hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
China National Vulnerability Database
The China National Vulnerability Database (CNNVD) is one of two national vulnerability databases of the People's Republic of China. It is operated by the China Information Technology Security Evaluation Center (CNITSEC), the 13th Bureau of China's foreign intelligence service, the Ministry of State Security (MSS). As of September 28, 2020, the database has 117,454 vulnerabilities cataloged with the first entry dated January 1, 2010.

Vulnerability database
A vulnerability database (VDB) is a platform aimed at collecting, maintaining, and disseminating information about discovered computer security vulnerabilities. The database will customarily describe the identified vulnerability, assess the potential impact on affected systems, and any workarounds or updates to mitigate the issue. A VDB will assign a unique identifier to each vulnerability cataloged such as a number (e.g. 123456) or alphanumeric designation (e.g. VDB-2020-12345). Information in the database can be made available via web pages, exports, or API. A VDB can provide the information for free, for pay, or a combination thereof.
The Rapper
"The Rapper" is a song by The Jaggerz, written by band member Donnie Iris. Released as a single, it reached No. 2 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart, behind Simon & Garfunkel's smash "Bridge Over Troubled Water" on 20 March 1970,  it reached No. 1 on the Record World Singles chart. It was certified Gold by the RIAA in 1970 (see 1970 in music) for selling over a million copies.

Jimmie Ross
Jimmie Ross is an American rock guitarist and vocalist who is best known for being a member of Pittsburgh band the Jaggerz, known for their 1970 hit "The Rapper". During the band's initial existence of 1965-1976, the bassist shared the duties of lead vocalist with guitarist Donnie Iris. By the time the Jaggerz regrouped in 1989, Iris was well into his solo career, and Ross became the sole lead vocalist and remained bassist. He continues to hold both positions today.

Before the Jaggerz, Ross was a member of a band called Gary and the Jewel Tones. Members of this band merged with members of Donnie and the Donnelles to form The Jaggerz.

During the years of the Jaggerz' split, Ross was a member of The Skyliners and then Cooper & Ross.

In 2010, he released his first solo album, Full Circle, which contained covers of Jaggerz songs.
The Story of Joanna
The Story of Joanna is a 1975 pornographic film directed by Gerard Damiano and starring Jamie Gillis and Terri Hall. The film has a sado-masochism theme influenced by Story of O (1954). It is considered one of the classics of the Golden Age of Porn (1969–1984). It has been inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame.

Story of O
Story of O (French: Histoire d'O, IPA: [istwaʁ do]) is an erotic novel written by French author Anne Desclos under the pen name Pauline Réage, with the original French text published in 1954 by Jean-Jacques Pauvert.

Desclos did not reveal herself as the author until 1994, 40 years after the initial publication. Desclos stated she wrote the novel as a series of love letters to her lover Jean Paulhan, who had admired the work of the Marquis de Sade. The novel shares with the latter themes such as love, dominance, and submission.
Burayevsky District
Burayevsky District (Russian: Бура́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Борай районы, Boray rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders with Yanaulsky and Tatyshlinsky Districts in the north, Baltachevsky District in the east, Mishkinsky District in the southeast, Birsky District in the south, Dyurtyulinsky District in the south and southwest, and with Kaltasinsky District in the west. The district is 1,820 square kilometers (700 sq mi). Its administrative center is in a rural locality (a selo) of Burayevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,154, with the population of Burayevo accounting for 37.9% of that number.

Tatyshlinsky District
Tatyshlinsky District (Russian: Татышли́нский райо́н; Bashkir: Тәтешле районы, Täteşle rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic and borders Perm Krai to the north, Askinsky District to the east, Baltachevsky District to the southeast and south, Burayevsky District to the south and Yanaulsky District to the southwest and west. The area of the district is 1,376.16 square kilometers (531.34 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Verkhniye Tatyshly. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,159, with the population of Verkhniye Tatyshly accounting for 26.4% of that number.
Diocese of Phoenix
The Diocese of Phoenix (Latin: Dioecesis Phoenicensis; Spanish: Diócesis de Phoenix) is a diocese in western and central Arizona in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. The diocese was established in 1969; the bishop is John P. Dolan.

Archdiocese of Santa Fe
The Archdiocese of Santa Fe (Latin: Archidioecesis Sanctae Fidei in America Septentrionali, Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Santa Fe) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or archdiocese, of the southwestern region of the United States in the state of New Mexico.

While the mother church of the archdiocese, the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi, is in the city of Santa Fe, its administrative center is in the city of Albuquerque, approximately sixty miles away. The current archbishop is John Charles Wester, who was installed on June 4, 2015.

