hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Revakinagene taroretcel
Revakinagene taroretcel, sold under the brand name Encelto, is an allogeneic encapsulated cell-based gene therapy used for the treatment of macular telangiectasia type 2. Revakinagene taroretcel is administered into the recipient's eye during a single surgical procedure.

Revakinagene taroretcel works by expressing recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor, which is a factor that may promote the survival and maintenance of the macular photoreceptors.

Revakinagene taroretcel was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2025.

Macular telangiectasia
Macular telangiectasia is a condition of the retina, the light-sensing tissue at the back of the eye that causes gradual deterioration of central vision, interfering with tasks such as reading and driving.

Type 1, a very rare disease involving microaneurysms in the retina, typically affects a single eye in male patients, and it may be associated with Coats' disease.

Type 2 (referred to as MacTel) is the most common macular telangiectasia. It is categorized as "macular perifoveal telangiectasia", a neurodegenerative metabolic disorder, correlated with diabetes and coronary artery disease. It generally affects both eyes and usually affects both sexes equally.

Type 3 is an extremely rare, poorly understood neurological disease of the retina. It is characterized by occlusion and telangiectasia of the capillaries of the fovea in one or both eyes, as well as some exudation.
Pavia Cathedral
Pavia Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Pavia) is a church in Pavia, Italy, the largest in the city and seat of the Diocese of Pavia. The construction was begun in the 15th century on the site of two pre-existing Romanesque, "twin" cathedrals (Santo Stefano and Santa Maria del Popolo). The cathedral houses the remains of St. Sirus, first Bishop of Pavia, and a thorn purported to be from the Crown of Thorns worn by Christ. The marble facing of the exterior was never completed.

The Civic Tower (Torre Civica), known in 1330 and enlarged in 1583, formerly stood next to the cathedral. It collapsed on March 17, 1989.

Diocese of Pavia
The Diocese of Pavia (Latin: Dioecesis Papiensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan only since 1817. Previous to the reorganization of the hierarchy in northern Italy by Pope Pius VII after the expulsion of the French and the Congress of Vienna, the diocese of Pavia had depended directly upon the Holy See, despite repeated failed attempts on the part of the Archbishops of Milan to claim control. The diocese has produced one Pope and Patriarch of Venice, and three cardinals.

The seat of the bishop is the Cattedrale di Maria Assunta e S. Stefano Protomartire in Pavia. The current bishop of Pavia is Corrado Sanguineti, appointed by Pope Francis on 1 December 2015.
William Palmer (murderer)
William Palmer (6 August 1824 – 14 June 1856), also known as the Rugeley Poisoner or the Prince of Poisoners, was an English doctor and murderer. Palmer was convicted for the 1855 murder of his friend John Cook, whom he had poisoned with strychnine. He was also suspected of poisoning several other people including his brother and his mother-in-law, as well as four of his children. Palmer made large sums of money from the deaths of his wife and brother after collecting on life insurance, and by defrauding his wealthy mother.

Palmer was hanged in public the year following his conviction. Charles Dickens called Palmer "the greatest villain that ever stood in the Old Bailey".

Strychnine
Strychnine (/ˈstrɪkniːn, -nɪn/, STRIK-neen, -⁠nin, US chiefly /-naɪn/ -⁠nyne) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree.
General Levy
Paul Scott Levy (born 28 April 1971), also known as General Levy, is an English ragga deejay, regularly employed on studio tracks by drum and bass DJs. He is best known for the track "Incredible" which he recorded with M-Beat. A remixed version of this reached number eight on the UK singles chart in 1994.

Incredible (M-Beat song)
"Incredible" is a song by British jungle producer M-Beat featuring General Levy on vocals. It was first released as a single in 1994, by Renk Records, and reached number 39 on the UK Singles Chart. A re-release a few months later featuring new mixes was much more successful, peaking at number eight, and remaining on the chart for 12 weeks. "Incredible" was the first jungle track to reach the top 10 in the UK.

