hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
San Rafael orogeny
The San Rafael orogeny was an orogeny that affected parts of western Argentina and Chile during the Late Paleozoic. The resulting orogenic belt has a NW-NNW curved form. The San Rafael orogeny might have been linked with the roughly contemporary Gondwanide orogeny of eastern Argentina. Parts of the Choiyoi Group sediments were deformed by the San Rafael orogeny. During the Neogene ancient faults related to the San Rafael orogeny conditioned the geometry of the blocks affected by the Andean orogeny.

Some of the plutons of the Elqui-Limarí Batholith were emplaced a context of crustal thickening derivative of the San Rafael orogeny.

Elqui-Limarí Batholith
The Elqui-Limarí Batholith is a group of plutons in the Andes of Chile and Argentina between the latitudes of 28 and 30° S. The plutons of the batholith were emplaced and cooled in the Late Paleozoic and the earliest Mesozoic. Some of the plutons were emplaced in a context of crustal thickening related to the San Rafael orogeny.

Together with the Chilean Coastal Batholith and the Colangüil Batholith, the Elqui-Limarí Batholith is a remnant of the volcanic arcs that erupted the volcanic material of the Choiyoi Group. As Pangaea broke up at the end of the Paleozoic, ocean crust material was subducted under the eastern and western continental plates. Volcanic melts from this oceanic crustal material rose through the mantle and embedded themselves in the overlying continental crust. This process was the ultimate cause of these igneous intrusive bodies.
Diocesan administrator
A diocesan administrator (also known as archdiocesan administrator, archiepiscopal administrator and eparchial administrator for the case, respectively, of an archdiocese, archeparchy, and eparchy) is a provisional ordinary of a Catholic particular church.

Bremen-Verden
Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛɐ̯dən]; German: Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden.

In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover.

With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.
Pir Budaq
Abu'l-Fath Pir Budaq (died 1466) more commonly known simply as Pir Budaq (alternatively Pir Budak or Pir Budagh), son of Jahān Shāh of the Qara Qoyunlu dynasty, was governor of Shiraz (1456–1460) and of Baghdad (1460–66) where he introduced a period of political and economic stability. He is noted for developing a library of the finest manuscripts, for his patronage of the arts, for establishing Baghdad as an important centre of the arts and for reinvigorating the art of the book. He has been described as the greatest Turkmen patron of the arts.

Mirza Yusuf
Mirza Yusuf (Persian: میرزا یوسف; Azerbaijani: Mirzə Yusif) died 22 October 1469, r. 1468–1469) was the last sultan of the Qara Qoyunlu, also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, to have significant authority.
Dyckman House
The Dyckman House, now the Dyckman Farmhouse Museum, is the oldest remaining farmhouse on Manhattan island, a vestige of New York City's rural past. The Dutch Colonial-style farmhouse was built by William Dyckman, c.1785, and was originally part of over 250 acres (100 ha) of farmland owned by the family. It is now located in a small park at the corner of Broadway and 204th Street in Inwood, Manhattan.

Inwood, Manhattan
Inwood is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, at the northern tip of Manhattan Island. It is bounded by the Hudson River to the west, Spuyten Duyvil Creek and Marble Hill to the north, the Harlem River to the east, and Washington Heights to the south.

Inwood is part of Manhattan Community District 12, and its primary ZIP Code is 10034. It is served by the 34th Precinct of the New York City Police Department and Engine Company 95/Ladder Company 36 of the New York City Fire Department. Politically, it is part of the New York City Council's 10th district.
Heavy NP shift
Heavy NP shift is an operation that involves re-ordering (shifting) a "heavy" noun phrase (NP) to a position to the right of its canonical position under certain circumstances. The heaviness of the NP is determined by its grammatical complexity; whether or not shifting occurs can impact the grammaticality of the sentence.

