hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoca Sefer
Hoca Sefer (Ottoman Turkish: خواجه سفر; fl. 1536–38) was an Ottoman captain in charge of pro-Ottoman forces in Gujarat in the first half of the 16th century. Hoca Sefer, who had been installed by the Ottoman captain Selman Reis, attempted to maintain Ottoman influence in Diu against the Portuguese, who had established the Diu Fort there. The conflict between the Ottomans and the Portuguese would escalate with the Siege of Diu in 1538, following the request for Ottoman intervention by Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat in 1536.

Siege of Diu (1538)
20°N 71°E﻿ / ﻿20°N 71°E﻿ / 20; 71

The siege of Diu occurred when an army of the Sultanate of Gujarat under Khadjar Safar, aided by forces of the Ottoman Empire, attempted to capture the city of Diu in 1538, then held by the Portuguese. The siege was part of the Ottoman-Portuguese war. The Portuguese successfully resisted the four-month long siege.
63rd Venice International Film Festival
The 63rd annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 30 August to 9 September 2006, at Venice Lido in Italy.

French actress Catherine Deneuve was the jury president for the main competition. Italian actress Isabella Ferrari was the host of both ceremonies. The Golden Lion was awarded to Still Life by Jia Zhangke.

The Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement was awarded to American filmmaker David Lynch who also presented Inland Empire out of competition, his last feature film.

For the first time since the Second World War, all of the films entered into the main competition were shown as world premieres.

The festival opened with The Black Dahlia by Brian De Palma, and closed with The Island by Pavel Lungin.

Dry Season (2006 film)
Dry Season Arabic: دارات, romanized: Daratt; French: Saison sèche) is a 2006 film by Chadian director Mahamat Saleh Haroun.

The film was one of seven films from non-Western cultures commissioned by Peter Sellars' New Crowned Hope Festival to commemorate the 250th birthday of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.  Inspiration for the themes of revenge and reconciliation was taken from Mozart's La clemenza di Tito.

Darratt won the Grand Special Jury Prize at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival, as well as eight other prizes at Venice and the Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou.
Śāriputrābhidharma
The Śāriputrābhidharma-śāstra (Ch. Shèlìfú Āpítán Lùn, 舍利弗阿毘曇論, Taisho: 28, No. 1548, pp. 525c-719a) is a Buddhist Abhidharma text of the Sthāvirāḥ Dharmaguptaka school, the only surviving Abhidharma from that school. It was translated into Chinese in thirty fascicles between 407 and 414 CE by the monks Dharmayasas and Dharmagupta at Ch'ang An.

According to Erich Frauwallner, it contains some of the same doctrinal content and listings that appear in the Vibhaṅga and Dharmaskandha, which is based on an "ancient core" of early Abhidharma.

Dharmaguptaka
The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit: धर्मगुप्तक; Chinese: 法藏部; pinyin: Fǎzàng Bù; Vietnamese: Pháp Tạng bộ) is one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools, depending on the source. They are said to have originated from another sect, the Mahīśāsakas. The Dharmaguptakas had a prominent role in early Central Asian and Chinese Buddhism, and their Prātimokṣa (monastic rules for bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs) are still in effect in East Asian countries to this day, including China, Vietnam, Korea, and Japan as well as the Philippines. They are one of three surviving Vinaya lineages, along with that of the Theravāda and the Mūlasarvāstivāda.
Muidumbe District
Muidumbe is a district of Cabo Delgado Province in Mozambique. Its capital is the village of Muidumbe.

The district of Muidumbe is limited to the north and the east by Mocimboa da Praia District, to the north and the west by Mueda District, and to the south by Macomia District.

According to the Census of 2007, the district has 72,840 inhabitants and an area of 2,213 km2.

Mueda District
Mueda is a district of the province of Cabo Delgado, in Moçambique. The capital is the town of Mueda.

The district of Mueda is bordered by Mtwara Region to the north by the Tanzania atarvés of the river Rovuma, to the west by the district of Mecula in the province of Niassa, to the south by the districts of Montepuez and Meluco, and to the east by the districts of Muidumbe, Mocimboa da Praia and Nangade.

According to the Census of 2007, the district has 113,742 inhabitants and an area of 14,150 km2.

In 2022, a study was carried out in six districts in Cabo Delgado into disease preparedness in the face of climate disasters. Mueda was one of two districts accessed as having low preparedness.

Mueda is also a temporary home to numerous refugees fleeing conflict.
Communist Party of Chile
The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile, PCCh) is a communist party in Chile. It was founded in 1912 as the Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Obrero Socialista) and adopted its current name in 1922. The party established a youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile, JJ.CC), in 1932.

