hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Topological property
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a topological property or topological invariant is a property of a topological space that is invariant under homeomorphisms. Alternatively, a topological property is a proper class of topological spaces which is closed under homeomorphisms. That is, a property of spaces is a topological property if whenever a space X possesses that property every space homeomorphic to X possesses that property. Informally, a topological property is a property of the space that can be expressed using open sets.

A common problem in topology is to decide whether two topological spaces are homeomorphic or not. To prove that two spaces are not homeomorphic, it is sufficient to find a topological property which is not shared by them.

Characteristic class
In mathematics, a characteristic class is a way of associating to each principal bundle of X a cohomology class of X. The cohomology class measures the extent to which the bundle is "twisted" and whether it possesses sections. Characteristic classes are global invariants that measure the deviation of a local product structure from a global product structure. They are one of the unifying geometric concepts in algebraic topology, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry.

The notion of characteristic class arose in 1935 in the work of Eduard Stiefel and Hassler Whitney about vector fields on manifolds.
Engelberg
Engelberg (lit.: mountain of angel(s)) is a village resort and a municipality in the canton of Obwalden in Switzerland. Alongside the central village of Engelberg, the municipality encompasses additional settlements, including Grafenort, Oberberg and Schwand.

The municipality of Engelberg is an exclave, entirely encircled by the neighboring cantons of Bern, Nidwalden and Uri.

Engelberg is a mountain resort in Central Switzerland. In the Middle Ages, the area garnered recognition for its Benedictine monastery, known as Engelberg Abbey. As time progressed, particularly from the 19th century onwards, Engelberg became a well-known mountain resort. The city of Lucerne serves as the nearest major urban center.

While the official language of Engelberg is German, the predominant spoken language is the local variation of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Surenen Pass
The Surenen Pass (German: Surenenpass) is a high mountain pass across the Urner Alps in the canton of Uri in Central Switzerland. The pass crosses the col between the Blackenstock (2915 m) and the Eggenmanndli (2448 m) peaks, at an elevation of 2,292 m (7,520 ft).

The pass is traversed by a trail, which connects the village of Altdorf, in the canton of Uri (460 m (1,510 ft)), with the village of Engelberg, in the canton of Obwalden (1,000 m (3,300 ft)). The trail forms part of the Alpine Pass Route, a long-distance hiking trail across Switzerland between Sargans to the east and Montreux to the west of Switzerland.
Lilyvale railway tunnels
Lilyvale railway tunnels are heritage-listed railway tunnels on the Illawarra railway line at Lilyvale, City of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built by the then-New South Wales Government Railways. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Lilyvale, New South Wales
Lilyvale is a locality in New South Wales on the northern periphery of the Wollongong local government area, south of Sydney. Most of the locality is now in the Royal National Park and Garawarra State Conservation Area. The former Lilyvale village centre, which at one stage had a population of about 200 people, was at Lilyvale railway station (1890 to 1989) on the South Coast railway between Helensburgh and Otford.
Furhat Robotics
Furhat Robotics is a Swedish social robotics company. The company develops Furhat, a table-top humanoid social robot, and Misty II, a social robot used in healthcare and education. Originally a spin-off company from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Furhat's platforms have been used academic research in fields such as cognitive science, psychology, human-computer interaction, and embodied AI. Its technology has also been used in applied contexts including customer service, education, healthcare, and recruitment.

Furhat
Furhat is a back-projected humanoid social robot developed by the Swedish company Furhat Robotics. It is used to facilitate face-to-face interaction between humans and AI by using a combination of projection technology, speech capabilities, and simulated social behaviors that mimic lifelike conversations. It has been deployed in sectors including education, healthcare, recruitment, and transport, and has been used in studies of social robotics at several universities.
Poetelia gens
The gens Poetelia or Poetilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens are first mentioned in the time of the Decemvirs, and from thence down to the Second Punic War, they regularly held the chief magistracies of the Roman state.  After this, however, they fade into obscurity, and are only occasionally mentioned.  The nomen Poetelius is sometimes confused with Petillius, and can be found with either a single or double 'l'.

Petillia gens
The gens Petillia or Petilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.  Members of this gens first appear in history at the beginning of the second century BC, and the first to obtain the consulship was Quintus Petillius Spurinus in 176 BC.
Robert Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford
Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford (1 April 1274 – 24 June 1314), of Appleby Castle, Westmorland, feudal baron of Appleby and feudal baron of Skipton in Yorkshire, was an English soldier who became 1st Lord Warden of the Marches, responsible for defending the English border with Scotland.

