hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Master of Quantitative Finance
A master's degree in quantitative finance is a postgraduate degree focused on the application of mathematical methods to the solution of problems in financial economics. There are several like-titled degrees which may further focus on financial engineering, computational finance, mathematical finance, and/or financial risk management.

In general, these degrees aim to prepare students for roles as "quants" (quantitative analysts); in particular, these degrees emphasize derivatives and fixed income, and the hedging and management of the resultant market and credit risk.

Formal master's-level training in quantitative finance has existed since 1990.

Financial modeling
Financial modeling
 is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a real world financial situation. This is a mathematical model designed to represent (a simplified version of) the performance of a financial asset or portfolio of a business, project, or any other investment.

Typically, then, financial modeling is understood to mean an exercise in either asset pricing or corporate finance, of a quantitative nature. It is about translating a set of hypotheses about the behavior of markets or agents into numerical predictions.  At the same time, "financial modeling" is a general term that means different things to different users; the reference usually relates either to accounting and corporate finance applications or to quantitative finance applications.
Place Vendôme (Swingle Singers with MJQ album)
Place Vendôme (released as Encounter in the U.S.) is an album released by the Swingle Singers performing with the Modern Jazz Quartet.  This album as Encounter was a 1968 Grammy award nominee for Best Performance By A Chorus.

All tracks from this album are also included on the Mercury compilation CD Compact Jazz: The Swingle Singers and the 11 disk Philips boxed set, Swingle Singers.

Swingle Singers (Philips boxed set)
The 2005 Philips boxed set, Swingle Singers is a compilation of all eleven of the Paris-based Swingle Singers' recordings made for Philips between 1963 and 1972.  Ten of the eleven disks included in this boxed set had also been re-issued previously by Philips (Emarcy) in five "two-fer" compilation sets over the preceding five years.
George Frazier (baseball manager)
George Kasson Frazier (January 7, 1861 – February 5, 1913) was a 19th-century professional baseball executive. He was the owner and manager of the Syracuse Stars of the American Association, considered a major league, during the 1890 season.

He managed the Stars to a record of 51–65. The team also went 4–7 in 11 games managed by Wallace Fessenden in mid-season. The Stars finished in seventh place, and folded at the conclusion of the season.

He was married to Mary Yale, daughter of Colonel John Wesley Yale, member of the Yale family.

John Wesley Yale
Colonel John Wesley Yale (1832 – 1900), of Syracuse, New York, was a paper merchant, military officer and manager and trustee of the New York State Asylum by Gov. Theodore Roosevelt. He served the Democrats under various state and national conventions.
Miharu Castle
Miharu Castle (三春城, Miharu-jō) is a hilltop-style Japanese castle located in the town of Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima Prefecture, in the southern Tōhoku region of Japan. It is also called Maizuru Castle (舞鶴城).  Built in 1543, the castle and its surrounding land are maintained by the government of Japan as a public park. Constructed during the Sengoku period, the castle  was occupied by a succession of daimyō of Miharu Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. Today, the site is a public park, renowned for its sakura.

Miharu, Fukushima
Miharu (三春町, Miharu-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the town had an estimated population of 17,471 in 6348 households, and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 72.76 square kilometres (28.09 sq mi).
Kaizers Orchestra
Kaizers Orchestra is a Norwegian alternative rock band formed in Bergen on 1 January 2000. They are notable for being among the first non-black-metal Norwegian artists singing in their native language to become popular beyond Scandinavia.

In 2012, the group announced that following a 2013 "Farewell Tour", they would take a long break. Their final concert was held on 14 September 2013 at DNB Arena in Stavanger, and was also streamed live online. In November 2022, following weeks of teasers and speculation, the band confirmed a reunion and comeback tour scheduled for 2023.

Violeta Violeta
Violeta Violeta is a series of studio albums by Norwegian alternative rock band Kaizers Orchestra, comprising their sixth, seventh, and eighth studio albums. The album trilogy was released throughout 2011 and 2012.

