hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a colour-bearer or flag-bearer, is a person who bears an emblem known as a standard or military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc. This can either be an occasional duty, often seen as an honour (especially on parade), or a permanent charge (also on the battlefield); the second type has even led in certain cases to this task being reflected in official rank titles such as Chorąży, Ensign, Cornet, Fähnrich and Alferes/Alférez.

Flag
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design, often flown from a pole and used for symbolic, signalling, or decorative purposes. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed on such pieces of fabric. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin vexillum, meaning "flag" or "banner".

The first flags were used to aid military coordination on the battlefield, and flags have since evolved into a common tool for basic signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as maritime environments where semaphore is used). The national flag is a common patriotic symbol of a country, and many national or other flags may be assigned to flag families based on similarities in their designs that demonstrate a shared history, culture, or influence. Flags are also used in messages, advertising, or for other decorative purposes.
Wyaston
Wyaston is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is located 3 miles south of Ashbourne.

Wyaston is in the civil parish of Edlaston and Wyaston. This is 1⁄4 mile (1⁄2 km) southeast of Edlaston, both have a long history as separate townships, yet they form a single, if dispersed village.

The parish contains some of the highest land locally, the parish peak of 180 metres (590 ft) is by the central road junction in Wyaston.

A community hall is in use at Wyaston village.

Edlaston
Edlaston is a village three miles south of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, just off the A515 road. It is in close proximity to the hamlet of Wyaston, and the civil parish is called Edlaston and Wyaston. It had a population of 220 at the 2011 Census.

It is very rural as the land is light and stony with a clay subsoil, which is suitable for dairy pasture. The village consists of a few farms and cottages and a traditional stone built public house The Shire Horse on the outer east edge of the village. To the west of the village is Edlaston Hall. It and its outbuildings have been converted to multiple dwellings.
Prospectus (finance)
A prospectus, in finance, is a disclosure document that describes a financial security for potential buyers. It commonly provides investors with material information about mutual funds, stocks, bonds and other investments, such as a description of the company's business, financial statements, biographies of officers and directors, detailed information about their compensation, any litigation that is taking place, a list of material properties and any other material information. In the context of an individual securities offering, such as an initial public offering, a prospectus is distributed by underwriters or other financial firms to potential investors. Today, prospectuses are most widely distributed through websites such as EDGAR and its equivalents in other countries.

Public offering
A public offering is the offering of securities of a company or a similar corporation to the public. Generally, the securities are to be publicly listed. In most jurisdictions, a public offering requires the issuing company to publish a prospectus detailing the terms and rights attached to the offered security, as well as information on the company itself and its finances. Many other regulatory requirements surround any public offering and they vary according to jurisdiction.

The services of an underwriter are often used to conduct a public offering.
David D. Terry
David Dickson Terry (January 31, 1881 – October 6, 1963) was an American lawyer and politician who served five terms as a U.S. Representative from Arkansas from 1933 to 1943. He was the son of William Leake Terry.

William L. Terry
William Leake Terry (September 27, 1850 – November 4, 1917) was an American attorney and politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Arkansas's 4th congressional district from 1891 to 1901.
County of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria.
When the Frankish Crusaders, mostly southern French forces – captured the region in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the first count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. From that time on, the rule of the county was decided not strictly by inheritance but by factors such as military force (external and civil war), favour and negotiation. In 1289, the County of Tripoli fell to the Muslim Mamluks of Cairo under Sultan Qalawun, and the county was absorbed into Mamluk Sultanate.

Byblos
Byblos (/ˈbɪblɒs/ BIB-loss; Ancient Greek: Βύβλος), also known as Jbail, Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Arabic: جُبَيْل, romanized: Jubayl, locally Jbeil [ʒ(ə)beːl]), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000 BC and continuously inhabited since 5000 BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Genoese, Mamluk and Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the oldest cities in the world,  if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of the Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed.
Bag-of-words model
The bag-of-words (BoW) model is a model of text which uses  an unordered collection (a "bag") of words. It is used in natural language processing and information retrieval (IR). It disregards word order (and thus most of syntax or grammar) but captures multiplicity.

The bag-of-words model is commonly used in methods of document classification where, for example, the (frequency of) occurrence of each word is used as a feature for training a classifier. It has also been used for computer vision.

An early reference to "bag of words" in a linguistic context can be found in Zellig Harris's 1954 article on Distributional Structure.

Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the processing of natural language information by a computer. NLP is a subfield of computer science and is closely associated with artificial intelligence. NLP is also related to information retrieval, knowledge representation, computational linguistics, and linguistics more broadly.

