hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapelfield well mass grave
A mass grave, highly probable to have been created during the historically attested episode of antisemitic violence in Norwich on 6 February 1190 CE, existed in a medieval well in the Chapelfield area of the city underneath what is now the Chantry Place shopping centre. It contained seventeen individuals, of which eleven were children. At least five of the individuals were related to each other, and all of these related individuals were most likely Ashkenazi Jews.

The well was discovered in September 2004 during excavation of the area for the shopping centre, and an investigation took place in 2011. The bones were reburied in Earlham Road Cemetery in 2013. The results of further DNA sequencing and analysis of six of the individuals were published in 2022.

Chantry Place
Chantry Place, formerly Intu Chapelfield and before that Chapelfield, is a shopping centre in Norwich city centre, on a site previously occupied by the Caleys (later Rowntree Mackintosh and Nestlé) chocolate factory.

As Chapelfield, the centre opened in 2005. It adopted Intu branding in 2013 following the renaming of its parent Capital Shopping Centres to become Intu Properties in line with most of the company's centres. Intu entered administration in June 2020 and Chapelfield transferred to new ownership in October that year, being renamed Chantry Place.
Levon Zekiyan
Boghos Lévon Zékiyan (Armenian: Պօղոս-Լեւոն Զէքիեան; born 21 October 1943 in Istanbul) is an Armenologist, philosopher, Professor of Armenian Language and Literature at Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Pontifical Oriental Institute of Rome and Istanbul University, a member of the Academy of Venice, Foreign member of Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Corresponding member of the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (1992). He is the Armenian Catholic Archeparch of Istanbul. Zekiyan is the Founding President of the Associazione "Padus-Araxes", the director of Summer Intensive Course of the Armenian Language and Culture at the University of Venice (since 1986), and former editor of Hye Endanik (1974–82) and Bazmavep (1980-1985) periodicals.

Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Istanbul
The Armenian Catholic Archeparchy of Istanbul, also known as Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Constantinople, serves Armenian Catholics in Turkey and is under the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia. Its cathedral is St. Mary of Sakızağaç Cathedral in Istanbul.
Elizabeth Kee
Maude Elizabeth Kee (née Simpkins; June 7, 1895 – February 15, 1975), known generally as Elizabeth Kee, was a U.S. Democratic politician. She was the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from West Virginia, serving from 1951 to 1965. Kee specialized in veterans' and unemployment issues during her congressional career.

Bluefield, West Virginia
Bluefield is a city in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. Its population was 9,658 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Bluefield micropolitan area extending into Virginia, which had a population of 106,363 in 2020. The city is home to Bluefield State University, a public, historically black university serving nearly 1,300 students.
Alton, Illinois
Alton (/ˈɔːltən/ AWL-tən) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about 18 miles (29 km) north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area.

It is well known for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city. It's the former location of an historical state penitentiary, and played a significant role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.

Piasa
The Piasa (/ˈpaɪ.əsɔː/ PY-ə-saw) or Piasa Bird is a creature from Native American mythology depicted in one of two murals painted by Native Americans on cliffsides above the Mississippi River. Its original location was at the end of a chain of limestone bluffs in Madison County, Illinois, at present-day Alton, Illinois.  The original Piasa illustration no longer exists; a newer 20th-century version, based partly on 19th-century sketches and lithographs, has been placed on a bluff in Alton, Illinois, several hundred yards upstream from its origin. The limestone rock quality is unsuited for holding an image, and the painting must be regularly restored.  The original site of the painting was on lithographic limestone, which was quarried away in the late 1870s by the Mississippi Lime Company.
Albert O. Hirschman
Albert Otto Hirschman (born Otto Albert Hirschmann; April 7, 1915 – December 10, 2012) was an American economist. He was the author of several influential books on development economics, political economy, and political ideology including The Strategy of Economic Development (1958), Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970), The Passions and the Interests (1977), and The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). He was a founding figure in the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study and an influential economic advisor to Latin American leaders. In World War II, he played a key role in rescuing refugees from occupied France with the Emergency Rescue Committee.

Hiding hand principle
The hiding hand principle is a theory that offers a framework to examine how ignorance (particularly concerning future obstacles when a person first decides to take on a project) intersects with rational choice to undertake a project; the intersection is seen to provoke creative success over the obstacles through the deduction that it is too late to abandon the project. The term was coined by economist Albert O. Hirschman.

