hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Double-barreled question
A double-barreled question (sometimes, double-direct question) is an informal fallacy. It is committed when someone asks a question that touches upon more than one issue, yet allows only for one answer. This may result in inaccuracies in the attitudes being measured for the question, as the respondent can answer only one of the two questions, and cannot indicate which one is being answered.

Many double-barreled questions can be detected by the existence of the grammatical conjunction "and" in them. This is not a foolproof test, as the word "and" can exist in properly constructed questions.

A question asking about three items is known as "trible (triple, treble)-barreled".  In legal proceedings, a double-barreled question is called a compound question.

Complex question
A complex question, trick question, multiple question, fallacy of presupposition, or plurium interrogationum (Latin, 'of many questions')  is a question that has a complex presupposition. The presupposition is a proposition that is presumed to be acceptable to the respondent when the question is asked. The respondent becomes committed to this proposition when they give any direct answer. When a presupposition includes an admission of wrongdoing, it is called a "loaded question" and is a form of entrapment in legal trials or debates. The presupposition is called "complex" if it is a conjunctive proposition, a disjunctive proposition, or a conditional proposition. It could also be another type of proposition that contains some logical connective in a way that makes it have several parts that are component propositions.

Complex questions can but do not have to be fallacious, as in being an informal fallacy.
Antispila aurirubra
Antispila aurirubra is a moth of the family Heliozelidae. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1915. It is found in the US state of California.

The wingspan is 7–8 mm. The thorax and forewings are lustrous and of varying colour, according to the direction of light ranging from greenish golden to a brilliant reddish bronze. The hindwings are dark gray, but purple toward the apex.

The larvae feed on Cornus species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a brownish blotch.

Heliozelidae
The Heliozelidae, commonly known as shield-bearer moths, are a family of small, day flying monotrysian moths distributed worldwide. The larvae of most heliozelid species are leaf miners who cut distinctive shield-shaped cases from the surface of the host leaf, hence the common name. Some species are considered pests of commercial crops such as grapevines, cranberries, and walnuts. The taxonomy of this family is poorly understood.
WMYS-LD
WMYS-LD (channel 69) is a low-power television station in South Bend, Indiana, United States. It serves as an owned-and-operated station of the diginet Heroes & Icons, and has a secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. WMYS-LD is owned by Weigel Broadcasting alongside ABC affiliate WBND-LD (channel 57) and CW affiliate WCWW-LD (channel 25). The three stations share studios on Generations Drive (near the Indiana Toll Road) in northeastern South Bend; WMYS-LD's transmitter is located just off the St. Joseph Valley Parkway on the city's south side.

Due to its low-power status, its broadcasting radius only covers the immediate South Bend area. Therefore, Weigel relies on paid television subscription carriage for all three of its South Bend television stations to reach the entire market.

Heroes & Icons
Heroes & Icons (H&I) is an American digital multicast television network owned by Weigel Broadcasting. Usually carried on the digital subchannels of its affiliated television station in most markets, the network airs classic television series from the 1950s through the 2000s, with a focus on action/adventure, westerns, crime dramas, sci-fi, and superhero programming.

H&I operates from Weigel Broadcasting's headquarters on North Halsted Street in Chicago, Illinois, and is essentially an offshoot of MeTV – the general classic TV digital networks also owned by Weigel.
Macaronic language
Macaronic language is any expression using a mixture of languages, particularly bilingual puns or situations in which the languages are otherwise used in the same context (rather than simply discrete segments of a text being in different languages). Hybrid words are effectively "internally macaronic". In spoken language, code-switching is using more than one language or dialect within the same conversation.

Macaronic Latin in particular is a jumbled jargon made up of vernacular words given Latin endings or of Latin words mixed with the vernacular in a pastiche (compare dog Latin).

The word macaronic comes from the Neo-Latin macaronicus, which is from the Italian maccarone, or "dumpling", regarded as coarse peasant fare. It is generally derogatory and used when the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent or effect but is sometimes applied to more serious mixed-language literature.

Bilingual pun
A bilingual pun is a pun created by a word or phrase in one language sounding similar to a different word or phrase in another language. The result of a bilingual pun can be a joke that makes sense in more than one language (a joke that can be translated) or a joke which requires understanding of both languages (a joke specifically for those that are bilingual). A bilingual pun can be made with a word from another language that has the same meaning, or an opposite meaning.
Hackney Wick railway station
Hackney Wick is a station on the Mildmay line of the London Overground, located in the district of Hackney Wick, East London. Situated in London fare zone 2, the station was opened on 12 May 1980 by British Rail as part of the Crosstown Linkline service between North Woolwich and Camden Road stations. Between Spring 2017 and May 2018, the station was rebuilt and modernised, including replacement of the footbridge by a subway. The new subway links the two platforms as well as providing a cycle and pedestrian link between Hackney and Tower Hamlets.

