hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Todmorden Cricket Club
Todmorden Cricket Club is a cricket club in the Lancashire League, which plays its home games at Centre Vale in Todmorden, West Yorkshire. Until the administrative border was changed in 1888, the historic boundary between Lancashire and Yorkshire ran through the centre of the ground.

Todmorden
Todmorden (/ˈtɒdmərdən/ TOD-mər-dən; locally /ˈtɒdmɔːrdən, ˈtɒdmərdən, ˈtɔːmdɪn/) is a market town and civil parish in the Upper Calder Valley in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 kilometres) north-east of Manchester, 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Burnley and 9 miles (14 km) west of Halifax. In 2011, it had a population of 15,481.

Todmorden is at the confluence of three steep-sided Pennine valleys and is surrounded by moorlands with outcrops of sandblasted gritstone.

The historic boundary between Yorkshire and Lancashire is the River Calder and its tributary, Walsden Water, which run through the town. The administrative border was altered by the Local Government Act 1888 placing the whole of the town within the West Riding.

The town is served by Todmorden and Walsden railway stations.
Menger's theorem
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Menger's theorem says that in a finite graph, the size of a minimum cut set is equal to the maximum number of disjoint paths that can be found between any pair of vertices.
Proved by Karl Menger in 1927, it characterizes the connectivity of a graph.
It is generalized by the max-flow min-cut theorem, which is a weighted, edge version, and which in turn is a special case of the strong duality theorem for linear programs.

Connectivity (graph theory)
In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more isolated subgraphs. It is closely related to the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important measure of its resilience as a network.
European U-23 Swimming Championships
The European Under 23 (or "U-23") Swimming Championships  (50 m) is a biennial swimming competition for European swimmers organized by European Aquatics and held over three days. The competitor age range is from 19 to 23, and the event is designed to be a development event to aid the transition from junior to senior competition. The inaugural edition in 2023 was awarded to Dublin, Ireland.

2023 European U-23 Swimming Championships
The 2023 European U-23 Swimming Championships were held from 11 to 13 August 2023 in Dublin, Ireland. This is the first edition of these championships. The Championships were for swimmers aged 19 to 23.

In line with the rules of the new championship, guest non-European nations were invited, in this case the United States, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Swimmers from these nations received 'commemorative medals' reflecting their position on the podium in the race, but were disregarded for the purposes of European Championship medals.
Pass Out of Existence
Pass Out of Existence is the debut studio album by American heavy metal band Chimaira, released on October 2, 2001. According to vocalist Mark Hunter, as of 2003, the band has sold 44,000 copies of the album in the United States alone. Pass Out of Existence features an altogether different sound when compared to the band's later albums, leaning more towards nu metal rather than the groove metal style featured in later material. Its heavy use of electronics has also been noted.

Prior to the album’s release, the track "Dead Inside" was performed on the short lived USA Network program Farmclub.com. This appearance prompted Roadrunner Records to sign Chimaira. Pass Out of Existence features re-recordings of two songs that were included on the band’s previous release, This Present Darkness, which are “Sphere” and “Painting the White to Grey”.

This Present Darkness (EP)
This Present Darkness is the debut EP and first major release of the American heavy metal band Chimaira. As of 2007, the EP has sold more than 10,000 copies, and it paved the way for the group’s first full-length album, Pass Out of Existence which would see a release the following year. Two songs from this EP, "Painting the White to Grey" and "Sphere," were re-recorded for Pass Out of Existence.
Walking Artists Network
The Walking Artists Network (WAN) is an international network dedicated to walking as a critical and artistic practice. It reflects an increased interest in walking art and the growth of the field. Based at the University of East London, it has over 700 members from across the globe (though the majority of members are based in the United Kingdom). The network maintains an active email discussion community through JISCmail.

Walking art
Walking art refers to a variety of artistic practices that position walking as the central process, experience or outcome. Walking artists have diverse interests and it 'has gathered practitioners from nearly every field'.:43 Despite emerging from a variety of artistic and literary traditions, a 'common feature [of walking art] is the engagement of the body in a process of walking through a landscape based on a specific artistic design.':161 Some artists consider walking an artistic end in itself, while others use walking as a means of mark-making, storytelling, social practice, or to create work in other artistic media.
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax, officially the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital and most populous municipality of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the most populous municipality in Atlantic Canada. It consists of four former municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996: Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford, and Halifax County.

