hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PEG 400
PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400) is a low-molecular-weight grade of polyethylene glycol. It is a clear, colorless, viscous liquid.  Due in part to its low toxicity, PEG 400 is widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations.

Polyethylene glycol
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine. PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.

PEG is commonly incorporated into hydrogels which present a functional form for further use.
Peter Laudati
Peter A. Laudati was a sports promoter and a part-owner of the Providence Steam Roller of the National Football League. He was also responsible for the construction of the team's stadium, the Cycledrome. Prior to this, he was a prominent Providence real estate developer.

Providence Steam Roller
The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League (NFL) from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship. The Steam Roller won the league's championship in 1928, which is the latest NFL championship win by a defunct team to date. Most of their home games were played at the Cycledrome, a 10,000-seat stadium that was built as a velodrome for bicycle races.
Zheng (state)
Zheng (/dʒɛŋ/; Chinese: 鄭; Old Chinese: *[d]reng-s) was a vassal state in China during the Zhou dynasty (1046–221 BCE) located in the centre of ancient China in modern-day Henan Province on the North China Plain about 75 miles (121 km) east of the royal capital at Luoyang. It was the most powerful of the vassal states at the beginning of the Eastern Zhou (771–701 BCE), and was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in its late period of 543 BCE. Its ruling house had the ancestral name Ji (姬), making them a branch of the Zhou royal house, who held the rank of Bo (伯), a kinship term meaning "elder".

Duke Huan of Zheng
Duke Huan of Zheng (simplified Chinese: 郑桓公; traditional Chinese: 鄭桓公; pinyin: Zhèng Huán Gōng), personal name Ji You, was the founding duke of the Zheng state, a dynastic vassal state of the Zhou dynasty. According to the Records of the Grand Historian, he was a son of King Li of Zhou.

In 806 BC, he was bestowed the land of Zheng (northwest of modern Hua County, Shaanxi) by King Xuan of Zhou. In 773 BC, the 33rd year of the reign of Duan Huan of Zheng, King You of Zhou accorded him the position of situ (Minister of Land) due to the people's love for him.
Leinefelde-Worbis
Leinefelde-Worbis (German pronunciation: [ˌlaɪnəˈfɛldə ˈvɔʁbɪs]) is a town in the district of Eichsfeld, in northwestern  Thuringia, Germany. The town was formed on  March 16, 2004, from the former independent towns Leinefelde and Worbis along with the municipalities of Breitenbach and Wintzingerode. In July 2018 the former municipality of Hundeshagen, and in January 2019 Kallmerode was merged into Leinefelde-Worbis. The population before the amalgamation was 14,387 for Leinefelde, 5,541 for Worbis, 1,021 for Breitenbach and 614 for Wintzingerode. The 10 parts of Leinefelde-Worbis are Leinefelde, Worbis, Breitenbach, Kirchohmfeld, Birkungen, Beuren, Hundeshagen, Kaltohmfeld, Wintzingrode, Kallmerode and Breitenholz.

Hundeshagen
Hundeshagen (German pronunciation: [hʊndəsˈhaːɡn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany. Since July 2018, it is part of the town Leinefelde-Worbis.
New Addington North (ward)
New Addington North is a ward in the London Borough of Croydon, covering part of the New Addington estate in London in the United Kingdom. The ward currently forms part of the Croydon East constituency.

The ward returns two councillors every four years. On 6 May 2021, 5 by-elections were held in Croydon following the resignation of 5 councillors across New Addington North, South Norwood, Kenley, Park Hill and Whitgift and Woodside.

Kenley (ward)
51°19′37″N 0°06′07″W﻿ / ﻿51.327°N 0.102°W﻿ / 51.327; -0.102

Kenley is a ward covering the Kenley area of the London Borough of Croydon in the United Kingdom. It elects 2 councillors following the boundary changes made official on 3 May 2018. On 6 May 2021, 5 by-elections were held in Croydon following the resignation of 5 councillors across New Addington North, South Norwood, Kenley, Park Hill and Whitgift and Woodside.
Static Rook
Static Rook (居飛車 ibisha) openings is one of two major opening strategies in shogi. In the opening, the major piece of the rook fights from its starting position on the right side of the board (the 2nd file for Black, Sente, and the 8th file for White, Gote). In contrast, the other major opening deploys the rook to the center or left half of the board in the opening, and is known as Ranging Rook or Swinging Rook (振り飛車 furibisha).

