hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leibniz operator
In abstract algebraic logic, a branch of mathematical logic, the Leibniz operator is a tool used to classify deductive systems, which have a precise technical definition and capture a large number of logics. The Leibniz operator was introduced by Wim Blok and Don Pigozzi, two of the founders of the field, as a means to abstract the well-known Lindenbaum–Tarski process, that leads to the association of Boolean algebras to classical propositional calculus, and make it applicable to as wide a variety of sentential logics as possible. It is an operator that assigns to a given theory of a given sentential logic, perceived as a term algebra with a consequence operation on its universe, the largest congruence on the algebra that is compatible with the theory.

Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra
In mathematical logic, the Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra (or Lindenbaum algebra) of a logical theory T consists of the equivalence classes of sentences of the theory (i.e., the quotient) under the equivalence relation ~ defined such that p ~ q exactly when p and q are provably equivalent in T. That is, two sentences are equivalent if the theory T proves that each implies the other. The Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra is thus the quotient algebra obtained by factoring the algebra of formulas by this congruence relation.

The algebra is named for logicians Adolf Lindenbaum and Alfred Tarski. Starting in the academic year 1926–1927, Lindenbaum pioneered his method in Jan Łukasiewicz's mathematical logic seminar, and the method was popularized and generalized in subsequent decades through work by Tarski.

The Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra is considered the origin of the modern algebraic logic.
Royal Sydney Golf Club
Royal Sydney Golf Club is a golf club in Rose Bay, New South Wales, Australia, a suburb of Sydney.

Founded in 1893, Royal Sydney is one of Australia's premier sporting and social clubs. It features an 18-hole Championship Course, a 9-hole Centenary Course, two golf practice areas, a golf teaching studio, 18 tennis courts, two bowling greens, two croquet lawns, a squash court, a Fitness Centre as well as an elegant Clubhouse.

It has hosted the Australian Open on 15 occasions between 1906 and 2016.

Rose Bay, New South Wales
Rose Bay is a harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rose Bay is located seven kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of Municipality of Woollahra (on its western side towards the bay) and Waverley Council (east of Old South Head Road).
South African company law
South African company law is that body of rules which regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act. A company is a business organisation which earns income by the production or sale of goods or services. This entry also covers rules by which partnerships and trusts are governed in South Africa, together with (albeit in less detail) cooperatives and sole proprietorships.

Cohen v Segal
Cohen, NO v Segal is an important case in South African law. It was heard in the Witwatersrand Local Division by Boshoff J on March 17, 1970, with judgment handed down on April 28. The case is significant for its finding that a dividend cannot be declared which has the effect of diverting a portion of the corpus of the company to the shareholders. A dividend may therefore, generally speaking, only be declared out of profits, and a resolution which declares a dividend to be paid out of the capital of the company is ultra vires the company.
Mujahid ibn Jabr
Abū l-Ḥajjāj Mujāhid ibn Jabr al-Qāriʾ (Arabic: مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ جَبْرٍ) (642–722 CE) was a Tabi' and one of the major early Islamic scholars.

According to some sources, Mujahid wrote a tafsīr of the Qur'an (exegesis/commentary), although it is likely that a written work from his time never existed. The text that is called Tafsir Mujahid today was first compiled by Ādam ibn Abī Iyās (d. 836–837 CE), and Adam transmits traditions to Mujahid through the intermediary chain of transmission Warqāʾ — Ibn Abī Najīḥ. Adam's collection also does not survive, but rather, Ibn Shādhān's (d. after 1033 CE) recension of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's recension of Ibrāhīm's recension of Adam’s collection is what survives. Up to seven other versions of traditions attributed to Mujahid survive, some of which vary substantially with the Tafsir Mujahid.

Tabi'un
The tābiʿūn  (Arabic: اَلتَّابِعُونَ, also accusative or genitive tābiʿīn اَلتَّابِعِينَ, singular tābiʿ تَابِعٌ), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the companions (ṣaḥāba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and thus received their teachings secondhand. A tābiʿ knew at least one ṣaḥābī. As such, they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and knowledge, and in the political development of the early caliphate.

