hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
De Zuid-Afrikaan
De Zuid-Afrikaan was a nineteenth-century Dutch language newspaper based in Cape Town that circulated throughout the Cape Colony, published between 1830 and 1930.

The paper was founded by the advocate Christoffel Johan Brand on 9 April 1830 and played a major role in providing a mouthpiece for the more educated sections of the Cape Dutch community. Carl Juta, founder of Juta publishers in Cape Town, and brother-in-law of Karl Marx, printed De Zuid Afrikaan. Marx wrote begging letters to Juta and in return Juta asked him to write articles for De Zuid Afrikaan. These letters are to be seen in the history files of Juta and Co. In 1930 the paper finally succumbed to falling circulation figures resulting from the popularity of the Afrikaans language paper, Die Burger.

Cape Dutch
Cape Dutch, also commonly known as Cape Afrikaners, were a historic socioeconomic class of Afrikaners who lived in the Western Cape during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The terms have been evoked to describe an affluent, educated section of the Cape Colony's Afrikaner population which did not participate in the Great Trek or the subsequent founding of the Boer republics. Today, the Cape Dutch are credited with helping shape and promote a unique Afrikaner cultural identity through their formation of civic associations such as the Afrikaner Bond, and promotion of the Afrikaans language.
Australian Secret Intelligence Service
The Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS /ˈeɪsɪs/) is the foreign intelligence agency of the Commonwealth of Australia, responsible for gathering, processing, and analysing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence. The service was formed in 1952, however its existence remained secret within much of the government and to the public until 1972. ASIS is a primary entity of the Australian Intelligence Community.

ASIS is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) portfolio and has its headquarters in Canberra. Its director-general, currently Kerri Hartland, reports to the minister for foreign affairs. The service is comparable to the CIA (US) and MI6 (UK).

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is the department of the Australian government responsible for foreign policy and international relations, development aid (under the name Australian Aid), consular services, overseas trade, and investment (including trade and investment promotion Austrade). Australia's total official development assistance (ODA) (US$3 billion) decreased in 2022 due to differences in Australia's financial year reporting and the timing of its COVID-19-related expenditure, representing 0.19% of gross national income (GNI).

The head of the department is its secretary, presently Jan Adams. She reports to Penny Wong, who has held the position of Minister for Foreign Affairs since 2022.
AT&T UNIX PC
The AT&T UNIX PC is a Unix desktop computer originally developed by Convergent Technologies (later acquired by Unisys), and marketed by AT&T Information Systems in the mid- to late-1980s. The system was codenamed "Safari 4" and is also known as the PC 7300. An updated version with larger hard drive was dubbed the "3B1". Despite the latter name, the system had little in common with AT&T's line of 3B series computers. The system was tailored for use as a productivity tool in office environments and as an electronic communication center.

3B series computers
The 3B series computers are a line of minicomputers made between the late 1970s and 1993 by AT&T Computer Systems' Western Electric subsidiary, for use with the company's UNIX operating system. The line primarily consists of the models 3B20, 3B5, 3B15, 3B2, and 3B4000. The series is notable for controlling a series of electronic switching systems for telecommunications, for general computing purposes, and for serving as the historical software porting base for commercial UNIX.
River Hebert
The River Hebert is a small tidal river that empties into the Cumberland Basin, and is contained completely within Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. According to estimates by the Province of Nova Scotia, there were 9,092 people resident within the Maccan/Kelley/Hebert watershed in 2011.

Maccan River (Nova Scotia)
The Maccan River is a small tidal river contained completely within Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. The river terminates at the confluence of River Hebert at Amherst Point, and empties into the Cumberland Basin. The river's tidal bore may be viewed from the Tidal Wetlands Park in Maccan. According to estimates by the Province of Nova Scotia, there are 9,092 people resident within the Maccan/Kelly/Hebert watershed in 2011.

Tributaries include the Nappan River, Patton Creek, St. Georges Brook, and Kennedy Creek. The river passes through the communities of Maccan and Athol, Nova Scotia.  The word Maccan is derived from the Miꞌkmaq word 'Maakan' meaning a good place for fishing.

