hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karan (caste)
The Karan is a community found in the state of Odisha in India. The post of Karana used to be a professional designation that was occupied by literate peoples. They held Karanam posts in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, where they speak Odia and played a similar role in Odisha to that of the Kayasthas of West Bengal and Bihar. In the social hierarchy of Odisha they rank next to Brahmins. They exclusively served the ruling powers as their ministers, advisors, governors, military commanders, record keepers and dewans. They owned most Zamindaris in Odisha. They have the highest literacy caste-wise and are highly prosperous. Today they are a politically dominant community and have reigned over the politics of Odisha for more than 50 years.

Biju Patnaik
Bijayananda Patnaik (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997) was an Indian politician, aviator and businessman. He served as the 3rd Chief Minister of the State of Odisha from 1961 to 1963 and from 1990 to 1995. He was also the 14th Steel and mines and 1st Coal Union Minister of India from 1979 to 1980 and from 1977 to 1979 and a member of Lok Sabha from Kendrapara from 1977 to 1985. He is the father of Naveen Patnaik, also a former Chief Minister of the state.
1975 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1975 nuclear test series was a group of 19 nuclear tests conducted in 1975. These tests followed the 1974 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1976 Soviet nuclear tests series.

1976 Soviet nuclear tests
The Soviet Union's 1976 nuclear test series was a group of 21 nuclear tests conducted in 1976. These tests followed the 1975 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1977 Soviet nuclear tests series.
Great Neck station
Great Neck is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch in the Village of Great Neck Plaza, Nassau County, New York. The station is located at Middle Neck Road (CR 11) and Station Plaza at Great Neck Road, 0.25 miles (0.40 km) north of Northern Boulevard (NY 25A) and 15.9 miles (25.6 km) from Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan. From just east of the station, the line becomes single track to Port Washington.

The Great Neck station is the westernmost stop on the Port Washington Branch in Nassau County.

Great Neck Plaza, New York
Great Neck Plaza is a village on the Great Neck Peninsula in the Town of North Hempstead, in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States. The population was 7,482 at the time of the 2020 census.
Bhojshala
The Bhojshala (IAST: Bhojaśālā, transl. "Hall of Bhoja") is a historic building located in the city of Dhar, in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The name is derived from the celebrated king Bhoja of the Paramāra dynasty of central India, a patron of education and the arts, to whom major Sanskrit works on poetics, yoga and architecture are attributed. The architectural parts of the building proper are of different periods but mainly date to the twelfth and thirteenth centuris; the Islamic domed tombs in the wider campus were added between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The monument was repaired under the Powars of Dhār and more extensively by the Archaeological Survey of India over the last five decades.

Dhar
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain, it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
Mill Creek (Walla Walla River tributary)
Mill Creek is a 36.5-mile-long (58.7 km) tributary of the Walla Walla River, flowing through southeast Washington and northeast Oregon in the United States. It drains from the western side of the Blue Mountains into the Walla Walla Valley and flows through the city of Walla Walla, which draws most of its water supply from the creek. The creek is named for the sawmill built in 1845 by Marcus Whitman, one of the first European settlers in the valley.

Walla Walla River
The Walla Walla River is a tributary of the Columbia River, joining the Columbia just above Wallula Gap in southeastern Washington in the United States. The river flows through Umatilla County, Oregon, and Walla Walla County, Washington. Its drainage basin is 1,758 square miles (4,550 km2) in area.
2017 James Madison Dukes football team
The 2017 James Madison Dukes football team represented James Madison University during the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They were led by second-year head coach Mike Houston and played their home games at Bridgeforth Stadium and Zane Showker Field. They are a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA). They finished the season 14–1 overall with an 8–0 mark in CAA play to win the conference title and also finished undefeated in the regular season for the second time in school history (the other being 1975, before the Dukes joined the NCAA). They received an automatic bid to the FCS playoffs, where they defeated Stony Brook, Weber State, and South Dakota State to advance to the National Championship Game for the second straight season, where they were defeated 17–13 by North Dakota State.

