hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Smith (curator)
Arthur Hamilton Smith, FBA (1860–1941) was a British Museum curator and archaeologist.

His brothers were civil servant Henry Babington Smith and MP James Parker Smith. All three attended Trinity College, Cambridge and were members of the Cambridge Apostles.

He attended the Second International Congress of Archaeologists held in Cairo on 7-14 April 1909. He conveyed the greetings of the world's universities to the Congress. Alongside Louis Duchesne he presided over Section IV: Religious Archaeology

Smith was Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum from 1909 to 1925. In addition, he served as president of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies from 1924 to 1929 and director of the British School at Rome from 1928 to 1930 and in 1932.

James Parker Smith
James Parker Smith of Jordanhill, PC, JP, DL, FRSE (30 August 1854 – 30 April 1929) was a Scottish barrister and politician who served as Liberal Unionist MP for Partick. He was first elected at a by-election in 1890 but lost the seat in 1906. He was a Cambridge Apostle.

He had previously contested Greenock and Paisley.
Gaspare Mutolo
Gaspare Mutolo (Palermo, February 5, 1940) is a Sicilian mafioso, also known as "Asparino". In 1992 he became a pentito (state witness against the Mafia). He was the first mafioso who spoke about the connections between Cosa Nostra and Italian politicians. Mutolo's declarations contributed to the indictment of Italy's former Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti and to an understanding of the context of the 1992 Mafia murders of the politician Salvo Lima and the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino.

Rosario Riccobono
Rosario Riccobono (10 February 1929 in Palermo – 30 November 1982 in Palermo) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the boss of Partanna Mondello, a suburb of Palermo, his native city.

In 1974 he became a member of the Sicilian Mafia Commission, representing the Partanna mandamento. During the 1970s Riccobono was one of the most influential members of the Commission, and the Cosa Nostra's king of drug trafficking.
Arturo Noci
Arturo Noci (1874–1953) was an Italian painter active in a Divisionist style.

He was born in Rome and died in New York, where he lived from 1923 to 1953. He studied at the Institute of Fine Arts of Rome with Filippo Prosperi, and began his career painting landscapes in the style of Sartorio and Coleman.

When in New York, he became a favorite of high society and painted several portraits.

Divisionism
Divisionism, also called chromoluminarism, is the characteristic style in Neo-Impressionist painting defined by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches that interact optically.

By requiring the viewer to combine the colors optically instead of physically mixing pigments, Divisionists believed that they were achieving the maximum luminosity scientifically possible. Georges Seurat founded the style around 1884 as chromoluminarism, drawing from his understanding of the scientific theories of Michel Eugène Chevreul, Ogden Rood and Charles Blanc, among others. Divisionism developed along with another style, Pointillism, which is defined specifically by the use of dots of paint and does not necessarily focus on the separation of colors.
5th Guards Army
The 5th Guards Army was a Soviet Guards formation which fought in many critical actions during World War II under the command of General Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov. The 5th Guards Army was formed in spring 1943 from the 66th Army in recognition of that army's actions during the Battle of Stalingrad. The 5th Guards Army fought in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation, Battle of the Dnieper, Uman–Botoșani Offensive, Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive, Vistula–Oder Offensive, Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. During the Berlin Offensive elements of the army linked up with American troops at Torgau on the Elbe. Postwar, the army was disbanded as part of the Central Group of Forces.

66th Army (Soviet Union)
The 66th Army (Russian: 66-я армия) was a field army of the Red Army. It was established in  August 1942 from the 8th Reserve Army. The 66th Army fought to break through to the Volga to the north of Stalingrad during September and October 1942. During Operation Uranus, the Soviet encirclement of German troops in Stalingrad, 66th Army troops linked up with those of the 62nd Army, forming the inner encirclement. Until February the army fought to destroy the pocket and then was held in reserve. In May 1943 it became the 5th Guards Army for its actions during the Battle of Stalingrad.
Cordwainer (ward)
Cordwainer is a small, almost rectangular-shaped ward in the City of London, England. It is named after the cordwainers, the professional shoemakers who historically lived and worked in this particular area of London; there is a Livery Company for the trade, the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers. The ward is sometimes referred to as the "Cordwainers' ward".

