hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Florida House of Representatives
The Florida House of Representatives is the lower house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida Senate being the upper house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The House is composed of 120 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 180,000 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. Representatives' terms begin immediately upon their election.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the State House with 84 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 33 seats. Three seats are vacant.

Florida Senate
The Florida Senate is the upper house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida House of Representatives being the lower house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The Senate is composed of 40 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 540,000 residents. The Senate Chamber is located in the State Capitol building.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the chamber with 27 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 11 seats. One seat is held by an independent, and one seat is vacant.
Rahul Kohli
Rahul Kohli is an English actor. On television, he gained prominence through the CW series iZombie (2015–2019), and his collaborations with filmmaker Mike Flanagan in the Netflix series The Haunting of Bly Manor (2020), Midnight Mass (2021), and The Fall of the House of Usher (2023), and the upcoming Amazon Prime series Carrie. He recently appeared in the Hulu series Death and Other Details (2024) and the Amazon Prime series We Were Liars (2025). His films include Next Exit (2022).

Midnight Mass (miniseries)
Midnight Mass is an American gothic supernatural horror television miniseries created and directed by Mike Flanagan and starring Zach Gilford, Kate Siegel, Hamish Linklater, Samantha Sloyan, Rahul Kohli, Kristin Lehman, and Henry Thomas. The plot centers on a devout and impoverished island community that experiences supernatural events after the arrival of a mysterious priest.

The series was announced in July 2019, with Netflix ordered Flanagan's original horror series Midnight Mass as part of that overall deal. Flanagan wrote, directed and served as showrunner on the seven-episode series, which suffered from a production delay in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Midnight Mass was released on Netflix on September 24, 2021, and received positive reviews, with praise for Flanagan's directing, performances of the cast (particularly Gilford, Siegel and Linklater) and its new take on the vampire genre, but some criticism for its writing and pacing.
Allied Standards Avionics Architecture Council
Allied Standards Avionics Architecture Council, or ASAAC, is an effort to define and validate a set of Open Architecture Standards for Avionics Architecture, particularly in the field of Integrated Modular Avionics.

ASAAC is managed by the UK Ministry of Defence, and many major European Avionics companies  participate in the Working group, such as:

BAE Systems

GE Aviation Systems (formerly Smiths Aerospace)

Dassault Aviation

Thales Group

EADS

ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH

General Dynamics (UK branch)

Integrated modular avionics
Integrated modular avionics (IMA) are real-time  computer network airborne systems. This network consists of a number of computing modules capable of supporting numerous applications of differing criticality levels.

In opposition to traditional federated architectures, the IMA concept proposes an integrated architecture with application software portable across an assembly of common hardware modules. An IMA architecture imposes multiple requirements on the underlying operating system.
Gnaeus Octavius (consul 128 BC)
Gnaeus Octavius (fl. 133–126 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic. He was praetor c. 131 BC and consul in 128 BC, but his life is mostly unknown apart from a few inscriptions and an anecdote from Cicero.

Gnaeus Octavius (consul 87 BC)
Gnaeus Octavius (died 87 BC) was a Roman senator who was elected consul of the Roman Republic in 87 BC alongside Lucius Cornelius Cinna. He died during the chaos that accompanied the capture of Rome by Cinna and Gaius Marius.
Trichromacy
Trichromacy or trichromatism is the possession of three independent channels for conveying color information, derived from the three different types of cone cells in the eye. Organisms with trichromacy are called trichromats.

The normal explanation of trichromacy is that the organism's retina contains three types of color receptors (called cone cells in vertebrates) with different absorption spectra. In actuality, the number of such receptor types may be greater than three, since different types may be active at different light intensities. In vertebrates with three types of cone cells, at low light intensities the rod cells may contribute to color vision.

Tetrachromacy
Tetrachromacy (from Ancient Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye. Organisms with tetrachromacy are called tetrachromats.

In tetrachromatic organisms, the sensory color space is four-dimensional, meaning that matching the sensory effect of arbitrarily chosen spectra of light within their visible spectrum requires mixtures of at least four primary colors.

