hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306 (1950), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States set forth the constitutional requirements for notice of judicial proceedings to a potential party under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Notice
Notice is the legal concept describing a requirement that a party be aware of legal process affecting their rights, obligations or duties. There are several types of notice: public notice (or legal notice), actual notice, constructive notice.
Klarenbeek
Klarenbeek is a village in the eastern Netherlands. The village belongs to two municipalities, Apeldoorn and Voorst, with the municipality border situated in the middle of the village.

Klarenbeek is named after an estate situated next to the Klaarbeek. This estate was later also named Klarenbeek. Both Klaarbeek and Klarenbeek translate to "Clear Stream" in English.

Klarenbeek has its own railway station, Klarenbeek railway station, 2 km northeast of the village on the railway line between Apeldoorn and Zutphen. The station can be reached by Buurtbus service. This service connects with the station hourly, from 7am to 6pm. The railway station lies within the borders of the municipality of Voorst.

The village is located along the European hiking route E11, locally known as the Marskramerpad or Handelsweg.

Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn ([ˈaːpəldoːr(ə)n] ⓘ; Dutch Low Saxon: Apeldoorne) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including the villages of Beekbergen, Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley.
40th Division (United Kingdom)
The 40th Division was an infantry division of the British Army active during the First World War, where it served on the Western Front. It was a division of Lord Kitchener's New Army volunteers, mostly "bantam" recruits of below regulation height. It was later briefly reformed as a deception formation in the Second World War, and during the early years of the Cold War was recreated a third time to garrison Hong Kong.

12th (Service) Battalion, Suffolk Regiment (East Anglian)
The 12th (Service) Battalion, Suffolk Regiment (East Anglian) was a 'Bantam' infantry unit recruited as part of 'Kitchener's Army' in World War I. It was raised in the summer of 1915 and served on the Western Front from June 1916, seeing action against the Hindenburg Line and at Bourlon Wood. It was almost destroyed during the German spring offensive of 1918 and was sent back to England to be reconstituted. The reformed battalion then took part in the final advance to victory in Flanders.
After the Night Falls
After The Night Falls is a 2007 collaborative album from Robin Guthrie,  formerly of the Cocteau Twins and ambient artist Harold Budd.  It was released, as a matched CD, on the same day as Before the Day Breaks, also by Guthrie and Budd.

Before the Day Breaks
Before the Day Breaks is a 2007 collaborative album from Robin Guthrie,  formerly of the Cocteau Twins, and ambient artist Harold Budd.  It was released, as a matched CD, on the same day as After the Night Falls, also by Guthrie and Budd.

In December 2007, American webzine Somewhere Cold ranked Before the Day Breaks No. 6 on their 2007 Somewhere Cold Awards Hall of Fame.
Jørn Krab
Jørn Krab (born 3 December 1945 in Haderslev) is a Danish rower who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

He is the older brother of fellow rower Preben Krab.

In 1968 he was a crew member of the Danish boat which won the bronze medal in the coxed pairs event.

Preben Krab
Preben Krab (born 15 July 1952) is a Danish rower who competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Gammel Haderslev, Region of Southern Denmark and is the younger brother of Jørn Krab.

In 1968 he was the coxswain of the Danish boat which won the bronze medal in the coxed pairs event.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Armenia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia (MFA) (Armenian: Հայաստանի արտաքին գործերի նախարարություն, romanized: Hayastani artak’in gortseri nakhararut’yun) is a state body of executive power, which elaborates and implements the foreign policy of the Government of Armenia and organizes and manages diplomatic services. The MFA acts accordingly to the Constitution and legislation of Armenia. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs coordinates the activities of the executive power bodies of the Republic in the international arena. Since 2021, Ararat Mirzoyan has been the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.

Ararat Mirzoyan
Ararat Samveli Mirzoyan (Armenian: Արարատ Սամվելի Միրզոյան; born 23 November 1979) is an Armenian politician currently serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia. Before this, he served as President of the National Assembly of Armenia from January 2019 to August 2021.

