hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Selig v. United States
Selig v. United States, 740 F.2d 572 (7th Cir. 1984), is a case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit related to the amortization of intangible property.

Conceptually, amortization is a mechanism that allows taxpayers to recover the cost of property over the life of an asset when they are precluded from taking an immediate and full deduction.  Practically, this means that taxpayers may recover the cost in small amounts over time.  There are two forms of such recovery: depreciation and amortization.  Selig deals with amortization.  The general rule for amortization is set forth in Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code.  The Selig case demonstrates some of the practical problems in cost allocation prior to the enactment of Section 197.

Seattle Pilots
The Seattle Pilots were an American professional baseball team based in Seattle. Based at Sick's Stadium, the team played for just one season: 1969, finishing last in the West Division of Major League Baseball's American League with a 64–98 record. On April 1, 1970, the franchise moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and became the Milwaukee Brewers. After the move, Seattle and King County sued the American League, which consequently granted the city a new expansion franchise, the Seattle Mariners.
Hans Kohala
Hans Kohala (born 3 June 1966 in Nacka) is a Swedish luger who competed in the early 1990s. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of sixth in the men's doubles at Albertville in 1992.

Kohala is president of the Swedish Luge Association.

His children Svante and Tove are members of the Swedish luge national team.

Tove Kohala
Tove Britt Ingeborg Kohala (born 29 January 2001) is a Swedish luger who competes internationally.

She represented her country at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Her father, Hans, competed in the luge doubles event at the 1992 and 1994 Winter Olympics. Her brother, Svante, also competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in the men's singles event in luge.
Duchy of Brabant
The Duchy of Brabant, a state of the Holy Roman Empire, was established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant of 1085–1183, and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries. The Duchy comprised part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was partitioned after the Dutch revolt of 1566–1648.

The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ceded present-day North Brabant (Dutch: Noord-Brabant) to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic, while the reduced duchy remained part of the Habsburg Netherlands until French Revolutionary forces conquered it in 1794 — a change recognized by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797.

Today all the duchy's former territories, apart from exclaves, are divided between Belgium and the Dutch province of North Brabant.

Province of Brabant
The Province of Brabant (/brəˈbænt/, US also /brəˈbɑːnt, ˈbrɑːbənt/; Dutch: [ˈbraːbɑnt] ⓘ) was a province in Belgium from 1830 to 1995. It was created in 1815 as South Brabant, part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1995, it was split into the Dutch-speaking Flemish Brabant, the French-speaking Walloon Brabant and the bilingual Brussels-Capital Region.
William Edwards (architect)
William Edwards (February 1719 – 7 August 1789) was a Welsh Methodist minister who also practised as a stonemason, architect and bridge engineer.

Edwards was born the son of Edward David in Eglwysilan, Caerphilly County Borough in a small farmhouse, and began preaching in his early twenties.  In 1745, he became joint pastor of a newly established Independent chapel at Groeswen, remaining in the post until his death.

He taught himself the rudiments of masonry and at the age of 27 was commissioned to build a bridge over the Taff for £500 and to maintain it for 7 years. After several attempts he succeeded and went on to build further bridges across south Wales.

On his death, he was buried in St Ilan's church in Eglwysilan, where his tomb is a grade II* listed structure.

Three of his sons (Thomas, David and Edward)  also became bridge builders, two of whom built Newport bridge in 1801. A fourth son (William) was killed in action at Gibraltar.

Old Bridge, Pontypridd
The Old Bridge (Welsh: Yr Hen Bont), which is now also known as the William Edwards Bridge or Pontypridd Bridge, and which was originally known as the New Bridge or Newbridge, is an arched single-span footbridge that spans the River Taff at Pontypridd in Wales. The bridge was built by William Edwards and was completed in 1756. The bridge now has statutory protection as a scheduled ancient monument and is grade I listed.
Buz Verno
Buz Verno (born September 28, 1953, in Staten Island, New York, United States; died August 27, 2020, in New York, New York) was an American bass guitarist, songwriter and singer.  After his father encouraged him to start playing music, Verno  began to play guitar at seven years old.  He switched to bass guitar at 12 years old.

