hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Microbead (research)
Microbeads, also called Ugelstad particles after the Norwegian chemist, professor John Ugelstad, who invented them in 1977 and patented the method in 1978, are uniform polymer particles, typically 0.5 to 500 microns in diameter. Bio-reactive molecules can be absorbed or coupled to their surface, and used to separate biological materials such as cells, proteins, or nucleic acids.

Microbeads have been used for isolation and handling of specific material or molecules, as well as for analyzing sensitive molecules, or those that are in low abundance, e.g. in miniaturized and automated settings.

Microbead
Microbeads are manufactured solid plastic particles of less than one millimeter in their largest dimension. They are most frequently made of polyethylene but can be of other petrochemical plastics such as polypropylene and polystyrene.

They are used in exfoliating personal care products, toothpastes, and in biomedical and health-science research.

Microbeads can cause plastic particle water pollution and pose an environmental hazard for aquatic animals in freshwater and ocean water. In the United States, the Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015 phased out microbeads in rinse-off cosmetics by July 2017. Several other countries have also banned microbeads from rinse-off cosmetics, including Canada, France, New Zealand, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom.
Great Cumbrae
Great Cumbrae (Scottish Gaelic: Cumaradh Mòr) is the larger of the two islands known as The Cumbraes in the lower Firth of Clyde in western Scotland. The island is sometimes called Millport, after its main town.

Home to the Cathedral of The Isles and the FSC Millport field study centre, the island has a resident population of circa 1,300 residents.

The Cumbraes
The Cumbraes are a group of islands in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. The islands belong to the traditional county of Bute and the modern unitary authority of North Ayrshire.

The main islands in the group are:

Great Cumbrae

Little Cumbrae

These two islands are separated from each other by a broad sound called The Tan and from the Scottish mainland by a busy shipping channel known as the Fairlie Roads.

There are also a number of uninhabited islets in the group:

The Eileans
Castle Island
The Broad Islands
Trail Isle

The Cumbraes are referred to as the Kumreyiar in the Norse Saga of Haakon Haakonarson.
GoldStar
GoldStar was a South Korean electronics company established in 1958. The corporate name was changed to LG Electronics and LG Cable on February 28, 1995, after merging with Lucky Chemical. LG Cable was spun off from LG Electronics and changed its name to LS Cable in 2005.

LG Electronics
LG Electronics Inc. (Korean: 엘지 전자; RR: Elji Jeonja) is a South Korean multinational major appliance and consumer electronics corporation headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, South Korea. LG Electronics is a part of LG Corporation, the fourth largest chaebol in South Korea, and often considered as the pinnacle of LG Corp with the group's chemical and battery division LG Chem. It comprises four business units: home entertainment, mobility, home appliances & air solutions, and business solutions. LG Electronics acquired Zenith in 1995 and is the largest shareholder of LG Display, the world's largest display company by revenue in 2020. LG Electronics is also the world's second largest television manufacturer behind Samsung Electronics. The company has 128 operations worldwide, employing 83,000 people.
Eric III of Denmark
Eric III Lamb (Danish: Erik III Lam, c. 1120 – 27 August 1146) was King of Denmark from 1137 until 1146. He was the grandson of Eric I and the nephew of Eric II, whom he succeeded on the throne. He abdicated in 1146, becoming the first monarch of Denmark to do so voluntarily, and the only until Margrethe II in 2024. His succession led to a period of civil war between Sweyn III, Canute V, and Valdemar I.

Sweyn III of Denmark
Sweyn III Grathe (Danish: Svend III Grathe; c. 1125 – 23 October 1157) was the king of Denmark between 1146 and 1157, in shifting alliances with Canute V and his own cousin Valdemar I. In 1157, the three agreed to a tripartition of Denmark. Sweyn attempted to kill his rivals at the peace banquet, and was subsequently defeated by Valdemar I at the Battle of Grathe Heath and killed.
Jimmy Crespo
Jimmy Crespo (born July 5, 1954) is an American guitarist. He was the lead guitarist for Aerosmith from 1979 until 1984. He co-wrote "Rock in a Hard Place" with Steven Tyler, and has performed or recorded with Rod Stewart, Billy Squier, Meat Loaf, Stevie Nicks, Robert Fleischman, Rough Cutt, Renegade, Flame and others.

