hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otterøy Church
Otterøy Church (Norwegian: Otterøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Skomsvoll on the island of Otterøya. It is the church for the Otterøy parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal shape with a style reminiscent of the old stave churches. The building was constructed in 1858 using plans drawn up by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church seats about 350 people.

Skomsvoll
Skomsvoll is a village on the island of Otterøya in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the south side of the island, along the Namsenfjorden. The village of Statland lies across the fjord from Skomsvoll, with the island of Hoddøya nearby. The main church for the island, Otterøy Church is located in Skomsvoll.
Waitōtara
Waitōtara is a town in South Taranaki, New Zealand. Waverley is 10 km to the north-west, and Whanganui is 34 km to the south-east. State Highway 3 passes through it. The Waitōtara River flows past the east side of the town.

More than 30 homes were evacuated during flooding in February 2004.

A local freezing works is a major employer.

In April 2025 the 104-year old Waitotara Hotel, which was also used as a grocery story and postal centre, was devastated by a fire.

Waitōtara River
The Waitōtara River in New Zealand's North Island stretches approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) in length from its headwaters in the Matemateāonga Range to its mouth on the South Taranaki Bight.  The river takes in significant tributaries such as the Ngutuwera, Makakaho, Pokeka, Omaru and Totara Streams.
1818–19 United States Senate elections
The 1818–19 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party gained two seats.  The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

16th United States Congress
The 16th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency.  The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Sport in Uzbekistan
Sports in Uzbekistan includes sports that are played worldwide, such as football, boxing, wrestling, futsal, and judo, as well as sports that originate in the country such as kurash, which is a type of upright wrestling, belbogli kurash, turon, and boyqurgan. Uzbekistan has hosted the 2024 FIFA Futsal World Cup.

Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.
Classical modal logic
In modal logic, a classical modal logic L is any modal logic containing (as axiom or theorem scheme) the duality of the modal operators

that is also closed under the (primitive or admissible) rule

Alternatively, one can give a dual definition of the classicality of L by which it is if and only if it contains (as axiom or theorem scheme)

and is closed under the (primitive or admissible) rule

The weakest classical system is sometimes referred to as E and is non-normal. Both algebraic and neighborhood semantics characterize familiar classical modal systems that are weaker than the weakest normal modal logic K.

Every regular modal logic is classical, and every normal modal logic is regular and hence classical.

Regular modal logic
In modal logic, a regular modal logic is a modal logic containing (as axiom or theorem) the duality of the modal operators:

and closed under the rule

Every normal modal logic is regular, and every regular modal logic is classical.
Santa Susanna, Rome
The Church of Saint Susanna at the Baths of Diocletian (Italian: Chiesa di Santa Susanna alle Terme di Diocleziano) is a Catholic parish and Cistercian conventual church located on the Quirinal Hill in Rome, Italy. There has been a titular church associated to its site as far back as AD 280. The current church was rebuilt between 1585 and 1603 for a community of Cistercian nuns founded on the site in 1587 and still based there.

The church served as the national parish for residents of Rome from the United States from 1921 to 2017, during which period the pastoral work of the parish was assigned to the Paulist Fathers, a society of priests founded in the United States. The Paulist Fathers' ministry to United States Catholics subsequently moved to San Patrizio (Saint Patrick).

Felicitas of Rome
Felicitas of Rome (c. 101 – 165), also anglicized as Felicity, is a saint numbered among the Christian martyrs. Apart from her name, the only thing known for certain about this martyr is that she was buried in the Cemetery of Maximus, on the Via Salaria on a 23 November. However, a legend presents her as the mother of the seven martyrs whose feast is celebrated on 10 July. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates their martyrdom on 25 January.

The legend of Saint Symphorosa is very similar and their acts may have been confused. She was a patron saint of healing. They may even be the same person. This Felicitas is not the same as the North African Felicitas who was martyred with Perpetua.
David Miller (director)
David Miller (November 28, 1909 – April 14, 1992) was an American film director who directed varied films such as Billy the Kid (1941) with Robert Taylor and Brian Donlevy, Flying Tigers (1943) with John Wayne, and Love Happy (1949) with the Marx Brothers.

Emanuel Levy wrote in 2009 that Lonely are the Brave (1962), starring Kirk Douglas, "is the most accomplished film of David Miller, who directs with eloquent feeling for landscape and attention to character." Others feel that Miller's best is his 1952 noir thriller and Joan Crawford vehicle Sudden Fear co-starring Jack Palance and Gloria Grahame. Sudden Fear was nominated for four Academy Awards for Best Actress (Crawford), Best Actor (Palance), Best Costume Design and Best Cinematography by Charles Lang but was a box office failure.

