hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Étude in D-sharp minor, Op. 8, No. 12
Étude in D-sharp minor, Op. 8, No. 12, is an étude for piano composed by Alexander Scriabin in 1894. Its technical challenges include numerous jumps in the left hand, repetitive chord strikes, and abundant octaves. It was a favorite encore of Vladimir Horowitz.

D-sharp minor
D-sharp minor is a minor scale based on D♯, consisting of the pitches D♯, E♯, F♯, G♯, A♯, B, and C♯. Its key signature has six sharps.

Its relative major is F-sharp major (or enharmonically G-flat major). Its parallel major, D-sharp major, is usually replaced by E-flat major, since D-sharp major's two double-sharps make it generally impractical to use. Its enharmonic equivalent, E-flat minor, has six flats.

The D-sharp natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Birdsall House
Birdsall House is an English country house in Birdsall, North Yorkshire. It is a Grade II* listed building.

The house dates from the late 16th century but was remodelled in 1749 with addition of second storey (third floor) to the main range. A wing was added in 1776 and a matching right wing added in 1872.

It is constructed in ashlar with Welsh slate roofs. The central range is a 3-storey, 5-bay building connected to outlying 2-storey 2-bay side wings by single cell units. The house was the first house in England to benefit from a private gas system.

Birdsall, North Yorkshire
Birdsall is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 180, increasing to 343 at the 2011 Census.  The village is about four miles south of Malton and the parish also includes the village of North Grimston.

It was historically part of the East Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, between 1974 and 2023 it was part of the Ryedale district. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Primula clarkei
Primula clarkei is a species of flowering plant within the genus Primula and family Primulaceae. The species is endemic to the Western Himalayas, where it can be found in Poshiana of the Pir Panjal mountain range.

Primula
Primula (/ˈprɪmjʊlə/) is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Primulaceae. They include the primrose (P. vulgaris), a familiar wildflower of banks and verges. Other common species are P. auricula (auricula), P. veris (cowslip), and P. elatior (oxlip). These species and many others are valued for their ornamental flowers. They have been extensively cultivated and hybridised (in the case of the primrose, for many hundreds of years). Primula are native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical mountains in Ethiopia, Indonesia, and New Guinea, and in temperate southern South America. Almost half of the known species are from the Himalayas.

Primula has over 500 species in traditional treatments, and more if certain related genera are included within its circumscription.
Mount Emily (Union County, Oregon)
Mount Emily is a mountain in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon in the United States. It is located in western Union County on the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest.

Mount Emily is visible from much of the Grande Ronde Valley. Its southern edge is a landmark in, and symbol of, the city of La Grande.

Mt. Emily was named after Emily Leasey, of the Leasey family who were among the first white settlers of the Grande Ronde Valley. The area hosts many opportunities for recreation, including mountain biking.

La Grande, Oregon
La Grande (/ləˈɡrænd/) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Oregon, United States. La Grande is Union County's largest city, with a population of 13,026 at the time of the  2020 U.S. Census. The La Grande  micropolitan population is 25,076. It is the 16th largest metro or  micropolitan area in Oregon.

La Grande is located on the western margin of the Grande Ronde Valley that is bounded by the Blue Mountains and Wallowa Mountains. These mountains and the Grande Ronde River offer abundance of natural resources and wildlife. Initially a logging and agriculture town, it has become a sports and recreation destination.

It is the hub for surrounding communities offering outdoor recreation, shopping centers and entertainment. La Grande is known for its theater and arts as the downtown area boasts Liberty Theater and the Elgin Opera House often has local showings. La Grande also is a college town with a student population of 2,825 at Eastern Oregon University.
Uchylsko
Uchylsko [uˈxɨlskɔ] is a village in Gmina Gorzyce, Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It was first mentioned in a written document in 1229.

The village was first mentioned in the document of Pope Gregory IX issued on 26 May 1229 among villages belonging to Benedictine abbey in Tyniec, as Uchilsko. Benedictine abbey in Orlová (established in 1268) in the late 13th century had rights to revenues from three villages in the Castellany of Racibórz, namely Gorzyce, Uchylsko and Gołkowice.

Gorzyce, Silesian Voivodeship
Gorzyce [ɡɔˈʐɨt͡sɛ] is a village and the seat of Gmina Gorzyce in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It lies near the border with the Czech Republic, approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Wodzisław Śląski.
Comberford
Comberford is a small settlement in Staffordshire, England. It lies by the River Tame, about 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Tamworth along the A513 road. Historically part of the parish of Wigginton, it is now within the Wigginton and Hopwas civil parish in the district of Lichfield.

There is an Anglican church in the village, dedicated to St Mary and St George.