The archdiocese filed for bankruptcy in 2019, followed by a bankruptcy plan in 2022.
Republic of Spanish Haiti
The Republic of Spanish Haiti (Spanish: República del Haití Español), also called the State of Santo Domingo (Estado de Santo Domingo) was a former unrecognized breakaway state that succeeded the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo after independence was declared on 1 December 1821 by José Núñez de Cáceres. The state's constitution declared it as a state of Gran Colombia. The republic lasted only from 1 December 1821 to 9 February 1822 when it was annexed by the Republic of Haiti.

Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
The Republic of Haiti (French: République d’Haïti, Haitian Creole: Repiblik d Ayiti, Spanish: República de Haití) from 1820 to 1849 was effectively a continuation of the first Republic of Haiti that had been in control of the south of what is now Haiti since 1806. This period of Haitian history commenced with the fall of the Kingdom of Haiti in the north and the reunification of Haiti in 1820 under Jean-Pierre Boyer. This period also encompassed Haitian occupation of Spanish Santo Domingo from 1822 to 1844, creating a unified political entity governing the entire island of Hispaniola. Although termed a republic, this period was dominated by Boyer's authoritarian rule as president-for-life until 1843. The first Republic of Haiti ended in 1849 when President Faustin Soulouque declared himself emperor, thus beginning the Second Empire of Haiti.
Heir presumptive
An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of a person with a better claim to the position in question. This is in contrast to an heir apparent, whose claim on the position cannot be displaced in this manner.

Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1453–1468)
Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (17 November 1453 – 5 July 1468), called Alfonso the Innocent, was the figurehead of rebelling Castilian magnates against his half-brother Henry IV, who had recognized him as heir presumptive.
Siamese–Patani War (1634)
The Siamese–Patani War (Thai: สงครามสยาม-ปัตตานี พ.ศ.2177) was a 1634 war between the Patani Kingdom and Ayutthaya Kingdom. King Prasat Thong came to power in Ayutthaya through a coup d'état which Raja Ungu of Patani refused to accept and cut off relations with Ayutthaya and stopped sending bunga mas. This caused Prasat Thong to gather an army of 30,000 men and more than 60,000 from various cities on 11 May 1634, with the Dutch promising to send warships to support him. The war lasted seven days. Ayutthaya was unable to attack Pattani as it received assistance from Johor and Pahang, totalling 50 ships, along with four Portuguese warships that came to support. When supplies ran low, the Ayutthaya forces retreated to Songkhla to wait for support from the Dutch, but there was no sign of it and the army eventually retreated.

Raja Ungu
Raja Ungu or Ratu Ungu (Thai: รายาอูงู) ruled the Sultanate of Patani (1624–1635), succeeding her sister Raja Biru. In Malay, her name means the "purple queen." She was the third and final daughter of Sultan Mansur Shah to rule the country and was succeeded by her daughter Raja Kuning.
Metric k-center
In graph theory, the metric k-center problem or vertex k-center problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem studied in theoretical computer science that is NP-hard. Given n cities with specified distances, one wants to build k warehouses in different cities and minimize the maximum distance of a city to a warehouse. In graph theory, this means finding a set of k vertices for which the largest distance of any point to its closest vertex in the k-set is minimum. The vertices must be in a metric space, providing a complete graph that satisfies the triangle inequality. It has application in facility location and clustering.

Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization  that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects, where the set of feasible solutions is discrete or can be reduced to a discrete set. Typical combinatorial optimization problems are the travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously mentioned, exhaustive search is not tractable, and so specialized algorithms that quickly rule out large parts of the search space or approximation algorithms must be resorted to instead.

Combinatorial optimization is related to operations research, algorithm theory, and computational complexity theory. It has important applications in several fields, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, auction theory, software engineering, VLSI, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science.
Belvì
Belvì (Sardinian: Brevìe) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Nuoro. It is part of the traditional region Barbagia di Belvì.

Belvì borders the following municipalities: Aritzo, Atzara, Desulo, Meana Sardo, Sorgono, Tonara.

Desulo
Desulo (Sardinian: Dèsulu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Nuoro.

Desulo borders the following municipalities: Aritzo, Arzana, Belvì, Fonni, Ovodda, Tiana, Tonara, Villagrande Strisaili.
Börfink
Börfink is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.

Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbɪʁkn̩fɛlt] ⓘ) is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde. The town itself has approximately 7,000 inhabitants.
Amphipneustes mironovi
Amphipneustes mironovi is a species of sea urchin. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Amphipneustes and lives in the sea. Amphipneustes mironovi was first scientifically described in 1991 by Markov.

Amphipneustes
Amphipneustes is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the order Spatangoida.

The species of this genus are found at the coasts of Antarctica.

