hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
State Bank of the USSR
The State Bank of the USSR (Russian: Государственный банк СССР, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy bank SSSR), known as the State Bank of the RSFSR from 1921 to 1923, and commonly referred to as Gosbank (Russian: Госбанк), was the central bank and main component of the single-tier banking system of the Soviet Union. It replaced the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it became the Central Bank of Russia in 1992 (with Gosbank ceasing to exist).

Gosbank was one of the three main Soviet economic authorities, the other two being Gosplan (the State Planning Committee) and Gossnab (the State Committee for Material Technical Supply). It closely collaborated with the Soviet Ministry of Finance to prepare the national state budget.

Gosplan
The State Planning Committee, commonly known as Gosplan (Russian: Госплан [ɡosˈpɫan]), was the agency responsible for central economic planning in the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 and remaining in existence until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Gosplan had as its main task the creation and administration of a series of five-year plans governing the economy of the USSR.
Mingrui
Mingrui (Manchu: ᠮᡳᠩᡧᡠᡳ, romanized: Mingšui; Chinese: 明瑞; pinyin: Míngruì; Burmese: မင်းယွီ, Burmese pronunciation: [mɪ́ɰ̃ jwì]; 1730 – March 1768), courtesy name Yunting (筠亭), was a Qing dynasty general. He was a nephew of Empress Xiaoxianchun and served as the commander of Qing troops in campaigns in Xinjiang and Burma.

General of Ili
The General of Ili (Chinese: 伊犁將軍; pinyin: Yīlí Jiāngjūn Officially 總統伊犁等處將軍), also known as the Viceroy of Ili, and in western sources as the Kulja Military Governor, was a position created during the reign of the Qing Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735-1799) to "pacify" Dzungaria (now part of Xinjiang) and suppress uprisings by the Khoja "Rebels". The General of Ili governed the entirety of Xinjiang during Qing rule until it was turned into a province.
Treasure (band)
Treasure (Korean: 트레저; Japanese: トレジャー; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean boy band formed in 2019 by YG Entertainment through YG Treasure Box (2018–2019); and consists of 10 members: Choi Hyun-suk, Jihoon, Yoshi, Junkyu, Yoon Jae-hyuk, Asahi, Doyoung, Haruto, Park Jeong-woo, and So Jung-hwan. Treasure debuted with the single album The First Step: Chapter One (2020)—the first in a tetralogy of albums which collectively sold over one million copies in five months.

K-pop Star 2
The second season of the South Korean reality television competition show K-pop Star premiered on SBS on November 18, 2012, airing Sunday evenings at 4:55 pm KST as part of the Good Sunday lineup. Yoon Do-hyun returned as host and narrator, and Boom returned as live host. Yang Hyun-suk, Park Jin-young, and BoA returned as judges. The season ended on April 6, 2013, with Akdong Musician crowned as winner and chose to sign with YG Entertainment.

Contestants from the Top 10 of Season 2 returned for a special Dream Stage - Best of the Best episode on April 14, 2013, competing with contestants of Season 1 for the title of Overall Champion.
Giuseppe Calderone
Giuseppe “Pippo” Calderone (Catania, 1 November 1925 – Catania, 8 September 1978) was an influential Sicilian mafioso from Catania, eventually becoming the capo of the Catania Mafia family.

He became the ‘secretary’ of the Interprovincial Commission, formed around 1975 at his instigation. Its purpose was to coordinate the provincial Mafia commissions and avoid conflicts over public contracts that crossed provincial borders. Calderone was killed in 1978, on the orders of Totò Riina.

