hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lumnezia
Lumnezia is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of the Grisons. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia. It covers the Val Lumnezia (German: Lugnez), a Swiss high alpine valley. Its upper regions are among the most remote areas in the Swiss Alps. The official language is Romansh.

In 1998, the village of Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.

Vignogn
Vignogn is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Miss Vietnam 2008
Miss Vietnam 2008 (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Việt Nam 2008) was the 11th edition of the Miss Vietnam pageant. It was held on 31 August 2008 at Hoai River Square, Hội An, Quảng Nam. Trần Thị Thùy Dung from Đà Nẵng was crowned Miss Vietnam 2008.

Miss Vietnam
Miss Vietnam (Vietnamese: Hoa hậu Việt Nam) is the oldest and most prestigious national beauty contest in Vietnam, that has been held biennially since 1988. The contest is organized by Tiền Phong – a mouthpiece by Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, the youth wing of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the country's only political organization.

The contest is held every two years, with the main goal of the contest being to seek and honor the comprehensive beauty of Vietnamese women, including: beauty, intelligence, culture and kindness. The contest is not only a beauty contest but also a place to spread good values, inspire and contribute positively to the community.

The current Miss Vietnam titleholder is Hà Trúc Linh from Phú Yên province (now Đắk Lắk province), who was crowned on June 27, 2025 in Huế.
Duncan Road
Duncan Road is a generally northeast-southwest former highway in the northeast of Western Australia and northwest of Northern Territory that links the Victoria Highway with Halls Creek. The road, approximately 443 kilometres (275 mi) in length, was designated as National Route 80 from its terminus at Halls Creek through to Nicholson. National Route 80 continued east into the Northern Territory along Buntine Highway (now National Route 96), while Duncan Road snakes its way north, crossing the state border numerous times between Buntine Highway and Victoria Highway.

There are no facilities or fuel centres for the length of the 443 kilometre road.

Halls Creek, Western Australia
Halls Creek is a town situated in the east Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is located between the towns of Fitzroy Crossing and Turkey Creek (Warmun) on the Great Northern Highway.  It is the only sizable town for 600 kilometres (370 mi) on the Highway.

Halls Creek is also the northern end of the Canning Stock Route, which runs 1,850 kilometres (1,150 mi) through the Great Sandy Desert until the southern end of the route at Wiluna.

The town functions as a major hub for the local Indigenous population and as a support centre for cattle stations in the area.

Halls Creek is the administration centre for Halls Creek Shire Council.
Manilia gens
The gens Manilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are frequently confused with the Manlii, Mallii, and Mamilii.  Several of the Manilii were distinguished in the service of the Republic, with Manius Manilius obtaining the consulship in 149 BC; but the family itself remained small and relatively unimportant.

Manlia gens
The gens Manlia (Mānlia) was one of the oldest and noblest patrician houses at Rome, from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times.  The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, consul in 480 BC, and for nearly five centuries its members frequently held the most important magistracies.  Many of them were distinguished statesmen and generals, and a number of prominent individuals under the Empire claimed the illustrious Manlii among their ancestors.
Astragalus sarcocolla
Astragalus sarcocolla, also known as Persian gum, is a shrub or tree from Persia historically famed for its balsam, which was used to create ancient and medieval paint and in traditional medicines. Although its identity was uncertain to Europeans after it fell from use in the medieval period, it has since been identified with a species of Astragalus (Papilionaceae).

Balsam
Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap) which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum "gum of the balsam tree," ultimately from a Semitic source such as Hebrew: בֹּשֶׂם, romanized: bośem, lit. 'spice, perfume') owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead.
Meixner polynomials
In mathematics, Meixner polynomials (also called discrete Laguerre polynomials) are a family of discrete orthogonal polynomials introduced by Josef Meixner (1934). They are given in terms of binomial coefficients and the (rising) Pochhammer symbol by

Discrete orthogonal polynomials
In mathematics, a sequence of discrete orthogonal polynomials is a sequence of polynomials that are pairwise orthogonal with respect to a discrete measure.
Examples include the discrete Chebyshev polynomials, Charlier polynomials,  Krawtchouk polynomials, Meixner polynomials, dual Hahn polynomials,  Hahn polynomials, and Racah polynomials.

If the measure has finite support, then the corresponding sequence of discrete orthogonal polynomials has only a finite number of elements. The Racah polynomials give an example of this.
Fall of Osaka Castle
The fall of Osaka Castle occurred between Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan, where soon after the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, the Tokugawa-held Osaka Castle was captured by pro-Imperial "Kangun" forces on February 2, 1868.

