hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slavery in Zanzibar
Slavery existed in the Sultanate of Zanzibar until 1909. Slavery and slave trade existed in the Zanzibar Archipelago for at least a thousand years. During the 19th century, the rise of large-scale clove and coconut plantations under Omani Arab rule led to a significant expansion of the slave system. By some estimates, enslaved people constituted up to two-thirds of the archipelago's population at its peak. Zanzibar was internationally known as a major player in the Indian Ocean slave trade, where slaves from the Swahili coast of Eastern Africa were trafficked across the Indian Ocean to Oman in the Arabian Peninsula during the Zanzibar slave trade.

During the 19th-century, Britain conducted an international abolitionist campaign against the Sultanate and restricted and eventually abolished the slavery and slave trade in Zanzibar via a number of treaties between 1822 and 1897, resulting in the end of the slave trade and finally the end of slavery itself in 1909.

Said bin Sultan
Sayyid Saïd bin Sultan al-Busaidi (Arabic: سعيد بن سلطان, Saʿīd bin Sulṭān, Swahili: Saïd bin Sultani) (5 June 1791 – 19 October 1856) was Sultan of Muscat and Oman, the fifth ruler of the Al Bu Said dynasty from 1804 to 4 June 1856. His rule began after a period of conflict and internecine rivalry of succession that followed the death of his father, Sultan bin Ahmad, in November 1804. He is often referred to as the Lion of Oman (أسد عمان), as one of the greatest Omani sultans.

Said's uncle Qais bin Ahmad finally agreed to Said's primacy after Said had killed his cousin, Badr bin Saif, a pretender to the throne. Said is noted for moving his capital to Zanzibar, where it remained during the time when the Omani Empire reached the zenith of its power and wealth.
Immersion (virtual reality)
In virtual reality (VR), immersion is the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. The perception is created by surrounding the user of the VR system in images, sound or other stimuli that provide an engrossing total environment.

Joseph Nechvatal
Joseph Nechvatal (born January 15, 1951): 1176   is an American post-conceptual digital artist and art theoretician who creates computer-assisted paintings and computer animations, often using custom computer viruses.
Halesowen College of Further Education
Halesowen College is a further and higher education college in Whittingham Road, Halesowen, West Midlands. It was established in 1982 as a tertiary college. The college also has a Business Centre about a mile away at Coombswood that opened in September 1999.

Halesowen
Halesowen (/heɪlzˈoʊ.ɪn/ haylz-OH-in) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically an exclave of Shropshire and, from 1844, in Worcestershire, the town is around 7 miles (11 km) from Birmingham city centre, and 6 miles (10 km) from Dudley town centre. The population at the 2011 Census, was 58,135. Halesowen is in the Halesowen parliamentary constituency.
Lasioloma
Lasioloma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Ectolechiaceae. The genus was circumscribed by the Swedish lichenologist Rolf Santesson in 1952, with Lasioloma arachnoideum assigned as the type species. Found predominantly in tropical rainforests, genus Lasioloma contains both foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) and corticolous (bark-dwelling) species. The foliicolous species are distinguished by their woolly prothallus (initial growth stage), a thallus that ranges from dispersed to continuous, and a hairy apothecial margin (the edge of the spore-producing structure). In contrast, corticolous species typically do not have a woolly prothallus, and their thalli are usually continuous, or unbroken. Regardless of the substrate they inhabit, all known Lasioloma species are characterized by the production of campylidia (types of specialized reproductive structures) and branched conidia (asexual, non-motile spores).

Ectolechiaceae
The Ectolechiaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales. The species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been found in a variety of climatic regions. The family was first described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1905, originally for a group of tropical, leaf-dwelling lichens. Its scope has since expanded considerably, and the family now encompasses both tropical genera such as Byssoloma and Calopadia and the large, predominantly temperate-to-arctic genus Micarea. As of 2026, the family contains more than 30 genera and an estimated 470 species.
Howard Community College
Howard Community College (HCC or Howard CC) is a public community college in Columbia, Maryland. It offers classes for credit in more than 100 programs, non-credit classes, and workforce development programs. In addition to the main campus in Columbia, courses are also held at two satellite campuses.