Cherry Vanilla
Cherry Vanilla (born Kathleen Dorritie; October 16, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, publicist, and actress. After working as an actress in Andy Warhol's Pork, she worked as a publicist for David Bowie, before becoming a rock singer. She subsequently became a publicist for Vangelis.
Sighișoara City Hall
The City Hall of Sighişoara, Romania, is located near to Monastery Church. The building was built between 1887 and 1888. In the upper floor there is a baroque hall, which hosts an Academic Music festival and many other concerts of prestigious bands.

Sighișoara
Sighișoara (Romanian pronunciation: [siɡiˈʃo̯ara] ⓘ; Hungarian: Segesvár [ˈʃɛɡɛʃvaːr] ⓘ; German: Schäßburg [ˈʃɛsbʊʁk]; Transylvanian Saxon: Schäsbrich, Šesburχ, or Scheeßprich; Yiddish: שעסבורג, romanized: Shesburg; Latin: Castrum Sex or Saxoburgum) is a city on the Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the historic region of Transylvania, Sighișoara had a population of 23,927 according to the 2021 census. It is a popular tourist destination for its well-preserved old town, which is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1999. The town administers seven villages: Angofa, Aurel Vlaicu, Hetiur, Rora, Șoromiclea, Venchi, and Viilor.
Oleksandrivka, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast
Oleksandrivka (Ukrainian: Олександрівка) is a rural settlement in Donetsk urban hromada, Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast in Ukraine. According to Russia, which militarily occupies the territory, it is administered under Marinka Raion. Population: 3,885 (2022 estimate).

Donetsk urban hromada
Donetsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Донецька міська громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Donetsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the city Donetsk.

The hromada contains 14 settlements: 2 cities (Donetsk and Mospyne), 4 rural settlements (Horbachevo-Mykhailivka, Laryne, Oleksandrivka, and Staromykhailivka), and 8 villages:
First International Dada Fair
The First International Dada Fair took place in Berlin at the gallery of Dr. Burchard, from 30 June to 25 August 1920. It was to become the most famous of all Berlin Dada's exploits. It featured almost 200 works by artists including Hans Arp, Max Ernst, Hannah Höch, Francis Picabia, and Rudolf Schlichter, as well as key works by George Grosz, John Heartfield, and Raoul Hausmann. The work Tatlin at Home, 1920, can be clearly seen in one of the publicity photos taken by a professional photographer; the exhibition, whilst financially unsuccessful, gained prominent exposure in Amsterdam, Milan, Rome, and Boston. The exhibition also proved to be one of the main influences on the content and layout of Entartete Kunst, the show of degenerate art put on by the Nazis in 1937, with key slogans such as "Nehmen Sie DADA Ernst" and "Take Dada Seriously!" appearing in both exhibitions.

John Heartfield
John Heartfield (born Helmut Herzfeld; 19 June 1891 – 26 April 1968) was a German visual artist who pioneered the use of art as a political weapon. Some of his most famous photomontages were anti-Nazi and anti-fascist statements. Heartfield also created book jackets for book authors, such as Upton Sinclair, as well as stage sets for contemporary playwrights, such as Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator.
Beautiful (Eminem song)
"Beautiful" is the fifth and final single from American rapper Eminem's sixth studio album Relapse, released on August 11, 2009. The song samples "Reaching Out", originally recorded by British rock band Rock Therapy. This version of "Reaching Out" is taken from the Queen + Paul Rodgers 2005–2006 tour, which used Eminem's "Lose Yourself" as the house music. The song was partially written during the first time Eminem went to rehab in 2005.

The song was partially recorded in 2006, and would not be finished until he got clean years later. After he got clean, he added a third verse to the song, and released the song on Relapse.

Reaching Out (Queen + Paul Rodgers song)
"Reaching Out" / "Tie Your Mother Down" is the debut single by rock band Queen + Paul Rodgers released in 2005 from the album Return of the Champions. It is a medley of the 1996 Rock Therapy charity song "Reaching Out" with Queen's song "Tie Your Mother Down".
Ōwenga
Ōwenga, also known as Ōuenga or Kowewenga, is a small settlement on Chatham Island, in New Zealand's Chatham Islands group. It is the second easternmost settlement in New Zealand, after Flower Pot Bay on Pitt Island and one of the five main settlements on Chatham Island. It is located in the southeast of the island, close to Cape Fournier.

