hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Doctor of Divinity
A Doctor of Divinity (DD or DDiv; Latin: Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity (i.e., Christian theology and ministry or other theologies).  The term is more common in the English-speaking world than elsewhere.  In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the DD is usually a higher doctorate conferred upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction, usually for accomplishments beyond the PhD or ThD level.  In the United States, the DD is generally an honorary degree.  In Catholic universities, faculties of theology usually grant the degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD), but the DD may be awarded as an honorary degree.

Lambeth degree
A Lambeth degree is an academic degree conferred by the Archbishop of Canterbury under the authority of the Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533 (25 Hen. 8. c. 21) as successor of the papal legate in England.  The degrees conferred most commonly are DD (Doctor of Divinity), DCL (Doctor of Civil Law), DLitt (Doctor of Letters), DMus (Doctor of Music), DM (Doctor of Medicine), BD (Bachelor of Divinity) and MA (Master of Arts). The relatively modern degree of MLitt (Master of Letters) has been conferred in recent years, and the MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) are now available.
Backward Euler method
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the backward Euler method (or implicit Euler method) is one of the most basic numerical methods for the solution of ordinary differential equations. It is similar to the (standard) Euler method, but differs in that it is an implicit method. The backward Euler method has error of order one in time.

Linear multistep method
Linear multistep methods are used for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations. Conceptually, a numerical method starts from an initial point and then takes a short step forward in time to find the next solution point. The process continues with subsequent steps to map out the solution. Single-step methods (such as Euler's method) refer to only one previous point and its derivative to determine the current value. Methods such as Runge–Kutta take some intermediate steps (for example, a half-step) to obtain a higher order method, but then discard all previous information before taking a second step. Multistep methods attempt to gain efficiency by keeping and using the information from previous steps rather than discarding it. Consequently, multistep methods refer to several previous points and derivative values. In the case of linear multistep methods, a linear combination of the previous points and derivative values is used.
Carcinocorini
Carcinocorini are a tribe of ambush bugs which are distinct in that they have a claw-like modification of the foreleg used to capture their prey. Such claws, or chelae, which are common in crabs, are almost unknown in insects. Aside from Carcinocorini they are only present in female wasps of the family Dryinidae. The name of the tribe is derived from the Greek karkinos for crab and coris for bug.

Phymatinae
Insects in the subfamily Phymatinae are commonly called ambush bugs after their habit of lying in wait for prey, relying on their superb camouflage. Armed with raptorial forelegs, ambush bugs routinely capture prey ten or more times their own size. They form a subgroup within the assassin bugs.
Marko Kropyvnytskyi
Marko Lukych Kropyvnytskyi (Ukrainian: Марко Лукич Кропивницький; 22 May [O.S. 7 May] 1840 – 21 April [O.S. 8 April] 1910) was a Ukrainian writer, dramaturge, composer, theatre actor and director. Over his career Kropyvnytskyi wrote 40 plays, played in over 500 roles of various repertoire, as well as writing several songs.

In 1875, he was invited by Theophilia Romanovich to the theatrical society Ruska Besida (in English: Ruthenian conversation), and is attributed to be one of the founders of the first professional Ukrainian theatre, The Ruska Besida Theater.

Ukrainska Besida Theatre
The Ukrainska Besida Theatre (Ukrainian: Театр Української Бесіди, romanized: Teatr Ukrainskoi Besidy, lit. 'Theatre of the Ukrainian conversation'; until 1916: Ruska Besida Theatre, Театр Руської Бесіди, Teatr Ruskoi Besidy) was the first Ukrainian professional theatre in operation from 1864 to 1924. Its first performance took place in the premises of The Ukrainian Narodnyi dim building in Lviv. The theatre was subsidized by the Ruska Besida Society in Lviv and occasionally supported by the Galician Diet.
1982 NCAA Division III football season
The 1982 NCAA Division III football season, part of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association at the Division III level, began in August 1982, and concluded with the NCAA Division III Football Championship, also known as the Stagg Bowl, in December 1982 at Garrett-Harrison Stadium in Phenix City, Alabama.

The West Georgia Wolves won their first Division III championship, defeating the Augustana (IL) Vikings by a final score of 14−0.

