hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Heilman
Thomas Heilman (/ˈhaɪlmən/ HYLE-mən; born February 7, 2007) is an American competitive swimmer. He is a world junior record holder in the long course 4×100 meter freestyle relay. He is also a 2022 Junior Pan Pacific Championships gold medalist in the 100 meter butterfly, 4×100 meter freestyle relay, and 4×100 meter medley relay, and a silver medalist in the 100 meter freestyle, 200 meter butterfly, and 4×200 meter freestyle relay. He participated in the 100 meter and 200 meter butterfly events at the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Western Albemarle High School
Western Albemarle High School is a public high school located in Crozet, Virginia. Western Albemarle is often simply referred to as Western or WAHS (pronounced "woz") by students and locals. The school opened in September 1977.
Sauroconcha
Sauroconcha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Camaenidae. The genus was first described in 2008 by Weihong Zhang and Michael Shea. The type species is Sauroconcha caperteeana.

Camaenidae
Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.
Liam Kelly (Irish republican)
Liam Seán Kelly (29 September 1922 – 7 June 2011) was an Irish republican, who was elected both to the House of Commons of Northern Ireland (1953–1958) (as an abstentionist) and as a member of the upper house of the Irish legislature Seanad Éireann (1954–1957) (which he did attend). He was also a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and after his expulsion from that organisation in 1951, founded the Republican splinter group Saor Uladh and its political wing Fianna Uladh.

Pomeroy, County Tyrone
Pomeroy is a small village and civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is in the townland of Cavanakeeran, about 8.5 miles (14 km) from Cookstown, 9 miles (14 km) from Dungannon and 16 miles (26 km) from Omagh. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 788 people.

Pomeroy is atop a large hill that dominates the surrounding countryside. From the Cookstown end, the road through the village gradually climbs a gradient up to a village square, The Diamond. The village is surrounded by the Pomeroy Hills. The surrounding countryside is a mixture of moorland and bog land. Stone age and Bronze Age cairns dot the landscape. Pomeroy is the closest settlement to the geographical centre of Ulster.
Domus Aurea
The Domus Aurea (Latin, "Golden House") was a vast landscaped complex built by the Emperor Nero largely on the Oppian Hill in the heart of ancient Rome after the great fire in 64 AD had destroyed a large part of the city.

It replaced and extended his Domus Transitoria that he had built as his first palace complex on the site.

Great Fire of Rome
The Great Fire of Rome (Latin: incendium magnum Romae) began on the evening of 18-19 July 64 AD. The fire started in the merchant shops around Rome's chariot stadium, Circus Maximus. After six days, the fire was brought under control, but before the damage could be assessed, the fire reignited and burned for another three days. In the aftermath of the fire, nearly three quarters of Rome had been destroyed (10 out of 14 districts).

According to Tacitus and later Christian tradition, Emperor Nero blamed the devastation on the Christian community in the city, initiating the empire's first persecution against the Christians. Other contemporary historians blamed Nero's incompetence but it is commonly agreed by historians nowadays that Rome was too densely populated and inadequately prepared to effectively deal with large scale disasters, including fires, and that such an event was inevitable.
Assaf Rappaport
Assaf Rappaport (Hebrew: אסף רפפורט; born 28 August 1983) is an Israeli entrepreneur and cybersecurity executive. He is a co-founder and chief executive officer of Wiz, a cloud security company, and a co-founder of the cybersecurity startup Adallom. Rappaport previously was the head of Microsoft’s Israel Research and Development (R&D) Center. He gained significant recognition following the announcement in March 2025 that Alphabet Inc., Google’s parent company, intended to acquire Wiz for approximately US$32 billion, which, if completed, would mark the largest acquisition of an Israeli technology company to date.

Talpiot program
Talpiot program (Hebrew: תוכנית תלפיות) is an elite Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) training program for recruits who have demonstrated outstanding academic ability in the sciences and leadership potential. Graduates pursue double higher education while they serve in the army, and they use their expertise to further IDF research and development in technological leadership positions. The program was inaugurated in 1979.
Materialism
In philosophy and metaphysics, materialism is a form of monism holding that matter is the fundamental substance of nature, so that all things, including mind and consciousness, arise from material interactions and depend on physical processes, including those of the human brain and nervous system. It contrasts with monistic idealism, which treats consciousness as fundamental, and is related to naturalism, the view that only natural laws and forces operate in the universe, and to physicalism, the view that all that exists is ultimately physical. Physicalism extends materialism by including forms of physicality beyond ordinary matter (e.g. spacetime, energy, forces, exotic matter), and some use the terms interchangeably.

Alternative philosophies opposed or alternative to materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, dualism, solipsism, panpsychism, and other forms of monism.