General Levy's vocals on "Incredible" were adapted from a song he had previously written, titled "The Wickedest General". "Incredible" uses lyrics from Levy's song "Mad Them" as well as the beat from M-Beat's song "Style". In response to General Levy's remark, following the runaway success of "Incredible", that he was "runnin' jungle", an ad hoc "Committee" of DJs and others influential in the jungle community launched a campaign against the song.

The song was featured in the 2002 British comedy film Ali G Indahouse and appears on the film's soundtrack.
Richard Skinner (broadcaster)
Richard Skinner (born 26 December 1951) is a British radio and television presenter.

He was the opening announcer and TV anchor at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and is the only presenter to have fronted all three of the BBC's leading pop music programmes, The Old Grey Whistle Test and Top of the Pops on television and the Radio One Top 40 show.

The Old Grey Whistle Test
The Old Grey Whistle Test (sometimes abbreviated to Whistle Test or OGWT) is a British television music series broadcast by the BBC. It was devised by producer Rowan Ayers, commissioned by David Attenborough, and aired on BBC2 from 1971 to 1988. It took over the late-night slot from Disco 2, which ran between September 1970 and July 1971, while continuing to feature non-chart music. The original producer, involved in an executive capacity throughout the show's entire history, was Michael Appleton.

On 23 February 2018, a one-off live three-hour special of The Old Grey Whistle Test was broadcast on BBC Four, hosted by Bob Harris to mark 30 years since the final episode had been broadcast.
Eastern Cordillera small-footed shrew
The Eastern Cordillera small-footed shrew (Cryptotis brachyonyx) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Colombia, where it is known from the western slopes of the central Cordillera Oriental at elevations from 1,300 to 2,715 m (4,265 to 8,907 ft). It resembles C. colombiana. The species is only known from four individuals collected at two localities, the most recent record being from 1925.

Colombian small-eared shrew
The Colombian small-eared shrew (Cryptotis colombiana) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Colombia, where it is known from the Cordillera Central in Antioquia Department at elevations from 1,750 to 2,800 m (5,740 to 9,190 ft). It is found in montane forest and cultivated areas. It resembles C. brachyonyx.
Barrow Raiders
The Barrow Raiders are a semi-professional rugby league team in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, England. The club play home games at Craven Park and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Barrow have never won the League Championship, their only major honour being winning the Challenge Cup in 1955.

Traditionally the club's home colours are blue and white and main rivals are fellow semi-professional Cumbrian teams Whitehaven and Workington Town.

Oldham R.L.F.C.
Oldham Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club plays home games at Bower Fold in Stalybridge, and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Oldham have won the League Championship four times, Challenge Cup three times and the Second Division three times.

The clubs traditional home kits are red and white hooped jerseys, navy blue shorts and red socks. They share a local rivalry with Rochdale Hornets, Salford Red Devils and Swinton Lions and cross county rivalries with nearby Huddersfield Giants and Halifax.
Roger Birnstingl
Roger Birnstingl is a British classical bassoonist.  He started playing the bassoon at age 14, Educated at Bedales School and later studied with Archie Camden at the Royal College of Music in London.  He has served as principal bassoonist of the London Philharmonic (1956–1958), the Royal Philharmonic (1961–1964) and the London Symphony Orchestra (1964–1977).  He later served as principal bassoonist with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande until his retirement in 1997. He is currently professor of bassoon at the Geneva Conservatoire, where his students have included Carlo Colombo, principal bassoonist of the Lyon Opera Orchestra; and Kim Walker.  He is also a joint president of the British Double Reed Society.

Archie Camden
Archie Camden OBE (9 March 1888 – 16 February 1979) was a British bassoonist, a pedagogue and soloist who won international acclaim. In 1968 The Times said "If the bassoon is no longer considered to be the orchestra's clown, its rehabilitation is the result of Mr Camden's work as an orchestral player, soloist and teacher".
Marudhu
Marudhu is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by M. Muthaiah. It features Vishal in the lead role. Production began in November 2015. It was released worldwide on 20 May 2016 with mixed reviews but ended up as a profitable venture at the box office.

