hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Puch
Puch (German pronunciation: [pʊχ] ⓘ) is a manufacturing company located in Graz, Styria, Austria. The company was founded in 1899 by the industrialist Johann Puch and produced automobiles, bicycles, mopeds, and motorcycles. It was a subsidiary of the large Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate.

Puch Maxi
The Puch Maxi is a moped that was manufactured by the Austrian manufacturing company Puch through the 1970s and 1980s that is well known for its reliability, ease of maintenance, and fuel economy (up to 120 mpg). These mopeds gained wide acceptance during the 1973 oil crisis and are still widely available for aftermarkets, and mint examples are still valued by collectors today. It is started using a pedal start mechanism where the user provides the force needed to start the 48cc two stroke engine, or can be ridden like a bicycle when the engine is disengaged. The later models feature a kick start mechanism.
Dighton, Massachusetts
Dighton is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 8,101 at the 2020 census. The town is located on the western shore of the Taunton River in the southeastern part of the state.

Coram Shipyard Historic District
The Coram Shipyard Historic District is a historic district encompassing a colonial-era shipyard at 2120, 2125, and 2130 Water Street in Dighton, Massachusetts.  The district includes two houses, built c. 1700, and the archaeologically sensitive site of a shipyard which operated for a roughly five-year period between 1698 and 1703.  The shipyard site is now home to the Taunton River Yacht Club, whose property includes the wharf built by Thomas Coram and John Hathaway, the proprietors of the shipyard.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.
Christlieger
Christlieger is the name of the only island in the Königssee lake in Bavaria, Germany. It is located near the northern end of the lake, at 47°35′08″N 12°59′17″E﻿ / ﻿47.58556°N 12.98806°E﻿ / 47.58556; 12.98806. It is also called Johannesinsel (John's Island or St. John's), after the marble statue of John of Nepomuk that was erected on the island in 1711.

The island is 61 meters long north-south and up to 26 meters wide, with an area of 1260 square meters (0.31 acres). On the eastern side, small boats can land, but not the passenger boats going to St. Bartholomä.

The island is part of the municipality of Schönau am Königssee. The land is owned by the Free State of Bavaria.

Königssee
The Königssee (German pronunciation: [ˈkøːnɪçsˌzeː]) is a natural lake in the southeast Berchtesgadener Land district of the German state of Bavaria, near the Austrian border. Most of the lake is within the Berchtesgaden National Park.
Jefferson Township High School (New Jersey)
Jefferson Township High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades from Jefferson Township, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as the lone secondary school of the Jefferson Township Public Schools. The school is located in the Oak Ridge section of the township.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 761 students and 72.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.5:1. There were 91 students (12.0% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 21 (2.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Jefferson Township Public Schools
The Jefferson Township Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Jefferson Township, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 2,672 students and 246.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1.
Coal scuttle
A coal scuttle, sometimes spelled coalscuttle and also called a hod, "coal bucket", or "coal pail", is a bucket-like container for holding a small, intermediate supply of coal convenient to an indoor coal-fired stove or heater.

Bucket
A bucket is typically a watertight, vertical cylinder or truncated cone or square, with an open top and a flat bottom that is attached to a semicircular carrying handle called the bail.

A bucket is usually an open-top container. In contrast, a pail can have a top or lid and is a shipping container. In non-technical usage, the two terms are often used interchangeably.
Deo Langkhui
Deo Langkhui (The Divine Sword) is an Assamese novel written by Dr Rita Chowdhury. The book unveils some important aspects of then-contemporary Tiwa society and a series of their customs and traditions. The novel is based on historical evidence of then Tiwa kingdom, but the protagonist is the royal lady Chandraprabha, queen of Pratapchandra. The book is a detailed account of the time of then Assam. It is full of romance, conflict, betrayal, aggression and loyalty. The novel can be read as a fantastic story, as a historical novel, or as an epic.