Sicilian Mafia Commission
The Sicilian Mafia Commission (Italian: Commissione provinciale), known as Commissione or Cupola, is a body of leading Sicilian Mafia members who decide on important questions concerning the actions of, and settling disputes within the Sicilian Mafia or Cosa Nostra. It is composed of representatives of a mandamento (a district of three geographically contiguous Mafia families) who are called capo mandamento or rappresentante. The Commission is not a central government of the Mafia, but a representative mechanism for consultation of independent Mafia families who decide by consensus. Its primary role is to keep the use of violence among families within limits tolerable to the public and political authorities.
Ur-Hamlet
The Ur-Hamlet (the German prefix Ur- means "original") is a play by an unknown author, thought to be either Thomas Kyd or William Shakespeare. No copy of the play, dated by scholars to the second half of 1587, survives today. The play was staged in London, more specifically at The Theatre in Shoreditch as recalled by Elizabethan author Thomas Lodge. It includes a character named Hamlet; the only other known character from the play is a ghost who, according to Thomas Lodge in his 1596 publication Wits Misery and the Worlds Madnesse, cries "Hamlet, revenge!"

Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (July 11, 1930 – October 14, 2019) was an American literary critic and the Sterling Professor of humanities at Yale University. In 2017, Bloom was called "probably the most famous literary critic in the English-speaking world". After publishing his first book in 1959, Bloom wrote more than 50 books, including over 40 books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and one novel. He edited hundreds of anthologies concerning numerous literary and philosophical figures for the Chelsea House publishing firm. Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1995.

Bloom was a defender of the traditional Western canon at a time when literature departments were focusing on what he derided as the "School of Resentment" (which included multiculturalism, feminism, and Marxism). He was educated at Yale, the University of Cambridge, and Cornell University.
Beer glassware
Beer glassware comprise vessels, today usually made of glass, designed or commonly used for serving and drinking beer. Styles of beer glasses vary in accord with national or regional traditions; legal or customary requirements regarding serving measures and fill lines; such practicalities as breakage avoidance in washing, stacking or storage; commercial promotion by breweries; artistic or cultural expression in folk art or as novelty items or usage in drinking games; or to complement, to enhance, or to otherwise affect a particular type of beer's temperature, appearance and aroma, as in the case of its head.
Drinking vessels intended for beer are made from a variety of materials other than glass, including pottery, pewter, and wood.

In many countries, beer glasses are served placed on a paperboard beer mat, usually printed with brand advertising, in commercial settings.

Beer in Belgium
Beer in Belgium includes abbey beers, lambics, pilsners, Flemish red ales, sour brown ales, strong ales, Wheat beers and others. As of 2024, there were 411 breweries in Belgium, ranging from international companies, such as AB InBev to traditional breweries, like Trappist monasteries to microbreweries. Correspondingly, the number of Belgian breweries continues to grow, with over 1,600 unique Belgian beers available. On average, Belgians drink 68 litres of beer each year, down from around 200 each year in 1900. In 2024, this amounts to a total consumption of approximately 6.4 million hectoliters, representing around 30% of Belgium’s total beer production. Most beers are bought or served in reusable bottles, rather than cans, and virtually every beer has its own branded, sometimes uniquely shaped, glass. In 2016, UNESCO inscribed Belgian beer culture on their list of the intangible cultural heritage of humanity.
Bivongi
Bivongi (Calabrian: Bivungi or Bigungi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Reggio Calabria in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Reggio Calabria in the Stilaro Valley, at the feet of the Monte Consolino.

Attractions include the Cascata del Marmarico, a 114-metre (374 ft) high waterfall, and the Monastery of San Giovanni Theristis.

San Giovanni Theristis
The Monastery of San Giovanni Theristis (Greek: Ιερά Μονή Αγίου Ιωάννη του Θεριστή), is an Orthodox Christian monastery in Bivongi, Calabria (province of Reggio), southern Italy. It is part of the Romanian Orthodox Diocese for Italy.
Opportunistic reasoning
Opportunistic reasoning is a method of selecting a suitable logical inference strategy within artificial intelligence applications.

Specific reasoning methods may be used to draw conclusions from a set of given facts in a knowledge base, e.g. forward chaining versus backward chaining. However, in opportunistic reasoning, pieces of knowledge may be applied either forward or backward, at the "most opportune time".

An opportunistic reasoning system may combine elements of both forward and backward reasoning. It is useful when the number of possible inferences is very large and the reasoning system must be responsive to new data that may become known.

