hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Vozuća
The Battle of Vozuća (Serbo-Croatian: Bitka za Vozuću) was an attack by the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the foreign troops of the Bosnian mujahideen on 10 September 1995 against the strategically important Army of Republika Srpska-held village of Vozuća, in the municipality of Zavidovići during the Bosnian War.

Bosnian mujahideen
The Bosnian mujahideen (Bosnian: Bosanski mudžahedini), also called El Mudžahid, consisted of foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on behalf of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War (1992–95). They first arrived in central Bosnia in the latter half of 1992 with the aim of helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists in fights against Serb and Croat forces. Initially they mainly came from Arab countries, later from other Muslim-majority countries. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500 to 5,000 with most estimates in the 1,000–2,000 range.
Leukotriene
Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) and the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

Leukotrienes use lipid signaling to convey information to either the cell producing them (autocrine signaling) or neighboring cells (paracrine signaling) in order to regulate immune responses. The production of leukotrienes is usually accompanied by the production of histamine and prostaglandins, which also act as inflammatory mediators.

One of their roles (specifically, leukotriene D4) is to trigger contractions in the smooth muscles lining the bronchioles; their overproduction is a major cause of inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Leukotriene antagonists are used to treat these disorders by inhibiting the production or activity of leukotrienes.

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis
The slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis or SRS-A is a mixture of the leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4.  Mast cells secrete it during the anaphylactic reaction, inducing inflammation. It can be found in basophils.

It induces prolonged, slow contraction of smooth muscle and has  a major bronchoconstrictor role in asthma. Compared to histamine, it is approximately 1000 times more potent and has a slower onset but longer duration of action.
Nitrian Desert
The Nitrian Desert is a desert region in northeastern Egypt, lying between Alexandria and Cairo west of the Nile Delta. It is known for its history of Christian monasticism.

There were three monastic centres in the Nitrian Desert in Late Antiquity. Around 330, Macarius the Egyptian established a monastic colony in the Wadi El Natrun (Scetis), far from cultivable land. In the 330s, Saint Amun founded Nitria, only 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Alexandria, using the rules of Saint Anthony. He founded a second centre, Kellia, on Anthony's suggestion, deeper into the desert. Kellia has been the object of scientific excavations. Only Scetis in the Wadi El Natrun remains a monastic site today.

Nitria (monastic site)
Nitria (also called the Mountain of Nitria or Petoou Mpihosm in Greek and Latin sources) is one of the earliest Christian monastic sites in Egypt and is located in the Nitrian Desert. It was the first of the three major centers of Christian monastic activity in the Lower Egypt, the other two being Kellia and Scetis.
Écoteaux
Écoteaux (French pronunciation: [ekɔto]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Écoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.

Vuibroye
Vuibroye (French pronunciation: [vɥibʁwa]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.
Loceri
Loceri is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Tortolì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,290 and an area of 19.3 square kilometres (7.5 mi2).

Loceri borders the following municipalities: Bari Sardo, Ilbono, Lanusei, Osini, Tertenia.

Tertenia
Tertenia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ogliastra in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Tortolì.

Tertenia borders the following municipalities: Cardedu, Gairo, Jerzu, Lanusei, Loceri, Osini, Ulassai.

It is located in a high valley at the base of Mt. Arbu and Mt. Ferru, along the Rio Quirra river.
Lutton, Northamptonshire
Lutton is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England. The 2011 census recorded its parish population as 186.

The villages name means 'Farm/settlement connected with Luda' or perhaps, 'farm/settlement on Hluding (= the loud one)', an old name for what is now called Billing Brook.

The oldest parts of the Church of England parish church of St Peter are 12th-century. North and south aisles and arcades were added to the nave in the 13th century. There is a fine surviving Easter Sepulchre on the north wall of the chancel. It is a Grade I listed building.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
V. C. Morris Gift Shop
The V. C. Morris Gift Shop is located at 140 Maiden Lane in downtown San Francisco, California, United States, and was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1948. The store was used by Wright as a physical prototype, or proof of concept for the circular ramp at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City.

All of the built-in furniture is constructed out of black walnut, is original to the renovation, and was designed by Manuel Sandoval, who apprenticed and worked with Frank Lloyd Wright.

