hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Former Queen Elizabeth Old Grammar School
The Former Queen Elizabeth Old Grammar School and its adjoining schoolmaster's house are Grade II* listed buildings dating from the late 16th and early 19th centuries, on Boarshaw Road in Middleton, a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, these buildings are significant examples of Tudor educational and architectural heritage in North West England and form part of Middleton's "Golden Cluster" of heritage sites.

The original grammar school building, sold in 1909 after its closure, was later repurposed for community use. Following restoration in 1997 and an acquisition by Rochdale Council in 2024 to protect its heritage, it now functions as a heritage and events venue.

St Leonard's Church, Middleton
St Leonard's is a Church of England parish church in Middleton, a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade I listed building and form part of Middleton's "Golden Cluster" of heritage sites.
Witten conjecture
In algebraic geometry, the Witten conjecture is a conjecture about intersection numbers of stable classes on the moduli space of curves, introduced by Edward Witten in the paper Witten (1991), and generalized in Witten (1993). 
Witten's original conjecture was proved by Maxim Kontsevich in the paper Kontsevich (1992).

Witten's motivation for the conjecture was that two different models of 2-dimensional quantum gravity should have the same partition function. The partition function for one of these models can be described in terms of intersection numbers on the moduli stack of algebraic curves, and the partition function for the other is the logarithm of the τ-function of the KdV hierarchy. Identifying these partition functions gives Witten's conjecture that a certain generating function formed from intersection numbers should satisfy the differential equations of the KdV hierarchy.

Moduli of algebraic curves
In algebraic geometry, a moduli space of (algebraic) curves  is a geometric space (typically a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent isomorphism classes of algebraic curves.  It is thus a special case of a moduli space. Depending on the restrictions applied to the classes of algebraic curves considered, the corresponding moduli problem and the moduli space is different. One also distinguishes between  fine and coarse moduli spaces for the same moduli problem.

The most basic problem is that of moduli of smooth complete curves of a fixed genus. Over the field of complex numbers these correspond precisely to compact Riemann surfaces of the given genus, for which Bernhard Riemann proved the first results about moduli spaces, in particular their dimensions ("number of parameters on which the complex structure depends").
Heavenly Stems
The ten Heavenly Stems (or Celestial Stems) are a system of ordinals indigenous to China and used throughout East Asia, first attested c. 1250 BCE during the Shang dynasty as the names of the ten days of the week. They were also used in Shang-era rituals in the names of dead family members, who were offered sacrifices on the corresponding day of the Shang week. Stems are no longer used as names for the days of the week, but have acquired many other uses. Most prominently, they have been used in conjunction with the associated set of twelve Earthly Branches in the compound sexagenary cycle, an important feature of historical Chinese calendars.

Organic nomenclature in Chinese
The Chinese Chemical Society (CCS; simplified Chinese: 中国化学会; traditional Chinese: 中國化學會) lays out a set of rules based on those given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for the purpose of systematic organic nomenclature in Chinese. The chemical names derived from these rules are meant to correspond with the English IUPAC name in a manner that is close to one-to-one, while being adapted to and taking advantage of the logographic nature of the Chinese written language. A standard set of characters invented during the 20th century, along with characters for the chemical elements and characters corresponding to standard chemical prefixes and suffixes, are used for this purpose.
Ossana
Ossana is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 786 and an area of 25.2 square kilometres (9.7 mi2).

The municipality of Ossana contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Ossana, Cusiano and Fucine. Ossana borders the following municipalities: Peio, Vermiglio, Pellizzano, Pinzolo and Carisolo. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Vermiglio
Vermiglio (local dialect: Verméi) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Trento in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of the city of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,884 and an area of 103.7 square kilometres (40.0 mi2).

The municipality of Vermiglio contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Pizzano, Fraviano, Cortina, Borgonuovo, Stavel, Velon and Passo del Tonale.

Vermiglio borders the following municipalities: Peio, Ponte di Legno, Ossana, Pellizzano, Giustino, Spiazzo, Strembo and Carisolo.
Dalarnas Tidningar
Dalarnas Tidningar (DT) is a Swedish media company formed in 1987 through the merger of Falu-Kuriren AB and Dalarnes Tidnings & Boktryckeri AB (DTBAB). Prior to the merger, Falu-Kuriren operated the independent liberal newspaper Falu Kuriren and DTBAB owned the apolitical newspapers Borlänge Tidning, Nya Ludvika Tidning, Mora Tidning, and Södra Dalarnes Tidning. The political leanings of the newspapers were maintained after the merger and through to the current day.

The newspapers of DT cover different parts of Dalarna County (Swedish: Dalarnas län), which has a population around 285,000 (2017), and had a combined circulation of 65,000 copies in 2005. Dalarnas Tidningar's primary competitor is the social-democratic Dala-Demokraten, which had 18,600 subscribers in 2007, according to Tidningsstatistik AB.

