hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hague Adoption Convention
The Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (or Hague Adoption Convention) is an international convention dealing with international adoption, child laundering, and child trafficking in an effort to protect those involved from the corruption, abuses, and exploitation which sometimes accompanies international adoption. The convention has been considered crucial because it provides a formal international and intergovernmental recognition of intercountry adoption to ensure that adoptions under the convention will generally be recognized and given effect in other party countries.

International adoption
International adoption (also referred to as intercountry adoption or transnational adoption) is a type of adoption in which an individual or couple residing in one country becomes the legal and permanent parent(s) of a child who is a national of another country. International adoptions are often, but not always, also transcultural or interracial adoptions.

The laws of countries vary in their willingness to allow international adoptions. Some countries have established rules and procedures for international adoptions, while other countries expressly forbid it. Other countries, notably many African nations, have residency requirements for adoptive parents that in effect rule out most international adoptions. Where permitted, prospective adoptive parents must meet the legal adoption requirements of their country of residence and those of the country whose nationality the child holds.
Sonaly
The Sonaly (Kazakh: Соналы) is a river in the Nura District, Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. It has a length of 106 km (66 mi) and a drainage basin of 334 km2 (129 sq mi).

It is the second most important tributary of the Kulanotpes. Sonaly village is located 10 km (6.2 mi) upriver from its mouth.

Nura District
Nura District (Kazakh: Нұра ауданы, Nūra audany) is a district of Karaganda Region in central Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the settlement of Nura. The district has a population of 22,569 as of 2019.
Community Consolidated School District 59
Community Consolidated School District 59 (CCSD59) is a school district based in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. The school district serves most of Elk Grove Village while serving parts of Arlington Heights, Mount Prospect, and Des Plaines. The district has 11 elementary schools, 3 junior high schools, and an early learning center. The junior highs schools send their students to Elk Grove High School, Rolling Meadows High School, Prospect High School or Maine West High School. District 59 covers an area of 24 square miles and 75,000 residents in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago.

Mount Prospect, Illinois
Mount Prospect is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is part of Elk Grove and Wheeling townships, about 20 miles (32 km) northwest of downtown Chicago and approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) north of O'Hare International Airport. As of the 2020 census, the village had a total population of 56,852.
Eon (musician)
Ian Loveday, better known as Eon (22 September 1954 – 17 June 2009), was a British rave pioneer.

Born in 1954, Loveday was the son of violinist Alan Loveday and pianist Ruth Stanfield.

His tracks made their way to early 1990s pirate radio stations in London, and then out on vinyl through small labels like BAAD and Vinyl Solution. He released Void Dweller, with its dark and hard driving beats, on Columbia Records in September 1992; it used samples from David Lynch's Dune, The Outer Limits, and themes from the horror movie Basket Case.

His sound was a link between the early Detroit techno and contemporary dance music. In the early 1990s, this release was shared between DJs and musicians and was very influential. Eon was known for the acid techno song called "Spice" which was released in November 1990. Later in his career, he worked with Baby Ford and Bizarre Inc., and released singles on Trelik Records and Electron Industries.

Baby Ford
Peter Frank Adshead, better known as Baby Ford, is a British electronic music record producer, known particularly for his contributions to the birth of acid house. He has also released material under aliases with Mark Broom (Casino Classix, El Mal, Solcyc, & Perbec), Thomas Melchior (Soul Capsule & Sunpeople), and Eon (Minimal Man).
Berthold Englisch
Berthold Englisch (9 July 1851 in Hotzenplotz – 19 October 1897 in Vienna) was a chess master from Austria-Hungary.

Englisch was born in Austrian Silesia, Austrian Empire into a Jewish family. He earned his living as a stock-market agent.

He won the tournaments at Leipzig 1879 (the 1st DSB Congress), at Wiesbaden 1880 (ex-equo with Blackburne and A. Schwarz, ahead of Schallopp, Mason, Bird, Winawer, etc.) and at Vienna 1896 (Quadrangular).

