hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Apple Maps
Apple Maps is a web mapping service developed by Apple. As the default map system of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, visionOS, and watchOS, it provides directions and estimated times of arrival for driving, walking, cycling, and public transportation navigation. A "Flyover" mode shows certain urban centers and other places of interest in a 3D landscape composed of models of buildings and structures.

First released on September 19, 2012, Apple Maps replaced Google Maps as the default map system on Apple devices. At launch, it drew criticism from users and reviewers for incorrect directions, sparse data about public transportation, and various other bugs and errors. Apple has since further developed the software to address the issues raised by such criticism.

While previously exclusive to Apple devices, Apple released a cross-platform MapKit JS API in 2018, allowing Apple Maps to be embedded on the web.

As of July 2024, Apple Maps is available directly on Apple's website.

Web mapping
Web mapping or an online mapping is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps on the World Wide Web (the Web), usually through the use of Web geographic information systems (Web GIS). A web map or an online map is both served and consumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web cartography, it is an interactive service where consumers may choose what the map will show.
Orom (Kanjiža)
Orom (Serbian Cyrillic: Ором, Hungarian: Orom) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Kanjiža municipality, in the North Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority (94.23%), with a population of 1,561 people (2002 census).

Kanjiža
Kanjiža (Serbian Cyrillic: Кањижа, pronounced [kǎɲiʒa]) formerly Stara Kanjiža (Serbian Cyrillic: Стара Кањижа; Yiddish: קניזשא; Hungarian: Magyarkanizsa, formerly Kanizsa) is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Kanjiža town has a population of 8,067, while the Kanjiža municipality has 20,141 inhabitants (2022 census).
Riesz representation theorem
The Riesz representation theorem, sometimes called the Riesz–Fréchet representation theorem after Frigyes Riesz and Maurice René Fréchet, establishes an important connection between a Hilbert space and its continuous dual space. If the underlying field is the real numbers, the two are isometrically isomorphic; if the underlying field is the complex numbers, the two are isometrically anti-isomorphic. The (anti-) isomorphism is a particular natural isomorphism.

Transpose of a linear map
In linear algebra, the transpose of a linear map between two vector spaces, defined over the same field, is an induced map between the dual spaces of the two vector spaces. 
The transpose or algebraic adjoint of a linear map is often used to study the original linear map. This concept is generalised by adjoint functors.
Felix Endrich
Felix Endrich (5 December 1921 – 31 January 1953) was a Swiss bobsledder who competed in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he won the gold medal along with brakeman Fritz Waller in the two-man event at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz.

FIBT World Championships 1953
The FIBT World Championships 1953 took place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany for the third time after previously hosting the four-man event of the championships in 1934 and 1938. The event was marred by the death of Switzerland's Felix Endrich who won the two-man event gold medal only to die in competition during the four-man event a week later.
Kewaunee, Wisconsin
Kewaunee is a city in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,837 at the 2020 census. Located on the northwestern shore of Lake Michigan, the city is the county seat of Kewaunee County. Its Menominee name is Kewāneh, an archaic name for a species of duck. Kewaunee is part of the Green Bay metropolitan area.

Green Bay metropolitan area
The Green Bay metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan area in northeastern Wisconsin anchored by the City of Green Bay. It is Wisconsin's fourth largest metropolitan statistical area by population. As of the 2020 Census, the MSA had a combined population of 328,268.
Starlight, Pennsylvania
Starlight is a village that is located in Buckingham Township, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, United States. Crosstown Highway, which is entirely concurrent with Pennsylvania Route 370 (PA-370), is generally thought to be the southern edge of the village.

Wayne County, Pennsylvania
Wayne County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The county's population was 51,155 at the 2020 census. The county seat is the Borough of Honesdale. The county was formed from part of Northampton County on March 21, 1798, and was named for the Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania and Pocono Mountains region of the state.

The Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River, begins in southern Wayne County.
Self-ownership
Self-ownership, also known as sovereignty of the individual or individual sovereignty, is the concept of property in one's own person, expressed as the moral or natural right of a person to have bodily integrity and be the exclusive controller of one's own body and life. Self-ownership is a central idea in several political philosophies that emphasize individualism, such as libertarianism, liberalism, and anarchism.

