hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum
Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum is a species of agaric fungus in the family Callistosporiaceae. It was originally described in 1859 as Agaricus luteo-olivaceus by Miles Joseph Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis in 1859. Rolf Singer transferred it to Callistosporium in 1946. The fungus has an extensive synonymy.

The brownish mushroom has caps up to 4.5 centimetres (1+3⁄4 in) wide. The gills are yellowish and close. The stem is 7 cm (2+3⁄4 in) long, fibrillose and hollow, with yellowish tomentum near the base. The spores are colorless, producing a whitish print or a yellow color in ammonia. The species can resemble Tricholomopsis aurea, T. sulfureoides, and Gymnopilus picreus.

Although rare, C. luteo-olivaceum is widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas of Europe and North America. In 2014, it was reported growing in pine forests in Western Himalaya, Pakistan. The species is inedible.

Callistosporium
Callistosporium is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are agarics (gilled mushrooms), either with a central stipe (stalk) or pleurotoid (with a lateral stipe). The latter group were formerly referred to Pleurocollybia. Recent molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that the genus is a natural, monophyletic grouping, though not all species have yet been sequenced. Species are saprotrophic, typically growing on wood, and the genus is found worldwide.
Flax Bourton railway station
Flax Bourton railway station was a railway station on the Bristol to Exeter line, 5 miles 49 chains (9.03 km) from Bristol Temple Meads, serving the village of Flax Bourton in North Somerset. It opened in 1860, and was closed by the Beeching Axe in 1964.

Bristol–Exeter line
The Bristol to Exeter line is a major branch of the Great Western Main Line in the West of England and runs from Bristol, to Exeter, from where it continues as the Exeter to Plymouth line. It  was one of the principal routes of the pre-1948 Great Western Railway which were subsequently taken over by the Western Region of British Railways and are now part of the Network Rail system.
Corticium roseum
Corticium roseum is a species of fungus in the family Corticiaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are effused, smooth, corticioid, and pink. The species has a wide, north and south temperate distribution and in Europe is typically found on dead, attached branches of Salix and Populus.

Corticiaceae
The Corticiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Corticiales. The family formerly included almost all the corticioid (patch- or crust-forming) fungi, whether they were related or not, and as such was highly artificial. In its current sense, however, the name Corticiaceae is restricted to a comparatively small group of corticioid genera within the Corticiales.
Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin
Minsan Lang Kita Iibigin (International title: One Great Love / transl. I Will Only Love You Once) is a 2011 Philippine television drama family military series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Ruel S. Bayani, Darnel Joy R. Villaflor and Avel E. Sunpongco, it stars Coco Martin, Maja Salvador, Andi Eigenmann and Martin del Rosario. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from March 7 to August 19, 2011, and was replaced by My Binondo Girl. It is the second Philippine television series to be shot in high definition format after Rounin.

Amy Austria
Esmeralda Dizon Tuazon-Ventura (born December 13, 1961), known professionally as Amy Austria (Tagalog: [ˈami ˈʔaʊstɾija bɛnˈtʊɾa]), is a Filipino film and television actress. She is a recipient of a FAMAS Award, 2 Gawad Urian Awards, 3 FAP Awards and 4 MMFF Awards (including three Best Actress wins).

The Philippine Star listed Austria among the 15 Best Actresses of All Time. In 2019, Austria was inducted at the Hall of Fame at the Metro Manila Film Festival.
Szemerédi's theorem
In arithmetic combinatorics, Szemerédi's theorem is a result concerning arithmetic progressions in subsets of the integers. In 1936, Erdős and Turán conjectured that every set of integers A with positive natural density contains a k-term arithmetic progression for every k. Endre Szemerédi proved the conjecture in 1975.

Terence Tao
Terence Chi-Shen Tao FAA FRS (born 17 July 1975) is an Australian and American mathematician. He is a Fields medalist and a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the James and Carol Collins Chair in the College of Letters and Sciences. His published research includes topics in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, algebraic combinatorics, arithmetic combinatorics, geometric combinatorics, probability theory, compressed sensing, analytic number theory and the applications of artificial intelligence in mathematics.

