hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dog fighting
Dog fighting is a type of blood sport that turns game and fighting dogs against each other in a physical fight, often to the death, for the purposes of gambling or entertainment to the spectators. In rural areas, fights are often staged in barns or outdoor pits; in urban areas, fights are often staged in garages, basements, warehouses, alleyways, abandoned buildings, neighborhood playgrounds, or in the streets. Dog fights usually last until one dog is declared a winner, which occurs when one dog fails to scratch, dies, or jumps out of the pit. Sometimes dog fights end without declaring a winner; for instance, the dog's owner may call off the fight.

Dog fighting generates revenue from stud fees, admission fees, and gambling. Most countries have banned dog fighting, but it is still legal in some countries, such as Venezuela, Bangladesh, Japan and Albania. The sport is also popular in Russia.

NSPCA
National Council of Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (NSPCA), also known as the National Council of SPCAs, is the largest and oldest animal welfare organisation in South Africa. The NSPCA handles all matters relating to animal cruelty involving all animal species and is a registered Non-Profit Organisation registered with the Department of Social Development.

The NSPCA is referred to as "NDBV" in Afrikaans (one of the 12 official languages in South Africa) and is also known as Nasionale Raad van Dierebeskermingsverenigings (NDBV). SPCA is DBV in Afrikaans.
Rennie Smith
Rennie Smith (14 April 1888 – 25 May 1962) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1924 to 1931.

At the 1924 general election he was elected as MP for Penistone in Yorkshire, defeating the sitting Liberal MP William Pringle, against whom Smith had stood unsuccessfully in 1923.

Smith held the seat in 1929, but was defeated at the 1931 general election as Labour's vote collapsed following the party's split over Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald's formation of a National Government. He did not stand for parliament again.

William Pringle (Liberal MP)
William Mather Rutherford Pringle (22 January 1874 – 1 April 1928) was a Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1910 to 1918 and again from 1922 to 1924.

Pringle was educated at Glasgow University and was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1904.

Pringle's son, also William Pringle later became a politician and trade unionist.
Rostislav Vsevolodovich
Rostislav Vsevolodovich (c. 1070–1093) was the Prince of Pereyaslavl (1078–1093), son of Vsevolod I of Kiev, and half brother of Vladimir Monomakh. He fought at Stuhna river against the Cumans and drowned while fleeing the battle.

Prince of Pereyaslavl
The Prince of Pereyaslavl (Ukrainian: Князь Переяславський) was the ruler of the Principality of Pereyaslavl, a lordship based on the city of Pereyaslavl on the Trubizh River, and straddling extensive territory to the east in what are now parts of Ukraine. It was situated on the southern frontier of Kievan Rus' and bordered the steppe.
West Oakland, Oakland, California
37°48′43″N 122°17′42″W﻿ / ﻿37.81194°N 122.29500°W﻿ / 37.81194; -122.29500

West Oakland is a neighborhood situated in the northwestern corner of Oakland, California, United States, situated west of Downtown Oakland, south of Emeryville, and north of Alameda. The neighborhood is located along the waterfront at the Port of Oakland and at the eastern end of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. It lies at an elevation of 13 feet (4 m). Until today, West Oakland remains a predominately African-American neighborhood with just small minorities.

West Oakland Yards
The West Oakland Yards are a rail yard facility in West Oakland, Oakland, California, in the United States. Formerly a major facility for the Southern Pacific Railroad, the yards have been operated by Union Pacific Railroad since 1996.

Under SP, the yards were home to a variety of railroad facilities, including a signal shop and a creosoting plant.

SP was said to "dominate" West Oakland with its "massive switching and maintenance yards, roundhouses, car assembly and repair shops, creosoting plant, and shipyards".
Puerto Rico Highway 101
Puerto Rico Highway 101 (PR-101) is a rural road leaving the town of Boquerón, Cabo Rojo and Lajas, to the town of San Germán. Among their intersections are the PR-100, PR-301 (to El Combate), PR-103 PR-116 (to Guánica), PR-166 and PR-102.

