hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R28 (New York City Subway car)
The R28 was a New York City Subway car model built by American Car and Foundry (ACF) from 1960 to 1961. The cars were a "follow-up" or supplemental stock for the A Division's R26s and closely resemble them. The average car cost per R28 was $114,495. A total of 100 cars were built, arranged in married pairs.

The R28s entered service in late-1960 and received air conditioning by 1982. The fleet was rebuilt by Morrison–Knudsen between 1985 and 1987. The R28s were replaced in 2001 and 2002 with the delivery of the R142 and R142A cars with the last train running on October 7, 2002. After being retired, most R28s were sunk into the ocean as artificial reefs, but four cars have survived.

American Car and Foundry Company
ACF Industries, originally the American Car and Foundry Company (abbreviated as ACF), is an American manufacturer of railroad rolling stock. One of its subsidiaries was once (1925–54) a manufacturer of motor coaches and trolley coaches under the brand names of (first) ACF and (later) ACF-Brill. Today, the company is known as ACF Industries LLC and is based in St. Charles, Missouri. It is owned by investor Carl Icahn.
CamGlen Radio
CamGlen Radio  is a local radio station based in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It started broadcasting a full-time service on 19 March 2015.

The station plays both modern and older songs. It broadcasts on 107.9 FM to Rutherglen, Cambuslang and the surrounding area in South-East Glasgow and South Lanarkshire. It is also available through Wi-Fi radio and the internet.

Rutherglen
Rutherglen (/ˈrʌðərɡlɪn/; Scots: Ruglen, Scottish Gaelic: An Ruadh-Ghleann) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, immediately south-east of the city of Glasgow, three miles (five kilometres) from its centre and directly south of the River Clyde. Having previously existed as a separate Lanarkshire burgh, in 1975 Rutherglen lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow District within the Strathclyde region (along with neighbouring Cambuslang). In 1996 the towns were reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area.
Gefitinib
Gefitinib, sold under the brand name Iressa, is a medication used for certain breast, lung and other cancers. Gefitinib is an EGFR inhibitor, like erlotinib, which interrupts signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in target cells. Therefore, it is only effective in cancers with mutated and overactive EGFR, but resistances to gefitinib can arise through other mutations. It is marketed by AstraZeneca and Teva.

Gefitinib is a therapeutic alternative on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

Non-small-cell lung cancer
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-small-cell lung carcinoma, is a type of epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. As a class, non-small-cell lung cancers are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small-cell carcinoma. When possible, they are primarily treated by surgical resection with curative intent, although chemotherapy has been used increasingly both preoperatively (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and postoperatively (adjuvant chemotherapy).
Aberdeenshire Shield
The Aberdeenshire Shield, like the Aberdeenshire Cup, is a competition for football clubs in and around Aberdeenshire.

The winners are awarded the Fleming Shield, which was originally awarded to the winners of the Fleming Charity Shield competition - last played in 1929. The competition was first held in 1990–91 Highland Football League season and the winners were Cove Rangers.

The Aberdeenshire Shield was originally a secondary competition for clubs in the region not in membership of the SFL and SPL,  primarily clubs in the Highland League. However in recent years, teams such as Aberdeen, Peterhead, Banks O' Dee and Aberdeen University from the SPFL and North Region SJFA (now the North of Scotland League) have entered the competition. The final of the tournament is normally contested at a suitable neutral venue.

The current holders are Fraserburgh, who are also the most successful club overall, with eleven wins.

Fraserburgh F.C.
Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club based in Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. The fishing port is known locally as 'The Broch' hence the club nickname. They currently play in the Highland League in Scotland and also enter the annual Scottish Cup.
2025 European Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships
The 2025 European Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships, the 6th edition, was held in Budapest, Hungary, from September 19 to 21, 2025 at the Mészáros Ferenc Sportcsarnok.

The event was originally scheduled to take place in Belgrade in June, but was rescheduled and relocated due to unforeseen circumstances in Serbia. The competition was organized alongside the IFAGG Grand Prix and a B-category international competition, following adjustments made by the International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) to the event calendar.