As a founding member of the Civil Contract Party, he ran under the Way Out Alliance during the 2017 parliamentary election and was elected to represent the third electoral district, consisting of the Malatia-Sebastia and Shengavit neighbourhoods of Yerevan.
Effiduase
Effiduase is a town and is the capital of Sekyere East, a district in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The Effiduase is known for the Effiduase Secondary Commercial School now Effiduase Senior High School and effiduasi senior high technical school. The Effiduase Secondary Commercial School is a second cycle institution. The Effiduase chief is Nana Adu Ameyaw II, Chief of the Ashanti sub-traditional council. Effiduase is made up of mostly traders. Effiduase is the district capital of Skyere East District. Effiduase houses the biggest hospital in its Sekyere East district.

Sekyere East District
Sekyere East District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Sekyere District Council. Later, the eastern part of the district was split off to create the 1st Sekyere Afram Plains District on 1 November 2007 (effectively 29 February 2008), with Kumawu as its capital town. However, on 28 June 2012, the Afram Plains area of the district was split off to create the new Sekyere Afram Plains District, with Dobrosno as its capital town; while the remaining part has since then been officially renamed as Sekyere Kumawu District, with Kumawu as its capital town. The district assembly is located in the eastern part of Ashanti Region and has Effiduase as its capital town.
Robert Markowitz
Robert Markowitz (born February 7, 1935, in Irvington, New Jersey) is an American film and television director. He directed episodes of Serpico (1976), Delvecchio (1976-1977), and Amazing Stories (1986), and a number of television films that include A Dangerous Life (1988), Too Young to Die? (1990), Decoration Day (1990), Because Mommy Works (1994), Twilight Zone: Rod Serling's Lost Classics (1994) The Tuskegee Airmen (1995), The Great Gatsby (2000), The Big Heist (2001), The Pilot's Wife (2002), and Word of Honor (2003).

His last directing credit was the TNT television film  Avenger (2006), starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton.

Word of Honor (2003 film)
Word of Honor is a 2003 American drama television film directed by Robert Markowitz, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Nelson DeMille. The film stars Don Johnson, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Sharon Lawrence, John Heard and Arliss Howard. It aired on TNT on December 6, 2003.
Khorat Plateau
The Khorat Plateau (Thai: ที่ราบสูงโคราช; Northeastern Thai: ที่ฮาบสูงโคราช) is a plateau in the northeastern Thai region of Isan. The plateau forms a natural region, named after the short form of Nakhon Ratchasima, a historical barrier controlling access to and from the area.

Chi River
The Chi River (Thai: แม่น้ำชี, RTGS: Maenam Chi, pronounced [mɛ̂ː.náːm tɕʰīː]; Northeastern Thai: แม่น้ำซี, pronounced [mɛ̄ː.nâːm sîː]) is the longest river flowing wholly within Thailand. It is 765 kilometres (475 mi) long but carries less water than the second longest river, the Mun. The name of the river is "Mae Si" ([sîː]) in the Isan and Lao languages of the region, being transliterated as "Chi" in Bangkok-Thai. In wet seasons there are often flash floods in the floodplain of the Chi River basin. The Chi River is a major tributary of the Mun River which then flows into the Mekong.
The Hitcher (2007 film)
The Hitcher is a 2007 American road horror thriller film starring Sean Bean, Sophia Bush and Zachary Knighton. It is a remake of the 1986 film of the same name starring Rutger Hauer, C. Thomas Howell and Jennifer Jason Leigh. The Hitcher was directed by Dave Meyers and produced by Michael Bay’s production company Platinum Dunes.

Zachary Knighton
Zachary Andrew Knighton (born October 25, 1978) is an American actor, best known for starring as Dave Rose on the ABC comedy series Happy Endings from 2011 to 2013 and as Orville "Rick" Wright in the rebooted version of Magnum P.I. from 2018 to 2024. Other notable roles on television include starring roles on ABC's science fiction series FlashForward and in the FOX sitcoms Life on a Stick and Weird Loners.
2014 Washington Nationals season
The 2014 Washington Nationals season was the Nationals' tenth season for the baseball franchise of Major League Baseball in the District of Columbia, the seventh season at Nationals Park, and the 46th since the original team was started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They finished the regular season with a record of 96–66, first place in the National League East and with the best record in the entire National League. However, they lost to the eventual World Series champion San Francisco Giants in the NLDS in four games.