Writing in The New Yorker, Malcolm Gladwell brought the concept to life, retelling the story of the construction of a railway tunnel through Hoosac Mountain in northwestern Massachusetts. Construction proved much harder than anticipated, but eventually was completed, with positive results. Gladwell was reviewing the book, "Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of Albert O. Hirschman," by Jeremy Adelman.
Balon's ruffe
Balon's ruffe (Gymnocephalus baloni), also known as the Danube ruffe, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a ruffe, from the family Percidae which is native to the drainages of the Danube from delta to Germany and the Dnieper from delta to Kyiv and is expected to occur in the Dniester.  It inhabits areas with sand or mud substrates.  It is active at night and feeds on small invertebrates.  This species can reach a length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in) SL.  It is named after Polish-Canadian ichthyologist Eugene K. Balon (1930–2013).

Gymnocephalus
Gymnocephalus is a genus of ray-finned fishes from the family Percidae, which includes the perches, pike-perches and darters. They are from the Western Palearctic area, although one species, Gymnocephalus cernua has been accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes region where it is regarded as an invasive species. They have the common name "ruffe" and resemble the true perches in the genus Perca, but are usually smaller and have a different pattern.
Iono-sama Fanatics
Iono-sama Fanatics (いおの様ファナティクス, Iono-sama Fanatikusu; translated by the author as Iono the Fanatics) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by  Miyabi Fujieda. The manga was serialized between the first and last issues of the now-defunct Dengeki Teioh, a special edition version of Dengeki Daioh, from April 26, 2004, until November 26, 2006, and was published by MediaWorks. The series contains twelve chapters released in two bound volumes originally published under MediaWorks Dengeki Comics EX label. The manga has been licensed for English language distribution by Infinity Studios. The first volume in English was published on June 15, 2007, but the series was canceled before volume two was released.

Dengeki Comics
Dengeki Comics (電撃コミックス, Dengeki Komikkusu) is a manga publishing label affiliated with the Japanese publishing company ASCII Media Works (formerly MediaWorks) and is aimed at a male audience. Aside from the main Dengeki Comics label, there is the related Dengeki Comics EX label, which was launched in 1992, and the Dengeki Comics NEXT label, which was launched in 2013. A large amount of the manga published under Dengeki Comics was originally serialized in the manga magazine Dengeki Daioh.
Mediolabrus comicus
Mediolabrus comicus, known previously as Minidiscus comicus, is a species of nanophytoplanktonic centric diatoms within the family Thalassiosiraceae. Its cells have diameters as small as 1.9 μm, which makes M. comicus one of the smallest known diatoms and brings it near to the theoretical lower size limit for photosynthetic eukaryotes.

Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosiraceae is a family of diatoms in the order Thalassiosirales. The family of Thalassiosiraceae have the unique quality of having a flat valve face. These diatoms are common in brackish, nearshore, and open-ocean habitats, with approximately the same number of freshwater and marine species.
Carnforth railway station
Carnforth is a railway station on the Bentham and Furness Lines, sited 6 miles (10 km) north of Lancaster, England; it serves the market town of Carnforth, in Lancashire, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.

Carnforth MPD
Carnforth MPD (Motive Power Depot) is a former London Midland and Scottish Railway railway depot located in the town of Carnforth, Lancashire, England.

Completed in 1944 on the site of the former Furness Railway depot, its late construction in the steam locomotive age resulted in its long-term use and conservation by British Railways. Targeted as part of a preservation scheme, when this failed it was developed as major visitor attraction Steamtown Carnforth. Today, closed as a museum, it acts as the major national operational base of West Coast Railways.
Hurnville, Texas
Hurnville is an unincorporated community in Clay County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 15 in 2000. It is located within the Wichita Falls metropolitan area.

Wichita Falls metropolitan area
The Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area is a metropolitan area in North Texas that covers three counties – Archer, Clay, and Wichita. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 151,306 (though a July 1, 2011 estimate placed the population at 150,261).
POUM
The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Spanish: Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM; Catalan: Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista, POUM) was a Spanish communist party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War. It was formed by the fusion of the Trotskyist Communist Left of Spain (Izquierda Comunista de España, ICE) and the Workers and Peasants' Bloc (BOC, affiliated with the Right Opposition) against the will of Leon Trotsky, with whom the former broke.

Independent Labour Party
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893 at a conference in Bradford, after local and national dissatisfaction with the Liberals' apparent reluctance to endorse working-class candidates. A sitting independent MP and prominent union organiser, Keir Hardie, became its first chairman.

The party played a key role in the formation of the Labour Representation Committee, to which ILP members Hardie and Ramsay MacDonald were delegates at its foundation in 1900. The committee was renamed the Labour Party in 1906, and the ILP remained affiliated until 1932. In 1947, the organisation's three parliamentary representatives defected to the Labour Party, and the organisation joined Labour as Independent Labour Publications in 1975.
The Tar-Aiym Krang
The Tar-Aiym Krang (1972) is a science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster. It is Foster's first published novel and started both his Humanx Commonwealth universe and his two most popular recurring characters, Pip and Philip Lynx ("Flinx"). The book is second chronologically in the Pip and Flinx series.

