hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1913 Grey by-election
The Grey by-election of 1913 was a by-election held for Grey during the 18th New Zealand Parliament. As no candidate won an absolute majority on the first ballot on 17 July, a second round was held on 24 July. The seat had become vacant due to the death of Arthur Guinness. Three candidates contested the seat, and it was won by the left-wing candidate, who was elected on the second ballot with Liberal support.

Grey (New Zealand electorate)
Grey, originally formed as Greymouth, is a former parliamentary electorate in the West Coast region of New Zealand. The electorate of Greymouth was created for the 1881 general election, and lasted until 1890. In 1890 the Grey electorate was created, and was abolished in 1919.
Kiess (crater)
Kiess is a lunar impact crater next to the southern border of the Mare Smythii, near the eastern limb of the Moon. It is located to the east of the crater Kästner, and to the north of Dale and Kreiken.

The interior floor of this crater has been flooded by lava, leaving only a narrow rim above the surface. This surface has a low albedo, and is as dark as the neighboring mare. There is a break in the northeastern rim of Kiess where the crater is nearly attached to the somewhat smaller Widmannstätten, another flooded formation. The overall shape of the rim is slightly elongated in longitude, but it is not overlaid by other craters of note. There are a low ridges on the western interior floor that are concentric to the inner wall.  Both Kiess and Widmannstätten have fractured floors.

The craters Kiess and Widmannstätten were referred to as Wright Brothers, such as by the crew of Apollo 17, prior to being officially named by the IAU in 1973.

Kreiken (crater)
Kreiken is a small lunar impact crater that is located near the eastern limb of the Moon. It lies to the south of the crater Kiess and the Mare Smythii. Just to the south-southwest is the smaller crater Elmer, and to the west is Dale.

Only the western part of this crater's rim survives nearly intact, the remainder forming a faint outline on the surface. There is a small crater lying across eastern rim. The interior floor is unremarkable, with no features of interest.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1973 after Dutch astronomer Egbert Adriaan Kreiken.
Steve Knightley
Steve Knightley (born 1954) is an English singer, songwriter and acoustic musician. Since 1992 he has been one half of folk/roots duo Show of Hands along with Phil Beer. Knightley was named "Songwriter of the Nineties" by BBC Radio 6 Music in 2012.

Sidmouth Folk Festival
There has been a folk festival in the coastal town of  Sidmouth in South West England in the first week of August every year since 1955, attracting tens of thousands of visitors to over 700 diverse events.

Sidmouth Folk Festival offers a wide range of activities including major folk concerts, pub sessions, workshops and  master classes, social dances and dance displays,  family entertainment and many children's musical and craft activities. The Late Night Extra feature is also run at Bulverton on the edge of Sidmouth next to the main campsite.

The festival patron is Martin Carthy.
Berlin–Dresden railway
The Berlin–Dresden railway is a double track, electrified main line railway in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, which was originally built and operated by the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft). It runs from Berlin through the southern Teltow countryside and then between Lower Lusatia and Fläming Heath through Elsterwerda and the Großenhainer Pflege countryside to Dresden.

Upgrades completed in December 2017 enabled maximum speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph). The traditional route through the southern suburbs of Berlin was reopened for long-distance trains in December 2025. Work is under way to allow speeds of 200 km/h (120 mph) on parts of the line.

Attilastraße station
Attilastraße station is on the Berlin–Dresden railway in the district of Tempelhof in the Berlin borough of Tempelhof-Schöneberg. It is served by Berlin S-Bahn line S2. It was opened in 1895 under the name of Mariendorf and electrified in 1939. It was renamed Attilastraße in 1992.
Nepean River railway bridge, Menangle
The Nepean River railway bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge that carries the Main Southern railway line across Menangle Road and the Nepean River located at the outer south-western Sydney settlement of Menangle in the Wollondilly Shire local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by John Whitton as the Engineer-in-Chief, of the New South Wales Government Railways and NSW Department of Public Works. The railway bridge was built in 1863 by Messers Peto, Brassey and Betts. It is also known as the Menangle rail bridge over the Nepean River and Menangle Railway Bridge. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Main Southern railway line
The Main Southern railway line (or Great Southern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs from Sydney to Albury, near the Victorian border. The line passes through the Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, South West Slopes and Riverina regions.
Economic Times Awards
The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence (also referred as ET Awards) are the awards conferred by The Economic Times in the field of business, corporate and government policies, economies in India. It is an annual awards, conferred in various categories. Since 2017, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India LLP (Deloitte) has been the title sponsor of the awards.

