hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yu Guangyuan
Yu Guangyuan (Chinese: 于光遠; pinyin: Yú Guāngyuǎn; born as 郁鐘正; pinyin: Yù Zhōngzhèng; 5 July 1915 – 23 September 2013) was a Chinese economist, philosopher, and a senior official of the People's Republic of China. Yu was recognized as one of the first proponents of the reform and opening up in China and the theory of "the Primary Stage of Socialism". He was a close adviser of and speech-writer for the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.

Yu was a senior member of the Political Research Office of the State Council, a deputy president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a deputy director of the State Science and Technology Commission of the State Council.

Chinese National Liberation Vanguard
The Chinese National Liberation Vanguard (Chinese: 中华民族解放先锋队), known in its abbreviation as "Minxian" (Chinese: 民先), was a youth organization created with the help of the Chinese Communist Party to broaden anti-Japanese alliance in the 1930s. The organization laid the foundation for both the National Salvation Youth Corps (Chinese: 青年救国会), and later the Communist Youth League of China.
Alan Bond
Alan Bond (22 April 1938 – 5 June 2015) was an English-born Australian businessman noted for his high-profile and often corrupt business dealings. These included his central role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s; the biggest corporate collapse in Australian history; and also his criminal conviction that saw him serve four years in prison. He is also remembered for bankrolling the successful challenge for the 1983 America's Cup, the first time the New York Yacht Club had lost it in its 132-year history. He also founded Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.

Lippo Centre (Hong Kong)
Lippo Centre (Chinese: 力寶中心; Jyutping: lik6 bou2 zung1 sam1), previously known as the Bond Centre (奔達中心; ban1 daat6 zung1 sam1), is a twin tower skyscraper complex completed in 1988 at 89 Queensway, in Admiralty on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong near Admiralty station. Tower I is 186 m (610.2 ft) with 46 storeys, and Tower II is 172 m (564.3 ft) with 42 storeys.
Fort Dundas
Fort Dundas was a short-lived British settlement on Melville Island between 1824 and 1828 in what is now the Northern Territory of Australia. It was the first of four British settlement attempts in northern Australia before Goyder's survey and establishment of Palmerston, now known as Darwin. The three later attempts were at Fort Wellington, Port Essington and Escape Cliffs.

Melville Island (Northern Territory)
Melville Island (Tiwi: Yermalner) is an island in the eastern Timor Sea, off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia. Along with Bathurst Island and nine smaller uninhabited islands, it forms part of the group known as the Tiwi Islands, which are under the jurisdiction of the Northern Territory in association with the Tiwi Land Council as the regional authority.
Paul the Apostle and Jewish Christianity
Since the 1970s, scholars have sought to place Paul the Apostle within his historical context in Second Temple Judaism. Paul's relationship to Judaism involves topics including the status of Israel's covenant with God and the role of works as a means to either gain or keep the covenant.

The inclusion of Gentiles into the early Christian movement provoked a controversy between Paul and other Apostles over whether the gentiles' faith in Christ exempted them from circumcision. Paul did not deem circumcision necessary for gentiles, because he thought that God included them into the New Covenant through faith in Christ. This brought him into conflict with the Judaizers, a faction of the Jewish Christians who believed Mosaic Law did require circumcision for Gentile converts. Eventually, adherents of Paul's view became more numerous, and this among other related developments led to the creation of Christianity as distinct from Judaism.

Abrogation of Old Covenant laws
In Christianity, the abrogation of Old Covenant laws is the belief that the entire Mosaic or Old Covenant as abrogated in that all of the Mosaic Laws are set aside for the Law of Christ. While most Christian theology reflects the view that at least some Mosaic Laws have been set aside (excluding the moral law as contained in Ten Commandments) under the New Covenant, the belief in total abrogation of the Old Covenant is a minority belief.

