hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James Marsh (philosopher)
James Marsh (July 19, 1794 – July 3, 1842) was an American philosopher, Congregational clergyman and president of the University of Vermont from 1826 to 1833. He introduced German idealism to American audiences.

German idealism
German idealism is a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in the 1780s and 1790s, and was closely linked both with Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment. The period of German idealism after Kant is also known as post-Kantian idealism or simply post-Kantianism. One scheme divides German idealists into transcendental idealists, associated with Kant and Fichte, and absolute idealists, associated with Schelling and Hegel.
Federalists (Georgia)
The Federalists (Georgian: ფედერალისტები, romanized: pederalist'ebi) is a classical liberal and pro-Western political party in Georgia, founded by former members of European Georgia.

Key figures in the party include Giga Bokeria, who has been serving as party chairman since 2024 and is a former Secretary of the National Security Council of Georgia and Tamar Chergoleishvili, the founder of the online magazine Tabula.

Tamar Chergoleishvili
Tamar Chergoleishvili (Georgian: თამარ ჩერგოლეიშვილი, born May 25, 1975, in Tbilisi) is a Georgian politician and journalist, known for her liberal political views and advocacy of Euro-Atlantic integration, democratic governance, and resistance to oligarchic influence in Georgia. She is co-founder of the Federalists Party and the founder of online magazine Tabula.
Piangil
Piangil, once frequently spelled "Pyangil", is a town in the Mallee region of northern Victoria, Australia. It is approximately 382 kilometres (237 mi) north-west of the state capital, Melbourne and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of the regional centre of Swan Hill. At the 2016 census, Piangil and the surrounding rural area had a population of 259.

The name of the town is derived from the Piangil pastoral run, taken up in 1846 by William Coghill. It is thought that the name was derived from an Aboriginal word for the Murray cod.

Piangil post office opened on 17 June 1907, and was renamed Piangil North in 1918 when the Piangil post office was relocated adjacent to the railway station. A new Piangil post office opened in 1921 and is still in operation.

Piangil Primary School closed in September 2015.

Swan Hill
Swan Hill is a city in the northwest of Victoria, Australia on the Murray Valley Highway and on the south bank of the Murray River, downstream from the junction of the Loddon River. At the 2021 census, Swan Hill had a population of 11,508.
Phobos program
The Phobos program (Russian: Фобос, Fobos) was an uncrewed space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. Phobos 1 was launched on 7 July 1988, and Phobos 2 on 12 July 1988, each aboard a Proton-K rocket.

Phobos 1 suffered a terminal failure en route to Mars. Phobos 2 attained Mars orbit, but contact was lost before the final phase, prior to deployment of the planned Phobos landers. Phobos 1 and 2 were of a new spacecraft design, succeeding the 4MV type used in the Venera planetary missions of 1975–1985, and the 5VK design last used during the Vega 1 and Vega 2 missions to Comet Halley. They each had a mass of 2600 kg (6220 kg with orbital insertion hardware attached).

The program featured cooperation from 14 other nations, including Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, West Germany, and the United States (which contributed the use of its NASA Deep Space Network for tracking the twin spacecraft).

Phobos 1
Phobos 1 was an uncrewed Soviet space probe of the Phobos Program launched from the Baikonour launch facility on 7 July 1988. Its intended mission was to explore Mars and its moons Phobos and Deimos. The mission failed on 2 September 1988 when a computer malfunction caused the end-of-mission order to be transmitted to the spacecraft. At the time of launch it was the heaviest interplanetary spacecraft ever launched, weighing 6200 kg.
Phoulkon
The phoulkon (Greek: φοῦλκον), in Latin fulcum, was an infantry formation utilized by the military of the late Roman and Byzantine Empire.  It is a formation in which an infantry formation closes ranks and the first two or three lines form a shield wall while those behind them hurl projectiles. It was used in both offensive and defensive stances.

