hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexander Ginzburg
Alexander "Alik" Ilyich Ginzburg (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ги́нзбург, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɨˈlʲjidʑ ˈɡʲinzbʊrk] ⓘ; 21 November 1936 – 19 July 2002), was a Russian journalist, poet, human rights activist and dissident. Between 1961 and 1969 he was sentenced three times to labor camps. In 1979, Ginzburg was released and expelled to the United States, along with four other political prisoners (Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Valentin Moroz, and Georgy Vins) and their families, as part of a prisoner exchange.

Eduard Kuznetsov (dissident)
Eduard Samoilovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Эдуа́рд Само́йлович Кузнецо́в, Hebrew: אדוארד קוזנצוב; 29 January 1939 – 22 December 2024) was a Soviet-Israeli dissident, refusenik, journalist, and writer. One of the leaders of the 1970 Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair, Kuznetsov's case drew international attention following his death sentence. As a result of global protests, his sentence was commuted to fifteen years' imprisonment.

Kuznetsov was released in 1979 as part of a prisoner exchange between the Soviet Union and the United States. He subsequently made aliyah to Israel. Throughout the 1980s, he participated in the operations of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty before beginning the publication of the Russian-language Israeli newspaper Vesti in 1992. Kuznetsov is the author of three novels, two of which were written in prison and smuggled out of the country.

Kuznetsov died in Israel on 22 December 2024, at the age of 85.
Luigi Durand de la Penne
Marquis Luigi Durand de la Penne (11 February 1914 – 17 January 1992) was an Italian Navy admiral who served as naval diver in the Decima MAS during World War II. He was born in Genoa, where he also died.

Durand de la Penne graduated from the Italian Naval Academy in Livorno in 1934. He joined the I Flottiglia MAS in 1935.

Human torpedo
Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing. They were used as secret naval weapons in World War II. The basic concept is still in use.

The name was commonly used to refer to the weapons that Italy, and later (with a larger version) Britain, deployed in the Mediterranean and used to attack ships in enemy harbours. The human torpedo concept has occasionally been used by recreational divers, although this use is closer to midget submarines.

More broadly, the term human torpedo was used in the past to refer to vehicles which are now referred to as wet submarines and diver propulsion vehicles. Midget submarines which are employed to directly support frogman operations, whether possessing airlocks or not, if used as underwater tugs to transport equipment and frogmen clinging to their exterior, also blur the line between the human torpedo and more sophisticated underwater vehicles.
Louis Le Comte
Louis le Comte (1655–1728), also Louis-Daniel Lecomte, was a French Jesuit and mathematician who participated in the 1687 French Jesuit mission to China under Jean de Fontaney. He arrived in China on 7 February 1688. He had travelled with a group of Jesuit mathematicians and scientists including Joachim Bouvet, Claude de Visdelou, Guy Tachard and Jean-François Gerbillon.

He returned to France in 1691 as Procurator of the Jesuits. His Nouveau mémoire sur l'état présent de la Chine, which was published in Paris in 1696, caused great debate within the Chinese Rites Controversy.

By 1696, he had been appointed Mathematician to the King of France.

Guy Tachard
Guy Tachard (French: [gi taʃaʁ]; 1651 – 1712), also known as Père Tachard, was a French Jesuit missionary and mathematician of the 17th century, who was sent on two occasions to the Kingdom of Siam by Louis XIV. He was born in Marthon, near Angoulême.

In 1680, Tachard went to the Caribbean (Antilles) with Jean II d'Estrées.

Tachard was involved in embassies to Siam, which came as responses to embassies sent by the Siamese King Narai to France in order to obtain an alliance against the Dutch.
Apotropaic magic
Apotropaic magic (From Ancient Greek: ἀποτρέπω, romanized: apotrépō, lit. 'to ward off') or protective magic is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of superstition or out of tradition, as in good luck charms (perhaps some token on a charm bracelet), amulets, or gestures such as crossed fingers or knocking on wood, or as part of complex rituals of social transformation such as migration. Many different objects and charms are used for protection by many peoples throughout history.

