hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.

China University of Petroleum
The China University of Petroleum (East China) is a national public university located in Qingdao, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and is co-sponsored by the Ministry of Education, five major state energy corporations, and the Province of Shandong. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

The China University of Petroleum (Beijing) is a national public university located in Beijing, China. It is affiliated with and sponsored by the Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.

Since 2005, the two institutions became two separate legal entities with different constitutions and administrative boards.
Escadrille 3
Escadrille 3 Les Cigognes ('The Storks') was a famous French aviation unit during World War I. It was often referred to as the 'Stork Escadrille N3' due to its insignia. Pilots from Groupe de Combat 12 adopted the name and placed images of storks in different phases of flying on their planes.

Alfred Heurtaux
Alfred Marie-Joseph Heurtaux (20 May 1893 – 30 December 1985) was a French World War I fighter ace credited with 21 victories. Later in his life, he joined the French Resistance during World War II, and survived imprisonment in Buchenwald death camp to become a brigadier general in the post war Armée de l'Air.
Ageo-shuku
Ageo-shuku (上尾宿, Ageo-shuku) was the fifth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto during the Edo period. It was located in the present-day city of Ageo, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

69 Stations of the Nakasendō
The 69 Stations of the Nakasendō (中山道六十九次, Nakasendō Rokujūkyū-tsugi) are the rest areas along the Nakasendō, which ran from Nihonbashi in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Sanjō Ōhashi in Kyoto. The route stretched approximately 534 km (332 mi) and was an alternate trade route to the Tōkaidō.
Dendrogale
Dendrogale is a genus of treeshrew in the family Tupaiidae found in Southeast Asia and Borneo.  It contains these species:

Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew (D. melanura)

Northern smooth-tailed treeshrew (D. murina)

Dendrogale diverged from the rest of the Tupaiidae family at 34.77 mya, and is considered the most basal tupaiid genus.

Treeshrew
The treeshrews (also called tree shrews or banxrings) are small mammals native to the tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia. They make up the entire order Scandentia (from Latin scandere 'to climb'), which split into two families: the Tupaiidae (19 species, "ordinary" treeshrews), and the Ptilocercidae (one species, the pen-tailed treeshrew).

Though called 'treeshrews', and despite having previously been classified in Insectivora, they are not true shrews, and not all species live in trees. They are omnivores; among other things, treeshrews eat fruit. As fellow members of Euarchonta, treeshrews are closely related to primates, and have been used as an alternative to primates in experimental studies of myopia, psychosocial stress, and hepatitis.
Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain
Francis Griffith Newlands Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain located in Chevy Chase Circle, on the border between the Chevy Chase neighborhood of Northwest Washington, D.C., and Chevy Chase Village, Maryland. Named for Francis G. Newlands, the fountain was erected in 1938. Today, it is controlled and operated by the National Park Service as part of nearby Rock Creek Park.

Francis G. Newlands
Francis Griffith Newlands (August 28, 1846 – December 24, 1917) was an American politician and land developer who served as United States representative and senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party.

A supporter of westward expansion, he helped pass the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which created the Bureau of Reclamation and boosted the agricultural industry by building dams to support irrigation in the arid Western states. An avowed white supremacist, Newlands argued publicly for racial restrictions on immigration and repealing the 15th Amendment.

As land developer, Newlands founded the neighborhoods of Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C.; and Chevy Chase, Maryland, and took steps to prevent non-white people from moving there. To enable the development of these streetcar suburbs, he founded the Rock Creek Railway, which became one of the two major streetcar companies serving the Washington, D.C., area in the early decades of the 20th century.
Hemorphin-4
Hemorphin-4 is an endogenous opioid peptide of the hemorphin family which possesses antinociceptive properties and is derived from the β-chain of hemoglobin in the bloodstream. It contains a tetrapeptide core with the amino acid sequence Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr. Hemorphin-4 serves as a opioid receptor ligand that has affinities for the μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the same range as the structurally related β-casomorphins, although affinity to the κ-opioid receptor is markedly higher in comparison. It acts as an agonist at these sites. It presents high affinity for other receptors such as angiotensin IV, bombesin subtype 3 (hBRS-3), and the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Even though it exhibits lower binding affinity for opioid receptors relative to traditional opioid peptides such as endorphins and enkephalins; it may still influence opioid receptor systems due to its high tissue concentration.

