hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
PLaSM
PLaSM (Programming Language of Solid Modeling) is an open source scripting language for solid modeling, a discipline that constitutes the foundation of computer-aided design and CAD systems. In contrast to other CAD programs, PLaSM emphasizes scripting rather than interactive GUI work. Users can create arbitrarily complex designs using a wide range of simple 2D and 3D objects, advanced curves and curved surfaces, Boolean operations, and elementary as well as advanced geometric transformations.

The scripting approach is very different from working with an interactive graphical user interface (GUI). Although it means less user comfort, it offers some advantages as scripts reveal all details of the design procedure (not only the final design) and students are exposed to elementary computer programming.

Constructive solid geometry
Constructive solid geometry (CSG; formerly called computational binary solid geometry) is a technique used in solid modeling. Constructive solid geometry allows a modeler to create a complex surface or object by using Boolean operators to combine simpler objects, potentially generating visually complex objects by combining a few primitive ones.

In 3D computer graphics and CAD, CSG is often used in procedural modeling. CSG can also be performed on polygonal meshes, and may or may not be procedural and/or parametric.

CSG can be contrasted with polygon mesh modeling, boundary representation,  and box modeling.
Danish Town Planning Institute
The Danish Town Planning Institute (Danish: Dansk Byplanlaboratorium) is an independent, self-owned institution based in Copenhagen, Denmark. It arranges the annual Danish Town Planning Conference and has instituted the Danish Urban Planning Award in collaboration with the Architects' Association of Denmark. The institute also arranges courses, conferences and study trips, consults Danish municipalities and publishes two magazines as well as books. Most of the operational costs are financed through income-generating activities. The rest is covered through grants from the authorities, institutions and private companies.

Danish Urban Planning Award
The Danish Urban Planning Award (Danish: Byplanprisen) is awarded annually to a Danish municipality by the Danish Town Planning Institute and the Architects' Association of Denmark. The ceremony takes place at the annual Danish Urban Planning Conference.
Dorsett Wanchai Hong Kong Hotel
Dorsett Wanchai Hong Kong Hotel (formerly Cosmopolitan Hotel Hong Kong) is a 454-room 4.5-star hotel located on 387–397 Queen's Road East, midway between Wan Chai and Causeway Bay while opposite of Happy Valley Racecourse in Hong Kong Island. The hotel has been recently awarded the TripAdvisor's Travellers’ Choice 2020. It is also a 2019 EarthCheck Silver Certified green hotel with 100% smoke-free guest floors.

The Dorsett Wanchai Hotel is one of the participating hotels of the membership program Dorsett-Your Rewards, which belongs to Dorsett Hospitality International.

Dorsett Hospitality International
Dorsett Hospitality International, formerly known as Kosmopolito Hotels International (formerly traded as SEHK: 2266), is an international hotel and hospitality organization. Established in 2007, the company is a subsidiary of Far East Consortium International Limited. The company develops, owns and manages hotels across several countries with a specific focus in the Asia-Pacific region. Previously listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in October 2010, Dorsett Hospitality International was privatised by its parent company Far East Consortium Limited in 2015.
John Seigenthaler
John Lawrence Seigenthaler (/ˈsiːɡənθɔːlər/ SEE-gən-thaw-lər; July 27, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as a prominent defender of First Amendment rights.

Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper The Tennessean in 1949, resigning in 1960 to act as Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. He rejoined The Tennessean as editor in 1962, publisher in 1973, and chairman in 1982 before retiring as chairman emeritus in 1991. Seigenthaler was also the founding editorial director of USA Today from 1982 to 1991. During this period, he served on the board of directors for the American Society of Newspaper Editors, and from 1988 to 1989, was its president.

John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge
The John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge (previously called the Shelby Street Bridge or Shelby Avenue Bridge) is a truss bridge that spans the Cumberland River in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. The bridge spans 3,150 feet (960 m) and is one of the longest pedestrian bridges in the world.
Kett's Oak
Kett's Oak is one of the 50 Great British Trees. The ancient oak tree (Quercus robur) is located at the side of the B1172 road between Wymondham and Hethersett in Norfolk, England.

