hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cruzeiro, Federal District
Cruzeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɾuˈzei.ɾu]) is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by SIA and Brasília to the north, and Sudoeste/Octogonal to the southeast. Created in 1959, Cruzeiro is divided into two broad sections: the original town, Cruzeiro Velho, made up mostly of one- and two-story houses, and Cruzeiro Novo, made up of several similar four-story buildings since 1970. Cruzeiro has a total area of 319.3 hectares. As of 2018, the region has an estimated 31,079 inhabitants.

Setor de Indústria e Abastecimento
Setor de Indústria e Abastecimento is an administrative region in the Federal District in Brazil. It is bordered by Brasília to the north and northeast, Cruzeiro and Sudoeste/Octogonal to the east, Guará and Vicente Pires to the south, and SCIA to the west. Setor de Indústria e Abastecimento is, alongside SCIA, an industrial hub in the Federal District, being host to various industries such as construction, logistics, and commerce. Setor de Indústria e Abastecimento was founded on April 21, 1969, receiving the status of administrative region, according to Law 3618, of July 14, 2005.
Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone
Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 惠州大亚湾经济技术开发区) is state-level economic development zone in 1993. The zone has a developed area of 6.98 square kilometres. It is situated in the north-eastern part of Daya Bay, located in Huizhou, Guangdong, facing the South China Sea and Shenzhen. The pillar industries include electronic and information, metals, energy, paper, petrochemical and warehousing.

Huizhou
Huizhou (Chinese: 惠州) is a city in east-central Guangdong Province, China, forty-three miles north of Hong Kong. Huizhou borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the west, Shenzhen and Dongguan to the southwest, Shaoguan to the north, Heyuan to the northeast, Shanwei to the east, and Daya Bay of the South China Sea to the south. As of the 2020 census, the city has about 6,042,852 inhabitants and is administered as a prefecture-level city. Huizhou's core metropolitan area, which is within Huicheng and Huiyang Districts, is home to around 2,090,578 inhabitants.
Ryders Alley Trencher-fed Society
Ryders Alley Trencher-fed Society (R.A.T.S.) is a New York City group founded in the 1990s that conducts organized rat catching with ratting dogs. The group was named by founding member Richard Reynolds after Ryders Alley in Manhattan, which was once rat infested, and the trencher-fed pack assembled to hunt. The group often hunts in Lower Manhattan locations like Theatre Alley where garbage is accessible to vermin.

The group responds to calls from citizens, including homeless whom they call their "intelligence network". In 2017, New York City councilmember Eric Ulrich called upon the group to eradicate rats in Ozone Park, Queens and awarded them for their efforts. The dogs each received a "Vigilante Award" from the New York City Council, a dog bone, and beef jerky treats.

Ratter (dog)
A  ratter is any dog used for catching and killing rats and similar vermin. Specialized rat-catching breeds are found in many countries. A typical ratter is small to medium-sized and has a short and smooth coat; however, a wide range of dog breeds and landraces may be used. The use of ratting dogs is widely considered to be the most environmentally friendly, humane and efficient methods of exterminating rodents. Ratting dogs are considered more efficient than domestic cats.
1Password
1Password is a password manager developed by the Canadian software company AgileBits Inc. It supports multiple platforms such as iOS, Android, Windows, Linux, and macOS. It provides a place for users to store various passwords, software licenses, and other sensitive information in a virtual vault that is locked with a PBKDF2-guarded master password. By default, the user’s encrypted vault is hosted on 1Password’s servers for a monthly fee.

Password manager
A password manager is a software program that prevents password fatigue by automatically generating, autofilling, and storing passwords. They are useful for local applications or web applications such as online shops or social media. Web browsers tend to have a built-in password manager. Password managers typically require a user to create and remember a single password to unlock to access the stored passwords. Password managers can integrate multi-factor authentication and passkey authentication.
Placerville Mountain Democrat
The Placerville Mountain Democrat (known locally as the Mountain Democrat or simply the Democrat) is the newspaper of El Dorado County, California, based in Placerville and is the oldest continuously published newspaper in the State of California. The Democrat is owned by McNaughton Newspapers, Inc. The publisher is Richard Esposito and editor is Krysten Kellum.