European Aesthetic Group Gymnastics Championships
The Aesthetic Group Gymnastics European Championships are the european championships for the sport of aesthetic group gymnastics. Aesthetic Group Gymnastics is a discipline not currently recognized by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. European Championships are organized annually since 2016 by the International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG). Initially, the competition was organized every year, but then in 2018 they decided to organize it every two years. In 2020, the event was postponed to 2021 due to a COVID-19 pandemic.
Ferdinand van den Eynde, 1st Marquess of Castelnuovo
Ferdinand van den Eynde, 1st Marquess of Castelnuovo (mid-17th century – 1674) was an Italian nobleman and magnate of Flemish descent. He was the son of Jan van den Eynde, and the father of Elisabeth van den Eynde, Princess of Belvedere and Baroness of Gallicchio and Missanello and Jane (Giovanna) van den Eynde, Princess of Galatro and Sonnino. He should not be confused with his namesake and uncle Ferdinand van den Eynde.

Ferdinand van den Eynde
Ferdinand van den Eynde (early 17th century – 1630) was a Flemish art collector, art dealer and merchant. Ferdinand was part of the Van den Eynde family, and brother of the wealthy banker and merchant Jan van den Eynde. He should not be confused with the latter's son, Ferdinand. Ferdinand's collection included paintings by the likes of Pieter van Laer, Paul Bril, Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Miel. Ferdinand van den Eynde is also remembered for being the subject of Duquesnoy's Tomb of Ferdinand van den Eynde.
Charles Pratt (Askenootow)
Charles Cowley Pratt (c. 1816 – 1888), also known as Askenootow which means Worker of the earth in Cree, was an interpreter at the Treaty 4 negotiations at Fort Qu'Appelle in 1874 and 1875.

Pratt was born in about 1816 in the Qu'Appelle Valley, and was a member of a Cree-Assiniboine tribe. He attended the Church Missionary Society (CMS) school, which had been established by the  Revd. John West in what was then known as the Red River Colony in what is now the province of Manitoba. He attended school with Henry Budd and James Settee. He was given the name Charles Pratt in 1823 after he was baptized into the Church of England. He then became a catechist and lay preacher for the Church of England. He also worked as a boatman for the Hudson's Bay Company.

Pratt went on to work as a school teacher on the Gordon Indian Reserve in 1876 until his death in 1888.

James Settee
James Settee (circa 1809 - 19 March 1902), was of Swampy Cree descent. He was given the name James Settee when he was baptized 
in 1827. He was the second Native American ordained an Anglican priest; following Henry Budd. He married Sarah (Sally) Cook in 1835.  He was ordained an Anglican priest and spent his career ministering to First Nations people of Canada.  He was fluent in English, Cree and Ojibwe.
Archdiocese of Wellington
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wellington is the metropolitan archdiocese of New Zealand. Catholics number about 83,214 (2006 census). Parishes number 22 and the archdiocese extends over central New Zealand between Levin and Masterton in the north to Kaikoura to Westport in the south.

The suffragan sees are:

Auckland

Christchurch

Dunedin

Hamilton, New Zealand

Palmerston North

John Dew (cardinal)
John Atcherley Dew (born 5 May 1948) is a New Zealand Catholic bishop. He was the sixth Archbishop of Wellington and the Metropolitan of New Zealand, serving from 2005 until 2023. He was also created a cardinal by Pope Francis in 2015.
Division of Chisholm
The Division of Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm) is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria located in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne. The Division was created in 1949 and is named after Caroline Chisholm, a social worker and promoter of women's immigration. The Division is an Inner Metropolitan area.

The Division's current MP is Carina Garland of the Australian Labor Party. The constituency is considered a key marginal constituency targeted by both Labor and the Liberal Party of Australia.

Caroline Chisholm
Caroline Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm; born Caroline Jones; 30 May 1808 – 25 March 1877) was an English humanitarian known mostly for her support of immigrant female and family welfare in Australia. She is commemorated on 16 May in the calendar of saints of the Church of England. Her path to sainthood within the Catholic Church has commenced; she had converted to Catholicism around the time of her marriage and reared her children as Catholic.
Retroversion of sovereignty to the people
The Retroversion of sovereignty to the people, which challenged the legitimacy of the colonial authorities, was the principle underlying the self-government temporarily in the absence of the legitimate king.