The tree is the traditional location where in 1549 Robert Kett and his brother William addressed a group of men in what was to become Kett's Rebellion. Their grievances concerned the enclosing of the common lands and the rising cost of living. The rebellion failed and several rebels including Robert and William Kett were hanged.

The tree is in poor condition. A split has been filled with cement and the tree is bound with iron bands. In August 2020, Norfolk County Council applied biochar to the roots to improve its health.

Hethersett
Hethersett is a large village and electoral ward in the county of Norfolk, England, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Norwich. It covers an area of 4.22 sq mi (10.9 km2) and had a population of 5,441 in 2,321 households at the 2001 census, increasing to 5,691 at the 2011 census. In 2013 Hethersett became the first village or town in the United Kingdom to receive a Prime Minister's Big Society Award for its outstanding contribution to the Olympic legacy and sport and fitness in general.
Murfreesboro City Schools
Murfreesboro City Schools (MCS) is a school district headquartered in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee.

The district only operates elementary schools; Rutherford County Schools operates middle and high schools serving Murfreesboro. MCS also operates an Extended School Program (ESP) throughout the year from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm.

Murfreesboro, Tennessee
Murfreesboro is a city in Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States, and its county seat. The population was 152,769 at the 2020 census (estimated at 173,625 in 2025). Located 34 miles (55 km) southeast of downtown Nashville, it is part of the Nashville metropolitan area in Middle Tennessee.

Settled in 1811, Murfreesboro was the state capital of Tennessee from 1818 to 1826. Today, it is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth-most populous city in the state. The city is both the center of population and the geographic center of Tennessee. Since the 1990s, Murfreesboro has been Tennessee's fastest-growing major city and one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. Murfreesboro is home to Middle Tennessee State University, one of the largest undergraduate universities in the state.
Category of groups
In mathematics, the category  (or ) has the class of all groups for objects and group homomorphisms for morphisms. As such, it is a concrete category. Group theory may be thought of as the study of this category.

Group homomorphism
In mathematics, given two groups, (G,∗) and (H, ·), a group homomorphism from (G,∗) to (H, ·) is a function h : G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that

where the group operation on the left side of the equation is that of G and on the right side that of H.

From this property, one can deduce that h maps the identity element eG of G to the identity element eH of H,

and it also maps inverses to inverses in the sense that

Hence one can say that h "is compatible with the group structure".

In areas of mathematics where one considers groups endowed with additional structure, a homomorphism sometimes means a map that respects not only the group structure (as above) but also the extra structure. For example, a homomorphism of topological groups is often required to be continuous.
KDSR
KDSR (101.1 FM, "101.1 Jack FM") is a Class C1 radio station licensed to serve Williston, North Dakota.  The station is owned by Andrew Sturlaugson, and licensed to P&A Media LLC. It airs an adult hits music format. The station studios are on E Broadway in Williston.

Williston, North Dakota
Williston is a city in and the county seat of Williams County, North Dakota, United States. The 2020 census gave its population as 29,160, making Williston the sixth-most populous city in North Dakota. The city's population nearly doubled between 2010 and 2020, due largely to the North Dakota oil boom.

Williston's newspaper is the weekly Williston Herald. Williston is the home of Williston State College and the Miss North Dakota Scholarship Pageant.
Chinle Municipal Airport
Chinle Municipal Airport (FAA LID: E91), also referred to as Chinle Airport, is a public-use airport located 4 miles (3.5 nmi; 6.4 km) southwest of the central business district of Chinle, in Apache County, Arizona, United States. It is owned by the Navajo Nation.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 131 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2005 and 2,059 enplanements (all unscheduled) in 2006.  According to the FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2007–2011, Chinle is a general aviation airport (the commercial service category requires at least 2,500 passenger boardings per year).

This is one of six airports owned by the Navajo Nation; the other five being Kayenta Airport (0V7), Tuba City Airport (T03) and Window Rock Airport (RQE) in Arizona, plus Crownpoint Airport (0E8) and Shiprock Airport (5V5) in New Mexico.