Dalarnas Tidningar was acquired by Mittmedia in 2007, which was later taken over by the Bonnier Group in 2019.

Nya Ludvika Tidning
Nya Ludvika Tidning is a local Swedish daily newspaper with distribution in Ludvika and Smedjebacken municipalities. The product of a merger between two other local newspapers published since 1892 and 1910, it was first published on 1 October 1993. The paper is published in tabloid format.

In February 2002, it was purchased by Dalarnas Tidningar.

The paper had a circulation of 9,100 copies in 2005 according to Tidningsstatistik AB.
Shanghai Women's Prison
Shanghai Women's Prison (Chinese: 上海市女子监狱), also called Songjiang Women's Prison, is a women's prison in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. It is a part of the Shanghai Prison Administrative Bureau.

It has over 1,000 prisoners and is the only such correctional facility for women in the direct-controlled municipality. Its prisoners had committed murder, embezzlement, theft, fraud, assault, drug offenses, and other crimes.

The prison has a mother and daughter program for young women who are incarcerated. This program began in 2014.

A fire occurred in 2013.

Songjiang, Shanghai
Songjiang is a suburban district (formerly a county) of Shanghai. It has a land area of 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) and a population of 1,909,713 (2020). Owing to a long history, Songjiang is known as the cultural root of Shanghai.

Songjiang Town, the urban center of the district, was formerly the major city in the area. It is now connected to downtown Shanghai by Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro.
PRIME (power-line communication)
PRIME (an acronym for "powerline intelligent metering evolution") is a specification for narrow band powerline communication published by the PRIME Alliance consortium. Powerline communication uses power lines as transmission media.

PRIME was conceived in 2007.
First publications date back to 2008. In 2009 multi-vendor interoperability
was demonstrated and the PRIME Alliance launched. The PRIME Alliance has
interoperability tests in place, which are carried out by multiple accredited test laboratories. Currently, the tests have been passed by over 40 products.

The primary usage of PRIME is in advanced metering infrastructure. According to the PRIME
Alliance, more than 5 million meters in 9 countries are deployed.

Smart meter
A smart meter is an electronic device that records information—such as consumption of electric energy, voltage levels, current, and power factor—and  communicates the information to the consumer and electricity suppliers. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading (AMR) in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier.
Angarogyrus
Angarogyrus is an extinct genus of fossil beetles in the family Gyrinidae, containing the following species:

Angarogyrus minimus Ponomarenko, 1977 Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Early Jurassic (Toarcian)

Angarogyrus mongolicus Ponomarenko, 1986 Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Whirligig beetle
The whirligig beetles are water beetles, comprising the family Gyrinidae, that usually swim on the surface of the water if undisturbed, though they swim underwater when threatened. They get their common name from their habit of swimming rapidly in circles when alarmed, and are also notable for their divided eyes which are believed to enable them to see both above and below water. The family includes some 700 extant species worldwide, in 15 genera, plus a few fossil species. Most species are very similar in general appearance, though they vary in size from perhaps 3 mm to 18 mm in length. They tend to be flattened and rounded in cross section, in plain view as seen from above, and in longitudinal section. In fact their shape is a good first approximation to an ellipsoid, with legs and other appendages fitting closely into a streamlined surface. Whirligig beetles belong to the beetle suborder Adephaga, which also includes ground beetles and diving beetles.
Freeport, Maine
Freeport is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. Freeport is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England City and town area. The population was 8,737 at the 2020 census. Once home to a prominent shipbuilding industry, timber operations, and farming, it is now known for its numerous outlet stores; Freeport is home to L.L. Bean, Wolfe's Neck Woods State Park, and the Desert of Maine.

Freeport is part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area. The Harraseeket Historic District is in Freeport.

Cumberland County, Maine
Cumberland County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 303,069, making it the most populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Portland. Cumberland County was founded in 1760 from a portion of York County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, and named for William, Duke of Cumberland, a son of King George II. Cumberland County has the deepest and second-largest body of water in the state, Sebago Lake, which supplies tap water to most of the county. The county is the state's economic and industrial center, having the resources of the Port of Portland, the Maine Mall, and having corporate headquarters of major companies such as onsemi, IDEXX Laboratories, Unum, and TD Bank. Cumberland County is part of the Portland–South Portland, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Orlingbury
Orlingbury is a village and civil parish in the English county of Northamptonshire. It is between the towns of Kettering and Wellingborough. Administratively it forms part of North Northamptonshire but was in the borough of Wellingborough until 2021. At the time of the 2011 census, the parish's population was 439 people.

