hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Camp Creek (Tuolumne County, California)
Camp Creek is a stream in Yosemite National Park, United States. It is a tributary of Piute Creek which is a tributary of the Tuolumne River. Camp Creek head waters start along the southside of Doghead Peak and head west.

Camp Creek was so likely so named when a United States Geological Survey topographer camped there.

Piute Creek (Tuolumne River tributary)
Piute Creek is a 19-mile (31 km) long stream in northern Yosemite National Park, in Tuolumne County, California. It is a major tributary of the Tuolumne River, draining a rugged and remote area of the Sierra Nevada.

The creek begins at an unnamed lake near Burro Pass and Matterhorn Peak, flowing west then southwest into Slide Canyon. Here, it briefly flows underground through a fallen talus pile known as "The Slide". Below Slide Canyon it receives Camp Creek and Rock Creek then descends steeply southwest into Benson Lake. After emerging from the southern end of the lake it flows through an area known as Pleasant Valley, where it passes the smaller Saddle Horse, Irwin Bright and Table Lakes, then drops over a long series of cascading waterfalls into the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne. It joins with the Tuolumne River in Pate Valley, about 5 miles (8.0 km) upstream from Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.

Piute Creek has also been known as Cascade Creek and Slide Creek.
El Pueblo History Museum
El Pueblo History Museum is a local history museum in Pueblo, Colorado, United States. The museum presents the history of Pueblo, together with the cultural and ethnic groups of the region. The historical site includes an 1840s-style adobe trading post and plaza and the archaeological excavation site of the original 1842 El Pueblo trading post which was listed on the US National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The facility is administered by History Colorado.

The museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, and is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM).

History Colorado
History Colorado is a historical society that was established in 1879 as the State Historical Society of Colorado, also known as the Colorado Historical Society. History Colorado is a 501(c)(3) organization and an agency of the State of Colorado under the Department of Higher Education.
Francis Jackson (abolitionist)
Francis Jackson (1789–1861) was an abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts. He was president of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society for many years, was also president of the New England Anti-Slavery Conventions, and vice president of the American Anti-Slavery Society. He was also affiliated with the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society and the Boston Vigilance Committee. He worked for the South Cove Corporation, filling in land in Boston's South End in the 1830s.

Boston Vigilance Committee
The Boston Vigilance Committee (1841–1861) was an abolitionist organization formed in Boston, Massachusetts, to protect escaped slaves from being kidnapped and returned to slavery in the South. The Committee aided hundreds of escapees, most of whom arrived as stowaways on coastal trading vessels and stayed a short time before moving on to Canada or England. Notably, members of the Committee provided legal and other aid to George Latimer, Ellen and William Craft, Shadrach Minkins, Thomas Sims, and Anthony Burns.

Members coordinated with donors and Underground Railroad conductors to provide escapees with funds, shelter, medical attention, legal counsel, transportation, and sometimes weapons. They kept an eye out for slave catchers, and spread the word when any came to town. Some members took part in violent rescue efforts.
KQWB-FM
KQWB-FM (105.1 MHz, "Q105.1") is an active rock radio station located in Fargo, North Dakota (licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Breckenridge, Minnesota), owned by Jim Ingstad's Radio FM Media.

Its studios are located on 7th Avenue South, while its transmitter is located east of Wolverton.

From 1968–2013, KQWB-FM was on 98.7 MHz, but moved to 105.1 MHz on August 16, 2013.

KLTA-FM
KLTA-FM (98.7 FM, "Big 98.7") is a radio station based in Fargo, North Dakota, though licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Moorhead, Minnesota, owned by Jim Ingstad's Radio FM Media. The station carries an adult-oriented Top 40 (CHR) format. KLTA and rhythmic CHR-formatted HD2 translator K245BY ("96.9 Hits FM") compete against heritage Top 40 (CHR) KOYY.

