hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vertical fire-tube boiler
A vertical fire-tube boiler or vertical multitubular boiler is a vertical boiler where the heating surface is composed of multiple small fire-tubes, arranged vertically.

These boilers were not common, owing to drawbacks with excessive wear in service. The more common form of vertical boiler, which was very similar in external appearance, instead used a single flue and water-filled cross-tubes. Another form used horizontal fire-tubes, even where this added complexity, such as the Cochran boiler.

Where a sustained high evaporative capacity (i.e. power) was required, vertical tubes were used, but rarely. These cases were mostly for locomotives, either railway locomotives or road steam wagons.

Vertical boiler
A vertical boiler is a type of fire-tube or water-tube boiler where the boiler barrel is oriented vertically instead of the more common horizontal orientation. Vertical boilers were used for a variety of steam-powered vehicles and other mobile machines, including early steam locomotives.
Rail Wheel Plant, Bela
Rail Wheel Plant, Bela (Hindi: रेल पहिया कारखाना, बेला) is an independent production unit of Indian Railways situated in the Bela gram panchayat of Dariapur Block, Parsa in Saran district of Bihar. It was inaugurated in 2008 by former Railway Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav, and was built at a cost of ₹1,450 crore (US$170 million). The station is spread over an area of 165 acres (0.67 km2), and employs approximately 956 persons appointed by the Indian Railways, along with 300 contractual staff members.

Saran district
Saran district is one of the 38 districts of Indian state of Bihar. The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

It is considered as one of the richest zamindaris of Bihar after Raj Darbhanga, Hathwa Raj, Bettiah Raj and Raj Najarganj, Saran Raj.
U.S. National Vegetation Classification
The U.S. National Vegetation Classification (NVC or USNVC) is a scheme for classifying the natural and cultural vegetation communities of the United States. The purpose of this standardized vegetation classification system is to facilitate communication between land managers, scientists, and the public when managing, researching, and protecting plant communities.

The non-profit group NatureServe maintains the NVC for the U.S. government.

NatureServe
NatureServe, Inc. is a non-profit organization based in Arlington County, Virginia, US, that provides proprietary wildlife conservation-related data, tools, and services to private and government clients, partner organizations, and the public. NatureServe reports being "headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, with regional offices in four U.S. locations and in Canada." In calendar year 2011 they reported having 86 employees, 6 volunteers, and 15 independent officers.
En Avant Guingamp
En Avant Guingamp (Breton: War-raok Gwengamp, English: Forward Guingamp), commonly referred to as EA Guingamp, EAG, or simply Guingamp (French: [ɡɛ̃ɡɑ̃]), is a French professional football club based in the commune of Guingamp, in France's Brittany region. The club was founded in 1912 and play in Ligue 2, the second tier of French football. The club has appeared in the Ligue 1, the top flight of French football, for 13 seasons, and is known for its relative success given Guingamp's small population of only 7,000 people.

Guingamp are one of only two clubs who have won the Coupe de France while not being in the first division, doing so in 2009, by defeating Rennes, 2–1. They won the same competition in 2014, again with a victory against Rennes, 2–0.

2013–14 Coupe de France
The 2013–14 Coupe de France was the 97th season of the most prestigious football cup competition of France. The competition was organized by the French Football Federation (FFF) and open to all clubs in French football, as well as clubs from the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Réunion). The winner, Guingamp, qualified for the group stage of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League.

Holders Bordeaux were eliminated in the Round of 32 on penalties by fifth-tier Monticello.
Kubosō Memorial Museum of Arts, Izumi
The Kubosō Memorial Museum of Arts, Izumi (和泉市久保惣記念美術館, Izumi-shi Kubosō Kinen Bijutsukan) opened in Izumi, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, in 1982. The new wing was added in 1997. The local Kubo family, founders of the Kubosō cotton textile business, donated the land, buildings, collection, and funds for the museum's management to the city. The collection of some eleven thousand works includes two National Treasures (the Kasen Uta-awase scroll and the Southern Song celadon vase with phoenix ears known as Bansei) and twenty-nine Important Cultural Properties.

Izumi, Osaka
Izumi (Japanese: 和泉市, Hepburn: Izumi-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 184,615 in 80862 households and a population density of 2200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 84.98 square kilometres (32.81 sq mi).
Reexamination
In United States patent law, a reexamination is a process whereby anyone—third party or inventor—can have a U.S.  patent reexamined by a patent examiner to verify that the subject matter it claims is patentable.  To have a patent reexamined, an interested party must submit prior art, in the form of patents or printed publications, that raises a "substantial new question of patentability".  The Leahy-Smith America Invents Act makes substantial changes to the U.S. patent system, including new mechanisms for challenging patents at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.  One of the new mechanisms is a post-grant review proceeding, which will provide patent challengers expanded bases on which to attack patents.

