hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ronald Dalzell, 12th Earl of Carnwath
Ronald Arthur Dalzell, 12th Earl of Carnwath, (3 June 1883 – 15 July 1931), was the second but only surviving son of Robert Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath.

With the death of his elder brother in 1904, he became heir to his father's Earldom, and was then styled Lord Dalzell. He succeeded to the title of Earl of Carnwath upon his father's death on 8 March 1910. Posted to the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve with the outbreak of war in 1914 he was attached to the Air Service. Invalided out in 1915 he joined the Welsh Horse Yeomanry and served in France. Due to poor health he was exempted from duty in 1919. Married on 23 July 1910 to Maude Maitland Savile, the Earl had no children.

Upon Lord Carnwath's death in 1931, the Earldom passed to his uncle, Arthur Dalzell.

Earl of Carnwath
The title Earl of Carnwath is a title in the Peerage of Scotland,  created together with the subsidiary title of Lord Dalzell and Liberton, on 21 April 1639 for Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell. His father, Sir Robert Dalzell, had been raised to the Peerage as a Lord of Parliament when he was created Lord Dalzell on 18 September 1628, also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles refer to Carnwath in Lanarkshire, and Liberton in Edinburgh. The surname of Dalzell is pronounced /diːˈɛl/ ⓘ dee-EL.
Huahine starling
The Huahine starling (Aplonis diluvialis) is an extinct bird from the genus Aplonis within the starling family, Sturnidae. It was endemic to the island of Huahine, in the Society Islands of French Polynesia, and therefore had the easternmost distribution of all Aplonis species in the Pacific region.

Faʻahia
Faʻahia is an early Polynesian occupation site in the north-east of the island of Huahine, in the Society Islands, French Polynesia.  With the neighbouring Vaitoʻotia site, it dates to between 700 CE and 1200 CE.  Because much of the site is waterlogged, artefacts made of organic materials have been well preserved, including wooden patu hand clubs, canoe parts and adze handles.

Subfossil bird bones have also been well preserved, providing much new information about the avifauna of the island around the time it was first settled by humans, demonstrating that even small islands could hold a rich variety of bird species. Several excavations were conducted by Yosihiko H. Sinoto of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
Indoor hockey
Indoor hockey is an indoor variant of field hockey. It is similar to the outdoor game in that two teams compete to move a hard ball into the goal of the opposing side using hockey sticks. Indoor hockey is played on a smaller area and between smaller teams than field hockey and the sidelines are replaced by solid barriers from which the ball rebounds and remains in play.

It is traditionally and mainly played as a pastime by outdoor field hockey players during the off-season or when conditions are unsuitable for outdoor play. Indoor hockey is played in regular national and international championships. The first Indoor Hockey World Cup was organized in 2003. It included countries which do not compete at the highest level of the outdoor game.

Men's FIH Indoor Hockey World Cup
The Men's FIH Indoor Hockey World Cup is an international indoor hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The tournament was first held in 2003 and it is held every four years.
Bedriaga's rock lizard
Bedriaga's rock lizard (Archaeolacerta bedriagae) is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is monotypic within the genus Archaeolacerta. It is only found on the islands Corsica and Sardinia. The scientific name Lacerta bedriagae is also used. There are three recognized subspecies.

Lacertidae
The Lacertidae are the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to Afro-Eurasia. It is a diverse family with at about 360 species in 39 genera. They represent the dominant group of reptiles found in Europe.
Kan fibration
In mathematics, Kan complexes and Kan fibrations are part of the theory of simplicial sets. Kan fibrations are the fibrations of the standard model category structure on simplicial sets and are therefore of fundamental importance. Kan complexes are the fibrant objects in this model category. The name is in honor of Daniel Kan.

For various kinds of fibrations for simplicial sets, see Fibration of simplicial sets.

Homotopy hypothesis
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, Grothendieck's homotopy hypothesis states, homotopy theory speaking, that the ∞-groupoids are spaces.

