hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Al-Shuyukh
Ash-Shuyukh or al-Shuyukh (Arabic: الشيوخ) is a Palestinian town in the Hebron Governorate of the State of Palestine, located 6 km northeast of the city of Hebron. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Ash-Shuyukh had a population of 12,052 in 2017.

Like the rest of the Hebron area, ash-Shuyukh is an agricultural area. Primary crops include olives, figs, almonds, lentils, peaches and apricots. Olive groves cover 980 dunams while grains and pulses cover 680 dunams. There are about 2,000 sheep and goats in the town raised as livestock.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Gilmer, Roanoke, Virginia
Gilmer is a neighborhood in central Roanoke, Virginia, USA, abutting the Norfolk Southern rail yard that initially developed in the 1920s as an early Roanoke suburb. It borders the neighborhoods of Harrison on the north, Gainsboro to the east and Loudon-Melrose to the west. Both the West End and Hurt Park are to the south and can be accessed via the 10th Street Bridge across the railroad gulch. Founded in 1980, the Northwest Neighborhood Environmental Organization is the community development corporation active within the Gilmer neighborhood.

Loudon-Melrose, Roanoke, Virginia
Loudon-Melrose is a Roanoke, Virginia neighborhood located in west Roanoke south of U.S. 460 (Melrose Avenue).  It borders the neighborhoods of Shenandoah West on the west, Harrison and Gilmer on the east, Melrose-Rugby on the north and Hurt Park on the south opposite the Norfolk Southern rail yard.
First Lady of Cuba
First Lady of Cuba (Spanish: Primera Dama de Cuba) is de facto title of the wife of the President of the Republic of Cuba. The current first lady of Cuba is Lis Cuesta Peraza, the second wife of President Miguel Díaz-Canel, who is also the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the Cuban government. She is the first presidential wife to be referred to as "first lady" by Cuban state media since the 1960s.

Lis Cuesta Peraza
Lis Cuesta Peraza de Díaz-Canel (née Cuesta Peraza; born 28 March 1971) is a Cuban politician and former tourism executive who is the current First Lady of Cuba since 2018 as the second wife of Miguel Díaz-Canel, the First Secretary of the Communist Party and President of Cuba. Cuesta is the first woman to be called "first lady" by Cuban state-run media since the 1960s.
Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
The Chechen National Army (Chechen: Noxçiyn Respublika Içkerin Theman Niċq̇aş, Нохчийн Республика Ичкерин ТӀеман НицӀкъаш; Russian: Национальная Армия Чеченской Республики Ичкерия, romanized: Natsionalnaya Armiya Chechenskoy Respubliki Ichkeriya) or Chechen Armed Forces are the united militarized formations of the former de facto Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

On October 15, 2022, the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria were officially resurrected in Ukraine by the Government of Ichkeria in exile, with a center being on the units contributing to the Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, such as Separate Special Purpose Battalion, which has seen combat in Bakhmut and Belgorod.

Separate Special Purpose Battalion
The Separate Special Purpose Battalion of the Ministry of Defense of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, (Russian: Отдельный батальон особого назначения Вооружённых сил Чеченской Республики Ичкерия (ОБОН ВС ЧРИ)) also known as OBON, is a spetsnaz formation of Chechen volunteers, functioning as part of the International Legion of Territorial Defense of Ukraine. It is one of several Chechen armed volunteer formations on the side of Ukraine. It was created by Akhmed Zakayev on July 29, 2022, on the basis of a Chechen formation that has been fighting on the side of the Ukrainian Armed Forces since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine to combat the purposes of their common enemy.
Bradford Parkinson
Bradford Parkinson (born February 16, 1935) is an American engineer and inventor, retired United States Air Force Colonel and Emeritus Professor at Stanford University. He is best known as the lead architect, advocate and developer, with early contributions from Ivan Getting and Roger Easton, of the Air Force NAVSTAR program, better known as Global Positioning System.

He was also the co-principal investigator (co-PI) and program manager on Gravity Probe B, which tested gravitomagnetism and was the first direct mechanical test of Einstein’s General Relativity.

He has received numerous awards and honors for GPS and contributions to engineering and invention, including the Charles Stark Draper Prize, National Inventors Hall of Fame, and IEEE Medal of Honor, among others.  In 2019, Bradford Parkinson shared the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering with three other GPS pioneers (James Spilker, Hugo Freuhauf, and Richard Schwartz).

Roger L. Easton
Roger Lee Easton Sr. (April 30, 1921 – May 8, 2014) was an American physicist and state representative who was the principal inventor and designer of the Global Positioning System, along with Ivan A. Getting and Bradford Parkinson.
Canadian Museum of Flight
The Canadian Museum of Flight (formally the Canadian Museum of Flight Association since 1998) is an aviation museum at the Langley Regional Airport in Langley, British Columbia, Canada. The museum has over 25 civilian and military jets, piston driven engine aircraft, gliders, and helicopters on display, six of which have been restored to flying condition. Other displays include an aviation art gallery and aviation artifacts.

Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)
The Township of Langley is a district municipality immediately east of the City of Surrey in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It extends south from the Fraser River to the Canada–United States border, and west of the City of Abbotsford. Langley Township is not to be confused with the City of Langley, which is adjacent to the township but politically is a separate entity. Langley is located in the eastern part of Metro Vancouver.
Commander of the Navy (Sri Lanka)
The commander of the Navy is the professional head of the Sri Lanka Navy. The current commander of the Navy is Vice Admiral Kanchana Banagoda. It is a position equivalent to that of First Sea Lord of the Royal Navy or Chief of Naval Operations in the United States Navy.

By convention, serving Navy commanders have a rank of vice admiral, and will be promoted to the rank of admiral on retirement.

Navy House, Colombo
Navy House is the official residence of the Commander of the Sri Lanka Navy in Colombo. The present Navy House is a Class “A” type quarters constructed by the British Colonial Government of Ceylon to house government officials along Bullers Road. It is located next door to the General's House.
Alpinia acuminata
Alpinia acuminata is a monocotyledonous plant species described by Rosemary Margaret Smith. Alpinia acuminata is part of the genus Alpinia and the family Zingiberaceae.

The species' range is Papua New Guinea. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life.

Alpinia
Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Dawes Point
Dawes Point is a suburb of the City of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Dawes Point is located on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district, at the southern end of Sydney Harbour Bridge, adjacent to The Rocks. Historically, Dawes Point (including Walsh Bay) has been considered to be part of the suburb of Millers Point and the name change is controversial.

Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct
The Walsh Bay Wharves Precinct, also known as the Walsh Bay Arts Precinct, is a heritage-listed former wharf precinct, now converted to hospitality and entertainment purposes, at Hickson Road, in the inner city Sydney suburb of Millers Point in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by H. D. Walsh, who also supervised its construction from 1912 to 1921. It includes the MSB Bond Store No. 3 and the Parbury Ruins. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Between 2018 and 2022, the precinct underwent a major redevelopment to transform several heritage-listed wharves into modern performance venues, now housing resident arts organisations including Sydney Theatre Company, Australian Theatre for Young People, Bell Shakespeare and the Australian Chamber Orchestra.
Manuel Meana
Manuel Meana (21 October 1901 – 1 August 1985) was a Spanish footballer. He was capped for Spain 7 times and was part of Spain's squad for the football tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics, but he did not play in any matches. Under the presidency of Santiago Bernabéu he was the creator and first director of the Real Madrid Sports City, a position he held until his retirement.

1922–23 Prince of Asturias Cup
The 1922–23 Prince of Asturias Cup was the fifth tournament of the Prince of Asturias Cup, which is an inter-regional football competition contested by the regional selections of Spain.

The pre-favourites to win were the Catalan team because at that time they had great international figures such as the Spanish goalkeeper Ricardo Zamora or the Barcelona players Josep Samitier, the Filipino Paulino Alcántara and the Argentine Emili Sagi-Barba, but instead, they were knocked out in the semi-finals by the eventual champions Asturias, who defeated Galicia in the final 3–1, courtesy of a second-half brace from José Luis Zabala.
Mebbin National Park
Mebbin  is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, 633 kilometres (393 mi) north of Sydney.  It is part of the Shield Volcano Group of the World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1983 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.  It is also part of the Scenic Rim Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because of its importance in the conservation of several species of threatened birds.

This is a paradise for nature lovers, a great place for hiking, picnicking, camping, cycling or horseback riding.

Scenic Rim
The Scenic Rim is a group of forested mountain ranges of the Great Dividing Range, located south of Brisbane agglomeration, straddling the border between south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. In 2021, the Scenic Rim was named as a Lonely Planet top destination for 2022.
Iga-ryū
Iga-ryū (伊賀流, "the Iga School") is an umbrella term for ninjutsu traditions that come from the Iga region, according to Japanese legend. It became one of the two most well-known ninja traditions in Japan. The Iga-ryū traditions originated in the Iga Province in the area around the towns of Iga, Ueno, and Nabari (modern Iga City and Nabari City in Mie Prefecture). Iga-mono is a synonym for Iga ninja.

Iga Province
Iga Province (伊賀国, Iga no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [iꜜ.ɡa (no kɯ.ɲi), iꜜ.ŋa-]) was a province of Japan located in what is today part of western Mie Prefecture.   Its abbreviated name was Ishū (伊州). Iga is classified as one of the provinces of the Tōkaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Iga was ranked as an "inferior country" (下国 gekoku) and a "near country" (近国 kingoku).