Its studios are located on 7th Avenue South in Fargo, while its transmitter is located near Sabin, Minnesota.
Hausdalshorga
Hausdalshorga is a mountain in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It lies about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of the centre of the city of Bergen, near the Gullfjellet mountain massif. The mountain Livarden lies about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the west and the mountain Sveningen lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the southeast.

Livarden
Livarden is a mountain in Bergen Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the centre of the city of Bergen. It is located southeast of the Ulriken mountain massif, on the border of the boroughs of Fana and Arna, just south of the village of Espeland. The summit is situated at 684 metres (2,244 ft) above sea level, with a prime factor of 208 metres (682 ft). The mountain Hausdalshorga lies about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) to the west.
Old Westbury, New York
Old Westbury is a village in the towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 4,289 at the time of the 2020 census.

The Incorporated Village of Old Westbury is one of the nation's wealthiest municipalities and is the second-richest zip code in the state of New York – topped only by Harrison in Westchester County. In 2007, Business Week dubbed Old Westbury as New York's most expensive suburb. Old Westbury Gardens – located within the village – has been recognized as one of the three best public gardens in the world by Four Seasons Hotels magazine.

Marguerite Sawyer Davis
Marguerite Sawyer Hill Davis (March 31, 1879 - March 18, 1948) was one of the wealthiest women in the United States in the mid-1900s. One of her husbands, James Norman Hill, was a son of James J. Hill, a railroad tycoon. She was an art patron, socialite, and heiress to a railroad fortune.
Nattefrost
Roger Rasmussen (born 12 October 1974), better known by the stage name Nattefrost, is a Norwegian musician, best known for being the vocalist and a founding member of black metal band Carpathian Forest. He also fronts the side projects World Destroyer and Kreft, and since 2003, his own solo project.

Aura Noir
Aura Noir are Norwegian black/thrash metal band from Oslo. They are heavily influenced by early thrash bands such as Voivod, Slayer, Sodom and Kreator. The band's lyrical themes focus on blasphemy, death and aggression.
Johan (son of Sverker I)
Johan Sverkersson (in Old Icelandic sources called Jón jarl Sørkvisson), who died between 1150 and 1153, was the eldest son of King Sverker the Elder of Sweden and his queen Ulfhild Håkansdotter. He had a role in the outbreak of a war between Sweden and Denmark in the 1150s.

Sverker the Elder
Sverker the Elder (Old Swedish: Swærkir konongær gambli; c. 1100 – 25 December 1156), also known as Sverker I, was King of Sweden from about 1132 until his murder. Of non-royal descent, he founded the House of Sverker, the rulers of which alternated with the rival House of Erik over the next century.
The Wall – Live in Berlin
The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by the English rock musician Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of Pink Floyd's eleventh studio album The Wall (1979), itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released in September 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released.

Young Lust (song)
"Young Lust" is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released in November 1979. It is the ninth track on the band's eleventh studio album The Wall (1979). The lyrics to the song are about the band throwing themselves into the headlong of hedonism, sex, drugs, and rock and roll.
Porto Flavia
39°20′13.69″N 8°24′45.21″E﻿ / ﻿39.3371361°N 8.4125583°E﻿ / 39.3371361; 8.4125583

Porto Flavia is a sea harbor located near Nebida in the Iglesias comune of South Sardinia in Italy. Built in the year 1923–24, it served as the mineral production hub of Masua in the west coast of the Sardinian Iglesiente area. It is named after Flavia Vecelli, the daughter of the harbor's engineer and designer Cesare Vecelli.  The harbor's characteristics make it unique in the world, and at the time of its construction it was an outstanding engineering feat.

Iglesias, Sardinia
Iglesias (Italian pronunciation: [iˈɡlɛːzjas], locally [iˈɡlezjas] ⓘ; from Spanish: [iˈɣlesjas]; Sardinian: Igrèsias) is a town and municipality, as well as the co-capital (along with Carbonia) of the Province of Sulcis Iglesiente in the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy. As of 2025, with a population of 24,634, it is also the 2nd-largest town in the province and the 11th-largest in Sardinia.

