hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jacques Le Goff
Jacques Le Goff (French: [ʒak lə ɡɔf]; 1 January 1924 – 1 April 2014) was a French historian and prolific author specializing in the Middle Ages, particularly the 12th and 13th centuries.

Le Goff championed the Annales School movement, which emphasizes long-term trends over the topics of politics, diplomacy, and war that dominated 19th-century historical research. From 1972 to 1977, he was the head of the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris. He was a leading figure of New History, related to cultural history. Le Goff argued that the Middle Ages formed a civilization of its own, distinct from both Classical Antiquity and the modern world.

Nouvelle histoire
The term new history, from the French term nouvelle histoire (French pronunciation: [nuvɛl istwaʁ]), was coined by Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora, leaders of the third generation of the Annales school, in the 1970s. The movement can be associated with cultural history, history of representations, and histoire des mentalités. The new history movement's inclusive definition of the proper matter of historical study has also given it the label total history. The movement was contrasted with the traditional ways of writing history which focused on politics and "great men". The new history rejected any insistence on composing historical narrative; an emphasis on administrative documents as basic source materials; concern with individuals' motivations and intentions as explanatory factors for historical events; and the old belief in objectivity.

The approach was rejected by Marxist historians because it downplayed what Marxists believed was the central role of class in shaping history.
Randy Chin
Vincent "Randy" Chin (3 October 1937 – 2 February 2003) was a Jamaican record producer and entrepreneur who ran the Randy's shop, recording studio, and record label, later moving to New York City and setting up the VP Records empire, now the world's largest independent label and distributor of Caribbean music.

VP Records
VP Records is an independent record label in Queens, New York specialized in Caribbean music. The label is known for releasing music by notable artists in reggae, dancehall and soca. VP Records has offices in New York City, Miami, London, Kingston, Tokyo, Johannesburg, Rio de Janeiro and Toronto. Additionally, the label has established a presence in Australia and New Zealand.
Harka (film)
Harka is a 2022 internationally co-produced drama film, written and directed by Lotfy Nathan, in his narrative directorial debut, inspired by Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation that sparked the Tunisian revolution and Arab Spring in 2010 and 2011. It stars Adam Bessa, Salima Maatoug, Ikbal Harbi and Najib Allagui.

It had its world premiere at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival on 19 May 2022, in the Un Certain Regard section, where lead actor Adam Bessa won the award for Best Performance. It was released theatrically in France by Dulac Distribution on 2 November 2022.

Adam Bessa
Adam Bessa (born 1992) is a French-Tunisian actor, known for his roles in French and Hollywood productions such as Reda in The Blessed (2017), Kawa in Mosul (2019), soldier Yaz Kahn in Extraction (2020) and its 2023 sequel, and Abbas Naziri in the Amazon Prime Video series Hanna. For his performance in Harka (2022), he won the Un Certain Regard Award for Best Performance at the 2022 Cannes Film Festival.
Heart Beats Again
"Heart Beats Again" is a song recorded by Australian singer and songwriter Dami Im for her third studio album, Heart Beats. It was written by Im and produced by Carl Dimitaga. The song was released on 30 September 2014, as a promotional single from Heart Beats. Upon its release, "Heart Beats Again" debuted at number 92 on the ARIA Singles Chart.

Heart Beats (Dami Im album)
Heart Beats is the third studio album by Australian recording artist Dami Im, released on 14 October 2014 by Sony Music Australia. While Im's previous self-titled debut album consisted of cover songs she performed on The X Factor Australia, Heart Beats features a mixture of original ballads and up-tempo pop songs. Im worked on the album with many songwriters and producers, including Robby De Sa, Jon Hume, Christian Lo Russo, Louis Schoorl, DNA Songs, Trinity and Hayley Warner.

