hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open verdict
The open verdict is an option open to a coroner's jury at an inquest in the legal system of England and Wales. The verdict means the jury confirms the death is suspicious, but is unable to reach any other verdicts open to them. Mortality studies consider it likely that the majority of open verdicts are recorded in cases of suicide where the intent of the deceased could not be proved, although the verdict is recorded in many other circumstances.

Inquests in England and Wales
Inquests in England and Wales are held into sudden or unexplained deaths and also into the circumstances of and discovery of a certain class of valuable artefacts known as "treasure trove". In England and Wales, inquests are the responsibility of a coroner, who operates under the jurisdiction of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. In some circumstances where an inquest cannot view or hear all the evidence, it may be suspended and a public inquiry held with the consent of the Home Secretary.
Achomi language
Achomi (Persian: اچُمی), also known as Khodmooni and Larestani, is a Middle Persian (Parsig) derived and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by the Achomi people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of Ajam citizens in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, and other neighbouring countries.

It is the predominant language of Khur, Gerash, Larestan, Lamerd, Khonj, and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan province.

Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as Larestan, Khur, Khonj, Gerash, Evaz, Ashkanan, Bastak, Lar, and Banaruiyeh. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims, with a minority being Shia Muslims.

The Achomi language is considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or Middle Persian.

Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).
Niels Blach
Niels Svend Blach (6 December 1893 – 10 December 1979) was a Danish field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Danish field hockey team, which won the silver medal.

At club level he played for Københavns Hockeyklub.

He came from a family of hockey players. His brother Ejvind Blach was on the same 1920 Olympics team. His brother Arne Blach was also a hockey player and competed in the 1928 Olympics and the 1936 Olympics. His Nephew Preben Blach competed at the 1948 Olympics.

Preben Blach
Preben Blach (15 December 1920 – 28 March 2007) was a Danish field hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Blach came from a family of hockey players. His father Arne Blach was also a hockey player and competed in the 1928 Olympics and the 1936 Olympics. His uncles Ejvind Blach and Svend Blach competed at the 1920 Olympics.
Pyur
Pyur, Pyowr, Piwr, or P'ywr (uppercase: Փ, lowercase: փ; Armenian: փյուր; Classical Armenian: փիւր) is the 35th letter of the Armenian alphabet. It represents the aspirated voiceless bilabial stop (/pʰ/). Its capital form is homoglyphic to the Cyrillic letter Ef, the Greek letter Phi, and the IPA symbol for the voiceless bilabial fricative. The lowercase form is the letter Tyun with two additional vertical lines jutting on the top and the bottom. Created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century, it has a value of 8000 as an Armenian numeral.

History of the Armenian alphabet
Armenian palaeography is a branch of palaeography that examines the historical development of Armenian script forms and lettering. It also encompasses a description of the evolution of Armenian writing.

The Armenian alphabet was devised in 405 in the cities of Edessa and Samsat by the scholar-monk Mesrop Mashtots. As is the case with other writing systems worldwide, the graphic layout of Armenian letters has undergone some changes in over 1600 years. The four principal graphic forms of Armenian writing during the Middle Ages are Erkat'agir, Bolorgir, Notrgir and Shghagir. The first of these is an all caps form, while the other three are minuscule forms of lettering. The most prevalent forms were Erkat'agir and Bolorgir. Within each of these forms, certain variations are possible.
EMD SD38
The EMD SD38 is a 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between May 1967 and October 1971. It had an EMD 645 16-cylinder engine generating 2,000 horsepower (1.5 MW), compared to the turbocharged EMD 645E3 V-16 engine that produced 3000 horsepower.  Aside from the 3-axle trucks and a longer frame to accommodate them, the SD38 was identical to the GP38; the SD38 had the same frame as the SD39, SD40 and SD45. 52 were built for American railroads, one was built for a Canadian railroad, four were exported to a mining firm in Jamaica and seven were exported to a mining firm in Venezuela. The SD38 was succeeded by a Dash 2 version called the EMD SD38-2.

