hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Strong orientation
In graph theory, a strong orientation of an undirected graph is an assignment of a direction to each edge (an orientation) that makes it into a strongly connected graph.

Strong orientations have been applied to the design of one-way road networks. According to Robbins' theorem, the graphs with strong orientations are exactly the bridgeless graphs, or equivalently, graphs in which each connected component is 2-edge-connected. Eulerian orientations and well-balanced orientations provide important special cases of strong orientations; in turn, strong orientations may be generalized to totally cyclic orientations of disconnected graphs. The set of strong orientations of a graph forms a partial cube, with adjacent orientations in this structure differing in the orientation of a single edge. It is possible to find a single orientation in linear time, but it is #P-complete to count the number of strong orientations of a given graph.

Bridge (graph theory)
In graph theory, a bridge, isthmus, cut-edge, or cut arc is an edge of a graph whose deletion increases the graph's number of connected components. Equivalently, an edge is a bridge if and only if it is not contained in any cycle. For a connected graph, a bridge can uniquely determine a cut. A graph is said to be bridgeless or isthmus-free if it contains no bridges.

This type of bridge should be distinguished from an unrelated meaning of "bridge" in graph theory, a subgraph separated from the rest of the graph by a specified subset of vertices; see bridge in the Glossary of graph theory.
Diomedes
Diomedes (/ˌdaɪəˈmiːdiːz/ ⓘ) or Diomede (/ˈdaɪəmiːd/; Ancient Greek: Διομήδης, romanized: Diomēdēs, lit. 'god-like cunning" or "advised by Zeus') is a hero in Greek mythology, known for his participation in the Trojan War.

He was born to Tydeus and Deipyle and later became King of Argos, succeeding his maternal grandfather, Adrastus. In Homer's Iliad Diomedes is regarded alongside Ajax the Great and Agamemnon, after Achilles, as one of the best warriors of all the Achaeans in prowess. After the Trojan War he is said to have founded ten or more Italian cities and, after his death, was worshiped as a divine being in both Italy and Greece.

Palagruža
Palagruža (pronounced [palǎɡruːʒa]; Italian: Pelagosa) is a small Croatian archipelago in the middle of the Adriatic Sea. It is uninhabited, except by lighthouse staff and occasional summer tourists. Palagruža can be reached only by a chartered motorboat, requiring a journey of several hours from nearby islands like Lastovo, Korčula, or Vis. It is administratively part of the municipality of Komiža.
Mega Web
Mega Web, or Megaweb, was a car theme park operated by Toyota in Odaiba's Palette Town, Tokyo, Japan. The Toyota City Showcase displays vehicles and has 1.3-km driving course for test driving. Ride Studio offers mini car driving and the Waku-Doki has simulated race track driving. The History Garage has a collection of 1950s–1970s models on display. Mega Web and the Historic Garage closed permanently on December 31, 2021, as part of Palette Town's anticipated redevelopment.

Palette Town
Palette Town was a shopping mall and entertainment complex in Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan, it opened on March 19, 1999, and closed on August 31, 2022, and the facilities have been closed for redevelopment of the area.
Al Cisneros
Alberto R. Cisneros (/sɪsˈnɛroʊs/; born September 23, 1973) is an American musician. He is the lead singer and bassist for stoner rock/doom metal bands Sleep and Om. He also was a member of Shrinebuilder and Asbestosdeath (the precursor to Sleep) and has put out nine releases as a solo artist.

Jerusalem and Dopesmoker
Jerusalem and Dopesmoker are two versions of the third studio album by the American stoner doom band Sleep. The former title was released in 1999 by The Music Cartel and the latter was released by Tee Pee Records in 2003. The musical performance that appears on Dopesmoker was recorded live to tape in the second half of 1994, following Sleep’s U.S. tour.
When recording had completed, London was unhappy with the finished product and refused to release it, leading to Sleep's disbandment and the album surfacing on bootlegs and unauthorized indie releases in subsequent years. All versions of the album received very positive reception from music critics, who described it as a high-water mark in both the stoner metal and doom metal genres.
Côte-Saint-Luc–Hampstead–Montreal West
Côte Saint-Luc–Hampstead–Montreal West was a borough in the western part of Montreal, Quebec. It comprised the municipalities of Côte Saint-Luc, Hampstead, and Montreal West.

