hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ladin language
Ladin (/ləˈdiːn/ lə-DEEN, UK also /læˈdiːn/ la-DEEN; autonym: ladin; Italian: ladino; German: Ladinisch) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Romansh, which is spoken in Switzerland, as well as to Friulian, which is spoken in northeast Italy.

The precise extent of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A narrower perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino.

A standard variety of Ladin (Ladin Dolomitan) has been developed by the Office for Ladin Language Planning as a common communication tool across the whole Ladin-speaking region.

Ladin Dolomitan
Ladin Dolomitan or standard Ladin is the standard written constructed language (Dachsprache) based on the similarities of the five main dialect-groups of Ladin.  It is the desired outcome of the project called SPELL (Servisc per la Planificazion y Elaborazion dl Lingaz Ladin – "service for the planning and preparation of the Ladin language") under the initiative of The Union Generala di Ladins dles Dolomites (project owner) and the Ladin cultural institutes Micurà de Rü, Majon di Fascegn and Istitut Pedagogich Ladin to create a unified standard written language.
Mbezi
Mbezi (Kata ya Mbezi, in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Ubungo District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Mabwepande and Wazo of Kinondoni MC border the ward to the north. The ward is bordered to the east by the wards of Saranga and Goba. South of here is Msigani. The westernmost wards  are Kwembe, Kibamba, Maili Moja, and Pangani, the latter two of Kibaha. The ward is home to the majority of Pande Game Reserve's area. The ward is named after the Mbezi River, which passes through it. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 73,414.

Mabwepande
Mabwepande (Kata ya Mabwepande in Swahili)  is an administrative ward in Kinondoni District of the Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. Bunju and Wazo wards form the ward's eastern boundary. The Mbezi ward of Ilala District borders the ward to the south. Pangani ward of Kibaha Town Council and Kerege ward of Bagamoyo District in Pwani Region border the wards to the west and north, respectively. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 25,460.
Uppingham railway station
Uppingham railway station was a station in Uppingham, Rutland. It was the terminus of a branch line from Seaton and opened in 1894 and closed in 1960. In 1910, there were five trains daily to Seaton and four return (five on Fridays) and in 1922 there were also five but seven return.

The station buildings were demolished and the site became a small industrial area.

Uppingham
Uppingham is a market town and civil parish in the ceremonial county of Rutland, England, off the A47 between Leicester and Peterborough, 6 miles (10 km) south of Oakham. It had a population of 4,745 according to the 2011 census, estimated at 4,853 in 2019.

The town is known for its eponymous public school. With its art galleries Uppingham has become a popular destination for art lovers. Uppingham was named "best place to live in the Midlands in 2022" by The Times newspaper, who commented on the town by calling it "a discerning market town with art, heart and smarts — plus the magnificent Rutland Water".
Harbor Island, South Carolina
Harbor Island is a small residential barrier island located 14 miles (22 km) east of Beaufort, South Carolina. It is one of the Carolina Sea Islands. Most of the island is tidal marsh, though approximately 800 acres (3.2 km2) of upland acreage exists on the northeastern portions. The residential portion of the island was listed as a census-designated place in the 2020 census, with a population of 209. The island is served by U.S. Route 21 (US 21),  the only vehicular access route to the island and other nearby islands.

Sea Islands
The Sea Islands are a chain of over a hundred tidal and barrier islands on the Atlantic Ocean coast of the Southeastern United States, between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns rivers along South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. The largest is Johns Island, South Carolina. Sapelo Island is home to the Gullah people. All of the islands are acutely threatened by sea level rise due to climate change.
Apostolic Nunciature to Algeria
36°48′03″N 3°02′32″E﻿ / ﻿36.80076°N 3.04236°E﻿ / 36.80076; 3.04236

The Apostolic Nunciature to Algeria is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Algeria. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio to Algeria and enjoys the rank of an ambassador. The office of the nunciature is located in Bologhine-Alger.