Vol. I was released on 31 January 2011, going straight to #1 in VG-lista, the official Norwegian Albums Chart in its first week of release. Vol. II was released on 11 November 2011, and Vol. III on 2 November 2012.
Balme
Balme (Arpitan: Bârmes) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. It is located in the Graian Alps area, in one of the Valli di Lanzo, the about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Turin, on the border with France.

Balme borders the following municipalities: Ala di Stura, Bessans (France), Bonneval-sur-Arc (France), Groscavallo, Lemie, and Usseglio.

Lemie
Lemie (Arpitan: Leimia) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Turin.

Lemie borders the following municipalities: Ala di Stura, Balme, Mezzenile, Usseglio, Viù, and Condove.
Devilsmother
Devilsmother is a 645-metre-high (2,116 ft) mountain in Connemara, Ireland. Devilsmother is in the Partry Mountains, at the head of Killary Harbour, overlooking the Western Way long-distance path. It sits on the border between County Galway (to the south) and County Mayo (to the north).

Partry Mountains
The Partry Mountains (Irish: Sliabh Phartraí) is a mountain range in western Connacht, Ireland. It is in an area known as Partry, on the borders of County Mayo and County Galway. The mountains stand between Lough Mask (to the northeast), Lough Corrib (southeast), the Maam Valley (southwest) and the River Erriff (northwest). At the heart of the range is Lough Nafooey.

The highest peak in the Partry Mountains is Maumtrasna, which rises to 682 metres (2,238 ft). Other mountains in the range include Devilsmother, Knocklaur, and Bunnacunneen.
1954 Irish general election
The 1954 Irish general election to elect the 15th Dáil was held on Tuesday, 18 May, following the dissolution of the 14th Dáil on 24 April by President Seán T. O'Kelly on the request of Taoiseach Éamon de Valera. The general election took place in 40 Dáil constituencies throughout Ireland for 147 seats in Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas.

The 15th Dáil met at Leinster House on 2 June to nominate the Taoiseach for appointment by the president and to approve the appointment of a new government of Ireland. De Valera failed to secure a majority, and John A. Costello was appointed Taoiseach, forming the second inter-party government, a minority coalition of Fine Gael, the Labour Party and Clann na Talmhan.

15th Dáil
The 15th Dáil was elected at the 1954 general election on 14 May 1954 and met on 2 June 1954. The members of Dáil Éireann, the house of representatives of the Oireachtas (legislature), of Ireland are known as TDs. It sat with the 8th Seanad as the two Houses of the Oireachtas.

On 12 February 1957, President Seán T. O'Kelly dissolved the Dáil at the request of the Taoiseach John A. Costello on 4 February. The 15th Dáil lasted 2 years, 255 days.
Basem Khandakji
Basem Khandakji (Arabic: باسم خندقجي, romanized: Bāsim khndqjy; born 1983) is a Palestinian writer who was born in 1983. When he was 20, he was convicted in his role in helping to kill three people. His novel, written while in prison, A Mask, the Color of the Sky won the Arabic Booker Prize in 2024.

He has studied at An-Najah National University and Al-Quds University. He was arrested by the Israeli Defense Forces on November 2, 2004, and was sentenced to life imprisonment for his involvement in the Carmel Market bombing, in which three people were murdered. He has published several novels, poems, and studies from prison. Khandakhji was released from Israeli prison in 2025 as part of the deal to exchange Palestinian prisoners for hostages being held by Hamas.

Carmel Market bombing
The Carmel Market bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on 1 November 2004 at the Carmel Market located at the heart of Tel Aviv's business district. Three civilians were killed in the attack and over 50 people were injured.

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine claimed responsibility for the attack.
Hirata, Shimane
Hirata (平田市, Hirata-shi) was a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on January 1, 1955.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 28,506 and a density of 200.68 persons per km2. The total area was 142.05 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Hirata, along with the towns of Koryō, Sada, Taisha and Taki (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.