Sudden Fear
Sudden Fear is a 1952 American film noir thriller film starring Joan Crawford and Jack Palance in a tale about a successful woman who marries a murderous man. Directed by David Miller, the screenplay by Lenore J. Coffee and Robert Smith was based upon the novel of the same name by Edna Sherry.
Climping
Climping (also spelt as Clymping) is a village and civil parish containing agricultural and natural sandy land in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. The parish also contains the coastal hamlet of Atherington. It is three miles (5 km) west of Littlehampton, just north of the A259 road.

Arun District
Arun is a local government district in West Sussex, England. Its council is based in Littlehampton. The district's other towns are Arundel and Bognor Regis. The district is named after the River Arun, which runs through the centre of the district. Parts of the district fall within the South Downs National Park.

The district is on the coast, facing the English Channel. The neighbouring districts are Chichester, Horsham, Adur and Worthing.
MLW Reload
MLW Reload was a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which took place on September 26, 2002 at the Manhattan Center in New York, New York.

Nine professional wrestling matches were taped at the event, with seven matches being featured on the Reload home video release and one match aired on Underground. The vacant MLW World Heavyweight Championship was decided in the main event between a match between Jerry Lynn and Satoshi Kojima, which Kojima won. Other prominent matches on the card featured Taiyo Kea defeating Sabu to become the #1 contender for the World Heavyweight Championship, Steve Corino defeating The Sandman and Vampiro in a Three-Way Street Fight and Terry Funk defeating Chris Candido.

The event's name was later used in 2024 for a TV special featuring matches taped at the Kings of Colosseum event, which was held on January 6 of that year.

Kings of Colosseum (2024)
Kings of Colosseum (2024) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view
event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW). It took place on January 6, 2024, at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and streamed live on Triller TV (formally known as FITE). It was the fourth event under the Kings of Colosseum chronology.

Additional matches were taped for "MLW Reload," a TV special named after the 2002 event, which aired on BeIN Sports USA and MLW's YouTube channel on January 20.
Tung Chung New Town
Tung Chung New Town, formerly named North Lantau New Town, is the newest of the nine new towns in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China, located on the northern coast of the Lantau Island in the New Territories. It covers Tung Chung, Tai Ho Wan, Siu Ho Wan, other parts of northeast Lantau Island, and the reclaimed land along the coast between them. It is the only new town in the Islands District and the youngest new town in Hong Kong. As the commercial, residential and community facilities in the New Town are concentrated in Tung Chung, it has been renamed Tung Chung New Town in recent official government documents.

The development of North Lantau was first proposed in the late 1970s when the government proposed to build a new airport at Chek Lap Kok. In the North Lantau Development Investigation Study published in 1983, the idea of building a new town of nearly 300,000 people in Tung Chung and Tai Ho along the coast of North Lantau was proposed.

Lantau Island
Lantau Island (also Lantao Island, Lan Tao or Lan Tau) is the largest island in Hong Kong. Located west of Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, it is part of the New Territories. Administratively, most of Lantau Island is part of the Islands District of Hong Kong. A small northeastern portion of the island is located in the Tsuen Wan District.

Originally an island with fishing villages, it has been developed since the late 20th century with the construction of Tung Chung New Town on its north-western coast and the completion of several major infrastructure projects, including Lantau Link (1997), Hong Kong International Airport (1998), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005), and the Ngong Ping 360 gondola lift (2006).
Food Standards Agency
The Food Standards Agency is a non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for protecting public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It is led by a board appointed to act in the public interest. Its headquarters are in London, with offices in Birmingham, York, Cardiff and Belfast. Its counterpart in Scotland is Food Standards Scotland.

Non-ministerial government department
Non-ministerial government departments, also called non-ministerial departments (NMDs), are a type of department of the United Kingdom government that deal with matters for which direct political oversight has been judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are typically headed by senior civil servants. Some fulfil a regulatory or inspection function, and their status is therefore intended to protect them from political interference.  Some are headed by a permanent office holder, such as a Permanent Secretary or Second Permanent Secretary.
Henry Friedlander
Henry Egon Friedlander (24 September 1930 – 17 October 2012) was a German-American Jewish historian of the Holocaust who was noted for his arguments in favor of broadening the scope of casualties of the Holocaust.

