hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Granite, Colorado
Granite is an unincorporated community with a U.S. Post Office in Chaffee County, Colorado, United States.  The zip code of Granite is 81228.  According to the 2010 census, the population is 116.

Situated between the Mosquito and the Sawatch mountain ranges, Granite is a
high mountain town located on the Arkansas River midway between Leadville to the north, and Buena Vista to the south. It is in close proximity to the second and third highest peaks in the contiguous United States, Mount Elbert and Mount Massive.

The town has a rich history from its days during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush, when it began as a mining camp, holding the county seat. Early prospectors, such as Horace Tabor, were attracted to the area.

Lake County, Colorado
Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,436. The county seat and the only municipality in the county is Leadville. The highest natural point in Colorado and the entire Rocky Mountains is the summit of Mount Elbert in Lake County at 14,440 feet (4,400 meters) elevation.
Suryapet (mandal)
Suryapet mandal is one of the 23 mandals in Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Suryapet revenue division with its headquarters at Suryapet. The mandal is located on the banks of Musi river which separates it from Kethepally mandal and is bounded by Jajireddigudem, Athmakur (S), Chivvemla and Penpahad mandals. The density of population of the mandal is the highest of all the mandals in the district with 748.

Chivvemla mandal
Chivvemla mandal is one of the 23 mandals in Suryapet district of the Indian state of Telangana. It is under the administration of Suryapet revenue division with its headquarters at Chivvemla. It is bounded by Suryapet mandal towards west, Athmakur (S) mandal towards North, Mothey mandal towards East, Penpahad mandal towards South.
Ciechanowiec
Ciechanowiec (Polish pronunciation: [t͡ɕɛxaˈnɔvʲɛt͡s]; Yiddish: טשעכֿאַנאָװיץ, romanized: Tshekhanovits) is a small town in Gmina Ciechanowiec, Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, eastern Poland. In December 2021, the town had a population of 4,511.

Gmina Ciechanowiec
Gmina Ciechanowiec is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ciechanowiec, which lies approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) south of Wysokie Mazowieckie and 66 km (41 mi) south-west of the regional capital Białystok.

The gmina covers an area of 201.46 square kilometres (77.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 9,454 (out of which the population of Ciechanowiec amounts to 4,898, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,556).
Hitler birthplace memorial stone
The Hitler birthplace memorial stone, a memorial to the victims of the Nazi Party, is placed in front of Salzburger Vorstadt 15, Braunau am Inn, Upper Austria, the building where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889.

Braunau am Inn
Braunau am Inn (Austrian German: [ˈbraʊnaʊ am ˈɪn] ⓘ; transl. "Braunau on the Inn") is a town in Upper Austria on the border with the German state of Bavaria. It is most well-known as the birthplace of Adolf Hitler.
Sir Roland Wilson, 2nd Baronet
Sir Roland Knyvet Wilson, 2nd Baronet (27 August 1840 - 29 October 1919) was an English academic and political writer. The son of Rear-Admiral George Knyvet Wilson, R.N., Roland's uncle was Sir Archdale Wilson, commander of British forces at the Siege of Delhi, whom he succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1874.

Wilson was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. In 1867 he was a barrister and then ventured into journalism, working for the Weekly Reporter and Law Journal from 1867 to 1871. He was a reader in Indian Law at the University of Cambridge from 1878 to 1892.

Wilson's history of English law impressed A. V. Dicey due to its documenting the distinction between Blackstonian and Benthamite phases of law reform. Wilson was a classical liberal involved in the Personal Rights Association, an organisation which grew out of opposition to the Contagious Diseases Acts, and his The Province of the State examined legitimate areas of concern for the state.

