hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Concordia University Press
Concordia University Press is a university press associated with Concordia University, located in Montreal, Canada. The press, which was organized by the university's library before being incorporated as its own entity, issues books in both English and French.

While formally founded in October 2016, Concordia University Press can trace its origin back to the university's 2012-2016 Academic Plan, which called for the creation of "innovative knowledge dissemination platforms, like an electronic press at Concordia". One of Concordia University's librarians had experience in journal publishing and was thus able to help spearhead this initiative and see it through to fruition.

Concordia University Press is a member of the Association of Canadian University Presses and the Association of Canadian Publishers, and an affiliate of the Association of University Presses.

Association of Canadian University Presses
The Association of Canadian University Presses/Association des presses universitaires canadiennes (ACUP/APUC) is an association of Canadian university presses. As a collective, the presses that make up the association publish around 600 titles annually, most of which are either authored by Canadians or about Canadian subjects. ACUP/APUC is a member of the International Federation of Scholarly Publishers.
Chiba 13th district
Chiba 13th district (千葉県第13区, Chiba-ken dai-ju-sanku or simply 千葉13区, Chiba-ju-sanku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Chiba Prefecture.

From 2012 until 2021, the district was represented by LDP-member Takaki Shirasuka. Shirasuka left the party after it was revealed he visited a hostess club in Tokyo  after a state of emergency had been declared due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Inzai
Inzai (印西市, Inzai-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of  111,266 in 45,717 households and a population density of 900 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 123.80 square kilometres (47.80 sq mi).
SN 2020fqv
SN 2020fqv was a type II supernova which occurred in March 2020 in the spiral galaxy NGC 4568, approximately 60 million light years from Earth. The explosion was detected by both the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Observations were obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope both years before and just 26 hours after it exploded, as well as many other instruments, providing the first holistic view of such an event.

The progenitor star is modelled to be a red supergiant with a radius of 800±100 R☉ and a mass of 15±3 M☉, fairly typical of type II supernova progenitors.

NGC 4567 and NGC 4568
NGC 4567 and NGC 4568 (nicknamed the Butterfly Galaxies or Siamese Twins) are a set of unbarred spiral galaxies about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. They were both discovered by William Herschel in 1784. They are part of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.

These galaxies are in the process of colliding and merging with each other, as studies of their distributions of neutral and molecular hydrogen show, with the highest star-formation activity in the part where they overlap. However, the system is still in an early phase of interaction. In about 500 million years the galaxies will coalesce into a single elliptical galaxy.
Collins glass
In American English, a collins glass is a glass tumbler which typically contains 300 to 410 millilitres (10 to 14 US fl oz). It is commonly used to serve sparkling cocktails, especially long drinks like the Tom Collins or John Collins, as well as fruit juice, water or any cold drinks. Its cylindrical shape, narrower and taller than a highball glass, keeps the drink carbonated longer by reducing the surface area of the drink.

Highball glass
A highball glass is a glass tumbler that can contain 240 to 350 millilitres (8 to 12 US fl oz). It is used to serve highball cocktails and other mixed drinks. An example size is 7 cm (3 in) diameter by 15 cm (6 in) in height.
A highball glass is taller than an old fashioned glass (lowball), and shorter and wider than a collins glass.
Motorcycle safety technology
Motorcycle safety technology encompasses a range of electronic, mechanical, and structural systems designed to improve rider safety and vehicle stability. These technologies aim to reduce the likelihood of crashes, minimise injury severity, and increase control under various riding conditions. Since the early 1980s, manufacturers and suppliers have developed increasingly sophisticated systems based on advances in electronics, sensors, and control software.

Dynamic ESA
Dynamic ESA (Electronic Suspension Adjustment) is a semi-active motorcycle suspension system developed by BMW Motorrad. It automatically adjusts damping and preload in real-time based on riding conditions and riding behaviour. The system improves comfort, handling, and stability by electronically controlling both front and rear suspension elements.
Isaac Asimov bibliography (alphabetical)
This is a bibliography of the books written or edited by Isaac Asimov, arranged alphabetically. Asimov was a prolific author, and he engaged in many collaborations with other authors. This list may not yet be complete. The total number of books listed here is over 500.  Asimov died in 1992 at age 72; a small number of his books were published posthumously.

The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science
The Intelligent Man's Guide to Science is a general guide to the sciences by the American writer and scientist Isaac Asimov.  It was first published in 1960 by Basic Books. Revised versions were published as The New Intelligent Man's Guide to Science (1965), Asimov's Guide to Science (1972), and Asimov's New Guide to Science (1984).

The book received positive reviews, praising it as a well-written work on science.
Roseville Joint Union High School District
Roseville Joint Union High School District is a California school district that consists of six comprehensive high schools, one independent study high school, one continuation high school and an adult school. The district covers most of the city of Roseville and the unincorporated community of Granite Bay, two suburbs of Sacramento that are located in Placer County, and the eastern side of the suburb of Antelope in northern Sacramento County (east of Walerga Road).