Tao was born to Chinese immigrant parents and raised in Adelaide, South Australia. Tao won the Fields Medal in 2006 and won the Royal Medal and Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in 2014, and is a 2006 MacArthur Fellow. Tao has been the author or co-author of over three hundred research papers, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest living mathematicians.
Avengers Assemble (TV series)
Avengers Assemble is an American superhero animated series based on the Marvel Comics superhero team known as the Avengers. Designed to capitalize on the success of the 2012 film The Avengers, the series premiered on Disney XD on May 26, 2013, as the successor to The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes.

It previously aired alongside Ultimate Spider-Man and Guardians of the Galaxy as a part of the Marvel Universe block. Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, Duncan Rouleau and Steven T. Seagle, known collectively as Man of Action, developed the series and were executive producers on seasons 1 and 2.

Klaw (character)
Klaw (Ulysses Klaue) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as a human physicist who has been transformed into solid sound, and who wears a sonic emitter on his right wrist as a prosthetic device. He is often in conflict with the Fantastic Four and the Avengers, and he is also an enemy of the Black Panther and Ka-Zar.

The character is featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, animated television series, and merchandise such as trading cards. Andy Serkis portrays Klaue in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Black Panther (2018), and the Disney+ series What If...? (2021).
Woolverstone Hall School
In the early 1950s the London County Council obtained use of Woolverstone Hall near Ipswich, Suffolk, and some 50 acres (200,000 m2) of adjoining land for the purpose of establishing a secondary grammar boarding school for London boys.  The premises were previously occupied by the LNS Woolverstone, a branch of the London Nautical School, some students of which were permitted to complete their education in the new environment, which commenced experimentally in 1950. In September 1951, the new school formally opened with mostly new teaching staff under headmaster J. S. H. Smitherman. It became comprehensive in 1977, under the auspices of the Inner London Education Authority. The school closed in 1990 and the site was sold to the Girls' Day School Trust. In 1992 it became the home of Ipswich High School.

Ipswich High School, Suffolk
Ipswich High School is an independent co-educational day and boarding school for pupils aged 3 to 18, based at Woolverstone Hall, near Ipswich, Suffolk, England. The school is set within 87 acres of parkland overlooking the River Orwell. Founded in 1878, the school was formerly part of the Girls' Day School Trust (GDST) and became fully co-educational in 2018. It is now owned by Ipswich Education Limited.
Mark Pittman
James Mark Pittman (October 25, 1957 - November 25, 2009) was a financial journalist covering corporate finance and derivative markets. He was awarded several prestigious journalism awards, the Gerald Loeb Award, the George Polk Award, a New York Press Club award, the Hillman Prize and several New York Associated Press awards.

Alison Kodjak
Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak is an American journalist and currently works for the Associated Press as its Washington investigations editor. She previously reported for the AP from 1997 to 2000. She formerly worked for National Public Radio, where she led the science desk, the Center for Public Integrity, and at Bloomberg News for 10 years, and has also worked as a reporter for newspapers, including The Philadelphia Inquirer.  She is a two-time winner of the George Polk Award, one of journalism's most prestigious honors.
Rossleigh Court
Rossleigh Court is a rental apartment building located on the northwest corner of 85th Street and Central Park West on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City.

Like the similarly designed and adjoining building to its north, 257 Central Park West, Rossleigh Court was designed by Mulliken and Moeller and built by Gotham Building and Construction between 1906 and 1907. Opening one year after its "twin" to the north, both buildings followed the popular "French Flat" model in a Beaux-Arts style.

85th Street (Manhattan)
85th Street is a westbound-running street, running from East End Avenue to Riverside Drive in the borough of Manhattan in New York City, United States.

