hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Adamawa languages
The Adamawa /ædəˈmɑːwə/ languages are a putative family of 80–90 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in Central Africa, in northern Cameroon, north-western Central African Republic, southern Chad, and eastern Nigeria, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people (as of 1996). Joseph Greenberg classified them as one branch of the Adamawa–Ubangi family of Niger–Congo languages.  They are among the least studied languages in Africa, and include many endangered languages; by far the largest is Mumuye, with 400,000 speakers. A couple of unclassified languages—notably Laal and Jalaa—are found along the fringes of the Adamawa area.

Geographically, the Adamawa languages lie near the location of the postulated Niger–Congo – Central Sudanic contact that may have given rise to the Atlantic–Congo family, and so may represent the central radiation of that family.

Adamawa–Ubangi languages
The Adamawa–Ubangi languages are a geographic grouping and formerly postulated family of languages spoken in Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan, by a total of about 12 million people.
Lucy Gulama
Madam Lucy Gulama (26 September 1896–1966) was the Sierra Leonean wife of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama.

Madam Lucy was the matriarch of one of Sierra Leone's most powerful noble families. She is the mother of Paramount Chief Madam Ella Koblo Gulama and Komeh Gulama Lansana, the widow of Brigadier David Lansana, the late Commander of Sierra Leone's Armed Forces who briefly served as a military junta leader before his removal and subsequent execution after a counter coup in 1975.

Her husband Julius Gulama was Paramount Chief of Kaiyamba Chiefdom. He was a beloved and revered figure in Sierra Leone, who is remembered for his efforts to unite the country's various ethnic groups together. He was a passionate advocate of education in Sierra Leone.

David Lansana
Brigadier David Lansana (22 March 1922 – 19 July 1975) was a Sierra Leonean military officer and prominent military figure in Sierra Leone during its colonial and post-independence period. Lansana was one of the most distinguished officers in the history of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces, and was one of the first Sierra Leoneans to train at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Berkshire, United Kingdom.

Through his marriage to Komeh Gulama Lansana, the daughter of Paramount Chief Julius Gulama of Kaiyamba Chiefdom, Lansana was therefore a relative of Paramount Chief Ella Koblo Gulama and her husband Paramount Chief Bai Koblo Pathbana II, two of the nation's most influential politicians.

On 21 March 1967, Lansana staged Sierra Leone's first coup d'état. Lansana was charged with treason, tried and found guilty, and was eventually executed on 19 July 1975.
Carmen Planas
Carmen Lim Planas (March 23, 1914 – August 25, 1964) was the first woman to be elected to any public office in the Philippines when she was elected municipal board member of Manila by general suffrage in 1934. She would later serve as the capital city's first female Vice Mayor of Manila from 1940 to 1941 and again from 1944 to 1951.

Tondo, Manila
Tondo is a district located in Manila, Philippines. It is the largest, in terms of area and population, of Manila's sixteen districts, with a census-estimated 637,942 people in 2024. It consists of two congressional districts. It is also the second most densely populated district in the city.
Deputy Director of the CIA for Operations
The deputy director of the CIA for operations is a senior United States government official in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency who serves as head of the Directorate of Operations. The position was established December 1, 1950 and from January 4, 1951, until March 1, 1973, it was known as Deputy Director of Plans (DDP). When this unit was known as the Directorate of Plans, it at first accounted for about 75% of the CIA budget and about 60% of the personnel within the CIA.

After staying named the deputy director of plans until 1973, the position was then known as Deputy Director for Operations (DDO) until December 17, 2004 when, under the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the position was renamed to Director of the National Clandestine Service (D/NCS). When David Marlowe was chosen to lead the Directorate of Operations by CIA director William J. Burns in June 2021, media reported his position as being titled Deputy Director of Operations.

Directorate of Operations (CIA)
The Directorate of Operations (DO), less formally called the Clandestine Service, is a component of the US Central Intelligence Agency. It was known as the Directorate of Plans from 1951 to 1973; as the Directorate of Operations from 1973 to 2004; and as the National Clandestine Service (NCS) from 2004 to 2015.

The DO "serves as the clandestine arm of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the national authority for the coordination, de-confliction, and evaluation of clandestine operations across the Intelligence Community of the United States".
National Space Research and Development Agency
The National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) is the national space agency of Nigeria. It is a parastatal under Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology. The agency is based in the Nigerian capital city of Abuja, in the Lugbe district, and has a ground receiving station, among other sites. In the past, it has cooperated in space technology with the United Kingdom, China, Ukraine and Russia. The agency has struggled with meeting its financial plans and some of its facilities are rundown. Despite this, the space agency is one of the most advanced space agencies in Africa, boasting of four satellites and very grand ambitions. Nigeria's satellites have been praised for their high-resolution images. NASRDA is host to one of UN-SPIDER's Regional Support Offices (RSO) in Africa.

Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology
The Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology is a Nigerian ministry whose mission is to facilitate the development and deployment of science and technology apparatus to enhance the pace of socio-economic development of the country through appropriate technological inputs into productive activities in the nation. It is headed by a Minister appointed by the President, assisted by a Permanent Secretary, who is a career civil servant.
President Bola Tinubu, GCFR on 16 August 2023 appointed Uche Nnaji as the Minister of Science and Technology. Mr James Sule, mni is the current permanent secretary in the ministry.

The Ministry was renamed to Federal Ministry of Innovation, Science and  Technology on 6 August 2021.
Ian G. McKeith
Ian G. McKeith FRSB FMedSci  is a professor of Old Age Psychiatry at Newcastle University in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North-East of England. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

McKeith is credited with bringing together international researchers to develop and refine diagnostic criteria for Lewy body dementias (LBD). In 2015, he was given a Lifetime Achievement Award in Alzheimer's Research from the Alzheimer's Association for his groundbreaking work in LBD.  He was also honoured that year by the Lewy Body Dementia Association for his work in LBD advocacy and research. As a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the Lewy Body Dementia Association, he led the Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium effort that published new diagnostic criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies in 2017.

In 2018, he was the President of the Lewy Body Society, a European charity whose mission is to raise awareness of dementia with Lewy bodies.

Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium
The Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium (DLB Consortium or DLBC) is an international multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers interested in the dementia with Lewy bodies. It first convened in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, in October 1995.  Between 1995 and 2005, it issued three DLBC Consensus Reports on dementia with Lewy bodies.
Pullman train (UK)
Pullman trains in Great Britain were mainline luxury railway services that operated with first-class coaches and a steward service, provided by the British Pullman Car Company (PCC) from 1874 until 1962, and then by British Railways from 1962 until 1972. Many named mainline service trains have subsequently used the word 'Pullman' in their titles, but most of these have been normal trains with increased first-class accommodation. Since 1982 however, some railtours have been operated by companies using Pullman coaches dating from the 1920s to 1950s to recreate the ambience of the heyday of Pullman travel.

Midland Pullman
The Midland Pullman was the name given to a former express passenger train service operating on British Railways' old Midland Main Line between London St Pancras and Manchester Central via Leicester and Millers Dale. The train completed the journey in 3 hours 15 minutes.

This service is not to be confused with the first Midland Railway Pullman coach introduced in 1874, named "Midland" which was of clerestory roofed design, imported from the Pullman Company in the US and assembled in Derby.
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah I (c. 1299 – 9 July 1320) was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate of present-day India. A member of the Khalji dynasty, he was a son of Alauddin Khalji.

After Alauddin's death, Mubarak Shah was imprisoned by Malik Kafur, who appointed his younger brother Shihabuddin Omar as a puppet monarch. After Malik Kafur's murder, Mubarak Shah became the regent. Soon after, he blinded his brother, and usurped the power. After ascending the throne, he resorted to populist measures, such as abolishing the heavy taxes and penalties imposed by his father, and releasing thousands of prisoners.

He curbed a rebellion in Gujarat, recaptured Devagiri, and successfully besieged Warangal to extract a tribute. He was murdered because of a conspiracy by his slave general Khusrau Khan, who succeeded him on the throne.

Shihabuddin Omar
Shihab-ud-din Omar (r. 1316) was the third Sultan of the Khalji dynasty and fourteenth Sultan of Delhi Sultanate in India. After the death of his father Alauddin Khalji in 1316, he ascended the throne as a toddler, with the support of Alauddin's slave-general Malik Kafur. His brother Qutb-ud-din Mubarak became the regent after the assassination of Kafur and subsequently dethroned him to become the Sultan.
Rocky Hill, Edmonson County, Kentucky
Rocky Hill is an unincorporated community in Edmonson County, Kentucky, United States, located south of Mammoth Cave National Park. It is part of the Bowling Green, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Edmonson County, Kentucky
Edmonson County is a county located in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,126. Its county seat and only municipality is Brownsville. The county was formed in 1825 and named for Captain John "Jack" Edmonson (1764–1813), who was killed at the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. This is a dry county where the sale of alcohol is prohibited. Edmonson County is included in the Bowling Green metropolitan area.
Leaden Roding
Leaden Roding is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. The village is included in the eight hamlets and villages called The Rodings. Leaden Roding is 8 miles (13 km) north-west from the county town of Chelmsford. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 720.