Individuals who believe that Old Covenant laws have been completely abrogated are referred to as antinomians by various Christian traditions, such as the Catholic, Reformed, and Methodist denominations of Christianity, which teach that the moral law continues to be binding on the faithful.
Valley Catholic School
Valley Catholic School is a private Roman Catholic school in Beaverton, Oregon, United States, within the Archdiocese of Portland.

The pre-K-12 school is a sponsored ministry of the Sisters of St. Mary of Oregon. Until 1991, it was an all-girls school and was named St. Mary of the Valley Academy (colloquially known as "St. Mary's"), but at the start of the 1991–1992 school year boys were admitted for the first time, and the school was renamed Valley Catholic School.

Valley Catholic has been accredited through the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools since 1965.

Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon
The Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon (Archidioecesis Portlandensis in Oregonia) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western Oregon in the United States.

Established in 1846, it was the second Catholic archdiocese established in the United States after the Archdiocese of Baltimore. In 2004, during a sexual abuse scandal, it became the first archdiocese to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

The mother church of the archdiocese is Saint Mary's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Portland. As of 2023, the archbishop of Portland is Alexander Sample.
Conia-ene reaction
In organic chemistry, the Conia-ene reaction is an intramolecular cyclization reaction between an enolizable carbonyl such as an ester or ketone and an alkyne or alkene, giving a cyclic product with a new carbon-carbon bond. As initially reported by J. M. Conia and P. Le Perchec, the Conia-ene reaction is a heteroatom analog of the ene reaction that uses an enol as the ene component. Like other pericyclic reactions, the original Conia-ene reaction required high temperatures to proceed, limiting its wider application. However, subsequent improvements, particularly in metal catalysis, have led to significant expansion of reaction scope. Consequently, various forms of the Conia-ene reaction have been employed in the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.

Ene reaction
In organic chemistry, the ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction by its discoverer Kurt Alder in 1943) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.

This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been also developed, which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures.
Bridge in Upper Merion Township
Bridge in Upper Merion Township is a historic stone arch bridge located at Gulph Mills in Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania. The bridge crosses Gulph Creek, and was built in 1789. It has a single 20-foot-long (6.1 m) span with a width of 34 feet (10.4 m), and an overall length of 100-foot  (30 m).

The bridge's datestone features an archaic spelling of Federal:

The Bridge in Upper Merion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. As of August 2021, it was the fifth-oldest bridge in use in the United States.

In 2021, the bridge structure was repaired and rehabilitated by contractor J.D. Eckman, with 100% funding from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, also known as PennDOT.

The bridge looking northwest, from Balligomingo Road. Following the rerouting of South Gulph Road to bypass Gulph Mills, this section of PA Rte 320 North was renamed Trinity Lane.

The bridge looking southeast, to the intersection with Balligomingo Road (background, left).

Gulph Mills, Pennsylvania
Gulph Mills is an unincorporated community in Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Located between the Borough of West Conshohocken and King of Prussia, it is served by the Upper Merion Area School District.

The Norristown High Speed Line has a station in Gulph Mills.
2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio were held on Tuesday, November 7, 2006 to elect the 18 U.S. representatives from the state of Ohio, one from each of the state's 18 congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a gubernatorial election.

Ohio was one of seven states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2006, the other states being Indiana, New Mexico, Nevada, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin.

2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa
In Iowa, midterm elections for the state's five congressional seats took place November 7, 2006. Each race was contested, pitting the winners of the Republican and Democratic primaries conducted June 6.

The Democratic Party won three of the five seats up for grabs. In the 2nd district, 30-year incumbent Jim Leach, a Republican, was unseated by newcomer Dave Loebsack, a Democrat.

Iowa was one of seven states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2006, the other states being New Mexico, Nevada, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Wisconsin.
Antonio Benedetto Carpano
Antonio Benedetto Carpano (1764, Bioglio (Biella) – 1815, Turin) was an Italian distiller, famous for having invented vermouth and consequently the apéritif.

