hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Regular local ring
In commutative algebra, a regular local ring is a Noetherian local ring having the property that the minimal number of generators of its maximal ideal is equal to its Krull dimension. In symbols, let  be any Noetherian local ring with unique maximal ideal , and suppose  is a minimal set of generators of . Then Krull's principal ideal theorem implies that , and  is regular whenever .

The concept is motivated by its geometric meaning. A point  on an algebraic variety  is nonsingular (a smooth point) if and only if the local ring  of germs at  is regular. (See also: regular scheme.) Regular local rings are not related to von Neumann regular rings.

For Noetherian local rings, there is the following chain of inclusions:

Universally catenary rings ⊃  Cohen–Macaulay rings ⊃ Gorenstein rings ⊃ complete intersection rings ⊃ regular local rings

Regular scheme
In algebraic geometry, a regular scheme is a locally Noetherian scheme whose local rings are regular everywhere. Every smooth scheme is regular, and every regular scheme of finite type over a perfect field is smooth.

For an example of a regular scheme that is not smooth, see Geometrically regular ring § Examples.
Ctenopoma
Ctenopoma is a genus of climbing gouramies native to Africa. Microctenopoma has been included in Ctenopoma in the past; in contrast to that genus, Ctenopoma species are egg scatterers with no parental care.

Climbing gourami
The Anabantidae are a family of ray-finned fish within the order Anabantiformes commonly called the climbing gouramies or climbing perches.  The family includes about 34 species. As labyrinth fishes, they possess a labyrinth organ, a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric oxygen.  Fish of this family are commonly seen gulping at air at the surface of the water.  The air is held in a structure called the suprabranchial chamber, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream via the respiratory epithelium covering the labyrinth organ.  This therefore allows the fish to move small distances across land.
Emmanuel Clase
Emmanuel Clase (Spanish pronunciation: [’klase] clahs-AY; born March 18, 1998) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Texas Rangers, making his debut with the team in 2019.

Clase was traded to Cleveland following the 2019 season and became their main closer in 2021. With Cleveland, Clase has been named an All-Star and led the American League in saves three times, was named AL Reliever of the Year in 2022 and 2024, and is the franchise's all-time save leader.

Since July 2025, Clase has been on non-disciplinary paid leave as part of an investigation into sports betting by the league. In November, he was federally indicted and arrested in relation to the investigation.

Cut fastball
In baseball, a cut fastball or cutter is a type of fastball that breaks toward the pitcher's glove-hand side, as it reaches home plate. This pitch is somewhere between a slider and a four-seam fastball, as it is usually thrown faster than a slider but with more movement than a typical fastball. Some pitchers use a cutter to prevent hitters from expecting their regular fastballs. A common technique for throwing a cutter is to use a four-seam fastball grip with the baseball set slightly off center in the hand. A batter hitting a cutter pitch often achieves only soft contact and an easy out due to the pitch's movement keeping the ball away from the bat's sweet spot. The cutter is typically 2–5 mph slower than a pitcher's four-seam fastball. In 2010, the average pitch classified as a cutter by PITCHf/x thrown by a right-handed pitcher was 88.6 mph; the average two-seamer was 90.97 mph.
Courtelary District
Courtelary District is located in Switzerland and is one of the three French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura, along with La Neuveville and Moutier. The district is located in the canton of Bern with the seat being Courtelary. It had a population of about 22,224 in 2004. The three districts lost their administrative power and were merged on 1 January 2010 to form the new district of Jura Bernois with the capital at Courtelary.

Since 2010, it remains a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.

47°10′00″N 7°04′00″E﻿ / ﻿47.1667°N 7.06667°E﻿ / 47.1667; 7.06667

La Neuveville District
La Neuveville District is one of three French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura in the canton of Bern with the seat being La Neuveville, the other two being Courtelary and Moutier. It had a population of about 6,083 in 2004.

From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Bernese Jura administrative district, whose administrative centre is Courtelary.

Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.
Porta Faul, Viterbo
Porta Faul is a western portals in the medieval walls of Viterbo. It is located on at the start of via Faul, at the circle of the Piazza Martire delle Fosse or Foibe Istriana in Viterbo, region of Lazio, Italy. In the hill in town, above the gate, is located  the Palazzo dei Papi. The via Faul leads to a public parking lot outside the ZTL (limited traffic zone) of Viterbo. In a bleak stone building outside the gate, is the former Chiesa dei Giustiziati (Church of Executed) that ministered to those receiving capital punishment.

Walls of Viterbo
The Walls of Viterbo, in Viterbo, Italy, developed over centuries, but much of these circumscribing, defensive medieval structures still exists, and their entrance gates, often modernized, still limit the access at certain sites.
Gunderic (bishop)
Gunderic (Latin: Gundericus; died before 711) was the Archbishop of Toledo briefly between Felix and Sindered from about 701. He was a Visigoth and is highly praised in the Chronicle of 754, according to which he was a holy man who performed many miracles. Though certainly a man of learning, none of his writings are preserved.

He presided over the Eighteenth Council of Toledo (probably 703), which may have been encouraged by king Wittiza to force marriage on the priesthood.

Archdiocese of Toledo
The Archdiocese of Toledo (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. They are also the Primates of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies (but the pastoral care for the Spanish armed forces is now provided, since 1986, by the Military Archbishopric of Spain)
MsChif
Rachel Frobel (née Collins born June 11, 1976) is an American professional wrestler who is better known by her ring name MsChif. She has been wrestling since 2001 and in that time has worked for several independent promotions across the United States, with guest matches in England and Japan. She is known for her banshee gimmick, howling at her opponents and referees who stand in her way, as well as her unusually flexible body that allows her to perform, and be subjected to, modified submission holds.

For two years, between 2008 and 2010, she was a triple crown champion holding the NWA World Women's Championship for the second time, as well as the Shimmer Championship and the NWA Midwest Women's Championship. As well as being a two-time NWA World Champion, she is also a ChickFight tournament winner.

Eden Black
"The Jezebel" Eden Black (born 28 January 1981) is the ring name of a retired British professional wrestler who wrestled internationally on the independent circuit in promotions such as Real Quality Wrestling, Shimmer Women Athletes and ChickFight among others. She was known for her wrestling attire, choosing loose-fitting street clothes similar in style to Homicide, her strike-based style of fighting and her relationship with fellow wrestler JP Monroe. Fighting Spirit Magazine exclusively named her and rival Jetta as "spearheading a revolution in British wrestling" with regard to serious female wrestling.
Armoury (Siġġiewi)
The Armoury (Maltese: L-Armerija), also known as the Old Fortified House (Maltese: Id-Dar il-Fortifikata l-Antika), is a historic building in Siġġiewi, Malta, which was originally used as the residence of captain of the village, and it also served as an arsenal where the weapons of the local militia were stored. The last Grand Master of Malta was hosted in the building by the captain during the feast of the village.

After the departure of the Order the building was adaptively reused according to the exigencies of the village or governor but lost its original purpose. It was used as a temporal school in the village, being among the first public education buildings, before being vacated. Located at 127 Triq il-Kbira (formerly Royal Street), it is a historic landmark, a Grade II scheduled building and a listed monument.

Siġġiewi
Siġġiewi (Maltese: Is-Siġġiewi [ɪsːɪˈd͡ʒːɪːwɪ]), also called by its title Città Ferdinand, is a city and a local council in the Western Region of Malta. It is the third largest council in Malta by surface area, after Rabat and Mellieħa. Siġġiewi is situated on a plateau a few kilometers away from Mdina (the ancient capital city of Malta) and 10 kilometres (6 miles) away from Valletta, the contemporary capital.
Arnemetia
Arnemetia is a goddess in Romano-British religion. Her shrine is at Aquae Arnemetiae ("waters of Arnemetia"), which is now Buxton in Derbyshire, England.