The story follows Flinx, an orphan and a thief, as he loots a starmap from a dead body, that leads to a strange alien artifact on an abandoned world. This simple, chance adventure is the beginning of Flinx's quest to discover the identities of his parents and the source of his strange mental abilities.

Humanx Commonwealth
The Humanx Commonwealth is a fictional interstellar ethical/political entity featured in the science fiction novels of Alan Dean Foster. The Commonwealth takes its name from its two major sapient species, who jointly inhabit Commonwealth planets and administer both the political and religious/ethical aspects. They are the humans of the planet Earth and the insectoid Thranx who dwell upon Hivehom.  The Commonwealth is described as a progressive, well-intentioned liberal democracy spanning many star systems, and is somewhat similar to the United Federation of Planets from Star Trek.  The Humanx Commonwealth is notable for its portrayal of a human–alien relationship that is not just mutually beneficial but symbiotic, allowing an amalgamation of the two species.
VERA passive sensor
The VERA passive surveillance ESM system (known as Věra in Czech) is an electronic support measures (ESM) system that uses measurements of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters. The system is manufactured by ERA a.s., based in Pardubice.

Tamara passive sensor
Tamara was the third generation Czechoslovak electronic support measures (ESM) system that used measurements of time difference of arrival (TDOA) of pulses at three or four sites to accurately detect and track airborne emitters by multilateration. Tamara's designations were KRTP-86 and KRTP-91 and it carried the NATO reporting name of Trash Can. The designation was derived from the Czech phrase "Komplet Radiotechnického Průzkumu" meaning "Radiotechnical Reconnaissance Set". It was claimed to be the only one in the world able to detect military "invisible aircraft".
Wasungen
Wasungen (German pronunciation: [ˈvaːzʊŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Werra, 11 km north of Meiningen. The former municipalities Hümpfershausen, Metzels, Oepfershausen, Unterkatz and Wahns were merged into Wasungen in January 2019.

The Pfaffenburg was built in 1378 and reconstructed in 1974.

Meiningen
Meiningen (German: [ˈmaɪnɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the southern part of the German state of Thuringia. It is located in the region of Franconia and has a population of around 26,000 (2024). Meiningen is the capital and the largest town of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district. From 1680 to 1918, Meiningen was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen and from 1918 to 1920 of the Free State of Saxe-Meiningen.

Meiningen is considered the cultural, judicial and financial centre of southern Thuringia and thus hosts the state theatre, justice center, state archives, bank buildings and many museums. It is economically reliant on mechanical engineering, high-tech industry and tourism. The dialect and language of the inhabitants is East Franconian.
Cretonne
Cretonne was originally a strong, white fabric with a hempen warp and linen weft.

The word is sometimes said to be derived from Créton, a village in Mesnils-sur-Iton (Eure, Upper Normandy) where the manufacture of linen was carried on; some other serious sources mention that the cretonne was invented by Paul Creton, an inhabitant of Vimoutiers in the Pays d'Auge, Lower Normandy, France, a village very active in the textile industry in the past centuries.

The word is now applied to a strong, printed cotton cloth, which is stouter than chintz but used for very much the same purposes. It is usually unglazed and may be printed on both sides and even with different patterns. Frequently cretonne has a fancy woven pattern of some kind which is modified by the printed design. It is sometimes made with a weft of cotton waste.

Chintz
Chintz (/tʃɪnts/) is a woodblock printed, painted, stained or glazed calico textile that originated in Golconda (present day Hyderabad, India) in the 16th century. The cloth is printed with designs featuring flowers and other patterns in different colours, typically on a light, plain background.
Bernstorff Fjord
Bernstorff Fjord (Danish: Bernstorff Isfjord; Greenlandic: Kangertittivaq) is a fjord in King Frederick VI Coast, eastern Greenland.

Administratively it is part of the Sermersooq municipality. The fjord was named after Danish statesman Andreas Peter Bernstorff. This fjord is almost always blocked by heavy ice.

King Frederick VI Coast
King Frederick VI Coast (Danish: Kong Frederik VI Kyst) is a major geographic division of Greenland. It comprises the coastal area of Southeastern Greenland in Sermersooq and Kujalleq municipalities fronting the Irminger Sea of the North Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by King Christian IX Land on the north and the Greenland Ice Sheet to the west.

Named after King Frederick VI of Denmark-Norway, the coast stretches for about 590 km (370 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. It is characterized by a succession of short fjords, steep mountains and small coastal islands. There is a narrow belt of ice-free land between the shore and the Inland ice cap, interrupted by active glaciers reaching the shore with the ice limit varying seasonally from year to year. Owing to the movement of pack ice carried by the East Greenland Current and frequent gale-force winds that sweep down from the Greenland ice cap, it is mostly very difficult to approach or navigate along the coast by ship.
Darnhall Mains
Darnhall Mains is a farm and settlement off the A703, near Eddleston and the Eddleston Water in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the former Peeblesshire.

