hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earl Young (drummer)
Earl Donald Young (born June 2, 1940) is a Philadelphia-based drummer who rose to prominence in the early 1970s as part of the Philly Soul sound. Young is best known as the founder and leader of The Trammps who had a hit record with "Disco Inferno". Young, along with Ronnie Baker and Norman Harris (the trio best known as Baker-Harris-Young), was the owner of the Golden Fleece record label.

The Trammps
The Trammps are an American disco and soul band, who were based in Philadelphia and were one of the first disco bands.

The band's first major success was their 1972 cover version of "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart", while the first disco track they released was "Love Epidemic" in 1973. However, they are best known for their song "Disco Inferno" which was included on the Grammy-winning Saturday Night Fever soundtrack. When originally released in 1976, "Disco Inferno" became a UK pop hit and US R&B and Dance hit topping the Dance chart for 6 weeks in early 1977. After inclusion on the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack, the song was re-released in 1978 and became a US pop hit peaking at number 11.
Dorset and Wilts Rugby Football Union
Dorset and Wilts Rugby Football Union (Dorset & Wilts RFU) is the governing body for rugby union in the counties of Dorset and Wiltshire, England.  Dorset & Wilts RFU is a Constituent Body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) and is responsible for the management and administration of the game within the counties of Dorset and Wiltshire of all forms and at all levels.  Originally Dorset and Wiltshire had their own county teams but would start to merge into one body towards the end of the 1930s, having already played a combined match against Hampshire in 1935–36 which Dorset & Wilts won 9–6.  By 1939 Dorset & Wilts agreed to become a unified rugby football union to take part in the 1940–41 County Championships but this was postponed by the outbreak of World War II.  After the war Dorset & Wilts played its first official county match in 1947 and attained full county status from the RFU in 1949.

Berkshire Rugby Football Union
The Berkshire Rugby Football Union is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in the county of Berkshire in England.  The union is the constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU) for Berkshire, and administers and organises rugby union clubs and competitions in the county.  It also administers the Berkshire county rugby representative teams.
Ukrainian Defense Industry
Ukrainian Defense Industry, also known as Ukroboronprom, is the largest arms manufacturer in Ukraine and one of the 50 largest companies in the arms industry. The company has ceased most of its activities within Ukraine since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has relocated much of its production abroad during the war.

The concern includes enterprises that operate in the development, manufacture, sale, repair, modernization and disposal of weapons, military and special equipment and ammunition, and participating in military-technical cooperation with foreign states.

As of 2025 corporatization continues.

Defense industry of Ukraine
The defense industry of Ukraine is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Ukraine. Before the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War arms were mostly exported. Arms exports were banned after the outbreak of the full-scale invasion in 2022, but in September 2025 it was announced that controlled exports of surplus arms would be permitted to allow greater financing of arms needed at the frontlines.

Ukraine is a world leader in drone technology, but cannot produce equipment to intercept hypersonic and ballistic missiles.
August 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 20

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 1 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 19, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 6.

August 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 19 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – August 21

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 2 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 20, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 7.
Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Qamishli
The Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Qamishli is a suffragan eparchy (Eastern Catholic diocese) of the Armenian Catholic Church sui iuris (Armenian Rite in Armenian language) in the Patriarch's own ecclesiastical province 'of Cilicia', serving part of Syria.

Its cathedral eparchial (episcopal) see is the Cathedral of Saint-Joseph, in Qamishli.

Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman
The Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman (colloquially Jerusalem of the Armenians) is the missionary pre-diocesan jurisdiction of the Armenian Catholic Church sui iuris (Eastern Catholic, Armenian Rite in Armenian language) in the Holy Land (Palestine/Israel) and (Trans)Jordan.

It is directly dependent on the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia, not part of his or any ecclesiastical province.