Calvin Ball III
Calvin B. Ball III (born September 2, 1975) is an American politician who serves as the county executive of Howard County, Maryland. A member of the Democratic Party, he is the first African-American to hold this office. He previously served as a member of the Howard County Council from the 2nd district from 2006 to 2018.
Pyramid of Amenemhat I
The Pyramid of Amenemhat I is an Egyptian burial structure built at Lisht by the founder of the 12th Dynasty of Egypt, Amenemhat I.

This structure returned to the approximate size and form of Old Kingdom pyramids. It also, however, established a new tradition of giving each component structure in the pyramid complex its own unique name. The structures together were known as "The places of the appearances of Amenemhat".

Lisht
Lisht or el-Lisht (Arabic: اللشت, romanized: Al-Lišt) is an Egyptian village located south of Cairo. It is the site of Middle Kingdom royal and elite burials, including two pyramids built by Amenemhat I and Senusret I. The two main pyramids were surrounded by smaller pyramids of members of the royal family, and many mastaba tombs of high officials and their family members. They were constructed throughout the Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties. The site is also known for the tomb of Senebtisi, found undisturbed and from which a set of jewelry has been recovered. The pyramid complex of Senusret I is the best preserved from this period. The coffins in the tomb of Sesenebnef present the earliest versions of the Book of the Dead.
El Larguero
El Larguero (lit, The Crossbar) is a Spanish radio sports program that concentrates mostly on football discussion. The program began on Cadena SER in 1989, and is broadcast daily from 11:30 pm to 1:30 am. It is the most listened-to nighttime Spanish radio program, and is presented from Sundays to Thursdays by its director Manu Carreño, and Fridays and Saturdays by Yago de Vega.

Segments of the program include sports results and fixtures, with interviews conducted by de la Morena, and sports analysis, with that of football particularly about Real Madrid and FC Barcelona.

Cadena SER
La Cadena SER (the SER Network) is a Spanish radio network established in 1924, with a regular listenership of 4,139,000 reported in 2018. The acronym SER stands for Sociedad Española de Radiodifusión (Spanish Broadcasting Company).

Cadena SER broadcasts nationwide, with its main studios located on Gran Vía in Madrid. The network operates studios across Spain, providing local and regional news and information, with each location producing between 2 and 3.5 hours of programming daily.

Owned by Unión Radio, majority controlled by the PRISA group, Cadena SER is affiliated with other media entities including music radio stations such as LOS40, Cadena Dial, Radiolé, and the national daily El País.
Pioneer movement
A pioneer movement is an organization for children operated by a communist party. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically join the Young Communist League. Prior to the 1990s, there was a wide cooperation between pioneer and similar movements of about 30 countries, coordinated by the international organization, International Committee of Children's and Adolescents' Movements (French: Comité international des mouvements d'enfants et d'adolescents, CIMEA), founded in 1958, with headquarters in Budapest, Hungary.

Young Pioneer camp
Young Pioneer camp (Russian: Пионерский лагерь) was the name for the vacation or summer camps of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union.

The Young Pioneer camps of the Soviet Union were the place of vacation for children from the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union during summer and winter holidays.
Rural Municipality of Colonsay No. 342
The Rural Municipality of Colonsay No. 342 (2016 population: 269) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and SARM Division No. 5. it is located east of the City of Saskatoon.

Division No. 11, Saskatchewan
Division No. 11 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the central part of the province and includes the largest city in the province, Saskatoon.
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom
Capital punishment in the United Kingdom predates the formation of the UK, having been used in Britain and Ireland from ancient times until the second half of the 20th century. The last executions in the United Kingdom were by hanging, and took place in 1964; capital punishment for murder was suspended in 1965 and finally abolished in 1969 (1973 in Northern Ireland).  Although unused, the death penalty remained a legally defined punishment for certain offences such as treason until it was completely abolished in 1998; the last person to be executed for treason was William Joyce, in 1946.