Knole
Knole (/noʊl/) is an English country house and former archbishop's palace owned by the National Trust. It is situated within Knole Park, a 1,000-acre (400-hectare) park located immediately to the south-east of Sevenoaks in west Kent. The house ranks in the top five of England's largest houses, under any measure used, occupying a total of 4 acres (16,000 m2; 170,000 sq ft).

The current house dates back to the mid-15th century, with major additions in the 16th and, particularly, the early 17th centuries. Its Grade I listing reflects its mix of late-medieval to Stuart structures and particularly its central façade and state rooms. In 2019, an extensive conservation project, "Inspired by Knole", was completed to restore and develop the structures of the buildings and thus help to conserve its important collections. The surrounding deer park has also survived with varying degrees of management in the 400 years since 1600.
Ivaylo Valchev
Ivaylo Vanev Valchev (Bulgarian: Ивайло Ванев Вълчев; 9 January 1972) is a Bulgarian poet, screenwriter, lyricist, and politician of There is Such a People (ITN). He was elected member of the European Parliament in 2024.

Slavi Trifonov
Stanislav Todorov Trifonov (Bulgarian: Станислав Тодоров Трифонов; born 18 October 1966), known as Slavi Trifonov (Bulgarian: Слави Трифонов), is a Bulgarian TV host, tambourine and viola player, singer and politician. Trifonov is mainly active in the traditional Bulgarian folklore music genres, but he has experimented with other genres such as hip-hop in collaboration with the Australian-based producer Yasen Subev, and pop-rock and punk as a part of Ku-Ku Band (Bulgarian: Ку-Ку Бенд). His name is associated mainly with the Slavi's Show, Exiles, Canaletto and KU-KU.
Mito HollyHock
Mito HollyHock (水戸ホーリーホック, Mito Hōrīhokku) is a Japanese professional association football club located in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture. The club currently competes in the J1 League after clinching the 2025 J2 League title.

Mito, Ibaraki
Mito (水戸市, Mito-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲi.to, mʲi.toꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 268,036 in 126,055 households and a population density of 1,233 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 27.1%. The total area of the city is 217.32 square kilometres (83.91 sq mi).
Workforce Australia
Workforce Australia is an Australian Government-funded network of organisations (private and community, and originally also government) that are contracted by the Australian Government, through the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), to deliver employment services to unemployed job seekers on Government income support payments and employers.

Providers were initially selected for the network and allocated business through a competitive public tender process, with contract periods running for varying lengths of time determined by the Australian Government. There were over 1,000 sites across Australia delivering Job Services Australia.

To be eligible for support, people need to be in receipt of eligible income support payments, such as Newstart Allowance, Youth Allowance, the Disability Support Pension or Parenting Payment.

Centrelink
The Centrelink Master Program, or more commonly known as Centrelink, is a Services Australia master program of the Australian Government. It delivers a range of government payments and services for retirees, the unemployed, families, carers, parents, people with disabilities, Indigenous Australians, students, apprentices and people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, and provides services at times of major change. The majority of Centrelink's services are the disbursement of social security payments.
Shio, Ishikawa
Shio (志雄町, Shio-machi) was a town located in Hakui District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,112 and a density of 122.07 persons per km2. The total area was 58.26 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Shio, along with the town of Oshimizu (also from Hakui District), was merged to create the town of Hōdatsushimizu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Hōdatsushimizu, Ishikawa
Hōdatsushimizu (宝達志水町, Hōdatsushimizu-chō) is a town located in Hakui District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2018, the town had an estimated population of 13,418 in 4962 households, and a population density of 84 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 111.52 square kilometres (43.06 sq mi). In 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization recognised Hōdatsushimizu under its Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme as a sustainable agricultural model.
Nathaniel Bladen
Nathaniel Bladen (born 1642) was an English barrister who was Steward to the Earl of Danby for twenty years as Danby rose to be the most powerful politician of the day before he was engulfed in the Popish Plot and incarcerated in the Tower of London.

Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds
Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, KG (20 February 1632 – 26 July 1712) was an English Tory statesman. During the reign of Charles II of England, he was the leading figure in the English government for roughly five years in the mid-1670s. Osborne fell out of favour due to corruption and other scandals. He was impeached and eventually imprisoned in the Tower of London for five years until James II of England acceded in 1685. In 1688, he was one of the Immortal Seven who invited William of Orange to depose James II during the Glorious Revolution. Osborne was again the leading figure in England's government for a few years in the early 1690s before dying in 1712.
Market Street subway
The Market Street subway is a two-level rail subway that carries Muni Metro and BART trains under Market Street in San Francisco, California. It runs under the length of Market Street between Embarcadero station and Castro station. The upper level is used by Muni Metro lines and the lower level is used by BART lines. BART does not run through the whole subway; it turns south and runs under Mission Street southwest of Civic Center/UN Plaza station. The northeastern end of the BART level is connected to the Transbay Tube. On the Muni Metro level, the southwestern end of the Market Street subway connects to the much-older Twin Peaks Tunnel, and the northeastern end connects to surface tracks along the Embarcadero.

Bay Area Rapid Transit
Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a rapid transit system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California. BART serves 50 stations along six routes and 131 miles (211 kilometers) of track, including eBART, a 9-mile (14 km) spur line running to Antioch, and Oakland Airport Connector, a 3-mile (4.8 km) automated guideway transit line serving Oakland San Francisco Bay Airport. With an average of 186,000 weekday passenger trips as of the fourth quarter of 2025 and 55,483,900 annual passenger trips in 2025, BART is the seventh-busiest rapid transit system in the United States.

BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District which formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The system has been extended several times, most recently in 2020, when Milpitas and Berryessa/North San José stations opened as part of the under construction Silicon Valley BART extension in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA).
Miss Ellie (dog)
Miss Ellie (c. 1993 – June 1, 2010), a blind American  Chinese Crested hairless dog, was the 2009 winner in the pedigree section of the World's Ugliest Dog Contest. She appeared in shows at the Comedy Barn in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, and was featured on the Animal Planet cable show Dogs 101. Dawn Goehring rescued Miss Ellie at seven years old. Miss Ellie died on June 1, 2010, at age 17.

World's Ugliest Dog Contest
The World's Ugliest Dog Contest is an annual contest held since the 1970s that takes place at the Sonoma-Marin Fair in Petaluma, California during the fourth week of June. One dog is crowned “The World’s Ugliest Dog” and its owner receives a trophy, a check for $1,600 (in 2017), and a free trip to New York City. There is significant media coverage, and as many as 20,000–30,000 people attend the contest during the fair each year. The fair now holds an all-day Dog Lovers' Festival preceding the evening contest.

In 2009 the Sonoma-Marin Fair trademarked the phrase World's Ugliest Dog. An anniversary book titled "World's Ugliest Dogs" was published in 2013, featuring text by the producer of the past seven years, Vicki DeArmon, and photos from World's Ugliest Dog Contests of years past.
Port Talbot (electoral ward)
The electoral ward of Port Talbot in Neath Port Talbot county borough covers the town centre of Port Talbot and the district of Pen-y-cae.  The rest of the ward to the east consists of grassland and woodland.  The electoral ward is coterminous with the Port Talbot community boundaries.

Port Talbot is bounded by the wards of Baglan and Bryn and Cwmavon to the north; Taibach and Margam to the south; and Aberavon to the west and is in the Senedd constituency of Aberavon and the UK constituency of Aberafan Maesteg.