Archdale Wilson
Lieutenant-General Sir Archdale Wilson, 1st Baronet, GCB (1803 – 9 May 1874) was a British Bengal Army and British Army artillery officer who served during the Second Sikh War and the Indian Rebellion of 1857, during which he was commended for his part in the capture of Delhi and the relief of Lucknow. For his actions during the rebellion, Wilson was knighted and created a baronet. He later returned to the United Kingdom, where he became a colonel commandant of the Royal Artillery.
If I Must Die
If I Must Die is a poem by Palestinian poet  Refaat Alareer. The poem became famous following the death of its author, and has been recognized as a testament to the resilience, resistance, and humanity of the Palestinian people during the Gaza genocide. It has been analyzed in academic, journalistic, and cultural contexts for its evocative imagery and its symbolic challenge to narratives of occupation and marginalization.

It has been described as one of the most widely known poems of the 21st century.

Salih Altoma
Salih Jawad Altoma (Arabic: صالح جواد آل طعمة; b. September 23, 1929) is an Iraqi poet, author, and professor emeritus of near eastern languages and cultures at the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies and an adjunct professor emeritus of comparative literature at Indiana University.
Widmerpool Hall
Widmerpool Hall is a Grade II listed English country house in Widmerpool, Nottinghamshire.

Situated on the north side of the village, it was built in 1872 for Major George Coke Robertson to the designs of Henry Clutton. This neo-Gothic manor house was constructed of Bath and Clipsham stone. It has an Italianate, gargoyle adorned clock-tower without a clock; the space for the clock was left blank out of respect for Robertson's recently deceased wife.

It remained a private residence until the breakup of the estate in the 1950s. For several decades at the end of the twentieth century, it was the headquarters of The Automobile Association Patrol Service Training School, popularly known as 'The AA Academy'. British Pathé recorded some of the activities there in 'The AA Story', in 1967.

Between 2008 and 2010 it underwent extensive renovation for residential purposes; and this has provided 9 apartments, 11 mews style houses and 4 detached houses. The hall is grade II listed.

Widmerpool
Widmerpool is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, about 10 miles south-south-east of Nottingham and some 7.5 miles north-east of Loughborough. It is one of Nottinghamshire's oldest settlements and is just over a mile west of the A46 (the Fosse Way). Extensive dual carriageway road works along the A46 have now been completed. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 262, increasing to 339 at the 2011 census, and falling slightly to 327 residents at the 2021 census. Until the 1960s there had not been any building in the village for 100 years.

Widmerpool is also the surname of a disreputable character in Anthony Powell's twelve-volume sequence of novels A Dance to the Music of Time. The connexion between the village and the character can be explored at Kenneth Widmerpool.
Wrabness railway station
Wrabness railway station is on the Mayflower Line, a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line in the East of England, serving the village of Wrabness, Essex. It is 65 miles 6 chains (104.73 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Mistley to the west and Harwich International station to the east. Its three-letter station code is WRB.

The station is currently managed by Abellio Greater Anglia, which also operates all trains serving the station.

Wrabness
Wrabness is a small village and civil parish near Manningtree, Essex, England. The village is located six miles (10 km) west of Harwich, in North Essex on the banks of the River Stour. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 369.
Apostolic Nunciature to Turkey
The Apostolic Nunciature to Turkey is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Turkey. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.  The Apostolic Nuncio to Turkey is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan upon his appointment to said nations.

Papal representation in the area that later became Turkey was initiated with the creation of the Apostolic Delegation to Constantinople in 1868, at a time when the Holy See had largely ceded the management of Church affairs in the region to the French Catholic Church. It was renamed the Apostolic Delegation to Turkey in 1930. In anticipation of the establishment of diplomatic relations, Pope John XXIII created the Apostolic Internunciature to Turkey on 29 February 1960. Pope Paul VI raised it to the full status of Apostolic Nunciature on 30 August 1966.

Apostolic Nunciature to Turkmenistan
The Apostolic Nunciature to Turkmenistan is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Turkmenistan. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.

