hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Continuous test-driven development
Continuous test-driven development (CTDD) is a software development practice that extends test-driven development (TDD) by means of automatic test execution in the background, sometimes called continuous testing.

Continuous testing
Continuous testing is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate. Continuous testing was originally proposed as a way of reducing waiting time for feedback to developers by introducing development environment-triggered tests as well as more traditional developer/tester-triggered tests.

For Continuous testing, the scope of testing extends from validating bottom-up requirements or user stories to assessing the system requirements associated with overarching business goals.
Principal Tower
Principal Tower is a 50-storey residential tower in Worship Street, Shoreditch, London. It was completed in 2019.

There are 298 apartments in the building, designed by the architects Foster and Partners.

It is next to the 15-storey office block Principal Place, also designed by Foster and Partners. In July 2014, it was reported that the internet retailer Amazon.com was close to signing a lease to move its UK headquarters there. The project had been on hold since January 2012, when the anchor tenant, the law firm CMS Cameron McKenna, pulled out. Soon after, the developer Hammerson sold its interest in the scheme to Brookfield.

Shoreditch
Shoreditch is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Hackney alongside neighbouring parts of Tower Hamlets, which are also perceived as part of the area due to historic ecclesiastical links. Shoreditch lies just north-east of the border with the City of London and is considered to be a part of London's East End.

In the 16th century, Shoreditch was an important centre of the Elizabethan theatre, and it has been an important entertainment centre since that time. Today, it hosts many pubs, bars and nightclubs. The most commercial areas lie closest to the City of London and along the A10 Road, with the rest mostly residential.
Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Pruzhany
Catholic church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Belarusian: Kaścioł Uniebaŭziaćcia Najśviaciejšaj Panny Maryi, Касьцёл Унебаўзяцьця Найсьвяцейшай Панны Марыі, Polish: Kościół Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny) is a Roman Catholic church in Pružany, Belarus. Monument of neoclassical architecture.

Pruzhany
Pruzhany is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Pruzhany District. The town is located at the confluence of the Mukha River and the Vets Canal, where the Mukhavets River rises. As of 2025, it has a population of 18,824.
Avon Futures Circuit
The Avon Futures Circuit  was a women's professional tennis tour administered by the Women's Tennis Association that was founded in 1976 as the Pro Futures Circuit, and was mainly operated in Canada and the United States. It was initially a subsidiary tour of the Virginia Slims Circuit. In 1979 it became a subsidiary tour of the Avon Championships Circuit. The tour ran alongside the main circuits as a qualifying competition for those tours, and provided a bridge on a promotion or relegation basis. There were between nine and eleven events in any particular season that culminated in an end of season finale called the Avon Futures Championships. The circuit ended in 1982 and was replaced by a smaller Ginny Circuit in 1983.

Virginia Slims of Nashville
The Virginia Slims of Nashville is a defunct WTA Tour tennis tournament first founded in 1971 as the Virginia Slims of Chattanooga and first played in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The tournament ran annually with breaks, name changes and court surface changes until 1991 when it was last played in Nashville, Tennessee in the United States.
Yuriy Tkach
Yuriy Kostyantynovych Tkach (born October 9, 1983) (Ukrainian: Юрій Костянтинович Ткач) is a Ukrainian comedian and actor. He is known for his acting roles in the Ukrainian sitcoms Country U and Once Upon a Time Near Poltava, and has been a participant on the reality shows Tantsi z zirkamy and Laughter League.

Kvartal 95 Studio
Kvartal 95 Studio (Ukrainian: Сту́дія «Кварта́л-95», lit. 'Studio «Neighborhood-95»'; Russian: Сту́дия «Кварта́л-95») is a Ukrainian production company founded in 2003 by Volodymyr Zelenskyy alongside Serhiy Shefir and Boris Shefir. The company produces films and television shows in Russian and Ukrainian, as well as organising concerts.
Noida City Centre metro station
Noida City Centre (also called Wave City Center) is a station on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro. It was the terminal station of the Blue Line - Main Line till 8 March 2019. It was earlier known as Noida City Centre, and was renamed in October 2015. Trains from here go to Dwarka Sector 21 metro station and Noida Electronic City metro station.

Blue Line (Delhi Metro)
The Blue Line (Line 3 & Line 4) is a rapid transit metro line of the Delhi Metro in Delhi, India. Predominantly elevated, it is the longest line (by total length) on the network and consists of a Main Line (Line 3) with 50 stations from Noida Electronic City to Dwarka Sector 21, spanning a length of 56.11 kilometres (34.87 miles), and a Branch Line (Line 4) consisting of eight stations from Vaishali to Yamuna Bank, with a length of 8.51 kilometres (5.29 miles).

