hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott Satterfield
Fredric Scott Satterfield (born December 21, 1972) is an American college football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at the University of Cincinnati, a position he has held since the 2023 season. Satterfield served as the head football coach at  Appalachian State University from 2013 to 2018 and the University of Louisville from 2019 to 2022.

Jerry Moore (American football, born 1939)
Gerald Hundley Moore (born July 18, 1939) is an American former college football coach and player.  He served as the head football coach at North Texas State University—now the University of North Texas—from 1979 to 1980, at Texas Tech University from 1981 to 1985, and at Appalachian State University from 1989 to 2012, compiling a career college football coaching record of 242–134–2.
In his 24 years at Appalachian State, Moore posted a losing season only once. He led his 2005 Mountaineers team to the NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship. This was the first national championship for any college football team in the state of North Carolina. Moore and the Mountaineers repeated as champions in 2006 and 2007, achieving the first "three-peat" in NCAA Division I FCS/I-AA history. Moore was forced out as head coach at the conclusion of the 2012 season.  He was selected for inclusion into the Southern Conference Hall of Fame, and College Football Hall of Fame in 2014.
Emil Theodor Kocher
Emil Theodor Kocher (25 August 1841 – 27 July 1917) was a Swiss physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. Among his many accomplishments are the introduction and promotion of aseptic surgery and scientific methods in surgery, specifically reducing the mortality of thyroidectomies below 1% in his operations.

Kocher was the first Swiss citizen and first surgeon to ever receive a Nobel Prize in Medicine. He was considered a pioneer and leader in the field of surgery in his time.

Kocher–Debre–Semelaigne syndrome
Kocher–Debré–Semelaigne syndrome (KDSS) is hypothyroidism in infancy or childhood characterised by lower extremity or generalized muscular hypertrophy (Herculean appearance), myxoedema, short stature, and cognitive impairment.

The syndrome is named after Emil Theodor Kocher, Robert Debré and Georges Semelaigne. Also known as Debré–Semelaigne syndrome or cretinism-muscular hypertrophy, hypothyroid myopathy, hypothyroidism-large muscle syndrome, hypothyreotic muscular hypertrophy in children, infantile myxoedema-muscular hypertrophy, myopathy-myxoedema syndrome, myxoedema-muscular hypertrophy syndrome, myxoedema-myotonic dystrophy syndrome.

The adult-onset form of this syndrome is Hoffmann syndrome. Some sources claim that two of the differentiating symptoms between KDSS and Hoffmann syndrome is that Hoffmann syndrome lacks painful spasms and pseudomyotonia; however, this claim is in conflict with other sources that list these symptoms as also being present in Hoffmann syndrome.
Robert L. DeWitt
Robert Lionne DeWitt (March 12, 1916 - November 21, 2003) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania, serving as diocesan from 1964 to 1973. He became known for fighting against the Vietnam War and racism, as well as working for social justice and the ordination of women as priests.

Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania
The Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania is a diocese of the Episcopal Church of the United States, encompassing the counties of Philadelphia, Montgomery, Bucks, Chester, and Delaware in the state of Pennsylvania. In March 2016, Daniel G. P. Gutierrez was elected Bishop Diocesan; he was consecrated and assumed office on July 16, 2016. Upon becoming bishop in 2016, Gutiérrez implemented a strategy of experimentation and adaptation.

The diocese reported 42,317 members in 2015 and 32,225 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the 133 filing congregations of the diocese in 2024 was $29,029,635. Average Sunday attendance (ASA) was 8,302 persons.
Sum rules (quantum field theory)
In quantum field theory, a sum rule is a relation between a static quantity and an integral over a dynamical quantity. Therefore, they have a form such as:

where  is the dynamical quantity, for example a structure function characterizing a particle, and  is the static quantity, for example the mass or the charge of that particle.

Quantum field theory sum rules should not be confused with sum rules in quantum chromodynamics or quantum mechanics.

QCD sum rules
In quantum chromodynamics, the confining and strong coupling nature of the theory means that conventional perturbative techniques often fail to apply. The QCD sum rules (or Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov sum rules) are a way of dealing with this. The idea is to work with gauge invariant operators and operator product expansions of them. The vacuum to vacuum correlation function for the product of two such operators can be reexpressed as

where we have inserted hadronic particle states on the right hand side.
Bad Hersfeld station
Bad Hersfeld station is a through station in Bad Hersfeld in the German state of Hesse on the Frankfurt–Göttingen railway. The first station was opened in 1866 and the current station building was completed in 1883. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station. It is a stop for Intercity-Express and Intercity services and is a public transport node for northern Hesse.

