hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2010 Poinsettia Bowl
The 2010 San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl was a post-season college football bowl game between the San Diego State Aztecs and the Navy Midshipmen on December 23, 2010 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California. The sixth edition of the annual Poinsettia Bowl, which the Aztecs won 35–14, began at 5:00 p.m. PST and was broadcast on ESPN.

Poinsettia Bowl
32°46′59″N 117°7′10″W﻿ / ﻿32.78306°N 117.11944°W﻿ / 32.78306; -117.11944

The Poinsettia Bowl was an annual college football bowl game held in San Diego, California, from 2005 to 2016. The game was originally played from 1952 to 1955 between military services teams; in 2005 it was re-created by the organizers of the Holiday Bowl. The new Poinsettia Bowl games were played in late December each year at San Diego Stadium. The game's one & only sponsor was the San Diego County Credit Union; it was named the San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl.
Papilio cynorta
Papilio cynorta, the mimetic swallowtail or common white banded papilio, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa, including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania.

Adult females mimic Bematistes epaea, the common bematistes butterfly.

The larvae feed on Clausena, Vepris, Calodendrum, Citrus and Fagara species.

Bematistes epaea
Bematistes epaea, the common bematistes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.
Thionyl chloride
Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SOCl2. It is a moderately volatile, colourless liquid with an unpleasant acrid odour. Thionyl chloride is primarily used as a chlorinating reagent, with approximately 45,000 tonnes (50,000 short tons) per year being produced during the early 1990s, but is occasionally also used as a solvent. It is toxic, reacts with water, and is also listed under the Chemical Weapons Convention as it may be used for the production of chemical weapons.

Thionyl chloride is sometimes confused with sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2, but the properties of these compounds differ significantly. Sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions.

Organochlorine chemistry
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds that contain one or more carbon–chlorine bonds. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties of organochlorides lead to a broad range of names, applications, and properties. Organochlorine compounds have wide use in many applications, though some are of profound environmental concern, with DDT and TCDD being among the most notorious.

Organochlorides such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane and chloroform are commonly used as solvents and are referred to as "chlorinated solvents".
Cairn Rouge
Cairn Rouge (9 March 1977 – after 1998) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. After showing promise as a two-year-old in 1979, Cairn Rouge improved to become one of the best three-year-old fillies in Europe in the following year. She won the Irish 1,000 Guineas and the Coronation Stakes against horses of her own age and sex, before defeating strong weight-for-age competition in the Champion Stakes. She failed to win in five starts as a four-year-old, but showed good form when finishing second in a controversial race for the Champion Stakes. After a brief, unsuccessful period racing in North America she was retired to stud, where she had some success as a broodmare.

Detroit (horse)
Detroit (24 February 1977 – 20 May 2001) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare who won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in 1980. Unraced as a two-year-old, Detroit won her first four races in 1980 including the Prix Fille de l'Air, Prix Chloé and Prix de la Nonette. She was beaten when favourite for the Prix Vermeille before winning the Arc in record time. She remained in training as a four-year-old and won three more races including the Prix Foy. She was retired to stud where she produced the Arc de Triomphe winner Carnegie.
Parity-check matrix
In coding theory, a parity-check matrix of a linear block code C is a matrix which describes the linear relations that the components of a codeword must satisfy. It can be used to decide whether a particular vector is a codeword and is also used in decoding algorithms.

Decoding methods
In coding theory, decoding is the process of translating received messages into codewords of a given code. There have been many common methods of mapping messages to codewords. These are often used to recover messages sent over a noisy channel, such as a binary symmetric channel.
Echo of Soul
Echo of Soul is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by Korean game developer Nvius and published in North America and Europe by Aeria Games.

Open beta began in South Korea on September 11, 2013, in China on October 31, 2014, and in Western territories on May 28, 2015.

Echo of Soul shut down in South Korea on October 22, 2015. Nearly a year later, publisher Kakao Games relaunched Echo of Soul in South Korea.

Aeria Games
Aeria Games, formerly known as Aeria Games and Entertainment, was an online game publisher. The corporate headquarters were located in Berlin, Germany.