It is bounded to the north by Poultry and Cheapside (the boundary with Cheap ward); to the west by the eponymous Bread Street and the ward of the same name; to the south by Cannon Street (and Vintry and Dowgate wards); and to the east by Walbrook ward and a street of the same name.

Streets within Cordwainer's boundaries are, amongst others, Bow Lane, Pancras Lane and part of Watling Street. Queen Street runs north–south through the centre of the ward.

Bread Street
Bread Street is one of the 25 wards of the City of London, the name deriving from its principal street, which was anciently the city's bread market; already named Bredstrate (to at least 1180) for by the records it appears as that in 1302, Edward I announced that "the bakers of Bromley and Stratford-le-Bow [London], and ones already living on the street, were forbidden from selling bread from their own homes or bakeries, and could only do so from Bread Street." The street itself is just under 500 ft (153 m) in length and now forms the eastern boundary of the ward after the 2003 boundary changes.

The modern ward extends much further west from Bread Street itself and includes Paternoster Square, a modern development to the north of St Paul's Cathedral and home of the London Stock Exchange since 2004. The city's major shopping centre which opened in 2010 is at One New Change within Bread Street Ward.
Port Alberni
Port Alberni (/ælˈbɜːrni/) is a city located on Vancouver Island in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The city lies within the Alberni Valley at the head of the Alberni Inlet, Vancouver Island's longest inlet. Port Alberni currently has a total population of 18,259.

It is the location of the head offices of the Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District. Port Alberni is served by the coast-spanning Island Highway system, and a local airport. The principal industry is forestry products.

Ucluelet
Ucluelet (/juːˈkluːlɪt/ ⓘ; colloquially known as Ukee) is a district municipality on the Ucluelet Peninsula, on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Ucluelet comes from Yuułuʔił which means "people of the safe harbour" in the indigenous Nuu-chah-nulth language and is the homeland of the Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ. As of 2021, its population was 2,066, a 20.3% increase from 1,717 in 2016.
Shalimar (perfume)
Shalimar is a perfume originally created by Jacques Guerlain in 1921 for French perfume and cosmetics house Guerlain. In production continuously since 1925, Shalimar is currently a flagship product for Guerlain.

Ethylvanillin
Ethylvanillin is the organic compound with the formula (C2H5O)(HO)C6H3CHO. This colorless solid consists of a benzene ring with hydroxyl, ethoxy, and formyl groups on the 4, 3, and 1 positions, respectively. It is a homologue of vanillin, differing on the 3 position.
Burneside
Burneside (/ˈbɜːrnisaɪd/) is a small village in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. It is located to the north of Kendal and to the south east of Staveley, on the River Kent, just upstream from the confluence of the River Sprint.  It has about 3,000 inhabitants. By the time of the 2011, Census Burneside had been transformed into an electoral ward only. The population of this ward was 1,888. The village is split between the civil parishes of Strickland Ketel, to the west of the River Kent, and Strickland Roger to the east.

Burneside railway station is situated on the Windermere Branch Line, with services to Windermere to the north west, Oxenholme on the West Coast Main Line, and Lancaster to the south. Burneside is around 10 miles (16 km) from the M6 motorway.

Strickland Roger
Strickland Roger is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 544, decreasing at the 2011 census to 480. It lies north of Burneside and west of the A6 road, and is bordered by the parishes of Strickland Ketel to the south west, Nether Staveley and Kentmere to the west, Whitwell and Selside to the north, and Skelsmergh to the east. From 1974 to 2023 it was in South Lakeland district.

There are 16 listed buildings or structures in the parish, all at grade II.
Tahltan language
Tahltan, Tāłtān, also called Tałtan ẕāke ("Tahltan people language"), dah dẕāhge ("our language") or didene keh ("this people's way") is a poorly documented and endangered Northern Athabaskan language spoken by 235 of the Tahltan people (also "Nahanni") who live in northern British Columbia around Telegraph Creek, Dease Lake, and Iskut. Tahltan is a critically endangered language. Several linguists classify Tahltan as a dialect of the same language as Tagish and Kaska (Krauss and Golla 1981, Mithun 1999).