Tuba City Airport
Tuba City Airport (IATA: TBC, FAA LID: T03) is a public-use airport located 6 miles (5.2 nmi; 9.7 km) west of the central business district of Tuba City, in Coconino County, Arizona, United States. It is owned by the Navajo Nation.

This is one of six airports owned by the Navajo Nation; the other five being Chinle Airport (E91), Kayenta Airport (0V7) and Window Rock Airport (RQE) in Arizona, plus Crownpoint Airport (0E8) and Shiprock Airport (5V5) in New Mexico.
Sink works
Sink works or sinkworks (from German Sinkwerke) is a method of salt mining from salt deposits in mountainous areas. It is similar to brine wells in that salt was extracted by dissolving it in water. Both approaches simulate natural brine springs. It is one of the earliest methods of salt extraction from salt domes.

A sinkwerk is a chamber in a salt mine filled with water to dissolve salt. The resulting brine is then pumped via brine pipelines to saltworks.

This approach is commonly used  when salt deposits are heavily contaminated (or, alternatively, when salt content in the deposit is low), so that mining of rock salt is not feasible. This method  is common in most salt mines in Alps, where the saltrock-mudrock-tectonite known as Haselgebirge is widespread, with average halite content of 30-65%.

In industrial cases, a complex structure of underground chambers interconnected by tunnels is created.

Brine pipeline
A brine pipeline is a pipeline used to transport brine. It is a common way to transport salt from salt mines, salt wells and sinkworks to locations of salt evaporation (such as salterns, salt pans). Brine pipelines are also used in the oil and gas industries, and for removing salts and contaminants from water supplies.
Compound of twenty octahedra
The compound of twenty octahedra is a uniform polyhedron compound. It's composed of a symmetric arrangement of 20 octahedra (considered as triangular antiprisms). It is a special case of the compound of 20 octahedra with rotational freedom, in which pairs of octahedral vertices coincide.

Compound of twenty octahedra with rotational freedom
The compound of twenty octahedra with rotational freedom is a uniform polyhedron compound. It's composed of a symmetric arrangement of 20 octahedra, considered as triangular antiprisms. It can be constructed by superimposing two copies of the compound of 10 octahedra UC16, and for each resulting pair of octahedra, rotating each octahedron in the pair by an equal and opposite angle θ.

When θ is zero or 60 degrees, the octahedra coincide in pairs yielding (two superimposed copies of) the compounds of ten octahedra UC16 and UC15 respectively. When

octahedra (from distinct rotational axes) coincide in sets four, yielding the compound of five octahedra. When

the vertices coincide in pairs, yielding the compound of twenty octahedra (without rotational freedom).
St Cathan's Chapel
St Cathan's Chapel (Scottish Gaelic: Cill Chatan) is a ruined chapel on the island of Colonsay, Scotland in the Inner Hebrides. It was dedicated to Cathan, an obscure saint once venerated across the western Scottish islands. It is located at grid reference NR3629095026, in the settlement of Lower Kilchattan.

The ruins, which date to the pre-Reformation period, perhaps to the 14th century, stand within a walled graveyard which is still used. The structure was built on the site of an even earlier chapel, no trace of which survives. A holy well, known as Tobar Chatten (English: Well of Cathan), is located nearby at grid reference NR364948. An object thought to be the chapel's holy water font was found and moved to Scalasaig, where it is now used  as a baptismal font in the local parish church.

Colonsay
Colonsay (/ˈkɒlənzeɪ/; Scottish Gaelic: Colbhasa; Scots: Colonsay) is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, located north of Islay and south of Mull. The ancestral home of Clan Macfie and the Colonsay branch of Clan MacNeil, it is in the council area of Argyll and Bute and has an area of 4,074 hectares (10,070 acres). Aligned on a south-west to north-east axis, it measures 8 miles (13 kilometres) in length and reaches 3 mi (5 km) at its widest point.
Ferris State Bulldogs
The Ferris State Bulldogs (FSU Bulldogs) are the athletic teams that represent Ferris State University, located in Big Rapids, Michigan, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sporting competitions. The Bulldogs compete as members of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLAIC) for 14 of 15 varsity sports, while the men's hockey team, the only team that competes at the NCAA Division I level, plays in the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). The Bulldogs have been members of the GLIAC since 1972.

