hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic torus
In mathematics, an algebraic torus, where a one dimensional torus is typically denoted by , , or , is a type of commutative affine algebraic group commonly found in projective algebraic geometry and toric geometry. Higher dimensional algebraic tori can be modelled as a product of algebraic groups . These groups were named by analogy with the theory of tori in Lie group theory (see Cartan subgroup). For example, over the complex numbers  the algebraic torus  is isomorphic to the group scheme , which is the scheme theoretic analogue of the Lie group . In fact, any -action on a complex vector space can be pulled back to a -action from the inclusion  as real manifolds.

Tori are of fundamental importance in the theory of algebraic groups and Lie groups and in the study of the geometric objects associated to them such as symmetric spaces and buildings.

Cartan subgroup
In the theory of algebraic groups, a Cartan subgroup of a connected linear algebraic group  over a (not necessarily algebraically closed) field  is the centralizer of a maximal torus. Cartan subgroups are smooth (equivalently reduced), connected and nilpotent. If  is algebraically closed, they are all conjugate to each other.

Notice that in the context of algebraic groups a torus is an algebraic group 
such that the base extension  (where  is the algebraic closure of ) is isomorphic to the product of a finite number of copies of the . Maximal such subgroups have in the theory of algebraic groups a role that is similar to that of maximal tori in the theory of Lie groups.

If  is reductive (in particular, if it is semi-simple), then a torus is maximal if and only if it is its own centraliser  and thus Cartan subgroups of  are precisely the maximal tori.
Pittston Township, Pennsylvania
Pittston Township is a township in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. The population was 3,179 as of the 2020 census. The township is located within the Greater Pittston region. As of 2010, the total population of Greater Pittston was 48,020. The Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport is located in Pittston Township.

Pennsylvania Route 502
Pennsylvania Route 502 (PA 502) is a 13.8-mile-long (22.2 km) state highway located in Lackawanna and Luzerne counties in Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at U.S. Route 11 (US 11) in Moosic. The eastern terminus is at PA 435 in Covington Township. The route is a two-lane undivided road that runs through rural areas to the south of Scranton. From US 11, PA 502 comes to a northbound ramp to Interstate 81 (I-81) before winding through forested areas. Farther east, the route intersects the western terminus of PA 690 and crosses PA 307 before continuing to its eastern terminus at PA 435 in Daleville. PA 502 was designated in 1928 between US 11 in Moosic and US 611 (now PA 435) in Daleville along an unpaved road. The route was paved in the 1930s.
Z-G
Z-G (short for Zero Gravity) was the first collectible action figure game, created by Mark Rein-Hagen and released in July 2001 as the first product of his solo company, Atomoton. It uses posable 4.5" action figures with 14 points of articulation and each figure comes with 8 interchangeable accessories in the form of weapons/armour.

Collectable action figure game
A collectible action figure game is a collectible tabletop game in which the primary component is some sort of action figure. The first collectible action figure game was Mark Rein-Hagen's Z-G. Subsequent collectible action figure games have included WizKids' Shadowrun Duels, Toy Biz's Marvel Legends Showdown, and Hasbro's XEVOZ and Attacktix games.
Label 73
Label 73 was a subsidiary of TIME, specializing in dance and house music and was founded by Giacomo Maiolini in mid-2004.

After being inaugurated, the Italian label held the single "Sorry Marin": first release of Label 73, but the last song solo-Magic Box

Rossano Prini left the label Spy Records to work with A&R in Label 73, after a proposal made by Maiolini.

Magic Box, DJ Ross and Double You was the artists who participated in Label 73.

Among eight entries of Label 73: six were on LP and CD in just two, and distribute music from foreign artists such as Beats And Styles and EliZe.

In 2006, the song "Beat Goes On", DJ Ross & Double You, was the last release of Label 73, to the record company had closed its doors the same year.

Spy Records (Italy)
Spy Records was Italian record label, specializing in Italo dance and Eurodance, and owned by TIME Group. It was founded by Giacomo Maiolini in 1999. Spy label rose as department of Time Records, after the death of Italian Style Production.
McWhorter School of Pharmacy
The McWhorter School of Pharmacy is the pharmacy school of Samford University. It was established in 1927, closed in 1929 and reopened in 1932. The school offers a four-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D) degree, and is nationally accredited by the ACPE.