The title Apostolic Nuncio to Turkmenistan is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Turkey; he resides in Turkey.
Bok globule
In astronomy, Bok globules are isolated and relatively small dark nebulae containing dense cosmic dust and gas from which star formation may take place. Bok globules are found within H II regions, and typically have a mass of about two to 50 solar masses contained within a region about a light year or so across (about 4.5×1047 m3). They contain molecular hydrogen (H2), carbon oxides and helium, and around 1% (by mass) silicate dust. Bok globules most commonly result in the formation of double- or multiple-star systems.

Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud—sometimes called a stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within—is a type of interstellar cloud of which the density and size permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. This is in contrast to other areas of the interstellar medium that contain predominantly ionized gas.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H2 is carbon monoxide (CO). The ratio between CO luminosity and H2 mass is thought to be constant, although there are reasons to doubt this assumption in observations of some other galaxies.

Within molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps. These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.
2015 Super League Grand Final
The 2015 Super League Grand Final was the 18th official Grand Final and conclusive and championship-deciding match of the Super League XX season. It was held on Saturday 10 October 2015, at Old Trafford, Manchester, with a 6pm kick-off time. The sellout crowd of 73,512 at Old Trafford set a new Super League Grand Final attendance record, eclipsing the previous record of 72,575 established at the 2006 Super League Grand Final. British indie rock band The Charlatans headlined the pre-match and half-time entertainment.

The Leeds Rhinos were crowned champions after defeating the Wigan Warriors by 22-20. This meant that Leeds completed the treble by winning all of the major English domestic trophies - The Challenge Cup, the League Leaders' Shield and the Super League Grand Final.

Joe Burgess
Joe Burgess (born 14 October 1994) is an English rugby league footballer who plays as a winger for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League, and England at international level.

He previously spent two spells with the Wigan Warriors in the Super League, and has also played for the Sydney Roosters and the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL.
Uvdal
Uvdal is a village and former municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is situated in the traditional region of Numedal and is the location of the Uvdal Stave Church.

The municipality was created by a split from Nore on 1 January 1901. The new municipality, which was called Opdal at the time, had a population of 1,429. The name was changed to Uvdal on 22 January 1932 by royal resolution. In 1937, a part of Uvdal with 220 inhabitants was moved to Hol municipality. On 1 January 1962, Uvdal was reunited with Nore to form the new municipality Nore og Uvdal. Before the merger, Uvdal had 1,213 inhabitants.

Numedal
Numedal (Norwegian: [ˈnʉ̀ːmədɑːɫ]) is a valley and a traditional district in Eastern Norway located within the county of Buskerud. It traditionally includes the municipalities Flesberg, Nore og Uvdal and Rollag. Administratively, it now also includes Kongsberg.
Tselinograd District
Tselinograd District (Kazakh: Целиноград ауданы, Tselinograd audany) is the district that surrounds the city and country capital of Astana in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Akmol. Population: 58,350 (2009 census results); 42,068 (1999 census results). The district is under the control of Akmola Region.

Akmola Region
Akmola Region is a centrally located region of Kazakhstan. It was known as Tselinograd Oblast during Soviet rule. Its capital is Kökşetau. The national capital, Astana, is enclosed by the region, but is politically separate from Aqmola Region. The region's population is 715,000; Kökşetau's is 157,000.

Some gold and coal mining occur in the area.
Kal-Haven Trail
The Kal-Haven Trail, formally known as the Kal-Haven Trail Sesquicentennial State Park, is a rail trail in the US that originally ran 33.5 miles (53.9 km) between South Haven, Michigan, to a point just west of the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, where there is a trailhead. In 2008, the trail was extended east from the trailhead to downtown Kalamazoo as part of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail.

