hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stability criterion
In control theory, and especially stability theory, a stability criterion establishes when a system is stable.  A number of stability criteria are in common use:

Circle criterion

Jury stability criterion

Liénard–Chipart criterion

Nyquist stability criterion

Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion

Vakhitov–Kolokolov stability criterion

Barkhausen stability criterion

Stability may also be determined by means of root locus analysis.

Although the concept of stability is general, there are several narrower definitions through which it may be assessed:

BIBO stability

Linear stability

Lyapunov stability

Orbital stability

Jury stability criterion
In signal processing and control theory, the Jury stability criterion is a method of determining the stability of a  discrete-time, linear system by analysis of the coefficients of its characteristic polynomial. It is the discrete time analogue of the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. The Jury stability criterion requires that the system poles are located inside the unit circle centered at the origin, while the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion requires that the poles are in the left half of the complex plane.  The Jury criterion is named after Eliahu Ibraham Jury.
Percy Cross
The Percy Cross (also Battle Stone) is located just off the A696, 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Otterburn, Northumberland, England. It was erected before 1400 to commemorate the Battle of Otterburn, which took place in 1388, and takes its name from Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland whose two sons took part in the battle.  The memorial was restored and re-erected in 1777, and again in modern day, to include signage. The Percy Cross is a sandstone memorial which includes a square stepped base, approximately 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in height and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in diameter.

The entire battlefield area is designated an Area of High Landscape Value and parts of it are contained within the Northumberland National Park. On 7 January 1988, Percy Cross became a Grade II listed building.

Battle of Otterburn
The Battle of Otterburn, also known as the Battle of Chevy Chase, took place according to Scottish sources on 5 August 1388, or 19 August according to English sources, as part of the continuing border skirmishes between the Scots and English.

The Scottish nobles James, 2nd Earl of Douglas and John Dunbar, Earl of Moray led their army toward Durham while Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas at the time Lord of Galloway, and Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, at the time Earl of Fife, coordinated a simultaneous attack on Carlisle Castle. It was timed to take advantage of divisions on the English side between Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland and Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland who had just taken over defence of the border and partly in revenge for King Richard II's invasion of Scotland three years previously.
Kurodashō, Hyōgo
Kurodashō (黒田庄町, Kurodashō-chō) was a town located in Taka District, Hyōgo, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,873 and a density of 222.78 persons per km2. The total area was 35.34 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Kurodashō was merged into the expanded city of Nishiwaki.

Nishiwaki, Hyōgo
Nishiwaki (西脇市, Nishiwaki-shi) is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2022, the city had an estimated population of 39,001 in 17210 households and a population density of 290 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 132.44 square kilometres (51.14 sq mi). The city calls itself "The Navel of Japan (Nihon no Heso)." Located at the crossing of the 135° East meridian and the 35° North parallel, the city's Nihon no Heso Park marks the center of the nation
Sixty-six (card game)
Sixty-six or 66 (German: Sechsundsechzig), sometimes known as Paderbörnern, is a fast 5- or 6-card point-trick game of the marriage type for 2–4 players, played with 24 cards. It is an ace–ten game where aces are high and tens rank second. It has been described as "one of the best two-handers ever devised".

Closely related games for various numbers of players are popular all over Europe and include Austria's national card game, Schnapsen, the Czech/Slovak Mariáš, Hungarian Ulti, Finnish Marjapussi and French Bezique. American pinochle also descends from this family. Together with the jack–nine family, these form the large king–queen family of games.

Marjapussi
Marjapussi is a traditional Finnish trick taking game for 4 players playing in 2 partnerships and is one of the Mariage family, its key feature being that the trump suit is determined in the middle of the play by declaring a marriage (a king and a queen of a same suit). There are variants of marjapussi for two and three players.
Didar Sandhu
Didar Sandhu was a noted Punjabi folk singer and songwriter from Punjab, India. He used to tie a turban on stage. He mostly sang duets with various noted Punjabi singers like Surinder Kaur and Amar Noorie.

Didar Sandhu fell ill due to alcohol consumption and was admitted to DMC hospital in Ludhiana in 1991 where he died on February 16.

