hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ivan Galamian
Ivan Alexander Galamian (Armenian: Իվան Ղալամեան; February 5 [O.S. January 23] 1903 – April 14, 1981) was an Armenian-American violin teacher of the twentieth century who was the violin teacher of many seminal violin players including Itzhak Perlman and Kyung Wha Chung.

Itzhak Perlman
Itzhak Perlman (Hebrew: יצחק פרלמן; born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist. He has performed worldwide and throughout the United States, in venues that have included a state dinner for Elizabeth II at the White House in 2007, and at the 2009 inauguration of Barack Obama. He has conducted the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Westchester Philharmonic. In 2015, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Perlman has won 16 Grammy Awards, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and four Emmy Awards.
Namhsan Township
Namhsan Township (Burmese: နမ့်ဆန်မြို့နယ်) is a township of the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone in the Shan State of eastern Myanmar (Burma). The principal town and administrative seat is Namhsan.

Prior to August 2010, Kyaukme District included Namhsan Township and Mantong Township; and both of them were transferred that month to the newly created Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone.

To prevent confusion with Nansang Township in southern Shan State, it is sometimes disambiguated as Nan San (North) Township.

Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone
The Palaung Self-Administered Zone (Burmese: ပလောင် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ ဒေသ [pəlàʊɰ̃ kòbàɪɰ̃ ʔoʊʔtɕʰoʊʔ kʰwɪ̰ɰ̃ja̰ dèθa̰]) is a self-administered zone consisting of two townships in Shan State: Its capital is the town of Namhsan.
Jákup Andreasen
Jákup Biskopstø Andreasen (born 31 May 1998) is a Faroese footballer who plays as a midfielder for KÍ and the Faroe Islands national team. He is the nephew of Faroese international footballers Ragna Patawary and Rannvá Andreasen, and the older brother of fellow KÍ player Dávid.

Rannvá Andreasen
Rannvá Biskopstø Andreasen (born 10 November 1980) is a Faroese football forward for KÍ Klaksvík of the Faroese 1. deild kvinnur. From 2004 to 2020, she represented the Faroe Islands women's national football team at senior international level. She is the national team's second highest goalscorer, inclusive of both male and female players.
Hiroshi Tsuburaya
Hiroshi Tsuburaya (円谷 浩, Tsuburaya Hiroshi; March 8, 1964 – July 24, 2001) was a Japanese actor. The grandchild of Eiji Tsuburaya, who was also the first creator of the Ultraman Series, and the third son of Hajime Tsuburaya who became the second creator of the Ultraman Series after Eiji Tsuburaya's death on January 25, 1970. He was born in Setagaya, Tokyo. He became known to tokusatsu series audiences for playing the leading role in Uchuu Keiji Shaider (Space Sheriff Shaider) as Dai Sawamura/Shaider.

Space Sheriff Shaider
Space Sheriff Shaider (宇宙刑事シャイダー, Uchū Keiji Shaidā) is a Japanese tokusatsu television show that aired from March 2, 1984, to March 8, 1985. It is the last of the "Space Sheriff Series" of the broader Metal Hero Series franchise, it is a sequel the previous two being Space Sheriff Gavan and Space Sheriff Sharivan.

Action footage from Shaider was used for Season 2 of VR Troopers. For distribution purposes, Toei refers to this television series as Space Captain Sheider.
Qaryat al-Faw
Qaryat Al Faw (Arabic: قرية الفاو), also known as Qaryat Dhat Kahil, was once the capital of the Kingdom of Kinda, now an archaeological site. It is located about 100 km south of Wadi ad-Dawasir, and about 700 km southwest of Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. The archeological site reveals various features such as residential houses, markets, roads, cemeteries, temples, and water wells.

The tutelary deity of Qaryat al-Faw is thought to have been Kahl. The pantheon of the city also included other deities, such as Shams.

Other names for the site include Qaryat al-Hamraa (Red City) and Dhat al-Jnan (City of Gardens) by the inhabitants in its period of prosperity.

