hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Surrey Lake Summit
Surrey Lake Summit (el. 1,444 m or 4,738 ft), formerly known as Clapperton Creek Summit, is a highway summit in British Columbia, Canada. It is the highest point on British Columbia Highway 5, and is located between Merritt and Kamloops, near kilometre-post 322.

British Columbia Highway 5
Highway 5 is a 543-kilometre (337 mi) north–south route in southern British Columbia, Canada. Highway 5 connects the southern Trans-Canada route (Highway 1) with the northern Trans-Canada/Yellowhead route (Highway 16), providing the shortest land connection between Vancouver and Edmonton. Despite the entire route being signed as part of the Yellowhead Highway, the portion of Highway 5 south of Kamloops is also known as the Coquihalla Highway, while the northern portion is known as the Southern Yellowhead Highway. The Coquihalla section was a toll road until 2008.

Although the Yellowhead Highway system is considered part of the Trans-Canada Highway, Highway 5 is not represented with a Trans-Canada marker. Regardless, Highway 5 is designated as a core route of Canada's National Highway System (NHS).
Meaux
Meaux (French pronunciation: [mo] ⓘ) is a commune on the river Marne in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is 41.1 km (25.5 mi) east-northeast of the centre of Paris.

Meaux is, with Provins, Torcy and Fontainebleau, one of the four subprefectures (sous-préfectures) of the department of Seine-et-Marne, Melun being the prefecture. In France a subprefecture is the chef-lieu (the seat or administrative capital) of an arrondissement: Meaux is the subprefecture of the arrondissement of Meaux. It is also the chef-lieu of a smaller administrative division: the canton of Meaux. Finally, since its creation in 2003, Meaux has been the centre and the main town of an agglomeration community, the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Meaux.

Brie
Brie (/briː/ bree; French: [bʁi] ⓘ) is a soft cow's-milk cheese named after Brie (itself from Gaulish briga, "hill, height"), the French region from which it originated (roughly corresponding to the modern département of Seine-et-Marne). It is pale in colour with a slight greyish tinge under a rind of white mould. The rind is typically eaten, with its flavour depending largely upon the ingredients used and its manufacturing environment.  It is similar to Camembert, which is native to a different region of France.  Brie typically contains between 60% and 75% butterfat, slightly higher than Camembert.

"Brie" is a style of cheese, and is not in itself a protected name, although some regional bries are protected.

Some of the flavour notes that are commonly found when eating Brie are: creamy, nutty, mushroom-like, and slightly-acidic.
Glinkovsky District
Glinkovsky District (Russian: Гли́нковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It lies in the center of the oblast and borders with Dorogobuzhsky District in the northeast, Yelninsky District in the southeast, Pochinkovsky District in the southwest, and with Kardymovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,225.74 square kilometers (473.26 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Glinka. Population: 4,948 (2010 Census);  6,149 (2002 census); 7,866 (1989 Soviet census).

The population of Glinka accounts for 39.3% of the district's total population.
The settlement which became Glinka dates from 1898.
On 1 June 1907 the railway station was renamed Glinka in honour of the composer Mikhail Glinka
(died February 1857).

Yelninsky District
Yelninsky District (Russian: Ельнинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-five in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the oblast and borders with Dorogobuzhsky District in the north, Ugransky District in the east, Spas-Demensky District of Kaluga Oblast in the southeast, Roslavlsky District in the south, Pochinkovsky District in the west, and with Glinkovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,808.15 square kilometers (698.13 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Yelnya. Population: 14,948 (2010 Census);  17,457 (2002 Census); 19,699 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Yelnya accounts for 67.5% of the district's total population.
Sacred Heart University
Sacred Heart University (SHU) is a private Catholic university in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1963 by Walter W. Curtis, Bishop of the Diocese of Bridgeport, Connecticut. Sacred Heart was the first Catholic university in the United States to be staffed by the laity.

Sacred Heart is the second-largest Catholic university in New England, behind Boston College. It offers more than 80 degree programs to over 8,500 students at the bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels.

Diocese of Bridgeport
The Diocese of Bridgeport (Latin: Dioecesis Bridgeportensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church located in the southwestern part of the state of Connecticut in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Hartford. It includes all of Fairfield County, Connecticut. Its cathedral is St. Augustine Cathedral in Bridgeport. The bishop is Frank Caggiano.
Ingestion
Ingestion  is the consumption of a substance by an organism. In animals, it normally is accomplished by taking in a substance through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract, such as through eating or drinking. In single-celled organisms, ingestion takes place by absorbing a substance through the cell membrane.

