hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gold bar
A gold bar is a common form for bulk storage and transport of gold bullion. Larger varieties of gold bars, produced by casting molten metal into molds, are called ingots. Smaller bars are often created through minting or stamping from rolled gold sheets. Central banks typically hold in their gold reserves the standard 400-troy-ounce (438.9-ounce; 27.4-pound; 12.4-kilogram) Good Delivery gold bar, which is widely traded among bullion dealers. Additionally, the kilobar, weighing 1,000 grams (32.15 troy ounces), and the 100-troy-ounce (109.7-ounce; 6.9-pound; 3.1-kilogram) gold bar are popular for trading and investment because of their more manageable size and weight. These bars carry a minimal premium over the spot price of gold, facilitating small transfers between banks and traders. While most kilobars have a flat appearance, a preference for brick-shaped bars exists among some investors, particularly in Europe.

Kinebar
A kinebar is a gold bar that has a diffractive optically variable image device (similar to a security hologram) embossed into the surface of the gold. The device used is a "Kinegram" made by OVD Kinegram AG (Switzerland).
Canon EF 50mm lens
The EF 50mm lenses are a group of normal prime lenses made by Canon that share the same focal length.  These lenses are based on the classic double-Gauss lens, with the f/1.8 being a standard six-element double-Gauss with an air gap and powers between element 2 and 3 and its faster cousins adding additional elements. The 50mm focal length, when used with a 35mm film or full-frame sensor, has been widely considered to match the perspective seen by the human eye.

Canon 50mm lenses have an EF type mount that fits the Canon EOS line of cameras.  When pairing a 50mm lens to a Canon DSLR with an APS-C sized sensor, the crop factor effectively turns the 50mm focal length into an 80mm field of view.

Seven EF 50mm lenses have been sold by Canon:

f/1.0L USM (discontinued, replaced by f/1.2L USM)

f/1.2L USM

f/1.4 USM

f/1.8 (discontinued, replaced by f/1.8 II)

f/1.8 II (discontinued, replaced by f/1.8 STM)

f/1.8 STM

f/2.5 Compact Macro

Canon EF lens mount
The EF lens mount is the standard lens mount on the Canon EOS family of SLR film and digital cameras. EF stands for "Electro-Focus": automatic focusing on EF lenses is handled by a dedicated electric motor built into the lens. Mechanically, it is a bayonet-style mount, and all communication between camera and lens takes place through electrical contacts; there are no mechanical levers or plungers. The mount was first introduced in 1987, with its last new lens design produced on Sep 5th, 2018.

Canon claims to have produced its 100-millionth EF-series interchangeable lens on April 22, 2014.
Grey-hooded fulvetta
The grey-hooded fulvetta (Fulvetta cinereiceps) is a bird species in the family Paradoxornithidae. Like the other typical fulvettas, it was long included in the Timaliidae genus Alcippe or in the Sylviidae.

Formerly, F. cinereiceps was known as Manipur fulvetta, the birds properly referred to with this name have been split off and are now usually treated as a distinct species, F. manipurensis. Another former subspecies of F. cinereiceps that is nowadays usually considered distinct is the Taiwan fulvetta (F. formosana).

Its natural habitat is temperate forest. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

Fulvetta
Fulvetta is a genus of passerine birds. Originally proposed in 1877, it was recently reestablished for the typical fulvettas, which were long included with their presumed relatives in the Timaliidae (Old World babbler) genus Alcippe. But they are actually quite closely related to the parrotbills, and are thus now placed in the family Paradoxornithidae.
Oldies
Oldies is a term for musical genres such as pop music, rock and roll, doo-wop, surf music from the second half of the 20th century, specifically from around the mid-1950s to the late 1960s, as well as for a radio format playing this music.

Since 2000, 1970s music has been increasingly included in this genre. "Classic hits" have been seen as a successor to the oldies format on the radio, with music from the 1980s serving as the core example.

