hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi
Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi (1694 – 15 December 1783) was the first ruler of Oman of the Al Bu Said dynasty. He came to power during a period when Oman was divided by civil war, and the Persians had occupied large parts of the country. During his long rule as Imam, the country prospered and regained its leading position in the Persian Gulf.

Al Jalali Fort
Al Jalali Fort, or Ash Sharqiya Fort, is a fort in the harbor of Old Muscat, Oman. The fort was built by the Portuguese under Philip I of Portugal in the 1580s on an earlier Omani fortress to protect the harbor after Muscat had twice been sacked by Ottoman forces. The fort fell to Omani forces in 1650. During the civil wars between 1718 and 1747, the fort was twice captured by Persians who had been invited to assist one of the rival Imams. The fort was extensively rebuilt later.

At times, Al Jalali served as a refuge or a jail for a member of the royal family. For much of the 20th century it was used as Oman's main prison, but this function ended in the 1970s. Fort al-Jalali was restored in 1983 and converted into a private museum of Omani cultural history that is accessible only to dignitaries visiting the country. Exhibits include cannons, old muskets and matchlocks, maps, rugs and other artifacts.
Linum medium
Linum medium, common name stiff yellow flax, is a species of Linum (flax) native to eastern North America. It is found as far west as Texas and Wisconsin, east to the Atlantic Ocean, north to Ontario and Maine, and south to southern Florida. It is also found in The Bahamas.

Its natural habitat is open areas such as prairies and savannas, often on acidic soil. It is a conservative species, usually restricted to high-quality natural communities.

Linum medium is a perennial that produces flowers in mid-summer. It is one of several yellow-flowered Linum species that are widespread in eastern North America; others include L. floridanum, L. striatum, L. sulcatum, and L. virginianum.

Linum
Linum (flax) is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae. They are native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world. The genus includes the common flax (L. usitatissimum), the bast fibre of which is used to produce linen and the seeds to produce linseed oil.

The flowers of most species are blue or yellow, rarely red, white, or pink, and some are heterostylous. There is an average of 6 to 10 seeds per boll.

Linum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the cabbage moth, the nutmeg, the setaceous Hebrew character and Coleophora striolatella, which feeds exclusively on Linum narbonense.
Lindhard theory
In condensed matter physics, Lindhard theory is a method of calculating the effects of electric field screening by electrons in a solid. It is based on quantum mechanics (first-order perturbation theory) and the random phase approximation. It is named after Danish physicist Jens Lindhard, who first developed the theory in 1954.

Thomas–Fermi screening, plasma oscillations and Friedel oscillations can be derived as a special case of the more general Lindhard formula. In particular, Thomas–Fermi screening is the limit of the Lindhard formula when the wavevector (the reciprocal of the length-scale of interest) is much smaller than the Fermi wavevector, i.e. the long-distance limit. The Lorentz–Drude expression for the plasma oscillations are recovered in the dynamic case (long wavelengths, finite frequency).

This article uses cgs-Gaussian units.

Friedel oscillations
In solid-state physics,  Friedel oscillations in the surface of a solid arise from localized perturbations in a metallic or semiconductor system caused by a defect in the Fermi gas or Fermi liquid. Friedel oscillations are a quantum mechanical analog to electric charge screening of charged species in a pool of ions. Whereas electrical charge screening utilizes a point entity treatment to describe the make-up of the ion pool, Friedel oscillations describing fermions in a Fermi fluid or Fermi gas require a quasi-particle or a scattering treatment. Such oscillations depict a characteristic exponential decay in the fermionic density near the perturbation followed by an ongoing sinusoidal decay resembling sinc function.

The phenomenon is named after Jacques Friedel, who predicted the effect in 1952.
Adenaria
Adenaria is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Lythraceae containing the single species Adenaria floribunda. Its common names include fruta de pavo. It is native to Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and parts of Central and South America.

Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 28 genera and about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.  The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the members of the former families of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.

The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae.  The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.
Impingement filter
An impingement filter can be used to purify a polluted solution, be it gas or liquid.

The impingement filter acts by inducing the solution to change direction and the particles to adhere to the filter medium. In many cases this filter medium is designed to contain apertures of specific size which will absorb the impurities in the solution. The gas or liquid, less impurities, is permitted free passage through the medium.

Common examples of impingement filters are air filters, fuel filters and oil filters used in cars, trucks etc.