Aeria Games was a privately owned organization by Aeria Games & Entertainment Inc, later a subsidiary of ProSiebenSat.1 Media, and later of Gamigo, which operated an Internet gaming portal for massively multiplayer online games. It focused on online games in multiple formats, client games, browser games, and mobile games. It published games for North America, South America and Europe. It closed down in 2023.
Edward Frankland
Sir Edward Frankland, KCB, FRS, FRSE (18 January 1825 – 9 August 1899) was an English chemist. He was one of the originators of organometallic chemistry and introduced the concept of combining power or valence.

An expert in water quality and analysis, he was a member of the second royal commission on the pollution of rivers, and studied London's water quality for decades. He established the then revolutionary possibility of biological treatment of sewage using a contact bed to oxidize the waste. This concept was taken up by the chief chemist for the London Metropolitan Board of Works, William Dibdin, in 1887.

He also studied luminous flames and the effects of atmospheric pressure on dense ignited gas, and was one of the discoverers of helium.

Royal School of Mines
The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering are also housed within the building. The school as an organisation no longer exists, having been incorporated into the Faculty of Engineering since 2003. Today the Royal School of Mines refers to both the departments associated with the former school, and the Grade II listed Edwardian building by Sir Aston Webb, which is viewed as a classic of academic architecture. The building and relevant student union still carry the name.
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy (Romanian: Academia Română [akadeˈmi.a roˈmɨnə]) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life.

According to its bylaws, the academy's main goals are the cultivation of Romanian language and Romanian literature, the study of the national history of Romania and research into major scientific domains. Some of the academy's fundamental projects are the Romanian language dictionary (Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române), the dictionary of Romanian literature, and the treatise on the history of the Romanian people.

Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române
Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române ("The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language", known under the abbreviation of DEX) is the most important dictionary of the Romanian language. It is published and edited by the "Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti" Institute of Linguistics of the Romanian Academy.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) is an inhibitory Gi/G0-coupled G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) generally localized to presynaptic sites of neurons in classical circuits. However, in higher cortical circuits in primates, mGluR3 are localized post-synaptically, where they strengthen rather than weaken synaptic connectivity. In humans, mGluR3 is encoded by the GRM3 gene. Deficits in mGluR3 signaling have been linked to impaired cognition in humans, and to increased risk of schizophrenia,  consistent with their expanding role in cortical evolution.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GRM2 gene. mGluR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that couples with the Gi alpha subunit. The receptor functions as an autoreceptor for glutamate, that upon activation, inhibits the emptying of vesicular contents at the presynaptic terminal of glutamatergic neurons.
Sungei Serangoon
Sungei Serangoon (Malay for Serangoon River; Chinese: 实龙岗河) is a river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. The 8-kilometre river starts as a canal near Tampines Road, and flows through Hougang, where it is joined by tributary Sungei Pinang just before Sengkang, before flowing towards Lorong Halus, where it is joined by another tributary Sungei Blukar, before emptying into the Serangoon Harbour. The river is also known as the Serangoon Estuary. Since 2011, the river has been converted into a reservoir - Serangoon Reservoir.

Hougang
Hougang (locally /ˌ(h)aʊˈkɑːŋ, -ʌŋ/ (h)ow-KUNG), archaically spelt Aukang, is a planning area and mature residential town located in the North-East Region of Singapore. It is the largest housing estate in Singapore based on land area, and is home to 247,528 residents as of 2018. Hougang planning area is bordered by Sengkang to the north, Geylang to the south, Bedok to the southeast, Toa Payoh to the southwest, Serangoon to the west and Paya Lebar to the east.
Bozzole
Bozzole is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 311 and an area of 9.4 square kilometres (3.6 sq mi).

Bozzole borders the following municipalities: Pomaro Monferrato, Sartirana Lomellina, Torre Beretti e Castellaro, Valenza, and Valmacca.

Valmacca
Valmacca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Alessandria in an area of plain on the right of the Po River at the confluence of the Rotaldo and the Gattola.

Valmacca borders the following municipalities: Bozzole, Breme, Frassineto Po, Pomaro Monferrato, Sartirana Lomellina, and Ticineto.
Medill McCormick
Joseph Medill McCormick (May 16, 1877 – February 25, 1925) was part of the McCormick family of businessmen and politicians in Chicago. After working as a publisher for some time and becoming part owner of the Chicago Tribune, which his maternal grandfather had owned, he entered politics.