El Dorado County, California
El Dorado County (/ˌɛl dəˈrɑːdoʊ/ ⓘ; El Dorado, Spanish for "The Golden one"), officially the County of El Dorado, is a county located in the U.S. state of California, named after the mythical city of El Dorado.
As of the 2020 census, the population was 191,185. The county seat is Placerville. The county is part of the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located entirely in the Sierra Nevada, from the historic Gold Country in the western foothills to the High Sierra in the east. El Dorado County's population has grown as Greater Sacramento has expanded into the region. Where the county line crosses US 50 at Clarksville, the distance to Sacramento is 15 miles (24 km). In the county's high altitude eastern end at Lake Tahoe, environmental awareness and environmental protection initiatives have grown along with the population since the 1960 Winter Olympics, hosted at the former Squaw Valley Ski Resort in neighboring Placer County.
Mount Kumgang
Mount Kumgang (Korean: 금강산; lit. Diamond Mountain) or the Kumgang Mountains is a mountain massif, with a 1,638-metre-high (5,374 ft) peak, in Kangwŏn Province, North Korea. It is located on the east coast of the country, in an area of Kangwŏn Province formerly known as the Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, and is part of the Taebaek mountain range which runs along the east of the Korean Peninsula. The mountain is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the South Korean city of Sokcho in Gangwon Province. In 2025, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Taebaek Mountains
The Taebaek Mountains (Korean: 태백산맥) are a mountain range that stretches across North Korea and South Korea. They form the main ridge of the Korean peninsula. The mountain range is the source of the Han River, which flows through Seoul, as well as the Nakdong River, the longest river in South Korea, which passes through Daegu and Busan, making it one of the most important geographical features in South Korea and the Korean Peninsula as a whole. The mountain range extends 500 to 600 kilometers, from the area near the city of Wonsan in North Korea, to the Yeongnam Alps in the south and beyond.
Polly of the Circus (1917 film)
Polly of the Circus is a 1917 American silent drama film notable as the first film produced by Samuel Goldwyn after founding his studio Goldwyn Pictures. This film starred Mae Marsh, usually an actress for D.W. Griffith, but now under contract to Goldwyn for a series of films. The film was based on the 1907 Broadway play Polly of the Circus by Margaret Mayo which starred Mabel Taliaferro. Presumably when MGM remade Polly of the Circus in 1932 with Marion Davies, they still owned the screen rights inherited from the 1924 merger by Marcus Loew of the Metro, Goldwyn, and Louis B. Mayer studios. This film marks the first appearance of Slats, the lion mascot of Goldwyn Pictures and (after the company's 1924 merger) Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Prints and/or fragments were found in the Dawson Film Find in 1978.

Goldwyn Pictures
Goldwyn Pictures Corporation was an American motion picture production company that operated from 1916 to 1924 when it was merged with two other production companies to form the major studio, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was founded on November 19, 1916, by Samuel Goldfish (who later changed his name to Goldwyn), an executive at Lasky's Feature Play Company, and Broadway producer brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, using an amalgamation of both last names to name the company.

The studio proved moderately successful, but became most famous due to its iconic Leo the Lion trademark. Although Metro was the nominal survivor, the merged studio inherited Goldwyn's old facility in Culver City, California, where it would remain until 1986. The merged studio also retained Goldwyn's Leo the Lion logo.

Lee Shubert of The Shubert Organization was an investor in the company.
Metro Junior A Hockey League
The Metro Junior "A" Hockey League was a junior level ice hockey league based out of Southern Ontario. The league originated in 1956 as the Metro Junior "B" Hockey League, which lasted until 1991, when it changed its designation from Junior B to Junior A. It remained a Jr. A league from 1991 until 1998 when it was absorbed by the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.

