hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Japan National Route 105
National Route 105 (国道105号, Kokudō Hyaku gogō) is a national highway of Japan that traverses the prefecture of Akita in a southwest–northeast routing. It connects the city of Kitaakita in north-central Akita Prefecture and Yurihonjō on the prefecture's southwestern coast. It has a total length of 170.0 kilometers (105.6 mi).

Yurihonjō
Yurihonjō (由利本荘市, Yurihonjō-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 72,550 in 30,750 households, and a population density of 60 inhabitants per square kilometre (160/sq mi). The total area of the city is 1,209.59 square kilometres (467.03 sq mi).
Outside Chance
Outside Chance is a 1978 American TV film starring Yvette Mimieux, directed by Michael Miller. It is a radical reworking of Miller's 1976 film Jackson County Jail, which Mimieux had starred in; it contains 30 minutes of footage from the original film, blended with newly shot material. CBS had previously aired Jackson County Jail in prime time to respectable ratings, and Miller pitched the network on an alternate storyline for Mimieux's character, envisioning a potential series for her in the vein of The Fugitive. The film premiered on the network on Saturday, December 2, 1978.

Yvette Mimieux
Yvette Carmen Mimieux (January 8, 1942 – January 18, 2022) was an American film and television actress who was a major star of the 1960s and 1970s. Her breakout role was in The Time Machine (1960). She was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards during her career.
Cerritos High School
Cerritos High School, also called CHS, is a comprehensive, four-year public high school located in Cerritos, California, serving grades 9–12. It is part of the ABC Unified School District.

As of the 2014–15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 2,176 students and 86.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 25.2:1. There were 354 students (16.3% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 209 (9.6% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

ABC Unified School District
The ABC Unified School District is a school district that is based in Cerritos, California, United States.

ABCUSD serves the cities of Artesia, most of Cerritos, Hawaiian Gardens, the portion of Lakewood east of the San Gabriel River, as well as tiny portions of Long Beach, Norwalk, La Mirada, and Santa Fe Springs

"ABC" stands for Artesia (founded in 1875), Bloomfield (founded in 1885), and  Carmenita (founded in 1902), three districts which were unified in 1965.
Mutasiva
Mutasiva (Sinhala: මුටසීව, [muʈəsi:ʋə]) was ruler of the Kingdom of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura. He ruled from 367 BC to 307 BC. He had ten sons, some of whom were his successors such Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya, Mahasiva, Suratissa and Asela.  Mutasiva was the son of King Pandukabhaya.

The king reigned for sixty years, marking an unbroken era of peace in the country. During Mutasiva period the existence of the pearls off the coast of Ceylon was known to the people of the country, and they Also had knowledge of the pearls to divide them into eight different varieties and at this time mining of gems was conducted, His sole recorded accomplishment is the creation of Mahamevnāwa Park in Anuradhapura which is the most extensive and beautiful park in ancient Lanka also the first king to construct a park.

Mahasiva
Mahasiva (Sinhala:මහාසිව) was an early monarch of Sri Lanka of the kingdom of Anuradhapura, based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from 257 BC to 247 BC according to historical records. Mahasiva was one of the many sons of Mutasiva and also brother of monarchs Devanampiya Tissa, Uttiya and Asela.

Not much is known about him or his reign. He was noted to have given favor towards the monk Bhaddasala, building a temple in honor of him in the city of Anuradhapura.
Debin
Debin (Russian: Де́бин, IPA: [ˈdʲebʲɪn]) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Yagodninsky District of Magadan Oblast, Russia. Population:  721 (2010 census); 921 (2002 census); 2,387 (1989 Soviet census).

Kolyma (river)
The Kolyma (Russian: Колыма, IPA: [kəlɨˈma]; Yakut: Халыма, romanized: Xalıma) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.

The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
Buskerud and Vestfold University College
Buskerud and Vestfold University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Buskerud og Vestfold, HBV) was a regional university college with campuses in Drammen, Kongsberg, Hønefoss and Horten in the counties of Vestfold og Telemark and Viken, Norway.

It was created as a merger of Buskerud University College and Vestfold University College on 1 January 2014. It was the second-largest university college in Norway, measured in students, after Oslo and Akershus University College. From 2016 it merged with Telemark University College to form the University College of Southeast Norway.