Iga was bordered by Ise to the east and south, Ōmi to the north, Yamato to the west and south, and Yamashiro Province to the northwest. It roughly coincides with the modern municipalities of Iga and Nabari in Mie Prefecture as well as Yagyu in Nara Prefecture. Surrounded by mountains, historically, Iga Province was rather inaccessible due to extremely poor road conditions. However, the area is now relatively easy to access from nearby Nara and Kyoto, as well as the larger cities of Osaka and Nagoya.
800 Westchester Avenue
The 800 Westchester Avenue complex is a postmodern Class A office building located in Rye Brook, New York. It was designed  by the architectural firm of Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates, LLC to serve as the corporate headquarters for  General Foods.

Described as an "aluminum business palace" and an "Aztec temple", it was also notable for being Westchester County's largest real estate transaction of 2004.

Rye Brook, New York
Rye Brook is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States, within the town of Rye. The population was 9,347 at the 2010 census.

Rye Brook has been designated as a Tree City USA for 14 years.
Redcastle
Redcastle (Scottish Gaelic: an Caisteal ruadh), historically known as Edirdovar and Ederdour, is a medieval castle in Killearnan on the Black Isle, northern Scotland. It is so named from the colour of the stone of which it is built. The castle is now in a state of ruinous disrepair, although it is protected as a category B listed building.

The structure has an L-shaped floor plan and is approximately three stories. It does not have a roof at this time.

Black Isle
The Black Isle (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Eilean Dubh, pronounced [ən̪ˠ ˈtʲʰelan ˈt̪uh]) is a peninsula within Ross and Cromarty, in the Scottish Highlands.  It includes the towns of Cromarty and Fortrose, and the villages of Culbokie, Resolis, Jemimaville, Rosemarkie, Avoch, Munlochy, Tore, and North Kessock, as well as numerous smaller settlements. About 12,000 people live on the Black Isle, depending on the definition.

It contains the civil parishes of Killearnan, Knockbain, Avoch, Rosemarkie, Cromarty, Resolis, and Urquhart.  These parishes had a total population of 12,302  at the 2011 census.

The northern slopes of the Black Isle offer fine views of Dingwall, Ben Wyvis, Fyrish and the deepwater anchorage at Invergordon. To the south, Inverness and the Monadhliath Mountains can be seen.
Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor
The Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor was awarded by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television from 1980 to 1983, for the best performance by non-Canadian actor in a Canadian film.

The award and its Foreign Actress companion were frequently criticized both by actors and film critics — Canadian actor Christopher Plummer criticized the distinction in his Best Actor acceptance speech at the first Genies ceremony, and Jay Scott called them "loathsome", dubbing them "the Colonial Category", in a 1982 article in The Globe and Mail.

The awards were discontinued after the 4th Genie Awards. Initially, non-Canadian actors were simply barred from being nominated in acting categories at all, but beginning with the 7th Genie Awards non-Canadian actors instead became eligible for the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role and/or the Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role.

Genie Awards
The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980–2012. They succeeded the Canadian Film Awards (1949–1978). In 2013, the Academy merged the Genie Awards with its sister presentation for television, the Gemini Awards, to form the Canadian Screen Awards.

Genie Award candidates were selected from submissions made by the owners of Canadian films or their representatives, based on the criteria laid out in the Genie Rules and Regulations booklet which were distributed to Academy members and industry members. Peer-group juries, assembled from volunteer members of the Academy, met to watch the submissions and select a group of nominees. Academy members then voted on these nominations.
Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and one Capital District (Distrito Capital). Departments are country subdivisions and are granted a certain degree of autonomy. Each department has a governor (gobernador) and an Assembly (Asamblea Departamental), elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The governor cannot be re-elected in consecutive periods.

Departments are formed by a grouping of municipalities (municipios, sing. municipio). Municipal government is headed by mayor (alcalde) and administered by a municipal council (concejo municipal), both of which are elected by popular vote for four-year periods.

Colombian Constitution of 1991
The Political Constitution of Colombia of 1991 (Spanish: Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991), is the Constitution of the Republic of Colombia. It was promulgated in Constitutional Gazette number 114 on Sunday, July 7, 1991, and is also known as the Constitution of Rights. It replaced the Political Constitution of 1886 and was issued during the presidency of the liberal César Gaviria.

It is divided up into eight sections, under titles.
Nadar
Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French: [ɡaspaʁ feliks tuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910), known by the pseudonym Nadar (French: [nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was a French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist who was a proponent of heavier-than-air flight. In 1858, he became the first person to take aerial photographs. Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many of the great national collections of photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after his death.

