hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Private Law
The International Journal of Private Law is a quarterly peer-reviewed law journal covering all aspects of private law, including audio-visual, media, communication, and space law. It is intended to cover the legal issues facing individuals, entrepreneurs, and business owners on an international scale. The editor-in-chief is Sylvia Kierkegaard. Occasionally, the journal publishes special issues on important topics in private law. The journal is abstracted and indexed by Scopus.

Private law
Private law is the part of a legal system that governs interactions between individual persons. It is distinguished from public law, which deals with relationships between both natural and artificial persons (i.e., organizations) and the state, including regulatory statutes, penal law and other law that affects the public order. In general terms, private law involves interactions between private individuals, whereas public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population. In legal systems of the civil law tradition, it is that part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts and torts (as it is called in the common law tradition), and the law of obligations (as it is called in the civil law tradition).
Calco
Calco (Brianzöö: Calch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Lecco. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,284 and an area of 4.6 square kilometres (1.8 sq mi).

Calco borders the following municipalities: Brivio, Imbersago, Merate, Olgiate Molgora, Pontida, Villa d'Adda. It is served by Olgiate-Calco-Brivio railway station.

Olgiate Molgora
Olgiate Molgora (Brianzöö: Ulgiàa) is a comune in the Province of Lecco in the Lombardy region of Italy, located 35 km northeast of Milan at 287 meters elevation. As of 2025, it had 6,324 inhabitants across its 7.2 km² territory.

The municipality occupies a central position with respect to Milan, Lecco, Como, Bergamo and Monza which places it in an area well connected to the main urban, tourist and production centres. The presence of the Olgiate railway station, served by the S8 line of the Milan suburban railway service, with frequent connections that allow you to easily reach Milan (30 minutes), Lake Como (20 minutes), as well as the airports of Milan-Malpensa, Milan-Bergamo and Milan-Linate.
Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, 4th Baronet
Sir Nicholas Wolstenholme, 4th Baronet (1676–1717) was an English baronet and land-owner in Middlesex. He was the son of Sir John Wolstenholme, 3rd Baronet, a member of Parliament for Middlesex.

He was heavily in debt for much of his adult life: his estate was in the hands of trustees, and he was incarcerated in the Fleet Prison. He married Grace Waldo, daughter of Sir Edward Waldo and his third wife Elizabeth Shuckburgh. They had no children. After his death, she remarried William Ferdinand Cary, 8th Baron Hundson. They had no children and the title became extinct upon his death. Grace died in 1729 aged about 46.

The Wolstenholme family originally acquired wealth and social position in Middlesex through service in the customs office. The second baronet built Minchington Hall in Southgate, Middlesex, after 1664.

In 1716, the 4th baronet sold part of the Minchington estate to Sir David Hechstetter.

David Hechstetter
Sir David Hechstetter (or Heckstetter, Hetchetter, Hochstetter, or Hockstetter; c. 1659 – 14 June 1721) was a director of the Company of Merchant Adventurers of London (the Hamburg Company) and a land-owner in Hertfordshire and Middlesex. He was a justice of the peace for Middlesex and was knighted in 1714.
FN Four
The FN Four was the world's first production inline-4 motorcycle, manufactured in Liége by Fabrique Nationale from 1905 until 1923. It was also, at 40 miles per hour (64 km/h), the world's fastest production motorcycle from 1911 until 1912.

The motorcycle was developed in 1904, tested late that year, and had its public debut at the 1905 Paris Motorcycle Show. It was a commercial success upon release, with production increasing over its twenty-year run.

Pierce Four
The Pierce Four was the first four-cylinder motorcycle produced in the United States. The model is included in the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame Classic Bikes and Barber Vintage Motorsports Museum. Touting its inline-four engine as "vibrationless", Pierce sold the motorcycle for $325, rising to $400 by 1913, which was expensive at the time, making it popular with "more prosperous sportsmen".
Shams al-Muluk Muhammad
Shams al-Muluk Muhammad was the Baduspanid ruler (ustandar) of Rustamdar from 1312/3 to 1317. He was the son and successor of Kay Khusraw.

A devout ruler, he sought to associate himself with religious scholars, and also laid the foundations to various khanqahs and mosques. He died in 1317 and was succeeded by his brother Nasir al-Din Shahriyar.

