hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Courtesy lights
Courtesy lights are used to request right-of-way primarily by volunteer or on-call firefighters, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and other first responders to expedite their response in their privately owned vehicles to their firehouse, base, or directly to the scene of an emergency call. Courtesy lights sometimes allow the user to disobey traffic laws such as speed limits, but usually not laws applying to stop signs or stop lights. Courtesy lights should not be confused with emergency warning lights used in conjunction with audible warning systems (sirens) for emergency vehicles such as police cars, fire apparatus, ambulances, etc, nor should they be confused with warning lights as used by tow trucks, snow plows, construction vehicles and school buses to increase awareness especially when moving slowly or stopped in the roadway.

Emergency vehicle
An emergency vehicle is a vehicle used by emergency services. Emergency vehicles typically have specialized emergency lighting and vehicle equipment that allow emergency services to reach calls for service in a timely manner, transport equipment and resources, or perform their tasks efficiently. Emergency vehicles are usually operated by authorized government agencies, but some may also be operated by private entities where permitted by law.

Emergency vehicles are usually given right of way in traffic, and may be exempted from certain basic road laws to reach their destinations in the fastest possible time, such as driving through a red traffic light or exceeding the speed limit; however, this is almost always done with emergency lights and sirens on, to alert traffic that the emergency vehicle is approaching. In some jurisdictions, the driver of an emergency vehicle can face legal action if the driver shows "reckless disregard for the safety of others".
Kak'ik
Kak'ik is a soup made from a type of turkey called "chompipe" and is typical of Guatemalan cuisine. It is a food of pre-Hispanic origin. The name is of Mayan origin: it derives from the Q'eqchi' words kak (red) and ik (hot or very spicy). In 2007, it was declared part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Nation.

Although there are regional variations, the traditional recipe of the Las Verapaces region includes chompipe, garlic, onion, peppermint, coriander and Eryngium foetidum  (zamat) leaves. The red color is due to the ground annatto.

Its red color can be associated with the blood that was used in pre-Columbian ritual sacrifices.

It is generally accompanied with rice, white tamales wrapped in Calathea lutea (mashán) leaves, chili and a cocoa drink.

Guatemalan cuisine
Most traditional foods in Guatemalan cuisine are based on  Maya cuisine, with Spanish influence, and prominently feature corn, chilies and beans as key ingredients. Guatemala is famously home to the Hass avocado.

There are also foods that are commonly eaten on certain days of the week. For example, it is a popular custom to eat paches (a kind of tamale made from potatoes) on Thursday. Certain dishes are also associated with special occasions, such as fiambre for All Saints Day on November 1 and tamales, which are common around Christmas.
Doric Tetrapolis
The Doric Tetrapolis (Greek: Δωρική Τετράπολις) comprised a set of four closely situated cities in the valley of the Pindus River in the region of Doris in ancient Greece.  The four cities were Erineus, Boium, Cytinium, and Pindus. (Strabo x. p. 427.)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Tetropolis". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

Pindus (city)
38°40′53″N 22°22′38″E﻿ / ﻿38.6815°N 22.3773°E﻿ / 38.6815; 22.3773
Pindos or Pindus (Greek: Πίνδος), also called Acyphas or Akyphas (Ἀκύφας), was an ancient city and polis (city-state) of Greece, one of the towns of the tetrapolis of Doris, situated upon a river of the same name, which flows into the Cephissus near Lilaea. Strabo, Theopompus, and Stephanus of Byzantium call the city Akyphas. In one passage Strabo says that Pindus lay above Erineus, and in another he places it in the district of Oetaea; it is, therefore, probable that the town stood in the upper part of the valley, near the sources of the river in the mountain.

The ancient city was situated at a site called Ano Kastelli or Pyrgos, approximately 2.1 miles (3.4 km) southwest of Kastellia, and approximately 2.8 miles (4.5 km) northwest of Gravia.
Chingford
Chingford is a suburban town in east London, England, within the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The centre of Chingford is 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Chingford is bounded by the River Lea to the west, Epping Forest to the north and east, and Walthamstow to the south. It had a population of 70,583 at the 2021 census.