2017 Stony Brook Seawolves football team
The 2017 Stony Brook Seawolves football team represented Stony Brook University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Seawolves competed as fifth-year members of the Colonial Athletic Association with Chuck Priore as the head coach for his twelfth season. They played their home games at Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium in Stony Brook, New York. They finished the season 10–3, 7–1 in CAA play to finish in second place. They received an at-large bid to the FCS Playoffs where they defeated Lehigh in the first round before losing to James Madison in the second round.
Sub-Balkan valleys
The Sub-Balkan Valleys (Bulgarian: Подбалкански котловини, romanized: Podbalkanski kotlovini) are row of 11 valleys running from the Bulgarian border with Serbia east to the Black Sea. They are separating the Balkan Mountains from a chain of other mountains known as Srednogorie which includes Vitosha and Sredna Gora. There is great abundance of mineral waters. They are divided into two parts: Western (higher) and Eastern (lower). The western valleys include: Burel Valley; Sofia Valley; Saranska Valley; Kamarska Valley. The eastern valleys are: Zlatitsa–Pirdop Valley; Karlovo Valley; Kazanlak Valley; Tvarditsa Valley; Sliven Valley; Karnobat Valley; Aytos Valley.

Karnobat Valley
Karnobat Valley (Bulgarian: Карнобатска котловина) is situated in eastern Bulgaria and is the tenth of the eleven Sub-Balkan valleys in direction west–east. It is named after the town of Karnobat, its main settlement.
Pickering Beck
Pickering Beck is a river that runs for over 18 miles (29 km) from its source in the North York Moors National Park through the town of Pickering and on to its confluence with Costa Beck at Kirby Misperton. It is a meandering river that is fed by numerous named and unnamed becks and streams which flow over sandstone and limestone beds and an alluvia of sand, clay silt and gravel. The beck is known for flooding and in recent times has been a beneficiary of funding and experimental flood protection schemes.

The beck rises at Fen Bog, a watershed between the Eller Beck to the north and Pickering Beck to the south, where rainfall from the surrounding moorland can flow in either direction. Its source lies about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of the source of the River Derwent, into which the beck ultimately drains via the Costa Beck and River Rye. It forms part of the Derwent catchment.

Both Ryedale District Council and the Environment Agency acknowledge Pickering Beck as being a main river.

River Rye, Yorkshire
The River Rye in the English county of North Yorkshire rises just south of the Cleveland Hills, east of Osmotherley. It flows through Ryedale and the communities of Hawnby, Rievaulx, Helmsley, Nunnington, West and East Ness, Butterwick, Brawby, and Ryton, before joining the River Derwent at 54°10′N 00°44′W﻿ / ﻿54.167°N 0.733°W﻿ / 54.167; -0.733 near Malton.

The river valley (dale) gave its name to the Ryedale District, a former shire district that extended southwest into the Vale of Pickering along the River Derwent. The district existed from 1974 to 2021, when it was subsumed into the larger North Yorkshire unitary authority.
Giuseppe Fabiani
Giuseppe Fabiani (27 November 1926 – 25 June 2019) was an Italian Catholic bishop.

Fabiani was born in Bertinoro, Italy and was ordained to the priesthood in 1950. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Imola, Italy, from 1989 until 2002.

Diocese of Imola
The Diocese of Imola (Latin: Diocesis Imolensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Romagna, northern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bologna. The diocese had originally been a suffragan of the metropolitan of Milan, and was then subject to the Archbishop of Ravenna until 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII made Bologna an archbishopric and assigned it two suffragans, Imola and Cervia. In 1604, however, Pope Clement VIII returned them to the metropolitanate of Ravenna. Pope Pius VII transferred Imola back to the metropolitanate of Bologna.

The diocese of Imola is noted for having had a number of its bishops elected to the Papacy, including Cardinal Fabio Chigi (1652), afterwards Pope Alexander VII; Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti (1785), afterwards Pope Pius VII; and Cardinal Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti (1832), afterwards Pope Pius IX.
Rennsteiglauf
The Rennsteiglauf (full name GutsMuths-Rennsteiglauf) is a trail running event on the Rennsteig path in the Thuringian Forest.