Ferris' men's club ice hockey won the American Collegiate Hockey Association Division 2 national title in 1994, the men's basketball team won the NCAA Division II national title in 2018, and the football program won the Division II national title in 2021, 2022,  2024, and 2025.

2018 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament
The 2018 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament is the 62nd annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball in the United States. Featuring sixty-four teams, it began on March 9, and concluded with the championship game on March 24.

The eight regional winners met in the Elite Eight for the quarterfinal, semifinal, and championship rounds. For the second consecutive year, the Elite Eight was held at the Sanford Pentagon in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

Ferris State defeated Northern State, 71–69, to win the first national championship in the school's history.
Roswell Hill Johnson
Roswell Hill Johnson (1877–1967) was an American eugenics professor in the early twentieth century. Born in Buffalo, New York in 1877 and educated at Brown University, Harvard, and the University of Chicago and University of Wisconsin–Madison, Johnson conducted research at the Anatomical Laboratory of the University of Wisconsin and at the Carnegie Institution's Station for Experimental Evolution.  He joined the Carnegie staff in July 1905 as an assistant to Charles Davenport, the nation's most influential eugenicist in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Johnson's early work involved ladybugs, whose short life cycle made them ideal for studying evolution. He also developed techniques for locating underground petroleum reserves.

Paul Popenoe
Paul Bowman Popenoe (October 16, 1888 – June 19, 1979) was an American marriage counselor, eugenicist and agricultural explorer. He was an influential advocate of the compulsory sterilization of  mentally ill people and people with mental disabilities, and the father of marriage counseling in the United States.
The Pilot's Wife
The Pilot's Wife : A Novel is a 1998 novel by Anita Shreve.  It is chronologically the third novel in Shreve's informal trilogy to be set in a large beach house on the New Hampshire coast that used to be a convent. It is preceded by Fortune's Rocks and Sea Glass.

The novel was chosen as an Oprah's Book Club selection for March 1999.

Fortune's Rocks (novel)
Fortune's Rocks is a 1999 romance novel by bestselling author Anita Shreve.  It is the first novel in Shreve's tetralogy to be set in a large beach house on the New Hampshire coast that used to be a convent.  Chronologically, it is followed by Sea Glass, The Pilot's Wife and Body Surfing.
Joshua White (politician)
Joshua White (February 15, 1814 – July 16, 1890) was an American businessman and politician.

Born in Loudoun County, Virginia, White moved to Ogle County, Illinois and settled in what is now Stillman Valley, Illinois in 1838. He was a farmer and livestock breeder. He also opened a furniture store in Rockford, Illinois. In 1844, he open a store in White Oak Springs Wisconsin Territory. During that time, White served on the first Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1846. He lived in Chicago, Illinois 1848–1850, but moved back to Ogle County. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives 1857-1858 and in local government. He died in Ogle County, Illinois. His son, Frank White, served as Governor of North Dakota and in the North Dakota Legislative Assembly.

Frank White (North Dakota politician)
Frank White (December 12, 1856 – March 23, 1940) was an American politician who served as the eighth governor of North Dakota from 1901 to 1905. He was a Republican who also served as Treasurer of the United States from 1921 to 1928.
Hambach an der Weinstraße
Hambach, which received its name affix "an der Weinstraße" as a wine village in 1935, was incorporated into the town Neustadt an der Weinstraße (Rhineland-Palatinate) in 1969 and is its second largest district. The village is considered a symbol of German democracy because of the enunciation of freedom which took place in the Hambach Castle in 1832, known as the Hambach Festival.

Neustadt an der Weinstraße
Neustadt an der Weinstraße (German: [ˈnɔʏʃtat ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈvaɪnˌʃtʁaːsə]; lit. 'New City on the Wine Route'; Palatine German: Naischdadt an de Woischdrooß), formerly known as Neustadt an der Haardt, is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With 53,300 inhabitants as of 2020, it is the largest town called Neustadt.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilson County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilson County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Wilson County, Texas. 
There are six properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is a World Heritage Site, another is a State Antiquities Landmark and includes a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, and two more are also Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Wilson County, Texas
Wilson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 49,753. Its county seat is Floresville. The county is named after James Charles Wilson. Wilson County is part of the San Antonio–New Braunfels, Texas, metropolitan statistical area.
Bocanda Department
Bocanda Department is a department of N'Zi Region in Lacs District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 121,469 and its seat is the settlement of Bocanda. The sub-prefectures of the department are Bengassou, Bocanda, Kouadioblékro, and N'Zécrézessou.

