hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tanager
The tanagers (singular /ˈtænədʒər/) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

Traditionally, the family contained around 240 species of mostly brightly colored fruit-eating birds. As more of these birds were studied using modern molecular techniques, it became apparent that the traditional families were not monophyletic. Euphonia and Chlorophonia, which were once considered part of the tanager family, are now treated as members of the Fringillidae, in their own subfamily (Euphoniinae). Likewise, the genera Piranga (which includes the scarlet tanager, summer tanager, and western tanager), Chlorothraupis, and Habia appear to be members of the family Cardinalidae, and have been reassigned to that family by the American Ornithological Society.

Euphonia
Euphonias are members of the genus Euphonia, a group of Neotropical birds in the finch family. They and the chlorophonias comprise the subfamily Euphoniinae.

The genus name comes from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû), meaning "well, "good", and φωνή (phōnḗ), meaning "sound", and thus, "of good sound", due to the pleasing calls of the bird.

Most male euphonias are dark metallic blue above and bright yellow below. Many have contrasting pale foreheads and white undertails. Some have light blue patches on the head and/or orangish underparts. Females much more plain, predominantly olive-green all over.  They range in overall length from 9 to 11 cm (3+1⁄2 to 4+1⁄2 in). They eat small fruit and berries, particularly mistletoe (Loranthaceae). Some species may also eat some insects.
Werner Maihofer
Werner Maihofer OMRI (20 October 1918 – 6 October 2009) was a German jurist and legal philosopher. He served as Germany's Federal Minister of the Interior from 1974 to 1978 until he resigned after a scandal involving an illegal wiretapping of Klaus Traube.

Klaus Traube
Klaus Traube (25 February 1928 – 4 September 2016) was a German engineer and former manager in the German nuclear power industry and one of its leading opponents. He was the victim of an illegal eavesdropping operation by the BfV (the German domestic intelligence service), because he was falsely suspected of passing on secret information to people sympathizing with terrorism, notably the Red Army Faction.
Redan, Georgia
Redan is an unincorporated community and  census-designated place (CDP) in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP had a total population of 31,749. It is a predominantly African American community in eastern DeKalb County, and is a suburb of Atlanta.

According to tradition, the name "Redan" is an amalgamation of the names of two early settlers: N. M. Reid and Annie Alford. Redan High School is located in Redan CDP, and Lithonia High School was formerly in the Redan CDP.

Lithonia High School
Lithonia High School is a public high school located in Stonecrest, Georgia, United States, near Lithonia. A part of the DeKalb County School District, it serves 1,450 students in grades 9–12.  Darrick McCray is the current principal. The school offers many clubs and extracurricular activities, including book club, Men of Distinction, Future Business Leaders of America, robotics, marching band, and chorus. Sports include baseball, football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, golf, tennis, soccer, track, gymnastics, cheerleading, softball, and wrestling.

The school was formerly in the Redan census-designated place.

As of the 2013–2014 school year, students at Lithonia High are required to wear school uniforms.

In 2014, 2015 and 2016, Lithonia was recognized for having a Gates Millennium Scholar.
Glossary of North American railway terms
This article contains a list of terms, jargon, and slang used to varying degrees by railfans and railroad employees in the United States and Canada. Although not exhaustive, many of the entries in this list appear from time to time in specialist, rail-related publications. Inclusion of a term in this list does not necessarily imply its universal adoption by all railfans and railroad employees, and there may be significant regional variation in usage.

Railfan
A railfan, train fan, rail buff or train buff (American English), railway enthusiast, railway buff, anorak (British English), gunzel (Australian English), trainspotter (British English) or ferroequinologist is a person who is recreationally interested in trains and rail transport systems.

Railfans often combine their interest with other hobbies, especially photography and videography, radio scanning, railway modelling, studying railroad history and participating in railway station and rolling stock preservation efforts. There are many magazines and websites dedicated to railfanning and railway enthusiasts, including Trains, Railfan & Railroad, The Railway Magazine, Locomotive Magazine and Railway Gazette International.
Aksana Drahun
Aksana Drahun (Belarusian: Аксана Драгун; born May 19, 1981), a.k.a. Oksana Dragun, is a Belarusian sprinter, who specializes in the 100 metres. Her personal best time is 11.28 seconds, achieved in July 2005 in Minsk.