Fortress castle
Fortress or Yagura (矢倉囲い or 櫓囲い yaguragakoi) is a castle used in shogi. It is considered by many to be the strongest defensive position in shogi in Double Static Rook games.

The most common form of Fortress is the Gold Fortress. Besides the Gold Fortress, there are many variant forms. And, there are development relations between Fortress and other castles. For instance, the Crab castle can be developed into a Gold Fortress, and the Gold Fortress can be developed into a Fortress Anaguma.

Fortress is also the name of an opening strategy that uses a Fortress castle (see: Fortress opening). When used in the Fortress opening, the bishop, rook, and a pawn all support a later attack by the rook's silver or knight. Variants of the Fortress are also used in other Double Static Rook games (for instance, Bishop Exchange) as well as in Static Rook vs Ranging Rook games and in Double Ranging Rook games.
Texas State Highway 239
State Highway 239 (SH 239) is a Texas state highway that runs from Kenedy southeastward to Austwell.  The route was designated on December 22, 1936, cancelled temporarily on March 31, 1938, and redesignated on November 13, 1939. It was extended twice, once on February 28, 1966, from U.S. Highway 183 to U.S. Highway 77 (Future Interstate 69E) and again on November 25, 1975, it was extended southeast, replacing SH 113.

U.S. Route 77 in Texas
U.S. Route 77 (US 77) is a major highway that is part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from the Veterans International Bridge in Brownsville to Sioux City, Iowa. In Texas, the road runs south-north for 471.3 miles (758.5 km) from the International border with Mexico to the Oklahoma state line north of Gainesville. The highway is being upgraded to a freeway near Corpus Christi to connect to the freeway part of the highway in Raymondville as part of future I-69. A freeway in Robstown is already signed as part of I-69. From Waco to the Oklahoma state line, US 77 overlaps or runs parallel to I-35/I-35E.
Environmental Registry
The Environmental Registry ("the Registry") is an online database where Ontario government ministries publish notices of environmentally significant proposals or decisions, and invite the public to submit their comments. The ministries are obliged under the Environmental Bill of Rights to consider these comments when making their final decisions, and every year the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario reports on how well the various ministries used the Registry, including how well they considered the comments they received.

It is operated by the Ministry of the Environment, and is found at https://ero.ontario.ca/.

Environmental Bill of Rights
The  Environmental Bill of Rights, 1993 (French: Charte des droits environnementaux de 1993, EBR) is a provincial law in Ontario, Canada passed in 1993 to provide a bill of rights to Ontario residents for environmental matters. Significantly, it gives Ontario residents the right to participate in environmental decision-making. From 1993 to 2019 the provincial government's compliance with the EBR was monitored by the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario, a non-partisan officer of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Since the dissolution of the ECO's office in 2019, responsibility for overseeing the EBR has been the responsibility of the Auditor General of Ontario.
Whiteley Village
Whiteley Village, in Hersham, Surrey, England, is a retirement village, much of it designed architecturally by Arts and Crafts movement-influenced architect Reginald Blomfield.  It is owned by the charitable Whiteley Homes Trust and is on land which was once part of Walton Firs and Walton Heath, before the parish of Hersham was created in the 19th century.

Hersham
Hersham is a suburban village in Surrey, within the M25 and the Greater London Built-up Area. It has a mixture of low and high rise housing and has four technology/trading estates. Hersham is contiguous with Walton-on-Thames, its post town, to the north and northwest, and with Esher to the east.

Hersham is served by Hersham and Walton-on-Thames railway stations with a minimum of two trains per hour and differing types of services on the South West Main Line.

