hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rocket propellant
Rocket propellant is used as a reaction mass ejected from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the propellants themselves, as with a chemical rocket, or from an external source, as with ion engines.

Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.
Al Ain
Al Ain (Arabic: ٱلْعَيْن, romanized: Al-ʿAyn, lit. 'The Spring') is a city in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, and the seat of the administrative division of the Al Ain Region. The city is bordered to the east by the Omani town of Al-Buraimi. Al Ain is the largest inland city in the Emirates, the fourth-largest city (after Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Sharjah), and the second-largest in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The freeways connecting Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai form a geographic triangle in the country, each city being roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the others.

Qattara Oasis
Qattara Oasis (Arabic: وَاحَـة الْـقَـطَّـارَة, romanized: Wāḥat al-Qaṭṭārah) is an area of irrigated date farm in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates featuring a distinctive falaj (Arabic: فَـلَـج) irrigation system as well as a late Bronze Age archaeological site dated to 1800–1500 BCE, in the prehistoric period of Arabia. The oasis has been extensively surveyed by students from Al Ain University since 2015, and is home to 19 buildings of varying antiquity, of which nine are mosques. Among these are thought to be some of the oldest buildings still standing in Al Ain.
Russel Mthembu
Ndoda Russel Mthembu is a member of Ladysmith Black Mambazo, a South African choral group founded in 1960 by close friend Joseph Shabalala.

Russel was born in Ladysmith, South Africa, and joined Ladysmith Black Mambazo in 1976. It was at this time that Joseph converted to Christianity, which saw the group's output include Zulu hymns and songs of a religious nature. Russel joined the group as a bass voice, along with Jabulani Dubazana (who later sung as a tenor voice).

Russel has been a full-time member of the group since the 1980s.

Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a South African male choral group singing in the local vocal styles of isicathamiya and mbube. They became known internationally after singing with American Paul Simon on his 1986 album Graceland. They have since won multiple awards, including five Grammy Awards the fifth of which they dedicated to the late former South African President Nelson Mandela.

Formed by Joseph Shabalala in 1960, Ladysmith Black Mambazo became one of South Africa's most prolific musical groups. Their releases received gold and platinum disc honours in both South Africa and abroad. The group became a mobile academy of South African cultural heritage through their African indigenous isicathamiya music.
Elizabeth Eisenstein
Elizabeth Lewisohn Eisenstein (October 11, 1923 – January 31, 2016) was an American historian of the French Revolution and early 19th-century France. She is well known for her work on the history of early printing, writing on the transition in media between the era of 'manuscript culture' and that of 'print culture', as well as the role of the printing press in effecting broad cultural change in Western civilization.

Divine Art, Infernal Machine
Divine Art, Infernal Machine: The Reception of Printing in the West from First Impressions to the Sense of an Ending is a 2011 book by Elizabeth Eisenstein published by the University of Pennsylvania Press.
PICMG 1.3
PICMG 1.3 is a PICMG specification which is commonly referred to as SHB Express.  SHB Express is a modernization of PICMG 1.0 single-board computer specification. SHB Express, or System Host Board – Express, uses the same physical form factor as PICMG 1.0 boards. The board-to-backplane interfaces are PCI Express instead of PCI and ISA, although the use of PCI remains as an option.

PICMG
PICMG, or PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group, is a consortium of over 140 companies in the fields of computer science and engineering. Founded in 1994, the group was originally formed to adapt PCI technology for use in non-desktop, high-performance telecommunications, military, and industrial computing applications, but its work has grown to include newer technologies. PICMG currently focuses on developing and implementing specifications and guidelines for open standards–based computer architectures from a wide variety of interconnects.
On the Origin of the World
On the Origin of the World is a Gnostic work dealing with creation and the end time. It was found among the texts in the Nag Hammadi library, in Codex II and Codex XIII, immediately following the Reality of the Rulers. There are many parallels between the two texts. The work is untitled; modern scholars call it “On the Origin of the World” based on its contents. It may have been written in Alexandria near the end of the third century, based on its combination of Jewish, Manichaean, Christian, Greek, and Egyptian ideas. The unknown author's audience appears to be outsiders who are unfamiliar with the Gnostic view of how the world came into being. The contents provide an alternate interpretation of Genesis, in which the dark ruler Yaldabaoth created heaven and earth, and a wise instructor opened the minds of Adam and Eve to the truth when they ate from the Tree of Knowledge.