Hemorphin
Hemorphins are a class of naturally occurring, endogenous opioid peptides which are found in the bloodstream, and are derived from the β-chain of hemoglobin. They have antinociceptive effects via activation of the opioid receptors, and some may also play a role in blood pressure through inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), as well as cause an elevation of endogenous enkephalin levels. Some examples of hemorphins include hemorphin-4, spinorphin, and valorphin.
Bilsdale transmitting station
The Bilsdale transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility, located at Bilsdale West Moor above Bilsdale, close to Helmsley, North Yorkshire, England. The original facility included a guyed steel tubular mast that was primarily used for radio and television transmission. The height of the mast was 314 metres (1,030 ft) to the pinnacle. Until a fire disabled the transmitter on 10 August 2021 it was among the most powerful transmitters in the UK. The power for analogue was 500 kW ERP and it was 100 kW / 50 kW for digital. The mast was equipped with aircraft warning lights, in the form of arrays of red LEDs. 
The station was owned and operated by Arqiva.   After the main mast was disabled a temporary 80 metres (260 ft) mast was installed at the site. The temporary mast commenced operations on 13 October 2021.

Pontop Pike transmitting station
The Pontop Pike transmitting station is a facility for telecommunications and broadcasting situated on a 312-metre (1,024-ft) high hill of the same name between Stanley and Consett, County Durham, near the village of Dipton, England. The mast is 149 metres (489 ft) high, giving an average antenna height of 461 metres (1,512 ft) above sea level. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.
Black Forest ham
Black Forest ham (German: Schwarzwälder Schinken) is a variety of dry-cured smoked ham produced in the Black Forest, part of the Baden-Württemberg region of Germany.

In 1959, Peter Adler from Bonndorf im Schwarzwald pioneered manufacturing and selling Original Black Forest ham by retail and mail order. Since 1997, the term Black Forest ham has been a Protected Geographical Indication in the European Union, which means that any product sold in the EU as Black Forest ham must be traditionally and at least partially manufactured (prepared, processed or produced) within the Black Forest region in Germany. However, this designation is not recognized outside the EU, particularly in Canada and the United States, where commercially produced hams of various types and quality are marketed and sold as Black Forest ham.

Ham
Ham is pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing, with or without smoking. As a processed meat, the term ham includes both whole cuts of meat and ones that have been mechanically formed.

Ham is made around the world, including a number of regional specialties. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection.
Walking Back Home
Walking Back Home is an album by Scottish pop rock band Deacon Blue released in 1999. It was their first album since reforming that year after disbanding in 1994. A part studio/part compilation album, it contains nine of their earlier songs coupled with eight brand-new or previously unreleased songs.

James Prime
James Prime (3 November 1960 – 19 June 2025) was a Scottish musician, keyboardist and lecturer, who was best known as the keyboard player for rock band Deacon Blue which he joined in 1985, remaining a member until his death. He featured on all eleven of their studio albums, the most recent, The Great Western Road (2025), released three months prior to his death. The album achieved commercial success in both Scotland and the United Kingdom. Alongside his music career, he also lectured at the University of the West of Scotland.
Arctic Council
The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, and these constitute the member states of the council: Canada; Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Russia; Sweden; and the United States. Other countries or national groups can be admitted as observer states, while organizations representing the concerns of indigenous peoples can be admitted as indigenous permanent participants.

Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy
The Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy (AEPS) (sometimes referred to as the Finnish Initiative or Rovaniemi Process) is a multilateral, non-binding  agreement among Arctic states on environmental protection in the Arctic.  Discussions began in 1989, with the AEPS adopted in June 1991 by Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The AEPS deals with monitoring, assessment, protection, emergency preparedness/response, and conservation of the Arctic zone. It has been called a major political accomplishment of the post–Cold War era.
2023–24 AFC Cup
The 2023–24 AFC Cup was the 20th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the final edition under the AFC Cup title, as the competition was revamped under the name AFC Champions League Two starting in 2024–25. This was the first AFC Cup season to have a two-year (autumn-to-spring) schedule, unlike the previous all-year-round (spring-to-autumn) schedule.

As the title holders, Al-Seeb qualified for the 2023–24 AFC Champions League playoff stage. So they were unable to defend their title.

Central Coast Mariners won the competition for the first time, defeating Al Ahed 1–0 in the final. Central Coast Mariners' victory meant that Australia became the first nation to have had clubs winning both the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup, following Western Sydney Wanderers' victory in the 2014 AFC Champions League.

2024 AFC Cup final
The 2024 AFC Cup final was the final match of the 2023–24 AFC Cup, the 19th edition of the AFC Cup, Asia's secondary club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the final edition under the AFC Cup title, as the competition was revamped under the name AFC Champions League Two starting in 2024–25. The final was contested as a single match between Al-Ahed from Lebanon and Central Coast Mariners from Australia. The match was played at the Sultan Qaboos Sports Complex in Muscat on 5 May 2024.

