hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Radiosity (radiometry)
In radiometry, radiosity is the radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area, and spectral radiosity is the radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiosity is the watt per square metre (W/m2), while that of spectral radiosity in frequency is the watt per square metre per hertz (W·m−2·Hz−1) and that of spectral radiosity in wavelength is the watt per square metre per metre (W·m−3)—commonly the watt per square metre per nanometre (W·m−2·nm−1). The CGS unit erg per square centimeter per second (erg·cm−2·s−1) is often used in astronomy. Radiosity is often called intensity in branches of physics other than radiometry, but in radiometry this usage leads to confusion with radiant intensity.

View factor
In radiative heat transfer, a view factor, , is the proportion of the radiation which leaves surface  that strikes surface . In a complex 'scene' there can be any number of different objects, which can be divided in turn into even more surfaces and surface segments.

View factors are also sometimes known as configuration factors, form factors, angle factors or shape factors.
Utterslev Mose
Utterslev Mose (English: Utterslev Boglands) is a large semi-natural area of lakes, reed beds and parkland located on the border between Copenhagen  and Gladsaxe municipalities, approximately six kilometers northwest of central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is surrounded by the neighbourhoods Brønshøj, Tingbjerg, Utterslev, Søborg and Emdrup. It is known for its rich bird life and has a dense network of walking and cycling trails.

Tingbjerg
Tingbjerg is a large housing project designed and built from 1950 to 1972 by Steen Eiler Rasmussen as principal architect. It is located in Copenhagen County, 6 km northwest of the center of Copenhagen in Denmark. This parish is one of the poorest and the most multicultural in Denmark: according to the official statistics in Denmark, in 2022, of 6,278 inhabitants, 68.5% are either immigrants or descendant of immigrants from non-western countries.
Čule
Čule is a populated settlement in the Mostar municipality, Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated southwest of the city of Mostar along the R424 road.

Mostar
Mostar (pronounced [mǒstaːr] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative centre of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the historical capital of Herzegovina.

Mostar is situated on the Neretva River and is the fifth-largest city in the country. Mostar was named after the bridge keepers (mostari) who guarded the Stari Most (Old Bridge) over the Neretva during the Ottoman era. The Old Bridge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's most visited landmarks, and is considered an exemplary piece of Islamic architecture in the Balkans.
Verotika
Verotika is a 2019 American anthology horror film written by Glenn Danzig, Bridgid Ryan, and Greg L Smith, and directed and scored by Glenn Danzig. Based on a line of comic books published by Danzig's company Verotik, the film stars Rachel Alig, Alice Haig, Natalia Borowsky, Sean Kanan, Scotch Hopkins, Ashley Wisdom, and Kayden Kross.

Glenn Danzig
Glenn Allen Anzalone (born June 23, 1955), better known by his stage name Glenn Danzig, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, actor, film director and record producer. He is the founder of the rock bands Misfits, Samhain, and Danzig. He owns the Evilive record label as well as Verotik, an adult-oriented comic book publishing company.

Beginning in the mid-1970s, Danzig's musical career has encompassed a number of genres through the years, including punk rock and heavy metal, and incorporating influences from industrial, blues and classical music. He has also written songs for other musicians, most notably Johnny Cash and Roy Orbison.

As a singer, Danzig is noted for his baritone voice and tenor vocal range; his style has been compared to those of Elvis Presley, Jim Morrison, and Howlin' Wolf. Danzig has also cited Bill Medley as a vocal influence. In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Glenn Danzig at number 199 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). Sometimes the word is more or less synonymous with poisoning in everyday usage.

A central concept of toxicology is that the effects of a toxicant are dose-dependent; even water can lead to water intoxication when taken in too high a dose, whereas for even a very toxic substance such as snake venom there is a dose below which there is no detectable toxic effect. Toxicity is species-specific, making cross-species analysis problematic. Newer paradigms and metrics are evolving to bypass animal testing, while maintaining the concept of toxicity endpoints.