Hackney, London
Hackney is a district in East London, England, forming around two-thirds of the area of the modern London Borough of Hackney, to which it gives its name. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Charing Cross and includes part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Historically it was within the county of Middlesex.

In the past it was also referred to as Hackney Proper to distinguish it from the village which subsequently developed in the vicinity of Mare Street, the term Hackney Proper being applied to the wider district.

Hackney is a large district, whose long established boundaries encompass the sub-districts of Homerton, Dalston (including Kingsland and Shacklewell), De Beauvoir Town, Upper and Lower Clapton, Stamford Hill, Hackney Central, Cambridge Heath, Hackney Wick, South Hackney and West Hackney.
Satyavarman
Jaya Satyavarman (died 787 AD), was the second king of the Fifth dynasty of Champa, modern-day Central Vietnam, reigned from 770 to 787. He was the nephew (sister's son) of king Prithindravarman, founder of a dynasty that centralized around the southern part of Champa.

In 774 and 787, Javanese raiders assaulted Champa, plundered the Po Nagar temple, vandalized and looted the temple's treasures and burned the statue of Siva. Inscription C. 216 describes the "darkness" of invaders' skin complexion. Satyavarman quickly repulsed the invaders and rebuilt the temple.

An stele erected on 16 May 783, commemorating his reconstruction of the linga for Śiva in Phước Thiện, Ninh Thuận Province (French: Cette installation du linga du Dieu Primordial, exécutée par lui Satyavarman...), previously was looted by the Javanese.

Satyavarman died in 787 and was succeeded by his brother Indravarman I, who had his own domain in Ninh Thuận.

Indravarman I (Champa)
Indravarman I was the ruling king of Champa from 787 to 801. He ascended the position king of kings after his elder brother Satyavarman (r. 770–787).

The Javanese (identified as javavalasaṅgha), after learning Satyavarman's death and the new king of Champa, launched the second incursion along southern Champa (now southern Vietnam coast). The Javanese sacked the capital of Virapura (Phan Rang), destroying temples of Hoa Lai dedicating for Bhadrādhipatīśvara west of Virapura. They plundered temples, towns, taking many spoils and women back to Java. The Javanese however still occupied Panduranga until being driven off by Indravarman in 799. The king restored the temple.

In 793 he sent an embassy to China.

Indravarman is known to have ruled until 801, and was succeeded by Harivarman I (r. 802–817), his brother-in-law.
Bernhard Müller
Bernhard Müller, known as Count de Leon (born March 21, 1788, Kostheim, Germany - died August 29, 1834, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana), was a German Christian mystic and alchemist of uncertain origins.

Monaca, Pennsylvania
Monaca (/mɪˈnækə/ mi-NAK-ə) is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 5,625 as of the 2020 census. It is located 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Pittsburgh and is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.

First incorporated in 1840 as Phillipsburg as the home of the New Philadelphia Society, its name was changed to Monaca in honor of the Oneida leader Monacatootha. Fire clay is found in large quantities in the vicinity, and there is a Stölzle Glass plant in the town.
58th (2/1st London) Division
The 58th (2/1st London) Division was an infantry division created in 1915 as part of the massive expansion of the British Army during the First World War. It was a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 56th (1/1st London) Division. After training in Britain, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in 1917. It saw action at the battles of Arras and Passchedaele in 1917 and the German spring offensive in 1918. It then took part in the Battle of Amiens and the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive of the war. The division was recreated during the Second World War, as an imaginary deception formation.

1st Somersetshire Engineers
The 1st Somersetshire Engineers was a volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers (RE) whose history dated back to 1868. As the engineer component of the 43rd (Wessex) Division, the unit served in both World Wars, distinguishing itself at the assault crossing of the River Seine at Vernon in August 1944 and in the doomed attempt to relieve the 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. A detachment also served as airborne engineers in Sicily, Italy and at Arnhem. Their successors served on in the Territorial Army until 1967.
Hobe Sound, Florida
Hobe Sound is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States, located along Florida's Treasure Coast. The population was 13,163 at the 2020 census, up from 11,521 in 2010.

Treasure Coast
The Treasure Coast is a region in the east of the U.S. state of Florida. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and comprises Indian River, Martin, and St. Lucie counties. The region, whose name refers to the Spanish Treasure Fleet that was lost in a 1715 hurricane, evidently emerged from residents' desire to distinguish themselves from the Gold Coast to the south (the coast along Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade counties). The Treasure Coast was the most severely affected by Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004, with the damage from the storms exceeding $7 billion (2004 USD).

The Treasure Coast area includes parts of two metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies: the Port St. Lucie MSA (comprising St. Lucie and Martin counties) and the Sebastian–Vero Beach, Florida MSA (comprising Indian River County).
Hawkhead
Hawkhead (Scots: Hauchheid, Scottish Gaelic: Ceann an Dail) is an area near Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland.