Garrett–Harrison Stadium
Garrett–Harrison Stadium is a high school football stadium in the southeastern United States, located in Phenix City, Russell County, Alabama. Owned by the city, it is the home stadium for Central High School Red Devils.

Most notably, it hosted college football's NCAA Division III championship game (also known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl) from 1973 to 1982 and again from 1985 to 1989. In 2014, Tuskegee and Albany State played a neutral-site game at the stadium called the White Water Classic. It was the first college football game at the stadium since the last Division III championship held at Garrett-Harrison in 1989.
Staffordshire Moorlands
Staffordshire Moorlands is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. Its council is based in Leek, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Biddulph and Cheadle, along with a large rural area containing many villages. North-eastern parts of the district lie within the Peak District National Park.

The area's principal industries are agriculture, fashion and tourism. Visitor attractions include the National Trust property Biddulph Grange, the Churnet Valley Railway, the UK's largest theme park Alton Towers Resort, and the annual Leek Arts Festival. There are also a variety of outdoor pursuits such as rock climbing (The Roaches), sailing (Rudyard Lake) and cycling (Waterhouses).

The neighbouring districts are East Staffordshire, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Cheshire East, High Peak and Derbyshire Dales.

Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme
The Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England.

It is named after the town of Newcastle-under-Lyme, where the council is based. The borough also includes the town of Kidsgrove and several villages and surrounding rural areas lying generally to the west of Newcastle itself. Most of the borough's built-up areas form part of The Potteries Urban Area.

The neighbouring districts are Staffordshire Moorlands, Stoke-on-Trent, Stafford, Shropshire and Cheshire East.
Dread Central
Dread Central is an American website founded in 2006 that is dedicated to horror fiction news, interviews, and reviews. It covers horror films, comics, novels, and toys. Dread Central has won the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award for Best Website four times and was selected as AMC's Site of the Week in 2008.

Boulet Brothers
The Boulet Brothers (Swanthula Boulet and Dracmorda Boulet) are drag artists, television personalities, writers, producers and modern day horror hosts. They were featured on the cover of Fangoria as "Horror's New Icons" in 2022. Their projects have included horror themed television shows, music, live nightlife productions, books, movies, and comic books. Since 2016 the Boulet Brothers have produced and starred in the reality competition series The Boulet Brothers' Dragula, which features contestants showcasing dark, horror-themed drag looks.

Outside of their television projects, the Boulet Brothers appear regularly as featured guests, performers and emcees at horror conventions, nightclubs and live events. The Boulets are considered prolific nightclub producers with a career creating legendary nightlife events. The Boulet Brothers are also widely celebrated in the LGBTQ+ community due to the inclusive nature of their creative endeavors.
Shinhotaka Ropeway
The Shinhotaka Ropeway (新穂高ロープウェイ, Shinhotaka Rōpuwei) is an aerial lift system in Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and is operated by Okuhi Sightseeing Development (奥飛観光開発, Okuhi Kankō Kaihatsu). The Meitetsu Group company also operates hotels in the area. Opened in 1970, the line climbs to the hillside of the Hida Mountains' Mount Hotaka, the third tallest mountain in Japan.

Meitetsu Group
The Meitetsu Group (名鉄グループ, Meitetsu Gurūpu) of companies centers on the Nagoya Railroad railway company, which links Nagoya and its suburbs. Many companies in the group are designed to enhance the value of the Meitetsu rail network. In addition to the railroad system, the group includes other companies in transportation, real-estate, retail, leisure, and cultural endeavors. Here is a partial list of companies in the Meitetsu Group.
William K. Everson
William Keith Everson (8 April 1929 – 14 April 1996) was an English-American archivist, author, critic, educator, collector, and film historian. He also discovered several lost films. Everson's given first names were Keith William, but he reversed them so that "William K." would mimic the name of Hollywood director William K. Howard, whom he admired.