Vieuxpont
Vipont (alias Vieuxpont) is the name of a prominent family in the history of Westmorland. According to Thomas
 the name originated in France before 1066 as Vieuxpont  ("Old Bridge"), Latinized to de Vetere Ponte ("from the Old Bridge"), with alternative spellings Vezpont, Veepon, Vexpont, Vypont, Vispont, Vypunt, Vespont, Vipond, Vypond, Voypond, Veepond, Vippond, Vipon, Vipan, Vipen, etc. The Vipont family bore arms: Gules, six annulets or 3:2:1, later quartered by Baron Clifford.
Lady's Island (South Carolina)
Lady's Island is a predominantly residential Sea Island located in Beaufort County, South Carolina. Small portions of the island are within the City of Beaufort, while the majority of the island remains unincorporated. The South Carolina Highway 802, also known locally as Sams Point Road, serves as the principal highway for Lady's Island and provides the only access to Coosaw Island.

Beaufort, South Carolina
Beaufort (/ˈbjuːfərt/ BEW-fərt) is a city in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States, and its county seat. Chartered in 1711, it is the second-oldest city in South Carolina, behind Charleston. The city's population was 13,607 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hilton Head Island metropolitan area.

Beaufort is located on Port Royal Island, in the heart of the Sea Islands and South Carolina Lowcountry. The city is renowned for its scenic location and for maintaining a historic character by preservation of its antebellum architecture. The prominent role of Beaufort and the surrounding Sea Islands during the Reconstruction era after the U.S. Civil War is memorialized by the Reconstruction Era National Monument, established in 2017. The city is also known for its military establishments, being located in close proximity to Parris Island, a U.S. naval hospital, and the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort.
County Road 615 (Indian River County, Florida)
County Road 615 (CR 615), or 66th Avenue, is a 7.6-mile (12.2 km) major north–south county road in Indian River County, Florida. Starting at State Road 60 (SR 60) in West Vero Corridor, CR 615 heads North until eventually ending at CR 510 in Wabasso. The county road was built in 1951.

CR 615 mainly passes through rural areas in Indian River County.

County Road 510 (Indian River County, Florida)
County Road 510 (CR 510), or Wabasso Road, is a 5.88-mile (9.46 km) major east–west county road in Indian River County, Florida. CR 510 connects Interstate 95 (I-95) with beach access via the State Road 510 (SR 510) causeway. A project to create an overpass over U.S. Highway 1 (US 1) to SR 510 is currently being proposed to reduce congestion.
Gran Canaria
Gran Canaria (UK: /ˌɡræn kəˈnɛəriə, -ˈnɑːr-/, US: /ˌɡrɑːn kəˈnɑːriə, -ˈnɛər-/; Spanish: [ɡɾaŋ kaˈnaɾja] ⓘ), also Grand Canary Island, is the third-largest and second-most-populous island of the Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago off the Atlantic coast of Northwest Africa. As of 2023 the island had a population of 862,893 that constitutes approximately 40% of the population of the archipelago. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the capital of the island, is the largest city of the Canary Islands and the ninth-largest city of Spain.

Gran Canaria is located in the Atlantic Ocean in a region known as Macaronesia about 150 kilometres (93 mi) off the northwestern coast of Africa and about 1,350 km (840 mi) from Europe. With an area of 1,560 km2 (600 sq mi) and an altitude of 1,956 m (6,417 ft) at Morro de la Agujereada, Gran Canaria is the third largest island of the archipelago in both area and altitude. Gran Canaria is also the third most populated island in Spain.

Port of Las Palmas
Port of Las Palmas (also called La Luz Port; Spanish: Puerto de Las Palmas or Puerto de La Luz) is port for fishing, commercial, passenger and sports boats in the city of Las Palmas in the north-east of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. For five centuries, the Port of Las Palmas has been the traditional base for scale and supplying ships on their way through the Middle Atlantic.
WION
WION (/ˈwi.ɑːn/, WEE-ahn; World is One News) is an Indian English language news channel headquartered in Noida, India. WION is owned by the Essel Group and is a part of the Zee Media network of channels, whose majority owner is Subhash Chandra and family. As of 2021, WION had presence in over 190 countries.

It has faced scrutiny from multiple foreign countries including China and Canada over its coverage, and in 2022 was blocked from YouTube for a period of time for broadcasting a speech by Sergey Lavrov, the head of Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The channel's former Pakistan bureau chief was forced into exile after a failed kidnapping attempt in Islamabad. The channel has been accused of promoting misinformation regarding COVID-19.

Essel Group
Essel Group (also known as Zee Group) is an Indian media conglomerate, headquartered in Mumbai, India. The group has had business interests in mass media, infrastructure and packaging. Founded in 1926 as the Messrs Ramgopal Indraprasad by Jagannath Goenka, the company was expanded and converted into the Essel Group of Industries by his grandson, Subhash Chandra. 
Chandra is part of the Goenka (Goel) family which owns and operates the group; he was also the chairman of the company and a former member of the Rajya Sabha.