The Main Line (Line 3) held the title of the longest line in the Delhi Metro network until August 6, 2021, when the inauguration of the unfinished section between Shree Ram Mandir Mayur Vihar and Trilokpuri Sanjay Lake stations on the Pink Line extended it to a 59 km (36.66 mi)-long corridor, surpassing Line 3.
Steven Sykes
Steven Robert Sykes (born 5 August 1984 in Middelburg, Eastern Cape, South Africa) is a South African former rugby union player. He played for Oyonnax in the French Top 14. His regular position was lock.

2014 Currie Cup Premier Division
The 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division was the 76th season in the competition since it started in 1889 and was contested from 9 August to 25 October 2014. The tournament (known as the Absa Currie Cup Premier Division for sponsorship reasons) is the top tier of South Africa's premier domestic rugby union competition.
Awards and decorations of the United States Merchant Marine
Awards and decorations of the United States Merchant Marine are civilian decorations of the United States which are issued to the members of the United States Merchant Marine for a variety of duties both in peace and war. Originally authorized to be issued by the War Shipping Administration of the World War II era, these awards were later issued by the Maritime Commission and are currently issued by the Department of Transportation's Martitime Administration.

All historical and active decorations of the U.S. Merchant Marine are as follows:

Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States government are civilian awards of the U.S. federal government which are typically issued for sustained meritorious service, in a civilian capacity, while serving in the U.S. federal government.  Certain U.S. government awards may also be issued to military personnel of the United States Armed Forces and be worn in conjunction with awards and decorations of the United States military. In order of precedence, those U.S. non-military awards and decorations authorized for wear are worn after U.S. military personal decorations and unit awards and before U.S. military campaign and service awards.

The following is a selection of civilian awards which are presently issued by the U.S. government.
Tanz im August
Tanz im August ([tant͡s ɪm aʊ̯ˈɡʊst]; "Dance in August") is an annual festival for contemporary dance in Berlin. It was founded by Nele Hertling in West Berlin in 1988, and is now presented by the Hebbel am Ufer (HAU) theatre company on various stages in Berlin. It presents companies from all over the world with their new choreography, aesthetics and formats, new projects by Berlin artists, collaboration with international guests, and co-production for world premieres and German premieres. Virve Sutinen has been artistic director from 2014.

María La Ribot
María José Ribot (born 19 July 1962), known as La Ribot, is a dancer, choreographer and visual artist. Her projects are based on movement, the body and her own experiences in dance, but she also uses other practices, systems and materials that her concepts generate. She is the main interpreter of her works while she also often creates the costumes, objects and scenery. With more than 45 works under her belt, including choreographies, installations and videos, La Ribot continues to find interest in living art, in the human body and its capacity for poetic, subversive and political expression. She has received the 2000 National Dance Award and the Gold Medal for Merit in Fine Arts 2016 – both granted by the Ministry of Culture of Spain – and the Culture Award of the Community of Madrid in Visual Arts 2018. In September 2019, she received the Swiss Grand Award for Dance  granted by the Swiss Confederation in recognition of her artistic work.
Ceratolimon
Ceratolimon is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae.

Its native range is Northwestern Africa, Southern Yemen, and Somaliland.

Species:

Ceratolimon feei (Girard) M.B.Crespo & Lledó

Ceratolimon migiurtinum (Chiov.) M.B.Crespo & Lledó

Ceratolimon weygandiorum (Maire & Wilczek) M.B.Crespo & Lledó

Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.

Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as lianas or shrubs. The plants have perfect flowers and are pollinated by insects. They are found in many different climatic regions, from arctic to tropical conditions, but are particularly associated with salt-rich steppes, marshes, and sea coasts.

The family has been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. It includes c. 30 genera and about 725 species.

The 1981 Cronquist system placed the family in a separate order Plumbaginales, which included no other families. The Dahlgren system had segregated some of these plants as family Limoniaceae.
Zenger
Zenger was a 20th-century American underground newspaper that focused on corporate propaganda, government corruption, marijuana legalization and free speech. Zenger, billed as "The Nation's Underground Newspaper," was headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin. From 1987 to 1993, Zenger was published by Ben Masel and Jackson Clubb, who were leaders in the Yippie movement. Circulation 20,000.

Ben Masel
Bennett A. "Ben" Masel (October 17, 1954 – April 30, 2011) was an American writer, publisher, cannabis rights and free speech activist, expert witness for marijuana defendants, and frequent candidate for public office. A skilled chess player, Masel was director of Wisconsin NORML, and organizer of Weedstock and the annual Great Midwest Marijuana Harvest Festival which has been held in front of the Wisconsin State Capitol every autumn since 1971.