Castle of Frankenstein
Castle of Frankenstein is an American horror, science fiction and fantasy film magazine first published between 1962 and 1975 by Calvin Thomas Beck's Gothic Castle Publishing Company, distributed by Kable News. Larry Ivie—who also was cover artist for several early issues—and Ken Beale edited the first three issues. Writer-artist Bhob Stewart edited the magazine from 1963 into the early 1970s. Although promoted and sold as a "monster magazine," readers were aware that Castle of Frankenstein, at the time, was the only nationally distributed magazine devoted to a legitimate and serious coverage of B movies. In addition to its central focus on classic and current horror films, Castle of Frankenstein also devoted pages to amateur filmmakers and fanzines. Its advertising pages sold full-length silent feature films such as The Lost World and The Golem: How He Came into the World.
North Carolina Department of Public Safety
The North Carolina Department of Public Safety (NCDPS) is an umbrella agency that carries out many of the state's law enforcement, emergency response and homeland security functions. The department was created in 1977 as the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety. In 2012, the North Carolina Department of Correction and the North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention were merged with Crime Control & Public Safety to create the new agency.

The department is headed by a secretary of public safety, who is appointed by the governor of North Carolina. The secretary is a member of the North Carolina Cabinet. The most recent Secretary Eddie Buffaloe was reaffirmed on January 5, 2025.

North Carolina Cabinet
The North Carolina Cabinet is the group of unelected heads of the executive departments of the Government of North Carolina. It is separate and distinct from the North Carolina Council of State, the members of which are elected statewide, and which makes up the rest of the executive leadership of the government. All cabinet secretaries are appointed by the governor.
Rusty Keaulana
Russ "Rusty" Keaulana (born 6 March 1966) is an American professional longboard surfrider.

Rusty was born in Oahu, Hawaii. He is the son of legendary Hawaiian waterman Richard "Buffalo" Keaulana. He won 3 World Longboard Championships in a row in 1993, 1994 and 1995. In 2010, he entered as a wildcard in an ASP world tour event in Makaha and reached the semifinals. He is renowned as a switchfooter, able to surf with either foot forward. His brother Brian Keaulana is also a notable surfer and is a world-class lifeguard.

Brian Keaulana
Brian Keaulana is a well known Hawaiian surfer, lifeguard, and waterman. He played himself in Baywatch: Hawaii and has provided invaluable support as a stunt coordinator in dozens of major motion pictures.  He has extensive experience for water stunts.
Darius Khondji
Darius Khondji AFC, ASC (Persian: داریوش خنجی; born 21 October 1955) is an Iranian-French cinematographer. He is known for his work with directors such as Jean-Pierre Jeunet, David Fincher, Michael Haneke, Woody Allen, James Gray, Bong Joon-ho, Wong Kar-Wai, and the Safdie brothers. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and three César Awards.

Iranians in France
Iranians in France include immigrants from Iran to France as well as their descendants of Iranian heritage or background. 
Iranians in France are referred to by hyphenated terms such as French-Iranians or French-Persians.
Siamoise
Siamoise is a term for various woven fabric varieties, usually cotton and linen blends, with patterns such as checks and stripes. Siamoise was so named because it imitated clothing worn by 17th century Siamese ambassadors.

Siamese embassy to France (1686)
The Siamese embassy to France in 1686 was the second such mission from the Kingdom of Siam. The embassy was sent by King Narai and led by ambassador Kosa Pan. This embassy was preceded by the First Siamese Embassy to France, composed of two Siamese ambassadors and Father Bénigne Vachet, who had left Siam for France on January 5, 1684.
Le Petit Spirou
Le Petit Spirou (Dutch: De Kleine Robbe; "Young Spirou") is a popular Belgian comic strip created by Tome and Janry in 1987. The series developed from La jeunesse de Spirou (1987), a Spirou & Fantasio album in which Tome and Janry (at the time the authors of the series) set to imagine Spirou's youth. It was developed into a spin-off series shortly afterwards and the authors have focused on it ever since the controversy created after their final Spirou et Fantasio album, Machine qui rêve (1998). New albums are among the bestselling French-language comics, with 330,000 copies for the latest one.

In addition to continuing to develop the character in the spirit of previous Spirou et Fantasio author Franquin, in this series Tome and Janry paid homage to Franquin's manner of animating the gag's signature.