Opportunistic reasoning has been used in applications such as blackboard systems and medical applications.

Backward chaining
Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method described colloquially as working backward from the goal. It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants, and other artificial intelligence applications.

In game theory, researchers apply it to (simpler) subgames to find a solution to the game, in a process called backward induction. In chess, it is called retrograde analysis, and it is used to generate table bases for chess endgames for computer chess.

Backward chaining is implemented in logic programming by SLD resolution. Both rules are based on the modus ponens inference rule. It is one of the two most commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining. Backward chaining systems usually employ a depth-first search strategy, e.g. Prolog.
Beaverkill Valley Inn
The Beaverkill Valley Inn, formerly known as The Bonnie View, is located off Beaverkill Road (Ulster County Route 54) north of Lew Beach, New York, United States. It is a large wooden hotel built near the end of the 19th century.

It was built as a lodge for anglers coming to fly fish for trout in the nearby Beaver Kill. It is one of the few fishing lodges remaining from that era of resort development remaining in the Catskills, and the only one along the upper Beaver Kill. In 1985 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the westernmost property in the county with that distinction.

Lew Beach, New York
Lew Beach is a hamlet in the town of Rockland, New York, United States. It is at the northernmost corner of the town and thus also of Sullivan County, near the tripoint with Delaware and Ulster counties, within the Catskill Park. Its ZIP code, 12758, extends into the neighboring sections of the latter county's town of Hardenburgh, and some of those areas are considered part of Lew Beach as well.

Its small downtown is located at the confluence of Shin Creek and the Beaver Kill, which brings many fly fishermen to Lew Beach during New York's trout season. It has a few houses, a church, store, firehouse, and park with baseball field.
Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series
Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series is an episodic graphic adventure video game series developed and published by Telltale Games. Based on Marvel Comics' Guardians of the Galaxy comic book series, the game's first episode was released on April 18, 2017.

The plot centers on the Guardians' finding an artifact of great power called the "Eternity Forge" which each individually covets but must protect from the malicious Kree Hala the Accuser, who wants it for herself.

Rocket Raccoon
Rocket Raccoon is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Keith Giffen, the character first appeared in Marvel Preview #7 (July 1976). He is an intelligent anthropomorphic raccoon who is an expert marksman, weapon specialist, and master tactician. His name and aspects of his character were inspired by the Beatles' 1968 song "Rocky Raccoon". Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy.

The character has appeared in several media adaptations as a member of that team, including animated television series, toys, and video games. Bradley Cooper voices Rocket in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Thor: Love and Thunder, The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (both 2022), and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023).
Pistol Nebula
The Pistol Nebula is located in the constellation Sagittarius. It surrounds one of the most luminous stars known, the Pistol Star. Both are located 25,000 light years away from Earth in the Quintuplet Cluster, near the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The nebula contains approximately 9.3 solar masses worth of ionized gas that was ejected by the star several thousand years ago.

The nebula was first observed in radio light by the Very Large Array in the early 1980s. It was named for its shape as seen in low resolution images that were available at the time.

The Pistol Star, a luminous blue variable is 1.6 million times brighter than the Sun making it one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way.

Quintuplet Cluster
The Quintuplet Cluster is a dense cluster of massive young stars about 100 light years from the Galactic Center (GC). Its name comes from the fact it has five prominent infrared sources residing in it. Along with the Arches Cluster it is one of two in the immediate GC region. Due to heavy extinction by dust in the vicinity, it is invisible to optical observation and must be studied in the X-ray, radio, and infrared bands.

The Quintuplet is less compact than the nearby Arches Cluster, with fewer of the most massive and luminous stars, but it does have the distinction of hosting two of the extremely rare luminous blue variables, the Pistol Star and the less well-known qF 362 (aka V4650 Sgr), and a third, V4998 Sagittarii, just a few parsecs away.  It also contains a number of red supergiants, all suggesting a slightly more evolved cluster around 4 million years old.
Kappa Leporis
Kappa Leporis, Latinized from κ Leporis, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Lepus. The pair have apparent visual magnitudes of 4.43 and 7.00, with the former being bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. As of 2000, they had an angular separation of 2.179 arc seconds along a position angle of 357.3°. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 4.48 mas as measured from Earth, the system is located roughly 730 light years from the Sun. The system is travelling away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +20.8 km/s.

