hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Emperor Shōmu
Emperor Shōmu (聖武天皇, Shōmu-tennō; September 22, 701 – June 4, 756) was the 45th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Shōmu's reign spanned the years 724 through 749, during the Nara period.

Nara (city)
Nara (奈良市, Nara-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜ.ɾa, na.ɾaꜜ.ɕi] ⓘ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 2022, Nara has an estimated population of 367,353 according to World Population Review, making it the largest city in Nara Prefecture and sixth-largest in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara is a core city located in the northern part of Nara Prefecture bordering the Kyoto Prefecture.

Nara was the capital of Japan during the Nara period from 710 to 784 as the seat of the Emperor before the capital was moved to Nagaoka-kyō, except for the years 740 to 745, when the capital was placed in Kuni-kyō, Naniwa-kyō and Shigaraki Palace. Nara is home to eight major historic temples, shrines, and heritage sites, specifically Tōdai-ji, Saidai-ji, Kōfuku-ji, Kasuga Shrine, Gangō-ji, Yakushi-ji, Tōshōdai-ji, and the Heijō Palace, together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest, collectively form the Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mean free path
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.

Attenuation coefficient
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient value that is large represents a beam becoming 'attenuated' as it passes through a given medium, while a small value represents that the medium had little effect on loss. The (derived) SI unit of attenuation coefficient is the reciprocal metre (m−1). Extinction coefficient is another term for this quantity, often used in meteorology and climatology. 
The attenuation length is the reciprocal of the attenuation coefficient.
False Round Point
False Round Point is a point 16 km (9.9 mi) west of North Foreland and 4 km (2.5 mi) south of Ridley Island, on the north coast of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The point has appeared on charts since about 1822. It was probably named for its similarity to Round Point, which lies 22 km (14 mi) to the west, by Discovery Investigations personnel on the Discovery II who charted the north coast of this island in 1937.

Round Point
Round Point is a point 22 km (14 mi) west of False Round Point on the north coast of King George Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. Kellick Island lies 2 km to the north-east and Tartar Island 1 km to the north-west.  The descriptive name dates back to at least 1822 and is established in international usage.
The Tramp and the Dog
The Tramp and the Dog is a 1896 American silent short crime comedy film directed by William Selig. It is believed to be the first commercial production of American film pioneer William Selig at Selig Polyscope. It is also likely the first commercial narrative film shot in Chicago.

In 2025, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant."

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
November to Remember (1994)
November to Remember (1994) was the second November to Remember professional wrestling live event produced by Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) that took place on November 5, 1994, in the ECW Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. The event featured two main event matches. In the first main event, Shane Douglas defended the ECW World Heavyweight Championship against Ron Simmons. The second main event was a singles match, in which Chris Benoit took on Sabu. During the match, Sabu suffered a spinal cord injury, which resulted in the match ending in a no contest. Benoit was then challenged by 2 Cold Scorpio to an impromptu match, which ended in a double count-out.

Although not airing on pay-per-view, in July 2019 the event was added to the WWE Network, in the ECW pay-per-view section.

Chris Benoit versus Sabu was included on the 2004 WWE DVD release Hard Knocks: The Chris Benoit Story.

The Sandman (wrestler)
James Fullington (born June 16, 1963), better known by his ring name The Sandman, is an American semi-retired professional wrestler, best known for his career with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), where he developed into a smoking and drinking "Hardcore Icon" and held the ECW World Heavyweight Championship a record five times. He also had stints in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
Robin Cormack
Robin Sinclair Cormack, FSA (born 27 September 1938) is a British classicist and art historian, specialising in Byzantine art. He was Professor in the History of Art, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, 1991–2004.

Mary Beard
Dame Winifred Mary Beard (born 1 January 1955) is an English classicist specialising in Ancient Rome. She is a trustee of the British Museum and formerly held a personal professorship of classics at the University of Cambridge. She is a fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge, and Royal Academy of Arts Professor of Ancient Literature.