Drahun won a bronze medal in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics together with Yulia Nestsiarenka, Natallia Solohub and Alena Neumiarzhitskaya. At the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg she won a bronze medal in 4 × 100 m relay with Nestsiarenka, Natallia Safronnikava and Neumiarzhitskaya.

Drahun represented Belarus at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 4 × 100 m relay together with Nestsiarenka, Nastassia Shuliak and Anna Bagdanovich. In their first round heat they placed sixth with a time of 43.69 seconds, which was the 9th time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result they failed to qualify for the final.

Anna Bagdanovich
Hanna Bahdanovich (Belarusian: Ганна Багдановіч; born October 14, 1983), also transliterated as Anna Bagdanovich, is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Belarus.

Bahdanovich represented Belarus at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. She competed at the 4 × 100 metres relay together with Yuliya Nestsiarenka, Aksana Drahun and Nastassia Shuliak. In their first round heat they placed sixth with a time of 43.69 seconds, which was the 9th time overall out of sixteen participating nations. With this result they failed to qualify for the final.
Tattwabodhini Sabha
The Tattwabodhinī Sabhā (/ˌtætwəboʊˈdiːni/; Bengali: তত্ত্ববোধিনী সভা; lit. 'truth-seeking society') was a group founded in Calcutta in 1839 as a splinter group of the Brahmo Samaj, reformers of Hinduism and Indian Society. The founding member was Debendranath Tagore, previously of the Brahmo Samaj, eldest son of influential entrepreneur Dwarkanath Tagore, and eventually father to renowned polymath Rabindranath Tagore. In 1859, the Tattwabodhinī Sabhā were dissolved back into the Brāhmo Samāj by Debendranath Tagore.

Debendranath Tagore
Debendranath Tagore (15 May 1817 – 19 January 1905; birth name: Debendronath Thakur) was an Indian philosopher and religious reformer, active in the Brahmo Samaj (earlier called Brahmo Sabha) ("Society of Brahma", also translated as Society of God). He joined Brahmo samaj in 1842. He was the founder in 1848 of the Brahmo religion, which today is synonymous with Brahmoism. Born in Shilaidaha, his father was the industrialist Dwarakanath Tagore; many of his 14 children, including Nobel Prize winning poet Rabindranath Tagore, made significant artistic or literary contributions to society.
Olivia Dean
Olivia Lauryn Dean (born 14 March 1999) is an English singer and songwriter. Her accolades include four Brit Awards and a Grammy Award.

After signing to EMI in 2019, Dean released her debut album Messy (2023), which received critical acclaim and a nomination for the Mercury Prize. She achieved global recognition with her second album The Art of Loving (2025), which topped the UK Albums chart and yielded the UK number one single "Man I Need". Together with the singles "Nice to Each Other", "So Easy (To Fall in Love)", and "Rein Me In", Dean became the first female solo artist to simultaneously have four UK top-ten singles. In 2026, she won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

So Easy (To Fall in Love)
"So Easy (To Fall in Love)" is a song by English singer-songwriter Olivia Dean, released on 26 September 2025 as the fourth single from her second studio album The Art of Loving, which was released on the same day. It was produced by Zach Nahome, John Ryan and Julian Bunetta, with Amy Allen and Max Wolfgang serving as additional and vocal producers respectively. It reached number two on the UK Singles Chart and has been certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. It also peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became her second top-20 single in the United States.
Hieronymus Cock
Hieronymus Cock, or Hieronymus Wellens de Cock, (1518 – 3 October 1570) was a Flemish painter and etcher as well as a publisher and distributor of prints.  Cock is regarded as one of the most important print publishers of his time in northern Europe. His publishing house played a key role in the transformation of printmaking from an activity of individual artists and craftsmen into an industry based on division of labour.  His house published more than 1,100 prints between 1548 and his death in 1570, a vast number by earlier standards.