Since 2006, Cantus Verkehrsgesellschaft has operated regional services on the Fulda–Bad Hersfeld–Kassel route.

Frankfurt–Göttingen railway
The Frankfurt–Göttingen railway is a continuously double track and electrified main line in Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, Germany. The line was initially built from Bebra towards Fulda by the Kurhessen State Railway. After the Prussian annexation of the Electorate of Hesse  as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, it was completed to Frankfurt as the Frankfurt-Bebra Railway. The line was later extended from Bebra to Göttingen.

During the division of Germany, it became part of one of the most important German north-south axes in long-distance rail freight and rail passenger transport, the North–South railway. The route continues to be of great importance for traffic, but has been relieved in sections since 1991 by the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway. Further new lines are being planned as part of the Aus- und Neubaustrecke Hanau–Würzburg/Fulda–Erfurt ("Hanau-Würzburg/Fulda-Erfurt upgraded and new line") project.
Sporting District, Omaha
The Sporting District was an area near 16th and Harney Streets in Omaha, Nebraska, where city boss Tom Dennison kept the majority of his gambling, drinking and prostitution interests from the late 19th century until the end of his reign in 1933. "Cowboy" James Dahlman was reputedly voted to the first of eight terms as mayor of Omaha because he was more tolerant of the Dennison's "Sporting District" in the middle of the city.

The term sporting was a common 19th-century euphemism for gambling and/or prostitution. Many communities around the U.S. used this term; brothels were often referred to as sporting houses.

James Dahlman
James Charles Dahlman (December 15, 1856 – January 21, 1930), also known as Jim Dahlman, Cowboy Jim and Mayor Jim, was elected to eight terms as mayor of Omaha, Nebraska, serving the city for 20 years over a 23-year-period. A German-American and an agnostic, Dahlman grew up in a ranching area and started working as a Texas cowboy.  He was elected as a county sheriff and small town mayor in western Nebraska before moving to Omaha.

Called the "perpetual Mayor" in Omaha, Dahlman was seen by many as a cover man for the city's vice elements. Earning the reputation as the "wettest mayor in America", Dahlman saw the number of saloons in Omaha double during his first 10 years as mayor.  The term "Dahlmanism" was coined to describe his politics.
Fayetteville-Manlius Central School District
The Fayetteville-Manlius Central School District (F-M) is a K-12 public school district located in the Town of Manlius in Central New York, enrolling approximately 4,800 students. F-M serves a large portion of the Town of Manlius, including the villages of Manlius and Fayetteville, as well as portions of the towns of DeWitt and Pompey. The district is partially funded by and governed under the authority of the New York State Education Department, whose standardized examinations are designed and administered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York.

The district has been recognized statewide and nationally for academic and athletic excellence. In 2015, the Fayetteville–Manlius High School was ranked #79 in the nation in Newsweek's list of "America's Top High Schools". As of 2019, Fayetteville-Manlius Senior High School was ranked #86 within New York State.

Manlius, New York
Manlius is a town to the southeast of Syracuse in Onondaga County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 33,712, making it the third largest suburb in metropolitan Syracuse. In 2005, the town was ranked 98th on CNN's list of Best Places to Live.

The town of Manlius includes a village also named Manlius, along with the villages of Fayetteville and Minoa. It is located on the eastern border of Onondaga County.
I&M Bank Limited
I&M Bank Kenya Limited is a commercial bank in Kenya, the largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator. In April 2025, Kagirison Research reported that Asian crime syndicates used I&M Bank to facilitate movement of money out of Kenya.

I&M Bank Tanzania Limited
I&M Bank Tanzania Limited is a commercial bank in Tanzania headquartered in Dar es Salaam and a subsidiary of Kenyan based I&M Bank Group. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the central bank and national banking regulator.

As of December 2013, the bank was a mid-sized financial institution, providing banking services to individuals and businesses, with emphasis on serving medium to large corporate clients. At that time, the bank's total assets were valued at approximately TSh 296.6 billion (US$175.5 million), with shareholders' equity estimated at TSh 29.4 billion (US$17.4 million).
Euchologion
The Euchologion (Greek: Εὐχολόγιον; Slavonic: Трeбник, Trebnik; Romanian: Euhologiu/Molitfelnic) is one of the chief liturgical books of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches, containing the portions of the services which are said by the bishop, priest, or deacon. The Euchologion roughly corresponds to a combination of the missal, ritual, and pontifical as they are used in Latin liturgical rites. There are several different volumes of the book in use.

