hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Çalım
Çalım Tatar pronunciation: [ɕʌˈlɯm] was a citadel and a staff of Tatar troops, which was constructed during the Kazan War for the restoration of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552-1556. The citadel was constructed by the people under Mameshbirde at the right bank of Volga at the Sundır hill in 1555. It was situated in 160 çaqrım upper than Kazan. In 1556, it was seized by Russian troops and ruined.

Mameshbirde
Mameshbirde (Mari: Мамич Бердей, Tatar: Мәмешбирде, romanized: Mämeşbirde, Tatar: Мамышбирде, romanized: Mamışbirde, Russian: Мамич-Берде́й) (died 1556) was a rebel commander during Kazan War for the independence of Kazan Khanate in 1552–1556. According to legend, he was a son of Mari noble and Chuvash noble woman.

In 1555, some years after the fall of Kazan, Mameshbirde gathered an army and started to struggle against Russian invaders on both banks of the Volga. At the Hill Bank Land of the Volga, his army reconstructed Çalım, the old stronghold at the Sender (Sundyr) Hill and based there. Mameshbirde tried to restore the khanate, but as he wasn't one of the Chinggisids, he needed someone to head the khanate. He invited the Nogay noble Ğäli Äkräm. After their joint armies were defeated by the Russian punitive expedition in 1556, he was captured. He was later executed in Moscow.
Eriogonum parvifolium
Eriogonum parvifolium is a species in the family Polygonaceae that occurs on dune formations in the coastal area of Central and Southern California.  This evergreen shrub grows to a height of 30 to 100 centimeters with a spread of approximately the same dimension.  This plant is an important host for a number of pollinating insects including certain endangered species.  E. parvifolium occurs both on bluffs along the Pacific Ocean coast as well as Coastal Strand dunes formations, but is restricted to altitudes below 700 meters.  In at least one instance within the Carbonera Creek watershed, it occurs farther inland in a Maritime Coast Range Ponderosa Pine forest.  This shrub is also known by the common names dune buckwheat, coast buckwheat, cliff buckwheat, or seacliff buckwheat.

El Segundo blue
The El Segundo blue (Euphilotes allyni) is an endangered species of butterfly. It is endemic to a small dune ecosystem in Southern California that used to be a community called Palisades del Rey, close to the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).
Markham Waxers
The Markham Waxers were an Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) Junior "A" ice hockey team based in Markham, Ontario, Canada.  The Waxers name is still used by the Markham Waxers minor hockey club with the Eastern AAA Hockey League, a sub league of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association.

Dixie Beehives
Dixie Beehives are a pair of defunct junior ice hockey teams from Weston, Ontario, Canada, which is now part of Toronto, Ontario. They played in the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League and the Central Junior B Hockey League.
Widhwidh
Widhwidh, also known as Widh Widh, is a town in the North Eastern State of Somalia's Buuhoodle District of northeastern Somalia. The Federal Government of Somalia announced in 2025 that the North Eastern State had completed its state-formation process and forms part of Somalia’s federal structure; within that framework, Widhwidh (in Buuhoodle District) is placed in the Cayn (Ayn) area of the state.

Buuhoodle
Buuhoodle (Somali: Buuhoodle, Arabic: بووهودل), also known as Bohotle, serves as a significant border town for the movement of goods between Somalia and Ethiopia's Somali Region. The surrounding district is rich in livestock with growing agricultural activities.
Phoenix Racquets
The Phoenix Racquets were a charter franchise of World Team Tennis (WTT). The team was founded as the Denver Racquets and won the 1974 WTT championship in the league's inaugural season, before moving to Phoenix in 1975. Following the 1978 season, eight of the 10 WTT franchises folded leaving only the Racquets and the San Francisco Golden Gaters prepared to participate in the 1979 season. WTT suspended operations of the league in March 1979, ending the Racquets existence.

Kristien Shaw
Kristien Shaw, also known as Kristien Shaw-Kemmer, Kristien Kemmer or Kristien Shaw-Ziska (born July 25, 1952) is an American former professional tennis player.

She had a career-high singles ranking of world No. 10 in 1977.
Cooper's Hawk Winery & Restaurants
Cooper's Hawk Winery & Restaurants is an Illinois-based restaurant and winery chain founded by Tim McEnery. The company's 69 locations each include a full-service restaurant, tasting room, and retail store.