Under Aragonese and Spanish control Iglesias was one of the most important royal cities on Sardinia (which depended directly on the king), and it is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iglesias. At an elevation of 190 metres (620 ft) in the hills of southwestern Sardinia, it was the centre of a mining district from which lead, zinc, and silver were extracted. Iglesias was also a centre for the distillation of sulfuric acid.
Carlo Schmid (Swiss pilot)
Carlo Schmid is a Swiss pilot.

In 2012 he became the youngest solo pilot to fly around the world at the age of 22, breaking the previous record held by Barrington Irving. The 110-hour flight of his Cessna 210 lasted 80 days from July 11 to September 29, 2012. The flight concluded with a landing at Dübendorf Air Base, accompanied by the PC-7 Team of the Swiss Air Force.

In 2014, Schmid's record was broken by 19-year-old Matt Guthmiller and in 2022 by 17-year old British-Belgian pilot Mack Rutherford.

Barrington Irving
Captain Barrington Irving Jr. CD (born November 11, 1983) is a Jamaican-born American pilot who previously held the record for the youngest person to pilot a plane around the world solo, a feat he accomplished in 2007. He is also the first black person and first Jamaican to accomplish this feat. His aircraft, a Columbia 400 (Cessna Corvalis 400), is named the "Inspiration." It was manufactured and assembled by the Columbia Aircraft Mfg. Co. in 2005, using over $315,000 in donated parts, and is classified as a standard aircraft in the utility category.
Posnjakite
Posnjakite is a hydrated copper sulfate mineral. It was discovered in the Tungsten deposit of Nura-Taldy in Karaganda Region in Kazakhstan and described in 1967 by Aleksandr Ivanovich Komkov (1926–1987) and Yevgenii Ivanovich Nefedov (1910–1976) and named after geochemist Eugene Valdemar Posnjak (1888–1949).

Sulfate mineral
The sulfate minerals are a class of minerals that include the sulfate ion (SO2−4) within their structure. The sulfate minerals occur commonly in primary evaporite depositional environments, as gangue minerals in hydrothermal veins and as secondary minerals in the oxidizing zone of sulfide mineral deposits. The chromate and manganate minerals have a similar structure and are often included with the sulfates in mineral classification systems.

Sulfate minerals include:

Anhydrous sulfates
Barite BaSO4
Celestite SrSO4
Anglesite PbSO4
Anhydrite CaSO4
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl

Hydroxide and hydrous sulfates
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O
Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O
Kieserite MgSO4·H2O
Starkeyite MgSO4·4H2O
Hexahydrite MgSO4·6H2O
Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O
Meridianiite MgSO4·11H2O
Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O
Antlerite Cu3SO4(OH)4
Brochantite Cu4SO4(OH)6
Alunite KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6
Löweite Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O
Sundanese language
Sundanese (/ˌsʌndəˈniːz/ SUN-də-NEEZ; endonym: Basa Sunda, Sundanese script: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ, Pegon script: بَاسَا سُوْندَا, pronounced [basa sʊnda]) is an Austronesian language spoken in Java, primarily by the Sundanese. It has approximately 32 million native speakers in the western third of Java; they represent about 15% of Indonesia's total population.