Masel, who was known for his Yippie theatrics and anti-war and pro-labor activism, was born in the Bronx, grew up in New Jersey, and in 1971 relocated to Madison, where he became a fixture of the Wisconsin political scene for 40 years. He died of cancer in 2011.
U.S. Repeating Arms Company
The U.S. Repeating Arms Company (USRAC) was an American manufacturer of firearms. It was established in April 1857 and operated as an independent company until 1989, when it went bankrupt and was taken over by Fabrique Nationale Herstal. The company traced its origins to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, which was famous for making Winchester rifles.

Olin Corporation
Olin Corporation is an American manufacturer of ammunition, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide. The company traces its roots to two companies, both founded in 1892: Franklin W. Olin's Equitable Powder Company and the Mathieson Alkali Works. Accidents at Olin chemical plants have exposed employees and nearby residents to health hazards.
Nayagarh Kanteimundi brinjal
Nayagarh Kanteimundi brinjal is a variety of brinjal grown in the Indian state of Odisha. It is now a common and widely cultivated crop in the whole of Nayagarh district of Odisha. This brinjal variety was originally cultivated in the areas of Badabanapur, Ratanpur in Kandapada block, and Dhanchangda, Laxmiprasad, Kumundi, and Fategarh in Bhapur block.

Under its Geographical Indication tag, it is referred to as "Nayagarh Kanteimundi brinjal".

Nayagarh district
Nayagarh district is one of the 30 districts of Odisha state in eastern India. It was created on 01-April-1993 when the erstwhile Puri District was split into three distinct districts, namely Khordha, Nayagarh and Puri.

The district is bordered by Khordha district to the south and east, Cuttack district to the east and north, Angul district to the north, Boudh district to the northwest, Kandhamal district to the west and Ganjam district to the southwest.
12 Fantasias for Solo Flute
Georg Philipp Telemann's 12 fantaisies à traversière sans basse, 12 Fantasias for Solo Flute, TWV 40:2–13, were published in Hamburg in 1732–33. An extant copy of the publication, conserved in Brussels, has a spurious title page reading Fantasie per il Violino senza Basso (Fantasias for Solo Violin). The set is one of Telemann's collections of fantasias for unaccompanied instruments, the others being a set of thirty-six for harpsichord, also published in 1732–33, and two sets published in 1735: twelve for solo violin and twelve for viola da gamba.

Telemann's solo flute fantasias are alone in the Baroque repertoire to include movements seemingly impossible on flute: fugues (fantasias 2, 6, and 8–11), a French overture (fantasia 7) and a passacaglia (fantasia 5). In 2012, an arrangement for viola solo was published by Euprint. In this arrangement, through the use of double stops, some many-voiced parts appear as real polyphonic pieces.

Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Works Catalogue), abbreviated TWV, is the numbering system identifying compositions by Georg Philipp Telemann, published by musicologist Martin Ruhnke.

The prefix TWV is generally followed by a genre number, a letter indicating the key (in some cases), and a work number. The genre number indicates the general type or medium of the work. A major key is in upper case, a minor key in lower case.  The second number is the work's number within the genre. For example, Telemann's Concerto polonois in B flat major for strings and basso continuo is TWV 43:B3. His Orchestral suite in D major is TWV 55:D18, and his Overture in G minor is TWV 55:g4.

Vocal works were catalogued in a similar way by Werner Menke in the Telemann-Vokalwerke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Vocal Works Catalogue), abbreviated TVWV. For example, Telemann's Johannes-Passion is TVWV 5:42. His Times of the Day cantata is TVWV 20:39.
International Criminal Court investigation in Mali
The International Criminal Court investigation in Mali or the Situation in the Republic of Mali is an ongoing investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) into war crimes and other crimes within the ICC's jurisdiction that are alleged to have occurred during the Mali War since January 2012. The investigation was requested by the government of Mali in July 2012. As the first person who pleaded guilty to a charge of the ICC, Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi made a statement expressing remorse and advising others not to commit similar acts.

On 27 September 2016, al-Mahdi was sentenced to nine years in prison for the destruction of cultural world heritage in the Malian city of Timbuktu. At least nine mausoleums and one mosque were destroyed.
On 26 June 2024, al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz was found guilty of crimes against humanity and war crimes.

Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz Ag Mohamed Ag Mahmoud (born 19 September 1977) is a Malian Islamist militant and convicted war criminal who joined Ansar Dine in early 2012 and became an interpreter and administrator of the Islamic police in Timbuktu during the Northern Mali conflict. Al-Hassan was tried in the International Criminal Court on the charges of crimes against humanity and war crimes carried out during 2012 and 2013, including rape and sexual slavery under Article 8 2.(e)(vi) of the Rome Statute of the ICC. He was convicted on 26 June 2024 of some of the war crimes and crimes against humanity charges, including torture, mutilation and cruel treatment. He was acquitted of the rape and sexual slavery charges.
St. Albans Raid
The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. Taking place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864, it was a raid conducted out of the Province of Canada by 21 Confederate soldiers who had recently failed in engagements with the Union Army and evaded subsequent capture in the United States. The mission of the raid was to rob banks to raise money, and to trick the Union Army into diverting troops to defend their northern border against further raids. The Confederates obtained the money, killed a local, set the town on fire, and escaped back to Canada.

