hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Raigad district
Raigad district (Marathi pronunciation: [ɾaːjɡəɖ]), previously Colaba district, is a district in the Konkan division of Maharashtra, India.
The headquarters of the district is Alibag.Raigad district is located in western part of Maharashtra.Other major cities in the district are Panvel, Karjat, Navi Mumbai, Khopoli, Shrivardhan and Mahad.

Konkan division
Konkan division is one of the six administrative divisions of Maharashtra state in India. It comprises the central portions of the Konkani region, excluding Goa and Daman, which were absorbed into Maharashtra owing to the States Reorganisation of India. Konkan division is the western section of present-day Maharashtra, alongside the west coast of India. The two districts of the state capital of Mumbai (Bombay) also fall into this division.
William Emerson Ritter
William Emerson Ritter (November 21, 1856 – January 10, 1944) was an American biologist.

Ritter initiated and shaped the Marine Biological Association of San Diego (now Scripps Institution of Oceanography of UC San Diego) and the American Society for the Dissemination of Science (now the Society for Science and the Public and Science News).  Innovative and entrepreneurial, with a deep desire for human service, he worked tirelessly to educate people in scientific thinking. He was the first biologist to propose a theory of systems, and seems to be the originator of the term organicism for biological purposes.

E. W. Scripps (businessman)
Edward Willis Scripps (June 18, 1854 – March 12, 1926) was an American newspaper publisher.  He and his sister Ellen Browning Scripps founded the E. W. Scripps Company, today a diversified media conglomerate, as well as the United Press news service (which became United Press International (UPI) when International News Service (INS) merged with United Press in 1958). The E. W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University is named for him.
Louang Namtha Airport
Louangnamtha Airport (IATA: LXG, ICAO: VLLN) is an airport in Laos, 6 km south of the city of Luang Namtha. The airport was closed between 2006 and 2008 for a renovation that extended the runway from 1,200 to 1,600 metres, allowing larger aircraft such as the ATR 72 to use the airport, and built a new 700 m2 passenger terminal.

Luang Namtha
Luang Namtha (Luang Nam Tha) (Lao: ມ. ຫລວງນໍ້າທາ; Chinese: 琅南塔) is a district and the capital of Luang Namtha Province in northern Laos. The city lies on the Tha River (Nam Tha). The Luang Namtha Museum is in the town.
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (Polish: [ˈandʐɛj ˈvajda]; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of A Generation (1955), Kanał (1957) and Ashes and Diamonds (1958).

He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers, whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances.

Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Promised Land (1975), The Maids of Wilko (1979), Man of Iron (1981) and Katyń (2007).

Without Anesthesia
Without Anesthesia (alternative English title: Rough Treatment) is the English-language title for the Polish film Bez znieczulenia, released in 1978, directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was entered in the 1979 Cannes Film Festival.

According to the screenplay, Without Anesthesia takes place in the 1960s. Jerzy (Zbigniew Zapasiewicz), a well-known journalist and foreign correspondent who reports on wars, revolutions and guerrilla movements in the third world, is a man whose personal life and career are falling apart.

The main character is based on Ryszard Kapuściński, the prominent Polish journalist and author of the "reportage" school.
Beth midrash
A beth midrash (Hebrew: בית מדרש, "house of learning"; pl.: batei midrash), also beis medrash, bais midrash, or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall". It is distinct from a synagogue (beth knesseth), although the two are often coextensive. In Yiddish the beth midrash may be referred to as a zal, i.e. "hall". Beis midrash can also refer to a yeshiva gedolah, the undergraduate-level program in Orthodoxy, for boys over 12th grade.

The Arabic term "madrasah" is derived from the same Semitic root, and refers to any type of educational institution. The root דרש means "to seek [knowledge]" and is then generalized to mean "expound".

Yeshiva gedolah
Yeshiva gedolah (Hebrew: ישיבה גדולה), known in the United States as bais medrash, is a type of yeshiva, a Jewish educational institution, which is aimed at post-secondary students in their later teens or younger twenties. This contrasts with a Yeshiva Ketana or Mesivta, in which students are typically in the early teens.
Leslie Landon
Leslie Landon Matthews (née Landon) is an American psychologist and former actress. She had a supporting role on the Little House on the Prairie television series, in which her father, Michael Landon, played the lead.

Served as Queen Shenandoah LIII in 1980 at the Shenandoah Apple Blossom Festival in Winchester, VA. Her reign launched a family tradition, with her sister Shawna (1996) and daughter Rachel (2013) later wearing the crown.