The next generation of Muslims after the tabiʿūn are called the tābiʿ at-tābiʿīn تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ. The first three generations of Muhammad's followers make up the salaf سَلَفُ of Islam.
Steak knife
A steak knife is a sharp table knife designed to efficiently and effectively cut steak. This type of knife comes in a variety of styles and sizes; however, the design often used in a steakhouse typically features a partially serrated blade and wood handle.

Table knife
A table knife is an item of cutlery with a single cutting edge, and usually a blunt end – part of a table setting. Table knives are typically of moderate sharpness only, designed to cut prepared and cooked food.
Public housing estates in Sheung Shui
The following is a list of public housing estates in Sheung Shui Town, Hong Kong, including Home Ownership Scheme (HOS), Private Sector Participation Scheme (PSPS), Sandwich Class Housing Scheme (SCHS), Flat-for-Sale Scheme (FFSS), and Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) estates.

Sheung Shui
Sheung Shui (Chinese: 上水; Jyutping: soeng6 seoi2, literally "Above-water") is an area in New Territories, Hong Kong. Sheung Shui Town, a part of this area, is part of Fanling–Sheung Shui New Town in North District of Hong Kong. Fanling Town is to its southeast.
Clarke v. Wisconsin Elections Commission
Clarke v. Wisconsin Elections Commission was a December 2023 decision of the Wisconsin Supreme Court which struck down the state Senate and Assembly district maps of the Wisconsin Legislature.  The decision held that the Constitution of Wisconsin—in sections 4 and 5 of Article IV—requires "legislative districts [to] be composed of physically adjoining territory." In a 4–3 opinion written by justice Jill Karofsky, the Court ordered new maps to be drawn ahead of the 2024 Wisconsin elections.

The remedial process completed on February 19, 2024, when Governor Tony Evers signed a new map proposal passed by the legislature.  While partisan gerrymandering was not an issue the court chose to address in the lawsuit, the decision and remedy had the effect of eliminating one of the most successful partisan gerrymanders in U.S. history and replacing it with a map in which either party had a legitimate shot at legislative majorities.

Wisconsin Supreme Court
The Wisconsin Supreme Court is the highest and final court of appeals in the state judicial system of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. In addition to hearing appeals of lower Wisconsin court decisions, the Wisconsin Supreme Court also has the option to take original jurisdiction of cases, and serves as a regulator and administrator of judicial conduct and the practice of law in Wisconsin.

Justices on the Wisconsin Supreme Court are elected. The two most recent elections (2023 and 2025) received national attention. They both broke records for the most expensive judicial elections in U.S. history.
Edward Partin
Edward Grady Partin Sr. (February 27, 1924 – March 11, 1990), was an American business agent for the Teamsters Union, and is best known for his 1964 testimony against Jimmy Hoffa, which helped Robert F. Kennedy convict Hoffa of jury tampering in 1964.

Blood Feud (1983 film)
Blood Feud is a 1983 American two-part, four-hour made-for-television crime drama film centering on the conflict between Jimmy Hoffa and Robert F. Kennedy in an 11-year span from 1957 until Kennedy's assassination in 1968.  The 210-minute film was directed by Mike Newell and written by Robert Boris. It stars Robert Blake as Hoffa and Cotter Smith as Kennedy with Danny Aiello and Brian Dennehy in supporting roles as union associates of Hoffa's.

The television film was distributed by Operation Prime Time, a syndicated block of television programming offered to mostly American independent stations.

Blake was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe for Best Actor for his performance as Hoffa.
R
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ar (pronounced /ˈɑːr/ ⓘ), plural ars.

The letter ⟨r⟩ is the eighth most common letter in English and the fourth-most common consonant, after ⟨t⟩, ⟨n⟩, and ⟨s⟩.

Rho
Rho (/ˈroʊ/ ⓘ; uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ϱ; Greek: ρο or ρω) is the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 100. It is derived from the Phoenician letter resh . Its uppercase form uses the same glyph, Ρ, as the distinct Latin letter P; the two letters have different Unicode encodings.
Toggenburger
The Toggenburger  or Toggenburg is a Swiss breed of dairy goat. Its name derives from that of the Toggenburg region of the Canton of St. Gallen, where it is thought to have originated. It is among the most productive breeds of dairy goat and is distributed world-wide, in about fifty countries in all five inhabited continents.