In 1786, Antonio Benedetto Carpano invented modern Vermouth in Turin, made from white wine added to an infusion of herbs and spices, in more than 30 varieties. It was sweetened with spirit, which he believed would be a more suitable beverage for ladies than the local red wines. Vermouth proved so popular that soon his shop was open 24 hours a day.

The Carpano brand is now produced and distributed by Fratelli Branca Distillerie of Milan, and includes: Carpano Classico Vermuth, Carpano Bianco, Carpano Antica Formula and the original aperitive "Punt e Mes".

Punt e Mes
Punt e Mes (from Piedmontese: pont e mes [ˈpʊŋt e ˈmez], "[one] point and a half") is an Italian vermouth. It is dark brown in color and has a bitter flavor.  According to its producer, the name refers to the flavor being characterized as half a "point" of bitterness and one "point" of sweetness.

It can be used as a substitute for regular rosso vermouth in such drinks as the Americano, Manhattan, Negroni, and Boulevardier. Punt e Mes has a strong, distinctive flavor, half-way between regular rosso vermouth and Campari. Punt e Mes was made by the Carpano family from Turin until 2001, when Distillerie Fratelli Branca of Milan bought it.
Insular G
Insular G (majuscule: Ᵹ, minuscule: ᵹ) is a form of the letter g somewhat resembling an ezh, used in the medieval insular script of  Great Britain and Ireland. It was first used in the Roman Empire in Roman cursive, then it appeared in Irish half uncial (insular) script, and after it had passed into Old English, it developed into the Middle English letter yogh (Ȝ ȝ). Middle English, having reborrowed the familiar Carolingian g from the Continent, began to use the two forms of g as separate letters.

Carolingian G
The Carolingian G or French G is the evolved classical form of the letter G that was in use in most Middle English alphabets. The other form scholars and writers familiar with Celtic Britain generally knew and could use, and in the furthest places in Britain away from England exclusively used domestically, was the insular (or Irish) G, which could bear a well-understood extra phonetic sense, when writing of the local people, places and language. Unlike the vowel u and consonants which could appear ambiguous such as s, it had no special rules as to choice of letter in Middle English orthography.

The form is named for the Carolingian minuscule script, an exemplar of its use and which features in papal manuscripts.
Susoctocog alfa
Susoctocog alfa, sold under the brand name Obizur, is a medication used for the treatment of bleeding episodes in adults with acquired haemophilia, a bleeding disorder caused by the spontaneous development of antibodies that inactivate factor VIII.

Susoctocog alfa was approved for medical use in the United States in October 2014, and for medical use in the European Union in November 2015.

Factor VIII is one of the proteins needed for normal clotting of the blood.

Factor VIII (medication)
Factor VIII, an essential blood coagulation protein, is used as a medication to treat and prevent bleeding in people with hemophilia A and other causes of low factor VIII. Certain preparations may also be used in those with von Willebrand's disease. It is given by slow injection into a vein.

Side effects include skin flushing, shortness of breath, fever, and red blood cell breakdown. Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis may occur. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. A purified factor VIII concentrate is made from human blood plasma. A recombinant version is also available. People may develop antibodies to factor VIII such that this medication becomes less effective.

Factor VIII was first identified in the 1940s and became available as a medication in the 1960s. Recombinant factor VIII was first made in 1984 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1992. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Art Mazmanian
Arthur S. Mazmanian (May 1, 1927 – March 22, 2019) was an American baseball coach and manager. He was the longtime baseball coach at Dorsey High School of Los Angeles, his alma mater, then spent 31 seasons (1968–98) as head coach of baseball at Mount San Antonio College of Walnut, California, where his teams won 709 games and had only two losing campaigns. He also was a second baseman, scout, instructor and manager in professional baseball from 1949 through 1987. He died at the age of 91 on March 22, 2019.