In July 2024, Qaryat Al-Faw was officially designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kahl (god)
Kahl is a god of pre-Islamic Arabia. He was the chief god (tutelary deity) of the city of Qaryat al-Faw, the capital of the Kingdom of Kinda, beginning in the 2nd century BC. Kahl is attested regularly, but the evidence is more sparse with respect to how Kahl was understood. Based on recent evidence, it has been posited that Kahl was an Arabian version of the smiting or menacing god that is known in the regions of the Eastern Mediterranean and West Asia. Kahl may have evolved into the god Rahmanan in the trend towards the evolution of pre-Islamic monotheism.
Hemoglobinopathy
Hemoglobinopathy is the medical term for a group of inherited blood disorders involving the hemoglobin, the major protein of red blood cells. They are generally single-gene disorders and, in most cases, they are inherited as autosomal recessive traits.

There are two main groups: abnormal structural hemoglobin variants caused by mutations in the hemoglobin genes, and the thalassemias, which are caused by an underproduction of otherwise normal hemoglobin molecules. The main structural hemoglobin variants are HbS, HbE and HbC. The main types of thalassemia are alpha-thalassemia and beta thalassemia.

Hemoglobin H disease
Hemoglobin H disease, also called α-thalassemia intermedia, is a disease affecting hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying molecule within red blood cells. It is a form of α-thalassemia which most commonly occurs due to deletion of 3 out of 4 of the α-globin genes.
Alston line
The Alston Line was a 13-mile (21 km) single-track branch line, which linked Haltwhistle in Northumberland with Alston in Cumbria.

The line was constructed in the early 1850s by the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, opening in stages. Construction of the line was completed in November 1852, following the opening of Lambley Viaduct.

Since the line's closure, a 5-mile (8 km) section of the line has since reopened in stages between Slaggyford and Alston, with heritage services operated by the South Tynedale Railway.

Coanwood railway station
Coanwood was a railway station on the Alston Branch Line, which ran between Haltwhistle and Alston. The station, situated 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Haltwhistle, served the village of Coanwood in Northumberland.

Opened by the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway on 19 July 1851, the station was originally known as Shaft Hill or Shafthill. It was later renamed Coanwood on 1 March 1885 by the North Eastern Railway.
William P. Albrecht
William Price Albrecht Jr. (January 7, 1935 – October 30, 2024) was an American economist who served as a commissioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission from 1988 to 1993, including as acting chairman in 1993.

United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission
The United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government. Created in 1974, the commission regulates the United States derivatives markets, which includes futures, swaps, and certain kinds of options.

The Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), 7 U.S.C. § 1 et seq., prohibits fraudulent conduct in the trading of futures, swaps, and other derivatives.  The stated mission of the CFTC is to promote the integrity, resilience, and vibrancy of the U.S. derivatives markets through sound regulation. After the 2008 financial crisis and since 2010 with the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the CFTC has been transitioning to bring more transparency and sound regulation to the multitrillion-dollar swaps market.
Ferenc Esterházy (1533–1604)
Ferenc Esterházy de Galántha (English: Francis Esterházy of Galántha; 1533–1604) was a Hungarian noble, who served as Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County since 1579. He was the ancestor of the wealthy and prestigious House of Esterházy.

Pál Esterházy (1587–1645)
Baron Pál Esterházy de Galántha (1 February 1587 – 17 January 1645) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; vicecomes) of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. He was the founder of the Zólyom branch of the House of Esterházy. His brother was, among others, Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary.
Battle of Fleurus (1690)
The Battle of Fleurus, fought on 1 July 1690 near Fleurus, then part of the Spanish Netherlands, now in modern Belgium, was a major engagement of the Nine Years' War. A French army led by Marshall Luxembourg defeated an Allied force under Waldeck.

Luxembourg's victory had limited strategic impact, since Louis XIV of France ordered him to end his campaign in the Spanish Netherlands, and instead reinforce the Dauphin on the Rhine. This gave the Allies time to withdraw to Brussels, and rebuild their army.

Fleurus
Fleurus (French pronunciation: [flœ.ʁys] ⓘ; Walloon: Fleuru) is a city and municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It has been the site of four major battles.

