hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Shoals, Alabama
Muscle Shoals is the largest city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. It is located on the left bank of the Tennessee River in the northern part of the state and, as of the 2020 census, Muscle Shoals had a population of 16,275. The estimated population in 2019 was 14,575.

Both the city and the Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area (including four cities in Colbert and Lauderdale counties) are commonly called "The Shoals". Northwest Alabama Regional Airport serves the Shoals region, located in the northwest section of the state in Muscle Shoals.

Muscle Shoals Sound Studio
Muscle Shoals Sound Studio is an American recording studio in Sheffield, Alabama, formed in 1969 by four session musicians known as the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. They had left nearby FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals to create their own recording facility.

They attracted noted artists from across the United States and Great Britain. Over the years, artists who recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio included Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Percy Sledge, the Rolling Stones, Duane Allman, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Joe Cocker, Levon Helm, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, Rod Stewart, Cat Stevens,  Bob Dylan, Jimmy Cliff, Cher, George Michael, and the Black Keys.
Wootton Bassett Road railway station
Wootton Bassett Road railway station (also known as Hay Lane) was opened on 17 December 1840 as the temporary terminus of the Great Western Railway (GWR) when it was extended from Faringdon Road. It was located about 4 miles (6.4 km) by road east of Wootton Bassett in Wiltshire, England.

Basic locomotive facilities were provided here, and stagecoaches carried passengers to Bath, where they could join another GWR train for the remainder of the journey to Bristol. The GWR was opened from here to Chippenham on 31 May 1841, but the temporary station remained in use here until 30 June 1841 and the locomotive facilities until sometime the following year. It was superseded by the permanent Wootton Bassett station on 30 July 1841, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west.

Chippenham railway station
Chippenham railway station is on the Great Western Main Line (GWML) in South West England, serving the town of Chippenham, Wiltshire. It is 93 miles 76 chains (93.95 mi; 151.2 km) down the line from the zero point at London Paddington and is situated between Swindon and Bath Spa on the GWML. The Wessex Main Line diverges from the GWML to the southwest of Chippenham and runs to Trowbridge via Melksham.

The station is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates all the trains that call. Only two platforms remain in use; the platform by the main entrance is now disused.
Holms Water
The Holms Water is a river and a tributary of the Biggar Water, which is a tributary of the River Tweed, in the parish of Broughton, Glenholm and Kilbucho in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, near Glenkirk, Stanhope, Peeblesshire and Hearthstane.

River Tweed
The River Tweed, or Tweed Water (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Thuaidh /ɯʃgʲə huəj/) is a river 97 miles (156 km) long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England.  Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the River Tweed. The Tweed is one of the great salmon rivers of Britain and the only river in England where an Environment Agency rod licence is not required for angling. The river generates a large income for the local borders region, attracting anglers from all around the world.
William W. Mushin
William Woolf Mushin FRCS 1966, CBE 1971 (September 1910 – 22 January 1993) was Director and Professor of Anaesthetics Welsh National School of Medicine, University of Wales, 1947 to 1975. He was also the dean of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 1961 to 1964.

He authored the books Physics for the Anaesthetist (1946), Anaesthesia for the Poor Risk (1948) and Automatic Ventilation of Lungs (1959)

Royal College of Anaesthetists
The Royal College of Anaesthetists (RCoA) is the professional body responsible for the specialty of anaesthesia throughout the United Kingdom. It sets standards in anaesthesia, critical care, pain management, and for the training of anaesthetists, physicians' assistants (anaesthesia), and practising critical care physicians. It also holds examinations for anaesthetists in training, and informs and educates the public about anaesthesia. Its headquarters are in Churchill House, London.
Yeloguy
The Yeloguy (Russian: Елогуй) is a river in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is one of the main tributaries of the Yenisey. Its basin marks the eastern limit of the Siberian Uvaly.

The Yeloguy is 464 kilometres (288 mi) long, and the area of its basin is 25,100 square kilometres (9,700 mi2). The lower reaches of the river are navigable downstream from Kellog. The Yeloguy was one of the places where Ket singer Alexander Kotusov found inspiration for his songs.

Yenisei
The Yenisey or Yenisei (/ˌjɛnɪˈseɪ/, YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.

Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea. The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia. Its delta is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula.

It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft).
Conal Gregory
Conal Robert Gregory (born 11 March 1947) was Conservative Member of Parliament for York from 1983 to 1992, when he lost the seat to Labour Party candidate Hugh Bayley.

He was educated at King's College School, Wimbledon and the University of Sheffield. He is a Master of Wine and has worked for many years in the wine trade. He is the author of a number of publications on the subject. He became a journalist writing for the Financial Times, Guardian and was made the personal Financial Editor of the Yorkshire Post, winning Regional Financial Journalist of the Year Award in 2016

King's College School
King's College School, also known as Wimbledon, KCS, King's and KCS Wimbledon, is a public school in Wimbledon, southwest London, England. The school was established in 1829 by King George IV, as the junior department of King's College London and had part of the school's premises in Strand, prior to relocating to Wimbledon in 1897.