On January 1, 2002, all three municipalities were merged as part of the large-scale municipal reorganization by the provincial Parti Québécois government. On June 20, 2004, all three municipalities voted via referendum to return to independent municipalities, dissolving the borough effective January 1, 2006.

Hampstead, Quebec
Hampstead is an on-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an independent municipality bordering the municipality of Côte Saint-Luc and the Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce borough of Montreal. The municipality has the highest percentage of Jewish population of any town in Canada, at 64% of the population.
Polladras
Polladras is a hamlet in the civil parish of Breage, in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated one mile south of Godolphin Cross and three miles (5 km) northwest of Helston; it is northeast of Tregonning Hill.

Polladras is a group of settlements along two rural roads, inhabited by families and retired people. It includes a campsite at Lower Polladras and a care home.

Breage, Cornwall
Breage (/ˈbriːɡ/ ⓘ BREEG, locally /ˈbreɪɡ/ BRAYG; Cornish: Eglosbrek (village) or Pluw Vrek (parish)) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is three miles (five kilometres) west of Helston.

Other settlements in the parish include the villages of Ashton, Carleen and Godolphin Cross; the coastal village of Praa Sands; and the Great Work Mine. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, the parish had a population of 3,159.

Breage is named after Saint Breaca, a missionary from Ireland (to whom the 15th-century church is dedicated) and it is in the former Kerrier District.
Piano Sonata No. 7 (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 7 in C major, K. 309 (284b) (1777) is a piano sonata in three movements:

A typical performance takes about 16 minutes.

The work was composed during a journey to Mannheim and Paris in 1777–1778. In a letter to his father dated 24 October 1777, Mozart describes a concert where he played "a magnificent sonata in C major with a closing rondo, my own invention", suggesting that the sonata was completed by October 1777. The andante movement is a "portrait" of his pupil Rose Cannabich, the 13-year-old daughter of the Mannheim Kapellmeister Christian Cannabich. Upon reviewing a copy of the manuscript, Mozart's father Leopold wrote that it was "a strange composition. It has something in it of the 'rather artificial' Mannheim style, but so very little that your own good style is not spoilt."

C major
C major is a major scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. C major is one of the most common keys used in music. Its key signature has  no flats or sharps. Its relative minor is A minor and its parallel minor is C minor.

The C major scale is:

These are less common and mostly used in jazz. Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The C harmonic major and melodic major scales are:

On the piano, the C major scale can be played by playing only the white keys starting on C.
Yū, Yamaguchi
Yū or Yuu (由宇町, Yū-chō) was a town located in Kuga District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,519 and a density of 326.22 persons per km2. The total area was 29.18 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Yū, along with the towns of Kuga, Mikawa, Miwa, Nishiki and Shūtō, and the village of Hongō (all from Kuga District), was merged into the expanded city of Iwakuni.

Nishiki, Yamaguchi
Nishiki (錦町, Nishiki-chō) was a town located in Kuga District, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,042 and a density of 19.22 persons per km2. The total area was 210.32 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Nishiki, along with the towns of Kuga, Mikawa, Miwa, Shūtō and Yū, and the village of Hongō (all from Kuga District), was merged into the expanded city of Iwakuni.
Storo
Storo (Stòr in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,554 and an area of 62.9 square kilometres (24.3 mi2).

The municipality of Storo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Darzo, Lodrone and Riccomassimo.

Storo borders the following municipalities: Condino, Bagolino, Brione, Ledro and Bondone.

Bondone
Bondone (Bondù, /bon'du/ in local dialect) is a comune located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Trento in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, on the border with Lombardy. It is As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 693 and an area of 19.2 square kilometres (7.4 mi2) divided approximately equally between the capoluogo and the frazione Baitoni which lies on the shores of Lake Idro.