The village is on the Hawkhead Burn and White Cart Water, crossed via Hawkhead Bridge. It is near Dykebar, Hunterhill and Blackhall neighbourhoods and is the source of the name of Hawkhead railway station on the Paisley Canal Line, although the station is some distance to the north of the residential area, on the opposite side of a cleared industrial zone (formerly a BASF plant) and a large cemetery, also named Hawkhead.

Dykebar
Dykebar is a small residential estate at the south-easternmost periphery of Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, close to the local authority boundaries with both East Renfrewshire and Glasgow. It is situated next to the Hawkhead area, with other neighbourhoods in the vicinity including Thornly Park, Lochfield, Hunterhill and Blackhall. Dykebar is home to Paisley's general psychiatric hospital, and is approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km) from both Barrhead and Nitshill.

Dykebar is a primarily residential area 1.8miles/3 km south east of Paisley off the A726. The area remained rural until after World War II. Map references to Dykebar date back from at least 1596 until after 1640.
Hellisøy Lighthouse
Hellisøy Lighthouse (Norwegian: Hellisøy fyr) is a coastal lighthouse in Fedje Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The lighthouse lies on the small island of Hellisøy, just off the southwest coast of the larger island of Fedje and along the Fedjeosen strait.

Fedje (island)
Fedje is the largest island in Fedje Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 7.2-square-kilometre (2.8 sq mi) island is home to almost all of the municipality's residents. The island sits west of the Fedjefjorden, south of the mouth of the Fensfjorden, and north of the islands of Øygarden Municipality. The North Sea lies to the west of the island. The main population center on the island is the village of Fedje on the northern coast of the island. The southern coast of the island is the site of the other village on the island, Stormark. The 47-metre (154 ft) tall Fedjebjørnen is the highest point on the island. Hellisøy Lighthouse lies just off the southwestern coast of the island.
Marie-Alain Couturier
Marie-Alain Couturier, O.P., (15 November 1897 – 9 February 1954) was a French Dominican friar and Catholic priest, who gained fame as a designer of stained glass windows. He was noted for his modern inspiration in the field of Sacred art.

Chapelle du Rosaire de Vence
The Chapelle du Rosaire de Vence (Chapel of the Rosary), often referred to as the Matisse Chapel or the Vence Chapel, is a small Catholic chapel located in the town of Vence on the French Riviera. It was dedicated to the Dominican Order. The church was built and decorated between 1947 and 1951 under a plan devised by the artist Henri Matisse.

It houses a number of Matisse original works and was regarded by Matisse as his "masterpiece". While the simple white exterior has drawn mixed reviews from casual observers, some regard it as one of the great religious structures of the 20th century.
19 Gramercy Park South
19 Gramercy Park South, also known as 86 Irving Place or the Stuyvesant Fish House, is a four-story row house located at the corner of Gramercy Park South (East 20th Street) and Irving Place in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.

Lexington Avenue
Lexington Avenue, often colloquially abbreviated as "Lex", is an avenue on the East Side of Manhattan in New York City. The avenue carries southbound one-way traffic from East 131st Street to Gramercy Park at East 21st Street. Along its 5.5-mile (8.9-kilometer), 110-block route, Lexington Avenue runs through Harlem, Carnegie Hill, the Upper East Side, Midtown, and Murray Hill to a point of origin that is centered on Gramercy Park. South of Gramercy Park, the axis continues as Irving Place from 20th Street to East 14th Street.

Lexington Avenue was not one of the streets included in the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 street grid, so the addresses for cross streets do not start at an even hundred number, as they do with avenues that were originally part of the plan.
Vril-Ya Bazaar and Fete
The Vril-Ya Bazaar and Fete (more fully billed as  'The Coming Race' and 'Vril-Ya' Bazaar and Fete, in joint aid of The West End Hospital, and the School of Massage and Electricity) was an event held March 5–10, 1891 at the Royal Albert Hall in the British capital of London. It was organized by Herbert Tibbits to celebrate The Coming Race, an 1871 science fiction novel by Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The Royal Albert Hall and others have described the event as the world's first science fiction convention.

Edward Bulwer-Lytton
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (/ˈbʊlwər/; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secretary of State for the Colonies from June 1858 to June 1859, as which he selected Richard Clement Moody to found British Columbia. He was created Baron Lytton of Knebworth in 1866.

Bulwer-Lytton's works were well known in his time. He coined famous phrases like "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", "the great unwashed", and the opening phrase (incipit) "It was a dark and stormy night." The sardonic Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, held annually from 1982 to 2024, claims to seek the "opening sentence of the worst of all possible novels".
Pritchardia beccariana
Pritchardia beccariana, the Kilauea pritchardia, or Beccari's loulu, is a species of palm tree in the genus Pritchardia that is endemic to wet forests on the eastern part of the island of Hawaiʻi, near Hilo.

