hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
What Is History?
What Is History? is a 1961 non-fiction book by historian E. H. Carr on historiography. It discusses history, facts, the bias of historians, science, morality, individuals and society, and moral judgements in history.

The book originated in a series of lectures given by Carr in 1961 at the University of Cambridge. The lectures were intended as a broad introduction into the subject of the theory of history and their accessibility has resulted in What is History? becoming one of the key texts in the field of historiography.

Some of Carr's ideas are contentious, particularly his relativism and his rejection of contingency as an important factor in historical analysis. His work provoked a number of responses, most notably Geoffrey Elton's The Practice of History.

Carr was in the process of revising What is History? for a second edition at the time of his death.

Geoffrey Elton
Sir Geoffrey Rudolph Elton FBA (born Gottfried Rudolf Otto Ehrenberg; 17 August 1921 – 4 December 1994) was a German-born British political and constitutional historian, specialising in the Tudor period. He taught at Clare College, Cambridge, and was the Regius Professor of Modern History there from 1983 to 1988.
Narvacan
Narvacan, officially the Municipality of Narvacan (Ilocano: Ili ti Narvacan; Filipino: Bayan ng Narvacan), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 46,265 people.

Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Sur (lit. 'South Ilocos'), officially the Province of Ilocos Sur (Ilocano: Probinsia ti Ilocos Sur; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Ilocos Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in Luzon. Located on the mouth of the Mestizo River is the capital of Vigan, while Candon is the most-populous city. Ilocos Sur is bordered by Ilocos Norte and Abra to the north, Mountain Province to the east, La Union and Benguet to the south and the South China Sea to the west.

Ilocos Sur was established in 1818 when the province of Ilocos was split into two: the north (now Ilocos Norte) and the south (Ilocos Sur). At that time, it included parts of Abra and the upper half of present-day La Unión. The current boundaries of the province set in March 1917 by virtue of Act No. 2683.

The province is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, namely, the Heritage City of Vigan and the Santa Maria Basilica Shrine.
V-boat
The V-boats were a group of nine United States Navy submarines built between World War I and World War II from 1921 to 1934 under authorization as the "fleet boat" program.

The term "V-boats" as used includes five separate classes of submarines: large, fast fleet submarines (V-1 through V-3), large long-range submarines (the minelayer V-4 and two submarine cruisers V-5 and V-6) and three medium-sized submarines (V-7 through V-9).

The successful fleet submarines of World War II (Tambor class through Tench class) were descended from the last three, especially V-7, though somewhat larger and powered by pure diesel-electric propulsion systems.

Originally called USS V-1 through V-9 (SS-163 through SS-171), in 1931 the nine submarines were renamed Barracuda, Bass, Bonita, Argonaut, Narwhal, Nautilus, Dolphin, Cachalot, and Cuttlefish, respectively. All served in World War II, six of them on war patrols in the central Pacific. Argonaut was lost to enemy action.

AA-1-class submarine
The AA-1 class was a class of three experimental submarines of the United States Navy, built toward the end of World War I, between 1916 and 1920, intended to produce a high-speed fleet submarine. The design was not a success and the submarines saw only limited active service. However, the lessons learned were applied to the design of the later V-boats. The class was later renamed as the T-class.
John Rowland (Desperate Housewives)
John Rowland is a fictional character portrayed by actor Jesse Metcalfe and created by television producer and screenwriter Marc Cherry for the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. The character is introduced as the teenage gardener of one of the titular housewives, Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria), with whom she cheats on her husband, Carlos Solis (Ricardo Antonio Chavira).

Carlos Solis
Carlos Solis (/soʊˈliːs/) is a fictional character portrayed by Ricardo Chavira on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. He is, for most of the series, the husband of Gabrielle Solis, portrayed by Eva Longoria.
WAPI (AM)
WAPI (1070 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States, that is currently silent. It is owned by Cumulus Media, with studios on Goodwin Crest Drive in Homewood and a transmitter in Forestdale. Prior to going silent in March 2025, WAPI simulcast the conservative talk format of co-owned WZRR. WAPI also broadcast in HD Radio.