Swiss Marked
Goats expressing the Swiss Marked pattern have a black (eumelanin pigment) body and belly and tan (phaeomelanin pigment) legs, ears, and facial stripes. The allele which codes for this pattern is located at the agouti locus of the goat genome. There are multiple modifier genes which control how much tan pigment is actually expressed and so the tan areas can range from pure white to deep red.  There may also be present dilution genes which turn the black areas in the pattern to either chocolate or medium brown.

A Toggenburg goat with Swiss Markings.  Note that these Toggenburgs have modifier genes which turn the black-pigmented areas to medium brown and the tan areas to white.
Newcastle fishing disaster
54°11′53″N 5°53′05″W﻿ / ﻿54.197929°N 5.884612°W﻿ / 54.197929; -5.884612
The Newcastle fishing disaster occurred in Dundrum Bay, off the coast of Newcastle, County Down, on 13 January 1843. Fishing boats from Newcastle and Annalong were caught in gale force winds. Fourteen boats sank, killing 73 men.

Newcastle, County Down
Newcastle is a small seaside resort town in County Down, Northern Ireland, which had a population of 8,298 at the 2021 Census. It lies by the Irish Sea at the foot of Slieve Donard, the highest of the Mourne Mountains. Newcastle is known for its sandy beach, forests (Donard Forest and Tollymore Forest Park), and mountains. The town lies within the Newry, Mourne and Down District.

The town aims to promote itself as the "activity resort" for Northern Ireland.  It has benefited from a multi-million pound upgrade to the promenade and main street.  The town is twinned with New Ross, County Wexford, in the Republic of Ireland.
University of Florida Campus Historic District
The University of Florida Campus Historic District is a historic district on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. The district, bounded by West University Avenue, Southwest 13th Street, Stadium Road and Gale Lemerand Drive, encompasses approximately 650 acres (2.6 km2) and contains 11 listed buildings plus contributing properties. On April 20, 1989, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. On June 24, 2008, additional information was approved which resulted in the addition of 6 contributing properties (5 buildings plus the Plaza of the Americas to the district.)

William Augustus Edwards
William Augustus Edwards (December 8, 1866 – March 30, 1939) was an American architect. Based first in Columbia, South Carolina, and second in Atlanta, he was renowned for the educational buildings, courthouses and other public and private buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and his native South Carolina in the early 20th century. As Architect to the Florida Board of Control he designed his best known works, the Collegiate Gothic campuses of the University of Florida and Florida State University. Edwards' firm, founded by him in 1902, survived under his successors' leadership until 1971.
Republic of Gniew
The Republic of Gniew (Polish: Republika Gniewska) was a state established on 7 July 1919 in the town of Gniew in the aftermath of World War I. The city-state had a functioning legislature and executive, alongside a volunteer paramilitary force.

Gniew
Gniew ([ɡɲɛf]; German: Mewe) is a historic town situated on the left bank of the Vistula River, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It has 6,870 inhabitants (2016).

It is one of the oldest towns in Eastern Pomerania, and is renowned for its medieval Brick Gothic Castle, which has become one of the region's most recognizable monuments. The town also has other medieval Gothic monuments, and in early modern times it was a centre for the wine trade and the seat of local starosts, most notably John III Sobieski, who was elected King of Poland. Gniew is located in the ethnocultural region of Kociewie in the historic region of Pomerania.
Rivers of Lake County, California
Rivers and creeks in Lake County, California are listed below by river basin and alphabetically. 
Unless otherwise stated, the information is taken from the Geographic Names Information System maintained by the United States Geological Survey. 
Coordinates, elevations and lengths from this source are approximate.

Kelsey Creek (Lake County)
Kelsey Creek is a watercourse in Lake County, California, United States, that feeds  Clear Lake from the south.
Originally forest-covered, the watershed has been converted in the lower parts to farmland and for urban use. Higher up, the forests have been cleared, regrown, and cleared again.
The northern part of the creek flows through a geothermal field that feeds power plants and hot springs.
The wooded Cobb area in the higher part of the watershed was once home to resorts as early as the 1850s.
Richmond, Portland, Oregon
Richmond is a neighborhood in the Southeast section of Portland, Oregon.  It borders Sunnyside on the north, Mt. Tabor and South Tabor on the east, Creston-Kenilworth on the south, and Hosford-Abernethy on the west.