Osaka Castle
Osaka Castle (大坂城 or 大阪城, Ōsaka-jō) is a Japanese castle in Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan. The castle is one of Japan's most famous landmarks and played a major role in the unification of Japan during the sixteenth century of the Azuchi–Momoyama period.
N114 highway
National Route 114 (N114) of the Philippine highway network, is a 162.54-kilometer (101.00 mi) national secondary road in the provinces of Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, and Nueva Vizcaya. It traverses and connects the municipality of Dingalan in the province of Aurora, the city of Palayan, the municipalities of Laur, Gabaldon, Santo Domingo, Guimba, and Cuyapo in the province of Nueva Ecija, Rosales, Santa Maria, Tayug, and San Nicolas in the province of Pangasinan, and Santa Fe in the province of Nueva Vizcaya. It consist of three parts namely, Palayan–Gabaldon–Dingalan Road, Nueva Ecija–Pangasinan Road and Pangasinan–Nueva Vizcaya Road.

Villa Verde Trail is part of this highway, famous for being a major battleground during the Second World War.

Pan-Philippine Highway
The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (Tagalog: Daang Maharlika; Cebuano: Dalang Halangdon), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's principal transport backbone. Measuring 3,379.73 kilometers (2,100.07 mi) long excluding sea routes not counted by highway milestones, it is the longest road in the Philippines that forms the country's north–south backbone component of National Route 1 (N1) of the Philippine highway network. The entire highway is designated as Asian Highway 26 (AH26) of the Asian Highway Network.

The northern terminus of the highway is in front of the Ilocos Norte Provincial Capitol in Laoag and the southern terminus is near the Zamboanga City Hall in Zamboanga City.
Mitsubishi A5M
The Mitsubishi A5M, formal Japanese Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Type 96 Carrier-based Fighter (九六式艦上戦闘機), experimental Navy designation Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 9-Shi Carrier Fighter, company designation Mitsubishi Ka-14, was a WWII-era Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft. The Type number is from the last two digits of the Japanese imperial year 2596 (1936) when it entered service with the Imperial Navy.

It was the world's first low-wing monoplane shipboard fighter to enter service and the predecessor of the famous Mitsubishi A6M "Zero". The Allied reporting name was Claude.

Japanese aircraft carrier Shōhō
Shōhō (Japanese: 祥鳳, "Auspicious Phoenix" or "Happy Phoenix") was a light aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Originally built as the submarine support ship Tsurugizaki (Japanese: 剣埼, "Sword Cape") in the late 1930s, she was converted before the Pacific War into an aircraft carrier and renamed. Completed in early 1942, the ship supported the invasion forces in Operation MO, the invasion of Port Moresby, New Guinea, and was sunk by American carrier aircraft on her first combat operation during the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May. Shōhō was the first Japanese aircraft carrier to be sunk during World War II.
U.S. Route 287
U.S. Route 287 (US 287) is a north–south (physically northwest–southeast) United States highway. At 1,791 miles (2,882 km) long, it is the second longest three-digit U.S. Route, behind US 281. The highway is broken into two segments by Yellowstone National Park, where unnumbered park roads serve as a connector.

The highway's northern terminus is in Choteau, Montana, 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canadian border, at an intersection with US 89. Its southern terminus (as well as those of US 69 and US 96) is in Port Arthur, Texas at an intersection with State Highway 87 (SH 87), five miles (8 km) up the Sabine River from the Gulf of Mexico. It intersects its parent route US 87 twice, overlapping it from Amarillo to Dumas, Texas, and then crossing it in Denver, Colorado.

U.S. Route 64
U.S. Route 64 (US 64) is an east–west United States highway that runs for 2,281 miles (3,672 km) from Nags Head in eastern North Carolina to just southwest of the Four Corners in northeast Arizona. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 160 in Teec Nos Pos, Arizona. The highway's eastern terminus is at NC 12 and U.S. Route 158 at Whalebone Junction, North Carolina. Major cities served along US 64's route include Tulsa, Oklahoma; Conway, Arkansas; Memphis and Chattanooga in Tennessee; and Raleigh and Rocky Mount in North Carolina.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Maine
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Maine.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 249 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 12 National Historic Landmarks. 150 of these properties and districts, including 5 National Historic Landmarks, are located outside Portland, and are listed here, while the properties and districts in Portland are listed separately.  Three once-listed properties outside Portland have been removed.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Cumberland County, Maine
Cumberland County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 303,069, making it the most populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Portland. Cumberland County was founded in 1760 from a portion of York County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, and named for William, Duke of Cumberland, a son of King George II. Cumberland County has the deepest and second-largest body of water in the state, Sebago Lake, which supplies tap water to most of the county. The county is the state's economic and industrial center, having the resources of the Port of Portland, the Maine Mall, and having corporate headquarters of major companies such as onsemi, IDEXX Laboratories, Unum, and TD Bank. Cumberland County is part of the Portland–South Portland, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Rock Hill Schools
York County School District 3 (also known as Rock Hill Schools) is the largest of the four public school districts in York County, South Carolina, United States. The district serves students in and around the city of Rock Hill, approximately 20 miles south of Charlotte, North Carolina.

