hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Culworth railway station
This station, near the village of Moreton Pinkney in Northamptonshire, was on the former Great Central Railway's London Extension which ran from the north of England to London and opened in March 1899.

Moreton Pinkney
Moreton Pinkney is a village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, about 7.5 miles (12 km) north of Brackley. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 371.

The villages name means 'Moor farm/settlement'. It was held by the family of Pinchengi from 1199. In the 13th century, it was known as Geldenmortone, from Old English 'gylden' meaning, 'golden', probably because of its especial wealth.
Grinton Lodge
Grinton Lodge is a 19th-century former shooting lodge that has been a youth hostel since 1948.  A Grade II listed building, it is situated above the village of Grinton, in Swaledale, North Yorkshire, England.

Grinton
Grinton is a small village and civil parish in the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire, England. Close to Reeth and Fremington, it lies 9 miles (15 km) west of Richmond on the B6270 road.

On 5 July 2014, the Tour de France Stage 1 from Leeds to Harrogate passed through the village. The route would have been repeated, if not for the changing of the route due to high rainfall, in the Men's road race in the 2019 UCI World Championships going through the climb Grinton moor, which lasted for 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) at an average gradient of 7%.
Bixby letter
The Bixby letter is a brief, consoling message sent by President Abraham Lincoln in November 1864 to Lydia Parker Bixby, a widow living in Boston, Massachusetts, who was thought to have lost five sons in the Union army during the American Civil War. Along with the Gettysburg Address and his second inaugural address, the letter has been praised as one of Lincoln's finest written works and is often reproduced in memorials, media, and print.

Controversy surrounds the recipient, the fate of her sons, and the authorship of the letter. Bixby's character has been questioned (including rumored Confederate sympathies), at least two of her sons survived the war, and the letter was possibly written by Lincoln's assistant private secretary, John Hay.

Sole Survivor Policy
The Sole Survivor Policy or United States Department of Defense Directive 1315.15 "Special Separation Policies for Survivorship" describes a set of regulations in the United States military, partially stipulated by law, that are designed to protect members of a family from the draft during peacetime or wartime if they have already lost family members to military service. This policy has been in effect since 1948.
Test (Unix)
test is a command-line utility found in Unix, Plan 9, and Unix-like operating systems that evaluates conditional expressions. test was turned into a shell builtin command in 1981 with UNIX System III and at the same time made available under the alternate name [.

Conditional (computer programming)
In computer programming, a conditional statement directs  program control flow based on the value of a condition; a Boolean expression. A conditional expression evaluates to a value without the side-effect of changing control flow.

Many programming languages (such as C) have distinct conditional statements and expressions. In pure functional programming, a conditional expression does not have side-effects, many functional programming languages with conditional expressions (such as Lisp) support side-effects.
David Axmark
David Axmark, born 28 May 1962 in Sweden, is one of the founders of MySQL AB and a developer of the free database server, MySQL. He has been involved with MySQL development from its beginning along with the fellow co-founder Michael Widenius. He studied at Uppsala University between 1980 and 1984

David has been involved with free software since 1980 and has said he is committed to developing a successful business model using free open source software. During early 2010 David made a Series A financing for OrangeHRM, "The World's Most Popular Open Source Human Resource Management Software".
David is a director at OrangeHRM.

On 4 December 2012, David Axmark, together with the other MySQL founders, Michael "Monty" Widenius and Allan Larsson, announced the MariaDB Foundation.

Michael Widenius
Ulf Michael Widenius (born 3 March 1962), also known as Monty, is a Finnish software programmer. He is the main author of the original version of the open source MySQL database, a founding member of the MySQL AB company, founding member of the MariaDB Foundation and CTO of the MariaDB Company. Additionally, he is a founder and general partner at venture capital firm OpenOcean.
Shel Talmy
Sheldon Talmy (August 11, 1937 – November 13, 2024) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger, best known for his work in England in the 1960s with the Who, the Kinks, and many other artists.