Christian burial
A Christian burial is the burial of a deceased person with specifically Christian rites; typically, in consecrated ground. Until recent times Christians generally objected to cremation and practiced inhumation almost exclusively. Today this opposition has largely vanished among Protestants and Catholics alike, and this is rapidly becoming more common, although Eastern Orthodox Churches still mostly forbid cremation.
Phonology
Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics) is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phonemes or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages, but now it may relate to any linguistic analysis either:

Sign languages have a phonological system equivalent to the system of sounds in spoken languages. The building blocks of signs are specifications for movement, location, and handshape. At first, a separate terminology was used for the study of sign phonology ("chereme" instead of "phoneme", etc.), but the concepts are now considered to apply universally to all human languages.

Optimality theory
Optimality theory (frequently abbreviated OT) is a linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. OT differs from other approaches to phonological analysis, which typically use rules rather than constraints. However, phonological models of representation, such as autosegmental phonology, prosodic phonology, and linear phonology (SPE), are equally compatible with rule-based and constraint-based models. OT views grammars as systems that provide mappings from inputs to outputs; typically, the inputs are conceived of as underlying representations, and the outputs as their surface realizations. It is an approach within the larger framework of generative grammar.

Optimality theory has its origin in a talk given by Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky in 1991 which was later developed in a book manuscript by the same authors in 1993.
Namur station (Montreal Metro)
Namur station (French pronunciation: [namyʁ] ⓘ) is a Montreal Metro station in the borough of Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) and serves the Orange Line. It is located in the Côte-des-Neiges area. This station has a total of 428 parking spaces in two nearby parking lots.

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (French: [kot de nɛːʒ nɔtʁə dam də ɡʁɑs], locally [koʊ̯t de naɪ̯ʒ nɔtʁ̥œ̈ dam dœ̈ ɡʁɑːs]) is a borough (arrondissement) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The borough was created following the 2002 municipal reorganization of Montreal. It comprises two main neighbourhoods, Côte-des-Neiges and Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, both former towns that were annexed by the city of Montreal in 1910.

Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce is the most populous borough of Montreal, with a population of 170,583  according to the 2021 Census. It is an ethnically diverse borough, and there is also a large student population due to the presence of two universities, Université de Montréal and the Loyola campus of Concordia University.
Dunn County, Wisconsin
Dunn County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,440. Its county seat is Menomonie. Dunn County comprises the Menomonie Micropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Eau Claire-Menomonie, WI Combined Statistical Area.

Eau Galle, Dunn County, Wisconsin
The Town of Eau Galle (/ˌoʊˈɡæli/) is located in Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 797 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Eau Galle and the ghost town of Welch Point are located in the town.
Tuzantla
Tuzantla is a municipality in the eastern part of the Mexican state of Michoacán. The municipality has an area of 1,018.49 square kilometres (1.73% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Jungapeo and Hidalgo, to the east by Juárez and Susupuato, to the south by Tiquicheo and the state of Guerrero, and to the west by Tiquicheo and Tzitzio. The municipality had a population of 15,302 inhabitants according to the 2005 census.  Its municipal seat is the city of the same name.

In Pre-Columbian times, the area was inhabited by Nahuas, but was conquered by the Purépecha Empire. Its name, Tuzantla, is a word of Nahuatl origin that means "Place where gophers are abundant". Its Purépecha name was either Cusaro or Ocumo (also spelled Hocumu or Ucumu), the latter meaning "Otomi".

Susupuato
Susupuato is a municipality in the Mexican state of Michoacán. The municipality has an area of 273.33 square kilometres (0.46% of the surface of the state) and is bordered to the north by the municipality of Juárez, to the east  and south by the state of México, and to the west by Tuzantla. The municipality had a population of 7,703 inhabitants according to the 2005 census.  Its municipal seat is the city of Susupuato de Guerrero.

In pre-Columbian days the region was home to Purépecha, Mazahua, Otomi and Nahua people.
Sai Kung East Country Park
Sai Kung East Country Park (Chinese: 西貢東郊野公園) is a country park on the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong, measuring 44.77 square kilometres (17.29 sq mi). It opened in 1978 and has features including:

High Island Reservoir

High Island

Pak Tam Au

Sheung Yiu

Wong Shek Pier

Beaches of Tai Long Wan: Sai Wan, Ham Tin Wan, Tai Wan and Tung Wan.

Sharp Peak

Po Pin Chau

Conic Island (飯甑洲, Fan Tsang Chau)

Long Ke Wan

Luk Wu

Long Harbour

Chek Keng

Conic Island
Conic Island or Fan Tsang Chau (Chinese: 飯甑洲) is a small uninhabited island in Sai Kung District, Hong Kong.

Its Chinese name derives from it being in the shape of "甑" (Wade–Giles: tseng; Jyutping: zang6; Cantonese Yale: jahng), a crockery used in ancient times in steaming rice.