Its Cathedral episcopal see is a World Heritage Site: the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Jerusalem.
Place des Terreaux
The Place des Terreaux (French pronunciation: [plas de tɛʁo] ⓘ) is a square located in the centre of Lyon, France, on the Presqu'île between the Rhône and the Saône rivers, at the foot of the hill of La Croix-Rousse in the 1st arrondissement. It borders both the Hôtel de Ville and Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon. The square belongs to the zone classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Presqu'île
The Presqu'île (pronounced [pʁɛskil] ⓘ; literally "almost an island" in French, meaning "peninsula") is the central part of the City of Lyon, France. Extending from the foot of the Croix-Rousse hill in the north to the confluence of the Rhône and the Saône rivers in the south, it has a preponderance of cafés, restaurants, luxury shops, department stores, banks, government buildings and cultural institutions.

The 1st and 2nd arrondissements of the city are located here, along with the Hôtel de Ville, Lyon's city hall in its 1st arrondissement. The spires of the Church of St. Nizier, rebuilt from the 14th to the 16th centuries, are at the foot of the former Saône river bridge. With a history stretching back to the Middle Ages, Lyon's Presqu'île was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other districts in Lyon as a testimony to Lyon's long history as an important European city and its architecture.
Ian McLagan
Ian Patrick McLagan (/məkˈlæɡən/; 12 May 1945 – 3 December 2014) was an English keyboardist, best known as a member of the rock bands Small Faces and Faces. He also collaborated with the Rolling Stones and led his own band from the late 1970s. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.

Mick Taylor
Michael Kevin Taylor (born 17 January 1949) is an English guitarist, best known as a former member of John Mayall's Bluesbreakers (1967–1969) and the Rolling Stones (1969–1974). As a member of the Stones, he appeared on Let It Bleed (1969), Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! (1970), Sticky Fingers (1971), Exile on Main St. (1972), Goats Head Soup (1973), It's Only Rock 'n Roll (1974), and Tattoo You (1981).

Since leaving the Rolling Stones in December 1974, Taylor has worked with numerous other artists and released several solo albums. From November 2012 onwards, he participated in the Stones' 50th-Anniversary shows in London and Newark, and in the band's 50 & Counting tour, which included North America, Glastonbury Festival and Hyde Park in 2013.

Taylor was ranked 37th in Rolling Stone magazine's 2011 list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time. Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash states that Taylor has had the biggest influence on him.
Exeter (1792 ship)
Exeter was a three-decker East Indiaman built by Perry and launched in 1792. She made eight voyages to the East Indies for the East India Company (EIC). More unusually, on separate voyages she captured a French frigate and participated in the Battle of Pulo Aura. She was sold for breaking up in 1811.

Dorsetshire (1800 EIC ship)
Dorsetshire was launched in 1800 as an East Indiaman. She made nine voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). In each of her first, second, and third voyages she was involved in a notable action. The remainder of her voyages appear to have proceeded without incident. She ceased sailing for the EIC in 1823 and was broken up c.1827.
Nesolindsaea
Nesolindsaea is a genus of ferns in the family Lindsaeaceae with two species. Nesolindsaea caudata is native to southeast tropical Asia, from Sri Lanka to Borneo. Nesolindsaea kirkii is found only in the Seychelles.

Lindsaeaceae
Lindsaeaceae is a pantropical family of ferns in the order Polypodiales. It contains six or seven genera with about 220 known species, some of which also extend into the more temperate regions of eastern Asia, New Zealand, and South America.
Taiwan Railway
Taiwan Railway (TR) is a state-owned conventional railway in Taiwan. It is operated by the Taiwan Railway Corporation under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, responsible for managing, maintaining, and running conventional passenger and freight railway services on 1,097 km (682 mi) of track in Taiwan. Passenger traffic in 2018 was 231,267,955.

The railway was previously operated by Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA). On 1 January 2024, Taiwan Railway Administration became a state-owned corporation, Taiwan Railway Corporation.

