hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dai Zhuang language
Dai Zhuang or Thu Lao is a Tai language spoken in Yunnan, China and northern Vietnam. In China is it spoken in Yanshan, Wenshan, Maguan, Malipo, Guangnan counties of Wenshan Prefecture. It is also spoken in Honghe Prefecture. The largest concentrations are in Wenshan (50% of total Zhuang population) and Yanshan (20% of total Zhuang population) counties (Johnson 2011b).

Tai languages
The Tai languages (/ˈtaɪ/ TIE), also known as Zhuang–Tai and Daic languages (/ˈdaɪ.ɪk/ DYE-ik), are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family. The Tai languages include the most widely spoken of the Tai–Kadai languages, including Standard Thai, or Siamese, the national language of Thailand; Lao or Laotian, the national language of Laos; Myanmar's Shan language; and Zhuang, a major language in the Southwestern China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, spoken by the Zhuang people (壯), the largest minority ethnic group in China, with a population of 15.55 million, living mainly in Guangxi, the rest scattered across Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces.
Mid-Columbia Libraries
Mid-Columbia Libraries is a library system in Eastern Washington. There were 270,125 people in its service area in 2023, which spans the Tri-Cities metropolitan area except for Richland, which retains a city library: West Richland, Kennewick, and Pasco, and surrounding Benton, Franklin, and parts of Adams Counties are part of Mid-Columbia. It was founded in 1948, originally to serve patrons in unincorporated parts of the counties.

As of 2025, the cities of Kennewick, Benton City, Connell, Mesa, and Kahlotus have annexed into the district, while Pasco, West Richland, and Prosser have contracts with the district. In 2025, Mid-Columbia Libraries entered into a reciprocal borrowing agreement with the Richland Public Library, Walla Walla County Rural Library District, Walla Walla Public Library, and Columbia County Rural Library District.

Pasco, Washington
Pasco (/ˈpæskoʊ/ PAS-koh) is a city in and the county seat of Franklin County, Washington, United States. The population was 77,108 at the 2020 census, and estimated at 81,724 in 2024.
Pasco is one of three cities (the others being Kennewick and Richland) that make up Washington state's Tri-Cities region, a mid-sized metropolitan area of approximately 303,622 people.
Paul Ramsey Hawley
Paul Ramsey Hawley (January 31, 1891 – November 24, 1965) was an American physician who served as command surgeon of the European Theater of Operations, United States Army from January 1942 to May 1945. After the war, he was appointed as medical director of the U.S. Veterans Administration and chief executive officer of Blue Cross/Blue Shield.

Walter Reed Army Medical Center
The Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), officially known as Walter Reed General Hospital (WRGH) until 1951, was the U.S. Army's flagship medical center from 1909 to 2011. Located on 113 acres (46 ha) in Washington, D.C., it served more than 150,000 active and retired personnel from all branches of the United States Armed Forces. The center was named after Walter Reed, a U.S. Army physician and Major who led the team that confirmed that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes rather than direct physical contact.

Since its origins, medical care at the facility grew from a bed capacity of 80 patients to approximately 5,500 rooms covering more than 28 acres (11 ha) of floor space. WRAMC combined with the National Naval Medical Center at Bethesda, Maryland, in 2011 to form the tri-service Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC). The grounds and historic buildings of the old campus are being redeveloped as The Parks at Walter Reed.
Silent Planet
Silent Planet is an American metalcore band formed in Azusa, California, in 2009.  Their name is derived from C. S. Lewis' science fiction novel Out of the Silent Planet. The group consists of vocalist Garrett Russell, guitarist/clean vocalist Mitchell Stark, drummer Alex Camarena and bassist Nick Pocock. They are currently independent and have released five studio albums. Their latest studio album, Superbloom, was released on November 3, 2023.