The main line of the Canadian National Railway follows the Maccan River for part of its length.
Y with hook
Ƴ (minuscule: ƴ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from Y with the addition of a hook. It is used in some African languages, such as Fula and Hausa, to represent a glottalic palatal approximant, [ˀj] or [j̰]. In Noon, a language spoken in Senegal, ƴ represents a voiced palatal implosive [ʄ].

The Unicode names and code points are as follows:

U+01B3 Ƴ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK

U+01B4 ƴ LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK

Hausa language
Hausa (/ˈhaʊsə/; in Hausa: Harshen/Halshen Hausa listenⓘ /hawˈsa/; Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا‎) is a Chadic language spoken primarily by the Hausa people in Niger (where it is the sole official language, having replaced French in 2025) and in the northern parts of Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin and Togo and the southern parts of Chad. It is also spoken by a significant minority in Ivory Coast and a small number of speakers in Sudan.

Hausa is a member of the Afroasiatic language family and is the most widely spoken language within the Chadic branch of that family. Hausa is tonal, using relative pitch both to distinguish words, and mark grammatical categories. Ethnologue estimated that it was spoken as a first language by some 58 million people and as a second language by another 36 million, bringing the total number of Hausa speakers to an estimated 94 million.

In Nigeria, the Hausa film industry is known as Kannywood.
100% (Lotta Engberg album)
100% is a studio album from Lotta Engberg, released in March 1988. The album was recorded in KMH Studio in Stockholm, Sweden in January–February 1988. The album peaked at number 40 on the Swedish Albums Chart.

Lotta Engberg
Anna Charlotte "Lotta" Engberg  (born Pedersen; 5 March 1963)  is a Swedish singer.

She represented Sweden in Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with "Boogaloo" after winning Melodifestivalen 1987. She also tried many times in Melodifestivalen in 1984, 1988, 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2012.

She was also a singer in a number of formations including "Trioala" early on, and in dansbands Lotta & Anders Engbergs orkester from 1989 to 1994, and after her divorce from Anders Engberg, in dansband Lotta Engbergs from 1994 until 2002. She continues now as a solo artist. On 2 October 1999, Sweden issued a postage stamp with her portrait. She also has a great number of collaborations including joint albums with Jarl Carlsson in 1987, Christer Sjögren and Willie Nelson, both in 2012.
DJ Adviser
Isaac De-Graft Danquah (died 4 March 2021), known professionally as DJ Adviser, was a Ghanaian radio presenter and DJ at Happy FM. He won the Record Promoter of the Year four times in a row at the Ghana DJ Awards event.

Happy FM (Ghana)
Happy FM (Ghana) is a privately owned radio station in Accra, the capital of Ghana, broadcasting on 98.9 MHz from Accra, Ghana. It began official transmission in September 2003 and is owned and run by the Global Media Alliance. "The Best Ever Sports Station in Ghana Broadcasting Sports News."
Priscilla Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby
Priscilla Barbara Elizabeth Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby (16 February 1761 – 29 December 1828), known before 1780 as Lady Priscilla Bertie, was a daughter of the Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, and Mary Panton. Through her grandmother Mary Wynn, Priscilla Bertie was a descendant of the Welsh princely House of Aberffraw.

On 23 February 1779, she married Sir Peter Burrell (later 1st Baron Gwydyr) and they later had four children.

Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven
General Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, PC (1714 – 12 August 1778), styled Lord Willoughby de Eresby from 1715 to 1723 and Marquess of Lindsey from 1735 to 1742, was an English peer.
Division of Murray
The Division of Murray was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was located in the north of the state, adjoining the Murray River, which forms Victoria's border with New South Wales. It included the towns of Shepparton, Echuca, Cobram, Yarrawonga, Boort and Bridgewater. In 2018 the division was renamed the Division of Nicholls, coming into effect at the 2019 federal election.