A. M. Naik
Anil Manibhai Naik (born 9 June 1942) is an Indian industrialist, philanthropist and the chairman emeritus of Larsen & Toubro, an Indian engineering conglomerate, and a former chairman of the National Skill Development Corporation.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's 3rd highest civilian award, in 2009. In 2019, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's 2nd highest civilian award. Naik is also the recipient of the 'Economic Times - Business Leader of the Year Award, for the year 2008.
Severyn Nalyvaiko
Severyn (Semerii) Nalyvaiko (Ukrainian: Северин (Семерій) Наливайко, Polish: Seweryn Nalewajko, in older historiography also Semen Nalewajko, died 21 April 1597) was a leader of an independent Ukrainian Cossack force who became a hero of Ukrainian folklore. He led the failed Nalyvaiko Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth for which he was tortured and executed in Warsaw. The Decembrist poet Kondraty Ryleyev wrote a poem about him.

Krzysztof Kosiński
Krzysztof Kosiński, also known as Kryshtof Kosynsky (Ukrainian: Криштоф Косинський; 1545–1593), was a Polish-Cossack noble from the Podlachia region. He was a colonel of the Registered Cossacks and self-proclaimed hetman. He led two consecutive rebellions against the local Ruthenian nobility, known as the Kosiński uprising.
Ceriana
Ceriana (locally Çeriana, Genoese: Çeriann-a) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Imperia. As of 2018, it had a population of 1,214 and an area of 32.1 square kilometres (12.4 sq mi).

Ceriana borders the following municipalities: Badalucco, Bajardo, Sanremo, and Taggia.

Taggia
Taggia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 110 kilometres (68 miles) southwest of Genoa and about 15 km (9 mi) west of Imperia. It has around 13,000 inhabitants.

Taggia borders the following municipalities: Badalucco, Castellaro, Ceriana, Dolcedo, Pietrabruna, Riva Ligure, and Sanremo. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
St. Thomas Aquinas High School (Connecticut)
St. Thomas Aquinas High School was a Roman Catholic senior high school in New Britain, Connecticut.

In 1995 the school established a board, Aquinas Foundation, which implemented fundraisers. Circa 1995 the school had  240 students. The enrollment declined further, and as of 1999 the fundraisers had not resulted in a lot of money going to the school. In the summer of 1999 there were fewer than 100 enrolled students for the upcoming school year, including only 11 9th grade (freshmen) students. In July 1999 the school announced it was closing as the enrollment was too low.

After the closure, the school building was abandoned. In 2016 land planning company TO Design LLC agreed to buy the building for $80,000.

New Britain, Connecticut
New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km) southwest of Hartford. The city is part of the Capitol Planning Region. According to the 2020 Census, the population of the city is 74,135.

Among the southernmost of the communities encompassed within the Hartford-Springfield Knowledge Corridor metropolitan region, New Britain is home to Central Connecticut State University and Charter Oak State College. The city was noted for its industry during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and notable sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places include Walnut Hill Park, developed by the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and Downtown New Britain.

The city's official nickname is the "Hardware City" because of its history as a manufacturing center and as the headquarters of Stanley Black & Decker. Because of its large Polish population, the city is often playfully referred to as "New Britski".
Arkhip Lyulka
Arkhip Mykhailovich Lyulka (Russian: Архип Михайлович Люлька, Ukrainian: Архип Михайлович Люлька; 23 March 1908 – 1 June 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer of jet engines, head of the OKB Lyulka, member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

National Aerospace University – Kharkiv Aviation Institute
The National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" (abbr.  KhAI, Ukrainian: Національний аерокосмічний університет «Харківський авіаційний інститут», romanized: Natsionalnyi aerokosmichnyi universytet «Kharkivskyi aviatsiinyi instytut», abbr.  ХАІ) is a  state-sponsored research university in Kharkiv, Ukraine which specializes in aviation and space engineering. The KhAI was founded in 1930.
Konstanz
Konstanz (/ˈkɒnstənts/ KON-stənts, US also /ˈkɔːnstɑːnts/ KAWN-stahnts, German: [ˈkɔnʃtants] ⓘ or [ˈkɔnstants] ⓘ, Alemannic German: [ˈkoʃd̥əts, ˈxoʃd̥əts]), traditionally known as Constance in English, is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Upper Lake Constance in the Baden-Württemberg state of south Germany. The city houses the University of Konstanz and was the residence of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Konstanz for more than 1,200 years.

Obersee (Lake Constance)
The Obersee (German pronunciation: [ˈoːbɐzeː] ⓘ, lit. 'Upper Lake'), also known as Upper Lake Constance, is the much larger of the two parts of Lake Constance, the other part being the Untersee (English: Lower Lake). The two parts are separated by the Bodanrück peninsula. The narrow, northwestern branch of Obersee is also called Überlinger See (English: Lake Überlingen).
Gokurakubashi Station
Gokurakubashi Station (極楽橋駅, Gokurakubashi-eki) is a junction passenger railway station in located in the town of Kōya, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Nankai Electric Railway.