After serving in the State House, he was elected both as a representative in the United States Congress and later as a U.S. senator from Illinois.

McCormick family
The McCormick family of Chicago and Virginia is an American family of Scottish and Scots-Irish descent that attained prominence and fortune starting with the invention of the McCormick reaper, a machine that revolutionized agriculture and established the modern grain trade by beginning the mechanization of the harvesting of grain. Through the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and later, the International Harvester Company and other investments, the McCormicks became one of the wealthiest families in America.  The name became ubiquitous in agriculture starting in the 19th century and the press dubbed the McCormicks the "Reaper Kings". Later generations expanded into media and publishing (Tribune Company), finance (William Blair & Company), and real estate (McCormick Estates).  Various family members were well known as civic leaders. The family was originally Presbyterian.
Robert Kahn (computer scientist)
Robert Elliot Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer who, along with Vint Cerf, first proposed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

In 2004, Kahn won the Turing Award with Vint Cerf for their work on TCP/IP.

RTX BBN Technologies
RTX BBN Technologies  (originally Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc. and formerly Raytheon BBN Technologies) is an American research and development company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

In 1966 the Franklin Institute awarded the firm the Frank P. Brown Medal, in 1999 BBN received the IEEE Corporate Innovation Recognition, and on 1 February 2013 BBN was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest honors that the U.S. government bestows upon scientists, engineers and inventors, by President Barack Obama. It became a wholly owned subsidiary of Raytheon in 2009.
Paopi 19
Paopi 18 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 20

The nineteenth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to October 16, of the Julian calendar, and October 29, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.

Paopi 20
Paopi 19 – Coptic calendar – Paopi 21

The twentieth day of the Coptic month of Paopi, the second month of the Coptic year.  On a common year, this day corresponds to October 17, of the Julian calendar, and October 30, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence.
Lilly Maxwell
Lilly Maxwell or Lily Maxwell (c.1800 – 1876) was a British suffragist who, in 1867, was the first woman known to have voted at a parliamentary contest since the 1832 Reform Act had limited the franchise to ‘male persons’. This resulted in an important test case at the Court of Common Pleas.

Chorlton-on-Medlock
Chorlton-on-Medlock is an inner city area of Manchester, England.

Historically in Lancashire, Chorlton-on-Medlock is bordered to the north by the River Medlock, which runs immediately south of Manchester city centre. Its other borders roughly correspond to Stockport Road, Hathersage Road, Moss Lane East and Boundary Lane. Neighbouring districts are Hulme to the west, Ardwick to the east and Victoria Park, Rusholme and Moss Side to the south. A large portion of the district along Oxford Road is occupied by the campuses of the University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University, and the Royal Northern College of Music. To the south of the university's Oxford Road campus a considerable area is occupied by a group of contiguous hospitals including Manchester Royal Infirmary, to the west of which is Whitworth Park.
Simssee
Simssee is a lake in the Alpine foothills of Bavaria, Germany. It has an elevation of 470.1 metres and a surface area of 6.5 km2, making it the largest lake in the Rosenheim district. The maximum depth of the lake is 22.5 m. It drains into the river Sims. The retention period of the Simssee is about one and a half years and its catchment area covers 59.51 km2. It is the last remain of Lake Rosenheim, which stretched over the area at the end of the Würm glaciation. The lake is a popular recreational spot for local visitors.

The lake is part of the following municipalities:

Bad Endorf

Stephanskirchen

Riedering

Prutting

Söchtenau

Sims (river)
The Sims is a river of Bavaria, Germany, near the country's southern border. A right tributary of the Inn, the Sims is approximately eight kilometers long, and is fed by the Simssee, a small lake. It flows into the Rohrdorfer Achen, close to its confluence with the Inn, near Rosenheim in the municipality of St. Stephen's churches. Initially, it runs along the edge of the municipal area from Stephanskirchen to that of Riedering.
Octopus stone
The octopus stone, Taiko-ishi 蛸石 (also called "Drum Rock") is a large stone at Osaka Castle in Japan. The stone is near Sakura Gate.