Hirata is connected by rail with Izumo by the Dentetsu rail line. The line continues beyond Hirata as far as Matsue.

Koryō, Shimane
Koryō (湖陵町, Koryō-chō) was a town located in Hikawa District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,843 and a density of 262.49 persons per km2. The total area was 22.26 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Koryō, along with the city of Hirata, the towns of Sada, Taisha and Taki (all from Hikawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Izumo.
San Zenone al Lambro
San Zenone al Lambro (Milanese: San Zenon [ˌsãː dzeˈnũː], locally San Zanon [ˌsãː dzaˈnũː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Milan.

San Zenone al Lambro borders the following municipalities: Vizzolo Predabissi, Tavazzano con Villavesco, Cerro al Lambro, Sordio, Lodi Vecchio, Casaletto Lodigiano and Salerano sul Lambro. It is served by San Zenone al Lambro railway station.

Salerano sul Lambro
Salerano sul Lambro (Lodigiano: Salaràn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Lodi.

Salerano sul Lambro borders the following municipalities: San Zenone al Lambro, Lodi Vecchio, Casaletto Lodigiano, Borgo San Giovanni, Caselle Lurani, Castiraga Vidardo.
Cape Jourimain
Cape Jourimain is an area made of two islands and a section of mainland along the southwestern shore of the Northumberland Strait, three kilometres west of New Brunswick's easternmost point at Cape Tormentine. The two islands, Jourimain and Trenholm, have been connected to the mainland since 1966 by an artificial causeway. Cape Jourimain is the historic crossing point from New Brunswick (NB) to Prince Edward Island (PEI) and is host to the western end of the Confederation Bridge, Canada's longest fixed-link crossing. In 1980, the two islands, including a section of mainland, were designated as a National Wildlife Area (NWA)  and in 2001 the Cape Jourimain Nature Centre, operated by a charitable nonprofit organization, was opened to the public.

Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick
46°07′N 63°47′W﻿ / ﻿46.117°N 63.783°W﻿ / 46.117; -63.783

Cape Tormentine is a rural community and former local service district in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It is located on the Northumberland Strait at the Abegweit Passage, the shortest crossing between Prince Edward Island and the mainland. It once flourished as a transportation hub between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island but has been in decline since 1997 when the ferry service was closed due to the opening of the Confederation Bridge. At the Canada 2011 Census the population was 108, three quarters what it was at the 2006 census.

Cape Tormentine is named for the eponymous cape. For the purpose of Statistics Canada's census it is in Botsford Parish.
Saint Tegai
Saint Tegai (sometimes spelt Tygai) is the patron saint and founder of Llandygai in the Welsh county of Gwynedd.

According to Enwogion Cymru, Tegai was a saint who lived in the early part of the sixth century He was one of the sons of Ithel Hael, and with his brother Tecwyn accompanied Saint Cadfan from Brittany to Wales and became a member of the college of Bardsey Island. He founded the church of Llandygai.  In Achau y Saint, Tegai is called Tegai Glasog of Maelan.

Ithel Hael
Ithel Hael ("Ithel the Generous") or Ithel Hael o Lydaw was a prince of Armorica who lived in the early part of the sixth century. He was the father of Baglan, Flewyn, Gredifael, Tanwg, Twrog, Tegai, Trillo, Tecwyn and Llechid, saints who accompanied Cadfan to Britain.
Kasha
In English, kasha usually refers to the pseudocereal buckwheat or its culinary preparations. In Slavic languages, "kasha" means porridge. In some varieties of Central and Eastern European cuisine, kasha can apply to any kind of cooked grain. It can be baked but most often is boiled, either in water or milk, but the word can also refer to the grain before preparation, which corresponds to the definition of 'groats'. The word "kasha" is used in Belarus (каша), the Czech Republic (kaše), Lithuania (košė), Poland (kasza), Romania and Moldova (cașa), Russia (каша), Slovakia (kaša), Slovenia (kaša), Kazakhstan, and Ukraine (каша).