But, in both Spain and Spanish America, this principle was replaced by the concept of popular sovereignty, currently expressed in most constitutional systems throughout the world, whereby the people delegate governmental functions in their leaders and retaining the sovereignty. This was the principle underlying the Spanish American Independence processes

Popular sovereignty
Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Popular sovereignty, being a principle, does not imply any particular political implementation. Benjamin Franklin expressed the concept when he wrote that "In free governments, the rulers are the servants and the people their superiors and sovereigns".
2008–09 Gamma Ethniki
The 2008–09 Gamma Ethniki was the 26th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. It started on September 14, 2008 and finished on May 3, 2009. 36 teams contest the league, divided into two groups of 18 clubs each, using certain geographical criteria. 23 of the participant clubs have contested in the 2007-08 season, 3 of them have been relegated from Beta Ethniki, while 10 of them have been promoted from Delta Ethniki. Last season's champions of North Group were Kavala, and Diagoras of South Group.

2007–08 Gamma Ethniki
The 2007–08 Gamma Ethniki was the 25th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. It started on September 23, 2007 and ended on June 8, 2008. Diagoras and Kavala were crowned champions in South and North Groups, respectively, thus winning promotion to Beta Ethniki. The third promotion ticket was gained by Anagennisi Karditsa, second-placed in North Group, after the win against Ilioupoli, second-placed in South, to the single play-off match which was held on June 14, 2008, at Georgios Kamaras Stadium.

Prosotsani, Polykastro, A.E. Giannena and Doxa Drama from North Group, and Thyella Patras, Messiniakos, Panegialios, Acharnaikos and Thiva from South were relegated to Delta Ethniki.
Lakeside, Cape Town
Lakeside is a residential suburb of Cape Town, South Africa, located in the city's Southern Suburbs. It is situated about 22 kilometres south of the Cape Town CBD. The suburb is located to the south of Westlake and to the north of Muizenberg. Its name is derived from its close proximity to the Sandvlei wetland, which is a part of the Zandvlei Estuary Nature Reserve.

The Lakeside Centre, a small retail centre, is located within the suburb.

Muizenberg
Muizenberg (/ˈmjuːzənbɜːrɡ/ MEW-zən-burg, Dutch for 'mice mountain') is a beachside suburb and former town, situated in the Cape Flats region of Cape Town, South Africa.

Located where the shore of the Cape Peninsula curves round to the east on the False Bay coast, Muizenberg is considered to be the main surfing spot in Cape Town, and is home to a surfing community centered on the popular "Surfer's Corner".
Massawa
Massawa or Mitsiwa (/məˈsɑːwə/ mə-SAH-wə) is a port city in the Northern Red Sea region of Eritrea, located on the Red Sea at the northern end of the Gulf of Zula beside the Dahlak Archipelago. It has been a historically important port for many centuries. Massawa has been ruled or occupied by a succession of polities during its history, including the Dahlak Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire, the Khedivate of Egypt and the Kingdom of Italy.

Massawa was the capital of the Italian Colony of Eritrea until the seat of the colonial government was moved to Asmara in 1897.

Massawa has an average temperature of nearly 30 °C (86.0 °F), which is one of the highest experienced in the world, and is "one of the hottest marine coastal areas in the world."

Zula
Zula is a small town in central Eritrea. It is situated near the head of Annesley Bay (also known as the Gulf of Zula), on the Red Sea coast. Four kilometers away is the archeological site of Adulis, which was an emporium and the port of Axum.
Mutsuhiro Watanabe
Sergeant Mutsuhiro Watanabe (渡邊睦裕, Watanabe Mutsuhiro; 18 January 1918 – 1 April 2003), nicknamed "The Bird" by his prisoners, was a Japanese soldier who served in several prisoner-of-war camps during World War II. Infamous for his mistreatment of Allied prisoners of war, after the surrender of Japan in 1945 American occupational authorities classified Watanabe as a war criminal for his mistreatment and torture of POWs, but he managed to elude arrest and was never tried in court.