Shepparton
Shepparton (/ˈʃɛpərtən/ SHEP-ər-tən; Yorta Yorta: Kanny-goopna) is a regional city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in northern Victoria, Australia, approximately 181 kilometres (112 mi) north-northeast of Melbourne. As of the 2021 census, the locality of Shepparton had a population of 32,067. The broader urban area, including the adjacent town of Mooroopna, had a combined population of 49,862.

It began as a sheep station and river crossing in the mid-19th century, before undergoing a major transformation as a railway town. Today it is an agricultural and manufacturing centre, and the centre of the Goulburn Valley irrigation system, one of the largest centres of irrigation in Australia. It is also a major regional service city and the seat of local government and civic administration for the City of Greater Shepparton, which includes the surrounding towns of Tatura, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Murchison, Dookie, Toolamba and Grahamvale.
Brian MacWhinney
Brian James MacWhinney (born August 22, 1945) is a Professor of Psychology and Modern Languages at Carnegie Mellon University. He specializes in first and second language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and the neurological bases of language, and he has written and edited several books and over 100 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on these subjects.  MacWhinney is best known for his competition model of language acquisition and for creating the CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System) and TalkBank corpora.

MacWhinney has also helped to develop a stream of pioneering software programs for creating and running psychological experiments, including PsyScope, an experimental control system for the Macintosh; E-Prime, an experimental control system for the Microsoft Windows platform; and System for Teaching Experimental Psychology (STEP), a database of scripts for facilitating and improving psychological and linguistic research.

Competition model
The Competition Model is a psycholinguistic theory of language acquisition and sentence processing, developed by Elizabeth Bates and Brian MacWhinney (1982).  The claim in MacWhinney, Bates, and Kliegl (1984) is that "the forms of natural languages are created, governed, constrained, acquired, and used in the service of communicative functions." Furthermore, the model holds that processing is based on an online competition between these communicative functions or motives. The model focuses on competition during sentence processing, crosslinguistic competition in bilingualism, and the role of competition in language acquisition. It is an emergentist theory of language acquisition and processing, serving as an alternative to strict innatist and empiricist theories. According to the Competition Model, patterns in language arise from Darwinian competition and selection on a variety of time/process scales including phylogenetic, ontogenetic, social diffusion, and synchronic scales.
Rainbow Dome Musick
Rainbow Dome Musick is the fifth studio album by Steve Hillage, released by Virgin Records in April 1979. It is a departure from his previous albums, consisting of two long ambient songs recorded in collaboration with his long-time partner Miquette Giraudy.

Steve Hillage
Stephen Simpson Hillage (born 2 August 1951) is an English musician, best known as a guitarist. He is associated with the Canterbury scene and has worked in experimental domains since the late 1960s. Besides his solo recordings he has been a member of Uriel, Khan, Gong and System 7.
Laila Taher
Laila Taher (born 1942, Arabic: ليلي طاهر, Sherouette Moustafa Ibrahim, Arabic: شيرويت مصطفي إبراهيم) is an Egyptian film, stage, television actress and presenter who is mostly known for her successful collaborations with Salah Zulfikar in film, television and theater. She participated in over hundred artworks through her career mostly in television. In films, Taher is known for her notable roles in; Saladin the Victorious (1963), Soft Hands (1963), A Husband on Vacation (1964), Al Qadisiyya (1981), and The Peacock (1982). And her television roles include; Monsieur Le Directeur (1988) and The Family of Mr. Shalash (1990).

Saladin the Victorious
Saladin the Victorious (Egyptian Arabic: الناصر صلاح الدين, El-Nasser Salah Ed-Din), also known as Saladin and the Great Crusades, is a 1963 Egyptian epic film directed by Youssef Chahine. It is co-written by Chahine, Yusuf Sibai and others, based on a novel by Naguib Mahfouz. The film features an ensemble cast. It stars Ahmed Mazhar, Salah Zulfikar, Nadia Lutfi, Omar El-Hariri, Mahmoud El-Meliguy, Leila Fawzi, Hamdi Gheiss, Ahmed Luxor, Hussein Riad, Laila Taher and Zaki Toleimat.