Tahltan
The Tahltan or Nahani are a First Nations people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group who live in northern British Columbia around Telegraph Creek, Dease Lake, and Iskut. The Tahltan constitute the fourth division of the Nahane (People of the West).
Wortendyke station
Wortendyke is a former commuter railroad train station in the borough of Midland Park, Bergen County, New Jersey. The station serviced passenger and freight trains of the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway between Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City and Butler station until December 12, 1958, when the former changed its destination to Susquehanna Transfer in North Bergen. The next station eastbound was the namesake Midland Park station and westbound was Wyckoff. Wortendyke station consisted of a single low-level side platform with the 50 by 16 feet (15.2 m × 4.9 m) wooden frame station depot.

New Jersey Midland Railway
The New Jersey Midland Railway, also known simply as "the Midland,” was the main predecessor to the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYS&W), operating in the 19th century in Northern New Jersey and Orange County, New York.
Vang Municipality
Vang is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vang i Valdres. Other villages in Vang include Hensgardane, Nystuen, Øye, Ryfoss, and Tyinkrysset.

The 1,504.84-square-kilometre (581.02 sq mi) municipality is the 55th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vang Municipality is the 299th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,648. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Øye, Innlandet
Øye is a village in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located at the west end of the lake Vangsmjøse, about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the municipal centre of Vang i Valdres and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast of the rural village of Tyinkrysset. The European route E16 highway runs through the village, heading west through the Filefjell mountains on the way to the west coast of Norway. The historic Øye Stave Church and the newer Øye Church are both located in the village.
Moore Islands
The Moore Islands, also known as the Moore Group, are a group of small islands in the North Coast region of British Columbia, Canada.  They are located in Hecate Strait to the west of Aristazabal Island.

Gander Island Indian Reserve No. 14 of the Hartley Bay Indian Band is located on the island of the same name within the group, (300.0 acres) at 52°40′00″N 129°25′00″W﻿ / ﻿52.66667°N 129.41667°W﻿ / 52.66667; -129.41667﻿ (Gander Island IR No. 14).

Gitga'at First Nation
The Gitga'at First Nation is a Canadian First Nation, also known as the Hartley Bay First Nation. The members of the Gitga'at First Nation are often referred to as the Gitka'a'ata. The population of Gitka'a'ata peoples living in Hartley Bay is around 140 as of November 2024. There are also about 400–500 Gitk’a’ata peoples living in Prince Rupert, British Columbia. The Gitk’a’ata people have lived in Hartley Bay for hundreds of years, possibly longer. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were requirements for visiting Hartley Bay, such as vaccination status and British Columbian passport.
Amrapur Aravali Express
The 14701 / 14702 Amrapur Aravali Express is a express train belonging to Indian Railways-North Western Railway zone that runs between Shri Ganganagar Junction and Bandra Terminus in India. It operates as train number 14701 from  Shri Ganganagar to Bandra Terminus in down direction and as train number 14702 in the up direction. It is named after Amarapur Durbar, a famous temple in Jaipur and the Aravalli Range of mountains that stretches across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana & Delhi.

Sri Ganganagar Junction railway station
Sri Ganganagar railway station is a main railway station in Sri Ganganagar District, Rajasthan. Its code is SGNR. It serves Sri Ganganagar city. The station consists of three platforms, neither of which is well sheltered Lots Of facilities including water and sanitation.
Fresvikbreen
Fresvikbreen is a glacier on the south side of the Sognefjord in Vik Municipality in Vestland, county, Norway. It lies between the Seljedal valley in the west, and the Storedal valley in the east. It is located about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of the village of Fresvik and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southeast of the municipal center of Vikøyri.

The glacier has an area of 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi) and its highest point is 1,648 metres (5,407 ft) above sea level. Fresvikbreen is the 23rd largest glacier on the Norwegian mainland.