Two golf courses are within its bounds, Burhill Golf Club and Hersham Village Golf Club; considerable other land is wooded, used for mixed farming or Esher Rugby Club, much of which is Metropolitan Green Belt.
Henri Heim de Balsac
Henri Heim de Balsac (1 January  1899 – 28 November 1979)  was a French zoologist.

In 1937 Henri Heim de Balsac was awarded the Prix Savigny de l'Académie des sciences. In the following year, 1938, he was awarded the Prix Gadeau de Kerville de la Société zoologique de France and he became a Council Member of the Société zoologique de France in February, 1938. He became a Corresponding Member of the Hungarian Institute for Ornithology and he was also responsible for the foundation of l’Institut chérifien de recherche scientifique (Maroc)fr:Institut scientifique de Rabat.

Henri Heim de Balsac worked on ethology (l’écoéthologie des Campagnols des champs), biological indicators, hydrobiology and the  Chiroptera of France.

He was, from 1929, on the editorial committee  of Alauda, Revue internationale d’ornithologie (on French Wikipedia) with its founder Paul Paris and Louis Lavauden, Noël Mayaud, Jacques de Chavigny, Henri Jouard, Jacques Delamain and  Paul Poty.

Paul Paris
Jean Ferdinand Paul Paris (16 August 1875 – 2 May 1938)  was a French naturalist and zoologist who specialised in ornithology. He was, in 1929, the founder of  Alauda, Revue internationale d'Ornithologie and served as professor of zoology at the University of Burgundy from 1934.
Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series)
Bigg Boss is an Indian Telugu-language television reality show of the Bigg Boss franchise which airs on Star Maa and streams on JioHotstar in India. It follows the format of the Dutch reality show Big Brother, which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands.

Starting in 2017, the show has rolled out nine seasons so far; Jr NTR and Nani hosted Season 1 and Season 2 respectively, while Nagarjuna is hosting the show from Season 3 onwards. Season 2, Season 6 and Season 9 featured general public along with celebrities as housemates.

Bigg Boss (Telugu TV series) season 1
Bigg Boss 1 is the first season of the Telugu-language version of the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss. was premiered on 16 July 2017 on Star Maa. Jr NTR hosted the show. For this season of Bigg Boss, a lavish house set was constructed in Lonavala. Siva Balaji was the winner. The prize money for the winner was Rs. 50 lakhs (5,000,000 or 50,00,000).
Sueichi Kido
Sueichi Kido (木戸 季市; born 1940) is a Japanese professor emeritus and survivor of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki. He has been the secretary general of Nihon Hidankyo (Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations) since 2017.

Nihon Hidankyo
The Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations, often shortened to Nihon Hidankyō (日本被団協, Nihon Hidankyō), is a group that represents survivors (known as hibakusha) of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It was formed in 1956.

Nihon Hidankyō lobbies both the Japanese government for improved support of the victims and governments worldwide for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Their activities included recording thousands of witness accounts, issuing resolutions and public appeals, and sending annual delegations to various international organisations, including the United Nations, to advocate for global nuclear disarmament.

The organisation was awarded the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize "for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again".
Borodino-class battleship
The Borodino-class battleships were a group of five pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy around the end of the 19th century. Their design was based on that of the French-built Tsesarevich modified to use Russian equipment. The first four ships were finished after the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and were among the ships ordered to sail from the Baltic Sea to the Far East to relieve the Pacific Squadron besieged by the Japanese in Port Arthur. Three of these ships were sunk and one was captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy at the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. The fifth and final ship, Slava, was not completed in time to participate in the war and served with the Baltic Fleet through World War I.

Antony Preston
Antony Martin Douglas Leslie William Calhoun Preston (26 February 1938 – 25 December 2004) was an English naval historian and editor, specialising in the area of 19th and 20th-century naval history and warship design.
Waves (festival)
Waves is an annual cultural festival held at BITS, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, India. The festival focuses on music, dance, and art, and typically takes place over three days in late October or early November. Established in 2006, the festival includes events related to dance, drama, literature, comedy, fashion, and music.

