hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Harold Owen
William Harold Owen (5 September 1897 – 26 November 1971) was the younger brother and biographer of the English poet and soldier, Wilfred Owen. He was born at the home of his paternal grandparents in Canon Street, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, where his parents and older siblings were living before his father moved to a station master's post at Birkenhead in 1898.

For decades Harold Owen tried to control the public image of his dead brother. His three-volume biography of Wilfred, Journey from Obscurity (1963–1965), was for many years assumed to be an accurate and objective record. It has since come to be regarded as a somewhat romanticised version of events. In particular, Harold feared that the public might discover that his brother had been a homosexual and censored many of his letters and diaries.

Wilfred Owen
Wilfred Edward Salter Owen MC (18 March 1893 – 4 November 1918) was an English poet and soldier. He was one of the leading poets of the First World War. His war poetry on the horrors of trenches and gas warfare was much influenced by his mentor Siegfried Sassoon and stood in contrast to the public perception of war at the time and to the confidently patriotic verse written by earlier war poets such as Rupert Brooke. Among his best-known works – most of which were published posthumously – are "Dulce et Decorum est", "Insensibility", "Anthem for Doomed Youth", "Futility", "Spring Offensive" and "Strange Meeting". Owen was killed in action on 4 November 1918, a week before the Armistice, at the age of 25.
Contoocook Lake
Contoocook Lake (/kənˈtʊkək/ ⓘ) is a 344-acre (1.4 km2) water body located in Cheshire County in southwestern New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Jaffrey and Rindge. The lake, along with Pool Pond, forms the headwaters of the Contoocook River, which flows north to the Merrimack River in Penacook, New Hampshire.

The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, white perch, yellow perch, black crappie, bluegill, pumpkinseed, chain pickerel, and brown bullhead.

Rindge, New Hampshire
Rindge is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,476 at the 2020 census, up from 6,014 at the 2010 census. Rindge is home to Franklin Pierce University, the Cathedral of the Pines and part of Annett State Forest.
The Bridestones
The Bridestones is a chambered cairn, near Congleton, Cheshire, England, that was constructed in the Neolithic period about 3500–2400 BC. It was described in 1764 as being 120 yards (110 m) long and 12 yards (11 m) wide, containing three separate compartments, of which only one remains today. The remaining compartment is 6 metres (20 ft) long by 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) wide, and consists of vertical stone slabs, divided by a now-broken cross slab. The cairn originally had a stone circle surrounding it, with four portal stones; two of these portal stones still remain.  The site is protected as a scheduled ancient monument.

Henry Rowlands
Henry Rowlands (1655–1723) was rector of Llanidan on Anglesey, and the author of Mona Antiqua Restaurata: An Archaeological Discourse on the Antiquities, Natural and Historical, of the Isle of Anglesey, the Antient Seat of the British Druids (first edition, 1723). The book includes an early description of The Bridestones.
2019 Ghana Movie Awards
The 2019 Ghana Movie Awards was an event held at National Theatre on December 20, 2019. At the event, Actress Salma Mumin made history as she won her first best actress in the lead role award category. Actor Alphonse Menyo also took home his first trophy for best actor in role category. The annual award recognises excellence in the Ghana's movie industry and this was its ninth edition.

The most nominations going to Gold Coast Lounge, Away Bus, A.B.A.D and most wins awarded to Gold Coast Lounge movie and its cast.

Ghana Movie Awards
Ghana Movie Awards is an annual film award to recognise excellence in the Ghanaian film industry. The first edition was held on 25 December 2010 at the Accra International Conference Center. It’s only in 2017 that the ceremony wasn’t held due to the franchise being given to Zylofon media that year. The Award Sheme was founded by Ghanaian actor Fred Nuamah in 2009.
Vegårshei
Vegårshei is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative center is the village of Myra. Other villages in Vegårshei include Mo and Ubergsmoen.

The 356-square-kilometre (137 sq mi) municipality is the 249th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vegårshei is the 272nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,143. The municipality's population density is 6.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (17/sq mi) and its population has increased by 7.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Ubergsmoen
Ubergsmoen is a village in Vegårshei municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located at the junction of the Norwegian County Road 414 and Norwegian County Road 415. The lake Ubergsvann lies just south of the village and the mountain Ubergfjellet lies on the west side of the village. The 0.24-square-kilometre (59-acre) village has a population (2017) of 228 which gives the village a population density of 950 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,500/sq mi).
Musa lawitiensis
Musa lawitiensis is a species of wild banana (genus Musa), native to the island of Borneo (both the Indonesian and Malaysian portions). It is placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), having a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20.