In 2004, Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights became binding on the United Kingdom; it prohibits the restoration of the death penalty as long as the UK is a party to the convention (regardless of the UK's status in relation to the European Union).

HM Prison Barlinnie
HM Prison Barlinnie is the largest prison in Scotland. It is operated by the Scottish Prison Service and is located in the residential suburb of Riddrie, in the northeast of Glasgow, Scotland. It is informally known locally as The Big Hoose, Bar and Bar-L. In 2018, plans for its closure were announced.
Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (Arabic: المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), historically and communally known as Matāwila (Arabic: متاولة, plural of متوالي mutawāli; pronounced as متوالي metouéle in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shiite Muslims in Lebanon are synonymous with Twelver Shi'ism and are distinguished from Alawites and Isma'ilis.

Today, Shiite Muslims constitute around 31.2% of the Lebanese population per the CIA's World Factbook. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shiites are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.

Southern Lebanon
Southern Lebanon (Arabic: جنوب لبنان, romanized: Janūb Lubnān) is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate. The two entities were divided from the same province in the early 1990s. The Rashaya and Western Beqaa districts, the southernmost districts of the Beqaa Governorate.

The main cities of the region are Sidon and Tyre on the coast, with Jezzine and Nabatiyeh more inland. The cazas of Bint Jbeil, Tyre, and Nabatieh in Southern Lebanon are known for their large Shi'a Muslim population with a minority of Christians. Sidon is predominantly Sunni, with the rest of the caza of Sidon having a Shi'a Muslim majority, with a considerable Christian minority, mainly Melkite Greek Catholics. The cazas of Jezzine and Marjeyoun have a Christian majority and also Shia Muslims. The villages of Ain Ebel, Debel, Qaouzah, and Rmaich are entirely Christian Maronite. The caza of Hasbaya has a Druze majority.
Balderic of Montfaucon
Saint Balderic (or Baudry) was the founding abbot of Montfaucon.

Balderic and his sister Beuve (or Bove or Bova) lived in the 7th century in France.  They were reputed to be children of Sigebert I, king of Austrasia, based on oral tradition recorded by Flodoard, Canon of Reims, three centuries later.  They are also said to be related to King Dagobert, presumably Dagobert I of Austrasia.

Balderic was ordained as a priest, and later founded the monastery of Montfaucon in the province of Lorraine.  In 639 he established a convent "St-Pierre-les-Dames" in Reims for his sister Beuve.  She was succeeded as abbess there by her and Balderic's niece Dode (or Doda). Balderic was a guide and tutor of Saint Wandregisel or Wandrille, who stayed at Montfaucon after separating from his wife in 628.  Balderic died at Reims during a visit to his sister.

His feast day is 16 October.

Beuve
Saint Beuve (or Bove or Bova) and her brother Balderic (or Baudry) lived in the 7th century in France. According to Christian Settipani, their father was probably Sigobert the Lame, King of Cologne, rather than Sigebert I of Austrasia, as indicated by Flodoard. Together they founded the Abbey of Saint Pierre de Reims. Beuve was the first abbess.
Backpressure routing
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, the backpressure routing algorithm is a method for directing traffic around a queueing network that achieves maximum network throughput, which is established using concepts of Lyapunov drift. Backpressure routing considers the situation where each job can visit multiple service nodes in the network.  It is an extension of max-weight scheduling where each job visits only a single service node.

Geographic routing
Geographic routing (also called georouting or position-based routing) is a routing principle that relies on geographic position information. It is mainly proposed for wireless networks and based on the idea that the source sends a message to the geographic location of the destination instead of using the network address. In the area of packet radio networks, the idea of using position information for routing was first proposed in the 1980s for interconnection networks. Geographic routing requires that each node can determine its own location and that the source is aware of the location of the destination. With this information, a message can be routed to the destination without knowledge of the network topology or a prior route discovery.
Umm Jabab
Umm Jabab (Arabic: أم جباب) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, south of Homs. Nearby localities include al-Mukharram to the north and Jubb al-Jarrah to the northeast. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, Umm Jabab had a population of 1,209 in the 2004 census.