There is a small lighthouse and a basic dock on the island.
Sylvia Li-chun Lin
Sylvia Li-chun Lin (Shanhua, Tainan, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese-born Chinese–English translator and a former associate professor of Chinese Literature at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Notre Dame. She has translated over a dozen novels with Howard Goldblatt.

Howard Goldblatt
Howard Goldblatt (Chinese: 葛浩文, born 1939) is an American literary translator of numerous works of contemporary Chinese (mainland China & Taiwan) fiction, including The Taste of Apples by Huang Chunming and The Execution of Mayor Yin by Chen Ruoxi. Goldblatt also translated works of Chinese novelist and 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature winner Mo Yan, including six of Mo Yan's novels and collections of stories. He was a research professor of Chinese at the University of Notre Dame from 2002 to 2011.
Antoinette military monoplane
The Antoinette military monoplane, also known as the Antoinette Monobloc or the Antoinette-Latham was an early 3-seat monoplane built in France in 1911 by the Antoinette company in the hope of attracting orders from the French military. It featured a futuristic and aerodynamic design with innovative elements that were ahead of its time, including unbraced cantilever wings, an enclosed fuselage and wheel fairings, and an engine with steam cooling and direct fuel injection. However, due to an under-powered engine, it was barely able to fly and failed to attract orders.

Antoinette (manufacturer)
Antoinette was a French manufacturer of light petrol engines. Antoinette also became a pioneer-era builder of aeroplanes before World War I, most notably the record-breaking monoplanes flown by Hubert Latham and René Labouchère. Based in Puteaux, the Antoinette concern was in operation between 1903 and 1912. The company operated a flying school at Chalons for which it built one of the earliest flight simulators.
Oblomov
Oblomov (Russian: Обломов, pronounced [ɐˈbloməf]) is the second novel by Russian writer Ivan Goncharov, first published in 1859. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the central character of the novel, portrayed as the ultimate incarnation of the superfluous man, a symbolic character in 19th-century Russian literature. Oblomov is a young, generous nobleman who seems incapable of making important decisions or undertaking any significant actions. Throughout the novel, he rarely leaves his room or bed. In the first 50 pages, he only manages to move from his bed to a chair.

The novel was popular when it came out, and some of its characters and devices have imprinted on Russian culture and language.

Nikolay Dobrolyubov
Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Добролю́бов, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ dəbrɐˈlʲubəf] ⓘ; 5 February [O.S. 24 January] 1836 – 29 November [O.S. 17 November] 1861) was a Russian poet, literary critic, journalist, and prominent figure of the Russian revolutionary movement. He was a literary hero to both Karl Marx and Lenin.
IC 1337
IC 1337 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Capricornus. The galaxy is located close to the celestial equator. It was discovered by Stéphane Javelle on July 22, 1892.

One supernova has been observed in IC 1337: SN 2019gwl (type II, mag. 19.15).

Capricornus
Capricornus is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for "horned goat" or "goat horn" or "having horns like a goat's", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea goat: a mythical creature that is half goat, half fish.

Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Claudius Ptolemy. Its traditional astrological symbol is  (♑︎). Under its modern boundaries it is bordered by Aquila, Sagittarius, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus, and Aquarius. The constellation is located in an area of sky called the Sea or the Water, consisting of many water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus. It is the smallest constellation in the zodiac.
Burnaby—Richmond
Burnaby—Richmond (also known as Burnaby—Richmond—Delta) was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1949 to 1979. This riding was created as "Burnaby—Richmond" in 1947 from parts of New Westminster and Vancouver North ridings.

The name of the electoral district was changed in 1970 to "Burnaby—Richmond—Delta". It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Burnaby and Richmond—South Delta ridings.

Burnaby (federal electoral district)
Burnaby was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada,  that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Burnaby—Richmond—Delta, Burnaby—Seymour and New Westminster ridings

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Burnaby—Kingsway and New Westminster—Burnaby ridings.
Loveman's (Chattanooga)
Loveman's was a Chattanooga, Tennessee-based chain of department stores with locations throughout East Tennessee and North Georgia. Relatives of the founder of the chain founded Loveman's of Alabama and Loveman's located in Nashville, Tennessee.

Loveman's of Alabama
Loveman's of Alabama was a Birmingham, Alabama-based chain of department stores with locations across Alabama. It adopted this name to distinguish it from Loveman's department stores operating in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in Nashville, Tennessee.
Bolton, New York
Bolton is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. It is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 2,117 at the 2000 census. Bolton is on the eastern border of the county.

Warren County, New York
Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,737. The county seat is Queensbury. The county was established in 1813 and is named in honor of General Joseph Warren, an American Revolutionary War hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The county is part of the Capital District region of the state.