Testudo formation
In ancient Roman warfare, the testudo or tortoise formation was a type of shield wall formation commonly used by the Roman legions during battles, particularly when they were the attacking force during sieges.
Constantine W. Curris
Constantine William "Deno" Curris (born November 13, 1940) is an American academic administrator who was president of Murray State University, the University of Northern Iowa, and Clemson University. Curris also served as president of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities, an organization of more than 400 colleges and universities.

University of Northern Iowa
The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a public university in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States. UNI offers more than 90 majors across five colleges. The fall 2025 total enrollment was 9,204 students.

The university was initially founded in 1876 as the Iowa State Normal School with the purpose of training school teachers and educators. The University of Northern Iowa is one of three public universities in Iowa, all of which are governed by the Iowa Board of Regents.
209th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 209th Division (第209師団, Dai-nihyakukyū Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Kaetsu Division (加越
兵団, Kaetsu Heidan), after location in now Komatsu. It was formed on 2 April 1945 in Kanazawa as a triangular division. It was one of a batch of eight divisions composed of the 201st, 202nd, 205th, 206th, 209th, 212th, 214th and 216th Divisions created as part of the reaction to the Battle of Okinawa.

212th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 212th Division (第212師団, Dai-nihyakujūni Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Kikuchi 32601 division (菊池32601兵団, Kikuchi 32601 Heidan), after Kikuchi, Kumamoto. It was formed on 2 April 1945 in Kurume as a triangular division. It was one of a batch of eight divisions composed of the 201st, 202nd, 205th, 206th, 209th, 212th, 214th and 216th Divisions created as part of the reaction to the Battle of Okinawa.
Kevin Coyne
Kevin Coyne (27 January 1944 – 2 December 2004) was an English musician, singer, composer, film-maker, and a writer of lyrics, stories and poems. He was critically acclaimed for his unorthodox style of blues-influenced guitar composition, the intense quality of his vocal delivery, and his lyrics describing injustice to the mentally ill. Musicians who have described themselves as Coyne fans include Sting and John Lydon. In the mid-1970s, prior to the formation of the Police, Coyne's band included guitarist Andy Summers. BBC disc jockey Andy Kershaw described Coyne as "a national treasure who keeps getting better" and as one of the great British blues voices.

Over many years Coyne produced the art work for many of his own album covers. His move to Germany, in the 1980s, saw his work on full-size paintings blossom in its own right.

Andy Summers
Andrew James Summers (born 31 December 1942) is an English guitarist best known as a member of the rock band the Police. Prior to joining the Police, Summers had been a member of several bands during the 1960s, including Zoot Money's Big Roll Band, Dantalian's Chariot, Soft Machine, and the Animals. He spent the first half of the 1970s furthering his musical education, before returning to professional work in 1975, eventually joining the Police two years later. Summers has also recorded solo albums, collaborated with other musicians (including two albums with Robert Fripp during the 1980s), composed film scores, written fiction, and exhibited his photography in galleries. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Police in 2003.
Link Centre
The Link Centre is a leisure centre in Swindon, England. The building, owned by Swindon Borough Council and operated by Greenwich Leisure under the brand "Better", is best known for its national-sized ice rink which houses a National Ice Hockey League team, the Swindon Wildcats.

Swindon Wildcats
The Swindon Wildcats are a professional ice hockey team based in Swindon, Wiltshire, England. They play in the National Ice Hockey League (NIHL). Since their inception, the Wildcats have played their home games at the 1600-capacity Link Centre in West Swindon. The club was founded in 1986 as the Swindon Wildcats, shortly after the opening of the Link Centre.

The Wildcats were members of the English Premier Ice Hockey League (EPIHL) from 1997 to 2017. Due to the instability of the EPIHL following the culmination of the 2016–17 season, the Swindon Wildcats announced their intention to join the National League.

In their first season competing in the National League, the Wildcats won both the Autumn Cup and National Cup competitions, securing the club's first silverware since the 2000–01 season.
The following year the Wildcats won the regular season, becoming the 2018/2019 champions.
The Day the Laughter Died
The Day the Laughter Died is a comedy double album by American comedian Andrew Dice Clay, released in 1990. It was produced by Rick Rubin, whose concept was to record an unadvertised performance in a small club with a small crowd, many of whom would not necessarily be fans of Clay's act. Clay chose a New York club owned by comedian Rodney Dangerfield, Dangerfield's, to record during the holiday season. A sequel, The Day the Laughter Died, Part II, was released in 1993.

