hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Parasol cell
A parasol cell, sometimes called an M cell or M ganglion cell, is one type of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina. These cells project to magnocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) as part of the magnocellular pathway in the visual system. They have large cell bodies as well as extensive branching dendrite networks and as such have large receptive fields. Relative to other RGCs, they have fast conduction velocities. While they do show clear center-surround antagonism (known as spatial opponency), they receive no information about color (absence of chromatic opponency). Parasol ganglion cells contribute information about the motion and depth of objects to the visual system.

Two-streams hypothesis
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in a paper by David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale in 1992, argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. Recently there seems to be evidence of two distinct auditory systems as well. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, and as sound leaves the phonological network, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The ventral stream (also known as the "what pathway") leads to the temporal lobe, which is involved with object and visual identification and recognition. The dorsal stream (or, "where pathway") leads to the parietal lobe, which is involved with processing the object's spatial location relative to the viewer and with speech repetition.
Shaun Gallagher
Shaun Gallagher (born 1948) is an American philosopher known for his work on embodied cognition, social cognition, agency and the philosophy of psychopathology.

Since 2011, he has held the Lillian and Morrie Moss Chair of Excellence in Philosophy at the University of Memphis and was awarded the Anneliese Maier Research Award by the Humboldt Foundation (2012–2018). Since 2014, he has been Professorial Fellow at the University of Wollongong in Australia. He has held visiting positions at: Sapienza University of Rome, Roma Tre University, Keble College, Oxford; Humboldt University, Berlin; Ruhr Universität, Bochum; Husserl Archives, ENS (Paris); École Normale Supérieure, Lyon; University of Copenhagen; and the Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University. He is also known for his philosophical discussion on the effects of solitary confinement.

American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can nevertheless be seen as both reflecting and shaping collective American identity over the history of the nation". The philosophy of the Founding Fathers of the United States is largely seen as an extension of the European Enlightenment. A small number of philosophies are known as American in origin, namely pragmatism and transcendentalism, with their most prominent proponents being the philosophers William James and Ralph Waldo Emerson respectively.
Edward Tuckerman Potter
Edward Tuckerman Potter (September 25, 1831 – December 21, 1904) was an American architect best known for designing the 1871 Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut.  With his half-brother William Appleton Potter, he also designed Nott Memorial Hall (1858–79) at his alma mater, Union College, Schenectady, New York.  Both the Mark Twain House and Nott Memorial Hall are National Historic Landmarks.

Church of the Good Shepherd and Parish House
The Church of the Good Shepherd and Parish House is an Episcopal church at 155 Wyllys Street in Hartford, Connecticut.  It was commissioned by Elizabeth Jarvis Colt, the widow of Samuel Colt, and completed in 1867.  The church and its associated parish house were designed by Edward Tuckerman Potter, and serve as a memorial to Samuel Colt and members of his family.  The church and parish house were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, and became a contributing property to the Coltsville Historic District in 2008.

The church reported 212 members in 2016 and 72 members in 2023; no membership statistics were reported in 2024 parochial reports. Plate and pledge income for the congregation in 2024 was $30,325 with average Sunday attendance (ASA) of 20.
Amydrium
Amydrium is a genus of primarily epiphytic, climbing plants in the arum and aroid family Araceae, that is native to Southeast Asia, South China and New Guinea.

Amydrium is distinguished from other members of the tribe Monstereae by having two ovules in each ovary. The seeds tend to be heart shaped. Similar to other aroid genera, the leaves of Amydrium often have perforated leaves.

Amydrium hainanense (H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng) H.Li - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan and Vietnam.

Amydrium humile Schott - Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra.

Amydrium medium (Zoll. & Moritzi) Nicolson - Borneo, Java, Maluku, Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand.

Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H.Li - Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam.

Amydrium zippelianum (Schott) Nicolson - Maluku, New Guinea, Philippines and Sulawesi.

Monsteroideae
Monsteroideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the family Araceae.

This subfamily is notable for having many trichosclereids in the vegetative and floral parts of the plants, but rarely in the roots.
École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées
The École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées (English: EPITA School of Engineering and Computer Science), more commonly known as EPITA, is a private French grande école specialized in the field of computer science and software engineering created in 1984 by Patrice Dumoucel. It is a private engineering school, member of IONIS Education Group since 1994, accredited by the Commission des titres d'ingénieur (CTI) to deliver the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur, and based at Le Kremlin-Bicêtre south of Paris.

In June 2013, EPITA becomes member of the Union of Independent Grandes Écoles, which includes 30 grandes écoles.