Toxicant
A toxicant is any toxic substance, whether artificial or naturally occurring. By contrast, a toxin is a poison produced naturally by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect, bacterium). The different types of toxicants can be found in the air, soil, water, or food.
Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Quarraisha Abdool Karim is an infectious diseases epidemiologist and co-founder and Associate Scientific Director of CAPRISA. She is a professor in Clinical Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York and Pro-Vice Chancellor for African Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Lasker–Bloomberg Public Service Award
The Lasker–Bloomberg Public Service Award, known from 1946 until 2000 as the Albert Lasker Public Service Award and then from 2000 until 2009 as the Mary Woodard Lasker Public Service Award, is one of four Lasker Awards awarded by the Lasker Foundation to honor an individual or organization whose public service has profoundly enlarged the possibilities for medical research and the health sciences and their impact on the health of the public.

The award carries an honorarium of $250,000. It is presented to a winner selected from among policy makers, journalists, philanthropists, advocates, scientists, and public health professionals.

The award is named for the philanthropists Albert Lasker and Michael R. Bloomberg. Initially known as the Albert Lasker Public Service Award, it was known from 2000 to 2009 as the Mary Woodard Lasker Public Service Award in honour of Albert Lasker's wife.
The Galleries, Bristol
The Galleries (formerly The Mall Bristol, but originally opened in 1991 as The Galleries Shopping Centre) is a shopping mall in the Broadmead area of Bristol city centre, England. Functioning as one of the city's retail malls, it is a three-storey building, which spans over Fairfax Street. Plans to demolish the building and replace it with a mixed-use development were approved in January 2025.

Cabot Circus
Cabot Circus is a covered shopping centre in Bristol, England. It is adjacent to Broadmead, a shopping district in Bristol city centre. The Cabot Circus development area contains shops, offices, a hotel, 250 apartments and an Odeon cinema. It covers a total of 139,350 m2 (1,500,000 sq ft) floor space, of which 92,900 m2 (1,000,000 sq ft) is retail outlets and leisure facilities. It opened in September 2008, after a ten-year planning and building project costing £500 million.
Ireland Wood
53°50′46″N 1°36′00″W﻿ / ﻿53.846°N 1.600°W﻿ / 53.846; -1.600

Ireland Wood is a small residential area in north-west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England named after the Woodland Trust wood which it contains. It is approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north-west of Leeds city centre. It was planned by the Leeds Housing Director, R. A. H. Livett, and won the Ministry Housing medal for 1945-9.  An early plan of Ireland Wood in 1950 is shown on the Leodis website.

The estate was constructed throughout the 1950s and provided a refuge from the slum houses in industrial parts of the city which they (along with other similar areas) replaced. This estate is particularly leafy, due to the amount of greenery and woodland surrounding. The area's main thoroughfare is the Otley Old Road.

It sits in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council and Leeds North West parliamentary constituency.

The district is close to the Holt Park, Cookridge and Tinshill areas and the Leeds Ring Road.

Tinshill
53°51′04″N 1°37′05″W﻿ / ﻿53.851°N 1.618°W﻿ / 53.851; -1.618

Tinshill (pronounced Tins-hill) is a district of Leeds, 4 miles (7 km) north of Leeds city centre, West Yorkshire, England. Tinshill was named "Tyndr's Hyll" by the Danes in the 9th century.

The district is in the Weetwood ward of Leeds City Council and lies between Horsforth and Cookridge. When the estate was planned in the 1940s it was known as the "Cookridge Tower Estate". The estate predated surrounding estates such as Ireland Wood and Moor Grange. Holt Park came many years later and provided many facilities such as an Asda supermarket, shopping centre, leisure centre and secondary school. The area was mainly made up of social housing, although a growing number of these houses are privately owned. The landmark Tinshill BT Tower, also known as the Cookridge Tower, is one of the highest points in Leeds.
Demographics of Colombia
The demographics of Colombia consist of statistics regarding Colombians' health, economic status, religious affiliations, ethnicity, population density, and other aspects of the population. Colombia is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil, and the third-most populous in Latin America, after Brazil and Mexico.