The Rodings
The Rodings /ˈroʊdɪŋz/ are a group of eight villages in the upper part of the River Roding and the west of Essex, England, the largest group in the country to bear a common name. The Rodings do not lie within a single district in the county; they are arranged around the tripoint of the administrative areas of Chelmsford, Uttlesford and Epping Forest. An alternative arcane name, linked to the Middle English Essex dialect, was The Roothings.
Mokaya
Mokaya were pre-Olmec cultures of the Soconusco region in Mexico and parts of the Pacific coast of western Guatemala, an archaeological culture that developed a number of Mesoamerica's earliest-known sedentary settlements.

The Soconusco region is generally divided by archaeologists into three adjacent zones along the coast—the Lower Río Naranjo region (along the Pacific coast of western Guatemala), Acapetahua, and Mazatán (both on the Pacific coast of modern-day Chiapas, Mexico). These three zones are about 50 km apart along the coast, but they are connected by a natural inland waterway, which could have permitted easy communication in prehistoric times.

The term Mokaya was coined by archaeologists to mean "corn people" in an early form of the Mixe–Zoquean language, which the Mokaya supposedly spoke.

Mazatán, Chiapas
Villa Mazatán (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈβiʝa masaˈtan]) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico. It has an area of 386.6 km2 (149.3 sq mi) and is located in the southwestern portion of the Mexican state.

In 2010, the municipality had a total population of 26,573.

In 2010, the town of Mazatán had a population of 6,838. Other than the town of Mazatán, the municipality had 177 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Buenos Aires (4,260), classified as urban, and Marte R. Gómez (1,263) and Aquiles Serdán (1,135), classified as rural.

A very long archaeological history, going back to 2500 BC, has been documented for this area.
Jost Bürgi
Jost Bürgi (also Joost, Jobst; Latinized surname Burgius or Byrgius; 28 February 1552 – 31 January 1632), active primarily at the courts in Kassel and Prague, was a Swiss clockmaker, mathematician, and writer. Burgi was the brother-in-law and adoptive father of Benjamin Bramer.

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and an intellectual devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed what would be called the Scientific Revolution. Determined to unify Christendom, he initiated the Long Turkish War (1593–1606) with the Ottoman Empire. Exhausted by war, his citizens in Hungary revolted in the Bocskai Uprising, which led to more authority being given to his brother Matthias. Under Rudolf's reign, there was a policy of tolerance towards Judaism.
Preaortic lymph nodes
The preaortic lymph nodes lie in front of the aorta, and may be divided into celiac lymph nodes, superior mesenteric lymph nodes, and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes groups, arranged around the origins of the corresponding arteries.

The celiac lymph nodes are grouped into three sets: the gastric, hepatic and splenic lymph nodes. These groups also form their own subgroups.

The superior mesenteric lymph nodes are grouped into three sets: the mesenteric, ileocolic and mesocolic lymph nodes.

The inferior mesenteric lymph nodes have a subgroup of pararectal lymph nodes.

The preaortic lymph nodes receive a few vessels from the lateral aortic lymph nodes, but their principal afferents are derived from the organs supplied by the three arteries with which they are associated–the celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.

Some of their efferents pass to the retroaortic lymph nodes, but the majority unite to form the intestinal lymph trunk, which enters the cisterna chyli.

Gastric lymph nodes
The gastric lymph nodes are lymph nodes (also known as lymph glands) which drain the stomach and consist of two sets, superior and inferior:

The superior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups: 
Upper, on the stem of the artery;
Lower, accompanying the descending branches of the artery along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum;
Paracardial outlying members of the gastric lymph nodes, disposed in a manner comparable to a chain of beads around the neck of the stomach. They receive their afferents from the stomach; their efferents pass to the celiac group of preaortic lymph nodes.

The inferior gastric lymph nodes (Latin: lymphoglandulæ gastricæ inferiores; right gastroepiploic lymph nodes), four to seven in number, lie between the two layers of the greater omentum along the pyloric half of the greater curvature of the stomach.
Simaxis
Simaxis (Italian pronunciation: [siˈmaːʒis]; Sardinian: Simaghis [siˈmaɣizi] or Simaxis [siˈmaʒizi]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Oristano.

Simaxis borders the following municipalities: Ollastra, Oristano, Siamanna, Siapiccia, Solarussa, Zerfaliu.

Siapiccia
Siapiccia (Sardinian: Siapicìa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) east of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 365 and an area of 17.9 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi).