EMD SD45
The SD45 is a six-axle diesel-electric locomotive class built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between 1965 and 1971. It has an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine generating 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) on the same frame as the SD38, SD39, SD40, and SDP40. As of 2023, most SD45s have been retired, scrapped, or rebuilt to SD40-2 standards.
Mark Singel
Mark Stephen Singel (born September 12, 1953) is an American politician who served as the 27th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995, alongside Governor Bob Casey. Singel served as the state's acting governor from June 14, 1993 to December 13, 1993, during Casey's lengthy battle with amyloidosis and subsequent multiple organ transplant.

Bob Casey Sr.
Robert Patrick Casey (January 9, 1932 – May 30, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician from Pennsylvania who served as the 42nd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 22nd district from 1963 to 1968 and as Auditor General of Pennsylvania from 1969 to 1977.

Casey was best known for leading the anti-abortion wing of the Democratic Party, spearheading the opposition against Planned Parenthood v. Casey, a landmark Supreme Court decision on abortion. He championed unions, believed in government as a beneficent force, and supported gun rights.

His son, Bob Casey Jr., also served as Auditor General of Pennsylvania and went on to serve as Pennsylvania Treasurer and as a U.S. Senator, from 2007 to 2025.
Qui suis-je?
Qui suis-je? (in English: Who am I?) is the debut studio album by French rapper Sefyu, produced by the label Because Music and the beatmaker Therapy. Released in May 2006 in relative anonymity, it catapulted Sefyu to the forefront of the French rap scene and, more broadly, among French singers, allowing him to win the Victoires de la Musique in 2009. This success was made possible by the highly innovative style of the rapper, which includes numerous onomatopoeias, rhythm breaks, mouth sounds, and combines this technical form with impactful, unsettling, or profound messages about human nature.

The album is considered a classic of French rap. However, despite its innovations, which sometimes place it in the realms of "pre-trap" or "pre-drill", it failed to have a lasting influence on French rap, which later embraced trap music through other avenues, notably Kaaris.

Therapy 2093
Mehdi Mechdal, known as Therapy 2093 or simply Therapy, is a French record producer and beatmaker. In collaboration with other members of Therapy, he has played a notable role in the history of rap in France, particularly by partnering with or launching a number of important rappers, such as Sefyu, Booba, and Dosseh.

However, his most famous collaboration remains with Kaaris for the album Or Noir, which is credited with largely popularizing the musical genre of trap in France. He is considered one of the most influential beatmakers in French rap since the 2010s.
Marcuard & Co.
Marcuard & Co., founded by Johann Rudolf Marcuard in 1746, was a private bank based in Bern, Switzerland. One of the first banks in Switzerland, it quickly became one of the largest banks of the 18th century. It merged with Crédit Suisse in 1919 and operated jointly until 1995.

Johann-Rudolf Marcuard
Johann-Rudolf Marcuard (25 December 1721 – 13 March 1795) was a Swiss banker. He founded the bank Marcuard & Cie, which became one of the most prominent banks of the 18th century until its acquisition by Credit Suisse in 1919.

The bank Marcuard & Cie, active in all the major metropolises of Europe, was notably commissioned in Vienna by Maria Theresa of Austria.

Carrying forward Johann Rudolf Marcuard’s legacy to the present day, the direct descendants of the family have established the Marcuard brand as a global network of wealth management firms across four continents. Today, these firms remain dedicated to the family’s foundational principles of client-centric service and trusted expertise.
Henry Tumukunde
Henry Tumukunde is a politician and retired senior military officer of the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF). He ran as an independent candidate for president in the 2021 Ugandan general election.

He was the Minister of National Security in the Cabinet of Uganda, appointed to that position on 6 June 2016. On 4 March 2018, he was relieved of his duties in an unexpected cabinet reshuffle.