The villages name origin is uncertain. 'Grove', 'woodland swine-pasture', 'hill' or 'fortification' connected with Ordla'. The hundred takes its name from Orlingbury. The site of the meeting-place is unknown. The west part of Orlingbury hundred was Mawsley hundred.

Borough of Wellingborough
England portal

The Borough of Wellingborough was a non-metropolitan district and borough in Northamptonshire, England, from 1974 to 2021. It was named after Wellingborough, its main town, but also included surrounding rural areas.

The local council preferred to call itself the "Borough Council of Wellingborough" rather than the more usual form "Wellingborough Borough Council".

The borough covered almost the same area as the Wellingborough constituency. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, by a merger of the borough of Wellingborough with Wellingborough Rural District.

The borough bordered the districts of South Northamptonshire, Northampton, Kettering, Daventry and East Northamptonshire, as well as Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, and Bedford in Bedfordshire.
Yan Emperor
The Yan Emperor (Chinese: 炎帝; pinyin: Yán Dì) or the Flame Emperor was a legendary ancient Chinese emperor in pre-dynastic times.  Some modern Chinese scholars have identified the Sheep's Head Mountains (Yángtóu Shān) in Weibin District, Baoji as his homeland and territory.

A long debate has existed over whether or not the Yan Emperor was the same person as the legendary Shennong.  An academic conference held in China in 2004 achieved general consensus that the Yan Emperor and Shennong were the same person.  Another possibility is that the term "Yan Emperor" or "Flame Emperor" was a title, held by dynastic succession of tribal lords, with Shennong being known as Yandi perhaps posthumously.  Accordingly, the term "Yan Emperors" or "Flame Emperors" would be generally more correct.  The succession of these Yan or Flame emperors, from Shennong, the first Yan Emperor, until the time of the last Yan Emperor's defeat by the Yellow Emperor, may have been some 500 years.

Yan Huang Zisun
Yan Huang Zisun (Chinese: 炎黃子孫; lit. 'Descendants of Yan[di] and Huang[di]') is a term that represents the Chinese people and denotes an ethnocultural identity rooted in a shared ancestry linked to mythological origins.

This term refers to Yandi (炎帝) and Huangdi (黃帝), two legendary figures regarded as the ancestral founders of the Huaxia people, who are themselves considered the progenitors of the Han people. More specifically, the expression primarily applies to the Han ethnic group, as it does not include groups that do not trace their lineage to these legendary ancestors.
Northern Administrative Okrug
the Northern Administrative Okrug (Russian: Се́верный администрати́вный о́круг, romanized: Severny administrativny okrug), or Severny Administrative Okrug, is one of the twelve high-level territorial divisions (administrative okrugs) of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,100,974, down from 1,112,846 recorded during the 2002 Census.

Administrative divisions of Moscow
Central Administrative Okrug

Northern Administrative Okrug

North-Eastern Administrative Okrug

Eastern Administrative Okrug

South-Eastern Administrative Okrug

Southern Administrative Okrug

South-Western Administrative Okrug

Western Administrative Okrug

North-Western Administrative Okrug

Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug

Novomoskovsky Administrative Okrug

Troitsky Administrative Okrug

The federal city of Moscow, Russia is divided into administrative districts called administrative okrugs, which are a subdivision of state administration. They are further divided into municipal formations called districts (raions) and settlements (poseleniy), which are local self-government entities.
USIA Distinguished Honor Award
The Distinguished Honor Award is an award of the United States Information Agency, an independent agency charged with public diplomacy which has since been merged into the Department of State.  Similar versions of the same award exist for the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of State, and the former Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.  This award has been replaced with the State Department's Distinguished Honor Award.  This award was presented to groups or individuals in recognition of exceptionally outstanding service or achievements of marked national or international significance.

The award consists of a certificate signed by an assistant secretary, an official of equivalent rank or the USIA Director.

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
Job for a Cowboy
Job for a Cowboy is an American death metal band from Glendale, Arizona. Formed in 2003, the band's debut album Genesis was released in 2007, peaking at No. 54 on the US Billboard 200 and selling 13,000 copies in its first week of release. The second album, 2009's Ruination, sold 10,600 copies in the United States in its first week to debut at position No. 42 on the Billboard 200 chart. The band comprises vocalist Jonny Davy, guitarists Tony Sannicandro and Al Glassman and bassist Nick Schendzielos. Davy is the only remaining founding member.

The band has played in international music festivals, including Sounds of the Underground, Download Festival, Mayhem Festival, Summer Slaughter, Graspop Metal Meeting, and Wacken Open Air.

Loudwire designated Job for a Cowboy as being among deathcore's "Big Four", along with Whitechapel, Thy Art is Murder and Suicide Silence.

