hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James McMillin (slave trader)
James McMillin (July 26, 1806 – May 24, 1857) was an American tavern keeper and slave trader of Kentucky. He was implicated in more than one case of attempted kidnapping into slavery (the abduction of a free family of color with intent to sell them as chattel in a slave state).

In 1857, Memphis slave trader Isaac Bolton shot McMillin several times over an unprofitable trade. McMillin died hours later in the home of Memphis slave trader Nathan Bedford Forrest. His last name is very often spelled McMillan or McMillen; this article uses the spelling that appears on his grave marker and hometown newspaper.

McMillin's murder would mark the beginning the Bolton–Dickins feud, a gangland war between associates of Bolton, Dickens & Co., one of the largest professional slave trading businesses in the country. Between seven and 19 people were ultimately killed as a result of the war.

Lewis C. Robards
Lewis C. Robards (fl. 1848–1855) was a 19th-century American slave trader of Lexington, Kentucky. He had an unscrupulous reputation as a dealer, and he was widely known for his "special" offerings: fancy girls, meaning young, light-skinned enslaved women and girls offered for sexual exploitation. Robards was also considered a likely culprit in several cases of kidnapping into slavery. His slave pen was funded in part by a loan from John Hunt Morgan; when he could not repay the loan his premises were sold to Bolton, Dickens & Co., a multi-state slave-trading firm based in West Tennessee.
Voznesensky Prospekt
59°55′44″N 30°18′30″E﻿ / ﻿59.9288°N 30.3082°E﻿ / 59.9288; 30.3082

Voznesensky Prospekt (Russian: Вознесенский проспект) is a 1.8-kilometre-long (1.1 mi) street in Admiralteysky District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Crossing Saint Isaac's Square, the Moika (Blue Bridge) and Griboyedov Canal (Voznesensky Bridge), the street spans from Admiralteysky Prospekt to Izmaylovsky Bridge across Fontanka, where it turns into Izmaylovsky Prospekt. According to the city plan of 1737, the center of Saint Petersburg should develop along three radial axes meeting at the Admiralty's spire: Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Prospekt. From 1923 to 1991 the street was named Mayorov Prospekt (Проспект Майорова) after a prominent Bolshevik killed in the Russian Civil War.

Nevsky Prospect
Nevsky Prospect (Russian: Не́вский проспе́кт, romanized: Nevsky prospekt, IPA: [ˈnʲɛfskʲɪj prɐˈspʲɛkt]) is a main street (high street) located in the federal city of St. Petersburg in Russia. Its name comes from the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, the monastery which stands at the eastern end of the street, and which commemorates the Russian hero Prince Saint Alexander Nevsky (1221–1263). Following his founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703, Tsar Peter I planned the course of the street as the beginning of the road to Novgorod and Moscow. The avenue runs from the Admiralty in the west to the Moscow Railway Station and, after veering slightly southwards at Vosstaniya Square, to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Socialist Political Action
Socialist Political Action (Spanish: Acción Política Socialista), was a political party in Peru that was founded in 1980 by Gustavo Mohme Llona.  It participated in the general elections in 1980, and on the lists of United Left in 1985 and 1990. It joined the Democratic Left Movement (MDI) in 1992.

Democratic Left Movement (Peru)
Democratic Left Movement (in Spanish: Movimiento Democrático de Izquierda or MDI), was a political alliance in Peru founded in 1992 by a group of small parties, the Socialist Political Action (APS), Movement of Socialist Affirmation (MAS), Revolutionary Mariateguist Party (PMR) and Revolutionary Communist Party (PCR).

MDI contested the general elections 1992 and municipal elections 1993. Later it dissolved.
Cherepovets
Cherepovets (Russian: Череповец, IPA: [tɕɪrʲɪpɐˈvʲets]) is a city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the west of the oblast on the banks of the Sheksna River (a tributary of the Volga River) and on the shores of the Rybinsk Reservoir. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 312,310, making it the most populous city in the oblast.

