hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Modulatory space
The spaces described in this article are pitch class spaces which model the relationships between pitch classes in some musical system. These models are often graphs, groups or lattices. Closely related to pitch class space is pitch space, which represents pitches rather than pitch classes, and chordal space, which models relationships between chords.

Tonality diamond
In music theory and tuning, a tonality diamond is a two-dimensional diagram of ratios in which one dimension is called the otonality and the other is called the utonality. Thus the n-limit tonality diamond ("limit" here is in the sense of odd limit, not prime limit) is an arrangement in diamond-shape of the set of rational numbers r, , such that the odd part of both the numerator and the denominator of r, when reduced to lowest terms, is less than or equal to the fixed odd number n. Equivalently, the diamond may be considered as a set of pitch classes, where a pitch class is an equivalence class of pitches under octave equivalence. The tonality diamond is often regarded as comprising the set of consonances of the n-limit. Although originally invented by Max Friedrich Meyer, the tonality diamond is now most associated with Harry Partch ("Many theorists of just intonation consider the tonality diamond Partch's greatest contribution to microtonal theory.").
Salmson
Salmson is a French engineering company. Initially a pump manufacturer, it turned to automobile and aeroplane manufacturing in the 20th century,
returning to pump manufacturing in the 1960s, and re-expanded to a number of products and services in the late 20th and into the 21st century. It is headquartered in Chatou and has production facilities in Laval. It has subsidiaries in Argentina, Italy, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa and Vietnam.

Salmson-Moineau S.M.1
The Salmson-Moineau S.M.1 A3, (later re-designated Salmson Sal. 1 A3), was a French armed three-seat biplane long range reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War designed by René Moineau for the Salmson company.
Opatów Gate
Opatów Gate is a gothic city gate in Sandomierz, Poland. It was built during the Middle Ages and is a registered monument in Poland.

Geographer Mieczysław Orłowicz mentioned it as one of the last remaining elements of the city walls. It is also the only surviving example of the four original city gates. The top of the gate is accessible and provides a view of the city.

Sandomierz
Sandomierz (pronounced: [sanˈdɔmjɛʂ] ⓘ; Latin: Sandomiria, Yiddish: צויזמר, צוזמיר, romanized: Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants (as of 2017), situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin. It is the capital of Sandomierz County within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Sandomierz is known for its preserved Old Town, a major cultural and tourist attraction which the President of Poland declared a National Monument of Poland in 2017.

In the past, Sandomierz was one of the most important urban centers not only of Lesser Poland, but also of the whole country. It was a royal city of the Polish Crown and functioned as a regional administrative centre from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century.
Korea Super Prix
The International Formula 3 Korea Super Prix was a Formula Three race held annually on the streets of Changwon, South Korea between 1999 and 2003. The event enjoyed brief success as a sister 'flyaway' event to complement the season-ending Macau Grand Prix, before being replaced in 2004 with an ultimately one-off Bahrain Superprix at the Bahrain International Circuit.

The Korea Super Prix was due to make a return in 2010, at the new Korea International Circuit, but this was cancelled due to "a legal technicality with the circuit" which surfaced just a few weeks before the race was due to run.

Korea International Circuit
The Korea International Circuit (코리아 인터내셔널 서킷) is a 5.615 km (3.489 mi) motorsport circuit located in Yeongam, South Jeolla Province, South Korea, 320 km (200 mi) south of Seoul and near the port city of Mokpo. It was the venue for the Korean Grand Prix from 2010 to 2013 after a $264 million (250 billion won) deal between Bernie Ecclestone and the Korean F1 promoter Korea Auto Valley Operation (KAVO – a joint venture between M-Bridge Holdings and Jeollanam-do regional government).

