hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shenzhong Township, Qinghai
Shenzhong Township (Mandarin: 申中乡) is a township in Huangyuan County, Xining, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Shenzhong Township had a total population of 14,594: 7,470 males and 7,124 females: 2,596 aged under 14, 11,086 aged between 15 and 65 and 912 aged over 65.

Huangyuan County
Huangyuan County (Chinese: 湟源县) is a county of Qinghai Province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Xining, the capital of Qinghai. The county seat is Chengguan Town, known in Mongolian as Dan Gar and Tibetan as Tongkor.

The remains of Ladrolne Gompa and Rali Hermitage may be seen between Haiyan and Tongkor. A branch of Tongkor Monastery, known as Ganden Tengyeling (Ch. Cinghosi), just to the northwest of the Chengguan, is also in ruins.
Abingdon Presbytery
Abingdon Presbytery is a part of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and within the Synod of Mid-Atlantic. It consists of 48 congregations with a total of 2,475 members. The average number of members is 52, and the median is 27 (2022). The presbytery is named after a region in southwestern Virginia that includes 13 counties and the city of Abingdon, VA.

Synod of the Mid-Atlantic
Synod of the Mid-Atlantic is an upper judicatory of the Presbyterian Church (USA) based in Richmond, Virginia. The synod oversees fourteen presbyteries in DC and five Mid-Atlantic states (Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia).
Ensoniq Soundscape Elite
The Soundscape Elite was Ensoniq's high-end ISA  PC sound card offering. It offers the highest MIDI quality of any PC sound card Ensoniq produced. The board is an evolution of the company's previous Soundscape S-2000. The Soundscape ELITE was launched in March 1995.

Ensoniq ES-5506 OTTO
The Ensoniq ES-5506 "OTTO" is a chip used in implementations of sample-based synthesis. Musical instruments and IBM PC compatible sound cards were the most popular applications.

OTTO is capable of altering the pitch and timbre of a digital recording and is capable of operating with up to 32 channels at once. Each channel can have several parameters altered, such as pitch, volume, waveform, and filtering. The chip is a VLSI device designed to be manufactured on a 1.5 micrometre double-metal CMOS process. It consists of approximately 80,000 transistors. It was part of the fourth generation of Ensoniq audio technology.
North Manchester
North Manchester was, from 1896 to 1916 a civil parish within the Poor Law Union of Manchester, in Lancashire, (now Greater Manchester) England. North Manchester was a local government sub-district used for the administration of Poor Law legislation; it was an inter-parish unit for social security. Although abolished in 1916, the name North Manchester endured for the area, and is still applied to the northern parts of the city, for instance as a registration district up until 1974.

The parish was formed on 26 March 1896 from Beswick, Blackley, Bradford, Cheetham, Clayton, Crumpsall, Harpurhey, Moston and Newton, all of which had been amalgamated into Manchester during the mid-to-late 19th century. On 1 April 1916 the parish was abolished and merged with Manchester. In 1911 the parish had a population of 208,324.

Moston, Manchester
Moston is a suburb of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north-east of the city centre. Historically in Lancashire, Moston is a predominantly residential area, with a population of 14,518 at the 2011 census and an area of approximately 1,300 acres (5.3 km2).
Frederiksberg Gardens
Frederiksberg Gardens (Danish: Frederiksberg Have) is one of the largest and most attractive greenspaces in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the adjacent Søndermarken it forms a green area of 64 hectares at the western edge of Inner Copenhagen. It is a romantic landscape garden designed in the English style.