Puerto Rico Highway 166
Puerto Rico Highway 166 (PR-166) is a by-pass in San Germán, Puerto Rico. The highway is an avenue which was built for drivers passing through PR-102 could bypass the downtown area of San Germán.

Among its intersections are PR-102 (to downtown San Germán, Cabo Rojo and Sabana Grande), PR-101 (to Lajas) and PR-122 (to PR-2).
Michel Weber
Michel Weber (born 1963) is a Belgian philosopher. He is best known as an interpreter and advocate of the philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, and has come to prominence as the architect and organizer of an overlapping array of international scholarly societies and publication projects devoted to Whitehead and the global relevance of process philosophy.

Weber criticizes contemporary academic philosophy for losing touch with its early Greek roots. Philosophy has a practical mission (rooted in Socratic discourse) to restore personal and social well-being, but it cannot do this, he argues, if it renounces its traditional metaphysical obligation (rooted in pre-Socratic speculation) to understand the cosmos. Weber believes that process philosophy is uniquely qualified to fulfill this double function in the post-modern world.

Weber was educated in Belgium and the United States. The primary languages of his publications are English and French.

Nicholas Rescher
Nicholas Rescher (/ˈrɛʃər/; German: [ˈʁɛʃɐ]; 15 July 1928 – 5 January 2024) was a German-born American philosopher, polymath, and author, who was a professor of philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh from 1961. He was chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and chairman of the philosophy department.

Rescher served as president of the American Catholic Philosophical Association, Leibniz Society of North America, American Metaphysical Society, American Philosophical Association, and Charles S. Peirce Society. He was the founder of American Philosophical Quarterly, History of Philosophy Quarterly, and Public Affairs Quarterly. He died in Pittsburgh on January 5, 2024, at the age of 95.
Pancit
Pancit (Tagalog pronunciation: [panˈsɪt] pan-SIT), also spelled pansit, is a general term referring to various traditional noodle dishes in Filipino cuisine. There are numerous types of pancit, often named based on the noodles used, method of cooking, place of origin or the ingredients. Most pancit dishes are  served with calamansi, which adds a citrusy flavor.

Noodles were introduced to the Philippines by Chinese immigrants. They have been fully adopted and nativized into the local cuisine, also incorporating Spanish influences. There are numerous regional types of pancit throughout the Philippines, usually differing on the available indigenous ingredients. Some variants do not use noodles at all, but instead substitute it with strips of coconut, young papaya, mung bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, 'takway' ("pansit ng bukid") or seaweed.

Batchoy
Batchoy, alternatively spelled batsoy ([ˈbatʃoɪ]), is a Filipino noodle soup of pork offal, crushed pork cracklings, chicken stock, beef loin, and round noodles. The original and most popular variant, La Paz batchoy, traces its roots to the Iloilo City district of La Paz, in the Philippines.
2020–21 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Chris Holtmann, in his fourth season with the Buckeyes. The Buckeyes played their home games at Value City Arena in Columbus, Ohio as members of the Big Ten Conference.

They finished the season 21–10, 12–8 in Big Ten play to finish in fifth place. They defeated Minnesota, Purdue, and Michigan before losing to Illinois in overtime in the championship game of the Big Ten tournament. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 2 seed in the South region.  However, they were upset in the First Round by No. 15-seeded Oral Roberts.

2020–21 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team
The 2020–21 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team represented the University of Michigan during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.  This season marked the program's 105th season and its 104th consecutive year as a member of the Big Ten Conference. The Wolverines, led by second-year head coach Juwan Howard, played their home games for the 54th consecutive year at the Crisler Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The Wolverines finished the season with a 23–5 record, including a 14–3 conference record, to win its first Big Ten championship since 2014. The team earned a one seed in the 2021 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, where they reached the Elite Eight before losing to UCLA.
Men in Black: The Series (video game)
Men in Black: The Series is an action platform video game developed by Tiertex Design Studios and published by Crave Entertainment for the Game Boy Color (GBC) on December 14, 1998. The game is based on the animated television series of the same name, and was followed by a sequel titled Men in Black 2: The Series, released for the Game Boy Color in 2000.

