hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Craven A
Craven A (stylized as Craven "A") is a British brand of cigarettes, currently manufactured by British American Tobacco. Originally founded and produced by the Carreras Tobacco Company in 1921 until merging with Rothmans International in 1972, who then produced the brand until Rothmans was acquired by British American Tobacco in 1999.

The cigarette brand is named after the third Earl of Craven, after the "Craven Mixture", a tobacco blend formulated for the 3rd Earl in the 1860s by tobacconist Don José Joaquin Carreras.

British American Tobacco
British American Tobacco p.l.c. (BAT) is a British multinational company that manufactures and sells cigarettes, tobacco and other nicotine products including electronic cigarettes. The company, established in 1902, is headquartered in London, England. As of 2025, it is the second-largest tobacco company in the world based on net sales.

BAT has operations in around 180 countries and its cigarette brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike, Pall Mall and Rothmans. Its brands also include Vuse e-cigarettes, Glo heated tobacco, and Velo nicotine pouches.

BAT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. BAT plc ordinary shares are also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares.
Chinatown
Chinatown (Chinese: 唐人街) is a common term used to describe an ethnic enclave of Chinese people located outside of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, typically situated in an urban area. Chinatowns can be found around the world, including in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas. The history of Chinatowns date back to the Tang dynasty in the 10th century, arising from the nation's important role in global trade.

Binondo in Manila, established in 1594, is recognized as the world's oldest standing Chinatown. Notable early examples outside Asia include San Francisco's Chinatown in the United States and Melbourne's Chinatown in Australia, which were founded in the early 1850s during the California and Victoria gold rushes, respectively. A more modern example, in Montville, Connecticut, was caused by the displacement of Chinese workers in New York's Manhattan Chinatown following the September 11th attacks in 2001.

Chinatown, Boston
Chinatown, Boston (Chinese: 波士頓唐人街; Cantonese: 唐人街; Jyutping: Tong4jan4gaai1) is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is the only surviving historic ethnic Chinese enclave in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island, and Portland, Maine, after the 1950s. Because of the high population of Asians and Asian Americans living in this area of Boston, there is an abundance of Chinese and Vietnamese restaurants located in Chinatown. It is one of the most densely populated residential areas in Boston and serves as the largest center of its East Asian and Southeast Asian cultural life.

Chinatown borders the Boston Common, Downtown Crossing, the Washington Street Theatre District, Bay Village, the South End, and the Southeast Expressway/Massachusetts Turnpike. Boston's Chinatown is one of the largest Chinatowns outside of New York City.
Franco-Swiss Company
The Franco-Swiss Company (French: Compagnie Franco-Suisse, FS) was a former railway company in Switzerland, formed in 1859 and absorbed into the Western Swiss Railways in 1872. It built the Neuchâtel-Pontarlier railway.

Western Switzerland Railways
The Western Switzerland Railways (Chemins de fer de la Suisse Occidentale, shortened to Suisse-Occidentale; SO or S-O), were initially a joint operation of three Swiss railway companies, but these companies merged on 1 January 1872. The company was called the Western Switzerland–Simplon Railways (Chemins de fer de la Suisse Occidentale et du Simplon, shortened to Suisse-Occidentale–Simplon; SOS or SO-S) from 28 June 1881. The SOS merged with the Bernese Jura Railways (Chemins de fer du Jura bernois; JBL) to form the Jura–Simplon Railways (Compagnie des Chemins de Fer Jura–Simplon; JS) on 1 January 1890.
Nigel Boocock
Nigel Boocock (17 September 1937 – 3 April 2015) was a motorcycle speedway rider from England. who appeared in eight Speedway World Championship finals. He holds the record number of caps for Great Britain (64) and the record for total number of caps, when including England (154).

Ivan Mauger
Ivan Gerald Mauger OBE (4 October 1939 – 16 April 2018; last name pronounced "Major") was a New Zealand motorcycle speedway rider. He won a record six World Championships (Finals), a feat equalled only with the inclusion of the Speedway GP Championships by Bartosz Zmarzlik of Poland and Tony Rickardsson of Sweden. In 2010, Mauger was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.
Gurdon School District
Gurdon School District is a school district in Clark County, Arkansas, serving Gurdon. It operates three schools: Gurdon Primary School, Cabe Middle School, and Gurdon High School.

The district serves Gurdon, Okolona, and Whelen Springs.

The Okolona School District was dissolved on July 1, 1987; portions of the district were absorbed by the Gurdon School District.