Copenhagen Zoo
Copenhagen Zoo (Danish: København Zoo) is a zoological garden in Copenhagen, Denmark. Founded in 1859, it is one of the oldest zoos in Europe and is a member of EAZA. It comprises 11 hectares (27 acres) and is located in the municipality of Frederiksberg, sandwiched between the parks of Frederiksberg Gardens and Søndermarken. With 1,571,331 visitors in 2019 it is the most visited zoo and one of the most visited attractions in Denmark. The zoo is noted for its new Elephant House designed by British architect Sir Norman Foster. The zoo maintains and promotes a number of European breeding programmes.
Archdiocese of Seattle
The Archdiocese of Seattle (Latin: Archidiœcesis Seattlensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western Washington State in the United States. The diocese was known as the Diocese of Nesqually from 1850 to 1907. The mother church of the archdiocese is St. James Cathedral in Seattle. Its archbishop is Paul D. Etienne. The archdiocese succeeded to the Diocese of Nesqually headquartered in Vancouver, Washington, established in 1850 as a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Oregon City. The diocese was elevated to metropolitan archdiocesan status in 1951.

Thomas Joseph Murphy
Thomas Joseph Murphy (October 3, 1932 – June 26, 1997) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Seattle in Washington State from 1991 until 1997. He previously served as bishop of Great Falls-Billings in Montana from 1978 to 1987 and as coadjutor archbishop of Seattle from 1987 to 1991.
Minimum-Pairs Protocol
The minimum-pairs (or MP) is an active measurement protocol to estimate in real-time the smaller of the forward and reverse one-way network delays (OWDs).  It is designed to work in hostile environments, where a set of three network nodes can estimate an upper-bound OWD between themselves and a fourth untrusted node. All four nodes must cooperate, though honest cooperation from the fourth node is not required. The objective is to conduct such estimates without involving the untrusted nodes in clock synchronization, and in a manner more accurate than simply half the round-trip time (RTT). The MP protocol can be used in delay-sensitive applications (such as placing content delivery network replicas) or for secure Internet geolocation.

End-to-end delay
End-to-end delay or one-way delay (OWD) refers to the time taken for a packet to be transmitted across a network from source to destination. It is a common term in IP network monitoring, and differs from round-trip time (RTT) in that only the path in one direction, from source to destination, is measured.
Communist Workers' Party of Germany
The Communist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, KAPD) was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the Weimar Republic. It was founded in 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Originally the party remained a sympathising member of the Communist International. In 1922, the KAPD split into two factions, both of whom kept the name, but are referred to as the KAPD Essen Faction and the KAPD Berlin Faction.

The KAPD Essen Faction was linked to the Communist Workers International. The Entschiedene Linke joined the KAPD in 1927.

Council communism
Council communism or councilism is a current of left-communist thought that emerged in the 1920s. Inspired by the November Revolution, council communism was opposed to state socialism and advocated workers' councils and council democracy. Councilism is also opposed to Leninism and Stalinism. It is regarded as being strongest in Germany and the Netherlands during the 1920s.
Danko Popović
Slobodan Popović (Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Слобо Поповић; 19 August 1928 – 7 August 2009) (19. August 2009), was a Serbian lawyer, screenplaywriter and archivist from 1953 to 2006 at Serbian State Archives Of Yugoslavia.

The Book About Milutin
The Book About Milutin (Serbian: Knjiga o Milutinu, Књига о Милутину) is a novel by the Serbian writer Danko Popović. The novel is about Milutin, a Serbian peasant and former soldier who tells his story from jail after World War I. He talks to an imaginary listener about the tragic fate of the Serbian people, his family and Serbia. The book was published in 1985.
Belt (mechanical)
A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement. Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need not be parallel.

In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on parallel shafts). The belt drive can also be used to change the speed of rotation, either up or down, by using different sized pulleys.

As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points.

Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device invented by Louis Renault (who founded Renault) which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication or reduction, in a machine.

A transmission can have a single, or fixed, gear ratio or it can have variable ratios; a variable-ratio transmission can have multiple discrete gear ratios or be continuously variable. Variable-ratio transmissions are used in many kinds of machinery, especially vehicles.
Conclavist
A conclavist was a personal aide of a cardinal present in a papal conclave. The term is sometimes used to refer to all present with a conclave, including the cardinal-electors, but is more properly applied only to the non-cardinals. Conclavists played an important historical role in the negotiations of papal elections and in the evolution of secrecy (or the lack thereof), writing many of the extant accounts of papal elections.

