hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frank Messervy
General Sir Frank Walter Messervy, KCSI, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar (9 December 1893 – 2 February 1974) was a British military officer who served as the first commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Army from August 1947 to February 1948. Prior to Pakistan's independence, he served in the British Indian Army in the First and Second World Wars, and as the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Northern Command of British India in 1946 and 1947.

4th Infantry Division (India)
The 4th Infantry Division, also known as the Red Eagle Division, is an infantry division of the Indian Army. This division of the British Indian Army was formed in Egypt in 1939 during the Second World War. During the Second World War, it took part in campaigns in East Africa (Eritrea and Sudan), Syria, North Africa and Italy. Post independence, the division is part of the I Corps and headquartered at Prayagraj.
SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu
SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu is presented by Vibri media group as part of its annual South Indian International Movie Awards, for best acting done by an actor in Telugu films, who are selected by the jury. The award was first given in 2012 for films released in 2011.

South Indian International Movie Awards
The South Indian International Movie Awards (SIIMA)  rewards the artistic and technical achievements of the South Indian film industry. It was launched in 2012 by Vishnu Vardhan Induri and Brinda Prasad Adusimilli to appreciate and honour film makers from across the South Indian film industries: Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema, and Kannada cinema, and provide a platform to promote South Indian films in international markets.
John Butler of Kilcash
John Butler of Kilcash (died 1570) was an Irish landowner and soldier. A younger son of James Butler, 9th Earl of Ormond and brother of Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond, he received Kilcash Castle as appanage. He fought in the Desmond–Ormond conflict and was badly wounded in 1563, just before the Battle of Affane. He was the start-point of the Kilcash branch of the Ormonds and the father of Walter Butler, 11th Earl of Ormond.

Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond
Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond and 3rd Earl of Ossory KG PC (Ire) (Irish: Tomás Dubh de Buitléir, Iarla Urmhamhan; c. 1531 – 1614), was an influential courtier in London at the court of Elizabeth I. He was Lord Treasurer of Ireland from 1559 to his death. He fought for the crown in the Rough Wooing, the Desmond Rebellions, and Tyrone's Rebellion. He fought his rival, Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond in the Battle of Affane in 1565.
Julius Chan
Sir Julius Chan (Chinese: 陳仲民, 29 August 1939 – 30 January 2025) was a Papua New Guinean politician who served as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982 and from 1994 to 1997. He was Member of Parliament for New Ireland Province, having won the seat in the 2007 national election. He was also the Governor of New Ireland Province from 2007 until his death in 2025. On 26 May 2019, Prime Minister Peter O'Neill announced he would soon resign and that he wished for Sir Julius to succeed him. An outgoing Prime Minister does not, however, have the power to appoint his successor, and the following day O'Neill delayed his own formal resignation. He was also a leading figure in his country during the years-long Bougainville conflict.

Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea
The prime minister of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (Tok Pisin: Prai Minista bilong Papua Niugini) is Papua New Guinea's head of government, elected by the National Parliament and formally appointed by the Governor-General of Papua New Guinea. The prime minister serves as the head of his party, the head of the coalition government, and the chairman of the National Executive Council.
Siziano
Siziano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 km south of Milan and about 15 km north of Pavia.

Siziano borders the following municipalities: Bornasco, Carpiano, Lacchiarella, Landriano, Locate di Triulzi, Pieve Emanuele, Vidigulfo.

Vidigulfo
Vidigulfo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km northeast of Pavia.

Vidigulfo borders the following municipalities: Bornasco, Ceranova, Lacchiarella, Landriano, Marzano, Siziano, Torrevecchia Pia.
Faculty of Fine Arts of Pontevedra
The Faculty of Fine Arts of Pontevedra is a university faculty founded in 1990 in the Spanish city of Pontevedra, based in the city centre, in the former Maestranza and old neoclassical barracks of Saint Ferdinand.

The faculty belongs to the Pontevedra Campus, integrated in the Galician University System and dependent on the University of Vigo. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Art. It is the only Faculty of Fine Arts in Galicia and northwestern Spain.

Ensanche de Pontevedra
The Ensanche of Pontevedra is the neighbourhood that forms the centre of the Spanish city of Pontevedra, made up of several successive extensions to the city outside the old town. The term Ensanche means " widening " in Spanish and refers to the expanding areas of Spanish cities towards the end of the 19th century, when the demographic explosion and the industrial revolution led to the demolition of the old city walls and the construction of new areas outside the old fortified walls.
Questa, New Mexico
Questa is a village in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,770 at the 2010 census. The village has trails into the Rio Grande Gorge, trout fishing, and mountain lakes with trails that access the Sangre de Cristo Mountains that overlook the area. Questa is on the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway, near the confluence of the Rio Grande and the Red River. The "Gateway to the Rio Grande del Norte Monument", its visitors can drive to an overlook of the Red River meeting the Rio Grande in the depth of the gorge. The Carson National Forest parallels Questa to the east. The Columbine Hondo Wilderness and Latir Peak Wildness are in the Carson National Forest close to Questa.