The longest course is an ultramarathon currently 72.7 km from Eisenach to Schmiedefeld and part of the European Ultramarathon Cup. Other competitions are a marathon (42.195 km) from Neuhaus am Rennweg to Schmiedefeld, a half marathon from Oberhof to Schmiedefeld, short cross country races for people with intellectual disabilities and several hiking courses from 10 to 50 km.

Since 1973, the race has taken place annually in May. It used to be the biggest popular sport event in East Germany, and is still one of the biggest ultramarathons in Europe, attracting more than 10,000 participants, including those for other distances. It was named in honor of sports educator Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths.

Rennsteig
The Rennsteig (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɛnʃtaɪk]) is a ridge walk as well as a historical boundary path in the Thuringian Forest, Thuringian Highland and Franconian Forest in Central Germany. The long-distance trail runs for about 170 km (110 miles) from Eisenach and the Werra valley in the northwest to Blankenstein and the Selbitz river in the southeast.

The Rennsteig is also the watershed between the river systems of the Weser, Elbe and Rhine. The catchment areas of all three river systems meet at the Dreistromstein ("Three Rivers Rock") near Siegmundsburg.
Listed buildings in Alton, Staffordshire
Alton is a civil parish in the district of Staffordshire Moorlands, Staffordshire, England. It contains 63 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, six are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Alton and Bradley in the Moors and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings.  The River Churnet runs through the parish, and the listed buildings associated with it are a weir and two bridges.  The other listed buildings include churches and items in and around the churchyards, the ruins of a castle, public houses, a village lock-up, two mileplates, a well, a school, and a village pump.

Bradley in the Moors
Bradley in the Moors is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Alton, in the Staffordshire Moorlands district, in the county of Staffordshire, England. It is situated between the villages of Gallows Green and Great Gate and consists of no more than eight cottages as well as two farms and a small B&B cottage. In 1931 the parish had a population of 77. On 1 April 1934 the parish was abolished and merged with Alton, part also went to Croxden.

Musician Pete McArdle was born on a farm in Bradley in the Moors, before moving to Birkenhead.
Karainagar
Karainagar (Tamil: காரைநகர்) (pronounced Kaarai-Nagar) is located 20 km from Jaffna, Sri Lanka, on the island of Karaitivu. In Tamil, the name is derived from the Tamil word 'kadar-karai' meaning a settlement (or town) on the sea coast. Karainagar is the nearest town to Casuarina Beach.

Karaitivu (Jaffna)
Karaitivu (Tamil: காரைதீவு, romanized: Kāraitīvu; Sinhala: කාර දිවයින Kãra Divaina) is an island off the coast of Jaffna Peninsula in northern Sri Lanka, located approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-west of the city of Jaffna.
Bērziņi Parish
Berzini Parish (Latvian: Bērziņu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

The parish borders Belarus along the Čaušica and Sarjanka rivers, as well as with Ķepova, Svariņi and Šķaune parishes.

Ķepova Parish
Ķepova Parish (Latvian: Ķepovas pagasts)  unit of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia.

The parish is on Latvia's border with Belarus. It borders the parishes of Asūne, Svariņi, Bērziņi and Robežnieki within its own municipality.
Ozegahara
Ozegahara (尾瀬ヶ原) is a high altitude marshland in the Oze National Park, Japan.

Approximately 8 km2 in size, the marshland is well known for various species of plants, including the "mizu-bashō" (White Skunk Cabbage), "Nikkōkisuge" (yellow alpine lilies, Hemerocallis dumortieri var. esculenta) and "Watasuge" (Eriophorum vaginatum). The marshland is a popular hiking destination.

Ozegahara with Mount Hiuchi

Marsh of Ozegahara

Boardwalk of Ozegahara. Mount Shibutsu in the background.

Oze National Park
Oze National Park (尾瀬国立公園, Oze Kokuritsu Kōen), is an area consisting of open greenland in Fukushima, Tochigi, Gunma and Niigata Prefectures in Japan. The park is 372 km2 in area and is the 29th national park in Japan.

Opened on 30 August 2007, the park's area includes the marshes (Ozegahara) and the mountains in the Oze area, formerly part of the Nikkō National Park, and other nearby areas including the Aizu-Komagatake and Tashiroyama mountains.