Samford University
Samford University is a private Christian university in Homewood, Alabama, United States. Homewood is an inner-suburb of Birmingham. Samford was founded by Baptists in 1841 as Howard College and located until 1887 in Marion, Alabama. It is governed by an independent board of trustees, which requires board members to be Baptists.

In fall 2025, the university enrolled 6,324 students from 44 states, 1 U.S. territory, and 16 other countries, marking the 17th consecutive record-setting year for enrollment.
Kvås
Kvås is a village in Lyngdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Lyngdalen valley, along the river Lygna, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) northeast of the municipal centre of Alleen and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the village of Konsmo. The Kvås Church lies at the center of the village. Kvås was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Kvås from 1909 until its dissolution in 1963.

Lyngdalen
Lyngdalen is a valley in Agder county, Norway.  The 60-kilometre (37 mi) long valley runs north–south through the municipalities of Hægebostad and Lyngdal.  The valley follows the river Lygna from the mountain plateaus in northern Hægebostad to the Lyngdalsfjorden, just south of the town of Lyngdal.  The villages of Kvås, Snartemo, and Tingvatn are all located in the valley.  The long, narrow lake Lygne is also located in the valley.
1st Irish Parliament of King Charles I
The Parliament 1634–1635 was the first of the two Irish parliaments of Charles I. The main purpose was to raise money by taxation and to ratify the Graces, a bundle of concessions to Irish Catholic landowners. Six years of taxes were voted, but few of the graces were ratified.

The Graces (Ireland)
The Graces were a series of reforms sought by Catholics in Ireland in 1628–1634. Since the introduction of the Reformation in Ireland, based on the English model and directed by the English Crown, the rights of the Catholic majority in the Kingdom of Ireland had been curtailed. A number of influential Catholics in the Parliament of Ireland (both Old English and members of the Gaelic nobility of Ireland) sought to redress this during the reign of King Charles I by proposing reforms to allow Catholics loyal to the Crown to play their full role in Irish society, both legally and officially. Although the King was sympathetic, during the time of Thomas Wentworth, who was the Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1632 to 1640, these aims were frustrated. The discontent resulting from the lack of reform played a part in the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
Battle of Salta
The Battle of Salta took place on February 20, 1813, on the plains of Castañares, north of the present-day Argentine city of Salta, during the Argentine War of Independence. The Army of the North, under the command of general Manuel Belgrano, defeated for the second time the royalist troops of general Pío de Tristán, after their victory in the previous September at the Battle of Tucumán. The unconditional surrender of the royalist troops ensured Argentine control over most of the northern territories of the former Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

Battle of Tucumán
The Battle of Tucumán was fought on 24 and 25 September 1812 near the Argentine city of San Miguel de Tucumán, during the Argentine War of Independence. The Army of the North, commanded by General Manuel Belgrano, defeated the royalist troops commanded by General Pío de Tristán, who had a two-to-one advantage in numbers, halting the royalist advance on Argentina's northwest. Together with the Battle of Salta, on 20 February 1813, the victory at Tucumán allowed the Argentine troops to reaffirm the borders under their control.
Revolutionary Communist Workers Movement of Turkey
Revolutionary Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (in Turkish: Türkiye Devrimci Komünist İşçi Hareketi) was a clandestine Marxist-Leninist group in Turkey. TDKİH was founded in August 1989, following a split in the Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey (TDKP). TDKİH accused the TDKP leadership of reformism.

TDKİH published Devrimci Komünist İşçi.

In March 1990 a Co-ordination Committee was established by the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist - Hareketi (TKP/ML-Hareketi), Communist Workers Movement of Turkey (TKİH) and TDKİH to merge into a single party. In 1991 TDKİH merged into TKİH.

Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist – Hareketi
Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist – Hareketi (in Turkish: Türkiye Komünist Partisi/Marksist-Leninist - Hareketi, Hareketi is Turkish for 'Movement') was a clandestine communist party in Turkey. TKP/ML Hareketi was born in 1976, through a split in the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP/ML). TKP/ML-Hareketi wanted to move away from the Maoist orthodoxy of TKP/ML, and alienated itself towards concepts such as 'People's War'.
National Christmas Tree (United States)
The National Christmas Tree is a large evergreen tree located in the northeast quadrant of the Ellipse near the White House in Washington, D.C. Each year since 1923, the tree has been decorated as a Christmas tree.  Every year, early in December, the tree is traditionally lit by the president and first lady of the United States. Every president since Franklin D. Roosevelt has also made formal remarks during the tree lighting ceremony.

Since 1954, this event has marked the start of month-long festivities known as the Pageant of Peace. The line of smaller trees representing the U.S. states, the five U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia around the National Christmas Tree is referred to as the Pathway to Peace.

Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree
The Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree is a large Christmas tree placed annually at Rockefeller Center, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, United States. The tree is put in place in mid November and lit in a public ceremony on the last Wednesday of November or first Wednesday of December and following Thanksgiving.  Since 1997, the lighting has been broadcast live, to hundreds of millions, on NBC's Christmas in Rockefeller Center telecast. The tree lighting ceremony is aired at the end of every broadcast, following live entertainment and the tree is lit by the current Mayor of New York City, the CEO and president of Tishman Speyer and special guests.

The tree, usually a Norway spruce 69 to 100 feet (21–30 m) tall, has been a national tradition each year since 1933. The official 2025 Christmas Tree Lighting occurred during a live broadcast on December 3, 2025. The tree will remain on display until 10 January 2026.
1988–89 QMJHL season
The 1988–89 QMJHL season was the 20th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL first awards the end-of-season honours of the "Rookie All-star team"  to first year players.

The Quebec Remparts franchise returned as Longueuil Collège Français, bringing the league up to eleven teams. The league dissolved its divisions, and each team played 70 games each in the schedule. The league made it mandatory for all the teams' players to wear a full face shield covering their entire face.

On February 9, 1989, the Drummondville Voltigeurs' coach and general manager Jean Bégin was suspended indefinitely after he was arrested and charged with sexual assault.

The Trois-Rivières Draveurs finished first overall in the regular season, winning their third Jean Rougeau Trophy. The Laval Titan won their first President's Cup since changing the name from the Laval Voisins, by defeating the Victoriaville Tigres in the finals.

Longueuil Collège Français (QMJHL)
The Longueuil Collège-Français were a major junior ice hockey team based in Longueuil, Quebec, Canada. They played three seasons, from 1988 to 1991, in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The team played its home games out of the 2,400-seat Colisée Jean Béliveau.

The team was a revival of the Quebec Remparts franchise which last played in the QMJHL during the 1984–85 season. Following the 1990–91 QMJHL season, the franchise was relocated to Verdun, Quebec, becoming the Verdun Collège Français.
Bajzë railway station
The Bajzë Rail Station (Albanian: Stacioni Hekurudhor i Bajzë) is a railway station located in Bajzë, Albania. It is operated by Hekurudha Shqiptare (Albanian Railways) and part of Montenegrin-Albanian cross-border freight line between Podgorica, capital of Montengero, and Shkodër, Albania. Two freight trains pass daily through the station, hauling over 10,000 tonnes of commodities monthly. Long term plans exist to establish and operate international passenger trains between Albania and Montenegro via Bajzë. The vast majority of Albanian entrepreneurs import their goods through the railway line from all over Europe, as transport through train is about 50% cheaper than road transport. Cleaning of toxic chemicals, which had been dumped during 1991-1992, finished in 2009.

Bajzë
Bajzë is a small town in the former Kastrat Municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 2,346.
Sisseton Wahpeton College
Sisseton Wahpeton College (SWC) is a public tribal land-grant college of the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate on the Lake Traverse Reservation in South Dakota. It was established in 1979 and serves the Dakota people and the general public. SWC has an average enrollment of about 250 students, of whom more than 80% are tribal members. It has both vocational and academic programs, which includes 
certificates, associate degrees, and bachelor degrees as well as articulation arrangements with other universities and colleges so that students can transfer for continued studies.

Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
The Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation (Dakota: Skiskiṭuŋwaŋ Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ Oyáte), formerly Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe/Dakota Nation, is a federally recognized tribe comprising two bands and two subdivisions of the Isanti or Santee Dakota people. They are on the Lake Traverse Reservation in northeast South Dakota.
Geoffrey Hayes (artist)
Geoffrey L. Hayes (1947–2017) was an American children's book illustrator and cartoonist. He was the author of over 50 books, including a series of titles with the children's comics publisher Toon Books. He was the brother of underground cartoonist Rory Hayes (1949–1983).

Rory Hayes
Rory Hayes (August 8, 1949 – August 29, 1983) was an American underground cartoonist in the late 1960s and early 1970s.  His comics were drawn in an expressionistic, primitivist style and usually dealt with grim subject matter such as paranoia, violent crime, and drug abuse.  In addition to his own titles, Bogeyman and Cunt Comics, he was published in many of the most prominent comics in the underground scene, including Bijou Funnies and Arcade.
Elliott Poss
Elliott Poss (c. 1948 – February 14, 2006) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina from 1985 to 1990, compiling a record of 29–38–1. Poss was an assistant as Presbyterian  from 1975 to 1984. During his stints as head coach, he mentored future Presbyterian head coach Harold Nichols.

Harold Nichols (American football)
Harold Nichols (born November 26, 1967) is an American football coach and former player. He was the head football coach at Presbyterian College in Clinton, South Carolina, from 2009 to 2016. Nichols played college football as a quarterback at Presbyterian from 1987 to 1989. He has worked an assistant football coach at Georgia Southern University, the University of Rhode Island, Bucknell University, and his alma mater, Presbyterian.
Shaw College, Chinese University of Hong Kong
22°25′22″N 114°12′04″E﻿ / ﻿22.4228°N 114.2012°E﻿ / 22.4228; 114.2012

Shaw College (Chinese: 逸夫書院) is the fourth constituent college to be established at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a public university in New Territories, Hong Kong.

Chinese University of Hong Kong
The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) is a public university in Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

Established in 1963 as a federation of three colleges – Chung Chi College, New Asia College, and United College, it is Hong Kong's second-oldest university, with the first being the University of Hong Kong. Predecessors of the university included St. John's University, Lingnan University and Yenching University, alongside 10 other Christian universities in China.

The university is organised into nine constituent colleges and eight academic faculties, and remains the only collegiate university in Hong Kong. The university operates in both English and Chinese.

Four Nobel laureates are associated with the university, and it is the only tertiary institution in Hong Kong with recipients of the Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal, and Veblen Prize sitting as faculty in residence.
Barwiki (Łapy)
Barwiki [barviki] (formerly Łapy-Barwiki) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łapy, within Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

Until the end of 1924, it was an independent village in the Poświętne commune in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, and from 1919 in the Białystok Voivodeship. On January 1, 1925, it was incorporated into the newly created city of Łapy

Łapy
Łapy [ˈwapɨ] is a town in north-eastern Poland, in Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship; the administrative centre of the urban-rural gmina Łapy. It is situated in the North Podlasie Lowland, on the river Narew.

According to data from 31 December 2010, the town had 16,049 inhabitants.

Situated here are the bankrupt Railway Fleet Repair Works, a dairy, and the sugar refinery closed in February 2008. Now, Łapy is a medical and educational centre for the region of the former Łapy county.
Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen
The Mannheim/Ludwigshafen tramway network (German: Straßenbahnnetz Mannheim/Ludwigshafen) is a metre-gauge transport network of tramways focused on the cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen am Rhein, and connected to Heidelberg tram network and to Weinheim via the Upper Rhine Railway Company (OEG), in the Rhine Neckar Area of Germany. The network has been operated since 2005 by Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr GmbH (RNV), and is integrated in the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN).

Ludwigshafen
Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (German pronunciation: [ˈluːtvɪçsˌhaːfn̩ ʔam ˈʁaɪn] ⓘ; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German: Ludwichshafe or Lumpehafe), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine (Upper Rhine), opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it forms the Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is home to BASF, the world's largest chemical producer, and other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz.