He is also an advocate of the High Court of Uganda. He has served as the Uganda Peoples Defence Forces (UPDF) Director of Planning, Chief of Personnel and Administration, Chief of Military Intelligence as well as serving as the commanding officer of the UPDF Fourth Division, based in Gulu in the Northern Region of Uganda. He has also previously served as the director general of the Internal Security Organisation (ISO). Tumukunde was also a Member of Parliament representing the Army in the Parliament of Uganda between 1995 and 2005.

Internal Security Organisation
The Internal Security Organisation (ISO) is the Uganda government's counter intelligence agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to Uganda's policy makers.  It also engages in covert activities at the request of the President of Uganda. Founded in 1986, the organisation took over the duties first performed by Military Intelligence. Its headquarters are in Nakasero, Kampala.
Spring Lake, Michigan
Spring Lake is a village in Ottawa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,497 at the 2020 census. The village is located within Spring Lake Township. The two share a ZIP code, which also serves most of the neighboring city of Ferrysburg and slivers of Crockery Township in Ottawa County and Fruitport Township in Muskegon County.

Ottawa County, Michigan
Ottawa County (/ˈɒtəwə/ OT-ə-wə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the United States 2020 Census, the population was 296,200. The county seat is Grand Haven. The county is named for the Ottawa Nation. It was set off in 1831 and organized in 1837. Ottawa County is included in the Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area and has a significant Dutch American population.

Area farmers produce more than $726 million in products annually, making Ottawa County an "agricultural powerhouse" in the state.
Zhu Changxun
Zhu Changxun, Prince of Fu (Chinese: 朱常洵; 22 February 1586 – 2 March 1641) was the third son of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty. His mother, Noble Consort Zheng, was a favoured concubine of the Wanli Emperor and, in an effort to please her, the emperor attempted to have Zhu Changxun made heir apparent, but failed to overturn the rule of primogeniture. After the fall of the Ming, however, Zhu Changxun's son, Zhu Yousong, became the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty.

Noble Consort Zheng
Noble Consort Zheng (1565–1630), was a Ming dynasty concubine of the Wanli Emperor. She is known for having been his most beloved consort and, in an attempt to please her, he tried to make her son his heir apparent. This act caused over a decade of conflict and factionalism in the imperial court.
Coatham Mundeville
Coatham Mundeville is a village in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of 
County Durham, England. It is situated a short distance from Brafferton, on the A167 between Newton Aycliffe and Darlington.

Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It lies on the River Skerne, 13 miles (21 km) west of Middlesbrough and 17 miles (27 km) south of Durham. Darlington had a population of 107,800 at the 2021 Census, making it a "large town" and one of the largest settlements in North East England. The town is linked to London, Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh by the East Coast Main Line railway and the A1 road.
Splatterhouse 2
Splatterhouse 2, known in Japan as Splatterhouse Part 2, is a 1992 beat 'em up video game developed by Now Production and published by Namco for the Sega Genesis. It is the sequel to the 1988 arcade game Splatterhouse, and the third installment in the Splatterhouse series, following Splatterhouse: Wanpaku Graffiti.

On August 4, 2008, the game was released on the Wii Virtual Console in North America. It is the first and the only ESRB M-rated game to be released for the Virtual Console. The game was included as an unlockable extra in the 2010 remake. It was included on the Sega Genesis Mini 2 in October 2022.

Splatterhouse (2010 video game)
Splatterhouse is a horror-themed beat 'em up hack and slash video game developed and published by Namco Bandai Games in 2010 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It is a reimagining and a reboot of the original Splatterhouse which was released in 1988.

Splatterhouse received mixed reviews. While its graphics, soundtrack and voice acting were praised, it was criticised for its controls, difficulty, glitches and repetitive gameplay.
Montjuïc Funicular
The Montjuïc Funicular (Catalan: Funicular de Montjuïc; Spanish: Funicular de Montjuic) is a funicular railway in the city of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. The railway mainly runs through a tunnel and connects the Barcelona Metro's Paral·lel station (with connections to lines L2 and L3) with the hill of Montjuïc and the various sporting facilities and other attractions there.