Tetrachromacy is demonstrated among several species of birds, fish, and reptiles. The common ancestor of all vertebrates was a tetrachromat, but a common ancestor of mammals lost two of its four kinds of cone cell, evolving dichromacy, a loss ascribed to the conjectured nocturnal bottleneck. Some primates then later evolved a third cone.
Kapteyn's Star
Kapteyn's Star is a class M1 red subdwarf about 12.83 light-years from Earth in the southern constellation Pictor; it is the closest halo star to the Solar System and one of the nearest stars. With a slightly variable apparent magnitude of about 8.8, it is visible through binoculars or a telescope.

Its diameter is 30% of the Sun's, but its luminosity just 1.2% that of the Sun. It may have once been part of the globular cluster Omega Centauri, itself the likely core of a dwarf galaxy swallowed up by the Milky Way in the distant past. The discovery of two planets—Kapteyn b and Kapteyn c—was announced in 2014, but had a mixed history of rejections and confirmations, until a 2021 study refuted both planets. The "planets" are in fact likely artifacts of the star's rotation and activity.

Subdwarf
A subdwarf, sometimes denoted by "sd", is a star with luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system. They are defined as stars with luminosity 1.5 to 2 magnitudes lower than that of main-sequence stars of the same spectral type. On a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram subdwarfs appear to lie below the main sequence.

The term "subdwarf" was coined by Gerard Kuiper in 1939, to refer to a series of stars with anomalous spectra that were previously labeled as "intermediate white dwarfs".(p 87)

Since Kuiper coined the term, the subdwarf type has been extended to lower-mass stars than were known at the time. Astronomers have also discovered an entirely different group of blue-white subdwarfs, making two distinct categories:

Cool subdwarfs

Hot subdwarfs
Litchfield, Connecticut
Litchfield is a town in and former county seat of Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 8,192 at the 2020 census. The town is part of the Northwest Hills Planning Region. The boroughs of Bantam and Litchfield are located within the town. There are also three unincorporated villages: East Litchfield, Milton, and Northfield. Northfield, located in the southeastern corner of Litchfield, is home to a high percentage of the Litchfield population.

Litchfield (borough), Connecticut
Litchfield is a borough in, and the village center of, the town of Litchfield in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 1,258 at the 2010 census. The entire borough was designated a Connecticut historic district in 1959 by special act of the state General Assembly and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Part of the borough is also a National Historic Landmark, the Litchfield Historic District.
The Swedish Kings
The Swedish Kings (Bulgarian: Шведските крале, romanized: Shvedskite krale) is a Bulgarian comedy film released in 1968, directed by Lyudmil Kirkov, starring Kiril Gospodinov, Tsvetana Maneva, Asen Georgiev, Evstati Stratev and Konstantin Kotsev.

The construction worker Spas decides to go to a holiday at a luxurious seaside resort where he can amuse himself as a Swedish king. Soon he realizes that he is a stranger in this world of modern hotels and flashy night clubs full of snobs and insincere people.

The Swedish Kings is the first hit movie in the career of Lyudmil Kirkov. It became one of the classic works of the Bulgarian cinematography from the 1960s.

Tzvetana Maneva
Tzvetana Georgieva Maneva (Bulgarian: Цветана Георгиева Манева) (born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria on 30 January 1944) is a Bulgarian  actress. She was born in Plovdiv and her artistic career started there. The eminent Bulgarian actress made her debut in cinema in the 1960s and has appeared in more than 50 Bulgarian films.

Her parents are Nadejda Maneva and Georgi Manev. Her sister is Maria Kolarova, née Maneva.
Ukrainian energy crisis
During the Russo-Ukrainian war winter attacks on district heating and electricity in Ukraine caused crises for energy in Ukraine.

The situation created significant challenges during the 2024 winter season, with the country's generating capacity severely compromised and facing widespread blackouts, leading to difficulties in heating Ukrainian households as well as further economic challenges to the nation. The crisis was referred to by energy and geopolitical experts as one of the most severe disruptions to a national power system in recent history.