The municipality consists of the following districts: Brye, Heppignies, Fleurus, Lambusart, Saint-Amand, Wagnelée, Wanfercée-Baulet (wa: Wanfercêye-Bålet), and Wangenies.
Georgia State Route 293
State Route 293 (SR 293) is a 29.7-mile-long (47.8 km) southeast-to-northwest state highway that travels from Emerson, in Bartow County, to Rome, in Floyd County, in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. SR 293 travels along the western alignment of the historic Dixie Highway, from its southern terminus to its intersection with SR 293 Connector. The original southern terminus was with US 41 in Kennesaw, passing through Kennesaw and Acworth. This length of the roadway was originally part of US 41.

Emerson, Georgia
Emerson is a city in far southern Bartow County, Georgia, United States, on highways US-41/GA-3, GA-293, and I-75 (via exits 283 and 285). As of the 2020 census, Emerson had a population of 1,415.

Emerson is a gateway to Red Top Mountain State Park, a Georgia state park, which is surrounded by Lake Allatoona.
Italy Davis Cup team
The Italy men's national tennis team represents Italy in Davis Cup tennis competition and is governed by the Italian Tennis Federation.

Italy is the reigning champion, claiming the Davis Cup in 2025. It is a four-time champion overall, also winning in 1976, 2023, and 2024. It finished runner-up six times (1960, 1961, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1998).

The most awarded player (by titles won when part of the team) is Simone Bolelli, with three victories. Matteo Berrettini, Lorenzo Musetti, Jannik Sinner, Lorenzo Sonego and Andrea Vavassori won the Davis Cup twice. The most awarded captain is Filippo Volandri, with three victories.

For the past three years, Italy has won the title, becoming the first country to win the event three consecutive times since the United States in 1972. In 2024 and 2025, Italy was also champion in the Billie Jean King Cup, making it the only country to win both events in consecutive years.

Filippo Volandri
Filippo Volandri (Italian pronunciation: [fiˈlippo voˈlandri]; born 5 September 1981) is an Italian tennis coach and former professional player.
Volandri reached a career-high singles ranking of world no. 25 in July 2007.
He turned professional in 1997 and earned almost $4 million in prize money, winning 2 ATP titles (out of 9 finals in total). His biggest victory was defeating Roger Federer, world number 1, at 2007 Italian Open – Men's singles. Retired in 2017, the following year he became coach and since 2021 he has been the captain of the Italian team, which he led to the win of three consecutive Davis Cups in 2023, 2024 and 2025, establishing a new international record.
Tsang Shu-ki
Tsang Shu-ki (Chinese: 曾澍基; 15 April 1950 – 16 August 2014) was a Hong Kong economist and social activist. He was the founding member of the Meeting Point, a political organisation in the 1980s and was the influential thinker among the student and social activists during the time.

Meeting Point
Meeting Point (Chinese: 匯點) was a liberal and moderate Chinese nationalist political organisation and party in Hong Kong formed by a group of former student activists in the 1970s and intellectuals for the discussion for the Sino-British negotiation on the question of Hong Kong prospect in 1983. It was one of the earliest groups in Hong Kong that favoured Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong but wanted a free, democratic and autonomous Hong Kong.

It emerged as one of the leading pro-democracy groups in the 1980s and was one of the two predecessors of today's Democratic Party, into which it was merged in 1994.
Rewa F.C.
Rewa Football Club is a Fijian semi-professional football club based in Nausori, playing in the National Football League. Rewa's home ground is Foodcity Ratu Cakobau Park

Rewa is a successful club in Fiji. The club has won many tournaments throughout their history, having won their first ever Fiji Premier League title in 2022.

Nausori
Nausori (Fijian pronunciation: [nɔu̯sori] ⓘ) is a town in Fiji. It had a population of 57,866 at the 2017 census. This makes it the fourth most populous municipality in the country. Situated 19 kilometers from the Fijian capital Suva, it forms one pole of the burgeoning Suva-Nausori corridor. Nausori is home to three provinces Rewa, Tailevu and Naitasiri.