The brighter, blue-white hued member of the system, component A, is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9 V. It has nearly five times the mass of the Sun and around 2.6 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 1,346 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,588 K. It displays an infrared excess at a wavelength of 12μm, making it a candidate host for a circumstellar debris disk.

Lepus (constellation)
Lepus is a constellation lying just south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare. It is located below—immediately south—of Orion (the hunter), and is sometimes represented as a hare being chased by Orion or by Orion's hunting dogs.

Although the hare does not represent any particular figure in Greek mythology, Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.
E.K. Schuetz House
The E.K. Schuetz House is a historic house located in Wausau, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

The house was designed in simple Colonial Revival style by Eschweiler and built in 1922 for E.K. Schuetz. Schuetz was a founder of the Wausau Motor Parts Company and son-in-law of C.F. Dunbar, whose house lies behind this one. The house is within the East Hill Residential Historic District.

East Hill Residential Historic District
The East Hill Residential Historic District is a large old neighborhood on the east side of Wausau, Wisconsin where many prominent citizens lived, with about 165 contributing properties built from 1883 to 1945. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Royal Commission on the Criminal Law
The Royal Commission on the Criminal Law (also known as the Criminal Law Commission of 1833 or the Statute Law Commission of 1833) was a royal commission that ran from 1833 to 1845 to consolidate existing statutes and enactments of English criminal law, including an English Criminal Code.

The Commission issued eight reports and was replaced by the Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law in 1845.  There was also a later Royal Commission on the Law Relating to Indictable Offences (1871–1879).

John Austin (legal philosopher)
John Austin (3 March 1790 – 1 December 1859) was an English legal theorist who posthumously influenced British and American law with an analytical approach to jurisprudence and a theory of legal positivism. Austin opposed traditional approaches of "natural law", arguing against any need for connections between law and morality. Human legal systems, he claimed, can and should be studied in an empirical, value-free way.
Astrobrite
Astrobrite (styled in lowercase letters) is an American shoegaze project by Scott Cortez (lovesliescrushing)  which has included members of Mahogany (Andrew Prinz), Majesty Crush (Odell Nails), Paik, Darkred (Rob Smith), Xebec (Doug Walker), Coaltar of the Deepers (Narasaki), Airiel (Andrew Marrah), Fauvely (Sophie Brochu), Melissa Arpin-Duimstra, Jason Baron and many others. The current line up, since 2020, is (Kelly Coffey) and (Ryan Davis).

Majesty Crush
Majesty Crush was an American indie rock band influenced by the shoegaze genre popularized in the UK in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hailing from Detroit, Michigan, they formed in 1990 and broke up in 1995. The band's lineup consisted of lead singer David Stroughter (1966-2017), bassist Hobey Echlin, guitarist Michael Segal, and drummer Odell Nails III.
Košice Region
The Košice Region (Slovak: Košický kraj, IPA: [ˈkɔʂitskiː ˈkraj]; Hungarian: Kassai kerület; Ukrainian: Кошицький край, romanized: Košyćkyj kraj) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. The region was first established in 1923 and its present borders were established in 1996. It consists of 11 districts (okresy) and 440 municipalities, 17 of which have a town status. About one third of the region's population lives in the agglomeration of Košice, which is its main economic and cultural centre.

Regions of Slovakia
Since 1949 (except 1990–1996), Slovakia has been divided into a number of kraje (singular kraj; usually translated as "Regions" with capital R). Their number, borders and functions have been changed several times. There are eight regions of Slovakia and they correspond to the EU's NUTS 3 level of local administrative units. Each kraj consists of okresy (counties or districts), which are further divided into obce (municipalities). There are 79 districts.
Small mouse-tailed bat
The small mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma muscatellum) is a species of bat in the Rhinopomatidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, Iran, Oman, and possibly Ethiopia, ranging from the Sistan Basin in Iran well into the Helmand River basin of south-western Afghanistan.