Nag Hammadi Codex XIII
Nag Hammadi Codex XIII (designated by siglum NHC XIII) is a papyrus codex with a collection of early Christian Gnostic texts in Coptic (Sahidic dialect). The manuscript is generally dated to the 4th century, though there is some debate regarding the original composition of the texts.
Machine Intelligence Research Institute
The Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI), formerly the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI), is a non-profit research institute focused since 2005 on identifying and managing potential existential risks from artificial intelligence. MIRI's work has focused on a friendly AI approach to system design and on predicting the rate of technology development.

Eliezer Yudkowsky
Eliezer Shlomo Yudkowsky (/ˌɛliˈɛzər jʊdˈkaʊski/ EL-ee-EH-zər yuud-KOW-skee; born September 11, 1979) is an American artificial intelligence researcher and writer on decision theory and ethics, known for popularizing ideas related to friendly artificial intelligence. He is the founder of and a research fellow at the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI), a private research nonprofit based in Berkeley, California. His work on the prospect of a runaway intelligence explosion influenced philosopher Nick Bostrom's 2014 book Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. He is best known for If Anyone Builds It, Everyone Dies: Why Superhuman AI Would Kill Us All, a New York Times Best Seller he co-authored with Nate Soares, as well as the Harry Potter fanfiction Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality.
Jagdgeschwader 5
Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5) was a German Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. It was created to operate in the far north of Europe, namely Norway, Scandinavia  and northern parts of Finland, all nearest the Arctic Ocean, with Luftflotte 5, created specifically to be based in occupied Norway, and responsible for much of northern Norway.

Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen
Jagdfliegerführer Norwegen was a formation  of the German Luftwaffe based in Occupied Norway during World War II. It was named for the "Fighter Leader (Jafu), Norway" and referred to the units under his command.
Microtia
Microtia is a congenital deformity where the auricle (external ear) is underdeveloped. A completely undeveloped auricle is referred to as anotia. Because microtia and anotia have the same origin, it can be referred to as microtia-anotia. Microtia can be unilateral (one side only) or bilateral (affecting both sides). Microtia occurs in 1 out of about 8,000–10,000 births. In unilateral microtia, the right ear is most commonly affected. It may occur as a complication of taking Accutane (isotretinoin) during pregnancy.

Goldenhar syndrome
Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital defect characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip and mandible on usually one side of the body. Common clinical manifestations include limbal dermoids, preauricular skin tags and strabismus. It is associated with anomalous development of the first branchial arch and second branchial arch.

The term is sometimes used interchangeably with hemifacial microsomia, although this definition is usually reserved for cases without internal organ and vertebrae disruption.

It affects between 1 in 3,500 and 1 in 5,600 live births, with a male-to-female ratio of 3:2.
University of Montpellier
The University of Montpellier (French: Université de Montpellier; Occitan: Universitat de Montpelhièr) is a public research university located in Montpellier, in south-east of France. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world.

The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1, the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III, remaining a separate entity.

Conrad of Urach
Conrad of Urach (also named Conrad von Urach; German: Konrad von Urach, also known as Konrad or Kuno von Zähringen; born in the 1170s; died 29 September 1227, probably in Bari) was a Cistercian monk and abbot, and Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; he declined the papacy.
Meilichos
Meilichos (Greek: Μείλιχος, Latin: Meilichus) is a torrent in the northwestern part of Achaea, southern Greece.  The river flows from a spring near Skioessa near the northern part of the Panachaiko mountain west of the ravine of Charadros to the Gulf of Patras. It passes north of Skioessa, under a viaduct of the A5 motorway, through the village Sychaina, now a neighbourhood of Patras, it empties west of the neighbourhood of Agyia.

