hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rudbjerg
Until 1 January 2007 Rudbjerg was a municipality (Danish, kommune) on the southwest coast of the island of Lolland in the former Storstrøm County, southern Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 143 km², and had a total population of 3,432 (2005).  Its last mayor was Tom Larsen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was Dannemare.

Rudbjerg municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Holeby, Højreby, Maribo, Nakskov, Ravnsborg, and Rødby municipalities to form the new Lolland municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 892 km² and a total population of 49,469 (2005).   The new municipality belongs to Region Sjælland (Zealand Region).

Nakskov
Nakskov is a market town on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. The town has a population of 12,200 (1 January 2025) and is the largest town on the island of Lolland. It is located in Lolland municipality in Region Sjælland.

Nakskov is situated on the western coast of the island of Lolland, one of the agriculturally richest of the Danish islands. It lies adjacent to the inner part of the Nakskov Fjord, an inlet from the Langeland Belt (Langelandsbælt) that runs between the islands of Lolland and Langeland. Nakskov Fjord is a wildlife reserve, known for its bird life. Nakskov is one of the most environmentally conscious and cleanest towns of Denmark. Technological and environmental enterprises have replaced the earlier heavy industries, and in recent years, local government has restored the town.
Econet Global
Econet, officially known as Econet Group, is a diversified telecommunications group with operations and investments in Africa, Europe, South America and the East Asia Pacific Rim, offering products and services in the core areas of mobile and fixed telephony services, broadband, satellite, optical fiber networks and mobile payment.

The group's subsidiaries include Econet Wireless, Cassava Technologies and Cassava Smartech.

Steward Bank
Steward Bank, whose official name is Steward Bank Limited, is a commercial bank in Zimbabwe. It is one of the regulated banking institutions licensed by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, the central bank and national banking regulator.
District of Keewatin
The District of Keewatin was a territory of Canada and later an administrative district of the Northwest Territories. It was created in 1876 by the Keewatin Act, and originally it covered a large area west of Hudson Bay. In 1905, it became a part of the Northwest Territories and in 1912, its southern parts were adjoined to the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, leaving the remainder, now called the Keewatin Region, with a population of a few thousand people. On April 1, 1999, the Keewatin Region was formally dissolved, as Nunavut was created from eastern parts of the Northwest Territories, including all of Keewatin.

The name Keewatin comes from Algonquian roots—either kīwēhtin (ᑮᐍᐦᑎᐣ) in Cree or giiwedin (ᑮᐌᑎᓐ) in Ojibwe—both of which mean 'north wind' in their respective languages. In Inuktitut, it was called Kivalliq (ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ)—a name which persists as the Kivalliq Region in Nunavut.

District of Ungava
The District of Ungava was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories from 1895 to 1920, although it effectively ceased operation in 1912. It covered the northern portion of what is today Quebec, the interior of Labrador, and the offshore islands to the west and north of Quebec, which are now part of Nunavut.

The name "Ungava" is of Inuktitut origin, meaning "towards the open water". It is believed to be in reference to the lands inhabited by the Ungava Inuit, who lived at the mouth of the Arnaud River which flows into Ungava Bay.
Lajos Thallóczy
Lajos Thallóczy (born Ludwig Strommer, also known as Ludwig von Thallóczy; 8 December 1857 – 1 December 1916) was a Hungarian historian, a politician and diplomat, the head of the joint finance department of the Dual Monarchy, a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the president of the Hungarian Historical Society from 1913 to 1916 and a renowned albanologist. As a diplomat in Austria-Hungary he played a very significant role in the Balkans as he was considered an expert on the history of the region. He was one of the most important advisers to Gyula Andrássy and Béni Kállay in questions of Balkan policy and even to the emperor Franz Joseph and to the minister of the government. His academic work has produced respected results in the study of south Slavic countries and he is regarded as the founder of modern Hungarian researches of the Balkans.