He lost two matches against Vincenz Hruby in 1882 and to Emanuel Lasker in 1890, both scoring 1.5 : 3.5, and drew a match with Harry Nelson Pillsbury 2.5 : 2.5 (+0 –0 =5) in 1896, all in Vienna.

Vincenz Hruby
Vincenc Hrubý (9 September 1856 – 16 July 1917, Trieste) was a Czech chess master.

He was born in Krivsoudov (Bohemia). Hrubý worked as a teacher at a secondary school (Realschule) in Trieste. He died there as well.

His best results were in 1880s and 1890s. In the International Chess Tournament at Vienna 1882, won by Wilhelm Steinitz and Szymon Winawer, he finished 11th. He won, ahead of Bernhard Fleissig, at the Vienna Chess Club tournament 1882, and tied for 10–11th at Nuremberg 1883 (the 3rd DSB Congress, Winawer won).

He won matches in Vienna against Berthold Englisch (3.5 : 1.5) in 1882, and Adolf Albin (5.5 : 3.5) in 1891.
The Spooklight
The Spooklight (also called the Hornet Spooklight, Hollis Light and Joplin Spook Light) is an atmospheric ghost light on the border between southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, a few miles west of the small town of Hornet, Missouri. It is caused by the misidentification of distant car headlights.36°56′38.18″N 94°38′34.80″W﻿ / ﻿36.9439389°N 94.6430000°W﻿ / 36.9439389; -94.6430000

Atmospheric ghost lights
Atmospheric ghost lights are lights (or fires) that appear in the atmosphere without an obvious cause. Examples include the onibi, hitodama and will-o'-wisp. They are often seen in humid climates.

According to legend, some lights are wandering spirits of the dead, the work of devils or yōkai, or the pranks of fairies. They are feared by some people as a portent of death. In other parts of the world, there are folk beliefs that supernatural fires appear where treasure is buried; these fires are said to be the spirits of the treasure or the spirits of humans buried with grave goods. Atmospheric ghost lights are also sometimes thought to be related to UFOs.

Some ghost lights such as St. Elmo's fire or the shiranui have been explained as optical phenomena of light emitted through electrical activity. Other types may be due to combustion of flammable gases, ball lightning, meteors, torches and other human-made fires, the misperception of human objects, and pranks.
Sinister Six
The Sinister Six are a group of supervillains in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, mainly those featuring Spider-Man. The members are drawn from the character's list of enemies, with the original members forming the team in The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #1 (October 1964). Led by Doctor Octopus (introduced in issue #3), the team in its premiere followed swiftly the very early appearances of many of the most enduring members of Spider-Man's rogues gallery: the Vulture (issue #2), the Sandman (issue #4), Electro (issue #9), Mysterio (issue #13), and Kraven the Hunter (issue #15). While Doctor Octopus has generally remained its leader, the Sinister Six has had multiple variations of composition.

The team has been adapted into various forms of media, mainly in animated series and video games.

Sinister Syndicate
The Sinister Syndicate is a group of supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters serve as a collection of lesser-known Spider-Man villains. The group was the focus of the 1991 Deadly Foes of Spider-Man mini-series.
Nundah Fire Station
Nundah Fire Station is a heritage-listed former fire station at 7 Union Street, Nundah, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Atkinson & Conrad and built in 1936 by T F Woollam. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 26 March 1999.

Nundah, Queensland
Nundah (previously called German Station) is an inner suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It contains the neighbourhood of Toombul. In the 2021 census, Nundah had a population of 13,098 people.