Vishal (actor)
Vishal Krishna Reddy (born 29 August 1977), professionally known as Vishal, is an Indian actor and film producer who works in Tamil cinema. He produces films under his production company, Vishal Film Factory. Vishal was conferred with the Kalaimamani award in 2006 for his contributions to Tamil cinema.

Vishal entered the film industry as an assistant director to Arjun. He then became an actor and played his first lead role in the romantic thriller Chellamae (2004), before acting in the action films Sandakozhi, Thimiru, Thaamirabharani and Malaikottai. Vishal chose to create his own production studio and has since produced and worked on Pandiya Naadu (2013), Naan Sigappu Manithan (2014) and Poojai (2014).
Ita Ford
Ita Ford, M.M. (April 23, 1940 – December 2, 1980) was an American Maryknoll Sister who served as a missionary in Bolivia, Chile and El Salvador. She worked with the poor and war refugees. On December 2, 1980, she was beaten, raped, and murdered along with three fellow missionaries — Dorothy Kazel, Maura Clarke and Jean Donovan — by members of the military of El Salvador.

1980 murders of U.S. missionaries in El Salvador
On December 2, 1980, four female Catholic missionaries from the United States working in El Salvador were raped and murdered by five members of the El Salvador National Guard (Daniel Canales Ramírez, Carlos Joaquín Contreras Palacios, Francisco Orlando Contreras Recinos, José Roberto Moreno Canjura, and Luis Antonio Colindres Alemán). The victims were Maryknoll sisters Maura Clarke and Ita Ford, Ursuline sister Dorothy Kazel and lay missionary Jean Donovan.
King's Mill, Castle Donington
King's Mill is the traditional crossing point of the River Trent between Castle Donington  in Leicestershire and Weston-on-Trent in Derbyshire. The Mill was the farthest point that traffic from the Humber could progress. A lock was installed here to make the river navigable but the business eventually collapsed due to competition with the Trent and Mersey Canal. The mill was used for grinding flints for the pottery industry, locally mined plaster, and dyestuffs when it was owned by Samuel Lloyd of the Birmingham banking company.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
Masnago Castle
45°49′40″N 8°48′03″E﻿ / ﻿45.8278017°N 8.8009681°E﻿ / 45.8278017; 8.8009681

The Castello di Masnago is a castle, now a civic art museum, located atop a hill on Via Cola di Rienzo number 42 in Mantegazza Park in the quartiere of Masnago of the town of Varese, region of Lombardy, Italy. The oldest part of the castle is an 11th-century crenellated tower, much rebuilt over the centuries. On the ground floor, there is a frescoed room, the Sala degli Svaghi, and on the first floor, two exhibition rooms – Sala dei Vizi and delle Virtù. Some of the latter frescoes pertain to the 15th-century school of Bonifacio Bembo.

The art museum has works by the Procaccini family, del Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli (commonly Morazzone e di Pietro Antonio Magatti, among more modern artists are Innocente Salvini, Enrico Bay, and Renato Guttuso.

The Castello di Masnago stands on top of a large lawn.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Convex optimization
Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets).  Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard.

Duality (optimization)
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization problem (and vice versa). Any feasible solution to the primal (minimization) problem is at least as large as any feasible solution to the dual (maximization) problem. Therefore, the solution to the primal is an upper bound to the solution of the dual, and the solution of the dual is a lower bound to the solution of the primal. This fact is called weak duality.

In general, the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition. This fact is called strong duality.
Valentin Robu
Valentin Robu (born 17 January 1967) is a retired Romanian rower. He competed in coxed fours and eights at four Olympics and eight world championships, and won two Olympic silver medals in 1988 and 1992 and eight world championship medals, including gold medals in 1989 and 1994. After retiring from competitions he worked as a rowing coach. His wife Doina Robu and brother-in-law Ioan Snep are also retired Olympic rowers.