By 2015, having only hosted four Grand Prix events and relegated to hosting modestly attended local races, the facility has been criticized as a debacle.
Tralee Bay
Tralee Bay (Irish: Loch Foirdhreamhain / Cuan Thrá Lí) is located in on the west coast of County Kerry, Ireland. It is situated between Kerry Head on the north side and the Maharees on the west and  extends eastwards as far as the bridge at Blennerville.  Several small rivers feed into the bay through the town of Tralee.  Villages around the bay include; Ballyheigue, Fenit, Kilfinora, Spa, Blennerville, Camp and Castlegregory.

Tralee
Tralee (/trəˈliː/ trə-LEE; Irish: Trá Lí, pronounced [t̪ˠɾˠaː(j) ˈl̠ʲiː]; formerly Tráigh Lí, meaning 'strand [of the River] Lee') is the county town of County Kerry in the south-west of Ireland. The town is on the northern side of the neck of the Dingle Peninsula, and is the largest town in County Kerry. The town's population was 26,079 as of the 2022 census, making it the 15th largest urban settlement in Ireland. Tralee is known for the Rose of Tralee International Festival, which has been held annually in August since 1959.
History of cell membrane theory
Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer "sea". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today.

Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction.

Cell theory has traditionally been accepted as the governing theory of all life, but some biologists consider non-cellular entities such as viruses living organisms and thus disagree with the universal application of cell theory to all forms of life.
Villa Maria Hostel
Villa Maria Hostel is a heritage-listed nursing home at 167–173 Saint Paul's Terrace, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Frank Cullen, Hennessy, Hennessy, Keesing & Co, & J P Donoghue and built from 1927 to 1968. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 18 September 2008.

Fortitude Valley, Queensland
Fortitude Valley (often called "The Valley" by local residents) is an inner suburb of the City of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Fortitude Valley had a population of 9,708 people. The suburb features two pedestrian malls at Brunswick Street Mall and Chinatown, and is one of the hubs of Brisbane's nightlife, known for its nightclubs, bars and adult entertainment.
Ray Lampkin
Ray Lampkin (born 1948  in Portland, Oregon) is a retired professional boxer who lost a 1975 World Boxing Association (WBA) lightweight title fight against Roberto Durán in Panama. Lampkin lasted fourteen rounds against the hard-hitting Duran. He won the North American Boxing Federation lightweight title fight but later lost it against Esteban de Jesús at the Felt Forum in New York City. He finished his career with a total of 34 wins (16 by knock out), six losses (two by knock out) and one draw. Lampkin was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.

Esteban de Jesús
Esteban de Jesús (August 2, 1950 – May 11, 1989) was a Puerto Rican world lightweight champion boxer. De Jesús, a native of the town of Carolina, Puerto Rico, was a gymmate of Wilfred Benítez and was trained by Benitez's father, Gregorio Benitez. He was the first boxer to defeat Roberto Durán as a pro, and the only fighter to defeat Duran during his lightweight reign. His career was mired in controversy, problems, and scandals.
Mahboubeh Barbari Zharfi
Mahboubeh Barbari Zharfi (Persian: محبوبه بربری‌ژرفی; born  28 December 1991) is an Iranian judoka. She competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics as a member of the Refugee Olympic Team in the mixed teams event and at the +78 kg category.

Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics
The IOC Refugee Olympic Team (French: Équipe olympique des réfugiés, ÉOR) competed at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. 37 athletes from 11 countries of origin represented the Refugee Olympic Team at the 2024 Summer Olympics in 12 sports, with 14 of the 37 athletes being Iranians.

Yahya Al Ghotany and Cindy Ngamba were the delegation's flagbearers during the opening ceremony.

Ngamba was the sole Olympian to have achieved a bronze medal in women's 75 kg in boxing. Notable athletes include Manizha Talash who was ultimately disqualified in B-Girls event in breaking for displaying a political flag and Eyeru Tesfoam Gebru who failed to finish the race in women's individual road race in cycling.
Aircastle
Aircastle Limited is an aircraft leasing company that acquires, leases and sells commercial jet aircraft to airlines around the world. It has its headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut, with offices in Dublin and Singapore. Aircastle was incorporated on October 29, 2004.