Milan Šufflay
Milan Šufflay (8 November 1879 – 19 February 1931) was a Croatian historian and politician. He was one of the founders of Albanology and the author of the first Croatian science fiction novel. As a Croatian nationalist, he was persecuted in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and his murder subsequently caused an internationally publicized affair.
Kamianka Sich
The Kamianka Sich or Kamianska Sich (Ukrainian: Кам'янська Січ, romanized: Kamjans'ka Sich) was an administrative and military centre of the Zaporozhian Cossacks during its time under the protection of the Crimean Khanate in the first third of the 18th century. The name of the Sich, which is used in historical and local history literature, is explained by the fact that it was located at the mouth of the right tributary of the river Dnipro: the Kamianka, near the village of Respublikanets in Kherson Oblast.

Sich
A sich (Ukrainian: січ), was an administrative and military centre of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The word sich derives from the Ukrainian verb сікти sikty, "to chop" – with the implication of clearing a forest for an encampment or of building a fortification with the trees that have been chopped down.

The Zaporozhian Sich was the fortified capital of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, located on the Dnieper, in the 16th–18th centuries in the area of what is now Ukraine. The Sich Rada was the highest organ of government in the Zaporozhian Host, or army of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The Danubian Sich was the fortified settlement of those Zaporozhian Cossacks who later settled in the Danube Delta.
Journal of Official Statistics
The Journal of Official Statistics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes papers related to official statistics. It is published by Statistics Sweden, the national statistical office of Sweden. The journal was established in 1985, when it replaced the Swedish language journal Statistisk Tidskrift (Statistical Review), which had been published by Statistics Sweden since 1860 (with a hiatus between 1914 and 1952). It publishes four issues each year.

Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (Swedish: Statistiska centralbyrån [staˈtɪ̌sːtɪska sɛnˈtrɑ̂ːlˌbyːrɔn] ⓘ; SCB, lit. 'Central Bureau of Statistics') is the Swedish government agency operating under the Ministry of Finance and responsible for producing official statistics for decision-making, debate and research. The agency's responsibilities include:

developing, producing and disseminating statistics;

active participation in international statistical cooperation;

coordination and support of the Swedish system for official statistics, which includes 26 authorities responsible for official statistics in their areas of expertise.

National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Tabellverket ("office for tabulation"), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
Josefina Wikberg
Josefina Wikberg (born 8 July 1982) is a Swedish adventure racer and ski mountaineer. She is a member of the Swedish National Teams in both sports. In 2014, she placed second in the two-day Keb Classic with teammates Charlotte Kalla, multiple cross-country World and Olympic Champion, and Emelie Forsberg, three-time Skyrunner World Series winner in the Ultra discipline.

Forsberg has won the Vértex Vinter solo event twice and the duo event also three times.

Charlotte Kalla
Marina Charlotte Kalla (Swedish pronunciation: [ɧaˈɭɔtː ˈkâlːa] ⓘ; born 22 July 1987) is a Swedish Tornedalian retired cross-country skier. A four-time Olympian, Kalla won three golds and nine medals overall at the Olympics between 2004 and 2022. She holds the joint record as Sweden's most decorated Olympic competitor and is the all-time leader among Swedish female athletes. She is also a 13-time medalist at the World Championships, including a gold medal at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 10 km freestyle event in Falun. This made Kalla the first Swedish female cross-country skier to win individual golds in both the Olympics and World Championships. In 2008, Kalla won the Jerring Award for her Tour de Ski win.

She retired from competitive skiing after the Swedish Championships in March 2022.
Stark City, Missouri
Stark City is a town in Newton County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Stark City had a population of 125. It is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is adjacent to the battlefield of the Second Battle of Newtonia.

Joplin metropolitan area
The Joplin, Missouri-Kansas, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Jasper, Newton, and  Cherokee counties in southwest Missouri and southeast Kansas anchored by the city of Joplin. The estimated 2024 population of the Joplin, MO-KS (MSA) is 207,131. As of March 2023, The U.S. Census Bureau MSA delineation report added Cherokee County, Kansas to the Joplin, MO MSA making it the Joplin, MO-KS MSA.