Ioan Șnep
Ioan Gabor Șnep (born 12 July 1966) is a retired Romanian rower. Competing in coxed pairs and coxed fours he won silver medals at the 1988 Olympics and 1989 and 1991 world championships. After retiring from competitions he worked as a rowing coach. His wife Doina Șnep, sister-in-law Anișoara Bălan and brother-in-law Valentin Robu are also retired Olympic rowers.
Quinn Lord
Quinn Edmond Julian Lord (born February 19, 1999) is a Canadian actor. Beginning his professional acting career at age five, Lord played Sam in the 2007 feature film Trick 'r Treat and was nominated for the Young Artist Award as Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film for his role as Thomas Whitman in the 2012 feature film Imaginaerum. He had a recurring role in Amazon's TV series The Man in the High Castle.

Imaginaerum (film)
Imaginaerum (also promoted as Imaginaerum by Nightwish) is a 2012 fantasy film co-written and directed by Stobe Harju. It was developed with and features music from the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish's seventh studio album of the same name; Nightwish's keyboardist and songwriter Tuomas Holopainen co-wrote the film. Imaginaerum, which is produced by Markus Selin from Solar Films Inc. along with Nightwish, is the feature film debut of director Stobe Harju.

It received grants from the Finnish Film Foundation, a Finnish government institution. The film received $575,000 toward its $3.7 million budget. The film was originally titled Imaginarium, but the title was later changed to Imaginaerum in order to avoid mix-ups. The film was released on 23 November 2012 in Finland, followed by releases in Germany (21 March 2013), Australia (22 October 2014), and North America (16 June 2015).
Scott Cohen (actor)
Scott Cohen (born December 19, 1961) is an American actor best known for his supporting role as Max Medina on the first three seasons of The WB comedy drama series Gilmore Girls (2000–03), as well as his lead roles as Detective Chris Ravell on the NBC legal drama series Law & Order: Trial by Jury (2005–06), Dominic Eugene "Nico" Careles on the USA Network comedy drama series Necessary Roughness (2011–13), Ezra Wolf on the ABC legal drama series The Fix (2019), and Luca Falcone on the HBO crime drama miniseries The Penguin (2024).

He is also known for his roles in films such as The Mambo Kings (1992), Kissing Jessica Stein (2001), Love & Other Drugs, Please Give (both 2010), Anesthesia, James White (both 2015), As You Are (2016), Who We Are Now (2017), Braid, and Write When You Get Work (both 2018).

Law & Order: Trial by Jury
Law & Order: Trial by Jury is an American legal drama television series about criminal trials set in New York City. It was the fourth series in Dick Wolf's Law & Order franchise. The show's almost exclusive focus was on the criminal trial of the accused, showing both the prosecution's and defense's preparation for trial, as well as the trial itself. The series was first announced on September 28, 2004. The series premiered on Thursday, March 3, 2005, and ended on January 21, 2006. Its regular time slot was Fridays 10/9 p.m. ET on NBC. The last episode aired on Court TV months after the series' cancellation.
Quodlibet (card game)
Quodlibet (Latin: "what you like") is a traditional card game and drinking game associated with central European student fraternities that is played with William Tell pattern cards and in which the dealer is known as the 'beer king'. It is a compendium, trick-taking game for 4 players using a 32-card pack of German-suited playing cards. The Bavarian game of Rumpel is descended from Quodlibet.

Drinking game
Drinking games are games which involve the consumption of alcoholic beverages and often enduring the subsequent intoxication resulting from them. Evidence of the existence of drinking games dates back to antiquity. Drinking games have been banned at some institutions, particularly colleges and universities.
Henry L. Newhouse
Henry L. Newhouse (1874–1929) was an architect  in Chicago, Illinois. His work includes the Milford Theatre (Chicago), Blackstone-State Theater, and Sutherland Hotel. He also designed Elam House (1903) and Chicago Defender Building.