Nueva Mayoría
The Nueva Mayoría (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈnweβa maʝoˈɾi.a]), also translated in English as New Majority, was a Chilean centre-left electoral coalition from 2013 to 2018, composed mainly of centre-left political parties supporting the presidential candidacy of Michelle Bachelet in the 2013 election.
MIMOS II
MIMOS II is the miniaturised Mössbauer spectrometer, developed by Dr. Göstar Klingelhöfer at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, that is used on the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity for close-up investigations on the Martian surface of the mineralogy of iron-bearing rocks and soils.

MIMOS II uses a Cobalt-57 gamma ray source of about 300 mCi at launch which gave a 6-12 hr time for acquisition of a standard MB spectrum during the primary mission on Mars, depending on total Fe content and which Fe-bearing phases are present. 
Cobalt-57 has a half-life of only 271.8 days (h

The MIMOS II sensorheads used snMars are approx 9 cm x 5 cm x 4 cm and weigh about 400g.

The MIMOS II system also includes a circuit board of about 100g.

Mars Exploration Rover
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission was a robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the launch of the two rovers to explore the Martian surface and geology; both landed on Mars at separate locations in January 2004.  Both rovers far outlived their planned missions of 90 Martian solar days: MER-A Spirit was active until March 22, 2010, while MER-B Opportunity was active until June 10, 2018.
Metamerism (color)
In colorimetry, metamerism is a perceived matching of colors with different (nonmatching) spectral power distributions.  Colors that match this way are called metamers.

A spectral power distribution describes the proportion of total light given off (emitted, transmitted, or reflected) by a color sample at each visible wavelength; it defines the complete information about the light coming from the sample. However, the human eye contains only three color receptors (three types of cone cells), which means that all colors are reduced to three sensory quantities, called the tristimulus values. Metamerism occurs because each type of cone responds to the cumulative energy from a broad range of wavelengths, so that different combinations of light across all wavelengths can produce an equivalent receptor response and the same tristimulus values or color sensation. In color science, the set of sensory spectral sensitivity curves is numerically represented by color matching functions.

Spectral power distribution
In radiometry, photometry, and color science, a spectral power distribution (SPD) measurement describes the power per unit area per unit wavelength of an illumination (radiant exitance). More generally, the term spectral power distribution can refer to the concentration, as a function of wavelength, of any radiometric or photometric quantity (e.g. radiant energy, radiant flux, radiant intensity, radiance, irradiance, radiant exitance, radiosity, luminance, luminous flux, luminous intensity, illuminance, luminous emittance).

Knowledge of the SPD is crucial for optical-sensor system applications. Optical properties such as transmittance, reflectivity, and absorbance as well as the sensor response are typically dependent on the incident wavelength.
Fleet in being
In naval warfare, a "fleet-in-being" is a term used to describe a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port. Were the fleet to leave port and face the enemy, it might lose in battle and no longer influence the enemy's actions, but while it remains safely in port, the enemy is forced to continually deploy forces to guard against it potentially becoming an active participant. A "fleet in being" can be part of a sea denial doctrine, but not one of sea control.

Battle of Taranto
The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11/12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces (Admiral Andrew Cunningham) and Italian naval forces (Admiral Inigo Campioni). The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history, employing 21 Fairey Swordfish biplane torpedo bombers from the aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious in the Mediterranean Sea.

The attack struck the battle fleet of the Regia Marina at anchor in the harbour of Taranto, using aerial torpedoes, despite the shallowness of the water. The success of this attack augured the ascendancy of naval aviation over big-gun battleships. According to Cunningham, "Taranto, and the night of 11/12 November 1940, should be remembered forever as having shown once and for all that in the Fleet Air Arm the Navy has its most devastating weapon".
Robert Claude Maze
Robert Claude Maze (25 May 1918 – 27 May 1945) was an American military officer and aviator. He was killed in action during the Battle of Okinawa and was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

VMF-511
Marine Fighting Squadron 511 (VMF-511) was a fighter squadron of the Marine Corps and Marine Forces Reserve during World War II and the Cold War which flew aircraft types such as the F6F Hellcat, F4U Corsair, and the F-8 Crusader.  They were originally activated during World War II and fought during the Battle of Okinawa and the Battle of Balikpapan (1945).  They specialized in close air support and during the course of the war were credited with only one plane shot down.

Following the surrender of Japan, the squadron was deactivated on 11 March 1946.  They were reactivated in the Marine Forces Reserve and were based out of Naval Air Station Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.  The squadron's tailcode was originally 7W,  then in 1970 it became 5W, and then in 1972 it changed to MK.
Limehouse station
Limehouse is a National Rail and connected Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Limehouse, London, England. It is served by regional services operated by c2c to and from Fenchurch Street and by light metro services provided by the DLR to and from Tower Gateway or Bank. On the main line, Limehouse is located 1 mile 58 chains (2.8 km) from Fenchurch Street and the following station is West Ham; on the DLR it is between Shadwell and Westferry in London fare zone 2.