Rock in a Hard Place
Rock in a Hard Place is the seventh studio album by American hard rock band Aerosmith, released on August 27, 1982, by Columbia Records. It was certified gold on November 10, 1989. It is the only Aerosmith album not to feature guitarist Joe Perry, following his departure from the band in 1979. Fellow guitarist Brad Whitford also left during the recording in 1981. The band spent $1.5 million on the recording of this album, which saw them reunited with producer Jack Douglas.
Michael Stich
Michael Detlef Stich (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪçaʔeːl ˈʃtɪç] ⓘ; born 18 October 1968) is a German former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), achieved in 1993, and No. 9 in men's doubles, achieved in 1991. Stich won 18 ATP Tour-level singles titles, including the 1991 Wimbledon Championships, as well as the 1993 ATP Tour World Championships and the 1992 Grand Slam Cup. He also won ten doubles titles, including the men's doubles title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships, partnering John McEnroe, and the gold medal in men's doubles 1992 Barcelona Olympics, partnering Boris Becker. Stich was part of the victorious German team at the 1993 Davis Cup, and was also the singles runner-up at the 1994 US Open and the 1996 French Open.

1996 French Open – Men's singles
Yevgeny Kafelnikov defeated Michael Stich in the final, 7–6(7–4), 7–5, 7–6(7–4) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1996 French Open. It was his first major singles title, becoming the first Russian to win a singles major.

Thomas Muster was the defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Stich.

Pete Sampras was attempting to complete the career Grand Slam, but lost in the semifinals to Kafelnikov. This marked his career-best result at the French Open.

Future three-time champion and world No. 1 Gustavo Kuerten made his first appearance in the main draw of a major, losing to Wayne Ferreira in the first round. Three-time champion Mats Wilander made his final major appearance, losing to Todd Martin in the second round.
St John the Baptist's Church, Atherton
St John the Baptist's Church is in Market Place, Atherton, Greater Manchester, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the archdeaconry of Salford, and diocese of Manchester. Together with St George's and St Philip's Churches in Atherton and St Michael and All Angels at Howe Bridge, the church is part of the United Benefice of Atherton and Hindsford with Howe Bridge. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

St Michael and All Angels' Church, Howe Bridge
St Michael and All Angels' Church is in Leigh Road, Howe Bridge, a suburb of Atherton, Greater Manchester, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Leigh, the archdeaconry of Salford and the diocese of Manchester. Its benefice is united with those of three local churches, St John the Baptist, St George and St Philip, forming a team ministry entitled the United Benefice of Atherton and Hindsford with Howe Bridge. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
English Woman's Journal
The English Woman's Journal was a periodical dealing primarily with female employment and equality issues.  It was established in 1858 by Barbara Bodichon, Matilda Mary Hays and Bessie Rayner Parkes.  Published monthly between March 1858 and August 1864, it cost 1 shilling. After 1860 the Journal was published by Victoria Press in London, which was run by Emily Faithfull (1835–1895). She employed women workers, contrary to current practice in that period.

Bessie Rayner Parkes
Elizabeth Rayner Belloc (née Parkes; 16 June 1829 – 23 March 1925) was one of the most prominent English feminists and campaigners for women's rights in Victorian times and also a poet, essayist and journalist.
Local roads in Ireland
A local road (Irish: bóthar áitiúil) in Ireland is a public road not classified as a national primary road, national secondary road, or regional road but nevertheless forming a link in the national network of roads. Local roads are numbered with four- or five-digit route numbers, prefixed by "L" (for example, L3005 or L97476).

Trunk roads in Ireland
A trunk road was a road in the Republic of Ireland of the highest classification between 1926 and 1977. The lower classifaction of main road was termed a link road. Trunk and link roads were identified by numbers prefixed with the letter T or L respectively; lesser roads had no such identifiers. In 1977 the classification was changed to national primary and secondary, regional, and local roads. Typically, each segment previously classified as trunk or link respectively became national or regional, but the numbering was done on a new basis.
Lapland Group
The Lapland Group (Lapin Ryhmä) was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union. The group was formed on 13 December 1939 from troops of the North Finland Group. The group was placed under the command of Major General Kurt Martti Wallenius and had its headquarters at Rovaniemi. The forces took part in the Battle of Salla and the Battle of Petsamo.