Mississauga Chargers
The Mississauga Chargers are a Junior "A" ice hockey team from Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.  They are a part of the Ontario Junior A Hockey League.  They are the product of a 1990 merger of two former Metro Junior B franchises, the Thornhill Thunderbirds and the Markham Connection.  After the 1990 merger the team spent one year in Markham known as the Markham Thunderbirds, and in 1991 they returned to their Thornhill Thunderbirds name for one season.  In 1992, the team moved to Mississauga.  As a member of the Metro Junior A Hockey League they participated for 3 seasons.  They left for the OPJHL in 1995. They have had a glim past few years, but in the 2007–08 season they saw a rare light when team captain Bruce Crawford lead the entire OPJHL in scoring (41-57-98).
The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself
The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave, Now an Inhabitant of Canada, as Narrated by Himself is a slave narrative written by Josiah Henson, who would later become famous for being the basis of the title character from Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Life of Josiah Henson, published in 1849, is Henson's first work but was dictated to Samuel A. Eliot, who was a former Boston Mayor known for his anti-slavery views. Although Henson was an accomplished orator, he had not yet learned to read and write. The narrative provides a detailed description of his life as a slave in the south.

Uncle Tom
Uncle Tom is the title character of Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The character was seen in the Victorian era as a ground-breaking literary attack against the dehumanization of slaves. Tom is a deeply religious Christian preacher to his fellow slaves who uses nonresistance, but who accepts being flogged to death rather than violate the plantation's code of silence by informing against the route being used by two women who have just escaped from slavery. However, the character also came to be criticized for allegedly being inexplicably kind to white slaveowners, especially based on his portrayal in pro-compassion dramatizations. This led to the use of Uncle Tom — sometimes shortened to just a Tom — as a derogatory epithet for an exceedingly subservient person or house negro, particularly one accepting and uncritical of their own lower-class status.
Richard Buck (chaplain)
Reverend Richard Buck was a minister to the Colony of Virginia  at Jamestown, Virginia from 1610 to 1624.  He was chaplain of the first session of the Virginia General Assembly, which was composed of the House of Burgesses and the Virginia Governor's Council. This assembly met in the church at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, as the first elected assembly and law making body in colonial America.

John Rolfe
John Rolfe (c. 1585 – March 1622) was an English explorer, farmer and merchant. He is best known for being the husband of Pocahontas and the first settler in the colony of Virginia to successfully cultivate a tobacco crop for export.

He played a crucial role in the Virginia Colony's early economy by introducing a sweeter strain of tobacco from Trinidad, which became a profitable cash crop. Rolfe married Pocahontas, daughter of Native American leader Powhatan, and they had a son named Thomas. Rolfe and Pocahontas traveled to England in 1616 to promote colonization and investment in Virginia. After Pocahontas died, Rolfe returned to Virginia and continued working with tobacco. The tobacco strain cultivated by Rolfe laid the foundation for Virginia's thriving tobacco industry.
2011 SaskTel Tankard
The 2011 SaskTel Tankard was held February 2–6 at the Battleford Curling Club in North Battleford, Saskatchewan. The winning Pat Simmons team (skipped by Steve Laycock) represented Saskatchewan at the 2011 Tim Hortons Brier in London, Ontario.

2011 Tim Hortons Brier
The 2011 Tim Hortons Brier, the Canadian men's national curling championship, was held March 5 until March 13, 2011 at the John Labatt Centre in London, Ontario. This event marked the 30th time that the province of Ontario has hosted the Brier since it began in 1927 in Toronto, Ontario and the first time a Bronze Medal Game was added to the playoffs.

