hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fire cut
In the construction of masonry buildings, a fire cut or fireman's cut is a diagonal chamfer of the end of a joist or beam where it enters a masonry wall.  If the joist burns through somewhere along its length, damage to the wall is prevented as the fire cut allows the joist to fail and still leave the masonry wall standing.

Without firecut joists, if the burnt joists fail and rotate the unchamferred ends of the joists as they deflect downwards, this would damage the masonry wall at the connection point and possibly pull the wall inwards.

Masonry
Masonry is the craft of building a structure with brick, stone, or similar material, including mortar plastering, which are often laid in, bound, and pasted together by mortar. The term masonry can also refer to the building units (stone, brick, etc.) themselves.

The common materials of masonry construction are bricks and building stone; rocks such as marble, granite, and limestone; cast stone, concrete blocks, glass blocks, and adobe. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer, or in some places colloquially a "brickie". These are both classified as construction trades.
Subversive Festival
The Subversive Festival is an annual international fortnight of political, activist, cultural, educational, literary and artistic events that takes place in Zagreb, Croatia every May. Its activities are divided into the Subversive Film Festival (which was the official name of the festival until 2011), the Subversive Forum, the Balkan Forum and the Subversive Book Fair. The cross-cutting activity is the Subversive Festival's Conference that includes major keynote lectures and round tables held in Cinema Europe.

Aleida Guevara
Aleida Guevara March (born 24 November 1960) is a Cuban physician who is the eldest of four children born to Ernesto "Che" Guevara and his second wife, Aleida March.

She is a doctor based at the William Soler Children's Hospital in Havana. She has also worked as a physician in Angola, Ecuador, and Nicaragua.  She is interviewed about the philosophy behind universal health care in Michael Moore's film Sicko.

Guevara has been an advocate for human rights and debt relief for developing nations. She is the author of the book Chávez, Venezuela and the New Latin America.
Rancho San Leandro
Rancho San Leandro was a 6,830-acre (27.6 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Alameda County, California, given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José Joaquín Estudillo.  The grant extended along the east San Francisco Bay from San Leandro Creek south to San Lorenzo Creek, and encompassed present-day San Leandro.

San Leandro, California
San Leandro (Spanish for "St. Leander") is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. It is located in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area; between Oakland to the northwest, and Ashland, Castro Valley, and Hayward to the southeast. The population was 91,008 as of the 2020 census.
Peninsula Observer
The Peninsula Observer was an underground newspaper published in Palo Alto, California from July 7, 1967, to November 1969. Co-founded by Barry Greenberg and David Ransom, it was produced by Stanford undergraduate and graduate students opposed to the war in Vietnam, with community members and others. Circulation was about 5000 copies.

Early issues were published as the Midpeninsula Observer. It became the Peninsula Observer with the issue of August 12–26, 1968 (vol. 2, no. 4). Editorship rotated among a group including Greenberg and Ransom, Randy Bonner, Marlene Charyn, Peter Dollinger, David Shen, Maureen Kulbaitis, and Joanne Wallace. Published roughly biweekly for two years, it printed its last issue in November 1969.

Its articles attacking the Stanford Research Institute helped to bring about the severing of the university's ties with the Institute in 1970.

Underground press
The terms underground press or clandestine press refer to periodicals and publications that are produced without official approval, illegally or against the wishes of a dominant (governmental, religious, or institutional) group. 
In specific recent (post-World War II) Asian, American and Western European context, the term "underground press"  has most frequently been employed to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s in India and Bangladesh in Asia, in the United States and Canada in North America, and the United Kingdom and other western nations. It can also refer to the newspapers produced independently in repressive regimes. In German occupied Europe, for example, a thriving underground press operated, usually in association with the Resistance. Other notable examples include the samizdat and bibuła, which operated in the Soviet Union and Poland respectively, during the Cold War.
Sperlonga
Sperlonga (locally Spelonghe) is a coastal town in the province of Latina, Italy, about halfway between Rome and Naples. It is best known for the ancient Roman sea grotto discovered in the grounds of the Villa of Tiberius containing the important and spectacular Sperlonga sculptures, which are displayed in a museum on the site.

Surrounding towns include Terracina to the West, Fondi to the North, Itri to the North-East, and Gaeta to the East. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Ullevål Hageby
59°56′37″N 10°44′0″E﻿ / ﻿59.94361°N 10.73333°E﻿ / 59.94361; 10.73333

Ullevål Hageby is a residential area and garden city in borough Nordre Aker of Oslo, Norway. All housing in the area is part of the housing cooperative Oslo Havebyselskap. The area borders on Ullevål University Hospital to the east, Blindern in the west, and Berg to the north.

