hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange
Choa Chu Kang Bus Interchange is a bus interchange which mainly serves the residential neighbourhood of Choa Chu Kang in the West Region of Singapore. It is located at Choa Chu Kang Loop and connected to Choa Chu Kang MRT/LRT station and the Lot One Shoppers' Mall. Opened in 1990, the old bus interchange was one of the oldest surviving bus interchanges in Singapore to remain intact from re-modification while still in service for 28 years until 15 December 2018. The new site opened on 16 December 2018.

Choa Chu Kang
Choa Chu Kang (locally /ˌtʃwɑː ˌtʃuː ˈkɑːŋ/), alternatively spelled  Chua Chu Kang and often abbreviated as CCK, is a planning area and residential town located at the northwestern point of the West Region of Singapore. The town shares borders with Sungei Kadut to the north, Tengah to the southwest, Bukit Batok to the southeast, Bukit Panjang to the east and the Western Water Catchment to the west. Choa Chu Kang New Town is separated into two portions by the Kranji Expressway.

Originally a kampung, the area has been rapidly developed under the ambition of the Housing and Development Board, to transform it into a modern township. The town comprises six subzones, five of which are the most densely populated: Choa Chu Kang Central, Choa Chu Kang North, Yew Tee, Teck Whye, and Keat Hong.
London Passenger Transport Board
The London Passenger Transport Board was the organisation responsible for local public transport in London and its environs from 1933 to 1948. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and brand was London Transport.

Tilling Group
The Tilling Group was one of two conglomerates that controlled almost all of the major bus operators in the United Kingdom between World Wars I and II and until nationalisation in 1948.

Tilling, together with the other conglomerate, British Electric Traction (BET), became the main constituents of the country's nationalised bus industry in the late 1960s and was sufficiently well known to have entered popular culture as part of London's Cockney rhyming slang (Thomas Tilling = shilling).

The company continued as an industrial conglomerate after the nationalisation of its bus interests; it was acquired by BTR plc in 1983.
San Salvatore di Fitalia
San Salvatore di Fitalia (Sicilian: Santu Sarvaturi di Fitalia) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region of Sicily, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Palermo and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Messina.

San Salvatore di Fitalia borders the following municipalities: Castell'Umberto, Frazzanò, Galati Mamertino, Mirto, Naso, Tortorici.

Annually is held in the city the festival of San Calogero

Tortorici
Tortorici (Sicilian: Turturici) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) east of Palermo and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Messina.

Located in the Nebrodi regional park, Tortorici borders the following municipalities: Bronte, Castell'Umberto, Floresta, Galati Mamertino, Longi, Randazzo, San Salvatore di Fitalia, Sinagra, Ucria.
Highest and best use
Highest and best use (or highest or best use; HBU) is a concept in real estate appraisal that originated with early economists such as Irving Fisher, who conceptualized the idea of maximum productivity.

According to the doctrine of "highest and best use," in any case where the market value of real property is sought, that value must be based on that use that would produce the highest value for a property, regardless of its actual current use.

Real estate appraisal
Real estate appraisal, home appraisal, property valuation or land valuation is the process of assessing the value of real property (usually market value). The appraisal is conducted by a licensed appraiser. Real estate transactions often require appraisals to ensure fairness, accuracy, and financial security for all parties involved.

Appraisal reports form the basis for mortgage loans, settling estates and divorces, taxation, etc. Sometimes an appraisal report is also used to establish a sale price for a property. Factors like size of the property, condition, age, and location play a key role in the valuation.
Proterra (bus manufacturer)
Proterra Inc. was an American electric vehicle and powertrain manufacturer based in Burlingame, California. The company designed and manufactured battery electric transit buses, powertrain systems for other heavy-duty vehicle builders and charging systems for fleets of heavy-duty vehicles.

