hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crandon mine
Crandon mine was a mine proposed for northeastern Wisconsin, USA. It was to be situated near the town of Crandon and the Mole Lake Ojibwe Reservation in Forest County. The mine was the center of a multi-decade political and regulatory battle between environmentalists, American Indian tribes, sportfishing groups, and the State of Wisconsin and several large mining corporations. The purchase of the mine site in 2003 by the Sokaogon Ojibwe and Forest County Potawatomi marked a major victory for the tribes and environmental activists, and raised questions about the future of mining, economics, and tribal power in Wisconsin.

Bad River train blockade
The Bad River train blockade was a 1996 action on the Bad River Ojibwe Reservation in Ashland County, Wisconsin, carried out by Ojibwe activists against train shipments of sulfuric acid. The activists blocked the railroad tracks that would have brought the acid to a mine in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The action brought national scrutiny on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and demonstrated the power of Indigenous rights in environmentalism.
Air Miles
Air Miles is a group of loyalty programs operated by different companies in each region where the brand operates—the programs are available in Canada, the Netherlands, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Points are earned on purchases at participating merchants and can be redeemed against flights with specific airlines.

The original Air Miles program began in the United Kingdom in November 1988. Since 2017, the name and trademarks have been owned by Diversified Royalty Corp. In 2023, the owner of the Canadian program, LoyaltyOne, filed for bankruptcy, leading to an acquisition by the Bank of Montreal (BMO) of the Canadian operations.

Nectar (loyalty card)
Nectar is a loyalty card scheme in the United Kingdom run by Nectar 360 Limited, a company owned by Sainsbury's. The scheme is the largest in the United Kingdom, and comprises a number of partner companies including Sainsbury's, Esso, Carphone Warehouse, Argos and British Airways. It launched in 2002 with initially four partner companies, and by 2010 had grown to include over 14 companies and over 400 online retailers. Participating companies cover sectors including travel, retail, finance and newspapers.

The scheme was established by Loyalty Management Group, replacing the existing schemes of three of the four launch companies. Nectar was purchased by the Canadian Groupe Aeroplan (now Aimia) in 2007, and purchased by Sainsbury's in 2018.
Chemistry (2009 film)
Chemistry is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language horror film directed by Viji Thampi and written by Vinu Kiriyath. The film stars Saranya Mohan, Shilpa Bala, Mukesh and Vineeth, while Manoj K. Jayan, Rajesh Hebbar, Jagathi Sreekumar, and Siddique play supporting roles. The music was composed by M. Jayachandran with cinematography by Sanjeev Shankar and editing by Raja Mohammad. The film released on 20 November 2009. It was dubbed into Tamil as Naan Gowri.

Saranya Mohan
Saranya Mohan is an Indian former actress, who predominantly appeared in Tamil and Malayalam films. She has also acted in a few Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. She is best known for her performances in Yaaradi Nee Mohini (2008), Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu (2009), Eeram (2009), Velayudham (2011) and Osthe (2011).
Margaret Dryburgh
Margaret Dryburgh (24 February 1890 – 21 April 1945) was an English teacher and missionary. Born in Sunderland, England, she later became a missionary in Singapore, where she was captured in the Second World War. The plight of Dryburgh and her fellow inmates such as Betty Jeffrey in a Japanese prisoner of war camp inspired the 1996 film Paradise Road. She wrote The Captives' Hymn while imprisoned.

Paradise Road (1997 film)
Paradise Road is a 1997 Australian war film directed by Bruce Beresford, about a group of English, American, Dutch, and Australian women who are imprisoned by the Japanese in Sumatra during World War II. It stars Glenn Close, Frances McDormand, Pauline Collins, Julianna Margulies, Jennifer Ehle, Cate Blanchett, and Elizabeth Spriggs. The film received mixed reviews from critics.
Normand Dube Aerocruiser Plus
The Normand Dube Aerocruiser Plus (also called the Aerocruiser 180) is a four-seat Canadian amateur-built aircraft, designed by Normand Dube and produced by Aviation Normand Dube of Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec. The aircraft is a development of the two-seat Norman Dube Aerocruiser.

