hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Agency for French Education Abroad
The Agency for French Education Abroad, also known as the Agency for French Teaching Abroad (French: Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger; AEFE), is a national public agency under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France that ensures the quality of schools teaching the French national curriculum outside France. The AEFE has 495 schools in its worldwide network, with French as the primary language of instruction in most schools.

The AEFE head office is in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.

Lycée Français de San Francisco
The Lycée Français de San Francisco, previously known as the Lycée Français La Pérouse, is a private school in the San Francisco Bay Area. It welcomes students from preschool through middle, and high school grades. It has a primary campus and a secondary campus in San Francisco and a primary campus in Sausalito in Marin County.

Accredited by the French Ministry of Education and based on the French national curriculum, the school offers both a traditional French Track and an International Track. The International Track follows the International Baccalaureate (IB) program in Middle and High School, providing a rigorous, student-centered curriculum focused on critical thinking and global citizenship. No French? No problem! The International Track is open to students of all linguistic backgrounds, with no prior French required for admission.

The school prepares students to graduate with both their French Baccalauréat and the American High School diploma.
Simple present
The simple present, present simple,  or present indefinite is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to the present time. The simple present is the most commonly used verb form in English, accounting for more than half of verbs in spoken English.

It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as the present progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written). For nearly all English verbs, the simple present is identical to the base form (dictionary form) of the verb, except when the subject is third-person singular, in which case the ending -(e)s is added. There are a few verbs with irregular forms, the most notable being the copula be, which has the simple present forms of am, is, and are.

Uses of English verb forms
Modern standard English has various verb forms, including:

Finite verb forms such as go, goes and went

Nonfinite forms such as (to) go, going and gone

Combinations of such forms with auxiliary verbs, such as was going and would have gone

They can be used to express tense (time reference), aspect, mood, modality and voice, in various configurations.

For details of how inflected forms of verbs are produced in English, see English verbs. For the grammatical structure of clauses, including word order, see English clause syntax. For non-standard or archaic forms, see individual dialect articles and thou.
Robert Hale (publishers)
Robert Hale Limited was a London publisher of fiction and non-fiction books, founded in 1936, and also known as Robert Hale. It was based at Clerkenwell House, Clerkenwell Green. It ceased trading on 1 December 2015 and its imprints were sold to The Crowood Press.

Portrait of (book series)
The Portrait of books is a series of topographical works describing the cities, counties, and regions of Britain and some of the regions of France. The series was published by Robert Hale from the early 1960s to the mid 1980s and is part of a genre of topographical books in which Robert Hale specialised.

Its immediate predecessors were the County Books and Regional Books series while the Regions of Britain series was published contemporaneously in the 1970s. There was also a Villages series. A number of the Portrait series were republished in new editions titled "The Illustrated Portrait of...".

Described variously as neither literature, a history, or a guide book, the works attempted to sum-up the atmosphere of their area, and "the lives of its people, past and present".

The artwork for a number of the series dust jackets were designed by illustrator Val Biro.
Oscar Wilde (film)
Oscar Wilde is a 1960 biographical film about Oscar Wilde, made by Vantage Films and released by 20th Century Fox. The film was directed by Gregory Ratoff and produced by William Kirby, from a screenplay by Jo Eisinger, based on the play Oscar Wilde by Leslie Stokes and Sewell Stokes. The film starred Robert Morley (as Oscar Wilde), Ralph Richardson, Phyllis Calvert and Alexander Knox.

Oscar Wilde (play)
Oscar Wilde is a 1936 play written by Leslie Stokes and Sewell Stokes. It is based on the life of the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wilde's friend, the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris, appears as a character. The play, which contains much of Wilde's actual writings, starts with Wilde's literary success and his friendship with Lord Alfred Douglas, turns into a courtroom melodrama, and ends with Wilde as a broken alcoholic after two years in prison.
John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg
John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg (4 May 1656, in Zerbst – 1 November 1704, in Dornburg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dornburg, as well as a grandfather of Catherine the Great.

He was the sixth (but fourth surviving) son of John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, by his wife Sophie Auguste, daughter of Frederick III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.

Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg
The Principality of Anhalt-Dornburg was located in what is today Germany. It was created in 1667 following the death of Prince John VI and the partition of Anhalt-Zerbst with Anhalt-Mühlingen being created along with Anhalt-Dornburg for the younger sons of Prince John VI. The principality lasted until 1742 when Princes Christian August and John Louis II inherited Anhalt-Zerbst.
Armavir, Armenia
Armavir (Armenian: Արմավիր [ɑɾmɑˈviɾ]), is a town and urban municipal community located in the west of Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Armavir Province. It was founded in 1931 by the government of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. As of the 2011 census, the population of the town is 29,319, down from 46,900 as reported in the 1989 census. As of the 2022 census, the population of the town is 27,470. Currently, the town has a population of  38,495  as per the 2023 official estimate.