Nearby is a tower house with alternative names: Darnhall, Darn Hall, Black Barony or Barony Castle. It is now the Barony Castle Hotel.

Eddleston
Eddleston (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Ghille Mhoire) is a small village and civil parish in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland. It lies 4 miles (6.4 km) north of Peebles and 9 miles (14 km) south of Penicuik on the A703, which passes through the centre of the village. Nearby is the Great Polish Map of Scotland, a large terrain map. The Eddleston Water runs through the village.

According to the 2001 census, there were 129 households, with a population of 335 people, 47% male and 53% female. Eddleston contains a few farms outside of the village centre. Barony Castle (also known by its earlier name of Black Barony), in the village, dates back to the 16th century, and was the property of the Murray Baronets, as was nearby Cringletie, which is now a hotel.
Myxarium
Myxarium is a genus of fungi in the family Hyaloriaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are gelatinous and effused or pustular. The genus is cosmopolitan. All species grow on dead wood or dead herbaceous stems.

Hyaloriaceae
The Hyaloriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia and, as such, were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi". All appear to be saprotrophic, growing on dead wood or plant remains. Less than 30 species are currently included within the Hyaloriaceae, but the family has not been extensively researched.
Loreley (Verbandsgemeinde)
Loreley is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was historically part of the Duchy of Nassau, a sovereign state until 1866, and is currently located in the Nassau Nature Park. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, adjacent to the Nassau district and approx. 25 km southeast of Koblenz. Its seat is in Sankt Goarshausen. It was named after the Loreley Rock. On 1 July 2012, it merged with the former Verbandsgemeinde Braubach. Initially, the new Verbandsgemeinde was named "Braubach-Loreley", but it was renamed "Loreley" on 1 December 2012.

The Verbandsgemeinde Loreley consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Braubach (Verbandsgemeinde)
Braubach is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat was in Braubach. On 1 July 2012, it merged with the Verbandsgemeinde Loreley.

The Verbandsgemeinde Braubach consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):

Braubach

Dachsenhausen

Filsen

Kamp-Bornhofen

Osterspai

50°16′01″N 7°39′00″E﻿ / ﻿50.267°N 7.650°E﻿ / 50.267; 7.650
Saint Paul City Conference
The Saint Paul City Conference is the athletic conference for seven high schools in the city of Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.  Much like the divisions in professional sports, the Saint Paul City Conference is one of many in the state that divides schools in close proximity into different conferences. It is the second oldest conference in the state behind the Minneapolis City Conference. The conference officially began on Friday, October 28, 1898 when Central High School and Mechanic Arts High School played the first football game between the schools.

Cretin-Derham Hall High School
Cretin-Derham Hall High School (CDH) is a private, co-educational Catholic high school in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Operated by the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, it is co-sponsored by the Brothers of the Christian Schools and the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet.

Cretin High School was named for Joseph Crétin, the first Catholic bishop of Saint Paul, while Derham Hall High School was named for Hugh Derham, a Minnesota farmer who donated money to start an all-female Catholic boarding school.
Mombarcaro
Mombarcaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) east of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 319 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).

Mombarcaro borders the following municipalities: Camerana, Gorzegno, Monesiglio, Murazzano, Niella Belbo, Paroldo, Prunetto, Sale San Giovanni, and San Benedetto Belbo.

Niella Belbo
Niella Belbo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 424 and an area of 11.5 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

Niella Belbo borders the following municipalities: Bossolasco, Feisoglio, Gorzegno, Mombarcaro, and San Benedetto Belbo.
Miyako Island
Miyako Island (Japanese: 宮古島, Hepburn: Miyako-jima; Miyako: Myaaku (ミャーク); Okinawan: Naaku (ナーク)) is the largest and the most populous island among the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Miyako Island is administered as part of the City of Miyako Island, which includes not only Miyako Island, but also five other islands.

Miyako Islands
The Miyako Islands (宮古列島, Miyako-rettō; Miyako: Myaaku, Tarama dialect: Meeku, Okinawan: Naaku, Northern Ryukyuan: みやこ Miyako) (also Miyako Jima group) are a group of islands in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, belonging to the Ryukyu Islands. They are situated between Okinawa Island and the Yaeyama Islands.

In the early 1870s, the population of the islands was estimated to number approximately 10,000. Miyako Island has 55,914 people. A bridge connects Miyako Island to Ikema Island, which has 801 people. Tarama village has 1,214 people, between the two islands of Minna and Tarama.