Unbroken (book)
Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption is a 2010 non-fiction book by Laura Hillenbrand.  Unbroken is a biography of World War II veteran Louis Zamperini, a former Olympic track star who survived a plane crash in the Pacific Theater, spent 47 days drifting on a raft, and then survived more than two and a half years as a prisoner of war (POW) in three Japanese POW camps.

Unbroken spent more than four years on The New York Times best seller list, including 14 weeks at number one. It is the 5th longest-running nonfiction best seller of all time.
Raigam Tele'es Best Television Current Affairs Award
The Raigam Tele'es Best Television Current Affairs Award is a Raigam Tele'es award presented annually in Sri Lanka by the Kingdom of Raigam companies for the best Sri Lankan television current affairs show of the year.

The award was first given in 2005.

Raigam Tele'es
Raigam Tele'es (Sinhala: රයිගම් ටෙලි සම්මාන) is an award bestowed to distinguished individuals involved with Sri Lanka's television screen, each year by the Kingdom of Raigam, Sri Lanka, in recognition of the various contributions made by them to the Sri Lankan teledrama industry, television programs, and media sector in the preceding year. The Raigam Tele'es is one of the most popular television program events in Sri Lanka. The awards were first introduced in 2005 and have been continuously undertaken with one interruption in 2021.
Blekholmsbron
Blekholmsbron (Swedish: "Bridge of Bleaching Islet") is a pedestrian bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden. Stretching over Klara Sjö, it connects Norrmalm to Kungsholmen.

The bridge is about 55 metres long between the abutments, of which some 32 metres passes over water with a horizontal clearance of 3,3 metres.

It is named after Blekholmen ("The Bleaching Islet"),  a small islet once located in Klara Sjö until continuous landfilling made it part of Norrmalm during the 18th century.  This name dates from at least the 17th century and is most likely referring to the fabrics laid out for bleaching on the islet.

Other nearby bridges include: Kungsbron, Sankt Eriksbron, Stadshusbron, and Klarabergsviadukten.

Stadshusbron
Stadshusbron (Swedish: "The City Hall Bridge"), formerly known as Nya Kungsholmsbron ("The New Kungsholm Bridge") is a bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden located just north of the Stockholm City Hall.  Stretching over Klara sjö ("Lake Klara"), it connects mainland Norrmalm on the eastern shore to the island Kungsholmen on the western shore.

Strong population growth on Kungsholmen caused a first bridge to be built on the location in 1669–1672.  It was a 500 metres long pontoon bridge forming an angle on the southern side of the strait, at the time presumably the longest bridge in Europe.  It was rebuilt first in 1709 and a second time in 1766–1772.  By that time, however, the strait had been made considerably narrower by land fillings.  The original bridge was replaced by a steel swing bridge in 1868.  In connection to the construction of the City Hall in 1917–1919, the present 19 metres wide double-leafed drawbridge was  built.  The drawbridge was finally closed in 1949.
Rhodium carbonyl chloride
Rhodium carbonyl chloride is an organorhodium compound with the formula Rh2Cl2(CO)4.  It is a red-brown volatile solid that is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It is a precursor to other rhodium carbonyl complexes, some of which are useful in homogeneous catalysis.

Organorhodium chemistry
Organorhodium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a rhodium-carbon chemical bond, and the study of rhodium and rhodium compounds as catalysts in organic reactions.

Stable organorhodium compounds and transient organorhodium intermediates are used as catalyst such as in olefin hydroformylation, olefin hydrogenation, olefin isomerization and the Monsanto process.
Kakegawa Castle
Kakegawa Castle (掛川城, Kakegawa-jō) is a hirayama-style Japanese castle. It was the seat of various fudai daimyō clans who ruled over Kakegawa Domain, Tōtōmi Province, in what is now central Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Kakegawa, Shizuoka
Kakegawa (掛川市, Kakegawa-shi) is a city in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 10 October 2019,  the city had an estimated population of 117,925 in 45,519 households. The total area of the city is 265.69 square kilometres (102.58 sq mi).
Ching Ho Estate
Ching Ho Estate (Chinese: 清河邨) is a public housing estate located in Sheung Shui, New Territories, Hong Kong near Elegantia College, Tsang Mui Millennium School and Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Ma Kam Chan Memorial Primary School (Main Campus). The estate is developed into three phases, with a total of 8 "New Harmony" residential buildings and a shopping centre. Phase 3 consists of three blocks completed in 2007 while Phases 1 and 2 consist of a total of five blocks and a shopping centre completed in 2008.