Michael Landon
Michael Landon Sr. (born Eugene Maurice Orowitz; October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991) was an American actor and filmmaker. He is known for his roles as Little Joe Cartwright in Bonanza (1959–1973), Charles Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie (1974–1983), and Jonathan Smith in Highway to Heaven (1984–1989). Landon appeared on the cover of TV Guide 22 times, second only to Lucille Ball.
Fred Hopkins
Fred Hopkins (October 11, 1947 – January 7, 1999) was an American double bassist who played a major role in the development of the avant-garde jazz movement. He was best known for his association with the trio Air with Henry Threadgill and Steve McCall, and for his numerous performances and extensive recordings with major jazz musicians such as Muhal Richard Abrams, Arthur Blythe, Oliver Lake, and David Murray. He was a member of the AACM, and a frequent participant in the loft jazz scene of the 1970s. He also co-led a number of albums with the composer and cellist Diedre Murray. Gary Giddins wrote that Hopkins' playing "fused audacious power with mercuric reflexes." Howard Reich, writing in the Chicago Tribune, stated that "many connoisseurs considered [Hopkins] the most accomplished jazz bassist of his generation" and praised him for "the extraordinarily fluid technique, sumptuous tone and innovative methods he brought to his instrument."

Peter Brötzmann
Peter Brötzmann (6 March 1941 – 22 June 2023) was a German jazz saxophonist and clarinetist regarded as a central and pioneering figure in European free jazz. Throughout his career, he released over fifty albums as a bandleader. Amongst his many collaborators were key figures in free jazz, including Derek Bailey, Anthony Braxton and Cecil Taylor, as well as experimental musicians such as Keiji Haino and Charles Hayward. His 1968 Machine Gun became "one of the landmark albums of 20th-century free jazz".
FK Rudar Prijedor
Fudbalski klub Rudar Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Фудбалски клуб Pудаp Пpиjeдop) is a professional football club from the city of Prijedor that is situated in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Rudar plays in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the club plays its home matches on the Gradski stadion which has a capacity that can hold 6,000 spectators.

Prijedor
Prijedor (Serbian Cyrillic: Приједор, pronounced [prijěːdor] ⓘ) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it had a population of 80,916 inhabitants within its administrative limits. Prijedor is situated in the geographical region of Bosanska Krajina, a northwestern part of the country.

Prijedor is known for its mixed religious heritage comprising Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Roman Catholicism and Islam. Historic buildings from the Ottoman and Austrian-Hungarian periods are a feature of the urban landscape. The city underwent extensive renovation between 2006 and 2009.
Denture-related stomatitis
Denture-related stomatitis is a common condition where mild inflammation and redness of the oral mucous membrane occurs beneath a denture. In about 90% of cases, Candida species are involved, which are normally a harmless component of the oral microbiota in many people. Denture-related stomatitis is the most common form of oral candidiasis (a yeast infection of the mouth). It is more common in elderly people, and in those who wear a complete upper denture (a denture which replaces all the upper teeth, worn by someone with no natural teeth in their upper jaw). Denture-related stomatitis is more likely to develop when the denture is left constantly in the mouth, rather than removing it during sleep, and when the denture is not cleaned regularly.

Oral candidiasis
Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), also known as oral thrush, is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth.

Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated organism in this condition. C. albicans is carried in the mouths of about 50% of the world's population as a normal component of the oral microbiota. This candidal carriage state is not considered a disease, but when Candida species become pathogenic and invade host tissues, oral candidiasis can occur. This change usually constitutes an opportunistic infection by normally harmless micro-organisms because of local (i.e., mucosal) or systemic factors altering host immunity.
World Summit on the Information Society
The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) was a two-phase United Nations-sponsored summit on information, communication and, in broad terms, the information society that took place in 2003 in Geneva and in 2005 in Tunis. WSIS Forums have taken place periodically since then. One of the Summit's chief aims is to bridge the global digital divide separating rich countries from poor countries by increasing internet accessibility in the developing world. The conferences established 17 May as World Information Society Day.

The WSIS+10 Process marked the ten-year milestone since the 2005 Summit. In 2015, the stocktaking process culminated with a High-Level meeting of the UN General Assembly on 15 and 16 December in New York. The United Nations General Assembly will conclude the WSIS+20 review in December 2025.

Global digital divide
The global digital divide describes global disparities, primarily between developed and developing countries, in regards to access to computing and information resources such as the Internet and the opportunities derived from such access.

The Internet is expanding very quickly, and not all countries—especially developing countries—can keep up with the constant changes. The term "digital divide" does not necessarily mean that someone does not have technology; it could mean that there is simply a difference in technology.  These differences can refer to, for example, high-quality computers, fast Internet, technical assistance, or telephone services.
Picenum
Picenum was a region of ancient  Italy. The name was assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum became Regio V in the Augustan territorial organisation of Roman Italy. It is now in Marche and the northern part of Abruzzo.

The Piceni or Picentes were the native population of Picenum, but they were not of uniform ethnicity. They maintained a sanctuary to the Sabine goddess Cupra in Cupra Marittima.

