hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
File Retrieval and Editing System
The File Retrieval and Editing SyStem, or FRESS, was a hypertext system developed at Brown University starting in 1968 by Andries van Dam and his students, including Bob Wallace.  It was the first hypertext system to run on readily available commercial hardware and OS.  It is also possibly the first computer-based system to have had an "undo" feature for quickly correcting small editing or navigational mistakes.

Andries van Dam
Andries "Andy" van Dam (born December 8, 1938) is a Dutch-American professor of computer science and former vice-president for research at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Together with Ted Nelson he contributed to the first hypertext system, Hypertext Editing System (HES) in the late 1960s. He co-authored Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice along with J.D. Foley, S.K. Feiner, and John Hughes. He also co-founded the precursor of the ACM SIGGRAPH conference.

Van Dam serves on several technical boards and committees. He teaches an introductory course in computer science and courses in computer graphics at Brown University.

Van Dam received his B.S. degree with Honors in Engineering Sciences from Swarthmore College in 1960 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963 and 1966, respectively.
Filip Remunda
Filip Remunda (born 1973 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech film director, cinematographer and producer. He is best known for co-directing the 2004 documentary comedy Czech Dream (Czech: Český sen).

Czech Dream
50°07′48″N 14°31′05″E﻿ / ﻿50.130°N 014.518°E﻿ / 50.130; 014.518

Czech Dream (Czech: Český sen) is a 2004 documentary film directed by two Czech film directors, Vít Klusák and Filip Remunda. It recorded a large-scale hoax perpetrated by Klusák and Remunda on the Czech public, culminating in the opening event of a fake hypermarket in the Letňany neighborhood of Prague. The film was their graduation project for film school.
Tony Rickardsson
Jan Tony Sören Rickardsson (born on 17 August 1970) is a Swedish former professional motorcycle speedway rider. He competed in the Speedway World Championships from 1989 to 2006 and won six Speedway World Championship titles in 15 attempts. He earned 43 caps for the Sweden national speedway team. In 2011, Rickardsson was named an FIM Legend for his motorcycling achievements.

Peter Nahlin
Jan Erik Peter Nahlin (born 1 May 1968 in Eskilstuna) is a Swedish former Motorcycle speedway rider who became the 1988 World Under-21 Champion. He earned 32 caps for the Sweden national speedway team.
Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome
Thado Dhamma Yaza III (Burmese: သတိုးဓမ္မရာဇာ, pronounced [ðədó dəma̰ jàzà]; also known as Mingyi Hnaung (မင်းကြီးနှောင်း, [mɪ́ɴdʑí n̥áʊɴ]); c. 1571–1597) was viceroy of Prome (Pyay) from 1589 to 1595, and self-styled king of Prome from 1595 to 1597. Hnaung was initially a loyal vassal of his father King Nanda until 1594 when he openly clashed with his brother Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa. Hnaung revolted in 1595 during the Siamese siege of Pegu (Bago). His revolt started a string of other revolts by the major vassal states of the Toungoo Empire in the next two years. His attempts to take over territories beyond Prome's traditional vassals in the present-day Magwe Region were unsuccessful. The self-proclaimed king was assassinated by Yan Naing, one of his trusted advisers, on the eve of his planned invasion of Upper Burma in 1597.

Minye Kyawswa II of Ava
Minye Kyawswa (Burmese: မင်းရဲကျော်စွာ, pronounced [mɪ́ɴjɛ́ tɕɔ̀zwà]; also spelled Minyekyawswa; c. 16 November 1567 – late December 1599) was heir apparent of Burma from 1593 to 1599, and viceroy of Ava from 1587 to 1593. For the last six years of his life, he was the deputy of his father King Nanda, who presided over the collapse of the Toungoo Empire. In December 1599, he betrayed his father, and defected to the forces led by Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo and Raza II of Arakan. But the promise of good treatment was not kept; the last crown prince of the Toungoo Empire was killed a few days later.
Jess Thirlby
Jessica Thirlby (née Garland; born 15 November 1979) is a former England netball international and the current head coach of the England national netball team. As a player, she was a member of the Team Bath squad that won the inaugural 2005–06 Netball Superleague title. She also represented England at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. As a head coach, she guided Team Bath to further Netball Superleague titles in 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2013. In July 2019, Thirlby was appointed head coach of the senior England national netball team. Under Thirlby's guidance, England have finished as runners up at the 2023 Netball World Cup and won the 2021 and 2024 Taini Jamison Trophy Series' and the 2025 Netball Nations Cup.