Bocanda
Bocanda is a town in east-central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and seat of Bocanda Department in N'Zi Region, Lacs District. Bocanda is also a commune.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Bocanda was 60,183.
Khiladi (2013 film)
Khiladi is a 2013 Indian Bengali action drama film directed by Ashok Pati and produced by Ashok Dhanuka and Himanshu Dhanuka under the banner of Eskay Movies. It features Ankush Hazra and Nusrat Jahan in the lead roles and the music of the film has been composed by Shree Pritam. It is a remake of the 2012 Telugu film Denikaina Ready which itself was a remake of the 1999 Malayalam film Udayapuram Sulthan. The film released on 11 October 2013 and marked the final film of Tapas Paul before his death.

Denikaina Ready
Denikaina Ready (transl. Ready for anything) is a 2012 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film directed by G. Nageswara Reddy and produced by Mohan Babu. The film features Vishnu Manchu and Hansika Motwani in the lead roles. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film Udayapuram Sulthan.
Brad Wardell
Bradley R. Wardell (born June 24, 1971) is an American businessman, programmer, author and AI engineer. He is the founder, president, and CEO of Stardock, a software development and computer games company.

Elemental: War of Magic
Elemental: War of Magic is a fantasy 4X turn-based strategy game developed and published by Stardock, released on August 24, 2010.

Stardock calls Elemental "a strategy game in a role-playing world." The game revolves around exploration, city-building, resource management and conquest, but also incorporates quests and detailed unit design.

Stardock has released four further turn-based strategy games set in the world of Elemental: Elemental: Fallen Enchantress, in October 2012, Fallen Enchantress: Legendary Heroes, in May 2013, Sorcerer King, in July 2015, and Sorcerer King: Rivals, in September 2016. Following the release of Fallen Enchantress, Stardock discontinued Elemental: War of Magic and no longer sells the game.
Medwecki and Nowakowski M.N.5
The Medwecki and Nowakowski M.N.5 was an economical Polish trainer aircraft initially aimed at the club market, though there was also some military interest. It performed well but lacked a constructor after Samolot became insolvent in 1930, so only one was completed.

Armstrong Siddeley Genet
The Armstrong Siddeley Genet  is a five-cylinder, air-cooled, radial engine for aircraft use built in the UK, first run in 1926. It developed 80 hp at 2,200 rpm in its final form and was a popular light aircraft powerplant. Following the company tradition with a slight deviation the engine was named after the Genet, a catlike animal of the same order but different family.
Mount Valin
Mount Valin is the highest mountain of the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region (as measured from sea level) in the Canadian province of Quebec. Situated 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Chicoutimi, the mountain receives an average of 1,200 mm (47 in) of rain and 600 cm (236 in) of snow every year.

Mount Valin is an important site used for transmission facilities for radio and television stations in the region. Stations broadcasting from Mount Valin are television stations CFRS-DT, CKTV-DT and CIVV-DT; and radio stations CFIX-FM, CJAB-FM and CION-FM-2.

Mount Valin is part of the Monts-Valin National Park and home to the Le Valinouët ski centre.

Monts-Valin National Park
Parc National des Monts-Valin (French: Parc national des Monts-Valin, pronounced [paʁk nɑsjɔnal de mɔ̃ valɛ̃]) is one of twenty-nine national parks of Quebec, managed by the Quebec Outdoor Establishments Company (Sépaq). Located in Saguenay, the highest point of the region is found in Monts-Valin at Dubuc peak, as well as several other peaks reaching over 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level. It was established in 1996 to conserve a representative example of Mount Valin. For many years, the park has been a destination of choice for all outdoor enthusiasts, both summer and winter.