Normand Dube Aerocruiser
The Normand Dube Aerocruiser is a Canadian single-engined, two-seat bushplane designed by Normand Dube and supplied as a kit for homebuilding by Aviation Normand Dube of Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Quebec.
Finally, Betty Carter
Finally, Betty Carter is a live album by Betty Carter. Though it was recorded in 1969, its release was delayed until 1975 because the master recording was stolen. A second album of material recorded from the same concert, Round Midnight, was released the same year.

Round Midnight (1975 Betty Carter album)
Round Midnight is a 1975 live album by Betty Carter. It was recorded at the same 1969 concert as her album Finally, Betty Carter. It is not to be confused with Carter's similarly titled 1963 studio album, 'Round Midnight.
Vella
Vella is a village and a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.

Lumbrein
Lumbrein is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.  The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Khalil Allah II Ali
Khalīl Allāh II ʿAlī (Persian: خلیل الله ثانی علی) was the 39th imam of the Qasim-Shahi branch of the Nizari Isma'ili community.

Khalil Allah II Ali succeeded his father Nur al-Dahr Ali when the latter died in 1671, until his own death in January 1680. He was buried in a tomb in the mausoleum of his predecessor, al-Mustansir Billah III. Khalil Allah II Ali was the last Nizari imam to reside in Anjudan; his successor Shah Nizar II moved his residence to the nearby village of Kahak.

Shah Nizar II
Shāh Nizār II (Persian: شاه نزار ثانی) was the 40th imam of the Qasim-Shahi branch of the Nizari Isma'ili community.

Shah Nizar II succeeded his father Khalil Allah II Ali when the latter died in 1680. At some point during the early part of his imamate, Shah Nizar left the village of Anjudan, where his predecessors had resided for over two centuries, and moved to the nearby village of Kahak, which became the new residence of the Nizari imams.

On his initiative, many Nizari faithful who until then had lived as nomads in Khurasan, came and settled in Kerman. Shah Nizar had close relations with the Sufi Ni'matullah Order, and in his role as a Sufi master (tariqa) adopted the name of Ata Allah, by which many of the Nizari followers in Kerman came to be known.

Shah Nizar died in September 1722, and was succeeded by his son, Sayyid Ali. Shah Nizar's mausoleum still survives in Kahak, but was heavily restored in 1966 losing many of its original 18th-century fixtures.
Gabriel Krauze
Gabriel Krauze is a writer from London, known for his Booker Prize nominated debut Who They Was, an autobiographical novel detailing his life of crime and involvement in the gang culture of South Kilburn.

South Kilburn
South Kilburn is a large housing estate in Kilburn, in the London Borough of Brent. Typical of brutalist 1960s designs of public housing in the United Kingdom, it is characterised by high-density housing in low-rise flats and 11 concrete tower blocks. It was approved in 1959 and extended in 1963. This scheme was further developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s; redevelopment occurred during the 2010s. The population is predominantly Afro-Caribbean and Pashtun.
Nikos Xilouris
Nikos Xylouris (Greek: Νίκος Ξυλούρης; 7 July 1936 – 8 February 1980), also known as Psaronikos (Ψαρονίκος), was a Greek singer, Cretan lyra player, and songwriter who performed both Cretan rural traditional and urban orchestral music arrangements.

Psarantonis
Antonios "Antonis" Xylouris (Greek: Αντώνιος "Αντώνης" Ξυλούρης; born September 6, 1937), nicknamed Psarantonis (Greek: Ψαραντώνης), is a Greek composer, singer and performer of lyra, the bowed string instrument of Crete and most popular surviving form of the medieval Byzantine lyra.
OGN (TV channel)
OGN (formerly known as Ongamenet) is a South Korean pay television channel that specialized in broadcasting video game-related content and esports matches, particularly StarCraft, Starcraft II, League of Legends, and Overwatch. OGN ran high level professional tournaments for 20 years; its premier competition included the Ongamenet Starleague (OSL), Proleague, League of Legends Champions Korea, and Overwatch APEX. It was previously a subsidiary of On-Media, the parent company of several other cable channels. After a corporate merger in 2010, it became a part of CJ ENM E&M Division. Most recently, League of Legends statistics website, OP.GG, which also sponsored LCK since 2022, has acquired OGN from CJ ENM following the shutdown of the linear TV network during the COVID-19 pandemic.