Species:

Amphipneustes bifidus Mortensen, 1950

Amphipneustes brevisternalis (Koehler, 1926)

Amphipneustes davidi Madon-Senez, 2002

Amphipneustes koehleri Mortensen, 1905

Amphipneustes lorioli Koehler, 1901

Amphipneustes marsupialis (Koehler, 1926)

Amphipneustes mironovi Markov, 1991

Amphipneustes rostratus (Koehler, 1926)

Amphipneustes similis Mortensen, 1936

Amphipneustes tumescens (Koehler, 1926)
Tivoli Variety Theatre
The Tivoli Variety Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, started life as the Conciliation Hall in 1834. Located on Burgh Quay, Dublin 2; It was built as a meeting place for Daniel O'Connell's Repeal Association.

In 1897, it was rebuilt as a concert hall called the Grand Lyric Hall and changed its name to the Lyric Theatre of Varieties the following year. It became known as the Tivoli in 1901. It was a modest-sized music hall with seating for 1252 patrons.

The Tivoli closed in 1928 but for a short time continued to show cine-variety on Sunday nights. It finally closed in 1930, and the building became the home of the Irish Press newspaper group.

A replacement Tivoli Theatre opened elsewhere in the city in 1934 and closed in 2019.

Tivoli Theatre (Dublin)
The Tivoli Theatre was a theatre on Francis Street in The Liberties, Dublin which opened in 1934 and operated until 2019 when it was demolished and replaced by "StayCity Aparthotel Tivoli", a 4-star hotel.
Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research
Landcare Research (Māori: Manaaki Whenua) was a New Zealand Crown Research Institute whose focus of research was the environment, biodiversity, and sustainability. The New Zealand government placed the institute into the newly-formed New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science on 1 July 2025.

Crown Research Institute
In New Zealand, Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) are corporatised Crown entities charged with conducting scientific research. In January 2025, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon announced plans to merge the existing crown research institutes into three new Public Research Organisations (PROs).
François-Jean-Marie Laouënan
François-Jean-Marie Laouënan (19 November 1868 – 29 September 1892) was a member of Paris Foreign Missions Society and was the archbishop of Archdiocese of Pondicherry. On 24 July 1868 he was appointed to succeed Bishop Joseph-Isidore Godelle as Vicar Apostolic of Pondicherry. He was consecrated as a bishop on 11 October 1868. When Pope Leo XII established Catholic hierarchy in India, Mgr. Laouënan was appointed as Archbishop of the same see on 25 November 1886. He was the archbishop until his death on 29 September 1892. He was succeeded by Joseph-Adolphe Gandy.

Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore (Latin: Archidioecesis Pondicheriensis et Cuddalorensis) is a Latin metropolitan see of the Catholic Church of Pondicherry and Cuddalore in India.
Ezra F. Vogel
Ezra Feivel Vogel (July 11, 1930 — December 20, 2020) was an American sociologist who wrote on modern Japan, China, and Korea. He was Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University.

His 1978 book Japan as Number One: Lessons for America was a best-seller in both English and Japanese, and his 2011 book Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China won the Lionel Gelber Prize.

Steven K. Vogel
Steven Kent Vogel is an American academic, journalist, author and political economist. He specializes in industrial policy, Japan, and comparative political economy.  He is Director of the Political Economy Program, the Il Han New Professor of Asian Studies, and a Professor of Political Science and Political Economy at the University of California, Berkeley. His father was the late Ezra Vogel. His mother was the late Suzanne Hall Vogel.
Titan triggerfish
The titan triggerfish, giant triggerfish or moustache triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens) is a large species of triggerfish found in lagoons and at reefs to depths of 50 m (160 ft) in most of the Indo-Pacific, though it is absent from Hawaii. With a length of up to 75 centimetres (30 in), it is the largest species of triggerfish in its range (the stone triggerfish, Pseudobalistes naufragium, from the east Pacific is larger).

Triggerfish
Triggerfish are about 40 species of often brightly colored marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Balistidae. Often marked by lines and spots, they inhabit tropical and subtropical oceans throughout the world, with the greatest species richness in the Indo-Pacific. Most are found in relatively shallow, coastal habitats, especially at coral reefs, but a few, such as the oceanic triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata), are pelagic. While several species from this family are popular in the marine aquarium trade, they are often notoriously ill-tempered.
Tanga Region
Tanga Region (Swahili: Mkoa wa Tanga) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 26,667 km2 (10,296 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Burundi. The regional capital is the municipality of Tanga city. Located in northeast Tanzania, the region is bordered by Kenya and Kilimanjaro Region to the north; Manyara Region to the west; and Morogoro and Pwani Regions to the south. It has a coastline to the east with the Indian Ocean. According to the 2022 national census, the region had a population of 2,615,597.

