hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thermal ionization
Thermal ionization, also known as surface ionization or contact ionization, is a physical process whereby the atoms are desorbed from a hot surface, and in the process are ionized.

Thermal ionization is used to make simple ion sources, for mass spectrometry and for generating ion beams. Thermal ionization has seen extensive use in determining atomic weights, in addition to being used in many geological/nuclear applications.

Ionization
Ionization or ionisation is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules, electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
Visions of Eight
Visions of Eight is a 1973 American documentary film offering a stylized look at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Produced by Stan Margulies and executive produced by David L. Wolper, it was directed by eight directors. It was screened out-of-competition at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. It was later shown as part of the Cannes Classics section of the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Some visuals of the Munich stadium from the documentary were used in Without Limits.

David L. Wolper
David Lloyd Wolper (January 11, 1928 – August 10, 2010) was an American television and film producer, responsible for shows such as Roots, The Thorn Birds, and North and South, and the theatrically-released films Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971) and L.A. Confidential (1997). He was awarded the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award at the 57th Academy Awards in 1985 for his work producing the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, as well as helping to bring the games there. His 1971 film (as executive producer) about the study of insects, The Hellstrom Chronicle, won an Academy Award.
Big Bill Broonzy
Big Bill Broonzy (born Lee Conley Bradley; June 26, 1893 or 1903 – August 14, 1958), later known as William Lee Broonzy, was an American blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His career began in the 1920s, when he played country music to mostly African-American audiences. In the 1930s and 1940s, he navigated a change in style to a more urban blues sound popular with working-class black audiences. In the 1950s, a return to his traditional folk-blues roots made him one of the leading figures of the emerging American folk music revival and an international star. His long and varied career marks him as one of the key figures in the development of blues music in the 20th century.

Broonzy copyrighted more than 300 songs, including adaptations of traditional folk songs and original blues songs. As a blues composer, he was unique in writing songs that reflected his rural-to-urban experiences.

WFMT
WFMT (98.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station in Chicago, Illinois, with a classical music radio format. It is part of Window to the World Communications, Inc, in the same company as Chicago's PBS member station WTTW. WFMT seeks donations on the air and on its website. The station's studios and offices, co-located and shared with WTTW, are at the Renée Crown Public Media Center on North Saint Louis Avenue in the North Park neighborhood of Chicago.

WFMT has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts, and transmits from atop the Willis Tower in Downtown Chicago. It broadcasts using HD Radio technology.
Zarih
A zarih (Persian: ضَرِیح, Urdu: ضَرِیح, Hindi: ज़रीह) or ḍarīḥ (Arabic: ضَرِيح) is a lattice structure which usually encloses a grave in a mosque or an Islamic shrine. In some cases, it can also surround a religious relic on display.

A zarih is built by skilled craftsmen. It can be made out of metals such as silver, or it can be made of wood. The structures can be the size of a small room.

Notable zarih can be found in the Imam Husayn Shrine, the mosque of Imam Ali, and the Shrine of Abdul Qadir al-Jilani.

Imam Husayn Shrine
The Imam al Husayn Shrine (Arabic: مَقَام الإِمَامُ الْحُسَيْن اِبِنْ عَلي, romanized: Maqām al-ʾImām al-Ḥusayn ʾibn ʿAlī) is the mausoleum of Husayn ibn Ali and Shi'ite mosque, located in the holy city of Karbala, in the Karbala Governorate of Iraq. Husayn was a grandson of Muhammad, and the site is near the place where he embraced martyrdom during the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. The tomb of Husayn is one of the holiest sites in Shia Islam, outside of Mecca and Medina, and many make pilgrimages to the site. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the city to observe Ashura, which marks the commemoration of Husayn's death for all Muslims.
Novoiavorivsk
Novoiavorivsk (Ukrainian: Новояворівськ, IPA: [nowoˈjɑwor⁽ʲ⁾iu̯sʲk] ⓘ; Polish: Nowojaworowsk), alternatively transliterated Novoyavorivsk, is a city in the Yavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast of Ukraine. Novoiavorivsk hosts the administration of Novoiavorivsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is 31,366 (2022 estimate).

The name of the town translates to "New Yavoriv".

HC Levy
Hockey club Halytski Levy (since 2017), known before 2017 as Hockey club Levy (Ukrainian: ХК Леви, English: Lions HC) is a Ukrainian Professional Hockey League club based in Novoiavorivsk, Lviv Oblast. They are a founding member of the Professional Hockey League of Ukraine.
Holy Name Cathedral, Brisbane
The Holy Name Cathedral was a planned but never-built Roman Catholic cathedral for the city of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Designed by Hennessy, Hennessy & Co, initially in an English Baroque style inspired by St Paul's in London, it was intended to have been the largest church building of any Christian denomination in the Southern Hemisphere. James Duhig, the Archbishop of Brisbane, was the chief proponent of the project.