Executive Cabinet;
Mr. John Becker, Superintendent
Joe Landon, Business Services
William “Brad” Basham, Human Resources
Tu Moua Carroz, Education Services

Roseville, California
Roseville is the most populous city in Placer County, California, located within the Sacramento metropolitan area. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 147,773, making it the third-largest city in the Sacramento area. Interstate 80 runs through Roseville and State Route 65 runs through part of the northern edge of the city.

Historically associated with the railroad, the city underwent significant urban renewal in the 1980s and 1990s. Today it has become a major commercial hub, attracting regular shoppers and visitors from a large swath of rural southeastern Sacramento Valley and the Sierra Nevada foothills. In recent years, it has seen significant population growth and new single-family home developments, becoming a "boomburb" or edge city of Sacramento.
Dating violence
Dating abuse or dating violence is the perpetration or threat of an act of violence by at least one member of an unmarried couple on the other member in the context of dating or courtship. It also arises when one partner tries to maintain power and control over the other through abuse or violence, for example when a relationship has broken down. This abuse or violence can take a number of forms, such as sexual assault, sexual harassment, threats, physical violence, verbal, mental, or emotional abuse, social sabotage, and stalking. In extreme cases it may manifest in date rape. It can include psychological abuse, emotional blackmail, sexual abuse, physical abuse and psychological manipulation.

Dating violence crosses all racial, age, economic and social lines. The Center for Relationship Abuse Awareness describes dating abuse as a "pattern of abusive and coercive behaviors used to maintain power and control over a former or current intimate partner."

Violence
Violence is characterized as the use of physical force by humans to cause harm to other living beings, such as pain, injury, disablement, death, damage and destruction. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines violence as "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation"; it recognizes the need to include violence not resulting in injury or death.
Rappie pie
Rappie pie is a traditional Acadian dish from southwest Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and areas of Prince Edward Island. It is sometimes referred to as rapure pie, râpée, or râpure. Its name is derived from the French patates râpées meaning 'grated potatoes'. It is a casserole-like dish formed by grating potatoes, then squeezing them through cheesecloth to remove some of the water from the potato solids. The removed liquid is replaced by adding hot broth made from chicken, pork or seafood along with meat and onions, and layering additional grated potatoes over the top.
Common meat fillings include beef, chicken, or bar clams.

Acadian cuisine
Acadian cuisine (French: Cuisine acadienne) comprises the traditional dishes of the Acadian people. It is primarily seen in the present-day cultural region of Acadia.Note 1 Acadian cuisine has been influenced by the Deportation of the Acadians, proximity to the ocean, the Canadian winter, bad soil fertility, the cuisine of Quebec, American cuisine, and English cuisine, among other factors.

Acadian cuisine is not very well known in Canada or internationally. It has much in common with Québécois cuisine because of its geographical proximity. The two often feature the same dishes, but the cuisine of Acadia puts more emphasis on seafood. Acadian cuisine has notably served as the base for Cajun cuisine because the Cajun are descendants of Acadians who were deported to Louisiana.Note 2 It is also believed that Acadians are responsible for normalizing potato consumption in France—a vegetable the French once considered poisonous.
1994 World Matchplay
The 1994 Proton Cars World Matchplay was the inaugural staging of the World Matchplay darts tournament, and was held in the Empress Ballroom at the Winter Gardens, Blackpool between 1–8 August 1994.

This was the first World Matchplay tournament to be held at Winter Gardens, and was sponsored by Malaysian automaker Proton. The tournament was won by Larry Butler, who became the first, and so far only player from the United States of America to win a PDC televised title. He defeated the reigning WDC World Champion Dennis Priestley in the final; Priestley would go onto lose the next two World Matchplay finals in addition to this.

World Matchplay (darts)
The World Matchplay, also known as the Betfred World Matchplay for sponsorship purposes, is a professional darts tournament and one of three legs of the Triple Crown. It is played in a legs format, and is run by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). Luke Littler is the current champion after winning the 2025 edition.
Phonograph cylinder
Phonograph cylinders (also referred to as Edison cylinders after their creator Thomas Edison) are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Known simply as "records" in their heyday (c. 1896–1916), a name since passed to their disc-shaped successors, these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. The first cylinders were wrapped with tin foil but the improved version made of wax was created a decade later, after which they were commercialized. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium.