The English-language usage of kasha, which refers primarily to buckwheat, probably originated with Jewish immigrants, as did the form קאַשי kashi (literally translated as "porridges").

Russian cuisine
Russian cuisine is a collection of the different dishes and cooking traditions of the Russian people as well as a list of culinary products popular in Russia, with most names being known since pre-Soviet times, coming from all kinds of social circles.
Gōdo-juku
Gōdo-juku (河渡宿, Gōdo-juku) was the fifty-fourth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now part of the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

69 Stations of the Nakasendō
The 69 Stations of the Nakasendō (中山道六十九次, Nakasendō Rokujūkyū-tsugi) are the rest areas along the Nakasendō, which ran from Nihonbashi in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Sanjō Ōhashi in Kyoto. The route stretched approximately 534 km (332 mi) and was an alternate trade route to the Tōkaidō.
Jean Louis Lucand
Jean Louis Lucand (11 November 1821, Beauvilliers, Yonne – 19 November 1896) was a French mycologist and mycological artist.

A career soldier, he served in the French military from 1842 to 1873. In 1866 he was named captain and a chevalier in the Legion of Honor. Following retirement from the army, he moved to the community of Autun, where he focused his energies on mycology.

He was a founding member of the Société mycologique de France, and also a member of the Société d'histoire naturelle du Creusot and the Société d'histoire naturelle et des amis du muséum d'Autun. The species Rosa lucandiana was named in his honor by François-Xavier Gillot and Pierre Alfred Déséglise.

François-Xavier Gillot
François-Xavier Gillot (12 September 1842, in Autun – 8 October 1910, in Autun) was a French physician, mycologist and botanist.

Gillot was a founding member of the Société d'histoire naturelle d'Autun, and from 1877 was a non-resident member of the Société botanique de Lyon. The fungal genus Gillotia was named in his honor in 1913 by Pier Andrea Saccardo and Alessandro Trotter.
Mike Edel
Michael Richard Edel (born December 18, 1985) is a Canadian folk musician, guitarist, and songwriter.

He has released four studio albums, The Last of Our Mountains (2011), India, Seattle (2015), Thresholds (2019), and En Masse (2020). Edel has also released two extended plays, Hide from the Seasons (2008) and The Country Were I Came From (2012).

Edel has over six million streams across various platforms. His music has been featured on ABC's American Idol, CBC Radio, and Sirius XM.

Cordova Bay Records
Cordova Bay Records is an independent record label in Victoria, British Columbia. The label operates in conjunction with Cordova Bay Music Publishing under the parent company Cordova Bay Entertainment Group. The company was founded by Michael Burke in 1999 and touts itself as an artist-oriented label.
Shelly Lundberg
Shelly J. Lundberg is an economist and currently holds the positions of Leonard Broom Professor of Demography at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where she serves as associate director of the Broom Center for Demography. Lundberg is one of the world's leading population economists.

Robert A. Pollak
Robert A. Pollak (born 1 December 1938) is an economist. Pollak has made contributions to the specification and estimation of consumer demand systems, social choice theory, the theory of the cost of living index, and since the early 1980s, to the economics of the family and to demography. He is currently the Hernreich Distinguished Professor of Economics at Washington University in St. Louis, holding joint appointments in the Faculty of Arts & Sciences and in the Olin Business School.
The Siren (sculpture)
The Siren is a sculpture by Norman J. Gitzen, which was formerly displayed in Wellington, Florida. It consists of a 3-metre tall hand-pounded steel and bronze depiction of a mermaid with webbed hands and unusually large breasts. It was part of the village's public art program, which involved 21 artists loaning art work to be displayed in public places. Originally placed outside Wellington Community Centre, it caused controversy after some complaints about the nudity of the statue. The artist later added nipples to the sculpture's breasts.

The statue was featured on CNN, NPR and A Current Affair, and was included in a summary of 2005 news stories in Playboy. As of 2022, it remains in Gitzen's possession, and is displayed by him at public events and shows.