Wigginton and Hopwas
Wigginton and Hopwas is a civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. The villages of Wigginton and Hopwas, that make up the parish, lie 2 miles to the north and north-west, respectively, of Tamworth. They are separated by the River Tame, the Coventry Canal and the West Coast Main Line. The parish also includes the hamlet of Comberford.

The civil parish is based on the old ecclesiastical parish of Wigginton; Hopwas had been part of the parish of Tamworth. It contains several listed buildings, including churches at Wigginton and at Hopwas, farms and houses, and even a listed milepost in Hopwas.
Integrator
An integrator in measurement and control applications is an element whose output signal is the time integral of its input signal. It accumulates the input quantity over a defined time to produce a representative output.

Integration is an important part of many engineering and scientific applications. Mechanical integrators are the oldest type and are still used for metering water flow or electrical power. Electronic analogue integrators, which have generally displaced mechanical integrators, are the basis of analog computers and charge amplifiers. Integration can also be performed by algorithms in digital computers.

Op amp integrator
The operational amplifier integrator is an electronic integration circuit. Based on the operational amplifier (op-amp), it performs the mathematical operation of integration with respect to time; that is, its output voltage is proportional to the input voltage integrated over time.
World Skate
World Skate is the only governing body in the world for all sports performed on skating wheels. The organisation is the successor of the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS) founded on 21 April 1924.

Artistic Skating World Championships
The Artistic Skating World Championships ('Worlds') is an annual artistic roller skating competition sanctioned by World Skate (previously the International Roller Sports Federation; FIRS) in which elite figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion. First held in 1946, the event is regarded the most prestigious of the sport and a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in artistic skating. Skaters compete in many different categories such as men's singles, ladies singles, pairs, and junior categories at the World Championships.

Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Skate banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from its competitions, and will not stage any events in Russia or Belarus in 2022.
Invasor (horse)
Invasor (foaled August 3, 2002) is a Thoroughbred racehorse bred in Argentina by Haras Clausan (Haras Santa Ines).  The winner of the 2005 Triple Crown in Uruguay, he was later purchased by Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum, who paid approximately US$1.4 million for the horse. His two biggest wins were the 2006 Breeders' Cup Classic, in which he defeated heavily favored Bernardini and highly fancied Lava Man, and the 2007 Dubai World Cup, the world's richest horse race. He finished racing with a record of eleven wins in twelve starts and career earnings of $7,804,070. He was voted the Eclipse Award for American Horse of the Year and led the year-end World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings in 2006. In 2013 he was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in Saratoga Springs, New York.

Discreet Cat
Discreet Cat (May 1, 2003 - May 25, 2023) was a thoroughbred race horse. As a foal of 2003 (May 1), the bay colt won the UAE Derby in March 2006. He was then shipped to the United States, but did not race in the Kentucky Derby or any other Triple Crown races.
Fairfield, North Dakota
Fairfield is an unincorporated community in northeastern Billings County, North Dakota, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 85, northeast of the city of Medora, the county seat of Billings County. It has a post office serving the ZIP code of 58627.

Fairfield is part of the Dickinson Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Dickinson micropolitan area, North Dakota
The Dickinson Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Census Bureau as comprising all of Billings, Dunn, and Stark Counties in North Dakota, anchored by the city of Dickinson. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,686 and was estimated to be 38,861 in 2024.
Étoiles de Pau
The Étoiles de Pau or Stars of Pau is an annual three-day event held in Pau, in the South of France, near the Pyrénées mountains. It is one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) five-star events in the world (the highest level of competition) as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and the only one held in France. It takes place every year in October in the Domaine de Sers in Pau.

The six others CCI Five Stars are the Burghley Horse Trials and Badminton Horse Trials, held in Great Britain, the Kentucky Three-Day Event and the Maryland 5 Star held in the United States, the Australian International Three Day Event, held in Australia, and the Luhmühlen Horse Trials, held in Germany.

Concours Complet International
The Concours Complet International (CCI) is the competition rating for the equestrian sport of eventing, given by the international governing body for the sport, the FEI. The rating system was recently changed, effective 1 January 2019.

Originally, competitions were held in two formats, CCI and CIC (Concours International Combiné). The difference between the two was that the 4 phases of cross-country (A, B, C, and D) were held in CCI competition, while CIC (Concours International Combiné) competition only ran the D phase. With the advent of the new format (which abolished phases A, B, and C), the FEI agreed to change the distances of the CCI to make it more difficult than the CIC competitions. Thus, CIC competitions had fewer obstacles on a shorter course than CCI competitions.