KCS is a member of the Eton Group of schools. It is predominantly a boys' school but accepts girls into the Sixth Form. In the Sixth Form, students can choose between the International Baccalaureate and A-Level qualifications.

The school is included in The Schools Index as one of the 150 best private schools in the world and among the top 30 senior schools in the UK.
Town and Country Planning Act 1947
The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 53) was the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom.

Today the main statutes in England and Wales are the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) introduced in 2012. In Scotland the main statute is the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 and the Planning etc. (Scotland) Act 2006, supported by the National Policy Framework. In Northern Ireland it is the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011.

Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of UK land law which concerns land-use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning, which outside of England is devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Senedd.

In England and Wales, the principal piece of legislation is the Town and Country Planning Act 1990; its counterparts in Northern Ireland and Scotland are the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 and the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 respectively. The planning system in England is under the overall control of the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government.
Elin Pelin Point
Elin Pelin Point (Bulgarian: нос Елин Пелин, 'nos Elin Pelin') is a point on the northwest coast of Smith Island, South Shetland Islands situated 4.6 km north-northeast of Cape James and 4.8 km south-southwest of Lista Point.  The point is   named after Bulgarian writer Elin Pelin.

63°03′35″S 62°40′45″W﻿ / ﻿63.05972°S 62.67917°W﻿ / -63.05972; -62.67917

Cape James
Cape James is a cape which forms the southern tip of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The name appears on a chart based upon the 1828–1831 British naval expedition under Captain Henry Foster, and is now well established in international usage.
Pithipatis of Magadha
The Pithipatis of Magadha (also known as the Pithis) were the rulers of Magadha from the 11th to 13th century CE in what is now Bihar, India. They were centred in Bodh Gaya and Pithi refers to the diamond throne where the Buddha was said to have gained enlightenment.

The Pithipati chiefs styled themselves with the title of Acarya in addition to Pīṭhīpati. Pithipati Buddhasena also termed himself as magadhādipati (ruler or lord of Magadha). The realm of the Pithipatis at its peak seems to have extended from the Magadha region up to the western and southern parts of Munger district as inscriptions of the Pithipatis have been found in these regions.

Dharmasvamin
Dharmasvamin (Chag Lo-tsa-ba Chos-rje-dpal; 1197–1264) was a Tibetan monk and pilgrim who travelled to Nepal and Magadha between 1234 and 1236. The main source on his life is his biography which was composed by Upasaka Chos-dar and provides an eyewitness account of the times. Dharmasvamin's accounts are important for reconstructing the continued operation of Nalanda after it was sacked in 1193 CE.
Seoraksan
Seoraksan (Korean: 설악산), or Mount Sorak, is the highest mountain in the Taebaek mountain range in the Gangwon Province  in eastern South Korea. It is located in the Seoraksan National Park, near Sokcho. After the Hallasan volcano on Jeju Island and Jirisan in the south, Seoraksan is the third highest mountain in South Korea. The peak Daechongbong (대청봉) of Seoraksan reaches 1,708 meters (5,603 feet). The mountain is sometimes considered the backbone of South Korea.

The mountain is also part of a biosphere reserve: Mount Sorak Biosphere Reserve.

Hallasan
Hallasan (Korean: 한라산) is a shield volcano comprising much of Jeju Island in South Korea. Its summit, at 1,947 m (6,388 ft), is the highest point in the country. The area around the mountain is a designated national park, named Hallasan National Park. Hallasan is commonly considered to be one of the three main mountains of South Korea, along with Jirisan and Seoraksan.

The Hallasan Natural Reserve was designated as a South Korean Natural Monument number 182 on October 12, 1966.
Harwa
The ancient Egyptian official Harwa was the Chief steward of the God's Wife of Amun, Amenirdis I, during the 25th Dynasty.

His tomb, TT37, is located in El-Assasif, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the West Bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. The tomb was excavated by the Italian Archaeological Mission to Luxor, under the leadership of Francesco Tiradritti. They started the work in 1995.

High steward (Ancient Egypt)
The high steward (also called chief steward or great overseer of the house; Egyptian: imi-r pr wr) was an important official at the royal court in Ancient Egypt in the Middle Kingdom and in the New Kingdom. He was the main person in charge of the estates supplying the palace and the royal residence with food.
The office appears in the 11th Dynasty. To the earliest title holders belong Henenu and Meketre. After the vizier and the treasurer this was the most important office at the royal court; important title holders of the 12th Dynasty were Siese and Khnumhotep III, both were later in their career appointed vizier.