Ross (1967) is thought to have been the first to systematically investigate the properties of heavy NP shift. Although the term heavy NP shift derives from the theoretical framework of transformational grammar, which describes the process in terms of movement of the NP, linguists working in other frameworks also use this term. And in approaches to syntax where NP is analyzed as a determiner phrase (DP), heavy NP shift is called heavy DP shift.

Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) was the earliest model of grammar proposed within the research tradition of generative grammar. Like current generative theories, it treated grammar as a system of formal rules that generate all and only grammatical sentences of a given language. What was distinctive about transformational grammar was that it posited transformation rules that mapped a sentence's deep structure to its pronounced form. For example, in many variants of transformational grammar, the English active voice sentence "Emma saw Daisy" and its passive counterpart "Daisy was seen by Emma" share a common deep structure generated by phrase structure rules, differing only in that the latter's structure is modified by a passivization transformation rule.
Place d'Italie
The Place d'Italie (French pronunciation: [plas ditali]; English: Italy Square) is a public space in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. The square has an average dimension somewhat less than 200 meters in extent (comprising about 30,000 m2), and the following streets meet there:

Boulevard Vincent-Auriol

Boulevard de l'Hôpital

Boulevard Auguste-Blanqui

Avenue des Gobelins

Avenue de la Sœur-Rosalie

Avenue d'Italie

Avenue de Choisy

Rue Bobillot

Rue Godefroy

The town hall (mairie) for the 13th arrondissement is on the Place d'Italie.

Avenue d'Italie
The Avenue d'Italie (French pronunciation: [avny ditali]) is one of the main communication axes of the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It goes from the Place d'Italie to the Porte d'Italie, crossing the Rue de Tolbiac. Line 7 of the Paris metro has four stations along the avenue.
411th Unmanned Systems Regiment (Ukraine)
The 411th Unmanned Systems Regiment ('Hawks') (MUN A4742) is a regiment level military unit of the Unmanned Systems Forces command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, concerned with drone warfare. Established in February 2022 as a battalion, it was expanded to a regiment in December 2024. Originally formed as part of the Territorial Defence Forces, the unit was transferred to the Ground Forces, serving briefly in 17 Corps, before its innovative training and other practices led to its becoming part of the central Unmanned Systems Command, in November 2025.

Unmanned Systems Forces (Ukraine)
The Unmanned Systems Forces (abbr.  USF, Ukrainian: Сили безпілотних систем, СБС, romanized: Syly bezpilotnykh system, SBS) is a branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Ukraine is the first country to have a separate branch of its military dedicated to Unmanned Systems. The USF was formally established on 11 June 2024, in the midst of the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine.

The USF conducts drone warfare using unmanned military robots on land, sea, and air. The USF does not command or control all Ukrainian drones. The Navy (including the Marines) and the Air Force control their own drone units, as do most of the brigades and units in the various land-based forces (Ground Forces, Air Assault Forces, National Guard, Special Forces, Intelligence Forces, etc) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Varanasi–Chhapra line
The Varanasi–Chhapra line or Chhapra–Varanasi line is a railway route on the North Eastern Railway section of Indian Railways. This route plays an important role in rail transportation of Varanasi division and Azamgarh division of Uttar Pradesh state and Saran division of Bihar state.

The corridor passes through the Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar with a stretch of 206 km with consists of a branch line that starts from Aunrihar Junction with passing through Mau Junction and Ends at Phephna Junction with a stretch of 118 km.

Aunrihar Junction railway station
Aunrihar Junction is a railway station located in the city of Aunrihar in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an important railway station in Ghazipur district. It falls on Varanasi–Chhapra line and Aunrihar–Jaunpur line. It is well connected to major cities including New Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Pune, Faizabad, Ayodhya, Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad, Jaunpur and Varanasi.
Protestant church of Augustinusga
The Protestant church of Augustinusga or Saint Augustine's church is a religious building in Augustinusga, Netherlands, one of the  medieval churches in Friesland.