The Vatican established the position of Delegate to Northern Africa on 27 February 1965; John Gordon held that post until 14 July 1967. Sante Portalupi succeeded him on 27 September 1967. The delegate's responsibilities were modified as the Holy See developed relationships with countries in the delegate's area of responsibility. Portalupi took on the title of Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Algeria on 6 March 1972.

The Apostolic Nuncio to Algeria is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Tunisia upon his appointment to said nation.

Apostolic Nunciature to Tunisia
The Apostolic Nunciature to Tunisia is the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Tunisia. The Apostolic Nuncio to Tunisia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Tunisia, with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the State of Tunisia and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Tunisia and the pope.

The Vatican established the position of Delegate to Northern Africa in 1965; John Gordon held that post until 19 August 1967. Sante Portalupi succeeded him on 27 September 1967. The delegate's responsibilities were modified as the Holy See developed relationships with countries in the delegate's area of responsibility. Portalupi took on the titles of Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Algeria on 6 March 1972, and Pro-Nuncio to Tunisia on 22 March 1972.

The title Apostolic Nuncio to Tunisia is held by the prelate appointed Apostolic Nuncio to Algeria; he resides in Algeria.
Yakov Knyazhnin
Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin (Russian: Я́ков Бори́сович Княжни́н, November 3, 1742 or 1740, Pskov – January 1, 1791, St Petersburg) was Russia's foremost tragic author during the reign of Catherine the Great. Knyazhnin's contemporaries hailed him as the true successor to his father-in-law Alexander Sumarokov, but posterity, in the words of Vladimir Nabokov, tended to view his tragedies and comedies as "awkwardly imitated from more or less worthless French models".

Yevstigney Fomin
Yevstigney Ipat'yevich Fomin   (Russian: Евстигне́й Ипа́тьевич Фоми́н) (born St. Petersburg 16 August [O.S. 5 August] 1761 – died St. Petersburg c 27 April [O.S. 16 April] 1800) was a Russian opera composer of the 18th century
Sumisip
Sumisip, officially the Municipality of Sumisip (Yakan: Bulak Sumisip; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Sumisip; Tagalog: Bayan ng Sumisip), is a  municipality in the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 47,345 people.

12 barangays that were not on Basilan Island seceded to form the municipality of Tabuan-Lasa through Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 187, which was subsequently ratified in a plebiscite held on March 29, 2008.

Tabuan-Lasa
Tabuan-Lasa, officially the Municipality of Tabuan-Lasa (Tausūg: Lupah Tabuan-Lasa; Chavacano: Municipalidad de Tabuan-Lasa; Tagalog: Bayan ng Tabuan-Lasa), is a  municipality in the province of Basilan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,327 people.

Tabuan-Lasa was created out of the 12 barangays of Sumisip that were not on Basilan Island, through Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 187, which was subsequently ratified in a plebiscite held on March 29, 2008.
Trentepohlia (alga)
Trentepohlia is a genus of filamentous chlorophyte green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae, living free on terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens. The filaments of Trentepohlia often have a strong orange colour (photograph at right) caused by the presence of large quantities of carotenoid pigments which mask the green of the chlorophyll.

Trentepohliaceae
Trentepohliaceae are a family of green algae, and the only family in the order Trentepohliales. It is a member of the Ulvophyceaen green algae. The family is characterized by traits like net-like chloroplasts without pyrenoids, cell walls with plasmodesmata and cytokinesis by production of a phragmoplast. They are subaerial algae with a worldwide distribution.
Sakonnet River
The Sakonnet River is a tidal strait in the state of Rhode Island which flows approximately 14 miles (23 km) between Mount Hope Bay and Rhode Island Sound. It separates Aquidneck Island from the eastern portion of Newport County.