Al-Mukharram
Al-Mukharram (Arabic: المخرم), also known as Mukharram al-Fawqani (Arabic: المخرم الفوقاني; also spelled  Makhem Fuqani or Mkhurem Fouqani) is a small city in central Syria, capital of the al-Mukharram District, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located 42 kilometres (26 miles) northeast of Homs.
Old St Matthew's Church, Lightcliffe
Old St Matthew's Church, Lightcliffe, is a former church in the village of Lightcliffe, West Yorkshire, England, of which only the tower remains. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building, and is under the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches.

Friends of Friendless Churches
Friends of Friendless Churches (FoFC), also referred to as 'The Friends', is a registered charity formed in 1957, active in England and Wales, which campaigns for and rescues redundant historic places of worship threatened by demolition, decay, or inappropriate conversion.  As of December 2025, the charity cares for over 70 redundant churches, chapels, and meeting houses in England and Wales.
Hawdon River
The Hawdon River is a river of New Zealand. One of the headwaters of Canterbury's Waimakariri River, it flows south through Arthur's Pass National Park, reaching the Waimakariri to the north of the settlement of Cass.

Arthur's Pass National Park
Arthur's Pass National Park is located in the South Island of New Zealand and covers 1,185 km2 of mostly mountainous terrain. Adjacent to it lies Craigieburn Forest Park. The park is administered by the Department of Conservation.
Rucava Municipality
Rucava Municipality (Latvian: Rucavas novads) is a former municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Dunika Parish and Rucava Parish, the administrative centre being Rucava. The population in 2020 was 1,451.

Rucava Municipality ceased to exist on 1 July 2021, when it was merged into the newly formed South Kurzeme Municipality.

South Kurzeme Municipality
South Kurzeme Municipality (Latvian: Dienvidkurzemes novads) is one of the 35 municipalities established in Latvia in 2021. It surrounds Liepāja, Latvia's third largest city. Its first elected municipal council took office on 1 July 2021. Its seat is at Grobiņa.
Tunas, Missouri
Tunas is an unincorporated community in northern Dallas County, Missouri, United States. It lies fourteen miles north of Buffalo on Route 73 and approximately seven miles east of Urbana on Route D. The town is located on Route 73, just southwest of the Little Niangua River. Tunas is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

A post office at Tunas has been in operation since 1893. The etymology of the name Tunas is obscure.  The ZIP Code for Tunas is 65764.

Dallas County, Missouri
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,071. The county seat is Buffalo. The county was organized in 1842 as Niangua County and then renamed in 1844 for George M. Dallas, who served as Vice President under James K. Polk.

Dallas County is part of the Springfield metropolitan area.
Eversley Cross
Eversley Cross is a village in the eastern corner of the Eversley parish in the Hart District of Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Eversley. The nearest town is Yateley, approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south east of the village. The village sits at the junction between the B3016 and B3272 roads.

Eversley
Eversley is a village and civil parish in the Hart district of Hampshire, England. The village is located around 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Basingstoke and around 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Yateley. The River Blackwater, and the border with Berkshire, form the northern boundary of the parish.
Low Ki
Brandon Silvestry (born September 6, 1979) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Low Ki. He is known for his time  with TNA Wrestling, Ring of Honor and Major League Wrestling as Low Ki and Senshi and  with WWE as Kaval.

He is a one-time PWG World Champion, the inaugural ROH World Champion, one-time MLW World Heavyweight Champion and a three-time NWA World Tag Team Champion, and has won a number of tournaments and other championships on the independent circuit, and was the winner of the second season of NXT in 2010. Silvestry has also worked extensively in Japan, most notably for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he was a three-time IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion, and Pro Wrestling Zero-One (Zero-One), where he was a one-time Zero-One International Junior Heavyweight and NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Champion. He is a three time world champion, and is the only wrestler in history to have been ROH, PWG, and MLW World Champion.