Halifax is an economic centre of Atlantic Canada, home to a concentration of government offices and private companies. Major employers include the Department of National Defence, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Saint Mary's University, the Halifax Shipyard, various levels of government, and the Port of Halifax. Resource industries found in rural areas of the municipality include agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry, and natural gas extraction. As of 2024, it is estimated that the population of the Halifax CMA was 530,167, with 348,634 people in its urban area.

Boston–Halifax relations
Relations between Boston, Massachusetts, United States, and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, date to the founding of Halifax in 1749, when Boston businesses had an interest in the new settlement for shipping and fish trade. The bond between the two cities became stronger after the Halifax Explosion in 1917, after Boston sent aid and disaster relief to Halifax. Boston, which is the capital of Massachusetts (the most populous state in the New England region), is the most populous city in New England. Likewise, Halifax, which is the capital of Nova Scotia (the most populous province in the Atlantic Canada region), is the most populous city in Atlantic Canada. New England and Atlantic Canada border each other by land and sea along the Canada–United States border. Boston and Halifax are both major port cities on the Atlantic Ocean.
Ottana
Ottana (Sardinian: Otzàna) is a comune (municipality), former bishopric and Latin titular see in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) north of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Nuoro.

The commune of Ottana borders the following municipalities: Bolotana, Noragugume, Olzai, Orani, Sarule, Sedilo.

The town is known for its traditional carnival costumes, including distinctive masks worn by the Boes, Merdules and Filonzana.

Sarule
Sarule is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Nuoro. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,864 and an area of 52.6 square kilometres (20.3 sq mi).

Sarule borders the following municipalities: Mamoiada, Ollolai, Olzai, Orani, Ottana.
Suspended solids
Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to motion of the water. Suspended solids can be removed by sedimentation if their size or density is comparatively large, or by filtration. It is used as one indicator of water quality and of the strength of sewage, or wastewater in general. It is an important design parameter for sewage treatment processes.

It is sometimes abbreviated SS, but is not to be confused with settleable solids, also abbreviated SS, which contribute to the blocking of sewer pipes.

Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options.
Parmouti 10
Parmouti 9 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 11

The tenth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 5, of the Julian calendar, and April 18, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Parmouti 11
Parmouti 10 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 12

The eleventh day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 6, of the Julian calendar, and April 19, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
Asit Kumar Haldar
Asit Kumar Haldar (10 September 1890 – 13 February 1964) was an Indian painter of Bengal school and an assistant of Rabindranath Tagore at Shantiniketan. He was one of the major artists of the Bengal Renaissance.

Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lucknow
Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lucknow, also known as the Lucknow College of Arts and Crafts (LCAC) or Government College of Arts and Crafts (GCAC) or simply the College of Arts and Crafts (CAC), was founded in 1911. It is part of University of Lucknow. Sri 
Ratan Kumar is principal of the college.
Djibouti City
Djibouti (also called Djibouti City and Jibuti in early Western texts) is the capital city of the Republic of Djibouti. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura.

Djibouti has a population of around 780,000 inhabitants, which counts for 73% of the country's population. The settlement was founded in 1888 by the French, on land leased from the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans. During the ensuing period, it served as the capital of French Somaliland and its successor the French Territory of the Afars and Issas.

Diocese of Djibouti
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Djibouti (Latin: Gibuten(sis)) is the Latin sole diocese in the country of Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.

It is exempt, i.e. directly subject to the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

Its cathedral, Our Lady of the Good Shepherd Cathedral (French: Marian Cathédrale de Notre-Dame du Bon-Pasteur) is located in the national capital, Djibouti City.
Koreans in the New York metropolitan area
As of the 2011 American Community Survey, New York City is home to 100,000 ethnic Koreans, with two-thirds living in the borough of Queens. The overall Greater New York combined statistical area numbered 218,764 Korean American residents as of the 2010 United States census, the second-largest population of Koreans outside of Korea and the most prominent.

Koreatown, Palisades Park
Koreatown in the borough of Palisades Park (Korean: 팰리세이즈파크 코리아타운, shortened to Pal Park 팔팍), Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, is centered around the business district on Broad Avenue, which has been called a "Korean food walk of fame".
Armin Mueller-Stahl
Armin Mueller-Stahl (born 17 December 1930) is a German retired actor who appeared in numerous English-language films starting in the 1980s. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Shine. In 2011, he was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear.

Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast
Sovetsk (Russian: Сове́тск; German: Tilsit [ˈtɪlzɪt] ⓘ; Lithuanian: Tilžė; Polish: Tylża) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River which forms the border with Lithuania.