Port Talbot
Port Talbot (/ˌpɔːrt ˈtɔːlbət/, UK also /pɔːr-, pə-, -ˈtælbət, -ˈtɒlbət/) is a town and community in the county borough of Neath Port Talbot, Wales, situated on the east side of Swansea Bay, approximately eight miles (thirteen kilometres) from Swansea. The Port Talbot Steelworks covers a large area of land which dominates the south east of the town. It is the largest steelworks in the United Kingdom, and one of the largest in the world, but has been under threat of closure since the 1980s. The population was 31,550 in 2021, comprising about a fifth of the 141,931 population of Neath Port Talbot.
Walter Burley Griffin Incinerator, Willoughby
The Walter Burley Griffin Incinerator is a heritage-listed former incinerator and now art gallery, artists studios and public recreation area at 2 Small Street, Willoughby, City of Willoughby, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed in partnership between Walter Burley Griffin and Eric Nicholls and built from 1933 to 1934 by Reverberatory Incinerator and Engineering Company and Nisson Leonard-Kanevsky. It is also known as Willoughby Municipal Incinerator. The property is owned by the Willoughby City Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Willoughby, New South Wales
Willoughby is a suburb located on the lower North Shore of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 8 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Willoughby.

The City of Willoughby takes its name from the suburb but its administrative centre is located in the adjacent suburb of Chatswood, which is the local area's major commercial centre.
Rickreall, Oregon
Rickreall (/ˈrɪkriɔːl/ RIK-ree-awl) is an unincorporated community in Polk County, Oregon, United States. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Rickreall as a census-designated place (CDP). The census definition of the area may not precisely correspond to local understanding of the area with the same name. The population of the CDP was 76 at the 2020 census. Rickreall is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. Rickreall Creek runs along the community's southern edge.

Salem metropolitan area (Oregon)
The Salem metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties in western Oregon, Marion and Polk. The principal city is Salem, the state capital, which has a population of 175,535.

A July 1, 2024 census estimate placed the population at 443,416, an increase of 2.27% from the 2020 census, an increase of 11.88% from the 2010 census, and an increase of 21.70% from the 2000 census.
Løvenskiold family
The Løvenskiold family (until 1739 Leopoldus) is a Dano-Norwegian noble family of German origin. Members of the family now live primarily in Norway. Originally named Leopoldus, it was one of the early patrician Norwegian families to buy noble status, in 1739, when it was also granted the surname Løvenskiold.

Norwegian patriciate
The Norwegian patriciate (in Norwegian borgerskap or patrisiat) was a social class in Norway from the 17th century until the modern age; it is typically considered to have ended sometime during the 19th or early 20th century as a distinct class. Jørgen Haave defines the Norwegian patriciate as a broad collective term for the civil servants (embetsmenn) and the burghers in the cities who were often merchants or ship's captains, i.e. the non-noble upper class. Thus it corresponds to term patriciate in its modern, broad generic sense in English. The patricians did not constitute a legally defined class as such, although its constituent groups, the civil servants and the burghers held various legal privileges, with the clergy de jure forming one of the two privileged estates of the realm until 1814.
Coleen Garcia
Danielle Claudine "Coleen" Ortega Garcia-Crawford (born September 24, 1992) is a Filipino actress. Garcia began her career as a child and teenager appearing in several commercials. She eventually signed by Star Magic, where she has starred in several television series and films produced by ABS-CBN. From 2012 to 2016, she co-hosted the channel's noontime variety show It's Showtime, which she had left to focus solely on her acting career. Garcia's lead roles include the films Ex with Benefits (2015), Love Me Tomorrow (2016), and Sin Island (2018), as well as the teleseryes Pasión de Amor (2015–2016) and Ikaw Lang ang Iibigin (2017–2018).

Enrique Gil
Enrique Mari Bacay Gil V (Tagalog: [ɛnˈɾikɛ ˈhil]; born March 30, 1992) is a Filipino actor and dancer. Gil has appeared in various films and television shows in the Philippines such as Mula sa Puso (2011), Budoy (2011–12), Princess and I (2012–13), Muling Buksan ang Puso (2013) and She's the One (2013). He gained wider recognition for his role as Alexander "Xander" Grande III in the television series Forevermore in 2014–15, alongside Liza Soberano. Gil has since starred in blockbuster films such as Just the Way You Are (2015), Everyday I Love You (2015), Dukot (2016), My Ex and Whys (2017), Seven Sundays (2017), and Alone/Together (2019); and hit television series Dolce Amore (2016), Bagani (2018), and Make It With You (2020). He has received various accolades, including a FAMAS Award and six Box Office Entertainment Awards. In 2024, Gil ventured into co-producing films, which were I Am Not Big Bird and Strange Frequencies: Taiwan Killer Hospital, respectively.
1992 Portuguese Grand Prix
The 1992 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autódromo do Estoril on 27 September 1992. It was the fourteenth race of the 1992 Formula One World Championship.