Berg, Oslo
Berg is a neighbourhood in the west side of Oslo. It is located in the borough Nordre Aker, and is surrounded by the neighbourhoods Nordberg in the north, Tåsen in the east and Ullevål Hageby in the southwest. Berg is named after an abandoned farm with the same name. Berg is mainly a residential area, and is served by the station Berg on the Sognsvann Line.
Campus Antiwar Network
Campus Antiwar Network (CAN) is an American independent grassroots network of students opposing the occupation of Iraq and military recruiters in US schools.  It was founded prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and claims to be the largest campus-based antiwar organization in the United States.

Counter-recruitment
Counter-recruitment refers to activity opposing military recruitment, in some or all of its forms. Among the methods used are research, consciousness-raising, political advocacy and direct action. Most such activity is a response to recruitment by state armed forces, but may also target intelligence agencies, private military companies, and non-state armed groups.
Glen Eden railway station
Glen Eden railway station is located on the Western Line of the AT Metro rail network in Auckland, New Zealand. The station building is a local historical landmark, and was restored and relocated from the eastern to the western side of the railway corridor in 2001. A restaurant is currently located in the old station building.

Western Line (Auckland)
The Western Line in Auckland, New Zealand, is the name given to suburban train services that operate between Waitematā and Swanson via Newmarket. Services are operated by Auckland One Rail under the Auckland Transport brand.
Highland guan
The highland guan (Penelopina nigra) is a species of bird in the family Cracidae. It is found in the highlands of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, southern Mexico, and Nicaragua.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. Its population has declined much in recent times: Listed as a species of Least Concern in 1994, it was uplisted to Near Threatened in 2000 and, as it was determined to be less common than previously believed, to Vulnerable in the 2007 IUCN Red List.

Cracidae
The chachalacas, guans, and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are species of tropical and subtropical Central and South America. The range of one species, the plain chachalaca, just reaches southernmost parts of Texas in the United States. Two species, the Trinidad piping guan and the rufous-vented chachalaca occur on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago respectively.
History of Mexican Americans in Houston
The city of Houston has significant populations of Mexican Americans, Mexican immigrants, and Mexican citizen expatriates. Houston residents of Mexican origin make up the oldest Hispanic ethnic group in Houston, and Jessi Elana Aaron and José Esteban Hernández, authors of "Quantitative evidence for contact-induced accommodation: Shifts in /s/ reduction patterns in Salvadoran Spanish in Houston," referring to another large Latino group in Houston, stated that as of 2007 it was the most "well-established" Hispanophone ethnic group there. Houston is the third city for Mexican immigrants after Chicago and Los Angeles.

Ninfa's
The Original Ninfa's on Navigation is a popular Mexican restaurant located at 2704 Navigation Boulevard in Houston, Texas.  The restaurant serves both Tex-Mex and Mexican cuisine. The Original Ninfa's was started by Ninfa Rodríguez Laurenzo, a Mexican-American woman, in a tortilla factory. Ninfa Laurenzo became a full-time restaurateur and the tortilla factory closed. Mama Ninfa is widely credited with popularizing the fajita among Houstonians.

Dai Huynh of the Houston Chronicle said that the Ninfa's locations opened after the first two restaurants "failed to attract the following of earlier restaurants." Tom Laurenzo said that the Laurenzo family never became very wealthy while it controlled the Ninfa's restaurants. He said "Everything was put back into the business." When the Laurenzo family controlled the restaurant chain, it was managed by Ninfa's Inc., which became a subsidiary of the Laurenzo-controlled holding company RioStar Corp.
Georgia's 53rd Senate district
District 53 of the Georgia Senate elects one member of the Georgia State Senate. It contains the entirety of Catoosa County, Chattooga County, Dade County and Walker County, as well as parts of Floyd County.

Catoosa County, Georgia
Catoosa County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Georgia. According to the 2020 census, the population was 67,872. The county seat is Ringgold. The county was created on December 5, 1853. The meaning of the Cherokee language name "Catoosa" is obscure.  "Catoosa" may come from the Cherokee words gatusi ("hill", "small mountain" or "high place") or gatu'gitse ("new settlement place").

Catoosa County is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative
Edinburgh Student Housing Co-operative is the largest student housing cooperative in the United Kingdom, providing affordable housing for the co-operative's 106 student members. The co-operative opened in the summer of 2014.