North Finland Group
The North Finland Group (Finnish: Pohjois-Suomen Ryhmä) was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War. It was responsible for an almost 800-kilometer-long border from the town of Lieksa to the Arctic Ocean. The group was under the command of Major General Wiljo Tuompo, and its headquarters was located in Kajaani.

The formation was charged with defending Northern Finland. It had two subgroups, the Lapland Group in the north and the North Karelian Group in the south. During the Battle of Suomussalmi on 11 December 1939, the main headquarters took under control the Lapland Group, and appointed Kurt Martti Wallenius as its commander. The North Finland Group remained in areas of the North Karelian Group, Suomussalmi and Kuhmo.
Edwards Wildman Palmer
Edwards Wildman was an AmLaw 100 law firm. It was formed from the 2011 merger of Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge and Wildman, Harrold, Allen & Dixon. Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge had been formed by the 2005 merger of Edwards & Angell LLP and Palmer & Dodge LLP. In 2008, Boston-based Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge also merged with London-based Kendall Freeman, a 40-attorney firm with specialties in dispute resolution, litigation, and both contentious and regulatory insurance and reinsurance.

Edwards Wildman had 15 offices in the U.S., Europe, and Asia.

On January 10, 2015, the merger between Locke Lord and Edwards Wildman Palmer went live, and is now known as Locke Lord LLP.

Locke Lord
Locke Lord LLP was an international law firm formed on October 2, 2007, after the combination of Texas-based Locke Liddell & Sapp PLLC and Lord Bissell & Brook LLP. Locke Lord's earliest predecessor firms date from 1887 and 1891. The firm is headquartered in Dallas, Texas and changed its name to Locke Lord LLP on September 27, 2011.

In January 2025, they merged with Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP, also known as Troutman Pepper, to become Troutman Pepper Locke.
Volkssturmgewehr
The Volkssturmgewehr ("People's Storm - Rifle") is the name of several rifle designs developed by Nazi Germany during the final months of World War II (February 1945-May 1945). They share the common characteristic of being greatly simplified as to adapt with the severe lack of resources and industrial capacity in Germany during the final stages of the war. The Volkspistole was a partner program, almost identical, but for pistols instead.

The weapon's name can be translated directly either as "People's assault rifle" or "Volkssturm rifle." Volkssturm, the German late war militia home defense force, means "People's Assault"; Sturmgewehr translates as "assault rifle".

Volkssturm
The Volkssturm (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlksʃtʊʁm] ⓘ, lit. 'people's storm') was a levée en masse national militia established by Nazi Germany during the last months of World War II. It was set up by the Nazi Party on the orders of Adolf Hitler and established on 25 September 1944. It was staffed by conscripting males between the ages of 16 and 60 years who were not already serving in some military unit.

The Volkssturm comprised one of the final components of the total war promulgated by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, part of a Nazi endeavor to overcome their enemies' military strength through force of will. Volkssturm units fought unsuccessful battles against Allied forces at the end of the war. On several occasions, its members participated in atrocities, accompanied by German civilians and the Hitler Youth, which were overseen by members of the SS or Gau leaders.
Jack Della Maddalena
Giacomo "Jack" Della Maddalena (born 10 September 1996), also known by his initials JDM, is an Australian professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is the former UFC Welterweight Champion. As of 18 November 2025, he is #1 in the UFC welterweight rankings and as of 9 December 2025, he is #14 in the UFC men's pound-for-pound rankings.

Gilbert Burns
Gilbert Alexander Pontes Burns (born 20 July 1986) is a Brazilian-American professional mixed martial artist and submission grappler. He currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of 10 February 2026, he is #11 in the UFC welterweight rankings.

Burns is an IBJJF World Jiu-Jitsu Champion (gi and no-gi), CBJJ Brazilian Champion, UAEJJF World Pro Champion, European Open medallist, and ADCC Submission Fighting World Championship medallist.