The park was the first new national park to open in 20 years, since the designation of Hokkaidō's Kushiro wetlands as a national park in 1987.

In Gunma's Jomo Karuta, Oze National Park is featured on the 'se' card.
Pisz County
Pisz County (Polish: powiat piski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It came into being on 1 January 1999 as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Pisz, which lies 88 kilometres (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. The county contains three other towns: Orzysz, 24 km (15 mi) north-east of Pisz, Ruciane-Nida, 17 km (11 mi) west of Pisz, and Biała Piska, 18 km (11 mi) east of Pisz.

The county covers an area of 1,776.17 square kilometres (685.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 57,553, out of which the population of Pisz is 19,332, that of Orzysz is 5,804, that of Ruciane-Nida is 4,894, that of Biała Piska is 4,006, and the rural population is 23,517.

Ruciane-Nida
Ruciane-Nida [ruˈt͡ɕanɛ ˈɲida] is a town in Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. The town was formed in 1966 by the merger of three smaller settlements: Ruciane (German: Rudczanny, renamed Niedersee in 1938), Nida (German: Nieden) and Wola Ratajowa. It is located within the ethnographic region of Masuria.

The town of Ruciane-Nida is a well-known tourist centre within the Masurian Lake District, with a popular railway line running through it: a D29-219 line – Olsztyn – Szczytno – Świętajno – Pisz – Ełk. In the summer, it becomes the furthermost Southern station of the Masurian Recreational Navigation system.

As of 2004, the town had a population of 4,934.
Tō-ji
Tō-ji Temple (東寺, Tō-ji; "East Temple"), a.k.a. the Kyō-ō-gokoku-ji (教王護国寺, The Temple for the Defense of the Nation by Means of the King of Doctrines) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in the Minami-ku ward of Kyoto, Japan.

Founded in 796, Tō-ji Temple was one of the only three Buddhist temples allowed in the city at the time it became the capital of Japan. As such it has a long history, housing treasures and documents from the early Heian period and the Tang dynasty, and with buildings in its complex covering the Kamakura, Muromachi, Momoyama, and Edo periods. Five of these buildings have been designated National Treasures in two different categories: the Lotus Flower Gate (rengemon), the Miei Hall (mieidō), the Golden Hall (kondō) and the five-storied Pagoda (gojūnotō) (temple buildings) and the Kanchiin Guest Hall (kanchiin kyakuden) (residences).

Tō-ji was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, as part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.

Rajōmon
Rajōmon (羅城門), also called Rashōmon (羅生門), was the gate built at the southern end of the monumental Suzaku Avenue in the ancient Japanese cities of Heijō-kyō (Nara) and Heian-kyō (Kyoto), in accordance with the Chinese grid-patterned city layout. At the other far northend of Suzaku Avenue, one would reach the Suzakumon Gate, the main entrance to the palace zone.
Mastophora cornigera
Mastophora cornigera is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae. It is found in a range from the United States to Nicaragua. Like all known species of the genus Mastophora, adult females are bolas spiders, capturing their prey with one or more sticky drops at the end of a single line of silk rather than in a web. Males and juvenile females capture their prey directly with their legs.

Bolas spider
A bolas spider is a member of the orb-weaver spider (family Araneidae) that, instead of spinning a typical orb web, hunts by using one or more sticky "capture blobs" on the end of a silk line, known as a "bolas". By swinging the bolas at flying male moths or moth flies nearby, the spider may snag its prey rather like a fisherman snagging a fish on a hook. Because of this, they are also called angling or fishing spiders (although the remotely related genus Dolomedes is also called a fishing spider). The prey is lured to the spider by the production of up to three sex pheromone-analogues.

Bolas spiders have been treated as either the whole or part of either the tribe "Mastophoreae" or Mastophorini, the subfamily Mastophorinae, or the informal group mastophorines. Recent studies show that the genus Celaenia, which does not use a bolas, belongs in the same taxonomic group.
The Sorcerer (cave art)
The Sorcerer is one name for an enigmatic cave painting found in the cavern known as 'The Sanctuary' at the Cave of the Trois-Frères, Ariège, France, made around 13,000 BCE. The figure's significance is unknown, but it is usually interpreted as some kind of great spirit or master of animals. The unusual nature of The Sanctuary's decoration may also reflect the practice of magical ceremonies in the chamber. In his sketches of the cave art, Henri Breuil drew a horned humanoid torso and the publication of this drawing in the 1920s influenced many subsequent theories about the figure. However, Breuil's sketch has also come under criticism in recent years. A single prominent human figure is unusual in the cave paintings of the Upper Paleolithic, where the great majority of representations are of animals.