Novgorod Governorate
58°26′N 32°23′E﻿ / ﻿58.433°N 32.383°E﻿ / 58.433; 32.383

Novgorod Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1727 to 1776 and from 1796 to 1927. Its administrative center was in the city of Novgorod. The governorate was located in the northwest of the European part of the Russian Empire.
Camooweal Caves National Park
Camooweal Caves is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 15 km southeast of Camooweal and 1720 km northwest of Brisbane.

The traditional name of this place is Wiliyan-ngurru National Park. The average elevation of the terrain is 242 metres.

Camooweal
Camooweal is an outback town and locality in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. The locality is on the Queensland border with the Northern Territory. In the 2021 census, the locality of Camooweal had a population of 236 people.
KONP
KONP (1450 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Port Angeles, Washington.  It airs a news-talk radio format and is owned by Radio Pacific, Inc.  KONP is co-owned with KSTI and KZQM, with studios on East First Street.

By day, KONP broadcasts at 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna.  But to protect other stations on 1450 AM from interference at night, it reduces power to 910 watts.  Programming is also heard on two FM translators:  101.3 K267CT in Sequim and 101.7 K269FX in Port Angeles.

KZEG (FM)
KZEG (104.9 FM) is a radio station operating in Sequim, Washington.

Monikered as “Rock Classic Hits", Z-104.9 plays a format of top hits from the 1960s-1980s.

KZEG is owned and operated by Radio Pacific, Inc. Its sister stations are KONP and KSTI based in neighboring Port Angeles.

Having launched under the callsign KZQM, the station changed callsigns to KZEG on November 12, 2024, coinciding with the addition of Compass Media Networks' The Anna and Raven Show during mornings, in part to settle a dispute with similarly-called KSQM over the closeness of the callsign and resultant confusion from audiences. Other than the call change and show addition, no other changes were made to the format, to the point even the logo simply switched out the 2 differing letters at that time.
Ceroptresini
Ceroptresini is a tribe of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, and includes two genera: Ceroptres and Buffingtonella. All but one of the 44 species currently recognized are in Ceroptres. Ceroptresini, containing only Ceroptres, was first proposed as a tribe in 2015, and Buffingtonella was included the tribe in 2019 when the genus was first described. Most known species in this tribe are inquilines in galls induced by other gall wasps, but some have been reared from gall midge galls.

Gall wasp
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, or cynipids, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of cynipids are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America. Diplolepididae were traditionally included within the Cynipidae but have since been designated as their own family after some more recent phylogenetic studies.
Watton-at-Stone
Watton-at-Stone is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It lies 4 miles (6 km) north of Hertford, its post town, and 5 miles (8 km) south-east of the centre of Stevenage. It lies in the valley of the River Beane and is served by Watton-at-Stone railway station. As well as the village itself, the parish also covers surrounding rural areas, including the hamlet of Whempstead and much of the Woodhall Park estate. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 2,616.

Whempstead
Whempstead is a hamlet in the parish of Watton-at-Stone, situated north of Hertford and to the south-east of Stevenage in Hertfordshire, it is close to the villages of Benington and Dane End. The hamlet consists of approximately 15 houses and several farms. All of the surrounding landscape is given over to agriculture. In 1390 a chapel was built at Whempstead, dedicated to the honour of the Blessed Virgin. In 1548 there was a dissolution of the chapel as it was in decay, but some of the buildings survived to the late 1800s, situated at the present Chapel Farm. By 1749 the number of houses had grown to the extent that the hamlet was large enough to be visible on a map of Hertfordshire for the first time. There was a public house The Gate although this closed in the 1960s.
Virginia State Route 133
State Route 133 (SR 133) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  Known as Kingsville Road, the state highway runs 1.19 miles (1.92 km) from SR 692 at Hampden-Sydney east to U.S. Route 15 (US 15) at Kingsville in central Prince Edward County.  SR 133 provides access to Hampden–Sydney College.