Oil filter
An oil filter is a filter designed to remove contaminants from engine oil, transmission oil, lubricating oil, or hydraulic oil. Their chief use is in internal-combustion engines for motor vehicles (both on- and off-road ),  powered aircraft, railway locomotives, ships and boats, and static engines such as generators and pumps. Other vehicle hydraulic systems, such as those in automatic transmissions and power steering, are often equipped with an oil filter. Gas turbine engines, such as those on jet aircraft, also require the use of oil filters. Oil filters are used in many different types of hydraulic machinery. The oil industry itself employs filters for oil production, oil pumping, and oil recycling. Modern engine oil filters tend to be "full-flow" (inline) or "bypass".
Mon–Burmese script
The Mon–Burmese script (Burmese: မွန်မြန်မာအက္ခရာ, listenⓘ; Mon: အက္ခရ်မန်ဗၟာ, listenⓘ, also called the Mon script and Burmese script) is an abugida that derives from the Pallava Grantha script of southern India and later of Southeast Asia. It is the primary writing system for Burmese, Mon, Shan, Rakhine, Jingpho, and several Karen languages.

The Mon-Burmese script is distinguished from Khmer-derived scripts (e.g., Khmer and Thai) by its basis on Pali orthography (they traditionally lack Sanskrit letters representing the sibilants ⟨ś⟩ and ⟨ṣ⟩ and the vocalic sonorants ⟨ṛ⟩ and ⟨ḷ⟩), the use of a virāma, and the round shape of letters.

Ahom script
The Ahom script or Tai Ahom Script is an abugida that is used to write the Ahom language, a dormant Tai language undergoing revival spoken by the Ahom people till the late 18th-century, who established the Ahom kingdom and ruled the eastern part of the Brahmaputra valley between the 13th and the 18th centuries.  The old Ahom language today survives in the numerous manuscripts written in this script currently in institutional and private possession.
Swanley
Swanley is a town and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England, 16 miles (26 km) southeast of central London, adjacent to the Greater London boundary and within the M25 motorway periphery. The population at the 2021 census was 17,826.

Dartford
Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. It is located 18 mi (29 km) south-east of Central London and
is situated adjacent to the London Borough of Bexley to its west. To its north, across the Thames Estuary, is Thurrock in Essex, which can be reached via the Dartford Crossing. To its east lies the Borough of Gravesham and to the south the district of Sevenoaks. It had a population of 51,240.

The town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows and where the old road from London to Dover crossed: hence the name, which derives from Darent + ford. Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub; the main through-road now by-passes the town itself.
Bream Bay College
Bream Bay College is a secondary school in Ruakākā, in the Whangarei District, Northland, New Zealand. The school serves Ruakākā, One Tree Point to the north, the marae-based community of Takahiwai to the west, the town of Waipu to the south, and farming communities inland. The school was founded as Waipu District High School in 1940. It was renamed Bream Bay College in 1972. It opened at its present location on the corner of Marsden Point Road and Peter Snell Road in 1974.

Waipu, New Zealand
Waipu (Māori: Waipū) is a small town in Bream Bay, in the Northland Region of New Zealand.  The town has a Scottish heritage; a highlight of the town's calendar is the annual Highland Games held at New Year.  Near the town are the Waipū Caves, which contain a significant population of glow worms.
Region Zealand
Region Zealand (Danish: Region Sjælland) is an administrative region of Denmark. It is one of the five classified NUTS-2 statistical regions of Denmark. It was established on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which abolished the traditional counties ("amter"). The region incorporates the southernmost parts of the country, and encompasses an area of 7,223 km2 (2,789 sq mi).

Zealand will merge with the Capital Region of Denmark on 1 January 2027 to create the Region of Eastern Denmark.

The region shares the island of Sjælland (Zealand) with the neighbouring Capital Region of Copenhagen. The region also includes the islands of Lolland, Falster, and Møn. It incorporates the provinces of Østsjælland and Vest-og Sydsjælland, which consists of 17 municipalities. With a population of just over 0.85 million, it is the second least populated of the all the regions in Denmark. The largest city is Roskilde.

Region of Eastern Denmark
The Region of Eastern Denmark (Danish: Region Østdanmark) is a future administrative region of Denmark to be formed on 1 January 2027 from the merger of the Capital Region of Denmark and Region Zealand. It will contain 46 municipalities, including Copenhagen, Denmark's capital and largest city. The regional headquarters will be located in Sorø, where the headquarters of Region Zealand are currently located.
Rosenhayn, New Jersey
Rosenhayn is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Deerfield Township, in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Vineland-Millville- Bridgeton Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area for statistical purposes. As of the 2010 United States census, the CDP's population was 1,098.

Rosenhayn was founded as a Jewish agricultural colony and the 1898 Rosenhayn synagogue is one of the fewer than 100 surviving nineteenth century synagogue buildings in the United States.

Deerfield Township, New Jersey
Deerfield Township is a township in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Vineland--Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and which constitutes a part of the Delaware Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 3,136, an increase of 17 (+0.5%) from the 2010 census count of 3,119, which in turn reflected an increase of 192 (+6.6%) from the 2,927 counted in the 2000 census.

