hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
QS-21
QS-21 is a purified plant extract used as a vaccine adjuvant. It is derived from the soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria), which is native to the countries of Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The crude drug (Quillajae cortex, Quillaia) is imported from Peru and Chile.

The extract contains water-soluble triterpene glycosides, which are members of a family of plant-based compounds called saponins. It has been tested as an adjuvant in various vaccines in attempts to improve their efficacy. It is believed to enhance both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Immunologic adjuvant
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens."

In the early days of vaccine manufacture, significant variations in the efficacy of different batches of the same vaccine were correctly assumed to be caused by contamination of the reaction vessels. However, it was soon found that more scrupulous cleaning actually seemed to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccines, and some contaminants actually enhanced the immune response.

There are many known adjuvants in widespread use, including potassium alum, various plant and animal derived oils and virosomes.
Mascarene coot
The Mascarene coot (Fulica newtonii) is an extinct species of coot that inhabited the Mascarene islands of Mauritius and Réunion. Long known from subfossil bones found in the Mare aux Songes swamp on the former island, but only assumed from descriptions to also have been present on the latter, remains have more recently been found on Réunion also. Early travellers' reports from Mauritius were, in reverse, generally assumed to refer to common moorhens, but it seems that this species only colonized the island after the extinction of the endemic coot.

Coot
Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus Fulica, the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually easy to see, often swimming in open water.
Bay Shore High School
Bay Shore High School is a public high school located in Bay Shore, New York. The school has about 2,000 students in grades 9 to 12. It is a part of Bay Shore Schools and an International Baccalaureate school.

Graduates of Woodhull School (PK-6) of the Fire Island School District can attend Bay Shore secondary schools, including Bay Shore High School.

Bay Shore Schools
Bay Shore Union Free School District or Bay Shore Schools is a school district headquartered in Bay Shore, New York in the Town of Islip of Suffolk County, New York and on the South Shore of Long Island. The district serves the entirety of the hamlet of West Bay Shore and the Village of Brightwaters, and parts of two other hamlets; the vast majority of Bay Shore and a small part of North Bay Shore. Also, graduates of Woodhull School (PK-6) of the Fire Island School District can attend Bay Shore secondary schools.
Hereford House
Hereford House is a heritage-listed historic site located in Hereford Street in the inner western Sydney suburb of Glebe, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1870 to 1879. The property was owned by the NSW College of Nursing until it was sold to a private owner in 2001. The house was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Glebe, New South Wales
Glebe is an inner-western suburb of Sydney in New South Wales. Glebe is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the Sydney central business district in the Inner West region.

Glebe is surrounded by Blackwattle Bay and Rozelle Bay, inlets of Sydney Harbour, in the north. The suburb of Ultimo lies to the east and the suburbs of Annandale and Forest Lodge lie to the west. The southern boundary is formed by Parramatta Road and Broadway. Broadway is a locality sited along the road of the same name, which is located on the border of Glebe, Chippendale and Ultimo.
Anita McCormick Blaine
Anita Eugenie McCormick Blaine (1866-1954) was an American philanthropist and political activist. An heir to the McCormick Reaping Machine Works fortune built by her father, Cyrus McCormick (1809–1884), Blaine funded the launch of Chicago's Francis W. Parker Elementary School, the New World Foundation, the Progressive Party (1948), and the radical New York newspaper, the National Guardian.

Cyrus McCormick
Cyrus Hall McCormick (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. Originally from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of the McCormick family became prominent residents of Chicago.

McCormick always claimed credit as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. He was, however, one of several designing engineers who produced working models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., with the aid of Jo Anderson, an enslaved African-American man held by the family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products.
Trossö
Trossö is an island in Blekinge County, southern Sweden. It is situated within the Karlskrona archipelago. The main road, Osterleden (E22), connects the island to the mainland. The city of Karlskrona is spread over 30 islands, the main one being Trossö where the city center is located. Landmarks on Trossö include the Karlskrona Naval Base and Stortorget, the large town square situated in the centre of the island at its highest point. The two churches in the square, Trinity Church and Fredrik Church, were both designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger, with features such as burnt orange stucco and colonnades made of grey stone. Trossö is included in Karlskrona's distinction as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Stortorget, Karlskrona
Stortorget (Swedish "Great Square") in Karlskrona is the largest square of the city. The square lies centrally on Trossö island. The square lies on the highest point of the island and is bounded by several monumental buildings. The Fredrik Church, the Church of the Holy Trinity, and the town hall are part of the World Heritage Site.

The square encompasses an area of about 200x100 square meters and is quadratic with the exception of its eastern side which has an extension where Kyrkogatan street connects. The full extent of the square cannot be viewed completely since the Fredrik Church lies in near the middle of the square, slightly to the west of the actual center where a statue of Charles XI stands. The visible area of the square is only about 140x100 square meters.