In May 2001, Crave announced plans for another game, also titled Men in Black: The Series, to be released on the Game Boy Advance (GBA). The game, developed by David A. Palmer Productions, was released in the US on September 11, 2001, while a European version was released on September 28, 2001.

Men in Black (franchise)
Men in Black is an American science fiction comedy media franchise that originated with the Malibu/Marvel comic book of the same name created by American author Lowell Cunningham. The franchise focuses on the titular non-governmental organization which monitors and regulates paranormal and alien activity on Earth while preventing civilians from finding out about it. The most notable agents within the organization are J, K, and Zed. The franchise has been adapted into other media including a series of four films, an animated television series, video games, and a theme park attraction.
La Mesa Boulevard station
La Mesa Boulevard station is a station on the Orange Line of the San Diego Trolley in the San Diego suburb of La Mesa, California. It serves the dense nearby commercial area, as well as a variety of apartment buildings that surround the stop.

Adjacent to the station is the historic La Mesa Depot Museum, owned by the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum. The museum is a restored station from 1894, and has original equipment from the era, including a steam locomotive and caboose. The station building was built in 1894, when the San Diego and Cuyamaca Railway was built, and it was moved across the tracks to its current site in 1915. Passenger service stopped in 1928, and did not restart until 1989 as part of the San Diego Trolley.

La Mesa, California
La Mesa (lit. 'The Table') is a city in San Diego County, California, United States, located nine miles (14 kilometers) east of downtown San Diego in Southern California. The population was 61,121 at the 2020 census, up from 57,065 at the 2010 census. Its civic motto is "the Jewel of the Hills."
Fountain of Samson, Kyiv
The Fountain of Samson or Felitsiyal (Ukrainian: Фонтан Самсон, Феліціял, translit.: Fontan Samson, Felitsiial) is a Ukrainian Baroque fountain in the Podil raion of Kyiv. It was constructed in the 18th century, later demolished in 1934 or 1935, and rebuilt in 1981.

Podil
Podil (Ukrainian: Поділ [poˈd⁽ʲ⁾il] ⓘ) or Podol (Russian: Подол [pɐˈdol] ⓘ), also known in English as the Lower City, is a historic neighborhood in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is located on a floodplain terrace over the Dnieper between the Kyiv Hills and the lower stream of Pochaina River. Podil is one of the oldest neighborhoods of Kyiv, and the birthplace of the city's trade, commerce and industry. After the Mongol invasion of Rus' and destruction of Kyiv, it served as a city center until the 19th century. Here the city administration (magistrate) and the main university were located, and later the city's port and shipyard were established here.

Podil contains many architectural and historical landmarks, and new archaeological sites are still being revealed. It is a part of the city's larger administrative Podilskyi District.
Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom are characterized by universal access and generally good service quality. Unlike many other developed countries, the United Kingdom features diverse institutional arrangements across its constituent parts: (England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland). In England and Wales, water services are primarily provided by privatized companies, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland, these services are managed by publicly owned entities.  Each region's unique approach is explored in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom.

United Kingdom water companies
Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom is provided by a number of water and sewerage companies. Twelve companies and organisations provide drainage and sewerage services, each over a wide area, to the whole United Kingdom; and supply water to most customers in their areas of operation. There are also 'water only' companies which supply water in certain areas. Some companies are licensed to supply water or sewerage services using the networks of other providers.
Delphinium hansenii
Delphinium hansenii is a species of larkspur known by the common names Eldorado larkspur and Hansen's delphinium. It is endemic to California, where it grows in mountains, valleys, and desert from the southern Cascade Range to the Mojave Desert.

Delphinium
Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The genus was erected by Carl Linnaeus.

All members of the genus Delphinium are toxic to humans and livestock. The common name larkspur is shared between perennial Delphinium species and annual species of the genus Consolida. Molecular data show that Consolida, as well as another segregate genus, Aconitella, are both embedded in Delphinium.

The genus name Delphinium derives from the Ancient Greek word δελφίνιον (delphínion) which means "dolphin", a name used in De Materia Medica for some kind of larkspur. Pedanius Dioscorides said the plant got its name because of its dolphin-shaped flowers.
Endolymphatic duct
In anatomy, the endolymphatic sac is a structure in the inner ear. It is a canal that comes out of the posterior wall of the saccule, then is joined by the utriculosaccular duct, and then passes along the vestibular aqueduct, before it ends up at the endolymphatic sac on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, where it is in contact with the dura mater.

Disorders of the endolymphatic duct include Meniere's Disease and enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Vestibular aqueduct
At the posterior lateral wall of the temporal bone is the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The vestibular aqueduct parallels the petrous apex, in contrast to the cochlear aqueduct, which lies perpendicular to the petrous apex.

It transmits a small vein, and contains a tubular prolongation of the membranous labyrinth, the ductus endolymphaticus, which ends in a cul-de-sac, the endolymphatic sac, between the layers of the dura mater within the cranial cavity.
Kiyosato, Yamanashi
Kiyosato (清里, Kiyosato) is a  locality in the city of  Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan.  At over 1,200m in elevation with views south towards Mount Fuji, it is a popular highland resort area and location for second homes.
After the opening of the Koumi Line in 1933, Kiyosato rose to prominence as a resort center and as the home of Camp Seisen Ryo, an Anglican youth mission center prior to the Second World War, rededicated in 1946 as the Kiyosato Educational Experiment Project (KEEP).

Paul Rusch
Paul Frederick Rusch (1897 – 1979) was a lay missionary of the Anglican Church in Japan.

Rusch is remembered in Japan for his role as an educator and for pioneering activities in development of American football, rural agriculture and post Second World War reconciliation.
E.S.G. (rapper)
Cedric Dormaine Hill (born June 3, 1973) better known by his stage name E.S.G. (which stands for Everyday Street Gangsta or Everyday Serving God) is an American rapper from Houston, Texas, and is a member of the Screwed Up Click.

Screwed Up Click
The Screwed Up Click (or S.U.C.) is an American hip hop collective based in Houston, Texas, that was led by DJ Screw. Its most notable members include DJ Screw, Big Hawk, Big Mello, Big Moe, Big Pokey, the Botany Boyz, E.S.G., Fat Pat, Lil' Flip, Lil' Keke, Mr. 3-2, Lil' O, and Z-Ro. In addition, Devin the Dude, K-Rino, Lil' Troy, South Park Mexican and UGK are considered to be "Screwed Up Affiliated". Many of the current and former SUC members come from the neighborhoods of South Park, 3rd Ward, Sunnyside, Cloverland, Hiram Clarke and South Acres.
Smoothie (gamer)
Andy Ta, better known by his in-game name Smoothie, is a Canadian professional League of Legends player who was formerly the support for League of Legends Championship Series team Counter Logic Gaming. He has also played for Team Dragon Knights, Team Liquid, Cloud9, Echo Fox and Team SoloMid.

Team Dragon Knights
Team Dragon Knights, briefly known as Team Arena Online, was an American professional League of Legends team. For most of its history the team competed in the North American League of Legends Challenger Series, but was briefly in the North American League of Legends Championship Series during the 2015 Summer Split before being relegated.
Fadluya
Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl, better known as Fadluya (also spelled Fadlawayh), was a Kurdish chieftain of the Shabankara in Fars. He was the son of Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub of the Ramani clan of the Shabankara, who were Kurds from Syria that migrated to Fars, and was the founder of the Shabankara dynasty in Fars (r. 1030–1078), which lasted sporadically from 1030 to 1355. The Shabankaras occupied the mountain region of Kuhgiluya and maintained a great scale of independence.