U.S. Route 15 in Virginia
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, to Painted Post, New York. In Virginia, the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles (370.74 km) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts. US 15 is a major north–south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia, connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside with Culpeper, Warrenton, and Leesburg in Northern Virginia.
Simon Labrosse
Simon Labrosse (1836 – August 29, 1896) was an Ontario businessman and political figure. He represented Prescott in the House of Commons of Canada as an independent Conservative member (some sources say Liberal) from 1882 to 1891.

He was born in Saint-Benoît, Lower Canada in 1836, the son of Pierre Labrosse. He married Marie Ethier in 1861. He was a merchant at St. Eugene, also serving on the council and as reeve for East Hawkesbury Township and as warden in 1874 for Prescott and Russell counties. Labrosse was also postmaster for St. Eugene from 1862 to 1882. He ran unsuccessfully against Albert Hagar for a seat in the provincial legislative in an 1881 by-election. He defeated Félix Routhier in 1882 and 1887 for the seat in the federal parliament.

He died in East Hawkesbury Township at the age of 60.

His son Louis-Joseph represented Prescott in the provincial assembly.

Louis-Joseph Labrosse
Louis-Joseph Labrosse (June 20, 1872 – April 7, 1958) was an Ontario notary and political figure. He represented Prescott in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1905 to 1908.

He was born in 1872 in St. Eugene, the son of Simon Labrosse. Labrosse was educated in Montreal and at the Ottawa Business College. In 1892, he married Yvonne Bourque. He served as postmaster at St. Eugene. He defeated François-Eugène-Alfred Évanturel to win the Prescott seat in 1905; he was defeated by Georges Pharand in 1908. He died in 1958.
Empty lattice approximation
The empty lattice approximation is a theoretical electronic band structure model in which the potential is periodic and weak (close to constant). One may also consider an empty irregular lattice, in which the potential is not even periodic. The empty lattice approximation describes a number of properties of energy dispersion relations of non-interacting free electrons that move through a crystal lattice. The energy of the electrons in the "empty lattice" is the same as the energy of free electrons. The model is useful because it clearly illustrates a number of the sometimes very complex features of energy dispersion relations in solids which are fundamental to all electronic band structures.

Electronic band structure
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).

Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical wave functions for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as electrical resistivity and optical absorption, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all solid-state devices (transistors, solar cells, etc.).
Rutherfurd (crater)
Rutherfurd is a well-preserved impact crater located on the Moon, entirely within the southern rim of the much larger crater Clavius. The crater Porter is located to the north-northeast of Rutherfurd, on the northeastern rim of Clavius. Rutherfurd forms the larger member in an arcing chain of craters of decreasing size that curves across the floor of Clavius. The craters in this chain do not appear to be the same age, so this formation is most likely random in nature.

The crater was named by and for astrophotographer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd who took the first telescopic photographs of the moon.

It has been suggested that the many pits and caves located on the crater can be used to serve as potential sites for human lunar habitats and robotic subsurface exploration.

Copernican period
The Copernican Period in the lunar geologic timescale runs from approximately 1.1 billion years ago to the present day.  The base of the Copernican period is defined by impact craters that possess bright optically immature ray systems. The crater Copernicus is a prominent example of rayed crater, but it does not mark the base of the Copernican period.

Copernican age deposits are mostly represented by crater ejecta, but a small area of mare basalt has covered part of (and is thus younger than) some of the rays of the Copernican crater Lichtenberg, and therefore the basalt is mapped as Copernican age.
Dilataria
Dilataria is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Clausiliidae.

The species of this genus are found in Mediterranean.