While far more important and influential as a publisher, Cock was also an artist of talent, as seen in his last series of 12 landscape etchings of 1558, which are somewhat in the fantastic style of the paintings of his brother Matthys Cock.  Altogether he etched 62 plates.

Johannes Wierix
Johannes Wierix (1549 – c. 1620) was a Flemish engraver, draughtsman and publisher. He was a very accomplished engraver who made prints after his own designs as well as designs by local and foreign artists. He further made engravings on silver and ivory.

Together with other members of the Wierix family of engravers he played an important role in spreading appreciation for Netherlandish art abroad as well as in creating art that supported the Catholic cause in the Southern Netherlands.  Johannes Wierix is also known for his miniature pen drawings.
Indooroopilly Railway Bridge
The Indooroopilly Railway Bridge is a railway bridge of steel truss design which crosses the Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia. The Indooroopilly Railway Bridge links Indooroopilly and Chelmer stations, and has two long spans with one central pier. It was built just upstream and parallel to the Albert Bridge as part of the quadruplication of the Ipswich Line between 1955 and 1957.

Albert Bridge, Brisbane
Albert Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge of steel truss design crossing the Brisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Henry Charles Stanley and built from 1894 to 1895 by John McCormick & Son as a replacement for an earlier bridge lost to flooding in 1893. Both bridges were named in honour of the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

The Albert Bridge links Indooroopilly and Chelmer railway station. The structure consists of two steel spans supported by masonry abutments and a central concrete pier that is encased in an iron caisson. A footway was provided on the upstream side.
L'Hôpital's rule
L'Hôpital's rule (/ˌloʊpiːˈtɑːl/ loh-pee-TAHL), also known as Bernoulli's rule, is a mathematical theorem that allows evaluating limits of indeterminate forms using derivatives. Application (or repeated application) of the rule often converts an indeterminate form to an expression that can be easily evaluated by substitution. The rule is named after the 17th-century French mathematician Guillaume de l'Hôpital. Although the rule is often attributed to de l'Hôpital, the theorem was first introduced to him in 1694 by the Swiss mathematician Johann Bernoulli.

L'Hôpital's rule states that for functions  and  which are defined on an open interval  and differentiable on  for a (possibly infinite) accumulation point  of , if  or  and  for all  in , and  exists, then

The differentiation of the numerator and denominator often simplifies the quotient or converts it to a limit that can be directly evaluated by continuity.

Guillaume de l'Hôpital
Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital (French: [ɡijom fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃twan maʁki də lopital]; 7 June 1661 – 2 February 1704) was a French mathematician. His name is firmly associated with l'Hôpital's rule for calculating limits involving indeterminate forms 0/0 and ∞/∞. Although the rule did not originate with l'Hôpital, it appeared in print for the first time in his 1696 treatise on the infinitesimal calculus, entitled Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes. This book was a first systematic exposition of differential calculus. Several editions and translations to other languages were published and it became a model for subsequent treatments of calculus.
Bongile Mantsai
Bongile Mantsai is a South African actor and theatre practitioner known for his work in film, television, and stage. He gained widespread acclaim for his performances in Inxeba: The Wound (2017), Knuckle City (2019), and the television soap opera Scandal!. He has won multiple awards for his performances and is recognized for his contributions to South African theatre and storytelling.

Scandal!
Scandal! is a South African soap opera produced by Ochre Media (also known as Ochre Moving Pictures) and broadcast on e.tv. It is the most watched soap opera in South Africa, contending with SABC 1's longest-running soapie Generations: The Legacy. It is also broadcast across Africa on the eAfrica, e.tv Botswana and e.tv Ghana feeds.

On 10 July 2024, e.tv announced that Scandal! will start airing daily, occupying the 19:30 spot dubbed as the "Winter binge". The program reverted to its standard time slot on 7 September 2024.

On 26 September 2025, e.tv announced that Scandal! will air its final episode on 26 June 2026.
Morley Sewell
Professor (Major) Morley Hodkin Sewell (1 September 1932 – 24 February 2022) was a British veterinarian who served as Dean of the Dick Vet School in Edinburgh from 1994 to 1997. He was an expert on tropical diseases of animals.

Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (abbreviated as the Dick Vet) is the veterinary school within the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

The School was ranked first in the UK in the ShanghaiRanking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2022 – Veterinary Sciences, second in the UK by the QS World University Rankings 2023 for Veterinary Science, first in the UK for the sixth year running by the Guardian League Table 2022, and second in the UK for the second year running by the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide ranking for Veterinary Medicine.
Bhool (2019 TV series)
Bhool (Urdu: بھول, lit. 'Mistake') previously titled Daag is a 2019 Pakistani television series created by Abdullah Seja under their production house Idream Entertainment. It stars Saheefa Jabbar Khattak, Affan Waheed and Saboor Ali. Two episodes of the show are aired every Wednesday on ARY Digital. It ended on 16 October 2019, having completed 32 episodes.

Saheefa Jabbar Khattak
Saheefa Jabbar Khattak (Urdu: صحیفہ جبار خٹک; born 1 October 1988) is a Pakistani model turned actress. After receiving an award for Best Emerging Model at Lux Style Awards and Hum Awards, Khattak ventured into acting by playing the leading lady in the 2018 television serials Teri Meri Kahani and Beti, both of which earned her critical acclaim.
Heidi Abderhalden
Heidi Abderhalden (born 1962) is a Swiss-Colombian artist and theatre director. In 1984 she co-founded and since then she has co-directed Mapa Teatro in Bogotá. Together with her co-director and brother, Abderhalden has been recognised for her notable efforts in breaking down cultural barriers through fifty years of dedicated work. In 2018, they were honoured with the Goethe Medal, a prestigious award in the field of culture and arts.

Goethe Medal
The Goethe Medal, also known as the Goethe-Medaille, is a yearly prize given by the Goethe-Institut honoring non-Germans "who have performed outstanding service for the German language and for international cultural relations". It is an official decoration of the Federal Republic of Germany. The prize used to be given on 22 March, the anniversary of Goethe's death. Since 2009, it has been given on 28 August, the anniversary of Goethe's birth. The first awards were made in 1955. In the intervening years, through 2018, a total of 348 women and men from 65 countries have been so honored. It is not to be confused with Goethe-Medaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft (1932–1944) and Goetheplakette der Stadt Frankfurt am Main.
Ventura Rodríguez
Ventura Rodríguez Tizón (July 14, 1717 – September 26, 1785) was a Spanish architect and artist.  Born at Ciempozuelos, Rodríguez was the son of a bricklayer.  In 1727, he collaborated with his father in the work at the Royal Palace of Aranjuez.

Jaime Marquet
Jaime Marquet (born Jacques Marquet, in París, 1710–1782) was a French architect who worked extensively in Bourbon Spain, and whose most important work includes the central plaza of Madrid  known as Puerta del Sol and the adjacent monumental building, the Real Casa de Correos or Royal Mail Headquarters, now the offices of the President of the Community of Madrid.
Johnny Thomson
John Ashley Thomson (April 9, 1922 – September 24, 1960) was an American racecar driver. Thomson was nicknamed "the Flying Scot." He won several championships in midgets and sprint cars before competing in Championship Car (now IndyCar) racing. He won the pole position for the 1959 Indianapolis 500.

Tommy Hinnershitz
Thomas Paul Hinnershitz (April 6, 1912 – August 1, 1999) was an American racing driver. Hinnershitz was active through the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s on dirt, asphalt and boards, driving "big cars" (later known as sprint cars) – at that time slightly smaller versions of Indianapolis cars that could be raced on half-mile dirt race tracks.

During his 30-year career, Hinnershitz captured 103 American Automobile Association (AAA) and United States Auto Club (USAC) sanctioned victories, and won seven AAA/USAC East Coast sprint car championships (1949–1952, 1955–1956, and 1959). He also raced in national Championship car (30 AAA and 4 USAC) events.