Upon its release, Heart Beats debuted at number seven on the ARIA Albums Chart and became Im's second top-ten album. The album was preceded by the release of its first two singles, "Super Love" and "Gladiator", both of which peaked at number 11 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. The former also reached the top-twenty on the South Korea Gaon Charts and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association, while the latter was certified gold.
Cool Breeze (rapper)
Frederick Bell (born August 12, 1971), better known by his stage name Cool Breeze is an American rapper and a member of Southern hip hop collective Dungeon Family. He released his debut solo album East Point's Greatest Hit in 1999. In 2001, he joined up with two rappers from a group called Sniper Unit and became known as Freddie Calhoun. He features on and is the origin to the title phrase of the 1996 Billboard Hot 100 single "Dirty South" on Goodie Mob's debut album Soul Food. His 1998 single "Watch for the Hook" featuring Goodie Mob, Outkast and Witchdoctor reached the Billboard Hot 100 at #73 and topped the US Hot Rap Songs chart.

Dirty South (song)
"Dirty South" is a song by American hip hop group Goodie Mob featuring American rappers and fellow Dungeon Family members Big Boi and Cool Breeze. It was released on August 6, 1996 via LaFace Records as the third single from Goodie Mob's debut studio album Soul Food (1995). Recording sessions took place at Purple Dragon Studios and Bosstown Recording Studios in Atlanta. Production was handled by Organized Noize, who also served as executive producers together with Babyface and L.A. Reid. The song popularised the titular phrase, which has since been used to refer to Southern hip hop.

The single peaked at number 92 on the Billboard 200, number 53 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number 8 on the Hot Rap Songs charts in the United States. It was later included in the group's 2003 greatest hits album Dirty South Classics.
Eugene F. McGee
Eugene Francis McGee (June 26, 1882 – August 6, 1952) was an American lawyer and college football player and coach.  He served as the head football coach at Fordham University in 1905, compiling a record of 5–2. McGee was the valedictorian of Fordham University School of Law's first graduating class, in 1908.  With his law partner, William J. Fallon, McGee defended more than 125 homicide cases. The two also defended Nicky Arnstein in a 1924 case of conspiracy to carry stolen securities into Washington, D.C.  McGee moved to Shreveport, Louisiana around 1942, where he owned the Tri-State Boat Club and Cross Lake Inn.  He died in Shreveport, on  August 6, 1952.

William J. Fallon (attorney)
William J. Fallon (January 23, 1886 – April 29, 1927) christened The Great Mouthpiece by the press was a prominent defense attorney during the 1920s who defended the gangster Arnold Rothstein and his accomplice Nicky Arnstein during the trial for the fixing of the 1919 World Series.
Keir Dullea
Keir Atwood Dullea (/ˈkɪər dʊˈleɪ/ KEER doo-LAY; born May 30, 1936) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of astronaut David Bowman in the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey and its 1984 sequel, 2010: The Year We Make Contact.

His other film roles include David and Lisa (1962), Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) and Black Christmas (1974). Dullea studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. He has also performed on stage in New York City and in regional theaters; he has said that despite being more recognized for his film work, he prefers the stage.

2010: The Year We Make Contact
2010: The Year We Make Contact (titled on-screen as 2010) is a 1984 American science fiction film written, produced, shot, and directed by Peter Hyams. The film is a sequel to Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey and adapts Arthur C. Clarke's 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two. 2010 follows a joint American and Soviet crew who are sent to Jupiter to discover the reason behind the failure of the Discovery One mission. The film stars Roy Scheider, Helen Mirren, Bob Balaban, and John Lithgow, along with Keir Dullea and Douglas Rain, who reprise their roles from the previous film.

The film was released in the United States on December 7, 1984. 2010: The Year We Make Contact received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the special effects but considered the film inferior to its predecessor. It earned $40.4 million at the domestic box office against a budget of $28 million.
Keighley Cougars
The Keighley Cougars are a professional rugby league club from Keighley in West Yorkshire, England. The club play home games at Cougar Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Keighley have never won a major honour. Their main rivals are Bradford Bulls.

London Broncos
The London Broncos are a professional rugby league club based in Wimbledon, England. They play their home games at Plough Lane and compete in the Betfred Championship.

Whilst the club has never won a major trophy, they have finished second in the League Championship once and have been Challenge Cup runners-up once. They have also won the Championship Grand Final, to gain promotion to the Super League, on two occasions.