The station was opened by the Commercial Railway (later the London and Blackwall Railway) in 1840 with the name Stepney. At that time, the Commercial Railway had a separate station named Limehouse one stop to the east. Stepney was renamed Stepney East in 1923, and in 1926 the other Limehouse station was closed. Stepney East adopted the current Limehouse name in 1987, just before the DLR opened.

Shadwell DLR station
Shadwell is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Shadwell in east London, England and is between the terminals of Bank and Tower Gateway to the west and Limehouse to the east. The 1991 Bank extension joins the main DLR line just to the west of Shadwell. It is located near Shadwell railway station for London Overground services, in London fare zone 2.
2024 Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Curling Championship
The 2024 Northern Ontario Men's Provincial Curling Championship, the men's provincial curling championship for Northern Ontario, was held from January 24 to 28 at the NEMI Recreation Complex in Little Current, Ontario. The winning Trevor Bonot represented Northern Ontario at the 2024 Montana's Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship in Regina, Saskatchewan. The event was held in conjunction with the 2024 Northern Ontario Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the provincial women's curling championship.

2024 Montana's Brier
The 2024 Montana's Brier, Canada's national men's curling championship, was held from March 1 to 10 at the Brandt Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan. Team Canada, who was skipped by Brad Gushue won their third straight Brier Tankard and represented Canada at the 2024 World Men's Curling Championship at the KSS Sports Complex in Schaffhausen, Switzerland where they won the silver medal.

This was the first Brier under the sponsorship of Montana's BBQ & Bar, following the departure of Tim Hortons as a sponsor.
Life's Whirlpool (1916 film)
Life's Whirlpool (also known as McTeague) is a 1916 American silent film drama directed by Barry O'Neil. The first motion picture adaptation of Frank Norris's 1899 novel McTeague, the film stars Holbrook Blinn and Fania Marinoff as McTeague and Trina. These roles later were played by Gibson Gowland and Zasu Pitts in Eric von Stroheim's 1924 adaptation Greed. Blinn was famous for playing brutal characters on the stage, as in the Edward Sheldon play Salvation Nell (1908).

The film is considered a lost film.

Barry O'Neil
Barry O'Neil (1865 – 1918) was a film director and writer. His real name was Thomas J. McCarthy. He directed several Thanhouser films including the production company's first two-reeler, Romeo and Juliet. He went on to work for Lubin and then World Film Corporation.

He was born in New York City.

O'Neil married actress Nellie Walters. In 1913 O'Neil was elected to The Lambs as a non-resident member. He died of apoplexy.

In 1910 and 1911 he filmed adaptations of a couple William Shakespeare plays. In 1915 he filmed a version of McTeague in Death Valley released as Life's Whirlpool. William E. Hamilton was an assistant director to O'Neil.
2003 Mario Andretti Grand Prix at Road America
The 2003 Mario Andretti Grand Prix at Road America Presented by Briggs & Stratton was the twelfth round of the 2003 CART World Series season, held on August 3, 2003 at the Road America circuit in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin.

The race was shortened to 34 laps from the scheduled 60 after the race was red-flagged twice because of rain.  The first stoppage lasted 20 minutes after only 1 lap and the second lasted 2 hours and 40 minutes after lap 7.  With darkness impending at the restart after the second red flag period, the race had to be shortened from its original length.

Grand Prix of Road America
The Grand Prix of Road America (known as the XPEL Grand Prix at Road America for sponsorship reasons) is an IndyCar Series race held at Road America in Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin. For twenty-five years, the event was part of CART/Champ Car World Series, with the first race being held in 1982. The event was put on hiatus in 2008 after the unification of Champ Car into the Indy Racing League.

On August 8, 2015, it was announced that the race would return beginning in 2016. The race weekend typically includes all three series under the Road to Indy and the GT World Challenge America as support races.
Herkules Jonssons storverk
Herkules Jonssons storverk ("The Labours of Hercules Jonsson") is the Sveriges Television's Christmas calendar and Sveriges Radio's Christmas Calendar in 1969. The screenplay was written by Tage Danielsson.

Sveriges Radio's Christmas Calendar
Sveriges Radio's Christmas Calendar (Swedish: Sveriges Radios julkalender) is an annual series of pre-Christmas children's programmes produced and broadcast by Sveriges Radio in the form of a radio advent calendar. The first series – entitled Barnens adventskalender – was broadcast in 1957.

From 1960 until 1972, the same Christmas calendar was produced in a radio version for Sveriges Radio and a television version for Sveriges Television. Since 1973, there have been separate Christmas calendar programmes on radio and TV.
John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1558–1634)
John Erskine, 2nd Earl of Mar (c. 1558 – 14 December 1634) was a Scottish politician, the only son of another John Erskine and Annabella Murray.  He is regarded as both the 19th earl (in the 1st creation) and the 2nd earl (in the 7th).