Talmy arranged and produced hits such as "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks, "My Generation" by the Who, and "Friday on My Mind" by the Easybeats. He also played guitar or percussion on some of his productions.

Tim Rose
Timothy Alan Patrick Rose (September 23, 1940 – September 24, 2002) was an American singer and songwriter who spent much of his life in London, England, and had more success in Europe than in his native country.
Sharpe's Waterloo
Sharpe's Waterloo is a historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell. Originally published in 1990 under the title Waterloo, it is the eleventh novel of the Sharpe series and the twentieth novel in chronological order. Cornwell stated that he intended to end the series here, but later changed his mind.

Jean Victor Constant de Rebecque
Jean Victor Constant de Rebecque or Jean Victor de Constant Rebecque (22 September 1773 – 12 June 1850) was a Swiss mercenary and member of the house of Constant de Rebecque who distinguished himself in Dutch service. As chief of staff of the Netherlands Mobile Army, he countermanded the order of the Duke of Wellington to evacuate Dutch troops from Quatre Bras on the eve of the Battle of Quatre Bras, thereby preventing Marshal Michel Ney from occupying that strategic crossroads.
Ghorayeba
Ghorayeba(h) are a shortbread-type biscuit, usually made with ground almonds. Versions are found in most Arab, Balkan and Ottoman cuisines, with various different forms and recipes. They are similar to polvorones from Andalusia.

In the Maghreb and Egypt, they are often served with Libyan tea, Arabic coffee or Maghrebi mint tea.

Acıbadem kurabiyesi
Acıbadem kurabiyesi (Turkish: acıbadem kurabiyesi, lit. 'bitter almond biscuit') is a traditional Turkish biscuit made of almonds, sugar and egg whites. The traditional recipes include a small amount of bitter almonds, which gives this cookie its name. However, because bitter almonds are not readily available, almond extract is typically used as a substitute. These biscuits are part of the stock-in trade of almost every bakery in Turkey and are rarely made at home.

These biscuits have a chewy texture. They are usually served with coffee or ice cream. They are similar to the traditional Italian amaretto cookie, which also calls for and derives its name from bitter almonds.
World version W5
World version W5 (W5 professional kickboxing) is a sports promotion of Russian origin with headquarters in Bratislava, Slovakia, and Moscow, Russia. They also have representatives in Prague (Czech Republic), Almere (Netherlands), Serbia and Croatia. W5 holds professional kickboxing events across Russia and Europe with future events planned for North and South America.

W5 was established in 2007, when Sergey Chepinoga organized the first event in Budva, Montenegro at a football stadium. The event was a success and thus began W5 in the world of kickboxing. To date W5 has promoted more than 40 kickboxing events in locations like Prague (the Czech Republic), Vienna (Austria), Bratislava, Prievidza, Zvolen (Slovakia), Zagreb and Dubrovnik (Croatia), Ingolstadt (Germany), Budva (Montenegro), Minsk (Belarus), Moscow, Ryazan, Oryol, Kalyazin and other Russian cities.

Vlad Tuinov
Vladislav Valdimirovich Tuinov (Russian: Владислав Владимирович Туйнов); more known as Vlad Tuinov (born February 10, 1998, in Orel, Russia) is a professional Russian kickboxer who competes in the lightweight division.
TT69
Theban Tomb 69 (TT 69) is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian official named Menna, whose titles included ‘Overseer of Fields of Amun’, and ‘Overseer of Fields of the Lord of the Two Lands’.  Traditionally, TT 69 has been dated to the reign of Thutmosis IV. However, recent art historical studies of artistic style suggest the majority of the tomb was decorated during the reign of Amenhotep III.

