hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Auckland Diamonds
Auckland Diamonds were a former New Zealand netball team based  in Waitakere City, Auckland Region. As a result, they were also known as Auckland Waitakere Diamonds. Between 1998 and 2007, Diamonds played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Diamonds finished as semi-finalists on four occasions – 1998, 1999, 2005 and 2007. Ahead of the 2008 season, Diamonds merged with Northern Force to form the new ANZ Championship team, Northern Mystics.

Otago Rebels
Otago Rebels are a former New Zealand netball team that were based in Dunedin. Between 1998 and 2007, Rebels played in the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup league. Rebels played in two grand finals. In 1998 they were the league's inaugural champions. In 1999 they were runners up. Ahead of the 2008 season, Rebels merged with Southern Sting to form the new ANZ Championship team, Southern Steel.
Consort Jia (Han dynasty)
Consort Jia (賈貴人, personal name unknown) was an imperial consort to the Han dynasty's Emperor Ming.

She joined Emperor Ming's harem while he was still crown prince, during the later part of the Jian'wu era of Emperor Guangwu's reign. She gave birth to Prince Liu Da (劉炟), later Emperor Zhang, in 57, while Emperor Ming was still crown prince.  At Emperor Ming's direction, his wife Empress Ma, Consort Jia's aunt—her mother's sister—adopted Prince Da as her own son.  The eventual Emperor Zhang was aware of Consort Jia's status as his birth mother but never treated her as mother.  Even after Empress Dowager Ma died in 79, Emperor Zhang only authorized her to use the style of an imperial prince, never as an empress dowager, and her brothers were not honored as his uncles.

Empress Ma (Han dynasty)
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown; late 30s – August 16, 79), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally, "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty from 8 April 60 until 75, then empress dowager from that year till her death. Her husband was Emperor Ming of Han.
Polyphony Digital
Polyphony Digital Inc. is an internal Japanese first-party video game development studio for PlayStation Studios. Originally a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment's Japan Studio known as Polys Entertainment, after the success of Gran Turismo in Japan, they were granted greater autonomy, reestablished as an individual company and renamed themselves Polyphony Digital. It currently has four studios: two studios in Japan, one studio in the Netherlands, and another one in the United States.

Japan Studio
Japan Studio was a Japanese video game developer of Sony Interactive Entertainment based in Tokyo. It was best known for the Ape Escape, LocoRoco, Patapon, Gravity Rush, and Knack series, Ico, Shadow of the Colossus and Astro's Playroom. In April 2021, Japan Studio was reorganized and merged with Team Asobi and other SIE studios.
Alex Randolph
Alexander Randolph (4 May 1922 – 27 April 2004) was an American designer of board games and writer. Alex Randolph's game creations include TwixT, Breakthru, Hol's der Geier, Inkognito (with Leo Colovini), Raj, Ricochet Robot, and Enchanted Forest (with Michael Matschoss).

Breakthru (board game)
Breakthru is an abstract strategy board game for two players, designed by Alex Randolph and commercially released by 3M in 1965, as part of the 3M bookshelf game series. It later became part of the Avalon Hill bookcase games. It is no longer in production. The game has been compared to Fox and Hounds,
although it shows more characteristics of the tafl games of the Middle Ages, such as hnefatafl.

As in hnefatafl, the game features unevenly matched teams with different objectives. The 3M game set includes a board marked with an  11 × 11  cell square grid, twenty silver-colored pieces, a gold-colored "flagship" and twelve gold-colored "escorts".  The game is played out as a naval battle, with strategy analogous to the siege game of hnefatafl.
Konstantin Kedrov
Konstantin Aleksandrovich Kedrov (Russian: Константин Александрович Кедров; 12 November 1942 – 16 April 2025) was a Russian poet, philosopher and literary critic. He was a member of the Union of Soviet Writers (1989). Candidate of philological sciences, Doctor of philosophy, Professor of the Institute for Literature. Сhief editor of «Journal of Poets» literary magazine. Literary critic and literary historian. Author of the term metametaphor (1984) and of the philosophical theory of metacode.

From 1991, he worked for several years as a literary columnist for the Izvestia newspaper. After a split in the editorial board of Izvestia, he and editor Igor Golembiovsky moved to the newspaper Novye Izvestia.