Parahyangan
The Parahyangan (Dutch: Preanger) or Priangan (Sundanese script: ᮕᮛᮂᮚᮍᮔ᮪) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one-sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon, and Indramayu (former residencies of Batavia and Cheribon), to the east by Central Java province (former residencies of Banyumas and Pekalongan), and to the south by the Indian Ocean.
Type 93 heavy machine gun
The Type 93 13 mm heavy machine gun (Japanese: 九三式十三粍機銃 Kyū-san Shiki Jū-san Mirimētoru Kijū), known to the Imperial Japanese Army as the Type Ho 13 mm AA machine cannon (Japanese: ホ式十三粍高射機関砲 Ho Shiki Jū-san Mirimētoru Kōsha Kikanhō), was a license-built version of the Hotchkiss M1930 machine gun used by the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun
The Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun (French: Mitrailleuse Hotchkiss de 13,2 mm), also known as the Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun (Mle 1929, Mle 1930, etc.), was a heavy machine gun, primarily intended for anti-aircraft use, designed and manufactured by French arms manufacturer Hotchkiss et Cie from the late 1920s until World War II, which saw service with various nations' forces, including Italy and Japan where the gun was built under license.
Mycoscience
Mycoscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of basic and applied research on fungi, including lichens, yeasts, oomycetes, and slime moulds. It is the official journal of the Mycological Society of Japan. A publication of the Mycological Society of Japan, it was founded in 1956 as Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan (1956–1993) and was later titled Mycoscience (1994–present).

Mycological Society of Japan
The Mycological Society of Japan (MSJ) is a learned society that serves as the professional organization of mycologists in Japan. It was founded in 1956. Members of the MSJ meet annually to exchange information and build understanding of fungi.
1987 in Japanese music
In 1987 (Shōwa 62), Japanese music was released on records, and there were charts, awards, contests and festivals.

During that year, Japan continued to have the second largest music market in the world.

Side Line
Side Line is the fourth studio album by the Japanese pop group Onyanko Club. It was released on February 21, 1987, through Canyon Records in LP and CD format. It peaked at number one on the Oricon charts and sold a total of 69,000 copies.
CHYQ-FM
CHYQ-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts at 97.1 FM in West Nipissing, Ontario. It broadcasts a francophone hot adult contemporary format for the local Franco-Ontarian community. It is owned by Le5 Communications, and branded as Le Loup 97.1.

CHYQ and its sister stations CHYK-FM in Timmins and CHYC-FM in Sudbury are the only francophone commercial stations programmed entirely in Ontario. Apart from commercials and local weather updates, the three stations now simulcast the same programming at virtually all times; although all three stations formerly produced their own individual morning shows and then each hosted a later daypart within a shared broadcast schedule for the remainder of the day, all of the stations are now programmed from Sudbury.

West Nipissing
West Nipissing is a municipality in Northeastern Ontario, Canada, on Lake Nipissing in the Nipissing District. It was formed on January 1, 1999, with the amalgamation of seventeen and a half former towns, villages, townships and unorganized communities.

It is the most bilingual community in Ontario, with 73.4% of its population fluent in both English and French.
Factor graph
A factor graph is a bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function.  In probability theory and its applications, factor graphs are used to represent factorization of a probability distribution function, enabling efficient computations, such as the computation of marginal distributions through the sum–product algorithm. One of the important success stories of factor graphs and the sum–product algorithm is the decoding of capacity-approaching error-correcting codes, such as LDPC and turbo codes.

Factor graphs generalize constraint graphs.  A factor whose value is either 0 or 1 is called a constraint. A constraint graph is a factor graph where all factors are constraints. The max-product algorithm for factor graphs can be viewed as a generalization of the  arc-consistency algorithm for constraint processing.

Constraint graph
In constraint satisfaction research in artificial intelligence and operations research, constraint graphs and hypergraphs are used to represent relations among constraints in a constraint satisfaction problem. A constraint graph is a special case of a factor graph, which allows for the existence of free variables.
Kathleen Wrsama
Kathleen Wrsama was an Ethiopian-born British community organiser. She acquired the last name of Wrsama through her marriage to Solomon Wrsama. More details about their joint work are set out in the Biography section below. As a child she moved to England and became a founding member of the Stepney Coloured Peoples Association, an organisation working to improve community relations, education and housing for black people. In 2018 she was cited by The Voice newspaper as one of eight black women – alongside Olive Morris, Connie Mark, Fanny Eaton, Diane Abbott, Lilian Bader, Margaret Busby and Mary Seacole – who have contributed to changing British history, although there has been little documentation of her life.