2014 San Francisco Giants season
The 2014 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 132nd year in Major League Baseball, their 57th year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their 15th at AT&T Park. The Giants finished the season in second place in the National League West, but qualified for the playoffs and defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates in the NLWC Game and the Washington Nationals in the NLDS. They defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS in five games and beat the Kansas City Royals in seven games in the World Series, their third World Series win in five years.
Tomashpil
Tomashpil (Ukrainian: Томашпіль, lit. 'city of St. Thomas', Polish: Tomaszpol) is a rural settlement in the eastern Podolia, specifically in Tulchyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast in central Ukraine. Tomashpil is situated on the banks of the Rusava River. Tomashpil is the administrative district of Tomashpil Raion (780 km2), home to 40.608 people scattered over the town and 30 villages around. Population: 5,276 (2022 estimate)

The closest railway station is Vapniarka, 19 km away. It is accessible by taxi or a small bus called a 'Marshrutka'.

Vapniarka
Vapniarka (Ukrainian: Вапнярка), also known as Vapniarca, Vapnyarka, Wapnjarka or Wapniarka, is a rural settlement in Tulchyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. As of January 2022 Vapniarka's population was approximately 7,165.
Reign of Terror (film)
Reign of Terror (reissued as The Black Book) is a 1949 American historical thriller film directed by Anthony Mann from a screenplay by  Aeneas MacKenzie and Philip Yordan, and starring Robert Cummings, Richard Basehart and Arlene Dahl. Set during the French Revolution, the film follows a plot to bring down Maximilien Robespierre and end his bloodthirsty Reign of Terror.

The film was produced by Walter Wanger Productions. Reign of Terror is noted by  critics for applying film noir sensibilities to a period setting. As of 2024, the film is in the public domain in the United States.

The movie was one of Cummings' favorites of his career.

Robert Cummings
Charles Clarence Robert Orville Cummings (June 9, 1910 – December 2, 1990) was an American film and television actor who appeared in roles in comedy films such as The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) and Princess O'Rourke (1943), and in dramatic films, especially two of Alfred Hitchcock's thrillers, Saboteur (1942) and Dial M for Murder (1954). He received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Single Performance in 1955. On February 8, 1960, he received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture and television industries, at 6816 Hollywood Boulevard and 1718 Vine Street. He used the stage name Robert Cummings from mid-1935 until the end of 1954 and was credited as Bob Cummings from 1955 until his death.
M1 (Johannesburg)
The M1 De Villiers Graaff motorway is a metropolitan route and major freeway in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The highway connects the southern areas (including Booysens, Eldorado Park and Soweto) with the city centre and extends further north through Sandton into the Ben Schoeman Highway towards Pretoria. Construction began in 1962 and resulted in the demolition of many properties and houses including numerous historical Parktown Mansions.

De Villiers Graaff
Sir De Villiers "Div" Graaff, 2nd Baronet (8 December 1913 – 4 October 1999) was a South African politician who succeeded his father, Sir David Graaff, to his baronetcy in 1931. He died in 1999 and was succeeded by his son, Sir David de Villiers Graaff, 3rd Baronet.  He was the leader of the centrist United Party which was the official opposition in the then all-white South African Parliament from 1956 to 1977.
Signal (Kanon Wakeshima song)
"Signal" is the fourth single released by Japanese singer and cellist Kanon Wakeshima, and second single from her album, Tsukinami. The song "Signal" was used as the ending of the anime television series Strike the Blood. The song reached number 54 on the Oricon Singles Chart and stayed on the chart for two weeks.

Kanon Wakeshima
Kanon Wakeshima (分島 花音, Wakeshima Kanon; born June 28, 1988) is a Japanese musician and singer. Originally produced by musician and fashion designer Mana, Wakeshima debuted under the DefStar Records label on May 28, 2008 with the single "Still Doll", the ending theme for the anime adaptation of the manga series Vampire Knight. She also provided the voice for a maid that appears in the eighth episode of the series. Wakeshima's second single "Suna no Oshiro", released on November 12, 2008, was used as the ending theme for the series' second season (subtitled Guilty).