Mount Hope Bay
Mount Hope Bay is a tidal estuary located at the mouth of the Taunton River on the Massachusetts and Rhode Island border. It is an arm of Narragansett Bay. The bay is named after Mount Hope, a small hill located on its western shore in what is now Bristol, Rhode Island. It flows into the East Passage of Narragansett Bay and also the Sakonnet River. Mount Hope Bay has played an important role to the history of the area, from pre-colonial times to the present. While many years of sewage and industrial pollution have severely degraded the quality of the shallow waters of the bay, there are currently major efforts underway to clean up and restore it.
Alewife Brook Reservation
Alewife Brook Reservation is a Massachusetts state park and urban wild located in Cambridge, Arlington, and Somerville. The park is managed by the state Department of Conservation and Recreation and was established in 1900. It is named for Alewife Brook, which was also historically known as Menotomy River (the village of Menotomy is now Arlington), a tributary of the Mystic River.

Somerville, Massachusetts
Somerville (/ˈsʌmərvɪl/ SUM-ər-vil) is a city located directly to the northwest of Boston, and north of Cambridge, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 81,045 people. With an area of 4.12 square miles (10.7 km2), the city has a density of 19,671/sq mi (7,595/km2), making it the most densely populated municipality in New England and the 19th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. Somerville was established as a town in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. In 2006, the city was named the best-run city in Massachusetts by The Boston Globe. In 1972, 2009, and 2015, the city received the All-America City Award. It is home to Tufts University, which has its campus along the Somerville and Medford border.
Bradford Rifles
The Bradford Rifles was a Volunteer unit of the British Army formed in 1859. It went on to become a battalion of the West Yorkshire Regiment in the Territorial Force and saw action on the Western Front during World War I. Between the wars it converted into an air defence unit, serving during World War II first as a searchlight regiment defending West Yorkshire and later as a garrison battalion in North West Europe. Postwar it continued in the Territorial Army in the air defence role until 1955.

49th (West Riding) Infantry Division
The 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army. The division fought in the First World War in the trenches of the Western Front, in the fields of France and Flanders. During the Second World War, the division fought in the Norwegian Campaign and in North-western Europe. After the Second World War, it was disbanded in 1946, then reformed in 1947. It remained with Northern Command until finally disbanded in 1967.
Bartholomew Fair (play)
Bartholomew Fair is a Jacobean comedy in five acts by Ben Jonson. It was first staged on 31 October 1614 at the Hope Theatre by the Lady Elizabeth's Men company. Written four years after The Alchemist, five after Epicœne, or the Silent Woman, and nine after Volpone, it is in some respects the most experimental of these plays.

The play was first printed in 1631, as part of a planned second volume of the first 1616 folio collection of Jonson's works, to be published by the bookseller Robert Allot; however, Jonson abandoned the plan when he became dissatisfied with the quality of the typesetting. Copies of the 1631 typecast were circulated, though whether they were sold publicly or distributed privately by Jonson is unclear. The play was published in the second folio of Jonson's works in 1640–41, published by Richard Meighen.

Ben Jonson folios
Ben Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – c. 16 August 1637) collected his plays and other writings into a book he titled The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. In 1616 it was printed in London in the form of a folio. Second and third editions of his works were published posthumously in 1640 and 1692.

These editions of Ben Jonson's works were a crucial development in the publication of English Renaissance drama. The first folio collection, The Workes of Benjamin Jonson, treated stage plays as serious works of literature and stood as a precedent for other play collections that followed—notably the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays in 1623, the first Beaumont and Fletcher folio in 1647, and other collections that were important in preserving the dramatic literature of the age.
Carpegna
Carpegna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of Ancona and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Pesaro.

Carpegna borders the following municipalities: Belforte all'Isauro, Borgo Pace, Frontino, Mercatello sul Metauro, Montecopiolo, Pennabilli, Piandimeleto, Pietrarubbia, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Sestino.

The Monte Carpegna nearby is a ski resort. The communal territory is included in the Sasso Simone and Simoncello Regional Park.

Frontino, Marche
Frontino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche. As of 2001, it had a population of 369 and an area of 10 square kilometres (3.9 mi2) which amounts to 37 people per square kilometre.