WJQX
WJQX (100.5 FM, "Jox Tuscaloosa") is a commercial radio station licensed to Helena, Alabama, and serving Greater Birmingham and Central Alabama.  It is one of several sports radio stations owned by Cumulus Media in the Birmingham area, along with WJOX 690 AM and 94.5 WJOX-FM.  Most of WJQX's schedule is from ESPN Radio and it also carries Auburn University Tigers sports.  The studios are on Goodwin Crest Drive in Homewood.

WJQX is a Class C1 FM station.  It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 69,000 watts.  The transmitter is off Cedar Crest Road in Vance, Alabama.
Lovers of Haeundae
Lovers of Haeundae (Korean: 해운대 연인들; RR: Haeundae yeonindeul) is a 2012 South Korean television series about a prosecutor who goes undercover to infiltrate a crime family in Haeundae, Busan, and after losing his memory, falls in love with the daughter of a mob boss.

Haeundae District
Haeundae District (Korean: 해운대구; RR: Haeundae-gu) is a district (gu) of Busan, South Korea.

Haeundae has a population of about 423,000, the most populous district of Busan with 11.6% of the city population, and covers an area of 51.44 km2 (19.86 sq mi) in eastern Busan. Haeundae became a division of Busan Metropolitan City in 1976 and attained the status of district in 1980.

Haeundae is linked to Busan Subway Line 2 and train stations on the Donghae Nambu railway line.
Pawnee Scouts
Pawnee Scouts were employed by the United States Army in the latter half of the 19th century. Like other groups of Indian scouts, Pawnee men were recruited in large numbers to aid in the ongoing conflicts between settlers and the Native Americans in the United States. Because the Pawnee people were at war with the Sioux and Cheyenne and had been under constant pressure and aggression by those tribes, some of them were more than willing to serve with the army for pay. A number of Pawnee served between 1864 and 1871. They were armed with rifles, revolvers and were issued scout uniforms.

United States Army Indian Scouts
Native Americans have made up an integral part of American military conflicts since the Colonial period. Colonists recruited Indian allies during conflicts such as the Pequot War, the French and Indian Wars, the Revolutionary War, as well as in War of 1812. Native Americans also fought on both sides during the American Civil War, as well as military missions abroad including the most notable, the Codetalkers who served in World War II. The Scouts were active in the American West in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Including those who accompanied General John J. Pershing in 1916 on his expedition to Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa. Indian Scouts were officially deactivated in 1947 when their last member retired from the Army at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. For many Indians it was an important form of interaction with European-American culture and their first major encounter with the Whites' way of thinking and doing things.
Green Line Rivalry
The Green Line Rivalry, also known as the B-Line Rivalry, the Battle of Boston and Battle of Commonwealth Avenue, is the name for the sports rivalry between Boston College and Boston University. The rivalry is named after the Green Line, a light rail line that runs along Commonwealth Avenue and links the two schools as part of the MBTA, Boston's public transit system. The two campuses lie less than five miles apart.

The Green Line Rivalry is considered one of the top rivalries in college sports and first among college hockey rivalries.

Beanpot (ice hockey)
The Beanpot is an annual men's and women's ice hockey tournament among the four major college hockey teams of the Greater Boston area in the United States: the Boston University Terriers, Boston College Eagles, Harvard University Crimson, and Northeastern University Huskies.

The men's tournament is held annually since the 1952–53 season, usually during the first two Mondays in February. Games are played at TD Garden since 1996, except for 2021 when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.  Boston College is the current men's Beanpot champion, having won the 2026 tournament.  The women's tournament began in 1979, with the championship game being held at TD Garden since 2024. Harvard won the 2026 women’s tournament in overtime against Boston University.

Due to the success of the hockey tournament, numerous other "Beanpots" have been contested in a number of other sports over the years, usually involving teams from the same four schools.
Mohit Raina
Mohit Raina (born 14 August 1985) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films and television. He started his acting career with a science fiction show Antariksh (2004) and later went on to play a role in Don Muthu Swami (2008). He is best known for the lead role of the Hindu god Shiva in the television series Devon Ke Dev – Mahadev and Mahabharat, prior to which he is known for the roles as lead in Chehra , Ganga Kii Dheej and supporting role in Bandini.