Bodily integrity
Bodily integrity is the inviolability of the physical body and emphasizes the importance of personal autonomy, self-ownership, and self-determination of human beings over their own bodies. In the field of human rights, violation of the bodily integrity of another is regarded as an unethical infringement, intrusive, and possibly criminal.
The Velvet Hour
The Velvet Hour is a 2003 album by Bird York. It features the song "In the Deep" from the film Crash. Producers on this record include Michael Becker, Bird York, Thom Russo and Larry Klein. It also includes songs heard on CSI: NY, House, Everwood, Jake 2.0, in Seven Pounds and the John Cusack-produced feature Never Get Outta the Boat among others. This record was licensed by EMI from York's label Blissed Out Records in 2006 and rereleased with minor changes as Wicked Little High. York was nominated for an Oscar in 2006 for her song "In the Deep" (which was commissioned by director Paul Haggis for Crash) and performed the song at that year's Oscar ceremony.

Kathleen York
Kathleen "Bird" York is an American actress, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated singer-songwriter recording artist. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "In the Deep" from the 2004 film Crash.
Chai Wan station
Chai Wan (Chinese: 柴灣) is the eastern terminus of the MTR Island line on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is the only station on the Island line that is elevated. The station is located at the junction of Chai Wan Road and Island Eastern Corridor, and serves Siu Sai Wan and Chai Wan, a primarily residential and industrial town. The bus terminus nearby has bus and minibus routes to Siu Sai Wan and Stanley, as well as the nearby residential developments. Chai Wan was also the southernmost railway station in Hong Kong, prior to the opening of Lei Tung station on the South Island line on 28 December 2016.

There were no platform screen doors when this station was opened, but the MTR Corporation has retrofitted automatic platform gates on both platforms in 2011.

Chai Wan
22°16′N 114°14′E﻿ / ﻿22.27°N 114.24°E﻿ / 22.27; 114.24

Chai Wan (/ˌtʃaɪ ˈwɑːn/; Chinese: 柴灣), formerly known as Sai Wan (西灣), lies at the east end of the urban area of Hong Kong Island next to Shau Kei Wan. The area is administratively part of the Eastern District, and is a mosaic of industrial and residential areas. The population was 186,505 in 2001.
50 Street, Edmonton
50 Street is the designated name of two major arterial roads in east Edmonton, Alberta. Separated by the North Saskatchewan River, it is mostly straight, and runs the entire south-north length of Edmonton as well as the suburb of Beaumont. The Yellowhead Trail and 50 Street junction formerly was the start of Highway 15, it went north to Manning Drive, which it follows from there. Highway 814 used follow 50 Street between Edmonton and Beaumont, until the Beaumont government took control of the road. The northside section of 50 Street is presently segmented by the developing community of Cy Becker with grading in place for a future interchange at Anthony Henday Drive; however, there is no timeline for construction.

Prior to Whitemud Drive being extended to Anthony Henday Drive (Highway 216), 50 Street between Whitemud Drive and Sherwood Park Freeway was designated as part of Highway 14.

Alberta Highway 14
Highway 14 is an east-west highway in central Alberta, Canada. It stretches from Edmonton through Wainwright to the Alberta–Saskatchewan border, running parallel to the more northern Highway 16. Highway 14 is about 245 kilometres (152 mi) long.

Along with Saskatchewan Highway 40 (with which it connects at the boundary), it forms part of the Poundmaker Trail, named after Chief Poundmaker of the Cree.
Monigo concentration camp
The Monigo concentration camp was a prison camp opened during World War II aimed at civilian prisoners (mostly Slovenes and Croats). It was located in Monigo, a suburb of the town of Treviso. The camp was active between 1942 and 1943. The total number of inmates is not certain, but is estimated in a total of around 10,000, with an average number of 2,582 prisoners at a time (maximum 3,374). The camp often surpassed its full capacity of 2,400 (as stated by Italian military authorities).

Treviso
Treviso (US: /treɪˈviːzoʊ/ tray-VEE-zoh; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ⓘ; Venetian: Trevixo [tɾeˈvizo]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 87,322 inhabitants (as of December 2024). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls (le Mura) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000.