Hinnershitz mainly raced his own cars (not for other owners), serving as his own mechanic. He was one of the first drivers to have car sponsorship. Hinnershitz was known for racing wearing overalls, which drew in fans at fairgrounds races in Corn Belt states such as Iowa and the Minnesota.
Sunlight before signing
Sunlight before signing is an open government campaign pledge made during the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign to make non-emergency bills freely available online for a five-day public comment period prior to signing. The campaign promise is a reference to a quote by Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis that "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants."

The well-received initiative initially faced technical hurdles in its implementation and had limited follow-through. A review by the Cato Institute found that approximately 62% of non-emergency bills during the first term of the presidency of Barack Obama met the pledge.

Sunlight Foundation
The Sunlight Foundation was an American 501(c)(3) nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that advocated for open government. The organization was founded in April 2006 with the goal of increasing transparency and accountability in the United States Congress, the executive branch, and in state and local governments. The foundation's primary focus was the role of money in politics. The organization sought to increase campaign finance regulations and disclosure requirements. The Sunlight Foundation ceased operations in September 2020.
Ysgol Brynhyfryd
Ysgol Brynhyfryd is a bilingual Welsh and English co-educational comprehensive school in the town of Ruthin in Denbighshire, North Wales. The school serves the community of Ruthin and the many surrounding villages including the rural districts of Corwen, Carrog and Gwyddelwern.

As of 2023, the school has a total of 1053 pupils on roll. 189 of those are in the sixth form. As of 2025, the headteacher is Trefor Jones.

Ruthin
Ruthin (/ˈrɪθɪn/ ⓘ RITH-in; Welsh: Rhuthun) is a market town and community in Denbighshire, Wales, in the south of the Vale of Clwyd. The town, castle and St Peter's Square lie on a hill, skirted by villages such as Pwllglas and Rhewl. The name comes from the Welsh rhudd ('red') and din ('fort'), after the colour of sandstone bedrock, from which the castle was built in 1277–1284. The Old Mill, Ruthin, is nearby. Maen Huail, a registered ancient monument associated with King Arthur and with Hueil mab Caw, the brother of the historian Gildas, stands in St Peter's Square.
Silver Quilty
Sylvester Patrick "Silver" Quilty (February 8, 1891 – December 2, 1976) was a Canadian football player, referee, coach and sport administrator. As a player, he won the Yates Cup in 1907 with the Ottawa Gee-Gees football team, and was credited as the first man to play the flying wing position. He also played with the Ottawa Rough Riders, and the McGill Redmen football team. After his playing career, he became a football referee and officiated the 10th Grey Cup, and also coached the Ottawa Rough Riders.

Quilty was later involved in building ice hockey in the Ottawa area, then served as president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association from 1924 to 1926. He sought to implement uniform playing rules across Canada, and helped bridge disagreements between the provincial hockey associations. He was the father of National Hockey League player Johnny Quilty, was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1966, and into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.

10th Grey Cup
The 10th Grey Cup was played on December 2, 1922, before 4,700 fans at Richardson Memorial Stadium at Kingston.

Queen's University defeated the Edmonton Elks 13–1.

The match was refereed by Silver Quilty.
Chemehuevi
The Chemehuevi (English: /ˌtʃɛməˈweɪvi/ CHEH-mə-WAY-vee) are an Indigenous people of the Great Basin. They are the southernmost branch of Southern Paiute. Today, Chemehuevi people are enrolled in the following federally recognized tribes:

Colorado River Indian Tribes

Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation

Morongo Band of Mission Indians

Cabazon Band of Mission Indians

Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians

Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians

Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California

Some Chemehuevi are also part of the Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians, whose members are mostly Sovovatum or Soboba band members of Cahuilla and Luiseño people.

Colorado River Indian Tribes
The Colorado River Indian Tribes (Mohave: Aha Havasuu, Navajo: Tó Ntsʼósíkooh Bibąąhgi Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bináhásdzo) is a federally recognized tribe consisting of the four distinct ethnic groups associated with the Colorado River Indian Reservation: the Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi, and Navajo. The tribe has about 4,277 enrolled citizens. A total population of 9,485 currently resides within the tribal reservation according to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey data.