hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CDGVAL
CDGVAL is a free shuttle rail service at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG), using the VAL (English: automatic light vehicle) driverless, rubber-tyred people mover technology. The first line, which connects the three airport terminals, train stations, and parking lots, opened on 4 April 2007. The second line, which connects Terminal 2 to two satellite terminals, opened on 27 June 2007.

Since 2015, the two lines have been operated by Transdev every day from 4:00 AM to 1:00 AM with bus services running during system closure. The 60 million annual passengers of the airport and its 85,000 employees generate an annual traffic of 10 million journeys on CDGVAL.

Véhicule Automatique Léger
Véhicule Automatique Léger (lit. 'automatic light vehicle') or VAL is a type of driverless (automated), rubber-tyred, light metro (people mover). The technology was developed at the Lille University of Science and Technology, was marketed by Matra, and first used in the early 1980s for the Lille Metro system, one of the world's first fully automated mass-transit rail networks, preceded only by the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The VAL technology is now marketed by Siemens, which acquired Matra in the late 1990s.

A total of 11 lines in 8 systems based on the VAL technology are currently in operation worldwide. The current version of the VAL product is marketed as NeoVal (with a distinction between AirVal for airport environments and CityVal for more conventional transit environments).

The name is a backronym, with the first project to use the technology nicknamed VAL after the routing of the line: Villeneuve d'Ascq à Lille (lit. 'Villeneuve d'Ascq to Lille').
Australian frontier wars
The Australian frontier wars were the violent conflicts between Indigenous Australians (including both Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) and mostly British settlers during the colonial period of Australia.

The first conflict took place several months after the landing of the First Fleet in January 1788, and the last conflicts occurred in the early 20th century following the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, with some occurring as late as 1934. Conflicts occurred in a number of locations across Australia.

Estimates of the number of people killed in the fighting vary considerably.

Pemulwuy
Pemulwuy (/pɛməlwɔɪ/ PEM-əl-woy; c. 1750 – c. 2 June 1802) was a Bidjigal warrior of the Dharug Nation, an Aboriginal Australian people from New South Wales. One of the most famous Aboriginal resistance fighters in the colonial era, he is noted for his resistance to British colonisation which began with the arrival of the First Fleet in January 1788.

Pemulwuy lived near Botany Bay, known as Kamay in the Dharug language. He is considered to have been a carradhy (cleverman), a Dharug spiritual healer and culture keeper. In 1790, Pemulwuy began a twelve-year guerrilla war against the colonists, which continued until his killing and beheading in 1802.

When Pemulwuy grew into manhood, he became Bemul Wagan, which represents "the earth and the crow". According to Dharug Indigenous activist Uncle Richard Green, "he wasn't very impressed with the mix of cultures. He preferred that we stayed within our own peoples". Another name for him was Butu Wagan, which means "crow".
DWWX-TV
DWWX-TV was the flagship VHF television station of the Philippine network ABS-CBN. The station was owned and operated by ABS-CBN Corporation, with its studio and transmitter located at the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center on Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila.

It was regarded as the first and oldest television station in the Philippines. The station served as the originating channel of the network's national programming, which was relayed to all its regional stations.

On May 5, 2020, the station's broadcasting operations, along with those of its sister television and radio stations, were effectively terminated following a cease-and-desist order issued by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), after the expiration of ABS-CBN's legislative franchise.

AMCARA Broadcasting Network
AMCARA Broadcasting Network was a Philippine television broadcast company. The company is located in Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City. The company is majority-owned by the heirs of Arcadio M. Carandang, one of the pioneers of Philippine television who worked for ABS-CBN.