Species:

Dilataria boettgeriana (Paulucci, 1878)

Dilataria bosnica (Brancsik, 1897)

Dilataria marcki (L.Pfeiffer, 1868)

Dilataria pirostoma (O.Boettger, 1877)

Dilataria succineata (Rossmässler, 1836)

Clausiliidae
Clausiliidae, also known by the common name door snails, is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species, this is among the most diverse families of terrestrial gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.

Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium, which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Diocese of Salt Lake City
The Diocese of Salt Lake City (Latin: Diœcesis Civitatis Lacus Salsi) is a diocese of the Catholic Church for the State of Utah in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Las Vegas. The mother church is the Cathedral of the Madeleine in Salt Lake City. Oscar Azarcon Solis is the bishop.

Joseph Sarsfield Glass
Joseph Sarsfield Glass, C.M. (March 13, 1874 – January 26, 1926) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Salt Lake in Utah from 1915 until his death in 1926. He was a member of the Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians)
Trafigura
Trafigura Group Pte. Ltd. is a Singaporean-based multinational commodities company, with major regional hubs in Geneva, Houston, Montevideo and Mumbai, founded in 1993. The company trades in base metals and energy. It is the world's largest private metal trader and second-largest oil trader having built or purchased stakes in pipelines, mines, smelters, ports and storage terminals.

Trafigura was formed by Claude Dauphin and Eric de Turckheim in 1993 but quickly split off from a group of companies managed by Marc Rich.

Trafigura has been named or involved in several scandals, particularly the 2006 Ivory Coast toxic waste dump (which left up to 100,000 people with skin rashes, headaches and respiratory problems) and the Iraq Oil-for-Food Scandal.

Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde
Thomas Galloway Dunlop du Roy de Blicquy Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde, CH, PC (born 22 February 1960), known informally as Tom Strathclyde, is a British Conservative politician. Lord Strathclyde served in the political role of Leader of the House of Lords from the 2010 general election until January 2013 and as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, having been Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords (1998–2010). As of 2025, he is the most recent hereditary peer to serve as Leader of the Lords.
Oswego (town), New York
Oswego is a town in Oswego County, in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 7,984 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Oswego is immediately west of the City of Oswego, with which it has a common border. The town is in the western part of Oswego County.

The State University of New York at Oswego is in the northeast part of the town, next to the City of Oswego.

Oswego is the birthplace of Mary Edwards Walker, the only woman to win the Medal of Honor.

Oswego County, New York
Oswego County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 117,525. The county seat is Oswego. The county name is from a Mohawk-language word meaning 'the pouring out place', referring to the point at which the Oswego River feeds into Lake Ontario at the northern edge of the county in the city of Oswego. The county is part of the Central New York region of the state.

Oswego County is part of the Syracuse metropolitan area.
Abraham's Sacrifice of Isaac (Bencovich)
Abraham's Sacrifice of Isaac is a 1715 painting by the Baroque artist Federico Bencovich in the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters.

This painting shows Abraham with a knife in his hand raised to kill his son Isaac at the moment that the angel intervenes. Bencovich became court painter of the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz Lothar Franz von Schönborn in 1715 and completed four large canvas masterpieces for his gallery in Schloss Weißenstein. These were Apollo and Marcia, Hagar and Ishmael in the desert, Iphigenia's sacrifice and Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. The canvas of Abraham was taken in the beginning of the 19th century, but it was attributed to Piazzetta at the time. The Strossmayer gallery in Croatia purchased the painting at a London auction in 1936 and research on the painting has determined this to be the same one.

The Sacrifice of Isaac, 1715, by Piazzetta

Federico Bencovich
Federico Bencovich (Croatian: Federiko Benković; 1677 – 8 July 1753), also known as Federighetto or Ferighetto Dalmatino among others, was a Croatian-Italian late Baroque painter from Venetian Dalmatia. Although was among prominent painters of his era in North Italy, Germany and Austria, being a link between Venetian and Austrian Baroque, Bencovich's art was mostly rediscovered and valued only since the early 20th century.
China Network Television
China Network Television (CNTV; Chinese: 中国网络电视台) was a Chinese national web-based TV broadcaster of China Central Television from 2009 to 2017.