Baduspanids
The Baduspanids,  Paduspanids or Badusbanids (Persian: بادوسپانیان, romanized: Bâduspâniân), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran, it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains.
Socchieve
Socchieve (Friulian: Soclêf) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Udine.

The municipality of Socchieve contains the frazioni (boroughs) of Caprizi, Dilignìdis, Feltrone, Lungis, Mediis (municipal seat), Nonta, Priuso, and Viaso.

Socchieve borders the following municipalities: Ampezzo, Enemonzo, Forni di Sotto, Ovaro, Preone, Raveo, Tramonti di Sopra, Tramonti di Sotto.

Tramonti di Sotto
Tramonti di Sotto (Friulian: Tramonç Disot, locally Vildisot) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Pordenone. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 444 and an area of 84.6 square kilometres (32.7 sq mi).

Tramonti di Sotto borders the following municipalities: Castelnovo del Friuli, Clauzetto, Frisanco, Meduno, Preone, Socchieve, Tramonti di Sopra, Travesio, Verzegnis, Vito d'Asio.
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans  is a 2009 American black comedy crime drama film directed by Werner Herzog, written by William Finkelstein, and starring Nicolas Cage, Eva Mendes, Val Kilmer, and Alvin 'Xzibit' Joiner. The film is a spiritual successor to the 1992 film Bad Lieutenant, and is not a remake according to Herzog. Nonetheless, the director of the original Bad Lieutenant film, Abel Ferrara, expressed dismay that the Herzog film was being made. Both Bad Lieutenant films were produced by Edward R. Pressman.

The film premiered on September 9, 2009, at the 66th Venice International Film Festival where it won the Christopher D. Smithers Foundation Special Award for Herzog. It opened in general release in the United States on November 20, 2009.

2009 Toronto International Film Festival
The 34th annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 10 and September 19, 2009. The opening night gala presented the Charles Darwin biography Creation. The Young Victoria, based on the early years of Queen Victoria, closed the festival on September 19.
Karenni Army
The Karenni Army (Burmese: ကရင်နီပြည် တပ်မတော်; abbreviated KA) is the armed wing of the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), and operates in eastern Kayah State (also known as Karenni State), Myanmar (Burma).

On 7 March 2012, the government of Myanmar signed a ceasefire agreement with the KNPP, in the presence of international observers from the UN High Commission for Refugees, British Council. and the American embassy. A similar ceasefire deal was signed in 1995, but it was dissolved within three months.

Karenni National Progressive Party
The Karenni National Progressive Party (Burmese: ကရင်နီအမျိုးသားတိုးတက်ရေးပါတီ; abbr. KNPP) is a Karenni political organisation in Kayah State, Myanmar (Burma). Its armed wing, the Karenni Army, fought against government forces for an independent Karenni State from 1957 until a ceasefire in 2012. A similar ceasefire deal was signed in 1995, but it was dissolved within three months. In 2021, KNPP became a member of the National Unity Consultative Council.
Emirate of Dhala
Dhala or Dhali` (Arabic: الضالع aḍ-Ḍāliʿ), Amiri (Arabic: الأميري al-Amīrī), or the Emirate of Dhala (Arabic: إمارة الضالع Imārat aḍ-Ḍāliʿ) was a state in the British Aden Protectorate, the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and its successor, the Federation of South Arabia.  Its capital was Dhala (Ad Dali').

Qutaibi
Qutaibi (Arabic: قطيبي Quṭaybī) or the Qutaibi Sheikhdom (Arabic: مشيخة القطيبي Mashyakhat al-Quṭaybī) was a polity in the western Aden Protectorate, a dependency of the Emirate of Dhala and now part of the Republic of Yemen. In 1964, during the Aden Emergency, its tribesmen attacked British Empire troops in the Radfan Hills area and became known as the "Red Wolves" for their combat ferocity.
Caintigern
Caintigern (died 734), or Saint Kentigerna, was a daughter of Cellach Cualann, King of Leinster. Her feast is listed in the Aberdeen Breviary for 7 January, and this is also her feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Her husband is said to have been Feriacus regulus of Monchestre, who possibly is the same person as Feradach, grandson of Artúr of Dál Riata.