District heating
District heating (also known as heat networks) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating. The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant burning fossil fuels or biomass, but heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating, heat pumps and central solar heating are also used, as well as heat waste from factories and nuclear power electricity generation. District heating plants can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. According to some research, district heating with combined heat and power (CHPDH) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants.

District heating is ranked number 27 in Project Drawdown's 100 solutions to global warming.
Spread the Net
Spread the Net is a charitable organization that aims to reduce malaria in African nations. It was co-founded by Rick Mercer, a Canadian satirist, and Belinda Stronach, a former Canadian Member of Parliament and philanthropist.  A partnership with UNICEF Canada has allowed Spread the Net to achieve the goal of distributing 500,000 insecticide-treated bed nets to Liberia and Rwanda. Spread the Net now works with its partners to combat malaria. The campaign has donated over 539,000 nets since its founding.

Rick Mercer
Richard Vincent "Rick" Mercer OC ONL (born October 17, 1969) is a Canadian comedian, television personality, political satirist, and author. He is best known for his work on the CBC Television comedy shows This Hour Has 22 Minutes and Rick Mercer Report. He is the author of four books based on content from the shows and the two part memoir consisting of Talking to Canadians (November 2021) and The Road Years (October 2023). Mercer has received more than 25 Gemini Awards for his work on television.
Bălți
Bălți (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈbəltsʲ] ⓘ) is a city in Moldova. It is the third-largest city in terms of population, area and economic importance, after Chișinău and Tiraspol. The city holds the status of Municipality. It is a major industrial, cultural and commercial centre and transportation hub in the north of the country. It is situated 127 kilometres (79 mi) north of the capital Chișinău, and is located on the river Răut, a tributary of the Dniester, on a hilly landscape in the Bălți steppe.

Răut
Răut, also referred to as Reut (Romanian: Răut, Ukrainian and Russian: Реут (Reut), Yiddish: רעװעט (Revet)) is a river in Moldova, a right tributary of Dniester. Răut, generally navigable until the 18th-19th century, is navigable today only by small recreational boats.

The towns Bălți, Orhei, and Florești are located by the river.
Jindeok of Silla
Jindeok (Korean: 진덕; Hanja: 眞德; ?–654), reigned as Queen of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 647 to 654. She was the kingdom's 28th ruler, and its second reigning queen following her predecessor Queen Seondeok. During her reign, Silla jockeyed with Baekje for favor in the Chinese Tang court. She is also known for writing a poem of the Emperor Gaozong of Tang. According to the Samguk sagi, she was voluptuous, beautiful, and tall, standing at 7 chi.

Jinpyeong of Silla
Jinpyeong (Korean: 진평; 567? – 632, reign 579 – 632) was the 26th king of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Jinpyeong followed in the footsteps of his predecessor, King Jinji, by reorganizing the central ruling system of Silla. Upon the onset of a multitude of conflicts between Baekje and Goguryeo, he sent emissaries to improve relations and strengthen ties between Silla and the Chinese dynasties Sui and Tang. He is also known for his promotion of Buddhism as a spiritual guide for the kingdom and encouraging Buddhist teachings. His 54 year long reign is the longest in Silla's history.
Kwegu people
The Kwegu are an ethnic group that lives on the western banks of the Omo River in the newly formed South Ethiopia Region. Some members of the Kwegu also live on the eastern banks of the river among the Mursi. Previously they were hunter-gatherers, but today they are engaged in a mixed economy of hunting, farming, beekeeping, and fishing.

Omo River
The Omo River (Amharic: ኦሞ ወንዝ, romanized: Omo Wenz; also called Omo-Bottego) in southern Ethiopia is the largest Ethiopian river outside the Nile Basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya. The river is the principal stream of an endorheic drainage basin, the Turkana Basin.