Cave of the Trois-Frères
The Cave of the Trois-Frères is a cave in southwestern France famous for its paintings. It is located in Montesquieu-Avantès, in the Ariège département. The cave is named for three brothers (French: trois frères, pronounced [tʁwɑ fʁɛʁ]), Max, Jacques, and Louis Begouën, who, along with their father, Henri Begouën, discovered it in 1912. The drawings in the cave were made famous in the publications of the archeologist Henri Breuil. The cave art appears to date to around 15,000 years ago.
Harman and Co.
Harman and Co. was a well-known and respected English banking firm in the City of London. It was founded around 1740 by Quaker partners Jonathan Gurnell (1684-1753) (who married in 1711 Grizell Wilmer of Pitzhanger Manor) and Joseph Hoare (d. 1729), and was in business until 1846. The firm traded extensively with Portugal and were agents for the Russian Imperial Court in St. Petersburg.

The firm had close ties to the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade The only surviving brother of one of its founders was the abolitionist Samuel Hoare Jr. Jeremiah Harman, son of one of the early investors, was one of the first merchants to support the abolition movement.

Henry Hope, later a significant international merchant banker, apprenticed in the firm during 1754-1760

Henry Hope
Henry Hope (1735–1811) was an Amsterdam merchant banker born in Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay. He emigrated to the Netherlands to join the family business, the Dutch bank Hope & Co., at a young age. From 1779, Henry became the manager of Hope & Co. and participated in the firm for about a third from 1782. He is considered to be as great a genius as his uncle Thomas Hope who founded Hope & Co. in 1762. In 1786 Adam Smith dedicated the fourth edition of his book The Wealth of Nations to Henry Hope in hopes of increasing his readership:
OneHalf
OneHalf is a DOS-based polymorphic computer virus (hybrid boot and file infector) discovered in October 1994.  It is also known as Slovak Bomber, Freelove or Explosion-II. It infects the master boot record (MBR) of the hard disk, and any files with extensions .COM, .SCR and .EXE. However, it will not infect files that have SCAN, CLEAN, FINDVIRU, GUARD, NOD, VSAFE, MSAV or CHKDSK in the name.

It is also known as one of the first viruses to implement a technique of "patchy infection", introduced in Bomber.

OneHalf has about 20 different variants, all with functionally similar behaviour.

Bomber (computer virus)
Bomber (also known as Commander Bomber) is a DOS polymorphic memory resident computer virus, known for its technique of "patchy infection".  This method of infection is very similar to that which is utilised by the OneHalf computer virus. According to Vesselin Bontchev, Bomber was created by Bulgarian virus writer the Dark Avenger.

Bomber was not encrypted. Contrary to the usual method of infecting executables (which is to append virus body to the executable and to change the entry point), it inserts several fragments ("patches") of its code in random places inside the file. These fragments transfer control to each other using various mechanisms.

The method of infection makes the detection of the virus difficult by anti-virus programs, and it means that they would have to scan the file in its entirety in order to detect the virus.

The size of the Bomber executable is approximately 4096 bytes and contains the following text:
Birpur, Nepal
Birpur  is a town in Shivaraj Municipality in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. The former village development committee was transformed into Municipality from 18 May 2014 by merging the existing Birpur, Nepal, Chanai, Bishunpur, Jawabhari and Shivapur village development committees. At the time of the 2001 Nepal census it had a population of 15255 people living in 1209 individual households.

Chanai
not to be confused with Chennai, India

Chanai  is a town in Shivaraj Municipality  in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. The former village development committee was transformed into Municipality from 18 May 2014 by merging the existing Birpur, Nepal, Chanai, Bishunpur, Jawabhari and Shivapur village development committees. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 6141 people living in 1023 individual households.