At Fifth Avenue, the street feeds into the 86th Street transverse, which runs east–west through Central Park and heads from the Upper East Side (where it is known as East 85th Street) to West 86th Street on the Upper West Side. West 85th Street resumes one block south of the transverse's western end.  It includes landmarks such as the Lewis Gouverneur and Nathalie Bailey Morris House at 100 East 85th Street, the sidewalk clock at East 85th Street and Third Avenue, the Yorkville Bank Building at 201–203 East 85th Street, Red House at 350 West 85th Street, and 
Regis High School.
Wooleybah Sawmill and Settlement
The Wooleybah Sawmill and Settlement is a heritage-listed former small settlement and sawmill at Old Wooleybah Road, Kenebri, Warrumbungle Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1935 by the Underwood family. It is also known as Wooleybah Dead Man's Waterhole. The property is owned by Forestry Commission of NSW (formerly State Forests of NSW), an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 17 December 2010.

Warrumbungle Shire
The Warrumbungle Shire is a local government area in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is traversed by the Newell Highway. The Warrumbungle mountain range and Warrumbungles National Park are major tourist attractions for the Shire. Its seat is located in Coonabarabran, a town in the southwest.

The mayor of Warrumbungle Shire Council is Cr. Kathryn Rindfleish, who is unaligned with any political party.

The Warrumbungle Shire local government area sits on Gamilaraay land to the north-east, Wiradjuri land to the south, and Weilwan land to the west.
Gimbal lock
Gimbal lock is the loss of one degree of freedom in a multi-dimensional mechanism at certain alignments of the axes. In a three-dimensional three-gimbal mechanism, gimbal lock occurs when the axes of two of the gimbals are driven into a parallel configuration, "locking" the system into rotation in a degenerate two-dimensional space.

The term can be misleading in the sense that none of the individual gimbals is actually restrained. All three gimbals can still rotate freely about their respective axes of suspension. Nevertheless, because of the parallel orientation of two of the gimbals' axes, there is no gimbal available to accommodate rotation about one axis, leaving the suspended object effectively locked (i.e. unable to rotate) around that axis.

The problem can be generalized to other contexts, where a coordinate system loses definition of one of its variables at certain values of the other variables.

Gimbal
A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis. A set of three gimbals, one mounted on the other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow an object mounted on the innermost gimbal to remain independent of the rotation of its support (e.g. vertical in the first animation). For example, on a ship, the gyroscopes, shipboard compasses, stoves, and even drink holders typically use gimbals to keep them upright with respect to the horizon despite the ship's pitching and rolling.

The gimbal suspension used for mounting compasses and the like is sometimes called a Cardan suspension after Italian mathematician and physicist Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576) who described it in detail.  However, Cardano did not invent the gimbal, nor did he claim to.  The device has been known since antiquity, first described in the 3rd c. BC by Philo of Byzantium, although some modern authors support the view that it may not have a single identifiable inventor.
Iodolactonization
Iodolactonization (or, more generally, halolactonization) is an organic reaction that forms a ring (the lactone) by the addition of an oxygen and iodine across a carbon-carbon double bond. It is an intramolecular variant of the halohydrin synthesis reaction. The reaction was first reported by M. J. Bougalt in 1904 and has since become one of the most effective ways to synthesize lactones. Strengths of the reaction include the mild conditions and incorporation of the versatile iodine atom into the product.

IodolactonizationIntroduction

Iodolactonization has been used in the synthesis of many natural products including those with medicinal applications such as vernolepin and vernomenin, two compounds used in tumor growth inhibition, and vibralactone, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Iodolactonization has also been used by Elias James Corey to synthesize numerous prostaglandins.

Lactone
Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters. They are derived from the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids by esterification. They can be saturated or unsaturated.

Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is named after its largest town, Oldham. The borough had a population of 251,560 in 2024, making it the sixth-largest district by population in Greater Manchester. The borough spans 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi).

Royton Urban District
Royton was a local government district from 1863 to 1974 in Lancashire, England, which covered the modern-day town of Royton, and its suburbs and districts.