The Joplin–Miami, MO–KS-OK, Combined Statistical Area (CSA) includes the Miami, Oklahoma micropolitan statistical area,  As of 2024, the Joplin-Miami (CSA) estimated population is 237,535.
Taxus sumatrana
Taxus sumatrana, or the Sumatran yew, is a large evergreen shrub and one of the eight species of yew. Its taxonomic namesake is indicative of the species being found in Indonesia (specifically, the island of Sumatra); however, T. sumatrana is also found in a number of South and Southeast Asian countries, including parts of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Tibet.: 351  Given this broad geographical range, it is also known as the Taiwan yew, the Chinese yew, as well as the East Himalayan yew. Plants of the World Online recognizes T. sumatrana as a synonym of Taxus wallichiana.

T. sumatrana is typically found at elevations ranging from 400 to 3,100 m and mainly in subtropical forests or on highland ridges. It is a government-protected species in Taroko National Park in Taiwan.

Taxus
Taxus is a genus of coniferous trees or shrubs known as yews in the family Taxaceae. Yews occur around the globe in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, northernmost in Norway and southernmost in the South Celebes. Some populations exist in tropical highlands.

The oldest known fossil species are from the Early Cretaceous.
Louise Mauger
Louise Mauger (1598 – March 1690) was one of the pioneers in the French colonial settlement of Montreal in North America.

Mauger was born abt 1598 in St-Martin d'Igé, ev. Sees, Perche, France and married to Pierre Gadoys (1594–1667) before September 15, 1628 in France. Three of their children are known: Roberte (1621–1716) who in 1650 married the pioneer Louis Prud’homme: Pierre (1632–1714), born in France, died at Montreal; and Jean-Baptiste (1641–1728) born at Quebec City, died at Montreal; both the sons were gunsmiths. Their descendants have survived to the present day. Louise Mauger was buried on March 18, 1690 in Montreal.

Without naming her, the Fermière Monument in Montreal is an homage to Louise Mauger. She is depicted as a market gardener of the 17th century.

Pierre Gadoys
Pierre Gadoys (c. 1594 – October 1667) is recognized as the first farmer at Montreal.

Gadoys first came to New France as part of a settlement initiative by Robert Giffard de Moncel who was heavily involved in the colonization of the emerging colonies at the time. Records have him living in the colony at Quebec in 1636 employed by the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal at Sainte-Foy from 1643 to 1645.

Gadoys and his family moved to Montreal shortly after this time since in 1648, the governor, Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve made the first land grant in Ville Marie to him. François Dollier de Casson, the author of the Histoire du Montréal, referred to him as the first farmer of Ville Marie.

In 1661, he fought with Charles le Moyne against the Iroquois. After his death Saint-Pierre street was named in his honour.

Pierre Gadoys was married to Louise Mauger in the 1620s and they had three children who are known to historians. One, Pierre Gadois, gained notability in Canadian history.
John Roxborough (boxing manager)
John Walter Roxborough (February 21, 1892 - December 13, 1975) was an American bookmaker, boxing manager and professional sports gambler who, alongside boxing promoter Julian Black, managed the career of Joe Louis. Roxborough and Black were responsible for developing Louis' public image from Louis' rise from amateur status to the end of his heavyweight career in 1949.

Joe Louis
Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis has the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.

Louis's cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first African-American to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during World War II because of his historic rematch with German boxer Max Schmeling in 1938.
Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku
Māngere Arts Centre - Ngā Tohu o Uenuku is an Auckland Council-owned and operated arts venue in the suburb of Māngere, in Auckland, New Zealand. The purpose-built facility was opened in 2010, and is considered by Auckland Council to be the home of Māori and Pacific visual art and performing arts in Auckland.

Māngere
Māngere (Māori pronunciation: [ˈmaːŋɛɾɛ]) is a major suburb in South Auckland, New Zealand, located on mainly flat land on the northeastern shore of the Manukau Harbour, to the northwest of Manukau City Centre and 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) south of the Auckland city centre. It is the location of Auckland Airport, which lies close to the harbour's edge to the south of the suburb.

