hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neustadt–Wissembourg railway
The Neustadt–Wissembourg railway, also called the Pfälzische Maximiliansbahn ("Palatine Maximilian Railway"), Maximiliansbahn or just the Maxbahn - is a railway line in southwestern Germany that runs from Neustadt an der Weinstrasse to Wissembourg (German: Weißenburg) in Alsace, France. The Palatine Maximilian Railway also included a branch (the Winden–Karlsruhe railway) from Winden via Wörth and the Maxaubahn to Karlsruhe.

Landau–Rohrbach railway
The Landau–Rohrbach railway (sometimes called the Südpfalzbahn—"South Palatinate Railway"—or the Queichtalbahn—"Queich Valley Railway") is a major line running from Landau in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate to Rohrbach in the Saarland. The main section between Landau and Zweibrücken was opened on 25 November 1875 after the first sections had already been opened between 1857 and 1867.

Although the Landau–Rohrbach railway was once a major east–west route for freight and was used for long-distance transport, the line is now used exclusively for regional passenger services.
SmartStax
SmartStax is a brand of genetically modified seed made through a collaboration between Monsanto Company and Dow Chemical Company. It takes advantage of multiple modes of insect protection and herbicide tolerance. SmartStax takes advantage of Yieldgard VT Triple (Monsanto), Herculex Xtra (Dow), RoundUp Ready 2 (Monsanto), and Liberty Link (Dow). The traits included protect against above-ground insects, below-ground insects, and provide broad herbicide tolerance.  It is currently available for corn, but cotton, soybean, and specialty crop variations are to be released. Previously, the most genes artificially added to a single plant was three, but Smartstax includes eight. Smartstax also incorporates Monsanto's Acceleron Seed Treatment System which protects against insects at the earliest stages of development.  Smartstax is sold under the Genuity (Monsanto) and Mycogen (Dow) brands.

Western corn rootworm
The Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the most devastating corn rootworm species in North America, especially in the midwestern corn-growing areas such as Iowa. A related species, the Northern corn rootworm, D. barberi, co-inhabits in much of the range and is fairly similar in biology.

Two other subspecies of D. virgifera are described, including the Mexican corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera zeae), a significant pest in its own right, attacking corn in that country.

Corn rootworm larvae can destroy significant percentages of corn if left untreated. In the United States, current estimates show that 30,000,000 acres (12,000,000 ha) of corn (out of 80 million grown) are infested with corn rootworm. The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that corn rootworms cause $1 billion in lost revenue each year, including $800 million in yield loss and $200 million in cost of treatment for corn growers.
Ford Focus (second generation, Europe)
The Ford Focus Mk 2 is the second generation of Ford Focus, a range of small family cars produced by Ford Motor Company from 2005 to 2010. It was launched at the Paris Motor Show on September 25, 2004, as a three and five-door hatchback and an estate, although the new car was previewed, in 4-door saloon form, as the 'Focus Concept' developed by Ford Europe at the Beijing Motor Show in mid-2005.

Ford Duratec engine
Ford Duratec engine is a line of engines used by Ford of Europe and United States for the company's range of gasoline-powered I3, I4, I5 and V6 passenger car engines. The first Duratec engine was co-designed by Ford and Porsche and introduced as the Duratec V6 in the 1993 Ford Mondeo.

Ford would subsequently brand other gasoline engines unrelated to the original V6 with the Duratec name. The Ford Zeta engine, Ford Sigma engine and Ford Cyclone engine all carry the Duratec name, but are otherwise unrelated to each other or the original 1993 Duratec V6. The ambiguous use of the name is similar to Ford's use of the Zetec for the previous generation of gasoline engines, the Duratorq name for diesel engines, and EcoBoost for turbocharged gasoline engines.
Lydia Manon
Lydia Manon (born September 16, 1982, in Reading, PA) is an American retired ice dancer. With Ryan O'Meara, she is the 2005 U.S. bronze medalist and Four Continents bronze medalist. They announced the end of their partnership in March 2005.

Manon began skating with Brandon Forsyth in March 2005. They skated together until mid-2006 when she retired to pursue academic studies at the George Washington University. Prior to joining forces with O'Meara in 2003, she competed with Michel Klus.

Currently, Manon is a graduate student in the Slavic Department at the University of Virginia.

Ryan O'Meara (figure skater)
Ryan O'Meara (born January 5, 1984) is an American ice dancer. With partner Jamie Silverstein, he is a 2006 Olympian. Following his retirement from competitive skating, he began working full-time as a coach and an interior designer.
Helen Fabela Chávez
Helen Fabela Chávez (January 21, 1928 – June 6, 2016) was an American labor activist for the United Farm Workers of America (UFWA). Aside from her affiliation with the UFW, she was a Chicana with a traditional upbringing and limited education. She was also the wife of Cesar Chavez.