The large size of the square in relation to the surrounding city attests to the significance its planners placed on Karlskrona at its founding as Sweden's principal naval base in 1680.
Macaroni Factory, Novosibirsk
Macaroni Factory of the Sibirsky Mukomol Partnership (Russian: Макаронная фабрика товарищества «Сибирский мукомол») is a building in Zheleznodorozhny City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located at Fabrichnaya Street. The factory was constructed in 1910.

Zheleznodorozhny District, Novosibirsk
Zheleznodorozhny District (Russian: Железнодорожный район) is an administrative district (raion) of Central Okrug, one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 8.3 km2 (2.5 sq mi). Population: 64 972 (2017).
The Most Beautiful Villages in Russia
The Most Beautiful Villages in Russia (Russian: Ассоциация самых красивых деревень и городков России) is an association established in Russia in 2014 to promote rural tourism. It is part of an international network including Les Plus Beaux Villages de France and The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan. It is affiliated to the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World.

Vyatskoye, Yaroslavl Oblast
Vyatskoye (Russian: Вя́тское) is a village (selo) in the Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia. The village, first mentioned in official record in 1502, was renovated in the early 2000s by businessman Oleg Zharov. The village now hosts 10 museums, and has drawn over 80,000 tourists in 2014.

In 2015, Vyatskoye won the first nationwide competition held by The Most Beautiful Villages in Russia, the Russian equivalent of the Les Plus Beaux Villages de France association.
Genzone
Genzone is a frazione of the  comune (municipality) of Corteolona e Genzone in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km east of Pavia. It was a separate comune until 2016.

Corteolona e Genzone
Corteolona e Genzone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy.

It was established on 1 January 2016 by the merger of the municipalities of Corteolona and Genzone.
Old Town Hall, Bakewell
The Old Town Hall, also known as The Buttermarket, is a former municipal building in King Street, Bakewell, a town in Derbyshire, England. The building, which is currently in retail use, is a Grade II listed building.

Bakewell
Bakewell is a market town and civil parish in the Derbyshire Dales district of Derbyshire, England, known for Bakewell pudding. It lies on the River Wye, 15 miles (23 km) south-west of Sheffield. It is the largest settlement and only town within the boundaries of the Peak District National Park. At the 2011 census, the population of the civil parish was 3,949. It was estimated at 3,695 in 2019. The town is close to the tourist attractions of Chatsworth House and Haddon Hall.
Lancaster Caramel Company
The Lancaster Caramel Company was an American candy company based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1886, and was his first successful candy company which helped him build a reputation.

Milton S. Hershey
Milton Snavely Hershey (September 13, 1857 – October 13, 1945) was an American chocolatier, businessman, and philanthropist.

Trained in the confectionery business, Hershey pioneered the manufacture of caramel, using fresh milk. He launched the Lancaster Caramel Company, which achieved bulk exports, and then sold it to start a new company supplying mass-produced milk chocolate, previously a luxury good.

The first Hershey bars were sold in 1900 and proved so popular that he was able to build his own company town of Hershey, Pennsylvania. Hershey's philanthropy extended to a boarding school, originally for local orphans, but accommodating around 2,000 students as of 2016. In World War II, the company developed a special non-melting bar for troops serving overseas. The Hershey Company, known as Hershey's, is one of the world's biggest confectionery manufacturers.
Krishnadas Payahari
Krishnadas Payahari (Sanskrit: कृष्णदास पयहारी, romanized: Kṛṣṇadās Payahārī), also known as Payahari Baba was a Ramanandi Hindu saint and disciple of Anantananda, one of the twelve disciple of Ramananda (the founder of Ramanandi Sampradaya). Krishnadas Payohari was the founder and first Mahant of Gaddi of Galtaji dham, Jaipur (one of the 36 Dwara/Gates of Vaishanavism held by Ramanandis). He came to Galta early in the 16th century. He was the guru of Prithvi Singh, ruler of Amber (Jaipur) and his wife Apurva Devi (Bala Bai). He was also guru of Raja Jagat Singh of Kullu.

Pandori Dham
Thakurdwara Bhagwan Narainji (popularly known as Pandori Dham) is a historical Hindu temple belonging to Ramanandi Sampradaya, located in the village Pandori Mahantan in Gurdaspur district of Punjab in India. It constitutes one of the fifty-two Vaishnav dvaras of Indian subcontinent into which Bairagis have been organized. The shrine was founded by Ramanandi saint Shri Bhagwanji and his disciple Shri Narainji after whom the shrine has been name.The temple is known for its spectacular Baisakhi fair.
Birkenes
Birkenes is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Birkeland, where about half the municipal population lives. Other villages in Birkenes include Ås, Engesland, Flakk, Håbbesland, Herefoss, Mollestad, Oggevatn, Rugsland, Senumstad, Søre Herefoss, Svaland, Tveide, and Væting.