Maiden Lane (San Francisco)
37°47′17.23″N 122°24′21.67″W﻿ / ﻿37.7881194°N 122.4060194°W﻿ / 37.7881194; -122.4060194Maiden Lane is a pedestrian mall located in San Francisco, California, United States. A former section of the city's red light district, Maiden Lane is now home to high-end boutiques and art galleries. The street also serves as the location of San Francisco's only Frank Lloyd Wright designed building.
Komaram Bheem
Komaram Bheem (1901–1940), alternatively Kumram Bheem, was a revolutionary leader in Hyderabad State of British Raj from the Gond tribes. Bheem, in association with other Gond leaders, led a protracted low intensity rebellion against the feudal Nizams of Hyderabad in the eastern part of the princely state during the 1930s, which contributed in the culmination of the Telangana Rebellion of 1946.

He was killed by armed policemen in 1940, subsequently lionised as a symbol of rebellion, and eulogised in Adivasi and Telugu folklore. Bheem is deified as a pen in Gond culture and is credited for coining the slogan Jal, Jangal, Zameen (transl. Water, Forest, Land) which, symbolising a sentiment against encroachment and exploitation, has been adopted by Adivasi movements as a call to action. He is also associated with the early part of the movement for Telangana statehood.

Asifabad, Telangana
Asifabad, formerly known as Jangam or Jungum, is a city and the district headquarters of Kumuram Bheem district in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Asifabad mandal of Asifabad revenue division. It is situated on the banks of Peddavagu river.
Myorin
Myōrin (妙林) or Yoshioka Myorin-ni (吉岡妙林尼) was a late-Sengoku period female warlord onna-musha. She was the wife of Yoshioka Akioki a samurai warlord, and served Otomo clan in Bungo. She was the heroic woman who defended the Otomo clan in the Kyūshū campaign against Shimazu's army. Her contributions to the Kyushu campaign were so significant that they completely changed the course of history and she was highly praised by Japan's most powerful man at the time, Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Later, she was named Guardian of Tsurusaki, an honorary title due to her heroic acts.

Ōtomo Sōrin
Ōtomo Sōrin (大友 宗麟; January 31, 1530 – June 11, 1587), also known as Fujiwara no Yoshishige (藤原 義鎮) or Ōtomo Yoshishige (大友 義鎮), was a Japanese feudal lord (daimyō) of the Ōtomo clan, one of the few to have converted to Catholicism. The eldest son of Ōtomo Yoshiaki, he inherited the Funai Domain, on Kyūshū, Japan's southernmost main island, from his father. He is perhaps most significant for having appealed to Toyotomi Hideyoshi to intervene in Kyūshū against the Shimazu clan, thus spurring Hideyoshi's Kyūshū Campaign of 1587.
Kissenia
Kissenia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Loasaceae.

Its native range is from northeastern tropical Africa to the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and Namibia to South Africa.

Species:

Kissenia arabica R.Br. ex Chiov.

Kissenia capensis Endl.

Loasaceae
Loasaceae is a family of 15–20 genera and about 200–260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. Members of the family include annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees. Members of the subfamily Loasoideae are known to exhibit rapid thigmonastic stamen movement when pollinators are present.
St. Louis University High School
St. Louis University High School (SLUH) is an all-male Jesuit high school in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1818, it is the oldest secondary educational institution in the United States west of the Mississippi River, and one of the largest private high schools in Missouri. It is located in the Archdiocese of St. Louis.

Archdiocese of St. Louis
The Archdiocese of St. Louis (Latin: Archidiœcesis Sancti Ludovici) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. Mitchell Thomas Rozanski is the archbishop; the see church is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis.
Eidskog Municipality
Eidskog is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Vinger. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Skotterud. Other villages in the municipality include Magnor, Matrand, and Åbogen.

The 640-square-kilometre (250 sq mi) municipality is the 181st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Eidskog Municipality is the 162nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,059. The municipality's population density is 9.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (25/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Skotterud
Skotterud is the administrative centre of Eidskog Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian National Road 2 and the Kongsvingerbanen railway line. Skotterud sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the town of Kongsvinger and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northwest of the village of Magnor which sits just inside the border with Sweden.

The 1.54-square-kilometre (380-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,398 and a population density of 908 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,350/sq mi).

The village is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from Sweden, so there is some commercial and tourist traffic in the village. The local industry is heavily associated with forestry, including some sawmills and other timber-related businesses.
Flavoplaca marina
Flavoplaca marina is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1875 by Hugh Algernon Weddell, as Lecanora marina. Ulf Arup and colleagues transferred the taxon to the genus Flavoplaca in 2013, following a molecular phylogenetics-based restructuring of the family Teloschistaceae.