In antiquity there was a temple of Artemis Triklaria near the river, but this has not yet been found by archaeologists. Near the intersection of present-day Aretha Street and the Greek National Road 8A in the Patras neighbourhood of Ampelokipoi, a bridge from the Roman era has been excavated. It currently has a covering which protects the structure from rain.

Skioessa
Skioessa (Greek: Σκιόεσσα, meaning "umbrageous", before 1955: Βούντενη - Voudeni) is a neighbourhood and a settlement in the northeastern part of the city of Patras. Skioessa had a population of 529 in 2021. The previous name of this suburb, Voudeni, is still in use.
California State University Northridge Botanic Garden
The California State University Northridge Botanic Garden or CSUN Botanic Garden is located in the northern San Fernando Valley, in the southeast section ("quadrant") of the California State University, Northridge campus in the community of Northridge in Los Angeles, California.

The 1.5-acre (0.61 ha) site includes a 1-acre (0.40 ha) botanical garden and approximately .5-acre (0.20 ha) of nursery, shadehouse, and greenhouse zones. The botanic gardens were established shortly after the campus was established in 1959, as a Valley branch of California State University, Los Angeles (CSULA). It has grown through the administrations of succeeding San Fernando Valley State College and the present day CSUN Biology Department.

Northridge, Los Angeles
Northridge is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles. The community is home to California State University, Northridge, and the Northridge Fashion Center.

Originally named Zelzah by settlers in 1908, the community was renamed North Los Angeles in 1929 but the appellation sometimes caused confusion between North Hollywood and Los Angeles. In 1938, civic leader Carl S. Dentzel decided to rename the community to Northridge Village, which morphed into modern-day Northridge.

The Northridge area can trace its history back to the Tongva people and later to Spanish explorers. It was sold by the Mexican governor Pío Pico to Eulogio de Celis, whose heirs divided it for resale.
Friuli Movement
The Friuli Movement (Friulian: Moviment Friûl; Italian: Movimento Friuli; MF) is a regionalist political party in Friuli, Italy.

The party, founded in 1966, is still active, but has lost importance. Most of its former members, notably including Roberto Visentin, Pietro Fontanini, Sergio Cecotti, Rinaldo Bosco and Alessandra Guerra, left to join Lega Nord Friuli, which was formed in 1990–1991. As of today, the party has little organisation and usually does not participate in elections.

Lega Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Lega Friuli-Venezia Giulia (English: "League Friuli-Venezia Giulia"), whose complete name is Lega Friuli-Venezia Giulia per Salvini Premier (English: "League Friuli-Venezia Giulia for Salvini Premier"), is a regionalist political party active in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The party was a "national" section of Lega Nord (LN) from 1991 to 2020 and has been the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Friuli-Venezia Giulia since 2020.

The party is currently led by Marco Dreosto. Its leading member is Massimiliano Fedriga, President of Friuli-Venezia Giulia since 2018.
Vestone
Vestone (Brescian: Vistù) is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. It is situated on the river Chiese. Neighboring communes are Barghe, Bione, Casto, Lavenone, Mura, Pertica Alta, Pertica Bassa, Preseglie, Provaglio Val Sabbia and Treviso Bresciano. Its population is 4,340.

Pertica Alta
Pertica Alta (Brescian: Pèrtega Àlta) is a comune, an Italian town of 559 inhabitants in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is located in the upper part of the province and belongs to the Valle Sabbia mountain community.