The 637-square-kilometre (246 sq mi) municipality is the 183rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Birkenes is the 175th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,390. The municipality's population density is 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Flakk
Flakk is a village in Birkenes municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located on the western shore of the river Tovdalselva, across the river from the village of Birkeland which is the municipal centre of the municipality. The lake Flakksvann lies just south of the village.
Nakuru Town Constituency
00°17′S 36°04′E﻿ / ﻿0.283°S 36.067°E﻿ / -0.283; 36.067
Nakuru Town Constituency is a former electoral constituency in Kenya. The constituency was established for the 1963 elections. The entire constituency was located within Nakuru municipality. In 2010, the constituency was split into Nakuru Town East Constituency and Nakuru Town West Constituency.

Nakuru Town East Constituency
Nakuru Town East is a constituency in Kenya. It is one of eleven constituencies in Nakuru County. It was created in 2010 after Nakuru Town Constituency was split into Nakuru Town East and Nakuru Town West.
Gidan Waya
Gidan Waya is a small town and Headquarters of Godogodo chiefdom about 18 km from Kafanchan in Jema'a Local Government Area of southern Kaduna state in the Middle Belt region of Nigeria. The town has a post office.

Jema'a
Jema'a (also written Ajemaa and Jama'a) is a Local Government Area in southern Kaduna State, Nigeria with headquarters at Kafanchan. The Local Government Council is chaired by Yunana Barde. It has an area of 1,384 km2 and a population of 278,202 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 801.
Tachikawa Airfield
Tachikawa Airfield (立川飛行場, Tachikawa Hikōjō) (ICAO: RJTC) is an airfield in the city of Tachikawa, in the western part of Tokyo, Japan. Currently under the administration of the Ministry of Defense, it has also served as a civilian airport  with Japan's first scheduled air service.

Douglas C-124 Globemaster II
The Douglas C-124 Globemaster II, nicknamed "Old Shaky", is a retired American heavy-lift cargo aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company in Long Beach, California.

The C-124 was the primary heavy-lift transport for United States Air Force (USAF) Military Air Transport Service (MATS) during the 1950s and early 1960s, until the Lockheed C-141 Starlifter entered service. It served in MATS, later Military Airlift Command (MAC), and units of the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard until retired in 1974.
Witteman-Lewis XNBL-1
The Wittemann-Lewis NBL-1 "Barling Bomber" was an experimental long-range, heavy bomber built for the United States Army Air Service in the early 1920s. Although unsuccessful, it was an early attempt at creating a strategic bomber.

Liberty L-12
The Liberty L-12 is an American water-cooled 45° V-12 engine, displacing 1,649 cubic inches (27 L) and making 400 hp (300 kW), designed for a high power-to-weight ratio and ease of mass production. It was designed principally as an aircraft engine and saw wide use in aero applications. It also saw marine use (both in racing and in runabout boats) once it was marinized; it was used in various military tanks; and in some race cars.

A single bank 6-cylinder version, the Liberty L-6, and V-8, the Liberty L-8, were derived from the Liberty L-12. It was succeeded by the Packard 1A-2500.
Ketone
In organic chemistry, a ketone /ˈkiːtoʊn/ is an organic compound with the structure R−C(=O)−R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group −C(=O)− (a carbon-oxygen double bond C=O). A ketone derived from an alkane is an alkanone. The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R' are methyl), with the formula (CH3)2CO. Many ketones are of great importance in biology and industry. Examples include many sugars (ketoses), many steroids, e.g., testosterone, and the solvent acetone.

Dicarbonyl
In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl (C=O) groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicarbonyls. Their properties often differ from those of monocarbonyls, and so they are usually considered functional groups of their own. These compounds can have symmetrical or unsymmetrical substituents on each carbonyl, and may also be functionally symmetrical (dialdehydes, diketones, diesters, etc.) or unsymmetrical (keto-esters, keto-acids, etc.).
Harry Siddons Mowbray
Henry Siddons Mowbray (August 5, 1858 – 1928) was an American artist. He executed various painting commissions for J.P. Morgan, F.W. Vanderbilt, and other clients. He served as director of the American Academy in Rome from 1902 to 1904.

Léon Bonnat
Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat (French pronunciation: [leɔ̃ ʒozɛf flɔʁɑ̃tɛ̃ bɔna]; 20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur, art collector and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.
Pettigrew, Arkansas
Pettigrew is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Arkansas, United States. Pettigrew is located on Arkansas Highway 16, 6.5 miles (10.5 km) east of St. Paul and three miles southwest of Boston. The community is in the Boston Mountains along the banks of the headwaters of the White River. Pettigrew has a post office with ZIP code 72752.

