hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Josephine Butler College, Durham
Josephine Butler College is a constituent college of Durham University. The college was opened in 2006. It is named after Josephine Elizabeth Butler, a 19th-century feminist and social reformer who had a significant role in improving women's public health and education in England. Butler's father was the cousin of the 2nd Earl Grey, after whom Grey College, Durham is named.

The college is a fully self-catered college of the university, and, unique in comparison to other Durham colleges, all rooms are en-suite. It is one of the university's first fully self-catered constituent colleges in Durham. The college also has extensive leisure facilities including a library, study spaces, sports hall, outdoor tennis court and music room. It is located within the Howlands Farm site along South Road, next to Stephenson College, Durham.

Colleges of Durham University
The Colleges of Durham University are residential colleges that are the primary source of accommodation and support services for undergraduates and postgraduates at Durham University, as well as providing a focus for social, cultural and sporting life for their members, and offering bursaries and scholarships to students. They also provide funding and/or accommodation for some of the research posts in the University. All students at the University are required to be members of one of the colleges.

Durham University has 17 colleges, of which University College is the oldest, founded in 1832. The newest college is South, founded in 2020. The last single-sex college, St Mary's, became mixed in 2005 with the admittance of male undergraduates. One college, Ustinov, admits only postgraduates.
Wedding of Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath
The wedding of Carl XVI Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath took place on Friday, 19 June 1976 at Storkyrkan. Carl XVI Gustaf had been king of Sweden since 1973 and Sommerlath was a German-born translator. The couple had met at the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in Munich and became engaged in 1976.

The archbishop of Uppsala, Olof Sundby, presided over the Church of Sweden ceremony in Storkyrkan. The ceremony was attended by the bride's and groom's families, as well as members of foreign royal families, diplomats, and various Swedish and German officials.

It was the first marriage of a reigning Swedish monarch since King Gustav IV Adolf married Princess Frederica of Baden in 1797. Sommerlath became Sweden's first queen consort since 1965.

Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler
Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler (Margaretha Désirée Victoria; born 31 October 1934) is a member of the Swedish royal family. She is the eldest child of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and the eldest sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf.
Philippa de Beauchamp
Philippa de Stafford, Countess of Stafford (before 1344 – 6 April 1386), was a late medieval English noblewoman and the daughter of Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG, and Katherine Mortimer. Her maternal grandfather was the powerful Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.

Thomas Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick, KG (c. 14 February 1313 – 13 November 1369), sometimes styled as Lord Warwick, was an English nobleman and military commander during the Hundred Years' War. His reputation as a military leader was so formidable that he was nicknamed "the devil Warwick" by the French.
In 1348 he became one of the founders and the third Knight of the Order of the Garter.

Thomas was undoubtedly a brave warrior in battle and proved to be a strong military leader. For example, the 14th-century Anonimalle Chronicle states that when news arrived of his landing at Calais, the Duke of Burgundy, whose forces were camped nearby, made a hasty retreat under cover of darkness to avoid an encounter with "the devil Warwick".

He fought in Scotland as captain of the army against the Scots in 1337 at the age of 24. He also fought in the Hundred Years' Wars with France, commanding the English victory at the Battle of Crécy in 1346.
Gothic revolt of Euric
The Revolt of Euric was a military conflict between the Gothic king Euric and the Western Roman Empire between AD 468 and 471. The war marked the collapse of Roman authority in southern Gaul and led to the establishment of an independent Visigothic kingdom centered on Toulouse.

Gondioc
Gondioc (c. 420 – c. 473), also called Gunderic and Gundowech, was a king of the Burgundians who held a senior command in the Roman army. Under his authority, the foundations were laid for the later Burgundian kingdom. Around 455, he led the Burgundian people together with his brother Chilperic I.
Matt Suggs
Matt Suggs is an American indie rock musician.

Born and raised in Visalia, California, Suggs was a member of Butterglory in the 1990s before launching a solo career in 2000. He released two albums on Merge Records, which Richie Unterberger described as "reminiscent of...The Kinks' Ray Davies". Later in the 2000s he was a founding member of White Whale.

White Whale (band)
White Whale is an American indie rock band from Lawrence, Kansas, composed of former members of Butterglory, The Get Up Kids, and Thee Higher Burning Fire. They are signed to Merge Records and released their first full-length album WW1 on July 25, 2006.
Bosphorus Gaz Corporation
Bosphorus Gaz Corporation is a gas importer and distributor in Turkey. It controls about 25% of Turkey's private natural gas market.