First designed in 1925, building began in 1927 and in the 1930s services were held in the crypt chapel on the site, the only part to be built. No further construction took place, and with Duhig's death in 1965 the project lost its impetus, but was not formally abandoned until the 1970s. The Archdiocese sold the site to property developers in 1985, the crypt was demolished and an apartment complex was built on the site. The perimeter wall along Ann Street and part of Gotha Street are all that remain, and were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992.

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane
The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Brisbane is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Australia centred in Brisbane and covering the south east region of Queensland, Australia.

Part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Brisbane, the region covered was initially administered by the Archdiocese of Sydney. In 1859 the Diocese of Brisbane was erected, and elevated as an archdiocese in 1887. The archdiocese is the metropolitan of the suffragan dioceses of Cairns, Rockhampton, Toowoomba and Townsville.

The Cathedral of St Stephen is the seat of the Archbishop of Brisbane. On 12 May 2012, Mark Coleridge was installed as the sixth Archbishop of Brisbane, the seventh Bishop of Brisbane. On 11 September 2025, Shane Mackinlay was installed as the seventh Archbishop of Brisbane, the eighth Bishop of Brisbane.

Mary MacKillop is the patroness saint of the Archdiocese of Brisbane.
Southern Liech State
Southern Liech State was a state in South Sudan that existed between 2 October 2015 and 22 February 2020. It was located in the Greater Upper Nile region and it bordered Northern Liech to the north, Western Bieh to the east, Jonglei to the southeast, Eastern Lakes to the south, Western Lakes to the southwest, and Tonj to the west.

Greater Upper Nile
The Greater Upper Nile (Arabic: منطقة أعالي النيل, romanized: A'Ali An Nil) is a region of northeastern South Sudan. It is named for the White Nile (it is its lowest portion in South Sudan), a tributary of the Nile River in North and East Africa.
Inspector General report on the Crossfire Hurricane investigation
Review of Four FISA Applications and Other Aspects of the FBI's Crossfire Hurricane Investigation is a report by the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General which was released on December 9, 2019, by Inspector General Michael E. Horowitz. The report reviewed the Crossfire Hurricane investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which looked into whether people associated with the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign coordinated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

Several issues examined by the report were: the origins of the Crossfire Hurricane investigation, the FBI's usage of reports from Christopher Steele, the FBI's applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to surveil former Trump campaign adviser Carter Page, and the FBI's use of confidential human sources as part of the investigation, among other issues.

Michael E. Horowitz
Michael Evan Horowitz (born September 19, 1962) is an American attorney and government official. He is the Inspector General for the Federal Reserve Board and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. He previously served as Inspector General of the United States Department of Justice from 2012 to 2025.
Drinking fountain
A drinking fountain, also called a water fountain or bubbler, is a fountain designed to provide drinking water. It consists of a basin with either continuously running water or a tap. The drinker bends down to the stream of water and swallows water directly from the stream. Modern indoor drinking fountains may incorporate filters to remove impurities from the water and chillers to lower its temperature. Drinking fountains are usually found in public places, like schools, rest areas, libraries, and grocery stores.

Drinking fountains are an important source of clean water in urban infrastructure. Many jurisdictions require drinking fountains to be wheelchair accessible (by sticking out horizontally from the wall), and to include an additional unit of a lower height for children and short adults. The design that this replaced often had one spout atop a refrigeration unit.

Dhunge dhara
A dhunge dhara (Nepali: ढुङ्गे धारा Listenⓘ lit. 'stone faucet') or hiti (Newar: 𑐴𑐶𑐟𑐶‎) is a traditional stone drinking fountain found in Nepal. It is an intricately carved stone waterway through which water flows uninterrupted from underground sources. Dhunge dharas are part of a comprehensive drinking water supply system, commissioned by various rulers of Ancient and Medieval Nepal. The system is supported by numerous ponds and canals that form an elaborate network of water bodies, created as a water resource during the dry season and to help alleviate the water pressure caused by the monsoon rains. After the introduction of modern, piped water systems, starting in the late 19th century, this old system has fallen into disrepair and some parts of it are lost forever. Nevertheless, many people of Nepal still rely on the old dhunge dharas on a daily basis.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Duluth
The Diocese of Duluth (Latin: Dioecesis Duluthensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northeastern Minnesota in the United States. The mother church is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary in Duluth.