As of 1 January 2019, CCI competitions have been renamed to CCI-L (Long) and CIC to CCI-S (Short). The term CIC is no longer officially in use.
Skirveggen
Skirveggen is a mountain in Tinn Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The 1,380-metre (4,530 ft) tall mountain is located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of the village of Tinn Austbygd and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest of the village of Nore. It is the highest mountain in the Vegglifjell mountain range which lies along the border of Telemark and Buskerud.

The summit lies in Tinn municipality in Telemark, but the border with Nore og Uvdal municipality in Buskerud is only 100 metres (330 ft) to the northeast of the peak. The mountain has a steep east flank, the other sides are gently sloped. It has a flat summit, where the actual high point is difficult to make out.

Tinn
Tinn is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional districts of Aust-Telemark and Upper Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Rjukan. Some of the villages in Tinn include Atrå, Austbygde, Hovin, and Miland.

The 2,045-square-kilometre (790 sq mi) municipality is the 34th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tinn is the 172nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,546. The municipality's population density is 3 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.8/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The Krossobanen is the oldest aerial tramway in Northern Europe. It was built in 1928 as a gift from Norsk Hydro. The Hardangervidda National Park center is located at the lake Møsvatn, just east of Tinn.
Fontana delle Tartarughe
The Fontana delle Tartarughe (The Turtle Fountain) is a fountain of the late Italian Renaissance, located in Piazza Mattei, in the Sant'Angelo district of Rome, Italy.  It was built between 1580 and 1588 by the architect Giacomo della Porta and the sculptor Taddeo Landini.  The bronze turtles around the upper basin, usually attributed either to Gian Lorenzo Bernini or Andrea Sacchi, were added in either 1658 or 1659 when the fountain was restored.

Sant'Angelo (rione of Rome)
Sant'Angelo is the 11th rione of Rome, Italy, located in Municipio I. Often written as rione XI - Sant'Angelo, it has a coat of arms with an angel on a red background, holding a palm branch in its left hand. In another version, the angel holds a sword in its right hand and a scale in its left.

Sant'Angelo, the smallest of Rome's rioni, lies along the Tiber river east of Tiber Island.  Rioni bordering this district, clockwise from north to south, include Regola, Sant'Eustachio, Pigna, Campitelli, and Ripa.  Sant'Angelo's western border is the river.

The rione's terrain is low and flat and, until the construction of the Lungotevere, particularly susceptible to flooding from the river.

The historical significance of Sant'Angelo is mainly the result of the presence here of the Roman Ghetto.
Steam 125
Steam 125 was a series of events held in 1998 to mark the 125th anniversary of the Isle of Man Railway opening its first route from Douglas to Peel. This line was closed in 1968 but the line to Port Erin which opened the following year remains in operation. Although there are still annual events, this was the last of the "big" railway events on the island which had begun with the Year of Railways in 1993 to mark the centenary of the Manx Electric Railway.

Isle of Man Railway
The Isle of Man Railway (IMR) is a narrow gauge steam-operated railway connecting Douglas with Castletown and Port Erin in the Isle of Man. The line is 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge and 15+1⁄2 miles (25 kilometres) long. It is the remainder of what was a much larger network (over 46 miles or 74 kilometres) that also served the western town of Peel, the northern town of Ramsey and the mining village of Foxdale. Now in government ownership, it uses original rolling stock and locomotives and there are few concessions to modernity.
Kamishibai
Kamishibai (紙芝居, "paper play") is a form of Japanese street theater and storytelling that was popular during the Great Depression of the 1930s and the postwar period in Japan until the advent of television during the mid-20th century. Kamishibai were performed by a kamishibaiya ("kamishibai narrator") who travelled to street corners with sets of illustrated boards that they placed in a miniature stage-like device and narrated the story by changing each image.

Kamishibai has its earliest origins in Japanese Buddhist temples, where Buddhist monks from the 8th century onward used emakimono ("picture scrolls") as pictorial aids for recounting their history of the monasteries, an early combination of picture and text to convey a story.

Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II
Japanese propaganda in the period just before and during World War II, was designed to assist the governing regime. Many of its elements were continuous with pre-war themes of Shōwa statism, including the principles of kokutai, hakkō ichiu, and bushido. New forms of propaganda were developed to persuade occupied countries of the benefits of the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, to undermine American troops' morale, to counteract claims of Japanese atrocities, and to present the war to the Japanese people as victorious. It started with the Second Sino-Japanese War, which merged into World War II. It used a large variety of media to send its messages.
Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh
The building known as the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh (also known as the Records Office) is located in the 'Central City' area of the ancient Egyptian city of Akhetaten, known as Amarna in modern times.  The city was the short-lived capital during the reign of the pharaoh Akhenaten during ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty.