Deerfield Township was formed as a precinct on January 19, 1748, and was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships. Portions of the township were taken to form Bridgeton Township (March 3, 1845) and Upper Deerfield Township (February 23, 1922). The township was named for Deerfield, Massachusetts.
Bristol, New Hampshire
Bristol is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,244 at the 2020 census. It is home to Wellington State Park, Sugar Hill State Forest, and Profile Falls on the Smith River. Surrounded by hills and lakes, Bristol includes the lower two-thirds of Newfound Lake, a resort area.

The primary settlement in town, where 1,911 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Bristol census-designated place (CDP) and is located at the intersection of New Hampshire routes 3A and 104.

Wellington State Park
Wellington State Park is a 220-acre (89 ha) public recreation area located on the southwest shore of Newfound Lake in Bristol, New Hampshire. The state park features the largest freshwater swimming beach in the New Hampshire state park system. Activities include swimming, fishing, non-motorized boating, hiking and picnicking. A 7-mile (11 km) trail system that begins in the park leads hikers to the top of Little and Big Sugarloaf mountains.

The park owes its existence to the largesse of Elizabeth R. Wellington, who in 1931 turned over a tract of land known as the Wellington Reservation to the state for the handsome sum of $1. The Civilian Conservation Corps developed the park during the 1930s.
Violet Brown
Violet Brown (née Mosse; 10 March 1900 – 15 September 2017) was a Jamaican supercentenarian who was the oldest verified living person in the world for five months, following the death of Emma Morano on 15 April 2017 until her own death at the age of 117 years, 189 days on 15 September 2017. She was, along with Japanese woman Nabi Tajima, one of the last two living people known to have been born in the 19th century. She is the oldest verified Jamaican person in history.

Emma Morano
Emma Martina Luigia Morano OMRI (29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017) was an Italian supercentenarian. She was the world's oldest living person from 13 May 2016 until her death on 15 April 2017, aged 117 years and 137 days. She was also the last living person verified to have been born in the 1800s. She remains the oldest Italian person ever to be documented and the fourth-oldest European ever.
Portuguese Basketball Super Cup
The Portuguese Basketball Super Cup is a men's professional basketball competition in Portugal (Portuguese: "Supertaça de Portugal de Basquetebol") and it is played by the champions of the Portuguese league and the winners of the Portuguese Cup. It is a super cup competition. Benfica have won a record 15 trophies.

Portuguese Basketball Cup
The Portuguese Basketball Cup (Portuguese: Taça de Portugal de Basquetebol) is the top-tier level men's professional national club basketball cup competition in Portugal. It is organized by the Portuguese Basketball Federation (Federação Portuguesa de Basquetebol).
Titi Cercel
Titi Cercel (15 May 1959 – December 2016) was a Romanian boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he defeated Róbert Gönczi of Hungary, before losing to Adolfo Horta of Cuba.

Adolfo Horta
Adolfo Horta (3 October 1957 – 28 November 2016) was a Cuban amateur boxer, who won the silver medal in the Men's Featherweight division (– 57 kg) at age 22 at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. He was beaten by East Germany's Rudi Fink on points (1-4). Horta won eleven consecutive national championships and three gold medals in the World Amateur Boxing Championships in different weight classes, which appears to have been a unique achievement, but he would never return to the Olympics, as Cuba boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Fairfax County Public Schools
The Fairfax County Public Schools system (FCPS) is a school division in the U.S. commonwealth of Virginia. It is a branch of the Fairfax County government, which administers public schools in Fairfax County and the City of Fairfax. FCPS's headquarters is located near Falls Church.

With 188,887 students enrolled as of 2019, FCPS is the largest public school system in Virginia and the 11th-largest school district in the nation. The school division has been led by Division Superintendent Michelle Reid since July 2022.

Annandale, Virginia
Annandale (/ˈænəndeɪl/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population of the CDP was 43,363 as of the 2020 United States census. It is home to the oldest and largest branch of the Northern Virginia Community College system, and to one of the D.C. area's Koreatowns.
WBSU
WBSU (89.1 FM) is a student-run radio station licensed to Brockport, New York, United States. The station serves the entire Western New York region and into Toronto. WBSU is known better today as 89.1 The Point.  The station is owned by State University of New York, and operates from The College at Brockport.

SUNY Brockport
State University of New York at Brockport (also known as SUNY Brockport or Brockport State, and previously The College at Brockport) is a public university in Brockport, New York, United States. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY).
Daffynition
A daffynition (a portmanteau blend of daffy and definition) is a form of pun involving the reinterpretation of an existing word, on the basis that it sounds like another word (or group of words). Presented in the form of dictionary definitions, they are similar to transpositional puns, but often much less complex and easier to create.