Sheikh Abd el-Qurna
The necropolis of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna (Arabic: شيخ عبدالقرنة) is located on the West Bank at Thebes in Upper Egypt. It is part of the archaeological area of Deir el-Bahari, and named after the domed tomb of the local saint. This is the most frequently visited cemetery on the Theban west bank, with the largest concentration of private tombs.
Logical Disk Manager
The Logical Disk Manager (LDM) is an implementation of a logical volume manager for Microsoft Windows NT, developed by Microsoft and Veritas Software. It was introduced with the Windows 2000 operating system, and is supported in Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 and Windows 11. The MMC-based Disk Management snap-in (diskmgmt.msc) hosts the Logical Disk Manager. On Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, Microsoft deprecated LDM in favor of Storage Spaces.

Logical Disk Manager enables disk volumes to be dynamic, in contrast to the standard basic volume format. Basic volumes and dynamic volumes differ in their ability to extend storage beyond one physical disk. Basic partitions are restricted to a fixed size on one physical disk. Dynamic volumes can be enlarged to include more free space - either from the same disk or another physical disk. (For more information on the difference, see Basic and dynamic disks and volumes, below.)

Microsoft Management Console
Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides system administrators and advanced users an interface for configuring and monitoring the system.

MMC was introduced in late 1997 as an optional component of Windows NT 4.0 via the Option Pack update, which includes additional features that were slated for release with Windows 2000. It later came shipped with Windows starting with Windows 2000 onwards.
GStreamer
GStreamer is a pipeline-based multimedia framework that links together a wide variety of media processing systems to complete complex workflows. For instance, GStreamer can be used to build a system that reads files in one format, processes them, and exports them in another. The formats and processes can be changed in a plug and play fashion.

GStreamer supports a wide variety of media-handling components, including simple audio playback, audio and video playback, recording, streaming and editing. The pipeline design serves as a base to create many types of multimedia applications such as video editors, transcoders, streaming media broadcasters and media players.

It is designed to work on a variety of operating systems, e.g. the BSDs, OpenSolaris, Linux, Android, macOS, iOS, Windows, OS/400.

GStreamer is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the LGPL-2.1-or-later and is being hosted at freedesktop.org.

Multimedia framework
A multimedia framework is a software framework that handles media on a computer and through a network. A good multimedia framework offers an intuitive API and a modular architecture to easily add support for new audio, video and container formats and transmission protocols. It is meant to be used by applications such as media players and audio or video editors, but can also be used to build videoconferencing applications, media converters and other multimedia tools. Data is processed among modules automatically, it is unnecessary for app to pass buffers between connected modules one by one.

In contrast to function libraries, a multimedia framework provides a run time environment for the media processing. Ideally such an environment provides execution contexts for the media processing blocks separated from the application using the framework. The separation supports the independent processing of multimedia data in a timely manner. These separate contexts can be implemented as threads.
Stadion Rujevica
Stadion Rujevica (English: Rujevica Stadium), officially known as Stadion HNK Rijeka (English: HNK Rijeka Stadium), is a stadium in the city of Rijeka, Croatia. The stadium is commonly referred to as Rujevica after its location. From August 2015, the stadium is a temporary home ground for HNK Rijeka during construction of the new Stadion Kantrida. The stadium is part of the training camp used by the club's youth academy, which includes four additional fields. Once the new Kantrida is built, the stadium will be used as the club's training ground.

HNK Rijeka Academy
HNK Rijeka Academy is the youth academy of HNK Rijeka. There are a total of eleven age categories within the academy, the oldest being the Juniori (under-19) and youngest the Morčići (under-8). Rijeka's football academy was officially founded in 1972. More than 400 youth footballers attend the academy.
Adaptations of A Christmas Carol
A Christmas Carol, the 1843 novella by Charles Dickens (1812–1870), is one of the English author's best-known works. It is the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a greedy miser who hates Christmas but who is transformed into a caring, kindly person through the visitations of four ghosts (Jacob Marley and the ghosts of Christmas past, present, and future). The classic work has been dramatised and adapted countless times for virtually every medium and performance genre, and new versions appear regularly.