Founded in 2004, it became a public company in June 2021. The company delivered 199 new transit buses and battery systems for 1,229 vehicles in 2022. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in August 2023. In November, its assets were split into three divisions and sold off. The Proterra Powered powertrain manufacturing business line will operate as an independent company within the Volvo Group. The transit bus manufacturing business line was sold to Phoenix Motorcars. The Proterra Energy business line which built charging systems for fleets of heavy-duty vehicles was purchased by Cowen Equity.

Proterra EcoRide
The Proterra EcoRide BE35 is a 35 foot (11 m) (nominal length) fast-charge battery electric bus that seats 38 (including the driver) with a total passenger capacity of 60 in its composite low floor body. Foothill Transit was the first transit agency to operate the buses in revenue service, starting in September 2010. It is the first 30 ft (9 m) or larger, heavy-duty all-electric bus ever to complete federally required durability, reliability and safety testing at the Bus Research and Testing Center in Altoona, Pennsylvania. The 12yr/500,000 miles (800,000 km) STURAA test was completed on March 5, 2012.

The BE35's electric traction motor draws from lithium-titanate batteries supplied by Altairnano that can be recharged in 5–10 minutes while stopped at a bus stop via overhead terminals connected to a charging station, without driver involvement. The quick charging during a brief layover typically enables a further 26 miles (42 km) of operation.
Royal Research Ship
A Royal Research Ship (RRS) is a merchant navy vessel of the United Kingdom that conducts scientific research for His Majesty's Government. Organisations operating such ships include; the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and the National Oceanography Centre (NOC). A warrant from the monarch is required before a ship can be designated as an RRS.

Natural Environment Research Council
The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, responsible for supporting research, training and knowledge transfer activities in the environmental sciences.
China Railways KF
The Class KF (聯盟型, 'Confederation class', re-designated "ㄎㄈ" or "KF") are a type of 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotives, built in the United Kingdom by the Vulcan Foundry for the railways of China. Between 1935 and 1936, 24 locomotives were built for the Guangzhou–Hankou Railway, designated as the 600 series. Following World War II, and the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Government assumed control of the railway and re-designated the engines in 1954 as the "ㄎㄈ" class ("ㄎㄈ" being the Zhuyin characters for "K(o)-F(o)") from the first two syllables of "Confederation", and in 1959 as the "KF" class.

4-8-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-8-4 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The type was first used by the Northern Pacific Railway, and initially named the Northern Pacific, but railfans and railroad employees have shortened the name since its introduction. It is most commonly known as a Northern, among various names.
Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces (Persian: نیروی زمینی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Niruye Zaminiye Arteše Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân) (Persian: نزاجا, NEZAJA) are the conventional ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces (Artesh). In Iran, it is also called Artesh, (ارتش) which is Persian for "army."

In 2025, the Central Intelligence Agency estimated that the regular Iranian Army ground forces had 350,000 personnel. Conscripts serve for 21 months as of 2015. Iran has two parallel land forces with some integration at the command level: the regular Artesh (Army), and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, also known as the Sepâh (IRGC). Thus the IRGC Ground Forces parallel the Artesh's regular ground forces.

55th Airborne Brigade (Iran)
55th Airborne Brigade of Shiraz (Persian: (تیپ ۵۵ نوهد) تیپ ۵۵ هوابرد, romanized: Tīp-e 55-e Hawābord) is an airborne separate brigade of Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army based in Shiraz, Fars province. It was engaged in the Iran-Iraq War.
Maro Makashvili
Maro Makashvili (Georgian: მარო მაყაშვილი; 25 August 1901 – 19 February 1921) was a young Georgian woman who was killed during the 1921 Red Army invasion of Georgia. In 2015, she was the first woman to be awarded the Georgian Order of National Hero.

Order of the National Hero (Georgia)
The Order of the National Hero (Georgian: ეროვნული გმირის ორდენი, romanized: erovnuli gmiris ordeni) is the highest honor awarded by the government of Georgia together with the title of National Hero. It was established in 2004.
Obando, Bulacan
Obando, officially the Municipality of Obando (Tagalog: Bayan ng Obando),  is a  municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 61,073 people.