The 425-metre (1,394 ft) Rewa Bridge across the Rewa River, built by Fletcher Construction and opened in 2006, links Nausori to the capital, Suva.
Civilization: Call to Power
Civilization: Call to Power is a turn-based strategy game developed by Activision for Microsoft Windows as an attempt to capitalize on the success of the Civilization computer games by Sid Meier. It was ported to Linux by Loki Software, as well as BeOS by Wildcard Design, becoming one of the very few commercial games for that operating system.

A sequel, Call to Power II, was released 18 months after the original. The sequel could not have "Civilization" in its title because Activision did not have a license for the "Civilization" name for a second game.

Call to Power II
Call to Power II is a PC turn-based strategy game released by Activision as a sequel to Civilization: Call to Power, which itself was named after the Civilization series by Sid Meier; this game could not have "Civilization" in its title because the license to the Civilization name was lost.

In October 2003, Activision released the source code, enabling the Apolyton gaming community to debug, improve, and add new features. After being unavailable for a long time, the game was re-released in the digital distribution on GOG.com in 2010.
Anne Ellegood
Anne Ellegood (born 1966 or 1967) is an American curator and museum director who is the executive director of the Institute of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.

Ellegood joined the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles as a curator in 2009, and embarked on projects including the museum's "Made in L.A." biennials in 2012 and 2018 (both collaborations) and a controversial retrospective on Jimmie Durham in 2017. She assumed her current position in 2019.

Jimmie Durham
Jimmie Bob Durham (July 10, 1940 – November 17, 2021) was an American sculptor, essayist and poet. He was active in the United States in the civil rights movements of African Americans and Native Americans in the 1960s and 1970s, serving on the central council of the American Indian Movement (AIM). He returned to working at art while living in New York City. His work has been extensively exhibited. Durham also received the Günther-Peill-Preis (2003), the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Robert Rauschenberg Award (2017), and the 58th Venice Biennale's Golden Lion for lifetime achievement (2019).

He long claimed to be Cherokee but that claim has been denied by tribal representatives: "Durham is neither enrolled nor eligible for citizenship in any of the three federally-recognized and historical Cherokee Tribes: the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians of Oklahoma, and the Cherokee Nation."  He had "no known ties to any Cherokee community".
Jarrell Miller
Jarrell Miller (born July 15, 1988) is an American professional boxer and former kickboxer. In boxing, at regional level, he held the NABA and NABO heavyweight titles from 2016 to 2017. He holds notable wins over former world champions Tomasz Adamek and Lucas Browne. In kickboxing, he competed in the WCL, K-1 and Glory.

Dillian Whyte
Dillian Whyte (/ˈdɪlɪən/; born 11 April 1988) is a Jamaican-British professional boxer who has formerly competed as a kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He held the World Boxing Council (WBC) interim heavyweight title twice between 2019 and 2022. At regional level, he has held multiple heavyweight championships, including the British title from 2016 to 2017; and challenged twice for the Commonwealth title, in 2015 and 2025.

Whyte is also a former kickboxing champion, having held the BIKMA British super-heavyweight title and the European K1 title, and has competed professionally in mixed martial arts.
George R. Knight
George Raymond Knight (born 1941) is a leading Seventh-day Adventist historian, author, and educator. He is emeritus professor of church history at Andrews University. As of 2014 he is considered to be the best-selling and influential voice for the past three decades within the denomination.

History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church had its roots in the Millerite movement of the 1830s to the 1840s, during the period of the Second Great Awakening, and was officially founded in 1863. Prominent figures in the early church included Hiram Edson, Ellen G. White, her husband James Springer White, Joseph Bates, and J. N. Andrews. Over the ensuing decades the church expanded from its original base in New England to become an international organization. Significant developments such the reviews initiated by evangelicals Donald Barnhouse and Walter Martin, in the 20th century led to its recognition as a Christian denomination.
The Human Demands
The Human Demands is the fifth studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Amy Macdonald, and was released on 30 October 2020. Produced by Jim Abbiss, the album spawned the singles "The Hudson", "Crazy Shade of Blue", "Fire" and "Statues". To promote the album, she embarked on The Human Demands Tour, with dates across Europe. Originally scheduled to begin in 2020, the tour was rescheduled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; it began on 21 October 2021 in Reading, England.