Team Bath (netball)
Team Bath is an English netball team based at the University of Bath. In 2005–06 they were both founder members and the inaugural champions of the Super League. They were Super League champions again in 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2013, and British Fast5 All-Stars Champions in 2021.  In 2023, England Netball announced plans to relaunch the Netball Super League in 2025, with an aim to professionalise the league. During the tender process, the new operating standards for clubs made it unfeasible for Team Bath's senior team to participate in the league and it was disbanded after the 2024 season. The franchise was given a license to continue to deliver the southwest performance pathway on behalf of England Netball including a NXT Gen team.

The netball team is one of several sports teams based at the University of Bath that use the Team Bath brand name. Others include an association football team and a field hockey team.
Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta
25°34′00″N 83°17′20″E﻿ / ﻿25.566654°N 83.288943°E﻿ / 25.566654; 83.288943
The Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta was discovered in the village of Bhitari near Saidpur in Uttar Pradesh and dates to the reign of Gupta Empire (Gop Empire, Gop in Sanskrit and Gupt in Pali) ruler Skandagupta (c. 455 – c. 467 CE). Further, the inscription is written in Sanskrit and is 15 feet high.

Among other things, the inscription is extremely important in understanding the chronology of the various Gupta rulers. It also mentions the conflict between Skandagupta and the Pushyamitras as well as the Hunas.

Pushyamitras
The Pushyamitras were a tribe who lived in Central India during the 5th century CE. Living on the banks of the river Narmada, they are believed to have posed a serious threat to the Gupta Empire during the late period of Kumaragupta I's reign.
Kim Hyun-joong
Kim Hyun-joong (Korean: 김현중; born June 6, 1986) is a South Korean actor, singer and songwriter. He is leader of the boy band SS501 and played roles in the Korean dramas Boys Over Flowers (2009) and Playful Kiss (2010). After debuting with SS501 in 2005, Kim released his first Korean solo album, Break Down, in 2011, and his first Japanese solo album, Unlimited, in 2012. Due to his commercial success, Kim is considered one of South Korea's biggest hallyu stars of the early 2010s.

Break Down (EP)
Break Down is the debut Korean solo mini album of Kim Hyun-joong of South Korean boy band SS501. It was released on 7 June 2011 under KeyEast Entertainment. A Limited Edition was released on 23 June 2011, with a bonus DVD with music videos and behind-the-scene footages. The album was released in Taiwan by Warner Music Taiwan in two versions: Regular and Commemorate Editions.
Samuel Ringgold Ward
Samuel Ringgold Ward (October 17, 1817 – c. 1866) was an African American who escaped enslavement to become an abolitionist, newspaper editor, labor leader, and Congregational church minister.

He was author of the influential book Autobiography of a Fugitive Negro: his anti-slavery labours in the United States, Canada and England, written after his speeches throughout Britain in 1853. It enabled him to raise funds for the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, where many escaped slaves from the USA were arriving in the 1850s.

James Sherman (minister)
James Sherman  (21 February 1796 – 15 February 1862), was an English Congregationalist minister. He was an abolitionist, and a popular preacher at The Castle Street Chapel in Reading from 1821 to 1836. He and his second wife Martha Sherman made a success of Surrey Chapel, Blackfriars, London from 1836−54. Martha died in 1848.

Sherman was successor at the Surrey Chapel to Rowland Hill. Although he subsequently became known as a Congregationalist, Sherman was originally ordained to the Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion.
Jamshid Eshaghi
Jamshid Eshaghi (born July 7, 1961, in Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian Brigadier general and a senior financial officer in Iran's military establishment. He serves as the chief of the Office of Budget and Financial Affairs within Iran's Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS), the top command coordinating the nation's military branches. In this capacity, Eshaghi has been responsible for managing military finances and budgets, which in Iran often means leveraging oil resources for funding defense projects. Iranian authorities have increasingly allocated crude oil directly to the armed forces in lieu of cash budget, enabling military entities to sell that oil to finance their operations. As a high-ranking official (equivalent to a deputy planning director in the General Staff), Eshaghi is one of the most senior Iranian figures to be targeted by recent international sanctions.