Under the name Uxbridge English Dictionary, making up daffynitions is a popular game on the BBC Radio 4 comedy quiz show I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue.

A lesser-known subclass of daffynition is the goofinition, which relies strictly on literal associations and correct spellings, such as "lobster = a weak tennis player". This play on words is similar to Cockney rhyming slang.

Transpositional pun
A transpositional pun is a pun format with two aspects. It involves transposing the words in a well-known phrase or saying to get a daffynition-like clever redefinition of a well-known word unrelated to the original phrase. The redefinition is thus the first aspect, and the transposition the second aspect. As a result, transpositional puns are considered among the most difficult to create, and commonly the most challenging to comprehend, particularly for non-native speakers of the language in which they're given (most commonly English).
Doctor Ox
Doctor Ox (French: Le Docteur Ox) is a collection of short stories by Jules Verne, first published in 1874 by Pierre-Jules Hetzel.

It consists of four varied works by Verne:

"Une fantaisie du Docteur Ox" ("Dr. Ox's Experiment," 1872), illustrated by Lorenz Froelich

"Maître Zacharius" ("Master Zacharius," 1854), illustrated by Théophile Schuler

"Un drame dans les airs" ("A Drama in the Air," 1851), illustrated by Émile-Antoine Bayard

"Un hivernage dans les glaces" ("A Winter Amid the Ice," 1855), illustrated by Adrien Marie and Barbant

The collection also includes a preface by Pierre-Jules Hetzel and a story, "Quarantième ascension au mont Blanc" ("Fortieth Ascent of Mont Blanc"), written by Verne's brother Paul and illustrated by Edmond Yon.

A Winter amid the Ice
"A Winter amid the Ice" (French: Un hivernage dans les glaces) is an 1855 short adventure story by Jules Verne.

The story was first printed in April–May 1855 in the magazine Musée des familles. It was later reprinted by Pierre-Jules Hetzel in the collection Doctor Ox (1874), as part of the Voyages Extraordinaires series. Three English translations ("A Winter amid the Ice" by George Makepeace Towle, "A Winter Among the Ice-Fields" by Abby L. Alger, and "A Winter's Sojourn in the Ice" by Stephen William White) were published in 1874.
Erawirung
The Erawirung (Yirawirung, Jirawirung) people, also known as Yirau, Juju and other names, were an Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional territory was located in what is today the Riverland of South Australia. They consisted of sub-groups or clans, including Jeraruk, Rankbirit and Wilu, and have been referred to as Meru people, which was a larger grouping which could also include the Ngawait and Ngaiawang peoples.

Ngaiawang
The Ngaiawang (Ngayawang) were an Aboriginal Australian people of the western Riverland area of South Australia, with a language considered part of the Lower Murray group. They are now considered extinct. They have sometimes been referred to as part of the Meru people, a larger grouping which could also include the Ngawait and Erawirung peoples. They were called Birta by the Kaurna and Ngadjuri peoples, variations of Murundi by the Jarildekald people, and were also known various other terms and spellings.
Micrometer (device)
A micrometer (/maɪˈkrɒmɪtər/ my-KROM-it-ər), sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge (MSG), is a device incorporating a calibrated screw for accurate measurement of the size of components. It is widely used in mechanical engineering, machining, metrology and most mechanical trades, along with other dimensional instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame). The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the object to be measured is placed between the spindle and the anvil. The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the spindle and the anvil.

Thousandth of an inch
A thousandth of an inch is a derived unit of length in a system of units using inches. Equal to 1⁄1000 of an inch, a thousandth is commonly called a thou /ˈθaʊ/ (used for both singular and plural) or, particularly in North America, a mil (plural mils).

The words are shortened forms of the English and Latin words for "thousand" (mille in Latin). In international engineering contexts, confusion can arise because mil is a formal unit name in North America but mil or mill is also a common colloquial clipped form of millimetre. The units are considerably different: a millimetre is approximately 39 mils.
Lo Vial metro station
Lo Vial is an underground metro station on the Line 2 of the Santiago Metro, in Santiago, Chile. The station was opened on 21 December 1978 as part of the extension of the line from Franklin to Lo Ovalle.

Santiago Metro Line 2
Santiago Metro Line 2 is one of the seven rapid transit lines that currently make up the Santiago Metro network in Santiago, Chile. It has 26 stations and 25.9 km (16.1 mi) of track. The line intersects with Line 1 at Los Héroes, with the Line 3 at Puente Cal y Canto, with Line 4A at La Cisterna, with Line 5 at Santa Ana, and Line 6 at Franklin. It will also intersect with the future Line 7 and Line 9 at Puente Cal y Canto. Its distinctive colour on the network line map is banana yellow.

In 2015, Line 2 accounted for 18.8% of all trips made on the metro with a daily ridership of 325,400.