Connie Mark
Constance Winifred Mark, MBE, BEM (née McDonald, previously Goodridge; 21 December 1923 – 3 June 2007) was a Jamaican-born community organiser and activist. She served as a medical secretary in the Auxiliary Territorial Service in  World War II. After moving to England in the early 1950s, she became an activist for West Indians in London, after being denied her British Empire Medal. She worked to gain recognition for Black service personnel who were overlooked for their services and co-founded the Mary Seacole Memorial Association to bring recognition to the accomplishments of the noted Jamaican nurse.
Closure problem
In graph theory and combinatorial optimization, a closure of a directed graph is a set of vertices C, such that no edges leave C. The closure problem is the task of finding the maximum-weight or minimum-weight closure in a vertex-weighted directed graph.
It may be solved in polynomial time using a reduction to the maximum flow problem. It may be used to model various application problems of choosing an optimal subset of tasks to perform, with dependencies between pairs of tasks, one example being in open pit mining.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Alzey-Worms
Alzey-Worms (German pronunciation: [ˈaltsaɪˈvɔʁms]) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the district Groß-Gerau (Hesse), the city of Worms and the districts of Bad Dürkheim, Donnersbergkreis, Bad Kreuznach and Mainz-Bingen.

Bad Dürkheim (district)
Bad Dürkheim (German pronunciation: [ˌbaːt ˈdʏʁkhaɪm]; Palatine German: Därkem) is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) the districts of Kaiserslautern, Donnersbergkreis and Alzey-Worms, the city of Worms, the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, the city of Neustadt/Weinstraße, the districts of Südliche Weinstraße, the city of Landau (the Taubensuhl/Fassendeich forest part of the city), the district Südwestpfalz, and the city of Kaiserslautern.
KECR
KECR (910 AM) is a radio station licensed to El Cajon, California and serving the San Diego radio market. Owned by Family Radio, it carries a Christian talk and teaching radio format, along with traditional hymns and worship music. Programming comes from Family Radio, based in Franklin, Tennessee.

KECR broadcasts at 5,000 watts, using a directional antenna.  The transmitter site is near Moreno Avenue, north of Lakeside, California, near California State Route 67.  No local programming originates here, as the station airs the Family Radio Network continuously, except for the station identification.  It does however, have a backup radio studio at its transmission site, which is mainly used to carry out messages from the Emergency Alert System.  The seven-tower array transmitter site is shared with AM 1170 KCBQ, another Christian Radio station, owned by the Salem Media Group.

KCBQ
KCBQ (1170 AM  "The Answer") is a commercial radio station in San Diego, California.  It is owned by Salem Media Group and airs a conservative talk radio format.  Studios and offices are on Towne Center Drive in San Diego's University City area.  The transmitter is off Moreno Avenue in Lakeside, California.  By day, KCBQ operates at 50,000 watts, the maximum power for American AM stations.  Because KCBQ is not a clear-channel station, it must reduce its power at night to 2900 watts to avoid interfering with Class A stations KOTV in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and WWVA in Wheeling, West Virginia, both clear-channel stations. KCBQ uses a directional antenna at all times.

KCBQ used a Top 40 format in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, later airing country music and oldies formats in the 1980s and 1990s, before switching to talk.
Dominions cricket team
A Dominions cricket team, representing the Dominions of the British Empire, played nine cricket matches, all in England during wartime. The team was formed in June 1918 and played three matches against an England XI that summer, two at Lord's and one at Kennington Oval but these were not first-class. The team was revived in May 1943 and played six matches between then and August 1945. The team's sole first-class match was against England at Lord's in late August 1945. This was the seventh match of first-class status to be played in England since 1939.

Martin Donnelly (sportsman)
Martin Paterson Donnelly (17 October 1917 – 22 October 1999) was a New Zealand-born sportsman who played Test cricket for New Zealand and rugby union for England. He worked for Courtaulds in England and Sydney.