The co-operative manages two neighbouring properties at Wright's Houses in Bruntsfield, Edinburgh, overlooking the historic Bruntsfield Links. It is also notable for organising and managing itself using a system of direct democracy, with as much of the work as possible undertaken directly by its members.

The co-operative is a member of Students for Cooperation, a federation of student co-operatives across the UK, alongside the UK's two other operating student housing co-operatives, Birmingham Student Housing Co-operative and Sheffield Student Housing Co-operative.

Student housing cooperative
A student housing cooperative, also known as co-operative housing, is a housing cooperative for student members. Members live in alternative cooperative housing that they personally own and maintain. These houses are designed to lower housing costs while providing an educational and community environment for students to live and grow in. They are, in general, nonprofit, communal, and self-governing, with students pooling their monetary and personal resources to create a community style home. Many student housing cooperatives share operation and governing of the house. As with most cooperatives, student housing coops follow the Rochdale Principles and promote collaboration and community work done by the members for mutual benefit.

Most student housing coops in Canada and the United States are members of North American Students of Cooperation.
Cecil J. Nesbitt
Cecil James Nesbitt, Ph.D., F.S.A., M.A.A.A. (1912–2001) was a mathematician who was a Ph.D. student of Richard Brauer and wrote many influential papers in the early history of modular representation theory.

Nesbitt taught actuarial mathematics at the University of Michigan from 1938 to 1980.  Nesbitt was born in Ontario, Canada. He received his mathematical education at the University of Toronto and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.  He served the Society of Actuaries from 1985 to 1987 as Vice-President for Research and Studies. He developed the Schuette–Nesbitt formula with Donald R. Schuette.

Richard Brauer
Richard Dagobert Brauer (February 10, 1901 – April 17, 1977) was a German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory. He was the founder of modular representation theory.
Astrothelium disjunctum
Astrothelium disjunctum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. Found in Brazil, it was formally described as a new species in 2016 by lichenologists André Aptroot and Marcela Cáceres. The type specimen was collected by the authors in the Parque Natural Municipal de Porto Velho (Porto Velho, Rondônia), in a low-altitude rainforest. The lichen has a smooth and somewhat shiny, pale yellowish-grey thallus that has a black prothallus line (about 0.3 mm wide) and covers areas of up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The ascomata are roughly spherical (globose) and typically occur in groups of 5 to 25, usually immersed in the bark tissue as pseudostromata. The characteristic that largely distinguishes it from other members of Astrothelium are its smooth to coarsely uneven thallus. Astrothelium disjunctum is somewhat similar to A. bicolor, but that species has smaller ascospores.

Astrothelium
Astrothelium is a large genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. The genus is characterized by a corticate thallus and diverse ascomata structures, which can be simple, aggregated, or forming pseudostromata. Astrothelium is also notable for the carbonized walls of its ascomata, the so-called textura intricata (i.e., tightly interwoven) arrangement of cells in these walls, and various forms of distoseptate, transparent spores.
Württemberg regional football team
The Württemberg regional football team is the amateur association football team representing Württemberg, Germany. The team competes in the German Football Association's annual U21 Länderpokal under the auspices of the Württemberg Football Association. The team has also been Germany's representative in the UEFA Regions' Cup four times.

Württemberg Football Association
The Württemberg Football Association (German: Württembergischer Fußballverband), the WFV, is one of 21 state organisations of the German Football Association, the DFB, and covers the north-eastern part of the state of Baden-Württemberg.

The Württemberg FA is also part of the Southern German Football Association, the SFV, one of five regional federations in Germany. The other members of the SFV are the football associations of Hesse, Bavaria, South Baden and Baden. The SFV is the largest of the five regional federations and based in Munich.
Biren Deka
Biren Deka is an Indian politician and the General Secretary of the Revolutionary Communist Party of India. He was elected as its General Secretary in 2006. He is also a retired professor of the Department of Economics of Nowgong Girls' College.

Revolutionary Communist Party of India
The Revolutionary Communist Party of India (abbreviated as RCPI) is a political party in India. The party was founded as the Communist League by Saumyendranath Tagore in 1934, breaking away from the Communist Party of India (CPI). RCPI led armed uprisings after the independence of India, but later shifted to parliamentary politics. The party is active in Assam, Kerala, West Bengal, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The party was represented in the West Bengal government while being a part of Second United Front Cabinet (1969) as well as in various state government during the Left Front rule in the state (1977–2011). In Assam, the party won four Legislative Assembly seats in 1978, but its political influence has since declined in the state.
Templeton station
Templeton is an at-grade station on the Canada Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. The station is located in Richmond, British Columbia, south of the city of Vancouver, and is built on the Grauer Lands on the eastern portion of Sea Island.