Three popes have been elected from former conclavists, including Pope Pius VI (a conclavist in the 1740 conclave). Other conclavists have later been elevated to the cardinalate, such as Pierre Guérin de Tencin (1721), Niccolò Coscia (1724), Christoph Anton Migazzi (1740), and Carlo Confalonieri (1922).

Pope Paul VI in effect eliminated the role of the historical conclavist by banning private aides and creating a common support staff.

Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI (Italian: Pio VI; born Count Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Giovanni Antonio called Giovanni Angelo or Giannangelo Braschi, 25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799.

Pius VI condemned the French Revolution and the suppression of the Catholic Church in France that resulted from it. French troops commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Papal army and occupied the Papal States in 1796. In 1798, upon his refusal to renounce his temporal power, Pius was taken prisoner and transported to France. He died eighteen months later in Valence. His reign of more than twenty-four years is the fifth-longest in papal history. He was also the longest-ruling pope of the Papal States.
Vini Lopez
Vincent Lopez (born January 22, 1949), nicknamed Mad Dog, is an American drummer. Between 1968 and 1974, he backed Bruce Springsteen in several bands, including Steel Mill and the E Street Band. He also played on Springsteen's first two albums, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. and The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle. Both during and after his time with the E Street Band, Lopez played drums with numerous Jersey Shore bands.

In April 2014, Lopez was inducted by Springsteen into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the E Street Band.

Bill Chinnock
William Chinnock (November 12, 1947 – March 7, 2007), also referred to as Bill Chinnock or Billy Chinnock, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Chinnock grew up in the nearby Essex County communities of East Orange and Millburn. He was a prominent member of the Jersey Shore music scene during the late 1960s, leading bands that included future members of the E Street Band.

He subsequently moved away from the Shore and spent time in New York City and Nashville, Tennessee, before eventually settling in Yarmouth, Maine. In 1987 he won an Emmy Award after his song "Somewhere in the Night" was used as the theme on Search for Tomorrow. "Hold On To Love", a duet he recorded with Roberta Flack, was also featured as a theme song on Guiding Light.
Pleasant Valley, Nevada
Pleasant Valley is a very small, unincorporated community in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The ZIP Code for Pleasant Valley is 89521. The community is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area. Interstate 580, U.S. Route 395 and U.S. Route 395 Alternate run through it and act as dividers between the eastern and western halves of the valley.

Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County (/ˈwɒʃoʊ/) is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2020 census, the population was 486,492, making it Nevada's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Reno. Washoe County is included in the Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The Washoe County landing ship tank was named after this county.
Second Battle of Porto
The Second Battle of Porto, also known as the Battle of the Douro or the Crossing of the Douro, took place on 12 May 1809. General Arthur Wellesley's Anglo-Portuguese Army defeated Marshal Soult's French troops and took back the city of Porto.  After taking command of the British troops in Portugal on 22 April, Wellesley (later named 1st Duke of Wellington, Marquess Douro) immediately advanced on Porto and made a surprise crossing of the Douro River, approaching Porto where its defences were weak. Soult's late attempts to muster a defence were in vain. The French quickly abandoned the city in a disorderly retreat.

This battle ended the Second French invasion of Portugal. Soult soon found his retreat route to the east blocked and was forced to destroy his guns and burn his baggage train. Wellesley pursued the French army, but Soult's army escaped annihilation by fleeing through the mountains.

William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford
William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, GCB, GCH, PC (/ˈkɑːr ˈbɛrɪsfərd/; 2 October 1768 – 8 January 1854) was a British army officer and politician. A general in the British Army and a Marshal in the Portuguese Army, he fought alongside the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War and held the office of Master-General of the Ordnance in 1828 in the First Wellington ministry. He led the 1806 failed British invasion of Buenos Aires.
Muscowpetung 80
Muscowpetung 80 is an Indian reserve of the Muscowpetung First Nation in Saskatchewan. It is 31 kilometres (19 mi) west of Fort Qu'Appelle along the south-west shore of Pasqua Lake, which is one of four Fishing Lakes. In the 2016 Canadian Census, it recorded a population of 275 living in 87 of its 112 total private dwellings. In the same year, its Community Well-Being index was calculated at 54 of 100, compared to 58.4 for the average First Nations community and 77.5 for the average non-Indigenous community.