With a large Hispanic population, the village economy was historically largely dependent on agriculture and income from a now-closed Chevron molybdenum mine. Many residents also commute to Taos, Red River, and Angel Fire to work in the hospitality industries there.

Auguste Lacome
Auguste Sylvestre LaCome (October 25, 1821 – November 11, 1888) was a French settler and trader in the New Mexico Territory and brother of Jean Baptiste (Juan Bautista) LaCome. He led the search for the survivors of the White massacre.
Warner Theater (West Chester, Pennsylvania)
The Warner Theater, also known as The High Street Theater, was a historic, American movie theater that was located in West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania.

Located in the West Chester Downtown Historic District, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The auditorium was demolished in late 1986; the remainder of the building was renovated and converted into the Hotel Warner. Hotel Warner today is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

West Chester, Pennsylvania
West Chester is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Located in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, the borough had a population of 18,671 at the 2020 census. West Chester is the mailing address for most of its neighboring townships.

Much of the West Chester University North Campus and the Chester County government are located within the borough. The center of town is located at the intersection of Market and High Streets.
Nathan Hale
Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier, and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. Hale is considered an American hero and in 1985 was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut.

Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Army and British Army conducted espionage operations against one another to collect military intelligence to inform military operations. In addition, both sides conducted political action, covert action, counterintelligence, deception, and propaganda operations as part of their overall strategies.

American intelligence was monitored and sanctioned by the Continental Congress to provide military intelligence to the Continental Army to aid them in fighting the British during the American Revolutionary War. Congress created a Secret Committee for domestic intelligence, a Committee of Secret Correspondence for foreign intelligence, and a committee on spies, for tracking spies within the Patriot movement.

British espionage efforts were overseen by the British Army and focused primarily on gathering military intelligence to support military operations.
Asemeia (plant)
Asemeia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. It includes 36 species native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, ranging from the southeastern United 
States through Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and tropical South America to northern Argentina.

Polygalaceae
The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ca. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one genus, Polygala, the milkworts.

The family was first described in 1809 by Johann Hoffmansegg and Johann Link. In 1896, Robert Chodat split it into three tribes. A fourth tribe was split off from the tribe Polygaleae in 1992.  Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. Currently, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, the family belongs in Fabales.
2025 Tennessee Lottery 250
The 2025 Tennessee Lottery 250 was the 14th stock car race of the 2025 NASCAR Xfinity Series, and the 5th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, May 31, 2025, at Nashville Superspeedway in Lebanon, Tennessee, a 1.333 miles (2.145 km) permanent tri-oval shaped intermediate racetrack. The race took the scheduled 188 laps to complete.

In dominating fashion, Justin Allgaier, driving for JR Motorsports, would ultimately sweep the entire race, winning both stages, leading a race-high 101 laps, and earning the fastest lap of the event to score his 28th career NASCAR Xfinity Series win, and his third of the season. To fill out the podium, Connor Zilisch, driving for JR Motorsports, and Sam Mayer, driving for Haas Factory Team, would finish 2nd and 3rd, respectively.

JR Motorsports
JR Motorsports (pronounced "Junior Motorsports") is an American professional stock car racing team based in Mooresville, North Carolina, co-owned by Dale Earnhardt Jr., Kelley Earnhardt Miller, L. W. Miller, and Rick Hendrick. It currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series, NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series, eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing Series, CARS Late Model Stock Tour, and occasionally in the NASCAR Local Racing Series Powered by O'Reilly Auto Parts.

The team fields the No. 40 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 part-time at the NASCAR Cup Series for Justin Allgaier. The also team fields four full-time entries in the O'Reilly Auto Parts Series: the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro SS full-time for Carson Kvapil and Connor Zilisch, the No. 7 full-time for Allgaier, the No. 8 full-time for Sammy Smith, the No. 88 full-time for multiple drivers, as well as the No. 9 part-time for multiple drivers. The team fields the No. 88 Chevrolet full-time in the CARS Late Model Stock Tour for Caden Kvapil.
Hinoe Castle
The Hinoe Castle (日野江城, Hinoe-jō)  was a Sengoku period Japanese castle cemetery located in the Kita-Arima neighbourhood of city of Minamishimabara, Nagasaki Prefecture Japan. Its ruins were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1972.