Major processing tasks in an NLP system include: speech recognition, text classification, natural language understanding, and natural language generation.
Frankie Adams
Frankie Adams (born 3 January 1994) is a Samoan New Zealand actress, best known for her roles as Bobbie Draper in the science fiction television series The Expanse and as Ula Levi in the prime-time soap opera Shortland Street.

Samoan New Zealanders
Samoan New Zealanders are Samoan immigrants in New Zealand, their descendants, and New Zealanders of Samoan ethnic descent. They constitute one of New Zealand's most sizeable ethnic minorities. In the 2023 census, 213,069 New Zealanders identified themselves as being of Samoan ethnicity with 55,512 stating that they were born in Samoa, and 861 stating that they were born in American Samoa.
Ado (singer)
Ado (born October 24, 2002) is a Japanese singer. In 2020, at the age of 17, she made her debut with "Usseewa", which peaked at number 1 on Billboard Japan Hot 100, Oricon Digital Singles Chart, and the Oricon Streaming Chart. The song reached 100 million plays on Billboard Japan within 17 weeks of charting, which was the sixth fastest in history and made her the youngest to achieve the milestone as a solo singer. In 2022, her song "New Genesis" was used as the theme song for the animated film One Piece Film: Red and topped Apple Music's Global Top 100 charts. Her 2025 Hibana World Tour has been credited as the largest global tour by a Japanese artist.

She is represented by the artist management company Cloud Nine.

Ado's Utattemita Album
Ado's Utattemita Album (Adoの歌ってみたアルバム, Ado no Utattemita Arubamu; lit. 'Ado's tried-to-sing album') is a compilation album by Japanese singer Ado, released on December 13, 2023, via Virgin Music. Announced on September 15, 2023, the album features various Vocaloid and J-pop songs fans voted on for her to cover.
Two Countries
Two Countries is a 2015 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film written by Rafi and directed by Shafi. The film stars Dileep and Mamta Mohandas in the lead roles with Suraj Venjarammoodu, Mukesh, Aju Varghese, and Jagadish appearing in supporting roles. It was released on 25 December 2015 and became a commercial blockbuster at box office. It grossed 10 crores in just two days. The film was remade in Telugu as same name with Sunil and in Kannada with Sharan titled Adyaksha in America.

Adyaksha in America
Adyaksha In America is a 2019 Indian Kannada-language romantic comedy directed by Yoganand Muddanna, in his directorial debut. Produced by People Media Factory, It features Sharan and Ragini Dwivedi in the lead roles. The supporting cast includes Sadhu Kokila and Rangayana Raghu. The score and soundtrack for the film is done by V. Harikrishna and cinematography is done by Sudhakar Siddharth and Anish. The editing is done by K. M. Prakash. The film marks the 25th film of actress, Ragini Dwivedi.

The film is a spiritual sequel to the 2014 film Adyaksha and a remake of 2015 Malayalam film Two Countries starring Dileep and Mamta Mohandas in the lead.
Prony equation
The Prony equation (named after Gaspard de Prony) is a historically important equation in hydraulics, used to calculate the head loss due to friction within a given run of pipe.  It is an empirical equation developed by Frenchman Gaspard de Prony in the 19th century:

where hf is the head loss due to friction, calculated from: the ratio of the length to diameter of the pipe L/D, the velocity of the flow V, and two empirical factors a and b to account for friction.

This equation has been supplanted in modern hydraulics by the Darcy–Weisbach equation, which used it as a starting point.

Darcy–Weisbach equation
In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is an empirical equation that relates the head loss, or pressure loss, due to viscous shear forces along a given length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach. Currently, there is no formula more accurate or universally applicable than the Darcy–Weisbach supplemented by the Moody diagram or Colebrook equation.

The Darcy–Weisbach equation contains a dimensionless friction factor, known as the Darcy friction factor. This is also variously called the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor, friction factor, resistance coefficient, or flow coefficient.
Line 3 oil spill
The Line 3 oil spill was a 1.7 million gallon crude oil spill in Minnesota on March 3, 1991. The Line 3 pipeline, then owned by the Lakehead Pipeline Company (now Enbridge), ruptured on a wetland near Grand Rapids, Minnesota, spilling oil into the Prairie River, a tributary of the Mississippi River. It was the largest inland oil spill in the history of the United States.

Pipeline company operators based in Edmonton waited over an hour to shut down the line after noticing a drop in pressure. Another two hours passed before the pipeline's valves were shut off. As the river was still iced over at the time of the incident, contamination of downstream municipal water facilities was avoided. The Line 3 pipeline was also the origin of a 1.3 million gallon oil spill in Argyle in 1973, the second worst in Minnesota history.

