hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Ward (British politician)
David Ward (born 24 June 1953) is a British politician who was elected as the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford East at the 2010 general election. He lost his seat in 2015 when the Labour Party candidate Imran Hussain defeated him by 7,000 votes. Before his election to parliament, he was a councillor in Bradford for 26 years, and returned to local politics as a councillor from 2016 until his defeat in 2021 and returned again in 2024.

In July 2013, he was suspended from the Liberal Democrats Parliamentary party until September 2013, after questioning the continuing existence of the state of Israel and refusing to apologise for his remarks. He was expelled from the party in 2017.

University of Bradford
The University of Bradford is a public research university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A plate glass university, it received its royal charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, but can trace its origins back to the establishment of the industrial West Yorkshire town's Mechanics Institute in 1832.

The student population includes 7,923 undergraduate and 3,742 postgraduate students. Mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. A total of 22% of students are foreign and come from over 110 countries. There were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted.

It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, which is currently the world's largest university centre for the study of peace and conflict.
Former Gardiners offices
The Former Gardiners offices (grid reference ST596729) is on Old Bread Street, Bristol, England.

It was built in 1865-7 by Foster and Wood and is an example of the Bristol Byzantine style.

It has been designated by English Heritage as a grade II listed building.

Bristol Byzantine
Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine Revival architecture that was popular in the city of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.

Many buildings in the style have been destroyed or demolished, but notable surviving examples include the Bristol Beacon, the Granary on Welsh Back, the Carriage Works on Stokes Croft and several of the buildings around Victoria Street. Several of the warehouses around the harbour have survived including the Arnolfini, which now houses an art gallery. Clarks Wood Company warehouse and the St Vincent's Works in Silverthorne Lane and the Wool Hall in St Thomas Street are other survivors from the 19th century.
Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
The Washington State University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences is one of two PharmD granting institutions within the state of Washington. In 2013, the college and its programs were relocated to the WSU Health Sciences Spokane campus, which also houses the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine and College of Nursing. Along with their Doctor of Pharmacy program, the college offers dual degrees and certificates in engineering, pharmaceutical sciences, communications and an MBA. To better serve rural areas of Washington state, in 2015 the college established its extension in Yakima, located in central Washington. The program is housed in the Pacific Northwest University campus.

As of 2020, the school has nearly 600 PharmD students, and 28 PhD students.

Washington State University Spokane
Washington State University Spokane (WSU Spokane), branded as WSU Health Sciences Spokane, is a campus of Washington State University located in Spokane, Washington. It was established in 1989 and, as of 2010, is designated as the university's health science campus.  The urban campus is housed on the 48-acre (19 ha) multi-institutional WSU Health Sciences Spokane campus, formerly known as the Riverpoint Campus, in Spokane's University District just east of Downtown Spokane.

As of Fall 2019, enrollment on the WSU Spokane campus was 1,685 students, consisting of undergraduate, graduate, and professional students, and the campus also employs 781 faculty and staff.
D'Arcy Island
D'Arcy Island is an 83-hectare (210-acre) island in Haro Strait, south of Sidney Island and east of the Saanich Peninsula (Vancouver Island). It is the southernmost of the Gulf Islands and is part of the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve.

Haro Strait
The Haro Strait is one of the main channels connecting the Strait of Georgia to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, separating Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands in British Columbia, Canada from the San Juan Islands of Washington state in the United States.

The strait is a critical part of the international boundary between Canada and the United States. It stretches from the western terminus of the 49th parallel segment of that boundary, and was chosen by the arbitrator in the San Juan Islands dispute (Pig War) over the Rosario Strait.
Vapnagård
Vapnagård is a large housing project in Helsingør, Denmark. Approx. 4000 people live in the 57 concrete blocks. Each block has either 3 or 4 floors.

56°01′12″N 12°34′52″E﻿ / ﻿56.020°N 12.581°E﻿ / 56.020; 12.581

Helsingør
Helsingør (/ˌhɛlsɪŋˈɜːr/ HEL-sing-UR, Danish: [helse̝ŋˈøɐ̯ˀ]; classically known in English as Elsinore (/ˈɛlsɪnɔːr, ˌɛlsɪˈnɔːr/ EL-sin-or, -⁠OR), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsingør is located at the narrowest part of the Øresund strait and together with Helsingborg in Sweden, forms the northern reaches of the Øresund Region, centred on Copenhagen and Malmö. Helsingør is a ferry city, with the frequent departures on the HH Ferry route, which connects Helsingør with Helsingborg, 4 km (2.5 mi) across the Øresund.

Its castle Kronborg was used by William Shakespeare as the setting for his play Hamlet.
Daryl Palumbo
Daryl Palumbo (born February 10, 1979) is an American musician, originally from Bellmore, New York. He is the frontman of the bands Glassjaw, Head Automatica and Color Film. As a youth he was a member of the Long Island straight edge band XbustedX. In 1993 he met guitarist Justin Beck, who would become his good friend. Together they formed Glassjaw.