Colombia's population has grown steadily for most of its history, although the growth rate slowed markedly in the late 20th century, due in part to emigration resulting from a sustained internal conflict. However, the economy has improved noticeably in recent decades, especially in urban areas, and living standards have risen in line with this.

White Colombians
White Colombians (Spanish: Colombianos blancos) are Colombians of completely or predominantly European or West Asian ancestry. According to the 2018 census, 87.58% of Colombians do not identify with any ethnic group, being either White or Mestizo (of mixed European, African, and Indigenous ancestry), which are not categorized separately.
Garner Magnet High School
Garner Magnet High School (GMHS) is a comprehensive public high school in Garner, North Carolina, United States, a city southeast of Raleigh. The school was founded as Garner Senior High School (GSHS), which graduated its first class in 1969. Garner is one of four high schools in the Wake County Public School System offering an International Baccalaureate Programme of study, along with Needham B. Broughton High School, William G. Enloe High School, and Millbrook High School.

As of 2018–19, Garner offers its nearly 2,400 students 34 IB Diploma Programme courses, 16 Advanced Placement courses, 48 Career and Technical Education courses, Four world languages, a Public Safety Career Academy, an Army JROTC program, courses in Music (Chorus, Band, and Orchestra), Dance, Theatre and Visual Arts, 19 varsity sports, and 50 student clubs. The school began offering the International Baccalaureate Career-related Programme beginning in the fall of 2019.

Garner, North Carolina
Garner is a town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. The population is 31,159 as of the 2020 census. A suburb of Raleigh, the city limits are entirely within Wake County, though portions of unincorporated Wake County, as well as the Cleveland community in northern Johnston County,  have Garner mailing addresses. It is part of the Research Triangle region of North Carolina and serves as a bedroom community for the region.
WLOX
WLOX (channel 13) is a television station licensed to Biloxi, Mississippi, United States, serving the Mississippi Gulf Coast as an affiliate of ABC and CBS. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power MeTV/Telemundo affiliate WTBL-LD (channel 51). The two stations share studios on DeBuys Road in Biloxi; WLOX's transmitter is located in unincorporated southern Stone County near McHenry.

Robin Roberts (newscaster)
Robin Roberts (born November 23, 1960) is an American television broadcaster who co-anchors ABC's Good Morning America.

After growing up in Mississippi and attending Southeastern Louisiana University, Roberts was a sports anchor for local TV and radio stations. Roberts was a sportscaster on ESPN for 15 years (1990–2005) and the first woman to co-host NFL Primetime. She became co-anchor on Good Morning America in 2005. Roberts was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012. Her treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome was chronicled on the program, which earned a 2012 Peabody Award for the coverage.
Hjuksebø train collision
The Hjuksebø train disaster occurred on the Sørlandet Line between Hjuksebø and Holtsås, Telemark, Norway on 15 November 1950. The Kristiansand-to-Oslo express had been due to pass through Hjuksebø, but was delayed, and the shunter believed he had time to turn a waiting freight-train around before it arrived, by shunting a number of freight cars out of the way. As he had failed to attach them to the engine, however, the cars ran downhill towards Holtsås station, straight into the express, killing fourteen. At the time, it was Norway's worst peacetime railway accident.

Hjuksebø
Hjuksebø is a village in Notodden Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located just south of Hjuksevelta, roughly half-way between the town of Notodden and the village of Nordagutu (in Midt-Telemark Municipality. This village is located on the hills overlooking the eastern shore of the lake Heddalsvatnet. In 2020, the Hjuksebø area became part of Notodden Municipality. Prior to that time, it was part of the old Sauherad Municipality.
Boulevard East
Boulevard East (officially John F. Kennedy Boulevard East, and sometimes referred to as JFK Boulevard East) is a two-way, mostly two lane, scenic county road in the municipalities of Weehawken, West New York, Guttenberg and North Bergen in North Hudson, New Jersey. Apart from small sections at either end, the road runs along the crest of the Hudson Palisades, affording it views of the Hudson River and the New York City skyline. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, the residential road is characterized by an eclectic mix of 20th-century architecture, including private homes as well as mid and high-rise apartment buildings, mostly on its western side, with a promenade and parks along its eastern side. It is also the setting for Edward Hopper's 1934 painting East Wind Over Weehawken, which is considered one of his best works.