The album is largely improvisational, with Clay interacting with the audience over the course of over an hour and a half. The topics run through his usual gamut of sex, relationships between men and women, masculinity and popular culture. Unlike his prior recordings, the jokes are delivered intentionally flat and raw as to offend and alienate the audience, turning the performance into the joke itself.

The Day the Laughter Died, Part II
The Day the Laughter Died, Part II is a 1993 live comedy album by American comedian Andrew Dice Clay, produced by Rick Rubin. A sequel to 1990's The Day the Laughter Died, the album repeated the original's concept: an unadvertised performance at Rodney Dangerfield's club, Dangerfield's.

Unlike the first album, which received positive reviews and ended on a high note, Part II received mostly negative reviews and ended with Clay going into the crowd to confront an audience member. That incident, and the album in general, nearly destroyed Clay's career.
Masato Tanaka
Masato Tanaka (田中 正人, ring name: 田中 将斗, Tanaka Masato; born February 28, 1973) is a Japanese professional wrestler, best known for his appearances with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) in Japan where he was a one-time FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Champion and a one-time WEW World Heavyweight Champion and in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in the United States where he was a one-time ECW World Heavyweight Champion. He is currently splitting his time wrestling for both Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah) and Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1). He is overall a ten-time world champion in major professional wrestling promotions.

Takashi Sugiura
Takashi Sugiura (杉浦 貴, Sugiura Takashi; born May 31, 1970) is a Japanese professional wrestler and former amateur freestyle wrestler. As of 2000, he is signed to Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah). He is a four-time, longest reigning and most successfully-defensive GHC Heavyweight Champion.

Sugiura, an accomplished amateur wrestler, joined Noah's dojo in 2000, making his professional debut on December 23, 2000, and thus becoming the first wrestler to make his pro wrestling debut in Noah. He has also competed in mixed martial arts with a notable victory over Giant Silva. Sugiura wrestled as a junior heavyweight in his earlier pro career and is a former GHC Junior Heavyweight Champion. Sugiura moved up to heavyweight and became the second longest reigning GHC Heavyweight Champion, having held the title for 581 days between December 2009 and July 2011.
Documentary Filmmaking: Redux
"Documentary Filmmaking: Redux" is the eighth episode of the third season of the American television series Community. It was originally broadcast on November 17, 2011 on NBC.

In the episode, Dean Pelton directs a new commercial for Greendale College, with members of the study group as actors and crew members. The entire episode is an in-universe documentary made by Abed, who is seeking to emulate the success of Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse. Production of the commercial gets out of control as the Dean becomes insane and Abed is forced to abandon his objectivity to save the commercial.

The episode was written by Megan Ganz and directed by Joe Russo. It was released in the same week NBC announced that the series would be placed on hiatus in the mid-season, which prompted fans to mount an Internet campaign to prevent the show's cancellation. The episode received positive reviews from critics.

Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse
Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse is a 1991 American documentary film by Fax Bahr and George Hickenlooper about the production of Apocalypse Now, a 1979 Vietnam War epic directed by Francis Ford Coppola.
Jagraj Singh
Jagraj Singh Hundal (3 June 1979 – 20 July 2017), known as Bhai Jagraj Singh, was a British Army officer and Sikh preacher. He was the founder of Sikh organisations, Everything's 13, and the Sikh Press Association and YouTube channel Basics of Sikhi.

Jagraj is considered as one of the most influential British Sikhs of the 21st century. He has been described as a pioneer of digital Sikh preaching.

Basics of Sikhi
Basics of Sikhi (BoS) is a Sikh educational initiative and charity founded in the United Kingdom by Jagraj Singh in 2012. It aims to promote understanding of Sikh teachings and philosophy through engaging resources and community outreach. As of 2021, the organization's YouTube channel had produced 2,500 videos and had over 170,000 subscribers, with content being produced in up to eighteen different languages.