Picenum was also the birthplace of such Roman notables as Pompey the Great and his father, Pompeius Strabo.

Cupra (goddess)
Cupra was a goddess of the ancient pre-Roman population of the Piceni and the Umbri.

Dedications to her have been found at Plestia (attested as matres ple(s)tinas) and Ripatransone, and in Cupramontana and Cupra Marittima, which are named after her.
What Have You Done to Solange?
What Have You Done to Solange? (Italian: Cosa avete fatto a Solange?) is a 1972 giallo film directed by Massimo Dallamano and starring Fabio Testi, Karin Baal, Joachim Fuchsberger, Cristina Galbó, and Camille Keaton. The plot follows a series of violent murders occurring at a Catholic girls' school in London, where a young student has gone missing.

The film is a co-production between Italian production companies Italian International Films S.r.l., Clodio Cinematografica and West German studio Rialto Film. It was released in Germany as Das Geheimnis der grünen Stecknadel ("The Clue of the New Pin"), where it was promoted an Edgar Wallace krimi film.

Giallo
In Italian cinema, giallo (Italian: [ˈdʒallo]; pl.: gialli; from giallo, lit. 'yellow') is a genre that often contains slasher, thriller, psychological horror, psychological thriller, sexploitation, and, less frequently, supernatural horror elements.

This particular style of Italian-produced murder mystery horror-thriller film usually blends the atmosphere and suspense of thriller fiction with elements of horror fiction (such as slasher violence) and eroticism (similar to the French fantastique genre), and often involves a mysterious killer whose identity is not revealed until the final act of the film. The genre developed in the mid-to-late 1960s, peaked in popularity during the 1970s, and subsequently declined in commercial mainstream filmmaking over the next few decades, though examples continue to be produced. It was a predecessor to, and had significant influence on, the later slasher film genre.
Goscote Wapentake
52°45′N 1°06′W﻿ / ﻿52.75°N 1.10°W﻿ / 52.75; -1.10

Goscote was a wapentake in the county of Leicestershire, England; consisting of the north and north-west of the county.  It was recorded in the Domesday Book, but as the wapentakes evolved to form hundreds, was split into East Goscote Hundred and West Goscote Hundred in 1346.

East Goscote Hundred
52°42′N 00°52′W﻿ / ﻿52.700°N 0.867°W﻿ / 52.700; -0.867
East Goscote Hundred was a hundred of Leicestershire, that arose from the division of the ancient Goscote hundred (also known as a Wapentake) into two.  It covered the eastern part of today's Charnwood district, along with the northern part of Harborough District, and extended south-east to meet Rutland.

The hundred was created by the sub-division of the Goscote hundred in 1346.  A parish in the East Goscote Hundred was Prestwould (later named Prestwold).

Today, the name of the East Goscote Hundred lives on in the 20th century village of East Goscote.
Spanish miracle
The Spanish economic miracle (Spanish: milagro económico español) refers to a period of exceptionally rapid development and growth across all major areas of economic activity in Spain during the latter part of the Francoist regime, 1959 to 1974, in which GDP averaged a 6.5 percent growth rate per year, and was itself part of a much longer period of an above average GDP growth rate from 1951 to 2007. The economic boom came to an end with the 1970s international oil and stagflation crises that disrupted the industrialised world although several  scholars have argued that "liabilities accumulated during years of frenzied pursuit of economic development" were in fact to blame for the slow economic growth of the late 1970s.

SEAT
SEAT S.A. (English: /ˈseɪɑːt/; Spanish: [ˈseat]; from Spanish Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo, lit. 'Spanish Passenger Car Company') is a Spanish car manufacturer that sells its vehicles under the SEAT and Cupra brands. Founded on 9 May 1950, it was created as a joint venture between Spain's government-owned Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), which held a majority stake, Spanish private banks, and Fiat. After being listed as an independent automaker for 36 years, the Spanish government sold SEAT to the Volkswagen Group in 1986, and it remains a fully owned subsidiary of the Group.

The headquarters of SEAT S.A. is located in Martorell, near Barcelona, at the company's industrial complex. Over 468,000 units were produced in 2020 with more than 427,000 cars exported to over 75 countries worldwide.
Vice President of Gabon
The vice president of Gabon (French: Vice-président du Gabon) is a political position in Gabon. The vice president's role is to assist the president and the person serving as vice president has no interim role in the event of a power vacuum.

Séraphin Moundounga is the current vice president appointed by president Brice Oligui Nguema on 5 May 2025.

Séraphin Moundounga
Séraphin Moundounga OEE ONM (born 29 February 1964 in Tchibanga) is a Gabonese politician who is currently serving as the vice president of Gabon since May 2025. He served in the government of Gabon as Minister of Justice from 2014 to 2016.
Sainte-Anne (provincial electoral district)
Sainte-Anne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t an]) was a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Montréal–Sainte-Anne, Montréal–Saint-Henri and Montréal–Saint-Louis electoral districts.  Its final election was in 1989.  It disappeared in the 1994 election and its successor electoral district was Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne.