Wellington, Florida
Wellington is a village in Palm Beach County and 66 mi (106 km) north of Miami. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area and the fifth largest municipality in Palm Beach County by population. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 61,637 according to the U.S. Census Bureau, making it the most populous village in the state.
Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876
The Svaneti uprising of 1875–1876 also known as Svaneti-Khalde revolt, was an uprising directed against the policy of Russian Tsar Alexander II's administration in Svaneti. It was the third and the last armed uprising of Georgian mountaineers against the Russian Imperial rule, the other two being the Mtiuleti rebellion of 1804 and the Kakheti revolt of 1812.

Svaneti
Svaneti (Svan: შუ̂ან, ლემშუ̂ანიერა; shwan, lemshwaniera, and Suania in ancient sources; Georgian: სვანეთი [ˈs̪ʷän̪e̞t̪ʰi] Svaneti) is a province in the northwestern part of Georgia. Running along the Greater Caucasus range, Svaneti is one of the most mountainous regions of Georgia. It is largely inhabited by the Svans, an ethnic subgroup of Georgians.
Mercedes-Benz M116 engine
The Mercedes-Benz M116 is an automotive V8 engine made in several versions by Mercedes-Benz between 1969 and 1991. All models were gasoline powered and utilized a single overhead camshaft with 2 valves per cylinder and Bosch Jetronic fuel injection. The larger M117 V8 followed, introduced initially in the US market.

Mercedes-Benz W108/W109
The Mercedes-Benz W 108 and W 109 are luxury cars produced by Mercedes-Benz from 1965 through to 1972 to succeed the W 111 and W 112 "fintail" (German: "Heckflosse") sedans. The cars were successful in West Germany and in export markets including North America and Southeast Asia. During the seven-year run, a total of 383,072 units were manufactured. Some publications mention 383,361 units.

As the W 108 and W 109 were only available as 4-door models, similarly squarish Bracq-designed 2-door W 111 and W 112 coupés and cabriolets filled those niches, and are often mistaken for W 108/W 109 two-doors.
Pentagramma
Pentagramma is a small genus of North American ferns in the family Pteridaceae. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in Pityrogramma, and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized.

The distribution of P. triangularis (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico. Pentagramma maxonii occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to California and Baja California.

Members of the genus Pentagramma produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related genus Notholaenaand other members of the Cheilanthoideae.

Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.  The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Tomboy
A tomboy is a girl or young woman who exhibits behaviors and traits typically associated with boys or men in a given culture, such as wearing androgynous or unfeminine clothing and engaging in activities traditionally considered masculine.

Girl
A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent.  While the term girl has other meanings, including young woman, daughter or girlfriend regardless of age, the first meaning is the most common one.

The treatment and status of girls in any society is usually closely related to the status of women in that culture.  In cultures where women have or had a low social position, girls may be unwanted by their parents, and society may invest less in girls.  The difference in girls' and boys' upbringing ranges from slight to completely different.  Mixing of the sexes may vary by age, and from totally mixed to total sex segregation.
Colliding Rivers
The Colliding Rivers is the name of the confluence of Little River into the North Umpqua River at Glide, Oregon, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east-northeast of Roseburg. It is known as Colliding Rivers because of the nearly head-on angle at which the streams meet, the only place in the state of Oregon where a river meets its tributary in such a straight angle. Prior to the point of the Colliding Rivers, the Little River approaches from the south and the North Umpqua has completed a sharp bend and intersects the Little River.

North Umpqua River
The North Umpqua River is a tributary of the Umpqua River, about 106 miles (171 km) long, in southwestern Oregon in the United States. It drains a scenic and rugged area of the Cascade Range southeast of Eugene, flowing through steep canyons and surrounded by large Douglas-fir forests. Renowned for its emerald green waters, it is considered one of the best fly fishing streams in the Pacific Northwest for anadromous fish.