La jeunesse de Spirou
La jeunesse de Spirou, written by Tome and drawn by Janry, is the thirty-eighth album of the Spirou et Fantasio series, and the sixth of the authors. The stories were serialised in Spirou magazine before they were compiled as a hardcover album in 1987. This eventually launched the formal spin-off series Le Petit Spirou.
Makita
Makita Corporation (株式会社マキタ, kabushiki gaisha Makita) (TYO: 6586) is a Japanese manufacturer of power tools.  Founded on March 21, 1915, it is based in Anjō, Japan and operates factories in Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, Romania, the United Kingdom, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Canada, and the United States.

Anjō
Anjō (安城市, Anjō-shi) is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 188,693 in 76,087 households, and a population density of 2,193 persons per km². The total area of the city was 86.05 square kilometres (33.22 sq mi).
De Graeff
De Graeff (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈɣraːf]; also:  De Graef, Graef, Graeff, Graaff, Graaf and De Graeff van Polsbroek) is a Dutch noble family.

The family divided into different lines, in Holland, Prussia (Germany) and South Africa including the patrician-aristocratic line of regents at Amsterdam. This line played a role during the Dutch Golden Age and were part of the Amsterdam and Holland public life and oligarchy from 1578 until 1672. They were a part of the Dutch States Party and therefore opponents of monarchist ambitions of the House of Orange. During that time, members of the De Graeff family were also patrons of art and artists, such as Rembrandt, Govaert Flinck, Gerard ter Borch, Jacob van Ruisdael, Caspar Netscher, Gerard de Lairesse, Artus Quellinus and Joost van den Vondel.

In 1677 members of the Amsterdam line were made knights of the Holy Roman Empire. Since 1885 the new founded Den Haag-line has been part of the Dutch nobility with the honorific of jonkheer.

Lenaert Jansz de Graeff
Lenaert Jansz de Graeff, also Lena(e)rt Jansz Graeff, Leendert de Graeff and Leonhard de Graeff (Amsterdam, c. 1525 – in Exile, c. 1578) belonged to the powerful Amsterdam patriciate. He was one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation in Amsterdam, a friend of Henry, Count of Bréderode, the "Grote Geus", and his deputy as vice-general-captain of Amsterdam, and according to a family tradition identified with "Monseigneur de Graeff", a privateer and captain of the Sea Beggars during the Capture of Brielle. In recent research, Lenaert Jansz de Graeff is described as one of the leaders of the Sea Beggars alongside Admiral William II de la Marck, Lord Lumey and Willem Bloys van Treslong. His character was also used in a historical novel about De Grote Geus.
Fjørtofta
Fjørtoft is an island in Haram Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 8.9-square-kilometre (3.4 sq mi) island is located in the northern part of the municipality, between the islands of Flemsøya, Harøya, and Midøya and Dryna (both in Molde Municipality).

Fjørtoft is a fairly flat island and the highest point is the 112-metre (367 ft) tall Æafjellet. Agriculture and fishing are the main industries on the island. Fjørtoft Church is located on the northern part of the island. In 2024, there were 114 residents of the island.

The Nordøyvegen bridge and tunnel network was completed in 2022. It included the Fjørtoftfjord Tunnel which connects the island of Fjørtoft to the island of Harøya to the north and the Nogvafjord Tunnel which connects Fjørtoft to the island of Flemsøya to the south.

Fjørtoftfjord Tunnel
The Fjørtoftfjord Tunnel (Norwegian: Fjørtoftfjordtunnelen) is an undersea road tunnel in Sunnmøre, Norway. The tunnel connects the village of Myklebust on the island of Harøya (in Ålesund Municipality) to the island of Fjørtofta (in Haram Municipality). The 3,680-metre (2.29 mi) long tunnel opened on 16 June 2022 and it reaches a depth of 118 metres (387 ft) below sea level. It is part of Norwegian County Road 659 and the Nordøyvegen road network.
2012 Trinity Bantams football team
The 2012 Trinity Bantams football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College of Hartford, Connecticut as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) during the 2012 NCAA Division III football season. In their seventh season under head coach Jeff Devanney, the Bantams compiled a perfect 8–0 record, won the NESCAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 281 to 111.

The 2012 season was one of several perfect seasons for the Trinity football program, including 1934, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1993, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2016, and 2022.