Born in Berlin, Germany, to a Jewish family, Friedlander moved to the United States in 1947 as a survivor of Auschwitz, obtaining his BA in history at Temple University in 1953 and his MA and PhD at the University of Pennsylvania in 1954 and 1968.

From 1975 until his retirement in 2001, Friedlander served as a professor in the department of Judaic studies at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.

Yehuda Bauer
Yehuda Bauer (Hebrew: יהודה באואר; 6 April 1926 – 18 October 2024) was a Czech-born Israeli historian and scholar of the Holocaust. He was a professor of Holocaust studies at the Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca
Club Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca is an Argentine sports club based in Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires Province. The club is best known for its basketball team, that currently played in the main levels of Argentina, including Campeonato Argentino and Liga Nacional de Básquet (LNB). Estudiantes is nicknamed Albo (in English: "White") for the traditional white color of its uniform. The team currently competes in "Asociación Bahiense", the regional league of Bahía Blanca.

Manu Ginóbili (notable former player of NBA's San Antonio Spurs) played for Estudiantes prior to moving to the Italian league in 1998.

Apart from basketball, other activities at the club are gymnastics, handball, judo, karate, volleyball and yoga.

Pepe Sánchez (basketball)
Juan Ignacio Sánchez Brown (born May 8, 1977), commonly known as Pepe Sánchez, is an Argentine former professional basketball player. He played at the point guard position. He was a part of Argentina's 2004 Olympic gold medal team and was the first Argentine to play in the NBA. He played two seasons in the NBA, playing in a total of 38 games with the Philadelphia 76ers (24 games), Atlanta Hawks (5 games), and the Detroit Pistons (9 games), averaging only 5 minutes per game.
USS Samson
USS Samson was a steamer acquired by the Union Army at the start of the American Civil War for usage in  the United States Ram Fleet in the Mississippi River and its tributaries.

She was transferred to the Union Navy in 1862 who continued her service on the Mississippi River. She was used as a tugboat and as a ship’s tender which provided machine shop services to the ships in the fleet.

United States Ram Fleet
The United States Ram Fleet was a Union army unit of steam powered ram ships during the American Civil War.  The unit was independent of the Union army and Navy and reported directly to the Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton.  The ram fleet operated in coordination with the Mississippi River Squadron during the Union brown-water navy campaign against the Confederate River Defense Fleet for control of the Mississippi River and its tributaries.

The unit was created and led by Colonel Charles Ellet Jr. until his death due to a wound received during the First Battle of Memphis.  Command of the unit went to Charles Ellet Jr.'s brother, Alfred W. Ellet.  The unit became part of the Mississippi Marine Brigade led by Alfred W. Ellet and command of the Ram Fleet was given to his nephew Charles Rivers Ellet and then to his nephew John A. Ellet.  The unit was subsequently transferred to Union army command and disbanded in 1864.
Minami-Otari Station
Minami-Otari Station (南小谷駅, Minami-Otari-eki) is a railway station on the Ōito Line in the village of Otari, Kitaazumi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The station is numbered "9". The station is on the electrical borderline of the JR East and JR West systems and operations are shared between the two companies. The section north of this station, operated by JR West is not electrified and all JR East services terminate here.

Prior to the March 15, 2025 timetable revision, one round-trip Azusa service per day (train numbers 5 and 46) also started and terminated at Minami-Otari. This train now only runs to Hakuba.

Otari, Nagano
Otari (小谷村, Otari-mura) is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2018, the village had an estimated population of 2,914 in 1251 households, and a population density of 11 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 267.91 square kilometres (103.44 sq mi).
Alabama State Route 44
State Route 44 (SR 44) is a 10.015-mile-long (16.118 km) state highway in Marion County, Alabama in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Alabama. The southern terminus of the highway is at its intersection with US 43/SR 118 at Guin. The highway’s eastern terminus is at its intersection with SR 129 at Brilliant.

U.S. Route 43
U.S. Route 43 (US 43) is a 410-mile-long (660 km) north–south United States Highway in the Southern states of Alabama and Tennessee. It travels from Prichard, Alabama, to Columbia, Tennessee. The highway's southern terminus is in Prichard, at an intersection with US 90, and its northern terminus is in Columbia at an intersection with US 31/US 412/US 412 Bus.

