hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turkish History Thesis
The Turkish History Thesis (Türk Tarih Tezi) is a Turkish ultranationalist, pseudohistoric thesis which posited the belief that the Turks moved from their ancestral homeland in Central Asia and migrated to present-day China, the Indian subcontinent, the Balkans, the Middle East, and Northern Africa in several waves, populating the areas which they had moved to and bringing civilization to their native inhabitants. The theory was developed within the context of pre-Nazi scientific racism, classifying the Turks as an "Alpine subgroup" of the Caucasian race. The intent of the theory was a rejection of Western European assertions that the Turks belonged to the "yellow or mongol" race. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk took a personal interest in the subject after he was shown a French language book that claimed Turks "belonged to the yellow race" and were a "secondaire" people.

Turkish nationalism
Turkish nationalism (Turkish: Türk milliyetçiliği) is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish language and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism.
Finn Hald
Finn Hald (8 July 1929 – 17 October 2010) was a Norwegian ceramist, sculptor, illustrator, poet and playwright. He was married to Dagny Revold. Among his books are Revestreker from 1970 and the short story collection Fuglesirkuset from  1978. He published Mellom to stoler from 1980, Sidespor from 1986 and Oppsving from 1996, all in collaboration with his wife Dagny Hald and designer Roar Høyland.

He was awarded the Jacob Prize in 1981, jointly with Dagny Hald.

Roar Høyland
Roar Høyland (13 July 1930 – 30 March 2022) was a Norwegian industrial designer. He was born in Oslo. From 1971 to 1981 he was leader of the design department of the organization Norway Design. He was rector of the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry from 1989 to 1986. Among his books are Mellom to stoler from 1980, Sidespor from 1986, and Oppsving from 1996, all in cooperation with Dagny and Finn Hald. Høyland died in Oslo on 30 March 2022, at the age of 91.
Circuito de Monsanto
The Circuito de Monsanto, or Monsanto Park Circuit, was a 5.440 km (3.380 mi) race track in Monsanto Forest Park, near Lisbon, Portugal which hosted the Portuguese Grand Prix.

Built on parklands, the circuit was considered difficult to drive because it crossed so many different types of surfaces, including tramlines at one point. The track hosted numerous races from 1954 to 1959, but only one race qualified as a Formula One event: the 1959 Portuguese Grand Prix, won by Stirling Moss. He won the race in the twilight hours, since the race was purposely started late in the day to avoid the intense late summer sun.

Portuguese Grand Prix
The Portuguese Grand Prix (Portuguese: Grande Prémio de Portugal) is a motorsports event that was first held in 1951 as a sportscar event, and then intermittently disappearing for many years before being revived again. In 1964 the event was held as a sportscar race, and the 1965 and 1966 editions being held for Formula Three entrants. The event was part of the Formula One World Championship in 1958–1960, then again between 1984 and 1996. It was revived for 2020 and 2021 to accommodate a shorter Formula One calendar due to COVID-19 and for 2027 and 2028. The event has been held at several circuits throughout its history. Most recently, it was held at the Algarve International Circuit.
Buena Vista Stakes
The Buena Vista Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares aged four years old or older over the distance of one mile on the turf scheduled annually in February at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.  The event currently carries a purse of $200,000.

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
999 (emergency telephone number)
999 is an official emergency telephone number in a number of countries and allows the caller to contact emergency services for assistance. Countries and territories using the number include Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, the Cook Islands, Eswatini, Ghana, Guernsey, Hong Kong, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey, Kenya, Macau, Malaysia, Mauritius, Niue, Poland, Qatar, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Trinidad and Tobago, Seychelles, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe.