Namba Station
Namba Station (難波駅, なんば駅, Nanba-eki) is a name shared by two physically separated railway stations in the Namba district of Chūō-ku, Osaka, Japan, operated by Nankai Electric Railway and the Osaka Metro. The name "Namba Station" can also refer to the entire station complex as a whole, including the similarly named JR Namba Station and Ōsaka Namba Station.

The names of both stations are written in hiragana on signage within the stations, because the kanji "難波" can be also read "Naniwa". However, the names of both stations officially employs kanji, printed on train tickets.
Surcharge (payment systems)
A payment surcharge, also known as checkout fee, is an extra fee charged by a merchant when receiving a payment by cheque, credit card, charge card, debit card or an e-money account, but not cash, which at least covers the cost to the merchant of accepting that means of payment, such as the merchant service fee imposed by a credit card company. Retailers generally incur higher costs when consumers choose to pay by credit card due to higher merchant service fees compared to traditional payment methods such as cash.

A surcharge may be prohibited by card issuers, such as Visa and MasterCard, but the enforcement of the prohibition is not uniform. Some jurisdictions have laws which require, allow, regulate or prohibit a merchant imposing a surcharge. If no surcharge is permitted, the merchant's costs are borne by the merchant, who may incorporate the burden in its prices. In some jurisdictions, when a customer pays with cash, the merchant may offer a discount.

Interchange fee
An interchange fee is a fee paid between banks for the acceptance of card-based transactions. Usually for sales/services transactions it is a fee that a merchant's bank (the "acquiring bank") pays a customer's bank (the "issuing bank").

In a credit card or debit card transaction, the card-issuing bank in a payment transaction deducts the interchange fee from the amount it pays the acquiring bank that handles a credit or debit card transaction for a merchant. The acquiring bank then pays the merchant the amount of the transaction minus both the interchange fee and an additional, usually smaller, fee for the acquiring bank or independent sales organization (ISO), which is often referred to as a discount rate, an add-on rate, or passthru. For cash withdrawal transactions at ATMs, however, the fees are paid by the card-issuing bank to the acquiring bank (for the maintenance of the machine).
A27 road
The A27 is a major road in England. It runs from its junction with the A36 at Whiteparish (near Salisbury) in the county of Wiltshire, follows the south coast of Hampshire and West Sussex, and terminates at Pevensey (near Eastbourne and Bexhill) in East Sussex.

It is the westernmost road in Zone 2 in the UK road numbering system.

Between Portsmouth and Lewes, it is one of the busiest trunk roads in the UK.

Shoreham-by-Sea
Shoreham-by-Sea (often shortened to Shoreham) is a coastal town and port in the Adur district, in the county of West Sussex, England. In 2011 it had a population of 20,547.

The town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the Adur Valley, and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast, approximately equidistant from the city of Brighton and Hove to the east and the town of Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of 2,430 acres (980 ha) and has a population of 20,547 (2011 census).
San Genesio ed Uniti
San Genesio ed Uniti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 km south of Milan and about 11 km northeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,567 and an area of 9.0 km2.

San Genesio ed Uniti borders the following municipalities: Borgarello, Bornasco, Giussago, Pavia, Sant'Alessio con Vialone, Zeccone.

Zeccone
Zeccone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 km south of Milan and about 10 km northeast of Pavia.

Zeccone borders the following municipalities: Bornasco, Giussago, San Genesio ed Uniti.
1997–98 Argentine Primera División
The 1997–98 Argentine Primera División was the 107th season of top-flight football in Argentina. The season ran from August 22, 1997, to June 8, 1998. Argentinos Juniors (champion of 1996–97 Primera B Nacional) and Gimnasia y Tiro were promoted from Primera B Nacional.

River Plate won the Apertura (29th. league title) while Vélez Sársfield won the Clausura (5th. title). On the other hand, Gimnasia y Tiro and Deportivo Español were relegated with the worst points averages.

Permanent squad numbers were established as mandatory by the AFA, starting in the 1997 Apertura. As the rule did not specify the use of number "1" for goalkeepers exclusively, forward Silvio Carrario wore that number for  Deportivo Español.

1996–97 Primera B Nacional
The 1996–97 Argentine Primera B Nacional was the 11th season of second division professional of football in Argentina. A total of 32 teams competed; the champion and runner-up were promoted to Argentine Primera División.
International E-road network
The International E-road network is a numbering system for roads in Europe, Central Asia and Asia Minor, developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The network is numbered from E1 up and signposted on a green background. Its roads cross national borders, consisting of three types of roads: highways, limited access roads, and ordinary roads (as defined by ECE/TRANS/SC.1/2016/3/Rev.1).