KSPF
KSPF (98.7 FM, "98.7 The Spot") is a commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. KSPF is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a classic hits radio format.

KSPF's studios and offices are located off North Central Expressway at North Fitzhugh Avenue in Dallas. The transmitter site is in Cedar Hill off West Belt Line Road, amid the towers for other Dallas-area FM and TV stations. KSPF broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format; a simulcast of sister station KRLD is heard on the station's HD2 sub-channel.
Yan Mountains
The Yan Mountains, also known by their Chinese name Yanshan, are a major mountain range to the north of the North China Plain, principally in the province of Hebei.

The range rises between the Chaobai River on the west and the Shanhai Pass on the east. It consists mostly of limestone, granite, and basalt. Its altitude ranges from 400 to 1000 meters. The main peak, Mount Wuling, is 2,116 meters (6,942 ft) above sea level and is located in Xinglong County in Hebei. The range contains many narrow passes, such as the Gubei Pass, the Xifeng Pass, and the Leng Pass. The eastern stretch of the Great Wall of China, including Badaling in northern Beijing, can be found in the Yan Mountains. The mountains are also an important traffic gateway between the north and south.

Mount Wuling
Mount Wuling (Chinese: 雾灵山; pinyin: Wùlíng Shān) is a mountain located at the border of Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei Province and Miyun District, Beijing. It is the main peak of Yan Mountains, with a height of 2118 m above sea level.

The mount raised during the Yanshanian movement period; Yanshanian syenites are usually found in the main part of it. The soil developed from granite residual soil. Its average temperature is 7.9 °C.
FDA Carstens Memorial
FDA Carstens Memorial is a heritage-listed memorial at Macrossan Street, Port Douglas, Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1907 to 1908 by Melrose & Fenwick (Townsville). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 September 2003.

Port Douglas
Port Douglas (Kuku-Yalanji: Jabulkanji) is a coastal town and locality in the Shire of Douglas, Queensland, Australia, approximately 60 km (37 mi) north of Cairns.

In the 2021 census, the locality of Port Douglas had a population of 3,650 people.

The town is named in honour of a former Premier of Queensland, John Douglas. Port Douglas developed quickly based on the mining industry. Other parts of the area were established with timber cutting in the area surrounding the Daintree River and with settlement starting on lots around the Mossman River by 1880.

Previous names for the town included Jabulkanji (in Kuku-Yalandji language), Terrigal, Island Point, Port Owen and Salisbury. The town is situated adjacent to two World Heritage areas, the Great Barrier Reef and the Daintree Rainforest.

Port Douglas was No. 3 on Australian Traveller magazine's list of 100 Best Towns in Australia.
Salisbury Post
The Salisbury Post is an American, English-language daily newspaper, founded in 1905, in Salisbury, North Carolina that serves the city and other municipalities in Rowan County, as well as the county itself. The publisher of the Post is John Carr and its editor is Chandler Inions. The paper was known as the Salisbury Evening Post (1905–1984).

Salisbury, North Carolina
Salisbury (/ˈsɔːlzbɛri/ SAWLZ-ber-ee) is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, United States; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when its territory extended to the Mississippi River. Located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area, the town has attracted a growing population. The 2020 census shows 35,580 residents.

Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina. It is noted for its historic preservation, with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts.

Soft drink producer Cheerwine and regional supermarket Food Lion are located in Salisbury and Rack Room Shoes was founded there.
Kandyan Wars
The Kandyan Wars (or the Kandian Wars) refers generally to the period of warfare between the British colonial forces and the Kingdom of Kandy, on the island of what is now Sri Lanka, between 1796 and 1818. More specifically it is used to describe the expeditionary campaigns of the British Army in the Kingdom of Kandy in 1803 and 1815.