Kalamazoo River Valley Trail
The Kalamazoo River Valley Trail is a planned-to-be 35-mile non-motorized trail in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. It currently sits at 22 miles. A master plan for the Trail was completed and portions of the trail are finished and open to the public. A community campaign to raise $5.9 million, to be combined with committed government funds, is underway to secure the remaining dollars needed to finish the trail.
Derry/Londonderry name dispute
The names of the city and county of Derry or Londonderry in Northern Ireland are the subject of a naming dispute between Irish nationalists and unionists. Generally, although not always, nationalists favour using the name Derry, and unionists Londonderry. Legally, the city and county are called "Londonderry", while the local government district containing the city is called "Derry City and Strabane". The naming debate became particularly politicised at the outset of the Troubles, with the mention of either name acting as a shibboleth used to associate the speaker with one of Northern Ireland's two main communities. The district of Derry and Strabane was created in 2015, subsuming a district created in 1973 with the name "Londonderry", which changed to "Derry" in 1984.

Geographical renaming
Geographical renaming is the changing of the name of a geographical feature or area, which ranges from the change of a street name to a change to the name of a country. Places are also sometimes assigned dual names for various reasons.
Güllüce, Yüksekova
Güllüce (Kurdish: Sekran) is a neighborhood in Yüksekova in Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Dirî tribe and had a population of 1,098 in 2023. The hamlet of Bulgurlu is attached to the village.

Güllüce was a village until 2023.

Yüksekova
Yüksekova (Kurdish: Gever; Syriac: ܓܵܘܵܪ, romanized: Gāwār) is a municipality (belde) in the Yüksekova District of Hakkâri Province in Turkey and is the largest city in the province. The city is populated by Kurds of diverse tribal backgrounds, as well as non-tribal Kurds and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan. The city also had a sizeable Assyrian Christian population, whose numbers declined due to the Ottoman Empire's genocide of Assyrian Christians. Yüksekova had a population of 84,800 in 2023.
Bucegi Mountains
The Bucegi Mountains (Romanian: Munții Bucegi [ˈmuntsij buˈtʃedʒʲ] ⓘ) are located in central Romania, south of the city of Brașov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains. At 2,505 m (8,219 ft), Omu is its highest point.

To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope towards the popular tourist destinations in the Prahova Valley, such as Bușteni and Sinaia. At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into spectacular figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.

The Bucegi is believed to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon, on which the God Zalmoxis resided in a cave.

Southern Carpathians
The Southern Carpathians (also known as the Transylvanian Alps; Romanian: Carpații Meridionali [karˈpatsij ˌmeridi.oˈnalʲ]; Hungarian: Déli-Kárpátok) are a group of mountain ranges located in southern Romania. They cover the part of the Carpathian Mountains located between the Prahova River in the east and the Timiș and Cerna Rivers in the west. To the south they are bounded by the Balkan Mountains in eastern Serbia.
Vincenz Fettmilch
Vincenz Fettmilch (died 1616) was a grocer and gingerbread baker who led the Fettmilch uprising (1612–1616) of the guilds in Frankfurt-am-Main targeting the municipal council to determine the price of grain in an open market; disclose the special privileges of the aristocracy; and rob and expel Jews from the city whom he and his compatriots viewed as competition and usurers.

Fettmilch uprising
The Fettmilch uprising (German: Fettmilch-Aufstand) of 1614 was an antisemitic revolt in the Free imperial city of Frankfurt am Main, led by baker Vincenz Fettmilch. It was initially a revolt by the guilds against the mismanagement of the patrician-dominated city council, that culminated in the pillaging of the Frankfurter Judengasse (Jewish quarter) and the expulsion of Frankfurt's entire Jewish population, the worst outbreak of antisemitism in Germany between the fourteenth century and the 1930s. The uprising lasted from May until it was finally defeated in November through the intervention of the Holy Roman Emperor, the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and the Archbishop of Mainz.
Sunnyside, Morgantown, West Virginia
Sunnyside is a district of Morgantown in Monongalia County, West Virginia. It is located on a hillside along the Monongahela River, north of the downtown campus of West Virginia University.

Once a student-run community adjacent to the old Mountaineer football field, it has since been torn down and redeveloped by WVU.