Siapiccia borders the following municipalities: Allai, Fordongianus, Ollastra, Siamanna and Simaxis.
Basis point
A basis point (often abbreviated as bp, often pronounced as "bip" or "beep") is one hundredth of 1 percentage point. Changes of interest rates are often stated in basis points. For example, if an existing interest rate of 10 percent is increased by 1 basis point, the new interest rate would be 10.01 percent.

The related term permyriad means one part per ten thousand.

Percentage
In mathematics, a percentage, percent, or per cent (from Latin  per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing proportions, but percent is nonetheless a unit of measurement in its orthography and usage.
São Romão (Seia)
São Romão is a former civil parish in the municipality of Seia, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Seia, São Romão e Lapa dos Dinheiros. It has a land area of 17.92 km2 and 6,500 inhabitants.

It was the county seat from the 13th century until 1836. It consisted of one parish and had, in 1801, 1426 inhabitants.

Seia, São Romão e Lapa dos Dinheiros
Seia, São Romão e Lapa dos Dinheiros is a civil parish in the municipality of Seia, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Seia, São Romão and Lapa dos Dinheiros. The population in 2021 was 8,705, in an area of 53.80 km2.
Shelley House (Madison, Connecticut)
The Shelley House is a historic house at 248 Boston Post Road (U.S. Route 1) in Madison, Connecticut.  Probably built in the late 17th century and enlarged in the 18th century, this house's architecture clearly exhibits a typical growth pattern of colonial-era houses from a one-room stone ender to a saltbox house.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.
Pharaoh in Islam
The story of Moses in Islam includes his interaction with the ruler of Egypt, named Pharaoh (Arabic: فرعون, romanized: fir'aun). The earlier story of Joseph in Islam refers to the Egyptian ruler as a king (Arabic: ملك, romanized: malik). The story of Pharaoh is revealed in various passages throughout the Quran. He is first mentioned in Q2:49:

۝Remember when we delivered you from the people of Pharaoh, who grievously oppressed you, they slew your male children, and let your females live: Therein was a great trial from your Lord.

In the Quran, Pharaoh drowned, but God said that he preserved the pharaoh's body as an example for generations to come (or made an example for coming generations). Pharaoh is last mentioned in 89:10.

Al-Qasas
Al-Qasas (Arabic: القصص, al-qaṣaṣ; meaning: The Story) is the 28th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 88 verses (āyāt).

According to Ibn Kathir's commentary, the chapter takes its name from verse 25 in which the word Al-Qasas occurs. Lexically, qasas means to relate events in their proper sequence. Thus, from the viewpoint of the meaning too, this word can be a suitable title for this Surah, for the detailed story of the Prophet Moses has been related in it. It also includes the story of Qarun in verses 76 to 83, explaining how Qarun was proud of himself thinking that his huge wealth was earned by his own science, denying the grace of God on him, and being destroyed by God later with his wealth underground.

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is traditionally believed to be a Meccan surah, from the second Meccan period (615-619 CE).
Ruel, Ontario
Ruel is an unincorporated community in geographic Blewett Township in the Unorganized North Part of Sudbury District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The community is on the Opikinimika River, part of the James Bay drainage basin, just over the height of land between the latter basin and the Great Lakes Basin.

Ruel station is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line and was named for Gerard Ruel, Assistant Solicitor for the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR). It has a passing siding, and is served by Via Rail Canadian trains.

Unorganized North Sudbury District
Unorganized North Sudbury District is an unorganized area in the Canadian province of Ontario, comprising all portions of the Sudbury District which are not organized into incorporated municipalities. Despite its name, there is no longer an accompanying "South Part", as that subdivision has been dissolved in 1999 and incorporated into municipalities, and Statistics Canada has not renamed the North Part.

The subdivision consists of three non-contiguous areas, totalling 35,377.17 square kilometres (13,659.20 sq mi), or about 92% of the district. It had a population of 2,902 in the 2021 Canadian census.
Paschim Medinipur district
Paschim Medinipur  (English: West Medinipur, alternative spelling Midnapore) district is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal, India. It was formed on 1 January 2002 after the partition of Midnapore into Paschim Medinipur and Purba Medinipur. On 4 April 2017, the Jhargram subdivision was upgraded to a district. GDP of West Midnapore district is 12 billion USD.

Jhargram district
Jhargram  is a district in the state of West Bengal, India.The district lies between the Kangsabati River in the north and the Subarnarekha in the south. Jhargram has one of the lowest population densities among the districts of West Bengal, with almost all its population living in rural areas. It is a popular tourist destination known for its sal forests, elephants, ancient temples and royal palaces. The district was formed on 4 April 2017, after bifurcation from the Paschim Medinipur district as the 22nd district of West Bengal. The district has its headquarters at Jhargram.