NTP, Inc.
NTP, Inc. is a Virginia-based patent holding company founded in 1992 by the late inventor Thomas J. Campana Jr. and Donald E. Stout. The company's primary asset is a portfolio of 50 US patents and additional pending US and international patent applications. These patents and patent applications disclose inventions in the fields of wireless email and RF Antenna design. The named inventors include Andrew Andros and Thomas Campana. About half of the US patents were originally assigned to Telefind Corporation, a Florida-based company (now out of business) partly owned by Campana.

NTP has been characterized as a patent troll because it is a non-practicing entity that aggressively enforces its patent portfolio against larger, well-established companies. The most notable case was against Research in Motion, makers of the BlackBerry mobile email system.

NTP also owns an equity stake in mobile email start up company Visto.
Oregon Bill of 1848
The Oregon Bill of 1848, officially titled when approved, "An Act to Establish the Territorial Government of Oregon," was an act of Congress to turn Oregon into an official U.S. Territory. The bill was passed on August 14, 1848. It was enacted by the 30th United States Congress, and signed by President James K. Polk. The bill came into question several years after the Oregon Treaty. For two years following that treaty, the United States paid little attention to it until news of the Whitman massacre reached Congress. This provided the impetus to formally establish the Territorial Government of Oregon. The Act created a territory that encompassed present-day Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; as well as parts of Montana and Wyoming.

The original version of the bill, with an amendment to prohibit slavery, was approved by the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 140–59 on February 3, 1845.

Oregon Territory
The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon. Originally claimed by several countries (see Oregon Country), Spanish "El Orejón" was part of the Nootka Territory (1789–1795), later in the 19th century, the region was divided between the British Empire and the US in 1846. When established, the territory encompassed an area that included the current states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, as well as parts of Wyoming and Montana. The capital of the territory was first Oregon City, then Salem, followed briefly by Corvallis, then back to Salem, which became the state capital upon Oregon's admission to the Union.
Jeremiah 32
Jeremiah 32 is the thirty-second chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 39 in the Septuagint. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. In this chapter, Jeremiah redeems a piece of property belonging to his family and explains the significance of his act.

Jeremiah 52
Jeremiah 52 is the fifty-second (and the last) chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a "historical appendix", matching (with some supplementary material) the account in 2 Kings 24:18–25:30 of the end of national life in Judah, and also serving as a vindication of Jeremiah's message.
Dundonald Bluebell F.C.
Dundonald Bluebell Football Club are a Scottish football club based in Cardenden, Fife. The team plays in the East of Scotland League Premier Division, having moved from the junior leagues in 2018. Their home ground is Moorside Park.

Cardenden
Cardenden (card-en-DEN; /ˌkɑːrdənˈdɛn/ ⓘ) is a Scottish town located on the south bank of the River Ore in the parish of Auchterderran, Fife. It is approximately four miles (six kilometres) northwest of Kirkcaldy. Cardenden was named in 1848 by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway for its new railway station. A former mining town, Cardenden had a reported population of 448 in 1891 that had increased to 5,533 as of 2011.

Areas of Cardenden include Auchterderran, Bowhill, Dundonald, the Jamphlars, New Carden and Woodend.
191st Regional Support Group
191st Regional Support Group (191st RSG) is a regional support group of the Puerto Rico Army National Guard. The unit's federal (MTOE/TDA) mission is '..Deploys to provide contingency and expeditionary Base Operations Support, with responsibilities for managing facilities, providing administrative and logistical support of soldier services, and ensuring the security of personnel and facilities on a base camp.'

The unit has been in command of the Joint Task Force Guantanamo Headquarters and Headquarters Company since its arrival in December 2008. Their mission while deployed is expansive, ranging from service member safety to housing issues. In addition to its far-reaching responsibilities, the group has also had to learn to work with and rely on one another, since the unit was formed shortly before deploying.