This raid marked the northernmost point reached by Confederate land forces during the Civil War.

St. Albans (city), Vermont
St. Albans is the only city in and the shire town of Franklin County, Vermont, United States. At the 2020 census, the city population was 6,877. St. Albans City is completely surrounded by St. Albans Town, which is a separate municipality. The city is in Northwestern Vermont, about 15 miles south of the Canadian border and 30 miles north of Burlington.
English phonology
English phonology is the system of sounds used in spoken English. Like many languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the dialects of English around the world have largely similar (but not identical) phonological systems. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants (stops, affricates, and fricatives).

Phonological analysis of English often concentrates on prestige or standard accents, such as Received Pronunciation for England, General American for the United States, and General Australian for Australia. Nevertheless, many other dialects of spoken English have developed, different from these standard accents, particularly regional dialects. Descriptions of standard reference accents provide only a limited guide to the phonology of other dialects of English.

Vowel
A vowel (/ˈvaʊ.əl/) is a speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract. Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant. Vowels vary in quality, loudness, and length. They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress. The nucleus, or "center", of a syllable typically consists of a vowel sound (though this is not always the case).

The word vowel comes from the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). 
In English, the word vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that represent them: ⟨a⟩, ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩, and sometimes ⟨y⟩, and ⟨w⟩.
Annapolis Subscription Plate
The Annapolis Subscription Plate is the name given both to the first recorded formal horse race in colonial Maryland and to the silver trophy awarded to the winner of the race. It is the second oldest known horse racing trophy in America.

Maryland Jockey Club
The Maryland Jockey Club is a sporting organization dedicated to horse racing, founded in Annapolis in 1743. It is chartered as the oldest sporting organization and is currently the corporate name of the company that operates Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland and Bowie Race Track in Bowie, Maryland, the latter of which ceased operations as a track in 1985 and now serves as a training center for Thoroughbred racehorses.
Ueno Tōshō-gū
Ueno Tōshō-gū (上野東照宮) is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in the Taitō ward of Tokyo, Japan.

First established in 1627 by Tōdō Takatora and renovated in 1651 by Tokugawa Iemitsu, the shrine has remained mostly intact since that time, making it an example of Shinto architecture in the Edo period. Several of those surviving structures have been designated Important Cultural Properties.

Tōshō-gū shrines are characterized by enshrining Tokugawa Ieyasu with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大権現). Ueno Tōshō-gū also enshrines two other Tokugawa shōguns, Tokugawa Yoshimune and Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

Located inside of Ueno Park, Ueno Tōshō-gū has become a popular attraction.

Ueno Park
Ueno Park (上野公園, Ueno Kōen) is a spacious public park in the Ueno district of Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. The park was established in 1873 on lands formerly belonging to the temple of Kan'ei-ji. Amongst the country's first public parks, it was founded following the Western example as part of the borrowing and assimilation of international practices that characterizes the early Meiji period. The home of a number of major museums, Ueno Park is also celebrated in spring for its cherry blossoms and hanami. In recent times the park and its attractions have drawn over ten million visitors a year, making it Japan's most popular city park.
Humber—St. George's—St. Barbe
Humber—St. George's—St. Barbe was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1979. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador and Humber—St. George's ridings. It was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into Burin—St. George's and Humber—St. Barbe ridings.

The riding initially consisted of the provincial districts of Port au Port, Humber East, Humber West, St. Barbe South and St. Barbe North, and that part of the provincial district of St. George's not included in the electoral district of Burin-Burgeo.

Humber—Port au Port—St. Barbe
Humber—Port au Port—St. Barbe (formerly known as Humber—St. Barbe) was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. This riding was created in the 1976 redistribution as "Humber—St. Barbe" from parts of Humber—St. George's—St. Barbe riding. The name of the electoral district was changed to "Humber—Port au Port—St. Barbe" in 1978.

It was abolished in the 1987 redistribution when it was redistributed into Burin—St. George's and Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte ridings.
Ramabhadrapuram mandal
Ramabhadrapuram mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Ramabhadrapuram is the headquarters of the mandal. The mandal is bounded by Salur, Bobbili, Badangi, Merakamudidam, Dattirajeru, Mentada and Pachipenta mandals.

Badangi mandal
Badangi mandal is one of the 34 mandals in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Badangi is the headquarters of the mandal.

The mandal is bounded by Bobbili, Therlam, Merakamudidam and Ramabhadrapuram mandals.