Ngulu people
The Ngulu people, also known as the Nguu, Kingulu, Nguru, Geja, Wayomba, (Swahili collective: Wangulu) are a Bantu, matrilineal ethnic and linguistic group native to Kilindi District in western Tanga Region and historically also lived in Mvomero District, Gairo District and Kilosa District  of Morogoro Region in Tanzania. The Ngulu population is around 390,000 people. The Ngulu Mountains are named after the Ngulu people.
Whitmore Acton
Sir Whitmore Acton, 4th Baronet (c. 1677 – 17 January 1731/32) was a British Member of Parliament.

He was the eldest son of Sir Edward Acton, 3rd Baronet and educated at St Edmund Hall, Oxford and the Middle Temple. He succeeded to the baronetcy upon the death of his father in 1716.

Acton lived at Aldenham Park, near Bridgnorth and held the office of High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1727–28.

High Sheriff of Shropshire
This is a list of sheriffs and high sheriffs of Shropshire

The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the high sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. From 1204 to 1344 the Sheriff of Staffordshire served also as the Sheriff of Shropshire.

Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as sheriff was retitled high sheriff. The high sheriff changes every March.
Face Forward
Face Forward is a cosmetics book written by Kevyn Aucoin.  It was a New York Times bestseller. The book was widely noted for introducing makeup sculpting and contouring to the general public for the first time.

Aucoin's portrait subjects include Julia Roberts, Sharon Stone, Martha Stewart, Tori Amos and Aucoin's own mother.  Little, Brown and Company reported a 275,000-copy first printing (compared to 164,000 for his last book, Making Faces), and the publishing company had already ordered three more press runs by the end of the month, for a total of 425,000 copies.

Contouring
Contouring is a makeup technique that uses cosmetics to define, enhance and sculpt the structure of the face or other body parts, such as breasts.

Contouring is usually produced by placing a warm or cool toned color that is one or two shades darker than the skin color in areas such as in the hollows of the cheeks, on the side of the nose, and on the temples to give a shadow and a slimming effect. It can be complemented with a highlighter that is one or two shades lighter than the skin color on areas of the face that are more prominent such as on the apples of the cheeks and the tip of the nose or the t-zone (forehead, nose, and chin). This technique can also be referred to as strobing, which generally uses only lighter powders and shades and little to no darker ones.
Dramatic Lyrics
Dramatic Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1842 as the third volume in a series of self-published books entitled Bells and Pomegranates. It is most famous as the first appearance of Browning's poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin, but also contains several of the poet's other best-known pieces, including My Last Duchess, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, Porphyria's Lover, and Johannes Agricola in Meditation.

Johannes Agricola in Meditation
"Johannes Agricola in Meditation" (1836) is an early dramatic monologue by Robert Browning. The poem was first published in the Monthly Repository; later, it appeared in Dramatic Lyrics (1842) paired with Porphyria's Lover under the title "Madhouse Cells".

Agricola's "meditations" serve primarily as a critique of antinomianism. The speaker believes in an extreme form of predestination, claiming that, since he is one of the elect, he can commit any sin without forfeiting his afterlife in heaven.
Melfi
Melfi (Lucano: Mèlfe) is a town and comune in the Vulture area of the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Geographically, it is midway between Naples and Bari. In 2015 it had a population of 17,768.

Jeep Compass
The Jeep Compass is a compact crossover SUV, introduced in 2006 for the 2007 model year. The first generation Compass and Patriot, its rebadged variant, were among Jeep's first crossover SUVs. The second-generation Compass debuted in September 2016 in Brazil and at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2016, sharing a modified platform with the Renegade. It is positioned between the smaller Renegade and the larger Cherokee globally or the Commander in South America. The third-generation Compass debuted in May 2025, built on the STLA Medium by Stellantis, shared with other PSA Groupe vehicles.
Iceland in the Cold War
Throughout the Cold War, the nation of Iceland was a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and allied with the United States, hosting a US military presence in Keflavík Air Base from 1951 to 2006.

In 1986, Iceland hosted a summit in Reykjavík between United States President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, during which they took significant steps toward nuclear disarmament.

Five years later, in 1991, Iceland became the first country to recognize the renewed independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania when they broke away from the Soviet Union.

Iceland Defense Force
The Iceland Defense Force (Icelandic: Varnarlið Íslands; IDF) was a military sub-unified command of the United States Department of Defense. It existed from 1951 to 2006. It came into existence when the United States agreed to provide for the defense of Iceland, which has only limited defense forces.

The IDF was composed of United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force personnel as well as local Icelandic civilians. In the 1950s, there were United States Army field forces stationed in Iceland, and the first commander of the IDF was a U.S. Army brigadier general. By the 1980s the IDF only included a few U.S. Army and, in addition, some United States Coast Guard personnel.