Based in the United Kingdom, it focuses on providing clear, accessible information about Sikhism's core beliefs, practices and values. Basics of Sikhi have been accredited as being influential in the revival of young Sikhs across the globe in returning to their faith.

BoS has online resources about the Sikh religion in English, Punjabi, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, Hindi and French.
JS4E
"JS4E" (short for "Justin Santos Forever") is a song by American rapper and singer Arcángel. It was released on November 21, 2022, through Rimas Entertainment, as the first single from his fifth studio album, Sr. Santos (2022). The song is a tribute to Arcángel's brother, Justin Santos, who died some time ago in a vehicle accident.

Sr. Santos
Sr. Santos is the seventh studio album by American singer and rapper Arcángel. It was released on December 1, 2022, through Rimas Entertainment. It contains collaborations with Bad Bunny, Duki, Bizarrap, Myke Towers, Bryant Myers, Eladio Carrión, Young Miko, De la Ghetto and Almighty, among others. A Latin trap album, it is dedicated to the rapper's brother, Justin Santos, who died in 2021, with its lead single "JS4E" being its main tribute track. It was also supported by its second single "La Jumpa", with the album debuting at number 37 on the US Billboard 200.
Jenner Institute
The Jenner Institute is a research institute on the Old Road Campus in Headington, east Oxford, England.  It was formed in November 2005 through a partnership between the University of Oxford and the UK Institute for Animal Health.  It is associated with the Nuffield Department of Medicine, in the Medical Sciences Division of Oxford University.  The institute receives charitable support from the Jenner Vaccine Foundation.

The institute is led by Prof. Adrian Hill.  The institute develops vaccines and carries out clinical trials for diseases including malaria, tuberculosis (vaccine MVA85A), ebola, and MERS-Coronavirus.

Old Road Campus
The Old Road Campus is a University of Oxford site south of Old Road, in Headington, east Oxford, England. The Churchill Hospital, a teaching hospital managed by the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, is to the south.
Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint
Synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint (SSX) refers to a group of genes rearranged in synovial sarcoma.

They include:

SSX1

SSX2 and SSX2B

SSX3

SSX4 and SSX4B

SSX5

SSX6

SSX7

SSX8

SSX9

SSX10

The group also has several associated pseudogenes, and the interacting protein SSX2IP.

The translocation t(X;18) creates a fusion of the SYT gene(at 18q11) with either SSX1 or SSX2 (both at Xp11). Neither SYT, nor the SSX proteins contain DNA-binding domains. Instead, they appear to be transcriptional regulators whose actions are mediated primarily through protein–protein interactions, with BRM in the case of SYT, and with Polycomb group repressors in the case of SSX.

SSX2
Protein SSX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX2 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the family of highly homologous synovial sarcoma, X (SSX) breakpoint proteins. These proteins may function as transcriptional repressors. They are also capable of eliciting spontaneously humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients, and are potentially useful targets in cancer vaccine-based immunotherapy. SSX1, SSX2 and SSX4 genes have been involved in the t(X;18) chromosomal translocation characteristically found in all synovial sarcomas. This translocation results in the fusion of the synovial sarcoma translocation gene on chromosome 18 to one of the SSX genes on chromosome X. The encoded hybrid proteins are probably responsible for transforming activity. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.
Lauren Groff
Lauren Groff (born July 23, 1978) is an American novelist and short story writer. She has written five novels and two short story collections, including Delicate Edible Birds (2009), Fates and Furies (2015), Matrix (2022), and The Vaster Wilds (2023).

She was named one of the 100 most influential people by TIME in 2024.

Delicate Edible Birds
Delicate Edible Birds is a short story collection written by Lauren Groff. Groff was born and raised in Cooperstown, New York, home of American writers James Fenimore Cooper and W. W. Lord. Several of the stories take place in Upstate New York. Before its release, Groff had also authored a best-selling novel, The Monsters of Templeton.
Vladimir Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Russian: Влади́мирская о́бласть, romanized: Vladimirskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Vladimir, which is located 190 kilometers (120 mi) east of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, the oblast's population was 1,443,693.