She was nominated for a Best Newcomer award for 2008 in the fourth annual Shōjo Beat Music Awards, nominees of which are determined by surveying "record companies, music journalists, music experts, and music fans".
Polizzi Generosa
Polizzi Generosa is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. Located in the Madonie Mountains at an elevation of 917 meters, the town is part of the Madonie Regional Natural Park, a UNESCO Global Geopark recognized for its ecological, geological, and cultural significance.

Madonie Regional Natural Park
The Madonie Regional Natural Park (Italian: Parco delle Madonie) is an Italian regional park located in Sicily, between Palermo and Cefalù and covers 39,972 acres (161.76 square kilometres; 62.46 square miles).
Lexi Zeiss
Lexi Kay Zeiss (born November 4, 2005) is an American artistic gymnast and a former member of the United States national gymnastics team.  She was part of the silver medal winning team at the 2022 Pan American Championships and was the alternate for the gold medal winning team at the 2022 World Championships.

Zoe Miller (gymnast)
Zoe Eliana Miller (born November 11, 2005) is an American artistic gymnast and a former member of the United States women's national gymnastics team. At the 2023 Pan American Games, she won gold medals on the uneven bars and in the team event. She was a member of the team who won gold at the 2023 Pan American Championships and silver at the  2022 Pan American Championships.
Hardeep Grewal (Punjabi actor)
Hardeep Grewal is an Indian singer, lyricist, actor, and film producer associated with the Punjabi music and film industries. He is known for playing lead roles in films like Six Each, Tunka Tunka and Batch 2013.

Six Each
Six Each is a 2025 Indian Punjabi-language crime drama film directed by Garry Khatrao and produced by Hardeep Grewal under Hardeep Grewal Productions and Wanton Productions. The film stars Hardeep Grewal and Mandy Takhar in lead roles, supported by Malkeet Rauni, Sanju Solanki, Amaninder Pal Singh, Harinder Bhullar, Gurpreet Toti, and Sukhdev Barnala. It was released theatrically on 14 March 2025.
Wang Luodan
Wang Luodan (Chinese: 王珞丹, born January 30, 1984) is a Chinese actress. She rose to fame with the TV series Struggle (2007), followed by TV series My Youthfulness (2009) and A Story of Lala's Promotion (2010). Her notable films include Driverless (2010), Caught in the Web (2012), for which she won the Golden Rooster Award for Best Supporting Actress, and The Dead End (2015).

Wang was named by Tencent as one of the "New Four Dan Actresses" in 2009. She ranked 74th on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2014.

Caught in the Web
Caught in the Web (Chinese: 搜索; pinyin: Sōusuǒ) is a 2012 Chinese drama film directed by Chen Kaige. In September 2012 it screened as a special presentation at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Chinese entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.
Snood (video game)
Snood is a puzzle video game programmed by Dave Dobson. Snood was released for Mac OS in 1996 as shareware, then for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows in 1999. An adaptation for Game Boy Advance was developed by Rebellion Developments and released by Destination Software in 2001, and an iOS version was developed by Iron Galaxy and released by EA Mobile on May 8, 2009. Dobson founded Snood, LLC to sell the game.

As in Puzzle Bobble, connecting three or more identical Snoods makes them disappear from the board. When the board is cleared, the level advances. If the Snoods reach the bottom of the screen, a life is lost. Play is not time-limited in most game modes.

Snood sold in excess of 200,000 units. A sequel, Snood 2: On Vacation, was developed by Gravity-i and released by Destination Software for Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS in October and November 2005 respectively.

Puzzle Bobble
Puzzle Bobble, formerly known internationally as Bust-A-Move, is a 1994 tile-matching video game developed and published by Taito for arcades. It is based on the 1986 arcade game Bubble Bobble, featuring characters and themes from that game. Its characteristically cute Japanese animation and music, along with its play mechanics and level designs, made it successful as an arcade title and spawned several sequels and ports to home systems.
Gniewkowo
Gniewkowo (Polish pronunciation: [ɡɲɛfˈkɔvɔ]) is a town in Inowrocław County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland with a population of 7,301 inhabitants (2005). It is located within the historic region of Kuyavia.