One version of the hypothesis was claimed to be proved in the 1991 paper by Kapranov and Voevodsky. Their proof turned out to be flawed and their result in the form interpreted by Carlos Simpson is now known as the Simpson conjecture.

In higher category theory, one considers a space-valued presheaf instead of a set-valued presheaf in ordinary category theory. In view of homotopy hypothesis, a space here can be taken to an ∞-groupoid.
Houston County High School (Georgia)
Houston County High School (also colloquially referred to as HoCo and HCHS) is a public high school for grades 9-12 in the city of Warner Robins, Georgia, United States. It was founded in 1991 and is part of the Houston County School System.

The school offers volleyball, cheerleading, football, basketball, soccer, baseball, softball, swim, and tennis teams, the Black and Silver Brigade marching band, and an AFJROTC unit: GA-932.

Warner Robins, Georgia
Warner Robins (WRB; typically /ˈwɑːrnɜːr ˈrɑːbənz/ wore-nur-RAW-bins) is a city in Houston and Peach Counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the state's 11th-largest incorporated city, with a population of 85,830 according to the World Population Review.

The city is the main component of the Warner Robins metropolitan statistical area, including Houston, Peach, and Pulaski Counties, which had a census population of 201,469 in 2020. It is a component of the Macon–Warner Robins–Fort Valley combined statistical area, with an estimated 2018 population of 423,572. Robins Air Force Base, a U.S. Air Force maintenance and logistics complex that was founded as the Warner Robins Air Depot in 1942, is located east of the city limits. The base's expansion and the suburbanization of nearby Macon have led to the city's growth in the post-World War II era.
Lechea intermedia
Lechea intermedia is a species of pinweed in the family Cistaceae (rock-roses).  Common names for this species include large-pod pinweed, large-podded pinweed, intermediate pinweed, and round-fruited pinweed.

Lechea
Lechea (pinweed) is a genus in the family Cistaceae of the order Malvales. The genus contains about 18 species referred to as "pinweeds" primarily in eastern North America. Most are low-growing herbs with narrow leaves and many small flowers that resemble pinheads.

Linnaeus named the genus Lechea for Swedish botanist Johan Leche (1704–1764), who taught in Finland and is regarded as the father of Finnish meteorology and space research, based on his documentation of the northern lights and early measurements of air temperature in collaboration with Anders Celsius.
His Hand in Mine
His Hand in Mine is the fifth studio album by  American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released on November 23, 1960, by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, catalog number LPM/LSP 2328. It was the first of three gospel albums that Presley would issue during his lifetime. Recording sessions took place on October 30 and 31, 1960, at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee. The album peaked at #13 on the Top Pop Albums chart. It was certified Gold on April 9, 1969, and Platinum on March 27, 1992, by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Peace in the Valley (EP)
Peace in the Valley is an EP by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, released in April 1957 on RCA Victor Records in mono with catalogue number EPA 4054. It reached number three on the short-lived Billboard EP chart, number three on the album chart and  number 39 on the singles chart.
2010 Fed Cup World Group II
The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2010. Winning nations advanced to the World Group I play-offs, and losing nations were demoted to the World Group II play-offs.

2010 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2011 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2011 World Group II.
Guglielmo Imperiali
Marquis Guglielmo Imperiali (19 August 1858 – 20 January 1944) was an Italian nobleman and diplomat. A liberal associated with the political left, he was a scion of the conservative Imperiali family. His most important position was as the Italian ambassador in London during the First World War (1914–18).

Imperiali family
The House of Imperiali (or Imperiale) is an ancient princely noble family. It is one of the most important Italian noble families and was a key protagonist of European history among aristocratic families. Originating from the Republic of Genoa it was previously named Tartaro (10th century), and descends from the House of Ventimiglia. Also following the behavior of Captain Davide Imperiale during the Battle of Lepanto (7 October 1571), the family acquired much prestige in the Republic of Genoa and had among its members 4 doges. It was one of the most powerful families dominating the city's politics in the 17th and 18th century and owned a vast amount of land in Italy.
Unity Burial Ground
The Unity Burial Ground is a small graveyard located on the southeast end of White Plain in the Nichols section of Trumbull, Connecticut. It is located a few rods north of the site of the first meeting house that was built in the parish of Unity, off of White Plains Road. The cemetery was laid out in 1730 and the first burial was that of 7 year old Samuel Bennitt on June 21, 1731. There are over 110 gravestones, 90 unmarked field stones and 241 known grave sites, and most of the original stones face east. This is unusual, as it runs contrary to the common practice of placing stones so that they face the road. The latest known burial was for Charles E Booth Jr. on August 17, 1935.