The church was built in the 15th century and has a tower that dates from the 13th century, built out of brick. The building  was once a Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Augustine, becoming a Protestant church after the Protestant Reformation. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 7032.
The building is located on the Geawei 15.

Augustinusga
Augustinusga (West Frisian: Stynsgea) is a village in the municipality of Achtkarspelen, Friesland province, The Netherlands.

Augustinusga lies in the eastern part of the province of Friesland, 10 km north of Drachten.  As of 2017, it had a population of 1233.
British International Studies Association
The British International Studies Association (BISA) is a learned society that promotes the study of international relations and related subjects through teaching, research, and facilitation of contact between scholars. BISA has an international membership of over 1,500 members, with over 80 countries represented. Chair is  Mark Webber (University of Birmingham). He succeeded Richard Whitman (University of Kent), who served as chair until 2015. The national office is based at the University of Birmingham.

BISA is a member society of the Academy of Social Sciences.

Mark Webber (political scientist)
Mark Alan Webber (born 18 April 1964) is a British political scientist and  international relations specialist whose research interests include the international politics of the former Soviet Union, contemporary Russian foreign policy, foreign policy analysis (FPA), politics of NATO and European Union enlargement, security studies, comparative international organisations. He is a professor of International Politics at the University of Birmingham, where between 2011 and July 2019 he was the Head of the School of Government and Society. He continues to teach and conduct research as a professor at University of Birmingham.
Thomas Towneley O'Hagan, 2nd Baron O'Hagan
Thomas Towneley O'Hagan, 2nd Baron O'Hagan (5 December 1878 – 13 December 1900), was a British peer and soldier.

He was the eldest son of Thomas O'Hagan, the Lord Chancellor of Ireland in Gladstone's first two governments, and of Alice Towneley from Lancashire's prominent Towneley family, from whom he inherited considerable land holdings of some 5,300 acres (21 km2).

He was educated at Sandhurst. He inherited his title at the age of seven, but never took up his seat in the House of Lords before his premature death.

From 1899, he served in South Africa during Boer War as a lieutenant in the 3rd Battalion of Grenadier Guards, but died abruptly of an unknown illness (thought to have been malaria) just over a week after his 22nd birthday. As he died unmarried and without children, the title passed on to his younger brother Maurice.

Towneley family
The Towneley or Townley family are an English family whose ancestry can be traced back to Anglo-Saxon England.  Towneley Hall in Burnley, Lancashire, was the family seat until its sale, together with the surrounding park, to the corporation of Burnley in 1901. Towneley Hall is now a Grade I listed building and a large museum and art gallery within Towneley Park.

Early members of the branch of the family at Towneley Hall served as soldiers, some holding positions such as High Sheriff of Lancashire. However, they generally retained the Catholic faith, meaning that from the mid-16th century they were fined and imprisoned for recusancy and banned from public office until the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829.

Other branches of the family were based at Hurstwood near Towneley, Royle on the opposite side of Burnley, and later Littleton in Surrey, Dutton close to Ribchester, Barnside near Colne, and Carr Hall and Stonedge near Barrowford.
Sieved Pollaczek polynomials
In mathematics, sieved Pollaczek polynomials are a family of sieved orthogonal polynomials, introduced by Ismail (1985).  Their recurrence relations are a modified (or "sieved") version of the recurrence relations for Pollaczek polynomials.

Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials
In mathematics, the Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials are a family of orthogonal polynomials P(λ)n(x,φ) introduced by Meixner (1934), which up to elementary changes of variables are the same as the Pollaczek polynomials Pλn(x,a,b) rediscovered by  Pollaczek (1949) in the case λ=1/2, and later generalized by him.

They are defined by
Van Keulenfjorden
Van Keulenfjorden is a 30 km long fjord on the west coast of Spitsbergen separating Nathorst Land to the north and Wedel Jarlsberg Land to the south. Van Keulenfjorden is separated from Bellsund by Forsbladodden in the north and Richardodden to the south.