Beard is the classics editor of The Times Literary Supplement, for which she also writes a regular blog, "A Don's Life". Her frequent media appearances and sometimes controversial public statements have led to her being described as "Britain's best-known classicist". In 2014, The New Yorker characterised her as "learned but accessible".
Nahuel 1A
Nahuel 1A was a Spacebus 2000NG satellite manufactured Dornier Satellitensysteme as prime contractor with Aérospatiale of Cannes-Mandelieu supplying the bus. It was launched on January 30, 1997 by an Ariane 44L launcher along companion GE-2.
The satellite was located in the 71.8 degrees West slot. It was operated by Nahuelsat S.A., the first satellite operator of Argentina from its ground station in Benavidez, province of Buenos Aires. It was transferred in 2006 ARSAT S.A., along all other Nahuelsat S.A. assets. Satellite mass was 1,790 kg (3,950 lb) wet, 828 kg (1,825 lb) dry with a nominal lifetime of 12.33 years. It had eighteen 54 MHz transponders implemented with 55W TWTAs in three Ku band and extended Ku band coverages. Thus, it had 27 transponder equivalent or 972 MHz of Ku Band bandwidth.

It was successfully reorbited in June 2010, when most of the on-board propellant depleted, using the remaining propellant and blowdown helium still stored in the propellant tanks.

ARSAT-2
ARSAT-2 is a geostationary communications satellite operated by ARSAT and built by the Argentine company INVAP. It was launched from French Guiana alongside Sky Muster satellite using an Ariane 5ECA rocket on September 30, 2015 at 20:30hs UTC, becoming the 400th satellite to be launched by Arianespace. It is licensed to be located at 81° West longitude geostationary slot. ARSAT-2 is the second geostationary satellite built in Argentina, after ARSAT-1. Structurally and mechanically it is a copy of the ARSAT-1, the only difference being the payload and thus it has different antenna configuration.
Anne Askew
Anne Askew (sometimes spelled Ayscough or Ascue), married name Anne Kyme (1521 – 16 July 1546), was an English writer, poet, and Protestant preacher who was condemned as a heretic during the reign of Henry VIII of England. She and Margaret Cheyne are the only women on record known to have been both tortured in the Tower of London and burnt at the stake.

She is also one of the earliest known female poets to compose in the English language.

Nicholas Shaxton
Nicholas Shaxton (c. 1485 – 1556) was Bishop of Salisbury. For a time, he had been a Reformer, but recanted this position, returning to the Roman faith. Under Henry VIII, he attempted to persuade other Protestant leaders to also recant. Under Mary I, he took part in several heresy trials of those who became Protestant martyrs.
James A. Johnson (architect)
James Addison Johnson (October 7, 1865 – April 5, 1939) was an American architect known for his design of various architectural landmarks in Buffalo, New York, and his use of decorative work that many consider a foreshadowing of art deco design.

Lafayette High School (Buffalo, New York)
Lafayette High School was a public high school in Buffalo, New York. It was the oldest public school in Buffalo that remained in its original building, a stone, brick and terra-cotta structure in the French Renaissance Revival style by architects August Esenwein and James A. Johnson.  Although classes began off-site during construction of the school, the building was completed and graduated its first class in 1903. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in Buffalo's Upper West Side at 370 Lafayette Avenue.

The name 'Lafayette High School' was phased out beginning in 2015, graduating its final class in 2018, and was replaced by the name Lafayette International High School and Newcomers Academy. Classes continue to be held in the historic building.
Alexander Twilight
Alexander Lucius Twilight (September 23, 1795 – June 19, 1857) was an American educator, minister and politician. He was recognized as the first African American to have earned a bachelor's degree from an American college or university, graduating from Middlebury College in 1823. He was ordained as a Congregational minister and worked in education and ministry all his career. In 1829, Twilight became principal of the Orleans County Grammar School. There he designed and built Athenian Hall, the first granite public building in the state of Vermont. In 1836, he was the first African American elected as a state legislator, serving in the Vermont House of Representatives; he was also the only African American ever elected to a state legislature before the Civil War.

His house and Athenian Hall are included in the Brownington Village Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

Brownington Village Historic District
The Brownington Village Historic District is a historic site in Brownington, Vermont, United States. It is located near the intersection of Hinman and Brownington Center roads. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1973. The district consists of five buildings within the Old Stone House Museum complex and three neighboring houses, dating from the early 19th century.
Herøy Church
Herøy Church (Norwegian: Herøy kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Herøy Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the town of Fosnavåg, on the island of Bergsøya. It is the church for the Herøy parish which is part of the Søre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, concrete church was built in a rectangular style in 2002 by the architects Kine Tambs and Hans Petter Madsø from an architecture firm from Trondheim. The church seats about 700 people.

Herøy Municipality (Møre og Romsdal)
Herøy is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the town of Fosnavåg on the island of Bergsøya. Other settlements in Herøy include the villages of Leikong, Kvalsund, and Moltustranda. The industrial area of Eggesbønes is located south of Fosnavåg on the same island. The Runde Environmental Centre is located in the northern part of the municipality on Runde island.