Invent Animate
Invent Animate (previously stylized as Invent, Animate) is an American metalcore band formed in Port Neches, Texas, in 2011. The group consists of vocalist Marcus Vik, lead guitarist Keaton Goldwire, rhythm guitarist Trey Celaya, bassist Caleb Sherraden, and drummer Brody Taylor Smith. They self-released their debut EP, Waves, on March 13, 2012. After a number of regional tours and increasing popularity in the online djent community, the band signed with Tragic Hero Records in February 2014. The band announced they would release their debut studio album, Everchanger, on August 26, 2014. Their sophomore album, Stillworld, was released on July 8, 2016. Their third album and first with Marcus Vik, Greyview, was released on March 13, 2020. Their most recent studio album, Heavener, was released through their new label, UNFD, on March 17, 2023.
Preston, Idaho
Preston is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States. The population was 5,591 at the 2020 census, up from 5,204 at the 2010 census. The city is the seat of government of Franklin County. It is part of the Logan metropolitan area.

Logan metropolitan area
The Logan Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, consists of two counties – one in Utah and one in Idaho, anchored by the city of Logan. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 125,442 (the Census Bureau estimate for July 1, 2014 placed the population at 131,364). 
As of the 2020 Census, the population had risen to 147,908, and further expanded to an estimated 155,362 as of 2022. The Logan metropolitan area is colloquially called Cache Valley, where most of the population resides.
Tijana Bošković
Tijana Bošković (Serbian Cyrillic: Тијана Бошковић; born 8 March 1997) is a Serbian professional volleyball player of VakıfBank. A left-handed opposite, she has won gold medals with the Serbia women's national volleyball team at the 2018 and 2022 World Championships and the 2017 and 2019 European Championships. She is also a two-time Olympic medalist, having won silver at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and bronze at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

Considered one of the world's best volleyball players, Bošković has been a key member of the Serbian team's offense since her debut with the national team in 2014. She was selected as the European Volleyball Confederation Female Volleyball Player of the Year for three consecutive years, in 2017, 2018, and 2019.

Bošković has broken several records for spike and serve speed in women's indoor volleyball. She currently holds the second- and fourth-fastest spike speed records, at 110.3 and 107.5 kilometers per hour respectively.

2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
The 2016 FIVB Women's Club World Championship was the 10th edition of the event. It was held for the first time in the Philippines, on 18–23 October 2016 at the SM Mall of Asia Arena. For the first time, eight teams competed, including four wild cards.

The Philippine Super Liga and Eventcourt was in charge of organizing the tournament, together with the Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. (LVPI), the national federation for volleyball.

Turkey's Eczacıbaşı VitrA defeated Italy's Pomì Casalmaggiore in the final to become the first team in history to claim the title a second time after their 2015 success. Vakıfbank İstanbul defeated Voléro Zürich in the bronze medal match. Serbian Tijana Bošković from Eczacıbaşı was elected the Most Valuable Player.
Roberto Nicolosi
Roberto Nicolosi (November 16, 1914 – April 4, 1989) was an Italian jazz double-bassist and leader born in Genoa.

Nicolosi learned piano, violin, guitar, trumpet, and vibraphone in addition to the bass, and worked extensively as an arranger, including for Kramer Gorni and Aldo Rossi. He led his own ensembles in the 1950s which included Franco Cerri, Gil Cuppini, Oscar Valdambrini, and Glauco Masetti. He also composed film scores in the 1950s and 1960s.

Aldo Rossi (musician)
Aldo Rossi (1911-1979) was an Italian jazz reedist and bandleader born in Milan.

Rossi performed and recorded with Kramer Gorni's orchestra in the middle of the 1930s, and also played in small ensembles led by Enzo Ceragioli and Cosimo Di Ceglie. In the mid-1940s he founded a large ensemble called the Orchestra del Momento, in which he and Gorni shared bandleadership. Giorgio Gaslini, Eraldo Volonte, and Roberto Nicolosi all played in Rossi's orchestra, which recorded for Fonit Records on multiple occasions.
Presidential dollar coins
Presidential dollar coins (authorized by Pub. L. 109–145 (text) (PDF), 119 Stat. 2664, enacted December 22, 2005) are a series of United States dollar coins with engravings of relief portraits of U.S. presidents on the obverse and the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) on the reverse.