Badu railway station
Badu Station (Chinese: 八堵車站; pinyin: Bādǔ Chēzhàn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Peh-tó͘ Chhia-chām) is a railway station at the junction of the Taiwan Railway West Coast line and the Yilan line. It is the western terminus of the Yilan line and is located in Nuannuan District, Keelung, Taiwan.
Pat Bradley (golfer)
Pat Bradley (born March 24, 1951) is an American professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1974 and won 31 tour events, including six major championships. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.

JCPenney Classic
The JCPenney Classic was a mixed team golf tournament sponsored by the PGA Tour and the LPGA Tour. Teams consisted of one PGA Tour player and one LPGA Tour player (except in 1967 when the teams were male only). It was played in California and Florida. Corporate sponsors were Haig & Haig, Pepsi-Cola, and JCPenney.

In 2000, the tournament was replaced by the Valspar Championship.
Karakhanid language
Karakhanid, also known as Khaqani Turkic (lit. meaning 'imperial' or 'royal', self referring to as 'Türki' or 'Türkçe'), was a Turkic language developed in the 11th century during the Middle Turkic period under the Kara-Khanid Khanate. It has been described as the first literary Islamic Turkic language. It is sometimes classified under the Old Turkic category, rather than Middle Turkic, as it is contemporary to the East Old Turkic languages of Orkhon Turkic and Old Uyghur. Eastern Middle Turkic languages, namely Khorezmian Turkic and later Chagatai are descendants of the Karakhanid language.

Karakhanid vocabulary was influenced by Arabic and Persian loanwords, but the language itself was still noted to be similar to the Old Uyghur language. The language was written using the Arabic script. Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk and Yūsuf Balasaguni's Kutadgu Bilig are considered to be important literary works written in Karakhanid language.

Middle Turkic languages
Middle Turkic refers to a phase in the development of the Turkic language family, covering much of the Middle Ages (c. 900–1500 CE). In particular the term is used by linguists to refer to a group of Karluk, Oghuz and Kipchak and related languages spoken during this period in Central Asia, Iran, and other parts of the Middle East controlled by the Seljuk Turks. Middle Turkish is also a dialect of  Common Turkic.
Alla Demidova
Alla Sergeyevna Demidova (Russian: А́лла Серге́евна Деми́дова; born 29 September 1936) is a Russian actress internationally acclaimed for the tragic parts in innovative plays staged by Yuri Lyubimov in the Taganka Theatre. She was awarded the USSR State Prize (1977) and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (twice, 2007, 2001).

The Seagull (1972 film)
The Seagull (Russian: Чайка, romanized: Chayka) is a 1972 Soviet film adaptation of the 1896 play of the same name by Anton Chekhov. It was directed by Yuli Karasik and its music was written by Alfred Schnittke.
St. Paul High School (Ohio)
Saint Paul High School is a private, Catholic high school located in Norwalk, Ohio. It is part of Norwalk Catholic Schools, a K-12 organization of schools and parishes in Norwalk and neighboring Milan. SPHS has a current enrollment of 199 students and is one of fourteen high schools in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo. The athletic teams are called the Flyers.

Diocese of Toledo, Ohio
The Diocese of Toledo (in America) (Latin: Dioecesis Toletana in America) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio in the United States.

The diocese is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current bishop of Toledo is Daniel Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese.
Lai Chack Middle School
Lai Chack Middle School (Chinese: 麗澤中學) is a secondary school in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Founded in 1929, it started as a girls' school in Wan Chai and a branch in Jordan Road. With various relocation in its history, its secondary school section finally settled in the current premises at No. 180 Canton Road in 1955.