Devon Ke Dev...Mahadev
Devon Ke Dev… Mahadev (transl.  Lord of the Lords… Mahadev), often abbreviated as DKDM, is a series based on Mahadev, one of the main deities of Hinduism. It premiered on 18 December 2011, airing Monday to Friday nights on Life OK. The 820-episode series concluded on 14 December 2014. The entire series has been made available on Disney+ Hotstar and Hulu.
Tāwhao
Tāwhao was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Tainui confederation of tribes, based at Kāwhia, New Zealand. He probably lived around 1500 CE. He was the last chief to lead the whole of Tainui, as the feud between his two sons Whatihua and Tūrongo led him to divide it into northern and southern sections.

Tūrongo
Tūrongo  was a Māori rangatira (chief) in the Tainui confederation of tribes, based at Rangiātea, near Waikeria, New Zealand. He quarrelled with his brother, Whatihua, and as a result Tainui was split between them, with Tūrongo receiving the southern Waikato region. His marriage to Māhina-a-rangi created a genealogical link between Tainui and Ngāti Kahungunu of the East Coast, which is still commemorated. He probably lived in the early sixteenth century.
Monte Vista Elementary School (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
Monte Vista Elementary School is a public elementary school in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico, whose campus is listed in the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places. It is notable as one of the city's best examples of Mediterranean Revival architecture and as the historical focal point of the surrounding neighborhood. It is a part of Albuquerque Public Schools.

Albuquerque Public Schools
Albuquerque Public Schools (APS) is a school district based in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Founded in 1891, APS is the largest of 89 public school districts in the state of New Mexico. In 2022 it had a total of 143 schools with some 70,000 students, making it one of the largest school districts in the United States. APS operates 88 elementary, 5 K-8, 28 middle, 20 high, 31 charter, and alternative schools. They also own the radio station KANW and co-own the TV stations KNME-TV and KNMD-TV along with the University of New Mexico.

APS serves a majority of Bernalillo County. Exceptions include Barton, the county's portion of Manzano Springs, and a section of Sedillo. APS also includes a portion of Sandoval County, where it serves Corrales.
Dee Rees
Diandrea Rees (born February 7, 1977) is an American screenwriter and director. She is known for her feature films Pariah (2011), Bessie (2015), Mudbound (2017), and The Last Thing He Wanted (2020). Rees has also written and directed episodes for television series including Empire, When We Rise, and Philip K. Dick's Electric Dreams.

Rees is the first African-American woman nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, for Mudbound. She has also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Writing and Outstanding Directing for a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie, and won the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Miniseries or TV Film for Bessie.

Rees received a United States Artists Fellowship in 2011.

The Last Thing He Wanted (film)
The Last Thing He Wanted is a 2020 political thriller film directed by Dee Rees, based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Joan Didion, from a screenplay by Rees and Marco Villalobos. The film stars Anne Hathaway, Ben Affleck, Rosie Perez, Edi Gathegi, Mel Rodriguez, Toby Jones, and Willem Dafoe.

The Last Thing He Wanted had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2020, and was released in select theaters on February 14, 2020, followed by a release on February 21 on Netflix. The film was panned by critics, who criticized the writing.
...And Justice for All (film)
...And Justice for All is a 1979 American legal comedy-drama film directed by Norman Jewison and starring Al Pacino, Jack Warden and John Forsythe. Lee Strasberg, Jeffrey Tambor, Christine Lahti, Craig T. Nelson, Thomas Waites and Sam Levene (in his final screen performance) appear in supporting roles. The Oscar-nominated screenplay was written by Valerie Curtin and Barry Levinson. It was filmed in Baltimore, including the courthouse area. It received two Academy Award nominations: Best Actor (Pacino) and Best Original Screenplay (Curtin and Levinson).

Barry Levinson
Barry Lee Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Levinson won the Academy Award for Best Director for Rain Man (1988). His other best-known works are Diner (1982), The Natural (1984), Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), Bugsy (1991), and Wag the Dog (1997). In 2021, he co-executive produced the Hulu miniseries Dopesick and directed the first two episodes.
The Pipettes
The Pipettes /pɪˈpɛts/ were a British indie pop girl group formed in 2003 in Brighton by Robert "Monster Bobby" Barry. The group has released two albums, We Are the Pipettes, and Earth vs. The Pipettes and released numerous singles to support it; the most successful being "Pull Shapes" which peaked at No. 26 in the UK Singles Chart. The group was active from 2003 to 2011.