The upper station of the funicular is adjacent to the lower station of the Montjuïc Cable Car, a gondola lift that continues uphill to a terminal near the Montjuïc Castle at the summit of the hill. There is also a bus stop serviced by the 150 line which runs from the upper station of the funicular to the castle's summit and  is part of the same fare network as the funicular, providing a free transfer to the castle as an alternative to the cable car.

Montjuïc Castle
Montjuïc Castle (Catalan: Castell de Montjuïc, Spanish: Castillo de Montjuich) is an old military fortress, with roots dating back from 1640, built on top of Montjuïc hill in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It currently serves as a Barcelona municipal facility.
Kempten
Kempten (German: [ˈkɛmptn̩] ⓘ; Swabian: Kempte [ˈkɛmptə] ⓘ) is the largest town of Allgäu, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. The population was about 68,000 in 2016. The area was possibly settled originally by Celts, but was later taken over by the Romans, who called the town Cambodunum. Kempten is the oldest urban settlement (town) in Germany.

Princely Abbey of Kempten
The Princely Abbey of Kempten (German: Fürststift Kempten or Fürstabtei Kempten) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire for centuries until it was annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria in the course of the German mediatization in 1803.
Freidlin–Wentzell theorem
In mathematics, the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem (due to Mark Freidlin and Alexander D. Wentzell) is a result in the large deviations theory of stochastic processes.  Roughly speaking, the Freidlin–Wentzell theorem gives an estimate for the probability that a (scaled-down) sample path of an Itō diffusion will stray far from the mean path.  This statement is made precise using rate functions.  The Freidlin–Wentzell theorem generalizes Schilder's theorem for standard Brownian motion.

Large deviations theory
In probability theory, the theory of large deviations concerns the asymptotic behaviour of remote tails of sequences of probability distributions. While some basic ideas of the theory can be traced to Laplace, the formalization started with insurance mathematics, namely ruin theory with Cramér and Lundberg. A unified formalization of large deviation theory was developed in 1966, in a paper by Varadhan. Large deviations theory formalizes the heuristic ideas of concentration of measures and widely generalizes the notion of convergence of probability measures.

Roughly speaking, large deviations theory concerns itself with the exponential decline of the probability measures of certain kinds of extreme or tail events.
Jack Morris (Jesuit)
John James "Jack" Morris, S.J. (October 22, 1927 – September 30, 2012) was an American Jesuit priest who founded the Jesuit Volunteer Corps in 1956. The Jesuit Volunteer Corps is an organization founded specifically for young, lay volunteer college graduates, who embark in one or more years of voluntary community service. Approximately 150 individuals enroll in the Jesuit Volunteer Corps each year.

Jesuit Volunteer Corps
The Jesuit Volunteer Corps (JVC) is an organization of lay volunteers who volunteer one year or more to community service with poor communities. JVC works in inner city neighborhoods and rural communities in about 36 different cities throughout the U.S. JVC works with the homeless, abused women and children, immigrants and refugees, the mentally ill, people with HIV/AIDS and other illnesses, the elderly, children, and on behalf of other marginalized groups. Jesuit Volunteers (JVs) in the international program that places volunteers in other countries.

The organization's official motto is "Dare to change".
Local Council of Women of Halifax
The Local Council of Women of Halifax (LCWH) is an organization in Halifax, Nova Scotia devoted to improving the lives of women and children.  One of the most significant achievements of the LCWH was its 24-year struggle for women's right to vote (1894-1918). The core of the well trained and progressive leadership was five women: Anna Leonowens (famous for The King and I), Edith Archibald (who eventually became the leader of the National Council), Eliza Ritchie, Agnes Dennis (president from 1906–20) and May Sexton.  Halifax business man George Henry Wright left his home in his will to the LCWH, which the organization received after he died in the Titanic (1912).  Educator Alexander McKay also was a significant supporter of the Council.