Musa (genus)
Musa is one of three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes 83 species of flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains (also known as cooking bananas), and fiber (abacá), used to make paper and cloth. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants.
Airat Ichmouratov
Airat Rafailovich Ichmouratov (Russian: Айрат Рафаилович Ишмуратов, Tatar Cyrillic:  Айрат Рафаил улы Ишмурат, born 28 June 1973) is a Volga Tatar born Russian and Canadian composer, conductor and klezmer clarinetist. He is a founding member and clarinetist of award-winning Montreal-based klezmer group Kleztory and invited professor at Laval University in Quebec, Canada.

Symphony in A minor (Ichmouratov)
The  Symphony in A minor, "On the Ruins of an Ancient Fort", Op. 55, was composed by Airat Ichmouratov in 2017 with support by Longueuil Arts Council. It was premiered in  Longueuil City on 28 September 2018 by Longueuil Symphony Orchestra under the baton of French-Canadian conductor Marc David. Ichmouratov's Symphony seeks to recreate the vitality of Longueuil, a city on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, from its beginnings as an outpost of New France (only the foundations of Fort Longueuil remain) to the present day.
Mercy High School (San Francisco)
Mercy High School was a Catholic all-girls college-preparatory high school located in San Francisco, California. It was a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, and was sponsored by the Sisters of Mercy in Dublin, Ireland. The campus was located on 19th Avenue, near San Francisco State University, and included a multipurpose pavilion, which was built and dedicated to Catherine McAuley in 2001. The school permanently closed in the summer of 2020 and was replaced by the Chinese American International School.

Archdiocese of San Francisco
The Archdiocese of San Francisco (Latin: Archdiœcesis Sancti Francisci; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de San Francisco) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the northern California region of the United States. The Archdiocese of San Francisco was erected on July 29, 1853, by Pope Pius IX. Its cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption.
Rock & Roll Jihad
Rock & Roll Jihad is the first soundtrack album and the eighteenth overall album of the Pakistani band, Junoon. The soundtrack is based on Salman Ahmad and Junoon's musical journey. The album features five new studio recordings along with five live tracks from "The concert for Pakistan" and the album was officially released on 1 June 2010 under the record label Nameless Sufi Music on all major online stores. Salman Ahmad, lead guitarist & vocalist, also published a book named, Rock & Roll Jihad: A Muslim Rock Star's Revolution, regarding his time with Junoon and all the struggle he faced to become a rockstar.

On 30 November 2009, Junoon announced that the first single off the album would be the song "Love Can You Take Me Back". On 14 March 2010, Junoon released the video of their first single.

Rock & Roll Jihad: A Muslim Rock Star's Revolution
Rock & Roll Jihad: A Muslim Rock Star's Revolution is a book written by Salman Ahmad, published on 12 January 2010 by Simon & Schuster.

It is a biography of the author regarding his time with his rock band Junoon and all the struggle he faced to become a rockstar in Pakistan.

On 14 March 2010, Junoon released the video of their first single, "Love Can You Take Me Back", following the soundtrack album release of Rock & Roll Jihad based on the book published on 12 January 2010.
Cambar
The Cambar is the first autosexing breed of chicken intentionally created, and the first autosexing breed of poultry in general. The Cambar was developed by Reginald Punnett and Michael Pease in 1929. The Cambar was a mixture of the Barred Plymouth Rock and the Gold Campine.

Campine chicken
The Campine (French pronunciation: [kɑ̃pin] ⓘ) is a breed of domestic chicken originating in the northern part of Belgium. It is named for the Campine region of north-eastern Belgium and south-eastern Netherlands. It was known there as the Kempisch Hoen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɛmpis ˈɦun]).
Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve
Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve is a nature reserve of northern Chile's Tarapacá Region located in the Pampa del Tamarugal, about 70 km (43 mi) east of Iquique.

The reserve consists of three separate sectors: Zapiga, Bosque Nativo de La Tirana, and Pintados. The major highlights are the artificially planted  forests of the genus Prosopis (primarily Prosopis tamarugo), found in the middle of a rainless desert, and the Pintados geoglyphs.

The protected area covers 1,271.49 square kilometres (127,149 ha) in total.

The sectors of Zapiga and Pintados are crossed by the Pan-American Highway and Sector Bosque Nativo de La Tirana can be accessed from A-665 Route.