It is the birthplace and death place of the former Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl.

In 2012, Ludwigshafen was classified as a global city with 'Sufficiency' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC).
Robert Garnock
Robert Garnock (c. 1660 – 1681) was a Scottish covenanter. He was baptised by James Guthrie and like him was hanged in Edinburgh although at a different time and place; Guthrie was executed about 20 years before Garnock.

John Howie (biographer)
John Howie (14 November 1735 – 5 January 1793) was a Scottish biographer. His best known work was  Biographia Scoticana, first published in 1775, which is often called The Scots Worthies. It deals with Christians and particularly Presbyterians especially in their strivings with church and civil authorities.
Willie Gilzenberg
William Louis Gilzenberg (October 14, 1901 – November 15, 1978) was an American booker, boxing and wrestling promoter in the New York and New Jersey areas. Gilzenberg is noted for being the very first on-screen authority at the World Wide Wrestling Federation, becoming the first president of the WWWF in June 1963. He held the position until his death in 1978, at which point he was succeeded by Hisashi Shinma.  Gilzenberg was also a boxing promoter in New Jersey.

Gilzenberg died from cancer at age 77 on November 15, 1978, in a hospital in South Miami, Florida. He was 77.

A few weeks after his death on December 2, Gilzenberg was inducted by the Veterans Boxing Social Club in Belleville, New Jersey. In 2010, he was inducted into the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame.

Professional wrestling authority figures
This list brings together authority figures—people who hold on-screen power—in professional wrestling promotions or brands within North America. The North American wrestling industry portrays authority figures as responsible for making matches, providing rules and generally keeping law and order both in and outside the ring. The role can vary according to disposition as a face authority figure tends to give what the fans want and does what is fair while heel authority figures tend to run their shows out of their own self-interest.
1996–1997 Vendée Globe
The 1996–1997 Vendée Globe was a non-stop round-the-world yacht race for IMOCA 50- and IMOCA 60-class yachts crewed by only one person. It was the third edition of the race, starting on 3 November 1996 from Les Sables-d'Olonne. The overall winner was Christophe Auguin who crossed the finish line on 17 February 1997 after a total time of 105 days, 20 hours and 31 minutes.

Isabelle Autissier
Isabelle Autissier (born 18 October 1956) is a French sailor, navigator, writer, and broadcaster. She is celebrated for being the first woman to have completed a solo world navigation in competition (BOC Challenge 1990–91). Based in La Rochelle since 1980, she is also a writer and honorary president of World Wildlife Fund-France.
Arenales Avenue
General Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales Avenue (Spanish: Avenida General Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales), known simply as Arenales Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Arenales), is a major avenue in Lima, Peru. It starts at its intersection with Republic of Chile Avenue and continues to the south, until it reaches Javier Prado Avenue, joining the districts of Lima (where its first twelve blocks serve as the western limit of its southernmost neighbourhood), Lince and San Isidro.

Santa Beatriz
Santa Beatriz is a neighbourhood in Lima District. It is the southernmost area of the district. It limits to the north, with the historic centre of Lima; to the east, with La Victoria; to the south, with Lince; and to the west, with Jesús María.

During the early 20th century, it housed important figures of Peruvian literature.
Ingamoder
58°16′3.13″N 13°51′1.31″E﻿ / ﻿58.2675361°N 13.8503639°E﻿ / 58.2675361; 13.8503639

Ingamoder is a Swedish name invented in modern times for the daughter of King Emund the Old who was married to King Stenkil of Sweden and whose given name is not known. It translates to English as "Mother of Inge" (that is of King Inge the Elder).

Emund the Old
Emund the Old (Old Norse: Eymundr gamli; Old Swedish: Æmunðær gamlæ, Æmunðær gammal, Æmunðær slemæ; Swedish: Emund den gamle; died c. 1060) was King of Sweden from c. 1050 to c. 1060. His short reign was characterised by disputes with the Archbishopric of Bremen over church policies, and a historically debated delimitation of the Swedish-Danish border.