Palumbo has Crohn's disease, which has acted as inspiration for much of his musical output, most notably in the lyrical content of Glassjaw's major label debut Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Silence. His affliction has affected his bands' ability to tour, including the cancellation of a tour with The Used in 2005.

Worship and Tribute
Worship and Tribute is the second studio album by American post-hardcore band Glassjaw, released on July 9, 2002, through I Am and Warner Bros. Records. As with their first full-length album, Worship and Tribute was produced by Ross Robinson and mixed and engineered by Mike Fraser.

Worship and Tribute debuted at number 82 on the Billboard 200 and remained on the chart for three weeks. It is their only entry on the chart to date. It has since been recognized as one of the greatest post-hardcore albums and one of the greatest albums of the 2000s.
Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany
Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (c. 1184 – 10 August 1241), also known as Damsel of Brittany, Pearl of Brittany, or Beauty of Brittany, was the eldest daughter of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, and Constance, Duchess of Brittany. Her father was the fourth son of King Henry II of England, and she was the niece of the English kings Richard I and John. As a potential threat to ascendency to the English throne, John imprisoned her in 1202 and she was held in captivity until her death. Like Empress Matilda and Elizabeth of York, Eleanor's claim to the English throne gained little support from the barons, under the expectation that the monarch should be male, despite legal provision for a female monarch. Some historians have commented that her imprisonment was "the most unjustifiable act of King John".

Gloucester Castle
51°51′47″N 2°14′56″W﻿ / ﻿51.863°N 2.249°W﻿ / 51.863; -2.249

Gloucester Castle was a Norman-era royal castle situated in the city of Gloucester in Gloucestershire, England. It was demolished in 1787 and replaced by Gloucester Prison.
Sculthorpe, Norfolk
Sculthorpe is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is some 4 km (2.5 mi) north-west of Fakenham and 5 km (3.1 mi) south-east of South Creake.

The village's name means 'Skuli's outlying farm/settlement'.

The civil parish has an area of 8.52 km2 (3.29 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 744 in 312 households, the population increasing to 751 at the 2011 census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of North Norfolk.

The former water mill, about a mile south of the parish church, is now a pub and restaurant, but some of the workings remain visible.

The large airfield of RAF Sculthorpe lies immediately to the west of the village.

Sculthorpe Moor Community Nature Reserve lies to the south of the village in Turf Moor Road

The Village also has a second pub called The Sculthorpe Aviator.

North Norfolk
North Norfolk is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Cromer, and the largest town is North Walsham. The district also includes the towns of Fakenham, Holt, Sheringham, Stalham and Wells-next-the-Sea, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district lies on the north coast of Norfolk, facing the North Sea, with much of its coastline lying within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Some south-eastern parts of the district lie within The Broads. The neighbouring districts are Great Yarmouth, Breckland, Broadland and King's Lynn and West Norfolk.
Ane Dance in the Quenis Chalmer
Ane Dance in the Quenis Chalmer or A dance in the Queen's chamber is a humorous or satiric Scots poem by William Dunbar.

The verses describe a dance in the chamber of Margaret Tudor, wife of James IV of Scotland. Various courtiers are introduced and their dance moves described in comic terms. The refrain, in modern spelling is, "A merrier dance might no man see". Dancers include Master Robert Schaw who provided medicinal recipes to the queen's apothecary William Foular, and appears to have been a physician serving the women of the court. Perhaps to widen the appeal of the poem for a court audience that may have include the subjects of the satire, Dunbar introduces himself as a dancer who clumsily sheds a slipper or panton.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
1988–89 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team represented Duke University. The head coach was Mike Krzyzewski. The team played its home games in the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina, and was a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. Duke finished with an overall record of 28–8 (9–5 ACC) They were invited to the 1989 NCAA Tournament as a #2 seed. Duke would advance to the Final Four after wins over South Carolina State, West Virginia, Minnesota and Georgetown. But their season would come to an end after a one sided loss to Seton Hall 95–78.

1988–89 Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team
The 1988–89 Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team represented Seton Hall University as members of the Big East Conference during the 1988–89 NCAA men's basketball season. The Pirates were led by seventh year head coach P.J. Carlesimo. They played their home games at Walsh Gymnasium and Meadowlands Arena. Unranked to start the season, Seton Hall finished the season as national runner-up with a 31–7 overall record (11–5 in Big East play).