The company was established in 2003 in Istanbul. In 2004, Securing Energy for Europe a former subsidiary of the Russian gas company Gazprom, became shareholder in Bosphorus Gaz.  In 2009, Gazprom raised its share in the company from 40% to 51% and then to 71% in 2010. In 2018, Gazprom sold all of its 71% shares in the company to the Şen Group who owned 29% of the shares, making Şen Group's share add up to 100%.

In 2005, Bosphorus Gaz won a tender to resell 750 million cubic meters of the gas purchased by the Turkish energy company BOTAŞ from Gazprom until 2021.

Turkey portal

Energy portal

Companies portal

BOTAŞ
BOTAŞ Petroleum Pipeline Corporation (BOTAŞ) is the state-owned crude oil and natural gas pipelines and trading company in Turkey. The company was established in 1974 as a subsidiary of TPAO. Since 1995, BOTAŞ is a wholly state-owned company.
Graf
Graf (German pronunciation: [ɡʁaːf] ⓘ; feminine: Gräfin [ˈɡʁɛːfɪn] ⓘ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title of "earl" (whose female version is "countess").

The German nobility was gradually divided into high and low nobility. The high nobility included those counts who ruled immediate imperial territories of "princely size and importance" for which they had a seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.

Imperial, royal and noble ranks
Traditional rank amongst European imperiality, royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke), the following is a reasonably comprehensive list that provides information on both general ranks and specific differences. Distinction should be made between reigning (or formerly reigning) families and the nobility – the latter being a social class subject to and created by the former.
Rabindra Sarobar
Rabindra Sarobar (formerly known as Dhakuria Lake) is an artificial lake, garden and park in South Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. The name also refers to the area surrounding the lake. It is flanked by Southern Avenue to the north, Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Road to the west, Dhakuria to the east and the Kolkata Suburban Railway tracks to the south. It is named after Nobel Prize winner and poet Rabindranath Tagore.

Kolkata Improvement Trust
The Kolkata Improvement Trust, initially known as the Calcutta Improvement Trust or simply the C.I.T., was a statutory body under the Urban Development and Municipal Affairs Department of the Government of West Bengal. It was the oldest urban development agency of Kolkata and made significant impact on the city's urban geography and pattern of urban growth. It was merged with the larger Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority in 2017 to increase efficiency and cut costs.
Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba
The Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba (code 3110) is one of the 13 intermediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, as well as one of the 134 regions in Brazil. It was designated by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

As of September 2021, the region covers a total area of 36,915.2 km2 (14,253.0 sq mi) and is home to a population of 825,582 residents.

It comprises 29 municipalities, which are organized into 4 immediate geographic regions:

Immediate Geographic Region of Uberaba.

Immediate Geographic Region of Araxá.

Immediate Geographic Region of Frutal.

Immediate Geographic Region of Iturama.

Immediate Geographic Region of Uberaba
The Immediate Geographic Region of Uberaba is one of the 4 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

It is composed of 10 municipalities with a population of 458.608 people (2021) within an area of 14.281652 km2 (5.514177 sq mi).
Woojin Industrial Systems
Woojin Industrial Systems (Korean: 우진산전) is a South Korean manufacturer of rolling stock including metro, electric bus, peoplemover and monorail vehicles. Its main business is the development of rolling stocks and their core electrical components.

Woojin Apollo
Woojin Apollo (Korean: 우진산전 아폴로) is a South Korean electric bus and rolling stock manufacturer Woojin Industrial Systems' plug-in electric low-floor bus series. It was first unveiled at the 2017 Daegu International Future Auto Expo held at EXCO in Daegu, and is produced at the Ochang Plant in Cheongju, North Chungcheong Province.
Georg Friedrich Grotefend
Georg Friedrich Grotefend (9 June 1775 – 15 December 1853) was a German epigraphist and philologist. He is known mostly for his contributions toward the decipherment of cuneiform.

Georg Friedrich Grotefend had a son, named Carl Ludwig Grotefend, who played a key role in the decipherment of the Indian Kharoshthi script on the coinage of the Indo-Greek kings, around the same time as James Prinsep, publishing Die unbekannte Schrift der Baktrischen Münzen ("The unknown script of the Bactrian coins") in 1836.

Carsten Niebuhr
Carsten Niebuhr, or Karsten Niebuhr (17 March 1733 Lüdingworth – 26 April 1815 Meldorf, Dithmarschen), was a German mathematician, cartographer, and explorer in the service of Denmark-Norway. He is renowned for his participation in the Danish Arabia expedition (1761-1767). He was the father of the Danish-German statesman and historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, who published an account of his father's life in 1817.
Song poetry
Song poetry is poetry typical of the Song dynasty of China, established by the Zhao family in China in 960 and lasted until 1279.