The 119.53-square-kilometre (46.15 sq mi) municipality is the 321st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Herøy Municipality is the 123rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 8,968. The municipality's population density is 75 inhabitants per square kilometre (190/sq mi) and its population has increased by 1.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Province of Lecco
The province of Lecco (Italian: provincia di Lecco; Lecchese: pruincia de Lecch) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Lecco.

As of 2017, the province had a population of 337,211 on a surface of 805.61 square kilometers (311.05 sq mi) divided into 85 comuni (municipalities; sg.: comune).

Provinces of Italy
The provinces of Italy (Italian: province d'Italia) are the second-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic, on an intermediate level between a municipality (comune) and a region (regione). Since 2015, provinces have been classified as "institutional bodies of second level".

There are currently 110 institutional bodies of second level in Italy, including 82 ordinary provinces, 2 autonomous provinces, 4 regional decentralization entities, 6 free municipal consortia, and 15 metropolitan cities, as well as the Aosta Valley region (which also exercises the powers of a province).

Italian provinces (with the exception of the current Sardinian provinces) correspond to the NUTS 3 regions.
Bishan Temple
The Bishan Temple or Guangji Maopeng (Chinese: 碧山寺; pinyin: Bìshān Sì or simplified Chinese: 广济茅蓬; traditional Chinese: 廣濟茅蓬; pinyin: Guǎngjì Máopéng) is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.

Taihuai
Taihuai (simplified Chinese: 台怀; traditional Chinese: 臺懷; pinyin: Taíhuaí) is a town in Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.  As of the 2000 census it had a population of 10,525 and an area of 189 square kilometres (73 sq mi). The Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan live here. Taihuai located in the northeastern Wutai County. It borders the Yedou Peak (叶斗峰) in the north, Guayue Peak (挂月峰) and Fanshi County in the west, Mount Taihang and Shizui Township in the east, and Jingangku Township and Lingjing Township in the south.
Softvol
Softvol is an Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) plugin that adds a software based volume control to the ALSA audio mixer (alsamixer). This is helpful when a sound card does not have a hardware volume control. The softvol plugin is built into ALSA and does not require separate installation.

Another use case of softvol is when a hardware volume control is unable to amplify the sound beyond certain threshold and thus renders an audio file too quiet. In this case software amplifiers can be used in order to boost the volume level at the price of sacrificing some quality.

Many modern programs that are able to play audio files have their own, sound system-independent software volume controls.

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an application programming interface (API) for sound card device drivers.

Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. ALSA is released under GPL-2.0-or-later and LGPL-2.1-or-later.

On Linux, sound servers, like sndio, PulseAudio, JACK (low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and PipeWire, and higher-level APIs (e.g OpenAL, SDL audio, etc.) work on top of ALSA and its sound card device drivers. ALSA succeeded the older Linux port of the Open Sound System (OSS).
Castellón de la Plana
Castellón de la Plana or Castelló de la Plana (or simply Castellón or Castelló), is the capital city of the province of Castellón, in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located near the eastern coastline of the Iberian Peninsula by the Mediterranean Sea. The main urban core lies some kilometres inland while the detached district of Grau was built around the port. The Desert de les Palmes mountain range rises to the north.

According to the 2018 census, Castellón has a population of 174,264 inhabitants, ranking as the fourth most populated municipality in the Valencian Community. Castellón is part of a larger metropolitan area along with the neighbouring municipalities of Villarreal, Almassora, Benicàssim, Borriol, and Borriana.  The Prime Meridian, or Greenwich Meridian, intersects the 40th parallel at Castellón de la Plana and is commemorated with a monolith in Meridian Park (Parc del Meridià) located at the exact point where this occurs.

Desert de les Palmes Range
Desert de les Palmes (Valencian pronunciation: [deˈzɛɾd de les ˈpalmes], Spanish: Desierto de las Palmas), also known as Serra del Desert de les Palmes is an 18.8 km long mountain range in the Plana Alta comarca, Valencian Community, Spain. Its highest point is Bartolo (729 m).

The Ermita de La Magdalena 40°02′04″N 0°00′20″W﻿ / ﻿40.03444°N 0.00556°W﻿ / 40.03444; -0.00556, an important church for Castellonenc people, is located on a hill at the southern end of the range. The Prime Meridian crosses the Desert de les Palmes roughly in the middle.