Puerto Rico Army National Guard
The Puerto Rico Army National Guard (PRARNG) — officially designated in Spanish as Guardia Nacional Terrestre de Puerto Rico, but colloquially known as Ejército de la Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico — is the Army National Guard of the archipelago of Puerto Rico which, together with the Puerto Rico Air National Guard, comprises the Puerto Rico National Guard. PRARNG is the ground-component of the Puerto Rico National Guard under control of the governor of Puerto Rico, currently Pedro Pierluisi, that performs missions equivalent to those of the Army National Guards of the different states of the United States, including ground defense, disaster relief, and control of civil unrest.
Greasy Pop Records
Greasy Pop Records was an Australian independent record label established by Doug Thomas (musician with The Dagoes and with The Spikes) in 1980 in Adelaide. Greasy Pop Records predominantly signed South Australian artists including Exploding White Mice, Where's the Pope?, Del Webb Explosion and The Mad Turks from Istanbul. As from 2006, the label was owned by Pete Hartman-Kearns and Monique Laver. According to I-94 Bar's Patrick Emery, Greasy Pop "was the focus of much of the city’s vibrant music scene, putting out great records ... Much of the Greasy Pop stable was based on the Detroit-via-Birdman thing – it's interesting that while Adelaide continues to share a cultural affinity closer to Melbourne than Sydney, its musical influences arguably owe more to the Sydney and the Birdman sound than the art-school aesthetic of Melbourne".

July 14th (band)
July 14th were an Australian folk and rock band formed in 1984 in Adelaide by Terry Bradford on guitar and vocals, Robyn Habel on lead vocals and bass guitar, and Rod Ling on guitar and vocals. They issued three albums, Australian Bite (1985), Cut It Live (1986) and Till We Meet Again (1988). Bradford, as Terry Every, formed a folk and pop side project, the Every Brothers, in 1986 with Greg Williams (as Greg Every) on acoustic guitar and vocals. In 1987, July 14th disbanded, and Habel, on double bass and vocals, joined the Every Brothers. That group released three albums, Picks and Pens (1986), Everyone (1989) and Junk Factory (1998) before disbanding in 1999. Habel had undertaken a solo career from 1993. Bradford became a record label manager.
Rancho San Mateo
Rancho San Mateo was a 6,439-acre (26.06 km2) Mexican land grant on the San Francisco Peninsula, in present day San Mateo County, California.

It was given in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Cayetano Arenas.

Rancho San Mateo extended from the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains to San Francisco Bay. It included Coyote Point, about one-half the present city of San Mateo, all of Burlingame and most of Hillsborough.

San Mateo, California
San Mateo is the most populous city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It is part of the San Francisco Bay Area metropolitan region, and is located about 20 miles (32 km) south of San Francisco. San Mateo borders Burlingame to the north, Hillsborough to the west, San Francisco Bay and Foster City to the east and Belmont to the south. The population was 105,661 at the 2020 census.  Some of the biggest economic drivers for the city include technology, health care and education.
San'in Main Line
The San'in Main Line (山陰本線, San'in-honsen) is a railway line in western Japan, which connects Kyoto and Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the major railway line of the San'in region, approximately paralleling the Japan Sea, crossing Kyoto, Hyōgo, Tottori, Shimane, and Yamaguchi prefectures. The main portion from Kyoto to Hatabu is the longest single continuous railway line in Japan at 673.8 km (418.7 mi), although no regularly scheduled train operates over the entire line.

The section between Kyoto and Sonobe, connecting Kyoto and its northern suburbs, is a part of JR West's Urban Network and is nicknamed the Sagano Line.

Hatabu Station
Hatabu Station (幡生駅, Hatabu-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). The station is adjacent to Hatabu Switchyard of Japan Freight Railway Company (JR Freight)
Asia Pacific Network of Science and Technology Centres
The Asia Pacific Network of Science & Technology Centres (ASPAC), is a not-for-profit association initiated in 1997.

It was formed to facilitate communication and cooperation among Science Centres and Museums and other organisations that use interactive approaches for learning and public understanding of science and technology in the Asia-Pacific region. The network hosts annual conferences where members exchange the latest updates on science exhibitions, educational advancements, and upcoming events.

ASPAC has over 50 members from 20 countries (2022). Members include different forms of organisations, like science centres, science museums, children’s museums, exhibit design and fabrication firms.

Science museum
A science museum is a museum devoted primarily to science. Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology, industry and industrial machinery, etc. Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of subject matter and introduced many interactive exhibits. Modern science museums, increasingly referred to as "science centres" or "discovery centres", also feature technology.

While the mission statements of science centres and modern museums may vary, they are commonly places that make science accessible and encourage the excitement of discovery.
Paxillin
Paxillin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PXN gene. Paxillin is expressed at focal adhesions of non-striated cells and at costameres of striated muscle cells, and it functions to adhere cells to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in PXN as well as abnormal expression of paxillin protein has been implicated in the progression of various cancers.

PTK2
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PTK2 gene. PTK2 is a focal adhesion-associated protein kinase involved in cellular adhesion (how cells stick to each other and their surroundings) and spreading processes (how cells move around).  It has been shown that when FAK was blocked, breast cancer cells became less metastatic due to decreased mobility.
Caspar Schütz
Caspar Schütz (c. 1540 – 16 September 1594) was a German historian.