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Goa Campus
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Goa Campus is one of the five constituent campuses of the BITS Pilani located in Goa, India. It was established in the year 2004.

In April 2011, following the August 2008 death of the Chancellor, Krishna Kumar Birla, the campus was renamed as Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus in his memory. In August 2011, the campus held its first ever convocation ceremony, during which 580 graduates were awarded their degrees.
752 Naval Air Squadron
752 Naval Air Squadron (752 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). Formed in May 1939, at RNAS Ford (HMS Peregrine) as an Observer Training Squadron, it was active through to 1945 as part of No. 1 Observer School. Ford was attacked in August 1940 and the squadron moved to RNAS Lee-on-Solent (HMS Daedalus) for a one month stay. From November 1940, through to disbandment in October 1945, it operated at RNAS Piarco (HMS Goshawk), Trinidad.

HM Prison Ford
HM Prison Ford (informally known as Ford Open Prison) is a Category D men's prison, located at Ford, in West Sussex, England, near Arundel and Littlehampton. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.
Hotham River
The Hotham River is one of the major tributaries of the Murray River in Western Australia.  It is about 160 kilometres (99 mi) long with its upper reaches being the Hotham River North, which begins in the Dutarning Range and joins the Hotham at its crossing of the Great Southern Highway near Popanyinning.  A 15 km (9.3 mi) long southern tributary, Hotham River South, begins near Cuballing and flows generally northerly before joining the Hotham near Yornaning.

From Narrogin, the merged river flows in a northerly direction through the Cuballing district and Dryandra Woodland before heading west through Wandering and Boddington.

The river joins the Williams River near Mount Saddleback.

Williams River (Western Australia)
The Williams River is one of the two major tributaries of the Murray River in Western Australia, the other being the Hotham River.

It starts between Williams and Narrogin and flows in a general westerly direction before it joins the Hotham River to become the Murray River near Mount Saddleback.

The river has 12 tributaries including Coolakin Gully, Warrening Gully, Junction Brook, Coalling Brook, Jim Went Creek and Fitts Creek.
South African type JV tender
The South African type JV tender was a steam locomotive tender.

A single experimental Type JV tender entered service in 1936 as a prototype test-model of the Type FT tender to the sole Class 21 2-10-4 steam locomotive, which was being designed in that year.

South African type FT tender
The South African type FT tender was a steam locomotive tender.

A single Type FT tender entered service in 1937, as tender to the sole Class 21 2-10-4 steam locomotive which was placed in service by the South African Railways in that year.
AW*-algebra
In mathematics, an AW*-algebra is an algebraic generalization of a W*-algebra. They were introduced by Irving Kaplansky in 1951. As operator algebras, von Neumann algebras, among all C*-algebras, are typically handled using one of two means: they are the dual space of some Banach space, and they are determined to a large extent by their projections. The idea behind AW*-algebras is to forget the former, topological, condition, and use only the latter, algebraic, condition.

Operator algebra
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, an operator algebra is an algebra of continuous linear operators on a topological vector space, with the multiplication given by the composition of mappings.

The results obtained in the study of operator algebras are often phrased in algebraic terms, while the techniques used are often highly analytic.  Although the study of operator algebras is usually classified as a branch of functional analysis, it has direct applications to representation theory, differential geometry, quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information, and quantum field theory.
Aowanda Suspension Bridge
The Aowanda Suspension Bridge (traditional Chinese: 奧萬大吊橋; simplified Chinese: 奥万大吊桥; pinyin: Àowàndà Diàoqiáo) is a suspension bridge in Aowanda National Forest Recreation Area, Ren'ai Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.