Deo Langkhui brought its author the Sahitya Akademi Award for Assamese, by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.

Tiwa people
The Tiwa people (also known as Lalung) is a Tibeto-Burmese ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Northeast Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland, and some parts of neighbouring Bangladesh and Myanmar.

A striking peculiarity of the Tiwa is their division into two sub-groups, Hills Tiwa and Plains Tiwa. The founder of Tiwa community is Pha Poroi "Indrosing Dewri" who has contributed a lot to the construction of Tiwa society. He also wrote the Tiwa national anthem called - O Angé Tiwa Tosima.
Former Rumoi Saga Family Fishery
The Rumoi Saga Family Fishery (留萌佐賀家漁場, Rumoi Saga-ke gyoba) was a fishery established in the Edo period in the Reiki neighborhood of the town of Rumoi, Hokkaidō. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1997. The Former Rumoi Saga Family Fishery is one of the 100 Fishing Village Heritage Sites (Japan).

Rumoi, Hokkaido
Rumoi (留萌市, Rumoi-shi) is a city in Rumoi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 31 January 2025, the city had an estimated population of 18,132 in 10519 households, and a population density of 61 people per km2. The total area of the city is 297.81 km2 (114.99 sq mi). There are several theories about the origin of the name, which comes from the Ainu word for the Rumoi River. The word "rur-mo-ot-pe," means "a river with calm, constant tides," or "a river with deep tides," and this theory has been adopted by the city.
Hita, Ōita
Hita (日田市, Hita-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 61,148 in 27,556 households, and a  population density of 96 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 666.03 km2 (257.16 sq mi).

Hita District, Ōita
Hita (日田郡, Hita-gun) was a district located in Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 14,180 and the density of 35.72 persons per km2. The total area was 396.98 km2.

Prior to its dissolution, on March 21, 2005, there were three towns and two villages within the district:

Amagase

Ōyama

Kamitsue

Maetsue

Nakatsue
Cunigunde of Swabia
Cunigunde of Swabia (c. 878 – 7 February after 918), a member of the Ahalolfing noble family, was Margravine of Bavaria until 907 by her first marriage with Margrave Luitpold and German queen (Queen of the Franks) from 913 to 918 by her second marriage with King Conrad I, the first and sole ruler of the Conradine dynasty.

Conrad I of Germany
Conrad I (German: Konrad; c. 881 – 23 December 918), called the Younger, was the king of East Francia from 911 to 918. He was the first king not of the Carolingian dynasty, the first to be elected by the nobility and the first to be anointed. He was chosen as the king by the rulers of the East Frankish stem duchies after the death of young King Louis the Child. Ethnically Frankish, prior to this election he had ruled the Duchy of Franconia from 906.
Phosphate mining in the United States
In 2015, 27.6 million metric tons of marketable phosphate rock, or phosphorite, was mined in the United States, making the US the world's third-largest producer, after China and Morocco. The phosphate mining industry employed 2,200 people. The value of phosphate rock mined was US$2.2 billion.

As of 2015, there are 10 active phosphate mines in four states: Florida, North Carolina, Idaho, and Utah. The eastern phosphate deposits are mined from open pits. The western deposits are mined from both surface and underground mines.

The exact phosphate content of the phosphate rock mined in 2015 is not available, but in the latest five-year period for which ore grades are available, 2009-2013, the grade of US phosphate rock varied from 28.5 to 29.0 percent P2O5.

As of 2016, remaining reserves of phosphate rock in the United States totaled 1.1 billion metric tons.