Central Coast Mariners won the final 1–0 to crown their maiden title and become the first Australian club to win the competition. By also winning the competition, Australia became the first and only nation in the AFC to have had clubs winning both the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup, after Western Sydney Wanderers' win of the 2014 AFC Champions League. It was also the third, and final time, that a club from outside West Asia had won the competition.
Dragiša Lapčević
Dragutin "Dragiša" Lapčević (Serbian Cyrillic: Драгутин "Драгиша" Лапчевић; 27 October 1867 – 14 August 1939) was a Serbian politician, journalist, and historian. He was one of the founders, alongside Dimitrije Tucović, of the Serbian Social Democratic Party (existed 1903–1918), that supported a Balkan Federation during the Kingdom of Serbia.

Serbian Social Democratic Party (Kingdom of Serbia)
The Serbian Social Democratic Party (Serbian: Српска социјалдемократска партија, romanized: Srpska socijaldemokratska partija; abbr. ССДП or SSDP), also known simply as the Serbian Socialist Party was a left-wing political party in Kingdom of Serbia that was formed in 1903. Prominent leaders included Dimitrije Tucović, Dragiša Lapčević, and Dušan A. Popović.

It ceased to exist after World War I with the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, when in 1919 the social democrats joined the new Socialist Workers' Party of Yugoslavia (of Communists) (Socijalistička radnička partija Jugoslavije (komunista)), the predecessor of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
Setzu
Setzu is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Sanluri.

Setzu borders the following municipalities: Genoni, Genuri, Gesturi, Tuili, Turri.

Turri, Sardinia
Turri is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Medio Campidano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Sanluri. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 500 and an area of 9.6 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Turri borders the following municipalities: Baradili, Baressa, Genuri, Pauli Arbarei, Setzu, Tuili, Ussaramanna.
Mamia IV Dadiani
Mamia IV Dadiani (Georgian: მამია IV დადიანი; died 1590) was Prince of Mingrelia, of the House of Dadiani, from 1573 to 1578 and again from 1582 until his death. He was a younger son of Levan I Dadiani.

Mamia Dadiani's career unfolded against the background of an increasingly destructive civil unrest in the successor states of the Kingdom of Georgia in which the rulers of Mingrelia, in the former kingdom's west, played a critical role. His first accession to power was the result of a coup against his own brother, George III Dadiani, with whom he eventually reconciled in exchange of new estates. His second term, after succeeding on the death of George III Dadiani, was consumed by wars with his in-laws, the prince of Guria and king of Imereti. The latter, Levan of Imereti, fell in Mamia's hands and died in captivity. Dadiani himself died without seeing his protégé firmly established on the throne of Imereti. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Manuchar I Dadiani.

House of Dadiani
The House of Dadiani (Georgian: დადიანი [dadiani]), later known as the House of Dadiani-Chikovani, was a Georgian family of nobles, dukes and princes, and a ruling dynasty of the western Georgian province of Mingrelia.
Ruset Peak
Ruset Peak (Bulgarian: връх Русет, romanized: vrah Ruset, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈrusɛt]) is the peak rising to 1453 m in the southeast part of Petvar Heights, southeast Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, and overlooking Carey Glacier to the west, Divdyadovo Glacier to the north, and Rutford Ice Stream to the east.

The peak is named after the Bulgarian cartographer Aleksandar Ruset (1810–1861).

Divdyadovo Glacier
Divdyadovo Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Дивдядово, romanized: lednik Divdyadovo, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ divˈdʲadovo]) is the 4.3 nautical miles (8.0 km; 4.9 mi) long and 1.6 nautical miles (3.0 km; 1.8 mi) wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the southeast side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica situated northeast of Carey Glacier and southeast of Drama Glacier.  It is flowing northeastwards, then north of Ruset Peak turning east-southeastwards to leave the range southeast of Long Peak.

The feature is named after the settlement of Divdyadovo in northeastern Bulgaria.
Darcy's law
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium and through a Hele-Shaw cell. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences. It is analogous to Ohm's law in electrostatics, linearly relating the volume flow rate of the fluid to the hydraulic head difference (which is often just proportional to the pressure difference) via the hydraulic conductivity. In fact, the Darcy's law is a special case of the Stokes equation for the momentum flux, in turn deriving from the momentum Navier–Stokes equation.

Morris Muskat
Morris Muskat (21 April 1906 – 20 June 1998)  was an American petroleum engineer. Muskat refined Darcy's equation for single phase flow, and this change made it suitable for the petroleum industry. Based on experimental results worked out by his colleagues, Muskat and Milan W. Meres also generalized Darcy's law to cover multiphase flow of water, oil and gas in the porous medium of a petroleum reservoir. The generalized flow equation provides the analytical foundation for reservoir engineering that exists to this day.
Volusia County, Florida
Volusia County (/vəˈluːʃə/ ⓘ, və-LOO-shə) is a county located in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 census, the county was home to 553,543 people, an increase of 11.9% from the 2010 census. It was founded on December 29, 1854, from a portion of Orange County, and was named for the community of Volusia, located in northwestern Volusia County. The original county seat was Enterprise. Since 1887, the county seat has been DeLand. Volusia County is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan statistical area, as well as part of the larger Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach Combined statistical area.

Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan area
The Daytona Beach metropolitan area (officially, for U.S. census purposes, the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area) is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in central and the north portions of Florida consisting of Volusia and Flagler counties in the state of Florida. As of 2023, it is the 83rd-largest MSA in the United States, with a census-estimated population of 721,796.
Åraksbø
Åraksbø is a village in Bygland municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is located on the eastern shore of the Åraksfjorden, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Sandnes and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southeast of the village of Ose.  The population (2001) of the Åraksbø area was 89.

The lake Hovatn and its hydroelectric power plant are located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northeast, just north of the village of Litveit.  Sandnes Church has been located in this village since 1935, prior to that time, it was located in the village of Sandnes, a few kilometers to the south.

Åraksfjorden
Åraksfjorden is a lake in the municipality of Bygland in Agder county, Norway.  The 11.96-square-kilometre (4.62 sq mi) lake is part of the Otra drainage basin.  The northern part of the lake is fed directly by the river Otra.  The southern part of the lake goes through a narrow channel which leads into the Byglandsfjorden.  The villages of Frøysnes and Skåmedal are located along the western side of the lake and on the eastern side are the villages of Sandnes and Åraksbø.  The Norwegian National Road 9 runs along the eastern side of the lake.

The name of the 32-kilometre (20 mi) long lake was given because it is located near the village of Åraksbø.  The central part of the lake is also called the Sandnesfjord and the southern part is also called the Blåfjord.
Lethbridge Hurricanes
The Lethbridge Hurricanes are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in Lethbridge, Alberta. The Hurricanes play in the Central Division of the Western Hockey League's Eastern Conference, and play their home games at the VisitLethbridge.com Arena. The team replaced Lethbridge's first major junior team, the Broncos, who played in the city from 1974 to 1986. When that team relocated to Swift Current, Saskatchewan, the city acquired the Calgary Wranglers franchise and the Hurricanes began play in 1987.

Seattle Thunderbirds
The Seattle Thunderbirds are a major junior ice hockey team based in the city of Kent, Washington. They are part of the U.S. Division of the Western Conference in the Western Hockey League. Founded in 1971 as the Vancouver Nats, the team arrived in Seattle in 1977 and played as the Breakers until 1985, when they adopted the Thunderbirds name. The team played in Seattle for three decades before moving to the accesso ShoWare Center in nearby Kent in 2008. The Thunderbirds are two-time WHL champions, with their most recent title coming in 2023.
Nadia Schadlow
Nadia Catherine Schadlow (born c. 1965) is an American academic and defense-related government officer who briefly served in 2018 as Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategy in the first Trump Administration. She is the primary author of the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS).

Hudson Institute
Hudson Institute is an American right-wing neoconservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1961 in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist Herman Kahn and his colleagues Max Singer and Oscar M. Ruebhausen at the RAND Corporation.

Kahn was a physicist and military consultant known for envisioning nuclear war scenarios. The institute's research branched out from the military into various areas including economics, health, education, and gambling. Kahn died in 1983, and the institute moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1984. The institute helped design Wisconsin's influential workfare program in the mid-1990s. Hudson relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2004. It has been noted for work with governments and industries, including defense and agribusiness.
Malate Church
Our Lady of Remedies Parish, commonly known as Malate Church, is a Roman Catholic parish church in the district of Malate in the city of Manila, Philippines. It is under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Manila. This Mexican Baroque-style church is overlooking Plaza Rajah Sulayman and, ultimately, Manila Bay. The church is dedicated to Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, the patroness of childbirth. A revered statue of the Virgin Mary under this title was brought from Spain in 1624, and is currently enshrined at the high altar.

Malate used to be known as Maalat due to the saline waters of the Bay fronting it; and as Laguio or Lagunoi,  after the street which separated it from Ermita.

Plaza Rajah Sulayman
Plaza Rajah Sulayman, also known as Rajah Sulayman Park, is a public square in Malate, Manila. It is bounded by Roxas Boulevard to the west, San Andres Street to the south, and Remedios Street to the north. The plaza is considered the center of Malate as it fronts the Malate Church, the main church of the district.

The square is named after Rajah Sulayman, the late 16th-century sovereign of the Kingdom of Maynila. A statue of Rajah Sulayman sculpted by Eduardo Castrillo in 1976 is also located at the plaza.