Obando Fertility Rites
The Obando Fertility Rites are a dance ritual, Anitist in origin, that later became a Catholic festival celebrated every May in Obando, Bulacan, Philippines. Locals and pilgrims, sometimes dressed in traditional costume, dance and sing in the town's streets to honor and beseech Obando's three patron saints: San Pascual (Paschal Baylón), Santa Clara (Clare of Assisi), and Nuestra Señora de Salambáo (Our Lady of Salambao).
Jeppesen (surname)
Jeppesen is a Danish patronymic surname meaning "son of Jeppe", which is a Western Danish parallel form of the biblical given name Jacob. A slightly abbreviated form is Jepsen (alternatively Jebsen). The equivalent Eastern Danish form of Jacob is Ib resulting in the patronymic surname Ibsen (rarely Ipsen).

People with the surname include:

Carl Jeppesen (1858–1930), Danish-born Norwegian newspaper editor and politician

Elrey Borge Jeppesen (1907–1996), aviation pioneer of navigational maps and charts

Hans Nielsen Jeppesen (1815–1883), Danish merchant and ship-owner

Jørn Jeppesen (1919–1964), Danish stage and film actor

Knud Jeppesen (1892–1974), Danish composer, musicologist and writer

Lars Krogh Jeppesen (born 1979), Danish handball player

Lis Jeppesen (born 1956), Danish ballet dancer

Martin Jeppesen (born 1970), Danish veteran football player

Steven Jeppesen (born 1984), Danish-born Swedish golfer

Travis Jeppesen (born 1979), American novelist and poet

Ipsen (surname)
Ipsen is a Danish patronymic surname meaning "son of Ip", which is a Danish parallel form of the biblical given name Jacob. The equivalent Eastern Danish form of Jacob is Ib, resulting in the patronymic surname Ibsen. Other variants include Jepsen and Jebsen.

People bearing the name Ipsen include:

Anton Ipsen (born 1994), Danish swimmer

Bodil Ipsen (1889–1964), Danish actress and film director

Ernest Ludvig Ipsen (1869–1951), American portrait painter

Henrik Ipsen (born 1973), Danish footballer

Julie Finne-Ipsen (born 1995), Danish badminton player

Kasper Ipsen (born 1984), Danish badminton player

Louise Ipsen (1822–1905), Danish businessperson

Ludvig Sandöe Ipsen (1840–1920), Danish-American artist and designer

Steen Ipsen (born 1966), Danish contemporary artist

Lois Ibsen al-Faruqi (1926–1986), American scholar and expert on Islamic art and music
Lai Châu province
Lai Châu (Vietnamese pronunciation: [lāi cʌ̄w] ⓘ) is a mountainous province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. Lai Châu was a semi-independent White Tai confederation known as Sip Song Chau Tai, was absorbed by France into French Indochina in the 1880s and became part of Vietnam following Vietnamese independence in 1954. It became part of the Northwest Autonomous Area of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, when Lai Châu province was formed. Điện Biên province was carved out of Lai Châu in 2004. The province covers an area of about 9,069 km2 (3,501 mi2) and as of 2022 it had a population of 482,100 people.

Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 34 first-level subdivisions, comprising 28 provinces (tỉnh) and six municipalities under the command of the central government (Vietnamese: thành phố trực thuộc trung ương).

Municipalities are the highest-ranked cities in Vietnam. Municipalities are centrally-controlled cities and have special status equal to that of the provinces.

The provinces and municipalities are divided into communes (xã), wards (phường) and special administrative regions (đặc khu) as the second-tier units.
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Mrs. Wu York Yu Memorial College
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Mrs. Wu York Yu Memorial College (Chinese: 東華三院伍若瑜夫人紀念中學) is a co-educational secondary school established by the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals in 1977. It is located in Shek Yam in the New Territories of Hong Kong. The current principal is Dr. Ye Weiming.