The area has been inhabited by Tāmaki Māori since early periods of Māori history, including large-scale agricultural stonefields, such as Ihumātao, and Māngere Mountain, which was home to a fortified pā. Te Ākitai Waiohua communities in Māngere thrived in the 1840s and 1850s after the establishment of a Wesleyan Mission and extensive wheat farms, until the Invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Māngere remained a rural community until the mid-20th Century, when Māngere became one of the largest state housing developments in Auckland.
Limpieza de sangre
Limpieza de sangre (Spanish: [limˈpjeθa ðe ˈsaŋɡɾe]), also known as limpeza de sangue (Portuguese: [lĩˈpezɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ], Galician: [limˈpeθɐ ðɪ ˈsaŋɡɪ]), literally 'cleanliness of blood' and meaning 'blood purity', was a racially discriminatory term used in the Crown of Castile and Portuguese Empire during the early modern period to refer to those who were considered to be Old Christians by virtue of not having Muslim, Jewish, Romani, or Agote ancestors. In both empires, the term played a major role in discrimination against suspected crypto-Jews or crypto-Muslims. Over the years it manifested into law which excluded New Christians from almost every part of society.

Xueta
The Xuetes (Catalan pronunciation: [ʃuˈətə]; singular Xueta, also known as Xuetons and spelled as Chuetas) are a social group on the Spanish island of Majorca, in the Mediterranean Sea, who are descendants of Majorcan Jews who were either Conversos (forcible converts to Christianity) or crypto-Jews, forced to keep their religion hidden. They practiced strict endogamy by marrying only within their own group. Many of their descendants observe a syncretist form of Christian worship known as Xueta Christianity.

The Xuetes were stigmatized until the first half of the 20th century. In the latter part of the century, the spread of freedom of religion and laïcité reduced both the social pressure and community ties. An estimated 18,000 people in the island carry Xueta surnames in the 21st century, but only a few people (even if with Xueta surnames) are aware of the complex history of this group.
Tramway from Sablonnières to Bray-sur-Seine
The tramway from Sablonnières to Bray-sur-Seine, also known as le Bricolo, was a secondary railway line operated from 1903 to 1954 by the Société générale des chemins de fer économiques (SE). It was the last line constructed in the company’s Seine-et-Marne network.

The line connected Bray-sur-Seine to Sablonnières. Built to metre gauge in several phases, it had a total length of 88 km.

The line saw an increase in ridership until 1914, when the First World War disrupted operations. During the interwar period, competition from road transport led to a decline in passenger traffic. As a result, profitability decreased, and the line eventually served primarily the sugar industry.

Unlike the other lines in the network, it did not cease all freight operations in 1950. Its sugar-related activities continued until 1965, after which the line was closed and dismantled.

Light railway
A light railway is a railway built at lower costs and to lower standards than typical "heavy rail": it uses lighter-weight track, and may have more steep gradients and tight curves to reduce civil engineering costs. These lighter standards allow lower costs of operation, at the price of lower vehicle capacity.
Greek Football Cup
The Greek Football Cup (Greek: Ελληνικό Κύπελλο Ποδοσφαίρου), officially known as Betsson Greek Cup (Greek: Κύπελλο Ελλάδας Betsson) for sponsorship reasons is a Greek association football competition, run by the HFF.

The Greek Cup is the second-most important domestic men's football event in Greece, after the championship of Super League. Since its inception in 1931 it has been held 83 times, with a cup winner being crowned on 82 occasions, the final in 1962 being the only occasion when no champion was crowned.

Olympiacos is the most successful club, having reached the final 43 times and earning 29 trophies.

1965–66 Greek Football Cup
The 1965–66 Greek Football Cup was the 24th edition of the Greek Football Cup.

For the second time in three editions, the Cup final was scratched: AEK Athens were awarded the Cup as the HFF was late to determine a date for the match. Due to Olympiacos having to prepare for the next season's European Cup, the delay meant that Olympiacos would not be able to field a team for the final.
Aleppo clashes (2025–2026)
The Aleppo clashes (2025–2026) were a series of clashes between the Syrian transitional government and Syrian Democratic Forces in Aleppo. The fighting was centered around the Sheikh Maqsood and Ashrafiyah neighborhoods, both of which are Kurdish-majority districts and under the control of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria-affiliated Asayish police force. The clashes came to an end after the neighborhoods came under the control of the Syrian Army in January 2026.