He is the older brother of former UFC fighter Herbert Burns.
HP Performance Optimized Datacenter
The HP Performance Optimized Datacenter (POD)  is a range of three modular data centers manufactured by HP.

Housed in purpose-built modules of standard shipping container form-factor of either 20 feet or 40 feet in length the data centers are shipped preconfigured with racks, cabling and equipment for power and cooling. They can support technologies from HP or third parties. The claimed capacity is the equivalent of up to 10,000 square feet of typical data center capacity depending on the model. 
Depending on the model, they use either chilled water cooling or a combination of direct expansion air cooling.

Modular data center
A modular data center system is a portable method of deploying data center capacity. A modular data center can be placed anywhere data capacity is needed.

Modular data center systems consist of purpose-engineered modules and components to offer scalable data center capacity with multiple power and cooling options. Modules can be shipped to be added, integrated or retrofitted into an existing data center or combined into a system of modules. Modular data centers typically consist of standardized components.

Modular data centers are often marketed as converged infrastructure, promoting economies of scale and efficient energy usage, including considerations regarding the external environment. A module can be treated as a single unit for U.S. Federal Communications Commission compliance certification rather than all discrete systems.
Patents have been taken out on variations.
Theodora Komnene, Princess of Antioch
Theodora Komnene (fl. 1140) was a grandniece of Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, a possible daughter of John Komnenos and the second wife of Bohemond III, prince of Antioch.

She was the mother of :

Constance (died young)

Philippe, married Baudouin Patriarch

Manuel (1176 † 1211)

Her granduncle Manuel I Komnenos died in 1180. Therefore, Bohemond believed that the alliance with Byzantium wouldn't be beneficial anymore and divorced Theodora.

Theodora then remarried to Walter of Béthune, son of the lord of Bethsan.

John Doukas Komnenos
John Doukas Komnenos (1126 – September 1176) was a son of Andronikos Komnenos. Through his father, he was a grandson of Byzantine emperor John II Komnenos. He was doux (military governor) of Cyprus from 1155 until his death.
Sidney Govou
Sidney Rodrigue Noukpo Govou (born 27 July 1979) is a French former professional footballer who played primarily as a winger, but was occasionally deployed as a striker. He is most prominent for his lengthy playing career at Lyon where he won seven Ligue 1 titles.

Ludovic Giuly
Ludovic Vincent Giuly (born 10 July 1976) is a French former professional footballer who played as a winger.

Giuly represented France at international level, gaining 17 caps over a five-year period and was a member of their 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup-winning squad. One of his greatest moments was being part of Barcelona's squad, as he helped the team win the UEFA Champions League in 2005–06. Since June 2022, he has been the assistant manager of Lyon.
Radar Secret Service
Radar Secret Service is a 1950 action film starring John Howard, produced by Barney A. Sarecky and directed by Sam Newfield. The film was featured on the American television show Mystery Science Theater 3000.

John Howard (American actor)
John Howard (born John Richard Cox Jr.; April 14, 1913 – February 19, 1995) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his roles in the films Lost Horizon (1937) and The Philadelphia Story (1940).

Howard played Bulldog Drummond in seven films which were produced by Paramount. He also appeared in many television series and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Indra Kumar
Indra Kumar (born Indra Irani) is an Indian film director and producer. He had five Filmfare nominations, has also appeared in number of Gujarati-language films. His latest film produced is Thank God (2022).

Kumar debuted into direction as well as production with Dil (1990) and then directed the different concept-based drama films Beta (1992), Raja (1995) and Ishq (1997); all four being among the highest-grossing Hindi films of respective years and critically as well as commercially successful. He received two Filmfare Award for Best Director nominations for Beta and Raja. He followed this with a number of average grossers or commercial failures, causing a setback, except the comedy Masti (2004), which ended with Dhamaal (2007). Kumar went on to make commercially successful comedy film sequels including Double Dhamaal (2011), Grand Masti (2013) and Total Dhamaal (2019). The latter ranks among the highest-grossing Hindi films and remains his highest-grossing release till date.

Total Dhamaal
Total Dhamaal is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language adventure comedy film directed and written by Indra Kumar. The film is the third installment of Dhamaal series and a standalone sequel to Dhamaal (2007) and Double Dhamaal (2011). It stars Ajay Devgn, Anil Kapoor, Madhuri Dixit, Riteish Deshmukh, Arshad Warsi and Jaaved Jaffrey and Vijay Patkar and Boman Irani and Mahesh Manjrekar.