In Alabama and Tennessee, all of the U.S. Highways in each state have one or more unsigned state highways designated along its length. US 43 travels concurrently with Alabama State Route 13 (SR 13) from its southern terminus to an intersection in southeastern Fayette County. For the rest of its length in the state, US 43 is concurrent with signed state highways. In Tennessee, US 43 travels concurrently with Tennessee State Route 6 (SR 6) along its entire length in the state. It also has an unsigned concurrency with SR 227 between Saint Joseph and Loretto.
Not by Its Cover
"Not by Its Cover" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick, a "loose sequel" to his first published science fiction short story, "Beyond Lies the Wub". The story continues the former's theme of immortality, although not focusing on a living Wub itself, but rather its fur.

Beyond Lies the Wub
"Beyond Lies the Wub" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick.  It was his first published genre story, originally appearing in Planet Stories in July  1952. It was first collected in The Preserving Machine in 1969, and was included in The Best of Philip K. Dick in 1977. It was the title story for the first volume of the original edition of Dick's collected stories. Translations of "Beyond Lies the Wub" have appeared in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Polish and Spanish; and the story has been included in more than a dozen anthologies.
Olloqulixon Madrasa
The Olloqulixon Madrasa or Alla Kouli Khan Madrasa is an architectural monument in Khiva (1834–35). The construction of the madrasa is related to the historical development of the ensemble near the Itchan Kala. The madrasa is located in the eastern part of the Itchan Kala. It is built in the style of a double madrasa, connected with the Ollo-qulixon Tim, the Khojamberdibiy Madrasa, and the Polvon Gate. The Olloqulixon Madrasa is built on an artificial hill (3 m high), which makes it look taller than the neighboring buildings.

Khojamberdibi Madrasah
Khojamberdibi Madrasah is an architectural monument in the city of Khiva, Khorazm Region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The monument was built in 1688 and rebuilt in 1834. It is in the Itchan Kala.

In 2019 the Cabinet of Uzbekistan included it in the national list of sites of tangible cultural heritage and it received state protection.
Taihei Genpō
Taihei Genpō (大平元宝) (aka: 大平󠄁元寶) is an early form of Japanese silver currency which is recorded in the Shoku Nihongi of the Nara period. Historical documents confirm that this coinage was established in the 4th year of Tenpyō-hōji, along with copper Mannen Tsuho and gold Kaiki Shoho coins. While their history is confirmed, no actual genuine coins have ever been found.

Japanese currency
Japanese currency has a history covering the period from the 8th century CE to the present. After the traditional usage of rice as a currency medium, Japan adopted currency systems and designs from China before developing a separate system of its own.
Engesvang
Engesvang is a town with a population of 2,190 (1 January 2025), in Ikast-Brande Municipality, Denmark. It is located 58 km north of Vejle, 5 km northeast of Bording and 33 km south of Viborg. The road between Vejle and Viborg (Danish national road 13) crosses the Aarhus-Herning motorway on a bridge 4 km south of Engesvang, just south of the small village of Pårup.

The town is a railway town between Silkeborg and Ikast, served by Engesvang railway station on the Skanderborg–Skjern railway line.

Engesvang Church, build in 1897, is located in the original village of Engesvang Kirkeby on the northwestern outskirts of the town.

Engesvang is located just west of Bølling Lake a shallow lake used extensively for recreation.

Pårup
Pårup is a small village, with a population of 239 (1 January 2025), in Ikast-Brande Municipality, Central Denmark Region in Denmark. It is located between Silkeborg and Ikast 3 km south of Engesvang.

Pårup Kro (Pårup Inn) is located in the village.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1258
United Nations Security Council resolution 1258, adopted unanimously on 6 August 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 1234 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised the deployment of military liaison personnel to the capitals of the signatories of the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement
The Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement attempted to end the Second Congo War through a ceasefire, release of prisoners of war, and the deployment of an international peacekeeping force under the auspices of the United Nations. The heads of state of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe signed the agreement in Lusaka, Zambia, on July 10, 1999.: 214
Amphoterism
In chemistry, an amphoteric compound (from Greek  amphoteros 'both') is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used.

Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (or aluminium(III) oxide) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium oxide. It is commonly called alumina and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, ALOX or alundum in various forms and applications. Alumina is refined from bauxite. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-Al2O3 as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire, which have an alumina content approaching 100%. Al2O3 is used as feedstock to produce aluminium metal, as an abrasive owing to its hardness, and as a refractory material owing to its high melting point.