English subsidy of James VI
Queen Elizabeth I of England paid a subsidy to King James VI of Scotland from 1586 to 1602. This enabled her to influence James by delaying or deferring payments to his diplomats in London. Records survive of the yearly amounts, and details of the expenditure in some years. A large proportion of the money in 1589 was spent on the royal wedding and in subsequent years on the royal wardrobe of James and Anne of Denmark. Some royal expenses were met by Anne of Denmark's dowry, which was known as the "tocher". The regular incomes of the Scottish crown were feudal rents, customs, and "compositions" charged on grants of land. Accounts for royal incomes and payments survive as the exchequer rolls and lord treasurer's accounts and have been published as historical sources.
KTBR
KTBR (950 AM) is a radio station licensed to Roseburg, Oregon. The station is owned by Southern Oregon University, and is an affiliate of Jefferson Public Radio, airing JPR's "News & Information" service, consisting of news and talk programming.

Roseburg, Oregon
Roseburg is the most populous city in and the county seat of Douglas County, Oregon. It is located in the Umpqua River Valley in southern Oregon. Founded in 1851, the population was 23,683 at the 2020 census, making it the principal city of the Roseburg, Oregon Micropolitan Statistical Area. The community developed along both sides of the South Umpqua River and is traversed by Interstate 5. Traditionally a lumber industry town, Roseburg is the home of Roseburg Forest Products, which now spans across 5 different states and 2 countries.
Obturator crest
The anterior border of the superior pubic ramus presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the obturator foramen superiorly and affords attachment to the obturator membrane.

The obturator crest extends from the pubic tubercle to the acetabular notch.

Obturator foramen
The obturator foramen is the large, bilaterally paired opening of the bony pelvis. It is formed by the pubis and ischium. It is mostly closed by the obturator membrane except for a small opening, the obturator canal, through which the obturator nerve and vessels pass.
Â
Â, â (a-circumflex) is a letter of the Inari Sami, Skolt Sami, Romanian, Vietnamese and Mizo alphabets. This letter also appears in French, Friulian, Frisian, Portuguese, Turkish, Walloon, and Welsh languages as a variant of the letter "a". It is included in some romanization systems for Khmer, Persian, Balinese, Sasak, Russian, and Ukrainian.

A
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced /ˈeɪ/ ⓘ AY), plural aes.

It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey |a| and single-storey |ɑ|. The latter form is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type.
Colegio Cesar Chavez
Colegio Cesar Chavez (Spanish for "Cesar Chavez College") was an American college-without-walls in Mount Angel, Oregon, United States. The college was named after [exican American civil rights activist César Chávez. Colegio was established in 1973 and closed in 1983. Colegio was the first accredited, independent four-year Chicano/Latino college in the United States. In 1975 it was granted candidacy status from the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges. In 1977, Colegio granted degrees to 22 graduates, a number exceeding the combined number of Chicanos who graduated that same year from University of Oregon and Oregon State University. In his book Colegio Cesar Chavez, 1973–1983: A Chicano Struggle for Educational Self-Determination, author Carlos Maldonado writes that Colegio Cesar Chavez was one of the few institutions that was named after Cesar Chavez during his lifetime.

Mt. Angel, Oregon
Mt. Angel or Mount Angel is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It is 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Salem, Oregon, on Oregon Route 214. The population was 3,392 at the 2020 census, down from 3,748 in 2010. Mt. Angel is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Renal cortex
The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections (cortical columns) that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts.

The renal cortex is the part of the kidney where ultrafiltration occurs. Erythropoietin is produced in the renal cortex.

Renal column
The renal columns, Bertin columns, or columns of Bertin, a.k.a. columns of Bertini are extensions of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. They allow the cortex to be better anchored. (Cortical extensions into the medullary space.)

Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material.

A hypertrophied renal column (or renal pseudotumor) may be differentiated from an actual renal tumor with the help of a DMSA scan. The scan will show the area as one with normal activity if it is a pseudotumor or will show decreased uptake if it is a cystic or solid renal mass.
Grothendieck's connectedness theorem
In mathematics, Grothendieck's connectedness theorem, states that if A is a complete Noetherian local ring whose spectrum is k-connected and f is in the maximal ideal, then Spec(A/fA) is (k − 1)-connected. Here a Noetherian scheme is called k-connected if its dimension is greater than k and the complement of every closed subset of dimension less than k is connected.

It is a local analogue of Bertini's theorem.

Theorem of Bertini
In mathematics, the theorem of Bertini is an existence and genericity theorem for smooth connected hyperplane sections for smooth projective varieties over algebraically closed fields, introduced by Eugenio Bertini. This is the simplest and broadest of the "Bertini theorems" applying to a linear system of divisors; simplest because there is no restriction on the characteristic of the underlying field, while the extensions require characteristic 0.