The territory of the commune rises from an elevation of 368 metres (1,207 ft) at the lakeside to a maximum of 1,946 metres (6,385 ft). The Castello di San Giovanni, offers panoramic views of the lake, and of the valley of the Chiese, with the Dolomites of Brenta visible in the distance. Bondone is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Shibogama First Nations Council
Shibogama First Nations Council (Oji-Cree: ᔑᑄᑲᒫ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓇᐦᔑᓈᐯᐠ ᐅᓇᐦᔕᐌᓂᓂᐗᐠ (Zhibwagamaa Nistam-Anashinaabeg Onashaweniniwag), unpointed: ᔑᐧᐸᑲᒪ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓇᔑᓇᐯᐠ ᐅᓇᔕᐧᐁᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ), is a regional tribal council located in northwestern Ontario, Canada.  Like many of the other regional councils, Shibogama is a member of the Nishnawbe Aski Nation.  On September 28, 1984, the Shibogama Area Tribal Council was established at the Kasabonika Lake Band Office. In January 1985, Shibogama First Nations Council was incorporated, making it officially an organization that is controlled and governed by the Board of Directors who are the Chiefs from each of the six member First Nations.

Nishnawbe Aski Nation
Nishnawbe Aski Nation (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᑲᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᓐ (Anishinaabe-aski Ishkoniganan Ogimaawin), unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓇᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᐊᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᓐ; NAN for short) is a political organization representing 51 First Nation communities across Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 areas of Northern Ontario, Canada. Re-organized to its present form in 1981, NAN's original objective was "to represent the social and economic aspirations of our people at all levels of government in Canada and Ontario until such time as real effective action is taken to remedy our problems."

Its member-First Nations are Ojibwa, Oji-Cree and Cree, and thus the languages within NAN include Ojibwemowin, Oji-cree and Cree. NAN's administrative offices are located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The current Grand Chief is Alvin Fiddler.
Tokarev Island
Tokarev Island is one of the small islands in the Haswell Islands, lying 0.1 nautical miles (0.2 km) west of Gorev Island. Discovered and first mapped by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson. Photographed by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1956) and named for Aleksey K. Tokarev (1915–57), biologist on the expedition who died while returning from the Antarctic.

Haswell Islands
The Haswell Islands are a group of rocky coastal islands lying off Mabus Point, Antarctica, and extending about 3 kilometres (1.5 nmi) seaward. They were charted by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson (1911–14), who applied the name "Rookery Islands" because of a large emperor penguin rookery on Haswell Island, the largest and seaward island in the group. In 1955 the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia proposed that the name Haswell be extended to the entire group.
C.D. Marquense
Club Deportivo Marquense (Spanish pronunciation: [klˈub dˌepoɾtˈiβo maɾkˈɛnse]), or simply Marquense, is a Guatemalan professional football club based in San Marcos, Department of San Marcos. They compete in the Liga Guate, the top tier of Guatemalan football.

Their home venue is at the Estadio Marquesa de la Ensenada.

2006 UNCAF Interclub Cup
The 2006 UNCAF Interclub Cup was the 24th edition of the international club football competition held in the UNCAF region representing the seven nations of Central America.  This was the eighth year of the current format using the name UNCAF Interclub Cup.  The tournament was also a qualifying event for the 2007 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.  Sixteen teams representing seven football associations took part, beginning with the first qualifying games on August 22, 2006.  The tournament concluded with a two-legged final that was won by Puntarenas of Costa Rica making them the Central American club football champions.  The top three finishers in the tournament qualify for the 2007 CONCACAF Champions' Cup.
Vardo Rumessen
Vardo Rumessen (8 August 1942 – 24 August 2015) was an Estonian pianist, musicologist and politician for the Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica. He is best known for his work with Eduard Tubin's music. He was born in Pärnu. In his performances abroad, he played works by Estonian composed that were forbidden under the Soviet regime.