AMCARA owned and operated a number of UHF television stations in the provinces affiliated with ABS-CBN Sports and Action (S+A, formerly Studio 23). On January 5, 2022, its former UHF frequencies (channel 23 and 43) were assigned by the National Telecommunications Commission to Aliw Broadcasting Corporation (for channel 23) and Swara Sug Media Corporation (for channel 43).
Multi expression programming
Multi Expression Programming (MEP) is an evolutionary algorithm for generating mathematical functions describing a given set of data. MEP is a Genetic Programming variant encoding multiple solutions in the same chromosome. MEP representation is not specific (multiple representations have been tested). In the simplest variant, MEP chromosomes are linear strings of instructions. This representation was inspired by Three-address code. MEP strength consists in the ability to encode multiple solutions, of a problem, in the same chromosome. In this way, one can explore larger zones of the search space. For most of the problems this advantage comes with no running-time penalty compared with genetic programming variants encoding a single solution in a chromosome.

Cartesian genetic programming
Cartesian genetic programming is a form of genetic programming that uses a graph representation to encode computer programs. It grew from a method of evolving digital circuits developed by Julian F. Miller and Peter Thomson in 1997. The term ‘Cartesian genetic programming’ first appeared in 1999 and was proposed as a general form of genetic programming in 2000. It is called ‘Cartesian’ because it represents a program using a two-dimensional grid of nodes.

Miller's keynote explains how CGP works. He edited a book entitled Cartesian Genetic Programming, published in 2011 by Springer.

The open source project dCGP implements a differentiable version of CGP developed at the European Space Agency by Dario Izzo, Francesco Biscani and Alessio Mereta  able to approach symbolic regression tasks, to find solution to differential equations, find prime integrals of dynamical systems, represent variable topology artificial neural networks and more.
Western Pacific Railroad (1862–1870)
The Western Pacific Railroad (1862–1870) was formed in 1862 to build a railroad from Sacramento, California, to the San Francisco Bay, the westernmost portion of the First transcontinental railroad.  After the completion of the railroad from Sacramento to Alameda Terminal on September 6, 1869, and then the Oakland Pier on November 8, 1869, which was the Pacific coast terminus of the transcontinental railroad, the Western Pacific Railroad was absorbed in 1870 into the Central Pacific Railroad.

Niles Canyon
Niles Canyon is a canyon in the San Francisco Bay Area formed by Alameda Creek, known for its heritage railroad and silent movie history.  The canyon is largely in an unincorporated area of Alameda County, while the western portion of the canyon lies within the city limits of Fremont and Union City.  The stretch of State Route 84 known as Niles Canyon Road traverses the length of the canyon from the Niles district of Fremont to the unincorporated town of Sunol.

Two railroads also follow the same route down the canyon from Sunol to Niles:  the old Southern Pacific track along the north side, now the Niles Canyon Railway, and the newer Union Pacific (formerly the Western Pacific) track a little to the south.  At the west end of the canyon are the ruins of the Vallejo Flour Mill, which dates to 1853.
Fruzhin
Fruzhin (Bulgarian: Фружин; also transliterated Fružin or Frujin;  died c. 1460) was a 15th-century Bulgarian noble who fought actively against the Ottoman conquest of the Second Bulgarian Empire. A son of one of the last Bulgarian tsars, Ivan Shishman of the Tarnovo Tsardom, Fruzhin co-organized the so-called Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin along with Constantine II of Vidin, the last medieval Bulgarian monarch. Fruzhin was mainly based in the Kingdom of Hungary, where he was the ruler of Temes County.

Constantine II of Bulgaria
Constantine II (Bulgarian: Константин, romanized: Konstantin) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Vidin from 1397 to 1422. He was born in the early 1370s and died in exile at the Serbian court on 17 September 1422. Constantine II claimed the title Emperor of Bulgaria and was accepted as such by foreign governments, but he is often omitted from listings of rulers of Bulgaria.
Al Jib
Al Jib or al-Jib (Arabic: الجيب) is a Palestinian village in the Jerusalem Governorate of the State of Palestine, located ten kilometers northwest of Jerusalem, partially in the seam zone of the West Bank. The surrounding lands are home to Al Jib Bedouin. Since 1967, Al Jib has been occupied by Israel and about 90% of its lands are classified as Area C. About a quarter of the land is seized by Military Orders for the establishment of Israeli settlements. Al Jib's Al Khalayleh neighborhood was separated from the rest of the city by the West Bank barrier. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Al Jib had a population of approximately 4,700 in 2006 and 3,862 by 2017.