Subjective idealism
Subjective idealism, or empirical idealism or immaterialism, is a form of ontological monism that holds that only minds and mental contents exist. It entails and is generally identified or associated with immaterialism, the doctrine that material things do not exist. Subjective idealism rejects dualism, neutral monism, and materialism; it is the contrary of eliminative materialism, the doctrine that all or some classes of mental phenomena (such as emotions, beliefs, or desires) do not exist, but are sheer illusions.
Kertapati railway station
Kertapati Station (KPT) is a railway station located in Kemas Rindo, Kertapati, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. It is operated by the Regional Division III Palembang of Kereta Api Indonesia, and has become the main station of the city. The station is close to the Musi River and Ogan River.

Lubuklinggau railway station
Lubuklinggau Station (LLG) is a class I railway station located in Lubuklinggau Barat II District, Lubuklinggau, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Located at an altitude of +130 meters, it is the northernmost and westernmost railway station in South Sumatra province. The station serves the city of Lubuklinggau and is the only railway station in the city.
Wrocław County
Wrocław County (Polish: powiat wrocławski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 1,116 square kilometres (431 sq mi). Its administrative seat is the city of Wrocław, although this city is not part of the county (it forms a separate city county). Wrocław County consists of areas to the east and south of Wrocław (city with county rights), and contains three towns: Sobótka, Kąty Wrocławskie and Siechnice.

As of 2019 the total population of the county is 148,663, out of which the population of Siechnice is 8,113, that of Kąty Wrocławskie is 6,994, that of Sobótka is 6,981, and the rural population is 126,575.

Kąty Wrocławskie
Kąty Wrocławskie (Polish: [ˈkɔntɨ vrɔˈt͡swafskʲɛ]; German: Kanth), often abbreviated to Kąty, is a town in Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Kąty Wrocławskie. The river Bystrzyca, a tributary of the Oder, flows through the town on the eastern side.

As of 2019, the town has a population of 6,994. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area.
Bimose Tribal Council
Bimose Tribal Council is a First Nations council, one of three such councils on the Grand Council of Treaty 3. Its members include:

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation

Eagle Lake First Nation

Iskatewizaagegan 39 Independent First Nation

Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation

Naotkamegwanning First Nation

Niisaachewan Anishinaabe Nation

Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation

Shoal Lake 40 First Nation

Wabaseemoong Independent Nations

Wabauskang First Nation, and

Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation

Obashkaandagaang Bay First Nation
O"Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang/Washagamis Bay First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation in northwestern Ontario, Canada.  Before the signing of Treaty 3 agreement there were three Anishinabe tribes living near and around the Kenora region.  The smallest was Washagamis Bay, formerly O'Bash'Kaan'Da'Gaang(38A), the second was Niisaachewaan (Dalles-38C) and the largest was Wauzhusk Onigum (Rat Portage-38B).  It has two reserves; Agency 30 and Rat Portage near Kenora. It is a member of the Bimose Tribal Council and the Grand Council of Treaty 3.

49°42′51.07″N 94°35′6.27″W﻿ / ﻿49.7141861°N 94.5850750°W﻿ / 49.7141861; -94.5850750
Abdul Aziz Juned
Abdul Aziz bin Juned (born 22 December 1941), also known by his pen name Adi Rumi, is a Bruneian aristocrat, poet and politician. Serving as the State Mufti of Brunei since 1994, his appointment marked a pivotal moment in the country's Islamic governance, aligning with a strengthened focus on state-led Islamisation. Throughout his career, Abdul Aziz has been a staunch advocate for the application of Syariah law as a deterrent to crime and has played a key role in supporting the Syariah Penal Code Order (SPCO) 2013, underscoring his influence in shaping Brunei's Islamic legal framework.

State Mufti of Brunei
The State Mufti (Malay: Mufti Kerajaan) holds the highest authority in Brunei's religious governance. Unlike in many other countries, this position possesses the exclusive power to issue fatwas, or Islamic legal rulings, which carry enforceable authority within the nation.
European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
The European enclaves in North Africa (technically 'semi-enclaves') were towns, fortifications and trading posts on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of western North Africa (sometimes called also "Maghreb"), obtained by various European powers in the period before they had the military capacity to occupy the interior (i.e. before the French conquest of Algeria in 1830). The earliest medieval enclaves were established in the 11th century CE by the Italian Kingdom of Sicily and Maritime republics; Spain and Portugal were the main European powers involved; both France and, briefly, England also had a presence. Most of these enclaves had been evacuated by the late 18th century, and today only the Spanish possessions of Ceuta, Melilla, and the Plazas de soberanía remain.