Sheung Shui
Sheung Shui (Chinese: 上水; Jyutping: soeng6 seoi2, literally "Above-water") is an area in New Territories, Hong Kong. Sheung Shui Town, a part of this area, is part of Fanling–Sheung Shui New Town in North District of Hong Kong. Fanling Town is to its southeast.
Camden Park Estate
The Camden Park Estate incorporating the Belgenny Farm is a heritage-listed large working historical farm located at Elizabeth Macarthur Avenue, in the outer south-western Sydney suburb of Camden South, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Henry Kitchen in c. 1800, John Verge in c. 1835 and A. J. Onslow in c. 1888 and built from 1819 to 1840 by John Macarthur in c. 1800, James English and Sons in c. 1888 and John Sulman c. 1895. The property is owned by Belgenny Farm Trust and Camden Park Preservation Committee. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 22 December 2006. Today, part of the original estate contains the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute; having originally served as a commercial sheep station and horticultural farm for the Macarthur family since the early 1800s.

Camden South
Camden South is a suburb of the Macarthur Region of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia in Camden Council. It is to the immediate south of Camden, New South Wales and shares the same postcode 2570.
.450 Nitro Express
.450 Nitro Express also known as the .450 Nitro Express 31⁄4-inch is a rifle cartridge designed for hunting dangerous game such as elephant, rhino, cape buffalo, lion, and leopard. This cartridge is used almost exclusively in double rifles for hunting in the tropics or hot climates in general and is associated with the Golden Age of African safaris and Indian shikars.

Nitro Express
The Nitro Express (NE) series of cartridges are used in large-bore hunting rifles, also known as elephant guns or express rifles, but later came to include smaller bore high velocity (for the time) British cartridges.
Bert Acosta
Bertrand Blanchard Acosta (January 1, 1895 – September 1, 1954) was a record-setting aviator and test pilot. He and Clarence D. Chamberlin set an endurance record of 51 hours, 11 minutes, and 25 seconds in the air. He later flew in the Spanish Civil War in the Yankee Squadron. He was known as the "bad boy of the air". He received numerous fines and suspensions for flying stunts such as flying under bridges or flying too close to buildings.

Wright-Bellanca WB-2
The Wright-Bellanca WB-2, was a high wing monoplane aircraft designed by Giuseppe Mario Bellanca, initially for Wright Aeronautical then later Columbia Aircraft Corp.

Based on its all-wood forerunner, the 
Wright-Bellanca WB-1, only one was produced, variously named Columbia, Miss Columbia, and later Maple Leaf.  The WB  was the second in a series of designs by Bellanca, following his prior fabric-covered all-wood CE biplane.
David Minge
David Raymond Minge (/ˈmɪŋi/ MING-ee; born March 19, 1942) is an American former judge and politician. David Minge served as a judge on the Minnesota Court of Appeals from 2002 until retiring at the end of March 2012. Previously, Minge was a Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party member of the United States House of Representatives serving in the 103rd, 104th, 105th, and 106th congresses, from 1993–2001, representing Minnesota's 2nd congressional district.

Montevideo, Minnesota
Montevideo (/ˌmɒntəˈvɪdioʊ/ MON-tə-VID-ee-oh) is a city in and the county seat of Chippewa County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 5,398 at the 2020 census.

The area around Montevideo was populated by Native Americans and fur traders during the first half of the 19th century. After the Dakota War of 1862, the US government opened the area to homesteaders. Railroads were built, and settlers followed, including Civil War veterans, Norwegians, Germans, Swedes, Dutch, and Irish. Montevideo was incorporated in 1879.