Schütz was born in Eisleben.  As professor of poetry at the University of Königsberg from 1562 to 1565, he developed interest in the history of Prussia. He then became the historian of the city of Danzig (Gdansk) and collected old writings and records. His main work, published in 1592 in Zerbst, was the Historia Rerum Prussicarum or "wahrhafte Beschreibung der Lande Preussen in 10 Büchern vom Anfange bis auf das Jahr 1525".  He died in Danzig.

Later, others resumed the work he began, covering also later periods, like in the 1720s, Gottfried Lengnich.

Gottfried Lengnich
Gottfried Lengnich (Polish: Gotfryd Lengnich) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician. He became known for writing the 9-volume History of Royal Prussia and for teaching Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of Poland.
Ateca Ganilau
Adi Ateca Moceiwaqa Mara Ganilau (1951 – 16 November 2018) was a Fijian public figure and the eldest daughter of the former Prime Minister and President, the late Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara.  Later in life she made many statements to the press about her family and the government.

Kamisese Mara
Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, CF, GCMG, KBE (6 May 1920 – 18 April 2004) was a Fijian politician who served as Chief Minister from 1967 to 1970, when Fiji gained its independence from the United Kingdom, and, apart from one brief interruption in 1987, as the first Prime Minister from 1970 to 1992. He subsequently served as president from 1993 to 2000.
Chicken Soup with Barley
Chicken Soup with Barley is a 1956 play by British playwright Arnold Wesker. It is the first of the 'Wesker trilogy' – being followed by Roots and I'm Talking about Jerusalem – and was first performed on stage in 1958 at the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry, transferring later that year to the Royal Court Theatre in London. It is considered to be an important play in the history of post-war British theatre, and one of the few English plays with a sympathetic portrayal of a communist family. The character of Sarah was based on Arnold Wesker's aunt, Sarah Wesker, who was a trade union activist in the East End of London.

A major revival, starring Samantha Spiro, was staged at the Royal Court in the summer of 2011.

I'm Talking about Jerusalem
I'm Talking about Jerusalem is the final play by Arnold Wesker in The Wesker Trilogy of kitchen sink dramas. The first part is Chicken Soup with Barley and the second is Roots. The 'Jerusalem' in the play's title refers to William Morris's idea of the new Jerusalem (a socialist haven) and has been taken from William Blake's poem "And did those feet in ancient time". The full trilogy was first performed at the Belgrade Theatre, Coventry, in 1958 to 1959, and Jerusalem transferred to the Royal Court Theatre in 1958 where the full trilogy was staged in 1960.
CityLine/Bush station
CityLine/Bush station (formerly Bush Turnpike station) is a public transit station in Richardson, Texas. The station is located on a frontage road of President George Bush Turnpike (SH 190) about 1⁄3 mile (0.54 km) east of its interchange with North Central Expressway (US 75). The station serves the Red Line, the Silver Line, and, during peak periods, the Orange Line.

The station serves the mixed-use development CityLine, and it is also a park-and-ride lot for commuters using PGBT. A shuttle route, dubbed the Comet Cruiser, connects the station to the University of Texas at Dallas.

Richardson, Texas
Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 119,469. Richardson is an inner suburb of the city of Dallas.

It is home to the University of Texas at Dallas and the Telecom Corridor, with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. More than 5,000 businesses have operations within Richardson's 28 square miles (73 km2), including many of the world's largest telecommunications and networking companies, such as AT&T, Verizon, Cisco Systems, Samsung, ZTE, MetroPCS, Texas Instruments, Qorvo, and Fujitsu. Richardson's largest employment base is provided by the insurance industry, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas's headquarters, a regional hub for the insurance company GEICO, regional offices for United Healthcare, and one of State Farm Insurance's three national regional hubs located in the community.
Clyde River (Vermont)
The Clyde River is a tributary of Lake Memphremagog, over 33.5 miles (54 km) long, in northern Vermont in the United States. It is the easternmost of the four major rivers in Orleans County. It is the most powerful of the four within Orleans County, powering several turbines at damsites. It is part of the Northern Forest Canoe Trail.

It was named by one of the early surveyors from his partiality to a river of the same name in Scotland.

The Route 105/114 junction to Clyde Road section of Clyde River in Vermont is 21 miles (34 km) long and is rated by American Whitewater as a class I-III section.

Northern Forest Canoe Trail
The Northern Forest Canoe Trail (NFCT) is a 740-mile (1,190 km) marked canoeing trail in the northeastern United States and Canada, extending from Old Forge in the Adirondacks of New York to Fort Kent, Maine. Along the way, the trail also passes through the states and provinces of Vermont, Quebec, and New Hampshire. The trail was  opened on June 3, 2006.