Mehdya, Morocco
Mehdya (Arabic: المهدية, romanized: al-Mahdiyā), also Mehdia or Mehedya, is a town in Kénitra Province, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, in north-western Morocco. Previously called al-Ma'mura, it was known as São João da Mamora under 16th century Portuguese occupation, or as La Mamora under 17th century Spanish occupation.

According to the 2004 census, the town has a population of 16,262. It is located on Sebou River (Oued Sebu).
Estazolam
Estazolam, sold under the brand name Prosom among others, is a tranquilizer medication of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Estazolam is an intermediate-acting oral benzodiazepine. It is used for short-term treatment of insomnia.

It was patented in 1968 and came into medical use in 1975.

Triazolobenzodiazepine
Triazolobenzodiazepines (TBZD) are a class of benzodiazepine (BZD) derivative pharmaceutical drugs.  Chemically, they differ from other benzodiazepines by having an additional triazole ring fused to the diazepine ring. The triazole and diazepine rings share a nitrogen atom.

Examples include:

Adinazolam

Alprazolam

Bromazolam

Clonazolam

Estazolam

Flualprazolam

Flubromazolam

Flunitrazolam

Nitrazolam

Pyrazolam

Triazolam

Zapizolam
Merrimack High School
Merrimack High School (MHS) is the public secondary school of the town of Merrimack, New Hampshire. It is located in a central area of town on 38 McElwain Street. About 1,200 students from grades 9 through 12 are enrolled in the school. It is a part of the Merrimack School District.

The school is headed by Stephen Claire, the current principal, who has two assistant principals, Richard Zampieri and Jill Hanlon. Former principal Kenneth W. Johnson adopted the motto "Believe, go forward, and inspire" for the school.

Merrimack School District
Merrimack School District is a school district headquartered in Merrimack, New Hampshire. It is not to be confused with the Merrimack Valley School District in Merrimack County, which serves Penacook, Boscawen, Loudon, Webster, and Salisbury.
Confluence (abstract rewriting)
In computer science and mathematics, confluence is a property of rewriting systems, describing which terms in such a system can be rewritten in more than one way, to yield the same result. This article describes the properties in the most abstract setting of an abstract rewriting system.

Abstract rewriting system
In mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, an abstract rewriting system (also (abstract) reduction system or abstract rewrite system; abbreviated ARS) is a formalism that captures the quintessential notion and properties of rewriting systems. In its simplest form, an ARS is simply a set (of "objects") together with a binary relation, traditionally denoted with ; this definition can be further refined if we index (label) subsets of the binary relation. Despite its simplicity, an ARS is sufficient to describe important properties of rewriting systems like normal forms, termination, and various notions of confluence.

Historically, there have been several formalizations of rewriting in an abstract setting, each with its idiosyncrasies. This is due in part to the fact that some notions are equivalent, see below in this article. The formalization that is most commonly encountered in monographs and textbooks, and which is generally followed here, is due to Gérard Huet (1980).
Lucien Petit-Breton
Lucien Georges Mazan (18 October 1882 – 20 December 1917), known by the pseudonym Lucien Petit-Breton (French pronunciation: [lysjɛ̃ p(ə)ti bʁətɔ̃]), was a French racing cyclist best known as the first two-time winner of the Tour de France.

He was born in Plessé, Loire-Atlantique, a part of Brittany, now part of Pays de la Loire. When he was six he moved with his parents to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he took the nationality. His cycling career started when he won a bike in a lottery at the age of sixteen. As his father wanted him to do a 'real' job, he adapted the nickname Lucien Breton for races, to deceive his father. Later he changed it to Petit-Breton, because there already was another cyclist called Lucien Breton.

1908 Tour de France
The 1908 Tour de France was the sixth running of the annual Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It was organised by the newspaper L'Auto, and took place between 13 July and 9 August. The Tour was split in 14 stages, with a total distance of 4,497 kilometres (2,794 mi).

The pre-race favourite was Lucien Petit-Breton, winner of the previous Tour. Petit-Breton dominated the race; he won the general classification and five of the fourteen stages, and thus became the first cyclist who won the Tour twice. For the first time, the final podium in Paris was not completely French: François Faber from Luxembourg ended as second in the general classification, after winning four stages.
Twin Trading
Twin Trading was an alternative trading company in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1985 and was based in London.

Twin Trading was wholly owned by Twin, a registered charity and membership organisation. It was co-founded by economist Michael Barratt Brown, who was also at one time its chairman. He stood down from the Board in August 2007.

Twin was founded as the Third World Information Network with the support of the Greater London Council. In 1988 it began to import coffee, sold through Oxfam and Traidcraft, leading to the 1988 founding of Cafédirect by Twin with Oxfam, Traidcraft and Equal Exchange Trading. In 1993, Twin helped chocolate farmers in Ghana to found the Kuapa Kokoo co-operative, and in 1998 Divine Chocolate was formed, largely owned by Kuapa Kokoo, to market Fairtrade chocolate. Twin also launched OKÉ and Liberation Nuts.