Thomas Edison National Historical Park
Thomas Edison National Historical Park preserves Thomas Edison's laboratory and residence, Glenmont, in West Orange, New Jersey, United States. These were designed, in 1887, by architect Henry Hudson Holly. The Edison laboratories operated for more than 40 years. Out of the West Orange laboratories came the motion picture camera, improved phonographs, sound recordings, silent and sound movies and the nickel-iron alkaline electric storage battery.
427th Unmanned Systems Regiment (Ukraine)
The 427th Unmanned Systems Brigade ('Rarog')  (MUN A5067) is a brigade level military unit of the Unmanned Systems Forces command, engaged in developing drone warfare. It was established in April 2023 as a company of the 24th Mechanized Brigade, later being expanded to a battalion, a regiment in February 2025, and finally a brigade.

Unmanned Systems Forces (Ukraine)
The Unmanned Systems Forces (abbr.  USF, Ukrainian: Сили безпілотних систем, СБС, romanized: Syly bezpilotnykh system, SBS) is a branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Ukraine is the first country to have a separate branch of its military dedicated to Unmanned Systems. The USF was formally established on 11 June 2024, in the midst of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The USF conducts drone warfare using unmanned military robots on land, sea, and air. The USF does not command or control all Ukrainian drones. The Navy (including the Marines) and the Air Force control their own drone units, as do most of the brigades and units in the various land-based forces (Ground Forces, Air Assault Forces, National Guard, Special Forces, Intelligence Forces, etc) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Cedar Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Cedar Hill Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the Frankford neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was established by a company incorporated on March 25, 1850.  The main gatehouse was built in 1869.

Frankford, Philadelphia
Frankford is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia situated about six miles (10 km) northeast of Center City. Although its borders are vaguely defined, the neighborhood is bounded roughly by the original course of Frankford Creek on the south to Castor Ave and Roosevelt boulevard on the northwest and southwest, to Cheltenham Avenue on the north, and to Aramingo Avenue and I-95 on the east. Adjacent neighborhoods are Bridesburg, Juniata, Northwood, Summerdale, and Wissinoming.

Historically, Frankford had an unofficial division separating Frankford (proper) from East Frankford, which encompassed the area east of Frankford Avenue. The division divided the community first along racial lines, with African Americans to the east of Frankford Avenue and Caucasians to the west.
40th Chess Olympiad
The 40th Chess Olympiad (Turkish: 40. Satranç Olimpiyatı), organised by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs and comprising an open and women's tournament, as well as several events designed to promote the game of chess, was an international team chess event that took place in Istanbul, Turkey, from 27 August to 10 September 2012. The city also hosted the event in 2000.

More than 1,700 players and team captains participated, including 157 teams in the open and 127 teams in the women's section. The main competitive events were held at the Istanbul Expo Center. The Chief Arbiter of the event was Greece's International Arbiter Panagiotis Nikolopoulos.

Turkish Chess Federation
The Turkish Chess Federation (Turkish: Türkiye Satranç Federasyonu, TSF) is the governing chess organization within Turkey. The TSF was founded in 1954, and became a member of the FIDE in 1962. The federation was integrated into the General Directorate of Youth and Sports in 1991, gaining its official nationwide recognition. As of 2012, the president of the federation is Gülkız Tulay. Having over 800,000  licensed players, TSF is the largest sports Federation in Turkey.

The TSF is also member of the European Chess Union and Mediterranean Chess Association.
Wilbraham & Monson Academy
Wilbraham & Monson Academy (WMA) is a private college-preparatory school in Wilbraham, Massachusetts. Founded in 1804, it is a four-year boarding and day secondary school. It offers grades 6–12 and a postgraduate year. The School is located in the center of the town of Wilbraham, 75 miles (121 km) from Boston and 150 miles (240 km) from New York City.

Wilbraham, Massachusetts
Wilbraham is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb of the City of Springfield, and part of the Springfield Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,613 at the 2020 census.

Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Wilbraham.
Revolution Square, Moscow
Revolution Square (Russian: Площадь Революции, romanized: Ploshchad Revolyutsii), known as Resurrection Square (Russian: Воскресенская площадь, romanized: Voskresenskaya ploshchad) until 1918, is a square located in the center of Moscow, in Tverskoy District, northwest of Red Square. The square has the shape of an arc running from the southwest to the north and is bounded by Manezhnaya Square to the southwest, Okhotny Ryad to the north, and the buildings separating it from Nikolskaya Street to the south and to the east. It is one of the Central Squares of Moscow. The continuation of the Revolution Square north behind Okhotny Ryad is Teatralnaya Square.

There are three Moscow Metro stations located under the square, all of them having at least one exit at the square: Ploshchad Revolyutsii, named after the square, Teatralnaya, and Okhotny Ryad. All these stations are transfer stations, with Teatralnaya being connected with the other two.