Prior to European settlement, Nundah was inhabited by Aboriginal people from the Turrbul tribe. Nundah is primarily a residential suburb, which straddles Sandgate Road, one of the major arterial roads of Brisbane's north.  It was first settled by Europeans in the mid-19th century, although the suburb remained primarily a rural area until it was connected to Brisbane via railway in the 1880s. Originally considered a working-class suburb, the area has become gentrified in recent years, and today features a mix of traditional worker's cottages and modern high-density apartment blocks. It is close to the Centro Shopping Centre.
Kuryu Rakusen-en Sanatorium
Kuryū Rakusen-en Sanatorium, or National Sanatorium Kuryū Rakusen-en is a sanatorium for leprosy or ex-leprosy patients situated at Kusatsu-machi, Azuma-gun, Gunma Prefecture in Japan, which started in 1932.

Kusatsu, Gunma
Kusatsu (草津町, Kusatsu-machi) is a town located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. In September 2020, the town had a population of 6,255, in 3,407 households, and a population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 249.75 square kilometres (96.43 sq mi). Kusatsu is one of the most famous hot springs resorts in Japan.
Dan Jolley
Dan Jolley is an American novelist and comic book writer. His comics work includes DC Comics' Firestorm and Graphic Universe's Twisted Journeys, a series of interactive fiction or gamebooks in graphic novel form, and his novel work includes the young-adult science fiction espionage series Alex Unlimited along with his international best selling novel, The Gray Widow's Walk, which is his first book in the Gray Widow trilogy that he publishes through Seventh Star Press. He created Jason Rusch, the second Firestorm, with artist ChrisCross.

The Heart of a Warrior
The Heart of a Warrior is the third book in the Ravenpaw's Path series of original English-language manga. It focuses on Firestar's promise to get rid of the rogues that are living in Ravenpaw and Barley's barn. The book came out on 3 August 2010 and was published by Tokyopop. It was published under the pen name Erin Hunter, was written by Dan Jolley, and was drawn by James L. Barry.
Octopoteuthis danae
Octopoteuthis danae is a little known species of small squid in the genus Octopoteuthis of the family Octopoteuthidae. They belong to the pelagic squid order Oegopsida. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is distinguished from the other known similar Atlantic species, Octopoteuthis megaptera, by having a shorter tail which has two photophores. Its specific name honours James Dwight Dana (1813–1895) the American mineralogist and geologist who was a member of the U.S. Exploring Expedition in the Pacific of 1838–42 under Charles Wilkes. This expedition discovered that Antarctica was a continent and named it.

Octopoteuthis
Octopoteuthis is a genus of squid, one of the two referred to as octopus squid (family Octopoteuthidae), the other being Taningia, its sister genus. Both Octopoteuthis and Taningia are characterized by their lack of tentacles for the majority of their life cycle, which led to their common name.
The Masked Singer (British TV series) series 3
The third series of the British version of The Masked Singer premiered on ITV on 1 January 2022, following a Christmas singalong episode which aired on 25 December 2021, and concluded on 12 February 2022. The series was won by singer Natalie Imbruglia as "Panda", with singer Charlotte Church finishing second as "Mushroom", and singer Mark Feehily placing third as "Robobunny".

The Masked Singer (British TV series)
The Masked Singer is a British reality singing competition television series that premiered on ITV on 4 January 2020. It is based on the Masked Singer franchise that originated from the South Korean show King of Mask Singer, which features celebrities singing famous songs while wearing head-to-toe costumes and face masks concealing their identities. In February 2022, the show was recommissioned for a fourth and fifth series. The show won an International Emmy for Best Non-Scripted Entertainment in 2021.
Wyoming historical monuments and markers
Wyoming historical monuments and markers are markers, signs, statues, monuments, and plaques installed at important historical sites in Wyoming. The historical markers were installed by the State of  Wyoming, nonprofit organizations, and private parties. For the state, different departments have participated in the program, including: Wyoming Division of State Parks and Historic Sites, the Wyoming Department of Transportation, and the Wyoming Office of Tourism. The State of Wyoming has one of the oldest sign and marker programs in the United States. The oldest marker is in Albany County and was built in 1875, the Ames Monument, commissioned by the Union Pacific Railroad, in honor of The First transcontinental railroad builders. Many of the Wyoming historical sites later became National Register of Historic Places.