It is one of the largest of several megaliths at the castle (by face area), at 5.5×11.7 meters and over 120 tonnes (130 tons). Its name is derived from the octopus shape visible on its lower left corner.

Osaka Castle
Osaka Castle (大坂城 or 大阪城, Ōsaka-jō) is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan. The castle is one of Japan's most famous landmarks and played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi–Momoyama period.
23rd Alabama Sharpshooter Battalion
The 23rd Alabama Sharpshooter Battalion was a sharpshooter battalion of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. The battalion was formed on November 25, 1863 at Charleston, Tennessee from three companies of the 1st Infantry Battalion, Hilliard's Alabama Legion.

Hilliard's Legion
Hilliard's Legion or Hilliard's Alabama Legion was a Confederate unit which fought in the American Civil War. Unlike most Civil War formations, it was a combined arms force, with infantry, cavalry and artillery components.
Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa
H.E. Sheikh Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa is a member of the Bahraini ruling family.

Ali was born in 1957.

In 1993 he was appointed as Minister of Transportation. Ali was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transportation in September 2005. He held the post of deputy Prime Minister until a cabinet reshuffle in June 2022. He was then appointed as advisor for the King and the Prime Minister.

Ha has been the chairman of the board of Gulf Air since 1994.

He is a son of Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa.

Deputy Prime Minister of Bahrain
The deputy prime minister of Bahrain is a political position in the Cabinet of Bahrain. Historically, several deputy prime ministers have served concurrently. The first time when deputy prime ministers were appointed took place in November 2002.
Adjaha
Adjaha is an arrondissement in the Mono department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Grand-Popo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 5,787.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Carpenter, Texas
Carpenter is a small unincorporated community in western Wilson County, Texas, United States.  It lies between the towns of La Vernia and St. Hedwig on Farm to Market Road 1346. The community is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Greater San Antonio
Greater San Antonio, officially designated San Antonio–New Braunfels, is an eight-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Texas defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The metropolitan area straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of the Texas Triangle. The official 2020 U.S. census showed the metropolitan area's population at 2,558,143—up from a reported 1,711,103 in 2000—making it the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5.1 million people.

San Antonio–New Braunfels is the third-largest metro area in Texas, after Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land.
Russula agaricina
Russula agaricina is a fungus in the family, Russulaceae.

It was first described in 1876 as Macowania agaricina by Károly Kalchbrenner, and in 2007, based on phylogenetic evidence was  transferred to the genus, Russula, by Teresa Lebel and Jennifer Tonkin (but invalidly published). The name, Russula agaricina was validly published in 2018 by James Trappe and Todd Elliott.

Russula
Russula is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796.

The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus Lactarius have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken.

The ectomycorrhizal mushrooms are typically common. Although some species are toxic, a number of others are edible.
Fourth Ward, Houston
Fourth Ward is one of the historic six wards of Houston, Texas, United States. The Fourth Ward is located inside the 610 Loop directly west of and adjacent to Downtown Houston. The Fourth Ward is the site of Freedmen's Town, which was a post-U.S. Civil War community of African-Americans.

Third Ward, Houston
Third Ward is an area of Houston, Texas, United States which evolved from one of the six historic wards of the same name. It is located in the southeast Houston management district.

Third Ward, located inside the 610 Loop is immediately southeast of Downtown Houston and to the east of the Texas Medical Center. The ward became the center of Houston's African-American community. Third Ward is nicknamed "The Tre".

Robert D. Bullard, a sociologist teaching at Texas Southern University, stated that Third Ward is "the city's most diverse black neighborhood and a microcosm of the larger black Houston community."
Aspilanta voraginella
Aspilanta voraginella is a species of moth in the family Heliozelidae, first described by Annette Frances Braun in 1927. It is found in the United States (Arizona, Texas, and Utah). The larvae are leaf miners that feed on Vitis arizonica.

Heliozelidae
The Heliozelidae, commonly known as shield-bearer moths, are a family of small, day flying monotrysian moths distributed worldwide. The larvae of most heliozelid species are leaf miners who cut distinctive shield-shaped cases from the surface of the host leaf, hence the common name. Some species are considered pests of commercial crops such as grapevines, cranberries, and walnuts. The taxonomy of this family is poorly understood.