The group was originally composed of Julia Clarke-Lowes, Rose Elinor Dougall and RiotBecki. At the time of their debut album Clarke-Lowes had been replaced by Gwenno. In 2008, Dougall and Stephens also left the group. By 2010, the line-up consisted of Gwenno and her sister Ani. Their album Earth vs. The Pipettes was released on 6 October 2010 in the UK.

The female members were backed by an all-male band, the Cassettes, which included Bobby, brothers Jon and Seb Falcone, and Alex White.

Ani Glass
Anna Eiluned Saunders (born 20 October 1984 in Cardiff) is a Welsh-Cornish musician better known under her stage name, Ani Glass. She is also an artist, producer and a photographer and has studied for a PhD in Economical and Regional Development at Cardiff University.
Zach Apple
Zachary Douglas Apple (born April 23, 1997) is an American retired competitive swimmer who specialized in the sprint freestyle events. He used to swim for DC Trident in the International Swimming League. He won his first Olympic gold medal in the 4x100-meter freestyle relay at the 2020 Summer Olympics, swimming in the prelims and the final of the event, and later in the same Olympic Games won a gold medal and helped set a new world record and Olympic record in the 4x100-meter medley relay, swimming the freestyle leg of the relay in the final.

He competed at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships held in Gwangju, South Korea, winning four medals – two gold, one silver, and one bronze. He won a gold medal and set a new Championships record as part of the finals relay in the 4x100 meter freestyle relay. He was also a part of the finals relay team in the mixed 4x100-meter freestyle relay that won the gold medal in a world record time of 3 minutes, 19.40 seconds.

Blake Pieroni
Blake John Pieroni (/pəˈroʊni/ pə-ROH-nee; born November 15, 1995) is a three-time Olympic gold medalist in swimming. He is a two time Olympian and gold medalist in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay at both the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics. On the relay in 2016, he swam in the prelims of the race, on the 2020 Olympics 4×100-meter freestyle relay he swam in both the prelims and the final. He also won a gold medal in the 4x100-meter medley relay at the 2020 Olympic Games, swimming the freestyle leg of the relay in the prelims.
David Harte (Gaelic footballer)
David Harte (born 23 December 1981) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for the Errigal Ciarán club and for the Tyrone county team.

He was a member of the All-Ireland winning side of 2005 and also of the All-Ireland winning team of 2008. Harte plays his club football with Errigal Ciarán and has won two Tyrone Senior Football Championships and the Ulster Senior Football Championship with them.

He is one of the attack-minded defenders on the Tyrone panel, such as Ryan McMenamin. He is the nephew of Mickey Harte, who was Tyrone manager during his playing days.

Errigal Ciarán GAC
Errigal Ciarán GAC is a Gaelic Athletic Association Gaelic football club in southern County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It represents the parish of the same name, which incorporates the village of Ballygawley and its surrounding area. The club was founded in its current guise in 1990, succeeding the Ballygawley St Ciaran's club which represented the parish from the 1920s until the 1980s.
Petri Kotwica
Petri Kotwica (born 17 April 1964 in Pargas) is a Finnish film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his 2007 film Black Ice for which he received Jussi Awards for Best Director and Best Screenwriter.

Black Ice (2007 film)
Black Ice (Finnish: Musta jää) is a 2007 Finnish drama film written and directed by Petri Kotwica. Produced as a Finnish-German joint production, it stars actors Outi Mäenpää, Martti Suosalo and Ria Kataja in a twisted love triangle.

The film was first screened at the Helsinki International Film Festival on 26 September 2007 before being released to the Finnish movie theaters on 19 October 2007.

Black Ice was nominated for nine Jussi Awards, eventually winning five, including Best Lead Actress (Outi Mäenpää) and Best Film. Petri Kotwica was also nominated for Best Director at the Berlin International Film Festival as was Ria Kataja for her role as Tuuli at the Festroia International Film Festival.
Virginia State Route 218
State Route 218 (SR 218) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 30.00 miles (48.28 km) from U.S. Route 1 and US 17 Business in Falmouth east to SR 205 in Tetotum.  SR 218 connects suburban communities in Stafford County east of Fredericksburg with rural areas in northern and eastern King George County.