The northern edge of the neighborhood is part of the Hawthorne District.

Neighborhood parks include Sewallcrest Park (1940) and Ivon Community Garden (1978).

Richmond is named after Richmond Kelly, son of an early immigrant from Kentucky who held one of the donation land claims in the area, Rev. Clinton Kelly.

The Richmond neighborhood is home to Richmond Elementary School, the first of three which comprise the Japanese Magnet Program of Portland Public Schools. JMP students continue on to Mt. Tabor Middle School and then to Grant High School in the Grant Park neighborhood.

Hawthorne, Portland, Oregon
The Hawthorne District in Portland, Oregon, is an area of Southeast Portland on SE Hawthorne Blvd. that runs from 12th to 60th Avenues, with the primary core of businesses between 30th and 50th Avenues. The area has numerous retail stores, including clothing shops, restaurants, bars, brewpubs, and microbreweries.
Akasaka-juku (Nakasendō)
Akasaka-juku (赤坂宿, Akasaka-juku) was the fifty-sixth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now Akasaka neighborhood of the city of Ōgaki,  Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

69 Stations of the Nakasendō
The 69 Stations of the Nakasendō (中山道六十九次, Nakasendō Rokujūkyū-tsugi) are the rest areas along the Nakasendō, which ran from Nihonbashi in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) to Sanjō Ōhashi in Kyoto. The route stretched approximately 534 km (332 mi) and was an alternate trade route to the Tōkaidō.
Kiyotsu Gorge
Kiyotsu Gorge (清津峡, Kiyotsu-kyō) is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty and Natural Monument  on the border between Yuzawa and Tōkamachi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kiyotsu-kyō is a canyon located on the Kiyotsu River with a total length is 12.5 kilometers within the Jōshin'etsu-kōgen National Park. The canyon is regarded as one of the three major canyons in Japan, along with the Kurobe Gorge and the Osugidani Gorge. A hot spring resort, the Kiyotsukyō Onsen, is located at the entry to the gorge and attracts a large number of visitors especially during autumn foliage season. There is a pedestrian tunnel with a total length of 750 meters along the wall of the gorge for sightseers. Formerly, there was a climbing path along the side of the river, but it was closed after a rockfall in 1988.

Tōkamachi
Tōkamachi (十日町市, Tōkamachi-shi) is a city located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2019, the city had an estimated population of 28,728 in 19,823 households, and a population density of 86.3 persons per km². The total area of the city was 590.39 square kilometres (227.95 sq mi), although some borders of the city are not well defined. Tōkamachi derives its name from the fact that a market was held  every tenth day of the month. Similarly, the nearby former town of Muikamachi had its own local market held on days ending in six each month.
Braslaw district
Braslaw district or Braslaŭ district (Belarusian: Браслаўскі раён; Russian: Браславский район) is a district (raion) of Vitebsk region in Belarus. Its administrative centre is Braslaw.

The district is known for its numerous lakes. The national park and popular tourist region Braslaw Lakes is situated here. The four largest lakes here are Dryvyaty (the fifth largest in Belarus), Snudy (the ninth largest in Belarus), Strusta (the sixteenth largest in Belarus) and Rychy (the seventeenth largest in Belarus).

Lake Rychy
Lake Rychy  (Belarusian: Ры́чы), Richi (Russian: Ричи), or Richu (Latvian: Riču ezers) is a freshwater lake shared by the Braslaw District of Vitebsk Region, Belarus, and Augšdaugava Municipality, Latvia.

The lake is the second-deepest in Belarus and fourth-deepest in Latvia.
Riker Hill Art Park
Riker Hill Art Park is a former Nike Missile base which has become an artistic community in Livingston, Essex County, New Jersey.   Together with the Walter Kidde Dinosaur Park and Becker Park, it is a part of the Riker Hill Complex.  The Art Park provides studio space for working artists in various medias including painting, ceramics, glass blowing, woodworking, and sculpture.  It also has a collection of outdoor sculpture.