From 2007 to 2011, presidential dollar coins were minted for circulation in large numbers, resulting in an ample stockpile of unused $1 coins. From 2012 to 2016, new coins in the series were minted only for collectors.  A new coin was released on December 4, 2020, to honor George H. W. Bush, who died after the original program ended.

United States Mint
The United States Mint is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury responsible for producing coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce, as well as controlling the movement of bullion. The U.S. Mint is one of two U.S. agencies that manufactures physical money. The other is the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, which prints paper currency. The first United States Mint was created in Philadelphia in 1792, and was soon joined by other centers, whose coins were identified by their own mint marks. There are currently four active coin-producing mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco, and West Point.
Bolko II the Small
Bolko II the Small (c. 1312 – 28 July 1368), was the last independent Duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia. He was Duke of Świdnica from 1326, Duke of Jawor and Lwówek from 1346, Duke of Lusatia from 1364, Duke over half of Brzeg and Oława from 1358, Duke of Siewierz from 1359, and Duke over half of Głogów and Ścinawa from 1361.

He was the oldest son of Bernard, Duke of Świdnica, by his wife Kunigunde, daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high, Duke of Kuyavia and, from 1320, King of Poland. Like his grandfather, King Elbow-high, Bolko II was of small stature; his nickname, "the Small" (Mały), reflects this and was used in contemporary sources.

Kunigunde of Poland
Kunigunde of Poland (Kunegunda) (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331) was a daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high and his wife Jadwiga of Greater Poland. Her siblings included, Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth, Queen of Hungary. She was a member of the House of Piast.
Molly Huddle
Molly Huddle (born August 31, 1984) is an American long-distance runner who competes in track and cross country running events. She held the American record in the 5000 meters set in 2014 in Monaco (14:42.64), which has since been lowered by Shannon Rowbury, Shelby Houlihan and Alicia Monson. Huddle held also the American record in the 10,000 meters set at the 2016 Rio Olympics with a time of 30:13.17, which has since been lowered by Alicia Monson.

In 2019 at the London Marathon, she lowered her personal best to 2:26:33, finishing 12th.

New York City Half Marathon
The New York City Half Marathon (branded as the United Airlines NYC Half) is an annual half marathon road running race held since 2006 in New York City, United States. It connects Brooklyn's Prospect Park with Manhattan's Central Park via the Manhattan Bridge, passing through or by Times Square, Grand Central, and both Grand Army Plazas. New York Road Runners (NYRR) administers the race.
Mount Formidable
Mount Formidable is a mountain in the North Cascades of Skagit County, in Washington state. Its first ascent was undertaken by members of the original Ptarmigan Traverse.: 265–267  It was named by early mountaineer Herman Ulrichs in 1935 because of the rugged appearance of its north face.: 265–267  The peak can be accessed from Cascade Pass via the Ptarmigan Traverse.

Ptarmigan Traverse
Ptarmigan Traverse is an alpine climbing route in the  North Cascades of Washington state. The route, from Cascade Pass to Dome Peak, is generally remote, unmarked, and challenging, traversing rugged terrain and several glaciers.
Hemswell Cliff
Hemswell Cliff is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A631 road between Caenby Corner and Gainsborough and on the Lincoln Cliff escarpment. The civil parish also includes the western part of the hamlet of Spital-in-the-Street on the A15 road (Ermine Street).  According to the 2001 Census the parish had a population of 683.

Hemswell Cliff Primary School is in the village.

A631 road
The A631 is a road running from Sheffield, South Yorkshire to Louth, Lincolnshire in England. It passes through the counties of South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire. The road has many towns on its route including Rotherham, Maltby, Gainsborough and Market Rasen. It is mostly single road throughout its length but has some stretches of dual carriageway as well.
Row and column spaces
In linear algebra, the column space (also called the range or image) of a matrix A is the span (set of all possible linear combinations) of its column vectors. The column space of a matrix is the image or range of the corresponding matrix transformation.

Let  be a field. The column space of an m × n matrix with components from  is a linear subspace of the m-space .  The dimension of the column space is called the rank of the matrix and is at most min(m, n). A definition for matrices over a ring  is also possible.