Founded in the medieval period and granted municipal rights in 1552, it is one of the historically most important towns of the oblast and the traditional capital of the region of Lithuania Minor. It was the place where two treaties were concluded, of great importance in the history of France, Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Russia. It is the place of origin of the Tilsit cheese.

With a population of 38,614 as of 2023 it is the second largest city of the Kaliningrad Oblast.
Blue Line (CapMetro)
The Blue Line is a planned light rail line for connecting Austin–Bergstrom International Airport with downtown Austin, Texas. It is still in the planning stages as a part of CapMetro's Project Connect. It is estimated to begin revenue service as early as 2029.

CapMetro
The Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority, officially stylized as CapMetro, is a public transportation provider located in Austin, Texas. It operates bus, paratransit services and a hybrid rail system known as CapMetro Rail in Austin and several suburbs in Travis and Williamson counties. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 26,283,400, or about 81,200 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

Voters approved the creation of CapMetro in January 1985, agreeing to fund the organization with a one percent sales tax. Operations began in July 1985 and CapMetro took over City of Austin bus services in 1986. In 2010, the CapMetro Rail Red Line, the agency's first rail service, began operations.
Jean-Claude Trichet
Jean-Claude Anne-Marie Louis Trichet (French: [ʒɑ̃klod tʁiʃɛ]; born 20 December 1942) is a French economist and senior official who was President of the European Central Bank (ECB) from 2004 to 2011. Previous to his assumption of the presidency he was Governor of the Bank of France from 1993 to 2004.

After stepping down from the ECB, Trichet has taken speaking arrangements across France and was on the board of directors of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS). He was also asked to join the Brussels-based non-doctrinal think tank Bruegel to consult on economic policy. In 2008, Trichet ranked fifth on Newsweek's list of the world's most powerful along with economic triumvirs Ben Bernanke (fourth) and Masaaki Shirakawa (sixth).

Masaaki Shirakawa
Masaaki Shirakawa (白川 方明, Shirakawa Masaaki; born September 27, 1949) is a Japanese economist and the 30th Governor of the Bank of Japan (BOJ), and professor at Aoyama Gakuin University. He is also a Director and Vice-Chairman of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).
SN 2005E
SN 2005E (aka 2005-1032) was a calcium-rich supernova first observed in January 2005 that scientists concluded was a new type of cosmic explosion. The explosion originated in the galaxy NGC 1032, approximately 100 million light years away.

Location: 02h 39m 14.34s +01° 05′ 55.0″ (Epoch J2000)

NGC 1032
NGC 1032 is a spiral galaxy that is about 121 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 18 December 1783.

NGC 1032 is an Active Galaxy Nucleus Candidate, i.e. it has a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars.
Sindh Muslim Law College
The Sindh Muslim Government Law College (Urdu:  سنده مسلم گورنمنٹس لا کالج) or S. M. Law College (Urdu: ایس ایم لاء کالج) is one of the oldest law schools of Pakistan, situated in Karachi, Sindh. The college has produced numerous notables including Chief Justices of Pakistan, Chief Justices of Federal Shariat Court, Chief Ministers of Sindh, Federal Ministers, and many judges of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and Sindh High Court.

The college was established by its first Principal Hassanally A. Rahman, a leading Advocate of Sindh on the June 28, 1947 and was affiliated to the University of Sindh. It started functioning at Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam. After the closure of Shahani Law College, the college shifted to its present building in 1948 and is affiliated with the University of Karachi.

Ghous Ali Shah
Syed Ghous Ali Shah (Urdu: سید غوث علی شاہ; born 1 January 1934) is a Pakistani politician and jurist. He was Chief Minister of Sindh, Pakistan from 1985 to 1988.

He has also remained the Defence Minister of Pakistan from 1991 to 1993 and the Education Minister of Pakistan from 1997 to 1999. He has been elected the Member of National Assembly of Pakistan from his native Constituency NA-215 Khairpur as a result of the 2013 Pakistani general election.
Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture of the People's Republic of China. It is located in northwestern Hunan province. It consists of one city, Jishou, and seven counties: Baojing, Fenghuang, Guzhang, Huayuan, Longshan, Luxi, and Yongshun. Jishou is the capital. Of the 2,480,000 residents, 66.6% are ethnic minorities from 25 different ethnic groups, including 860,000 Tujia and 790,000 Miao.

Guzhang County
Guzhang County (simplified Chinese: 古丈县; traditional Chinese: 古丈縣; pinyin: Gǔzhàng Xiàn)  is a county of Hunan Province, China. The county is the 2nd least populous administrative unit of the counties or county-level cities (after Shaoshan City) in the province. It is under the administration of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.