On-Media
ON Media Corporation ("Orion Network Media"), is a South Korean broadcasting company. Formerly a subsidiary of Korean food company Orion Confectionery and conglomerate company Tongyang Group and Kumho Asiana Group, it was acquired by the CJ Group in 2010. Established in 2000, the company is headquartered in Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province and is a leader in the pay television industry in South Korea. On-Media also delivers cable TV and broadband services.
Average cost
In economics, average cost (AC) or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of units of a good produced (the output Q):

Average cost is an important factor in determining how businesses will choose to price their products.

Cost curve
In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible level of production, and the result is a cost curve. Profit-maximizing firms use cost curves to decide output quantities. There are various types of cost curves, all related to each other, including total and average cost curves; marginal ("for each additional unit") cost curves, which are equal to the differential of the total cost curves; and variable cost curves. Some are applicable to the short run, others to the long run.
Brooke Langton
Brooke Langton is an American actress. She starred as Samantha Reilly in the Fox prime time soap opera Melrose Place (1996–1998) and as Angela Bennett in the USA Network thriller series The Net (1998–99). Langton also was the female lead in the 2000 comedy film The Replacements.  She later had significant guest roles on the NBC series Friday Night Lights and on Life, in which Langton played a lawyer and then a deputy district attorney.

The Net (American TV series)
The Net is an American drama series based on the 1995 film of the same name. The series starred Brooke Langton as Angela Bennett, the character Sandra Bullock played in the film. Produced in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, the series originally aired for one season on the USA Network from July 18, 1998, until canceled on March 27, 1999.
Zond 6
Zond 6 was a formal member of the Soviet Zond program, and an unpiloted version of the Soyuz 7K-L1 crewed Moon-flyby spacecraft. It was launched on a lunar flyby mission on November 10, 1968, from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit. The spacecraft carried a biological payload of turtles, flies, and bacteria. It also carried scientific probes including cosmic ray, micrometeoroid detectors, and photographic equipment.

The mission was a precursor to a crewed circumlunar flight which the Soviets hoped could occur in December 1968, thus beating the American Apollo 8. However, after rounding the Moon on November 14, Zond 6 crashed on its return to Earth, due to a parachute failure when the parachute was detached from the capsule too early.

Zond program
Zond (Russian: Зонд, lit. 'probe') was the name given to two distinct series of Soviet robotic spacecraft launched between 1964 and 1970. The first series, based on the 3MV planetary probe, was intended to gather information about nearby planets.

The second series of test spacecraft was intended as a precursor to remote-controlled robotic circumlunar loop flights, using a stripped-down variant of Soyuz spacecraft, consisting of the service and descent modules, but lacking the orbital module.

Two tortoises and other lifeforms aboard Zond 5 were the first terrestrial organisms to travel around the Moon and return to Earth.
Dact-el-Mayun
The Dact-el-Mayun (Arabic: داكت الميون), also known as the Western strait, the large strait, the large pass or the wide pass, is the western section of the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, which separates Ras Menheli, Yemen, on the Arabian Peninsula from Ras Siyyan, Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa. The strait has a width of about 16 miles (26 km) and a depth of 170 fathoms (310 m). The Yemeni island of Perim divides the strait into two channels, Bab Iskender and Dact-el-Mayun respectively.

Near the African coast lies a group of smaller islands known as the Seven Brothers.

Bab Iskender
The Bab Iskender (Arabic: باب اسكندر, lit. 'Alexandar's Strait'), also variously known as the Eastern Strait, the Small Strait, the Narrow Pass or the Small Pass,  is the eastern section of the Bab-el-Mandeb straits, which separates Ras Menheli in Yemen, on the Arabian Peninsula from Ras Siyyan in Djibouti, on the Horn of Africa.
Bronisław Knaster
Bronisław Knaster (22 May 1893 – 3 November 1980) was a Polish mathematician; from 1939 a university professor in Lwów and from 1945 in Wrocław.

In 1945, he completed a project in collaboration with Karol Borsuk and Kazimierz Kuratowski concerning the establishment of the Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

He is known for his work in point-set topology and in particular for his discoveries in 1922 of the hereditarily indecomposable continuum or pseudo-arc and of the Knaster continuum, or buckethandle continuum. Together with his teacher Hugo Steinhaus and his colleague Stefan Banach, he also developed the last diminisher procedure for fair cake cutting.: 2

Knaster received his Ph.D. degree from University of Warsaw in 1922 under the supervision of Stefan Mazurkiewicz.