Pocket dialing
Pocket dialing (also known as pocket calling or butt dialing) is the accidental placement of a call on a mobile phone or cordless phone located in a person's pocket or handbag.  The recipient of the call typically hears random background noise when answering the phone. If the caller remains unaware, the recipient will sometimes overhear whatever is happening in the caller's vicinity.  A pocket-dialed call can continue for many minutes, or until the recipient's voice mail system ends the call.
The phrase “Butt Dial” was coined by JP Montemayor in 1988 when he accidentally sat on the IMTS telephone (precursor to cell phones) transceiver in his car, and accidentally dialed a co-worker. 
The phrase "pocket dial" was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in August 2015.
Portuguese wine
Portuguese wine was mostly introduced by the Romans and other ancient Mediterranean peoples who traded with local coastal populations, mainly in the South. In pre-Roman Gallaecia-Lusitania times, the native peoples only drank beer and were unfamiliar with wine production. Portugal started to export its wines to Rome during the Roman Empire. Modern exports developed with trade to England after the Methuen Treaty in 1703. From this commerce a wide variety of wines started to be grown in Portugal. In 1758, one of the first wine-producing regions of the world, the Região Demarcada do Douro was created under the orientation of Marquis of Pombal, in the Douro Valley. Portugal has two wine-producing regions protected by UNESCO as World Heritage: the Douro Valley Wine Region (Douro Vinhateiro) and Pico Island Wine Region (Ilha do Pico Vinhateira). Portugal has a big variety of local kinds, producing a very wide variety of different wines with distinctive personality.

Fernão Pires
Fernão Pires is a white Portuguese wine grape grown throughout Portugal, especially in the Tejo and Bairrada, where it is also known as "Maria Gomes".  This variety is known to produce wines with a spicy aromatic character, though often with delicate exotic fruity notes.  Generally not expected to be a long-living wine, this wine is best drunk in its infancy or matured for up to 2 or 3 years. Outside of Portugal there are some significant plantings in South Africa.
Disappear (INXS song)
"Disappear" is a song by Australian rock band INXS, released in November 1990 by WEA as the second single from their seventh studio album, X (1990). The song was written by Jon Farriss, Michael Hutchence and Garry Gary Beers while they were living together in Hong Kong in 1989.

"Disappear" peaked at number eight on the US Billboard Hot 100 in February 1991, becoming the band's seventh and final top-10 single. In Canada, the song reached number one for two weeks. It was a lesser hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 21 in December 1990. At the APRA Music Awards of 1992 the song won Most Performed Australian Work Overseas.

Michael Hutchence
Michael Kelland John Hutchence (22 January 1960 – 22 November 1997) was an Australian singer and songwriter. He was the co-founder, lead singer and lyricist of the rock band INXS from 1977 until his death in 1997. The band sold over 50 million records worldwide, making them one of Australia's highest-selling music acts of all time. They were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2001.

Hutchence was also a member of the short-lived band Max Q and recorded some solo material, alongside acting in films such as Dogs in Space (1986) and Frankenstein Unbound (1990). He was known for his string of love affairs with actresses, models and singers and his private life was often covered in the international press. He had a daughter, Tiger Hutchence-Geldof, with British television presenter Paula Yates. Hutchence died by suicide in a Sydney hotel room on 22 November 1997 at the age of 37.
Bratslav uezd
The Bratslav uezd was a county (uezd) of the Podolian Governorate of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Lipovets uezd of the Kiev Governorate to the north, the Gaysin uezd to the east, the Olgopol uezd to the south, the Yampol uezd to the southwest, and the Vinnitsa uezd to the north. The Bratslav uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Bratslav.

Bratslav
Bratslav (Ukrainian: Брацлав, IPA: [ˈbrɑtslɐu̯]; Yiddish: בראַסלעװ) is a rural settlement in Ukraine, located in Tulchyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city and a regional center of the Eastern Podolia region (see Bracław Voivodeship) founded by government of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, which dramatically lost its importance during the 19th–20th centuries. Population: 4,872 (2022 estimate)
The Solitary Gourmet
The Solitary Gourmet (Japanese: 孤独のグルメ, Hepburn: Kodoku no Gurume) is a Japanese cuisine seinen manga series written by Masayuki Kusumi, and illustrated by Jiro Taniguchi.