Mazloum Abdi
Mazloum Abdi is a Syrian Kurdish military leader, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).

According to organizational media, Mazloum Abdi was a member of the executive council of the PKK's branch, Kurdistan Communities Union, in 2013. Abdi's SDF reached an integration agreement with the Syrian transitional government on 10 March 2025 after Abdi congratulated Ahmed al-Sharaa on assuming the Syrian presidency.
Carteret ministry
The Carteret ministry was the Whig government of Great Britain that held office from 1742 to 1744, following the defeat of the Walpole ministry by a margin of one vote. The nominal head of the ministry was Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, until his death in 1743. He was succeeded in the role of prime minister by Henry Pelham.

The ministry derives its name from John Carteret, 2nd Baron Carteret. He served as Northern Secretary throughout until his resignation, having been the mainstay of whom the respective prime ministers were dependent for support.

Henry Pelham
Henry Pelham (25 September 1694 – 6 March 1754) was a British Whig statesman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1743 until his death in 1754. He was the younger brother of Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, who served in Pelham's government and succeeded him as prime minister. Pelham is generally considered to have been Britain's third prime minister, after Robert Walpole and the Earl of Wilmington.

Pelham's premiership was relatively uneventful in terms of domestic affairs, although it was during his premiership that Great Britain experienced the tumult of the 1745 Jacobite uprising. In foreign affairs, Britain fought in several wars. Two of Pelham's final acts were the Jewish Naturalization Act 1753, which allowed Jews to become naturalized  by application to Parliament, and the Marriage Act 1753, which enumerated the minimum age of consent for marriage. On Pelham's death, his brother Newcastle took full control of the British government.
Tiexi Subdistrict (Anda)
Tiexi Subdistrict is the subdistrict of Anda, Suihua, Heilongjiang, China. The subdistrict office at Second Street of Tiexi (铁西二道街). The subdistrict is east to Caoqiao (草桥), Xinfadi (新发地), south to Yangcao (羊草), Nanlai (南来). The area of subdistrict is 50.28 km², the shape of subdistrict is rectangle in east-west direction, it has inhabitants 94993.

Anda, Heilongjiang
Anda (simplified Chinese: 安达; traditional Chinese: 安達; pinyin: Āndá) is a county-level city in western Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located on the Harbin-Manzhouli Railway (formerly known as the Chinese Eastern Railway) about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Daqing and 110 km (68 mi) northwest of Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang, and is under the administration of Suihua City. Home to China's forage and dairy industries, more than 1,814 km2 (700 sq mi) out of Anda's 3,586 km2 (1,385 sq mi) total area is made up of grasslands.
No. 49 Squadron RAF
No. 49 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force formed during World War I, re-formed in the build up to World War II, and later took part in the Cold War.

The unit is noted for its role in the British atomic and hydrogen bomb programmes. During Operation Buffalo in 1956, a Vickers Valiant from the squadron became the first British aircraft to drop a live atomic bomb. A year later, the squadron was entrusted with the task of dropping hydrogen bombs in Operation Grapple.

Kenneth Hubbard
Group Captain Kenneth Gilbert Hubbard OBE DFC AFC (26 February 1920 – 21 January 2004) was the pilot of an RAF Vickers Valiant bomber which dropped Britain's first live thermonuclear weapon (H-Bomb) in Operation Grapple in the Central Pacific Ocean in May 1957.
Waterloo, Alabama
Waterloo is a town in Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area, known as "The Shoals". As of the 2020 census, Waterloo had a population of 178. The town and surrounding area is served by Waterloo High School and by the Waterloo Volunteer Fire Department.

Lauderdale County, Alabama
Lauderdale County is a county located in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census the population was 93,564. Its county seat is Florence. Its name is in honor of Colonel James Lauderdale, of Tennessee. Lauderdale is part of the Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as "The Shoals".