Edith Archibald
Edith Jessie Archibald (7 April 1854 – 11 May 1936) was a Canadian suffragist and writer who led the Maritime Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), National Council of Women of Canada and the Local Council of Women of Halifax. For her many forms of social activism, she was referred to as the "Lady of Grace" by King George V, and she was designated a Person of National Historic Significance by the Government of Canada in 1997.
SS Okanagan
SS Okanagan was a steamship owned and operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway Lake and River Service. The vessel was constructed in 1906 at Okanagan Landing and launched in 1907, becoming Okanagan Lake's second steamship (after the SS Aberdeen). She linked the transportation hubs at both the north and south ends of Okanagan Lake (Vernon and Penticton, respectively, aiding the development of interior British Columbia with other steamships of the 1900s. The ship was retired in 1934 and sold for scrap and spare parts. Only the Stern Saloon, a room in the back of the upper deck, remains. It was moved to the SS Sicamous Heritage Park in Penticton in 2002, to undergo restoration work.

Penticton
Penticton (/pɛnˈtɪktən/ pen-TIK-tən) is a city in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada, situated between Okanagan and Skaha lakes. In the 2021 Canadian Census, its population was 36,885, while its census agglomeration population was 47,380.
Flatow (district)
The Flatow district was a district that existed from 1818 to 1945 in the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany. It belonged to the province of West Prussia until 1920. After World War I, the eastern portion of the district was ceded to Poland. The western portion of the district remained in Germany and became part of the Frontier March of Posen-West Prussia until 1938. The district then became part of the Province of Pomerania from 1938 to 1945. Today the territory of the Flatow district lies in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland.

Sępólno Krajeńskie
Sępólno Krajeńskie pronounced [sɛmˈpulnɔ kraˈjɛɲskʲɛ] is a town in northern Poland, in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Sępólno County (Powiat Sępoleński) and Gmina Sępólno Krajeńskie.

In 2016, it had a total population of 15,907 with an urban population of 9,258 and rural population of 6,649.
377th Bombardment Group
The 377th Bombardment Group was activated in October 1942 as the headquarters for antisubmarine units operating along the Atlantic coast of the United States.  Shortly after it was organized, Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command reorganized its squadrons in the area to reassign them directly to the 25th Antisubmarine Wing and the group was inactivated.  In 1985, the group was redesignated the 357th Tactical Missile Group.

Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command
The Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command was formed in the fall of 1942 to establish a single command to control antisubmarine warfare (ASW) activities of the Army Air Forces (AAF).  It was formed from the resources of I Bomber Command, which had been carrying out the antisubmarine mission in the Atlantic and Caribbean since the Attack on Pearl Harbor due to the lack of long range Naval aviation in that area.

The command's units conducted ASW along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, in the Caribbean Sea and in Europe, where it used bases in England and French Morocco.  Its operations were marked by disagreements between the AAF and the Navy concerning the conduct of air ASW.  In the fall of 1943, the ASW mission was transferred to the Navy and the command became a bomber training unit until it was inactivated in 1946.
Ghufayla Prayer
Ghufayla Prayer (Arabic: صلاة الغفیلة) is a famous Nafl Salah (supererogatory prayer) which consists of two Rakats that is done between Maghrib and Isha prayers as a Mustahab (recommended) prayer.

The word "ghufayla" is the diminutive noun of "ghaflah" (neglect) and it means small neglect. There are hadiths which mention this Salah as an efficient prayer in the requests of people from Allah being responded to and likewise person's sins being forgiven by Him.

Nafl prayer
In Islam, a nafl prayer, (Arabic: صلاة النفل, romanized: ṣalāt al-nafl, pl. nawafil) or optional prayer, is a type of a non-obligatory or supererogatory salah (ritual prayer). They are believed to give extra reward to the person performing them, similar to Sunnah prayers.

According to the following tradition (hadith), performing nafl prayers help one to draw closer to Allah and attain success in the afterlife:

Rabi'ah ibn Malik al-Aslami narrated that the Prophet said: "Ask."
Rabi'ah said: "I ask of you to be your companion in Paradise."
The Prophet said: "Or anything else?"
Rabi'ah said: "That is it."

The Prophet said: "Then help me by making many prostrations (i.e., nafl prayers)."