The river basin is famous for its large number of early hominid fossils and archeological findings such as early stone tools, leading to its inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1980.
Tiger penis soup
Tiger penis soup (Chinese: 虎鞭汤; pinyin: Hǔ biān tāng) is a Chinese soup prepared with tiger penis. It is typically an expensive dish, due to the rarity of tiger penis. In some cultures and countries, people believe that this dish can treat male sexual dysfunction—a notion that has not been supported by scientific evidences. There has been opposition to the dish from environmental organizations, and ongoing consumption of the soup has contributed to the decline of tiger populations. The legality of the dish varies in different countries, as tigers are a protected species. Some shops in China and Hong Kong may sell deer or cattle parts while claiming that they are tiger penis.

Tiger penis
In traditional Chinese medicine, tiger penis (Vietnamese: Pín hổ; Chinese: 虎鞭; pinyin: hǔ biān) is said to have important therapeutic properties.  However, there is no scientific proof that tiger penis (or any other animal phallus) can be used to treat any medical disorder. The demand for tiger parts exacerbates the endangered status of the tiger by providing a market for poachers. While tiger penis is consumed in parts of China and Southeast Asia, the consumption of tiger penis is often condemned by most global environmental groups.

Genuine tiger genitals are unlikely to be found for sale in public markets; what is usually sold is a fraudulent product made from beef cattle.
Sabine Moussier
Diana Sabine Moussier (Spanish pronunciation: [saˈβine muˈsjeɾ]; born on July 12, 1968) is a Mexican actress who is best known for her villainous roles in Televisa's telenovelas, such as María Isabel, El privilegio de amar, Entre el amor y el odio, La madrastra, Amar sin límites, Piel de otoño, Amor sin maquillaje, Las tontas no van al cielo, Mi pecado, Abismo de pasión, La malquerida, Que te perdone Dios, Sueño de amor, Me declaro culpable and Perdona nuestros pecados. She starred as the protagonist in Ni contigo ni sin ti.

Amor sin maquillaje
Amor sin Maquillaje (Love Without Makeup) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Rosy Ocampo for Televisa, in tribute to the 50th anniversary of the creation of telenovelas in Mexico. It stars Marlene Favela, Sergio Goyri, Lucía Méndez and Carmen Montejo.
Pégase du Mûrier
Pégase du Mûrier (born April 29, 2003) is a gray show jumping stallion registered in the Selle Français studbook. Purchased at the Fences sales by a jeweler, he successfully completed the classic cycle of young French show jumping horses, before being entrusted at the age of 7 to a little-known rider, Sébastien Duplant, with whom he won the title of vice-champion of France Pro Élite in 2014. That same year, he was snapped up by international rider Roger-Yves Bost, who went on to win numerous Grand Prix titles, particularly in 2017. Retired at the end of 2018, Pégase du Mûrier is now devoted to breeding at the Saint-Lô stud farm.

Roger-Yves Bost
Roger-Yves Bost (born 21 October 1965) is a French show jumping rider. He won a team gold medal at the 2016 Rio Games and finished fourth at the 1996 Olympics.

Bost started competing in horse riding aged eight following his father, Roger Sr., a former international equestrian. Bost's children Clementine and Nicolas are also competitive equestrians. In 2007 he received the Order of Agricultural Merit from the French government.
The Stench of Redemption
The Stench of Redemption is the eighth studio album by Florida death metal band Deicide. It is their first album to feature Jack Owen (formerly of Cannibal Corpse) and Ralph Santolla (formerly of Iced Earth) on guitars. Some editions of the album include a cover of "Black Night" by Deep Purple, with rewritten lyrics by Glen Benton.

The Stench of Redemption was Deicide's most successful release to date, peaking at No. 11 on the Top Heatseekers chart. Many critics praised The Stench of Redemption as a return to form for Deicide, despite the band losing Eric and Brian Hoffman.

Jack Owen
Jack Owen (born December 6, 1967) is an American musician and guitarist of the death metal band Six Feet Under. He was one of the founding members of Cannibal Corpse.  He also had a stint with Deicide—another influential and long-running Florida death metal band—with whom he recorded four albums. In 2007, Owen played shows with Adrift before joining Order of Ennead at times when their guitarist, John Li, was unavailable.
S27 (Südostbahn)
The S27 is a rush-hour railway service that connects the Swiss municipalities of Wangen and Ziegelbrücke. Despite its name, it is not formally part of the St. Gallen S-Bahn or Zürich S-Bahn networks. Südostbahn, a private company primarily owned by the federal government and several cantons, operates the service.

