levels, most of whom are from the neighbouring city of Mexicali, Mexico.

Calexico, California
Calexico (/kəˈlɛksɪkoʊ/) is a city in southern Imperial County, California. As of the 2020 census, Calexico had a population of 38,633. Situated on the Mexican border, it is linked economically with the much larger city of Mexicali, the capital of the Mexican state of Baja California. It is about 122 miles (196 km) east of San Diego and 62 miles (100 km) west of Yuma, Arizona. Calexico, along with six other incorporated Imperial County cities, forms part of the larger populated area known as the Imperial Valley. First explored by Europeans in the 18th century, Calexico began as a small tent community which was ultimately incorporated in 1908.
Alison Richard
Dame Alison Fettes Richard, DBE, DL (born 1 March 1948) is an English anthropologist, conservationist and university administrator. She was the 344th Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, the third Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge since the post became full-time, and the second woman. Before arriving at Cambridge, she served as the provost of Yale University from 1994 to 2002.

Peabody Museum of Natural History
The Yale Peabody Museum at Yale University (also known as the Peabody Museum of Natural History or the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History) is one of the oldest, largest, and most prolific university natural history museums in the world. It was founded by the philanthropist George Peabody in 1866 at the behest of his nephew Othniel Charles Marsh, an early paleontologist. The museum is best known for the Great Hall of Dinosaurs, which includes a mounted juvenile Brontosaurus and the 110-foot-long (34 m) mural The Age of Reptiles. The museum also has permanent exhibits dedicated to human and mammal evolution; wildlife dioramas; Egyptian artifacts; local birds and minerals; and Native Americans of Connecticut.

In 2020, the Peabody Museum closed for its "first comprehensive renovation in 90 years." It reopened, with more than twice the exhibition space, on March 26, 2024.
Kawhia Harbour
Kawhia Harbour (Māori: Kāwhia) is one of three large natural inlets in the Tasman Sea coast of the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It is located to the south of Raglan Harbour, Ruapuke and Aotea Harbour, 40 kilometres southwest of Hamilton. Kawhia is part of the Ōtorohanga District and is in the King Country. It has a high-tide area of 68 km2 (26 sq mi) and a low-tide area of 18 km2 (6.9 sq mi). Te Motu Island is located in the harbour.

The settlement of Kawhia is located on the northern coast of the inlet, and was an important port in early colonial New Zealand. The area of Kawhia comprises 16 to 20 hectares (40 to 50 acres) and is the town block that was owned by the New Zealand Government. The government bought it from the Europeans in 1880 "not from the original Māori owners, but from a European who claimed ownership in payment of money owed by another European".

Waikato Tainui
Waikato Tainui, Waikato or Tainui is a group of Māori iwi based in the Waikato Region, in the western central region of New Zealand's North Island. It is part of the larger Tainui confederation of Polynesian settlers who arrived to New Zealand on the Tainui waka (migration canoe). The tribe is named after the Waikato River, which plays a large part in its history and culture.

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first Māori king, was a member of the Ngāti Mahuta hapu (sub-tribe) of Waikato iwi, and his descendants have succeeded him. The king movement is based at Tūrangawaewae marae (meeting place) in Ngāruawāhia.

The Waikato-Tainui iwi comprises 33 hapū (sub-tribes) and 68 marae (family groupings), with a population of over 80,000 tribal members who affiliate to it. In the 2023 New Zealand census, 47,664 people gave Waikato as an affiliation. Hamilton City is now the tribe's largest population centre, but Ngāruawāhia remains its historical centre and modern capital.
Weyburn
Weyburn is the tenth-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. The city has a population of 11,019. It is on the Souris River 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Regina and is  70 kilometres (43 mi) north from the North Dakota border in the United States. The name is reputedly a corruption of the Scottish "wee burn," referring to a small creek. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67.

Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67
The Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67 (2016 population: 1,064) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 2 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.
Gideon Gartner
Gideon Isaiah Gartner (Hebrew: גדעון גרטנר; March 13, 1935 – December 12, 2020) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He was often referred to as the father of the modern analyst industry. He is best known as the founder of Gartner, Inc. (formerly Gartner Group Inc.) a Stamford, Connecticut, information technology (IT) research and advisory company.

IT History Society
The IT History Society (ITHS) is an organization that supports the history and scholarship of information technology by encouraging, fostering, and facilitating archival and historical research. Formerly known as the Charles Babbage Foundation, it advises historians, promotes collaboration among academic organizations and museums, and assists IT corporations in preparing and archiving their histories for future studies.
Arbosana
The Arbosana is an olive cultivar from Spain. Typically used for olive oil production, Arbosana thrives in super-high density growing systems. In 2009, a study by UC Davis found that 16% of super-high density olive groves (1,687 acres) in California were Arbosana, and that along with Arbequina and Koroneiki, Arbosana olives were among the most common in the state.

Koroneiki
The Koroneiki (Greek: Κορωνέικη) is an olive cultivar from Greece primarily used in olive oil production. After the Arbequina and Arbosana, Koroneiki olives are among the most common and suitable for high density growing systems around the world. The most common variety for oil production, Koroneiki olives cover 50-60% of the acreage in Greece. Koroneiki fruits are small, but have a high quality oil yield.
Maxwell Street
Maxwell Street is an east–west street in Chicago, Illinois, that intersects with Halsted Street just south of Roosevelt Road. It runs at 1330 South in the numbering system running from 500 West to 1126 West. The Maxwell Street neighborhood is considered part of the Near West Side and is one of the city's oldest residential districts. It is the location of the celebrated Maxwell Street Market and the birthplace of Chicago blues and the "Maxwell Street Polish", a sausage sandwich. A large portion of the area is part of the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and a private housing development sponsored by the university.

Roosevelt Road
Roosevelt Road (originally named 12th Street) is a major east-west street in the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its western suburbs. It is 1200 South in the city's street numbering system, but only 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Madison Street. It runs under this name from Columbus Drive at the southern end of Grant Park to the western city limits, then continues through the western suburbs including Lombard, Wheaton and, West Chicago until it reaches Geneva, where it is known as State Street.
French Office in Taipei
The French Office in Taipei (Chinese: 法國在台協會; pinyin: Fàguó Zài Tái Xiéhuì; French: Bureau français de Taipei, BFT) represents France's interests in Taiwan in the absence of formal diplomatic relations, functioning as a de facto embassy. Its counterpart in France is the Taipei Representative Office in France, based in Paris.

Taipei Representative Office in France
The Taipei Representative Office in France; (Chinese: 駐法國台北代表處; pinyin: Zhù Fàguó Táiběi Dàibiǎo Chù, French: Bureau de représentation de Taipei en France) represents the interests of Taiwan in   France in the absence of formal diplomatic relations, functioning as a de facto embassy. Its counterpart in Taiwan is the French Office in Taipei.
Cornelius Castoriadis
Cornelius Castoriadis (Greek: Κορνήλιος Καστοριάδης; 11 March 1922 – 26 December 1997) was a Greek-French philosopher, sociologist, social critic, economist, psychoanalyst, author of The Imaginary Institution of Society, and co-founder of the Socialisme ou Barbarie collective.

His writings on autonomy and social institutions have been influential in both academic and activist circles.

Edgar Morin
Edgar Morin (/mɔːˈræn/; French: [ɛdɡaʁ mɔʁɛ̃]; né Nahoum; born 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist of the theory of information who has been recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" (pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributions to such diverse fields as media studies, politics, sociology, visual anthropology, ecology, education, and systems biology. He holds two bachelors, one in history and geography and one in law, and never did a Ph.D. Though less well known in the anglophone world due to the limited availability of English translations of his over 60 books, Morin is renowned in the French-speaking world, Europe, and Latin America.

During his academic career, he was primarily associated with the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) in Paris.
Rüdiger
Rüdiger (English Ruediger, Rudiger, Roger) is a German given name. The meaning comes from Old High German: hruod (fame) and ger (spear). The name became popular because of the character Rüdiger von Bechelaren from Nibelung.

Roger
Roger  is a masculine given name and a surname. The given name is derived from the Old French personal names Roger and Rogier. These names are of Germanic origin, derived from the elements hrōd, χrōþi ("fame", "renown", "honour") and gār, gēr ("spear", "lance") (Hrōþigēraz). The name was introduced into England by the Normans. In Normandy, the Frankish name had been reinforced by the Old Norse cognate Hróðgeirr. The name introduced into England replaced the Old English cognate Hroðgar. Roger became a very common given name during the Middle Ages. A variant form of the given name Roger that is closer to the name's origin is Rodger.
Pokerekere Islet
Pokerekere Islet, also known as Pokerere or Tautua, is an islet in Penrhyn Atoll (Tongareva) in the Cook Islands. It is located on the eastern edge of the atoll, between Kavea and Tuirai.

The village Te Tautua is situated on Pokerekere. The village church is built on the site of the old marae, Papaki-reia.

Penrhyn atoll
Penrhyn (also called Tongareva, Māngarongaro, Hararanga, and Te Pitaka) is an atoll in the northern group of the Cook Islands in the south Pacific Ocean. The northernmost island in the group, it is located at 1,365 km (848 mi) north-north-east of the capital island of Rarotonga, 9 degrees south of the equator. Its nearest neighbours are Rakahanga and Manihiki, approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) to the southwest. Once one of the most heavily populated atolls, it was almost completely depopulated by Peruvian slavers in 1864.
Sign value
In sociology and in economics, the term sign value denotes and describes the value accorded to an object because of the prestige (social status) that it imparts upon the possessor, rather than the material value and utility derived from the function and the primary use of the object. For example, the buyer of a Rolls-Royce limousine might partly value the automobile as transport, yet might also value it as a sign that signifies his or her wealth to a particular community and to society in general. The automobile's transport-function is primary, from which arises its use-value, whilst the social prestige function is secondary, from which arises its sign-value.

The French sociologist Jean Baudrillard proposed the theory of sign value as a philosophic and economic counterpart to the dichotomy of exchange-value vs. use-value, which Karl Marx recognized as a characteristic of capitalism as an economic system.

Jean Baudrillard
Jean Baudrillard (UK: /ˈboʊdrɪjɑːr/, US: /ˌboʊdriˈɑːr/; French: [ʒɑ̃ bodʁijaʁ]; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist and philosopher with an interest in cultural studies. He is best known for his analyses of media, contemporary culture, and technological communication, as well as his formulation of concepts such as hyperreality. Baudrillard wrote about diverse subjects, including consumerism, critique of economy, social history, aesthetics, Western foreign policy, and popular culture. Among his best-known works are Forget Foucault (1977),  Seduction (1978), Simulacra and Simulation (1981), America (1986), and The Gulf War Did Not Take Place (1991). His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and specifically post-structuralism. Nevertheless, Baudrillard had also opposed post-structuralism, and had distanced himself from postmodernism.