Minamishimabara
Minamishimabara (Japanese: 南島原市, Hepburn: Minami-Shimabara-shi) lit. "South Shimabara City" is a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2024, the city had an estimated population of 41,028 in 18378 households, and a population density of 240 people per km2. The total area of the city is 170.13 km2 (65.69 sq mi).
Against Stephanos
The speeches "Against Stephanos" (Ancient Greek: κατὰ Στεφάνου Ψευδομαρτυριῶν, romanized: kata Stephanou Pseudomartyrion, "Against Stephanos for bearing false witness") were two orations surviving in the Demosthenic corpus, and delivered by Apollodoros of Acharnae.  The second speech against Stephanos, preserved as Demosthenes' 46th, was certainly not composed by Demosthenes, but the authorship of the first speech is disputed.  The speeches are part of a dispute between Apollodoros and his stepfather Phormion.

Works of Demosthenes
Demosthenes (Greek: Δημοσθένης; 384–322 BC) was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute the last significant expression of Athenian intellectual prowess and provide a thorough insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece. The Alexandrian Canon compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace recognized Demosthenes as one of the ten greatest Attic orators and logographers. Cicero acclaimed him as "the perfect orator" and the one who "has pre-eminence over all others" ("inter omnes unus excellat"), while Quintilian extolled him as lex orandi ("the standard of oratory").
Branching random walk
In probability theory, a branching random walk is a stochastic process that generalizes both the concept of a random walk and of a branching process.  At every generation (a point of discrete time), a branching random walk's value is a set of elements that are located in some linear space, such as the real line. Each element of a given generation can have several descendants in the next generation. The location of any descendant is the sum of its parent's location and a random variable.

This process is a spatial expansion of the Galton–Watson process. Its continuous equivalent is called branching Brownian motion.

Random walk
In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a stochastic process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.

An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line  which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability. Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas (see Brownian motion), the search path of a foraging animal, or the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler. Random walks have applications to engineering and many scientific fields including ecology, psychology, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905.

Realizations of random walks can be obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.
Robert C. Martin
Robert Cecil Martin (born 5 December 1952), colloquially called "Uncle Bob", is an American software engineer, instructor, and author. He is most recognized for promoting many software design principles and for being an author and signatory of the influential Agile Manifesto.

Martin has authored many books and magazine articles. He was the editor-in-chief of C++ Report magazine and served as the first chairman of the Agile Alliance.

Martin joined the software industry at age 17 and is self-taught.

Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on objects – software entities that encapsulate data and function(s). An OOP computer program consists of objects that interact with one another. An OOP language is one that provides object-oriented programming features, but as the set of features that contribute to OOP is contested, classifying a language as OOP – and the degree to which it supports OOP – is debatable. As paradigms are not mutually exclusive, a language can be multi-paradigm (i.e. categorized as more than only OOP).

Notable languages with OOP support include Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, Logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic (.NET).
Temporal anti-aliasing
Temporal anti-aliasing (TAA) refers to two distinct forms of anti-aliasing in computer graphics. The commonly understood meaning is a specific technique that removes spatial aliasing from an image, using data from multiple frames, and is used in video games and real-time rendering. The older meaning is a general class of techniques that remove temporal aliasing and create motion blur.

Fast approximate anti-aliasing
Fast approximate anti-aliasing (FXAA) is a screen-space anti-aliasing algorithm created by Timothy Lottes at Nvidia.

FXAA 3 is released under a public domain license. A later version, FXAA 3.11, is released under a 3-clause BSD license.
Ou (ligature)
Ou (Majuscule: Ȣ, Minuscule: ȣ) is a ligature of the Greek letters omicron ⟨ο⟩ and upsilon ⟨υ⟩ which was frequently used in Byzantine manuscripts to indicate a close back rounded vowel [u]. The ο–υ ligature is still seen today on icon artwork in Greek Orthodox churches, and sometimes in graffiti or other forms of informal or decorative writing.

In printed works, the ligature is often replaced by Ʊ, an inverted omega.

Greek ligatures
Greek ligatures are graphic combinations of the letters of the Greek alphabet that were used in medieval handwritten Greek and in early printing. Ligatures were used in the cursive writing style and very extensively in later minuscule writing. There were dozens of conventional ligatures. Some of them stood for frequent letter combinations, some for inflectional endings of words, and some were abbreviations of entire words.
Gold Collar
The Gold Collar is a Greyhound racing competition. It was inaugurated in 1933 at Catford Stadium.