Rock Hill, South Carolina
Rock Hill is the most populous city in York County, South Carolina, United States, and the 5th-most populous city in the state. It is also the 4th-most populous city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina). As of the 2020 census, the city's population was 74,372.

The city is located approximately 25 miles (40 km) south of Charlotte and approximately 70 miles (110 km) north of Columbia.

Rock Hill offers scenic riverfront views along the Catawba River and is home to numerous nature trails, restaurants, and thirty-one parks which are used for both national and local events. Its historic downtown consist of twelve contiguous buildings built as early as 1840 offering dining and retail options. The city is also home to three colleges, including Winthrop University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1886 which enrolls nearly 6,000 students annually.
Kiyone, Okayama
Kiyone (清音村, Kiyone-son) was a village located in Tsukubo District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 5,563 and a density of 585.58 persons per km2. The total area was 9.50 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Kiyone, along with the village of Yamate (also from Tsukubo District), was merged into the expanded city of Sōja.

Sōja
Sōja (総社市, Sōja-shi) is a city located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 69,428 and a population density of 330 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 211.90 square kilometres (81.82 sq mi).
Brian Ortega
Brian Martin Ortega (born February 21, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2010, Ortega has also competed in the RFA, where he was the Featherweight Champion. As of January 27, 2026, he is #10 in the UFC featherweight rankings.

UFC Fight Night: Swanson vs. Ortega
UFC Fight Night: Swanson vs. Ortega (also known as UFC Fight Night 123) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that was held on December 9, 2017, at Save Mart Center in Fresno, California.
Vicki Ann Heydron
Vicki Ann Heydron (born 21 October 1945) is an American writer of speculative fiction and poetry.

Born in Sacramento, she wrote most of her work in collaboration with her husband Randall Garrett. Her principal work is the Gandalara Cycle (1981–1986), a seven-volume fantasy series. Although both Garrett and Heydron are credited as authors, she is believed to be the principal author given that Garrett was incapacitated for most of the series' publication history.

Randall Garrett
Gordon Randall Phillip David Garrett (December 16, 1927 – December 31, 1987) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He was a contributor to Astounding and other science fiction magazines of the 1950s and '60s. He instructed Robert Silverberg in the techniques of selling large quantities of action-adventure science fiction, and collaborated with him on two novels about men from Earth disrupting a peaceful agrarian civilization on an alien planet.
Port of Eilat
The Port of Eilat (Hebrew: נמל אילת) was the only Israeli port on the Red Sea, located at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba. This strategic location has given it outsized importance despite being remote from the country's main population centers, and access to the port has played a key role in Arab-Israeli conflicts. The port shut down in July 2025 following a blockade by the Houthi movement.

Ramon Airport
Ramon Airport (Hebrew: נמל התעופה רמון) (IATA: ETM, ICAO: LLER), named after Ilan and Assaf Ramon and unofficially also known as Eilat-Ramon Airport, is an international airport located in the Timna Valley in southern Israel. Ramon Airport is the second busiest in Israel (after Ben Gurion Airport) and has replaced the former Eilat Airport and Ovda Airport for civilian traffic. It also serves as the primary diversion airport in Israel.

The airport is located 18 km (11 mi) north of Eilat, next to Be'er Ora. Unlike the previous airport in Eilat, it has ample ramp space and a longer 3,600 m (11,800 ft) runway, which allows large aircraft to land and park. The airport was originally due to open in April 2017, but the opening was pushed back and the airport opened on January 21, 2019. The Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair inaugurated the first international flight service with a Boeing 737–800 from Poznan, Poland, on March 4, 2019.
Charlotte, Texas
Charlotte is a city in Atascosa County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,524 at the 2020 census. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named for Charlotte Simmons, the daughter of Dr. Charles Simmons, who aided in the development of Atascosa County.

Atascosa County, Texas
Atascosa County (/ˌætəsˈkoʊsə/ AT-əs-KOH-sə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in South Texas and its county seat is Jourdanton.