Arnemetia's name contains Celtic stems are ("against, beside") and nemeton ("sacred grove"). Her name is thus interpreted as "she who dwells in the sacred grove", suggesting Arnemetia may be a divine epithet rather than a name in its own right.

Aquae Arnemetiae
53°15′32″N 1°54′54″W﻿ / ﻿53.259°N 1.915°W﻿ / 53.259; -1.915

Aquae Arnemetiae was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The settlement was based around its natural warm springs. The Roman occupation ran from around 75 AD to 410 AD. Today it is the town of Buxton, Derbyshire in England.

Aquae Arnemetiae means 'Waters of Arnemetia'. Arnemetia was the Romano-British goddess of the sacred grove (the name Arnemetia was derived from the Celtic for beside the sacred grove). The town was recorded as Aquis Arnemeza in the Ravenna Cosmography's list of all known places in the world in about 700 AD. The entry is between places with which the town had road connections: Nauione (Navio Roman fort at Brough), Zerdotalia (Ardotalia, later called Melandra fort, near Glossop) and Mantio (Manchester).
Ein es-Sultan camp
ʿEin es-Sulṭān camp  (Arabic: عين سلطان, romanized: ʿAin Sulṭān, lit. 'Sultan's spring'), or ʿEin Sultan camp, is a refugee camp in the Jericho Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the Jordan Valley, in the eastern West Bank. The village is located adjacent to the Ein es-Sultan or Elisha Spring, for which it is named, and the archaeological site of Tell es-Sultan, 1 kilometer north-west of the city of Jericho.

ʿEin es-Sulṭān had a population of over 4,384 inhabitants in 2017. In 1997, refugees constituted 81% of the population.

Jericho Governorate
32°01′29.72″N 35°26′43.73″E﻿ / ﻿32.0249222°N 35.4454806°E﻿ / 32.0249222; 35.4454806

The Jericho Governorate (Arabic: محافظة أريحا, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Arīḥā) is one of 16 Governorates of Palestine. Its capital is Jericho. The governorate is located along the eastern areas of the West Bank, along the northern Dead Sea and southern Jordan River valley bordering Jordan. It spans west to the mountains east of Ramallah and the eastern slopes of Jerusalem, including the northern reaches of the Judaean Desert. The population of the Jericho Governorate is estimated to be 50,002, including 13,334 Palestinian refugees in the governorate's camps.

Ein es-Sultan (also known as "Elisha's Spring") is an oasis in Jericho, one of the main tourist attractions  in the area.
Margaret Philipse (1733–1752)
Margaret Philipse (1733 – 1752) was the daughter of Frederick Philipse II, 2nd Lord of Philipsburg Manor of Westchester County, New York.

She was, along with her brother Philip (1724–1768) and sisters Susanna (1727–1822) and Mary (1730–1825), a one-quarter heir to the roughly 250 sq mi (650 km2) "Highland Patent" of her father (later to become known as the Philipse Patent, and in time today's Putnam County of southeastern New York).  She died intestate, and her share was equally divided among her named living siblings.  A redistribution of the land among them was done in 1754.

As all the Philipses were Loyalists during the Revolutionary War, Margaret's siblings had their lands seized in 1779 by the Revolutionary government of the Province of New York and were never compensated for their loss.

Frederick Philipse II
Frederick Philipse II (c. 1698 – July 26, 1751) was an American merchant, landowner, and politician. He was the only son of Maria Sparkes, daughter of the Governor of Barbados, and Philip Philipse, eldest son of Frederick Philipse I, first lord of Philipsburg Manor. Philip predeceased his father, and family lands passed on to younger son Adolphus Philipse. Upon his uncle's death Frederick II inherited his share of Philipse lands and commercial interests, thereafter becoming the elder Philipse male and second lord of Philipsburg Manor.