Originally formed as Fulham Rugby League Club in 1980, they have also previously been known as London Crusaders and Harlequins Rugby League. London's home colours are black, red and white.
AJ Michalka
AJ Michalka (/miːˈʃɑːkə/ mee-SHAH-kə;) is an American actress, musician and singer-songwriter who is best known as one half of the musical duo Aly & AJ (briefly 78violet), alongside her older sister Aly Michalka.

In addition to her music career, Michalka has appeared in films such as The Lovely Bones (2009), Secretariat (2010), Super 8 (2011), Grace Unplugged (2013), Weepah Way for Now (2015), and Support the Girls (2018). Michalka also starred in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs (2013–2023) and its spin-off series Schooled (2019–2020), and she voiced a lead role as Catra in the Netflix animated adventure series She-Ra and the Princesses of Power (2018–2020).

Schooled (TV series)
Schooled is an American television sitcom and a direct spin-off to The Goldbergs. It was ordered by ABC with Tim Meadows, Bryan Callen and AJ Michalka in the main cast. The concept aired as a backdoor pilot on a January 24, 2018, episode of The Goldbergs called "The Goldbergs: 1990-Something". The series aired from January 9, 2019, to May 13, 2020. In May 2019, ABC renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 18, 2019. On May 12, 2020, the series was canceled after two seasons.
House of Dadeshkeliani
The House of Dadeshkeliani or Dadishkeliani (Georgian: დადეშქელიანი, დადიშქელიანი) was an aristocratic family from the mountainous western Georgian province of Svaneti. They ruled the Principality of Svaneti from the 1720s to 1857.

Svaneti
Svaneti (Svan: შუ̂ან, ლემშუ̂ანიერა; shwan, lemshwaniera, and Suania in ancient sources; Georgian: სვანეთი [ˈs̪ʷän̪e̞t̪ʰi] Svaneti) is a province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians.
Oscar Kightley
Oscar Vai To'elau Kightley MNZM (born 1969) is a Samoan-New Zealand actor, television presenter, writer, journalist, director, and comedian. He acted in and co-wrote the successful 2006 film Sione's Wedding.

Nathaniel Lees
Maiava Nathaniel Lees (born 20 July 1952) is a New Zealand theatre actor and director and film actor of Samoan descent, best known for film roles in The Matrix Reloaded, The Matrix Revolutions and The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers and for starring in Young Hercules as Chiron the centaur.
Skeptic's Toolbox
The Skeptic's Toolbox was a four-day workshop devoted to scientific skepticism. Founded by psychologist and now-retired University of Oregon professor Ray Hyman, it was sponsored by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Annual workshops focused on educating people to be better critical thinkers, and involved a central theme. The attendees formed small groups and were given tasks that to work on and whose results they then presented to the entire workshop on the final day.

Ray Hyman
Ray Hyman (born June 23, 1928) is a professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, and a noted critic of parapsychology. Hyman, along with James Randi, Martin Gardner and Paul Kurtz, is one of the founders of the modern skeptical movement. He is the founder and leader of the Skeptic's Toolbox.  Hyman serves on the Executive Council for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
CFL Line 70
Line 70 is a railway line connecting Luxembourg City to the south-west of Luxembourg, and on to Belgium and France.  The terminus at the north-eastern end is Luxembourg railway station, whilst the terminals at the south are the French town of Longuyon and the Belgian town of Athus.  It is designated, and predominantly operated, by Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois. In the 2010s, former line 80 was merged with Line 70 in order to link Thionville and Longwy via Esch-sur-Alzette.

CFL Line 80
Line 80 is a Luxembourgish railway line connecting Rodange to Belgium. It is designated Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois, but predominantly operated by NMBS/SNCB. The services overlap with those designated as Line 70. On the Belgian side of the border the routes are numbered in the NMBS/SNCB series.

Line 165 Libramont - Virton - Y Aubange - Athus

Line 165/1 Y Aubange - Frontière RFNL (Rodange)

Line 167 (Arlon) - Y. Autelbas - Athus - Frontière RFNL (Rodange)

The routes are all electrified at 25 kV using OHL cf NMBS/SNCB's normal 3 kV DC OHL. This requires NMBS/SNCB to use Class 41xx DMUs.