Chatham Island
Chatham Island (/ˈtʃætəm/ CHAT-əm) (Moriori: Rēkohu, lit. 'Misty Sun'; Māori: Wharekauri) is the largest island of the Chatham Islands group, in the south Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island.  It is said to be  "halfway between the equator and the pole, and right on the International Date Line", although that point is 173 miles WSW of the island's westernmost point. The Moriori are the first settlers of the Chatham Islands. The island is called Rekohu ("misty skies") in Moriori, and Wharekauri  in Māori.

The island was named after the survey ship HMS Chatham which was the first European ship to locate the island in 1791. It covers an area of 920 km2 (355 sq mi).
Chatham Island lies 650 km (404 mi) south-east of Cape Turnagain, the nearest point of mainland New Zealand.
2002 Adelaide 500
The 2002 Adelaide 500, known for naming rights reasons as the 2002 Clipsal 500, was the fourth running of the Adelaide 500 race. Racing was held from Friday 15 March until Sunday 17 March 2002. The race was held for V8 Supercars and was the opening round of the 2002 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

Adelaide 500
The Adelaide 500, officially the BP Adelaide Grand Final,  is an annual motor racing event for Supercars held on the streets of the east end of Adelaide, South Australia between 1999 and 2020 and again from 2022. The event uses a shortened form of the Adelaide Street Circuit, the former Australian Grand Prix track. The event is still colloquially known as the Clipsal 500 or simply "Clipsal" after its former longtime sponsor. With attendance at around 250,000 in 2023, the Adelaide 500 is the most attended Supercars Championship race.

The event previously took place in February and March, contributing to what locals term "mad March", along with the Adelaide Festival, Adelaide Fringe, WOMADelaide and Adelaide Writers' Week, but after a hiatus in 2021, it returned in 2022 as the season finale in late November or early December.
MIAT College of Technology
The MIAT College of Technology (formally Michigan Institute of Aviation and Technology) is a private for-profit technical school with locations in Canton, Michigan and Houston, Texas.  The college is a certified Federal Aviation Administration Part 147 school for aircraft maintenance that and also offers Energy Technology and Transportation Dispatch programs. The school was originally the Detroit Institute of Aeronautics, which was later renamed the Michigan Institute of Aeronautics. Around 2005, due to an increased demand for technical careers outside of aviation, the school expanded its curriculum to include Energy Technology and Global Logistics & Dispatch, and became known as the Michigan Institute of Aviation and Technology. The school was purchased by Universal Technical Institute (UTI) in November of 2021. In 2023, UTI announced that MIAT-Houston would be consolidated with UTI-Houston given their close proximity.

Canton, Michigan
Canton Township (commonly known simply as Canton) is a charter township in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A western suburb of Detroit, Canton is located roughly 23 miles (37.0 km) west of downtown Detroit, and 15 miles (24.1 km) east of Ann Arbor. As of the 2020 census, the township had a population of 98,659, making it Michigan's second most-populated township (after Clinton Township) and ninth most-populated municipality overall.

The township is ranked as the 96th highest-income place in the United States with a population of 50,000 or more, and is consistently ranked as one of the safest communities in the United States.
Fordham Environmental Law Review
The Fordham Environmental Law Review is a triannual law journal published by students at Fordham University School of Law, addressing topics in environmental law, legislation, and public policy. It was established in 1989 as the Fordham Environmental Law Report and changed in 1993 to the Fordham Environmental Law Journal. In 2004, the journal obtained its current name. The journal publishes three issues annually: one centered around a symposium, along with fall and spring issues. It is the 10th-most-cited student-edited environmental journal by other law journals. As of its 2025-2026 volume, the editor-in-chief was Wilson Barlow.