Besides nutritional items, substances that may be ingested include medication (where ingestion is termed oral administration), recreational drugs, and substances considered inedible, such as foreign bodies or excrement. Ingestion is a common route taken by pathogenic organisms and poisons entering the body.

Ingestion can also refer to a mechanism picking up something and making it enter an internal hollow of that mechanism, e.g. "a grille was fitted to prevent the pump from ingesting driftwood".

Mouth
A mouth, also referred to as the oral, is the body orifice through which many animals ingest food and vocalize. The body cavity immediately behind the mouth opening, known as the oral cavity (or cavum oris in Latin), is also the first part of the alimentary canal, which leads to the pharynx and the gullet. In tetrapod vertebrates, the mouth is bounded on the outside by the lips and cheeks — thus the oral cavity is also known as the buccal cavity (from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek") — and contains the tongue on the inside. Except for some groups like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.

Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes.
Geological Survey of Sweden
not to be confused with the Geologiska föreningen (Swedish: Geologiska föreningen)

Geological Survey of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges geologiska undersökning, SGU) is a Swedish government agency that was founded by Axel Erdmann in 1858, that supervises all mineral deposits activities (surveys and extractions) in Sweden, and further the development of knowledge in the field of geology. The institution also has the right to issue instructions regarding groundwater administration in Sweden.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
Richard Yuricich
Richard Yuricich (born December 1942) is a special visual effects artist. He is the brother of Matthew Yuricich, also a special effects artist. Yuricich is of Croatian descent. His father emigrated to America from his native Josipdol in Lika. He has been nominated for an Academy Award three times.

Douglas Trumbull
Douglas Hunt Trumbull (/ˈtrʌmbəl/; April 8, 1942 – February 7, 2022) was an American film director and visual effects supervisor, who pioneered innovative methods in special effects. He created scenes for 2001: A Space Odyssey, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Blade Runner and The Tree of Life, and directed the movies Silent Running and Brainstorm.
Stephanie Strickland
Stephanie Strickland (born February 22, 1942) is a poet living in New York City. She has published ten volumes of print poetry and co-authored twelve digital poems. Her files and papers are being collected by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book And Manuscript Library at Duke University.

Nick Montfort
Nick Montfort is an American computer scientist and poet who is a professor of digital media at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he directs a lab called The Trope Tank. He also holds a part-time position at the University of Bergen where he leads a node on computational narrative systems at the Center for Digital Narrative. Among his publications are seven books of computer-generated literature and six books from the MIT Press, several of which are collaborations. His work also includes digital projects, many of them in the form of short programs. He lives in New York City.
Mount Zion One Room School
The Mt. Zion One Room School is a historic U.S. school until November 2015 located at Ironshire Street at intersection with Church Street, Snow Hill, Maryland when it was moved by the Worcester County Historical Society to the Furnace Town Living Heritage Museum located on Old Furnace Road off Route 12, 5 miles North of Snow Hill, Maryland.  The community used this one room school until 1931.

Snow Hill, Maryland
Snow Hill is a town serving as the county seat of Worcester County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,156 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Sunnyvale High School (California)
Sunnyvale High School was the second public high school in the city of Sunnyvale, California. Opened in January 1956 as part of the Fremont Union High School District, it was closed in 1981. In a nod to the nearby NAS Moffett Field, SHS adopted the Jets as its school mascot, and their fight song was to the tune of the U.S. Air Force song. Since 1991, the former SHS campus at 562 N. Britton Ave. has been home to The King's Academy, a Christian middle/high school.

The King's Academy (California)
The King's Academy is a private, Christian elementary, junior high, and senior high school in Sunnyvale, California, United States. It is a member of the Association of Christian Schools International and the 
Western Association of Schools and Colleges. It was founded in 1991 and is housed on the former campus of Sunnyvale High School.
Marc Anthony
Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), known by the stage name Marc Anthony, is an American singer and actor. He is the top selling salsa artist of all time. A four-time Grammy Award, eight-time Latin Grammy Award and twenty-nine-time Lo Nuestro Awards winner (the most of any male). As of 2014, he had sold more than 12 million albums worldwide.

Known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony's achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Lifetime Achievement Award. He also received the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16, 2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts. He is also the artist with the most number one songs on the Billboard Latin Tropical Airplay chart with 32 songs.