Sepehr Energy Jahan
Sepehr Energy Jahan Nama Pars Company (commonly Sepehr Energy) has been identified by U.S. authorities as a key front for Iran's military in evading international sanctions on the oil and petrochemical sectors. Established in late 2022, Sepehr Energy is controlled by Iran's Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL) and operates under the umbrella of the Armed Forces General Staff (AFGS).  U.S. sanctions describe it as "a front company for Iran's government oil sales" that generates revenue to fund the regime's ballistic missile program and proxy groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah. As the U.S. Department of the Treasury explained, Sepehr Energy and its affiliates "use deceitful evasion methods such as falsification of maritime documents to obfuscate the Iranian origin of the oil that it trades and transports to overseas buyers, including the People's Republic of China".
Ofer Hugi
Ofer Hugi (Hebrew: עופר חוגי; born 17 April 1964) is an Israeli former politician who served as a Knesset member for Shas from 1999 to 2003, and again for just under a month in 2006. In 2007, he was sent to prison for various charges related to forgery and fraud.

Shas
Shas (Hebrew: ש״ס) is a Haredi religious political party in Israel. Founded in 1984 by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, a former Israeli Sephardi chief rabbi, who remained its spiritual leader until his death in October 2013,
it primarily represents the interests of Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Jews.

Shas is the third-largest party in the Knesset as of 2024. Since 1984, it has been part of most governing coalitions, whether the ruling party was Labor or Likud.
2009 Nürburgring GP2 Series round
The 2009 German GP2 round was the fifth round of the 2009 GP2 Series season. It was hold on July 11 and July 12, 2009 at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany. The race was used as a support race to the 2009 German Grand Prix.

The race saw the return of the Nürburgring after the Hockenheimring hosted last year's event. Last year's feature race winner, Giorgio Pantano, did not take part. The sprint race winner Karun Chandhok did compete though.

The weekend was dominated by Nico Hülkenberg, who took pole, won both races and got fastest lap for both races. He is only the second driver to complete this feat, after Nelson Piquet Jr. did so in 2006. Hülkenberg left his home country with the championship lead.

2009 German Grand Prix
The 2009 German Grand Prix (officially the Formula 1 Grosser Preis Santander von Deutschland 2009)  was the ninth race of the 2009 Formula One season. It was held on 12 July 2009 at the Nürburgring in Nürburg, Germany; the earliest German Grand Prix on the calendar (a feat since beat by the 2013 race), since 1926.

Australian Mark Webber took both his first pole position and his first Grand Prix win, with Sebastian Vettel coming in second, giving Red Bull their third 1-2 of 2009. Championship leader Jenson Button could only manage fifth. This was the last race for Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais who was dropped in favour of test driver Jaime Alguersuari for the Hungarian Grand Prix.
The Loved Ones (American band)
The Loved Ones are an American punk rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Founded in late 2003, the band consists of Dave Hause (lead vocals, guitar), David Walsh (guitar), Chris Gonzalez (bass/guitar), Michael Cotterman (bass) and Mike Sneeringer (drums). They are presently signed to Fat Wreck Chords.

The band never officially disbanded. But in addition to members doing other projects, the band had little activity from 2010 through 2016, when they went on a ten-year anniversary tour.

Dave Hause
Dave Hause (born March 12, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter. He currently performs both solo and with his band The Mermaid. His music draws from heartland rock, folk rock and punk rock. He has also played in multiple Philadelphia-area punk and hardcore bands, including The Loved Ones and The Falcon.
Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator
Superman and Batman versus Aliens and Predator is a comic book co-published by DC Comics and Dark Horse Comics. It was written by Mark Schultz, with art by Ariel Olivetti. It is a crossover in which Superman and Batman have to battle both the Aliens and Predator. While both superheroes have had crossovers with the monsters individually, this was the first time they were with both at the same time. The two-part series was released on January 8 and then on February 14, 2007.