Fordham University School of Law
The Fordham University School of Law is the law school of Fordham University. The school is located in Manhattan and is one of the eight ABA-accredited law schools in New York City. According to the school's ABA-required disclosures, 88.12% of 2023 graduates obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment (i.e. as attorneys) nine months after graduation.
Kuivajärvi, Suomussalmi
Kuivajärvi (Karelian: Kuivajärvi or Kuivarvi) is a village in southeastern Suomussalmi, Finland, near the border with Russia. It is one of three villages in the Kainuu region with a traditionally Karelian-speaking, Orthodox Christian population, along with Hietajärvi and Rimpi.

Kuivajärvi was settled in the late 18th century. Along with Hietajärvi and Rimpi, Kuivajärvi had closer ties to villages in Russian Karelia than to those in Finland until the 1920s, when the border was closed. The village was destroyed during the Winter War, but rebuilt afterwards.

Suomussalmi
Suomussalmi (Finnish: [ˈsuo̯musˌsɑlmi]) is a municipality in Finland located in the Kainuu region about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Kajaani, the capital of Kainuu and 120 kilometres (75 mi) south of Kuusamo. The municipality has a population of 7,001
(30 June 2025) and covers an area of 5,857.60 square kilometres (2,261.63 sq mi) of which 587.03 km2 (226.65 sq mi) is water. The population density is 1.33 inhabitants per square kilometre (3.4/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Ämmänsaari is the biggest built-up area in the municipality.

Suomussalmi is the second southernmost part of the reindeer-herding area in Finland.
William Yelverton, 4th Viscount Avonmore
Major The Rt. Hon. William Charles Yelverton, 4th Viscount Avonmore (27 September 1824 – 1 April 1883 in Biarritz), was an Irish nobleman and soldier. He was the son of The 3rd Viscount Avonmore and Cecilia O'Keeffe. Major William Charles Yelverton gained the rank of Major in the service of the Royal Artillery. He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Medjidie 5th class. He was usually known to family and friends as Charles.

Viscount Avonmore
Viscount Avonmore is a title in the Peerage of Ireland created on 29 December 1800 for the former Attorney-General for Ireland and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer for Ireland, Barry Yelverton, 1st Baron Yelverton. He had been created Baron Yelverton on 15 June 1795. The 4th Viscount fought numerous legal battles to prove that his first purported marriage to Theresa Longworth was illegal. Since the death of the 6th Viscount in 1910, both titles have been dormant. According to Cracroft's Peerage, heirs-male may exist in Australia.
Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus, better known by the common names papyrus sedge, papyrus, paper reed, Indian matting plant, or Nile grass, is a species of aquatic flowering plant belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae. It is a tender herbaceous perennial, forming tall stands of reed-like swamp vegetation in shallow water.

In nature, it grows in full sun, in flooded swamps, and on lake margins throughout Africa (where it is native), Madagascar, and the Mediterranean region. It has been introduced to tropical regions worldwide, such as the Indian subcontinent, South America, and the Caribbean.

Along with its close relatives, papyrus sedge has a very long history of use by humans, notably by the Ancient Egyptians (as it is the source of papyrus paper, one of the first types of paper ever made). Parts of the plant can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats. It is now often cultivated as an ornamental plant.

Nile Delta
The Nile Delta (Arabic: دلتا النيل, Delta an-Nīl or simply الدلتا, ad-Delta) is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of the world's largest deltas. From Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east; it covers 240 km (150 mi) of the Mediterranean coastline and is a rich agricultural region. From north to south the delta is approximately 160 km (100 mi) in length. The Delta begins from Cairo.
Eucalyptus oil
Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae, mostly native to Australia but cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a pharmaceutical, antiseptic, repellent, flavouring and fragrance, as well as having industrial uses. The leaves of selected Eucalyptus species are steam distilled to extract eucalyptus oil.

Eucalyptus polybractea
Eucalyptus polybractea, commonly known as the blue-leaved mallee or simply blue mallee, is a species of mallee that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth greyish or brownish bark above, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between seven and eleven, white flowers and cup-shaped or barrel-shaped fruit.
Genkō (1331–1334)
Genkō (元弘) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Gentoku and before Kenmu. This period spanned the years from August 1331 through January 1334. The reigning Emperors were Go-Daigo-tennō (後醍醐天皇) in the south and Kōgon-tennō (光厳天皇) in the north.