The Columbretes Islands can be seen on clear days in the horizon looking seaward from the Desert de les Palmes heights.
Takeshi Fujii
Takeshi Fujii (藤井 猛, Fujii Takeshi; born September 29, 1970) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 9-dan. He is a former Ryūō title holder, and a former non-executive director of the Japan Shogi Association.

Fujii is known for developing the Fujii System, a class of strategies for Fourth File Rook positions against Static Rook opponents especially Static Rook Anaguma.

Annual Shogi Awards
The Annual Shogi Awards (将棋大賞 shōgi taishō) are a number of prizes awarded yearly by the Japan Shogi Association to professional and amateur shogi players who have achieved particular success. The first Annual Shogi Awards were presented in 1974.
Kitirler, Gerede
Kitirler is one of the five historic neighbourhoods of Gerede, the administrative centre of Gerede District in Bolu Province in Turkey. The other historical neighbourhoods are named Orta, Demirciler, Seviller and Kabiller. Its population is 2,603 (2024).

Seviller, Gerede
Seviller is one of the five historic neighbourhoods of Gerede, the administrative centre of Gerede District in Bolu Province in Turkey. The other historical neighbourhoods are named Kitirler, Orta, Demirciler and Kabiller. Its population is 4,555 (2024).
FashionTV
FashionTV is an international fashion and lifestyle broadcasting channel. Founded in France in 1997, by its Polish-born president Michel Adam Lisowski, FashionTV is one of the most widely distributed satellite channels in the world with 31 satellite offices and 2,000 cable systems. As of 2014, it had 400 million viewers around the globe. FashionTV is a multi-media platform offering global fashion reviews and it is independently owned and operated from the headquarters in London, Paris, Vienna, and Mumbai.

Glitz (TV channel)
Glitz (stylized as "glitz*") was a Latin American pay television channel that was launched on May 1, 2011, replacing Fashion TV, after the license agreement between the French channel and then-Glitz* parent Warner Bros. Discovery Americas, who purchased the channel from Claxson in 2007, ended in 2011; it continued to target women. The network departed Brazil on May 5, 2016.

In December 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery announced that Glitz would wind down in the remainder of Latin America, closing on February 29, 2024 along with I.Sat and the Latin American version of MuchMusic.
Phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidic acids are anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels. Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids. They constitute about 0.25% of phospholipids in the bilayer.

Sphingosine kinase 1
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPHK1 gene.

Sphingosine kinase 1  phosphorylates sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).  SK1 is normally a cytosolic protein but is recruited to membranes rich in phosphatidate (PA), a product of phospholipase D (PLD).

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a novel lipid messenger with both intracellular and extracellular functions. Intracellularly, it regulates proliferation and survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for EDG1. Various stimuli increase cellular levels of S1P by activation of sphingosine kinase (SPHK), the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine. Competitive inhibitors of SPHK block formation of S1P and selectively inhibit cellular proliferation induced by a variety of factors, including platelet-derived growth factor  and serum.
1911 Copa del Rey final
The 1911 Copa del Rey final was the 10th final of the Spanish cup competition, the Copa del Rey. The final was played at Jolaseta Stadium in Getxo on 15 April 1911. The match was won by Athletic Bilbao, who beat CD Español 3–1. The Athletic goals were scored by Martyn Veitch, Luis Belaunde, and Manuel Guernica, with Antonio Neyra reducing the deficit for Español with 20 minutes remaining.

Jolaseta Stadium
Jolaseta Stadium or Campo de Jolaseta was the football main stadium of Arenas Club de Getxo, Getxo in the neighboring district of Neguri, between 1910 and 1925.
In 1925 they moved to Campo de Ibaiondo, later Campo de Gobela till 2004, and since 2004 they have had a new modern stadium Campo Municipal de Gobela.

Athletic Bilbao also played there for 3 years before moving to San Mamés.

Jolaseta Stadium hosted the 1911 Copa del Rey Final when Athletic Bilbao won 3—1 against CD Español.
Maronella
Maronella is a genus of lichens of uncertain familial and ordinal placement in the class Lecanoromycetes. The genus was circumscribed in 1959 by German lichenologist and lichen chemist Maximilian Steiner with Maronella laricina assigned as the type, and at that time, only species. This lichen is rare, having only been recorded from Austria and Spain. M. coreana, known only from type collection in South Korea, was added to the genus in 2015. Both species grow on bark and have a crust-like thallus.

Lecanoromycetes
Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.

The group is monophyletic (composed only of all the descendants of a common ancestor).