Kazimierz Kuratowski
Kazimierz Kuratowski (Polish pronunciation: [kaˈʑimjɛʂ kuraˈtɔfskʲi]; 2 February 1896 – 18 June 1980) was a Polish mathematician and logician. He was one of the leading representatives of the Warsaw School of Mathematics. He worked as a professor at the University of Warsaw and at the Mathematical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IM PAN). Between 1946 and 1953, he served as President of the Polish Mathematical Society.

He is primarily known for his contributions to set theory, topology, measure theory and graph theory. Some of the notable mathematical concepts bearing Kuratowski's name include Kuratowski's theorem, Kuratowski closure axioms, Kuratowski-Zorn lemma and Kuratowski's intersection theorem.
Curtis Roosevelt
Curtis Roosevelt Dall  (April 19, 1930 – September 26, 2016) was an American writer. Roosevelt was the son of Anna Roosevelt and her first husband, Curtis Bean Dall. He was the eldest grandson of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

Curtis Bean Dall
Curtis Bean Dall (October 24, 1896 – June 28, 1991) was an American stockbroker, Vice-Presidential candidate, author, and the first husband of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, daughter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt.
Syed Ata Hasnain
Lieutenant General Syed Ata Hasnain PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM & Bar is a retired General of the Indian Army. His last assignment in service was as the Military Secretary of the Indian Army. Prior to that, he commanded the Indian Army's 15 Corps in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, amongst other appointments. He has also commanded 21 Corps (Strike). In 2018, General Hasnain was appointed Chancellor of Central University of Kashmir.

Syed Mahdi Hasnain
Major General Syed Mahdi Hasnain, PVSM was a former General officer of the Indian Army. He was the raising commanding officer of the 4th Battalion, The Garhwal Rifles. He was commissioned in the British Indian Army in the 1st Royal Garhwal Rifles in 1941.
Misogi
Misogi (禊) is a Japanese Shinto practice of ritual purification by washing the entire body. Misogi is related to another Shinto purification ritual, harae. Thus, both are collectively referred to as misogiharae (禊祓).

Harae
Harae or harai (祓 or 祓い) is the general term for ritual purification in Shinto. Harae is one of four essential elements involved in a Shinto ceremony. The purpose is the purification of pollution or sins (tsumi) and uncleanness (kegare). These concepts include bad luck and disease as well as guilt in the English sense.

Harae is often described as purification, but it is also known as an exorcism to be done before worship. Harae often involves symbolic washing with water, or having a Shinto priest shake a large paper shaker called ōnusa or haraegushi over the object of purification. People, places, and objects can all be the object of harae.
Heathcote railway line
The Heathcote railway line was a cross-country link between Bendigo and Heathcote Junction. It was partly opened in 1888 and, by 1890, it was fully operational. It was partially closed in 1958 and fully closed in 1968.

In 1975, it was decided to dismantle the track and, today, only some trestle bridges remain.

Heathcote Junction railway station
Heathcote Junction railway station is a regional railway station on the Tocumwal line. It serves the town of the same name, in Victoria, Australia. Heathcote Junction is a ground level unstaffed station, featuring two side platforms. It opened on 17 March 1890, with the current station provided in 1990.

Initially opened as Kilmore Junction, the station was given its current name of Heathcote Junction on 15 May 1922.
MS Marella Spirit
MS Marella Spirit was a cruise ship owned by Holland America Line and operated under charter by the United Kingdom-based Marella Cruises. She was built in 1983 at the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard in France for Holland America Line as MS Nieuw Amsterdam. Between 2000 and 2001 she sailed for United States Lines, a subsidiary of American Classic Voyages, as MS Patriot. In 2002 she returned under Holland America Line ownership and reverted to the name Nieuw Amsterdam, but was not used in active service. During the same year she was chartered to Louis Cruise Lines, who in turn sub-chartered the ship to Thomson Cruises, with whom she entered service under MS Thomson Spirit in 2003.

Celestyal Cruises
Celestyal Cruises (formed in 2014) is a succession to Louis Cruises and Louis Cruise Lines. The Cruise line was a subsidiary of Louis plc (founded in 1935 as the first travel agency in Cyprus) until November 2021 when Searchlight Capital Partners took a majority share within the Cruise Line.