As the No. 3 seed in the West Regional of the 1989 NCAA tournament, they defeated Southwest Missouri State, Evansville, Indiana, and UNLV to reach the Final Four. In the national semifinals, the Pirates dispatched Duke 95–78. The magical tournament run ended with an 80–79 overtime loss to Michigan in the National Championship Game.
Carbondale, Colorado
The Town of Carbondale is a home rule municipality located in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The town population was 6,434 at the 2020 United States census. Carbondale is a part of the Rifle, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The town is located in the Roaring Fork Valley, downstream from Aspen and upstream from the mouth of the Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs. The town proper sits on the south bank of the river, near its confluence with the Crystal River. Carbondale's horizon is dominated by the 12,953 ft (3,952 m) tall Mount Sopris several miles to the south of town. Carbondale is the northern terminus of the West Elk Loop Scenic and Historic Byway.

Crystal River (Colorado)
The Crystal River is a tributary of the Roaring Fork River. It is approximately 40 miles (64 km) long and is located in Gunnison, Pitkin and Garfield counties in Colorado, United States.

The river is a popular fly fishing and outdoor tourism destination.

The Crystal River remains one of the few rivers in Colorado that is undammed along its length, making the segments that are upstream of large ranching irrigation diversions outside of Carbondale eligible for federal Wild and Scenic River protection.

The Crystal Valley historically was a seasonal home and hunting ground of the Parianuche and Yampa bands of the Ute people.
Pilatus Railway
The Pilatus Railway (German: Pilatusbahn, PB) is a mountain railway in Switzerland and the steepest rack railway in the world, with a maximum gradient of 48% and an average gradient of 35%. The line runs from Alpnachstad, on Lake Alpnach, to a terminus near the Esel summit of Pilatus at an elevation of 2,073 m (6,801 ft), which makes it the highest railway in the canton of Obwalden and the second highest in Central Switzerland after the Furka line. At Alpnachstad, the Pilatus Railway connects with steamers on Lake Lucerne and with trains on the Brünigbahn line of Zentralbahn.

Brünig railway line
The Brünig railway line (German: Brünigbahn) is a Swiss narrow gauge railway line that links Lucerne, in central Switzerland, with Interlaken, in the Bernese Oberland. The line runs via Alpnachstad, Giswil, Meiringen and Brienz, and passes over the Brünig Pass, using sections of rack railway to overcome the gradients, but with most of the line operated by normal adhesion methods.

The line is 74 kilometres (46 mi) long. It opened in stages between 1888 and 1916, and was, between 1903 and 2004, the only narrow gauge line of the Swiss Federal Railways. Today the line forms part, along with the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line, of the Zentralbahn company. The line is served by Panorama Express trains that operate the full length of the line, with regular (non-rack) Regio trains between Interlaken and Meiringen, and Lucerne S-Bahn trains between Lucerne and Giswil. The section between Hergiswil and Lucerne is shared with the Luzern–Stans–Engelberg line.
2016 Washington Initiative 732
Washington Initiative 732 (I-732) was a ballot initiative in 2016 to levy a carbon tax in the State of Washington, and simultaneously reduce the state sales tax. It was rejected 59.2% to 40.8%. The measure appeared on the November 2016 ballot. The backers of I-732 submitted roughly 350,000 signatures in December 2015 to certify the initiative.

The initiative was spearheaded by environmental economist Yoram Bauman, a strong advocate of carbon pricing. It was modeled after the British Columbia carbon tax, which was considered "popular across the political spectrum". The carbon tax in British Columbia caused the province's fuel consumption to decrease by 16% and its greenhouse gas emissions to decrease 3.5 times faster than the emissions of Canada as a whole, while maintaining steady economic growth.

2016 Washington elections
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Washington on November 8, 2016. The primary was held on August 2.

At the time of the filing deadline of May 20, 2016, 682 candidates had filed for 345 offices statewide.
Perarrúa
Perarrúa (Spanish: [peɾaˈru.a]), in Ribagorçan and Aragonese: Perarruga (locally [peɾaˈru.a]; Aragonese: Perarruga) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 123 inhabitants.

Aragonese language
Aragonese (/ˌærəɡəˈniːz/ ARR-ə-gə-NEEZ; aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinct from Spanish.

Historically, people referred to the language as fabla ('talk' or 'speech'). Native Aragonese people usually refer to it by the names of its local dialects such as cheso (from Valle de Hecho) or patués (from the Benasque Valley).
Three-legged turtle
Three-legged turtle (simplified Chinese: 三足龟; traditional Chinese: 三足龜; pinyin: Sānzúguī) and Three-legged softshell turtle (simplified Chinese: 三足鳖; traditional Chinese: 三足鱉; pinyin: Sānzúbiē) are mythical turtles from China.

According to the ancient dictionary Erya, the former (pertaining to hardshell turtles including tortoises) is properly called Fen (simplified Chinese: 贲; traditional Chinese: 賁; pinyin: Fén), and the latter, Nai (Chinese: 能; pinyin: Nái).