Superman/Aliens
Superman/Aliens is an American comic book limited series about a battle between the superhero Superman and the Xenomorphs from the Alien film series. The writers use the plot device of Superman's powers temporarily diminishing due to him being in a location with a lack of sunlight that his body requires to give him his powers to make the Xenomorphs a believable threat to him.

Creative team on this miniseries: story and layout art by Dan Jurgens, with finished art by Kevin Nowlan. It was published by Dark Horse Comics in unison with DC Comics from July to September 1995.
Jean-Jacques Lebel
Jean-Jacques Lebel (French: [ləbɛl]; born 30 June 1936, Paris) is a French visual artist, poet, art collector, writer, political activist, and creator of performance art happening art events. Besides his heterogeneous artworks and poetry, Lebel is also known for his very early work with the Beat Generation and Happenings, as an art theory writer with close ties to Félix Guattari, Gilles Deleuze and the American poetry and art scene. He is also an art curator and son of Robert Lebel; a poet, translator, poetry publisher, political activist, art collector, art historian and expert in the work of Marcel Duchamp.

Robert Lebel (art critic)
Robert Lebel (French: [ləbɛl]; 11 January 5, 1901 – February 28, 1986) was a French art historian, specializing in modern French art. He was also an essayist, poet, novelist, and art collector, He wrote  the first fundamental essay on Marcel Duchamp and remained close to the artists and poets of Surrealism. For example, Lebel was the friend and advisor of André Breton and close to Max Ernst, Jacques Lacan, André Masson and Claude Lévi-Strauss.
Valentina Babor
Valentina Babor (born 8 July 1989) is a German classical pianist. She began performing before audiences and winning youth competitions as a child. At 12, she was accepted by Karl-Heinz Kämmerling at the Mozarteum, where she became part of the university's "Initiative Hochbegabten-Förderung", a program for highly gifted students. In 2009, barely an adult, she played Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto in C minor in concert. She continues to perform internationally.

Karl-Heinz Kämmerling
Karl-Heinz Kämmerling (6 May 1930 – 14 June 2012) was a German academic teacher of classical pianists, who trained pianists at the Mozarteum in Salzburg and the Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover for careers as performers and academic teachers, particularly in the early training of highly gifted students.
Signed Sealed Delivered (album)
Signed Sealed Delivered is the fifth studio album by English singer Craig David. Released on 29 March 2010, it is his first and only album with Universal Motown. The album consists primarily of covers. Two of the album's tracks sample hits from the Motown era and give them a modern twist, as demonstrated with the first single from the album, "One More Lie (Standing in the Shadows)", whose chorus samples The Four Tops' 1967 Motown classic "Standing in the Shadows of Love". The second is "All Alone Tonight (Stop, Look, Listen)" which samples Diana Ross and Marvin Gaye's version of "Stop, Look, Listen (To Your Heart)". The only original song is the album's last track, "This Could Be Love".

Signed Sealed Delivered was panned by music critics, and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 13. As of January 2016, the album had sold 33,779 copies in the United Kingdom.

One More Lie (Standing in the Shadows)
"One More Lie (Standing in the Shadows)" is a song by British singer Craig David. It was written by David, Jerry Abbott, Grant Black, and Shridhar Solanki for his fifth studio album, Signed Sealed Delivered (2010), while production was helmed by Abbott and Black. The chorus samples from "Standing in the Shadows of Love" (1966) by American vocal quartet The Four Tops. Due to the inclusion of the sample, Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland are also credited as songwriters.
"One More Lie (Standing in the Shadows)" was released in the UK on 22 March 2010 as a digital download, serving as the album's lead single.
Alice Roth
Alice Roth (6 February 1905 – 22 July 1977) was a Swiss mathematician who invented the Swiss cheese set and made significant contributions to approximation theory. She was born, lived and died in Bern, Switzerland.

Swiss cheese (mathematics)
In mathematics, a Swiss cheese is a compact subset of the complex plane obtained by removing from a closed disc some countably infinite union of open discs, usually with some restriction on the centres and radii of the removed discs. Traditionally the deleted discs should have pairwise disjoint closures which are subsets of the interior of the starting disc, the sum of the radii of the deleted discs should be finite, and the Swiss cheese should have empty interior. This is the type of Swiss cheese originally introduced by the Swiss mathematician Alice Roth.