Flavoplaca
Flavoplaca is a genus of crust-like or scaly lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has about 30 species with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution. The genus was established in 2013 when genetic studies revealed that these species formed their own distinct evolutionary group, separate from other lichen classifications where they were previously placed. These lichens typically grow on limestone and other calcium-rich rocks, forming distinctive orange to yellow crusty patches that are particularly common in coastal environments and sunny locations. Most species grow directly on rock surfaces, but unusually for lichens, four species in the genus are parasitic and live on other lichen species instead.
Koiak 8
Koiak 7 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 9

The eighth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 4, of the Julian calendar, and December 17, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.

Koiak 9
Koiak 8 – Coptic calendar – Koiak 10

The ninth day of the Coptic month of Koiak, the fourth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to December 5, of the Julian calendar, and December 18, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Peret, the season of emergence. This day falls in the Nativity Fast.
Haigh, Greater Manchester
Haigh (/heɪ/) is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it is located next to the village of Aspull. The western boundary is the River Douglas, which separates the township from Wigan. To the north, a small brook running into the Douglas divides it from Blackrod. At the 2001 census it had a population of 594.

Cannel coal
Cannel coal or candle coal is a type of bituminous coal, also classified as terrestrial type oil shale. Due to its physical morphology and low mineral content cannel coal is considered to be coal but by its texture and composition of the organic matter it is considered to be oil shale. Although historically the term cannel coal has been used interchangeably with boghead coal, a more recent classification system restricts cannel coal to terrestrial origin, and boghead coal to lacustrine environments.
Kinloch Hourn
Kinloch Hourn is a small settlement at the end of Loch Hourn, in the West Highlands of Scotland. The name comes from the Gaelic, Ceann Loch Shubhairne, for "the head of Loch Hourn". Kinloch Hourn is at the end of 35 km (22 miles) of single-track road, which runs west from a junction with the A87 beside Loch Garry.

From Kinloch Hourn, a path continues along the south side of the loch to Barrisdale. The path then climbs over Màm Barrisdale, before dropping down to the village of Inverie in Knoydart. This route once had a number of townships along it, and may have been used as a coffin road. This is also used as a walking route into the mountains of Knoydart, including Ladhar Bheinn and Luinne Bheinn.

To the north of Loch Hourn is the route of an old drove road, which ran between Kinloch Hourn to Glenelg. Cattle from Skye were driven  across Kyle Rhea to Glenelg, along this route to Kinloch Hourn, then onwards down Glen Garry.

Glenelg, Highland
Glenelg (Scottish Gaelic: Glinn Eilg, also Gleann Eilg) is a scattered community area and civil parish in the Lochalsh area of Highland in western Scotland.

The main village is called Kirkton of Glenelg and commonly referred to as "Glenelg". There is a smaller hamlet less than one mile (two kilometres) to the south by the jetty and skirting Glenelg Bay, known as Quarry. There are several other clusters of houses scattered over Glenelg including up Glen Beag and Glen More and on the road leading to the ferry at Kyle Rhea. The parish covers a large area including Knoydart, North Morar and the ferry port of Mallaig. At the 2001 census it had a population of 1,507. The smaller "settlement zone" around Kirkton had a population of 283. In 2011 Highland Council estimated that the community of Glenelg and Arnisdale had a population of 291.
Schmale Heide
The Schmale Heide (German pronunciation: [ˈʃmaːlə ˈhaɪdə], lit. 'Narrow Heath') is a 9.5-kilometre-long and roughly 2-kilometre-wide bar between the Baltic seaside resort of Binz and the village of Neu Mukran near Sassnitz on the German island of Rügen. It lies in the municipality of Binz and is bounded to the northwest by the lagoon of the Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden and to the east by the bay of Prorer Wiek.

Prorer Wiek
The Prorer Wiek (German pronunciation: [ˈpʁoːʁɐ ˈviːk]) is a bay on Germany's Baltic Sea coast off the bar of Schmale Heide that runs between the peninsula of Jasmund and the Granitz, the region southeast of Binz on the island of Rügen. The resort of Prora lies on the shore of the bay with its former "Strength Through Joy" spa and the seaside resort of Binz. In the northern part of the bay is the Sassnitz Ferry Port near the Sassnitz village of Mukran.