It was named for the former ward of Sainte-Anne or St. Ann, encompassing Griffintown and the eastern part of Pointe-Saint-Charles, referring to the parish of St. Ann's Church in Griffintown.

Montréal–Sainte-Anne
Montréal–Sainte-Anne (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʁeal sɛ̃t an]) was a former provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elected members to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

It was created for the 1912 election from parts of Montréal division no. 5 and Montréal division no. 6 electoral districts.  Its final election was in 1962.  It disappeared in the 1966 election and its successor electoral district was Sainte-Anne.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers portions of Essex county. Democrat Joan Lovely of Salem has represented the district since 2013.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Axmouth
Axmouth is a village, civil parish and former manor in the East Devon district of Devon, England, near the mouth of the River Axe.  The village itself is about 1 mile (1.6 km) inland, on the east bank of the Axe estuary. The parish extends along the estuary to the sea, and a significant distance to the east. The village is near Seaton and Beer which are on the other side of the Axe estuary.

According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 493.

Stedcombe House
Stedcombe House is a country house in the civil parish of Axmouth, in the East Devon district, in the county of Devon, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. Richard Hallet purchased the estate in 1691 from Sir Walter Yonge, and built the house there in 1697.
Wurzen
Wurzen (German pronunciation: [ˈvʊʁtsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in the district Leipzig Land (voting) and Muldental (number plates), in Saxony, Germany. It is situated next to the river Mulde, here crossed by two bridges, 25 km east of Leipzig, by rail N.E. of Leipzig on the main line via Riesa to Dresden.

It has a cathedral dating from the twelfth century, a castle, at one time a residence of the bishops of Meissen and later utilized as law courts, several schools, an agricultural college and a police station including a prison.

Bishop of Dresden-Meissen
The Bishop of Dresden-Meissen is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen in the ecclesiastical Province of Berlin.

The diocese covers an area of 16,934 km2 (6,538 sq mi) and was erected as the Diocese of Meissen on 24 June 1921. The name was changed to Dresden-Meissen on 15 November 1979.
Castelo Rodrigo wine
Castelo Rodrigo (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐʃˈtɛlu ʁuˈdɾiɣu]) is a Portuguese wine region centered on the town of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo in the wider Beiras wine region south of the Douro river. Castelo Rodrigo was initially a separate Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada (IPR) region, but in 2005, it became one of three subregions of the Beira Interior DOC, which has the higher Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) status. Its name may still be indicated together with that of Beira Interior, as Beira Interior-Castelo Rodrigo.

Located along the border with Spain, this warm climate region is known for its full bodied, spicy red wines.

Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo (European Portuguese pronunciation: [fiˈɣɐjɾɐ ðɨ kɐʃˈtɛlu ʁuˈðɾiɣu] ⓘ) is a municipality in the District of Guarda in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,150, in an area of 508.57 km2.
Located in the Riba Coa (near the River Coa), just like other municipalities around Riba Coa, such as Almeida, Meda, Pinhel and Sabugal. Known for its castle which is a listed National monument, as well as pine-wood forests and rolling hills.

The municipality borders the frontier with Spain, formed by the Águeda River, a tributary of the Douro, which it joins at Barca D'Alva, approximately 18 km north of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo town.

The present Mayor is Carlos Condesso, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 7.

Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo figures in José Saramago's 2008 novel The Elephant's Journey.
Back Home in Derry
"Back Home in Derry" is an Irish rebel song written by Bobby Sands while imprisoned in HM Prison Maze.

The song has been performed by multiple artists, most notably by Christy Moore on his 1984 album Ride On, who sang it to a melody inspired by Gordon Lightfoot's famous 1976 song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald". Moore's version is shorter than the original poem.

Bobby Sands
Robert Gerard Sands (Irish: Roibeárd Gearóid Ó Seachnasaigh; 9 March 1954 – 5 May 1981) was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died on hunger strike while imprisoned at HM Prison Maze in Northern Ireland. Sands helped to plan the 1976 Balmoral Furniture Company bombing in Dunmurry, which was followed by a gun battle with the Royal Ulster Constabulary. Sands was arrested while trying to escape and sentenced to 14 years for firearms possession.

He was the leader of the 1981 hunger strike in which Irish republican prisoners protested against the removal of Special Category Status. During Sands's strike, he was elected to the UK Parliament as an Anti H-Block candidate. His death and those of nine hunger strikers were followed by a surge of IRA recruitment and activity. International media coverage brought attention to the hunger strikers, and the republican movement in general, attracting both praise and criticism.