Three-legged crow
The three-legged (or tripedal) crow is a mythological creature in various mythologies and arts of East Asia. It is believed to inhabit and represent the Sun.

Evidence of the earliest bird-Sun motif or totemic articles were excavated around 5000 BCE in China. This bird-Sun totem heritage was observed in later Yangshao and Longshan cultures. Also, in Northeast Asia, artifacts of birds and phoenix observed to be a symbol of leadership was excavated from around 5500 BCE in Xinle culture and later Hongshan culture from Liao river basin.

The Chinese have several versions of crow and crow-Sun tales. But the most popular depiction and myth of the Sun crow is that of the Yangwu or Jinwu, the "golden crow". It has also been found figured on ancient coins from Lycia and Pamphylia.
Smart gun
A smart gun, also called a smart-gun, or smartgun, is a firearm that can detect its authorized user(s) or something that is normally only possessed by its authorized user(s). The term is also used in science fiction to refer to various types of semi-automatic  firearms.

Smart guns have one or more systems that allow them to fire only when activated by an authorized user. Those systems typically employ RFID chips or other proximity tokens, fingerprint recognition, magnetic rings, or mechanical locks. They can thereby prevent accidental shootings, gun thefts, and criminal usage by persons not authorized to use the guns.

Related to smart guns are other smart firearms safety devices such as biometric or RFID activated accessories and safes.

New Jersey Childproof Handgun Law
The New Jersey Childproof Handgun Law, also known as P.L.2002, c.130, was a now-repealed law that would restrict the sale of handguns in New Jersey to smart guns that "can only be fired by an authorized or recognized user" and would take effect three years after the technology is available for retail purposes. It has been a controversial issue for the National Rifle Association of America and many gun owners because of its restrictions and the unusual move that "legislates a product that does not exist".

On July 16, 2019 Gov. Murphy signed into law a bill which repealed substantially all of the original Childproof Handgun Law and replaced it with a requirement that after the state Attorney General approves a production model each firearms retailer in the state would be required to carry and display at least one smart gun on their shelves with "a sign... disclosing the features of personalized handguns that are not offered by traditional handguns".
Anti-Scl-70 antibodies
Anti-Scl-70 (also called anti-topoisomerase I after the type I topoisomerase target) is an anti-topoisomerase antibody-type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies, seen mainly in diffuse systemic scleroderma (with a sensitivity of 28–70%), but is also seen in 10–18% of cases of the more limited form of systemic scleroderma called CREST syndrome. Anti Scl-70 antibodies are associated with more severe scleroderma disease.

The etymology of scl-70 consists of an abbreviation of scleroderma and a 70 kD extractable immunoreactive fragment that can be obtained from the otherwise larger (100–105 kD) target topoisomerase antigen (called the SCL-70 Antigen) of the antibodies.

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies (ATA) are autoantibodies directed against topoisomerase and found in several diseases, most importantly scleroderma. Diseases with ATA are autoimmune disease because they react with self-proteins. They are also referred to as anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody (anti-topo I).
Diglipur
Diglipur (sometimes spelled Diglipore) is the largest town of North Andaman Island, in the Andaman Archipelago, India. It is located on the southern side of Aerial Bay, at 43 metres (141 feet) above sea level, 298 kilometres (185 miles) north of Port Blair.  It is crossed by the Kalpong River, the only river of the Andaman islands. Saddle Peak, the highest point in the archipelago, lies about 10 km to the south. Diglipur is also a county (tehsil) of the North and Middle Andaman District of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory. Its area is 884 km2, and its population was 42,877 people as of 2001.

North Andaman Island
North Andaman Island is the northern island of Great Andaman of the Andaman Islands. 
It belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
the island is lying 137 km (85 mi) north from Port Blair.
Cistothorus
Cistothorus is a genus of small passerine birds in the wren family. The name Cistothorus is from the Ancient Greek words κιστος (kistos), meaning "bush", and θουρος (thouros), meaning "leaping" or "running through".

Wren
Wrens are a family, Troglodytidae, of small brown passerine birds. The family includes 96 species and is divided into 19 genera. All species are restricted to the New World except for the Eurasian wren that is widely distributed in the Old World. In Anglophone regions, the Eurasian wren is commonly known simply as the "wren", as it is the originator of the name. The name wren has been applied to other, unrelated birds, particularly the New Zealand wrens (Acanthisittidae) and the Australian wrens (Maluridae).

Most wrens are visually inconspicuous though they have loud and often complex songs. Exceptions include the relatively large members of the genus Campylorhynchus, which can be quite bold in their behaviour. Wrens have short wings that are barred in most species, and they often hold their tails upright. Wrens are primarily insectivorous, eating insects, spiders and other small invertebrates, but many species also eat vegetable matter and some eat small frogs and lizards.