Along with her brother St. Comgán and her son St. Fillan (Fáelán), the widowed Caintigern is said to have lived as a hermit, first in Strath Fillan, then in the Lennox, on the island of Inchcailloch on Loch Lomond.

Cellach Cualann
Cellach Cualann mac Gerthidi (died 715) was the last king of Leinster from the Uí Máil dynasty. Cellach's byname is derived from the land of Cualu which lay around Glendalough.

Cellach's father was not king of Leinster; his second cousin Fiannamail mac Máele Tuile (died 680) was. Cellach succeeded his cousin as king of Uí Máil when Fiannamail was murdered by a servant named Fochsechán, probably on the orders of Fínsnechta Fledach. The kingship of Leinster passed to the Uí Dúnlainge in the person of Bran Mut mac Conaill who died in 693, to be followed as king by Cellach.
Thomas James Tait
Sir Thomas James Tait (24 July 1864 – 25 July 1940) was a Canadian-born rail executive.

Born in Melbourne, Canada East, the son of Melbourne McTaggart Tait, Tait entered the service of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1880, and by 1903 he was manager of transportation with Canadian Pacific Railway company.

In March 1903 Tait was appointed Chairman of Commissioners of the Victorian Railways, Australia with a salary of £3000 per annum. During seven years in Victoria he turned an annual deficit into a profit, improved and increased the railways' rolling stock, and initiated electrification of the railways of Melbourne. He was knighted in 1911, before returning to Canada.

He died at his summer home at St. Andrews, New Brunswick.

Melbourne McTaggart Tait
Sir Melbourne McTaggart Tait, QC (May 20, 1842 – February 19, 1917) was a Canadian lawyer and judge.

Born in Melbourne, Canada East, he studied at St Francis College and received a Bachelor of Civil Law degree from McGill University in 1862. He was called to the Bar in 1863. He served as President of the Montreal Garrick Club after 1878. He was created a Queen's Counsel in 1882. He practiced law in Melbourne until moving to Montreal in 1870. In 1887, he was raised to the judicial Bench in the Province of Quebec. He was appointed chief justice of the Superior Court in the district of Montreal in 1894. He was made a Knight Bachelor at Queen Victoria's Jubilee, 1897.

In January, 1903, he headed a movement to erect Royal Victoria Hospital, a Children's Hospital in Montreal, as a memorial to Queen Victoria.
Forest Gate railway station
Forest Gate railway station is on the Great Eastern Main Line serving Forest Gate in the London Borough of Newham, east London. It is 5 miles 21 chains (8.5 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Maryland and Manor Park. Its three-letter station code is FOG and it is in London fare zone 3.

The station was opened in 1840 by the Eastern Counties Railway. It is managed and served by the Elizabeth line.

Forest Gate
Forest Gate is a sub-district of West Ham in the London Borough of Newham, East London, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Charing Cross.

The area's name relates to its position adjacent to Wanstead Flats, the southernmost part of Epping Forest. The town was historically part of the parish (and later borough) of West Ham in the hundred of Becontree in Essex. Since 1965, Forest Gate has been part of the London Borough of Newham, a local government district of Greater London. The town forms the majority of the London E7 postcode district.

Neighbouring areas include Leytonstone to the north, East Ham to the east, Plaistow to the south and Stratford to the west.
Lauren Hill (basketball)
Lauren Elizabeth Hill (October 1, 1995 – April 10, 2015) was an American college basketball player. She gained national attention while battling terminal brain cancer during her freshman year at Mount St. Joseph University in Cincinnati. She was runner-up for 2014 Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year, coming second in voting to Mo'ne Davis.

In November 2014, the University retired Hill's number 22 in honor of "her inspirational fight to continue playing in the face of inoperable cancer".

2014 Hiram vs. Mount St. Joseph women's basketball game
The 2014 Hiram vs. Mount St. Joseph women's basketball game, billed as Play for 22, was the first game of the 2014–15 NCAA basketball regular season. The Division III game between Hiram College and Mount St. Joseph University (MSJ) was originally intended to be played at the Hiram campus in Hiram, Ohio, on November 15, 2014. However, the game was moved to November 2 to accommodate Lauren Hill, a Mount St. Joseph freshman who had been diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and wished to play in one college game before her death. The game was also moved to Cincinnati, initially to the MSJ campus in nearby Delhi Township and ultimately to Cintas Center on the campus of Xavier University.
Myall Creek massacre
The Myall Creek massacre was the killing of at least 28 unarmed Aboriginal people in the Colony of New South Wales by eight colonists on 10 June 1838 at the Myall Creek in the north of the colony. Seven perpetrators were convicted of murder and hanged.