Narinder Biba
Narinder Biba (Punjabi: ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਬੀਬਾ) was a Punjabi singer from Punjab, India. She was known for performing Punjabi folk songs, love ballads (including numbers by Mirza Sahiban and Sassi Punnun), and songs related to Sikh history, such as Saka Sirhind.
Shimotabaru Castle
Shimotabaru Castle (下田原城, Shimotabaru-jō) is a  Ryukyuan gusuku fortification located on Hateruma Island in the Yaeyama Islands (Taketomi, Okinawa Prefecture). Nanjō, Okinawa. The castle ruins were designated a National Historic Site in 2003.

Gusuku
Gusuku (グスク, 御城; Okinawan: gushiku) often refers to castles or fortresses in the Ryukyu Islands that feature stone walls. However, the origin and essence of gusuku remain controversial. In the archaeology of the Ryukyu Islands, the Gusuku period refers to an archaeological epoch of the Okinawa Islands that follows the shell-mound period and precedes the Sanzan period, when most gusuku are thought to have been built. Many gusuku and related cultural remains on Okinawa Island have been listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites under the title Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.
Pentamethylantimony
Pentamethylantimony or pentamethylstiborane is an organometalllic compound containing five methyl groups bound to an antimony atom with formula Sb(CH3)5.  It is an example of a hypervalent compound. The molecular shape is trigonal bipyramid. Some other antimony(V) organometallic compounds include pentapropynylantimony (Sb(CCCH3)5) and pentaphenyl antimony (Sb(C6H5)5). Other known pentamethyl-pnictides include pentamethylbismuth and pentamethylarsenic.

Pentamethylarsenic
Pentamethylarsenic (or pentamethylarsorane) is an organometalllic compound containing five methyl groups bound to an arsenic atom with formula As(CH3)5.  It is an example of a hypervalent compound. The molecular shape is trigonal bipyramid.
Maryborough Football Club
The Maryborough Football & Netball Club, nicknamed the Magpies, is an Australian rules football and netball club based in the town of Maryborough, Victoria.

The club is currently a member of the Bendigo Football Netball League. However, they have been in recess since 2025. They have applied to AFL Victoria to transfer to the Maryborough Castlemaine District Football League for 2026.

Ballarat Football League
The Ballarat Football League (BFL) is an Australian rules football competition that operates in the Ballarat region of Victoria.

The competition formed in 1893 as the Ballarat Football Association and was renamed Ballarat Football League in 1908 and was briefly known as the Ballarat-Wimmera Football League between 1934 and 1936.
Dixons Allerton Academy
Dixons Allerton Academy (formerly Rhodesway Academy) is a coeducational all-through school and sixth form located in Allerton area of the City of Bradford, in the English county of West Yorkshire.

Previously a community school administered by Bradford City Council, Rhodesway School converted to academy status in September 2009 and was renamed Dixons Allerton Academy. The school is now part of the Dixons Academy Trust, which includes Dixons City Academy, Dixons Kings Academy, Dixons McMillan Academy, Dixons Trinity Academy and Dixons Sixth Form Academy

Dixons Allerton Academy offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study from a range of A-levels and further BTECs.

Dixons Kings Academy
Dixons Kings Academy is a mixed free school for pupils aged 11 to 16 located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The school opened as the Kings Science Academy in September 2011 and was one of the first free schools to open in England. It cost £10,451,327 to build and, pays an annual rent of £296,000

The school was founded by Sajid Hussain Raza, the school's first principal, who was convicted of fraud in August 2016

The school "comes closest to David Cameron's vision of what a free school should be." The school leases the land from Alan Lewis, vice-chairman of the Conservative Party. It is on a 20 year lease.
New London, Wisconsin
New London is a city in Outagamie and Waupaca counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Founded in 1851, the population was 7,348 at the 2020 census.

The city has an annual Saint Patrick's Day Parade, Irish Fest, and week-long festivities, when the city's name is changed to "New Dublin" for the week. In 2022, Killaloe, County Clare, Ireland became New London's sister city (known in Ireland as Twinning).