Pampa del Tamarugal
Pampa del Tamarugal ("Plateau of the Tamarugal") is a vast plain encompassing a significant portion of the Norte Grande, Chile, and originally named for the Prosopis tamarugo trees that used to cover its surface. It is located between the parallels 19°30’ and 22°15’ south latitude. Sometimes it is considered part of the Atacama Desert, however historically it wasn't. It is bounded on the west by the Chilean Coastal Range and on the east by the western slopes of the Andes.  The plain occupies a surface area of 12,500 km2 with an average elevation of 1,100 m.
Salopella
Salopella is a form genus for small fossil plants of Late Silurian to Early Devonian age. The diagnostic characters are naked axes branching isotomously, terminating in fusiform sporangia. The sporangia are unbranched, but in at least the type species the axes seem to branch just under the sporangia. It differs from the similar form genus Tortilicaulis in that the sporangia do not have spirally arranged cells, and from other similar form genera such as Cooksonia, Uskiella and Tarrantia in the shape of the sporangia.

Species have been reported from Wales, Xinjiang, Brazil and Australia. Most species are based on very small fragments of the tips of plants, the exceptions being the two Australian species which preserve rather more of the plant. The relationships of the genus are not clear because many anatomical details remain unknown. A useful summary table of what data is known was given by Edwards et al. It has been considered to be a member of the rhyniophytes.

Rhyniophyte
The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around 420 to 393 million years ago). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class Rhyniopsida, others as the subdivision Rhyniophytina or the division Rhyniophyta. The first definition of the group, under the name Rhyniophytina, was by Banks,: 8  since when there have been many redefinitions,: 96–97  including by Banks himself. "As a result, the Rhyniophytina have slowly dissolved into a heterogeneous collection of plants ... the group contains only one species on which all authors agree: the type species Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii".: 94  When defined very broadly, the group consists of plants with dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes ("stems") with terminal spore-bearing structures (sporangia).: 227  The rhyniophytes are considered to be stem group tracheophytes (vascular plants).
Troublesome Night 14
Troublesome Night 14 (Chinese: 陰陽路十四之雙鬼拍門; lit. 'Yin Yang Road Fourteen: Two Ghosts Knocking on the Door') is a 2002 Hong Kong comedy horror film produced by Nam Yin and directed by Yip Wai-ying. It is the 14th of the 20 films in the Troublesome Night film series, and the seventh of the Buds timeline.

Troublesome Night (film series)
Troublesome Night (Chinese: 陰陽路; lit. 'Yin Yang Road') is a comedy horror anthology film series from Hong Kong. Directed primarily from Herman Yau, the series includes 20 films, making it one of the longest-running in Hong Kong cinema. Each film features standalone stories or connected plots about supernatural events and ghost encounters, often set in everyday Hong Kong life.
Heart of Dallas Classic
The Heart of Dallas Classic was a planned annual college football game played on the opening weekend of the State Fair of Texas at the historic Cotton Bowl in Fair Park, Dallas, Texas. However, the game was not renewed beyond its initial contest.

State Fair of Texas
The State Fair of Texas is an annual state fair held in Dallas at historic Fair Park. The fair has taken place every year since 1886 except for varying periods during World War I and World War II as well as 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It usually begins the last Friday in September and ends 24 days later. The fair reports annual audited attendance of generally more than two million visitors based on ticket scanning. The State Fair of Texas is considered one of the best in America as well as Dallas' signature event despite its troubled history regarding, among other things, its relationship with the surrounding predominantly African-American community.
Anthony J. Biase
Anthony Joseph Biase (September 6, 1909 – September 21, 1991) was an American mobster who had a long career in gambling and narcotics, and was a caporegime of the Civella crime family's Omaha, Nebraska faction.

Kansas City crime family
The Kansas City crime family, also known as the Civella crime family or the Kansas City Mafia or the Clique, is an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Kansas City, Missouri, and throughout the Greater Kansas City area. The organization formed during the early 1910s. It is named after Nicholas Civella, the family’s longest serving boss from 1953 until his death in 1983.
Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable from a background. Human vision is more sensitive to relative differences than to absolute luminance, so perceived appearance can remain fairly stable despite large changes in illumination.

The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.

Spatial frequency
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, spatial frequency is a characteristic of any structure that is periodic across position in space. The spatial frequency is a measure of how often sinusoidal components (as determined by the Fourier transform) of the structure repeat per unit of distance.

The SI unit of spatial frequency is the reciprocal metre (m−1), although cycles per meter (c/m) is also common. In image-processing applications, spatial frequency is often expressed in units of cycles per millimeter (c/mm) or also line pairs per millimeter (LP/mm).

In wave propagation, the spatial frequency is also known as wavenumber. Ordinary wavenumber is defined as the reciprocal of wavelength  and is commonly denoted by  or sometimes :

Angular wavenumber , expressed in rad per metre (rad/m), is related to ordinary wavenumber and wavelength by
Pier 11/Wall Street
Pier 11/Wall Street is a pier providing slips to ferries and excursion boats on the East River in the Port of New York and New Jersey. It is located east of South Street and  FDR Drive just south of Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The ferry terminal has five landings (A, B, C, D, E), each with two berths, and is used by three privately owned companies.