Canton Road
Canton Road (Chinese: 廣東道) is a major road in Hong Kong, linking the former west reclamation shore in Tsim Sha Tsui, Jordan, Yau Ma Tei, Mong Kok and Prince Edward on the Kowloon Peninsula. The road runs mostly parallel and west to Nathan Road. It starts from the junction with Salisbury Road in the south and ends in the north at the junction with Lai Chi Kok Road in the Prince Edward area. The southern section of Canton Road is home to many upscale retail shops, shopping centres and others business establishments, with busy traffic from both vehicles and pedestrians from morning till late at night.
Rudbjerg
Until 1 January 2007 Rudbjerg was a municipality (Danish, kommune) on the southwest coast of the island of Lolland in the former Storstrøm County, southern Denmark.  The municipality covered an area of 143 km², and had a total population of 3,432 (2005).  Its last mayor was Tom Larsen, a member of the Venstre (Liberal Party) political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council was Dannemare.

Rudbjerg municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007).  It was merged with existing Holeby, Højreby, Maribo, Nakskov, Ravnsborg, and Rødby municipalities to form the new Lolland municipality.  This created a municipality with an area of 892 km² and a total population of 49,469 (2005).   The new municipality belongs to Region Sjælland (Zealand Region).

Rødby
Rødby is a town located on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. It has a population of 1,982 (1 January 2025). Until 2007, it was the seat of the former Rødby Municipality (Danish: kommune), and is now located in Lolland Municipality in Region Sjælland.
Düsseldorf-Itter
Itter (German pronunciation: [ˈɪtɐ]) is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 9. It is located near to the river Rhine, adjacent to Himmelgeist, Holthausen and Reisholz. Its name comes from the small river called the Itter. Itter has an area of 2.58 km2 (1.00 sq mi), and 2,411 inhabitants (2020).

Borough 9 (Düsseldorf)
Borough 9 (German: Stadtbezirk 9) is a southern borough of Düsseldorf, the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The borough covers an area of 36.57 square kilometres and (as of December 2020) has approximately 94,000 inhabitants, making it the city's second most populous borough after Borough 3.

The borough borders Düsseldorf Boroughs 3 and 8 to the north, and 10 to the south. To the east and west the borough borders the rural districts of Mettmann and Rhein-Kreis Neuss respectively.
Dutch States Army
The Dutch States Army (Dutch: Staatse leger) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.

William IV, Prince of Orange
William IV (Willem Karel Hendrik Friso; 1 September 1711 – 22 October 1751) was Prince of Orange from birth and the first hereditary stadtholder of all the United Provinces of the Netherlands from 1747 until his death in 1751.
Mary Hinton (actress)
Mary Hinton (1896–1979) was a British stage, film and television actress. She was born as Emily Rachel Forster to the politician Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster and the Honourable Rachel Cecily Douglas-Scott-Montagu, daughter of Henry Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 1st Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. She was a great-granddaughter of Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch. Hinton became a regular British character actor for several decades. In the West End she appeared in Wilfrid Grantham's Mary Tudor (1935), Rose Franken's Claudia (1942) and Lesley Storm's Great Day (1945).

She was married to George Pitt-Rivers from 1915 to 1930 and had two sons Michael Pitt-Rivers and Julian Pitt-Rivers.

George Pitt-Rivers
George Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers (22 May 1890 – 17 June 1966) was a British anthropologist and eugenicist who was a wealthy landowner in England in the interwar period. He embraced anti-Bolshevism and anti-Semitism and became a supporter of Oswald Mosley, which led to him being interned by the British government in the Second World War.
Mount Liebig
Mount Liebig is a mountain with an elevation of 1,274 metres (4,180 ft) AHD in the southern part of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is one of the highest peaks of the MacDonnell Ranges and was named by the explorer Ernest Giles after the German chemist Justus von Liebig. Nearby settlements include Haasts Bluff.

The killing of two Aboriginal men at Mount Liebig in 1932 according to traditional law led the missionary Ernest Kramer to demand the prosecution of the killers for murder, leading to debate on the applicability of white law to traditional violence. The men were tried but acquitted by a Darwin jury.

Notable Aboriginal Australians who have lived in the region of Mount Liebig include Indigenous artist Nora Andy Napaltjarri and Ngoia Pollard Napaltjarri.