The company opened its first restaurant location in Orland Park, Illinois in 2005. The chain has locations in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Orland Park, Illinois
Orland Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, with a small portion in Will County. It is a suburb of Chicago. Per the 2020 census, Orland Park had a population of 58,703. Located 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Chicago, Orland Park is close to several interstate highways, with the I-80 east-west coast connector as its southern border. The Metra commuter rail system links it to the Chicago Loop and from there to O'Hare and Midway airports.
Kirkenes
Kirkenes (Norwegian: [ˈçɪ̂rkəneːs] ⓘ), known as Girkonjárga in Northern Sami (pronounced [ˈkir̥ː.ko.ˌɲaːrːka]) and Kirkkoniemi in Kven, is a town in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, in the far northeastern part of Norway. The town lies on a peninsula along the Bøkfjorden, an arm of the large Varangerfjorden, and is located just a few kilometres from the Norway–Russia border.

The 2.29-square-kilometre (570-acre) town has a population (2023) of 3,404 and a population density of 1,486 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,850/sq mi). When the neighbouring suburban villages of Hesseng, Skytterhusfjellet, Sandnes and Bjørnevatn are all included with Kirkenes, the urban area reaches a population of almost 8,000.

Although Kirkenes is the Norwegian town closest to the Russian border, the town of Vardø to its north is located further east in Norway.

Sandnes, Finnmark
Sandnes (Norwegian), Kotajoki (Kven), Goađak (Northern Sami), or Kueʹttjokk (Skolt Sami) is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the town of Kirkenes between the suburban villages of Bjørnevatn and Hesseng. Sandnes has its own primary school.

The local sports club, Sandnes IL, runs one of Finnmark's best cross country arenas. Sandnes also has an alpine skiing resort, run by the same sports club, which is called Sandnes Alpine Center.
Cistothorus
Cistothorus is a genus of small passerine birds in the wren family. The name Cistothorus is from the Ancient Greek words κιστος (kistos), meaning "bush", and θουρος (thouros), meaning "leaping" or "running through".

Sedge wren
The sedge wren (Cistothorus stellaris) is a small and secretive passerine bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is widely distributed in North America. It is often found in wet grasslands and meadows where it nests in the tall grasses and sedges and feeds on insects. The sedge wren was formerly considered as conspecific with the non-migratory grass wren of central and South America.
Wei Wenbo
Wei Wenbo (Chinese: 魏文伯; pinyin: Wèi Wénbó; 1905–1987) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician who played an extensive role in the building of China's legal system. He was also one of East China's most senior party leaders before being purged in the Cultural Revolution. He was rehabilitated in 1979.

East China University of Political Science and Law
The East China University of Political Science and Law (ECUPL) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It was founded in 1952.

It has three campuses, one in Songjiang University Town in Songjiang District, one in Changning District, and the other in Putuo District.
Petworth House
Petworth House is a late 17th-century Grade I listed country house in the parish of Petworth, West Sussex, England. It was built in 1688 by Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, and altered in the 1870s to the design of the architect Anthony Salvin. It contains intricate wood-carvings by Grinling Gibbons (d. 1721). It is the manor house of the manor of Petworth. For centuries it was the southern home for the Percy family, earls of Northumberland.

Petworth is famous for its extensive art collection made by the Northumberland and Seymour/Somerset families and George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1751–1837), containing many works by his friend J. M. W. Turner. It also has an expansive deer park, landscaped by Capability Brown, which contains a large herd of fallow deer.

Petworth
Petworth is a town and civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England. It is located at the junction of the A272 east–west road from Heathfield to Winchester and the A283 Milford to Shoreham-by-Sea road.

The parish includes the settlements of Byworth and Hampers Green and covers an area of 2,690 hectares (6,600 acres). Twelve miles (19 km) to the south west of Petworth along the A285 road lies Chichester and the south-coast. In 2001 the population of the parish was 2,775 persons living in 1,200 households of whom 1,326 were economically active. At the 2011 Census the population was 3,027.
Jump On It!
Jump On It! is a 1999 studio album by American hip hop group the Sugarhill Gang made of children's music and was the first hip hop album made by rap artists for children. The album was the only one recorded after the trio of Big Bank Hank, Master Gee, and Wonder Mike reunited in the 1990s and was promoted by a jump rope contest for children in coordination with the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, who received a portion of the proceeds from album sales. The album was devised by Rhino Records executive Richard Foos and was intended to be paired with a line of children's clothing, educational videos, and television programming.

Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a United States–based nonprofit organization that operates a nationwide network of more than 5,500 local Boys & Girls Clubs. The organization serves children and youth by providing safe spaces, caring adult mentors, meals and snacks, and youth development programs that support academic success, leadership skills, and health and wellness. BGCA holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, is headquartered in Atlanta, and operates regional offices across the United States. Boys & Girls Clubs of America reaches more than 4 million kids and teens each year through its Club programs across the United States, Native lands, and U.S. military installations.
William J. Clark House
The William J. Clark House is a historic house at 32 Prospect Hill Road in the Stony Creek neighborhood of Branford, Connecticut.  Built in 1878–80 to a design by New Haven-based architect Henry Austin, it is a particularly fine example of the Stick style of architecture popular at the time.  The house is individually listed for its architecture on the National Register of Historic Places as the Stick Style House at Stony Creek, and is a contributing property to the Stony Creek-Thimble Islands Historic District.