This was one of the few alleged massacres of Aboriginal people to have been proven in court. After two trials, seven perpetrators of twelve accused were found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by hanging. Four men were never retried on additional charges following their acquittal in the first trial. The leader of the perpetrators, free settler John Henry Fleming, evaded arrest and was never tried. The trials and guilty verdicts sparked extreme controversy within New South Wales settler society.

Lyall Munro Snr
Lyall Munro Snr (30 September 1931– 21 May 2020), also known as Uncle Lyall Munro Senior, was an Aboriginal Australian activist, leader, and elder, especially known for his advocacy of Indigenous land rights. He was the husband of Carmine "Maggie" Munro, and father of Lyall Munro Jnr.
Ferry Road
Ferry Road is one of the major roads of Edinburgh, Scotland, deriving its name from being the road from Queensferry to Leith. It runs from the eastern end of Davidson's Mains village in the west, to Leith in the east, passing through Drylaw, Crewe Toll and Goldenacre on the way. It is classified as the A902 from Leith to Crewe Toll where the A902 continues as Telford Road.

Notable features along the route include, in the west, the former Northern General Hospital's site (now demolished for a supermarket, the Western General Hospital is also nearby), the playing fields of Fettes College, Stewarts Melville and other private schools to the south, a geriatric home of the Salvation Army, Goldenacre stadium etc. Drylaw Police Station is also situated on Ferry Road. Leith public library is located shortly before where Ferry Road meets North Junction Street and Great Junction Street

55°58′19″N 3°12′08″W﻿ / ﻿55.97207°N 3.20234°W﻿ / 55.97207; -3.20234

Great Junction Street
Great Junction Street is a street in Leith, on the northern outskirts of Edinburgh, Scotland. It runs southeast to northwest following approximately the southwestmost line of the old town walls around Leith.
Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture
The Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in western Yunnan province, China. It is bordered by Baoshan to the east and Myanmar's Kachin State to the west. Its eponymous ethnic minorities are the Dai and Jingpo, who make up 28 and 11 percent of the prefecture's population, respectively.By the end of 2024, the resident population of the whole state is 1,337,000, of which the urban population is 687,000.

Mangshi
Mangshi (Chinese: 芒市; Wade–Giles: Mangshih; Tai Nüa: ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥩᥢᥴ; Jingpho: Mangshi Myu), former name Luxi (潞西), is a county-level city and the seat of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in western Yunnan province, China. Mangshi has an area of 2,900.91 km2 (1,120.05 sq mi), with an urban area of 18.66 km2 (7.20 sq mi). Han Chinese, Dai people (Tai Nuea branch) and Jingpo people (Zaiwa branch) are the major ethnic groups. Luxi County was established in 1949, and became a county-level city in 1996.
Keith Wise
Keith Arthur John Wise (1 June 1926 – 31 March 2012), often referred to as K. A. J. Wise, was a New Zealand entomologist. Originally employed at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wise began working with the Bishop Museum in the early 1960s, coordinating field programmes for United States visits to Antarctica and Subantarctic islands. This work led Wise to identify and describe large numbers of novel species, including many species of springtail. In 1965, Wise became the first Curator of Entomology at the Auckland War Memorial Museum, where he was integral in creating the first entomology section within the natural history gallery.

Neobiosella
Neobiosella is a monotypic genus of caddisfly belonging to the family Philopotamidae. The sole species found in this genus is Neobiosella irrorata. Both the genus and species were first described by Keith Arthur John Wise in 1958. Neobiosella is endemic to New Zealand.
Province of Pennsylvania
The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as the Pennsylvania Colony, was a British North American colony founded by William Penn, who received the land through a grant from Charles II of England in 1681. The name Pennsylvania was derived from Latin, meaning "Penn's Woods", a reference to William Penn's father Admiral Sir William Penn.