County Route 505 (New Jersey)
County Route 505 (CR 505) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 20.64 miles (33.22 kilometers) from Kennedy Boulevard (CR 501) in Union City to the New York state line in Northvale.
Qaramqol District
Qaramqol (Dari: قرم‌قل) district is located south of Andkhoy District in the northern part of Faryab province. with an ethnic composition of 5% Pashtun, 35% Uzbek and 60% Turkman.  The district center Qaram Qũl is close to the town of Andkhoy.

Andkhoy District
Andkhoy District (Dari: اندخوی) is a district in Faryab province, Afghanistan. The district center is the Andkhoy city, and there are a total of 81 villages in the district. Most people farm or raise livestock in the district. The district is considered to be government-influenced, as opposed to the Taliban.
Jiffy Packaging
Jiffy Packaging is a packaging manufacturer primarily based in Winsford, Cheshire, England. It is most famous for its Jiffy Padded Bags, whose name has become a byword for padded envelopes in British English.

Winsford
Winsford is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is on the River Weaver, south of Northwich and west of Middlewich. It grew around the salt mining industry after the river was canalised in the 18th century, allowing freight to be conveyed northwards to the Port of Runcorn on the River Mersey. At the 2021 census the built up area had a population of 32,530 and the parish had a population of 33,547.

Winsford is split into three areas: Over on the western side of the River Weaver, Wharton on the eastern side, and Swanlow and Dene.
Gadabay District
Gadabay District (Azerbaijani: Gədəbəy rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Dashkasan, Shamkir, Tovuz, and the Gegharkunik and Tavush provinces of Armenia. The Artsvashen exclave of Armenia is surrounded by the Gadabay District and is de facto controlled by Azerbaijan, administrated as part of Goranboy District. Its capital and largest city is Gadabay. As of 2020, the district had a population of 109,900.

Shamkir District
40°49′57″N 46°1′35″E﻿ / ﻿40.83250°N 46.02639°E﻿ / 40.83250; 46.02639

Shamkir District (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Gadabay, Tovuz, Samukh, Goygol, and Dashkasan. Its capital and largest city is Shamkir. As of 2020, the district had a population of 219,500.
Vivaro-Alpine dialect
Vivaro-Alpine (Occitan: vivaroalpenc, vivaroaupenc; French: vivaro-alpin, pronounced [vivaʁo alpɛ̃]) is a variety of Occitan spoken in southeastern France (namely, around the Dauphiné area) and northwestern Italy (the Occitan Valleys of Piedmont and Liguria). There is also a small Vivaro-Alpine enclave in the Guardia Piemontese, Calabria, where the language is known as Gardiol
, which Glottolog recognizes as a distinct language within the Occitanic language family.  It belongs to the Northern Occitan dialect bloc, along with Auvergnat and Limousin. The name “vivaro-alpine” was coined by Pierre Bec in the 1970s. The Vivaro-Alpine dialects are traditionally called "gavot" from the Maritime Alps to the Hautes-Alpes.

Auvergnat
Auvergnat (/ˌoʊvɛrnˈjɑː/; French pronunciation: [ovɛʁɲa] ⓘ) or Occitan auvergnat (endonym: auvernhat ) is a northern dialect of Occitan spoken in central and southern France, in particular in the former administrative region of Auvergne.

Currently, research shows that there is not really a true Auvergnat dialect but rather a vast northern Occitan linguistic area. 
The word "Auvergnat" is above all a local historiographical creation. According to linguist Jean Roux, "It is by simplification that we use this term, because in no case Auvergnat can be considered as an autonomous linguistic entity".