Trumbull, Connecticut
Trumbull is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and borders on the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton, as well as the towns of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton and Monroe. The population was 36,827 during the 2020 census. The Trumbull area was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before the English settlement was made in 1639.

After independence, the successful American Yankees named the town after one of their own, Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), a merchant, Patriot (American soldier) and statesman. Aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky lived in Trumbull during his active years, when he designed, built, and flew fixed-wing aircraft and put the helicopter into mass production for the first time.
Jami'a Nooriyya Arabic College
Jami'a Nooriyya is an Arabic college, or an educational institute of higher religious learning, the equivalent of south Indian madrasa, located at Pattikkad, near Perinthalmanna in Malappuram district, Kerala. Established in 1963 by Sheikh Noorul Mashaikh Sayyid Ahmad Mohiuddin Jeelani R.A, the founder of the Jami'a, it is the premier orthodox or traditionalist Sunni-Shafi'i institution for the training of the Islamic scholars in Kerala.

Jami'a Nooriyya is managed by Samastha Kerala Jam'iyyat al-'Ulama', the principal Sunni-Shafi'i scholarly body in Kerala. The institute carries forward the old Ponnani tradition of scholar training. The Nizami curriculum used at Jami'a Nooriyya is a modified version of the syllabus utilized at the al-Baqiyyat-us-Salihat College at Vellore (with Shafi'i Law for Hanafi Law).

Jami'a Nooriyya celebrates its anniversary in February–March of every year.

Arabic College
Arabic Colleges in southern India refer to the educational institutes of higher Islamic learning. They are sometimes also known as Oriental Title Colleges in Kerala, and they are the near equivalent of north Indian madrasas. Graduates from Arabic Colleges can sit privately for the state recognized "Afzal-ul-Ulama" credential, which qualifies them to serve as Arabic Language teachers in state educational institutions.

A madrasa in Kerala is an extra-curricular institution where children receive basic Islamic education.

There are mainly two types of Arabic Colleges in Kerala—the 'traditionalist' Shafi'ite Arabic Colleges and the Salafi Movement-inspired Colleges. Most of the colleges come under the first category.

Arabic Colleges (based on funding and affiliation)

Government Grant Aided & State University Affiliated Arabic Colleges (Oriental Title Colleges)

Unaided & State University Affiliated Arabic Colleges

Unaided & Non-affiliated Arabic Colleges
Picea × albertiana
Picea × albertiana (Alberta spruce, Interior spruce, or hybrid white spruce) is a nothospecies that is a natural cross between white spruce and Engelmann spruce. It is a dominant forest species in interior British Columbia where the ranges of the two parent species overlap.

Picea engelmannii
Picea engelmannii, with the common names Engelmann spruce, mountain spruce, and silver spruce, is a species of spruce native to western North America. It is highly prized for producing distinctive tone wood for acoustic guitars and other instruments, it is mostly a high-elevation mountain tree but also appears in watered canyons.
Tigernán Ua Ruairc
Tighearnán Mór Ua Ruairc (older spelling: Tigernán Mór Ua Ruairc), anglicised as Tiernan O'Rourke (fl. 1124–1172) ruled the kingdom of Breifne as the 19th king in its Ua Ruairc (later O'Rourke) dynasty (964–1605 CE), a branch of the Uí Briúin.  As one of the provincial kings in Ireland in the twelfth century, he constantly expanded his kingdom through shifting alliances, of which the most long-standing was with Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair King of Connacht and High King of Ireland, and subsequently his son and successor Ruaidhrí Ua Conchobair. He is known for his role in the expulsion of Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster, from Ireland in 1166. Mac Murchada's subsequent recruitment of Marcher Lords to assist him in the recovery of his Kingdom of Leinster ultimately led to the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.