The town was known as Sardarapat before 1935, and Hoktemberyan from 1935 to 1995. Currently, Armavir is the seat of the Diocese of Armavir of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Armavir, Russia
Armavir (Russian: Армави́р; Adyghe: Ермэлхьабл, Ermălḥabl) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuban River. Population: 187,177 (2021 census); 188,832 (2010 census); 193,964 (2002 census); 160,983 (1989 Soviet census). As of 2020, the city has a population of 188,960, while the agglomeration has a population of 207,570. Armavir is the second-largest industrial center of Krasnodar Krai, after Krasnodar.
Mount Ambohitra
Ambohitra (Amber Mountain) is the highest mountain in northern Madagascar. It is south of Antsiranana. Its elevation is 1,475 m (4,838 ft) above sea level. The range in which it lies separate most of the northern part of the island from the rest of the island. Here much of the land is deforested for farming and cattle. As elsewhere on the island, much of the top soil is eroded away due to erosion caused by the deforestation and exacerbated by the large amounts of cattle grazing there.

The mountain is situated within Montagne d'Ambre National Park.

Montagne d'Ambre National Park
Montagne d'Ambre National Park is a national park in the Diana Region of northern Madagascar. The park is known for its endemic flora and fauna, water falls and crater lakes. It is 1,000 km (620 mi) north of the capital, Antananarivo, and is one of the most biologically diverse places in all of Madagascar with seventy-five species of birds, twenty-five species of mammals, and fifty-nine species of reptiles known to inhabit the park. The park is centred around Mount Ambohitra (Amber Mountain), the highest mountain in northern Madagascar.
Archdiocese of Lucca
Not to be confused with Archdiocese of Lecce.

The Archdiocese of Lucca (Latin: Archidioecesis Lucensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. The diocese dates back as a diocese to at least the 4th century; it became an archdiocese in 1726. The seat of the archbishop is in Lucca, in the cathedral of S. Martino. It is not a metropolitan see, has no suffragan dioceses, and is an exempt diocese, that is immediately subject (exempt) to the Holy See (Papacy).

Dioceses immediately subject to the Holy See
Dioceses immediately subject to the Holy See (Latin Dioecesis Sedi Apostolicae immediately subiecta) in the Catholic Church are dioceses or ecclesiastical jurisdictions directly dependent upon the Holy See and not subject to the supervisory authority of a metropolitan archbishop, an exemption under Catholic canon law. An equivalent expression, now outdated, is exempt diocese (free from metropolitan jurisdiction).
Massachusetts Route 112
Route 112 is a 54.11-mile-long (87.08 km) rural state highway through western Franklin and Hampshire Counties. It begins at U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in Huntington and ends at the Vermont state line in Colrain, where it continues as Vermont Route 112.

Massachusetts Route 116
Route 116 is a 68.26-mile-long (109.85 km) north–south (though in its northern part it is more east-west) state highway in Massachusetts. The route runs from Route 20A in Springfield through mill towns, college towns and rural towns, crossing the Connecticut River three times before finally ending at Route 8 in Adams.
Strandvik
Strandvik is a village in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village lies on the northern shore of the Bjørnafjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of Osøyro (across the fjord) and about the same distance southeast of the village of Fusa. Strandvik Church is located in the village.

Strandvik Church
Strandvik Church (Norwegian: Strandvik kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Strandvik. It is one of the churches for the Fusa parish which is part of the Fana prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1857 using plans drawn up by the architect Frederik Hannibal Stockfleth. The church seats about 450 people.
Varma (crater)
Varma is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on June 18, 2013. Varma is named for the Indian painter Raja Ravi Varma.

Varma is east of the slightly smaller crater Rikyū.

Rikyū (crater)
Rikyū is a crater on Mercury.  Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on June 18, 2013. Rikyū is named for Japanese tea master and designer of the Japanese tea ceremony Sen no Rikyū.

Rikyū is west of the slightly larger crater Varma.
Code-excited linear prediction
Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is a linear predictive speech coding algorithm originally proposed by Manfred R. Schroeder and Bishnu S. Atal in 1985. At the time, it provided significantly better quality than existing low bit-rate algorithms, such as residual-excited linear prediction (RELP) and linear predictive coding (LPC) vocoders (e.g., FS-1015). Along with its variants, such as algebraic CELP, relaxed CELP, low-delay CELP and vector sum excited linear prediction, it is currently the most widely used speech coding algorithm. It is also used in MPEG-4 Audio speech coding. CELP is commonly used as a generic term for a class of algorithms and not for a particular codec.

Speex
The Speex project is an attempt to create a free software speech codec, unencumbered by patent restrictions. Speex is licensed under the BSD License and is used with the Xiph.org Foundation's Ogg container format.