The name Chingford was first recorded in 913AD, with the ancient parish of Chingford being a largely rural farming community until urbanisation began in the late 19th century and became particularly pronounced in the interwar period.

The parish of Chingford was part of the Waltham hundred of Essex. The parish was granted urban district status in 1894, and municipal borough status in 1938. Its administrative headquarters were at Chingford Town Hall until 1965 when the Municipal Borough of Chingford merged with the municipal boroughs of Walthamstow and Leyton to form a new borough, Waltham Forest, within the new Greater London.

Hatch Lane (ward)
Hatch Lane was an electoral ward in the London Borough of Waltham Forest from 1978 to 2022. The ward was first used in the 1978 elections and last used for the 2018 elections, with a final by-election in 2021. It returned three councillors to Waltham Forest London Borough Council. The ward covered the Chingford Hatch and Friday Hill areas of Chingford.

The population of the ward of the ward at the 2011 Census was 11,058.
Chorso
Torson (known variously as Tercin, Torso, Chorso,  and Chorson) was the first count (or duke) of Toulouse (778 – 789 or 790).

He is called Chorso dux Tholosanus by the so-called "Astronomer" in his Vita Hludovici ("Life of Louis", year 789). Torson was the regent of Aquitaine during the first years of the reign of Louis the Pious there (from 781). In 788, he was captured by the Gascon Adalric and made to swear an oath of allegiance to the Duke of Gascony, Lupus II. This was the reason for his dismissal upon his release.

Adalric of Gascony
Adalric was probably a Basque lord in the late eighth century in Gascony. He has been called a possible Duke of Gascony by some scholars.

He was a possible son of Lupo II of Gascony. After Lupo's death, Adalric controlled western Gascony including Lower Navarre, Béarn, and Bigorre. His brother Sancho controlled the east.

In 788, he captured Chorso of Toulouse and made him swear a humiliating oath, either to himself or to Lupo II. Upon this Chorso was released, but Charlemagne dismissed him from his post. This incident gives rise to the notion that Adalric was in fact an independent Basque duke in Gascony, though others interpret him as a rival Carolingian count.

According to the spurious Charte d'Alaon, Adalric was captured by forces of Charlemagne and exiled to Hispania, later being killed in battle. This charter also makes him the father of Seguin I of Bordeaux and Centule. His relationships are, in fact, unknown.
Hagen–Dieringhausen railway
The Hagen–Dieringhausen railway (also called the Volmetalbahn: Volme Valley Railway) is a mostly single-track (continuously double track as far as Lüdenscheid-Brügge) and non-electrified railway line from Hagen Hauptbahnhof via Lüdenscheid-Brügge, Meinerzhagen and Gummersbach to Gummersbach-Dieringhausen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The Volmetalbahn is also the name of the trains running on this line as Regionalbahn service RB 52, from Lüdenscheid via Hagen to Dortmund. The RB 25 (Oberbergische Bahn) service runs from Lüdenscheid via Lüdenscheid-Brügge and Marienheide to Cologne on the line.

The railway and the Regionalbahn service are both named after the Volme river, which they both follow for most of their route.

Gummersbach station
Gummersbach station is on the Hagen–Dieringhausen railway and serves central Gummersbach in the Oberbergische district. Until the 1980s, Dieringhausen station, which is also in Gummersbach, was more important for the city as it had a rail workshop and was a railway junction. Gummersbach station only became more important with the closing of branch lines in the Oberbergische district and the associated loss of significance for Dieringhausen.

Lack of traffic means that the tracks are now reduced to the basics. The station's buildings were torn down in January 2012 in preparation for road works after years of disuse and new covered platforms were built.
The Crown season 3
The third season of The Crown  follows the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. It consists of ten episodes and was released by Netflix on 17 November 2019.

Olivia Colman stars as Elizabeth, along with main cast members Tobias Menzies, Helena Bonham Carter, Ben Daniels, Jason Watkins, Marion Bailey, Erin Doherty, Jane Lapotaire, Charles Dance, Josh O'Connor, Geraldine Chaplin, Michael Maloney, Emerald Fennell, and Andrew Buchan. John Lithgow and Pip Torrens return in cameo appearances.

Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
The Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the 25th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1977. It was celebrated with large-scale parties and parades throughout the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth throughout 1977, culminating in June with the official "Jubilee Days", held to coincide with the Queen's Official Birthday. The anniversary date itself was commemorated in church services across the land on 6 February 1977, and continued to be for the rest of that month. In March, preparations started for large parties in every major city of the United Kingdom, as well as for smaller ones for countless individual streets throughout the country.
HMS Palomares
HMS Palomares was a British anti-aircraft ship of the Second World War.

Originally MV Palomares, built by William Doxford & Sons, Sunderland yard in 1937, it operated as a merchant fruit carrier ship (a 13.5 kn (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph) banana boat) for service on the MacAndrews Line in January 1938 with their Spanish service.

Banana boat (ship)
Banana boat is a descriptive nickname that was given to fast ships, also called banana carriers, engaged in the banana trade. They were designed to transport easily spoiled bananas rapidly from tropical growing areas to North America and Europe. They often carried passengers as well as fruit.
Waihorotiu Stream
Waihorotiu (from the Māori Wai Horotiu), sometimes called the Waihorotiu Stream and the 'Queen Street River', is a stream that ran down the Queen Street gully in the Auckland CBD, New Zealand, into the Waitemata Harbour. It has long since been covered over and put underground by the urbanisation of the area.

Queen Street, Auckland
Queen Street is the major commercial thoroughfare in the Auckland CBD, Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. The northern end is at Queens Wharf on the Auckland waterfront, adjacent to the Britomart Transport Centre and the Downtown Ferry Terminal. The road is close to straight, the southern end being almost three kilometres away in a south-southwesterly direction on the Karangahape Road ridge, close to the residential suburbs in the interior of the Auckland isthmus.
Peter Glick (psychologist)
Peter Samuel Glick is an American social psychologist and the Henry Merritt Wriston Professor in the Social Sciences at Lawrence University. He is known for his research on gender stereotyping and ambivalent sexism. In 2022, Glick, Amy Cuddy, and Susan Fiske were honored with the Society of Experimental Social Psychology's Scientific Impact Award for their 2002 paper proposing the stereotype content model.

Amy Cuddy
Amy Joy Casselberry Cuddy (born July 23, 1972) is an American social psychologist, author and speaker. She is a proponent of "power posing", a self-improvement technique whose scientific validity has been questioned. She has served as a faculty member at Rutgers University, Kellogg School of Management and Harvard Business School. Cuddy's most cited academic work involves using the stereotype content model that she helped develop to better understand the way people think about stereotyped people and groups. Though Cuddy left her tenure-track position at Harvard Business School in the spring of 2017, she continues to contribute to its executive education programs.
Harry Hosier
Harry Hosier (c. 1750 – May 1806), better known during his life as "Black Harry", was an African American Methodist preacher during the Second Great Awakening in the early United States. Dr. Benjamin Rush said that, "...he was the greatest orator in America". His style was widely influential but he was never formally ordained by the Methodist Episcopal Church or the Rev. Richard Allen's separate African Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia.

Francis Asbury
Francis Asbury (August 20 or 21, 1745 – March 31, 1816) was a British-American Methodist minister who became one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. During his 45 years in the colonies and the newly independent United States, he devoted his life to ministry, traveling on horseback and by carriage thousands of miles to those living on the frontier.

Asbury spread Methodism in British colonial America and the United States as part of the Second Great Awakening. He also founded several schools during his lifetime, although his own formal education was limited. His journal is valuable to scholars for its account of frontier society, with references to many towns and villages in Colonial America.  Along with John and Charles Wesley, Asbury is often celebrated as one of the founders of the Methodist Church in the USA.
Făgăraș
Făgăraș (Romanian pronunciation: [fəɡəˈraʃ]; German: Fogarasch, Fugreschmarkt, Hungarian: Fogaras) is a city in central Romania, located in Brașov County. It lies on the river Olt and has a population of 26,284 as of 2021. It is situated in the historical region of Transylvania, and is the main city of a subregion, Țara Făgărașului.