Susan Miller Dorsey High School
Susan Miller Dorsey High School, commonly referred to as Dorsey High School, is a secondary public school located in the Baldwin Hills area of Los Angeles, California. It is a part of the Los Angeles Unified School District.
Cold Blue Rebels
Cold Blue Rebels is an American four piece psychobilly band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2009 by members of Jetboy, The Zeros and Glamour Punks. To date, the band has released two albums and one digital EP.

The Zeros (American glam punk band)
The Zeros, originally known as The Double "O" Zeros, were an American glam metal and glam punk band from New Jersey. Characterized by their matching purple hair, the band was a prominent figure on the Hollywood club scene of the late 1980s – early 1990s. In 1991 the band's record label Restless Records had the nightclubs Whisky a Go Go and Coconut Teaszer painted purple to commemorate the release of their album 4-3-2-1 The Zeros.
Gian Galeazzo Visconti
Gian Galeazzo Visconti (16 October 1351 – 3 September 1402), was the first duke of Milan (1395) and ruled that late-medieval city just before the dawn of the Renaissance. He also ruled Lombardy jointly with his uncle Bernabò. He was the founding patron of the Certosa di Pavia, completing the Visconti Castle at Pavia begun by his father and furthering work on the Duomo of Milan. He conquered a large area in the Po valley of northern Italy. He threatened war with France in relation to the transfer of Genoa to French control as well as issues with his beloved daughter Valentina. When he died of fever in the Castello of Melegnano, his children fought with each other and fragmented the territories that he had ruled.

Galeazzo II Visconti
Galeazzo II Visconti (c. 1320 – 4 August 1378) was a member of the Visconti dynasty and a ruler of Milan, Italy. His most notable military campaigns were against Pope Gregory XI, around 1367. These battles fought between the papacy and the Visconti family ultimately ended in a peace treaty. Politically active, he expanded the power of his family, where the Visconti first became hereditary rulers of Milan starting in 1349. He is remembered in conjunction with his patronage of intellectuals and writers, from his sponsorship of Petrarch to the founding of the University of Pavia in 1361. Galeazzo II Visconti, and his brother Bernabò, are credited with the institution of the Quaresima Torture Protocol, a vicious means of torture.
Vityaz Ice Palace
Vityaz Ice Palace (Russian: Ледовый дворец «Витязь») is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Vityaz Podolsk and its junior team : Russkie Vityazi are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team.

55°25′12.99″N 37°30′56.80″E﻿ / ﻿55.4202750°N 37.5157778°E﻿ / 55.4202750; 37.5157778

HC Vityaz
Hockey Club Vityaz Moscow Region (ХК Витязь) were a professional ice hockey club based in Balashikha, Russia. They competed as a member of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). In the first few seasons of the KHL, the team was widely known for playing a tough and physical North American-influenced style of ice hockey. As an inaugural member of the KHL and after 17 seasons in the league, Vityaz announced their initial withdrawal for the 2025–26 season due to financial constraints, on 24 June 2025.
Ratcliff Highway murders
The Ratcliff Highway murders (sometimes Ratcliffe Highway murders) were two attacks on two separate families – the Marr and Williamson families – that resulted in seven fatalities. The two attacks occurred twelve days apart in December 1811, in homes located half a mile apart near the East End area of Wapping, London, England, United Kingdom. The main suspect in the slayings, John Williams, killed himself before he could be put on trial.

The Maul and the Pear Tree
The Maul and the Pear Tree: The Ratcliffe Highway Murders, 1811 is a true crime book by the British historian T. A. Critchley and the mystery writer P. D. James about the Ratcliff Highway murders, published in 1971. According to the publisher's blurb, it is "one of the most elegant exercises in literary historical detection since Josephine Tey's The Daughter of Time". James and Critchley worked together as civil servants at the Home Office and were able to draw upon original sources when writing the book.
Mysore-Ooty Road
Mysore-Ooty Road or Mysore-Udhagamandalam Road is a tourist trail of South India starting from Mysore in Karnataka state and ending in Udhagamandalam in Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu state, India. Both routes pass through Bandipur National park in Gundlupet, Karnataka and Mudumalai National Park in Tamil Nadu.