Südostbahn
The Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (German, lit. 'South-Eastern Railway') – commonly abbreviated to SOB – is a Swiss railway company, and a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge network in Central and Eastern Switzerland. It resulted from the merger of the original SOB with the Bodensee–Toggenburg railway (BT) at the end of 2001.

The Schweizerische Südostbahn AG (Swiss South-Eastern Railway SA) is a small private railway jointly owned by the cantonal and federal governments as an Aktiengesellschaft (AG).
Sandy Cape
Sandy Cape (also known by the Indigenous name of Woakoh) is the most northern point on Fraser Island (also known as K'gari and Gari) off the coast of Queensland, Australia. The place was named Sandy Cape for its appearance by James Cook during his 1770 voyage up the eastern coast of Australia aboard the Endeavour.

Sandy Cape Light
Sandy Cape Light is a heritage-listed active lighthouse located on Sandy Cape, the most northern point on K'gari, Queensland, Australia. It stands about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) southwest of the northeastern tip of the island. It is the tallest lighthouse in Queensland. Built in 1870, it is the second major lighthouse to be built in Queensland after its formation in 1859. It is one of the first lighthouses in Australia to be constructed using bolted prefabricated segments of cast iron, and one of only two such lighthouses in Queensland, the other being its sibling, Bustard Head Light.
Basta così
"Basta così" is a song recorded by Italian band Negramaro, released on 15 April 2011 through Sugar Musi as the second single from the band's fourth studio album Casa 69. The single features guest vocals by Italian singer and songwriter Elisa.

Negramaro
Negramaro is an Italian pop rock band formed in 1999 and successful since 2005. Their name stems from Negroamaro, a wine produced in their native district of Salento in Apulia.

After years spent in the Italian alternative market, they became more widely known in 2005 thanks to their participation in the Sanremo Music Festival 2005 with the song "Mentre tutto scorre". The band published nine studio albums, reaching four time the number one on the Italian Albums Chart, and several successful singles and collaborations, including "Estate", "Nuvole e lenzuola", "Parlami d'amore", "Meraviglioso", "Basta così" and "Diamanti".

Throughout their career they composed two soundtracks albums for the films La febbre directed by Alessandro D'Alatri and Angel of Evil directed by Michele Placido, winning three Nastri d'Argento and being nominated at the David di Donatello. Tha band also won a MTV Europe Music Awards and two Premi Lunezia for songwriting.
Thomas Harcourt (Medal of Honor)
Thomas Harcourt (c. 1841 – Unknown) was a U.S. sailor stationed aboard the USS Minnesota during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

USS Minnesota (1855)
USS Minnesota was a wooden steam frigate in the United States Navy. Launched in 1855 and commissioned eighteen months later, the ship served in east Asia for two years before being decommissioned. She was recommissioned at the outbreak of the American Civil War and returned to service as the flagship of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron.

During the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads on 8 March 1862, Minnesota ran aground, and the following battle badly damaged her and inflicted many casualties. On the second day of the battle, USS Monitor engaged CSS Virginia, allowing tugs to free Minnesota on the morning of 10 March. Minnesota was repaired and returned to duty, and three years later she participated in the Second Battle of Fort Fisher. Minnesota served until 1898, when she was stricken, beached and burnt to recover her metal fittings and to clear her name for a newly ordered battleship, USS Minnesota (BB-22).
Skyler Day
Skyler Elizabeth Day (born August 2, 1991) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for her recurring roles as Maggie Ritter on the TeenNick series Gigantic and as Amy Ellis on the NBC series Parenthood.

Gigantic (TV series)
Gigantic is an American comedy-drama television series created by Ben and Debby Wolfinsohn. It was produced by Reveille Productions, Grady Twins Productions, and Pacific Bay Entertainment. The series aired on TeenNick from October 8, 2010 to April 22, 2011.

On April 19, 2011, the series was cancelled after one season.