The province is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton, Sisley, Stefanel, Geox, Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia, appliance maker De'Longhi, and bicycle maker Pinarello.

Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio, and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù.
Shishtavec (administrative unit)
Shishtavec (Albanian: Komuna Shishtavec) is a former municipality in Kukës County, Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kukës. The population at the 2023 census was 2,237.

The municipal unit consists of the following villages:

Shishtavec

Novosej

Kollovoz

Shtrezë

Borje

Oreshkë

Cërnalevë

Kukës
Kukës (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈkukəs]; Albanian definite form: Kukësi) is a city in Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding municipality of Kukës and county of Kukës, one of 12 constituent counties of the republic. It spans 8.2 km2 (3.2 sq mi) and had a total population of 15,643 people as of 2023.

Geologically, the surrounding area is dominated by mountainous and high terrain. The city sprawls across the Luma Plain within the Albanian Alps between the banks of Lake Fierza and the hills of the northernmost Korab Mountains and westernmost Sharr Mountains. At the confluence of the Black and White Drin, the Drin River originates close to the city's territory.
Heletz
Heletz (Hebrew: חֶלֶץ) is a moshav in southern Israel. Located between Ashkelon, Kiryat Gat and Sderot, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hof Ashkelon Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 504.

Hof Ashkelon Regional Council
Hof Ashkelon Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית חוף אשקלון, Mo'atza Azorit Hof Ashkelon, lit. Ashkelon Coast Regional Council) is a regional council in the Southern District of Israel. As of the year 2019, its population is around 18,000.

The council is bordered to the north by Be'er Tuvia Regional Council, to the east by the Be'er Tuvia, Lakhish, Shafir and Yoav Regional Councils, to the south by Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council and the Gaza Strip, and to the west by Ashkelon and the Mediterranean Sea. Its average elevation is 54 meters above the sea level.
Ignorantia juris non excusat
In law, ignorantia juris non excusat (Latin for 'ignorance of the law excuses not'), or ignorantia legis neminem excusat ('ignorance of law excuses no one'), is a legal principle holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely by being unaware of its content.

European-law countries with a tradition of Roman law may also use an expression from Aristotle translated into Latin: nemo censetur ignorare legem ('nobody is thought to be ignorant of the law') or ignorantia iuris nocet ('not knowing the law is harmful').

Mistake of law
Mistake of law is a legal principle referring to one or more errors that were made by a person in understanding how the applicable law applied to their past activity that is under analysis by a court.  In jurisdictions that use the term, it is differentiated from mistake of fact.

There is a principle of law that "ignorance of the law is no excuse." In criminal cases, a mistake of law is not a recognized defense, though such a mistake may in very rare instances fall under the legal category of "exculpation". In criminal cases a mistake of fact is normally called simply, "mistake".
Scindia Ghat
Scindia Ghat (Hindi: सिंधिया घाट) is one of the ghats in Varanasi and borders Manikarnika, a place of Hindu cremation, to the north. At this ghat, a tilted Shiva temple can be found lying partially submerged in the Ganges River and it is argued that this ghat collapsed under its own excessive weight. The ghat is named after the Scindias, who built it in 1830. Above the ghat, several of Kashi’s most influential shrines are located within the tight maze of alleys of Siddha Kshetra (Field of Fulfillment). According to mythology, Agni, the Hindu God of Fire, was born here. Hindu devotees propitiate at this place to Vireshwara, the Lord of all heroes, for a son.

Ghats in Varanasi
Ghats in Varanasi are riverfront steps leading to the banks of the Ganges river. The city has 84 ghats. Most of the ghats are bathing and puja ceremonial ghats, while two ghats, Manikarnika and Harishchandra, are used exclusively as cremation sites.