The title was still very important in the New Kingdom and was in this period often called high steward of the king. An important title holder of the New Kingdom was Senenmut under Hatshepsut, other include Wadjetrenput  serving under the same queen.
Gillian Campbell
Gillian Margaret Campbell (born 21 August 1960) is a former competitive Australian rower. In the six seasons from 1988 to 1993 she was consistently in the top-tier of Australian heavyweight women scullers winning ten national sculling titles and one sweep-oared championship title. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Leichhardt Rowing Club
Leichhardt Rowing Club formed in 1886 is one of the oldest rowing clubs in Sydney, Australia. The clubhouse has occupied sites on Port Jackson's, Iron Cove at Leichhardt since 1886. Leichhardt is an all-level competitive and recreational rowing club, with a long history of supporting women's rowing. The club has enjoyed a rebirth in the new millennium partly due to the success of its Masters, Corporate Challenge and learn-to-row programs as well as a cherished partnership with Pymble Ladies College.
Wormbach
Wormbach is a locality in the municipality Schmallenberg in the High Sauerland District in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The village has 417 inhabitants and lies in the north of the municipality of Schmallenberg at a height of around 500 m. Wormbach borders on the villages of Werpe, Felbecke, Berghausen, Ebbinghof, Obringhausen and Schmallenberg. Schmallenberg’s aerodrome (Motorsport- und Segelflugplatz Rennefeld) is between the villages of Werpe and Wormbach. In the village centre the Kreisstraße 25  meets the Kreisstraße 31.

The first written document mentioning Worunbach dates from 1072 in a charter from Grafschaft Abbey of bishop Anno of Cologne.  The village used to belong to the municipality of Wormbach in Amt Schmallenberg until the end of 1974.

Schmallenberg
Schmallenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈʃmalənbɛʁk] ⓘ; Westphalian: Smalmereg) is a town and a climatic health resort in the High Sauerland District, Germany. By area, it is the third biggest of all cities and towns of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the second biggest of the region of Westphalia.

With small Schmallenberg central town and the rural Bad Fredeburg Kneipp health resort the town has two urban settlements. Additionally, 82 villages and hamlets belong to the town's territory. Also being called “the Schmallenberg Sauerland”, the Town of Schmallenberg is famous for its total of five health resorts and nine villages which have been awarded gold for their beauty in the nationwide “Our village has a future” contest.
BMW N54
The BMW N54 is a twin-turbocharged straight-six petrol engine that was produced from 2006 to 2016. It is BMW's first mass-produced turbocharged petrol engine and BMW's first turbocharged petrol engine since the limited-production BMW M106 was discontinued in 1986. The N54 debuted at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show and was launched in the 335i model of the E90/E91/E92/E93 3 Series range.

Following the introduction of its BMW N55 successor in 2009, the N54 began to be phased out. The final model powered by the N54 is the E89 Z4 roadster, which was produced until 2016.

The N54 has won six straight International Engine of the Year awards and three straight Ward's 10 Best Engines awards.

There is no BMW M version of the N54, however a high-output version of the N54 is used in the 1 Series M Coupe, Z4 35iS and 335iS models.

BMW 5 Series (E60)
The fifth generation of the BMW 5 Series executive cars consists of the BMW E60 (saloon version) and BMW E61 (wagon version, marketed as 'Touring'). The E60/E61 generation was produced by BMW from 2003 to 2010 and is often collectively referred to as the E60.

The E60 generation introduced various new electronic features, including the iDrive infotainment system, head-up display, active cruise control, active steering, adaptive headlights, night vision, lane departure warning and voice control. The E60 was the first 5 Series to be available with a turbocharged petrol engine, a 6-speed automatic transmission and regenerative braking.

The M5 model was introduced in 2005 and is powered by the BMW S85 V10 engine. It was sold in the saloon and wagon body styles, with most cars using the 7-speed SMG III transmission. It was the first and only M5 model to be sold with a V10 engine.

In January 2010, the BMW 5 Series (F10) began production as the successor to the E60.
Vista Ridge Tunnels
The Vista Ridge Tunnels are highway tunnels through the Tualatin Mountains ("West Hills") of Portland, Oregon, United States. With their eastern ends located in the Goose Hollow neighborhood, the tunnels pass through a hillside locally known as Vista Ridge, a half mile (1 km) west of downtown Portland.  Sunset Highway, also known as U.S. Route 26, is carried through the tunnels, three lanes in each direction.  They are Oregon's busiest tunnels.

U.S. Route 26 in Oregon
U.S. Route 26 (US 26) is a major cross-state United States Numbered Highway with its western terminus in the U.S. state of Oregon, connecting US 101 on the Oregon Coast near Seaside with the Idaho state line east of Nyssa. Local highway names include the Sunset Highway No. 47, Mount Hood Highway No. 26, and John Day Highway No. 5 before continuing into Idaho and beyond.
Vereinigte Bühnen Wien
Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW), or United Stages Vienna, is a musical production company based in Vienna, Austria which produced several own musicals that were very successful.

It also owns and/or operates four theaters: the Theater an der Wien, Raimund Theater, Ronacher, and the Kammeroper.

The sole shareholder is Wien Holding GmbH.

Elisabeth (musical)
Elisabeth is a Viennese musical commissioned by the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien and originally produced in German, with a book and lyrics by Michael Kunze and music by Sylvester Levay. It portrays the life and death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, also known as "Sisi", the wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I, from her engagement and marriage in 1854 to her murder in 1898 at the hands of the Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni; it focuses on her growing obsession with death, as her marriage and the empire crumble around her just before the turn of the 20th century.

According to Vereinigte Bühnen Wien, it has been translated into ten languages and seen by over 12 million spectators in 14 countries, making it the most successful German-language musical of all time.
General Dynamics Corp. v. United States
General Dynamics Corp. v. United States (consolidated with The Boeing Co. v. United States), 563 U.S. 478 (2011), is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the State Secrets Privilege prevented the plaintiff from using the evidence it needed to protect itself from an expensive judgement.

State secrets privilege
The state secrets privilege is an evidentiary rule created by United States legal precedent. Application of the privilege results in exclusion of evidence from a legal case based solely on affidavits submitted by the government stating that court proceedings might disclose sensitive information which might endanger national security. United States v. Reynolds, which involved alleged military secrets, was the first case that saw formal recognition of the privilege.

Following a claim of "state secrets privilege", the court rarely conducts an in camera examination of the evidence to evaluate whether there is sufficient cause to support the use of this doctrine. This results in court rulings in which even the judge has not verified the veracity of the assertion. The privileged material is completely removed from the litigation, and the court must determine how the unavailability of the privileged information affects the case.
Plectocarpon
Plectocarpon is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Lecanographaceae. The genus, which was established in 1825 by the French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée, contains about 30 species that live as parasites on other lichens rather than forming their own independent body (thallus). These fungi are recognized by the small, wart-like swellings they create on their host lichens and by their distinctive dark fruiting bodies that often contain a green pigment that dissolves when treated with potassium hydroxide solution.

Lecanographaceae
Lecanographaceae is a family of mostly lichens (also some lichenicolous fungi) in the order Arthoniales. The family was circumscribed in 2014, prompted by a molecular phylogenetic-based restructuring of the Arthoniales.
2021 Challenge by La Vuelta
The 2021 Ceratizit Challenge by La Vuelta was a women's road cycling stage race that was held in the region of Galicia in northwestern Spain from 2 to 5 September 2021. It was the seventh edition of the Challenge by La Vuelta and was the fifteenth event on the 2021 UCI Women's World Tour calendar. As with previous editions, the final day of the race coincided with the final day of the Vuelta a España.

La Vuelta Femenina
La Vuelta Femenina (Spanish: [la ˈβwelta femeˈnina]; "The Female Tour") is an elite women's professional bicycle race held in Spain. The race is organised by Unipublic and Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), which also organises the men's Vuelta a España. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour.

Some teams and media have referred to the race as a 'Grand Tour', as it is one of the biggest events on the women's calendar. However, the race does not meet the UCI definition of such an event.

La Vuelta Femenina replaces the Challenge by La Vuelta stage race (previously one day race) run between 2015 and 2022, staged at the same time as the men's tour.
Włocławek
Włocławek (Polish: [vwɔˈt͡swavɛk] ⓘ; German: Leslau or Alt Lesle, Yiddish: וולאָצלאַוועק, romanized: Vlatzlavek, Russian: Влоцлавек Vlotslavek) is a city in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland along the Vistula River, bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park. As of December 2021, the population of the city is 106,928.

Founded in the 9th century, Włocławek is located in the historical region of Kuyavia, and was its administrative center and main city in the Middle Ages. Nowadays, Włocławek is the third largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (after Bydgoszcz and Toruń) and the main cultural and economic center of eastern Kuyavia. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek, one of the oldest dioceses in Poland, since the 12th century, with the landmark Gothic Włocławek Cathedral listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. Poland's largest hydroelectric power plant is also located there.

Hydroelectric power plant in Włocławek
The hydroelectric power plant in Włocławek is the largest run-of-the-river hydroelectricity power plant in Poland. As a result of the construction of the power plant, a dam lake was created on the Vistula (Włocławek Reservoir). Initially it was supposed to be an element of the cascade of hydropower plants of the lower Vistula, but the other dams were never built.

The site is associated with the assassination of Jerzy Popiełuszko, including body disposal and discovery.