Bone Valley
The Bone Valley is a region of central Florida, encompassing portions of present-day Hardee, Hillsborough, Manatee, and Polk counties, in which phosphate is mined for use in the production of agricultural fertilizer. Florida currently contains the largest known deposits of phosphate in the United States.
Maeda Matsu
Maeda Matsu (前田まつ), also known as Omatsu no Kata (お松の方) (1547–1617), was a Japanese noblewoman and aristocrat of the 16th century. She was the wife of Maeda Toshiie, who founded the Kaga Domain. Matsu had a reputation for intelligence; she was skilled at both literary and martial arts, she fought alongside her clan. Known for her fierce determination, Matsu was vitally important to the success of the Maeda clan, being at the forefront of many political and diplomatic issues. She was eternalized for saving the Maeda clan from Tokugawa Ieyasu in Battle of Sekigahara and Siege of Osaka.

Maeda Toshinaga
Maeda Toshinaga (前田 利長; February 15, 1562 – June 27, 1614) was a Sengoku period Japanese samurai and the second early-Edo period daimyō  of Kaga Domain in the Hokuriku region of Japan, and the 3rd hereditary chieftain of the Maeda clan. He was the eldest son of Maeda Toshiie. His childhood name was "Inuchiyo" (犬千代).
Sardis Road
Sardis Road (Welsh: Heol Sardis) is a rugby union stadium situated in Pontypridd, Wales.  It is home to the Indigo Group Premiership team, Pontypridd RFC and previously the Celtic Warriors, the now defunct regional rugby union team.  It is commonly known as the "House of Pain".

Pontypridd
Pontypridd (/ˌpɒntɪˈpriːð/ PON-tih-PREEDH, Welsh: [ˌpɔntəˈpriːð]), colloquially referred to as Ponty, is a town and a community in Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales, approximately 10 miles (16 km) north west of Cardiff city centre.
R624 road (Ireland)
The R624 road is a regional road in Ireland which runs from the south-east of the N25 in Tullagreen, County Cork to Cobh town centre. It runs to several of County Cork's tourist attractions, including Fota Wildlife Park.

An upgrade had been proposed for the R624, originally planned to begin in 2010. This upgrade expected a new section to the road, to replace the existing road from Tullagreen N25 Carrigtwohill-Cobh Interchange to Belvelly. As of late 2015, no funding for development works on the R624 had been confirmed. However in late 2015 and early 2016, a number of calls were made for funding to be allocated, in particular to fund works on the road's main bridges.

The road is 9.5 km (5.9 mi) long.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Udenafil
The drug udenafil is marketed under the trade name Zydena. It is within the PDE5 inhibitor class (which also includes avanafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil).  Like other PDE5 inhibitors, it is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Udenafil was developed by Dong-A Pharmaceutical. It has fairly rapid onset of action (peak plasma concentration after 1 to 1.5 hours), and has long duration of action (plasma half-life of 11 to 13 hours). Udenafil's pharmacokinetics allows once-daily dosage (in addition to on-demand use). Typical doses are 100 and 200 mg. Udenafil is available in Korea, Russia, and the Philippines. It has not yet been approved for use in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

PDE5 inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a vasodilating drug that works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. These drugs dilate the corpora cavernosa of the penis, facilitating erection with sexual stimulation, and are used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil was the first effective oral treatment available for ED. Because PDE5 is also present in the smooth muscle of the walls of the arterioles within the lungs, two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, are FDA-approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. As of 2019, the wider cardiovascular benefits of PDE5 inhibitors are being appreciated.
SM-sarja
SM-Sarja was the top level of ice hockey in Finland from 1928 to 1975. SM-sarja is a common abbreviation for Suomen mestaruussarja, "Finnish Championship Series".

There was variable number of teams playing for the Finnish championship during the time of SM-sarja. The lowest number of participating teams was during the 1935 SM-sarja season when there was 3 teams. The most common number of participating teams was 12.

Since 1944-45 SM-sarja season there was relegations for lowest-ranking teams of each season. In the relegations the lowest-ranking teams either faced the winner of the 1. Divisioona (1st Division) or was straightly relegated from SM-sarja.

Rosenlewin Urheilijat-38
Rosenlewin Urheilijat-38, RU-38 for short, was a sports club based in Pori, Finland. It was founded in 1938 by the W. Rosenlew Company. The club was best known by its football and ice hockey sections. In 1967 RU-38 merged with another local club, Karhut, forming a new club named Ässät.