The row space is defined similarly.

The row space and the column space of a matrix A are sometimes denoted as C(AT) and C(A) respectively.

This article considers matrices of real numbers.  The row and column spaces are subspaces of the real spaces  and  respectively.

Orthogonal complement
In the mathematical fields of linear algebra and functional analysis, the orthogonal complement of a subspace  of a vector space  equipped with a bilinear form  is the set  of all vectors in  that are orthogonal to every vector in .  Informally, it is called the perp, short for perpendicular complement. It is a subspace of .
Inheritance (2006 film)
Inheritance is a 2006 American documentary film about Monika Hertwig, also known as Monika Christiane Knauss, the daughter of Ruth Irene Kalder and Amon Göth, commandant of the Płaszów concentration camp. Monika Hertwig was 10 months old when her father was hanged in 1946 for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. She discovered the truth about him only as a young adult, because her own mother told her in childhood that he was a good man and a war hero. The film centers around her meeting a Holocaust survivor, Helen Jonas-Rosenzweig, who was interned at Płaszów and personally knew Göth.

The film was produced for PBS by James Moll, film director, documentary producer and the Founding Executive Director of the USC Shoah Foundation Institute focusing on testimonies of the Holocaust survivors. In 2009, Inheritance was nominated by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and received an Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Interview.

Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp
Plaszow (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpwaʂof]), officially named Plaszow concentration camp near Krakow (German: Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau), was a German Nazi concentration camp operated by the SS in the area of Podgórze and Wola Duchacka near Płaszów, a southern suburb of Kraków, in the General Governorate of German-occupied Poland. Most of the prisoners were Polish Jews who were targeted for destruction by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Many prisoners died because of executions, forced labor, and the poor conditions in the camp. The camp was evacuated in January 1945, before the Red Army's liberation of the area on 20 January.
Subaru Levorg
The Subaru Levorg (Japanese: スバル・レヴォーグ, Hepburn: Subaru Revuōgu) is a mid-size car manufactured since 2014 by Subaru. According to the company, the name Levorg is a blended word or portmanteau of three words: LEgacy, reVOlution and touRinG. The first Levorg shares its platform with the Impreza/WRX and the Legacy. The second generation Levorg sits on the Subaru Global Platform used by the majority of Subaru's family cars.

The Levorg was first shown as a pre-production concept car at the 43rd Tokyo Motor Show in November 2013. Subaru began collecting orders on the Japanese market on 4 January 2014, and the car went on sale in May. In February 2015, Subaru announced the introduction of the Levorg on the European market, and the car made its première on the continent at the Geneva Motor Show in March of the same year.

Subaru FB engine
The Subaru FB engine is the third generation of gasoline boxer-4 engine used in Subaru automobiles, and was announced on 23 September 2010. It follows the previous generation EJ-series engine which was introduced in 1989 and the first generation EA-series which was introduced in 1966. By increasing piston stroke and decreasing piston bore, Subaru aimed to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy, while increasing and broadening torque output compared to the EJ-series.

The Subaru FA engine series was derived later from the FB, but the two engine families share only a few common parts. In 2020, Subaru introduced the CB18 engine with improved efficiency to succeed the FB in several applications.
Indian Creek, Florida
Indian Creek is a village, gated community, and man-made barrier island in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It has 41 residential home sites and the Indian Creek Country Club which takes up most of the land on the island. The village is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The concentration of highly affluent people on the island has earned it the nickname "Billionaire Bunker". The population was 84 at the 2020 census. The village has its own government and law enforcement.

Surfside, Florida
Surfside is a town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Surfside is a primarily residential beachside community, with several multistory condominium buildings adjacent to Surfside Beach on the Atlantic Ocean. The town is bordered on the south by the North Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, on the north by Bal Harbour, on the west by Biscayne Bay, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. It also serves as part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 5,689 as of the 2020 census.
Colby, Isle of Man
Colby (Manx: Colby) is a small village in the south of the Isle of Man in the parish of Arbory. It lies on the A7 road between the towns of Castletown and Port Erin and close to the similarly sized village of Ballabeg.