As of September 30, 2019, Aircastle owns and managed 277 aircraft leased to 87 lessees located in 48 countries.

From August 2006 to March 2020, Aircastle traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol AYR.

On November 6, 2019, Aircastle reached a merger agreement with Marubeni and Mizuho Leasing at a price of US$32 per share, for a company valuation of US$7.4 billion; Marubeni was previously Aircastle's largest shareholder. The acquisition was completed on March 27, 2020.

Marubeni
Marubeni Corporation (丸紅株式会社, Marubeni Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 8002, OSE: 8002, NSE: 8002) is a sōgō shōsha (general trading company) headquartered in Otemachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the largest sogo shosha and has leading market shares in cereal and paper pulp trading as well as a strong electrical and industrial plant business. Marubeni is a member of the Fuyo keiretsu.
Neslihan Demir
Neslihan Demir (born 9 December 1983) is a retired Turkish volleyball star. She is one of the most successful athletes of Turkey and has been among FIVB Heroes. She represented her country as the flag bearer at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the official advertisement face of Turkey for the 2020 Summer Olympics candidateship along with basketballer Hedo Türkoğlu. She was a left-handed opposite hitter and won numerous individual awards in the international tournaments. She studied at Gazi University.

2011 Women's European Volleyball Championship
The 2011 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the 27th edition of the European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in Italy and Serbia from 23 September to 2 October 2011.
Rudolf Rechsteiner
Rudolf "Ruedi" Rechsteiner (born 27 October 1958) is a Swiss political scientist and politician who served on the National Council (Switzerland) for the Social Democratic Party from 1995 to 2010 before being succeeded by Beat Jans. He previously also served on the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt from 1988 to 1999. He was also president of Swissaid and the Swiss chapter of Amnesty International.

Beat Jans
Beat Anton Jans (German pronunciation: [beːat jans]; born 12 July 1964) is a Swiss environmental scientist and politician who serves as a member of the Federal Council, after being elected in 2023 to succeed Alain Berset, assuming office on 1 January 2024. A member of the Social Democratic Party, he previously served on the National Council from 2010 to 2020, and as president of the Executive Council of Basel-Stadt from 2021 to 2023.
Établissements Billard
Établissements Billard was a French railway rolling stock construction company founded in 1920 and based in Tours. It specialised in light railbuses and metre gauge and narrow gauge rolling stock. The business ceased trading in 1956 and later became Socofer.

Chemins de fer de la Corse
Chemins de fer de la Corse (French pronunciation: [ʃəmɛ̃ də fɛʁ də la kɔʁs], CFC; Corsican: Camini di Ferru di a Corsica) is the name of the regional rail network serving the French island of Corsica. It is centred on the town of Ponte Leccia, from which three main lines radiate to Ajaccio, Bastia, and Calvi. The section following the northwest coastline between L'Île-Rousse and Calvi, known as the Balagne line, gives access to many beaches and is very popular with tourists.

A fourth line, running from Casamozza (on the Bastia line) down the east coast of the island to Porto-Vecchio was badly damaged by bombardment during World War II and never reopened.
Sukri River
Sukri river flows from the western slopes of Aravalli Range near Desuri in Pali district and flows through Guda Endla, Rani and Chanod. Its total length in the Pali district is 103 km. Another river of the same name originates from Aravali range and flows through Sojat and Gaguda, with total length of 75 km in Pali District. It feeds Bankli Dam, located in Jalore District and then merges with the Luni river near Samdari.

Luni River
The Luni is the largest river in the Thar Desert in Northwest India. It originates in Naga hills of the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli Range, near Ajmer, passes through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after travelling a distance of 495 km (308 mi). It is first known as Sagarmati, then after passing Govindgarh, it meets its tributary Sarasvati, which originates from Pushkar Lake and from then on it is called Luni.