The storyline of the film is loosely based on 2015 film Vacation and some scenes borrowed from the 2014 film Blended. Total Dhamaal was released on 22 February 2019 to polarizing reviews. Made on a budget of ₹90–100 crore, Total Dhamaal grossed ₹228.27 crore worldwide and became commercially successful.

This is the last film released by Fox Star Studios before the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney, which was completed in March 2019.
Left Grouping of the Valencian Country
Left Grouping of the Valencian Country (in Catalan: Agrupament d'Esquerra del País Valencià) was a political group created in 1982 out of a nationalist splinter-group of the Communist Party of the Valencian Country (PCPV), the 'possibilist' sector of the Socialist Party of National Liberation of the Catalan Countries (PSAN) and independent leftwing nationalists. AEPV was registered as a political party. Soon after its foundation AEPV initiated cooperation with the Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country (PNPV) and the Left Unity of the Valencian Country (UEPV), with whom AEPV founded the coalition Valencian People's Union (UPV).

Leading figures of AEPV were Gustau Muñoz and Ernest Garcia.

When UPV became a political party in 1984 AEPV was dissolved.

Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country
The Nationalist Party of the Valencian Country (in Valencian: Partit Nacionalista del País Valencià, PNPV) was a political party created in 1978 by ex-members of the Democratic Union of the Valencian Country. In 1984 the party merged with the Left Grouping of the Valencian Country to form the Valencian People's Union.
Lipstick (1960 film)
Il rossetto (internationally released as Lipstick) is a 1960 Italian crime-drama film directed by Damiano Damiani in his feature film debut, after two documentaries and several screenplays. The film's plot was loosely inspired by actual events. Pietro Germi reprised, with very slight modifications, the character he played in The Facts of Murder.

Pietro Germi
Pietro Germi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːtro ˈdʒɛrmi]; 14 September 1914 – 5 December 1974) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and actor, noted for his development of the neorealist and commedia all'italiana genres.

His 1961 film Divorce Italian Style earned him a Best Original Screenplay Oscar and a Best Director nomination at the 35th Academy Awards. Seven of his films competed at the Cannes Film Festival, with his 1966 comedy The Birds, the Bees and the Italians winning the Palme d'Or.
Spy Myung-wol
Spy Myung-wol (Korean: 스파이 명월) is a 2011 South Korean television series starring Han Ye-seul, Eric Mun, and Lee Jin-wook. It aired on KBS2 from July 11 to September 6, 2011 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 18 episodes.

Eric Mun
Eric Mun (born February 16, 1979), birth name Mun Jung-hyuk (Korean: 문정혁, is a South Korean rapper, songwriter and actor. He is a member and leader of the South Korean boy band Shinhwa. He is also well known for several dramas such as Phoenix (2004), Super Rookie (2005), and Another Oh Hae-young (2016). He was with Top Class Entertainment from 2007 to December 2013.  In 2014, Mun and his manager of 10 years, Lee Jong-hyun, set up a new management agency, E&J Entertainment, for his individual activities. Mun is also the CEO of Shinhwa Company, the home agency of his group, with Lee Min-woo as co-CEO since 2011, and with the remaining members—Kim Dong-wan, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin and Andy Lee—as shareholders.
Nova Scotia Route 318
Route 318 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in the Halifax Regional Municipality and connects Dartmouth at Exit 6 of Highway 111 with Waverley at Trunk 2.

It is also called "Waverley Road" and "Braemar Drive."  The road follows the north shore of Lake Micmac, Lake Charles, Nova Scotia, and Lake William, which comprise part of the historic Shubenacadie Canal route.

Nova Scotia Highway 111
Highway 111 is a 13-kilometre (8 mi) controlled-access highway in Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. Varying in width from four to twelve lanes, Highway 111 is also known as the Circumferential Highway because it forms a partial orbital road around Dartmouth. The highway runs from Pleasant Street in the neighbourhood of Woodside in the south to the A. Murray MacKay Bridge in the north.