Marc Anthony (album)
Marc Anthony is the fourth studio album overall and first English album by American singer Marc Anthony. It was released on September 14, 1999, by Columbia. The album debuted in the top 10 on the US Billboard 200 and has since gone 3× Platinum in the United States. This was Anthony's first English album since his 1991 effort, When the Night Is Over, in which he recorded with Little Louie Vega. It sold more than 4 million copies worldwide.
Tiverton and Honiton
Tiverton and Honiton was a constituency in Devon, England. From its creation in 1997 until a 2022 by-election, the seat was represented by members of the Conservative Party. It was then held by Richard Foord of the Liberal Democrats until its abolition.

Following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished, with the majority, including the towns of Axminster, Cullompton, Honiton and Seaton, being included in the new constituency of Honiton and Sidmouth, which was first contested at the 2024 general election. The town of Tiverton and surrounding rural areas were transferred to the new cross-county boundary seat of Tiverton and Minehead.

Tiverton and Minehead
Tiverton and Minehead is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election. Its first MP is Liberal Democrat Rachel Gilmour, who defeated Ian Liddell-Grainger, the Conservative MP for Bridgwater then Bridgwater and West Somerset from 2001 to 2024.

The constituency is named after the Devon town of Tiverton and the Somerset town of Minehead.
Temporal logic
In logic, temporal logic is any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time (for example, "I am always hungry", "I will eventually be hungry", or "I will be hungry until I eat something"). It is sometimes also used to refer to tense logic, a modal logic-based system of temporal logic introduced by Arthur Prior in the late 1950s, with important contributions by Hans Kamp. It has been further developed by computer scientists, notably Amir Pnueli, and logicians.

Temporal logic has found an important application in formal verification, where it is used to state requirements of hardware or software systems. For instance, one may wish to say that whenever a request is made, access to a resource is eventually granted, but it is never granted to two requestors simultaneously. Such a statement can conveniently be expressed in a temporal logic.

Property Specification Language
Property Specification Language (PSL) is a temporal logic extending linear temporal logic with a range of operators for both ease of expression and enhancement of expressive power. PSL makes an extensive use of regular expressions and syntactic sugaring. It is widely used in the hardware design and verification industry, where formal verification tools (such as model checking) and/or  logic simulation tools are used to prove or refute that a given PSL formula holds on a given design.

PSL was initially developed by Accellera for specifying properties or assertions about hardware designs. Since September 2004 the standardization on the language has been done in IEEE 1850 working group. In September 2005, the IEEE 1850 Standard for Property Specification Language (PSL) was announced.
Félix Taunay, Baron of Taunay
Félix Émile Taunay, Baron of Taunay (March 1, 1795 – April 10, 1881), was a French Brazilian painter, and drawing and Greek teacher. He was the father of famous writer and politician Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, the Viscount of Taunay.

Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay
Alfredo Maria Adriano d'Escragnolle Taunay, Viscount of Taunay (22 February 1843 – 25 January 1899), was a Brazilian writer, musician, professor, military engineer, historian, politician, sociologist and nobleman. He is famous for the regionalist novel Inocência, considered a major forerunner of naturalism in Brazil, and for A Retirada da Laguna (1874; originally written in 1872 in French as Le retraite de Laguna), an account of an episode in the Paraguayan War. The Brazilianist Leslie Bethell has described it as "the one undoubted literary masterpiece produced by the Paraguayan War".

He founded and occupied the 13th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1897 until his death in 1899.
Why Russia Is Not America
Why Russia is not America (Russian: Почему Россия не Америка) is a book by Andrei Parshev, a Russian writer and former colonel of the Russian Federal Border Service. It was published in 1999.

The work is dedicated to proving that due to the peculiarities of Russia (harsh climate and long distances), the applied liberal model of market reforms is unsuitable for the country, and their continuation will lead to the extinction of a significant part of the population and the collapse of the country. According to Parshev, he wanted to name his work “The book for those who stay here”, but the publisher insisted on the current title.

The authors of the book The Siberian Curse Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy highly praised the book by Parshev and his description of the shortcomings of the cold climate. However, they think he is mistaken in this main conclusion that the Russian cold is a defining characteristic of the country’s economy.

The Siberian Curse
The Siberian Curse: How Communist Planners Left Russia Out in the Cold is a book written by Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy, two political scientists and fellows of the Brookings Institution in 2003.

In the book they propose the thesis that Siberia, while one of the most resource-abundant regions in the world, is too big and harsh to be populated and industrialized on an economically rational basis. Consequently, since the collapse of the USSR, which planned and subsidized Siberian towns, a westward exodus to the urban European part of Russia is occurring. The large territory, they state, is not one of the greatest sources of strength of Russia, but one of its greatest weaknesses.
Climb Dance
Climb Dance is a cinéma vérité short film, which features Finnish rally driver Ari Vatanen setting a record time in the highly modified four-wheel drive, all-wheel steering Peugeot 405 Turbo 16 at the 1988 Pikes Peak International Hillclimb in Colorado, United States. The film was produced by Peugeot and directed by Jean Louis Mourey. The record time set was 10:47.77.