In 1892, Maharaja Jaswant Singh II of Jodhpur constructed 0 in Pichiyak village between Bilara and Bhawi of Jodhpur district. It is one of the largest artificial lakes in India and irrigates more than 12,000 acres (49 km2). It is one of the internal drainage rivers in India; it does not meet with Arabian Sea. It is drained before it reaches the Arabian Sea.
Karmen Petrovic
Monika Klisara (born October 29, 1995) is a Bosnian-Canadian professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the NXT and Evolve brands under the ring name Karmen Petrovic. After winning national championships in karate, Klisara made her professional wrestling debut in 2023, thus making her the first Bosnian to perform in WWE to date.

Jaida Parker
Tiana Lillian Marie Caffey (born February 12, 1999) is an American professional wrestler and former college soccer player. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Jaida Parker, and is a former member of the Out the Mud (OTM) stable.
Yacin Yabeh Galeb
Yacin Yabeh Galeb was the chief of staff of Force Nationale de Police of Djibouti from 1977 to December 7, 2000 when he was demoted to adviser to interior minister. Shortly afterwards police loyal to him attempted a coup d'état. The coup attempt was stopped by the army; he fled to a French military base but was turned over to Djibouti authorities on December 9. On December 13 he was charged in court with conspiracy and breaching state security. He was said to be an old friend of President Ismail Omar Guelleh, but relations between the two had reportedly been worsening prior to the events.

Yacin Yabeh Galeb was reportedly released for medical treatment in June 2001, but he was sentenced to 15 years in prison in June 2002.

Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (born 27 November 1947), often referred to by his initials IOG, is a Djiboutian politician who has served as the President of Djibouti since 1999.

Guelleh was first elected as President in 1999 as the handpicked successor to his uncle, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, who had ruled Djibouti since independence in 1977. Guelleh was re-elected in 2005, 2011, 2016 and in 2021. The elections were largely boycotted by the opposition amid complaints over widespread irregularities. Guelleh has been characterized as a dictator, and his rule has been criticized by human rights groups and foreign governments.
U.S. military instructor badges
The U.S. military issues instructor badges to specially training military personnel who are charged with teaching military recruits the skills they need to perform as members of the U.S. Armed Forces or teach continuing education courses for non-commissioned officers and officers in the military. With the exception of the U.S. Army and U.S. Coast Guard, these badges are considered temporary military decorations and must be surrendered upon completion of one's duty as a military instructor. Because of this, the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps award Drill Instructor Ribbons as a permanent decoration to recognize service members who have qualified and performed as military instructors.

Drill instructor
A drill instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire department, or police forces with specific duties that vary by country. Foot drill, military step, and marching are typically taught by drill instructors.
Lasse Norman Leth
Lasse Norman Leth; né Norman Hansen; (born 11 February 1992) is a Danish professional road and track racing cyclist, who currently rides for Danish club team Team CO:PLAY–Giant Store. During his track cycling career, he has won five medals (including two golds) at the Summer Olympic Games, ten medals (including three golds) at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships and six medals (including two golds) at the UEC European Track Championships.

Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's omnium
The men's cycling omnium at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at the London Velopark on 4 and 5 August.

Lasse Norman Hansen from Denmark won the gold medal. France's Bryan Coquard won silver and Ed Clancy from Great Britain took bronze.
Madonna di Campiglio
Madonna di Campiglio (German: Sankt Maria im Pein) is a village and a ski resort in northeast Italy. It is also a frazione of the comune of Pinzolo. The village lies in the Val Rendena at an elevation of 1,522 m (4,993 ft) above sea level, and has approximately 1,000 inhabitants.