Radu Negru
Radu Negru, also known as Negru Vodă ("The Black Voivode"), was a legendary voivode of Wallachia. He is a folk hero and the central figure behind the founding of Wallachia, which he would have ruled around 1290. His character and authenticity is typically regarded to be a blend of truth and fable, as many other similar and contemporary historical figures share his traits.
Gradishtë
Gradishtë is a municipality in the Fier County, western Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Divjakë. The population at the 2011 census was 7,521. The region is populated by Albanians and Aromanians.

The municipal unit comprises the following locations:

Këmishtaj

Mertish

Goricaj

Sopës

Fier-Seman

Gradishtë

Gungas

Spolet

Babunjë

Divjakë
Divjakë (Albanian: [ˈdivˈjakə]; Albanian definite form: Divjaka) is a municipality and town in Fier County, Albania. The municipality consists of the administrative units of Grabian, Gradishtë, Remas, Tërbuf with Divjakë constituting its seat. As of the Institute of Statistics estimate based on the 2011 census, there were 8,445 people residing in Divjakë and 34,254 in Divjakë Municipality.
1988 IMF/World Bank protests
The 1988 annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank were met with an international protest in West Berlin. Whereas the organizations' earlier meetings were met with smaller, national protests, the 1988 meetings attracted protesters internationally against what was the largest assembly of the international monetary order since the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. Protesters demonstrated against the IMF's austerity policies towards developing nations. Representatives from Third World countries called for debt cancellation, and others advocated for solutions to world hunger and poverty. Due to the protest's high-profile venue, media outlets extensively covered the protests. Later IMF and World Bank meetings received smaller protests, but following the 1999 Seattle WTO protests, all meetings of the IMF, World Bank, G7, and G8 summits were met with significant protests.

1999 Seattle WTO protests
The 1999 Seattle WTO protests, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Seattle, were a series of anti-globalization protests surrounding the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999, where members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) convened at the Washington State Convention and Trade Center in Seattle, Washington on November 30, 1999. The Conference was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations.

The negotiations were quickly overshadowed by massive street protests outside the hotels and the Washington State Convention and Trade Center. The protests were nicknamed "N30", akin to J18 and similar mobilizations. The large scale of the demonstrations, estimated at no fewer than 40,000 protesters, dwarfed any previous demonstration in the United States against a world meeting of any of the organizations generally associated with economic globalization, such as the WTO, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.
Mari Okada
Mari Okada (Japanese: 岡田 麿里, Hepburn: Okada Mari; born 23 April 1976) is a Japanese screenwriter, director and manga artist. She is one of the most prolific writers currently working in the anime industry. She won the 16th Animation Kobe Award.

Among her credits, Okada is best known for her writing and producing work on acclaimed anime series and films, including Toradora!, Anohana, Gosick, The Pet Girl of Sakurasou, Maquia: When the Promised Flower Blooms, and her original manga series and its anime adaptation O Maidens in Your Savage Season.

O Maidens in Your Savage Season
O Maidens in Your Savage Season (Japanese: 荒ぶる季節の乙女どもよ。, Hepburn: Araburu Kisetsu no Otome-domo yo) is a Japanese manga series written by Mari Okada and illustrated by Nao Emoto. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from December 2016 to September 2019, with its chapters collected in eight tankōbon volumes. The manga is licensed in English by Kodansha USA.

An anime television series adaptation produced by Lay-duce was broadcast on MBS's Animeism programming block from July to September 2019. A live-action television series adaptation was broadcast from September to October 2020.
Benedict III (archbishop of Esztergom)
Benedict (Hungarian: Benedek; died November 1276) was a Hungarian prelate in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Archbishop-elect of Esztergom from 1274 until his death. Previously, he held various posts in the royal chancellery.

Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest
The Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest (Latin: Archidioecesis Strigoniensis–Budapestinensis; Hungarian: Esztergom-Budapesti főegyházmegye) is a Latin Church archdiocese and primatial seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary and the metropolitan see of one of Hungary's four Latin Church ecclesiastical provinces.