Bellsund
Bellsund is a 20-kilometer (12 mi) long sound on the west coast of Spitsbergen, part of the Svalbard archipelago of Norway. It is separated from Van Mijenfjorden by the islands of Akseløya and Mariaholmen. Bellsund is located south of Nordenskiöld Land and north of Wedel Jarlsberg Land.
Jean Asselborn
Jean Asselborn (pronounced [ˈʒɑ̃ː ˈɑsəlboʁn]; born 27 April 1949) is a Luxembourgish former politician who served in the government of Luxembourg as  Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2004 until 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2004 to 2013, under Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker. At the time of his retirement from national politics in 2024, he consistently ranked as the most popular politician in Luxembourg, with a popularity rate of around 80%.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Luxembourg)
The Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Defence, Development Cooperation and Foreign Trade (Luxembourgish: Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes, de la Défense, de la Coopération et du Commerce extérieur, MAE), commonly referred to as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a ministry of the government of Luxembourg, which comprises a general secretariat and eight directorates. The ministry is headquartered in the Bâtiment Mansfeld in Luxembourg City.

The office of Minister of Foreign Affairs is customarily given to a member of the junior party in a coalition, and usually coincides with that of Deputy Prime Minister. For instance, LSAP politicians Jacques Poos and Jean Asselborn served a combined 34 years as Minister of Foreign Affairs in CSV and DP-led governments, 24 of which as Deputy Prime Minister.
Department of Roads (Nepal)
Department of Road (Nepali: सडक विभाग) under Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Transport is the authority to for construction, development and maintenance of roads. It aims to increase the connectivity to all the areas of Nepal. Being a sector of paramount importance, the department accounts for a significant amount of National budget.

Similarly, Department of Local Infrastructure also works under the sector of road and bridge construction and mentinance specially Agricultural roads at a smaller scale.

Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport
Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (Nepali: भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय) is the governmental body of Nepal mainly responsible for domestic transport and rail transport as well as waterways.

As of 9 January 2026, the ministry is headed by Madhav Chaulagain
V1309 Scorpii
V1309 Scorpii (also known as V1309 Sco) is a contact binary that merged into a single star in 2008 in a process known as a luminous red nova. It was the first star to provide conclusive evidence that contact binary systems end their evolution in a stellar merger. Its similarities to V838 Monocerotis and V4332 Sagittarii allowed scientists to identify these stars as merged contact binaries as well.

Luminous red nova
A luminous red nova (abbr. LRN, pl. luminous red novae, pl.abbr. LRNe) is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars. They are characterised by a distinct red colour, and a light curve that fades slowly with resurgent brightness in the infrared. Luminous red novae are not related to standard novae, which are explosions that occur on the surface of white dwarf stars.
Meden Vale
Meden Vale is a small village near to Church Warsop. The village is part of the parish of Warsop. It is also situated close to the small town of Market Warsop, in north Nottinghamshire, England, off the main A60 Mansfield to Worksop road, and lies within Mansfield District Council administrative area.

Mansfield
Mansfield /ˈmænzfiːld/ is a market town and the administrative centre of the Mansfield District in Nottinghamshire, England. It is the largest town in the wider Mansfield Urban Area and the second largest settlement in Nottinghamshire (following the city of Nottingham). Henry III granted Mansfield the Royal Charter of a market town in 1227. The town lies in the Maun Valley, 12 miles (19 km) north of Nottingham. The district had a population of 110,500 at the 2021 census. Mansfield is the one local authority in Nottinghamshire with a publicly elected mayor, the Mayor of Mansfield. Mansfield in ancient times became the pre-eminent in importance amongst the towns of Sherwood Forest.
Vacuum breaker
A vacuum breaker is a device that prevents water from being siphoned backward in a direction it is not desired to go.  They are 
commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, in which application they can prevent hose or drainage water from back-siphoning into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system's pressure drop. A vacuum breaker is also used in steam distribution systems to prevent collapse of steam coils and pipes by letting in air when the pipe pressure becomes sub-atmospheric.