Congress of Estonia
The Congress of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Kongress) was a grassroots parliament elected in February 1990 in then Soviet-occupied Estonia and actively participating in the popular nonviolent resistance to the Soviet rule, which resulted in the restoration of the country's independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991.

In September 1991, a Constitutional Assembly was formed with half of its members elected from the Congress of Estonia to write a new constitution. The new Constitution of Estonia was approved by the referendum in June 1992, and the Congress dissolved itself in October 1992, once the freshly elected parliament of Estonia (Riigikogu) had been sworn in.
Baldwin (apple)
The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from the United States of America. No apple in the vicinity of Boston was so popular as Baldwin. It has also been known as 'Calville Butter', 'Felch', 'Late Baldwin', 'Pecker', 'Red Baldwin's Pippin', 'Steele's Red Winter', and 'Woodpecker'.

The Baldwin was one of four apples honored by the United States Postal Service in a 2013 set of four 33¢ stamps commemorating historic strains, joined by Northern Spy, Golden Delicious, and Granny Smith.

Granny Smith
The Granny Smith is an apple cultivar that originated in Australia in 1868. It is named after Maria Ann Smith, who propagated the cultivar from a chance seedling. The tree is thought to be a hybrid of Malus sylvestris, the European wild apple, with the domesticated apple Malus domestica as the polleniser.

The fruit is hard and firm and with light green skin and has crisp, juicy flesh. The flavour is tart, often sour and acidic. It remains firm and mostly sweet when baked, making it a popular cooking apple used in pies, where it can be sweetened even further. The apple goes from being completely green to turning yellow when overripe. USApple Association reported in 2019 that the Granny Smith was the third most popular apple in the United States.
Picrasma quassioides
Picrasma quassioides (picrasma; Chinese: 苦樹 ku shu, Japanese: ニガキ nigaki "bitterwood"; also India quassia, quassia wood, shurni, quassia-wood, or quassiawood; syn. P. ailanthioides) is a species of Picrasma native to temperate regions of southern Asia, from the northeast of Pakistan east along the Himalaya and through East Asia from southern, central and eastern China to Taiwan, Japan and Korea.

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 10–15 m (rarely 20 m) tall with a trunk up to 50 cm diameter. The bark is smooth and dark grey-brown. The leaves are 15–40 cm long, pinnate, with 7–15 leaflets 2.5–10 cm long and 1.5–4.5 cm broad, with a coarsely and irregularly toothed margin. The flowers are green to yellow-green with four or five sepals and petals, produced in cymes 8–15 cm long in mid to late spring. The fruit is an ovoid to globose, red to black drupe 6–7 mm diameter.

Picrasma
Picrasma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae, comprising six to nine species native to temperate to tropical regions of Asia, and tropical regions of the Americas. The species are shrubs and trees growing up to 20 m tall.
Edenwold
Edenwold (2016 population: 233) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Edenwold No. 158 and Census Division No. 6. It is located 45 km (28 mi) north of the City of Regina.

Division No. 6, Saskatchewan
Division No. 6 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Regina, the provincial capital.
Benjamin Milliken II
Benjamin Milliken II U.E. (1794 in Bocabec, New Brunswick – 1863 in Township of Markham, Canada West, Province of Canada) was a United Empire Loyalist, farmer and soldier  who lived in Markham Township, York County, Upper Canada in the nineteenth century.

Norman Milliken
Norman Milliken (July 11, 1771 Trenton, Province of Massachusetts Bay – February 2, 1843 Markham, Province of Canada) was a loyalist, farmer, lumber mill owner and hotel/tavern keeper in York County, Ontario. The community of Milliken Mills in Markham, Ontario is named after him.
Ryan Firebee
The Ryan Firebee is a series of target drones developed by the Ryan Aeronautical Company beginning in 1951. It was one of the first jet-propelled drones, and remains one of the most widely used target drones ever built.