Many of the best known Classical Chinese poems, popular also in translation, are from the Song dynasty poets, such as Su Shi (Dongpo), Ouyang Xiu, Lu You and Yang Wanli. This was also a time of great achievement in painting and literature, and many artists were accomplished in more than one of these fields while simultaneously holding government positions.

Li Yu (Southern Tang)
Li Yu (Chinese: 李煜; c.15 August 937 – 13 August 978), before 961 known as Li Congjia (李從嘉), also known as Li Houzhu (李後主; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li"), was the third ruler of the Southern Tang state during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 961 until 976, when his state was conquered by the Northern Song dynasty. Taken captive to the Song capital Bianjing, Li Yu was given the title Marquis of Disobedience (違命侯), reflecting Emperor Taizu of Song’s resentment over Li’s delayed surrender. In 978 he was executed by poisoning on the orders of Emperor Taizong of Song.

Li Yu is generally regarded as an ineffective ruler but an accomplished artist, especially renowned for his ci poetry. His early lyrics depict courtly pleasures and romantic love, while his later poems express profound grief over the loss of his kingdom.
Tasmania JackJumpers
The Tasmania JackJumpers are an Australian professional basketball team based in Hobart, Tasmania, who entered the National Basketball League (NBL) in the 2021–22 season, and play their home games at MyState Bank Arena and the Silverdome. The team is named after the jack jumper ant, a species of venomous ant predominantly found in the island state. The JackJumpers won their maiden NBL championship in 2024.

2021–22 NBL season
The 2021–22 NBL season was the 44th season of the National Basketball League since its establishment in 1979. A total of ten teams contested the 2021–22 season, which commenced on 3 December 2021.

Australian broadcast rights to the season are held by ESPN in the first season of a new three-year deal. All games are available live on ESPN and the streaming platform Kayo Sports. After signing onto the new three-year deal, Network 10 will broadcast two Sunday afternoon games on 10 Peach and 10 Play. In New Zealand, Sky Sport continue as the official league broadcaster, with Dongqiudi, TAP Sports, M Plus, Astro, Fanseat, Spring Media, Live Now and YouTube broadcasting games internationally.
Acrididea
Acrididea including the Acridomorpha is an infraorder of insects that describe the grasshoppers (thus also locusts) and ground-hoppers.  It contains a large majority of species in the suborder Caelifera and the taxon Acridomorpha may also be used, which excludes the Tetrigoidea.  Both names are derived from older texts, such as Imms, which placed the "short-horned grasshoppers" and locusts at the family level (Acrididae).  The study of grasshopper species is called acridology.

Caelifera
The Caelifera are a suborder of orthopteran insects. They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the  ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea).  The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets (Gryllotalpidae), which belong to the other Orthopteran suborder Ensifera.

The name of this suborder comes from Latin meaning chisel-bearing ("chisel" in Latin: caelum), referring to the "stout" shape of its species'  ovipositors.
Kilkenny GAA
The Kilkenny County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (Kilkenny GAA) (Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Chainnigh) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kilkenny. The county board has its head office and main grounds at Nowlan Park and is also responsible for Kilkenny county teams in all codes at all levels. The Kilkenny branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in 1887.

In hurling, Kilkenny competes annually in the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, which it has won 36 times (a national record), the Leinster Senior Hurling Championship, which it has won 73 times, and the National Hurling League, which it has won 19 times (a national record).

The camogie team has won both the National Camogie League and the All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 15 times each.

Nowlan Park
Nowlan Park (/ˈnoʊlən/; Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.
Yuan Zhongyi
Yuan Zhongyi (袁仲一; born 1932) is a Chinese archaeologist.

He is best known for his work in the excavation and preservation of the Terracotta Army in Xi'an, China and is praised as "the father of the Terracotta Warriors".

Yuan graduated from East China Normal University in Shanghai where he received the bachelor's and master's degrees of history respectively in 1960 and 1963.

East China Normal University
East China Normal University (ECNU) is a public university in Shanghai, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education and co-funded with the Shanghai Municipal People's Government. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

It was formed in 1951 by the merger of the Great China University (est. 1924) and Kwang Hua University (est. 1925) and originated from the St. John's College founded in 1879. As of 2020, ECNU is organized into 22 schools, colleges, and institutes, located in two campuses throughout Minhang and Putuo.
Belite Ultra Cub
The Belite Ultra Cub is an ultralight aircraft built by Belite Aircraft and intended as a tribute to the Piper Cub on the occasion of its 75th anniversary. The UltraCub was introduced at AirVenture 2012.

Volkswagen air-cooled engine
The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.