The Speex coder uses the Ogg bitstream format, and the Speex designers see their project as complementary to the Vorbis general-purpose audio compression project.

The developers of Speex have since 2012 considered it to be obsoleted by Opus.
2016 New Zealand Derby
The 2016 New Zealand Derby was a horse race, which took place at Ellerslie Racecourse on Saturday 5 March 2016. It was the 141st running of the New Zealand Derby, and it was won by Rangipo.

In what was widely considered to be an unusually even Derby field, Rangipo brought strong form into the race with wins in the Great Northern Guineas, Waikato Guineas and Avondale Guineas. Being a son of speedy Australian stallion Stryker, the main question mark hanging over his credentials was his stamina for the 2400-metre test.

But after sitting midfield behind a solid early pace, Rangipo moved into contention in the home straight and held on strongly to beat the fast-finishing What's The Story by a short head. The winner's stablemate Raghu was third, ahead of fillies Capella and Valley Girl who came with big late finishes from well back in the field.

It was the first New Zealand Derby win for trainer Tony Pike and a sixth for jockey Vinnie Colgan.

New Zealand Derby
The New Zealand Derby is a set-weights Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, run over a distance of 2,400 metres (12 furlongs) at Ellerslie Racecourse in Auckland, New Zealand. It is held in March each year.
Whitehouse Primary School
Whitehouse Primary School is a controlled primary school in Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland. It was destroyed in an arson attack on 18 July 2009. After the school was destroyed, its students were temporarily housed in nearby Newtownabby High School. On 14 May 2010, Education Minister Caitríona Ruane approved an amount of £3.6m for rebuilding the school.

The school colours are Red, Green and White. There is also a new logo for the school, which reads "Whitehouse Primary School Learning to live". The old one simply said "Whitehouse P.S." In 2025, 382 were enrolled in the primary school, with another 52 enrolled full-time with the nursery unit.

Newtownabbey
Newtownabbey is a large settlement north of Belfast city centre in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It is separated from the rest of the city by Cavehill and Fortwilliam golf course, but it still forms part of the Belfast metropolitan area. It surrounds Carnmoney Hill, and was formed from the merging of several small villages including Whiteabbey, Glengormley and Carnmoney. At the 2021 census, Metropolitan Newtownabbey Settlement had a population of 67,599, making it the third largest settlement in Northern Ireland and seventh on the Island of Ireland. It is part of Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.
Musa exotica
Musa exotica is a species of wild banana (genus Musa), native to Vietnam. It is placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20. It was only described in 2004, from a collection in the Cúc Phương Forest Reservation, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam. The clear orange bud is upright; small yellow bananas develop below the male flowers.

Musa (genus)
Musa is one of three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes 83 species of flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains (also known as cooking bananas), and fiber (abacá), used to make paper and cloth. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants.
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo
Goodfellow's tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus goodfellowi), also called the ornate tree-kangaroo, is an endangered, long-tailed mammal native to rainforests of New Guinea. Like most tree-kangaroos (genus Dendrolagus), it lives in the treetops and feeds on leaves or other plant matter. It belongs to the macropod family (Macropodidae) along with kangaroos, and carries its young in a pouch like other marsupials. Its main threats are habitat loss and hunting.  There are two subspecies: D. g. goodfellowi and D. g. buergersi (known as Buergers' tree-kangaroo).

Macropodidae
Macropodidae is a family of marsupials that includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons, the quokka, and several other groups. These genera are allied to the suborder Macropodiformes, containing other macropods, and are native to the Australian continent (the mainland and Tasmania), New Guinea and nearby islands. As of 2025 there are 63 recognised living species in this family.
Gay men's flags
Various pride flags have been used to symbolize gay men. Rainbow flags have been used since 1978 to represent both gay men and the LGBTQ community as a whole. Since the 2010s, various designs have been proposed to specifically represent the gay male community, the flag shown below is the most common one today.

Gay men
Gay men are male homosexuals. Historic terminology for gay men has included inverts and uranians.

Gay men continue to face significant discrimination in large parts of the world, particularly in parts of Asia and Africa. In the Western world, many gay men still experience discrimination in their daily lives, though some openly gay men have reached national success and prominence, including Apple CEO Tim Cook and heads of state or government such as Edgars Rinkēvičs (president of Latvia since 2023).

The word gay is recommended by LGBTQ groups and style guides to describe all people exclusively attracted to members of the same sex, while lesbian refers specifically to female homosexuals, and gay men to male homosexuals.
Chadititan
Chadititan (meaning "titan of the salt") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Anacleto Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, C. calvoi, known from several fragmentary skeletons. Chadititan is characterized by its small size compared to related taxa and its particularly gracile limbs.