Aowanda National Forest Recreation Area
Aowanda National Forest Recreation Area (traditional Chinese: 奧萬大國家森林遊樂區; simplified Chinese: 奥万大国家森林游乐区; pinyin: Àowàndà Guójiā Sēnlín Yóulè Qū) is a forest located in Ren'ai Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.
53rd Army (Soviet Union)
The 53rd Army (Russian: 53-я армия) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army which was formed in August 1941, disbanded in December 1941, and reformed in May 1942.  It fought throughout World War II before again being disbanded after the war in October 1945. The army was first formed for the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran and was disbanded there in December 1941. The army reformed in May 1942. It fought in the Demyansk Pocket, the Battle of Kursk, the Battle of Belgorod, the Battle of the Dnieper, the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket, the Uman–Botoșani Offensive, the Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, the Battle of Debrecen, the Budapest Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. At the end of the war in Europe it was moved to the Far East and fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. The army was disbanded in October 1945.

4th Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)
The 4th Cavalry Corps was a cavalry corps of the Soviet Red Army, formed three times.

The corps first existed between 1928 and 1938 in the North Caucasus as a territorial unit, and was a Cossack unit for the last two years of its existence. Reformed in June 1938, the corps fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939 and converted into a mechanized corps in the summer of 1940. Reformed in Central Asia in January 1941, the corps served in the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in August of that year, returning to Central Asia in the fall of 1941 to receive three new cavalry divisions. It remained there until September 1942, when it departed for the Stalingrad Front. During Operation Uranus, the Soviet counteroffensive in the Battle of Stalingrad, the 4th Cavalry Corps was intended to act as an exploitation force, but due to being understrength it was surrounded and suffered heavy losses in November and December. Its remnants did not disband until May and June 1943.
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company
Liebig's Extract of Meat Company, established in the United Kingdom, was the producer of LEMCO brand Liebig's Extract of Meat and the originator of Oxo meat extracts and Oxo beef stock cubes. It was named after Justus Freiherr von Liebig, the  19th-century German organic chemist who developed and promoted a method for industrial production of beef extract.

Meat extract
Meat extract is highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from beef or chicken. It is used to add meat flavor in cooking, and to make broth for soups and other liquid-based foods.

Meat extract was invented by Baron Justus von Liebig, a German 19th-century organic chemist. Liebig specialised in chemistry and the classification of food and wrote a paper on how the nutritional value of a meat is lost by boiling. Liebig's view was that meat juices, as well as the fibres, contained much important nutritional value and that these were lost by boiling or cooking in unenclosed vessels. Fuelled by a desire to help feed the undernourished, in 1840 he developed a concentrated beef extract, Extractum carnis Liebig, to provide a nutritious meat substitute for those unable to afford the real thing. However, it took 30 kg of meat to produce 1 kg of extract, making the extract too expensive.
562 Salome
562 Salome is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 3 April 1905 from Heidelberg. It is named after Salome, the daughter of Herodias who is referenced in the New Testament.

This is a member of the dynamic Eos family of asteroids that most likely formed as the result of a collisional breakup of a parent body.

Eos family
The Eos family (adj. Eoan /iːˈoʊən/; FIN: 606) is a very large asteroid family located in the outer region of the asteroid belt. This family of K-type asteroids is believed to have formed as a result of an ancient catastrophic collision. The family's parent body is the asteroid 221 Eos.
John J. Knox
John J. Knox was a major in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War and a leading figure in the Freedmen's Bureau. Knox Institute was named for him. Monroe Morton attended the Knox Institute and became a messenger for Major Knox.

Johnston was seriously injured during the Civil War and suffered from severe dysentery afterwards.

The University of Georgia library has a collection of papers relating to Knox and the Freedmen's Bureau's activities.

"I do not like to be forced to leave any part of the American Continent for political opinion honestly and such conscientiously entertained. A friend of liberty I have lived and such will I die," Major Knox wrote.

Knox Institute
Knox Institute and Industrial School was a private elementary and secondary school for African American students in Athens, Georgia, United States. It was open from 1868 until 1928. Alumni include Monroe Morton, a builder and real estate businessman whose legacy includes the Morton Building in Athens, and Charles W. Chappelle. The school was named for Major John J. Knox of the Freedmen's Bureau. The federal agency helped fund the school. Athens' first African American Postmaster, Madison Davis, was one of those who helped purchase property for the school.