The ski area around Madonna di Campiglio has 57 lifts and 150 km (93 mi) of ski runs, with a capacity of more than 31,000 people per hour, rises to 2,600 m (8,530 ft), has 50,000 m2 (12 acres) of snow park, 40 km (25 mi) for Nordic skiing and links to the pistes in Pinzolo, Folgarida, and Marilleva. Together, they have 156 kilometers (97 mi) of interconnected runs.

Madonna di Campiglio is the main point of access to the Brenta Dolomites, with its famous via ferrata, with the ski lift to the Passo Groste (or de:Passo del Grostè) taking one directly to the northern end of the via ferrata network.

Pinzolo
Pinzolo (Eastern Lombard: Pinsöl) is a small town and comune situated in Val Rendena in Trentino in the northern Italian Alps at an elevation of 800 metres (2,600 ft). The Church of Saint Vigilius of Trent stands in the town.

It is mainly known as a ski resort during the winter months and as a popular tourist destination in the summer.

In January 2017 Valentino Rossi became Honorary Resident of the town.
Chibu, Shimane
Chibu (知夫村, Chibu-mura, Chibu-son) is a village located on Chiburijima (知夫里島) in the Dōzen group of islands in the Oki District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Chibu is the only village remaining in Shimane Prefecture as of October 1, 2005. As of Japan's 2010 census, the village has a population of 657 people, constituting 326 households, and a population density of about 48 persons per km2. This is a decrease of 68 people (9.4%) from the previous census conducted in 2005. A population estimate from March 2011 placed Chibu's population at 656 people, 334 men and 322 women.

Chiburijima
Chiburijima (知夫里島) is one of the Dōzen Islands in the Oki archipelago in the Sea of Japan.

The island, 13.7 km2 in area, has a population of approximately 650 persons and is the smallest of the inhabited islands in the Oki archipelago in area and in population Administratively the island is administered by the village of Chibu in Shimane Prefecture. Much of the island is within the borders of Daisen-Oki National Park.
Chiburijima is the only island of the Oki Islands with tanuki. There are only about 650 people but probably more than 2000 tanuki.
South Darfur
South Darfur State (Arabic: ولاية جنوب دارفور Wilāyat Ǧanūb Dārfūr; Janob Darfor) is one of the wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the five states that compose the region of Darfur in western Sudan.

Darfur
Darfur (/dɑːrˈfʊər/ dar-FOOR; Arabic: دار فور, romanized: Dār Fūr, lit. 'Realm of the Fur') is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Arabic: دار داجو, romanized: Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë c. 350 AD, and it was  renamed Dartunjur (Arabic: دار تنجر, romanized: Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for hundreds of years until 1874, when it fell to the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr. The region was later invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916.

Because of the War in Darfur between Sudanese government forces and the indigenous population, the region has been in a state of humanitarian emergency and genocide since 2003. The factors include religious and ethnic rivalry, and the rivalry between farmers and herders.
Kamaka Stillman
Ke Aliʻi Kamaka Oukamakaokawaukeoiopiopio Stillman (1833–1924) was an aliʻi (hereditary noble) of the Kingdom of Hawaii as well a prominent figure after its overthrow through equestrianism as a Paʻu rider in the Kamehameha Day celebrations as well as an acknowledged authority on Hawaiian genealogy and oral chants. She is descended from Kahaopuolani, the aliʻi wahine (noble mother) who had hidden Kamehameha I as a baby and raised him for years in Kohala, Hawaiʻi along with his brother and her own children. Stillman published a response to a 1911, Hawaiian Newspaper account of the birth of Kamehameha the Great, correcting information from the oral traditions handed down within the Kahala family.

Kamehameha I
Kamehameha I (Hawaiian pronunciation: [kəmehəˈmɛhə]; Kalani Paiʻea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiʻikui Kamehameha o ʻIolani i Kaiwikapu kauʻi Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea; c. 1736 – c. 1761 to May 8 or 14, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great, was the conqueror and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii. The state of Hawaii gave a statue of him to the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C., as one of two statues it is entitled to install there.