Emperor Go-Daigo
Emperor Go-Daigo (後醍醐天皇 Go-Daigo-tennō) (26 November 1288 – 19 September 1339) was the 96th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He successfully overthrew the Kamakura shogunate in 1333 and established the short-lived Kenmu Restoration to bring the Imperial House back into power. This was to be the last time the emperor had real power until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. The Kenmu restoration was in turn overthrown by Ashikaga Takauji in 1336, ushering in the Ashikaga shogunate. The overthrow split the imperial family into two opposing factions between the Ashikaga backed Northern Court situated in Kyoto and the Southern Court based in Yoshino. The Southern Court was led by Go-Daigo and his later successors.
Brigade of Gurkhas
Brigade of Gurkhas is the collective name which refers to all the units in the British Army that are composed of Nepalese Gurkha soldiers. The brigade draws its heritage from Gurkha units that originally served in the British Indian Army prior to Indian independence, and prior to that served for the East India Company. The brigade includes infantry, engineering, signal, logistic and training and support units. They are known for their khukuri, a distinctive heavy knife with a curved blade, and have a reputation for being fierce and brave soldiers.

The brigade celebrated 200 years of service in the British Army in 2015.

Gorkha regiments (India)
At the time of Indian Independence in 1947, as per the terms of the Britain–India–Nepal Tripartite Agreement, six Gorkha regiments, formerly part of the British Indian Army, became part of the Indian Army and have served ever since. The troops are mainly from ethnic Gurkha communities of Nepal. A seventh Gorkha Rifles regiment was formally re-raised in the Indian Army after Independence to accommodate the dedicated Gorkha soldiers of the 7th Gurkha Rifles and the 10th Gurkha Rifles who chose not to transfer to the British Army.
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap is the third studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, originally released only in Europe, Australia and New Zealand in 1976. The album was not released in the United States until 1981, more than one year after lead singer Bon Scott's death. This was also AC/DC's first album in its entirety to be recorded with the same lineup, rather than including at least one track recorded with a different bassist or drummer.

Angus Young
Angus McKinnon Young (born 31 March 1955) is an Australian musician, best known as the co-founder, lead guitarist, songwriter, and the only continuous member of the hard rock band AC/DC. He is known for his energetic performances, schoolboy-uniform stage outfits and his own version of Chuck Berry's duckwalk. Young was ranked 38th in the 2023 edition of Rolling Stone's 250 greatest guitarists of all time list. In 2003, Young and the other members of AC/DC were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Ministry of Textiles and Jute
Ministry of Textiles and Jute (Bengali: বস্ত্র ও পাট মন্ত্রণালয়, Pronounce: Bostro ō pāṭ Montronaloy) is Bangladesh's governmental parent agency for the country's Department of Textiles and Directorate General of Jute, together which are responsible for the promotion, development and regulation of its textile industry and jute sector.

Department of Textiles (Bangladesh)
Department of Textiles (Bengali: বস্ত্র অধিদপ্তর) is a department of the government of Bangladesh under the Ministry of Textiles and Jute which is responsible for the Textile industry in Bangladesh. The function of the department is to act as guardian for this economic sector and to address its needs.
Central Indonesian National Committee
The Central Indonesian National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, KNIP), also known as the Central National Committee (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Pusat, KNP), was a body appointed to assist the president of the newly independent Indonesia. Originally purely advisory, it later gained assumed legislative functions. The Working Committee of the KNIP became part of the People's Representative Council when Indonesia became a unitary state in 1950.

Linggadjati Agreement
The Linggadjati Agreement (Linggajati in modern Indonesian spelling) was a political accord concluded on 15 November 1946 by the Dutch administration and the unilaterally declared Republic of Indonesia in the village of Linggajati, Kuningan Regency, near Cirebon in which the Dutch recognised the republic as exercising de facto authority in Java, Madura, and Sumatra.