According to the mass media and bookmakers’ offices, in the years of 2003—2005, he was nominated for Nobel prize for literature. Winner of the Korean Manhae Prize (2013).
Kedrov died on 16 April 2025, at the age of 82.

Manhae Prize
The Manhae Prize is a series of awards in the following categories: Peace, Social Service, Academic Excellence, Art, Literature, and Buddhist Missionary Work awarded by The Society for the Promotion and Practice of Manhae's Thoughts in memory of Buddhist reformer and anti-Japanese independence activist Han Yong-un (1879–1944).
Lolti
Lolti is a village in the Tharali tehsil of Chamoli district in Uttarakhand, India. It is 10 km (6.2 mi) from Kulsari the famous camp station of Nanda Devi Raj Jat and 15 km (9.3 mi) from famous tourist spot Gwaldam. The area is surrounded by lush green forests and is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna. Commonly found trees include Baaj, Buransh (Rhododendron), Pine (locally known as Soi), and Poplar. The region also bears wild fruits such as Kafal and wild berries. Villagers actively engage in farming, cultivating grains and vegetables like wheat, rice, maize, ragi, potatoes, and pulses. The village has one government school, Rajkiya Vidyalaya Lolti, which provides intermediate-level education. The nearest higher education institution is Government Degree College Talwari, located about 5 km away in a picturesque setting along the foothills, nourished by the Pindari River and offering awe-inspiring views of the Trishul range of the Himalayas.

Kulsari
Kulsari (Hindi :kulsāír) a village on the bank of the Pindar river in Chamoli district, 25 km from Gwaldam. The temple of Kulsari is a State Protected Monument in Uttarakhand. Tharali is the Tehsil headquarters. Kulsari is surrounded by Tharali Tehsil to the East, Gairsain Tehsil to the west, Ghat Tehsil to the North and Dewal Tehsil to the East.  Kulsari is also a destination during the Nanda Devi Raj Jat pilgrimage.
Jaroslav Kačmarčík
Jaroslav Kačmarčík (born 3 March 1954) is an orienteering competitor who competed for Czechoslovakia. At the 1979 World Orienteering Championships in Tampere he won a bronze medal in the relay, together with Petr Uher, Zdeněk Lenhart and Jiří Ticháček.

At the 1981 World Orienteering Championships he placed 7th in the individual contest, and fourth in the relay with the Czechoslovak team.

In 1983 in Zalaegerszeg he placed 6th in the individual contest, and won a silver medal in the relay, together with Vlastimil Uchytil, Pavel Ditrych and Josef Pollák.

Kačmarčík is a Park World Tour council member from year 1996. 
Member of International Orienteering Federation - Global Development Commission

Pavel Ditrych
Pavel Ditrych is an orienteering competitor who competed for Czechoslovakia. At the 1983 World Orienteering Championships in Zalaegerszeg he won a silver medal in the relay, together with Vlastimil Uchytil, Josef Pollák and Jaroslav Kacmarcik.
Strong duality
Strong duality is a condition in mathematical optimization in which the primal optimal objective and the dual optimal objective are equal. By definition, strong duality holds if and only if the duality gap is equal to 0. This is opposed to weak duality (the primal problem has optimal value greater than or equal to the dual problem, in other words the duality gap is greater than or equal to zero).

Weak duality
In applied mathematics, weak duality is a concept in optimization which states that the duality gap is always greater than or equal to 0.  
This means that for any minimization problem, called the primal problem, the solution to the primal problem is always greater than or equal to the solution to the dual maximization problem.: 225  Alternatively, the solution to a primal maximization problem is always less than or equal to the solution to the dual minimization problem. So, in short: weak duality states that any solution feasible for the dual problem is a lower bound to the solution of the primal problem.

Weak duality is in contrast to strong duality, which states that the primal optimal objective and the dual optimal objective are equal. Strong duality only holds in certain cases.
Christine Tremarco
Christine Tremarco (born 1977) is an English actress. Her career began in 1992 when, at the age of 15, she starred in the miniseries The Leaving of Liverpool, for which she was nominated for an AACTA Award. Subsequent television work has included Waterloo Road (2007–2009), Casualty (2010–2013), Little Boy Blue (2017), Clink (2019), Wolfe (2021), and Emmerdale (2024). For her portrayal of Manda Miller in Adolescence (2025), Tremarco was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series. Her film credits include Priest (1994), Under the Skin (1997), Face (1997), Anita and Me (2002), and Hector (2015).