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals (Chinese: 東華三院), with a history dating back to 1870, is the oldest and largest charitable organisation in Hong Kong. It provides extensive education and community services through 194 service centres spread across Hong Kong.

Although Tung Wah Group of Hospitals is purely a charitable organisation today, it was originally an organisation that brought together the most influential Chinese magnates of Hong Kong in early colonial period. Tung Wah Group of Hospitals is also responsible for the management of Man Mo Temple, once an important cultural centre of colonial Hong Kong.

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals' Gallery, can be found in Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences, exhibits antiques of the charitable organisation. Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Museum, also managed by Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, is located inside Kwong Wah Hospital.
Dolloidraco
Dolloidraco is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish, its only known species being Dolloidraco longedorsalis, belonging to the subfamily Artedidraconinae, the barbeled plunderfishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean in the waters around Antarctica.

Artedidraconinae
The Artedidraconinae, barbeled plunderfishes, are a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes, notothenioids belonging to the Perciform suborder Notothenioidei and the family Harpagiferidae. The family comprises four genera. These fishes are endemic to deep waters off Antarctica.
Battle of Albemarle Sound
The Battle of Albemarle Sound was an inconclusive naval battle fought in May 1864 along the coast of North Carolina during the American Civil War. Three Confederate warships, including an ironclad, engaged eight Union gunboats. The action ended indecisively due to the sunset.

USS Mattabesett (1863)
USS Mattabesett, sometimes spelled Mattabeset, a schooner-rigged, wooden hulled, double-ended sidewheel gunboat, was built by A. & G. T. Sampson, Boston, Massachusetts, and named for the Mattabesset River in Connecticut. Mattabesett was delivered to the New York Navy Yard on January 18, 1864, and commissioned April 7, 1864, Commander John C. Febiger in command.
QBD (electronics)
QBD is the term applied to the charge-to-breakdown measurement of a semiconductor device. It is a standard destructive test method used to determine the quality of gate oxides in MOS devices. It is equal to the total charge passing through the dielectric layer (i.e. electron or hole fluence multiplied by the elementary charge) just before failure. Thus QBD is a measure of time-dependent gate oxide breakdown. As a measure of oxide quality, QBD can also be a useful predictor of product reliability under specified electrical stress conditions.

Time-dependent gate oxide breakdown
Time-dependent gate oxide breakdown (or time-dependent dielectric breakdown, TDDB) is a kind of transistor aging, a failure mechanism in MOSFETs, when the gate oxide breaks down as a result of long-time application of relatively low electric field (as opposed to immediate breakdown, which is caused by strong electric field). The breakdown is caused by formation of a conducting path through the gate oxide to substrate due to electron tunneling current, when MOSFETs are operated close to or beyond their specified operating voltages.
Intercontinental Cup (baseball)
The Intercontinental Cup was a baseball tournament between the members of the then-International Baseball Federation (IBAF). It was first held in 1973 in Italy, and was held every other year following until 1999.

After 1999, the tournament was held every few four years—in 2002, 2006 and 2010. The tournament was dominated by Cuba which won 10 gold and 3 silver in 16 tournaments. The most recent tournament was held in 2010, in Taichung, Taiwan, and appears to have been the last time the tournament was held.

The first two tournaments, in 1973 and 1975,  were organized by the IBAF splinter group FEMBA during a period of international baseball conflict. The groups reunited in 1976 and continued to present the competition.

1999 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)
The 1999 IBAF Intercontinental Cup was held in Australia from 3 to 14 November 1999. Eight countries contested the tournament, and has been the only Intercontinental Cup hosted in the Southern Hemisphere. The eight participating countries were Cuba, Australia, Italy, the Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, United States and Chinese Taipei. The tournament was sanctioned by the International Baseball Federation.