Stony Creek–Thimble Islands Historic District
The Stony Creek–Thimble Islands Historic District is a historic district encompassing a 19th-century summer resort area in Branford, Connecticut.  Located in the southeastern part of the town, it encompasses the mainland Stony Creek neighborhood, and all of the major Thimble Islands which lie offshore from Stony Creek in Long Island Sound.  The district includes a well-preserved array of domestic summer resort architecture spanning more than a century preceding World War II, as well as worker housing and other artifacts related to the area's brief importance as a granite quarry.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
River Caen
The River Caen is a short river running through Braunton in north Devon. It flows into the estuary of the River Taw. It was formerly improved to make it more navigable as the Braunton Canal.

The river is considered a flood risk due to several damaging flash floods in its history.

Braunton
Braunton is a large village, civil parish, ecclesiastical parish and former manor in Devon. The village is situated 5 miles (8 km) west of Barnstaple. It is one of the largest villages in Devon with a population at the 2021 census of 10,217 people. There are two electoral wards (East and West). Their joint population at the above census was 8,218. Within the parish is the fertile, low-lying Braunton Great Field, which adjoins the undulating Braunton Burrows, the Core Area in North Devon Biosphere Reserve, the largest psammosere (sand dune system) in England. It confronts the Atlantic Ocean at the west of the parish at the large beach of Saunton Sands, one of the South West's international-standard surfing beaches.
Michael Kiske
Michael Kiske (born 24 January 1968) is a German singer who is the co-lead vocalist for the power metal band Helloween. Kiske has also released four solo albums, two albums with the hard rock band  Unisonic, has participated on various metal and rock related projects such as Avantasia, Place Vendome and Kiske/Somerville, and has performed with numerous bands as a guest vocalist.

Gamma Ray (band)
Gamma Ray is a German power metal band from Hamburg, founded and fronted by Kai Hansen after his departure from power metal band Helloween, in 1989. He is the band's lead vocalist, guitarist and chief songwriter. Between 1990 and 2014, Gamma Ray recorded eleven studio albums.
Piper Aerostar
The Piper Aerostar (originally the Ted Smith Aerostar) is an American twin-engined propeller-driven executive or light transport aircraft, designed by Ted R. Smith. It was originally built by Ted Smith Aircraft Company, but the design was acquired in 1978 by the Piper Aircraft Corporation, which continued production of the aircraft as the PA-60.

Lycoming O-540
The Lycoming O-540 is a family of air-cooled six-cylinder, horizontally opposed fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter engines of 541.5 cubic inches (8.9 L) displacement, manufactured by Lycoming Engines. The engine is a six-cylinder version of the four-cylinder Lycoming O-360.
Ridge (differential geometry)
In differential geometry, a smooth surface in three dimensions has a ridge point when a line of curvature has a local maximum or minimum of principal curvature. The set of ridge points form curves on the surface called ridges.

The ridges of a given surface fall into two families, typically designated red and blue, depending on which of the two principal curvatures has an extremum.

At umbilical points the colour of a ridge will change from red to blue. There are two main cases: one has three ridge lines passing through the umbilic, and the other has one line passing through it.

Ridge lines correspond to cuspidal edges on the focal surface.

Focal surface
For a surface in three dimension the focal surface, surface of centers or evolute is formed by taking the centers of the curvature spheres, which are the tangential spheres whose radii are the reciprocals of one of the principal curvatures at the point of tangency. Equivalently it is the surface formed by the centers of the circles which osculate the curvature lines.

As the principal curvatures are the eigenvalues of the second fundamental form, there are two at each point, and these give rise to two points of the focal surface on each normal direction to the surface. At points where the Gaussian curvature is zero, one sheet of the focal surface will have a point at infinity corresponding to the zero principal curvature.

If  is a point of the given surface,  the unit normal and  the principal curvatures at , then

and

are the corresponding two points of the focal surface.
Quasi-complete space
In functional analysis, a topological vector space (TVS) is said to be quasi-complete or boundedly complete if every closed and bounded subset is complete. 
This concept is of considerable importance for non-metrizable TVSs.

Locally convex topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vector spaces whose topology is generated by translations of balanced, absorbent, convex sets. Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family. Although in general such spaces are not necessarily normable, the existence of a convex local base for the zero vector is strong enough for the Hahn–Banach theorem to hold, yielding a sufficiently rich theory of continuous linear functionals.