United Farm Workers
The United Farm Workers of America, or more commonly just United Farm Workers (UFW), is a labor union for farmworkers in the United States. It originated from the merger of two workers' rights organizations, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez, Dolores Huerta, and Gilbert Padilla and the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by organizer Larry Itliong.

They allied and transformed from workers' rights organizations into a union as a result of a series of strikes in 1965, when the Filipino-American and Mexican-American farmworkers of the AWOC in Delano, California, initiated a grape strike, and the NFWA went on strike in support. As a result of the commonality in goals and methods, the NFWA and the AWOC formed the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee in August 1966. This organization was accepted into the AFL–CIO in 1972 and changed its name to the United Farm Workers Union.
Bridgewater, Pennsylvania
Bridgewater is a borough in central Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, at the confluence of the Beaver and Ohio rivers. The population was 745 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The borough is best known as the home of the Bruster's Ice Cream chain.

Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Beaver County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 168,215. Its county seat is Beaver, and its largest city is Aliquippa. The county is part of the Greater Pittsburgh region of the commonwealth.
Superphane
Superphane is a 6-fold bridged cyclophane with all arene positions in the benzene dimer taken up by ethylene spacers. The compound has been of some scientific interest as a model for testing aromaticity and was first synthesised by Virgil Boekelheide in 1979. Superphane is the base compound for a large group of derivatives with structural variations. The analogs with 2 to 5 bridges are also known compounds. The benzene rings have been replaced by other aromatic units, such as those based on ferrocene or stabilized cyclobutadiene. Numerous derivatives are known with variations in the type and length of the bridging units.

Cyclophane
In organic chemistry, a cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and a chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring. More complex derivatives with multiple aromatic units and bridges forming cagelike structures are also known. Cyclophanes are well-studied examples of strained organic compounds.
Plack (software)
Plack is a Perl web application programming framework inspired by Rack for Ruby and WSGI for Python, and it is the project behind the PSGI specification used by other frameworks such as Catalyst and Dancer. Plack allows for testing of Perl web applications without a live web server.

Plackup is a command line utility to run PSGI applications from the command line.

FastCGI
FastCGI is a binary protocol for interfacing interactive programs with a web server. It is a variation on the earlier Common Gateway Interface (CGI). FastCGI's main aim is to reduce the overhead related to interfacing between web server and CGI programs, allowing a server to handle more web page requests per unit of time.
Uptown Somerset Historic District
The Uptown Somerset Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Somerset in Somerset County, Pennsylvania.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, with a boundary increase in 1997.

Somerset, Pennsylvania
Somerset (/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ SUM-ər-set) is a borough in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. The population was 6,046 at the 2020 census. The borough is surrounded by Somerset Township and is located off the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-70 and I-76). Somerset is the principal city of the Somerset micropolitan statistical area, which consists of Somerset County, and is also a principal city of the larger Johnstown-Somerset combined statistical area.
Thomas of Frignano
Thomas of Frignano (1305–1381) was an Italian Franciscan theologian. He became Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, and on 19 July 1372 was approved by Pope Gregory XI as patriarch of Grado.

Tommaso was created a cardinal on 20 September 1378 by Pope Urban VI. He was Bishop of Frascati and, as the senior bishop in Urban's new college, probably  Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals from December 1378.  He died in Rome on 19 November 1381.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati
The Diocese of Frascati (Lat.: Tusculana) is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, based at Frascati, near Rome. The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop; from the Latin name of the area, the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum. Tusculum was destroyed in 1191. The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati, a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV. Until 1962, the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see. Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses and made the title purely honorific.
ʻIolani School
ʻIolani School is a private coeducational K-12 college preparatory school in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi. It serves more than 2,200 students with a boarding program for grades 9-12. ʻIolani was founded in 1863 by Father William R. Scott, it was the principal school of the former Anglican Church of Hawaiʻi. It was patronized by Kamehameha IV and Queen Emma who gave the school its name in 1870. ʻIolani in the Hawaiian language means "heavenly hawk". Today, ʻIolani School is affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the United States. It is administered by a Board of Governors and is one of the largest independent schools in the United States.

Danny Yamashiro
Daniel Keauhou Matsu Yamashiro (/ˈkeɪˈaʊhoʊ/ kay-ow-hoh; born December 5, 1967) is an American author, guest lecturer at Harvard, a chaplain at MIT, researcher, clergyman, and podcast host who survived a 400-foot (120-meter) fall from the Nuʻuanu Pali ridge in Honolulu, Hawaii, at 18. He is the first scholar to present aggregate data on childhood trauma as it relates to American presidents. Yamashiro also produced the first comprehensive study on American presidents that investigates the influence of religious development from a lens of trauma.
Nigel Rudd
Sir Nigel Rudd, FCA, DL (born 31 December 1946 in Derby, England) is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. In 1982, he founded Williams Holdings, a company which went on to become one of the largest industrial holding companies in the United Kingdom until its demerger in November 2000, creating Chubb plc and Kidde plc. He became the non-executive chairman of Kidde plc until December 2003. He currently presides as chairman of BBA Aviation PLC.