Gigantour
Gigantour was a sporadically organized traveling heavy metal music festival organized by Dave Mustaine of Megadeth. The tour was founded in 2005 with dates across North America (see also Gigantour 2005), and the 2006 and 2007 line-ups also traveled to Australia. The bands appearing at the festival were chosen by Mustaine. The tour was an alternative to tours such as Ozzfest. The name "Gigantour" was inspired by the classic 1960s anime Gigantor, of which Mustaine is a fan. The last Gigantour took place in 2013.
Euthymius of Tarnovo
Saint Euthymius of Tarnovo (also Evtimiy; Bulgarian: Свети Евтимий Търновски, romanized: Sveti Evtimiy Tarnovski; c. 1325 – c. 1402/1404) was Patriarch of Bulgaria between 1375 and 1393. Regarded as one of the most important figures of medieval Bulgaria, Euthymius was the last head of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the Second Bulgarian Empire. Arguably the best esteemed of all Bulgarian patriarchs, Euthymius was a supporter of hesychasm and an authoritative figure in the Eastern Orthodox world of the time.

Patriarch of All Bulgaria
The Patriarch of All Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Патриарх Български) is the patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The patriarch is officially styled as Patriarch of All Bulgaria and Metropolitan of Sofia. The current patriarch Daniil acceded to this position on 30 June 2024.
Clausura 2019 Copa MX
The Clausura 2019 Copa MX was the 81st staging of the Copa MX, the 53rd staging in the professional era and is the fourteenth tournament played since the 2012 return of the competition, following its hiatus after the 1996–97 edition.

The tournament started on 8 January 2019 and ended on 10 April 2019.

The final was held at Estadio Olímpico Benito Juárez in Ciudad Juárez with the visiting team América defeating Juárez 0–1 to win their record sixth title.

As winners, América earned the right to face Cruz Azul in the 2019 Supercopa MX. However, they also won the Apertura 2018 Liga MX, and thus qualified for the 2019 Campeón de Campeones. They were replaced by the Supercopa MX title holders, Necaxa.

Supercopa MX
Supercopa MX was a professional association football competition in Mexico and a domestic Super cup between the Copa MX champions of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, the two champions of each season until 2019. Initially played in a two-legged and later with a single final match.

The inaugural edition was held in 2014, with Monarcas Morelia as the first champions in history. The final edition was held in 2019, with Cruz Azul as the last champions. In all, six editions of the trophy were held.

In 2013, Liga MX president Decio De María announced the two Copa MX champions of the year would face each other for the Supercopa MX, with the winners qualifying for the Copa Libertadores as Mexico-3.

Monarcas Morelia, Necaxa, Puebla, Guadalajara, Querétaro and Cruz Azul were the most successful clubs with one title each. In all, only those six clubs won the trophy.
Bjørnsund Lighthouse
Bjørnsund Lighthouse (Norwegian: Bjørnsund fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Hustadvika Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The lighthouse is located on the small island of Moøya in the Bjørnsund islands, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the village of Bud on the mainland.

Hustadvika Municipality
Hustadvika is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Nordmøre and Romsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Elnesvågen. Other villages in the municipality include Hustad, Bud, Tornes, Sylte, Malme, Aureosen, Eide, Lyngstad, Vevang, and Visnes.

The 522-square-kilometre (202 sq mi) municipality is the 202nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hustadvika Municipality is the 92nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 13,437. The municipality's population density is 25.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (67/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Hired armed cutter Courier
His Majesty's hired armed cutter Courier appears twice in the records of the British Royal Navy. The size and armament suggests that both contracts could represent the same vessel, but other information indicates that the second Courier had been captured from the French in the West Indies. On the first contract the captain and crew were awarded clasps to the Naval General Service Medal, one for a boat action and one for a single ship action in which they distinguished themselves.

Hired armed vessels
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the Royal Navy made use of a large number of hired armed vessels. These were generally smaller vessels, often cutters and luggers, that the Royal Navy used for duties ranging from carrying despatches and passengers to convoy escort, particularly in British coastal waters, and reconnaissance.
Orthophoria
Orthophoria is a condition of binocular fixation in which the lines of vision meet at the object toward which they are directed, and is considered as a normal condition of balance of the ocular muscles of the two eyes. The condition opposite of orthophoria is heterophoria.

Binocular vision
Within the science of vision, binocular vision focuses on the question of how humans and animals perceive the world with two eyes instead of one. Two main areas are distinguished: directional vision and depth perception (stereopsis). In addition, both eyes can positively or negatively influence each other's vision through binocular interaction.

In medical science, binocular vision refers to binocular vision disorders and tests and exercises to improve binocular vision. In biology, binocular vision refers to the fact that the placement of the eyes affects the capabilities of depth perception and directional vision in animals. In society, binocular vision refers to applications for seeing stereoscopic images and aids for binocular vision.