In the final, Manitoba's Jeff Stoughton defeated Ontario's Glenn Howard 8–6. Team Manitoba were nearly perfect in the game, curling a record 96%. The team led 4–2 after 5, and stole two points in the sixth to take a 6–2 lead, after Howard was light on a draw. Stoughton's win was the first win for Manitoba in 12 years, when he last won the event, and was the 27th title for the province. A total of 8,261 spectators were on hand to watch the final. Team Stoughton went on to represent Canada at the 2011 World Men's Curling Championship, where they won the gold medal.
Arthur Kinoy
Arthur Kinoy (September 20, 1920 – September 19, 2003) was an American attorney and progressive civil rights leader who helped defend Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.  He served as a professor of law at the Rutgers School of Law–Newark from 1964 to 1999. He was one of the founders in 1966 of the Center for Constitutional Rights in New York City, and successfully argued a number of cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.  He also founded the Public Interest Law Center of New Jersey.

Frank Donner (lawyer)
Frank Donner (November 25, 1911 – June 10, 1993) was a civil liberties lawyer, author, and the director of the American Civil Liberties Union's (ACLU) Project on Political Surveillance, whose clients included Morton Sobell (fellow accused in the Julius and Ethel Rosenberg case) and William Albertson.
Count data
In statistics, count data is a statistical data type describing countable quantities, data which can take only the counting numbers, non-negative integer values {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}, and where these integers arise from counting rather than ranking.  The statistical treatment of count data is distinct from that of binary data, in which the observations can take only two values, usually represented by 0 and 1, and from ordinal data, which may also consist of integers but where the individual values fall on an arbitrary scale and only the relative ranking is important.

Binary data
Binary data is data whose unit can take on only two possible states. These are often labelled as 0 and 1 in accordance with the binary numeral system and Boolean algebra.

Binary data occurs in many different technical and scientific fields, where it can be called by different names including bit (binary digit) in computer science, truth value in mathematical logic and related domains and binary variable in statistics.
Integer programming
An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear.

Integer programming is NP-complete (the difficult part is showing the NP membership). In particular, the special case of 0–1 integer linear programming, in which unknowns are binary, and only the restrictions must be satisfied, is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems.

If some decision variables are not discrete, the problem is known as a mixed-integer programming problem.

Karp's 21 NP-complete problems
In computational complexity theory, Karp's 21 NP-complete problems are a set of computational problems which are NP-complete. In his 1972 paper, "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", Richard Karp used Stephen Cook's 1971 theorem that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete (also called the Cook–Levin theorem) to show that there is a polynomial time many-one reduction from the Boolean satisfiability problem to each of 21 combinatorial and graph theoretical computational problems, thereby showing that they are all NP-complete. This was one of the first demonstrations that many natural computational problems occurring throughout computer science are computationally intractable, and it drove interest in the study of NP-completeness and the P versus NP problem.
Calea Ferată din Moldova
Calea Ferată din Moldova (abbreviated as CFM) is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country. The total length of the network managed by CFM (as of 2009) is 1,232 kilometres (766 mi), of which 1,218 kilometres (757 mi) are 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) (broad gauge), and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) are 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (standard gauge). The entire network is single track and is not electrified. It borders the Romanian railway network, with a 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in)/1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) break-of-gauge in the west, and the Ukrainian one in the east.

Calea Ferată din Moldova (literally "Railway of Moldova" in Romanian) came into existence in 1991 as the successor to the former MŽD, a subdivision of SŽD, the Railway system of the Soviet Union.

Bogie exchange
Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the track gauge.  To perform a bogie exchange, a car is converted from one gauge to another by removing the bogies or trucks (the chassis containing the wheels and axles of the car), and installing a new bogie with differently spaced wheels.  It is generally limited to wagons and carriages, though the bogies on diesel locomotives can be exchanged if enough time is available.

The term can also refer to  the rebuilding of rolling-stock for permanent use on another gauge, e.g. the Little Joe electric locomotives intended for the Soviet Union (Russian gauge) which were rebuilt for use in the United States, or the New Zealand British Rail Mark 2 carriage  rebuilt for use on the NZR Cape gauge.
Martinsyde Buzzard
The Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard was developed as a powerful and fast biplane fighter for the Royal Air Force (RAF), but the end of the First World War led to the abandonment of large-scale production. Fewer than 400 were eventually produced, with many exported. Of particular note was the Buzzard's high speed, being one of the fastest aircraft developed during World War I.