Vik, Sogn
Vik is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located on the southern shore of the Sognefjorden in the traditional district of Sogn. The administrative center of Vik Municipality is the village of Vikøyri. Other villages in the municipality include Feios, Fresvik, Arnafjord, and Vangsnes.

The 833.21-square-kilometre (321.70 sq mi) municipality is the 137th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vik Municipality is the 250th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,550. The municipality's population density is 3.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Arohana
Arohana, arohanam, aroh or aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga. The pitch increases as we go up from Shadja (Sa) to the Taar Shadja (Sa), possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

It contrasts with an avarohana, avarohanam or avaroha the descending scale of any raga. The notes descend in pitch from the upper tonic (taar shadja or Sa) down to the lower tonic, possibly in a crooked (vakra) manner.

Janya
Janya is a term meaning "derive". In Carnatic (South Indian) music a janya raga is one derived from one of the 72 melakarta ragas (fundamental melodic structures). Janya ragas are classified into various types based on a variety of features.
Petar Gudev
Petar Todorov Gudev (Bulgarian: Петър Тодоров Гудев) (13 July 1863, Gradets – 8 May 1932, Sofia) was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician, who served as Prime Minister.

Gudev was appointed prime minister following the assassination of his predecessor Dimitar Petkov (with Dimitar Stanchov serving a few days as interim). His reign proved fairly brief, running from 16 March 1907 until 28 January 1908, and during this time he became notorious for corruption, plundering public funds for his own use.

Dimitar Stanchov
Dimitar Yanev Stanchov, sometimes transliterated as Dimitri Stancioff (Bulgarian: Димитър Янев Станчов) (21 May 1863, in Svishtov – 23 March 1940, in Sofia), was a Bulgarian diplomat and politician who briefly served as Prime Minister.
Pandanus elatus
Pandanus elatus is a dioecious tropical plant in the screwpine genus.  It is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean.  Its specific epithet comes from the Latin elatus (tall), in reference to its growth habit.

Pandanus
Pandanus is a genus of monocots with about 578 accepted species. They are palm-like, dioecious trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics and subtropics. Common names include pandan, screw palm and screw pine. The genus is classified in the order Pandanales, family Pandanaceae, and is the largest in the family.
Karolina Lanckorońska
Countess Karolina Maria Adelajda Franciszka Ksawera Małgorzata Edina Lanckorońska (Polish pronunciation: [ka.rɔˈlʲi.na lant͡skɔˈrɔɲska] 11 August 1898 — 25 August 2002) was a Polish noble, World War II resistance fighter, philanthropist, and historian.

Lanckorońska bequeathed her family's enormous art collection to Poland only after her homeland became free from communism and Soviet domination during the Revolutions of 1989. The Lanckoronski Collection may now, for the most part, be seen in Warsaw's Royal Castle and Kraków's Wawel Castle.

Michelangelo in Ravensbrück
Michelangelo in Ravensbrück: One Woman's War against the Nazis is a memoir by Karolina Lanckorońska, a World War II resistance fighter and postwar historian who survived the Ravensbrück concentration camp for women and after liberation went on to record the history of this lesser known side of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Initially, Lanckorońska did not want her war memoir published in her lifetime. However, after much persuasion she consented to publication in Poland, by ZNAK Publishing of Kraków in 2001, a year before her death. The book, whose British version is titled Those Who Trespass against Us: One Woman's War against the Nazis, sold over 50,000 copies in the Polish original and is now selling well in English. The U.S. edition was published in hardback in Spring 2007 by Da Capo Press (Perseus Publishing Group) under the new title, Michelangelo in Ravensbrück.
F. G. Natesa Iyer
F. G. Natesa Iyer (11 November 1880 – 23 January 1963) was an Indian activist in the Indian National Congress  during the Indian independence movement. He was also one of the pioneers of modern Tamil drama and Tamil cinema. He was a talent scout who recognized merit and promoted many youngsters, who went on to become great performers in Carnatic music.