CNTV International offered 6 local language services (Chinese, Mongolian in Mongol script, Tibetan, Kazakh, Uyghur and Korean) and 6 foreign language services (English, French, Spanish, Russian, Korean and Arabic). They also provided viewers with news and feature programs from China Central Television's foreign channels.

CNTV had multiple specialty channels which focus on a wide variety of subjects, including news, business and sports. As of December 2014 according to Alexa Internet, the network's website was ranked no. 71 in the world.

CNTV was rebranded as CCTV.com (Chinese: 央视网) on January 1, 2017.

China Central Television
China Central Television (CCTV) is the national television broadcaster of the People's Republic of China. Established in 1958 as Peking Television, it was renamed as CCTV in 1978 and became a key player in the Chinese government's propaganda network. It is operated by China Media Group, supervised by National Radio and Television Administration, and led by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Freedom House and The Guardian commented that CCTV's reporting about topics sensitive to the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is distorted and often used as a weapon against the party's perceived enemies.
Alestion
Alestion is monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Alestidae, the African tetras. The only species in the genus is Alestion rapax. This fish is known only from the Kwilu River in the lower drainage basin of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Alestidae
African tetras (family Alestidae, formerly spelled Alestiidae) are a group of characiform fish found exclusively in Africa. This family contains about 18 genera and 119 species. Among the best known members are the Congo tetra and African tigerfish; both are kept in aquaria, and tigerfish are utilized for food and as gamefish.

Although currently native only to African waterways, fossil evidence suggests that during the Paleogene, they ranged as far north as southern Europe and as far east as the Arabian subcontinent. Fossil remains date back to potentially the Late Paleocene with Hydrocynus remains known from Algeria. Alestid-like teeth are also known from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of France, and phylogenetic evidence also suggests that they diverged around this time.
House of Mansfeld
The House of Mansfeld was a German princely house, which took its name from the town of Mansfeld in the present-day state of Saxony-Anhalt. Mansfelds were archbishops, generals, supporters as well as opponents of Martin Luther, and Habsburg administrators.

House of Colloredo-Mannsfeld
The House of Colloredo-Mansfeld (German pronunciation: [ˌkɔlo:.ʀe:dɔ.ˈmans.fɛlt]) is an originally Italian noble family of which a branch came to Austria in the late 16th century. There they were raised to barons in 1588, imperial counts in 1727 and imperial princes (in primogeniture) in 1763. They obtained Opočno Castle in the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1634 and acquired numerous further estates in Bohemia and Austria. In 1945 they were expropriated and expelled from the Czechoslovak Republic, but returned after 1990 and had parts of their former estates restituted. The family is one of the Mediatised Houses because the Princes were Sovereign of the County of Rieneck.
Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian)
Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian) (in Spanish: Vanguardia Revolucionaria (Proletario Comunista), abbreviated VR-PC) was a Maoist-oriented political party in Peru founded in 1977 by Eduardo Figari and Julio César Mezzich. It was formed through a split in Revolutionary Vanguard. In 1978 a faction mainly active in the peasant movement around Mezzich and Lino Quintanillo left the VR-PC and most of its members joined individually the Shining Path.

Figari served as the general secretary of the VR-PC. In October 1979 VR-PC was a co-founder of the electoral coalition Revolutionary Left Union (UNIR). El Proletario Comunista was the organ of the Central Committee of VR-PC.

Revolutionary Left Union
Revolutionary Left Union (in Spanish: Unión de Izquierda Revolucionaria), was an electoral front in Peru founded in 1980 by Communist Party of Peru (Red Fatherland), Revolutionary Vanguard (Communist Proletarian) and National Liberation Front. UNIR participated on the lists of IU from the municipal elections 1980 to 1993.