There are two distinct families/variations of the aircooled engine, namely Type 1 and Type 4. The Type 3 engine is a variation of the Type 1 engine with a pancake cooling arrangement.

Variations of the engine were produced by Volkswagen plants worldwide from 1936 until 2006 for use in Volkswagen's own vehicles, notably the Type 1 (Beetle), Type 2 (transporter), Type 3, and Type 4. Additionally, the engines were widely used in industrial, light aircraft and kit car applications.
Cherry Hill Mall
The Cherry Hill Mall is a super-regional shopping mall in Cherry Hill, in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The mall is within the unincorporated namesake neighborhood and census-designated place of Cherry Hill Mall.

The mall was developed by James Rouse, working in partnership with Strawbridge and Clothier. Designed by architect Victor Gruen, the Cherry Hill Mall opened in 1961 as one of the first enclosed malls in the United States. PREIT acquired the mall in 2003.

The Rouse Company
The Rouse Company was a publicly traded shopping mall and community developer from 1954 until 2004, when General Growth Properties (GGP) purchased the company. It was founded by Hunter Moss and James Rouse in 1939.
Dan Green (artist)
Dan Green (November 26, 1951 – August 17, 2023) was an American comic book illustrator, who worked primarily as an inker from the early 1970s. He often provided the finished art after receiving breakdowns by artists such as John Romita Sr., John Romita Jr., John Byrne, John Buscema, Sal Buscema, Marc Silvestri, George Pérez, Keith Giffen, Gene Colan, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko, Carmine Infantino, Al Williamson, Bernie Wrightson, and Keith Pollard.

John Romita Jr.
John Salvatore Romita (/rəˈmiːtə/; born August 17, 1956) is an American comics artist best known for his extensive work for Marvel Comics from the 1970s to the 2020s. He is the son of artist John Romita Sr.
Discoceras
Discoceras is an extinct marine cephalopod mollusk,  a member of the Trocholitidae in the Tarphycerida. It is distinct from  Discosorus, It is characterized by closely coiled, gradually expanding shells with a subquadrate cross section, that may be ribbed or smooth. The sides are broadly rounded; the venter is wide and slightly rounded. The maximum width is slightly dorsal of the middle. The dorsum has a slight to moderate impression. The siphuncle starts off central for the first half whorl then becomes marginodorsal in the succeeding two whorls, then subdorsal at maturity. As with Trocholites, the dorsal siphuncle in Discoceras probably indicates an orientation during life that places the back of the living chamber high in the shell.

Discoceras has been found in Middle and Upper Ordovician sediments in Northern Europe, Baffin Island in Canada, Yunnan and Hubei provinces in China, and in Punjab, India.

Discosorus
Discosorus,  a genus of the Discosorida and member of the family Discosoridae. Not to be confused with Discoceras. Discosorus consists of rapidly expanding endogastric brevicones, mostly known from isolated siphuncles composed of broadly expanded segments that increase rapidly in size. Septal necks are recumbent, connecting rings thin, bullettes small. The siphuncle interior is occupied by endocones produced by layered annular deposits expanded back toward the apex, leaving a central tube running down the middle. The short phragmocone is poorly known.

Discosorus is found in the Middle Silurian of eastern and arctic North America and as part of the Discosoratidae is derived from the Lowoceratidae which forms a link in the Early Silurian from the Late Ordovician exogastric Faberoceras of the Westonoceratidae.
Grant Public Schools
Grant Public Schools is a public school district in West Michigan. In Newaygo County, it serves Grant and parts of the townships of Ashland, Bridgeton, Ensley, and Grant. In Kent County, it serves parts of Solon Township and Tyrone Township. In Muskegon County, it serves parts of Casnovia Township and Moorland Township. It is a constituent of the Newaygo County Regional Educational Service Agency, (NCRESA) which is Newaygo County's Intermediate School District.

Grant, Michigan
Grant is a city in Newaygo County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 952 at the 2020 census. The city is adjacent to Grant Township and Ashland Township. It is a part of the Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, Michigan combined statistical area.
Lady Helen's Escapade
Lady Helen's Escapade is a short American comedy film produced in 1909, directed by D. W. Griffith. It is about the escapades of Lady Helen working as a domestic in a boarding house.

In 2004, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for the National Film Registry.

National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.
Krydor, Saskatchewan
Krydor (2016 population: 15) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Redberry No. 435 and Census Division No. 16. The community's name is a combination of the names of two early settlers, Petro Krysak and Teodor Lucyk (KRYsak + teoDOR). Petro Krysak also served as the first postmaster, from September 1, 1911, to July 7, 1913.

Division No. 16, Saskatchewan
Division No. 16 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the north-central part of the province. The most populous community in this division is North Battleford.