He also inherited the Highland Patent (later called the "Philipse Patent"), a 250 mi2 (650 km2) parcel of land on the east bank of the Hudson River spanning the northern Westchester County line clear to the Connecticut border.

Frederick II represented Westchester in the New York Assembly from 1724 to 1751.  Upon his death in 1751 his eldest son, Frederick III, became the 3rd and final Lord of Philipsburg Manor.
Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, formerly known as Tsolho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 海南藏族自治州; Tibetan: མཚོ་ལྷོ་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་), is an autonomous prefecture of Northeastern Qinghai Province in Western China. The prefecture has an area of 45,895 square kilometres (17,720 sq mi) and its seat is located in Gonghe County. Its name literally means "south of (Qinghai) Lake."

Gonghe County
Gonghe County (Chinese: 共和县; Tibetan: གསེར་ཆེན་རྫོང་།), also known as Kungho, is a county of Qinghai Province, China under the administration of Hainan Prefecture. The seat of Gonghe County is in the town of Qabqa.
Jack Cantoni
Jack Cantoni (11 May 1948 – 25 June 2013) was a French international rugby union player.

Cantoni was born in Carmaux, France, he is the son of the rugby league footballer; Vincent Cantoni.

Cantoni played as a Fullback or Wing for AS Béziers, with which team he won seven French championships. He made his international debut for France on 4 April 1970 in a test during the Five Nations against Wales in Cardiff.

Vincent Cantoni
Vincent Cantoni (Laguiole, 10 March 1927 – Grenade, 28 October 2013) was a French rugby league footballer who represented France national rugby league team in the 1954 World Cup. He was the father of the French former rugby union international Jack Cantoni.

Cantoni toured Australia and New Zealand in 1951 with the French side.

He died in 2013.
Sicamous (sternwheeler)
SS Sicamous is a large, four-decked sternwheeler commissioned by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and was built by the Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company for Okanagan Lake service between the fruit communities of Penticton, and other towns of Kelowna and Vernon, British Columbia. The vessel launched in 1914 and operated until 1937, and it is currently beached as a part of a heritage park cared for by the S.S. Sicamous Marine Heritage Society in Penticton. The vessel today is operated both as a museum, restoration site, and a facility for special events.

Penticton
Penticton (/pɛnˈtɪktən/ pen-TIK-tən) is a city in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada, situated between Okanagan and Skaha lakes. In the 2021 Canadian Census, its population was 36,885, while its census agglomeration population was 47,380.
Lake Piva
Lake Piva (Montenegrin: Пивско језеро, Pivsko jezero) is a reservoir in Montenegro. It is the largest lake entirely within the country, located in the northwest, in Plužine Municipality. The surface of the lake is 12.5 km², the length is 45 km, and the maximum depth is 188 m. The elevation is 675 m above sea level.

The artificial lake is the result of the construction of Mratinje Dam on the Piva River. On the bottom of the lake there is the old town Plužine; Piva Monastery was also there, but it has been relocated. The new location of the monastery is 8 km from Plužine, and 3.5 km away from the original location of the monastery. The relocation has started in 1969 and finished in 1982. The old confluence of the Komarnica into the Piva was submerged as well.

Plužine Municipality
Plužine Municipality (Montenegrin: Opština Plužine / Општина Плужине) is one of the municipalities in Northern Montenegro. The administrative center is the town of Plužine. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 3,235.
Riot Women
Riot Women is a 2025 British television series written by Sally Wainwright and produced by Drama Republic. The key songs were written by ARXX for the production. In November 2025, the BBC announced that Riot Women will return for a second series.

Hebden Bridge
Hebden Bridge is a market town in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Upper Calder Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north-east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and Hebden Water. The town is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hebden Royd.

In 2015, the Calder ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, had a population of 12,167. The town had a population of 4,500 as of 2024.
Merzalbe
The Merzalbe, also called the Merzalb, is a stream, over 12 km (7.5 mi) long, in the Western Palatinate in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is an orographically right tributary of the Rodalb. In its upper reaches it is also called Mühlgraben.