Pritchardia
The genus Pritchardia (family Arecaceae) consists of between 24 and 40 species of fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae) found on tropical Pacific Ocean islands in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tuamotus, and most diversely in Hawaii. The generic name honors William Thomas Pritchard (1829–1907), a British consul at Fiji.
Rose Bertin
Marie-Jeanne "Rose" Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French fashion merchant and businesswoman. She was particularly noted for her work with Queen Marie Antoinette. Bertin was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and haute couture to the forefront of popular culture.

Léonard Autié
Léonard-Alexis Autié, also Autier (c. 1751 – 20 March 1820), often referred to simply as Monsieur Léonard, was the favourite hairdresser of Queen Marie Antoinette and in 1788–1789 founded the Théâtre de Monsieur, "the first resident theatre in France to produce a year-round repertory of Italian opera."
A Love Letter to You 2
A Love Letter to You 2 (often abbreviated as ALLTY2) is the second commercial mixtape by American rapper Trippie Redd. It is also the second installment in the A Love Letter to You mixtape series. It was released on October 6, 2017, by TenThousand Projects and Caroline Distribution. It is the second release into Trippie Redd's A Love Letter to You series, of which began in May 2017. The album reached number 34 on the US Billboard 200. The mixtape featured guest appearances from Khalil, Cydnee with a C, Forever Anti Pop, Bali Baby, Chris King, UnoTheActivist and Rocket Da Goon.

A Love Letter to You mixtapes
The A Love Letter to You mixtapes are a series of mixtapes by American rapper Trippie Redd. First released in 2017 with A Love Letter to You, there are a total of 5 mixtapes in the series with the most recent and final installment being A Love Letter to You 5 (2023). The albums have been released under labels such as 10K Projects, Caroline Distribution and 1400 Entertainment. Production duties on the albums were held by numerous producers, including OZ, Pi'erre Bourne, Nick Mira and Taz Taylor. There have been 58 features across the 5 mixtapes.

Discussing the difference between his mixtapes and albums in an interview with Lyrical Lemonade, Redd stated: “The only difference for me is that I’m in a record deal. For me, one project counts a year, and that would be whatever my album is. Anything I drop after that would just be considered a mixtape. A mixture of songs that don’t count towards my deal. I’m not obligated to make mixtapes at all, but I just do it for my fans.”
The Lodge, Nova Scotia
The Lodge is a small community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Chester Municipal District on the Aspotogan Peninsula. Its only significant road is Nova Scotia Route 329, on the Lighthouse Route.

Municipality of the District of Chester
The Municipality of the District of Chester is a Nova Scotia district municipality occupying the northeastern half of Lunenburg County, Canada.

The district boundary was originally drawn for court sessional purposes, before the existence of elected local government. In 1879 it became a district municipality, to provide local government to the residents who live outside incorporated towns. under the authority of the Municipal Government Act of 1998.

The Municipality of the District of Chester is also a census division for Statistics Canada.
2010 Wuxi Classic
The 2010 Rundili Wuxi Classic was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament held between 3–6 June 2010 at the Wuxi Sports Center in Wuxi, China. The event was known as Jiangsu Classic in 2009.

Mark Allen was the defending champion, but he lost 1–6 in the semi-finals against Shaun Murphy. Murphy then won in the final 9–8 against Ding Junhui, winning the last seven frames from 2–8 down.

Wuxi Classic
The Wuxi Classic was a professional snooker tournament held from 2008 to 2014 in the city of Wuxi, China. It was a ranking event from 2012 through 2014. For the 2015/16 season, World Snooker reduced the number of ranking events held in China, which saw the tournament replaced by the snooker World Cup, also held in Wuxi. The last champion was Neil Robertson, who won the event in 2013 and retained his title in 2014.
Adlington, Lancashire
Adlington is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Chorley in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors. It is 3 miles (5 kilometres) south of Chorley. It became a separate parish in 1842 then grew into a township around the textile and coal mining industries until these closed in the 1960s. It had a population of 5,270 at the 2001 census, and risen to 6,010 at the 2011 census. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal runs through the village, where it holds White Bear Marina, the largest marina on the Canal.

Lindsay Hoyle
Sir Lindsay Harvey Hoyle (born 10 June 1957) is a British politician who has served as Speaker of the House of Commons since 2019 and as Member of Parliament (MP) for Chorley since 1997. Before his election as speaker, he was a member of the Labour Party.

As a Labour MP, Hoyle served as Chairman of Ways and Means and a deputy speaker to John Bercow from 2010 to 2019, before being elected as Speaker on 4 November 2019. Hoyle was unanimously re-elected as Speaker after both the 2019 general election and the 2024 general election.

Hoyle was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for parliamentary and political services.