The following passenger services operate on the line, as of 2019:

Arlon - MeAthus - Aubange - Virton - Libramont hourly on weekdays by SNCB/NMBS

Luxembourg - Rodange - Athus 2 trains per hour every day (reduced on Sunday) by CFL

Virton - Halanzy - Aubange - Rodange 2 pairs of trains in rush hours to connect to Longwy - Luxembourg services
Carl Joseph Friedrichs
Carl Joseph Friedrichs (16 June 1831, Cochem – 14 December 1916, Zürich) (also published as Charles Friedrichs) was a German printer, author and gold prospector referred to as the leader of "The Germans" who found in 1865 the famed Montana Bar during the Montana Gold Rush.

Cochem
Cochem (German pronunciation: [ˈkɔxm̩] ⓘ) is the seat of and the biggest town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With just over 5,000 inhabitants, Cochem falls just behind Kusel, in the Kusel district, as Germany's second smallest district seat. Since 7 June 2009, it has belonged to the Verbandsgemeinde of Cochem.
Peggy Cripps
Enid Margaret "Peggy" Appiah (née Cripps), MBE (/ˈæpiɑː/ AP-ee-ah; 21 May 1921 – 11 February 2006), was a British children's author, philanthropist and socialite.

The youngest daughter of the Rt Hon. Sir Stafford and Dame Isobel Cripps, she was the wife of Ghanaian lawyer and political activist Nana Joe Appiah, and mother of the philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah.

Isobel Cripps
Dame Isobel Cripps, GBE (née Swithinbank; 25 January 1891 – 11 April 1979), also known as Isobel, the Honourable Lady Cripps, was a British overseas aid organiser and the wife of the Honourable Sir Stafford Cripps.
Partex
Partex Oil and Gas (Holdings) Corporation is an oil company owned by PTT Exploration and Production, a company based in Thailand. It was previously owned by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, from Lisbon, Portugal, until it was sold in June 2019.

Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Portuguese: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian), commonly referred to simply as the Gulbenkian Foundation, is a Portuguese institution dedicated to the promotion of the arts, philanthropy, science, and education. One of the wealthiest charitable foundations in the world, the Gulbenkian Foundation was founded on 18 July 1956 according to the last will and testament of Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian, an Armenian Portugal-based oil magnate who bequeathed his assets to the country in the form of a foundation.

Gulbenkian had one of the largest private art collections in Europe, which is housed in the foundation's Calouste Gulbenkian Museum in Lisbon. The foundation hosts numerous institutions and initiatives including the Gulbenkian Orchestra, Gulbenkian Science Institute, Gulbenkian Prizes and the Gulbenkian Commission.
Shift theorem
In mathematics, the (exponential) shift theorem is a theorem about polynomial differential operators (D-operators) and exponential functions. It permits one to eliminate, in certain cases, the exponential from under the D-operators.

Differential operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer science).

This article considers mainly linear differential operators, which are the most common type. However, non-linear differential operators also exist, such as the Schwarzian derivative.
R and J
R#J is a 2021 American experimental romantic drama film written by Rickie Castaneda, Oleksii Sobolev and Carey Williams, who is also the director. The film stars David Zayas, María Gabriela de Faría, Diego Tinoco and RJ Cyler. The film is a modern-day adaptation of Shakespeare's romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet, told through text messages, photos and videos on mobile phones and social media posts.

The film had its world premiere at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival on January 30, 2021.

David Zayas
David Zayas (born August 15, 1962) is a Puerto Rican actor. He is best known for his roles as Angel Batista on the Showtime series Dexter, Dexter: New Blood and Dexter: Resurrection and Enrique Morales on the HBO prison drama series Oz.
Heimdalshøe
Heimdalshøe is a mountain on the border of Nord-Fron Municipality and Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,843-metre (6,047 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains and in the upper Sikkilsdalen valley. The mountain sits about 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the village of Vågåmo and about 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of the village of Beitostølen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Styggehøe, Gravdalsknappen, and Ingulssjøhøi to the northeast; and Besshø and Besseggen to the northwest. At a height of 1,843 metres (6,047 ft) above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the Nord-Fron Municipality. The mountain's topographic prominence of 670 metres (2,200 ft) is among Scandinavia's 200 highest.