Merzalben
Merzalben is a municipality in Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany, deriving its name from the Merzalbe, also known as the Merzalb, that flows through the village. Along with 5 other Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities") Merzalben belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde Rodalben ("collective municipality of Rodalben") in Südwestpfalz, wherein it is the largest in terms of physical area, but the smallest in terms of population. The municipality contains several distinct natural and cultural landmarks, with the earliest known records dating back to 1237. It was also considered a state-approved tourist resort (German: Fremdenverkehrsort) before the title was dropped in Rhineland Palatinate in 2016 and all communities awarded the designation were barred from its use in 2020.
Julimes Municipality
Julimes is one of the 67 municipalities of Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Julimes. The municipality covers an area of 2,767.3 km2.

As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 4,953, up from 4,507 as of 2005.

As of 2010, the town of Julimes had a population of 1,795. Other than the town of Julimes, the municipality had 123 localities, none of which had a population over 1,000.

Julimes
Julimes   is a town and seat of the municipality of Julimes, in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua. As of 2010, the town of Julimes had a population of 1,795, up from 1,756 as of 2005.

The community is adjacent to the east bank of a north-flowing section of the Rio Conchos.
8th King's Royal Irish Hussars
The 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1693. It saw service for three centuries including the First and Second World Wars. The regiment survived the immediate post-war reduction in forces, and went on to distinguish itself in the battles of the Korean War, but was recommended for amalgamation in the 1957 Defence White Paper prepared by Duncan Sandys. The regiment was amalgamated with the 4th Queen's Own Hussars, to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958.

John Pearson (VC)
John Pearson VC (19 January 1825 – 18 April 1892) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth forces.
Tennessee Hatchie River Bridge
The Tennessee Hatchie River Bridge is two bridge spans that carry US Route 51 over the Hatchie River located north of Covington, Tennessee (approximately 45 miles north of Memphis, Tennessee). In 1989, the northbound span collapsed after flooding caused riverbed erosion near the structure.

It is planned to carry Interstate 69 in the future.

Interstate 69 in Tennessee
Interstate 69 (I-69) is a proposed Interstate Highway that will pass through the western part of the US state of Tennessee, serving the cities of Union City, Dyersburg, and Memphis. Currently, a 21-mile (34 km) section of already-existing freeway in Memphis has been approved for the I-69 designation (although it has not been signed as such) while another segment near Union City opened on February 21, 2024, under the temporary designation of Tennessee State Route 690. However, state officials have stated that they will not commit to finishing the interstate in their state until they receive more federal funding.
Western Cartridge Company
The Western Cartridge Company was an American manufacturer of small arms and ammunition formerly based in East Alton, Illinois. Founded in 1898, it was the forerunner of the Olin Corporation, formed in 1944, of which Western was absorbed into. Prior to that, Western acquired the Winchester Repeating Arms Company after Winchester went into receivership in 1931. The two would merge in 1935 to form Winchester-Western.

Olin Corporation
Olin Corporation is an American manufacturer of ammunition, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide. The company traces its roots to two companies, both founded in 1892: Franklin W. Olin's Equitable Powder Company and the Mathieson Alkali Works. Accidents at Olin chemical plants have exposed employees and nearby residents to health hazards.
Hong Kong FA Cup Junior Division
Hong Kong FA Cup Junior Division (Chinese: 香港足總盃初級組) is a football competition in Hong Kong established in 2013. All lower division teams in the First Division, Second Division and the Third Division are included in the competition.

Sun Hei and Central & Western are the most successful clubs, both winning 2 titles.

Central & Western District R&SA
The Central and Western District Recreation and Sports Association (Chinese: 中西區康樂體育會), known simply as Central & Western, is a Hong Kong football club based in Central and Western District, one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. The team currently competes in the Hong Kong First Division.

The club's home matches are played at Happy Valley Recreation Ground and various other grounds as there are no suitable grounds in Central and Western District.