54°27′N 13°38′E﻿ / ﻿54.450°N 13.633°E﻿ / 54.450; 13.633
1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team
The 1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1897 Western Conference football season. 
The 1897 season was the second and final season under head coach Alexander Jerrems. The season started out well, but the team lost its last four games including all three of its conference games. The Ariel reported that there was a general opinion that the team's difficulties were the result of poor management.: 26  Jerrems was not asked to return and changes were made to the rules governing athletics at the university—managers would no longer be chosen by the students.: 26

Alexander Jerrems
Alexander Nicoll Jerrems (August 3, 1874 – September 21, 1948) was an American football player and coach. He played college football for the Yale Bulldogs football teams from 1893 to 1895 and coached the Minnesota Golden Gophers football teams from 1896 to 1897.
2025 AIFF Super Cup
The 2025 AIFF Super Cup, officially known as the 2025 Kalinga Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the fifth edition of the Super Cup (India) and the 43rd season of the national knockout football competition organized by the All India Football Federation (AIFF). It featured all clubs from the top-tier Indian Super League and top clubs from the second tier I-League, serving as the main domestic cup competition for men's football in India.

FC Goa defeated the Jamshedpur FC 3–0 in the final to win their second national cup title. As the winners, Goa have qualified for the 2025–26 AFC Champions League Two preliminary stage.

2024–25 Indian Super League
The 2024–25 Indian Super League was the 11th season of the Indian Super League (ISL) and the 29th season of top-tier Indian football.

Mohun Bagan were the defending champions who won the shield last season. This season Mohun Bagan became the first team to successfully defend the title by winning their second ISL title and seventh Indian title overall by topping the regular season table with a record 56 points. Mumbai City were the defending cup winners who won the ISL cup last season. Mohun Bagan also won their second ISL Cup, defeating Bengaluru 2–1 in the final.
2015 Africa Cup of Nations
The  2015 Africa Cup of Nations, known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations, Equatorial Guinea 2015 for sponsorship reasons, was the 30th staging of the Africa Cup of Nations, the international men's football championship of Africa. It was organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) and was held from 17 January to 8 February.

The tournament was initially scheduled to be hosted by Morocco who later demanded postponement of the event because of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa; subsequently Morocco was ruled out as a host country and replaced by Equatorial Guinea.

Ivory Coast won the tournament for their second Africa Cup of Nations title, defeating Ghana 9–8 in a penalty shoot-out after the final finished goalless following extra time. The DR Congo came third and the hosts Equatorial Guinea fourth, while defending champions Nigeria had failed to qualify for the tournament.

Estadio de Bata
Estadio de Bata is a multi-use stadium in Bata, Equatorial Guinea.  The stadium was built by the Chinese contractor Covec. It was completed in 2007 with a capacity of 22,000 people in a single tier pre-cast concrete structure.  It was a venue for the 2008 Women's African Football Championship. It was expanded in 2011 with a new steel substructure upper tier to a 35,000 capacity as one of the host stadiums for the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations including the opening ceremony and semi-final matches.  The stadium is located about 5 kilometers from the coast and adjacent to a sport complex currently under construction which features an indoor sports hall, covered swimming pool, hotel and most main sporting codes. Bata Stadium is the largest stadium in Equatorial Guinea's largest city.
Daniel Axtell
Colonel Daniel Axtell, baptised 26 May 1622, executed 19 October 1660, was a religious radical from Hertfordshire, who served with the Parliamentarian army during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. He was in charge of security during the trial of Charles I in January 1649, and as a result was excluded from the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion after the 1660 Stuart Restoration. As a regicide, he was executed for treason on 19 October 1660.

Good Old Cause
The Good Old Cause was the name given, retrospectively, by the soldiers of the New Model Army, to the complex of reasons that motivated their fight on behalf of the Parliament of England.

Their struggle was against King Charles I and the Royalists during the English Civil War; they continued to support the English Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660. Oliver Cromwell wrote, in a letter to Sir William Spring in 1643, of the archetypal plain, russet-coated captain who embodies the ideal of republican soldiery (many of those who supported the Good Old Cause were also Independents who advocated local congregational control of religious and church matters).
Sira, Norway
Sira is a village in Flekkefjord municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located immediately east of the county border of Agder and Rogaland. The European route E39 highway passes by the village and the Sørlandet Line runs right through the village, stopping at Sira Station. The 0.66-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2015) of 630, giving the village a population density of 955 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,470/sq mi).

Sira lies along the Sira River, just south of the lake Sirdalsvatnet. The river and lake are both a part of the Sira-Kvina hydropower system. Sira was the administrative centre of the former municipality of Bakke which was dissolved and merged into Flekkefjord in 1965. Bakke Church lies at the southern end of the village.

Bakke Church (Agder)
Bakke Church (Norwegian: Bakke kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in the large Flekkefjord Municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the village of Sira. It is the church for the Bakke parish which is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1670 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 400 people.