Experiencing financial troubles in 2019, Essel sold off several of its assets, including Essel Propack and stakes in Zee Entertainment Enterprises.
Dexbrompheniramine/pseudoephedrine
Dexbrompheniramine/pseudoephedrine (trade name Drixoral) is a combination medication that contains the antihistamine dexbrompheniramine maleate and the decongestant pseudoephedrine sulfate. It was used to treat symptoms associated with allergies and colds such as itchy and watery eyes, runny nose, nasal and sinus congestion, and sneezing. Because it contains pseudoephedrine, its purchase in the United States was severely restricted by the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 over fears that any product containing pseudoephedrine can be used to make methamphetamine.

Dexbrompheniramine
Dexbrompheniramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It is the pharmacologically active dextrorotatory isomer of brompheniramine. It was formerly marketed in combination with pseudoephedrine under the name Drixoral in the US and Canada. It is an alkylamine antihistamine.

Dexbrompheniramine is a first generation antihistamine that reduces the effects of the neurotransmitter histamine in the body; sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.
Nancy Blackett
Nancy Blackett is a fictional character in nine of the twelve juvenile novels in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of books.  She acts as captain of the dinghy, Amazon and usually directing her friends in their various adventures.  Nancy apparently has no real-world counterpart as an inspirational source for Ransome but appears to be completely the author's creation.  Nancy is sometimes critically viewed as a subversive character for girl readers.  The character appeared in a 1963 BBC television adaptation of Swallows and Amazons as well as in the 1974 and 2016 film adaptations of the book.

The Picts and the Martyrs
The Picts and the Martyrs is the eleventh book in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. It was published in 1943. This is the last completed book set in the Lake District and features the Blackett sisters, the Amazons and the Callum siblings, Dick and Dorothea, known as the Ds. Ransome's most native character, the Great Aunt also features prominently as do many aspects of Lakeland life. The Dog's Home is based on a small stone hut built in the woods above Coniston Water close to Ransome's then residence.
Lacida
The Lacida, also called LCD, was a Polish rotor cipher machine.  It was designed and produced before World War II by Poland's Cipher Bureau for prospective wartime use by Polish military higher commands. Lacida was also known as Crypto Machine during a TNMOC Virtual Talk.

Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic state-of-the-art for much of the 20th century; they were in widespread use from the 1920s to the 1970s. The most famous example is the German Enigma machine, the output of which was deciphered by the Allies during World War II,  producing intelligence code-named Ultra.
Ponta do Sinó Lighthouse
Farol da Ponta do Sinó is a lighthouse near Ponta do Sinó, the southernmost point of the island of Sal, Cape Verde. It is around 2 km southwest of the center of Santa Maria. The tower is quadrangular and is 9 meters tall and is made out of concrete, it has an outer staircase and features a lantern.  All of the exterior are painted in white. The lighthouse was built in 1892. In early 2013, a second building with the same style was constructed and was finished before 2014 and became activated as the lighthouse moved to its new location. The lighthouse appears in the seminal 1983 movie Sans Soleil by French film maker Chris Marker.

Ponta do Sinó
Ponta do Sinó is the southernmost point of the island of Sal in Cape Verde. It lies 2 km southwest of Santa Maria city centre. The area north of the headland is a protected area: nature reserve Ponta do Sinó, at the edge of a large tourism development zone. There is a lighthouse on the headland, Farol da Ponta do Sinó, built in 1892.
Royal Sea Bathing Hospital
The Royal Sea Bathing Hospital in Margate, Kent was founded in 1791 by Dr John Coakley Lettsom, a Quaker physician and philanthropist, for the treatment of scrofula.

The hospital was one of the earliest—if not the earliest—specialist orthopaedic hospital in the UK, and pioneered the use of open-air treatment for patients with non-pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients received a variety of treatments, with a central focus on providing patients with the supposed clinical benefits of sunshine, fresh air and sea bathing.

Margate
Margate is a seaside town in the Thanet District of Kent, England. It is located on the north coast of Kent and covers an area of 2 miles (3 kilometres) long, 16 miles (26 kilometres) north-east of Canterbury and includes Cliftonville, Garlinge, Palm Bay and Westbrook. In 2011 it had a population of 61,223.

The town has been a significant maritime port since the Middle Ages, and was associated with Dover as part of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century. It became a popular place for holidaymakers in the 18th century, owing to easy access via the Thames, and later with the arrival of the railways. Popular landmarks include the sandy beaches and the Dreamland amusement park. During the late 20th century, the town went into decline along with other British seaside resorts, but attempts are being made to revitalise the economy.
Buhlendorf
Buhlendorf (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːləndɔʁf]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the town Zerbst.