Celestyal Cruises has two cruise ships: the MS Celestyal Discovery and the MS Celestyal Journey. The cruise line operates out of Athens, Greece offering itineraries on a 3,4- and 7-night basis around the Greek islands, Turkey, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It is reported that it carried 115,000 guests in 2019. Celestyal Cruises operated for six years in Cuba until 2018 and historically chartered ships to Marella Cruises, previously Thomson Cruises.
Reunion (Cabot novel)
Reunion is the third installment of the young adult series The Mediator written by Meg Cabot. It was first published by Simon & Schuster in July, 2001 under the author's alternative pseudonym Jenny Carroll.

The Mediator
The Mediator is a young adult paranormal romance book series written by American author Meg Cabot. The series debuted in 2000 with its first novel, Shadowland, and centers on a teenage girl who can communicate with ghosts and acts as a mediator to help spirits resolve unfinished business so they can move on to the afterlife.

Originally published under Cabot's pseudonym Jenny Carroll, the first four novels were published by Simon & Schuster. The fifth and sixth books were published by HarperCollins and under Meg Cabot's name. In 2016, twelve years after the publication of the sixth installment Twilight, the seventh and final novel, Remembrance, was released under William Morrow, an imprint of Harper Collins.
Tusculum portrait
The Tusculum portrait, also called the Tusculum bust, is the only extant portrait of Julius Caesar which may have been made during his lifetime. It is also one of the two accepted portraits of Caesar (alongside the Chiaramonti Caesar) which were made before the beginning of the Roman Empire. Being one of the copies of the bronze original, the bust has been dated to 50–40 BC and is housed in the permanent collection of the Museum of Antiquities in Turin, Italy. Made of fine-grained marble, the bust measures 32 cm (1 ft 1 in) in height.

Arles bust
The Arles bust is a life-sized marble bust of a man, possibly Julius Caesar, dating to around the 1st century BC. It is part of the collection of the Musée de l'Arles antique.

It was discovered in September–October 2007 in the Rhone River near Arles, southern France, by divers from the French Department of Subaquatic Archaeological Research. During the same campaign, divers also recovered smaller statues of Marsyas in Hellenistic style and a life-size marble sculpture of Neptune dating, from its style, to the 3rd century AD.
Ramsö
Ramsö is an island in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden. Rindö island lies to its north, Tynningö island to its south-west, Skogsön island to its south-east, and the Oxdjupet strait to its east. Administratively, it is in Vaxholm Municipality and Stockholm County. The island consists of three parts: Ramsö itself, Ramsöholm and Ramsöberg. Ramsöholm was separate from Ramsö until the 18th century, but is now joined to the rest of the island after the channel between the two was infilled. Ramsöberg began to be built up in the 1960s.

Ramsö has no road connection to the mainland or other islands. It is served throughout the year by passenger ships of the Waxholmsbolaget, which call at the Ramsö pier and/or the Ramsöberg pier, providing a connection to Vaxholm town and Stockholm city.

The island is the home to three shipyards: Ramsövarvet, Abrahamsson and Börjesson's shipyard and Blomberg's shipyard.

Skogsön
Skogsön is an island in the Stockholm archipelago in Sweden. Rindö island lies to its north, Tynningö island to its south-west, Ramsö island to its north-west, and the Oxdjupet strait to its east. Administratively, it is in Vaxholm Municipality and Stockholm County.

Skogsön has no road connection to the mainland or other islands. It is served throughout the year by passenger ships of the Waxholmsbolaget, which call at piers at Skogsö Södra and Skogsö Udde, providing a connection to Vaxholm town and Stockholm city.
No Time to Die (1958 film)
No Time to Die (U.S. title: Tank Force!; also known as Tankforce) is a 1958 British war film directed by Terence Young and starring Victor Mature, Leo Genn, Anthony Newley and Bonar Colleano. It is about American sergeant David Thatcher in the British Army during the Second World War.

Victor Mature
Victor John Mature (January 29, 1913 – August 4, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actor who was a leading man in Hollywood during the 1940s and 1950s. His best known film roles include One Million B.C. (1940), My Darling Clementine (1946), Kiss of Death (1947), Samson and Delilah (1949), and The Robe (1953). He also appeared in many musicals opposite such stars as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable.