hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yarlung Valley
The Yarlung Valley is formed by Yarlung Chu, a tributary of the Tsangpo River in the Shannan Prefecture in the Tibet autonomous region of China. It refers especially to the district where Yarlung Chu joins with the Chongye River, and broadens out into a large plain about 2 km wide, before it flows into the Tsangpo River. It is situated in Nedong District of the Shannan Prefecture and includes the capital of the prefecture, Tsetang, one of Tibet's largest cities, 183 km southeast of Lhasa. 29°12′N 91°46′E﻿ / ﻿29.200°N 91.767°E﻿ / 29.200; 91.767

It was originally well-forested and suitable for agriculture. The Tsetang district is famous for its apples and pears.

The Yarlung and the adjoining Chongye Valley formed the original seat of the Yarlung dynasty of Tibetan kings and controlled important ancient trade routes into India and Bhutan. The first Tibetan Emperor, Songtsen Gampo (605 or 617? - 649), moved the capital to Lhasa after greatly expanding his territories and power.

Yungbulakang Palace
Yumbulagang (Tibetan: ཡུམ་བུ་བླ་སྒང།, Wylie: yum bu bla sgang) or Yumbu Lakhar (Tibetan: ཡུམ་བུ་བླ་མཁར​།, Wylie: yum bu bla mkhar) is the original palace of the Yarlung kings of Tibet. In the Tibetan mythology, it was the first building in Tibet, and was the palace of the legendary first Tibetan king, Nyatri Tsenpo, who is said to have reigned from 127 BCE.

Yumbulagang stands on a hill at a bend along the Yarlung Tsampo River, on the eastern bank of the Yarlung Valley of southeast Lhokha, about 192 kilometres (119 mi) southeast of Lhasa and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of Tsetang. The palace and its shrine were demolished during the 1966–1976 Cultural Revolution, and the palace has been partially rebuilt.
Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Novgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa, are located in the oblast. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod and surroundings have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Population: 583,387 (2021 Census).

Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway
The Saint Petersburg to Moscow railway (1855–1923 – Nikolaevskaya railway) runs for 649.7 kilometers (403.7 mi) through four oblasts: Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver and Moscow. It is a major traffic artery in the north-west region of Russia, operated by the October Railway subdivision of Russian Railways.

It is the only high speed railway line in the world that is powered by DC electrification.
New Al Mirqab
New Al Mirqab (Arabic: المرقاب الجديد, romanized: Al-Mirqāb al-Jadīdah; also referred to as Al Mirqab Al Jadeed) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Doha.

Together with Al Sadd and Fereej Al Nasr, it makes up Zone 39 which has 23,853 people in it.

Al Sadd (Qatar)
Al Sadd (Arabic: اَلسَّدّ, romanized: As Sadd) is a neighborhood of Doha, the capital city of Qatar. The football team Al-Sadd and the Al-Sadd Sports Complex are located here. Rumeilah Hospital and The Children's Hospital are also based in the district.

Since the start of the 21st century, the district has witnessed massive development, resulting in the addition of thousands of residential units and a skyline dominated by Western-style high rises.
Imrani
Emrānī (or Imrānī; 1454–1536) was a Judæo-Persian poet, being "one of the most prominent Jewish poets of Iran". Emrānī was inspired by the earlier poet Shāhīn to choose "as his field the post-Mosaic era from Joshua to the period of David and Solomon".

His major work, Fatḥ-Nameh ("The Book of the Conquest," begun in 1474, unfinished), describes in poetry "the events of the biblical books of Joshua, Ruth, and Samuel". Emrānī's last great work, Ganj-Nameh ("The Book of the Treasures"), is  "a free poetic paraphrase of and commentary on the mishnaic treatise Avot".

Like his predecessor Shahin, he sought to compose a national epic analogous to the Shahnameh.

Iranian Jews
Iranian Jews constitute one of the oldest communities of the Jewish diaspora. Dating back to the biblical era, they originate from the Jews who arrived in Iran as Babylonian captives. Books of the Hebrew Bible (i.e., Esther, Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra, and Nehemiah) bring together an extensive narrative shedding light on contemporary Jewish life experiences in ancient Iran; there has been a continuous Jewish presence in Iran since at least the time of Cyrus the Great, who led Achaemenid army's conquest of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and subsequently freed the Judahites from the Babylonian captivity.

After 1979, Jewish emigration from Iran increased dramatically in light of the country's Islamic Revolution and fall of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Today, the vast majority of Iranian Jews reside in Israel and the United States.
2021–22 Texas State Bobcats men's basketball team
The 2021–22 Texas State Bobcats men's basketball team represented Texas State University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bobcats, led by second-year head coach Terrence Johnson, played their home games at Strahan Arena in San Marcos, Texas as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 18–7, 12–3 in Sun Belt play to win the regular season championship. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Sun Belt tournament to Louisiana. As a regular season champion who did not win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to North Texas.

2021–22 North Texas Mean Green men's basketball team
The 2021–22 North Texas Mean Green men's basketball team represented the University of North Texas during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Grant McCasland, and played their home games at UNT Coliseum in Denton, Texas as a member of the West division of Conference USA. They finished the season 25-7, 16-2 in C-USA Play to finish as regular season champions. They defeated Rice in the quarterfinals of the C-USA tournament before losing in the semifinals to Louisiana Tech.  As a No. 1 seed who didn’t win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated Texas State in the first round before losing in the second round to Virginia.
Inverse-square law
In physical science, an inverse-square law is any scientific law stating that the observed "intensity" of a specified physical quantity (being nothing more than the value of the physical quantity)  is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity. The fundamental cause for this can be understood as geometric dilution corresponding to point-source radiation into three-dimensional space.

Radar energy expands during both the signal transmission and the reflected return, so the inverse square for both paths means that the radar will receive energy according to the inverse fourth power of the range.

To prevent dilution of energy while propagating a signal, certain methods can be used such as a waveguide, which acts like a canal does for water, or how a gun barrel restricts hot gas expansion to one dimension in order to prevent loss of energy transfer to a bullet.

Isotropic radiator
An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of waves that radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions.  It may be based on sound waves or electromagnetic waves, in which case it is also known as an isotropic antenna.  It has no preferred direction of radiation, i.e., it radiates uniformly in all directions over a sphere centred on the source.

Isotropic radiators are used as reference radiators with which other sources are compared, for example in determining the gain of antennas.   A coherent isotropic radiator of electromagnetic waves is theoretically impossible, but incoherent radiators can be built.   An isotropic sound radiator is possible because sound is a longitudinal wave.

The term isotropic radiation means a radiation field which has the same intensity in all directions at each receiving point; thus an isotropic radiator does not produce isotropic radiation.
Second Army (Hungary)
The Hungarian Second Army (Második Magyar Hadsereg) was one of three field armies raised by the Kingdom of Hungary which saw action during World War II.  All three armies were formed on March 1, 1940.  The Second Army was the best-equipped Hungarian formation at the beginning of the war, but was virtually eliminated as an effective fighting unit by overwhelming Soviet force during the Battle of Stalingrad, suffering 84% casualties.  Towards the end of the war, a reformed Second Army fought more successfully at the Battle of Debrecen, but, during the ensuing Siege of Budapest, it was destroyed completely and absorbed into the Hungarian Third Army.

Gusztáv Jány
Colonel General Vitéz Gusztáv Jány (born Gusztáv Hautzinger; 21 October 1883 – 26 November 1947) was a Hungarian military officer during the Second World War who commanded the Hungarian Second Army at the Battle of Stalingrad. After the war, he was found guilty of war crimes and executed by firing squad. He was posthumously exonerated in 1993 by the Supreme Court of Hungary.
Labeo dussumieri
Labeo dussumieri (Malabar Labeo) is fish in genus Labeo known to occur in west-flowing rivers of the Western Ghats. Earlier Sri Lankan population was considered as the same species as L. dussumieri, recent phylogenetic and physiological differences suggest that Sri Lankan population is a distinct species, Labeo heladiva..

Named in honor of Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883), French voyager and merchant, whose account of this species is the basis of Valenciennes’ description.

Labeo
Labeo is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the family of carps and barbs. They are found in freshwater habitats in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and Asia. It contains the typical labeos in the subfamily Labeoninae (alternatively, the tribe Labeonini or subtribe Labeoina, if subsumed into Cyprininae).
Holden (Lierne)
Holden is a lake in Lierne Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 3.61-square-kilometre (1.39 sq mi) lake lies north of the lakes Lenglingen and Gusvatnet. The municipal center, Sandvika, is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north of the lake.

Lierne Municipality
Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne Municipality lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2,962-square-kilometre (1,144 sq mi) municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lierne Municipality is the 314th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,301. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Karşıyaka Ferry Terminal
Karşıyaka Ferry Terminal (Turkish: Karşıyaka İskelesi) is ferry terminal in Karşıyaka, İzmir on the Gulf of İzmir. Located along Cemal Gürsel Avenue, at the southern end of the Karşıyaka Çarşı, İzdeniz operates commuter ferry to service to Alsancak, Konak, Göztepe and Üçkuyular.

Karşıyaka Terminal was originally built in 1884, and promoted the growth of Karşıyaka's population. The existing terminal building was built in the 1940s-1950s.

İZDENİZ
İzdeniz is a municipality company which is responsible in short distance sea transport and ferry terminals within the Gulf of İzmir, Turkey. ( İz is the first syllable of the name İzmir and -deniz means sea.)
ATLAS experiment
ATLAS is the largest general-purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland. The experiment is designed to take advantage of the unprecedented energy available at the LHC and observe phenomena that involve highly massive particles which were not observable using earlier lower-energy accelerators. ATLAS was one of the two LHC experiments involved in the discovery of the Higgs boson in July 2012. It was also designed to search for evidence of theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model.

The experiment is a collaboration involving 6,003 members, out of which 3,822 are physicists (last update: June 26, 2022) from 243 institutions in 40 countries.

Particle identification
Particle identification is the process of using information left by a particle passing through a particle detector to identify the type of particle.  Particle identification reduces backgrounds and improves measurement resolutions, and is essential to many analyses at particle detectors.
Lalitpur District, Nepal
Lalitpur District (Nepali: ललितपुर जिल्लाListenⓘ, in Bagmati Province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Lalitpur as its district headquarters, covers an area of 396.92 km2 (153.25 sq mi) and has a population (2001) of 337,785. It is one of three districts in the Kathmandu Valley, along with Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. Its population was 466,784 in the initial 2011 census tabulation. It is surrounded by Makwanpur, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu and Kavrepalanchowk districts.

Kathmandu District
Kathmandu District (Nepali: काठमाडौं जिल्लाListenⓘ; Nepal Bhasa: ये: जिल्ला) is a district located in Kathmandu Valley, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal, covers an area of 413.69 km2 (159.73 sq mi), and is the most densely populated district of Nepal with 10,81,845 inhabitants in 2001, 17,44,240 in 2011 and 20,41,587 in 2021. The administrative headquarters of Kathmandu district is located in Kathmandu. The city has 21 post offices which handle mail from across the country and beyond, with Kathmandu DPO having 44,600 as its postal code for international mail delivery services like UPS or DHL Couriers etc.
Hamada Domain
Hamada Domain (浜田藩, Hamada-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, in what is now western Shimane Prefecture. It was centered around Hamada Castle and was ruled by mostly a succession of fudai daimyō of various branches of the Matsudaira clan. Hamada Domain was conquered by Chōshū Domain during the Bakumatsu period following the Second Chōshū expedition of 1866.

Matsudaira clan
The Matsudaira clan (松平氏, Matsudaira-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture).  During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of the Matsudaira clan, Matsudaira Motoyasu became a powerful regional daimyo under Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi and changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu. He subsequently seized power as the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan during the Edo period until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, many cadet branches of the clan retained the Matsudaira surname, and numerous new branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu. Some of those branches were also of daimyō status.

After the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, the Tokugawa and Matsudaira clans became part of the new kazoku nobility.
James Bowler (civil servant)
James Edward Bowler CB (born July 1973) is a senior British civil servant currently serving as the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury since October 2022 having previously served as permanent secretary to the Department for International Trade since 2021. Before assuming this role, Bowler was the second permanent secretary to the Cabinet Office from 2020 to 2021 where he led the COVID Taskforce for the British Government. He was the Director General for Policy, Communication and Analysis at the Ministry of Justice from March to October 2020. Bowler is currently Trustee of the charity Police Now.

HM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy. It is one of the smallest government departments by staff count, but is widely considered the most powerful.
Iphigenia
In Greek mythology, Iphigenia (/ɪfɪˈdʒɪ.niə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰφιγένεια, romanized: Iphigéneia, pronounced [iːpʰiɡéneː.a]) was a daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus a princess of Mycenae.

In the story, Agamemnon offends the goddess Artemis on his way to the Trojan War by hunting and killing one of Artemis's sacred stags. She retaliates by preventing the allied troops from reaching Troy unless Agamemnon kills his eldest daughter, Iphigenia, at Aulis as a human sacrifice. In some versions, Iphigenia dies at Aulis, and in others, Artemis rescues her. In the version where she is saved, she goes to the Taurians and meets her brother Orestes.

Iphigenia in Tauris
Iphigenia in Tauris (Ancient Greek: Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις, Iphigeneia en Taurois) is a drama by the playwright Euripides, written between 414 BC and 412 BC. It has much in common with another of Euripides's plays, Helen, as well as the lost play Andromeda, and is often described as a romance, a melodrama, a tragi-comedy or an escape play.

Although the play is generally known in English as Iphigenia in Tauris, this is, strictly speaking, the Latin title of the play (corresponding to the Greek Ἰφιγένεια ἐν Ταύροις), the meaning of which is Iphigenia among the Taurians. There is no such place as "Tauris" in Euripides' play, although Goethe, in his play Iphigenie auf Tauris ironically utilising this translation error, posits such a place. The name refers to the Crimean Peninsula (ancient Taurikḗ).
Johanna Olbrich
Johanna Olbrich (alias 'Sonja Lüneburg': 26 October 1926 – 18 February 2004) was an East German spy. Infiltrated into West Germany from Colmar (France) in 1966 or 1967, she moved to Bonn in 1969 and obtained work as a secretary with a senior politician.

Her espionage career ended abruptly in 1985 when she lost her (false) passport during a vacation in Rome. Fearing that the passport had fallen, or could fall, into the hands of western counter-intelligence services, which would lead to her unmasking, her handlers hurriedly ordered her back: she was smuggled into East Germany near Lübeck within the week.

Bernau bei Berlin
Bernau bei Berlin (German pronunciation: [bɛʁˈnaʊ baɪ bɛʁˈliːn] ⓘ, lit. 'Bernau near Berlin'; commonly named Bernau) is a town in the Barnim district in Brandenburg in eastern Germany, located about 10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Berlin.
2006–07 QMJHL season
The 2006–07 QMJHL season was the 38th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The regular season ran from September 14, 2006 to March 18, 2007. Eighteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. The Lewiston Maineiacs finished first overall in the regular season winning their first Jean Rougeau Trophy. Lewiston won 16 playoff games, losing only one, en route to their first President's Cup, defeating the Val-d'Or Foreurs in the finals.

Lewiston Maineiacs
The Lewiston Maineiacs were a junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League based in Lewiston, Maine, United States. The team played its home games at the Androscoggin Bank Colisée.  They were the second QMJHL team in the United States, and the only one to play a full season. They won the President's Cup in 2007, becoming the only American based franchise to accomplish the feat.

On May 31, 2011, the QMJHL decided to fold the team following eight years of financial losses.
Ian Hodder
Ian Richard Hodder CMG FBA (born 23 November 1948, in Bristol) is a British archaeologist and pioneer of postprocessualist theory in archaeology that first took root among his students and in his own work between 1980 and 1990. At this time he had such students as Henrietta Moore, Ajay Pratap, Nandini Rao, Mike Parker Pearson, Paul Lane, John Muke, Sheena Crawford, Nick Merriman, Michael Shanks and Christopher Tilley. As of 2002, he is Dunlevie Family Professor of Anthropology at Stanford University in the United States.

Michael Shanks (archaeologist)
Michael Shanks (born 1959, Newcastle upon Tyne) is a British archaeologist specialising in classical archaeology and archaeological theory. He received his BA, MA and PhD from Cambridge University, and was a lecturer at the University of Wales, Lampeter before moving to the U.S. in 1999 to take up a Chair in Classics at Stanford University.
Yorck Memorial, Berlin
The Yorck Memorial on Bebelplatz green space in Berlin's Mitte district commemorates the Prussian field marshal and freedom fighter Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg (1759–1830). Created from 1840 to 1855 by Christian Daniel Rauch in neoclassical style, it is a piece of the Berlin school of sculpture. Until 1950 the bronze statue stood at the front of Unter den Linden avenue, with which it formed an urban ensemble, and since 1963 it has stood at the back of Bebelplatz green space.

Bebelplatz
The Bebelplatz (formerly and colloquially the Opernplatz) is a public square in the central Mitte district of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Following World War II, the square was renamed after August Bebel, a founder of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in the 19th century.

The square is located on the south side of the Unter den Linden boulevard, a major east-west thoroughfare that runs through Berlin's city center. It consists of a green area to the east and an open area to the west of the State Opera building, which it surrounds (hence its prewar name). It is bounded to the east by the Prinzessinnenpalais, to the west by the Alte Bibliothek and the Old Palace, and to the southeast by St. Hedwig's Cathedral, the first Catholic church built in Prussia after the Reformation.
House of Bove
The House of Bove is an ancient noble patrician family of Ravello, Maritime Republic of Amalfi that held royal appointments in the Kingdom of Naples, and presided over feudal territories. After the dissolution of noble seats of the Kingdom of Naples in 1800 they were ascribed in the Libro d'Oro of Ravello. The Bove coat of arms is prominently displayed in the Duomo of Ravello.

Ravello
Ravello (Campanian: Raviello, Reviello) is a comune (municipality) situated above the Amalfi Coast (exactly 782 stairs above the town of Atrani), in the province of Salerno, Campania, with approximately 2,500 inhabitants. Its scenic location makes it a popular tourist destination, and earned it a listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997.
2009 Yas Marina GP2 Asia Series round
The 2009–10 Abu Dhabi 1st GP2 Asia round was the first round of the 2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season. It was held on October 31 and November 1, 2009 at Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The race was used as a support race to the day/night 2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix. It was the first of two rounds to be held at the circuit, the other will be the 2009–10 Abu Dhabi 2nd GP2 Asia round. The round was the only one held in 2009, the rest being held in 2010.

2010 Yas Marina GP2 Asia Series round
The 2009–10 Abu Dhabi 2nd GP2 Asia round was the second round of the 2009-10 GP2 Asia Series season. It was held on February 5 and 6, 2010 at Yas Marina Circuit at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It is the second of two rounds to be held at the circuit, the other being the 2009-10 Abu Dhabi 1st GP2 Asia round. The next race of the season will be at Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir, Bahrain and will be the first round to be held at the circuit of the season.