Port Erin
Port Erin (Manx: Purt Çhiarn 'lord's port' or originally 'Irish port') is a seaside village in the south-west of the Isle of Man, in the historic parish of Rushen. It was previously a seaside resort before the decline of the tourist trade. Administratively it is designated as a village district, with its own board of Commissioners. The district covers around 1 square mile, and is adjacent to: Port St Mary to the south-east; the main part of Arbory and Rushen parish district to the north and east; the sea to the west; and an exclave of Arbory and Rushen parish district (including the village of Cregneash) to the south. Following recent residential expansion, the settlement is now contiguous with that of Port St Mary, and on 18 July 2018 Tynwald authorised a public enquiry into the proposed expansion of the district boundary to include some of this expansion.

The village was twinned with Latour-de-France.
Daniel Lascelles (1714–1784)
Daniel Lascelles (1714–1784) was a plantation owner, merchant and politician who sat in the British House of Commons  from 1752 to 1780.

Born in Barbados and baptised at St Michael's, 20 May 1714 he resided at Goldsborough Hall near Knaresborough Yorkshire which estate he purchased about 1756.

The second son of Henry Lascelles (1690–1753) and his first wife, Mary Carter he represented the constituency of Northallerton from 3 April 1752, succeeding his father, to 1780 when he stood down in favour of his elder brother Edwin (1713-1795) who later became 1st Baron Harewood.

He was a partner in the firm of Lascelles and Maxwell, sugar factors, of Mark Lane, London; which, following the death of George Maxwell in 1763 became Lascelles Clarke and Daling.

Daniel married Elizabeth Southwick from whom he was divorced in 1751. He had no legitimate children. He died in Pall Mall London 24 May 1784.

Goldsborough Hall
Goldsborough Hall is a Jacobean stately home in the village of Goldsborough, North Yorkshire, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association. The house itself is a Grade II* listed building. The Hall was built for Sir Richard Hutton (1560–1639) after he acquired the Goldsborough Estate in 1598, and in the 20th century it was home to Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood, as her first family home.

The original building still stands and is now a hotel and restaurant. The Hall and its gardens are open to the public only on certain days in the year.
Beemerville, New Jersey
Beemerville is an unincorporated community located within Wantage Township in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Space Farms Zoo and Museum, established in 1927, is a combination of a natural environment for animals and historical museum located on County Route 519 in Beemerville.

Wantage Township, New Jersey
Wantage Township (pronounced WHAN-tij) is a township in Sussex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 10,811, a decrease of 547 (−4.8%) from the 2010 census count of 11,358, which in turn reflected an increase of 971 (+9.3%) from the 10,387 counted in the 2000 census.

Wantage Township was formed as a precinct on May 30, 1754, from portions of Newton Township. It was incorporated as a township on February 21, 1798, as part of the state's initial group of 104 townships. Boundary exchanges were made with Frankford Township in both 1826 and 1834. Portions of the township were taken on October 14, 1891, to form the Borough of Deckertown (renamed Sussex borough in 1902). The township was named for Wantage, England.
Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of an ocean, generally at latitudes from 50°N to 70°N, poleward of the humid continental climates. Like other Class D climates, they are rare in the Southern Hemisphere, only found at some isolated highland elevations. Subarctic or boreal climates are the source regions for the cold air that affects temperate latitudes to the south in winter. These climates represent Köppen climate classification Dfc, Dwc, Dsc, Dfd, Dwd and  Dsd.

Southcentral Alaska
Southcentral Alaska, also known as the Gulf Coast Region, is the portion of the U.S. state of Alaska consisting of the shorelines and uplands of the central Gulf of Alaska.  More than half of the state's entire population lives in this region, concentrated in and around the city of Anchorage. The region is  Alaska’s best-connected region, with the Port of Anchorage, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, and the Alaska Railroad servicing the area.

The area includes Cook Inlet, the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, the Kenai Peninsula, Prince William Sound, and the Copper River Valley.  Tourism, fisheries, and petroleum production are important economic activities.