Located in the northwest of Hunan and in the east of Xiangxi Prefecture, the county is bordered to the north by Yongshun County, to the east by Yuanling County, to the south by Luxi County and Jishou City, and to the west by Baojing County. Guzhang County covers an area of 1,286.47 km2 (496.71 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 143,182 and a resident population of 131,900. The county has 7 towns under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Guyang (古阳镇).
Chadwick, Missouri
Chadwick is an unincorporated community in eastern Christian County, Missouri, United States. The total population of Chadwick Township per the 2020 census was 403.  It is located approximately six miles southeast of Sparta along Missouri Route 125. The community of Oldfield is approximately three miles to the north along Route 125. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its ZIP code is 65629.

Chadwick is located in the hills of the Ozarks along the south edge of the Springfield Plateau. It sits on a ridge between the East Fork of Bull Creek to the west and Swan Creek to the east.

Christian County, Missouri
Christian County is located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 88,842. Its county seat is Ozark. The county was organized in 1859 and is named after  Christian County, Kentucky, which in turn is named for William Christian, a Kentucky soldier of the American Revolutionary War.

Part of the Springfield, Missouri metropolitan statistical area, Christian County experienced rapid growth between 2000 and 2010, becoming the fastest-growing county in Missouri and one of the fastest in the nation, largely due to Springfield's expansion.
Nepa (village)
Nepa is a village and market center Dullu Municipality in Dailekh District in the Bheri Zone of western-central Nepal. The formerly village development committee was annexed to the municipality from 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3621 people living in 739 individual households.

Dullu
Dullu (Nepali: दुल्लु) is an urban Municipality in Dailekh District of Karnali Province in Nepal.

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census former Dullu had a population of 30,457 people living in 5,861 individual households. After the reconstruction of local level authority in Nepal in 2017, the total area of the new Dullu municipality has 156.77 square kilometres (60.53 sq mi) and total population is now (as of 2011 Nepal census) 41,540.
Commander-in-Chief Fleet
The Commander-in-Chief Fleet (CINCFLEET) was the admiral responsible for the operations of the ships, submarines and aircraft of the British Royal Navy from 1971 until April 2012. The command's most pressing challenge for most of its existence was the threat of a third Battle of the Atlantic; perhaps its most prominent war was in the Falklands in 1982. The post was subordinate to the First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff, the professional head of the Navy. In its last years, as the Navy shrank, more administrative responsibilities were added.

In April 2012, the post was abolished. Its responsibilities were taken over by a three-star vice admiral, the Fleet Commander and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff.

Flag Officer, Third Flotilla
The Flag Officer, Third Flotilla was the senior Royal Navy appointment in command of the Third Flotilla from 1979 to 1992.

The Western Fleet and Far East Fleet were merged into the single Commander-in-Chief Fleet in 1971. He had three new seagoing subordinates: Flag Officer First Flotilla, Second Flotilla and Flag Officer, Carriers and Amphibious Ships (FOCAS) each commanded by a rear admiral. In December 1979 the post of FOCAS was re-named Flag Officer, Third Flotilla (FOF3).

From 1981-1992 the Flag Officer Third Flotilla commanded the aircraft carriers; amphibious Ships; the Fleet Training Ship; and destroyers not allocated to First or Second Flotillas.

In April 1992, the Third Flotilla was abolished, and the remaining two flotilla commanders became Flag Officer, Surface Flotilla - responsible for operational readiness and training and Commander United Kingdom Task Group (COMUKTG), who would command any deployed task group.
The Grand Views
Viewfinder is the official student magazine of Grand View University in Des Moines, Iowa, published in print and online via viewfindergv.com. It was founded as a newspaper in 1949, and its publication is funded by advertising revenues as well as funds from the student activities fees.

The magazine is published once a month during the fall and spring semesters. The printed circulation is 2,000 and is distributed mostly on campus.

Most issues of Viewfinder consist of 24 pages, and sections include campus culture, arts and entertainment, reviews, people and features.

Formerly a print newspaper, the Grand Views was printed primarily in black and white until 2005 when spot color was added. The conversion to a magazine took place in fall 2015. The magazine is full color and features the writing, photography and design of more than 40 students every year.

Grand View University
Grand View University is a private liberal arts university in Des Moines, Iowa.  Founded in 1896 and affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the university enrolls approximately 2,000 students and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.