Quds Governorate
The Quds Governorate (Arabic: محافظة القدس, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Quds), also known as Jerusalem Governorate, is one of the 16 governorates of Palestine and located in the central part of the West Bank. The current governor, appointed by the Palestinian National Authority, is Adnan Ghaith since 2018, who succeeded Adnan al-Husayni, appointed in 2008. The Governorate has two sub-districts: Jerusalem J1, which includes the localities within the territory controlled by the Israeli Jerusalem municipality (East Jerusalem), and Jerusalem J2, which includes the remaining parts of the Jerusalem Governorate. The district capital of the Governorate is East Jerusalem (al-Quds).

The total land area of the governorate is 344 km2. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the governorate had a population of 429,500 residents in 2005, accounting for 10.5% of Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories in 2022 population had risen to 482,854 as official Statistics.
Italia Mura
Italia Mura (名古屋港イタリア村, Nagoya Kō Itaria Mura; lit. "Nagoya Port Italy Village") was a themed commercial complex operated within the Nagoya Port Garden area within Nagoya Port in Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It consisted of theme park attractions such gondola and horse-drawn carriage rides as well as Italian-themed stores and restaurants. Italia Mura opened in April 2005, about a month before Nagoya established a sister city relationship with Turin.

Due to increasing debt, the facility closed in May 2008. The site was used by various businesses and as a cosplay backdrop until December 2014, when it was closed for demolition. Final demolition concluded in June 2015.

Port of Nagoya
The Port of Nagoya (名古屋港, Nagoyakō), located in Ise Bay, is the largest and busiest trading port in Japan, accounting for about 10% of the total trade value of Japan. Notably, this port is the largest exporter of cars in Japan and where the Toyota Motor Corporation exports most of its cars. It has piers in Nagoya, Tōkai, Chita, Yatomi, and Tobishima.

Its mascots are Potan and Mitan.

According to Japanese media sources, Kodo-kai, a yakuza faction in the Yamaguchi-gumi group, earns large revenues by controlling the stevedoring and warehousing companies at the port.
Hakim family
The Hakim family is a prominent family of Shiite Islam scholars from Najaf, Iraq who claim descent from the Alids. They belong to a Tabatabaei branch whose scholarly involvement has revolved around Iraq for centuries. The family faced extensive persecution and executions at the hand of Saddam Hussein's government, yet it maintains a prominent role in Iraq and the Middle East.

Abdul Aziz al-Hakim
Ayatollah Abdul Aziz al-Hakim (/ˈɑːbdʊl əˈziːz æl həˈkiːm/ ⓘ AHB-duul ə-ZEEZ al hə-KEEM; Arabic: سید عبد العزيز الحكيم;‎ 1952 – 26 August 2009) was an Iraqi theologian, politician and a former leader of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq. He also served as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq (40th Prime Minister of Iraq)

He was a member of the United States-appointed Iraqi Governing Council and served as its president in December 2003. Brother of the Shia leader Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, he succeeded him as leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq when Mohammed Baqir was assassinated in August 2003 in Najaf.
Judge Robert Lynn Batts House
The Judge Robert Lynn Batts House is a historic home in central Austin, Texas, United States. It was built 1924–1925 for Judge Robert Lynn Batts and his family. Over the course of several decades, Judge Batts served in the Texas House of Representatives, as assistant attorney general of Texas, and as a law professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

The 2+1⁄2-story home was built at the top of the hill overlooking Shoal Creek to the east. It is a part of the Old West Austin Historic District.

The home is located at 1505 Windsor Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Old West Austin Historic District
The Old West Austin Historic District is a residential community in Austin, Texas, United States. It is composed of three neighborhoods located on a plateau just west of downtown Austin: Old Enfield, Pemberton Heights, and Bryker Woods. Developed between 1886 and 1953, the three historic neighborhoods stretch from Mopac Expressway east to Lamar Boulevard, and from 13th Street north to 35th Street. It borders Clarksville Historic District and the West Line Historic District to the south.