With around 80,000 speakers in the Auvergne region at the beginning of the 21st century, it is considered to be severely endangered.
Republic of Korea Air Force
The Republic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF; Korean: 대한민국 공군; Hanja: 大韓民國空軍; RR: Daehanminguk Gong-gun), also known as the ROK Air Force or South Korean Air Force, is the aerial and space warfare service branch of South Korea, operating under the South Korean Ministry of National Defense.

Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules
The Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules is a medium-size American four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft. The C-130J is a comprehensive update of the Lockheed C-130 Hercules, with new engines, flight deck, and other systems.

The C-130J is the newest version of the C-130 Hercules, and the only model currently in production. As of March 2022, 500 C-130J aircraft have been delivered to 26 operators in 22 countries.
Kulusuk
Kulusuk (old spelling: Qulusuk), formerly Kap Dan, is a settlement in the Sermersooq municipality in southeastern Greenland, located on an island of the same name. The settlement has a population of 241, including many Danes choosing to live there due to the airport. In the Kalaallisut language, the name of the village means "Chest of a Black Guillemot".

Kulusuk Island
Kulusuk Island (Greenlandic: Kulusup qeqertaa) is an island in the Sermersooq municipality on the southeastern shore of Greenland. It is an outlying island in the Ammassalik archipelago of islands on the coast of the North Atlantic. The island is home to Kulusuk, the fourth-largest settlement on the entire eastern coast of Greenland. The island has an area of 41.98 km2, and measures 8 km (5.0 mi) from north to south and 11 km (6.8 mi) from west to east. The Kulusuk Airport on the island is one of the two airports on the entire eastern Greenland coast.
Fungus Rock
Fungus Rock, sometimes known as Mushroom Rock, and among the Maltese as Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral (English: The General's Rock), is a small islet in the form of a 60-metre-high (200 ft) massive lump of limestone at the entrance to an almost circular black lagoon in Dwejra, on the coast of Gozo, itself an island in the Maltese archipelago. It is located at 36°02′45″N 14°11′27″E﻿ / ﻿36.04583°N 14.19083°E﻿ / 36.04583; 14.19083 and falls within the jurisdiction of the town of San Lawrenz.

The Dwejra nature reserve is administratively part of the town. The Fungus Rock is a prominent landmark of the reserve, as was formerly the Azure Window, before its collapse on March 8, 2017.

Cynomorium
Cynomorium is a genus of parasitic perennial flowering plants in the family Cynomoriaceae. The genus consists of only one species, Cynomorium coccineum (although one of its subspecies is sometimes treated as a separate species). Its placement in the Saxifragales was resolved in 2016 with the help of nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial sequences obtained from next-generation sequencing. Common names include the misleading Maltese fungus or Maltese mushroom; also desert thumb, red thumb, tarthuth (Bedouin) and suoyang (Chinese). A rare or local species, it grows in dry, rocky or sandy soils, often in salt marshes or other saline habitats close to the coast. It has had a wide variety of uses in European, Arabian and Chinese herbal medicine.
Members of the Regional Council of Veneto, 2015–2020
The X Legislature of the Regional Council of Veneto, the legislative assembly of Veneto, was inaugurated in June 2015, following the 2015 regional election, and ended in October 2020. Of the 51 members, 49 were elected in provincial constituencies by proportional representation using the largest remainder method with a Droop quota and open lists, while the remaining two were the elected President and the runner-up The winning coalition won a bonus of seats in order to make sure the elected President had a majority in the Council.

Roberto Ciambetti (Liga Veneta–Lega Nord) was the President of the Council for the entire term, while Luca Zaia (Liga Veneta–Lega Nord) served as President of Veneto at the head of his second government.

Regional Council of Veneto
The Regional Council of Veneto (Italian: Consiglio Regionale del Veneto) is the legislative assembly of Veneto, Italy.

The council, which has its seat at Palazzo Ferro Fini, located along the Grand Canal in Venice. was first elected in 1970, when ordinary regions were established, twenty-two years after the Italian Constitution envisioned them in 1948.