The manga has been adapted into a number of media. It was adapted into a Japanese television drama series starring Yutaka Matsushige that first began airing in 2012. A Chinese web series adaptation starring Winston Chao was released in 2015. A 10-episode original net animation adaptation premiered on Production I.G's Tate Anime app in 2017. A feature film continuation of the Japanese drama series was released in 2025.

Jiro Taniguchi
Jiro Taniguchi (谷口 ジロー, Taniguchi Jirō; 14 August 1947 – 11 February 2017) was a Japanese manga writer/artist. His works belong to the gekiga, or "dramatic pictures", genre of manga. In France he was knighted a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011.
Lano and Woodley
Lano and Woodley (Colin Lane and Frank Woodley) is an Australian comedy duo. Previously, the two had been part of comedy trio The Found Objects along with Scott Casley. Casley left and so Lano and Woodley debuted as a double-act in March 1993 at Melbourne's Prince Patrick Hotel. Their act features sketch comedy and slapstick theatre. Their television show The Adventures of Lano and Woodley aired on the ABC in 1997 and 1999.
In 1994, they won the Edinburgh Fringe Perrier Comedy Award. They have written one book, Housemeeting, published in 1996.

Lano and Woodley reunited to tour nationally with a new show named Fly, begun in Canberra March 2018.

Frank Woodley
Frank Woodley (né Wood; born 29 February 1968) is an Australian comedian, author and musician who is best known for his work alongside Colin Lane as part of the comedic duo Lano and Woodley. The two first performed together for almost 20 years in live shows, a television series and an album of comedic songs, before deciding to pursue individual careers in 2006. They announced their reformation in November 2017.
Magnetite
Magnetite is a mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe2+Fe3+2O4. It is one of the oxides of iron, and is ferrimagnetic; it is attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized to become a permanent magnet itself. With the exception of extremely rare native iron deposits, it is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth.  Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, which is how ancient peoples first discovered the property of magnetism.

Magnetite is black or brownish-black with a metallic luster, has a Mohs hardness of 5–6 and leaves a black streak. Small grains of magnetite are very common in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

The chemical IUPAC name is iron(II,III) oxide and the common chemical name is ferrous-ferric oxide.

Iron oxide
An iron oxide is a chemical compound composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized.  Often they are non-stoichiometric. Ferric oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of which is rust.

Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides are widespread in nature and play an important role in many geological and biological processes.  They are used as iron ores, pigments, catalysts, and in thermite, and occur in hemoglobin. Iron oxides are inexpensive and durable pigments in paints, coatings and colored concretes. Colors commonly available are in the "earthy" end of the yellow/orange/red/brown/black range. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E172.

The earliest applications of paint served purely ornamental purposes. Consequently, pigment lacking any adhesive agent—composed mainly of iron oxide was employed in prehistoric cave art around the 15,000s BC in parts of Asia.
Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)
The withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan describes the drawdown of United States Armed Forces in the Afghanistan war and the plans after its post-2014 presence when most combat troops had left Afghanistan at the end of 2014.

NATO had planned on maintaining 13,000 troops including 9,800 Americans in an advisory and counter-terrorism capacity in Afghanistan during the 2015 phase of the War in Afghanistan and they were expected to maintain a presence inside Afghanistan until well after the end of 2016. In July 2016, in light of the deteriorating security conditions, the US postponed the withdrawal until December 2016 and decided to maintain a force of 8,400 troops in 4 garrisons (Kabul, Kandahar, Bagram and Jalalabad) indefinitely due to Taliban resurgence attempt after the Battle of Kunduz. The withdrawal was completed in December 2016 leaving behind 8,400 troops.