The school is part of IONIS Education Group.

Union of Independent Grandes Écoles
The Union of Independent Grandes Écoles (French: Union des grandes écoles indépendantes, UGEI) is an association of French private grandes écoles formed in 1993.

Its goal, according to its founders, is to bring together engineering grandes écoles and business schools which share the same desire for independence. As of 2022, it had 38 members.
Forrest Place
Forrest Place is a pedestrianised square located within the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. The street was created in 1923, and has a history of being a focal point for significant political meetings and demonstrations.

Wellington Street, Perth
Wellington Street is the northernmost of the four primary east-west streets in the central business district of Perth, Western Australia. It is 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) long, stretching from Plain Street in East Perth to Thomas Street in West Perth.
Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad
Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Co., Ltd. (高松琴平電気鉄道株式会社, Takamatsu-Kotohira Denki Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), officially Kotoden (ことでん) for short, is a transportation company in Kagawa Prefecture, on the island of Shikoku, Japan. With headquarters in Takamatsu, the company operates three passenger railway lines, as well as bus subsidiaries. It was established on 1 November 1943. In 2021, it reported sales of ¥2,881,000,000 with a capitalization of ¥250,000,000.

Kotoden Kotohira Line
The Kotoden Kotohira line (琴電琴平線, Kotoden Kotohira-sen) is a Japanese railway line in Kagawa Prefecture, which connects Takamatsu-Chikkō Station in Takamatsu with Kotoden-Kotohira Station in Kotohira. It is owned and operated by the Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad. The line color is yellow.
Perkinston, Mississippi
Perkinston is an unincorporated community in central Stone County, Mississippi, United States. It is situated along U.S. Highway 49, approximately five miles south of Wiggins. The community is part of the Gulfport–Biloxi, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Gulfport–Biloxi metropolitan area
The Gulfport–Biloxi Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the Mississippi Gulf Coast region that includes four counties – Hancock, Harrison, Jackson and Stone. The principal cities are Gulfport and Biloxi. The 2010 census placed the Gulfport-Biloxi MSA population at 388,488, though as of 2019, it was estimated to have increased to 417,665.  The area was significantly impacted by Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005, and prior to the hurricane, had experienced steady to moderate population growth. However, growth has since rebounded, with the population steadily increasing every year throughout the 2010s.
Access Database Engine
The Access Database Engine (also Office Access Connectivity Engine or ACE and formerly Microsoft Jet Database Engine, Microsoft JET Engine or simply Jet) is a database engine on which several Microsoft products have been built. The first version of Jet was developed in 1992, consisting of three modules which could be used to manipulate a database.

JET stands for Joint Engine Technology. Microsoft Access and Visual Basic use or have used Jet as their underlying database engine. However, it has been superseded for general use, first by Microsoft Desktop Engine (MSDE), then later by SQL Server Express. For larger database needs, Jet databases can be upgraded (or, in Microsoft parlance, "up-sized") to Microsoft's flagship SQL Server database product.

MSDE
Microsoft SQL Server Data Engine (MSDE, also Microsoft Data Engine or Microsoft Desktop Engine) is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It is a scaled-down version of Microsoft SQL Server 7.0 or 2000 which is free for non-commercial use as well as certain limited commercial use. It was introduced at Microsoft TechEd in May 1999, and was included as part of Microsoft Office 2000 Developer Edition. Its successor, SQL Server Express was released in November 2005. Vendor support of MSDE ended on April 8, 2008.
Hyde Park Corner
51°30′10″N 0°9′4.5″W﻿ / ﻿51.50278°N 0.151250°W﻿ / 51.50278; -0.151250

Hyde Park Corner is between Knightsbridge, Belgravia and Mayfair in London, England. It primarily refers to a major road junction at the southeastern corner of Hyde Park, that was originally planned by architect Decimus Burton. The junction includes a broad green-space roundabout in its centre, which is now the setting for Burton's triumphal Wellington Arch.

Six streets converge at the junction: Park Lane (from the north), Piccadilly (northeast), Constitution Hill (southeast), Grosvenor Place (south), Grosvenor Crescent (southwest) and Knightsbridge (west). Hyde Park Corner tube station served by the Piccadilly line has many accessways around the junction as do its notable monuments. Immediately to the north of the junction is Burton's Ionic Screen gateway entrance to Hyde Park, and Apsley House museum, the 18th century townhouse of the 1st Duke of Wellington, general at Waterloo.

Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Hyde Park Corner
An equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, stands on the north side of Hyde Park Corner, London. The open space in which it stands, now the centre of a large roundabout, was once called Wellington Place.
SN 2007sr
SN 2007sr was a Type Ia supernova event that happened in the galaxy NGC 4038. It was announced on December 18, 2007, but was visible on images beginning December 7. It peaked at magnitude 12.7 on December 14.

Antennae Galaxies
The Antennae Galaxies (also known as NGC 4038/NGC 4039 or Caldwell 60/Caldwell 61) are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus. They are currently going through a starburst phase, in which the collision of clouds of gas and dust, with entangled magnetic fields, causes rapid star formation. They were discovered by William Herschel in 1785.
Iterator
In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order.

A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards.

An iterator is often implemented in terms of the structure underlying a collection implementation and is often tightly coupled to the collection to enable the operational semantics of the iterator.

An iterator is behaviorally similar to a database cursor.

Iterators date to the CLU programming language in 1974.

Loop (statement)
In computer programming, a loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly, usually with minor alterations between repetitions. Loops can be used to perform a repeated action on all items in a collection, or to implement a long lived program.
Roberts and Barrand
Roberts and Barrand was a musical group formed in 1969 by John Roberts and Tony Barrand while they were graduate students in psychology at Cornell University.  Much of their repertoire is traditional English music (including many prominent recordings of sea shanties), although they have also recorded other English-language and contemporary folk songs.

The duo also performed as members of the four-man act Nowell Sing We Clear.

Tony Barrand died on 29 January 2022, at the age of 76. John Roberts died on 3 February 2025, at the age of 80.

Nowell Sing We Clear
Nowell Sing We Clear is a previously four-member musical group that performs an annual yuletide concert series. They have also released a series of related albums and a songbook of their repertoire.

The concerts consist of yuletide stories and music, and often include a Mummers Play.
Dan Cox
Daniel Lewis Cox (born August 9, 1974) is an American politician and lawyer. He was a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing the fourth district from 2019 to 2023.

Cox was the unsuccessful Republican nominee in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election. In 2024, Cox unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in Maryland's 6th congressional district, losing to former state delegate Neil Parrott in the Republican primary election. Cox is a candidate for governor in the 2026 Maryland gubernatorial election.

Cox is characterized as a far-right politician. An election denier, he has continuously espoused the disproven theory that the 2020 U.S. presidential election was fraudulent.

Frederick County, Maryland
Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717. The county seat is Frederick. The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s. It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.
SCMaglev and Railway Park
The SCMaglev and Railway Park (リニア・鉄道館　～夢と想い出のミュージアム～, Rinia Tetsudōkan: Yume to Omoide no Myūjiamu, lit. 'Linear Railway Museum: Museum of Dreams and Memories') is a railway museum owned by the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) in Nagoya, Japan. The museum opened on 14 March 2011.

The museum features 39 full-size railway vehicles and one bus exhibit, train cab simulators, and model railway dioramas.

300 Series Shinkansen
The 300 series (300系, San-byaku-kei) was a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen train type, with a top operational speed of 270 km/h (170 mph), which operated on the Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen lines in Japan between 1992 and 2012. When first introduced, they were used on the fastest Nozomi services, being capable of 270 km/h (170 mph). As more were delivered (66 trains by 1998) they replaced earlier units on Hikari service and allowed the thus displaced 100 series units to finally in turn displace 0 series units on almost all services.

With the introduction of newer 700 series and N700 series equipment, the 300 series sets were gradually demoted to slower Hikari and  Kodama services, and were completely withdrawn from Tokaido and Sanyo Shinkansen services by the start of the revised timetable on 17 March 2012.
State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety
The State Supervisory Commission for Flight Safety (Russian: Государственная комиссия по надзору за безопасностью полётов воздушных судов при правительстве СССР, Gosavianadzor, Госавианадзор СССР) was an agency of the government of the Soviet Union, under the Council of Ministers. The agency investigated aviation accidents and incidents. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the former Soviet republics that joined the Commonwealth of Independent States formed the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC or MAK), the successor to the Gosavianadzor.

Interstate Aviation Committee
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC; Russian: Межгосударственный авиационный комитет, МАК) is an executive body of the  Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and was formed in 1991 according to the Civil Aviation and Airspace Use Multilateral Agreement, signed on 25 December 1991.
7th Lok Sabha
The 7th Lok Sabha, (18 January 1980 – 31 December 1984) was elected in 1980 Indian general election. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 7th Lok Sabha after the 1980 Indian general election. Indira Gandhi became the Prime minister on 14 January 1980, after INC and alliances won 353 seats, 199 seats more than previous 6th Lok Sabha. Rajiv Gandhi became Prime minister on 31 October 1984 after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. The next 8th Lok Sabha was formed on 31 December 1984 after the 1984 Indian general election. With roughly 9.3% of total MPs being Muslims, the 7th Lok Sabha had more Muslim MPs than any other in Indian history.