Kandy
Kandy (Sinhala: මහනුවර, romanised: Mahanuwara [mahanuʋərə] ⓘ; Tamil: கண்டி, romanised: Kaṇṭi [ˈkaɳɖi] ⓘ) is a major city located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It was the last capital of the Sinhalese monarchy from 1469 to 1818, under the Kingdom of Kandy. The city is situated in the midst of hills in the Kandy plateau. Kandy is the administrative  capital of the Central Province, and considered as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, due to its architectural heritage. Kandy is the home of the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), one of the most important places of the Buddhist world. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. Historically the local Buddhist rulers resisted Portuguese, Dutch, and British colonial expansion and occupation.
Growth rate (group theory)
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the growth rate of a group with respect to a symmetric generating set describes how fast a group grows.  Every element in the group can be written as a product of generators, and the growth rate counts the number of elements that can be written as a product of length n.

Word metric
In group theory, a word metric on a discrete group  is a way to measure distance between any two elements of . As the name suggests, the word metric is a metric on , assigning to any two elements ,  of  a distance  that measures how efficiently their difference  can be expressed as a word whose letters come from a generating set for the group. The word metric on G is very closely related to the Cayley graph of G: the word metric measures the length of the shortest path in the Cayley graph between two elements of G.

A generating set for  must first be chosen before a word metric on  is specified. Different choices of a generating set will typically yield different word metrics. While this seems at first to be a weakness in the concept of the word metric, it can be exploited to prove theorems about geometric properties of groups, as is done in geometric group theory.
Buena Vista (brand)
Buena Vista (Spanish for "good view") is a brand name that has historically been used for divisions, subsidiaries, and assets of The Walt Disney Company, whose primary studios, the Walt Disney Studios, are located on South Buena Vista Street in Burbank, California. The studio lot is also home to the company's corporate headquarters, the Team Disney Burbank building. The logos for the various Buena Vista brands featured the "Buena Vista" wordmark superimposed over the traditional Disney castle logo to signal the affiliation between Buena Vista and Disney.

Buena Vista Street (Burbank, California)
Buena Vista Street (from Spanish for 'Good View') is a major street in Burbank, California. It runs north–south from its north end at Scott Road to its south end at Riverside Drive and the 134 freeway. The street has interchanges with both the 134 freeway and Interstate 5.

Walt Disney Studios have long been located on Buena Vista Street. As such, the street gives its name to a company brand, a town and lake at Walt Disney World Resort, and a land at Disney's California Adventure.

The intersection of Buena Vista and Vanowen Streets has been prone to collisions and accidents due to speeding. A steel railing was installed in 2016.
John Tourtellotte Building
The John Tourtellotte Building in Boise, Idaho, is a 1-story, reinforced concrete commercial space designed by Tourtellotte and Hummel and constructed in 1928. Plans for the building were drawn at the firm's Portland office with some participation from local Tourtellotte & Hummel architects. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and its nomination form describes the structure as representing "the classicizing impulse of the 1920s in interaction with new structural systems and the functional aesthetic which accompanied them." The Tourtellotte Building is veneered with cast panels placed to resemble stone blocks, and the upper facade includes a "continuous frieze of swags and discs."

At the time of construction of the John Tourtellotte Building, John Tourtellotte had been living and working in Portland, but the Boise office, managed by partner Frederick Hummel, continued to be a major influence in local architectural development.

Hummel Architects
Hummel Architects PLLC is an American architectural firm based in Boise, Idaho. Its history extends back to 1890, when architect and contractor John E. Tourtellotte (1869-1939), of Massachusetts established himself in Boise. The firm is best remembered for the work it completed from 1910 to 1942 under the partnership / firm  name of Tourtellotte & Hummel, joining with Charles Hummel, including the Idaho State Capitol in Boise, (designed 1904-1913, constructed 1905-1920). From 1922 until 2002 it was led by three successive generations of the Hummel family.
Garwood, New Jersey
Garwood is a borough in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,454, an increase of 228 (+5.4%) from the 2010 census count of 4,226, which in turn reflected an increase of 73 (+1.8%) from the 4,153 counted in the 2000 census.