MacDonnell Ranges
The MacDonnell Ranges, or Tjoritja in Arrernte, is a mountain range located in southern Northern Territory. MacDonnell Ranges is also the name given to an interim Australian bioregion broadly encompassing the mountain range, with an area of 3,929,444 hectares (9,709,870 acres). The range is a 644 km (400 mi) long series of mountains in central Australia, consisting of parallel ridges running to the east and west of Alice Springs. The mountain range contains many spectacular gaps and gorges as well as areas of Aboriginal significance.

The ranges were named after Sir Richard MacDonnell (the Governor of South Australia at the time) by John McDouall Stuart, whose 1860 expedition reached them in April of that year. The Horn Expedition investigated the ranges as part of the scientific expedition into central Australia. Other explorers of the range included David Lindsay and John Ross.

The MacDonnell Ranges were often depicted in the paintings of Albert Namatjira.
2007 Fed Cup World Group II
The World Group II was the second-highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2007. Winning nations advanced to the World Group play-offs, and the losing nations were demoted to the World Group II play-offs.

2007 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2008 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2008 World Group II.
Bridge Street subway station
Bridge Street subway station serves Tradeston, Laurieston and the western fringe of the Gorbals in Glasgow, Scotland. It is the main interchange between the Glasgow Subway and buses travelling to and from the south side.  It is the nearest subway station for the Citizens Theatre, O2 Academy Glasgow, Glasgow Sheriff Court Glasgow Central Mosque, as well as the Buchanan Wharf office and residential complex.

It was opened in 1896, and briefly acted as an interchange with the adjacent Bridge Street railway station on the Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway before the latter was closed in the early 1900s. It was comprehensively modernised in 1977–1980 along with the rest of the Subway. The station retains its original island platform configuration.

Gorbals
The Gorbals is an area in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, and former burgh, on the south bank of the River Clyde. By the late 19th century, it had become densely populated; rural migrants and immigrants were attracted by the new industries and employment opportunities of Glasgow. At its peak during the 1930s, the wider Gorbals district (which includes the directly adjoined localities of Laurieston and Hutchesontown) had risen in population to an estimated 90,000 residents, giving the area a very high population density of around 40,000/km2.

Redevelopment after the Second World War has taken many turns, and the area's population is substantially smaller in the 21st century. The wider Gorbals area was once home to 16 high-rise public housing apartment blocks built in the 1960s and 1970s; now only four remain standing in the Waddell Court area of the Gorbals after the 2025 demolition of the 24 storey Caledonia road high rise flats.
De Mensurabili Musica
De Mensurabili Musica (concerning measured music) is a musical treatise from the early 13th century (medieval period, c. 1240) and is the first of two treatises traditionally attributed to French music theorist Johannes de Garlandia; the other is de plana musica  (Concerning Plainchant). De Mensurabili Musica was the first to explain a modal rhythmic system that was already in use at the time: the rhythmic modes.  The six rhythmic modes set out by the treatise are all in triple time and are made from combinations of the note values longa (long) and brevis (short) and are given the names trochee, iamb, dactyl, anapest, spondaic and tribrach, although trochee, dactyl and spondaic were much more common. It is evident how influential Garlandia's  treatise has been by the number of theorists that have used its ideas. Much of the surviving music of the Notre Dame School from the 13th century is based on the rhythmic modes set out in De Mensurabili Musica.

Rhythmic mode
In medieval music, the rhythmic modes were set patterns of long and short durations (or rhythms). The value of each note is not determined by the form of the written note (as is the case with more recent European musical notation), but rather by its position within a group of notes written as a single figure called a ligature, and by the position of the ligature relative to other ligatures. Modal notation was developed by the composers of the Notre Dame school from 1170 to 1250, replacing the even and unmeasured rhythm of early polyphony and plainchant with patterns based on the metric feet of classical poetry, and was the first step towards the development of modern mensural notation. The rhythmic modes of Notre Dame Polyphony were the first coherent system of rhythmic notation developed in Western music since antiquity.