The streetcar had propelled Austin's earlier local suburban development, but Enfield, Pemberton Heights, and Bryker Woods were the city's first automobile suburbs. As a well-preserved collection of early-to-mid-20th century residences, the historic district evokes the measured spread of suburban development that paralleled the city's steady growth. The three neighborhoods that together form Old West Austin were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Bureau County, Illinois
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bureau County, Illinois.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Bureau County, Illinois, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 19 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Bureau County, Illinois
Bureau County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,244. Its county seat is Princeton. Bureau County is part of the Ottawa, Illinois, Micropolitan Statistical Area, and the Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park is located partly in this county.
Richard Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill
Field Marshal Richard Frederick Vincent, Baron Vincent of Coleshill, GBE, KCB, DSO (23 August 1931 – 8 September 2018) was a British Army officer. After serving with British Army of the Rhine he served with the Commonwealth Brigade in Malaysia during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. He commanded the 12th Light Air Defence Regiment in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, for which he was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order, and later commanded the 19th Airportable Brigade. Although he never served as one of the individual service heads, he went on to be Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff in the late 1980s and then Chief of the Defence Staff in the aftermath of the Gulf War. He subsequently became Chair of the Military Committee of NATO in the mid-1990s.

Royal Military College of Science
The Royal Military College of Science (RMCS) was a British postgraduate school, research institution and training provider with origins dating back to 1772. It became part of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom in 2009, and ceased to exist as an independent unit in 2015.
Mallakastër
Mallakastër (Albanian definite form: Mallakastra) is a region and a municipality in Fier County, southwestern Albania. It was created in 2015 by the merger of the present municipalities Aranitas, Ballsh, Fratar, Greshicë, Hekal, Kutë, Ngraçan, Qendër Dukas and Selitë. The seat of the municipality is the town Ballsh. The total population is 27,062 (2011 census), in a total area of 329.37 km2. It is coterminous with the former Mallakastër District.

Aranitas
Aranitas is a village and a former municipality in Fier County, Albania. During the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality of Mallakastër. The population at the 2011 census was 2,714. The name is derived from the Arianiti family, an Albanian noble family in the late Middle Ages.
Paul Levinson
Paul Levinson (born March 25, 1947) is an American media theorist, novelist, singer-songwriter, and short story writer. He currently serves as professor of communications and media studies at Fordham University in New York City.  His novels, short fiction, and non-fiction works have been translated into sixteen languages. He is frequently quoted in news articles and appears as a guest commentator on major news outlets.

Ellie Greenwich
Eleanor Louise Greenwich (October 23, 1940 – August 26, 2009) was an American pop music singer, songwriter, and record producer. She wrote or co-wrote "Da Doo Ron Ron", "Be My Baby", "Maybe I Know", "Then He Kissed Me", "Do Wah Diddy Diddy", "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)", "Hanky Panky", "Chapel of Love", "Leader of the Pack", and "River Deep – Mountain High", among others.
The Columns (Murfreesboro, North Carolina)
The Columns, also known as the McDowell Columns Building, is a historic school building located at Murfreesboro, Hertford County, North Carolina.  It was built about 1852, and is a three-story, Greek Revival-style stuccoed brick building with a low hip roof and octagonal belvedere.  The front facade features a massive portico supported by eight Doric order columns.  It was built to house the Chowan Baptist Female Institute, later Chowan University.  The building houses the school's administrative offices.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

Chowan University
Chowan University (/tʃoʊˈwɒn/) is a private Christian university in Murfreesboro, North Carolina, United States. The university offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees in 70 academic disciplines and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
Baptist Church in Exeter
The Baptist Church in Exeter, also known as Chestnut Hill Baptist Church, is a historic building located in Exeter, Rhode Island.

The church building was constructed in 1838  in a Greek Revival style. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1978. Mercy Brown, an alleged vampire, was buried in the Chestnut Hill Baptist Church cemetery in 1892 and later exhumed.