Most of SR 218 in King George County is a Virginia Byway.

Virginia State Route 205
State Route 205 (SR 205) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 18.47 miles (29.72 km) from SR 3 at Purkins Corner east to SR 3 at Oak Grove. SR 205 connects several small communities in eastern King George County and northwestern Westmoreland County. The state highway also passes through the Potomac River resort of Colonial Beach, where the highway has a spur, State Route 205Y (SR 205Y).
2013 FAI Cup final
The 2013 FAI Cup final was the final match of the 2013 FAI Cup, the national association football cup of the Republic of Ireland. The match took place on 3 November 2013 at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin. Drogheda United and Sligo Rovers contested the match.

The match was shown live on RTÉ Two and RTÉ Two HD in Ireland and was refereed by Paul Tuite, assisted by Damien MacGraith and Michelle O’Neill with Derek Tomney as Fourth Official. The Referee Observer was John Duffy.

Sligo Rovers won the cup for the third time in four years. Rovers substitute Danny North proved the difference between the sides with two goals in the last 15 minutes and assisted in a third for Anthony Elding to win it deep in injury time.

The match was preceded by the 2013 FAI Women's Cup Final, in which Raheny United defeated Castlebar Celtic after extra time.

2013 FAI Women's Cup final
The 2013 FAI Women's Cup final was the final match of the 2013 FAI Women's Cup, the national association football Cup of the Republic of Ireland. The match took place on 3 November 2013 at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin. Raheny United and Castlebar Celtic contested the match.

The match was shown live on RTÉ2 and RTÉ2 HD in Ireland and was refereed by Marie Ward, assisted by Deirdre Nolan and Olivia Syned with Natasha Valenti as Fourth Official. The Referee Observer was Victor Loughman.

Raheny United won the Cup to retain the trophy they won for the first time the previous year. Underdogs Castlebar Celtic equalised twice to force extra time but were unable to come back a third time after conceding an own goal.
Ernest Brown (British politician)
Alfred Ernest Brown CH MC PC (27 August 1881 – 16 February 1962) was a British politician who served as leader of the Liberal Nationals from 1940 until 1945. He was a member of Parliament and also held many other political offices throughout the Second World War.

National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)
The National Liberal Party, known until 1948 as the Liberal National Party, was a liberal political party in the United Kingdom from 1931 to 1968. It broke away from the Liberal Party on the issue of abandoning free trade and supporting protectionism, and later co-operated and merged with the Conservative Party.
Dan Sultan
Daniel Leo Sultan is an Australian alternative rock singer-songwriter and guitarist, actor and author. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010 he won Best Male Artist and Best Blues & Roots Album for his second album, Get Out While You Can (November 2009). At the 2014 ceremony he won Best Rock Album for Blackbird (April 2014), which had reached number four on the ARIA Albums Chart. In 2017, Sultan's record Killer was nominated for three ARIA awards: Best Male Artist, Best Rock Album, and Best Independent Release. Sultan's debut children's music album Nali & Friends was named Best Children's Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2019.

Get Out While You Can
Get Out While You Can is the second studio album by Australian musician Dan Sultan, released in November 2009.

At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010, Sultan won two awards; Best Male Artist and Best Blues and Roots Album.
Comando Jaramillista Morelense 23 de Mayo
The Comando Jaramillista Morelense of May 23 (shortened CJ23M) is a rebel group in Mexico, attached to agrarian and leftist thoughts, taking the name of the agrarian leader and militar Rubén Jaramillo. His operation is a classic armed propaganda action that fulfilled one objective: to disseminate the existence of the command and its ideology. An initiative carried out at a time of profound political decomposition in the rest of the country, preceded by the making of paintings that gave account of the existence of the group in different parts of the states of Morelos.

Rubén Jaramillo
Rubén Jaramillo Méndez (1900 – May 23, 1962) was a Mexican military and political leader of campesino origin who participated in the Mexican Revolution. After the Revolution, he continued to fight for the land reform promised under the Mexican Constitution.