Okolona School District (Arkansas)
Okolona School District was a school district in Clark and Pike counties in Arkansas, headquartered in Okolona. It was dissolved on July 1, 1987; portions of the district were absorbed by the Amity, Arkadelphia, Delight, and Gurdon school districts.
Hawker Horsley
The Hawker Horsley was a British single-engined biplane bomber of the 1920s. It was the last all-wooden aircraft built by Hawker Aircraft, and served as a medium day bomber and torpedo bomber with Britain's Royal Air Force between 1926 and 1935, as well as the navies of Greece and Denmark.

No. 504 Squadron RAuxAF
No. 504 (County of Nottingham) Squadron was one of the Special Reserve Squadrons of the Auxiliary Air Force, and today is a reserve force of the RAF Regiment. It was integrated into the AAF proper in 1936. Based at RAF Cottesmore, Rutland, 504 Squadron used a variety of light bombers before being re-tasked to fighters with the Hawker Hurricane in 1939. It subsequently became a Fighter Squadron. Currently No. 504 Squadron no longer has a flying role, but as part of No 85 Expeditionary Logistics Wing of the RAF A4 Force.
Sexual Politics
Sexual Politics is the debut book by American writer and activist Kate Millett, based on her PhD dissertation at Columbia University. It was published in 1970 by Doubleday. It is regarded as a classic of feminism and one of radical feminism's key texts, a formative piece in shaping the intentions of the second-wave feminist movement. In Sexual Politics, an explicit focus is placed on male dominance throughout prominent 20th century art and literature. According to Millett, Western literature reflects patriarchal constructions and the heteronormativity of society. She argues that men have established power over women, but that this power is the result of social constructs rather than innate or biological qualities.

The Second Sex
The Second Sex (French: Le Deuxième Sexe) is a 1949 book by the French existentialist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir, in which the author discusses the treatment of women in the present society as well as throughout all of history. Beauvoir researched and wrote the book in about 14 months between 1946 and 1949. She published the work in two volumes: Facts and Myths, and Lived Experience. Some chapters first appeared in the journal Les Temps modernes.

One of Beauvoir's best-known books, it is also one of the most controversial, even being banned by The Vatican. The Second Sex is regarded as a groundbreaking work of feminist philosophy, and as the starting inspiration point of second-wave feminism.
Bicycle-sharing system
A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles or electric bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost.

The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems; docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock (i.e. a technology-enabled bicycle rack) and return at another node or dock within the system, while dockless systems offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate smartphone web mapping to locate available bikes and docks.

With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts, by 2022, bike share schemes were offered by approximately 3,000 cities worldwide, including Dubai, New York, Paris, Mexico City, Montreal and Barcelona.

Capital Bikeshare
Capital Bikeshare (also abbreviated CaBi) is a bicycle-sharing system that serves Washington, D.C., and certain counties of the larger metropolitan area. As of August 2025, it had 800+ stations and more than 8,000 bicycles. Opened in September 20, 2010, the system is the largest municipality-owned bikeshare system in the United States.
Forward Madison FC
Forward Madison FC is an American professional soccer team based in Madison, Wisconsin. The team was founded in 2018, and played its inaugural season in 2019. The team competes in USL League One, the third division of the United States soccer league system, and plays their home matches at Breese Stevens Field. It is the sister club of Rally Madison FC, who compete in the women's amateur USL W League.

Flag of Madison, Wisconsin
The flag of Madison, Wisconsin includes a sky blue background with a diagonal white stripe that goes from the bottom left corner to the top right which symbolizes Lake Mendota, Lake Monona and the isthmus between them. At the center of the flag is a black cross, which symbolizes the four lakes (Mendota, Monona, Kegonsa, and Waubesa), as well as the cross shape of the Wisconsin State Capitol. The gold circle in the middle represents the Wisconsin State Capitol's dome.
History of Toulouse
The history of Toulouse, in Occitania, southern France, traces back to ancient times. After Roman rule, the city was ruled by the Visigoths and 
Merovingian and Carolingian Franks. Capital of the County of Toulouse during the Middle Ages, today it is the capital of the Midi-Pyrénées region.

Duchy of Gascony
The Duchy of Gascony or Duchy of Vasconia was an ethnic Basque duchy located in present-day southwestern France and northeastern Spain, an area encompassing the modern region of Gascony. The Duchy of Gascony, then known as Vasconia, was originally a Frankish march formed to hold sway over the Basques. However, the duchy went through different periods, from its early years with its distinctively Basque element to the merger in personal union with the Duchy of Aquitaine to the later period as a dependency of the Plantagenet kings of England.

Gascony was under continuous English rule for approximately 300 years, from 1152 to 1453. Charles VII of France reconquered the territory as a final act of the Hundred Years' War and the northern part of the territory was annexed by the Kingdom of France in 1453. The corresponding portion within the Iberian Peninsula became the Kingdom of Navarre.
National Bank of Egypt
National Bank of Egypt (NBE; Egyptian Arabic: البنك الأهلي المصري) is an Egyptian bank. Founded in June 1898, and is the country's largest bank (2013) in terms of assets, deposits, loans, bank-capital, number of total branches, and employees.