Wolf River (Fox River tributary)
The Wolf River is a 225 mi (362 km) long tributary of the Fox River in northeastern Wisconsin in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The river is one of the two National Scenic Rivers in Wisconsin, along with the St. Croix River. The scenic portion is 24 miles (39 km) long.  The river and its parent the Fox River and associated lakes are known for their sturgeon which spawn every spring upstream on the lower river until blocked by the Shawano Dam. The river flows through mostly undeveloped forestland southerly from central Forest County in the north to Lake Poygan (west of Lake Winnebago) in the south. The lake is part of the Winnebago Pool of lakes fed by both the Fox and Wolf Rivers.  The Fox-Wolf basin is usually considered to be a single unified basin and the rivers themselves may be referred to as the Fox-Wolf River system.

The river is known in the Menominee language as Mahwāēw-Sēpēw, "wolf river".
Stoyan Koprivlenski
Stoyan Koprivlenski (born 21 June 1994) is a Bulgarian kickboxer, fighting out of Oostzaan, Netherlands. He currently competes in the -70kg divisions of Glory and K-1, where he is the 2024 K-1 World MAX Championship Tournament Final Champion. As of December 12, 2021, he is #1 in the official Glory lightweight rankings.

As of September 2022, Combat Press ranks him as the 10th best lightweight kickboxer in the world.

2018 in Glory
The year 2018 was the seventh year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. The year started with Glory 50: Chicago. The events were broadcast through television agreements with ESPN, Fight Network, and other regional channels around the world.
Rosetown, Saskatchewan
Rosetown is a town in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, at the junction of provincial Highway 7 and Highway 4, approximately 115 kilometres southwest of Saskatoon. The town's motto, "The Heart of the Wheat Belt", reflects its history of being a farming community. It is within the Rural Municipality of St. Andrews No. 287.

Rosetown is represented federally by the electoral district of Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek and provincialy by the electoral district of Rosetown-Elrose. Rosetown belongs to census division 12 for enumeration purposes.

Rosetown won the 2004 Provincial Communities in Bloom.

Division No. 12, Saskatchewan
Division No. 12 is one of the eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the west-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is Battleford.
Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
Lawrence County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,070. The county seat and largest city is New Castle.

The county was created on March 20, 1849, from parts of Beaver and Mercer counties. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.

Perry Township, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
Perry Township is a township in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,854 at the time of the 2020 census, a decline from the figure of 1,938 tabulated in 2010. It was originally incorporated in 1845 as part of Beaver County, and in 1849, joined the newly created Lawrence County.
Army Benevolent Fund
The Army Benevolent Fund, formerly ABF The Soldiers' Charity, is the national charity of the British Army. Since 1944, it has provided a lifetime of support to soldiers, veterans and their immediate families when they are in need.

In the financial year 22/23, the charity helped 70,000 people in 45 countries worldwide, and funded 74 other charities and organisations that deliver frontline services.

SSAFA
SSAFA, the Armed Forces charity, also known as the Soldiers', Sailors', and Airmen's Families Association, is a UK charity that provides trusted support to serving men and women and veterans from the British Armed Forces and their families or dependents. Anyone who is currently serving or has ever served in the Royal Navy, British Army or Royal Air Force and their families, both regulars and reserves, is eligible for their help.

SSAFA’s professional staff and network of more than 3400 volunteers assist more than 66,000 people every year, from World War II veterans to the families of young servicemen and women wounded or killed in Afghanistan.

Founded in 1885, SSAFA is the UK's oldest national tri-service Armed Forces charity.
Toberlyan
Toberlyan (from Irish usually given as Tobar Laighin, meaning either 'St Leynie's Well' or "The Well of the Spear" but probably more correctly Tobar Lann, meaning the 'Well of the Church' or Tobar Linn, meaning the 'Well of the Pool' or Tobar Loin, meaning the 'Well of the High Wet Mountain Flat') is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw. An old sub-division was called Melick (from Irish Míleac meaning 'The Marsh' (probably referring to the low-lying wet land bordering Coologe Lough on the south))

Coologe
Coologe (Irish derived place name either: Cúl Ó nGuaire meaning 'Guaire's Corner' or Cúl Ó Gabhair meaning "The Corner of the Goats") is a townland in the civil parish of Templeport, County Cavan, Ireland. It lies in the Roman Catholic parish of Templeport and barony of Tullyhaw.
Nokia SU-33W
Nokia SU-33W is a Nokia's Mobile TV Receiver. With this optional DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting for Handheld) 
it is possible to watch television on the screen of the phone. Many Nokia mobile phones with Bluetooth are compatible.