Westfield, New Jersey
Westfield is a town in Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located 16 miles (26 km) southwest of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 31,032, an increase of 716 (+2.4%) from the 2010 census count of 30,316, which in turn reflected an increase of 672 (+2.3%) from the 29,644 counted in the 2000 census.

In March 2018, Bloomberg ranked Westfield as the 99th highest-income place in the United States, and the 18th highest-income location in New Jersey. According to a 2014 nationwide survey, Westfield was ranked as the 30th-safest city to live in the United States.

The town has been one of the state's highest-income communities. Based on data from the American Community Survey for 2013–2017, Westfield residents had a median household income of $159,923, ranked 8th in the state among municipalities with more than 10,000 residents, more than double the statewide median of $76,475.
Congregation Agudas Achim (Bexley, Ohio)
Agudas Achim is a Conservative synagogue located in Bexley, Ohio, in the United States. It was established in Columbus in 1881, and by 1897 was no longer the only Orthodox synagogue in the city. Presently, Agudas shares Broad Street with three other synagogues - Ahavat Shalom, Temple Israel, and Tifereth Israel.

Bexley, Ohio
Bexley is a city in Franklin County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,928 at the 2020 census. The city is a suburban enclave of Columbus, situated on the banks of Alum Creek east of Columbus's Near East Side. It was founded in 1908 as a merger between the Bullitt Park neighborhood and Pleasant Ridge community, which met at the National Road (Main Street) which bisects the city.

Capital University and Trinity Lutheran Seminary are based in Bexley. The city is home to large estates, including the Ohio Governor's Mansion, the Jeffrey Park Mansion (a.k.a. "Kelveden"), and the home of the president of Ohio State University.
Mersa Gawasis
Mersa Gawasis (Ancient Egyptian Saww) is a small Egyptian harbour on the Red Sea and a former Egyptian port city. The harbour lies at the mouth of Wadi Gawasis, 2 km south of the mouth of Wadi Gasus. 25 km north is the city of Safaga and 50 km south al-Qusair.
mersa gawasis coordinates
The place was apparently used as a port in the reigns of Senusret I to Amenemhat IV of the 12th Dynasty, and served as a loading point for expeditions to Punt. The harbour was also a starting point for journeys to the mines of Sinai.

Kathryn A. Bard
Kathryn A. Bard is an American archaeologist, academic and author. She is a retired Professor Emerita of Archaeology & Classical Studies from Boston University.

Bard is most known for her work on the origins of complex societies and early states in Northeast Africa, the Red Sea trading network during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as well as the late prehistory of Egypt and northern Ethiopia/Eritrea. Among her authored works are her publications in academic journals, including Journal of Archaeological Research, as well as books such as An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Moreover, she is the recipient of 1998 Chairman's Award for Exploration from National Geographic Society.
United States Post Office (Delmar, New York)
The U.S. Post Office in Delmar, New York is located on Delaware Avenue (NY 443) in the middle of the hamlet. It serves the 12054 ZIP Code, covering Delmar and its surrounding area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. To date it is the only current post office in Albany County on the Register.

It is a small brick building constructed in 1939, near the end of the Great Depression. Louis A. Simon, the Treasury Department's supervising architect at that time, designed 13 total post offices for New York in the Colonial Revival style similar to Delmar's. But that one was the only one from whose design he omitted a cupola. The lobby is decorated with a mural auspices, showing a scene of the Indian Ladder at nearby John Boyd Thacher State Park.

Delmar, New York
Delmar is a hamlet in the Town of Bethlehem, in Albany County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of the neighboring city of Albany. The community is bisected by NY Route 443 (Delaware Avenue), a major thoroughfare, main street, and route to Albany.

In 1980, the U.S. Census Bureau began treating Delmar as a census-designated place (CDP). The population of Delmar was 8,292 at the 2000 census. Delmar was not included as a CDP in the 2010 census.