Shabankara
Shabankara or Shwankara (Persian: شبانکاره, Kurdish: شوانکارە; lit. was an Iranian tribe. They claimed descent from the mythical Iranian king Manuchehr and from the founder of the Sasanian Empire, Ardashir I. They had been deported to eastern Fars from Isfahan and Syria by the Buyid Shahanshah 'Adud al-Dawla (r. 949–983). The dynasty's capital was Ij (Ig) and was divided in six districts: Zarkān, Iṣṭabānān, Burk-Tārum-K̲h̲ayra, Nayriz, Kurm-Rūnīz-Lār, and Darabjird. The tribe had the following subdivisions: Ismāʿīlī, the Rāmānī, the Karzuwī, the Masʿūdī and the S̲h̲akānī who were all herders and warriors.

There is a contemporary Kurdish tribe named Shabankara in Kermanshah province. Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant from the Shabankara went on to found the Kurdish Hazaraspid dynasty in the 12th century.
120-cell honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the 120-cell honeycomb is one of five compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). With Schläfli symbol {5,3,3,3}, it has three 120-cells around each face. Its dual is the order-5 5-cell honeycomb, {3,3,3,5}.

Order-5 5-cell honeycomb
In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the order-5 5-cell honeycomb is one of five compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). With Schläfli symbol {3,3,3,5}, it has five 5-cells around each face. Its dual is the 120-cell honeycomb, {5,3,3,3}.
Ghana national badminton team
The Ghana national badminton team (Akan: Gaana ɔman badminton kuw no) represents Ghana in international badminton team competitions. Ghana Badminton is the national governing body of the sport representing every member of the badminton community in Ghana.

Ghana is one of the seven founding members of the Badminton Confederation of Africa. Ghana was also the host and one of the first three participating countries in the inaugural African Badminton Championships in 1979. The team also competed in the 1979 WBF World Championships sanctioned by the now-defunct World Badminton Federation which merged with the International Badminton Federation in 1981.

Kenya national badminton team
The Kenya national badminton team (Swahili: Timu ya taifa ya Kenya ya badminton) is a badminton team that plays for Kenya in international competitions. It is controlled by Kenya's governing body for the sport, Badminton Kenya. Kenya is one of the first three countries to compete in the inaugural African Badminton Championships in 1979.
Exchange Equalisation Account
The Exchange Equalisation Account (EEA) is a fund of His Majesty's Treasury in the United Kingdom. It holds the country's special drawing rights (SDR) held at the International Monetary Fund as well as reserves of foreign currencies and gold.  It was set up to provide funding which if necessary can be used to manage the exchange value of pound sterling on international markets.

The EEA was established by Neville Chamberlain's budget of 19 April 1932 following the pound's exit from the gold exchange standard the previous September.

The Exchange Stabilization Fund is a similar fund operated by the US Treasury since 1934. It was created as a response to the EEA.

Exchange Stabilization Fund
The Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF) is an emergency reserve fund of the United States Treasury Department, normally used for foreign exchange intervention. This arrangement (as opposed to having the central bank intervene directly) allows the US government to influence currency exchange rates without directly affecting domestic money supply.

The fund's net position at the end of 2024 was $39 billion. Its total assets were $210 billion, the difference being largely attributable to $166 billion in special drawing rights (SDRs) from the International Monetary Fund.
Red Scare (podcast)
Red Scare is an American cultural commentary and humor podcast founded in March 2018 and hosted by Dasha Nekrasova and Anna Khachiyan.

The show was initially associated with the dirtbag left but is now associated with the new right and support for Donald Trump, as well as the subculture surrounding Dimes Square.

Dimes Square
Dimes Square is a microneighborhood of New York City and art scene located between the Chinatown and Lower East Side neighborhoods of Manhattan. The exact perimeter and nature of the neighborhood is debated, though survey data from The New York Times lists it as roughly the five blocks on either side of Canal Street between Allen Street and Essex Street.