Morgantown, West Virginia
Morgantown is a city in Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Monongahela River in north-central West Virginia, it is home to West Virginia University. With a population of 30,347 at the 2020 census, Morgantown is the third-most populous city in West Virginia. The Morgantown metropolitan area has an estimated 140,000 residents. The local economy is largely driven by education and healthcare, anchored by West Virginia University and the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.
Fuwayrit
Fuwayrit (Arabic: فويرط; also spelled as Fuwairat) is a Qatari coastal village in the municipality of Ash Shamal approximately 90 km (56 mi) north of the capital Doha. It is an important site for Qatar's oil industry. Archaeological evidence suggests that it may have been settled as early as the 16th century. Previously, it was one of the most important towns in the northern sector of Qatar, having served as the seat of power for the Al Thani who had migrated here during the 18th century, before relocating to Al Bidda (presently Doha) in 1847. According to tradition, Mohammed bin Thani, recognized as the first ruler of the Qatari Peninsula, was born here.

Ras Laffan Industrial City
Ras Laffan Industrial City (Arabic: راس لفان, romanized: Ra’s Lafān) is a Qatari industrial hub located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Doha. It is administered by QatarEnergy.

Ras Laffan Industrial City is Qatar's main site for production of liquefied natural gas and gas-to-liquid. It hosts among others ORYX GTL and Pearl GTL plants, QatarEnergy LNG plants, and the Dolphin gas processing plant, the Laffan Refinery, and Ras Laffan A, B, and C integrated water and power plants. With an enclosed water area of approximately 4,500 hectares Ras Laffan Port is the largest artificial harbour in the world and contains the world's largest LNG export facility.
Borane dimethylsulfide
Borane dimethylsulfide (BMS) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula BH3·S(CH3)2. It is an adduct between borane molecule (BH3) and dimethyl sulfide molecule (S(CH3)2). It is a complexed borane reagent that is used for hydroborations and reductions. The advantages of BMS over other borane reagents, such as borane-tetrahydrofuran, are its increased stability and higher solubility. BMS is commercially available at much higher concentrations than its tetrahydrofuran counterpart (10 M) and does not require sodium borohydride as a stabilizer, which could result in undesired side reactions. In contrast, BH3·THF requires sodium borohydride to inhibit reduction of THF to tributyl borate (B(OCH2CH2CH2CH3)3). BMS is soluble in most aprotic solvents.

Diborane
Diborane(6), commonly known as diborane, is the inorganic compound with the formula B2H6. It is a highly  toxic, colorless, and pyrophoric gas with a repulsively sweet odor. Given its simple formula, diborane is a fundamental boron compound. It has attracted wide attention for its unique electronic structure. Several of its derivatives are useful reagents.
Pomarea
Pomarea is a genus of birds in the monarch flycatcher family Monarchidae. The genus is restricted to the islands of Polynesia. The monarchs of this genus are around 15–19 cm long and most have sexually dimorphic plumage.

Monarch flycatcher
The monarchs or monarch flycatchers (family Monarchidae) comprise a family of over 100 passerine birds which includes shrikebills, paradise flycatchers, and magpie-larks.

Monarchids are small insectivorous songbirds with long tails. They inhabit forest or woodland across sub-Saharan Africa, south-east Asia, Australasia, and a number of Pacific islands. Only a few species migrate. Many species decorate their cup-shaped nests with lichen.
Piedmont Sanatorium
Piedmont Sanatorium was a rest home for tubercular African Americans in Burkeville, Virginia from 1917 to 1965. It was the first facility of its kind ever to be established in the United States. The Sanatorium later became the site of Piedmont Geriatric Hospital.

Blue Ridge Sanatorium
Blue Ridge Sanatorium was a sanatorium for the treatment of tuberculosis located outside of Charlottesville, Virginia, United States.

The site was originally known as Moore's Brook and was operated as a private mental institution. One of its central buildings, Lyman Mansion, dates to 1875. Dr. D. M. Trice served as the director of Moore's Brook and used the grounds as a farm to breed prizewinning Berkshire pigs. As of 1908, August Mencken, younger brother of H. L. Mencken, was doing civil engineering work at the institution.