The 71-lap race was won from pole position by Briton Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Renault. In the process, Mansell set new records for the most wins (nine) and the most points (108) in one season. McLaren-Honda drivers, Austrian Gerhard Berger and Brazilian Ayrton Senna, finished second and third respectively.

Circuito do Estoril
The Circuito do Estoril or Autódromo do Estoril (Estoril Circuit), officially known as Autódromo Fernanda Pires da Silva, is a motorsport race track on the Portuguese Riviera, outside of Lisbon, owned by state-run holding management company Parpública. Its length is 4.182 km (2.599 mi). It was the home of the Formula One Portuguese Grand Prix from 1984 to 1996. The circuit has an FIA Grade 1 license.
Fiordimonte
Fiordimonte is a frazione of the comune of Valfornace in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Macerata. It was a separate comune until 1 January 2017, when it was merged with Pievebovigliana, which created the Valfornace comune.

Pievebovigliana
Pievebovigliana is a frazione of Valfornace in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Ancona and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Macerata. It was a separate comune until January 1, 2017, when it was merged with Fiordimonte, which created the Valfornace comune. It is located in  the Monti Sibillini National Park.
Amine
In chemistry, amines (/əˈmiːn, ˈæmiːn/, UK also /ˈeɪmiːn/) are organic compounds that contain carbon–nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of electrons. Amines can also exist as heterocyclic compounds. Aniline () is the simplest aromatic amine, consisting of a benzene ring bonded to an amino () group.

Amines are classified into three types: primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines. Primary amines (1°) contain one alkyl or aryl substituent and have the general formula . Secondary amines (2°) have two alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, with the general formula . Tertiary amines (3°) contain three substituent groups bonded to the nitrogen atom, and are represented by the formula .

The functional group −NH2 present in primary amines is called the amino group.

Methylamine
Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of CH3NH2. This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

Methylamine is sold as a solution in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or water, or as the anhydrous gas in pressurized metal containers. Industrially, methylamine is transported in its anhydrous form in pressurized railcars and tank trailers. It has a strong odor similar to rotten fish. Methylamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of numerous other commercially available compounds.
Krishnaji Gopal Karve
Krishnāji Gopāl Karve (1887 – 19 April 1910) was an Indian freedom fighter, a revolutionary. He had completed his B.A.(Hons) and had taken admission to LLB in Mumbai University.
He was a member of the Abhinav Bharat Society in Nashik. On 21 December 1909, he along with Anant Laxman Kanhere and Vinayak Narayan Deshpande shot Jackson, the Collector of Nashik. He was sentenced to death in the Bombay high court and hanged in Thane Jail on 19 April 1910.

Anant Laxman Kanhere
Anant Laxman Kanhere (7 January 1892 – 19 April 1910) was an Indian freedom fighter. On 21 December 1909, he shot Arthur Mason Tippetts Jackson, who was the district collector of Nashik in British India. The murder was an important event in the history of Nashik and the Indian revolutionary movement in Maharashtra.
Zurich–Winterthur railway
The Zurich–Winterthur railway is Switzerland's busiest railway line. Opened in 1855, it runs from Zürich Hauptbahnhof to Winterthur via several routes. It is a bottleneck in Swiss rail transport. Practically all lines of the core network of the Zurich S-Bahn use parts of this line.

Zurich Hardbrücke railway station
Zurich Hardbrücke railway station (German: Bahnhof Zürich Hardbrücke) is a railway station in the central part of the Swiss city of Zürich. It is situated below Hardbrücke, a road bridge that lends its name to the station. Hardbrücke station is only 1.9 kilometres (1.2 miles) away from Zürich HB (main station) and situated near the business and entertainment district Zürich West, next to the Prime Tower. It lies within fare zone 110 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV).