hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gulf Air Flight 771
Gulf Air Flight 771 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi International Airport, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. On 23 September 1983, while the Boeing 737-2P6 was on approach, a bomb, planted by the Palestinian nationalist militant group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment, resulting in a fire. The aircraft crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai. All 105 passengers and 7 crew members died. To date, it is the deadliest air disaster in the history of the United Arab Emirates, along with Sterling Airways Flight 296 which also killed 112 people in 1972.

Sterling Airways Flight 296
On 14 March 1972, Sterling Airways Flight 296 crashed into a mountain ridge on approach to Dubai in Al Hail, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Flight 296 was a charter flight from Colombo to Copenhagen with stops in Bombay, Dubai, and Ankara. All 112 passengers and crew on board died in the crash which was attributed to pilot error. The flight was operated by a Sud Aviation Caravelle, registration OY-STL. To date, it is the deadliest air disaster to involve a Caravelle and the deadliest air disaster in history in United Arab Emirates along with Gulf Air Flight 771 which also killed 112.
VPB-125
VPB-125 was a Patrol Bombing Squadron of the U.S. Navy. The squadron was established as Patrol Squadron 20 (VP-20) on 1 September 1938, redesignated Patrol Squadron 44 (VP-44) on 1 July 1940, redesignated Patrol Squadron 61 (VP-61) on 6 January 1941, redesignated Patrol Squadron 82 (VP-82) on 1 July 1941, redesignated Bombing Squadron 125 (VB-125) on 1 March 1943, redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 125 (VPB-125) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 8 June 1945.

Lockheed Hudson
The Lockheed Hudson is a light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built by the American Lockheed Aircraft Corporation.  It was initially put into service by the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War and primarily operated by it thereafter. The Hudson was a military conversion of the Model 14 Super Electra airliner, and was the first significant aircraft construction contract for Lockheed — the initial RAF order for 200 Hudsons far surpassed any previous order the company had received.

The Hudson served throughout the war, mainly with Coastal Command but also in transport and training roles, as well as delivering agents into occupied France.  It was also used extensively with the Royal Canadian Air Force's anti-submarine squadrons and by the Royal Australian Air Force.
Marder (submarine)
Marder (pine marten) was a German midget submarine developed from the Neger. The craft was 8.3 metres (27 ft 3 in) long and unlike the Neger included a flooding tank in the nose allowing it to dive. Another improvement was the dome through which the pilot viewed the outside world that also served as the craft's entrance and exit was made openable from the inside. Maximum diving depth was about 25 metres (82 ft).

The submarine's first operations took place on the night of 2 August 1944, when Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine's Small Battle Units made their largest effort of the war. 58 human torpedoes of the Neger-type and 22 Linse vessels were launched against Allied shipping off Normandy as part of a combined operation with Negers and explosive Linse boats.  One Royal Navy destroyer escort, HMS Quorn was sunk by a human torpedo along with one minesweeper, HMS Gairsay, and one landing craft by the German motor boats; at a cost of 41 Neger and 22 Linsen craft.

Midget submarine
A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation. They normally work with mother ships, from which they are launched and recovered and which provide living accommodation for the crew and support staff.

Both military and civilian midget submarines have been built. Military types work with surface ships and other submarines as mother ships. Civilian and non-combatant military types are generally called submersibles and normally work with surface ships. Most early submarines would now be considered midget submarines, such as the United States Navy's USS Holland (SS-1) and the British Royal Navy's HMS Holland 1 (both named for the same designer).
Curious George Rides a Bike
Curious George Rides a Bike is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1952. It is the third book of the original Curious George series and tells the story of George's new bicycle and his experiences performing with an animal show.

The book was later adapted into an animated short film from Weston Woods Studios in 1958 and an episode of a PBS Kids TV show of the same name in 2007, but with a few differences, such as George getting his bike repaired by the Renkins.

H. A. Rey
H. A. Rey (born Hans Augusto Reyersbach; September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was a German-born American illustrator and author, known best for the series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created about Curious George.
Jim Langley
Ernest James Langley (7 February 1929 – 9 December 2007) was an English footballer noted for his pacey, rampaging runs from the left full-back position and his long throw-ins. He is remembered particularly fondly by supporters of Fulham for his long service with the club during which he helped them achieve promotion to the First Division during the 1958–59 season; by Queens Park Rangers fans for featuring in the side which won the Third Division title and sensationally beat First Division West Bromwich Albion in the League Cup Final in the 1966–67 season and by non-league side Guildford City where he remains one of their most successful former players. Langley also enjoyed a short spell as an England international, playing three games for his country in 1958.

Hillingdon Borough F.C.
Hillingdon Borough Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Ruislip, in the London Borough of Hillingdon. The club is affiliated to the Middlesex County Football Association. Its name was revived in 1990 from the original club, which had been based in Yiewsley. They currently play in the Combined Counties League Division One.
Peach Creek, West Virginia
Peach Creek is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. Peach Creek is located on the east bank of the Guyandotte River across from West Logan. Peach Creek has a post office with ZIP code 25639. The community was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census, in which the population was 185.

The community took its name from Peach Creek, which flows through the center of town.

Peach Creek is also the name of the main location in the Cartoon Network animated series Ed, Edd n Eddy, where the Eds live in the local cul-de-sac in Peach Creek, West Virginia with their friends, the Cul-de-sac kids.

West Logan, West Virginia
West Logan is a town along the Guyandotte River in Logan County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 400 at the 2020 census. For unknown reasons, some sources report West Logan to lay west of the county seat at Logan, attributing to this fact the name.
Livraga
Livraga is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Lodi. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,589 and an area of 12.2 square kilometres (4.7 sq mi).

Livraga borders the following municipalities: Brembio, Borghetto Lodigiano, San Colombano al Lambro, Ospedaletto Lodigiano, Orio Litta.

Orio Litta
Orio Litta (Lodigiano: Vori) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Milan and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Lodi. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,982 and an area of 9.9 square kilometres (3.8 sq mi).

Orio Litta borders the following municipalities: Livraga, San Colombano al Lambro, Ospedaletto Lodigiano, Senna Lodigiana, Chignolo Po, Calendasco, Monticelli Pavese.
History of optics
Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term τα ὀπτικά meaning 'appearance, look'. Optics was significantly reformed by the developments in the medieval Islamic world, such as the beginnings of physical and physiological optics, and then significantly advanced in early modern Europe, where diffractive optics began. These earlier studies on optics are now known as "classical optics". The term "modern optics" refers to areas of optical research that largely developed in the 20th century, such as wave optics and quantum optics.

Physical optics
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effects such as quantum noise in optical communication, which is studied in the sub-branch of coherence theory.
1988 Tooheys 1000
The 1988 Tooheys 1000 was a 1000 km endurance motor race for Group A Touring Cars. It was held on 2 October 1988 at the Mount Panorama Circuit just outside Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia. The race was the opening round of the 1988 Asia-Pacific Touring Car Championship and was the 29th running of the Bathurst 1000.

The 1988 edition was the only race in the history of the Bathurst 1000 to have commenced with a rolling start.

The race was won by Tony Longhurst and Tomas Mezera driving a Ford Sierra RS500.

Holden Dealer Team
The Holden Dealer Team (HDT) was Holden's semi-official racing team from 1969 until 1986, primarily contesting Australian Touring Car events but also rallying, rallycross and Sports Sedan races during the 1970s. From 1980 the Holden Dealer Team, by then under the ownership of Peter Brock, diversified into producing modified road-going Commodores and other Holden cars for selected dealers via HDT Special Vehicles.

After Holden terminated its association with Brock's businesses in February 1987, the team became the factory BMW team racing M3s race team in 1988. Further into 1988, Brock sold off his HDT Special Vehicles road car business, which has nevertheless, under various ownership, continued to modify Holden vehicles to this current day.
Biddeford, Maine
Biddeford (/ˈbɪdɪfərd/ BID-if-ərd) is a city in York County, Maine, United States. It is the principal commercial center of York County. Its population was 22,552 at the 2020 census. The twin cities of Saco and Biddeford include the resort communities of Biddeford Pool and Fortunes Rocks. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. First visited by Europeans in 1616, it is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. It is home to Saint Joseph's Church, the tallest building in Maine.

Biddeford is a principal population center of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan statistical area.

City Theater (Biddeford, Maine)
Biddeford City Theater is a year-round near 500-seat, restored Victorian opera house at 205 Main Street in Biddeford, Maine, United States. Biddeford City Theater is a non-profit, volunteer-driven, organization that produces and hosts plays, musicals, concerts, movies, music, comedy, and other artistic performances with patrons from all over New England. The mission of City Theater Associates is to foster an appreciation for the performing arts by using creative avenues to increase community involvement.

City Theater is part of the Biddeford City Hall complex, designed by Maine architect John Calvin Stevens in 1895. The building is included on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a contributing element to the Biddeford Main Street Historic District.
Gråkallbreen
Gråkallbreen is a glacier in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about 800 meters, and is located north of the mountain Gråkallen and in the upper part of Slaklidalen. Slaklielva originates from Gråkallbreen and flows through Slaklidalen and across Breinesflya towards the sea.

Slaklidalen
Slaklidalen is a valley in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a length of about four kilometers, and is located between Gavrilovfjellet and Brevassfjellet at the western side, and Wiederfjellet and Gråkallen at the east side. Slaklielva flows through the valley on its way from Gråkallbreen to Breinesflya.
German trawler V 1302 John Mahn
V 1302 John Mahn was a fishing trawler requisitioned during World War II by the Kriegsmarine for use as a Vorpostenboot. It was launched in 1927 in Hamburg and was sunk in 1942 in the North Sea during Operation Cerberus.

Vorpostenboot
Vorpostenboot (plural Vorpostenboote), also referred to as VP-Boats, flakships or outpost boats, were German patrol boats which served during both World Wars. They were used around coastal areas and in coastal operations, and were tasked with – among other things – coastal patrol, ship escort, and naval combat.
Steroidogenic enzyme
Steroidogenic enzymes are enzymes that are involved in steroidogenesis and steroid biosynthesis. They are responsible for the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones, including sex steroids (androgens, estrogens, and progestogens) and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids), as well as neurosteroids, from cholesterol. Steroidogenic enzymes are most highly expressed in classical steroidogenic tissues, such as the testis, ovary, and adrenal cortex, but are also present in other tissues in the body.

CYP17A1
Cytochrome P450 17A1 (steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17,20-desmolase) is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types, including the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata (but not zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex as well as gonadal tissues. It has both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, and is a key enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. More specifically, the enzyme acts upon pregnenolone and progesterone to add a hydroxyl (-OH) group at carbon 17 position (C17) of the steroid D ring (the 17α-hydroxylase activity, EC 1.14.14.19), or acts upon 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to split the side-chain off the steroid nucleus (the 17,20-lyase activity, EC 1.14.14.32).
Harringay Greyhounds
Harringay Greyhounds were a British ice hockey club based in Harringay, England.

The side was founded in 1936 and initially played alongside Harringay Racers at the Harringay Arena.  Both sides entered the English National League, which Greyhounds won in 1938/9 and again in 1939/40.  After a break during World War II, the league resumed, but Greyhounds were unable to recapture their pre-war form.  In 1949, they merged into Racers.

Harringay
Harringay (pronounced /ˈhærɪŋɡeɪ/ HARR-ing-gay) is a district of north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is centred on the section of Green Lanes running between the New River, where it crosses Green Lanes by Finsbury Park, and Duckett's Common, near Turnpike Lane.
Sophist (dialogue)
The Sophist (Greek: Σοφιστής; Latin: Sophista) is a Platonic dialogue from the philosopher's late period, most likely written in 360 BC. In it the interlocutors, led by Eleatic Stranger employ the method of division in order to classify and define the sophist and describe his essential attributes and differentia vis a vis the philosopher and statesman. 
Like its sequel, the Statesman, the dialogue is unusual in that Socrates is present but plays only a minor role. Instead, the Eleatic Stranger takes the lead in the discussion. Because Socrates is silent, it is difficult to attribute the views put forward by the Eleatic Stranger to Plato, beyond the difficulty inherent in taking any character to be an author's "mouthpiece".

Eleatics
The Eleatics were a group of pre-Socratic philosophers and school of thought in the 5th century BC centered around the ancient Greek colony of Elea (Ancient Greek: Ἐλέα), located around 80 miles south-east of Naples in southern Italy, then known as Magna Graecia.

The primary philosophers who are associated with the Eleatic doctrines are Parmenides, Zeno of Elea, and Melissus of Samos, although other Italian philosophers such as Xenophanes of Colophon and Empedocles have also sometimes been classified as members of this movement. The Eleatics have traditionally been seen as advocating a strict metaphysical view of monism in response to the materialist monism advocated by their predecessors, the Ionian school.
Ħamrija Tower
Ħamrija Tower (Maltese: Torri tal-Ħamrija), originally known as Torre della Pietra Nigra (Maltese: Torri tal-Ħaġra s-Sewda) and also known locally as Torri ta' Rsejjen, is a small watchtower in Qrendi, Malta. It was completed in 1659 as the twelfth of the De Redin towers. The tower was restored by Heritage Malta and it is now in good condition.

De Redin towers
The De Redin Towers (Maltese: Torrijiet ta' De Redin) are a series of small coastal watchtowers built in Malta by the Order of Saint John between 1658 and 1659. Thirteen towers were built around the coast of mainland Malta to act as watchtowers. Eight of the towers still survive.

The Mġarr ix-Xini Tower, which was built on Gozo in 1661 after the death of de Redin, has a design similar to the De Redin towers.
R393 road (Ireland)
The R393 road is a regional road in Ireland linking Longford to Mullingar in County Westmeath.

Its route runs north of the Royal Canal and south of the N4 national primary road – both of which also join Longford to Mullingar, as does the Dublin-Sligo railway line.

The road is 43 km (27 mi) long.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Laboratory glassware
Laboratory glassware is a variety of equipment used in scientific work, traditionally made of glass. Glass may be blown, bent, cut, molded, or formed into many sizes and shapes. It is commonly used in chemistry, biology, and analytical laboratories.  Many laboratories have training programs to demonstrate how glassware is used and to alert first–time users to the safety hazards involved with using glassware.

Stopcock
A stopcock is a form of valve used to control the flow of a liquid or gas. The term is not precise and is applied to many different types of valve. The only consistent attribute is that the valve is designed to completely stop the flow when closed fully.
Southwest Temple
The Southwest Temple is the modern name for a tetrastyle prostyle Doric temple located in the southwest part of the Ancient Agora of Athens. Fragments from the temple found throughout the Agora enable a full, if tentative, reconstruction of the temple's appearance. These fragments originally belonged to several Hellenistic structures and a fifth-century BC stoa at Thorikos in southeastern Attica, but they were spoliated to build the temple in the Agora in the age of Augustus. It is unknown which god or hero the temple was dedicated to. It was spoliated to build the post-Herulian fortification wall after the Herulian sack of Athens in 267 AD.

Ancient Agora of Athens
The Ancient Agora of Athens (also called the Classical Agora) is an ancient Greek agora. It is located to the northwest of the Acropolis, and bounded on the south by the hill of the Areopagus and on the west by the hill known as the Agoraios Kolonos, also called Market Hill. The Agora's initial use was for a commercial, assembly, or residential gathering place.
Tooleybuc Bridge
The Tooleybuc Bridge is a dual heritage-listed road bridge that carries Tooleybuc Road across the Murray River, located in Tooleybuc, New South Wales, Australia. It was built in 1925. The bridge is owned by the Transport for NSW, and is also called the Tooleybuc Bridge over Murray River. The bridge was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000 and the Victorian Heritage Register on 10 July 2008.

Tooleybuc
Tooleybuc /ˈtuːlɪbʌk/ is a town in the western Riverina district of New South Wales, Australia. The town is located on the Mallee Highway, 919 kilometres (571 mi) southwest of the state capital, Sydney and 381 kilometres (237 mi) north west of Melbourne. Situated on the banks of the Murray River across from Piangil in the neighbouring state of Victoria, at the 2011 census, Tooleybuc has a population of 277. The town is in the Murray River Council local government area. The Tooleybuc Bridgekeepers Cottage close to the Tooleybuc Bridge is of particular local historic interest. It is open to the public.
Whitty Street
Whitty Street is a street in Shek Tong Tsui, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Named after R.C. Whitty, the first manager of Hong Kong and China Gas Company, the street is well known as one of seven terminals of the Hong Kong Tramways. The road starts from Queen's Road West, crossing Des Voeux Road West and ends in Connaught Road West.

In the 1970s, there was a plan for an MTR station (named Whitty station) to be built beneath the street for the residents of Shek Tong Tsui. Space is reserved for the exit of the future station. Nonetheless, the plan has never come to fruition. A new plan suggests that a station would be built near the private housing estate The Belcher's instead of on Whitty Street.

These MTR proposals were eventually superseded by the West Island line extension, which opened HKU station just south of Shek Tong Tsui. HKU station's Exit B1 opens directly onto the southern end of Whitty Street.

Shek Tong Tsui
Shek Tong Tsui (Chinese: 石塘咀 or 石塘嘴) or Belcher Point is an area in Sai Wan on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it belongs to the Central and Western District.

This area is bounded to the east by Ka On Street, north by the Victoria Harbour, south by Pok Fu Lam Road and Third Street, and west by the intersection of Queen's Road West and Belcher's Street. To the east lies Sai Ying Pun and to the west is Kennedy Town. To the south are the slopes of Victoria Peak, Lung Fu Shan and High West. While the boundaries are not de jure drawn, they are nevertheless de facto defined by Collinson Street to the west and Whitty Street to the east.