Kingdom of Meath
Meath (/miːð/ MEEDH; Modern Irish: Mí; Old Irish: Mide [ˈmʲiðʲe]) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD. Its name means "middle," denoting its location in the middle of the island.

At its greatest extent, it included all of County Meath (which takes its name from the kingdom), all of County Westmeath, and parts of counties Cavan, Dublin, Kildare, Longford, Louth and Offaly.
Ramgauri Sangralaya
Ram Gauri Sangralaya is a museum in Rhenock Bazar near Thakurbari Mandir (temple), in the administrative district of Pakyong District in the Indian state of Sikkim.  Sangralaya is home of the Sikkim Herald, the first government newspaper of Sikkim, which also collects stamps, coins, and newspapers. The Museum documents the political history of Sikkim.

Rhenock
Rhenock (Nepali pronunciation: [rinak]) is a town, just 29 km from Pakyong City in the Pakyong district in Sikkim, India, located on the border with the Kalimpong district of West Bengal. It lies 63 kilometres east of Gangtok, and 47 kilometres north of Kalimpong on the way to Jelepla Pass at an altitude of 1,040 metres. The Lepcha word Rhe-nock means Black Hill. Situated in the extreme east of Sikkim, Rhenock witnessed the establishment of the first police outpost in the state.
Acetylated starch
Acetylated starch, E1420 in the E number scheme of food additives, is a modified starch. These are not absorbed intact by the gut, but are significantly hydrolysed by intestinal enzymes and then fermented by intestinal microbiota.

Modified starch
Modified starch, also called starch derivatives, is prepared by physically, enzymatically, or chemically treating native starch to change its properties. Modified starches are used in practically all starch applications, such as in food products as a thickening agent, stabilizer or emulsifier; in pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant; or as binder in coated paper. They are also used in many other applications.

Starches are modified to enhance their performance in different applications and are one of the components of UPFs (Ultra Processed Foods). Starches may be modified to increase their stability against excessive heat, acid, shear, time, cooling, or freezing, to change their texture, to decrease or increase their viscosity, to lengthen or shorten gelatinization time or to increase their visco-stability.
Oregramma
Oregramma is a genus of "butterfly mimicking" lacewing in the extinct family Kalligrammatidae. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. It likely fed on pollen and plant juices, unlike modern lacewings, most of which are carnivorous.

Kalligrammatidae
Kalligrammatidae, sometimes known as kalligrammatids or kalligrammatid lacewings, is a family of extinct insects in the order Neuroptera (lacewings) that contains twenty genera and a number of species.  The family lived from the Middle Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous before going extinct.  Species of the family are known from Europe, Asia, and South America.  The family has been occasionally described as "butterflies of the Jurassic" based on their resemblance to modern butterflies in morphology and ecological niche.
J. M. Coetzee
John Maxwell Coetzee AC FRSL OMG (born 9 February 1940) is a South African and Australian novelist, essayist, linguist, and translator. The recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee is one of the most critically acclaimed and decorated authors in the English language. He has won the Booker Prize (twice), the CNA Literary Award (thrice), the Jerusalem Prize, the Prix Femina étranger, and The Irish Times International Fiction Prize, and holds a number of other awards and honorary doctorates.

Coetzee moved to Australia in 2002 and became an Australian citizen in 2006. He lives in Adelaide, South Australia. He is patron of the J. M. Coetzee Centre for Creative Practice at the University of Adelaide. His most recently published book is The Pole and Other Stories (2023).

2003 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the South African novelist John Maxwell Coetzee (born 1940), better known simply as J. M. Coetzee, "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider." He is the fourth African writer to be so honoured and the second South African after Nadine Gordimer in 1991.
Hydridonitride
In chemistry, a hydridonitride (nitridohydride, nitride hydride, or hydride nitride) is a chemical compound that contains both hydride (H−) and nitride (N3−) ions. These inorganic compounds are distinct from inorganic amides and imides as the hydrogen does not share a bond with nitrogen, and usually contain a larger proportion of metals.

Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all compounds containing covalently bound H atoms. In this broad and potentially archaic sense, water (H2O) is a hydride of oxygen, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, etc. In covalent compounds, it implies hydrogen is attached to a less electronegative element. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.

Almost all of the elements up to Cf form binary compounds with hydrogen, the exceptions being He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Pm, Rn, Fr, and Ra. Exotic molecules such as positronium hydride have also been made.
The White Man's Burden
"The White Man's Burden" (1899), by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) that exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country.

In "The White Man's Burden", Kipling encouraged the American annexation and colonisation of the Philippine Islands, a Pacific Ocean archipelago purchased in the three-month Spanish–American War (1898). As an imperialist poet, Kipling exhorts the American reader and listener to take up the enterprise of empire yet warns about the personal costs faced, endured, and paid in building an empire; nonetheless, American imperialists understood the phrase "the white man's burden" to justify imperial conquest as a civilising mission that is ideologically related to the continental expansion philosophy of manifest destiny of the early 19th century. With a central motif of the poem being the superiority of white men, it has long been criticised as a racist poem.

Imperialism
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power (military and economic power) and soft power (diplomatic power and cultural imperialism). Imperialism focuses on establishing or maintaining hegemony and a more formal empire.

While related to the concept of colonialism, imperialism is a distinct concept that can apply to other forms of expansion and many forms of government.
Old Port Macquarie Courthouse
Old Port Macquarie Courthouse is a heritage-listed former courthouse and now justice museum at Clarence Street (cnr), Port Macquarie, Port Macquarie-Hastings Council, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by James Barnet and built in 1869 by Butler and Bourne. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Port Macquarie
Port Macquarie (locally /məˈkwɒri/ mə-KWO-REE), sometimes shortened to Port Mac and commonly locally nicknamed Port, is a coastal city on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, 390 km (242 mi) north of Sydney, and 570 km (354 mi) south of Brisbane, on the Tasman Sea coast at the mouth of the Hastings River, and the eastern end of the Oxley Highway (B56). It had a population of 47,974 in 2018, and an estimated population of 51,965 in 2023.
Harmanpreet Singh
Harmanpreet Singh (born 6 January 1996) is an Indian field hockey player and captain of the national hockey team. He plays as a defender, is a penalty corner specialist, and is regarded as one of the best drag flickers in the world. He has scored the most number of international goals for India in modern day hockey. He led the team to clinch the bronze medal at the 2024 Paris Olympics. This was his second bronze in three appearances at the Olympics. Singh also captained the team to win a gold at the 2022 Asian Games. He has won the Player of the Year title at the FIH Awards thrice. He is popularly known as Sarpanch Saab by fans for his ability to lead the team towards victory.

2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup
The 2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup was the 11th edition of the Hockey Junior World Cup for men, an international field hockey tournament. It was held in Lucknow, India from 8–18 December 2016. A total of sixteen teams competed for the title.

Host nation India won the tournament for the second time after defeating Belgium 2–1 in the final. Germany won the third-place match by defeating Australia 3–0.
Seven Soldiers
Seven Soldiers is a 2005–2006 comic book metaseries written by Grant Morrison and published by DC Comics. It was published as seven interrelated mini-series and two bookend issues. The series features a new version of the Seven Soldiers of Victory fighting to save Earth from the Sheeda. The series has been interpreted as "an extended metafictional treatise on the writing and reading of comic books in general and the superhero genre in particular".

Merry Pemberton
Merry Pemberton, also known as Gimmick Girl and Merry, Girl of 1000 Gimmicks is a fictional character in the DC Comics Universe. She is the adoptive sister of Sylvester Pemberton. Merry Pemberton first appeared in Star-Spangled Comics #81 in June 1948, and ran through #90 (March 1949). She was created by writer Otto Binder.