Public transportation available within walking distance includes the New York City Subway's 1​, N, ​R, and ​W trains at South Ferry – Whitehall Street and 2 and ​3 trains at Wall Street; the M15, M15 SBS, M20, M55 New York City Bus routes, and the Staten Island Ferry at the Whitehall Terminal.

Port of New York and New Jersey
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the port district of the New York–Newark metropolitan area, encompassing a region within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

It includes the system of navigable waterways in the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary, which runs along over 770 miles (1,240 km) of shoreline in the vicinity of New York City and northeastern New Jersey, and is considered one of the largest natural harbors in the world.

Having long been the busiest port on the East Coast it became the busiest port by maritime cargo volume in the United States in 2022  and is a major economic engine for the region.

The region's airports make the port the nation's top gateway for international flights and its busiest center for overall passenger and air freight flights. There are two foreign-trade zones (FTZ) within the port.
Chibo
A chibo (or chebo) is a torch used in the Ethiopian Orthodox ceremonies of Buhe, Meskel, and Enkutatash (the Ethiopian New Year). Chibo is Amharic for "bundle of sticks tied together." Chibo represents the following period of sunny days, from the previous seasons of rain and clouds.

Buhe
Buhe (Ge'ez: ቡሄ Buhē) is a feast day observed by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church on 19 August (13 Nahase in the Ethiopian calendar). On this date, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church celebrates the Transfiguration of Jesus on Mount Tabor (Debre Tabor Ge'ez: ደብረ ታቦር).
Mizokuchi, Tottori
Mizokuchi (溝口町, Mizokuchi-chō) was a town located in Hino District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,309 and a density of 52.88 persons per km2. The total area was 100.40 km2 (38.76 sq mi).

On January 1, 2005, Mizokuchi, along with the town of Kishimoto (from Saihaku District), was merged to create the town of Hōki (in Saihaku District).

Prior to the merger, an oni statue (which still stands in Hōki today) was built to serve as Mizokuchi's town mascot.

Hōki, Tottori
Hōki (伯耆町, Hōki-chō) is a town in Saihaku District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the town had an estimated population of 10,420 in 3871 households and a population density of 75 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 139.44 square kilometres (53.84 sq mi). On the west side of the train tracks just after leaving Hōki-Mizoguchi station, a very large green statue of an Oni is visible on the hill overlooking the town and the Hino River. Before the Kishimoto-Mizokuchi town merger which created Hōki, the oni was Mizokuchi's town mascot and as such is featured on manhole covers, phone booths, post boxes and even the town's highway rest stop (where the building housing the restrooms is shaped like a giant oni head).
Index of Islam-related articles
This article includes an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world. The list list is intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories. This list is not complete; please add to it as needed. This list may contain multiple transliterations of the same word: please do not delete the multiple alternative spellings—instead, please make redirects to the appropriate pre-existing Wikipedia article if one is present.

Shahada
The Shahada (Arabic: الشَّهَادَةُ aš-šahādatu; Arabic pronunciation: [aʃ.ʃahaːdatu], 'the testimony'), also transliterated as Shahadah, is an Islamic oath and creed, and one of the Five Pillars of Islam and part of the adhan. It reads: "I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." The Shahada declares belief in the oneness (tawhid) of God and the acceptance of Muhammad as God's messenger. Some Shia Muslims also include a statement of belief in the wilayat of Ali, but they do not consider it as an obligatory part for converting to Islam.

A single honest recitation of the Shahada is all that is required for a person to become a Muslim according to most traditional schools.
Unknown Mortal Orchestra
Unknown Mortal Orchestra (also known as UMO) is a New Zealand psychedelic rock band from Auckland and now based in Portland, Oregon. Fronted by multi-instrumentalist Ruban Nielson, assisted by his brother Kody Nielson and bassist Jacob Portrait, Nielson started the band in 2009, initially as a solo project. The band's first album was released in 2011 on Fat Possum Records.

II (Unknown Mortal Orchestra album)
II is the second studio album from the band Unknown Mortal Orchestra, released in February 2013. A 15-track Deluxe Edition was released in October, along with the EP Blue Record. A 10th anniversary special vinyl reissue was released on 17 November 2023.
Ioffe Institute
The Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (for short, Ioffe Institute, Russian: Физико-технический институт им. А. Ф. Иоффе) is one of Russia's largest research centers specialized in physics and technology. The institute was established in 1918 in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and run for several decades by Abram Ioffe. The institute is a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As of June 2024 the Ioffe Institute employed 1977 individuals including both scientific and non-scientific staff.

Nikolay Semyonov
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov ForMemRS, sometimes Semenov, Semionov or Semenoff (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; 15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1896 – 25 September 1986) was a Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.