Academy and College of Philadelphia
The Academy and College of Philadelphia (1749–1791) was a boys' school and men's college in Philadelphia in the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania. The college developed into the University of Pennsylvania.

Founded in 1749 by a group of local notables that included Benjamin Franklin, the Academy of Philadelphia began as a private secondary school, occupying a former religious school building at the southwest corner of 4th and Arch Streets. The academy taught reading, writing, and arithmetic to both paying and charity students. The College of Philadelphia was founded in 1755, when the academy's charter was amended to allow the granting of advanced academic degrees. The Medical School of the College of Philadelphia, founded in 1765, was the first medical school in North America.

In 1791, the College of Philadelphia merged with the University of the State of Pennsylvania, to form the present-day University of Pennsylvania.
2024 Suncorp Super Netball season
The 2024 Suncorp Super Netball season was the eighth season of the premier netball league in Australia. The season commenced on Saturday 13 April and concluded with the Grand Final on Saturday 3 August at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre. The defending premiers were the Adelaide Thunderbirds, who successfully defended their title after defeating the Melbourne Vixens in the Grand Final.

This was the first season to feature the Melbourne Mavericks, who replaced the Collingwood Magpies at the conclusion of the 2023 season.

Adelaide Thunderbirds
Adelaide Thunderbirds are an Australian professional netball team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Since 2017 they have played in Super Netball. Between 2008 and 2016, they played in the ANZ Championship and between 1997 and 2007, they played in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy league. Thunderbirds have won five premierships. They won their first two premierships in 1998 and 1999 during the Commonwealth Bank Trophy era, their third and fourth in 2010 and 2013 during ANZ Championship era, and their sixth in 2023, 2024 during the Super Netball era. Historically, Thunderbirds are one of Australia's most successful netball teams. Between 1997 and 2010 they finished in the top three of every regular season, and are the first and only team to win a Trophy at all 3 eras.
USS APc-15
USS APc-15 was a United States Navy APc-1-class small coastal transport vessel in World War II. Laid down on 29 April 1942 as Coastal Minesweeper AMc-155 at Camden Ship Building and Marineway, Camden, Maine, she was launched on 9 July 1942 and commissioned as APc-25 on 27 October 1942.

She served with the Seventh Fleet Amphibious Force in the South West Pacific Area conducting operations off the coast of New Guinea. She took part in the Bismarck Archipelago Operations around Arawe, New Britain between 17-18 and 25-26 December 1943.

APc-1-class transport
APc-1-class small coastal transports were a troopship design used during World War 2 for the United States Navy (USN). These ships were assigned to the Pacific War where they transported supplies, personnel and munitions around the Island hopping campaign. Many of the ships were under threat of air, sea and submarine attack. A few ships of the class received battle stars for combat valor, including USS APc-15, USS APc-22, USS APc-25 and USS APc-26. The wooden-hulled ships were built by many different shipyards. Following the war, many of them were converted to fishing vessels.
Lauth (Königsberg)
Lauth was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located east of the city center. Its territory is now part of the Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

The village of Lauth, which contained a large mill, was located east of Liep and Kalthof and north of the Neuer Pregel. Just east of Lauth was the pond Lauther Mühlenteich and the estate Lapsau. Lauth, whose name was of Old Prussian origin, was mentioned as Lauwete in 126 and as Lavtin in 1322.

During the 18th century Lauth was part of Amt Quednau. The fort I Stein, named in 1894, was built near Lauther Mühlenteich as part of the new Königsberg fortifications constructed from 1872 to 1894. Lauth was incorporated into the city of Königsberg in 1939.

Liep
Liep was first a suburb of and then a quarter of Königsberg, Germany, located east of the city center. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia.

Liep was a medieval fishing village which developed into an estate. Ca. 1327 the Teutonic Knights granted the vicinity to the town of Löbenicht. Documented in 1338 as Lipa, in 1340 as Lypus, and in 1446 as Lieppe, its name was of Old Prussian origin (lipa) and referred to linden trees.

Königsberger Zellstoffabrik A.G., a pulp mill, was built in Liep in 1895 and rapidly expanded in 1897, 1904, and 1906. Liep was incorporated into the city of Königsberg in 1927. Liep was neighbored by the Pregel to the south, Sackheim to the west, Kalthof to the northwest, and Lauth to the northeast.