As of the 2020 United States Census, its population was 48,981.  Atascosa County is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area.
St Albans, Nottinghamshire
St. Albans is a civil parish in the Gedling borough of Nottinghamshire, England.

It was part of the wider Bestwood St. Albans parish, which ceased to exist on 31 March 2018 (2018-03-31), after which it was separated into Bestwood Village and St Albans.

At the time of the 2021 census, the population was 3,210, a drop from the 2011 census count of 3,290. As well as the part of Bestwood Country Park surrounding Bestwood Lodge, a former ducal residence, the parish includes the residential areas of Warren Hill, Warren Wood, Deer Park and 'The Gardens' on the northern outskirts of the Greater Nottingham conurbation.

Bestwood St. Albans
Bestwood St. Albans is a former civil parish in the Gedling borough of Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 4,950. At the time of the 2011 census the population had increased to 5,259. The parish included the Bestwood Village and Bestwood Lodge areas, as well as Warren Hill, Warren Wood, Deer Park and 'The Gardens' on the northern outskirts of the Greater Nottingham conurbation, but not the area of Nottingham itself known as Bestwood.
Himanshi Khurana
Himanshi Khurana (born 27 November 1991) is an Indian model, actress and singer who works in Punjabi films. She appeared in the Punjabi movie Sadda Haq. In 2019, she participated in the reality show Bigg Boss 13 as a contestant.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 13
Bigg Boss 13, also known as Bigg Boss Tedha, is the thirteenth season of the Indian reality TV series Bigg Boss and premiered on 29 September 2019 on Colors TV. Salman Khan hosted the season for the tenth time. The grand finale of the show took place on 15 February 2020, when Sidharth Shukla emerged as the winner and Asim Riaz as the runner-up. It is also the most watched season. It had an average 2.1-2.5 TRP every week.
7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
The 7th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army, first established by The Duke of Wellington as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army for service in the Peninsular War, and was active also during the First World War from 1914 to 1919, and briefly in the Second World War in 1939.

Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment was the final title of a line infantry regiment of the British Army that was originally formed in 1688. After centuries of service in many conflicts and wars, including both the First and Second World Wars, the regiment was amalgamated with the Essex Regiment in 1958 to form the 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot). However, this was short-lived and again was amalgamated, in 1964, with the 1st East Anglian Regiment (Royal Norfolk and Suffolk) and 2nd East Anglian Regiment (Duchess of Gloucester's Own Royal Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire), and the Royal Leicestershire Regiment to form the present Royal Anglian Regiment.
Walnut Grove (Clarksville, Maryland)
Walnut Grove is a historic plantation home located in Clarksville, Howard County, Maryland.

The Walnut Grove plantation was built on land patented by Thomas Browne as Browne's Chance and Dorsey's Friendship. Revolutionary war patriot Col Gassaway Watkins built the stone manor house in 1780 with an onsite cemetery.  The property was also owned by racetrack & farm owner John Gill and son Barry Gill

In 1979 the property was entered into a historic preservation easement, with the intent to develop after a 25-year review. In 2001, the owners of Walnut Grove proposed developing 202 acres of the site near Sheppard Lane to develop 101 housing units with Goodier Builders.

Clarksville, Maryland
Clarksville is an unincorporated community in Howard County, Maryland; the second highest-earning county in the United States according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The community is named for William Clark, a farmer who owned much of the land on which the community now lies and served as a postal stop that opened on the 4th of July 1851.

Montrose and Richland Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
Loretto Chapel
The Loretto Chapel is a former Roman Catholic church in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States, that is now a privately owned museum and a wedding chapel.

It is known for its unusual helix-shaped spiral staircase (the "Miraculous Stair"). It has been the subject of legend, and the circumstances surrounding its construction and its builder were considered miraculous by the Sisters of Loretto, who credited Saint Joseph with its construction.

Stairs
Stairs are a structure designed to bridge a large vertical distance between lower and higher levels by dividing it into smaller vertical distances. This is achieved as a diagonal series of horizontal platforms called steps which enable passage to the other level by stepping from one to another step in turn. Steps are very typically rectangular, but may instead be straight, curved, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.

Types of stairs include staircases (also called stairways) and escalators. Some alternatives to stairs are elevators (also called lifts), stairlifts, inclined moving walkways, ladders, and ramps. A stairwell is a vertical shaft or opening that contains a staircase. A flight (of stairs) is an inclined part of a staircase consisting of steps (and their lateral supports if supports are separate from steps).