Iberian Gate and Chapel
Resurrection Gate (Russian: Воскресенские ворота, romanized: Voskresenskiye vorota) or Iberian Gate (Russian: Иверские ворота, romanized: Iverskiye vorota) is the only remaining gate of Kitay-gorod in Moscow, Russia. It connects the north-western end of Red Square with Manege Square and gives its name to nearby Voskresenskaya Square (Resurrection Square, renamed Revolution Square in 1918). The gate adjoins the ornate building of the Moscow City Hall to the east and the State Historical Museum to the west. Just in front of the chapel is a bronze plaque marking kilometre zero of the Russian highway system.

Destroyed in 1931 by the Soviet regime, the gate and the chapel were rebuilt in the 1990s.
2005 Singaporean presidential election
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Singapore on 17 August 2005. 21 application forms for the Certificate of Eligibility required to contest were collected, and forms were submitted by four candidates. After considering the candidate's applications, the Presidential Elections Committee issued only one Certificate of Eligibility to the incumbent, Sellapan Ramanathan.

S.R. Nathan was the only candidate to stand nominated and thus was re-elected uncontested due to the lack of other eligible candidates. S.R. Nathan previously served as Singapore's Ambassador to the United States from 1990 to 1996. He continued his second term as the sixth President of Singapore.

Presidential Elections Committee
The Presidential Elections Committee (PEC) is a six-member council set up by the Government of Singapore to ensure that each candidate running for the office of President of Singapore fulfils the stringent qualifications set out in Article 19 of the Constitution of Singapore.
Rutland Trail
44°47′N 74°46′W﻿ / ﻿44.79°N 74.76°W﻿ / 44.79; -74.76

The Rutland Trail is a multi-use rail trail extending for 21.2 miles (34.1 km) from Norwood to Moira, New York. It consists of portions of the Rutland Railway in St. Lawrence and Franklin counties.

The trail starts from Railroad Avenue in Norwood (proceed eastward along the south side of the CSX tracks), and is continuous to Winthrop, where the bridge was removed. In Winthrop one must cross the St. Regis River on a highway bridge and skirt one half mile of railbed made inaccessible by the missing bridge. The trail is ridable from there into the village of North Lawrence, where the bridge was removed. Beyond that is a one-mile (1.6 km) section which is posted by Healthy Foods, Inc; beyond that section the trail is ridable to Moira.

Rutland Railroad
The Rutland Railroad (reporting mark RUT) was a railroad in the northeastern United States, located primarily in the state of Vermont but extending into the state of New York at both its northernmost and southernmost ends. After its closure in 1961, parts of the railroad were taken over by the State of Vermont in early 1963 and are now operated by the Vermont Railway.
Hiromura Embankment
The Hiromura Embankment (広村堤防, Hiromura teibō) is an Edo period seawall  on the Kii Channel coast in what is now part of the town of Hirogawa, Wakayama, Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1938. It was built by Hamaguchi Goryō after the 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake and continued to protect the town against the tsunami of the 1946 Nankai earthquake.

Hirogawa, Wakayama
Hirogawa (広川町, Hirogawa-chō) is a town in Arida District, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2021, the town had an estimated population of 6,778 in 2,833 households and a population density of 100 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 65.33 square kilometres (25.22 sq mi).
Philodendron sect. Baursia
Baursia is a section within the genus Philodendron that consists of 13 species of plants. Philodendron species that are members of this section are typically described as having very prominent lateral veins. They also have elongated oblong leaves with a few species that are exceptions to this rule. Members of this section are usually found within south-eastern South America and the upper Amazon basin. The type species for this section is Philodendron crassinervium.  Additionally, philodendron within this section have plurilocular ovaries.

Philodendron in the section Baursia are often confused with those of the section Philopsammos since they both are characterized by having long elliptical leaves. The two can be distinguished however because philopsammos philodendron have bilocular ovaries.

Philodendron
Philodendron is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. As of September 2025, the Plants of the World Online accepted 625 species; other sources accept different numbers. Regardless of number of species, the genus is the second-largest member of the family Araceae, after genus Anthurium. Taxonomically, the genus Philodendron is still poorly known, with many undescribed species. Many are grown as ornamental and indoor plants. The name derives from the Greek words philo- 'love, affection' and dendron 'tree'. The generic name, Philodendron, is often used as the English name.
Petnica Science Center
Petnica Science Center (pronounced [pɛ̌ːtnitsa]) (PSC) (Serbian: Истраживачка станица Петница, romanized: Istraživačka stanica Petnica) is an independent and nonprofit organization for extracurricular, formal and informal, science education located near Valjevo, Serbia. PSC has organized more than 3000 programs (seminars, workshops, research camps, conferences, etc.) since its opening, for nearly 50,000 students and science teachers in 15 disciplines of science, technology and humanities, with more than 7,000 lecturers.

Valjevo
Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, pronounced [ʋâːʎeʋo]) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2022 census, the city itself has a population of 56,145 while the city administrative area has 82,169 inhabitants. The city is situated along the river Kolubara.