The Cup was perhaps the brightest moment in the history of the Australia national baseball team, as they stunned the Cuba national baseball team in the finals, winning the game 4–3. The MVP of the tournament was also Australian MLB player and former All-Star, Dave Nilsson.
2023–24 Algerian Basketball Championship
The 2023–24 Super Division (62nd edition), Algeria's top tier basketball club competition, ran from October 7, 2023, through May 14, 2024. President of the Algerian Basketball Federation Rabah Bouarifi, said that the competition system has been changed, as it will be held in one group consisting of 16 teams instead of two groups, each group consisting of nine teams, as was the case last season. Another change will be made during the following season, to reach the Super Division of 14 teams only.

WA Boufarik (basketball)
Widad Olympic Boufarik, formerly Widad Adabi Boufarik, shortly WO Boufarik, is a basketball team belonging to a multi-sports club of the same name. Based in Boufarik, Algeria, WA Boufarik has historically been the nation's second-best team, after GS Pétroliers.

In total, WA Boufarik has won 18 titles. The team won its first title in the 1987 Cup of Algeria, winning the finals against NA Hussein Dey by one point (65–64). In the 1990s, the club won 12 titles, including five consecutive titles from 1990 to 1994 and four Algerian Cups. The club won its most recent league title during the 2001–02 season. In 2007, Widad played their last final against DRB Staouéli and lost 66–64.
Bulgarian name
The Bulgarian name system (Bulgarian: Българска именна система) has considerable similarities with most other European name systems, and with those of other Slavic peoples, especially East Slavic ones, such as the Russian name system, although it has certain unique features.

Bulgarian names usually consist of a given name, which comes first, a patronymic, which is second (and is usually omitted when referring to the person), and a family name, which comes last.

Boyan (given name)
Boyan (Bulgarian: Боян) is a Slavic male given name. The short form of the name Boyan used in Bulgaria is Bobi or Bobby (Bulgarian: Боби). Its female equivalent is Boyana (Bulgarian: Бояна).

In present days it is used as a given name in Bulgaria written as Boyan (Bulgarian: Боян), and also in all countries of former Yugoslavia, mainly written as Bojan (Serbian and Macedonian: Бојан)/(Slovenian/Croatian: Bojan).

The name is recorded in historical sources among the Bulgarians, and also among Serbs, Czechs, Poles, Croats, Slovenians, Macedonians, Ukrainians and Russians.
Bishopton, Renfrewshire
Bishopton (/bɪʃəptən/) (Scots: Bishoptoun; Scottish Gaelic: Baile an Easbaig) is a village in Renfrewshire, Scotland. It is located around 2 miles (3 km) west of Erskine. Royal Ordnance Factory Bishopton was located on the edge of the village and is now being redeveloped as private housing into a community named Dargavel.

M8 motorway (Scotland)
The M8 is the busiest motorway in Scotland. It connects the country's two largest cities, Glasgow and Edinburgh, and serves other large communities including Airdrie, Coatbridge, Greenock, Livingston and Paisley. The motorway is 60 miles (97 km) long. A major construction project to build the final section between Newhouse and Baillieston was completed on 30 April 2017.  The motorway has one service station, Heart of Scotland Services, previously named Harthill due to its proximity to the village.
Hochvogel
The Hochvogel is a 2,592-metre-high (8,504 ft) mountain in the Allgäu Alps. The national border between Germany and Austria runs over the summit. 
Although only the thirteenth highest summit in the Allgäu Alps, the Hochvogel dominates other parts of Allgäu Alps and the other ranges in the immediate neighbourhood. This is because the majority of the higher peaks are concentrated in the central and western part of the Allgäu Alps. The Hochvogel stands on its own in the eastern part of the mountain group; the nearest neighbouring summits are 200 to 300 metres lower.
Experienced climbers can ascend the summit on two marked routes.

Allgäu Alps
The Allgäu Alps (German: Allgäuer Alpen) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps, located on the Austria–Germany border, which covers parts of the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg and the Austrian states of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. The range lies directly east of Lake Constance.