It was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. The film was restored to its original running time of 186 minutes from the original negative by the Cineteca di Bologna and was shown at Il Cinema Ritrovato in June 2019. Saladin the Victorious is one of the Top 100 Egyptian films.
Jackson County, Alabama
Jackson County is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,579. The county seat is Scottsboro. The county was named for Andrew Jackson, general in the United States Army and afterward President of the United States of America. Jackson County is a prohibition or dry county, but three cities within the county (Bridgeport, Scottsboro, and Stevenson) are "wet", allowing alcohol sales. Jackson County comprises the Scottsboro, Alabama Micropolitan Statistical Area, and Jackson county is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton combined statistical area. It is the site of Russell Cave National Monument, an archeological site with evidence of 8,000 years of human occupation in the Southeast.

Bridgeport, Alabama
Bridgeport is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. At the time of 2020 census the population was 2,264, down from 2,418 in 2010. Bridgeport is included in the Chattanooga-Cleveland-Dalton, TN-GA-AL Combined Statistical Area.
Gradski stadion (Nikšić)
Gradski stadion Nikšić, also known as Stadion kraj Bistrice, is a multi-purpose stadium in Nikšić, Montenegro. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of FK Sutjeska and a host of Montenegro national under-21 football team and Montenegro women's national football team matches. The stadium had a total of 5,214 seats before the addition of a new west stand in 2020.

Nikšić
Nikšić (Cyrillic: Никшић, pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]), is Montenegro's second-largest city, with an urban population of 66,700 as of the 2023 census. It lies in the western region of the country, at the heart of the expansive Nikšić field, nestled at the base of Trebjesa Hill.

Nikšić serves as the administrative center of the Nikšić Municipality, which encompasses a population of 65,705 and spans the largest area among all Montenegrin municipalities. By territory, it was also the largest municipality in the former Yugoslavia. The city plays a key role as a hub for industry, education, and culture in the country.
Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton
Frederick James Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton, CH, PC (23 August 1883 – 14 December 1964), was an English businessman and politician who served as chairman of the Conservative Party from 1946 to 1955.

In April 1940, he was appointed Minister of Food and established the rationing system. During this time, he maintained food imports from America and organised a programme of free school meals. The vegetarian Woolton pie was named after Woolton, as one of the recipes commended to the British public due to a shortage of meat, fish, and dairy products during the Second World War. In 1943, Woolton was appointed Minister of Reconstruction, planning for post-war Britain.

Woolton pie
Woolton pie was a pastry dish of vegetables, widely served in Britain in the Second World War when rationing and shortages made other dishes hard to prepare. The recipe was created by François Latry, Maître Chef des Cuisines at the Savoy Hotel in London, and appeared on the Savoy menu as "Le Lord Woolton Pie".

It was first publicised in an April 1941 article in The Times that described the dish as economic and wholesome and gave the recipe. It was one of a number of recipes commended to the British public by the Ministry of Food to enable a nutritious diet to be maintained despite shortages and rationing of food, especially meat.

It was named after Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton (1883–1964), who became Minister of Food in 1940 and who subsequently promoted the recipe.
Brooke Weston Academy
Brooke Weston Academy is an Academy in Corby, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom, teaching pupils from ages 11 to 18. It has consistently placed very highly in GCSE league tables and has an above average value added score at Key Stage 4. The value added score for Key Stage 5 is below average nationally, but slightly higher than the Northamptonshire average. Attainment on entry is well above average and the proportions of pupils with learning difficulties and disabilities or eligible for free school meals are much lower than average.

Corby
Corby is a town and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England, 23 miles (37 km) northeast of Northampton. In 2021 it had a population of 68,164. From 1974 to 2021, it was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Corby; at the 2021 Census, the former borough had a population of 75,571.