Founded in the Middle Ages and first recorded in 1185, from 1314 to 1364 Gniewkowo was the seat of a local line of the Piast dynasty, and then a royal town of Poland. During World War II, it was the site of German Nazi massacres of some 4,000 Poles. It is located on the Polish 353 railway line connecting Poznań with Toruń and Olsztyn.

Inowrocław
Inowrocław (Polish pronunciation: [inɔˈvrɔtswaf] ⓘ; German: Hohensalza; before 1904: Inowrazlaw; archaic: Jungleslau, Junges Leslau, Junge Leszlaw, Yiddish: לעסלא, romanized: Lesle or Lessle) is a city in central Poland with a total population of 68,101 (as of December 2022). It is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is one of the largest and most historically significant cities within the historic region of Kuyavia.

Inowrocław is an industrial town located about 40 kilometres (25 miles) southeast of Bydgoszcz known for its saltwater baths and salt mines. The town is the 5th largest agglomeration in its voivodeship, and is a major railway junction, where the west–east line (Poznań–Toruń) crosses the Polish Coal Trunk-Line from Chorzów to Gdynia.
Martin Savidge
Martin Savidge (born May 27, 1958) is a Canadian-American television news correspondent.

Savidge worked for NBC News and was a special correspondent and former anchor for public television's Worldfocus nightly news program in the role of a special correspondent. He previously worked for WJW, Cleveland, where he also worked with current NBC correspondent Kelly O'Donnell. Savidge began anchoring CNN Newsroom in January 2011.

Worldfocus
Worldfocus is an American newscast focused on international news and reporting. The newscast was originally anchored by Martin Savidge and later hosted by Daljit Dhaliwal. It was produced by WNET New York and distributed to U.S. public television stations by American Public Television. It ceased broadcasting on April 2, 2010.
North Kowloon Magistracy
The North Kowloon Magistracy (北九龍裁判法院, 北九龍裁判司署 before 1 July 1997) is a historic building and former Magistrate's Court located at No. 292, Tai Po Road, Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

The building was erected in 1960 and served the community for over 44 years. The Magistracy used to handle cases in the Kowloon District, which covers Mong Kok, Sham Shui Po, Shek Kip Mei, Cheung Sha Wan and Ho Man Tin, and could be considered one of the busiest in Hong Kong. It was closed in 2005 due to cost saving policy of the government and consolidation of magistracies from nine to six. In February 2009, the government declared that the building would be converted into the Hong Kong campus of the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD). It operated as the SCAD Hong Kong campus from September 2010 until 1 June 2020. The building ownership was returned to the government after the expiry of the tenancy on 1 August 2020.

Sham Shui Po
Sham Shui Po (Chinese: 深水埗) is an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong, situated in the northwestern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, north of Tai Kok Tsui, east of Cheung Sha Wan and south of Shek Kip Mei (石硤尾). It is located in and is the namesake of the Sham Shui Po District.

A predominately lower-income neighborhood, Sham Shui Po is one of the densest and most vibrant neighbourhoods in Hong Kong. It has a diverse mix of migrants from rural China, working-class families and seniors, with many living in cage homes, subdivided flats and public housing estates. Sham Shui Po has many lively street markets, electronics outlets, fabric stores, restaurants and food vendors. It is famous for its Golden Computer Shopping Arcade for bargain electronics and accessories.
Nevada Bell
The Nevada Bell Telephone Company, originally Bell Telephone Company of Nevada, is a Nevada telephone provider and it was the Bell System's telephone provider in Nevada. It only provides telephone services to 30% of the state, essentially all of the state outside Las Vegas, where service is provided by Lumen Technologies. Nevada Bell spent nearly all its history as a subsidiary of Pacific Bell, which is the reason Nevada Bell was not listed in Judge Harold H. Greene's Modification of Final Judgment starting the breakup of the Bell System.

Pacific Bell
The Pacific Bell Telephone Company (Pac Bell) doing business as AT&T California is a telephone company that provides telephone service in California. The company is owned by AT&T through AT&T Teleholdings, and, though separate, is now marketed as “AT&T”.  The company has been known by a number of names during which its service area has changed. The formal name of the company from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. The “Pacific Bell” was phased out of public use in 2002, although it remains the legal name of AT&T's local operating company in California and is still the holder of record for the infrastructure of cables and fiber through much of California.