2013 State of the Union Address
The 2013 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th president of the United States, Barack Obama, on  February 12, 2013, at 9:00 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 113th United States Congress. It was Obama's fourth State of the Union Address and his fifth speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. Presiding over this joint session was the House speaker, John Boehner, accompanied by Joe Biden, the vice president, in his capacity as the president of the Senate.

It was simulcast online by the White House website as an "enhanced version" with accompanying graphics for key points of the address.
Northland Region
Northland (Māori: Te Tai Tokerau), officially the Northland Region, is the northernmost of New Zealand's 16 local government regions. The region is known for its warm weather. The major population centre is the city of Whangārei, and the largest town is Kerikeri. At the 2018 New Zealand census, Northland recorded a population growth spurt of 18.1% since the previous 2013 census, placing it as the fastest growing region in New Zealand, ahead of other strong growth regions such as the Bay of Plenty Region (2nd with 15%) and Waikato (3rd with 13.5%).

Kauri gum
Kauri gum is resin from kauri trees (Agathis australis), which historically had several important industrial uses. It can also be used to make crafts such as jewellery. Kauri forests once covered much of the North Island of New Zealand, before early settlers caused the forests to retreat, causing several areas to revert to weeds, scrubs, and swamps. Even afterwards, ancient kauri fields and the remaining forests continued to provide a source for the gum. Between 1820 and 1900, over 90% of Kauri forests were logged or burnt by Europeans.

Kauri gum forms when resin from kauri trees leaks out through fractures or cracks in the bark, hardening upon exposure to air. Lumps commonly fall to the ground and can be covered with soil and forest litter, eventually fossilising. Other lumps form as branches forked or trees are damaged, releasing the resin.
Kimberley and Carleton Forehoe
Kimberley and Carleton Forehoe is a civil parish in the South Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. It encompasses the villages of Kimberley and Carleton Forehoe, covering an area of 9.33 km2 (3.60 sq mi). The parish had a total population of 121 in 52 households as of the 2001 census.

On 1 April 1935 the parish of Carleton Forehoe was merged with that of Kimberley to form the modern parish.

Carleton Forehoe
Carleton Forehoe is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Kimberley and Carleton Forehoe, in the South Norfolk district of the English county of Norfolk. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) north-west of Wymondham and 9 miles (14 km) west of Norwich. The River Tiffey, a tributary of the River Yare, formed the southern parish boundary.
Cranshaws
Cranshaws is a village on the B6355 road, near Duns, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Berwickshire.

Of Cranshaws Castle only the tower remains, at Cranshaws Farm on Cranshaws Hill.

Places nearby include Abbey St Bathans, Innerwick, Longformacus, Spott, East Lothian, Stenton, the Whiteadder Water, and Whittingehame.

Longformacus
Longformacus (Scottish Gaelic: Longphort Mhacais) is a small village in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It is around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north-west of Duns, in the Lammermuir Hills. The Dye Water runs through the village, flowing east towards its confluence with the Whiteadder Water nearby.

In the vicinity are traces of an ancient fortification at Runklie or Wrinklaw and the Mutiny Stones cairn.

The opera Lucia di Lammermoor, written by Gaetano Donizetti and based on Sir Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor, was set in the Lammermuirs and an old form of the village's name, Lockermachus, is mentioned in Scott's novel.

The Southern Upland Way, a Long Distance Route which crosses southern Scotland, passes through the village, and the Sir Walter Scott Way from Moffat to Cockburnspath passes through Longformacus.
King & Spalding
King & Spalding LLP is an American multinational corporate white-shoe law firm that is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, with offices located in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It has over 1,300 lawyers in 25 offices globally. It is an Am Law 100, Global 30 firm.

Zachary T. Fardon
Zachary Thomas Fardon (born 1966) served as the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. He began serving as the U.S. Attorney in Chicago on October 23, 2013, after President Obama signed his commission. He resigned on March 13, 2017.
Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)
The Battle of Ctesiphon (Turkish: Selman-ı Pak Muharebesi) was fought in November 1915 by the British Empire, against the Ottoman Empire, within the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I.