6th Lok Sabha
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The 6th Lok Sabha, which ran from 23 March 1977 to 22 August 1979 was elected in February and March 1977. 11 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 6th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.

Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister on 24 March 1977 after Janata alliance won 295 seats, 242 more than the previous 5th Lok Sabha.

Charan Singh became the Prime Minister on 28 July 1979 with the support of Indira Gandhi (Congress (I)); but resigned on 20 August 1979 since he was not ready to remove charges against Indira Gandhi and her family from the Emergency days and advised the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.  The Sixth Lok Sabha was dissolved on 22 August 1979 by the President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy and Charan Singh remained as the caretaker Prime Minister till 14 January 1980, the formation of the next 7th Lok Sabha following the 1980 Indian general election.
Gwalior gharana
The Gwalior Gharana (Gwalior School of Classical Music) is the oldest and most influential Khyal Gharana in Indian Classical Music worldwide. The Gwalior Gharana is known as the "Gangotri" (origin) of Khyal raga and is considered the most ancient school of Hindustani classical music. Other gharanas follow the lineage of the Gwalior Gharana.

The rise of the Gwalior Gharana started in the 16th century with the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (1542–1605).

The famous singers of this patron of the arts were Tansen and Baiju Bawra. Miyan Tansen, who was the most famous vocalist at the court of Akbar, came from the historic city of Gwalior.

Balwantrai Bhatt
Pandit Balwant Rai Bhatt (23 September 1921 – 2 May 2016) was a noted Indian composer and musician of Hindustani Vocal Music.  He was also known as Bhavrang (भावरंग). He died at his home in Varanasi on 2 May 2016.
General Vanier Intermediate School
General Vanier Secondary School (GVIS) was a public intermediate school located in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada.  Due to a decline in student enrollment, the school was closed in the fall of 2011 and its students transferred to Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School (CCVS).  The Catholic high school St. Joseph's Secondary School (SJSS) is attached and continues to share the school grounds.

Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School
Cornwall Collegiate and Vocational School (CCVS) is a high school located in Cornwall, Ontario. Upper Canada District School Board operates the school. Additionally, Ahkwesahsne Mohawk Board of Education (AMBE), which operates schools on the Canadian portion of Akwesasne, has a tuition agreement to send high school students to this school.

It was built in 1806 and is one of the oldest schools in Canada.  The school's bicentennial in 2006 attracted more than  1500 former students to celebrate the school.
BCF Arena
BCF Arena (formerly Patinoire Saint-Léonard) is an indoor sporting arena in Fribourg, Switzerland. Built in 1983 and then completely rebuilt from 2018 to 2020, the capacity of the arena is 9,262 spectators. It is the home arena of ice hockey team HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League.

Major renovations began in the summer of 2018 to increase the arena's capacity from 6,500 to 8,934 and were completed two years later in the summer of 2020. The completely renovated arena features 6,434 seats and a standing capacity of 2,500. There are also 6 restaurants and 12 concessions stands, 336 seats in various suites and 76 Dine & View seats.

Fribourg
Fribourg or Freiburg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.
Destroyer squadron
A destroyer squadron is a naval squadron or flotilla usually consisting of destroyers rather than other types of vessel. In some navies other vessels, such as frigates, may be included. In English the word "squadron" tends to be used for larger and "flotilla" for smaller vessels; both may be used for destroyer units. Similar formations are used in non-English-speaking countries, e.g., the "escadrille"—which would translate directly as "squadron"—in France.

Carrier Strike Group 11
Carrier Strike Group 11 (CSG-11 or CARSTRKGRU 11) is a U.S. Navy carrier strike group. The aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN-68) is the strike group's current flagship. Other units currently assigned to the group include the cruisers USS Lake Erie (CG-70) and USS Princeton (CG-59), and Destroyer Squadron 9.

Between 2006 and 2013, the group made four deployments to the U.S. Fifth Fleet operating in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea, as well as a surge deployment with the U.S. Seventh Fleet in the western Pacific Ocean. The group participated in bilateral exercises Malabar 2005 and Malabar 2005, Key Resolve/Foal Eagle 2008, as well as joint exercise Valiant Shield 2007.