Hispano-Suiza 8
The Hispano-Suiza 8 is a water-cooled V8 SOHC aero engine introduced by Hispano-Suiza in 1914 that went on to become the most commonly used liquid-cooled engine in the aircraft of the Entente Powers during the First World War. The original Hispano-Suiza 8A was rated at 140 hp (100 kW) and the later, larger displacement Hispano-Suiza 8F reached 330 hp (250 kW).

Hispano-Suiza 8 engines and variants produced by Hispano-Suiza and other companies under licence were built in twenty-one factories in Spain, France, Britain, Italy, and the U.S.  Derivatives of the engine were also used abroad to power numerous aircraft types and the engine can be considered as the ancestor of another successful engine by the same designer, the Hispano-Suiza 12Y (and Soviet Klimov V12 derivative aero-engines) which was in service during the Second World War.
Klevekåpa Mountain
Klevekåpa Mountain (72°2′S 7°37′E﻿ / ﻿72.033°S 7.617°E﻿ / -72.033; 7.617) is an icecapped mountain, 2,910 metres (9,550 ft) high, with an abrupt southeast rock face, standing close northwest of the mouth of Snuggerud Glacier in the Filchner Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Klevekåpa (the closet cloak).

Snuggerud Glacier
Snuggerud Glacier (72°7′S 7°52′E﻿ / ﻿72.117°S 7.867°E﻿ / -72.117; 7.867) is a glacier flowing north-northeast between Klevekapa Mountain and Smaknoltane Peaks in the Filchner Mountains of Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60), and named for J. Snuggerud, radio mechanic with Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–58).
Elías Wessin y Wessin
Elías Wessin y Wessin (July 22, 1924 – April 18, 2009) was a Dominican politician and air force general. Wessin led the military coup which ousted the government of Dominican President Juan Bosch in 1963, replacing it with a triumvirate. He was also a key figure in the ensuing Dominican Civil War, which led to a United States military intervention into and occupation of the Dominican Republic in 1965.

Juan Bosch (politician)
Juan Emilio Bosch y Gaviño (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001), also known as El Profesor (Spanish for the Teacher), was a Dominican politician, historian, writer, essayist, educator, and the first democratically elected president of the Dominican Republic for seven months in 1963.

Juan Bosch was a leading opponent against the dictatorial regime of Rafael Trujillo, spending over two decades as the leader of the Dominican opposition while in exile. In 1939, he helped found the Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) and returned to the Dominican Republic months after Trujillo's assassination in 1961, winning the first free elections in decades. In 1973, he founded the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD). He is remembered as an honest politician and regarded as one of the most prominent short-story writers in Dominican literature.
Sayyid dynasty
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years. The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah, which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.

Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi
Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi (nisba of Sirhind in Punjab) was a 15th century Indian Muslim historian who wrote Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi, a Persian language chronicle of the Delhi Sultanate. Written during the reign of Mubarak Shah, his work is an important source of information for the Sayyid dynasty.
Borough 2 (Düsseldorf)
Borough 2 (German: Stadtbezirk 2) is a borough of Düsseldorf, the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The borough covers an area of 7.15 square kilometres and (as of December 2020) has about 64,000 inhabitants.

Borough 2 is the smallest of all boroughs in Düsseldorf and next to the central city borough 1, it is the only of Düsseldorf's boroughs to not touch the city limits. Starting clockwise from North-west to South-west, Borough 2 borders with the following Düsseldorf boroughs: 1, 6, 7, 8 and 3.

Borough 6 (Düsseldorf)
Borough 6 (German: Stadtbezirk 6) is a northern borough of Düsseldorf, the state capital of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The borough covers an area of 19.63 square kilometres and (as of December 2020) has about 67,000 inhabitants. The borough borders with the Düsseldorf boroughs 1, 2, 5 and 7. To the Northeast the borough borders with the rural district of Mettmann.