Loughborough University
Loughborough University (abbreviated as Lough or Lboro for post-nominals) is a public research university in the market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, England. It has been a university since 1966, but it dates back to 1909, when Loughborough Technical Institute was founded. In March 2013, the university announced it had bought the former broadcast centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a second campus. The annual income of the institution for 2024–25 was £386.2 million, of which £57.0 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £379.5 million. In 2024, Loughborough ranked ninth nationally for undergraduate education.
Marian Catholic College
Marian Catholic College is a Roman Catholic co-educational Secondary day school, in Griffith in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia. Administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wagga Wagga, the college caters to students from Year 7 to Year 12. It is called "Marian" in honour of Mary, the Mother of God, patron of the Sisters of Mercy and Marist Brothers who founded the college.

The 7th-12th years are split into middle school, school certificate years, and senior school. At the end of 10th year, students receive their School Certificate. At the end of 12th year, students receive their Higher School Certificate.

Griffith, New South Wales
Griffith is a major regional city in the northern Riverina region of western New South Wales, known commonly as the food bowl of Australia. It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area.  Like the Australian capital, Canberra, and extensions to the nearby town of Leeton, Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin. Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith, the then New South Wales Secretary for Public Works. Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987, and at the 2021 census had a population of 20,569.

It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne, via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way. Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide, Orange, and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi.
Gazzada Schianno
Gazzada Schianno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Milan and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) south of Varese. It is served by Gazzada-Schianno-Morazzone railway station.

Gazzada Schianno borders the following municipalities: Brunello, Buguggiate, Lozza, Morazzone, Varese. It is formed by two main localities, Gazzada and Schianno.

Gazzada was the venue in 1967 for discussions between Anglicans and Catholics following the Second Vatican Council.

Morazzone
Morazzone is a comune (municipality) of c. 4,000 inhabitants in the province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Varese. It is served by Gazzada-Schianno-Morazzone railway station.

Morazzone borders the following municipalities: Brunello, Caronno Varesino, Castiglione Olona, Castronno, Gazzada Schianno, Gornate-Olona, Lozza.

Old coat of arms
Dhahar District
Dhahar District (Somali: Degmada Dhahar) is an administrative district in the Sanaag region.

In the  administrative divisions of Somaliland, it is a C-class district according to the 2019 Local Government Law.

In the administrative division of Puntland, the district is the capital of the Haylan region.

Sanaag
Sanag (Somali: Sanaag, Arabic: سَنَاج) is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Somaliland and Puntland, a state of Somalia.

Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.

The region is partially controlled by Puntland and Somaliland. Puntland claims only the Harti-inhabited parts of region to be part of Somaliland, while the latter claims the entire region - a claim based on the British Somaliland boundaries.
Fujisaki Line
The Fujisaki Line (藤崎線, Fujisaki-sen) is a 2.3 km railway line owned by the Kumamoto Electric Railway, serving Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. The line branches southward from Kita-Kumamoto Station to Fujisakigū-mae Station.

Previously, this line extended to Kami-Kumamoto Station on one side and Kikuchi on the other. The section between Kita-Kumamoto and Kikuchi was transferred to the Kikuchi Line on October 1, 1950, and the section between Fujisakigū-mae and Kami-Kumamoto was transferred to the Kumamoto City Tram as the Tsuboi Line on June 1, 1954. The Tsuboi Line ceased operations in 1970.

Kumamoto Electric Railway
The Kumamoto Electric Railway (熊本電気鉄道, Kumamoto Denki Tetsudō) is a public transport company in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is abbreviated as Kumamoto Dentetsu (熊本電鉄) or Kumaden (熊電). The company was founded in 1909. The company operates railway and bus lines.
Dicycloplatin
Dicycloplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers which includes the non-small-cell lung carcinoma and prostate cancer.

Some side effects which are observed from the treatment by dicycloplatin are nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, loss of appetite, liver enzyme elevation and alopecia. The drug is a platinum-based antineoplastic, and it works by causing mitochondrial dysfunction which leads to cell death.

Dicycloplatin was developed in China and it was used for phase I human trial clinical in 2006. The drug was approved for chemotherapy by the Chinese FDA in 2012.

Platinum-based antineoplastic
Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (informally called platins) are chemotherapeutic agents used to treat cancer. Their active moieties are coordination complexes of platinum.  These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy, commonly used drugs include cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, but several have been proposed or are under development. Addition of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs to chemoradiation in women with early cervical cancer seems to improve survival and reduce risk of recurrence.