Teledyne CAE J69
The Teledyne CAE J69 was a small turbojet engine originally produced by Continental Aviation and Engineering (CAE) under license from Turbomeca. The J69 was a development of the Turbomeca Marboré II.  It powered a number of U.S. drones, missiles and small aircraft.  The engine was later produced by Teledyne CAE.  The J69 was also developed into the Teledyne CAE J100 turbojet optimized for operation at higher altitudes.
Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971
The Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971 (c. 47) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The act implemented recommendations contained in the second report on statute law revision, by the Law Commission.

Charter of the Forest
The Charter of the Forest of 1217 re-established rights of access for free men to the royal forest that had been eroded by King William the Conqueror and his heirs. Many of its provisions were in force for centuries afterwards. It was originally sealed in England by the young King Henry III, acting under the regency of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke.

It was in many ways a companion document to Magna Carta. The charter redressed some applications of the Anglo-Norman Forest Law that had been extended and abused by King William Rufus.
St. Catherine Monastery, Olomouc
The Monastery of St. Catherine (Czech: Kostel svaté Kateřiny) in Olomouc, Czech Republic, was founded in 1287 for a community of Dominican nuns, who occupied it until 1782, when it passed over to the Ursuline nuns. The Ursuline Order remained in the monastery until 1951, when it was suppressed and converted to secular use under the Communist regime. It has been since used by the Regional Museum of Olomouc.

Olomouc
Olomouc (Czech pronunciation: [ˈolomouts] ⓘ; German: Olmütz) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region.

Located on the Morava River, the city is the ecclesiastical metropolis and was a historical co-capital city of Moravia, before having been occupied by the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as urban monument reservation. The Holy Trinity Column was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 for its quintessential Baroque style and symbolic value.
Co-Cathedral of Saint Thomas More (Tallahassee, Florida)
The Co-Cathedral of St. Thomas More is a Catholic cathedral located in Tallahassee, Florida. Along with the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Pensacola, it is the seat of the Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee. It also provides the Catholic campus ministry at Florida State University.

Diocese of Pensacola–Tallahassee
The Catholic Diocese of Pensacola–Tallahassee (Latin: Dioecesis Pensacolensis–Talloseiensis) is a Latin Church diocese in the Florida Panhandle region of the United States. The patron saint of the diocese is St. Michael the Archangel.
Elgin Bridge (Singapore)
Elgin Bridge is a vehicular box girder bridge across the Singapore River, linking the Downtown Core to the Singapore River Planning Area located within Singapore's Central Area. It was built between 1925 and 1929.

The bridge was named after James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin in 1862, a colonial administrator and diplomat who had served as Governor-General of Canada and India. The iron bridge built across the river had previously replaced an older wooden bridge. The current bridge that still stands today was built in 1929. As this was the first permanent bridge across the river, the two roads leading to it were named North Bridge Road and South Bridge Road accordingly.

North Bridge Road
North Bridge Road is a major one-way road in Singapore, located to the north of the Singapore River. It begins at the junction with Crawford Street in Kallang, situated on the western bank of the Rochor River, and runs in a southwesterly direction until it reaches Elgin Bridge. Beyond the bridge, the road continues as South Bridge Road on the southern side of the river. Along its course, North Bridge Road passes through the planning areas of Kallang, Rochor and the Downtown Core.
Combremont-le-Petit
Combremont-le-Petit is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Valbroye.

Villars-Bramard
Villars-Bramard is a former municipality in the district of Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The villages of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Valbroye.
Russet Pikes
Russet Pikes (67°49′S 67°8′W﻿ / ﻿67.817°S 67.133°W﻿ / -67.817; -67.133) are Antarctic peaks just east of the mouth of Gaul Cove on Horseshoe Island. Surveyed by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1955–57. The name is descriptive; reddish-brown colour is visible on the feature most of the year, the slopes being too steep to retain snow cover for any length of time.

Horseshoe Island, Antarctica
Horseshoe Island is an island 12 km (6.5 nmi) long and 6 km (3 nmi) wide occupying most of the entrance to Square Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill who mapped the area by land and from the air in 1936–37. Its name is indicative of the crescentic alignment of the 600 to 900 m (2,000 to 3,000 ft) peaks which give a comparable shape to the island.

The Turkish Antarctic Research Station is located on the island.