Riker Hill Fossil Site
Riker Hill Fossil Site (also referred to as Walter Kidde Dinosaur Park) is a 16-acre (6.5 ha) paleontological site in Roseland in Essex County, New Jersey, United States, located at the south western side of the borough at the border between Roseland and Livingston. It is one of the major sites in United States where a large number of dinosaur tracks are preserved. It was declared a National Natural Landmark in June 1971.
Zeuxippe
In Greek mythology, Zeuxippe (/zuːɡˈzɪpiː/; Ancient Greek: Ζευξίππη, romanized: Zeuxíppē) was the name of several women. The name means "she who yokes horses," from zeugos, "yoke of beasts" / "pair of horses," and hippos, "horse."

Zeuxippe, a naiad nymph of Athens and the mother of Erechtheus, Butes, Procne, Philomela and possibly Teuthras by King Pandion I. She was the sister of Praxithea.

Zeuxippe, the Athenian naiad-daughter of the river god Eridanos. She was the mother of Butes by Teleon.

Zeuxippe, a Sicyonian princess as the daughter of King Lamedon (son of Coronus) and Pheno. She was the wife of Sicyon and the mother of Chthonophyle.

Zeuxippe, daughter of Hippocoon and the mother of Oicles and Amphalces with Antiphates.

Zeuxippe, daughter of Athamas and possibly the mother of Ptous by Apollo.

Zeuxippe, a Trojan queen as the possible wife of King Laomedon and the mother of his children.

Chthonophyle
In Greek mythology, Chthonophyle (Ancient Greek: Χθονοφύλη) was the daughter of King Sicyon (whose name was given to the city of Sicyon) and Zeuxippe. She and Hermes are the parents of Polybus, another king of Sicyon. She married Phlias, son of Dionysus and Araethyrea, and had by him another son, Androdamas. Other sources instead give her, and not Araethyrea, as the mother of Phlias with Dionysus.
Acanthopteroctetes tripunctata
Acanthopteroctetes tripunctata is a moth of the family Acanthopteroctetidae. It was described by Annette Frances Braun in 1921. It is found in the US state of Montana.

The wingspan is about 11 mm for males. The forewings are fuscous with a slight coppery luster and with three large, pale yellowish spots. The hindwings are slightly paler and the scales are narrower than those on the forewings. Adults are on wing in July, probably in one generation per year.

Acanthopteroctetidae
Acanthopteroctetidae is a small family of moths with two described genera, Acanthopteroctetes and Catapterix, a total of seven described species, and two undescribed species. They are known as the archaic sun moths.

The Acanthopteroctetidae have been classified as the sole family in the superfamily Acanthopteroctetoidea and the infraorder Acanthoctesia; however, based on molecular phylogenetic evidence, they may instead be classified in the superfamily Neopseustoidea, together with the Neopseustidae and Aenigmatineidae.: 675, 681
Calendula stellata
Calendula stellata (also known as Sicilian marigold) is a species of annual flowering plant in the marigold genus Calendula, family Asteraceae. It is native to northwestern Africa, Malta, and Sicily. Flowering period is between January and April. Flowers are typically orange or yellow.

The Royal Horticultural Society considers it to be "highly attractive" and suitable for gardens in a Mediterranean climate.

Calendula
Calendula (/kəˈlɛndjuːlə/) is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds.: 771  They are native to Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia, West Asia and Western Himalayas and have their center of diversity in the Mediterranean Region. Other plants known as marigolds include corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus Tagetes.

The genus name Calendula is a modern Latin diminutive of calendae, meaning "little calendar", "little clock" or possibly "little weather-glass". The common name "marigold", a contraction of "Mary's gold" used especially for Calendula officinalis, refers to the Virgin Mary. C. officinalis is the most commonly cultivated and used species, popular herbal and cosmetic products named "Calendula" invariably derive from it.
Northeast Ohio Conference
The Northeast Ohio Conference (NOC) was a high school athletics conference recognized by the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA), in Northeast Ohio.  Eighteen member schools — each located within the Northeast District of the OHSAA (Class AAA, Divisions I and II) — competed in three six-member divisions: Valley, River and Lake.  Dan Gerome served as the last NOC commissioner.
Anthony J. Paletta designed the conference logo in 2006.

Nordonia High School
Nordonia High School is a public high school in Macedonia, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Nordonia Hills City School District. Their mascot is a knight. There are approximately 1,300+ students currently  enrolled in the high school. The colors of the school are green, black, and white. Formerly of the Northeast Ohio Conference (NOC), Nordonia athletic teams now compete in the Suburban League.