Madison County, Arkansas
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,521. The county seat is Huntsville. The county was formed on September 30, 1836, and named for Madison County, Alabama, the home of some early settlers. They also named the county seat after Madison County in Alabama's county seat, Huntsville. Madison County is part of the Northwest Arkansas region.
California Dream (tennis)
The California Dream was a WTT team that played at Dream Stadium at Sunrise Mall in Citrus Heights, California, in the United States. The team was founded in 1993, as the Kansas City Explorers. After 20 seasons in Kansas City, the team moved to Irving, Texas, for the 2013 season and was renamed the Texas Wild. On February 23, 2015, WTT announced that a new ownership group had taken control of the Wild and moved the team to California, renaming it the California Dream. In January 2016, the franchise was terminated by WTT due to noncompliance with the league. Prior to folding, the Dream was the oldest continuously operating franchise in WTT.

The franchise won its only King Trophy as WTT champions in 2010, as the Kansas City Explorers.

World TeamTennis
World TeamTennis (WTT) was a mixed-gender professional tennis league played with a team format in the United States, which was founded in 1973.

The league's season normally took place in the summer months. Players from the ATP and WTA would often take a break from their tour schedules to partake in World TeamTennis.

WTT was the first professional sports league to grant equal status to each man and woman competing for their teams.

Many top tennis players have participated in the league over the years, including Billie Jean King, Rod Laver, Björn Borg, Ilie Nastase, Chris Evert, John McEnroe, Evonne Goolagong, Jimmy Connors, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Michael Chang, Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Lindsay Davenport, Kim Clijsters, Martina Hingis, John Isner, Sam Querrey, Sloane Stephens, Naomi Osaka, and Frances Tiafoe.
Sarepta
Sarepta (near modern Sarafand, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre, also known biblically as Zarephath. It became a bishopric, which faded, and remains a double (Latin and Maronite) Catholic titular see.

Most of the objects by which Phoenician culture is characterised are those that have been recovered scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; such carefully excavated colonial sites are in Spain, Sicily, Sardinia and Tunisia. The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, by contrast, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied.

Astarte
Astarte (/əˈstɑːrtiː/; Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη, romanized: Astártē) is the Hellenized form of the Ancient Near Eastern goddess ʿAṯtart. ʿAṯtart was the Northwest Semitic equivalent of the East Semitic goddess Ishtar.

Astarte was worshipped from the Bronze Age through classical antiquity, and her name is particularly associated with her worship in the ancient Levant among the Canaanites and Phoenicians, though she was originally associated with Amorite cities like Ugarit and Emar, as well as Mari and Ebla. She was also celebrated in Egypt, especially during the reign of the Ramessides, following the importation of foreign cults there. Phoenicians introduced her cult in their colonies on the Iberian Peninsula.
Mamiko Takai
Mamiko Takai (高井麻巳子, Takai Mamiko, born December 28, 1966) is a Japanese idol from the eighties, who debuted in 1985 with the J-pop girl band Onyanko Club, and its first sub-group, duo Ushiroyubi Sasaregumi with her co-worker Yukiko Iwai. She quit those two bands in 1987, becoming a solo artist, and released four albums before marrying producer Yasushi Akimoto and subsequently retiring. Her older sister Masayo made her record debut in July 1986 as a part of a 20-member dance group named Dee-Dee (Dee-Dee). She has two other younger sisters.

Yasushi Akimoto
Yasushi Akimoto (Japanese: 秋元 康, Hepburn: Akimoto Yasushi; born May 2, 1958) is a Japanese record producer, lyricist, and television writer, best known for creating and producing some of Japan's top idol groups, Onyanko Club and the AKB48 franchise. Total sales of the singles he has written exceed 100 million copies, making him the best-selling lyricist in Japan.
Le Juif errant (opera)
Le Juif errant (The Wandering Jew) is a grand opera by Fromental Halévy, with a libretto by Eugène Scribe and Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges.

The opera is based extremely loosely on themes of the novel Le Juif errant, by Eugène Sue. Whilst the novel is set in 19th century Paris and the Wandering Jew is incidental to the main story-line, the opera begins in Amsterdam in 1190 and the Jew Ahasuerus (spelled Ashvérus in the opera) is a leading character.

Wandering Jew
The Wandering Jew (occasionally referred to as the Eternal Jew, a translation of the German "der Ewige Jude") is a mythical immortal man whose legend began to spread in Europe in the 13th century. In the original legend, a Jew who taunted Jesus on the way to the Crucifixion was then cursed to walk the Earth until the Second Coming. The exact nature of the wanderer's indiscretion varies in different versions of the tale, as do aspects of his character; sometimes he is said to be a shoemaker or other tradesman, while sometimes he is the doorman at the estate of Pontius Pilate.