It covered a significant area to the north-west of the County Borough of Oldham, and formed part of the Oldham parliamentary constituency, which was abolished in 1950.
Tel Nof Airbase
Tel Nof Airbase (Hebrew: בָּסִיס חֵיל-הַאֲוִויר תֵּל נוֹף, English: Lookout hill) (ICAO: LLEK), also known as Air Force Base 8, is the oldest and main base of the Israeli Air Force (IAF) located 5 km south of Rehovot, in the center of Israel. Tel Nof houses two strike fighter, two transport helicopter and a UAV squadron. Also located on the base are the Flight Test Center Manat and several special units of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), among others Unit 669 (heliborne Combat Search and Rescue, CSAR) and the Paratroopers Brigade training center and its headquarters. See also: Units.

IAI Eitan
The IAI Eitan (איתן – "Steadfast"; export designation Heron TP) is an unmanned reconnaissance aircraft developed in Israel in the early 21st century by the Malat division of Israel Aerospace Industries. The aircraft is a newer version of the IAI Heron. Along with intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance (ISTR), Israeli IAI Eitan also capable of holding armed roles. There are conflicting reports on whether the exported Eitan's are unarmed or armed.
Taw Phaya
Prince Edward Taw Phaya (Burmese: တော်ဘုရား; also known as Tun Aung, 22 March 1924 – 12 January 2019) was the Pretender to the Throne of Burma (abolished in 1885). He was the second son of Princess Myat Phaya Galay, the fourth daughter of King Thibaw and Queen Supayalat. Upon the death of his aunt Myat Phaya Lat in 1956, he became the Head of the Royal House of Konbaung.

Pyin Oo Lwin
Pyin Oo Lwin or Pyin U Lwin (Burmese: ပြင်ဦးလွင်မြို့, MLCTS: prang u: lwang mrui., pronounced [pjɪ̀ɰ̃ ʔú lwɪ̀ɰ̃]; Shan: ဝဵင်းပၢင်ႇဢူႈ, Weng Pang U), formerly and colloquially referred to as Maymyo (Burmese: မေမြို့, MLCTS: me mrui.), is a scenic hill town in the Mandalay Region, Myanmar, approximately 67 kilometers (42 mi) east of Mandalay, at an elevation of 1,070 metres (3,510 ft). The town had an estimated population of around 255,000 in 2014.
Femina Miss India 2015
The 52nd edition of the Femina Miss India beauty pageant finale was held at Yash Raj Films Studios, Mumbai on March 28, 2015. The pageant was telecast on Colors TV and Zoom (TV channel). Twenty-one contestants competed during the pageant. Koyal Rana crowned Aditi Arya as her successor, while Aafreen Vaz and Vartika Singh were crowned 1st and 2nd Runners Up respectively.

Aditi Arya represented India at Miss World 2015 held in China . Aafreen Vaz represented India at Miss Supranational 2015 held in Poland, where she placed in the Top 10 and was crowned Miss Supranational Asia and Oceania 2015.

Femina Miss India
Miss India, also known as Femina Miss India, is a national beauty pageant in India that selects representatives to compete in the Miss World competition, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants. It is organized by Femina, a women's magazine published by The Times Group.

The current Femina Miss India World is Nikita Porwal from Madhya Pradesh. She was crowned by the previous titleholder, Nandini Gupta, on 16 October 2024 in Mumbai.
Anti-tank rifle
An anti-tank rifle is an anti-materiel rifle designed to penetrate the armor of armored fighting vehicles, most commonly tanks, armored personnel carriers, and infantry fighting vehicles. The term is usually used for weapons that can be carried and used by one person, but is sometimes used for larger weapons. The usefulness of rifles for this purpose ran from the introduction of tanks in World War I until the Korean War. While medium and heavy tank armor became too thick to be penetrated by rigid projectiles from rifles that could be carried by a single soldier, anti-tank rifles continued to be used against other "soft" targets, though recoilless rifles and rocket-propelled grenades such as the bazooka were also introduced for infantry close-layer defense against tanks.