TNA Impact! (video game)
TNA Impact! (stylized as TNA iMPACT!) is a professional wrestling video game based on the professional wrestling promotion, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The console versions of the game were developed by Midway Studios Los Angeles and published by Midway Games. Although the game sold 1.5 million units, financial issues at Midway Games prevented the planned development and release of a sequel. The game was ported to Nintendo DS and PlayStation Portable handset consoles in August 2010 under the title TNA Impact!: Cross the Line, published by SouthPeak Games, who had acquired the TNA license and assets following the collapse of Midway.
St. John's in the Wilderness Episcopal Church
St. John's in the Wilderness Episcopal Church is an Episcopal church in Paul Smiths in the Adirondacks, New York State, United States. It was founded in 1876 by Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau with the help of Paul Smith and many of the wealthy camp owners around Spitfire, Upper, and Lower Saint Regis Lakes.  The original log building burned in 1928, and was replaced by the present structure, designed by William G. Distin, in 1930.  The non-denominational cemetery surrounding the church contains the graves of Dr. Trudeau, Paul Smith, Charles Minot Dole(founder of the National Ski Patrol), Clifford R. Pettis (the father of reforestation) and several other notable residents of the area.

Benjamin A. Muncil's gravestone

Paul Smith's gravestone

Dr. E L Trudeau gravestone

Mildred Phelps Stokes Hooker, daughter of Anson Phelps Stokes

Charles Minot Dole grave marker

Edward Livingston Trudeau
Edward Livingston Trudeau (October 5, 1848 – November 15, 1915) was an American physician who established the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium at Saranac Lake for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Dr. Trudeau also established the Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis, the first laboratory in the United States dedicated to the study of tuberculosis. He was a public health pioneer who helped to establish principles for disease prevention and control.
Sanchaung Township
Sanchaung Township (Burmese: စမ်းချောင်းမြို့နယ် [sáɰ̃dʑáʊɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is in the north central part of Yangon. The township comprises 18 wards, and shares borders with Kamayut Township in the north, Kamayut township and Bahan Township in the east, Kyimyindaing Township in the west, and Dagon Township and Ahlon Township in the south. The township has 19 primary schools, two middle schools and four high schools. Dagon Center I and II are shopping malls inside the township, where there are many restaurants, fashion shops, and Mingalar Cinema. Other recreational spaces include Happy World recreation center and People's Park. Sanchaung is known as "Little Kachin".

Ahlon Township
Ahlone Township (Burmese: အလုံ မြို့နယ် [ʔəlòʊɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]; also Ahlon Township) is located in the western part of Yangon. The township comprises eleven wards, and shares borders with Sanchaung township and Kyimyindaing township in the north, the Yangon river in the west, Dagon township in the east, and Lanmadaw township in the south.

Ahlone wharves administered by Myanmar Port Authority are located in southwestern Ahlone. Asia World has also operated a port in Ahlone since 2000. Thakin Mya Park is the major park in the township. This park, which was abandoned park for many years, was reconstructed in 2014. Ahlone Township was once home to Thiri Mingala Market, Yangon's largest wholesale and retail market until 2010, when the Yangon City Development Committee began preparations to move the market to Hlaing Township in the suburbs, to allow for lane expansions on Strand Road and expansion of Asia World's wharves.
Middleville, New York
Middleville is a village in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 512 at the 2010 census.

Middleville sits on both sides of West Canada Creek, the boundary of the towns of Newport and Fairfield. The village is about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north of the village of Herkimer and is approximately 17 miles (27 km) east of Utica.

Fairfield, New York
Fairfield is a town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. The population was 1,475 at the 2020 census, down from 1,627 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Fairfield, Connecticut.

The town is north of the village of Herkimer and east of Utica. The hamlet of Fairfield is in the central part of the town.