K. B. Sundarambal
Kodumudi Balambal Sundarambal (11 October 1908 – 19 September 1980) was an Indian actress and singer from Erode district, Tamil Nadu. She performed in Tamil cinema and was referred to as the "Queen of the Indian stage." A political activist during the Indian independence movement, K.B. Sundarambal was the first film personality to enter a state legislature in India.
Aerial tramway
An aerial tramway, aerial tram, sky tram, cable car or aerial cablecar, aerial cableway or ropeway is a type of aerial lift that uses one or two stationary cables for support, with a third moving cable providing propulsion. With this form of lift, the grip of an aerial tramway cabin is fixed onto the propulsion cable and cannot be decoupled from it during operation. Aerial tramways usually provide lower line capacities and longer wait times than gondola lifts.

Norsjö ropeway
Norsjö aerial tramway is a 13.2 kilometre long aerial tramway (cable car) between Örträsk and Mensträsk in the Norsjö Municipality in Sweden.

Norsjö aerial tramway went in service for passenger traffic in 1989 as a tourist attraction. It is a section of the longest ropeway conveyor in the world at 96 km, built in the 1940s by the predecessors of Boliden AB to transport buckets of ore from Kristineberg, Lycksele to Boliden. Between 1943 and 1987 this ropeway moved 12 million tons of ore concentrates containing copper, lead, zinc, sulfur, silver and gold.

In technical terms, the Norsjö aerial tramway is a bi-cable gondola lift with detachable cabins suspended from a track rope and moved by a haul rope. The cabins can each carry four people at a speed of 10 km/hour, taking 1 hour and 45 minutes to ride one way. 3 km of the ride is above lakes and streams.
Anamur
Anamur is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,430 km2, and its population is 66,851 (2022). It is the westernmost district of that province, bordering on Antalya Province. Anamur contains Anatolia's southernmost point, It is a coastal resort known for its bananas and peanuts.

Karamanids
The Karamanids (Turkish: Karamanoğulları or Karamanoğulları Beyliği), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman (Turkish: Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was a Turkish Anatolian beylik (principality) of Salur tribe origin, descended from Oghuz Turks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Province. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful beyliks in Anatolia.
John Graham of Duchray
John Graham of Duchray (Highland Hector, Tetrarch of Aberfoyle) (Scottish Gaelic: Iain Greumach an Dubhchra), Scottish landowner and soldier, was born in Scotland around 1600 and died around 1700.  He married Marion Graham of Rednock, and had a son, Thomas Graham of Duchray (younger). Marion Graham, of Rednock, was the daughter of John Graham of Rednock, and was likely the brother of James Graham of Rednock. John Graham of Duchray was likely descended from the Inchbrakie Grahams.

William Graham, 8th Earl of Menteith
William Graham, 8th Earl of Menteith, 2nd Earl of Airth (c. 1634 – 1694), was a Scottish nobleman. He was active in the suppression of the Covenanters, but struggled with the burden of debts on his estates. On his death in 1694 his titles became extinct.
Nishnawbe Aski Nation
Nishnawbe Aski Nation (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᑲᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᓐ (Anishinaabe-aski Ishkoniganan Ogimaawin), unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓇᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᐊᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᓐ; NAN for short) is a political organization representing 51 First Nation communities across Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 areas of Northern Ontario, Canada. Re-organized to its present form in 1981, NAN's original objective was "to represent the social and economic aspirations of our people at all levels of government in Canada and Ontario until such time as real effective action is taken to remedy our problems."

Its member-First Nations are Ojibwa, Oji-Cree and Cree, and thus the languages within NAN include Ojibwemowin, Oji-cree and Cree. NAN's administrative offices are located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The current Grand Chief is Alvin Fiddler.

Mushkegowuk Council
Mushkegowuk Council (pointed: ᐅᒪᐡᑫᑯ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᐎᐣ (omashkeko okimāwiwin); unpointed: ᐅᒪᐡᑫᑯ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᐎᐣ), or officially as the Mushkegowuk Tribal Council, is a non-profit regional chiefs' council representing Cree First Nations in northern Ontario, Canada.  The council, located in Moose Factory, Ontario  provides advisory services and program delivery to its eight member nations.