This functionality is integrated into Nokia N92, Nokia N77 and Nokia N96 mobile phones and Nokia 5330 Mobile TV Edition features DVB-T too.

A 1seg version of this is also available in some South American and Asian countries and sold as SU-33Wb (using the SBTVD standard).

Nokia 5330 Mobile TV Edition
Nokia 5330 Mobile TV Edition is a mobile phone from Nokia, announced on 16 November 2009. It features a DVB-H television receiver, and has been Nokia's only non-smartphone to do so. Its design is based on that of the Nokia 5330 XpressMusic, announced nine month earlier in 2009.
Romeoville, Illinois
Romeoville is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located 26 mi (42 km) southwest of Chicago on the Gateway Wetlands, directly west of the Des Plaines River and Historic U.S. Route 66 (now IL-53). Per the 2020 census, the population was 39,863. Once a small river port, Romeoville experienced rapid growth in the 1990s and 2000s. It is located between Bolingbrook and Joliet near Interstate 55 and Interstate 355.

Lockport Township High School
Lockport Township High School (LTHS) is a public high school in Lockport, Illinois, United States.

In addition to the city of Lockport and Lockport Township, Lockport Township High School also serves the communities of Homer Glen, most of Crest Hill, a section of unincorporated Orland Park and Homer Township. Over 3,900 students are enrolled in grades 9 through 12.
Tehachapi Pass
Tehachapi Pass is a mountain pass crossing the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, California. Traditionally, the pass marks the northeast end of the Tehachapis and the south end of the Sierra Nevada range.

The route is a principal connector between the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert. The Native American Kitanemuk people used the pass as a trade route before the American settlement of the region in the 19th century. The main line of the former Southern Pacific Railroad opened though the pass in 1876; the tracks are now owned by the Union Pacific Railroad and shared with BNSF Railway as the Mojave Subdivision. U.S. Route 466 was built in the 1930s, and the road is now State Route 58. The pass is also the route of the planned California High-Speed Rail line.

The Tehachapi Mountains are also crossed by Tejon Pass at the southwest end of the range.

San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley (/ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ⓘ SAN whah-KEEN; Spanish: Valle de San Joaquín) is the southern half of California's Central Valley. Famed as a major breadbasket, the San Joaquin Valley is an important source of food, producing a significant part of California's agricultural output.

San Joaquin Valley draws from nine counties of Northern and Central California, including all of San Joaquin and Kings counties, most of Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties, and parts of Madera and Tulare counties, along with a majority of Kern County. Although the valley is predominantly rural, it has four densely populated urban centers:  Stockton/Modesto, Fresno, Porterville/Visalia, and Bakersfield.
Stean
Stean is a small village in upper Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north of Pateley Bridge.

The village is located on Stean Beck, a tributary of the River Nidd.  Below Stean the beck flows through How Stean Gorge which includes a cave named after Tom Taylor, a highwayman who is rumoured to have hidden there.

How Stean Gorge
How Stean Gorge is a limestone gorge in Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England.  It forms a unit of the Upper Nidderdale Site of Special Scientific Interest.  The gorge lies between the villages of Stean and Lofthouse and extends for about a kilometre along the course of How Stean Beck, a tributary of the River Nidd.

The limestone here is an inlier in the millstone grit, which prevails on the surface in Nidderdale.  It is a subaerial gorge, some 15 to 20 metres deep, to which a series of vadose caves drain, a reversal of the usual pattern of underwater capture in a karst landscape.

One of the side caves, Tom Taylor's Cave, is said to be named after a local highwayman who sought refuge there.  It leads from the north side of the gorge and emerges in a nearby field.

The gorge and Tom Taylor's Cave have been operated as a tourist attraction since the 19th century.  The attraction now offers gorge walks and access to the cave, and also canyoning and a via ferrata.
Noise rock
Noise rock is a subgenre of rock music that originally emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Artists fuse rock music to noise, while utilizing extreme levels of guitar distortion and feedback, primarily through the use of electric guitars.

Amphetamine Reptile Records
Amphetamine Reptile Records (or AmRep Industries) is a record label founded in 1986 by Tom Hazelmyer in Washington state. The label specializes in noise rock and also released Strap It On, the debut album by alternative metal band  Helmet which sold more than 40,000 records. According to Hazelmyer, the success of the album was vital to keeping AmRep going throughout the 1990s, as it "helped support the other things that sold less." The label was the subject of the 2015 documentary The Color of Noise.
Fantasy-class cruise ship
The Fantasy class is a cruise ship class operated by Carnival Cruise Lines. The first vessel of the class, Carnival Fantasy, entered service in 1990. All eight vessels of the class were constructed by Kvaerner Masa-Yards, in Helsinki, Finland, at the Hietalahti shipyard.

In late 2006, Carnival Cruise Lines refurbished the Fantasy-class fleet under the program name "Evolutions Of Fun". This was completed in 2010 and cost $250 million.

Carnival Cruise Line
Carnival Cruise Line is an international cruise line with headquarters in Doral, Florida. The company is a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. Its logo is a funnel shaped like a whale's tail, with a red, white, and blue color scheme. This trademark funnel design is built onto the line's ships. Carnival is ranked first on the list of largest cruise lines based on passengers carried annually.

As of March 2025, Carnival Cruise Line operates a fleet of 29 ships with five new ships set to join between 2027 and 2033.
Lost Sounds
Lost Sounds was a dark wave band from Memphis, Tennessee that was formed in 1999. The band was made up of Rich Crook on drums, Patrick Jordan on bass, Jay Reatard on synth, guitar, and vocals, and Alicja Trout on synth, guitar, and vocals. The band, originally working within the garage rock genre, had a collection of analog keyboards Trout had used in her previous band, The Clears. The bizarre combination of new wave synths and mangled guitars showed a Punk rock influence as well.

The band frequently dealt with dark, apocalyptic themes ranging from the Book of Revelation ("Breathing Machine") to the Columbine High School massacre ("Blackcoats/Whitefear"). The band's last show was in May 2005 in Stuttgart, Germany, and they broke up right after. Rich Crook went on to write and record music in the band Lover! Former band members have since formed Sweet Knives as a self-described reboot of Lost Sounds, after Reatard died in 2010.

Jay Reatard
James Lee Lindsey Jr. (May 1, 1980 – January 12, 2010), known professionally as Jay Reatard, was an American musician from Memphis, Tennessee. He was signed to Matador Records. He released recordings as a solo artist and as a member of the Reatards and Lost Sounds.
T2 (producer)
T2 (born Tafadzwa Tawonezvi; born May 1988) is a British record producer.  His single "Heartbroken", featuring Jodie Aysha, hit No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart and was certified platinum by the BPI in 2022. T2 rewrote the lyrics of the tune late in 2007, in support of Ricky Hatton's boxing match against Floyd Mayweather. In 2008, T2 teamed up with Addictive to release "Gonna Be Mine". He has also worked with Dizzee Rascal, Pixie Lott, Craig David, Addictive, Gia and Rebecca Ferguson.

Addictive (English duo)
Addictive are an English musical duo based in East London, signed to 2NV Records, and consists of members Louise Bagan and Aisha Stuart. Both of them had plenty of singing experience, honing their skills in gospel choirs and talent shows.
Östgöta Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Östgöta Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Swedish: Östgöta luftvärnsregemente), also Lv 2, was a Swedish Army anti-aircraft unit that was active in various forms between 1938–1962. The unit was based in Linköping.

Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps
Gotland Anti-Aircraft Corps (Swedish: Gotlands luftvärnskår), also Lv 2, was a Swedish Army anti-aircraft unit that was active in various forms between 1944–2000. The unit was based in Visby on Gotland.