Rinconsauria
Rinconsauria is an extinct clade of titanosaurian sauropods known from the late Cretaceous period of Argentina. All members of this clade are fairly small compared to the largest titanosaurs, at less than around 11 metres (36 ft) long. The membership of Rinconsauria is highly unstable; some phylogenetic analyses find the clade to be restricted to the two genera that define the clade, Rinconsaurus and Muyelensaurus, but over twenty other titanosaur genera have been included in the clade by various analyses.
Action of 30 October 1762
The action of 30 October 1762 was a minor naval battle that was fought in the San Bernardino Strait off the coast of British-occupied Manila in the Philippines between two Royal Navy ships and a Spanish ship; the 60 gun ship of the line HMS Panther under Captain Hyde Parker and the frigate HMS Argo under Richard King captured the heavily armed Spanish treasure galleon Santisima Trinidad.

British occupation of Manila
The Kingdom of Great Britain occupied the Spanish colonial capital of Manila and the nearby port of Cavite for eighteen months, from 6 October 1762 to the first week of April 1764. The occupation was an extension of the larger Seven Years' War between Britain and France, which Spain had recently entered on the side of the French.

The British wanted to use Manila as an entrepôt for trade in the region, particularly with China. In addition, the Spanish governor agreed to deliver a ransom to the British in exchange for the city being spared from any further sacking. However, the resistance from the provisional Spanish colonial government, established by members of the Royal Audience of Manila and led by Lieutenant Governor Simón de Anda y Salazar, whose mostly Filipino troops prevented British forces from expanding their control beyond the neighbouring towns of Manila and Cavite, led to the project's abandonment.: 57
Arapuá
Arapuá is a Brazilian municipality located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 2,835 people living in a total area of 172 km2 (66 sq mi). The city belongs to the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaiba and to the microregion of Patos de Minas.  It became a municipality in 1962.

Carmo do Paranaíba
Carmo do Paranaíba  is a Brazilian municipality located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 30,334 people living in a total area of 1,307 km2 (505 sq mi). The city belongs to the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaiba and to the microregion of Patos de Minas.  It became a municipality in 1887.
Soyuz 7K-OK
Soyuz 7K-OK was the first generation of Soyuz spacecraft and was flown between 1967 and 1971. The 7K-OK was used for the first ferry flights to the Salyut space station program, beginning a long history of space station service that continues with the International Space Station (ISS).

As of 2026, the 7K-OK was responsible for the only fatalities of the Soyuz programme, with Soyuz 1 in 1967 (sole crew-member killed by parachute failure) and Soyuz 11 in 1971 (three crew killed by depressurisation during reentry).

The first uncrewed automated docking in the history of spaceflight was achieved between 7K-OK spacecraft Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188 in 1967. Additional firsts include the first docking between two crewed spacecraft (Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5), the longest crewed flight involving only one spacecraft (the 18-day flight of Soyuz 9 in 1970), and the first successful transfer of crew to the first space station in the history of space flight (Soyuz 11 and Salyut 1 in 1971).

Soyuz programme
The Soyuz programme (/ˈsɔɪjuːz/ SOY-yooz, /ˈsɔː-/ SAW-; Russian: Союз [sɐˈjus], meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes.

The programme consists of the Soyuz capsule and the Soyuz rocket and is now the responsibility of Roscosmos. After the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, the Soyuz was the only way for humans to get to the International Space Station (ISS) until 30 May 2020 when Crew Dragon flew to the ISS for the first time with astronauts.
Gun Hill Road (road)
Gun Hill Road is a major thoroughfare in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The road stretches for 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Mosholu Parkway in Norwood to the Hutchinson River Parkway in Baychester. Van Cortlandt Park and the Mosholu Golf Course are both located at the western terminus of Gun Hill Road.

Gun Hill Road station (IRT White Plains Road Line)
The Gun Hill Road station (referred to on strip maps as Gun Hill Road–White Plains Road) is an express station on the IRT White Plains Road Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Gun Hill and White Plains Roads in the Williamsbridge neighborhood of the Bronx, it is served by the 2 train at all times and by the 5 train during rush hours in the peak direction; limited a.m. rush hour 5 trains from Manhattan also terminate at this station in the northbound direction only.
Agios Theodoros, Larnaca
Agios Theodoros (Cypriot Greek: Άγιος Θεόδωρος; Cypriot Turkish: Aytotoro or Boğaziçi) is a village located in the Larnaca District of Cyprus, located about 40 km south of the capital Nicosia and 20 km west of the district's capital of Larnaca. As of the last official census in 2021, the village had a population of 727.

Kofinou
Kofinou (Greek: Κοφίνου; Turkish: Köfünye or Geçitkale) is a village located in the Larnaca District of Cyprus. It is situated where the roads from Nicosia, Larnaca and Limassol trisected, prior to the by-pass built in the 1990s.