Anita and Me (film)
Anita and Me is a 2002 British comedy-drama film directed by Metin Hüseyin and starring Chandeep Uppal, Kabir Bedi, and Anna Brewster. It is based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Meera Syal. It was released during a period of popularity for British Asian films, alongside such as East Is East and Bend It Like Beckham.
Sorell Causeway
The Sorell Causeway is a causeway that carries the Tasman Highway across Pitt Water-Orielton Lagoon, from the western side of Midway Point to Sorell in the south-east of Tasmania, Australia. The causeway and adjacent McGees Bridge provide vital links between Hobart and two of Tasmania's principal tourist attractions - Port Arthur Historic Site on the Tasman Peninsula and the picturesque East Coast via the Tasman Highway.

McGees Bridge
McGees Bridge is a road bridge that carries the Tasman Highway across Pitt Water, near Sorell in the south-east of Tasmania, Australia. The bridge and adjacent Sorell Causeway provide vital links between Hobart and two of Tasmania's principal tourist attractions - Port Arthur on the Tasman Peninsula and the picturesque East Coast via the Tasman Highway.
Broadwoodwidger Rural District
50°38′42″N 4°22′48″W﻿ / ﻿50.645°N 4.380°W﻿ / 50.645; -4.380
Broadwoodwidger was a rural district in the administrative county of Devon from 1894 to 1966, northeast of Launceston.  The district consisted of part of the Launceston rural sanitary district in Devon. The remainder of the sanitary district became Launceston Rural District in Cornwall.

The rural district comprised six civil parishes:

Broadwoodwidger

Northcott

North Petherwin

St Giles on the Heath

Virginstow

Werrington

Part of the rural district lay west of the River Tamar, forming a salient surrounded by Cornwall on three sides. The county boundary was realigned when the district was abolished in 1966 by the Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967), with two parishes, North Petherwin and the majority of Werrington being transferred to Cornwall with the remaining four parishes remaining in Devon and passing to the Holsworthy Rural District.

Launceston Rural District
50°38′46″N 4°23′28″W﻿ / ﻿50.646°N 4.391°W﻿ / 50.646; -4.391
Launceston Rural District was a local government division of Cornwall between 1894 and 1974. Established under the Local Government Act 1894, the rural district was enlarged in 1966 by the abolition of Broadwoodwidger Rural District, in Devon, to include the civil parishes of North Petherwin and Werrington.

In 1974 the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972, forming part of the new North Cornwall district.
Intimate Strangers (2018 film)
Intimate Strangers is a 2018 South Korean comedy-drama film directed by Lee Jae-kyoo and written by Bae Se-young, based on the 2016 Italian film Perfect Strangers. It features an ensemble cast that includes Yoo Hae-jin, Cho Jin-woong, Lee Seo-jin, Yum Jung-ah, Kim Ji-soo, Song Ha-yoon and Yoon Kyung-ho. The film was released in South Korea on 31 October 2018.

It is a remake of the 2016 Paolo Genovese film Perfect Strangers (Italian: Perfetti sconosciuti), one of several remakes of this film.

Cho Jin-woong
Cho Jin-woong (Korean: 조진웅; born March 3, 1976), born Cho Won-jun (조원준), is a former South Korean actor. He gained early recognition for his supporting roles in the films Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time (2012), The Admiral: Roaring Currents (2014), and Assassination (2015).

Cho is known for starring in the high-profile films The Handmaiden (2016), The Sheriff in Town (2017), The Spy Gone North (2018), Believer (2018), Intimate Strangers (2018), and Black Money (2019), as well as the television series Deep Rooted Tree (2011) and Signal (2016). For his role as a mysterious villain in A Hard Day (2014), Cho won Best Actor at the 51st Baeksang Arts Awards.
Ramsey Unit
The W. F. Ramsey Unit (previously Ramsey I Unit) is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison farm located in unincorporated Brazoria County, Texas, with a Rosharon postal address; it is not inside the Rosharon census-designated place. The prison is located on Farm to Market Road 655, 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Farm to Market Road 521, and south of Houston. The 16,369-acre (6,624 ha) unit is co-located with the Stringfellow Unit and the Terrell Unit.

Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails, and private correctional facilities, funding and certain oversight of community supervision, and supervision of offenders released from prison on parole or mandatory supervision. The TDCJ operates the largest prison system in the United States.

The department has its headquarters in the Brad Livingston Administrative Headquarters in Huntsville and offices at the Price Daniel Sr. Building in downtown Austin.
Garfield Park (Chicago)
Garfield Park is a 184-acre (0.74 km2) urban park located in the East Garfield Park neighborhood on Chicago's West Side. It was designed as a pleasure ground by William LeBaron Jenney in the 1870s and is the oldest of the three original parks developed by the West Side parks commission on the Chicago park and boulevard plan (Humboldt Park, Garfield, and Douglass Park). It is home to the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest plant conservatories in the United States. It is also the park furthest west in the Chicago park and boulevard system.

William Le Baron Jenney
William Le Baron Jenney (September 25, 1832 – June 14, 1907) was an American architect and engineer known for building the first skyscraper in 1884.

In 1998, Jenney was ranked number 89 in the book 1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking the Men and Women Who Shaped the Millennium.
Ohio State Route 161
State Route 161 (SR 161) is an east–west state highway in central Ohio. Its western terminus is in Mutual at State Route 29 and its eastern terminus is near Alexandria at State Route 37. It is 57.46 miles (92.47 km) long. State Route 161 passes through the northern parts of Columbus, Ohio's state capital, and a variety of towns including Plain City, Dublin, and New Albany.

The route was established in 1924 to connect Plain City and Dublin. It was later expanded to cover Mutual and Granville. Parts of SR 161 in Dublin and New Albany were upgraded to a freeway in 1969 and 1997.

New Albany, Ohio
New Albany is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is located 15 miles (24 km) northeast of the state capital, Columbus. Most of the city is located in Franklin County and a small portion extends into adjacent Licking County. New Albany had a population of 10,825 at the 2020 census.

Founded in 1837, it was a small town in the Columbus metropolitan area, until businessman Les Wexner invested significantly in the town during the 1990s, which led to rapid population and business growth in the succeeding decades.
Roeser
Roeser (Luxembourgish: Réiser [ˈʀɜɪ̯zɐ] ⓘ) is a commune and small town in southern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. As of 2025 the commune had a population of 6,657.

As of 2025, the town of Roeser, which lies in the north of the commune, has a population of 1,308.  Other towns within the commune include Berchem, Bivange, Crauthem, Kockelscheuer, Livange, and Peppange.

Bivange
Bivange (French pronunciation: [bivɑ̃ʒ]; Luxembourgish: Béiweng, German: Bivingen [ˈbiːvɪŋən]) is a small town in the commune of Roeser, in southern Luxembourg. It is known for being the birthplace of Luxembourgish American photographer Edward Steichen.  As of 2025, the town has a population of 1,186.
Mark Casson
Mark Casson FBA is a British economist and academic, and professor of economics at the University of Reading in England. He previously served as Head of the Department of Economics from 1987 to 1994 and is currently the Director of the Centre for Institutions and Economic History. He is also a researcher in Mentoring and Development at the same institution.

Together with Peter Buckley, Casson developed the internalization theory of the multinational enterprise, which is widely used to analyze the internationalization of firms. He also contributed to the modern economic theory of entrepreneurship by synthesizing the ideas of Joseph Schumpeter, Friedrich Hayek, and Frank Knight. According to this theory, successful entrepreneurs exhibit good judgment in making risky innovations and are rewarded through either profits or salaries, depending on whether they are owners or managers of their firms.

Peter Buckley (academic)
Peter Jennings Buckley OBE, FBA, FAcSS (born 11 July 1949) is Professor of International Business at the University of Leeds and director of the Centre for International Business at the University of Leeds (CIBUL).

Buckley was educated at Ashton-under-Lyne Grammar School and graduated from the University of York with a BA in social sciences (economics) in 1970. He also has an MA in development economics from the University of East Anglia and a PhD in economics from the University of Lancaster. In 2010 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Faculty of Economics at Uppsala University, Sweden.