Lake Muscowpetung, which is a small lake on the Muscowpetung Indian Reserve along the Qu'Appelle River, is sometimes referred to as one of the Fishing Lakes. It is located just west of Pasqua Lake.

Pasqua Lake
Pasqua Lake is a lake along the course of the Qu'Appelle River in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Pasqua Lake was named after Chief Joseph Pasqua who formed what became the Pasqua First Nation. It is one of four lakes that make up the Fishing Lakes, which are all in the Qu'Appelle Valley. The Qu'Appelle Valley was formed about 14,000 years ago during the last ice age as meltwater from the glaciers carved out the valley. As water levels rose and fell, alluvium was left in the wake. These piles of alluvium are what created the separations between the lakes.
Daniel Webster Wildlife Sanctuary
The Daniel Webster Wildlife Sanctuary is a sanctuary owned by the Massachusetts Audubon Society, the largest conservation organization in New England, in the town of Marshfield, Massachusetts.  The sanctuary, formerly the farm of Edward Dwyer, statesman Daniel Webster and the William Thomas family of Marshfield, the first English landowner to live on the sanctuary land, was purchased by Mass Audubon in 1984 thanks to the volunteer efforts of the Committee for the Preservation of Dwyer Farm for the People of Marshfield.  The sanctuary contains 507 acres (2.1 km2) of mixed cultural grasslands, red maple swamps, a five-tiered wet panne, Webster Pond and a section of the Green Harbor River.  It is the site of the annual Daniel Webster Farm Day celebration.  Surrounding lands owned by the town of Marshfield and the Marshfield Airport increase the local open space area to more than 1000 acres (4 km2).

Marshfield, Massachusetts
Marshfield is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, on Massachusetts's South Shore. The population was 25,825 at the 2020 census.

It includes the census-designated places (CDPs) of Marshfield, Marshfield Hills, Ocean Bluff-Brant Rock, and Cedar Crest, and shares the Green Harbor CDP with the town of Duxbury.
Alpine Loop Back Country Byway
The Alpine Loop Back Country Byway is a rugged 63-mile (101 km) Back Country Byway and Colorado Scenic and Historic Byway located in the high San Juan Mountains of Hindale, Ouray, and San Juan counties, Colorado, USA. The byway connects the mountain towns of Lake City, Ouray, and Silverton. The route ranges in elevation from (a mere) 7,792 feet (2,375 m) in Ouray to 12,800 feet (3,901 m) at Engineer Pass. The byway features high mountain passes, alpine tundra, beautiful mountain meadows, ghost towns, and relics of the silver mining era. While the meadows and tundra are accessible to ordinary passenger vehicles, a high-clearance 4-wheel drive vehicle is required to travel the entire route.

The Silverton Historic District and the Shenandoah-Dives (Mayflower) Mill are National Historic Landmarks. The Alpine Loop connects with the San Juan Skyway Scenic and Historic Byway at Ouray and Silverton.

Animas Forks, Colorado
Animas Forks is an extinct mining town located 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Silverton in San Juan County, Colorado, United States. The area is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. At an elevation of 11,185 feet (3,409 m), Animas Forks is one of the highest mining camps in North America.
Crystal Palace (Ljubljana)
The Crystal Palace (Slovene: Kristalna palača) is a skyscraper in Ljubljana, Slovenia, situated within the BTC City shopping centre in Nove Jarše district in the northwestern part of the city. Standing 89 metres (290 ft) and 20 storeys tall, it is currently the tallest building in Slovenia.

The building houses high end stores, a wellness centre, business offices, and a congress hall.