Small mouse tailed bats have a wingspan of 17–25 cm (6.7–9.8 in), a body length of 6–8 cm (2.4–3.1 in) and a tail the same length as its body. Their diet consists of flying insects which they eat whilst flying.

This species was demonstrated as distinct from R. hardwickei based on mutually exclusive morphological features; the small mouse-tailed bat has a nearly unridged skull with small teeth and large cavities filled with fluid.

Distance to roads-railways, annual mean temperature, elevation, and distance to the ridge were significant for the small mouse-tailed bat.

Mouse-tailed bat
Mouse-tailed bats are a group of insectivorous microbats of the family Rhinopomatidae with only three to six species, all contained in the single genus Rhinopoma. They are found in the Old World, from North Africa to Thailand and Sumatra, in arid and semiarid regions, roosting in caves, houses and even the Egyptian pyramids. They are relatively small, with a body length of just 5 to 6 cm. They weigh between 6 and 14 g.
CzechBoys
CzechBoys is an adult film studio, adult website and adult content provider in the gay pornography niche. CzechBoys was founded in 1999 by Pavel Rada and is based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company's primary website, CzechBoys.com, is presented in the format of a gay erotic online magazine of which a new issue is published daily.

In 2003 CzechBoys became a content provider for the online gay adult industry with the launch of CzechBoysContent.com. In 2006, the company expanded from leased content to the sale of exclusive content and partnered with Pistol Media, a division of Raging Stallion Studios to offer a gay erotic video plug in for adult websites.

Raging Stallion Studios
Raging Stallion Studios is an independent major adult film studio based in San Francisco. It is one of the world's largest producers of gay pornography. It was founded by Chris Ward and J. D. Slater; Michael Brandon later became a co-owner.

In 2005, Raging Stallion released 22 films. In 2009, Raging Stallion merged with AEBN/NakedSword.com. AEBN then purchased Falcon Studios in 2010.

RSS has taken inspiration from pop culture for some of its movies.

In 2018, it started producing bareback movies.
William Sachtleben
William Lewis Sachtleben (March 29, 1866 – December 13, 1953) was a 19th-century American journalist and lecturer who was one of the early globe-circling bicyclists, at one time holding a world record for long-distance bicycling.

He was a graduate of Washington University in St. Louis. His attempt in 1895 to rescue, recover, and achieve justice for fellow cyclist Frank Lenz, who had disappeared in Turkey (then in the Ottoman Empire) at the time of the Hamidian Massacres, was seen as akin to the earlier search for David Livingstone in Africa. He later went on to explore for fortune and entered the business world.

Frank Lenz (cyclist)
Frank George Lenz (born 1867, probably died May 1894) was an American bicyclist and adventurer who disappeared somewhere near Erzurum, Ottoman Empire (now Turkey), in May 1894, during an attempt to circle the globe by bicycle.
Women's Home Internationals
The Women's Home Internationals were an amateur team golf championship for women contested between the four Home Nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, where Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland on an All-Ireland basis. After the Ladies' Golf Union, the former governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, merged into The R&A in 2016, The R&A took over organisation of the event. The match was played annually and the venue cycled between the four nations. In 2022 the match was replaced by a combined Women's and Men's Home Internationals.

The event started in 1905 when Mr. T. H. Miller presented a trophy for the competition. A number of earlier internationals had been played, with England and Ireland playing a match as early as 1895. Triangular matches involving teams from England, Ireland and Scotland had been played in 1902 and 1904.

Marjorie Peel
Marjorie Lilian Peel (née Thomas, later Draper, 18 June 1905 – 1987) was a Scottish amateur golfer. She won the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1954 and was a member of the 1954 Curtis Cup team.