Dennis Marion Schnurr
Dennis Marion Schnurr (born June 21, 1948) is an American Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Cincinnati in Ohio from 2009 to 2025. He served as Bishop of Duluth in Minnesota from 2001 to 2009.
Davidson & Associates
Davidson & Associates, Inc. was an American developer of educational software based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1982 by husband-and-wife Bob and Jan Davidson, the latter of whom led the company as president until January 1997. Specializing in the production of edutainment software, the company was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 and served as the base for CUC's CUC Software division, being made responsible for the sales and distribution of the combined company.

Davidson owned several studios, including Funnybone Interactive, Learningways, Capitol Multimedia, and Blizzard Entertainment. Other subsidiaries included  First Byte, Maverick Software, Fas-Track and Educational Resources as well as Gryphon Software.

Davidson & Associates was known chiefly for their Blaster series of educational games, including Math Blaster as well as their licensed games based on the products of Fisher-Price.

Blizzard North
Blizzard North (formerly known as Condor) was an American video game development studio based in San Mateo, California. The studio was the Bay Area division of Blizzard Entertainment, and it was known for the Diablo series. The company was originally based in Redwood City, California, always serving as the northern counterpart to Blizzard Entertainment's main development studio in Irvine, California. In 2005, Blizzard North was closed to reallocate its staff to the development of World of Warcraft.
Zaghawa people
The Zaghawa people, also called Beri or Zakhawa, are an ethnic group primarily residing in northeastern Chad and western Sudan, including Darfur.

Zaghawas speak the Zaghawa language, which is an eastern Saharan language. They are pastoralists, and a breed of sheep that they herd is called Zaghawa by the Arabs. They are nomadic and obtain much of their livelihood through herding cattle, camels and sheep and harvesting wild grains. It has been estimated that there are 384,150 people who belong to the Zaghawa ethnicity.

Zaghawa language
Zaghawa (Zaghawa: 𖺡𖺾𖻌𖻂𖺻) is a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Zaghawa people of east-central Chad (in the Sahel) and northwestern Sudan (Darfur). The people who speak this language call it Beria, from Beri, the endonym of the Zaghawa people, and a, Zaghawa for "mouth". It has been estimated that there are about 447,400 native speakers of the Zaghawa language, who primarily live in Chad and the Darfur region of Sudan. It is also spoken by a smaller number of people in Libya.
East–West Highway (New England)
The East–West Highway is a long-proposed east–west highway corridor in northern New England (Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont), intended to link remote northern communities in those states with markets in the Maritimes, Quebec, and upstate New York.

New Brunswick Route 1
Route 1 is a highway in the southern part of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It begins west of the Canada–United States border at St. Stephen, and runs east for 239.11 kilometres (148.58 mi) to Route 2 at River Glade.

The entire highway is a 4-lane controlled-access freeway. It is one of the most important highways in the province, carrying traffic from the American border in St. Stephen, through the City of Saint John, ending with an interchange with the Trans Canada Highway at River Glade.
Mexican Spanish
Mexican Spanish (Spanish: español mexicano) is the variety of dialects and sociolects of the Spanish language spoken in Mexico and its bordering regions. Mexico has the world's largest number of Spanish speakers, more than double any other country. Spanish is spoken by over 99% of the population, being the mother tongue of 93.8%, and the second language of 5.4%.

Caribbean Spanish
Caribbean Spanish (Spanish: español caribeño [espaˈɲol kaɾiˈβeɲo], locally [ehpaˈɲol kaɾiˈβeɲo]) is the general name of the Spanish dialects spoken in the Caribbean region. The Spanish language was introduced to the Caribbean in 1492 with the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It resembles the Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands, and, more distantly, the Spanish of western Andalusia. With more than 25 million speakers, Spanish is the most widely spoken language in the Caribbean Islands.

More precisely, the term in its strictest sense however refers to the Spanish language as it is spoken on the Caribbean island nations of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. In a much looser sense, it can also include  Panama and the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela; and on the widest application of the phrase, it includes the Caribbean coastal regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
Frequent urination
Frequent urination, or urinary frequency (sometimes called pollakiuria), is the need to urinate more often than usual. Diuretics are medications that increase urinary frequency. Nocturia is the need of frequent urination at night. The most common cause of this condition for women and children is a urinary tract infection. The most common cause of urinary frequency in older men is an enlarged prostate.

Frequent urination is strongly associated with frequent incidents of urinary urgency, which is the sudden need to urinate.  It is often, though not necessarily, associated with urinary incontinence and polyuria (large total volume of urine). However, in other cases, urinary frequency involves only normal volumes of urine overall.

Nocturia
Nocturia is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as "the complaint that the individual has to wake at night one or more times for voiding (i.e., to urinate)". The term is derived from Latin nox – "night", and Greek [τα] ούρα – "urine". Causes are varied and can be difficult to discern. Although not every patient needs treatment, most people seek treatment for severe nocturia, which is characterized by the person waking up to void more than two or three times per night.
Plant-based digital data storage
Plant-based digital data storage is a futuristic view that proposes storing digital data in plants and seeds. The first practical implication showed the possibility of using plants as storage media for digital data. New approaches for data archiving are required due to the constant increase in digital data production and the lack of a capacitive, low maintenance storage medium.

DNA digital data storage
DNA digital data storage is the process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA.

While DNA as a storage medium has enormous potential because of its high storage density, its practical use is currently severely limited because of its high cost and very slow read and write times.

In June 2019, scientists reported that all 16 GB of text from the English Wikipedia had been encoded into synthetic DNA. In 2021, scientists reported that a custom DNA data writer had been developed that was capable of writing data into DNA at 1 Mbps.
Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.

Sanöma language
Sanöma /ˈsænʊmə/ or Sanumá is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil. It is also known as Sanema, Sanima, Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano. Most of its speakers in Venezuela also speak Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritare, the language of the Ye'kuana people the Sanumá live alongside in the Caura River basin.
Oak Forest High School
Oak Forest High School is a public high school located in Oak Forest, Illinois. It is part of Bremen Community High School District 228 which also includes Tinley Park High School, Hillcrest High School and Bremen High School. It serves most of the community of Oak Forest, as well as portions of Midlothian and Crestwood in Bremen Township in the south suburbs of Chicago in Cook County.

Tinley Park High School
Tinley Park High School, TPHS or simply Tinley is a public high school located in Tinley Park, Illinois, approximately 30 miles southwest of Chicago. It is part of Bremen Community High School District 228 which also includes Oak Forest High School, Hillcrest High School and Bremen High School.
Lavena Ponte Tresa
Lavena Ponte Tresa is a comune (municipality) on Lake Lugano in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Varese, on the border with Switzerland.

Lavena Ponte Tresa borders the following municipalities: Brusimpiano, Cadegliano-Viconago, Caslano (Switzerland), Marzio, Tresa (Switzerland).

Marzio
Marzio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Varese. The origin of the name "Marzio" could derive from the Latin name "Marcius" or it could refer to the Italian word "rotten". The council of Marzio covers an area of 1.98 kilometers2 
Marzio borders the following municipalities: Brusimpiano, Cadegliano-Viconago, Cuasso al Monte, Lavena Ponte Tresa, Marchirolo; the territory of the Comune is comprised in the Cinque Vette Park.
2004 Sydney City Council election
The 2004 Sydney City Council election was held on 27 March 2004 to elect nine councillors and a lord mayor to the City of Sydney. The election was held as part of the statewide local government elections in New South Wales, Australia.

The election followed the amalgamation of Sydney with the neighbouring City of South Sydney. Independent MP Clover Moore was elected lord mayor, becoming the first popularly elected female Lord Mayor of Sydney.

2004 New South Wales local elections
The 2004 New South Wales local elections were held on 27 March 2004 to elect the councils of the local government areas (LGAs) of New South Wales, Australia. Several councils also held mayoral elections.

Just one month before the elections, several councils were abolished and amalgamated.
Riccioli (crater)
Riccioli is a lunar impact crater located near the western limb of the Moon. It lies just to the northwest of a larger crater, Grimaldi. To the southwest are the craters Hartwig and Schlüter that lie on the northeastern edge of Montes Cordillera, a ring-shaped range that surrounds Mare Orientale. Due to its location, Riccioli appears strongly foreshortened from the earth and is viewed almost from the side.

Hartwig (lunar crater)
Hartwig is a lunar impact crater that is located near the western limb of the Moon. It is attached to the eastern rim of the prominent crater Schlüter, to the northeast of the Montes Cordillera mountain range that surrounds the Mare Orientale. To the east-northeast of Hartwig is the larger crater Riccioli.

This crater lies within the outer blanket of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin, and its form has been modified by this material. Much of the eastern rim of the crater is overlaid by this ejecta, and only a portion of the western rim near Schluter remains well-formed. The interior floor has likewise been modified. There is a small crater on the floor near the northeastern rim.
Jhanda Singh Bhangi
Jhanda Singh Bhangi (died 1774) was a chief of Bhangi Misl. Under his leadership the Dhillon family became the dominant de facto ruling power of Punjab. His father was Hari Singh, one of the most powerful Sikh warriors of the time. He also had a warrior brother Ganda Singh. Jhanda Singh appointed his younger brother Ganda Singh as the commander in chief of the forces. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was one of the closest friends of Jhanda Singh.

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (3 May 1718 – 23 October 1783) was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the supreme leader of the Dal Khalsa. He was also Misldar (leader or commander) of the Ahluwalia Misl. This period was an interlude, lasting roughly from the time of the death of Banda Bahadur in 1716 to the founding of the Sikh Empire in 1801. He founded the Kapurthala State in 1772.