The Vancouver International Airport Authority contributed up to $300 million toward the airport branch of the Canada Line, which includes Templeton. This station, along with Sea Island Centre, was built at-grade to allow for the future construction of an elevated aircraft taxiway over the Canada Line guideway.

Sea Island (British Columbia)
Sea Island (hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓: sqʷsaθən) is an island in the Fraser River estuary in the city of Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. It is located south of the city of Vancouver and northwest of Lulu Island.

Sea Island is home to Vancouver International Airport (YVR), a nature conservation area, and a permanent resident population of 814, most of which live in the neighbourhood of Burkeville.
U&Dave
U&Dave is a British free-to-air television channel owned by UKTV, a subsidiary of BBC Studios. It is known for broadcasting modern comedy and factual programming, with both original production and repeats.

Launched in October 1998 as UK Gold Classics, the channel would undergo various identity and format changes before adopting the Dave branding on 15 October 2007. It was renamed U&Dave in July 2024 to mark the streaming service UKTV Play being renamed as U.

U&DaveJaVu is its sister timeshift channel. Unlike other commercial channels, it doesn't have a "+1" next to it and is named after the term déjà vu.

U (streaming service)
U (formerly known as UKTV Play) is UKTV’s free, ad-supported streaming service in the UK, offering on-demand access to programmes from UKTV’s free-to-air channels: U&Dave, U&Drama, U&W and U&Yesterday). The service launched on 4 August 2014. UKTV is operated by the BBC's commercial subsidiary BBC Studios.
Yamagata Masakage
Yamagata Masakage (山県 昌景; 1524 – June 29, 1575) also known as Obu Masakage was a Japanese samurai warrior of the Sengoku period.  He is known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen". He was famous for his red armour and skill in battle, and was a personal friend of Takeda Shingen. He was the younger brother of Obu Toramasa, who was also a retainer of Shingen, leading the famous "red fire unit" (derived from Shingen's slogan Fūrinkazan).

Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen
The Twenty-Four Generals (武田二十四将, Takeda Nijūshi-shō) were just one of many historically famous groupings of battle commanders from Japan's Sengoku Period. These Twenty-Four were the most trusted companions of Takeda Shingen. A third of them died at the famous Battle of Nagashino in 1575 when they led the Takeda forces against Oda Nobunaga. When Takeda Katsuyori committed suicide in 1582, declaring the end of the Takeda clan, only three of them were still serving under the Takeda.
Boavita
Boavita is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the subregion of the Northern Boyacá Province. The urban centre of Boavita is situated in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes at an altitude of 2,114 metres (6,936 ft) and a distance of 184 kilometres (114 mi) from the department capital Tunja. The municipality borders Capitanejo, Santander, and the Nevado River in the north, San Mateo and La Uvita in the east, Tipacoque and Soatá in the west and Susacón in the south.

San Mateo, Boyacá
San Mateo is a town and municipality in the Northern Boyacá Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. The urban centre is located at an altitude of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. San Mateo borders Guacamayas, Panqueba and El Cocuy in the east, Boavita in the west, Macaravita, Santander in the north and La Uvita in the south.
The Making of the English Working Class
The Making of the English Working Class is a work of English social history written by E. P. Thompson, a New Left historian. It was first published in 1963 by Victor Gollancz Ltd, and republished in revised form in 1968 by Pelican, after which it became an early Open University set book. It concentrates on English artisan and working-class society "in its formative years 1780 to 1832".

It was placed 30th in the Modern Library 100 Best Nonfiction books of the 20th century.

Victor Gollancz Ltd
Victor Gollancz Ltd (/ɡəˈlænts/) was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century and continues to publish science fiction and fantasy titles as an imprint of Orion Publishing Group.

Gollancz was founded in 1927 by Victor Gollancz, and specialised in the publication of high-quality literature, nonfiction, and popular fiction, including crime, detective, mystery, thriller, and science fiction. Upon Gollancz's death in 1967, ownership passed to his daughter, Livia, who in 1989 sold it to Houghton Mifflin. Three years later in October 1992, Houghton Mifflin sold Gollancz to the publishing house Cassell & Co. Cassell and its parent company Orion Publishing Group were acquired by Hachette in 1996, and in December 1998 the merged Orion/Cassell group turned Gollancz into its science fiction/fantasy imprint.