Fréchet spaces are locally convex topological vector spaces that are completely metrizable (with a choice of complete metric). They are generalizations of Banach spaces, which are complete vector spaces with respect to a metric generated by a norm.
Tracy station
Tracy station is a commuter rail station in southern Tracy, California served by the Altamont Corridor Express. It is on the Union Pacific Railroad Oakland Subdivision, formerly the Western Pacific Railroad. Construction of the station began in April 1998, and it was one of ACE's inaugural stops upon commencement of service on October 19 of that year.

Tracy, California
Tracy is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States. The population was 93,000 at the 2020 census and estimated at 100,136 in 2024. Tracy is located inside a geographic triangle formed by Interstate 205 on the north side of the city, Interstate 5 to the east, and Interstate 580 to the southwest.
Laxton, Northamptonshire
Laxton is a village in North Northamptonshire, seven miles (11 km) east of Corby and approximately one mile (1.6 km) west of the A43. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 160 people, increasing to 234 at the 2011 census.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Bolívar (state)
Bolívar (Spanish: Estado Bolívar, IPA: [esˈtaðo βoˈliβaɾ]) is the largest of the 23 states of Venezuela in area. The state capital city is Ciudad Bolívar and the largest city is Ciudad Guayana. Bolívar State covers a total surface area of 242,801 km2 (93,746 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,410,964. The state contains Angel Falls.

Canaima National Park
Canaima National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Canaima) is a 30,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi) park in south-eastern Venezuela that roughly occupies the same area as the Gran Sabana region. It is located in Bolívar State, reaching the borders with Brazil and Guyana. The park was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
IPod Nano
The iPod Nano (stylized and marketed as iPod nano) is a discontinued portable media player designed and formerly marketed by Apple. The first-generation model was introduced on September 7, 2005, as a replacement for the iPod Mini, using flash memory for storage. The iPod Nano went through several models, or generations, after its introduction. Apple discontinued the iPod Nano on July 27, 2017.

Cover Flow
Cover Flow is an animated, three-dimensional graphical user interface element that was integrated within the Macintosh Finder and other Apple Inc. products for visually flipping through snapshots of documents, website bookmarks, album artwork, or photographs.

Cover Flow is browsed using the on-screen scrollbar, mouse wheel, gestures, or by selecting a file from a list, which flips through the pages to bring the associated image into view. On iPod and iPhone devices, the user slides their finger across the touch screen or uses the click wheel.

Apple discontinued the use of Cover Flow after settling a patent suit against Mirror Worlds. It is now absent on the Mac in everything other than Finder with OS X El Capitan. In macOS Mojave, a completely different Gallery view feature replaces Cover Flow in Finder. It was removed from iOS in 2015 with the release of iOS 8.4, which replaced the Music app with Apple Music.
German auxiliary cruiser Komet
Komet (German for comet) (HSK-7) was an auxiliary cruiser of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in the Second World War, intended for service as a commerce raider. Known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 45, to the Royal Navy she was named Raider B.

After completing one successful raid in the South Pacific, she was sunk by a British motor torpedo boat in October 1942 whilst attempting to break out into the Atlantic on another.

RMS Rangitane
MS Rangitane was a passenger liner owned by the New Zealand Shipping Company. She was one of three sister ships (the other sisters were Rangitata and Rangitiki) delivered to the company in 1929 for the All-Red Route between Britain and New Zealand. Rangitane was built by John Brown & Company and launched on 27 May 1929.

The three ships each measured about 16,700 gross register tons, 530 feet (160 m) registered length and 70 feet (21 m) beam. They could carry nearly 600 passengers in 1st, 2nd and 3rd classes, 200 crew members, and substantial cargo. They had Brown-Sulzer diesel engines with a total output of 9,300 hp (6,900 kW), turning twin propellers. In wartime, they carried only defensive armament. On her final voyage Rangitane was armed with a 4.7-inch gun and 40 rounds of ammunition.
Jaguar Land Rover Halewood
Jaguar Land Rover Halewood is a Jaguar Land Rover factory plant in Halewood, Merseyside, England, and forms the major part of the factory complex in Halewood which is shared with Ford of Britain  who manufacture transmissions at the site, and who opened the site in 1962 as their Halewood Body & Assembly plant.

Ford Capri
The Ford Capri is a car which was built by Ford of Europe from 1968 to 1986. It is a fastback coupé and was designed by Philip T. Clark, who had been involved in the design of the Ford Mustang. It used the mechanical components from the Mk2 Ford Cortina and was intended as the European equivalent of the Ford Mustang. The Capri went on to be highly successful for Ford, selling nearly 1.9 million units in its lifetime. A wide variety of engines were used in the car throughout its production lifespan, which included V6 engines named Essex and Cologne at the top of the range, while the straight-four (Kent) and V4 (Taunus) engines were used in lower-specification models. Although the Capri was not officially replaced, the second-generation Probe was effectively its replacement after the later car's introduction to the European market in 1994.