Corby was once known as "Little Scotland" due to the large number of Scottish workers who came to work in its steelworks. Corby has undergone regeneration with the opening of Corby railway station and Corby International Pool in 2009 and the Corby Cube in 2010. The Cube houses a 450-seat theatre, public library and other community amenities.
Gmina Janowiec Kościelny
Gmina Janowiec Kościelny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the village of Janowiec Kościelny, which lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Nidzica and 55 km (34 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn.

The gmina covers an area of 136.25 square kilometres (52.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 3,443.

Janowiec Kościelny
Janowiec Kościelny [jaˈnɔvjɛt͡s kɔɕˈt͡ɕɛlnɨ] is a village in Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Janowiec Kościelny.
Albert Edward Anson
Albert Edward Anson (14 September 1879 – 25 June 1936) was a British stage and screen actor.
Born in London, he made his first appearance onstage in 1895. He left the stage briefly to pursue a degree in engineering and returned to appear with Beerbohm Tree's company in 1904. He gained fame as a Shakespearian actor appearing on London and New York stages.

In 1931, Anson made his screen debut in John Ford's film Arrowsmith. Director Frank Capra cast him to play the "High Lama" in his film Lost Horizon, but Anson died before filming so the role was given to Sam Jaffe.

Arrowsmith (film)
Arrowsmith is a 1931 American pre-Code drama film directed by John Ford and starring Ronald Colman, Helen Hayes, Richard Bennett, and Myrna Loy. It was adapted from Sinclair Lewis's 1925 novel Arrowsmith by Sidney Howard, departing substantially from the book regarding Arrowsmith's womanizing and other key plot elements. The pre-Code film received four Oscar nominations, including the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Writing, Adaptation (Howard), Best Cinematography (Ray June), and Best Art Direction (Richard Day).
North Branch Penobscot River
The North Branch Penobscot River is a river in Somerset County, Maine. From its source at the outlet of Little Bog (46°09′23″N 69°57′21″W﻿ / ﻿46.1563°N 69.9557°W﻿ / 46.1563; -69.9557﻿ (North Branch Penobscot River source)) about 10 miles (16 km) east of the Canada–United States border in Maine Township 6, Range 17, WELS, the river runs 27.8 miles (44.7 km) southwest and southeast to its drowned confluence with the South Branch of the Penobscot River in Seboomook Lake in Pittston Academy Grant (T.2 R.4 NBKP).

In 1939, the Great Northern Paper Company impounded Fifth St. John Pond in T.6 R.17 and dug a 2-mile-long (3.2 km) canal from the pond allowing the diversion of water from the Saint John River's Baker Branch into the Penobscot's North Branch, to sluice wood to the company mill at Millinocket. Yellow perch also used the canal to spread into the upper Penobscot River drainage.

Baker Branch Saint John River
The Baker Branch Saint John River is a 48.0-mile-long (77.2 km) river. This river is a tributary of the Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), flowing in the Maine North Woods, in Maine, in the Northeastern United States.
Binnish
Binnish (Arabic: بِنِّش, romanized: Binniš, also spelled Binsh) is a city in northwestern Syria, administratively belonging to the Idlib Governorate, located just east of Idlib. Nearby localities include Kafriya and Maarrat Misrin to the northwest, al-Fu'ah to the north,  Ta'um and Taftanaz to the northeast, Afs to the southeast and Sarmin to the south. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Binnish had a population of 52,000 in the 2011 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslim.

The city is situated on a hill. The city name Binnish is mentioned in the Tablets of Ebla 2400 BC. The city is famous for olive, vine and fig trees besides its varied crops of all kinds.

Sarmin
Sarmin (Arabic: سَرْمِين, romanized: Sarmīn also spelled Sarmeen) is a town in northwestern Syria, administratively part of the Idlib Governorate, located 15 kilometers southeast of Idlib. It has an altitude of about 390 meters. Nearby localities include Binnish to the north, Talhiyah to the northeast, Afs to the east, Saraqib to the southeast, al-Nayrab to the south and Qminas to southwest. The Taftanaz Military Airbase is located 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) to the northeast.

According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Sarmin had a population of 14,530 in the 2004 census. It is the only locality in the Sarmin nahiyah ("subdistrict"). Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.