NBE has 540 branches within the country, assets of £E 366,6 bn., total deposits of £E 312,7 bn., and total loans and advances of £E 114,7 bn.
As of 2007, the National Bank of Egypt accounted for 23% of the Egyptian banking system's total assets, 25% of total deposits and 25% of total loans and advances. NBE also financed about 24% of Egypt's foreign trade during the year. NBE also accounts for 74% of the credit card market and 40% of the debit cards in Egypt.

According to the July 2007 issue of the Banker, in terms of total assets, NBE ranks 226th among the top 1000 world banks and ranks 3rd among the Arab banks.

Egyptian pound
The Egyptian pound (Egyptian Arabic: جنيه مصرى [ɡeˈneː ˈmɑsˤri, ˈɡeni-]; abbreviations: £, E£, £E, LE, or EGP in Latin, and ج.م. in Arabic,  ISO code: EGP) is the official currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastres, (or qirsh, قرش [ʔerʃ]; plural قروش [ʔʊˈruːʃ]; abbreviation: PT, short for "piastre tarif") and was historically divided into 1,000 milliemes (مليم  [mælˈliːm]; French: millième, abbreviated to m or mill).

Since July 6, 2022, the 10- and 20-pound notes have been made out of polymer plastic paper.
1950 Maccabiah Games
The 3rd Maccabiah (Hebrew: המכביה השלישית) took place during Sukkot from September 27 to October 8, 1950, with 17 countries competing. It was the third edition of the Maccabiah Games and the first held since the independence of the State of Israel; 15 years after the previous Maccabiah. Israel won the 1950 Maccabiah Games, Great Britain was second, South Africa third, the United States fourth, Canada fifth, and Austria sixth.

Maccabiah Games
The Maccabiah Games (Hebrew: משחקי המכביה, or משחקי המכביה העולמית; sometimes referred to as the "Jewish Olympics") is an international multi-sport event with summer and winter sports competitions featuring Jews and Israelis regardless of religion. Held every four years in Israel, the Maccabiah Games is considered the foremost sports competition for global Jewry.

The Maccabiah Games were declared a "Regional Sports Event" by, and under the auspices and supervision of, the International Olympic Committee in 1961.

Organized by the Maccabi World Union, the first games were held in 1932.

The 2022 Maccabiah Games were originally scheduled for 2021, but were postponed and held in 2022 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first summer games to be postponed.

The next Maccabiah Games were supposed to be held in Israel between July 1, 2025 and July 22, 2025, but were postponed to the summer of 2026 due to the Iran–Israel war.
Rorschach, Switzerland
Rorschach (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈroːrʃax]) is a municipality in the district of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is on the south side of Lake Constance (Bodensee).

St. Margrethen
St. Margrethen (Sankt Margrethen, German pronunciation: [zaŋkt maʁˈɡʁeːtən],  lit. 'Saint Margrethen') is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency) of Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. It is located on the Swiss–Austrian border.
Basellaceae
Basellaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera:

Anredera – 12 species

Basella – 5 species

Tournonia – 1 species

Ullucus – 1 species

All the species are climbing or trailing vines. Two species cultivated as food – Basella alba (Malabar spinach) and Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco) – have been bred to a more erect, compact form. Three species grow tubers – Anredera cordifolia and A. vesicaria produce them in the leaf axils or at the base of the stem and U. tuberosus at the end of stolons. Leaf blades vary in shape between species, within species, and even on an individual plant.

The two cultivated species are of economic importance.

Basella
The genus Basella is the type genus of the plant family Basellaceae.  Basella contains five known species. Three species are endemic to Madagascar, and one is endemic to southeastern Africa. The fifth is widespread across Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and New Guinea.

The genus name is derived from the south Indian name Basale which Hendrik Rheede recorded in Malabar as Basella in his Hortus Malabaricus. The name was utilitized by Linnaeus.
Meatless Monday
Meatless Monday and Meat-Free Monday are international campaigns that encourage people to not eat meat on Mondays to improve their health and the health of the planet.

Meatless Monday is a nonprofit initiative founded by marketing professional Sid Lerner, of The Monday Campaigns Inc. in association with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for a Livable Future. The public-facing campaign was designed and piloted by Social Impact Studios, a national creative agency based in Philadelphia that focuses mainstream marketing practices on social issues. Meatless Monday is based in the United States.

In 2009, Meat Free Monday was founded by Paul McCartney, along with his daughters Mary McCartney, and Stella McCartney.