The team played its home games at Jessee/Miller Field in Hartford.

2016 Trinity Bantams football team
The 2016 Trinity Bantams football team was an American football team that represented Trinity College of Hartford, Connecticut as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) during the 2016 NCAA Division III football season. In their 11th season under head coach Jeff Devanney, the Bantams compiled a perfect 8–0 record and won the NESCAC championship.

The 2016 season was one of several perfect seasons for the Trinity football program, including 1934, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1993, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2012, and 2022.

The team played its home games at Jessee/Miller Field in Hartford.
Prosodic unit
In linguistics, a prosodic unit is a segment of speech that occurs with specific prosodic properties. These properties can be those of stress, intonation (a single pitch and rhythm contour), or tonal patterns.

Prosodic units occur at a hierarchy of levels, from the syllable, the metrical foot and phonological word to the intonational unit (IU) and to a complete utterance. However, the term is often restricted to intermediate levels which do not have a dedicated terminology. Prosodic units do not generally correspond to syntactic units, such as phrases and clauses; it is thought that they reflect different aspects of how the brain processes speech, with prosodic units being generated through on-line interaction and processing, and with morphosyntactic units being more automated.

Pitch reset
In speech, phonetic pitch reset occurs at the boundaries (pausa) between prosodic units.

Over the course of such units, the median pitch of the voice declines from its initial value, sometimes reaching the lower end of the speaker's vocal range. Then, it must reset to a higher level if the person is to continue speaking. In non-tonal languages, the sudden increase in pitch is one of the principal auditory cues to the start of a new prosodic unit.

In register tone languages which experience discrete downdrift, pitch reset is required as the tones approach the lower end of the speaker's comfort range, and in those languages which experience tone terracing, it is in addition required in order to maintain the tonal distinctions of the language.
Shōyō-en
Shōyō-en (逍遥園) is a Japanese garden located next to the Sanbutsudō Hall of Rinnō-ji Temple in Nikkō. It  was constructed in early Edo period, but reformed in the beginning of 19th century. The garden was given its name by a Confucian scholar Issai Sato. There is a pond containing carp in the middle; stone lanterns, bridges, bamboo fences, a pagoda, and a small tea house adorn the garden.

Shōyō-en Garden was designed to look like Lake Biwa and the surrounding scenery in Shiga Prefecture known as the "Eight Views of Omi".

A stone bridge

A pond with carp

A stone pagoda

A pathway

Nikkō
Nikkō (日光市, Nikkō-shi; IPA: [ɲikkoꜜːɕi]) is a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 2 December 2020, the city's population was 80,239, in 36,531 households. The population density was 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi).

Nikkō is a popular destination for Japanese and international tourists. Attractions include the mausoleum of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Nikkō Tōshō-gū shrine, and that of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu (Iemitsu-byō Taiyū-in), along with Futarasan shrine, which dates to the year 767. There are many famous onsen (hot springs) in the area. Elevations range from 200 to 2,000 meters.

The Japanese saying "Never say kekkō until you've seen Nikkō" (日光を見ずして結構と言うなかれ)" – with kekkō (結構) meaning splendid, magnificent, or satisfied – is a reflection of the beauty and sites in Nikkō.
The Post-Journal
The  Post-Journal is a daily newspaper, serving the area around Jamestown, New York. The current editor of the paper is John Whittaker. It is owned by Ogden Newspapers Inc. and is billed as "southwestern New York's leading newspaper" with a circulation of over 10,000 newspapers. The morning newspaper is published six days a week, with the Saturday edition branded as the Weekender; a Sunday edition was launched in the early 1990s but was discontinued in 2019.

Its nearby sister publications include the Warren Times-Observer and the Dunkirk Observer.

Observer (Dunkirk)
The Observer is a newspaper for the residents of northern Chautauqua County, New York and northwestern Cattaraugus County, New York, with offices located in Dunkirk. It was formerly known as the Evening Observer, and before then, the Dunkirk Evening Observer. Originally delivered in the afternoon six days a week (Monday through Saturday), the Observer later changed to morning delivery seven days a week, before changing back to delivery six days a week with a combined Saturday/Sunday weekend edition on August 31, 2019.