Mercy Brown gravestone in Chestnut Hill Baptist Church Cemetery

Grange Hall adjacent to the church

Exeter, Rhode Island
Exeter is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Exeter extends east from the Connecticut border to the town of North Kingstown. It is bordered to the north by West Greenwich and East Greenwich, and to the south by Hopkinton, Richmond, and South Kingstown. Exeter's postal code is 02822, although small parts of the town have the mailing address West Kingston (02892) or Saunderstown (02874). The population was 6,460 at the 2020 census.
Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater
The Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater (Ukrainian: Національний академічний драматичний театр імені Івана Франка, romanized: Natsionalnyi akademichnyi dramatychnyi teatr imeni Ivana Franka), located in Kyiv, was founded in 1920. It plays an important role in the history of Ukrainian culture. Real masters worked here and continue to delight their fans: actors, directors, composers, set designers. The repertoire is based on national and World Classics. You can watch performances both on the main stage and in the chamber. Each performance is a separate world, a variety of ways of artistic solution, and unusual productions. Bohdan Benyuk, Anatoly Khostikoev, Ostap Stupka, Natalia Sumskaya work on the stage of this theater.

Hnat Yura
Hnat Petrovych Yura (Ukrainian: Гнат Петрович Юра, IPA: [ɦnɑt peˈtrɔwɪtʃ juˈrɑ]; also Gnat Yura; 8 January [O.S. 27 December] 1888 – January 18, 1966) was a Soviet and Ukrainian director, actor of theatre and film, pedagogue. He directed two films, and appeared on screen six times during the Soviet era. Yura received titles of professor (1946), People's Actor of Ukraine (1930), and People's Actor of the Soviet Union (1940).
Fagaliʻi
Fagaliʻi or Fagaliʻi-uta is a village on the island of Upolu in the Samoa archipelago approximately 5 kilometres south-east of Apia. It is in the electoral constituency of Vaimauga East (faipule district) which forms part of the larger political district of Tuamasaga.

The population of Fagaliʻi is 1439.

Fagaliʻi International Airport and the Royal Samoa Golf Course are both located nearby in Fagaliʻi Uta.

Apia
Apia (Samoan: [a.pi.a]) is the capital and largest city of Samoa. It is located on the central north coast of Upolu, Samoa's second-largest island. Apia falls within the political district (itūmālō) of Tuamasaga.

The Apia Urban Area (generally known as the City of Apia) has a population of 35,974 (2021 census). Its geographic boundaries extend from the east approximately from Letogo village in Vaimauga to the west in the newer, industrialized region of Apia which extends to Vaitele village in Faleata.
Magnus Caris
Magnus Caris (born 15 November 1968) is a Swedish former professional darts player who competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO), World Seniors Darts (WSD) and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events.

Martin Adams
Martin Adams (born 4 June 1956) is an English professional darts player who competes in World Darts Federation (WDF) events. Nicknamed "Wolfie", he is a three-time BDO World Champion and three-time World Masters champion. He represents Cambridgeshire at county darts level and was the captain of England from 1993 to 2013, the longest any player has held that role. From his debut in 1994, Adams made a record 25 consecutive World Championship appearances, before failing to qualify for the first time in 2019. Adams was diagnosed with prostate cancer in April 2016, but by the end of the year he was given the all-clear. As well as playing, he also acted as a regular pundit and commentator for televised coverage of BDO events.
Len Smith (rugby)
Len Smith (1918–2000) was an Australian representative rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1930s and 1940s. He captained the Kangaroos in two Tests in 1948 and was controversially omitted from the 1948-49 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain.

Newtown Jets
The Newtown Jets are a rugby league football club based in Marrickville, a suburb of Sydney's inner west. They currently compete in the NSW Cup competition, having left the top grade after the 1983 NSWRFL season. The Jets' home ground is Henson Park, and their team colours are blue (traditionally royal blue) and white.

Established in 1908, Newtown were one of the founding members of the New South Wales Rugby Football League. They competed continuously in the NSWRFL premiership until their departure in 1983, the first reduction in the League since 1937. Over this period they won the competition three times.