The athletes of RU-38 were usually semi-professionals. They had a job at the company's factories and could use their working hours in training.
Wégimont Castle
Wégimont Castle (French: Château de Wégimont) is a castle in the ancienne commune of Ayeneux, Soumagne, Liège Province, Wallonia, Belgium.

During World War II, under the name Heim Ardennen, it was one of Nazi Germany's SS operated Lebensborn maternity homes.

Soumagne
Soumagne (French pronunciation: [sumaɲ], Walloon: Soûmagne) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Liège, Belgium.

On September 1, 2008, Soumagne had a total population of 15,894. The total area is 27.14 km2 which gives a population density of 585 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Ayeneux, Cerexhe-Heuseux, Évegnée-Tignée, Mélen, Micheroux, and Soumagne.
Croxall
Croxall is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Edingale, in the Lichfield district of Staffordshire, England. The settlement today is mainly the Church of England parish church of St John and Croxall Hall. On 30 September 1895 the part in Derbyshire was transferred to Staffordshire meaning Croxall was entirely in Staffordshire. In 1931 the parish had a population of 184.

Edingale
Edingale is a village and civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. It lies on the River Mease, around 7 miles (11 km) north of Tamworth. Historically, the village is shared with Derbyshire. In 2001 the parish had a population of 598, increasing to 632 at the 2011 census.
Mijnden
Mijnden is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It was a part of the former municipality of Loenen. Since 2011 it has made part of the new formed municipality of Stichtse Vecht and lies about 12 km west of Hilversum.

The hamlet was first mentioned in 1235 as Minden. The etymology is unclear. The postal authorities have placed it under Nieuwersluis. In 1840, it was home to 270 people.

Loenen
Loenen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlunə(n)] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It was in the Vechtstreek area. On January 1, 2011, Loenen merged with Breukelen and Maarssen to form Stichtse Vecht.
Arrack
Arrack is a distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, made from the fermented sap of coconut flowers or sugarcane, and also with grain (e.g. red rice) or fruit depending upon the country of origin. It is sometimes spelled arak, or simply referred to as 'rack or 'rak. In many parts of India arrack is colloquially known as "desi daru".

There are two primary styles of arrack that are very different from one another: Batavia arrack is often clear in color but has a flavor profile more similar to dark rum, with a distinctive "funk" or "hogo" imparted to it from fermented red rice. Sri Lankan (Ceylon) arrack, by contrast, is a more refined and subtle spirit. It has hints of cognac and rum character and a wealth of delicate floral notes. Both styles are also made "in house" by local citizenry and can be more akin to moonshine in their presentation.

Runeberg torte
Runeberg torte (Finnish: runebergintorttu [ˈruːneberinˌtortːu]; Swedish: runebergstårta) is a Finnish torte flavored with almonds and arrack or rum and weighing about 100 grams. It usually has raspberry jam encircled by a ring of icing on top.

The torte is named after the Finnish poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg (1804–1877) who, according to legend, regularly enjoyed the torte, made by his wife, with punsch for breakfast. Runeberg tortes are typically eaten only in Finland and are generally available in stores from the beginning of January to Runeberg Day on February 5; however, Porvoo, where Runeberg lived for most of his life, is an exception, as in some of its cafés tortes are available every day of the year.
Bede Polding College
Bede Polding College is an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary day school, located in South Windsor, on the north-western outskirts of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school delivers a religious and secular education to approximately 1,200 students from Year 7 to Year 12.

The school is administered by the Catholic Education Office of the Diocese of Parramatta and serves the greater Hawkesbury region and the parishes of St Matthew's, Windsor and Richmond. The school opened in 1986 with 110 pupils and a staff of nine.

The school's patron is John Bede Polding, the inaugural Catholic bishop of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales.