Grand Rapids, Minnesota
Grand Rapids is a city in, and the county seat of, Itasca County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 11,126 at the 2020 census. The city is named for the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) long rapids in the Mississippi River which was the uppermost limit of practical steamboat travel during the late 19th century. Today the rapids are hidden below the dam of UPM Paper Company.
Armine Nutting Gosling
Armine Nutting Gosling ( November 6, 1861 – December 15, 1942) was a Canadian-born educator, suffragist, and social reformer who played a leading role in the women's rights movement in Newfoundland.

After serving as principal of the Church of England Girls’ School in St. John’s, she became deeply involved in public life through her advocacy for child and animal welfare, women’s education, and political equality. Gosling was a founding force behind the Ladies Reading Room and Current Events Club and later served as president of the Newfoundland Women’s Franchise League, spearheading the petition that led to women winning the right to vote in 1925. A gifted writer and speaker, Gosling’s influence extended beyond suffrage, laying groundwork for expanded civic engagement and social reform in Newfoundland. She is remembered as a pioneering voice for women’s rights and public service.

Women's suffrage in Newfoundland
Women in Newfoundland won the right to vote and run for political office in 1925. The first general election in which women were able to participate occurred in 1928. In that election, 90 per cent of eligible women voters cast ballots. In 1930, Lady Helena Squires became the first woman elected into the Newfoundland House of Assembly after winning a by-election.
Colonial families of Maryland
The colonial families of Maryland were the leading families in the Province of Maryland. Several also had interests in the Colony of Virginia, and the two are sometimes referred to as the Chesapeake Colonies.

Chesapeake Colonies
The Chesapeake Colonies were the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Province of Maryland, later Maryland, both colonies located in British America and centered on the Chesapeake Bay.
Kapuasia
Kapuasia is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemacheilidae, the stone loaches. The species in the genus are:

Kapuasia falaris, a species which is endemic to South Borneo.

Kapuasia maculiceps, a species which is endemic to West Borneo.

Nemacheilidae
The Nemacheilidae, or stone loaches, are a family of cypriniform fishes that inhabit stream environments, mostly in Eurasia, with one genus, Afronemacheilus, found in Africa. The family includes about 790 species.
Borgarnes
Borgarnes (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpɔrkarˌnɛːs]) is a town located on a peninsula at the shore of Borgarfjörður in Iceland and is the largest town in the Borgarbyggð municipality with a population of about 3800 residents. It is a main junction in Iceland and the gateway to the Snaefellsnes National Park.  Iceland's capital Reykjavík is 69 kilometers from the center of Borgarnes.  The second largest bridge in Iceland, the Borgarfjarðarbrú, connects traffic to and from Reykjavík.

Borgarfjarðarbrú
64°32′01″N 21°53′33″W﻿ / ﻿64.5336630°N 21.8924260°W﻿ / 64.5336630; -21.8924260

Borgarfjarðarbrú (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈpɔrkarˌfjarðarˌpruː], "Borgarfjörður bridge") is the second longest bridge in Iceland, after Skeiðarárbrú. It spans Borgarfjörður, linking Borgarnes to Route 1 (the Ring Road) and connecting it with other parts of the country. The bridge is 520 m long and was opened on 13 September 1981, with repairs carried out in 2012. Before its construction, the Ring Road crosses the Hvítá river 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) upstream from its mouth at Borgarfjörður via the bridge at Ferjukot, which opened in 1928.
Patch-sequencing
Patch-sequencing (patch-seq) is a modification of patch-clamp technique that combines electrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphological characterization of individual neurons. In this approach, the neuron's cytoplasm is collected and processed for RNAseq after electrophysiological recordings are performed on it. The cell is simultaneously filled with a dye that allows for subsequent morphological reconstruction.

Single-cell sequencing
Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. For example, in cancer, sequencing the DNA of individual cells can give information about mutations carried by small populations of cells. In development, sequencing the RNAs expressed by individual cells can give insight into the existence and behavior of different cell types. In microbial systems, a population of the same species can appear genetically clonal. Still, single-cell sequencing of RNA or epigenetic modifications can reveal cell-to-cell variability that may help populations rapidly adapt to survive in changing environments.
Haho Prefecture
Haho is a prefecture located in the Plateaux Region of Togo. The prefecture covers 3,051 km2, with a population in 2022 of 305,096. The prefecture seat is located in Notsé.