In 2005, CNN/Money Magazine named the Delmar ZIP Code (an area larger than the Delmar CDP) as one of the "Best Places to Live" in America, rating it the 22nd best place to live among what it called "Great American Towns."
Electronics Technology and Devices Laboratory
The Electronics Technology and Devices Laboratory (ETDL) was a research facility under the U.S. Army Materiel Command that specialized in developing and integrating critical electronic technologies, from high frequency devices to tactical power sources, into Army systems. Located at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey, ETDL served as the U.S. Army’s central laboratory for electronics research from 1971 to 1992. In 1992, ETDL was disestablished, and the majority of its operations and personnel were incorporated into the newly created U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

Harry Diamond Laboratories
The Harry Diamond Laboratories (HDL) was a research facility under the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and later the U.S. Army. It conducted research and development in electronic components and devices and was at one point the largest electronics research and development laboratory in the U.S. Army. HDL also acted as the Army's lead laboratory in nuclear survivability studies and operated the Aurora Pulsed Radiation Simulator, the world's largest full-threat gamma radiation simulator. In 1992, HDL was disestablished, and its mission, personnel, and facilities were incorporated into the newly created U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL). As part of this transition, the Army designated the HDL building as the site of ARL's new headquarters.

The installation was named in honor of pioneer radio engineer and inventor Harry Diamond, who led the Ordnance Development Division during World War II. Diamond contributed greatly to the fundamental concept and design of proximity fuzes.
Iris subg. Hermodactyloides
The subgenus Hermodactyloides of Iris includes all reticulate-bulbed bulbous irises. It was formerly named as a genus, Iridodictyum by Rodionenko in 1961. but it was not widely accepted and most botanists preferred 'Hermodactyloides'.

Édouard Spach named the genus in 1846.  The word 'Hermodactyloides' comes from 'Hermes' , a Greek God, and 'daktylos' - finger. The name for the subgenus is very similar to Hermodactylus (the former name for Iris tuberosa), which was originally a separate genus to irises, but in 2001 was re-classified to be within the Hermodactyloides sub-genus.

Most species are native to central Europe and central Asia. They mostly have one or two long leaves and flower in early spring.

Iris tuberosa
Iris tuberosa (formerly Hermodactylus tuberosus) is a species of tuberous flowering plant of the genus Iris, with the common names snake's-head, snake's-head iris, widow iris, black iris, or velvet flower-de-luce.
Ouénou, Nikki
Ouénou is a town and arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Nikki. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 10,166.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Uses of English verb forms
Modern standard English has various verb forms, including:

Finite verb forms such as go, goes and went

Nonfinite forms such as (to) go, going and gone

Combinations of such forms with auxiliary verbs, such as was going and would have gone

They can be used to express tense (time reference), aspect, mood, modality and voice, in various configurations.

For details of how inflected forms of verbs are produced in English, see English verbs. For the grammatical structure of clauses, including word order, see English clause syntax. For non-standard or archaic forms, see individual dialect articles and thou.

English modal auxiliary verbs
The English modal auxiliary verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality, properties such as possibility and obligation. They can most easily be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participles or plain forms) and by their lack of the ending ‑(e)s for the third-person singular.

The central English modal auxiliary verbs are can (with could), may (with might), shall (with should), will (with would), and must. A few other verbs are usually also classed as modals: ought, and (in certain uses) dare, and need. Use (/jus/, rhyming with "goose") is included as well. Other expressions, notably had better, share some of their characteristics.
Fabrica di Roma
Fabrica di Roma is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-east of Viterbo.

Fabrica di Roma borders the following municipalities: Carbognano, Castel Sant'Elia, Civita Castellana, Corchiano, Nepi, Vallerano, Vignanello.

Vignanello
Vignanello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Rome and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Viterbo.

Vignanello borders the following municipalities: Corchiano, Fabrica di Roma, Gallese, Soriano nel Cimino, Vallerano, Vasanello.