Frontino borders the following municipalities: Carpegna, Piandimeleto, and Pietrarubbia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
Lex scripta
Lex scripta (plural: leges scriptae) is a Latin expression that means "written or statutory law". It is in contrast to lex non scripta, customary or common law.  The term originates from the Roman legal tradition. Emperor Justinian divided the lex scripta into several categories:

Statutes (laws passed by the senate)

Plebiscita (laws passed by the plebeian council)

Senatorial decrees

Decisions of the Emperors

Orders of the magistrates

Answers of jurisconsults

Lex scripta has a lasting effect that can define a legal tradition for a culture such as that found in the Corpus Juris Civilis, Magna Carta, Tang Code, or a country's constitution.

Lex non scripta
Lex non scripta is a Latin expression that means "law not written" or "unwritten law".  It is a term that embraces all the laws which do not come under the definition of written law or lex scripta (i.e. statutory law, created by a governing body). It is composed, principally, of the law of nature, the law of nations, the common law, and customary law.
2019–20 Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Canisius Golden Griffins men's basketball team represented Canisius College in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Griffins, led by fourth-year head coach Reggie Witherspoon, played their home games at the Koessler Athletic Center in Buffalo, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 12–20, 7–13 in MAAC play to finish in tenth place. They lost in the first round of the MAAC tournament to Iona.

2019–20 Iona Gaels men's basketball team
The 2019–20 Iona Gaels men's basketball team represented Iona College in the 2019–20 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Gaels were to be led by 10th-year head coach Tim Cluess, but he never coached a game for health reasons. Associate head coach Tra Arnold took over the head coaching duties for this season. They played their home games at the Hynes Athletic Center in New Rochelle, New York as members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. They finished the season 12–17, 9–11 in MAAC play to finish in a tie for sixth place. As the No. 7 seed in the MAAC tournament, they defeated Canisius before losing to Saint Peter's in the quarterfinals.

Following the season, Cluess stepped down as head coach of the Gaels due to health concerns. A day later, the school named former Louisville coach Rick Pitino the Gaels' new head coach.
Film look
Film look (also known as filmizing or film-look) is a process in which video is altered in overall appearance to appear to have been shot on film stock. The process is usually electronic, although filmizing can sometimes occur as an unintentional by-product of some optical techniques, such as telerecording.  The process has the opposite result to VidFIRE, used to restore a video look to telerecorded video.

VidFIRE
VidFIRE (an abbreviation of "video field interpolation restoration effect") is a technology intended to restore the video-like motion of footage originally shot with television cameras that have been converted to formats with telerecording as their basis. The word is both a noun and a verb; in a sense, it is the opposite of filmizing, which makes video look like film.
Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci
The Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci (Serbian Cyrillic: Архиепископија београдско-карловачка) is the central or patriarchal eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church, with seat in Belgrade, Serbia. The head of the eparchy is the Serbian patriarch.

Metropolitanate of Belgrade
The Metropolitanate of Belgrade (Serbian: Београдска митрополија, romanized: Beogradska mitropolija) was an Eastern Orthodox ecclesiastical province (metropolitanate) which existed between 1831 and 1920, with jurisdiction over the territory of Principality and Kingdom of Serbia. It was formed in 1831, when the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople granted church autonomy to its eparchies in the Principality of Serbia. Territorial enlargement and full canonical autocephaly were gained in 1879. The Metropolitanate existed until 1920, when it was merged with Patriarchate of Karlovci and other Serbian ecclesiastical provinces to form the united Serbian Orthodox Church. The seat of the Metropolitanate was in Belgrade, Serbia.

The Metropolitanate and all of its eparchies suffered significant loses during World War I (1914–1918), particularly after 1915, during the occupation of Serbia by the Central Powers.
Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki
Bharatsinh Madhavsinh Solanki (born 26 November 1953) is an Indian politician and former president of Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee. He was Minister of State for Union Minister of State for Drinking Water and Sanitation (Independent Charge) in the Government of India in the Second Manmohan Singh ministry till May 2014. His previous posts include that of Minister of State for Power. He has also served as Secretary at All India Congress Committee from 2004 to 2006. He was born to Madhavsinh Solanki of Gujarat.