The archdiocese's archbishop retains the title of "Primate", which gives this see precedence over all other Latin Hungarian dioceses, including the fellow Metropolitan Archbishops of Eger, Kalocsa–Kecskemét and Veszprém, but the incumbent may be individually (and temporarily) outranked if one of them holds a (higher) cardinalate. Its current Archbishop is Péter Erdő.
Δ-Viniferin
δ-Viniferin is a resveratrol dehydrodimer. It is an isomer of epsilon-viniferin. It can be isolated from stressed grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves. It is also found in plant cell cultures and wine. It can also be found in Rheum maximowiczii.

It is a grapevine phytoalexin following stresses like fungal infection (by Plasmopara viticola, the agent of downy mildew), UV light irradiation or ozone treatment.

Botryosphaeria obtusa, a pathogen responsible for the black dead arm disease of grapevine, has also been shown to be able to oxidise wood δ-resveratrol into delta-viniferin.

In cell cultures, the use of methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid as elicitors stimulates δ-viniferin biosynthesis.

Delta-viniferin can also be produced from resveratrol by human PTGS1 (COX-1, cyclooxygenase-1) or from trans-resveratrol and (−)-epsilon-viniferin by horseradish peroxidase.

Phytoalexin
Phytoalexins are antimicrobial substances, some of which are antioxidative as well. They are defined not by their having any particular chemical structure or character, but by the fact that they are defensively synthesized de novo by plants that produce the compounds rapidly at sites of pathogen infection. In general phytoalexins are broad spectrum inhibitors; they are chemically diverse, and different chemical classes of compounds are characteristic of particular plant taxa. Phytoalexins tend to fall into several chemical classes, including terpenoids, glycosteroids, and alkaloids; however, the term applies to any phytochemicals that are induced by microbial infection.
Thomas Rose (died 1837)
Thomas Rose (died 3 March 1837) was an early pioneer in the settlement of the British colony in New South Wales, Australia. After being transported from Britain for housebreaking, he established himself as first a baker, and then later a publican in Sydney. His grant and purchase of land in the Campbelltown area saw some of the earliest water conservation for agriculture in the colony, and the construction of one of the country's first windmills.

There was more than one Thomas Rose who played a pioneering role in the New South Wales colony. For the purposes of distinguishing them, this one is often known as Thomas Rose of Mount Gilead.

Rosemeadow, New South Wales
Rosemeadow is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rosemeadow is located around 45 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.
Charlotte Caniggia
Charlotte Chantal Solange Caniggia Nannis (born 15 February 1993) is an Argentine model, social media influencer, showgirl and media personality. She is the daughter of retired professional footballer Claudio Caniggia and retired model Mariana Nannis; her twin brother is Alexander Caniggia, also a media personality.

Claudio Caniggia
Claudio Paul Caniggia (Spanish: [ˈklawðjo kaˈnixja, - kaˈniʝa]; born 9 January 1967) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as forward or winger. Caniggia played 50 times for the Argentina national team. He appeared in three World Cups, and was a member of both rival clubs River Plate and Boca Juniors.

At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Caniggia scored two goals to help Argentina reach the final but was suspended for the final against West Germany.

Caniggia also scored two goals at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in a first-round match against Nigeria.

As well as appearing for River Plate and Boca Juniors, his other clubs include Atalanta, Benfica, Dundee and Rangers. Throughout his playing career, he played for clubs in Argentina, Italy, Portugal, Scotland and Qatar.
Ashland Transportation Center
Ashland Transportation Center is an intermodal transit station in Ashland, Kentucky. Jointly operated by the City of Ashland and CSX Transportation, it currently serves Amtrak's Cardinal train as well as the Ashland Bus System, Greyhound Lines, and regional shuttles. It is located at 99 15th Street near downtown Ashland.

Ashland, Kentucky
Ashland is a home rule-class city in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States. It is located on the southern bank of the Ohio River at the state border with Ohio and near West Virginia. The population was 21,625 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous city in Boyd County. It is a principal city of the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area, referred to locally as the "Tri-State area" and home to 376,155 residents in 2020. Ashland serves as an important economic and medical center for northeastern Kentucky.