Buckley's interest lies in the theory of multi-national enterprise and international business. In 1976, he and Mark Casson wrote the internalization theory of the multinational enterprise.
Carl Bergsten
Carl Gustaf Bergsten (10 May 1879 in Norrköping - 22 April 1935 in Stockholm) was a Swedish architect.  He graduated in 1901 from the KTH Royal Institute of Technology and  three years later from the  Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm. A scholarship took him to Germany and to Vienna.  He  apprenticed  with architects Isak Gustaf Clason and  Erik Lallerstedt.
Bergsten ran his own architectural firm from 1904-35.
He was influenced by the National Romantic style and Functionalism. He designed a number of exhibition spaces including Liljevalchs konsthall. For the Norrköping Exhibition of Art and Industry in 1906,   Bergsten designed the exhibition's two main buildings the   Industrial Hall  (Industrihallen) and  the Art Exhibition Hall (Konsthallen) as well as  the Hunting Pavilion (Jaktpaviljongen).

Norrköping Exhibition of Art and Industry
Norrköping Exhibition of Art and Industry (Swedish: Konst- och industriutställningen i Norrköping) was an exhibition in Norrköping, Sweden in 1906.

At the initiative of the local industrial association Norrköpings Fabriksförening och Handtverksförening it was decided an art and industrial exhibition should be held in Norrköping between June 1 – September 15, 1906. The exhibition was opened by the Crown Prince Gustaf and was mostly held at the area south of the Sylten neighbourhood.  The architect Carl Bergsten designed the exhibition's two main buildings the Industrihallen (industrial hall) that was 7,500 m2 (81,000 sq ft) with places for 630 exhibitors, and the Konsthallen (art exhibition hall). He also designed the Jaktpaviljongen (hunting pavilion). Werner Northun designed the Maskinhallen (engines hall) at a total of 3,600 m2 (39,000 sq ft), as well as the main restaurant seating 400 people and the Thaliatemplet theatre (500 folding chairs).
Trisha Donnelly
Trisha Donnelly (born April 22, 1974) is an American contemporary artist who is particularly well known as a conceptual artist. Donnelly works with various media including photography, drawing, audio, video, sculpture and performance. Donnelly is also a Clinical Associate Professor of Studio Art at New York University. She currently lives and works in San Francisco, California. Trisha Donnelly is represented by Galerie Buchholz, Matthew Marks Gallery, and Galerie Eva Presenhuber.

Galerie Eva Presenhuber
47°24′38″N 9°18′12″E﻿ / ﻿47.4106515°N 9.3034687°E﻿ / 47.4106515; 9.3034687

Galerie Eva Presenhuber is a contemporary art gallery, owned by Eva Presenhuber, with locations in Zurich, Switzerland (since 2003) and Vienna (since 2022).
Rheinsberg (story)
Rheinsberg: Ein Bilderbuch für Verliebte (Rheinsberg: A picture book for lovers) is a story (Erzählung) by Kurt Tucholsky, with illustrations by Kurt Szafranski. Written in 1912, it was the journalist's first literary work. The plot is a weekend trip of a young unmarried pair of lovers from Berlin to Schloss Rheinsberg. The work, written in a light ironic style, was immediately successful. It was adapted to a film, an audio play, and audio books. It was translated in 2015 as Rheinsberg: A Storybook for Lovers.

Kurt Szafranski
Kurt Szafranski, in exile Safranski, (17 October 1890 – 1 March 1964) was a German-American draftsman, journalist and managing director. In Germany, he illustrated Kurt Tucholsky's Rheinsberg in 1912, and was managing director of the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung (BIZ). In exile in the U.S., he was a co-founder of the Black Star, a leading photo agency.
Walt Flanagan
Walter Flanagan is a former comic book store manager, reality television personality, podcaster, and comic book artist. Flanagan is a long-time friend of Kevin Smith, and (according to Smith's book Silent Bob Speaks) it was Flanagan who turned Smith on to comic books. He formerly  managed Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash in Red Bank, New Jersey.

Flanagan was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, grew up in nearby Highlands and attended Henry Hudson Regional High School with Smith.

Flanagan is the co-host of the Tell 'Em Steve-Dave! podcast with longtime friends Bryan Johnson and Brian Quinn. Flanagan was also the lead star in AMC's Comic Book Men, which premiered in February 2012 and was cancelled in 2018.

Comic Book Men
Comic Book Men is an American reality television series which aired on the AMC network from 2012 to 2018. It is set at Kevin Smith's comic book shop, Jay and Silent Bob's Secret Stash, in Red Bank, New Jersey.