Indian Expeditionary Force D, mostly made up of Indian units and under the command of Gen. Sir John Nixon, had met with success in Ottoman Iraq since it had landed at Al-Faw Peninsula upon the Ottoman Empire's declaration of war on 5 November 1914.

One of the primary reasons for initiating the campaign in Mesopotamia was to defend the oil refinery at Abadan at the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab. Adopting a forward defence policy, the British army under General Townshend fought off a series of small Ottoman forces. Then after a year of a string of defeats, the Ottoman forces were able to halt the British advance in two days of hard fighting at Ctesiphon.

Nureddin Pasha
Nureddin Ibrahim Pasha (Turkish: Nurettin Paşa, Nureddin İbrahim Paşa; 1873 – 18 February 1932), known as Nureddin İbrahim Konyar from 1934, was a Turkish military officer who served in the Ottoman Army during World War I and in the Turkish Army during the Western Front of the Turkish War of Independence. He was called Bearded Nureddin (Turkish: Sakallı Nurettin) because being the only high-ranking Turkish officer during the Turkish War of Independence sporting a beard. He is known as one of the most important commanders of the war. He ordered several murders and massacres.
Bayview Junction
Bayview Junction is a major railway junction in southern Ontario, Canada.  It is located at the intersection of three of the nation's busiest rail lines and is a popular location for railfans and trainspotters.

Located at the western end of Lake Ontario, this wye junction draws its name from the view of Burlington Bay (Hamilton Harbour) to the east.  Bayview Junction is located in the city of Hamilton, immediately adjacent to its boundary with the city of Burlington.  The railway lines bisect the property of the Royal Botanical Gardens, providing a picturesque setting.

Lakeshore West line
The Lakeshore West line is one of the seven passenger rail lines of the GO Transit system in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It extends from Union Station in Toronto to Hamilton, along the shore of Lake Ontario. Some train trips extend past Hamilton to St. Catharines and Niagara Falls. It is the busiest of all the lines in the GO system.
Lot 24, Prince Edward Island
Lot 24 is a township in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is part of Charlotte Parish. Lot 24 was awarded to Charles Lee and Francis MacLeane in the 1767 land lottery. It was sold in arrears for quitrent in 1781 and a portion was granted to Loyalists in 1783.

Charlotte Parish, Prince Edward Island
Charlotte Parish was created as a civil parish in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland.

It contains the following townships:

Lot 24

Lot 32

Lot 33

Lot 34

It also contains Queens Royalty.
State Guest House Jamuna
The State Guest House Jamuna (Bengali: রাষ্ট্রীয় অতিথি ভবন যমুনা, romanized: rāṣṭrīẏa atithi bhabana yamunā) is an official guest house of the Government of Bangladesh located in Ramna Thana, Dhaka. It currently serves as the official residence of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. It was previously used to host visiting heads of state and also served as the temporary residence of the Chief Adviser of Bangladesh.

State guest house
A state guest house is a building owned by the government of a country which is used as an official residence for visiting foreign dignitaries, especially during state visits or for other important events.
St. Hyacinthe—Rouville
St. Hyacinthe—Rouville (French: Saint-Hyacinthe—Rouville) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1935.

This riding was created in 1914 from Rouville and St. Hyacinthe ridings. It consisted of the counties of St. Hyacinthe and Rouville.

It was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Chambly—Rouville, Richelieu—Verchères and St. Hyacinthe—Bagot ridings.

Richelieu—Verchères (federal electoral district)
Richelieu—Verchères (French pronunciation: [ʁiʃ(ə)ljø vɛʁʃɛʁ]) was a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Chambly—Verchères, Richelieu, St. Hyacinthe—Rouville and Yamaska ridings.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Chambly, Richelieu and Saint-Hyacinthe ridings.