Carol for Another Christmas
Carol for Another Christmas is a 1964 American TV movie, written by Rod Serling as a modernization of Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol and a plea for global cooperation. It was the first in a planned series of television specials developed to promote the United Nations and educate viewers about its mission. Originally televised on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network on December 28, 1964, it was not shown again for 48 years, until Turner Classic Movies (TCM) broadcast it on December 16, 2012.

The film was the only television program ever directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and includes Peter Sellers' first performance after recovering from a near-fatal heart attack earlier in 1964. The film also features Sterling Hayden, who had previously costarred with Sellers in Dr. Strangelove  and Britt Ekland, who was married to Sellers at the time.
It is also available free on YouTube.
Independence Day (Finland)
Independence Day (Finnish: itsenäisyyspäivä [ˈitsenæi̯syːsˌpæi̯ʋæ]; Swedish: självständighetsdagen) is a national public holiday in Finland and a flag flying day held on 6 December to celebrate Finland's declaration of independence from Russia after the Bolsheviks took power in late 1917.

Independence Day Reception
The Independence Day Reception (Finnish: Itsenäisyyspäivän vastaanotto; Swedish: Självständighetsdagens festmottagning) is an annual event organised by the President of Finland at the Presidential Palace in Helsinki on 6 December, Finland's Independence Day. Invitations are sent to all members of parliament and other representatives of the national and municipal governments, the ambassadors to Finland, representatives of NGOs, important business people, and people who distinguished themselves during the year in the arts, sports, sciences, and other fields.
Hixson–Mixsell House
The Hixson–Mixsell House, also known as the Springtown Stagecoach Inn, is a historic building at 157 County Route 519 in the village of Springtown, in Pohatcong Township, Warren County, New Jersey. The main block was built c. 1836–1840, with a rear wing built between c. 1790 and 1840. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 12, 2014 for its significance in architecture.

Springtown, Warren County, New Jersey
Springtown is an unincorporated community located at the intersection of Springtown Road (County Route 519) and the Pohatcong Creek in Pohatcong Township, Warren County, New Jersey. It was named after the many small springs in the valley.
Gossau SG railway station
Gossau SG railway station (German: Bahnhof Gossau SG) is a railway station in Gossau, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It is an intermediate station on the St. Gallen–Winterthur line and the terminus of the Sulgen–Gossau and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Gossau–Wasserauen lines.

St. Gallen S-Bahn
The St. Gallen S-Bahn (German: S-Bahn St. Gallen) is an S-Bahn-style commuter rail in Eastern Switzerland and neighbouring areas. The network connects stations in the Swiss cantons of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Grisons, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zurich, as well as a few stations in Austria (Bregenz, Vorarlberg) and Germany (Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg and Lindau, Bavaria). Some services also operate as part of the Bodensee S-Bahn.

Services are operated by Appenzeller Bahnen (AB), Südostbahn (SOB), and Thurbo. Within Switzerland and until Konstanz, services operate within the Tarifverbund Ostwind (Ostwind fare network)  of northeastern Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
San Mateo County, California
San Mateo County, officially the County of San Mateo, is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 764,442. Redwood City is the county seat, the third-most populated city in the county after Daly City and San Mateo.

San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA MSA (metropolitan statistical area), Silicon Valley, and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area, the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay. As of 2020, it has a median household income of $128,091, the fourth-highest household income of any county in the nation behind Loudoun County, Virginia, Falls Church, Virginia, and Santa Clara County, California.

The county covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula. The county is predominantly suburban and is home to many corporate campuses.

Butano State Park
Butano State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California, showcasing the secluded redwood-filled canyon of Little Butano Creek, a tributary of Butano Creek in the Pescadero Creek watershed. Located in San Mateo County near Pescadero, the 4,728-acre (1,913 ha) park was established in 1956.
Properdin
Properdin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene.

Properdin is plasma glycoprotein that activates the complement system of the innate immune system.  This protein binds to bacterial cell walls and dying human cells to stabilize the C3 and C5-convertase enzyme complexes to form an attack complex that leads to the lysis of the cell.