Following the closure of Catford in 2003 the competition switched to Belle Vue Stadium but only lasted until 2009 when it was discontinued. Six years later the competition was resurrected by Crayford Stadium from 2015 to 2024 but with the closure of Crayford Stadium, it then switched to Brighton & Hove in 2025.

Crayford Stadium
Crayford Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium located in the London Borough of Bexley in England. The stadium, which featured races from 1986 to 2025, had private suites, a restaurant and a number of bars.

Evening meetings took place every Tuesday and Sunday, with matinée race meetings taking place on Thursday, Friday and Saturday. Crayford was owned by Ladbrokes Coral, a subsidiary of Entain. The stadium ceased racing after the 19 January 2025 meeting.
John Klemmer
John T. Klemmer (born July 3, 1946 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American saxophonist, composer, songwriter, and arranger.

Klemmer began playing guitar at age 5 and alto saxophone at 11. His numerous early interests included graphics and visual art, writing, dance, puppetry, painting, sculpting, and poetry. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and began touring with midwestern "ghost big bands" (Les Elgart, Woody Herman), as well as playing with small local jazz and rock groups. After switching to tenor saxophone in high school, Klemmer played with commercial small groups and big bands in Chicago while leading his own groups and touring.

Don Ellis
Donald Johnson Ellis (July 25, 1934 – December 17, 1978) was an American jazz trumpeter, drummer, composer, and bandleader. He is best known for his extensive musical experimentation, particularly in the area of time signatures. Later in his life he worked as a film composer, contributing a score to 1971's The French Connection and 1973's The Seven-Ups.
John Hamblin
John Reginald Hamblin (18 March 1935 – 21 September 2022), known affectionately as "Funny John" or "Naughty John", was a British-born Australian children's television presenter and actor of stage and screen who appeared in theatre productions, soap operas and made-for-TV films.

Hamblin was a presenter on the Australian children's television program Play School for 29 years, from 1970 to 1999. He featured in more than 350 episodes and became the second-longest-serving presenter in the program's history, after Benita Collings, with whom he often presented.

Benita Collings
Benita Collings (born 1940) is an Australian theatre, television and film character actress and children's television presenter best known for her role on ABC TV's Play School. Collings has also featured in documentaries and commercials.
1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1987 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held to elect the governor of Louisiana. Three-term incumbent Democratic governor Edwin Edwards lost re-election to a fourth term, defeated by Democratic congressman Buddy Roemer.

Edwin Edwards defeated Governor Dave Treen in the 1983 election. Edwards was prosecuted as governor by U.S. District Attorney John Volz for selling hospital certificates, but the first trial results in a hung jury before Edwards was acquitted.

Under Louisiana's jungle primary system, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party, and voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. On October 24, 1987, Roemer and Edwards took the two highest popular vote counts. As neither took over 50% a runoff was scheduled, but Edwards withdrew, causing the runoff's cancellation.

1983 Louisiana gubernatorial election
The 1983 Louisiana gubernatorial election was held to elect the governor of Louisiana. Incumbent Republican governor Dave Treen lost re-election to a second term, defeated by former Democratic governor  Edwin Edwards. Edwards became the first governor since Earl Long to win non-consecutive terms. He also became the first to serve three full terms.

Under Louisiana's jungle primary system, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party, and voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. A runoff would be held if no candidate received an absolute majority of the vote during the primary election. On October 12, 1983, Edwards and Treen took the two highest popular vote counts, but a runoff election was not held as Edwards won over 50% of the vote in the primary.
Hedley Bull
Hedley Norman Bull FBA (10 June 1932 – 18 May 1985) was Professor of International Relations at the Australian National University, the London School of Economics and the University of Oxford until his death from cancer in 1985. He was Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at Oxford from 1977 to 1985, and died there.

Donald Markwell
Donald John Markwell AM (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer". He was appointed Head of St Mark's College, Adelaide, from November 2019. He was Senior Adviser to the Leader of the Government in the Australian Senate from October 2015 to December 2017, and was previously Senior Adviser on Higher Education to the Australian Minister for Education.
Bridge End Gardens
Bridge End Gardens is a group of linked ornamental gardens in Saffron Walden, Essex, England. The gardens are listed Grade II* on the Register of Parks and Gardens. They are located off Castle Street, close to the Fry Art Gallery. Features include a maze.

Saffron Walden
Saffron Walden is a market town and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bishop's Stortford, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge and 43 miles (69 km) north of London. It retains a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. As well as the town itself, the parish also includes Little Walden and Audley End. At the 2021 census, the built up area had a population of 16,610, and the parish had a population of 17,022.