In November 2019 it was bought by Sustainable Harvest, a United States–based green coffee importer.

Traidcraft
Traidcraft was a UK-based Fairtrade organisation, established in 1979. Its trading arm, Traidcraft plc, which sold fairly traded products, went into administration in January 2023.

Transform Trade is a development charity which was renamed from Traidcraft Exchange in September 2022. It had become independent from the original Traidcraft organisation in 2018. Transform Trade continues to operate independently.

Traidcraft was a co-founder of the Fairtrade Foundation.
Arsuz Karaağaçspor
Arsuz Karaağaçspor is a Turkish sports club from İskenderun, in southern Turkey.

The clubs plays in orange and blue kits, and have done so since their formation in 2009.  The club is a phoenix club of İskenderunspor which folded in 2006.

In 2019–2020 season, Arsuz Karaağaçspor compete in the Hatay Amateur Leagues.

İskenderunspor
İskenderunspor is a defunct sports club based in İskenderun, Turkey. In 2009 a phoenix club called İskenderunspor 1967 was founded continuing its traditions. Another club İskenderun FK was renamed to İskenderunspor in 2021.
Nicetown–Tioga, Philadelphia
Nicetown–Tioga is a neighborhood in the North Philadelphia section of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It comprises two smaller, older neighborhoods, Nicetown and Tioga, although the distinction between the two is rarely emphasized today. The name "Nicetown" is often simply used to refer to any part of Nicetown–Tioga.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Messier 65
Messier 65 (also known as NGC 3623) is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo, within its highly equatorial southern half.  It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1780.  With M66 and NGC 3628, it forms the Leo Triplet, a small close group of galaxies.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
Suspended cymbal
A suspended cymbal is any single cymbal played with a stick or beater rather than struck against another cymbal. Common abbreviations used are "sus. cym.," or "sus. cymb." (with or without the period).

Most drum kits contain at least two suspended cymbals: a crash cymbal and a ride cymbal.

Ride cymbal
The ride cymbal is a cymbal of material sustain used to maintain a beat in music.  A standard in most drum kits, the ride's function is to maintain a steady pattern, sometimes called a ride pattern, rather than provide the accent of a crash cymbal. It is normally placed on the extreme right (or dominant hand) of a drum set, above the floor tom.  It is often described as delivering a "shimmering" sound when struck soundly with a drumstick, and a clear ping when struck atop its bell.

The ride can fulfill any function or rhythm the hi-hat cymbal does, with the exception of an open and closed sound.
Treaty of Pyritz
The Treaty of Pyritz settled claims of the House of Pomerania and the House of Hohenzollern regarding the legal status and succession in the Duchy of Pomerania on 26 and 28 March 1493. John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg of the Hohenzollern renounced the Electorate of Brandenburg's claims to hold the Pomeranian duchy as a fief on 26 March in Pyritz (now Pyrzyce). In turn, Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania acknowledged Brandenburgian succession in his duchy in case of the extinction of his dynasty on 28 March in Königsberg (now Kaliningrad). The treaty was the most important achievement of Bogislaw X's foreign policy. It was confirmed and amended when a final settlement between the two houses was reached in the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529.

Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict
Starting in the 12th century, the Margraviate, later Electorate, of Brandenburg was in conflict with the neighboring Duchy of Pomerania over frontier territories claimed by them both, and over the status of the Pomeranian duchy, which Brandenburg claimed as a fief, whereas Pomerania claimed Imperial immediacy. The conflict frequently turned into open war, and despite occasional success, none of the parties prevailed permanently until the House of Pomerania died out in 1637. Brandenburg would by then have naturally have prevailed, but this was hindered by the contemporary Swedish occupation of Pomerania, and the conflict continued between Sweden and Brandenburg–Prussia until 1815, when Prussia incorporated Swedish Pomerania into her Province of Pomerania.
Captain Alatriste
Captain Alatriste (Spanish: El capitán Alatriste, fully titled Las aventuras del capitán Alatriste) is a series of novels by Spanish author Arturo Pérez-Reverte. It deals with the adventures of the title character, a Spanish soldier and man of fortune living in the 17th century.

Francisco de Quevedo
Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas, Knight of the Order of Santiago (Spanish pronunciation: [fɾanˈθisko ðe keˈβeðo]; 14 September 1580 – 8 September 1645), was a Spanish nobleman, politician and writer of the Baroque era. Along with his lifelong rival Luis de Góngora, Quevedo was one of the most prominent Spanish poets of the age. His style is characterized by what was called conceptismo. This style existed in stark contrast to Góngora's culteranismo.