In total, these drugs can cause a combination of more than 40 specific side effects which include neurotoxicity, which is manifested by peripheral neuropathies including polyneuropathy.
Hulü Jin
Hulü Jin (488–567), courtesy name Aliudun, né Hulü Dun, was a Tiele military general and official of the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. A prominent chieftain among the Tiele, Hulü joined Gao Huan during his war against the Erzhu clan and participated in several battles against the Western Wei, becoming one of his most trusted companions. After Gao Huan's death, he continued to receive favour and rose to great prominence under the Northern Qi as his family members intermarried with the imperial Gao clan.

Hulü Jin is the earliest recorded person to sing the popular "Song of the Chile" (敕勒歌), and his son, Hulü Guang is also a famous general of the Northern Qi.

Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi
Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi ((北)齊孝昭帝) (535 – c.late November 561), personal name Gao Yan (高演), courtesy name Yan'an (延安), was an emperor of the Chinese Northern Qi dynasty. He was generally considered a capable ruler, but ruled for less than two years before dying from injuries suffered from falling off a horse. The Northern Qi dynasty would not have another capable ruler after his death. He was only 26 when he died.
Centaur (rocket stage)
The Centaur is a family of rocket-propelled upper stages that has been in use since 1962. It is currently produced by United Launch Alliance (ULA) in two main versions. The 3.05 m (10 ft) diameter Centaur III (also known as the Common Centaur) serves as the second stage of the retiring Atlas V rocket, and the 5.4 m (17.7 ft) diameter Centaur V is used as the second stage of the Vulcan Centaur rocket. Centaur was the first rocket stage to use hydrolox propellant—liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX)—a high-energy combination well suited for upper stages but difficult to handle because both propellants must be stored at extremely low cryogenic temperatures.

Atlas III
The Atlas III (known as the Atlas II-AR (R for Russian) early in development ) was an American orbital launch vehicle, used in the years between 2000 and 2005. It was developed from the highly successful Atlas II rocket and shared many components. It was the first member of the Atlas family since the Atlas A to feature a "normal" staging method, compared to the previous Atlas family members, which were equipped with two jettisonable outboard engines on the first (booster) stage (with a single center engine serving as the sustainer). The Atlas III was developed further to create the Atlas V.
Rancho Refugio
Rancho Refugio was a 12,147-acre (49.16 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz County, California given in 1839  by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to María Candida, Jacinta, and María de los Angeles Castro.  The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Moore Creek (near the western city limit of Santa Cruz) to Laguna Creek, a border shared with Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna (not far from Davenport).

Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna
Rancho Arroyo de la Laguna was a 4,418-acre (17.88 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Santa Cruz County, California given in 1840  by Governor Juan B. Alvarado to Gil Sanchez. The grant extended along the Pacific coast south-east from Rancho San Vicente and San Vicente Creek (which runs through present day Davenport) to Laguna Creek and Rancho Refugio.
Chợ Mới district, An Giang province
Chợ Mới is a rural district (huyện) of An Giang province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Chợ Mới is the district with the largest population in An Giang province. As of 2019, the district had a population of 307,981. The district covers 355 km2 (137 sq mi). The district's capital lies at Chợ Mới.

In addition to the district capital Chợ Mới, there are two other urban subdivisions, Mỹ Luông Town and Hội An Town. The rural communes are: Kiến An, Kiến Thành, Mỹ Hội Đông, Nhơn Mỹ, Long Giang, Long Điền A, Long Điền B, Tân Mỹ, Mỹ Hiệp, Bình Phước Xuân, Long Kiến, An Thạch Trung, Hòa Bình and Hoà An. The district is heavily criss-crossed by waterways in the delta, causing the district to consist of small islands. Hòa Hảo, Cao Đài,  Protestantism and Roman Catholicism are the main religions.

An Giang province
An Giang is a province of Vietnam. It is located in the Mekong Delta, in the country's southwestern part.

On June 12, 2025, the National Assembly passed Resolution No. 202/2025/QH15, which took effect the same day, merging Kiên Giang Province into An Giang Province.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Memphis
The Diocese of Memphis (Latin: Dioecesis Memphitana in Tennesia) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the western part of Tennessee in the United States.

The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Memphis. The Diocese of Memphis is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Louisville in Kentucky.

James Stafford
James Francis Stafford (born July 26, 1932) is an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as major penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary from 2003 to 2009.

Stafford previously served as president of the Pontifical Council for the Laity (1996–2003), archbishop of the Archdiocese of Denver (1986–1996), bishop of the Diocese of Memphis (1982–1986), and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore (1976–1982). Stafford was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 1998.