After winning the election twice, in 2004 and 2009, he lost the Anand seat in the 2014 Indian general election to Dilipbhai Patel of BJP.

Madhav Singh Solanki
Madhav Singh Solanki (30 July 1927 – 9 January 2021) was a leader of Indian National Congress party who served as External Affairs minister of India. He served also as the Chief Minister of Gujarat three times. He was known for KHAM theory by which he came to power in Gujarat in 1980s.
Futa Pass Cemetery
The German Futa Pass Cemetery (Deutsche Soldatenfriedhof Futapass; Cimitero militare germanico della Futa) is a war cemetery in Italy. According to the German War Graves Commission it holds remains of 30,800 German soldiers who died in the Second World War. It is located at the summit of the Futa Pass (Passo della Futa, 903 m) in the Apennines and in Mugello, near Traversa in the commune of Firenzuola, that is, about 40 kilometers north of Florence and 40 kilometers south of Bologna along National Highway Nr. 65 near the border of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna.

German War Graves Commission
The People's Alliance of the German War Graves Care (German: Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge, pronounced [ˈfɔlksbʊnt ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈkʁiːksɡʁɛːbɐˌfyːɐ̯zɔʁɡə] ⓘ) is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of German war graves in Europe and North Africa. Its objectives are acquisition, maintenance and care of German war graves; tending to next of kin; youth and educational work; and preservation of the memory to the sacrifices of war and despotism. Former head of the Bundeswehr Wolfgang Schneiderhan was elected President of the organisation in 2016, succeeding SPD politician Markus Meckel. The President of Germany, currently Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD), is the organisation's patron.
William FitzAlan, 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun
William FitzAlan (died 1210) was a Norman nobleman who lived in Oswestry and Clun, near Shrewsbury, along the medieval Welsh Marches. William was the son of William FitzAlan and Christina.

He was the first FitzAlan to hold both the castles of Clun and Oswestry in his own right, and was responsible for the significant expansion of Clun Castle. William was still in his minority in 1160, and Guy Lestrange was appointed as his guardian. William later had two sons, the first also called William FitzAlan and a younger son, John by the daughter of Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath and Rohese of Monmouth, whose name is not mentioned in any documents.

Upon William's death in 1210, the eldest son succeeded his father.

William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry
William FitzAlan (1085–1160) was a nobleman of Breton ancestry. He was a major landowner, a Marcher lord with large holdings in Shropshire, where he was the Lord of Oswestry, as well as in Norfolk and Sussex. He took the side of Empress Matilda during the Anarchy and underwent considerable hardship in the Angevin cause before regaining his lands and former status. William's younger brother, Walter fitz Alan (d. 1177), became ancestor of the royal House of Stuart.
Iku-Shamagan
Iku-Shamagan (𒄿𒆪𒀭𒊭𒈠𒃶, i-ku-Dsha-ma-gan, fl. c. 2500 BC) was a King of the second Mariote kingdom. He is one of three Mari kings known from archaeology, Ikun-Shamash probably being the oldest one. Another king was Ishqi-Mari, also known from an inscribed statue.

In their inscriptions, these Mari kings used the Akkadian language, whereas their contemporaries to the south used the Sumerian language.

Ishqi-Mari
Ishqi-Mari or Ishgi-Mari (𒅖𒄄𒈠𒌷 iš11-gi4-ma-rí; died c. 2330 BC), previously read Lamgi-Mari, was a King of the second Mariote kingdom. He is one of three Mari kings known from archaeology, Ikun-Shamash probably being the oldest one. The third king is Iku-Shamagan, also known from an inscribed statue.

In their inscriptions, these Mari kings used a dialect of the Akkadian language, whereas their Sumerian contemporaries to the south used the Sumerian language.

It is thought that Ishqi-Mari was the last king of Mari before the conquest and the destruction of Mari by Akkad under Sargon c. 2330 BC.