The display of European roads on signs depend on jurisdiction. In most countries, the roads carry the European route designation alongside national designations. However, Belgium, Denmark, Norway and Sweden have integrated them as their sole route designations (examples: E18 and E6) in most cases. Some places, such as the United Kingdom and Albania do not show the European designations at all.

Other continents have similar international road networks, e.g., the Pan-American Highway in the Americas, the Trans-African Highway network, and the Asian Highway Network.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in 1947 in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states.

The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States and Uzbekistan.
NBC Europe
NBC Europe (formerly Super Channel, and later NBC Channel) was a satellite television network based in the United Kingdom that broadcast across Europe, and it was picked up by various European cable systems where available.

The network was based in the heart of London, 19-22 Rathbone Place in the same building as Music Box, would later become the home of CNN International until 2007. For a number of months, the transmission facilities were provided by Molinare at Fouberts Place, and returned briefly until the Marcucci family acquired Melrose House, 14 Lanark Square in Limeharbour where it set up as a state-of-the-art broadcasting centre.

GIGA Television
GIGA was the brand name of a digital TV channel (also known as GIGA Digital or GIGA TV) and several German television shows. The channel ceased operations in 2009, the brand itself is still used as a website until today.
Tetraethoxymethane
Tetraethoxymethane is a chemical compound which is formally formed by complete ethylation of the hypothetical orthocarbonic acid C(OH)4 (orthocarbonic acid violates the Erlenmeyer rule and is unstable in the free state).

Orthocarbonic acid
Orthocarbonic acid (also known as methanetetrol) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H4CO4 or C(OH)4. Its molecular structure consists of a single carbon atom bonded to four hydroxyl groups. It would be therefore a fourfold alcohol. In theory, it could lose four protons to give the hypothetical oxocarbon anion orthocarbonate CO4−4, and is therefore considered an oxoacid of carbon.

Orthocarbonic acid is highly unstable and long held to be a hypothetical chemical compound. Calculations show that it decomposes into carbonic acid and water:

H4CO4 → H2CO3 + H2O

However, orthocarbonic acid was first synthesized in 2025 from the electron-irradiation of a frozen mixture of water and carbon dioxide and identified by mass spectrometry.

Researchers predict that orthocarbonic acid is stable at high pressure; thus, it may form in the interior of the ice giant planets Uranus and Neptune, where water and methane are common.
Zero-propellant maneuver
A zero-propellant maneuver (ZPM) is an optimal attitude trajectory used to perform spacecraft rotational control without the need to use thrusters. ZPMs are designed for spacecraft that use momentum storage actuators. Spacecraft ZPMs are used to perform large angle rotations or rate damping (detumbling) without saturating momentum actuators, and momentum dumping (from storage) without thrusters.

Control moment gyroscope
A control moment gyroscope (CMG) is an attitude control device generally used in spacecraft attitude control systems. A CMG consists of a spinning rotor and one or more motorized gimbals that tilt the rotor’s angular momentum. As the rotor tilts, the changing angular momentum causes a gyroscopic torque that rotates the spacecraft.
Robert Calef
Robert Calef (baptized 2 November 1648 – 13 April 1719) was a cloth merchant in colonial Boston. He was the author of More Wonders of the Invisible World, a book composed throughout the mid-1690s denouncing the recent Salem witch trials of 1692–1693 and particularly examining the influential role played by Cotton Mather.

Letter from Cotton Mather to William Stoughton, September 2, 1692
Reformed Christianity portal

Cotton Mather wrote a letter to judge William Stoughton dated September 2, 1692. Among the notable things about this letter is the provenance: it seems to be the last important correspondence from Mather to surface in the modern era, with the holograph manuscript not arriving in the archives for scholars to view, and authenticate, until sometime between 1978 and 1985.
Star Bandz
Star Ana Flowers (born March 31, 2008), known professionally as Star Bandz, is an American rapper from Chicago. She gained widespread recognition after being featured on Sugarhill Ddot's single "My Baby", which went viral on TikTok. Her debut studio album Estrella was released in 2024. She later collaborated with the OY member drill rapper DD Osama and made a song with him.

Veeze
Karon Malcolm Vantrees (born February 28, 1995), known professionally as Veeze, is an American rapper and singer. He pursued a recording career in 2017 and released his debut single, "Itself", in 2019. His debut mixtape, Navy Wavy, was released in September of that year. He signed with Warner Records to release his debut studio album, Ganger (2023), which peaked at number 97 on the Billboard 200. It was supported by the single "GOMD" (remixed featuring Lil Uzi Vert).

His 2024 single, "Sorry Not Sorry" (with Lil Yachty), marked his first entry on the Billboard Hot 100.