He partnered in the firm Newhouse & Bernham (occasionally misspelled as Newhouse & Burnham) with Felix M. Bernham in 1913. Their projects included the Shoreland Hotel, Mammoth Life and Accident Insurance Company Building, and McVickers Theater (1923).

Jerome Soltan was a draftsman for him and Karl Newhouse.

Newhouse designed several theaters for the Ascher Brothers theater chain. He designed at least two synagogues.

His son Henry L. Newhouse II was also an architect.

Sutherland Hotel
The Sutherland Hotel, originally built to be the Cooper–Monatah Hotel, is a historic building in the Kenwood neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Built as a high-end hotel, the Sutherland was commandeered by the US government as a military hospital before it was completed. Finally opened as a hotel in 1925, the building later became famous for its Sutherland Lounge, a popular venue for Chicago's jazz scene.
Fredrik Wallumrød
Fredrik Wallumrød (born 21 September 1973 in Kongsberg, Norway) is a Norwegian drummer and composer, known for his collaborations with musicians like Karl Seglem, Trygve Seim, Solveig Slettahjell, Jarle Bernhoft, Lene Marlin, Maria Mena, and the band Span. He is the younger brother of the pianist Christian Wallumrød, older brother of the singer Susanna Wallumrød, and cousin to the pianist David Wallumrød.

David Wallumrød
David Wallumrød (born 1977) is a Norwegian pianist, known from cooperations with artists such as Knut Reiersrud, Torun Eriksen, Jarle Bernhoft, Marit Larsen, Maria Solheim, Vidar Busk, Bigbang, Maria Mena, Thomas Dybdahl and Bjørn Eidsvåg.

He is the cousin of the musical artists Susanna Wallumrød, Fredrik Wallumrød and Christian Wallumrød. David and Susanna has worked together on several occasions.
Battle at The Lizard
The Battle at The Lizard (French: Combat du Cap Lézard) took place on 21 October 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession near Lizard Point, Cornwall between two French squadrons under René Duguay-Trouin and Claude de Forbin and a British convoy protected by a squadron under Commodore Richard Edwards. Duguay-Trouin and Forbin were two of the most successful French naval commanders and they caused much damage to the British merchant fleet.

Claude de Forbin
Claude, comte de Forbin-Gardanne (6 August 1656 – 4 March 1733) was a French Navy officer, nobleman and diplomat. From 1685 to 1688, he led a diplomatic mission to the Ayutthaya Kingdom. He became governor of Bangkok and a general in the Siamese army, and left Siam shortly before King Narai fell ill and was deposed by the 1688 coup d'état. Returning to Europe, he got involved in the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession.
Chiba New Town Railway 9800 series
The Chiba New Town Railway 9800 series (千葉ニュータウン鉄道9800形) is a commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type owned by the third-sector railway company Chiba New Town Railway and operated by the Hokuso Railway on the Hokuso Line in Japan since 21 March 2017. The sole eight-car trainset, 9808, was converted and renumbered from former Keisei 3700 series EMU set 3738 to replace the former Chiba New Town Railway 9000 series EMU withdrawn following its last day in service on 20 March 2017.

Hokusō Line
The Hokusō Line (北総線, Hokusō-sen) is a commuter rail line operated by the third-sector Hokusō Railway (controlled by the Keisei Electric Railway) in Japan. It runs between Keisei-Takasago Station in Katsushika, Tokyo and Imba Nihon-idai Station in Inzai, Chiba. It is part of the primary Keisei route between central Tokyo and Narita International Airport through the Narita Sky Access Line. It uses the ATS Type 1 system. The line's name is derived from its route through the former Shimōsa Province, which is also known as "Hokusō".