More generally, a Swiss cheese may be all or part of Euclidean space Rn – or of an even more complicated manifold – with "holes" in it.
Stephen Flynn
Stephen Mark Flynn (born 13 October 1988) is a Scottish politician who has served as the Scottish National Party (SNP) Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen South since 2019. Flynn has served as leader of the SNP in the House of Commons since December 2022, succeeding Ian Blackford. His leadership was marked by the loss of 39 seats at the 2024 general election, reducing the SNP to the second-largest party in Westminster from Scotland and the fourth-largest party in Parliament.

Aberdeen South (UK Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen South is a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first-past-the-post system of election.

The seat is currently held by Stephen Flynn of the Scottish National Party since the 2019 general election. Flynn has served as the leader of the SNP in the House of Commons since December 2022.

The constituency was first used in the 1885 general election, but has undergone boundary changes since then. There was also an Aberdeen South Holyrood constituency, a constituency of the Scottish Parliament, created in 1999 with the boundaries of the Westminster constituency at that time. In 2011 the Scottish Parliament constituency of Aberdeen South was abolished and replaced with the Aberdeen South and North Kincardine constituency.
Ragini (Telugu actress)
Ragini is a Telugu comedic actress. She made her debut in TV serials aired on Doordarshan. She has acted in 550 serials and 190 Telugu films as a supporting character. She is the sister of Telugu actress Krishnaveni. She won the Nandi Award for Best Comedian Actress for her role in Ammamma.com.

Ammamma.com
Ammamma.com is an Indian Telugu-language drama television series that aired on Maa TV from 2007 to 2008. The series was written by Palagummi Seeta and produced by Sandeep Gunnam. It follows the story of a traditional middle-aged housewife who, with the help of her daughter-in-law, learns to use a computer and creates a website to share her experiences and advice. The series explores themes of women’s empowerment, technological adoption, and the generational gap in adapting to modern technology.

The cast includes Jayalalita in the title role, supported by Arun Kumar, Ravi Kiran, Sridhar, Sivannarayana Naripeddi, Ragini, and Bhargavi. The series received critical acclaim for its premise, its portrayal of family dynamics, and its exploration of social and technological issues. The title song, sung by M. M. Keeravani, was appreciated. The serial won five Nandi Awards in 2007, including the award for Second Best Daily TV Serial.
António Mendonça Mendes
António Manuel Veiga dos Santos Mendonça Mendes (born 19 December 1976) is a Portuguese politician serving as a member of the Assembly of the Republic since 2024. He is the brother of Ana Catarina Mendes.

Ana Catarina Mendes
Ana Catarina Veiga dos Santos Mendonça Mendes (born 14 January 1973) is a Portuguese politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who has been a member of the Assembly of the Republic since 1995 and, from 2019, led the party in Parliament. In March 2022, she was appointed Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the XXIII Constitutional Government, a position she held until after the March 2024 national election.

Ana Catarina Mendes was elected a Member of the European Parliament in the 2024 European election, and sworn-in in the Tenth European Parliament.
Nervous Cop
Nervous Cop is a 2003 experimental rock album by the group of the same name, consisting of drummer Greg Saunier and electronics musician John Dieterich of Deerhoof, drummer Zach Hill of Hella (later of Team Sleep and Death Grips) with harpist Joanna Newsom, released through 5 Rue Christine.

Joanna Newsom
Joanna Newsom (born January 18, 1982) is an American singer-songwriter, harpist and actress. After recording and self-releasing two EPs in 2002, Newsom signed to the independent label Drag City. Her debut album, The Milk-Eyed Mender, was released in 2004 to acclaim and garnered Newsom an underground following. She received wider exposure with Ys (2006), which reached number 134 on the Billboard 200 and was nominated for a 2007 Shortlist Music Prize. She continued releasing albums with Have One on Me in 2010 and Divers in 2015.

Newsom has been noted by critics for her unique musical style, sometimes characterized as progressive folk, and for her harp instrumentation. She has also appeared as an actress with roles in the television series Portlandia and in the 2014 film Inherent Vice.