Most of the ghats in Varanasi were rebuilt in the 18th century under the Maratha patronage. The patrons of current ghats were Maharajas of Benares, Marathas, Shindes (Scindias), Holkars, Bhonsles and Peshwes (Peshwas). Many ghats are associated with legends or mythologies while other ghats have private histories and users. A morning boat ride on the Ganges along the ghats is a popular visitor attraction.
Büyük Doğu (magazine)
Büyük Doğu (Turkish: The Great East) was one of the early Islamist political publications in Turkey. It was started as a daily newspaper and later relaunched as a weekly magazine. Büyük Doğu was "one of two outlets of the Cold War Islamic thought in Turkey." The publication was a platform for its founder, Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, to disseminate his arguments and views. It was in circulation between 1943 and 1978 with some intervals and produced a total of 512 issues. Büyük Doğu was closed down by the authorities thirteen times during its thirty-five-year run.

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
Ahmet Necip Fazıl Kısakürek (May 26, 1904 – May 25, 1983) was a Turkish poet, novelist, playwright, Islamist ideologue, and conspiracy theorist. He is also known simply by his initials NFK. He was noticed by the French philosopher Henri Bergson, who later became his teacher.
Fawcett Publications
Fawcett Publications was an American publishing company founded in 1919 in Robbinsdale, Minnesota, by Wilford Hamilton "Captain Billy" Fawcett (1885–1940).

It kicked off with the publication of the bawdy humor magazine Captain Billy's Whiz Bang and expanded into a magazine empire with the first issue of Mechanix Illustrated in the 1920s, followed by numerous titles including True Confessions, Family Circle, Woman's Day, and True. Fawcett Comics, which began operating in 1939, led to the introduction of Captain Marvel. The company became a publisher of paperbacks in 1950 with the opening of Gold Medal Books.

In 1953, the company abandoned its roster of superhero comic characters in the wake of declining sales and a lawsuit for infringement by the Captain Marvel character on the copyright of the Action Comics character Superman, and ended its publication of comic books. It was purchased by CBS Publications in 1977 and subsequently was dismantled and absorbed by other companies.

Wilford Fawcett
Wilford Hamilton Fawcett (/ˈfɔːsɪt/; April 29, 1885 – February 7, 1940), also known as Captain Billy, was an American magazine publisher and sports shooter. He competed in the trap event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
LaSalle Vipers
The LaSalle Vipers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in LaSalle, Ontario, Canada.  They play in the Western division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League.  As a franchise, the Vipers are two-time Sutherland Cup provincial champions, two-time Great Lakes champions and five-time Western Ontario champions.

Elmira Sugar Kings
The Elmira Sugar Kings are a junior hockey team based in Elmira, Ontario, Canada. The Sugar Kings compete as a member of the Western Conference in the Greater Ontario Hockey League (GOHL), which serves as the official development league of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). They currently play at the Dan Snyder Arena inside the Woolwich Memorial Centre. The Sugar Kings are six-time Cherrey Cup Champions (1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2008, 2011, 2015), four-time Sutherland Cup Champions (1997, 2001, 2011, 2017) and two-time Regular Season Champions (2001, 2011).
Giovanni Boggi
Giovanni Boggi (died 1832) was an Italian engraver and painter, in his artistic prime in the 1820s. Several of his works are on display at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. He was especially noted for his portraits of important Greek people, particularly from the War of Greek Independence, including  Markos Botsaris, a Souliote captain, and Theodoros Kolokotronis (1825). He also made portraits of Francesco Algarotti and Luigi Lanzi.

Francesco Algarotti
Count Francesco Algarotti (11 December 1712 – 3 May 1764) was an Italian polymath, philosopher, poet, essayist, anglophile, art critic and art collector. He was a man of broad knowledge, an expert in Newtonianism, architecture and opera. He was a friend of Frederick the Great and leading authors of his times: Voltaire, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis and the atheist Julien Offray de La Mettrie. Lord Chesterfield, Thomas Gray, George Lyttelton, Thomas Hollis, Metastasio, Benedict XIV and Heinrich von Brühl were among his correspondents.
Cave Island
Cave Island is an island marked by a large cavern in its south side, which is the second largest of the Meade Islands lying in the north entrance to McFarlane Strait, off Archar Peninsula on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands.  It is separated from neighbouring Zverino Island to the west-southwest by the 110 m wide Glogovo Passage.

The name Cave Rock appears to have been applied by DI personnel on the Discovery II who charted the feature in 1935.