Vegan school meal
A vegan school meal or vegan school lunch or vegan school dinner or vegan hot lunch is a vegan option provided as a school meal. A small number of schools around the world serve vegan food or are vegan schools, serving exclusively vegan food.
Hull Rifles
The Hull Rifles, later the 4th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment, was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force first raised in Kingston upon Hull in 1859. During the First World War it served on the Western front, seeing a great deal of action at Ypres, the Somme (where it was one of the first infantry units ever to cooperate with tanks), Arras, and in the German spring offensive, when it was virtually destroyed. Its 2nd Line battalion garrisoned Bermuda for much of the war. During the Second World War the 4th Battalion was captured at the Battle of Gazala, but its wartime duplicate unit fought on through the Western Desert, Tunisia and Sicily, and then landed in Normandy on D Day. The battalion served in the postwar Territorial Army until 1960, and its successors in today's Army Reserve continue in Hull.

William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough
William Henry Forester Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough (né Conyngham; 19 June 1834 – 19 April 1900), known as The Lord Londesborough from 1860–87, was a British peer and Liberal politician. He was also one of the main founders of Scarborough FC.
Brenles
Brenles  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Brenles, Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.

Chesalles-sur-Moudon
Chesalles-sur-Moudon  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Brenles, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.
Baron Keane
Baron Keane, of Ghuznee in Afghanistan and of Cappoquin in the County of Waterford, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 23 December 1839 for the military commander John Keane. He was the second son of Sir John Keane, 1st Baronet, of Cappoquin (see Keane Baronets for earlier history of the family). The third Baron was a Lieutenant-General in the British Army. The title became extinct on his death in 1901.

Palliser baronets
The Palliser Baronetcy, of The Vache in the County of Buckingham, was a title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 6 August 1773 for the naval commander Admiral Hugh Palliser. The title became extinct on the death of the third Baronet in 1868.
Polyamine-transporting ATPase
In enzymology, a polyamine-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + H2O + polyamineout  ADP + phosphate + polyaminein

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and polyamine, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and polyamine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (polyamine-importing). This enzyme participates in abc transporters - general.

Polyamine
A polyamine is an organic compound having three or more amino groups. Alkyl polyamines occur naturally, but some are synthetic. Alkylpolyamines are colorless, hygroscopic, and water soluble. Near neutral pH, they exist as the ammonium derivatives. Most aromatic polyamines are crystalline solids at room temperature.
Ureparapara
13°32′S 167°20′E﻿ / ﻿13.533°S 167.333°E﻿ / -13.533; 167.333

Ureparapara (also known as Parapara for short; once known as Bligh Island) is the third largest island in the Banks group of northern Vanuatu, after Gaua and Vanua Lava.

The climate on the island is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall exceeds 4000 mm. Ureparapara is subject to frequent earthquakes and cyclones.

Löyöp language
Löyöp [løjøp] (formerly known as Lehalurup) is an Oceanic language spoken by about 240 people, on the east coast of Ureparapara Island in the Banks Islands of Vanuatu. It is distinct from Lehali, the language spoken on the west coast of the same island.

The language was originally native to the Rowa Islands, having been brought to Ureparapara around the 1930s when a tsunami struck the Reef Islands and forced the speakers to relocate.

It is considered a vulnerable language by UNESCO.
The 2i's Coffee Bar
The 2i's Coffee Bar was a coffeehouse at 59 Old Compton Street in Soho, London, that was open from 1956 to 1970. It played a formative role in the emergence of Britain's skiffle and rock and roll music culture in the late 1950s, and several major stars including Tommy Steele and Cliff Richard were first discovered performing there.

Vince Eager
Vince Eager (born Roy Taylor; 4 June 1940) is an English pop musician. He was widely promoted by impresario Larry Parnes, but later quarrelled with him over his commercialising of Eddie Cochran's early death. Eager has since appeared in cabaret and on the West End stage.
Water Newton
Water Newton is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Water Newton lies approximately 5 miles (8 km) west of Peterborough. Water Newton is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. As the population of the village was 88 only at the 2011 Census it is included in the civil parish of Chesterton.

The village is sandwiched between the River Nene to the north and the A1 trunk road to the south. The River Nene marks the boundary between Huntingdonshire and the City of Peterborough.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Piršenbreg
Piršenbreg (pronounced [ˈpiːɾʃɛmbɾɛk]; in older sources also Piršni Breg, German: Pirschenberg) is a settlement in the hills north of Brežice in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.

The local church, built north of the settlement on the territory of the neighbouring settlement of Blatno, is dedicated to Saint Barbara. It belongs to the Parish of Pišece. It was built in the 17th century.

Blatno, Brežice
Blatno (pronounced [ˈblaːtnɔ]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Brežice in eastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Lower Sava Statistical Region.