Neighboring municipalities are Casto, Collio, Lodrino, Marmentino, Mura, Pertica Bassa. and Vestone.
Alain Jacquet
Alain Jacquet (22 February 1939 – 4 September 2008) was a French artist representative of the Nouvelle Figuration movement that was linked to the American Pop Art movement.
Jacquet lived in New York and Paris and taught at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs. He was married (1992) to Sophie Matisse, great-granddaughter of the French Fauvist artist Henri Matisse. They had one daughter, Gaïa Jacquet-Matisse. Jacquet's art is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York, and the Centre Pompidou, the Musée National d'Art Moderne, in Paris. Jacquet died of esophageal cancer in Manhattan.

Sophie Matisse
Sophie Alexina Victoire Matisse (born February 13, 1965) is an American contemporary artist.
Matisse initially gained notice for her series of Missing Person paintings, in which she appropriated and embellished upon, or subtracted from, recognizable works from art history.

Media coverage often mentions Matisse's family background, an art pedigree originating with her great-grandfather, the 20th century painter Henri Matisse. The London Sunday Telegraph newspaper in 2003 referred to Matisse as "art royalty", a term occasionally paraphrased when discussing Matisse and her artwork.
Yoo Nam-seok
Yoo Nam-seok (Korean: 유남석; Hanja: 劉南碩; born 1 May 1957) was the 7th President of the Constitutional Court of Korea since 21 September 2018 to 10 November 2023. Following the vacancy of the presidency of the Constitutional Court; his position has been held since 11 November 2023 by the acting president Lee Eu-nae until the nomination of the new president in the Constitutional Court. During his tenure, he was widely perceived to be part of the court's liberal bloc, and the Constitutional Court struck down restrictions of abortion in South Korea in 2019.

Rapporteur Judge
Rapporteur Judge or Rapporteur-Judge is a term for number of judicial officials similar to judicial assistant at highest court (especially at constitutional court), usually functioning as rapporteur while having status equivalent to lower ordinary court judges.
Sardinian Autonomist Populars
The Sardinian Autonomist Populars (Popolari Autonomisti Sardi, PAS) was a tiny regionalist Christian-democratic Italian political party based in Sardinia.

The party was founded on 1 March 2008 by Sardinian splinters from the UDEUR led by Antonio Satta, who was at the time deputy national secretary. All the eight provincial sections of UDEUR followed Satta into the new party.

After trying to form an alliance for the 2008 general election either with the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats or the Movement for Autonomy, in June the PAS joined forces with splinters of The Rose for Italy led by Mario Baccini in order to form the Federation of Christian Populars (FCP). Satta became vice president of the new party, while Enrico Piras was appointed regional leader. In August 2009, however, Satta left FCP in order to launch the Christian Popular Union.

Federation of Christian Populars
The Federation of Christian Populars (Italian: Federazione dei Cristiano Popolari, FDCP) was a short-lived Christian-democratic political party in Italy which has been a faction within The People of Freedom (PdL), a broad centre-right party led by Silvio Berlusconi, and later became part of the New Centre-Right (NCD).

The party was founded by Mario Baccini, after that he left the Rose for Italy and took part to the foundation of the PdL. The party was joined by Antonio Satta and his Sardinian Autonomist Populars, a splinter group from UDEUR. In October 2008 the FCP officially decided to merge into the PdL. In October 2012 the balance of accounts of the PdL showed that the Christian Populars had received €40,000 of financial support from the mother-party.

In August 2009 Satta launched the Christian Popular Union, which joined the Union of the Centre (UdC) instead.

In November 2013 the Christian Populars left the PdL and joined the newly formed New Centre-Right.
Fort Smith Region, Northwest Territories
Fort Smith Region was a former Statistics Canada census division, one of two in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was abolished in the 2011 census, along with the other census division of Inuvik Region, and the land area of the Northwest Territories was divided into new census divisions named Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, Region 4, Region 5, Region 6.

Its former territory covered all of the modern-day Regions 3 through 6, as well as a part of Region 2.  For example, its border with the old Inuvik Region ran through the middle of Great Bear Lake, which is now entirely within the modern-day Region 2.

It contained more than 77 percent of the population and more than 54 percent of the land area of the Northwest Territories. Its main economic centre was the territorial capital of Yellowknife; it also contained the town of Fort Smith. The 2006 census reported a population of 32,272 spread over a land area of 618,619.7 square kilometres (238,850.4 sq mi).

Region 2, Northwest Territories
Region 2 is the name of a Statistics Canada census division, one of six in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It was introduced in the 2011 census, along with Regions 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, resulting in the abolition of the former census divisions of Fort Smith Region and Inuvik Region (the latter not to be confused with the modern-day administrative region of the same name). Unlike in some other provinces, census divisions do not reflect the organization of local government in the Northwest Territories. These areas exist solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation; they have no government of their own.

Its territorial extent coincides very closely with the Sahtu Region administrative region.

The 2011 census reported a population of 2,341 and a land area of 220,751.92 km2 (85,232.79 sq mi).

Main languages in the Region include English (71.6%) and Slavey (25.9%)
North Carolina Highway 16
North Carolina Highway 16 (NC 16) is a 143.8-mile (231.4 km) primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Traveling in a north–south direction, it connects the cities and towns of Charlotte, Newton, Conover, Taylorsville, Wilkesboro and Jefferson, linking the Charlotte metropolitan area with the mountainous High Country.  NC 16 is part of a three-state route 16 that connects the Charlotte region with northwestern West Virginia.

Paw Creek (Charlotte neighborhood)
Paw Creek is primarily considered to be a community and neighborhood in the northwest part of Mecklenburg County in North Carolina.  It is generally defined geographically by the original boundaries of Paw Creek Township. Most of Paw Creek is within the city limits of Charlotte but the areas that have not yet been annexed are also recognized as a Township of North Carolina.
Esino Lario
Esino Lario (Italian pronunciation: [ˈeːzino ˈlaːrjo]; Lecchese: Esin [ˈeːzĩ]; locally Isen [ˈiːzẽ]) is a municipality (comune) of the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Milan, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Lecco, and about 4.3 kilometres (2.7 mi) from the eastern shore of Lake Como.

The area around Esino Lario is surrounded by Alpine mountains, where the karst landscape has produced sink-holes and caves, including the "Icebox of Moncodeno". The municipality is part of the Mountain Community of Valsassina, Valvarrone, Val d'Esino, and Riviera and is entirely within the "Regional Park of Northern Grigna" (Parco delle Grigna Settentrionale).

Esino Lario borders the municipalities of Cortenova, Lierna, Mandello del Lario, Parlasco, Pasturo, Perledo, Primaluna, Taceno, and Varenna.

Primaluna
Primaluna (Valassinese Lombard: Premalüne) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lecco in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Lecco.

Primaluna borders the following municipalities: Casargo, Cortenova, Crandola Valsassina, Esino Lario, Introbio, Pasturo, Premana.
Longitudinal mode
A longitudinal mode of a resonant cavity is a particular standing wave pattern formed by waves confined in the cavity. The longitudinal modes correspond to the wavelengths of the wave which are reinforced by constructive interference after many reflections from the cavity's reflecting surfaces. All other wavelengths are suppressed by destructive interference.

A longitudinal mode pattern has its nodes located axially along the length of the cavity. Transverse modes, with nodes located perpendicular to the axis of the cavity, may also exist.

Fabry–Pérot interferometer
In optics, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer (FPI), or etalon, is an optical cavity made from two parallel reflecting surfaces (i.e.: thin mirrors). Optical waves can pass through the optical cavity only when they are in resonance with it. It is named after Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, who developed the instrument in 1899. Etalon is from the French étalon, meaning "measuring gauge" or "standard".

Etalons are widely used in telecommunications, lasers and spectroscopy to control and measure the wavelengths of light. Recent advances in fabrication technique allow the creation of very precise tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometers. The device is technically an interferometer when the distance between the two surfaces (and with it the resonance length) can be changed, and an etalon when the distance is fixed (however, the two terms are often used interchangeably).