In 2013, Peugeot commissioned a remastered HD version of the film in celebration of their entry in the 2013 Pikes Peak International Hill Climb with multiple WRC champion Sébastien Loeb.

Pikes Peak International Hill Climb
The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC), also known as The Race to the Clouds, is an annual automobile hillclimb to the summit of Pikes Peak in the U.S. state of Colorado. The track measures 12.42 miles (19.99 km) and has over 156 turns, climbing 4,720 ft (1,440 m) from the start at mile 7 on Pikes Peak Highway, to the finish at 14,115 ft (4,302 m), on grades averaging 7.2%. It used to consist of both gravel and paved sections, but as of August 2011, the highway is fully paved; as a result, all subsequent events will be run on asphalt from start to finish.

The race is self-sanctioned and has taken place since 1916. It is currently contested by a variety of vehicle classes. The PPIHC operates as the Pikes Peak Auto Hill Climb Educational Museum to organize the annual motorsports event.
Aitareya Upanishad
The Aitareya Upanishad (Sanskrit: ऐतरेयोपनिषद्, IAST: Aitareyopaniṣad) is a Mukhya Upanishad, associated with the Rigveda.  It comprises the fourth, fifth and sixth chapters of the second book of Aitareya Aranyaka, which is one of the four layers of Rig vedic text.

Aitareya Upanishad discusses three philosophical themes: first, that the world and man is the creation of the Atman (Universal Self); second, the theory that the Atman undergoes threefold birth; third, that Consciousness is the essence of Atman.

Principal Upanishads
Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed between 800 BCE to the start of common era, these texts are connected to the Vedic tradition.
Grange Park railway station
Grange Park railway station is situated just off The Grangeway, Grange Park in the London Borough of Enfield, north London, in London fare zone 5. It is 8 miles 35 chains (8.44 miles, 13.58 km) down the line from London King's Cross on the Hertford Loop Line. The station and all trains serving it are operated by Great Northern. Although located on the original 1871 route between Wood Green (now known as Alexandra Palace) and Enfield, this station opened in 1910 at the same time as the line was extended northwards from Enfield to Cuffley.

Hertford Loop line
The Hertford Loop line (also known colloquially as the Hertford Loop) is a branch of the East Coast Main Line, part of the Northern City Line commuter route to London for Hertford and other Hertfordshire towns and an occasional diversion route for the main line. The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 8, SRS 08.03 and is classified as a London and South East Commuter line.
Leela and Ellie Grace
Leela and Ellie Grace are a duo of American singer/songwriters.  They are sisters, the daughters of Paul and Win Grace.  They perform a mixture of original compositions by both sisters, traditional folk and old time songs, and covers of songs by other contemporary folk songwriters.

Paul and Win Grace
Paul and Win Grace, now known as Paul Fotsch and Win Grace, were a married duo of American folk musicians and old-time musicians based in Columbia, Missouri, USA.  They released seven albums between 1984 and 2006 and toured extensively across North America. They performed with daughters Leela and Ellie Grace as The Grace Family until 1997. They also performed music of the Lewis and Clark voyage with Cathy Barton, Dave Para, and Bob Dyer, as the Discovery String Band.

The couple divorced in 2009. Paul continued to periodically perform as a solo artist until his untimely death on July 23, 2023. Win Grace plays accordion, guitar, autoharp, and piano. Paul Fotsch played fiddle, mandolin, guitar, and harmonica and had a warm, expressive singing voice.
Disc theorem
In the area of mathematics known as differential topology, the disc theorem of Palais (1960) states that two embeddings of a closed k-disc into a connected n-manifold are ambient isotopic provided that if k = n the two embeddings are equioriented.

The disc theorem implies that the connected sum of smooth oriented manifolds is well defined.

A different although related and similar named result is the disc embedding theorem proved by Freedman in 1982.

Connected sum
In mathematics, specifically in topology, the operation of connected sum is a geometric modification on manifolds. Its effect is to join two given manifolds together near a chosen point on each. This construction plays a key role in the classification of closed surfaces.

More generally, one can also join manifolds together along identical submanifolds; this generalization is often called the fiber sum.

There is also a closely related notion of a connected sum on knots, called the knot sum or composition of knots.