Zverino Island
Zverino Island (Bulgarian: остров Зверино, romanized: ostrov Zverino, IPA: [ˈɔstrov zvɛriˈnɔ]) is the largest and westernmost island in the Meade group lying in the north entrance to McFarlane Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is extending 1.2 km (0.75 mi) by 700 m (2,300 ft), with surface area of 48 hectares (120 acres), and is snow-free in summer.

The island is named after the settlement of Zverino in Western Bulgaria.
Ranichuri
Ranichuri  was a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7,170 people living in 1,229 individual households. It is currently Ward No. 11 and 12 of Kamalamai Municipality.

Kamalamai
Kamalamai (Nepali: कमलामाई) is a municipality in Sindhuli District of Bagmati Province in Nepal. It has a total area of 482.57 km2. In terms of area, it is the largest municipality of Bagmati Province and 6th largest municipality of Nepal. At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, it had a population of 71,016 people in 18,135 households. Sindhulimadhi, commonly referred to simply as Sindhuli, serves as both the administrative center of the municipality and the headquarter of Sindhuli District.

The municipality was established on 27 March 1997 (14 Chaitra 2053 B.S) and further expanded on 10 March 2017 (27 Falgun 2073 B.S).

The historic Sindhuli Gadhi fort lies within the municipality on the Mahabharat Hills north of Sindhulimadhi. The iconic BP Highway passes through the municipality.
Rugby union in Japan
Rugby union in Japan is a moderately popular sport. It is regarded as the third-largest team sport in the country, behind baseball and football. The sport was introduced into the country in the 19th century and has since led to Japan being a powerhouse of rugby in Asia. Japan has the fourth-largest population of rugby union players in the world at around 126,000, as well as 3,631 official rugby clubs. The Japan national team has qualified for every Rugby World Cup (RWC) since its inception in 1987, and, until 2027, was the only Asian team to have qualified for the tournament. The Japan men's national team achieved their highest World Rugby Ranking of 7th at the 2019 Rugby World Cup, for which they were the host nation, the first-ever Asian hosts of a Rugby World Cup.

All-Japan University Rugby Championship
The All-Japan University Rugby Football Championships (全国大学ラグビーフットボール選手権大会 – Zenkoku Daigaku Ragubi- Futtobo-ru Senshuken Taikai) have been held annually since 1964 to determine the top university rugby team.

In 1964 only 4 teams competed. From 1965 to 1992 there were 8 teams and finally expanding to 16 teams from 1993 onwards.
Don Weser
Donald Gordon Weser (born 8 February 1937) is a retired Australian Test cricket match umpire, from Western Australia.

He umpired 3 Test matches between 1979 and 1980. His first match was between Australia and England at Sydney from 10 to 14 February 1979, won by England by 9 wickets, thus retaining The Ashes. Australian captain Graham Yallop scored 121 of the first innings total of 198, but the rest of the batting in both innings failed against Ian Botham, John Emburey and Geoff Miller. Weser's partner was fellow debutant Tony Crafter.

Weser's last Test match was between Australia and New Zealand at Perth on 12 to 14 December 1980, won by Australia by 8 wickets, with a bowling attack of Dennis Lillee, Rodney Hogg, Len Pascoe, and Jim Higgs proving too powerful. Weser's colleague was again Tony Crafter.

Weser also umpired 8 One Day International (ODI) matches between 1979 and 1981.

Underarm bowling incident of 1981
The underarm bowling incident of 1981 is a sporting controversy that took place on 1 February 1981, when Australia played New Zealand in a One Day International cricket match, the third in the best-of-five final of the 1980–81 World Series Cup, at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

With one ball of the final over remaining in the match, New Zealand required a six to tie the match. To ensure that New Zealand were unable to achieve this, the Australian captain Greg Chappell instructed his bowler (and younger brother) Trevor Chappell to deliver the last ball to batsman Brian McKechnie underarm along the ground. Trevor did so, forcing McKechnie to play the ball defensively, meaning Australia won. This action, although legal at the time, was nevertheless widely perceived as being wholly against the traditional spirit of cricketing fair play.

The outrage caused by the incident eventually led to an official amendment to the international laws of cricket to prevent it from occurring again.