Cantons of Haho include Notsé, Wahala, Ayito, Assrama, Kpédomé, Dalia, Atsavé, and Djéméni. On October 12, 2018, two new cantons were created in Haho: Akpakpapé (commune 3) and Hahomégbé (commune 1).

The area is the ancestral land of the Aja people and Ewe people. Cotton and peanuts are major commercial crops.

Plateaux Region, Togo
Plateaux Region (French: Région des Plateaux) is one of Togo's five regions.

Atakpamé is the regional capital. It is the largest region in terms of area and has the second largest population (after the Maritime Region). Other major cities in the Plateaux region include Kpalimé and Badou. The highest point of the country, Mount Agou, is located within this region.

Plateaux is located north of Maritime Region and south of Centrale Region. In the west, it borders the Volta Region of Ghana, and in the east it borders three departments of Benin: Collines to the northeast; Zou to the east; and Kouffo to the southeast.

Plateaux is divided into the prefectures of:

Agou Prefecture

Amou Prefecture

Danyi Prefecture

Est-Mono Prefecture

Haho Prefecture

Kloto Prefecture

Moyen-Mono Prefecture

Ogou Prefecture

Wawa Prefecture
Far East Finance Centre
The Far East Finance Centre is a commercial building at 16 Harcourt Road in Admiralty, Hong Kong. It was jointly-constructed by Sino Land, Far East Consortium, Wah Ha Realty and Aik San Realty. The building is of 48 floors. The building was climbed by French urban climber Alain Robert in 1996.

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.
Hokkai Kitayell
Hokkaido Prefectural Sports Center (北海道立総合体育センター, Hokkaidō-ritsu Sōgō Taiiku Sentā) is an indoor sporting arena located in Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan. Sometimes called Kitayell, the capacity of the main arena is 8,000. It hosted some of the group games for the 2006 FIBA World Championship and also for the 2006 Women's Volleyball World Championship.

Kitayell also has a second arena for smaller events, and a public exercise gym with treadmills, weights, and weight machines.

Toyohira-ku, Sapporo
Toyohira-ku (豊平区) is one of the 10 wards in Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. The ward was established in 1972, when the Sapporo Olympics was held in Sapporo. Four other wards in Sapporo are bounded on Toyohira-ku.

As of April 1, 2012, the ward has an estimated population of 214,437, with 109,510 households and a population density of 4,626.47 persons per km2. The total area is 46.35 km2.
Dhanmondi Shahi Eidgah
The Dhanmondi Shahi Eidgah (Bengali: ধানমণ্ডী শাহী ঈদগাহ), also known as Mughal Eidgah (Bengali: মোগল ঈদগাহ), is located in Saat Masjid road, in Dhanmondi residential area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The Eidgah was built in 1640 CE during the Mughal era and has been in use for Eid celebration since then.

The structure is a listed archaeological site of the Department of Archaeology and has historical, architectural and heritage values. It is an example of Mughal architecture. Conservationist architect Abu Sayeed M Ahmed wrote, "This Eidgah is the oldest surviving Mughal monument in Dhaka city. There is no second one with the architectural forms and features similar to it."

Eidgah
Eidgah or Idgah, also Eid Gah or Id Gah (Persian: عیدگاه "site of Eid [observances]"; Bengali: ঈদগাহ; Punjabi: عید گاہ; Urdu: عید گاہ; Hindi: ईदगाह) is a term used in South Asian Islamic culture for the open-air enclosure usually outside the city (or at the outskirts) reserved for Eid prayers offered in the morning of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. It is usually a public place that is not used for prayers at other times of the year. On the day of Eid, the first thing Muslims do in the morning is gather usually at a large open ground and offer special prayers, in accordance with the Sunnah (traditions of Muhammad). Although the usage of the term Eidgah is of Indian origin, it may be used for the musalla, the open space outside a mosque, or other open grounds where Eid prayers are performed, due to the lack of a specific Islamic term for a site of Eid observance. The Eidgah is mentioned in the famous Bengali poem by Kazi Nazrul Islam, O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe.
The California Raisins
The California Raisins are a fictional rhythm and blues animated musical group as well as advertising and merchandising characters composed of anthropomorphized raisins. Lead vocals were sung by musician Buddy Miles. The California Raisins were popular from 1986 to 1994 through claymation TV commercials and animated specials, winning an Emmy Award and one nomination.

Raisin
A raisin is a dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. The word raisin is commonly used for the dried dark-colored seedless grape, while sultana is a golden-colored dried grape, and currant is a dried small Black Corinth seedless grape.