The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the 12th-century cathedrals of Vladimir, Suzdal, Bogolyubovo, and Kideksha.

Bogolyubovo, Vladimir Oblast
Bogolyubovo (Russian: Боголю́бово) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Suzdalsky District of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located some 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) northeast of Vladimir, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 4,729 (2021 Census); 4,494 (2010 Census); 4,218 (2002 Census); 4,143 (1989 Soviet census); 3,900 (1969).
Ernest Bullock
Sir Ernest Bullock CVO (15 September 1890 – 24 May 1979) was an English organist, composer, and teacher. He was organist of Exeter Cathedral from 1917 to 1928 and of Westminster Abbey from 1928 to 1941. In the latter post he was jointly responsible for the music at the coronation of George VI in 1937.

When the Abbey's choir was dispersed during World War II, Bullock took up an academic career, first in the dual post of professor of music at the University of Glasgow and principal of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, and then, from 1953 to 1960, as director of the Royal College of Music in London.

As a composer, Bullock wrote mostly church music, including twenty anthems and motets, two settings of the Te Deum and two of the Magnificat and organ pieces. He also published a few part songs and other secular vocal works.

Royal College of Music
The Royal College of Music (RCM) is a conservatoire established by royal charter in 1882, located in South Kensington, London, UK. It offers training from the undergraduate to the doctoral level in all aspects of Western Music including performance, composition, conducting, music theory and history, and has trained some of the most important figures in international music life. The RCM also conducts research in performance practice and performance science.

The RCM has over 900 students from more than 50 countries, with professors who include many who are musicians with worldwide reputations.

The college is one of the four conservatories of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and a member of Conservatoires UK. Its buildings are directly opposite the Royal Albert Hall on Prince Consort Road, next to Imperial College and among the museums and cultural centres of Albertopolis.
EMU900 series
The EMU900 series is a series of electric multiple unit passenger trains operated by Taiwan Railway Corporation. Manufactured in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem, the trains are used on Local and Fast Local services, which stop at most stations. They entered service on 6 April 2021.

Hyundai Rotem
Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (Korean: 현대로템; RR: Hyeondae Rotem), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling,  defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than 50 countries worldwide. As of 2024, Hyundai Rotem has more than 4,100 employees.
The Residency, Penang
The Residency, officially Seri Mutiara, is the official residence of the Governor of Penang. Located at Western Road within downtown George Town, it was originally built in 1890 by British engineer Maurice Cameron as the residence for the British governor of Penang. Following Malaya's independence in 1957, the mansion has continued to serve as the residence for the head of state of Penang.

Official residence
An official residence is a residence designated by an authority and assigned to an official (such as a head of state, head of government, governor, or other senior figures), and may be the same place where the office holder conducts their work functions or lives.
Nuit debout
Nuit debout is a French social movement that began on 31 March 2016, arising out of protests against proposed labor reforms known as the El Khomri law or Loi travail. The movement was organized around a broad aim of "overthrowing the El Khomri bill and the world it represents". It has been compared to the Occupy movement in the United States and to Spain's anti-austerity 15-M or Indignados movement.

The movement began at the Place de la République in Paris, where protestors held nightly assemblies following the 31 March protest. The protests spread to dozens of other cities and towns in France as well as to neighbouring countries in Europe and to countries further afield. Turnout at these protests dwindled after the first weeks; activists maintained the movement's presence on the Internet.

Place de la République
The Place de la République (French pronunciation: [plas d(ə) la ʁepyblik]; English: Republic Square; known until 1879 as the Place du Château d'Eau, [plas dy ʃɑto do]) is a square in Paris, located on the border between the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements. The square has an area of 3.4 ha (8.4 acres). Named after the First, Second and Third Republics, it contains a monument, the Monument à la République, which includes a statue of the personification of France, Marianne.

The Métro station of République lies beneath the square, served by Line 3, Line 5, Line 8, Line 9 and Line 11. It is one of the network's main transfer points on the Rive Droite.