Ingulssjøhøi
Ingulssjøhøi is a mountain on the border of Nord-Fron Municipality and Vågå Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,665-metre (5,463 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains on the north side of the Sikkilsdalen valley. The mountain sits about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of the village of Vågåmo and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the village of Beitostølen. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Dyrtjørnhøi to the northeast; Sikkilsdalshøa, Gravdalsknappen, Styggehøe, and Heimdalshøe to the southwest; and Besshø to the west.
Maryland Route 128
Maryland Route 128 (MD 128) is a state highway located in Baltimore County in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Butler Road, the state highway runs 7.62 miles (12.26 km) from MD 30 in Reisterstown east to MD 25 at Butler. MD 128 was constructed in the early 1930s east of Glyndon. The state highway was extended west to MD 30 in the late 1940s concurrent with the removal of the parallel MD 127 in Reisterstown. An intermediate section of MD 128 was maintained by Baltimore County and MD 127 temporarily returned to its old route between 1970 and 1987.

Glyndon, Maryland
Glyndon is an unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1871 by Dr. Charles A. Leas, the village is located in the northwest section of Baltimore County and is primarily a residential suburb of metropolitan Baltimore City. Glyndon is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1973) and on the Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties (1973); the Glyndon Historic District was also designated as the first historic district in Baltimore County (1981). Glyndon is also known for its yearly 4th of July parade.
Vazhiye
Vazhiye (transl. The Trail) is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language found footage horror film written and directed by Nirmal Baby Varghese after Thariode. This movie is an experimental movie made in found footage style and it is the first found footage movie in Malayalam. Produced by Baby Chaithanya under the banner of Casablanca Film Factory. The film marked the debut of Hollywood music director Evan Evans in Indian cinema.

Evan Evans (film composer)
Evan Edward Evans  (born September 13, 1975 in Bergen County, New Jersey) is an American film score composer. He is the son of jazz pianist Bill Evans.

He attended University of California, Los Angeles and Nadia Boulanger Institute in Paris. He apprenticed with several important entertainment industry personalities, including Argentinian film composer, concert composer and pianist Lalo Schifrin.

He generally composes for independent films.

In 1999 he founded the record label, E3 Records; E3 is named after his three initials.

Evans is also a semi-professional poker player and is the author of several works offering winning tips.
Great Wall of Sand
The "Great Wall of Sand" is a series of land reclamation (artificial island building) projects by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the Spratly Islands area of the South China Sea between late 2013 to late 2016.

Subi Reef
Subi Reef, also known as Xu Bi Reef (Vietnamese: Đá Xu Bi), Zamora Reef (Filipino: Bahura ng Zamora, lit. 'Reef of Zamora'), or Zhubi Reef (Chinese: 渚碧礁; pinyin: Zhǔbì Jiāo), is an atoll in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea located 26 km (16 mi) southwest of Thitu Island. It is occupied by China, and claimed by the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.
Oscar Straus (politician)
Oscar Solomon Straus (December 23, 1850 – May 3, 1926) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt from 1906 to 1909. He was the first Jewish United States Cabinet Secretary.

Straus also served in four presidential administrations as America's representative to the Ottoman Empire and ran for Governor of New York in 1912 as the candidate of then-former president Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive "Bull Moose" Party, in tandem with Roosevelt's own unsuccessful run for a nonconsecutive third term as president that same year.

Isidor and Ida Straus
Isidor Straus (February 6, 1845 – April 15, 1912) and Rosalie Ida Straus (née Blün; February 6, 1849 – April 15, 1912) were an American couple who died in the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. Isidor was a German-Jewish businessman, politician, U.S. congressman and co-owner of Macy's department store with his brother Nathan. He also served for just over a year as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing the state of  New York. He died with his wife, Ida, in the sinking of the Titanic.