At the crossing there are statues of a tiger, a leopard, a gaur, a deer and an elephant.

National Highway 181 (India)
National Highway 181, commonly referred to as NH 181, (Earlier NH-67) is a highway connecting the city of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu to Gundlupete in Karnataka state, South India. The city of Mysuru is connected to Ooty by road via Nanjanagudu, Gundlupete, Bandipur and Gudalur. The national highway 181 passes through Bandipur Tiger Reserve (National Park) and Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, hence vehicular traffic is restricted at night from 9 p.m to 6 a.m. Wild animals like elephants, bison, bears, tiger, and leopards can be spotted sometimes on this highway in the tiger reserve stretches. NH 181 after Ooty goes to Coonoor, Mettupalayam, Karamadai and ends in Coimbatore city.
Winnipeg (bear)
Winnipeg (1914 – 12 May 1934), or Winnie, was the name given to a female black bear that lived at London Zoo from 1915 until her death in 1934. Purchased from a hunter by cavalry veterinarian Harry Colebourn, Winnie is best-remembered for inspiring the name of A. A. Milne and E. H. Shepard's character, Winnie-the-Pooh.

Fort Garry Horse
The Fort Garry Horse is a Canadian Army Reserve armoured regiment based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is part of 3rd Canadian Division's 38 Canadian Brigade Group. It traces its history to a cavalry regiment first formed in 1912 that first took up the name "Fort Garry" a year afterwards. Since that time the regiment has served in the First World War, sending men to battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, and as an armoured regiment in the Second World War.
HMS M32
HMS M32 was an M29-class monitor of the Royal Navy.

The availability of ten 6 inch Mk XII guns from the Queen Elizabeth-class battleships in 1915 prompted the Admiralty to order five scaled down versions of the M15-class monitors, which had been designed to use 9.2 inch guns.  HMS M32 and her sisters were ordered from Harland & Wolff, Belfast in March 1915.  However, HMS M32 and her sister HMS M33 were sub-contracted to the nearby Workman Clark Limited shipyard. Launched on 22 May 1915, she was completed in June 1915.

Upon completion, HMS M32 was sent to the Mediterranean. She later took part in the Battle of Jaffa and remained there until March 1919.  She served from May to September 1919 in support of British and White Russian forces in the White Sea, before returning to England.

HMS M32 was sold on 29 January 1920 for use as an oil tanker, and named Ampat.

M29-class monitor
The M29 class comprised five monitors of the Royal Navy, all built and launched during 1915.

The ships of this class were ordered in March, 1915, as part of the Emergency War Programme of ship construction.  The contract for construction was granted to Harland & Wolff, Belfast, who sub-contracted the construction of M32 and M33 to Workman, Clark and Company.

The main armament of the ships, two 6-inch Mk XII guns, came from guns originally intended for the five Queen Elizabeth-class battleships which became surplus when their aft casemate mountings turned out to be unworkable and were dispensed with.
Circle, Montana
Circle is a town in and the county seat of McCone County, Montana, United States. The population was 591 at the 2020 census.

The community was so named because a rancher there branded his cattle with the image of a circle.

Montana Highway 200
Montana Highway 200 (MT 200) in the U.S. state of Montana is a route running east–west, across the entire state of Montana. From the starting point at ID 200, near Heron, the highway runs east to ND 200 near Fairview. It is part of a chain of state highways numbered 200 that extend from Idaho across Montana, North Dakota, and Minnesota, totaling approximately 1,356 miles (2,182 km) long. At 706.272 mi (1,136.635 km), Montana Highway 200 is also the longest route signed as a state highway in the United States. Highway 200 helps to connect many small towns located in central Montana and the vast plains area of eastern Montana, to larger western Montana cities such as Great Falls and Missoula.