Zerbst
Zerbst (German pronunciation: [ˈtsɛʁpst] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Until an administrative reform in 2007, Zerbst was the capital of the former Anhalt-Zerbst district.
Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament – Group B
Group B of the men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics took place from 26 July to 1 August 2012 in Cardiff's Millennium Stadium, Coventry's Ricoh Arena (referred to as City of Coventry Arena because of prohibitions around advertising), London's Wembley Stadium and Newcastle's St James' Park. The group contained Gabon, Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland.

Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament
The men's football tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was held in London and five other cities in Great Britain from 26 July to 11 August. Associations affiliated with FIFA were invited to enter their men's U-23 teams in regional qualifying competitions, from which 15 teams, plus the hosts Great Britain, reached the final tournament. Men's teams were allowed to augment their squads with three players over the age of 23. It was the first men's Olympic football tournament to feature a team representing Great Britain since the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The competition also marked Uruguay's men's football team's first Olympic appearance since 1928, when it won its second consecutive gold medal.

The gold medal was won by Mexico who defeated Brazil 2–1 in the final.
Bahan Township
Bahan Township (Burmese: ဗဟန်း မြို့နယ်, pronounced [bəháɰ̃ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is located in the north central part of Yangon. The township comprises 22 wards, and shares borders with Yankin Township and Mayangon Township in the north, Sanchaung Township and Kamayut Township in the west, Tamwe Township in the east, and Dagon Township and Mingala Taungnyunt Township in the south.

Bahan is one of the most prosperous townships in Yangon. Shwetaunggya (formerly, Golden Valley), Sayarsan Road and Inya Myaing are three of Yangon's most exclusive neighborhoods.

Tamwe Township
Tamwe Township (also Tarmwe Township; Burmese: တာမွေ မြို့နယ်, pronounced [tàmwè mjo̰nɛ̀]) is located in east central Yangon, Myanmar. The township comprises 20 wards, and shares borders with Yankin Township in the north, Thingangyun Township and Mingala Taungnyunt Township in the east, Bahan Township in the west, and Mingala Taungnyunt township in the south.
Made in America (2013 film)
Made in America is a 2013 American documentary film directed by Ron Howard, about the music festival of the same name founded by Jay-Z. It was screened in the Mavericks section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. Howard said the festival documentary will be "a reflection of the fabric of what it means to be 'Made in America'—what the festival represents, why Jay is doing it and how he relates to each artist." The documentary features performances from  Pearl Jam, Odd Future, Dirty Projectors, Skrillex, Santigold, Janelle Monáe, and Run-DMC.

Made in America Festival
The Made in America Festival is a two-day music festival held every Labor Day weekend on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was first announced by entertainer Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter at Philadelphia Museum of Art on May 14, 2012.

In 2014, the Los Angeles, California edition was added to the Made in America Festival, hence marking the first multi-day music festival staged simultaneously on opposite ends of the United States.

The event has been held annually since 2012, except in 2020 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and in 2023, which was cancelled due to other complications beyond the organizers' control. It was announced that the festival would be cancelled yet again for 2024 on April 3, 2024.
Ayabe Station
Ayabe Station (綾部駅, Ayabe-eki) is an interchange passenger railway station located in the city of Ayabe, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The station serves limited expresses "Kinosaki", Maizuru" and Hashidate".

Hashidate
The Hashidate (はしだて) is a limited express train service operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Japan. One of the services making up JR West's "Kitakinki Big X Network" in northern Kansai, it connects Kyoto Station, Amanohashidate Station and Toyooka Station via the Sanin Main Line and Kyoto Tango Railway's Miyafuku Line and Miyatoyo (Miyazu) Line. The color associated with the service is red.
Quaternionic projective space
In mathematics, quaternionic projective space is an extension of the ideas of real projective space and complex projective space, to the case where coordinates lie in the ring of quaternions  Quaternionic projective space of dimension n is usually denoted by

and is a closed manifold of (real) dimension 4n. It is a homogeneous space for a Lie group action, in more than one way. The quaternionic projective line  is homeomorphic to the 4-sphere.

Real projective space
In mathematics, real projective space, denoted ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ is the topological space of lines passing through the origin 0 in the real space ⁠⁠ It is a compact, smooth manifold of dimension n, and is a special case ⁠⁠ of a Grassmannian space.
Asinger reaction
The Asinger reaction (sometimes referred to as the Asinger-4 component reaction or A-4CR for short) is a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 3-thiazolines and other related heterocycles. It is named after Friedrich Asinger who first reported it in 1956.

Multi-component reaction
A multi-component reaction (or MCR), sometimes referred to as a "Multi-component Assembly Process" (or MCAP), is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds 
react to form a single product. By definition, multicomponent reactions are those reactions whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential manner to give highly selective products that retain majority of the atoms of the starting material.