Amarna
Amarna (/əˈmɑːrnə/; Arabic: العمارنة, romanized: al-ʿAmārna) is an extensive ancient Egyptian archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the capital city during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.

The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about 58 km (36 mi) south of the city of al-Minya, 312 km (194 mi) south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and 402 km (250 mi) north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.

Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era.
Rural City of Benalla
The Rural City of Benalla is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of 2,353 square kilometres (908 sq mi) and, in August 2021, had a population of 14,528.

It includes the towns of Baddaginnie, Benalla, Devenish, Goorambat, Major Plains, Swanpool, Tatong, Thoona, Warrenbayne and Winton. It was formed in 2002 from the de-amalgamation of the Delatite Shire into the current rural city and the Shire of Mansfield, the former being a merger between the latter, the Shire of Benalla and the City of Benalla.

The Rural City is governed and administered by the Benalla Rural City Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Benalla. The Rural City is named after the main urban settlement located in the centre-north of the LGA, that is Benalla, which is also the LGA's most populous urban centre with a population of 10,331.

Thoona
Thoona is a town in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. The town is in the Rural City of Benalla local government area, 247 kilometres (153 mi) north east of the state capital Melbourne. At the 2006 census, Thoona and the surrounding area had a population of 474 dropping to just 127 ten years later.

Thoona Post Office opened on 18 August 1882. Thoona Primary School closed in 2015.

The town itself is located on the edge of a small hill and the word Thoona is Aboriginal for “small hill”, also. The Warby Ranges are around 5 kilometres (3 mi) east.  Thoona was home to the first co-operative butter factory in north-east Victoria. In March each year Thoona hosts the Victorian Wheelie Bin championships. A documentary on the event was made in 2001.
Banovina Palace (Novi Sad)
The Banovina Palace in Novi Sad, Serbia, is a complex consisting of two buildings. The larger Banovina serves as the seat of the Government of Vojvodina, while the smaller Banski dvor serves as the seat of the Assembly of Vojvodina. The buildings, designed by Dragiša Brašovan, were constructed between 1936 and 1940 in modernist style (with art deco and stripped classicism elements) as the administrative seat of the Danube Banovina.

Assembly of Vojvodina
The Assembly of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Војводине, romanized: Skupština Vojvodine), formally the Assembly of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbian: Скупштина Аутономне Покрајине Војводине, romanized: Skupština Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine), is the legislative body of Vojvodina, an autonomous province of Serbia.

The assembly is composed of 120 deputies who are proportionally elected to four-year terms by secret ballot. The current assembly was elected in 2023 provincial elections. The assembly elects a president (speaker) who presides over the sessions, currently Juhász Bálint of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians.
Ita Fort
Ita Fort in Itanagar town is an important historical site in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The name literally means "Fort of Bricks" (brick being called "Ita" in the Assamese language). It also lends its name to the city Itanagar, the capital of Arunachal Pradesh. The Ita Fort at Arunachal Pradesh is generally assumed to be built by the Sutiya kings in the 14th or the 15th century. The fort has an irregular shape, built mainly with bricks dating back to the 14th - 15th century. The total brickwork is of 16,200 cubic metre lengths which was probably built by kings of the Sutiya kingdom which ruled the region during that time. The architectural style of the walls of the fort, with a stone masonry base and layers of bricks on top of it, is similar to the enclosure walls of Tamreswari Temple and  Rukmini Nagar. Archaeological finds from the site are on displayed at the Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar.

Itanagar
Itanagar (/iːˈtɑːnəɡər/pronunciationⓘ) is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. The seat of Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the seat of government of Arunachal Pradesh, and the seat of Gauhati High Court permanent bench at Naharlagun are all in Itanagar. Being the hub of all the major economic bases, Itanagar, along with the adjacent town of Naharlagun, comprises the administrative region of the Itanagar Capital Complex Region. This stretches from the Itanagar Municipal limit at Chandranagar Town, extended until Nirjuli Town, and is a major junction of cultural, economic, fashion, education and recreational activities.
Mount Brown (philatelist)
Mount Brown (1837-19 September 1919) was an early British philatelist and the compiler of only the second published stamp catalogue in the English language. Brown attended the City of London School and started to collect stamps in around 1860.

Stamp catalog
A stamp catalog (or stamp catalogue) is a catalog of postage stamp types with descriptions and prices.

The stamp catalog is an essential tool of philately and stamp collecting. Stamp catalogs are part of philatelic literature.

Similar catalogs of other collectible objects, such as matchboxes (phillumeny) and postcards (deltiology) have also been issued.