BTC City
BTC City (Slovene: Družba BTC) is a shopping mall, sports, entertainment and business area in Ljubljana, Slovenia, with more than 500 shops. It is one of the largest shopping and entertainment complexes in Europe.
Danubyu Township
Danubyu Township (Burmese: ဓနုဖြူမြို့နယ်), also spelt Danuphyu and formerly as Donabyu, is a township of Maubin District in the Ayeyarwady Region of Burma (Myanmar). Danubyu Township is known as the death place of the general Maha Bandula at Danubyu Fort effectively ending the First Anglo-Burmese War by forcing the Burmese to surrender to the British.

The Township consists of 1 town, 18 wards, 63 village groups and 449 villages and spans over the Irrawaddy River. The Township is named after its capital, Danubyu, which is split into 18 wards. It is bordered to the north by the Hinthada District with Zalun Township for most of the northern boundary with Hinthada Township for a small section to the northwest. To its west, it borders Kyonpyaw Township of the Pathein District. Pantanaw Township in the southwest and Nyaungdon Township in the southeast form the southern border within Maubin District. Danubyu Township has an eastern border with Yangon Region and its Hlegu Township.

Zalun Township
Zalun Township (Burmese: ဇလွန်မြို့နယ်) is a township of Hinthada District, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar. The township has one town- the principal town of Zalun, which is further divided into five wards. The township also has 66 village tracts grouping together 456 villages.
One-north MRT station
one-north MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Circle Line (CCL) in Queenstown, Singapore. Located along Ayer Rajah Avenue underneath Fusionpolis One, the station serves the business park of one-north. Other surrounding developments include one-north Park and Dover Medical Centre.

The station was announced as part of CCL Stages 4 and 5 and revenue service began on 8 October 2011. one-north station features A Visual Narrative of Pandemonic Rhythmic Movement by Yek Wong as part of the MRT network's Art-in-Transit programme.

Queenstown, Singapore
Queenstown is a planning area and satellite residential town situated on the south-westernmost fringe of the Central Region of Singapore. It borders Bukit Timah to the north, Tanglin to the northeast, Bukit Merah to the east and southeast, as well as Clementi to the northwest and west. Its southern and southwesternmost limits are bounded by the Pandan Strait.

Developed by the Singapore Improvement Trust in the 1950s and subsequently by the Housing and Development Board in the 1960s, Queenstown was the first satellite town to be built in the country. Most apartments within the township consists of simple one, two, or three-room flats, typically in low-rise, walk-up blocks. Major development work was carried out during the first Five-Year Building Programme between 1960 and 1965.  A total of 19,372 dwelling units were constructed between 1952 and 1968.

The headquarters of Grab, Razer and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) are located in Queenstown.
Binomial ring
In mathematics, a binomial ring is a commutative ring whose additive group is torsion-free and contains all binomial coefficients

for x in the ring and n a positive integer. Binomial rings were introduced by Hall (1969).

Elliott (2006) showed that binomial rings are essentially the same as λ-rings for which all Adams operations are the identity.

Λ-ring
In algebra, a λ-ring or lambda ring is a commutative ring together with some operations λn on it that behave like the exterior powers of vector spaces. Many rings considered in K-theory carry a natural λ-ring structure. λ-rings also provide a powerful formalism for studying an action of the symmetric functions on the ring of polynomials, recovering and extending many classical results (Lascoux (2003)).

λ-rings were introduced by Grothendieck (1957, 1958, p.148). For more about λ-rings see Atiyah & Tall (1969), Knutson (1973), Hazewinkel (2009) and Yau (2010).
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex
Sai Ying Pun Community Complex is located at 2 High Street, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. It is a nine-storey building built on the site of the Old Mental Hospital, of which only the granite façade and arched verandah were preserved.

High Street, Hong Kong
High Street (Chinese: 高街) is a one-way street in Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, available only to minibuses and private vehicles. It connects Bonham Road in the east and Pok Fu Lam Road in the west. It runs from east to west from Western Street to Pok Fu Lam Road, and from west to east from Western Street to Bonham Road. It was originally named Fourth Street, but because the number four is commonly avoided in Chinese culture, the government changed the name to High Street.