A commercial success, it debuted at number two in her native Scotland and in Switzerland, and within the top ten of the albums charts in Austria, Germany and the United Kingdom. In 2021, she represented Scotland at the Free European Song Contest 2021 in Germany with the albums fourth single, "Statues".

The Hudson (song)
"The Hudson" is a song by Scottish singer-songwriter Amy Macdonald. The song was released as a digital download on 27 August 2020 as the lead single from her fifth studio album The Human Demands. The song was written by Amy Macdonald, Matt Jones and produced by Jim Abbiss. It is her first top 20 hit in Scotland since 2012's "Slow It Down".
Giovanni Bontade
Giovanni Bontade (1946 in Palermo – September 28, 1988 in Palermo) was a member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was commonly called Bontade but the actual surname is Bontate. He was the brother of Mafia boss Stefano Bontade, who ruled the Santa Maria di Gesù Mafia Family in Palermo and second son of Francesco Paolo Bontade.

Stefano Bontade
Stefano Bontade (23 April 1939 – 23 April 1981), born Stefano Bontate, was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. He was the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Family in Palermo. He was also known as the Principe di Villagrazia (Prince of Villagrazia) − the area of Palermo he controlled − and Il Falco (the Falcon). He had links with several powerful politicians in Sicily and prime minister Giulio Andreotti. In 1981, he was killed by the rival faction within Cosa Nostra, the Corleonesi. His death sparked a brutal Mafia War that left several hundred mafiosi dead.
John Kaye (politician)
John Kaye (23 October 1955 – 2 May 2016) was an Australian politician. He was a Greens member New South Wales Legislative Council, first elected at the 2007 state election. He was also the party's candidate for the 2004 federal election for the Senate. He criticised electricity industry privatisation and was a strong advocate for renewable energy and energy efficiency. He advocated for free public education, public schools, and Colleges of Technical and Further Education (TAFE).

2004 Australian federal election
A federal election was held in Australia on 9 October 2004. All 150 seats in the House of Representatives and 40 seats in the 76-member Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia John Howard and coalition partner the National Party of Australia led by John Anderson defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Mark Latham.

Both leaders were from the same city area, something which would not occur again until the 2022 election. Future Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull entered Parliament in this election as the MP for Wentworth.
Syndecan 1
Syndecan 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SDC1 gene.  The protein is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The syndecan-1 protein functions as an integral membrane protein and participates in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell-matrix interactions via its receptor for extracellular matrix proteins. Syndecan-1 is a sponge for growth factors and chemokines, with binding largely via heparan sulfate chains. The syndecans mediate cell binding, cell signaling, and cytoskeletal organization and syndecan receptors are required for internalization of the  HIV-1 tat protein.

Altered syndecan-1 expression has been detected in several different tumor types. Syndecan 1 can be a marker for plasma cells.

Plasma cell
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented with specific substances called antigens. These antibodies are transported from the plasma cells by the blood plasma and the lymphatic system to the site of the target antigen (foreign substance), where they initiate its neutralization or destruction. B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibody molecules closely modeled after the receptors of the precursor B cell.
W. M. Hodgkins
William Mathew Hodgkins  (23 September 1833 – 9 February 1898) was a 19th-century New Zealand painter.

He was a leading advocate of art in Dunedin and founded New Zealand's first art gallery in the city. He was a considerable water colour painter in his own right. According to his daughter Frances Hodgkins, he was the 'father of art in New Zealand.' He encouraged both his daughters in their art practices and Frances went on to become regarded as Britain's most distinguished woman artist at the time of her death and is still New Zealand's best regarded expatriate painter.

Frances Hodgkins
Frances Mary Hodgkins (28 April 1869 – 13 May 1947) was a New Zealand painter chiefly of landscape, and for a short period was a designer of textiles. Born in Dunedin, she was educated at Dunedin School of Art, then became an art teacher, earning money to study in England.

A modernist artist, Hodgkins' artworks were known for abstracted, simplified forms and a strong emphasis on colour values and relationships. Hodgkins was considered to be a key figure in British Modernism, also considered one of New Zealand's most prestigious and influential painters. However, it is the work from Hodgkins' life in Europe, rather than her home country, on which her reputation rests.