Herman Gould Nickerson
Herman Gould Nickerson, (Captain  H. G. Nickerson) was an American pioneer, born in Litchfield, Ohio of Medina County on May 4, 1841. Nickerson died on October 23, 1927, at the age of 86 in Thermopolis, Wyoming. Nickerson is buried in Mount Hope Cemetery in Lander, Wyoming. Herman Gould Nickerson's father was Erastus Nickerson (-1892), who manufactured shoes. His mother was Harriet (Clifford) Nickerson, also a native of the state of Ohio. Nickerson was an American Civil War Veteran, politician, gold miner, Wyoming historian and judge.
Geographic information system software
A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures.

Comparison of geographic information systems software
This is a comparison of notable GIS software. To be included on this list, the software must have a linked existing article.

The selection of GIS software is a non-trivial task typically undertaken at project commencement.  The use of appropriate selection criteria and methodology can be critical to a project's success, with considerations including outlay costs, ease of use, data and system harmonization and maintenance, incorporation of advances in technology, and downstream system integration.
Matthew, Count of Boulogne
Matthew, Count of Boulogne (c. 1137–1173), also known as Matthew of Alsace, was the second son of Thierry, Count of Flanders and Sibylla of Anjou. Matthew forcibly abducted the nun  Marie de Boulogne, daughter of Stephen, King of England, and constrained her into marriage, claiming the title of Count of Boulogne jure uxoris in 1160. The forced marriage was opposed by the Church and finally annulled in 1170, but he continued to rule as count until his death.

Matthew and Marie had two daughters: Ida, Countess of Boulogne, and Maud of Boulogne. Maud married Henry I, Duke of Brabant. In 1171, Matthew married Eleanor, daughter of Ralph I, Count of Vermandois, they had one short-lived daughter.

Matthew was a supporter of Henry the Young King, and received lands in England. He died fighting at the siege of Driencourt, during the 1173–74 revolt of Henry II of England's sons, under the leadership of Philip of Flanders. Wounded by a crossbow bolt, he did not recover.

Thierry, Count of Flanders
Theoderic (Dutch: Diederik, French: Thierry, German: Dietrich; c. 1099 – 17 January 1168), commonly known as Thierry of Alsace, was the fifteenth count of Flanders from 1128 to 1168. With a record of four campaigns in the Levant and Africa (including participation in the Second Crusade, the failed 1157–1158 siege of the Syrian city Shaizar, and the 1164 invasion of Egypt), he had a rare and distinguished record of commitment to crusading.
Ernesto Maceda
Ernesto Madarang "Ernie" Maceda Sr. (March 26, 1935 – June 20, 2016) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and columnist who served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1971 to 1972 and again from 1987 to 1998. He served as Senate President from 1996 to 1998.

President of the Senate of the Philippines
President of the Senate of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas), commonly referred to as Senate President, is the title of the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines, and third highest and most powerful official in the government of the Philippines. They are elected by the entire body to be their leader. The Senate president is second in the line of succession to the presidency, behind only the vice president and ahead of the speaker of the House of Representatives.

The incumbent Senate president is Tito Sotto of the Nationalist People's Coalition.
Ma Bukang
Ma Bukang (traditional Chinese: 馬步康; simplified Chinese: 马步康; pinyin: Mǎ Bùkāng; Wade–Giles: Ma Pu-k’ang, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ  ﺑُﻮْ ﻛْﺎ) was a Chinese Muslim General and warlord and a member of the Ma Clique. Ma Bukang led a military force around Gansu in the Republic of China. His nickname was Little Big Horse. He controlled western Gansu after his cousin Ma Zhongying disappeared and left it vacant.

Ma Bukang and Ma Bufang were having a discussion on Ma Biao when Japanese warplanes bombed Xining.

He commanded the 8th Cavalry Division during World War II against the Japanese. Ma Bukang succeeded his relative Ma Biao as 8th Cavalry Division commander in the summer of 1942 and proceeded to battle the Japanese.