The college was subject to a devastating fire in late 2003 that resulted in extensive damage to the administration building and teacher study areas.

Catholic education in the Diocese of Parramatta
There has been Catholic education in the Diocese of Parramatta since the first catholic school was established in the Parramatta area in 1820. There are 80 Catholic systemic schools in the diocese (58 of which are primary and 22 secondary) with a total student population of around 43,000 and a staff population of around 5,000. There are also six non-systemic or congregational (independent) Catholic schools.
France–Suriname relations
Diplomatic relations between France and Suriname were established on 25 August 1976. Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana share a common border of 520 kilometres (320 mi). Suriname operates an embassy in Paris, a consulate in Cayenne, and an honorary consulate in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. France operates an embassy in Paramaribo, a consulate in Georgetown, Guyana, and an honorary consulate in Albina.

France–Suriname border
The France–Suriname or French Guiana–Suriname border is a roughly 520-kilometer line that internationally separates French Guiana (an overseas department of France) and Suriname. In 1915, the border was decided upon, following the Maroni River for its northern portion, but the southernmost section of the border remains disputed despite numerous attempts to officially and formally demarcate it. Particularly, the debate is over which Lawa River sub-tributary should be considered the international border between the two nations. In addition to the land border, France, through its overseas department, and Suriname, share an approximately 200-nautical mile  maritime border that was fully demarcated in 2017.
IBM IS1
IS/1 was the world's first relational database system, implemented at the IBM United Kingdom Scientific Centre in Peterlee in the years 1970–1972. It had limited facilities but implemented a true relational model.  It was the precursor to PRTV.

Relational database
A relational database (RDB) is a database  based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970.

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns.

Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database.
IBM 700/7000 series
The IBM 700/7000 series is a series of large-scale (mainframe) computer systems that were made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s. The series includes several different, incompatible processor architectures. The 700s use vacuum-tube logic and were made obsolete by the introduction of the transistorized 7000s. The 7000s, in turn, were eventually replaced with System/360, which was announced in 1964. However the 360/65, the first 360 powerful enough to replace 7000s, did not become available until November 1965. Early problems with OS/360 and the high cost of converting software kept many 7000s in service for years afterward.

IBM 1400 series
The IBM 1400 series are second-generation (transistor) mid-range business decimal computers that IBM marketed in the early 1960s. The computers were offered to replace tabulating machines like the IBM 407. The 1400-series machines stored information in magnetic cores as variable-length character strings separated on the left by a special bit, called a "wordmark," and on the right by a "record mark." Arithmetic was performed digit-by-digit. Input and output support included punched card, magnetic tape, and high-speed line printers. Disk storage was also available.

Many members of the series could be used as independent systems, as extensions to IBM punched-card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to other computer systems.  Some, however, were intended for specific applications or were economical only as independent systems.
Geoffrey Sampson
Geoffrey Sampson (born 1944) is Professor of Natural Language Computing in the Department of Informatics, University of Sussex.
He produces annotation standards for compiling corpora (databases) of ordinary usage of the English language. His work has been applied in automatic language-understanding software, and in writing-skills training. He has also analysed Ronald Coase's "theory of the firm" and the economic and political implications of e-business.

Educating Eve
Educating Eve: The 'Language Instinct' Debate is a book by Geoffrey Sampson, providing arguments against Noam Chomsky's theory of a human instinct for (first) language acquisition. Sampson explains the original title of the book as a deliberate allusion to Educating Rita (1980), and uses the plot of that play to illustrate his argument. Sampson's book is a response to Steven Pinker's The Language Instinct specifically and Chomskyan linguistic nativism broadly.

The title, Educating Eve, was dropped after the first edition because the allusion to Educating Rita "was deemed unduly mysterious". The revised edition (2005) contains an additional chapter and "many passages, from a few words up to new chapter-sections, that discuss relevant scientific findings which have emerged since the first edition, or respond to objections made by critics of that edition."