C5-convertase
C5  convertase is an enzyme belonging to a family of serine proteases that play key role in the innate immunity. It participates in the complement system ending with cell death.

There are four different C5 convertases able to specifically convert the protein C5 to C5a and C5b fragments. Two of the convertases are physiological complement enzymes, associate to the cell-surface and mediate the classical pathway (C4b2b3b, or C4b2a3b depending on source) or the alternative pathway (C3bBbC3b) of complement system. Two fluid phase C5 convertases have been described: the classical pathway enzyme, C4b2boxy3b and the cobra venom factor-dependent C5 convertase, CVFBb.
Haven (graph theory)
In graph theory, a haven is a certain type of function on sets of vertices in an undirected graph. If a haven exists, it can be used by an evader to win a pursuit–evasion game on the graph, by consulting the function at each step of the game to determine a safe set of vertices to move into. Havens were first introduced by Seymour & Thomas (1993) as a tool for characterizing the treewidth of graphs. Their other applications include proving the existence of small separators on minor-closed families of graphs, and characterizing the ends and clique minors of infinite graphs.

Hadwiger number
In graph theory, the Hadwiger number of an undirected graph G is the size of the largest complete graph that can be obtained by contracting edges of G.
Equivalently, the Hadwiger number h(G) is the largest number n for which the complete graph  Kn is a minor of G, a smaller graph obtained from G by edge contractions and vertex and edge deletions. The Hadwiger number is also known as the contraction clique number of G or the homomorphism degree of G. It is named after Hugo Hadwiger, who introduced it in 1943 in conjunction with the Hadwiger conjecture, which states that the Hadwiger number is always at least as large as the chromatic number of G.

The graphs that have Hadwiger number at most four have been characterized by Wagner (1937). The graphs with any finite bound on the Hadwiger number are sparse, and have small chromatic number. Determining the Hadwiger number of a graph is NP-hard but fixed-parameter tractable.
Leeton District Lands Office
The Leeton District Lands Office is a heritage-listed administration office located at Chelmsford Place, Leeton in the Leeton Shire local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by J. M. S. Woore of the Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission and built in 1937. It is also known as the Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission. The property is owned by Department of Planning and Infrastructure, a department of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Leeton Shire
Leeton Shire is a local government area in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia.  The Shire is located adjacent to the Murrumbidgee River and falls within the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area.

The Shire includes the town of Leeton and the small towns of Yanco, Gogeldrie, Whitton, Wamoon, Stoney Point, Murrami, Corbie Hill, Amesbury, Merungle Hill, Fivebough and Stanbridge and the suburbs of Parkview, Wattle Hill, Wiradjuri, North Leeton, Gralee and Willimbong.

The shire was created on 6 January 1928 under the provisions of the Irrigation Act 1912 from land previously part of Yanko Shire and was originally called Willimbong Shire. It was renamed as Leeton Shire on 10 July 1946.

The mayor of Leeton Shire is Cr George Weston.
Kingsport, Tennessee
Kingsport is a city in Sullivan and Hawkins counties in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It lies along the Holston River and had a population of 55,442 at the 2020 census. It is the largest city in the Kingsport–Bristol metropolitan area, which had 307,613 residents in 2020. The metro area is a component of the larger Tri-Cities region of Tennessee and Virginia, with a population of 508,260 in 2020.

Kingsport was chartered in 1822. The city's name is a simplification of King's Port, originally referring to the area on the Holston River known as King's Boat Yard, the head of navigation for the Tennessee Valley. Kingsport is commonly included in what is known as the "Mountain Empire" in southwest Virginia and northeastern Tennessee.

Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area
The Kingsport–Bristol–Bristol metropolitan area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia, United States, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). It was formed in December 2003 by the merger of the Bristol, VA MSA, and Kingsport–Bristol, TN–VA MSA. It is a component of the Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area – commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region.

As of the 2000 census, the MSA had a population of 298,494 (though a July 1, 2009, estimate placed the population at 305,629).