A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes (which let in outside air) and preventing backflow of water.

A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the backflow preventer.

Vacuum relief valves are sometimes known as vacuum breakers.

Backflow prevention device
A backflow prevention device is used to protect potable water supplies from contamination or pollution due to backflow.

In water distribution systems, water is normally maintained at a significant pressure to enable water to flow from the tap, shower, or other fixture. Water pressure may fail or be reduced when a water main bursts, pipes freeze, or there is unexpectedly high demand on the water system (for example, when several fire hydrants are opened). Reduced pressure in the pipe may allow contaminated water from the soil, from storage, or from other sources to be drawn up into the system.
50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
The 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that saw distinguished service in the Second World War. Pre-war, the division was part of the Territorial Army (TA) and the two Ts in the divisional insignia represent the two main rivers of its recruitment area, namely the rivers Tyne, and Tees. The division served in almost all of the major engagements of the European War from 1940 until late 1944 and also served with distinction in North Africa, the Mediterranean and Middle East from mid-1941 to 1943. The 50th Division was one of two British divisions (the other being the 3rd Infantry) to land in Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944, where it landed on Gold Beach. Four men of the division were awarded the Victoria Cross during the war, more than any other division of the British Army during the Second World War.

Hull Rifles
The Hull Rifles, later the 4th Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment, was a unit of Britain's Volunteer Force first raised in Kingston upon Hull in 1859. During the First World War it served on the Western front, seeing a great deal of action at Ypres, the Somme (where it was one of the first infantry units ever to cooperate with tanks), Arras, and in the German spring offensive, when it was virtually destroyed. Its 2nd Line battalion garrisoned Bermuda for much of the war. During the Second World War the 4th Battalion was captured at the Battle of Gazala, but its wartime duplicate unit fought on through the Western Desert, Tunisia and Sicily, and then landed in Normandy on D Day. The battalion served in the postwar Territorial Army until 1960, and its successors in today's Army Reserve continue in Hull.
Cologne phonetics
Cologne phonetics (also Kölner Phonetik, Cologne process) is a phonetic algorithm which assigns to words a sequence of digits, the phonetic code. The aim of this procedure is that identical sounding words have the same code assigned to them. The algorithm can be used to perform a similarity search between words. For example, it is possible in a name list to find entries like "Meier" under different spellings such as "Maier", "Mayer", or "Mayr". The Cologne phonetics is related to the well known Soundex phonetic algorithm but is optimized to match the German language. The algorithm was published in 1969 by Hans Joachim Postel.

Soundex
Soundex is a phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English. The goal is for homophones to be encoded to the same representation so that they can be matched despite minor differences in spelling. The algorithm mainly encodes consonants; a vowel will not be encoded unless it is the first letter. Soundex is the most widely known of all phonetic algorithms (in part because it is a standard feature of popular database software such as IBM Db2, PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, Ingres, MS SQL Server, Oracle, ClickHouse, Snowflake and SAP ASE.) Improvements to Soundex are the basis for many modern phonetic algorithms.
Burston, Norfolk
Burston is a village and former civil parish in Norfolk, England. It is 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) north-east of Diss and 16 miles (26 km) south-west of Norwich. On 1 April 1935, the parish of Shimpling and Burston were merged to form Burston and Shimpling. In 1931 the parish of Burston had a population of 279. This was the last time separate population statistics for Burston were collected in the census.

Burston and Shimpling
Burston and Shimpling is a civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England. The parish covers an area of 9.17 km2 (3.54 sq mi) and had a population of 538 in 206 households at the 2001 census, the population increasing to 568 in 234 households at the 2011 Census. It includes the village of Burston and Shimpling.

The Church of St George, Shimpling, is one of 124 existing round-tower churches in Norfolk. It is in care of the Churches Conservation Trust.