He fought against the Communists during the Meridian Ridge Campaign. He then fled to Saudi Arabia with Ma Bufang; however, after one year, they then moved to Cairo, Egypt.

Ma Biao (general)
Ma Biao (1885–1948) (traditional Chinese: 馬彪; simplified Chinese: 马彪; pinyin: Mǎ Biāo; Wade–Giles: Ma Piao) was a Chinese Muslim Ma Clique General in the National Revolutionary Army, and served under Ma Bufang, the Governor of Qinghai. A member of the Ma family, Ma Biao was the eldest son of Ma Haiqing 馬海清, who was the sixth younger brother of Ma Haiyan, the grandfather of Ma Bufang.
Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf
Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf (September 15, 1850 – October 3, 1932) was an American botanist who specialized in the flora of the Pacific Northwest. He was largely self-taught and is considered one of the top three self-taught botanists of his era for the Pacific Northwest, alongside Thomas Jefferson Howell and William Conklin Cusick.

William Conklin Cusick
William Conklin Cusick (February 21, 1842 – October 7, 1922) was an American botanist who specialized in the flora of the Pacific Northwest. His botanical knowledge was largely self-taught and he is considered one of the top three self-taught botanists of his era for the Pacific Northwest; the other two being Thomas Jefferson Howell and Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf.
Medby Chapel
Medby Chapel (Norwegian: Medby kapell) is a chapel of the Church of Norway in Senja Municipality in Troms county, Norway.  It is located in the village of Medby on the west coast of the island of Senja. It is an annex chapel for the Torsken parish which is part of the Senja prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The white, wooden chapel was built in a long church style in 1937. The chapel seats about 170 people.

Medby
Medby is a village in Senja Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located along the Veidmannsfjorden on the southwestern part of the island of Senja. The village lies along a highway that connects the villages of Grunnfarnes and Sifjord. The Kaldfarnes area lies just to the west of Medby and Ånderdalen National Park lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east of the village. Medby Chapel is located in this village.
DRB Class 01.10
The Deutsche Reichsbahn Class 01.10 was a series of  express steam locomotives. Developed at the end of the 1930s it was part of the standard locomotive programme (Einheitsdampflokomotiven). Modernized in the 1950s, the class lasted almost until the end of steam operation at the West German Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB).

Einheitsdampflokomotive
The Einheitsdampflokomotiven ("standard steam locomotives"), sometimes shortened to Einheitslokomotiven, Einheitsloks, Einheitsdampfloks or simply Dampflok, were the standardized steam locomotives built in Germany after 1925 under the direction of the Deutsche Reichsbahn. Their manufacture made extensive use of standard design features, components and it's still in use.
Dicker-rod
The dicker-rod (also spelled dickerod) is a device intended to replace the first down chains commonly used to measure 10-yard distances during games of gridiron football. The device was named for its inventor, George Dicker (1913–1989) of Tustin, California, and received a patent in 1973.  The dicker-rod also aims to improve safety, as a 10-yard length of chain laying along the sideline can be a hazard for players. Additionally, it requires just one person to operate, rather than a three-person chain crew. However, the dicker-rod has not been widely used, and the first-down chain remains the standard.

Chain crew
In gridiron football, the chain crew (commonly known as the "chain gang") is a crew that manages signal poles on one of the sidelines. There are three primary signal poles: the "rear rod" that marks the beginning of the current set of downs, the "forward rod" that marks the line to gain, and the "box" that marks the line of scrimmage. The two rods are attached at the bottom by a chain exactly ten yards long, while the "box" displays the current down number.

The chain crew, under the direction of the head linesman/down judge, signals the officials' decisions; it does not make decisions. Players look to the chain crew to see the line of scrimmage, the down number, and the line to gain. Officials may rely on the chain crew after a play (incomplete pass or penalty) whose outcome depends on the original spot of the ball. This also includes bringing the chains onto the field whenever an accurate measurement is needed to determine if a first down has been made.