From the Earth to the Moon
From the Earth to the Moon: A Direct Route in 97 Hours, 20 Minutes (French: De la Terre à la Lune, trajet direct en 97 heures 20 minutes) is an 1865 novel by Jules Verne. It tells the story of the Baltimore Gun Club, a post–American Civil War society of weapons enthusiasts, and their attempts to build an enormous Columbiad space gun and launch three people – the Gun Club's president, his Philadelphian armor-making rival, and a French poet – in a projectile with the goal of a Moon landing. Five years later, Verne wrote a sequel called Around the Moon. There are two modern unabridged English translations by Walter James Miller (1978) and Frederick Paul Walter (2010).
Victorian Opera (Melbourne)
Victorian Opera is an opera company based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The company was founded in 2005 by the Victorian Government as a replacement for the Victoria State Opera. It commenced operations in January 2006 with Richard Gill as Artistic Director. Stuart Maunder is the current Artistic Director. The company is supported through government funding, patron contributions and corporate sponsorship.

Alan John
Alan John (born 7 May 1958 in Sydney) is an Australian composer. He studied music at the University of Sydney, graduating in 1980. His compositions include original music for various plays, films (such as Holding the Man, Three Dollars and The Bank) and TV series (including Love My Way), and the musicals Jonah Jones, Orlando Rourke and Snugglepot and Cuddlepie.
Kneser's theorem (differential equations)
In mathematics, the Kneser theorem can refer to two distinct theorems in the field of ordinary differential equations:

the first one, named after Adolf Kneser, provides criteria to decide whether a differential equation is oscillating or not;

the other one, named after Hellmuth Kneser, is about the topology of the set of all solutions of an initial value problem with continuous right hand side.

Oscillation theory
In mathematics, in the field of ordinary differential equations, a nontrivial solution to an ordinary differential equation

is called oscillating if it has an infinite number of roots; otherwise it is called non-oscillating. The differential equation is called oscillating if it has an oscillating solution.
The number of roots carries also information on the spectrum of associated boundary value problems.
Lehlogonolo Masoga
Matjie Lehlogonolo Alfred Masoga (born 1975/1976) is a South African politician who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the Limpopo Provincial Legislature from 2009 to 2019. He was Limpopo's Member of the Executive Council for Roads and Transport from July 2013 to May 2014 and he subsequently served as Deputy Speaker of the Limpopo Provincial Legislature from 2014 to 2019. He rose to prominence as the Provincial Chairperson of the Limpopo branch of the ANC Youth League, although he was expelled from the league in July 2010 after falling out with league president Julius Malema.

Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress
The Provincial Executive Committees (PECs) of the African National Congress (ANC) are the chief executive organs of the party's nine provincial branches. Comprising the so-called “Top Five” provincial officials and up to 30 additional elected members, each is structured similarly to the party's National Executive Committee (NEC) and is elected every four years at party provincial conferences.

The “Top Five” officials at the head of each PEC are the ANC Provincial Chairperson, the political leader of the party in the province; the ANC Provincial Secretary, a full-time party functionary; their respective deputies; and the Provincial Treasurer. With some notable exceptions, especially under President Thabo Mbeki, the Provincial Chairperson often becomes the ANC's candidate for election as Premier in the corresponding provincial government, and other members of the PEC are often appointed to the provincial cabinet as Members of the Executive Council.
Seram boobook
The Seram boobook (Ninox squamipila), also Hantu boobook, Moluccan boobook or Moluccan hawk owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found on the Indonesian islands of Seram, Kelang and Ambon.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.  It used to be considered a subspecies of the Moluccan boobook.

It is known to make loud vocalizations in the early evening.

It eats wild rats and snakes.

Moluccan boobook
The Moluccan boobook or Moluccan hawk-owl group (Ninox spp.), are a group of owls in the family Strigidae. They are found in Indonesia. Once consider a single species, the four species are now considered part of a species complex.  Natural habitat for all species is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Clos de la Roche
Clos de la Roche is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée for red wine in the Côte de Nuits subregion of Burgundy, with Pinot noir as the main grape variety. It is situated in the commune of Morey-Saint-Denis in the Côte-d'Or département. Clos de la Roche is located in the northern part of the commune, stretches to the border of Gevrey-Chambertin, and borders to the Grand Cru vineyard Clos Saint-Denis in the south. It borders the Route des Grands Crus in the east. The AOC was created in 1936, and the Clos part of its name refers to a wall-enclosed vineyard.

Clos Saint-Denis
Clos Saint-Denis is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red wine in the Côte de Nuits subregion  of Burgundy, with Pinot noir as the main grape variety. It is situated in the commune of Morey-Saint-Denis in the Côte-d'Or département. Clos de la Roche is located just to the north of the village Morey-Saint-Denis (which has borrowed its name from the vineyard) and borders to the Grand Cru vineyard Clos de la Roche in the north. The AOC was created in 1936, and the Clos part of its name refers to a wall-enclosed vineyard.