PTRD-41
The PTRD-41 (Russian: Противотанковое однозарядное ружьё образца 1941 года системы Дегтярёва, romanized: Protivotankovoye odnozaryadnoye ruzhyo obraztsa 1941 goda sistemy Degtyaryova, lit. 'Anti-tank single-shot gun pattern 1941, Degtyaryov system') is an anti-tank rifle that was produced and used from 1941 by the Soviet Red Army during World War II. It is a single-shot weapon which fires the 14.5×114 mm round, which was able to penetrate German tanks such as the Panzer III and early models of the Panzer IV. Although unable to penetrate the frontal armor of late-war German tanks, it could penetrate their thinner side and top armor at close ranges as well as thinly armored self-propelled guns and half-tracks.
Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph
The Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph is the local newspaper for north and east Northamptonshire and is the sister paper of Northampton's Chronicle & Echo. It is based at Newspaper House in Rothwell Road, Kettering, and has since 1996 been part of the Johnston Press newspaper group. The paper also has district offices in Wellingborough, Rushden and Corby.

The Northamptonshire Evening Telegraph is published in full colour every Thursday. Two editions of the paper are printed—one distributed in Corby and the other in Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden and the surrounding areas. In spring 2012 a decision was made by the newspaper's owners that the newspaper would become a weekly publication, along with several other local newspapers.

The paper has been published continuously since 4 October 1897. A sports edition, the Football Telegraph, was also published until 1914 and again from 1921 to 1939.

Wellingborough
Wellingborough (/ˈwɛlɪŋbrə/ WEL-ing-brə) is a market town in the North Northamptonshire, Unitary Authority area, England, 65 miles (105 km) from London and 11 miles (18 km) from Northampton, north of the River Nene.

Originally named "Wendelingburgh" (the stronghold of Wændel's people), the Anglo-Saxon settlement is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Wendelburie". The town's market was granted a royal charter in 1201 by King John. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 56,564. The built-up area also includes suburbs Wilby, Great Doddington, Little Irchester, Redhill Grange, Stanton Cross, Waendel View and Glenvale Park.
Alan Truscott
Alan Fraser Truscott (16 April 1925 – 4 September 2005) was a British-American bridge player, writer, and editor. He wrote the daily bridge column for The New York Times for 41 years, from 1964 to 2005, and served as Executive Editor for the first six editions of The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge from 1964 to 2002.

Boris Schapiro
Boris Schapiro (22 August 1909 – 1 December 2002) was a British international bridge player. He was a Grandmaster of the World Bridge Federation, and the only player to have won both the Bermuda Bowl (the world championship for national teams) and the World Senior Pairs championship. He won the European teams championship on four occasions as part of the British team.
Cova Lima Municipality
Cova Lima (Portuguese: Município Cova Lima, Tetum: Munisípiu Kovalima) is a municipality of Timor-Leste, in the Southwest part of the country. It has a population of 59,455 (Census 2010) and an area of 1,230 km2. The capital of the municipality is Suai, which lies 136 km from Dili, the national capital.

Suai
Suai is a city in Timor-Leste, in Suai Subdistrict. It has a population of 9,866 and is located 138 kilometres (86 mi) to the southwest of Dili, the national capital. Suai is the capital of the Cova Lima District, which is in the southwest of the country. It is located just a few kilometers from the Timor Sea, on the south side of the island.

Suai was the location of the Suai Church Massacre in September 1999. It was one of a number of massacres perpetrated by a pro-Indonesia militia in the time of the Indonesian withdrawal of East Timor.

Following the events of 1999, Suai entered into a friendship program with the City of Port Phillip, a bayside municipality south of Melbourne, Australia. Together they are working towards assisting the community of Suai recover.

Suai is served by Suai Airport which was expanded in 2017. The Suai Referral Hospital is located in the town.
Barstow, California
Barstow is a city in San Bernardino County, California, in the Mojave Desert of Southern California. Located in the Inland Empire region of California, the population was 25,415 at the 2020 census. Barstow is an important crossroads for the Inland Empire and home to Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow.

Hinkley, California
Hinkley is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Barstow, 59 miles (95 km) east of Mojave, 47 miles (76 km) north of Victorville and about a 120-mile (193 km) drive northeast of Los Angeles, just north of California State Route 58. The residents have faced concerns over hexavalent chromium in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.