Telemark University College
Telemark University College (TUC, Norwegian: Høgskolen i Telemark, HiT) was, until its merger, the fourth largest university college in Norway. The University College had about 7000 students, split between four locations in Bø, Notodden, Porsgrunn, Rauland and Drammen.
Giuseppe Valentini
Giuseppe Valentini (14 December 1681 – November 1753), nicknamed Straccioncino (Little Ragamuffin), was an Italian violinist, painter, poet, and composer, though he is known chiefly as a composer of inventive instrumental music.

He studied under Giovanni Bononcini in Rome between 1692 and 1697. From 1710 to 1727 he served as ‘Suonator di Violino, e Componitore di Musica’ to Prince Michelangelo Caetani. He also succeeded Arcangelo Corelli as director of the concertino at San Luigi dei Francesi, from 1710 to 1741.

Though during his lifetime overshadowed by the likes of Corelli, Vivaldi, and Locatelli, his contribution to Italian baroque music is noteworthy, and many of his works were published throughout Europe.

Arcangelo Corelli
Arcangelo Corelli (/kəˈrɛli/, also UK: /kɒˈ-/, US: /kɔːˈ-, koʊˈ-/; Italian: [arˈkandʒelo koˈrɛlli]; 17 February 1653 – 8 January 1713) was an Italian composer, musician,  and violinist of the middle Baroque era. His music was key in the development of the modern genres of sonata and concerto, in establishing the preeminence of the violin, and as the first coalescing of modern tonality and functional harmony.
Thomas Babington Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, PC, FRS, FRSE (/ˈbæbɪŋtən məˈkɔːli/; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was a British historian, poet and Whig politician who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster General between 1846 and 1848. He is best known for his The History of England, a seminal example of Whig history which expressed Macaulay's belief in the inevitability of sociopolitical progress and has been widely commended for its prose style. Macaulay also played a substantial role in determining India's education policy.

Paymaster General
His Majesty's Paymaster General or HM Paymaster General is a ministerial position in the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom. The position is currently held by Nick Thomas-Symonds of the Labour Party.
Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra
The Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra was written by Igor Stravinsky in Nice between 1926 and 1929. The score was revised in 1949.

Stravinsky designed the Capriccio to be a virtuosic vehicle which would allow him to earn a living from playing the piano part. The Capriccio, together with the Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments, belonged to a catalogue of breadwinning pieces which Stravinsky composed to support himself after fleeing the Russian Revolution to live in Western Europe.

Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments (Stravinsky)
The Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments was written by Igor Stravinsky in Paris in 1923–24. This work was revised in 1950.

It was composed four years after the Symphonies of Wind Instruments, which he wrote upon his arrival in Paris after his stay in Switzerland. These two compositions are from Stravinsky's neoclassical period, and represent a departure from the composer's previous Russian style, in which he produced works such as The Rite of Spring.

This concerto numbers among many works for piano written about the same time to be played by the composer himself. This is also true of Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra (1929), his Sonata of 1924 and his Serenade in A (1925). He kept the performance rights to himself for a number of years, wanting the engagements for playing this work for himself, as well as urgently desiring to keep "incompetent or Romantic hands" from "interpreting" the piece before undiscriminating audiences.
Leggett, California
Leggett (formerly Leggett Valley) is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located on the South Fork of the Eel River, 21 miles (34 km) by road northwest of Laytonville, at an elevation of 984 ft (300 m). It is home to some of the largest trees in the world. The nearby Smithe Redwoods State Natural Reserve and Standish-Hickey State Recreation Area are noted for their forests of coastal redwoods. The population of Leggett was 77 at the 2020 census, down from 122 at the 2010 census.

The community is served by California's State Route 1, whose northern terminus with U.S. Route 101 is just outside the center of town.

The town of Leggett includes a single gas station, United States Post Office, 1-12 school, a small grocery store, restaurant, full-service mechanic (ask a local), fire station and the Drive-Thru Tree.

The Leggett post office was dedicated in 1969.

Laytonville, California
Laytonville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located 23 miles (37 km) north-northwest of Willits, at an elevation of 1,670 feet (510 m). The population was 1,152 at the 2020 census, down from 1,227 at the 2010 census.
Moka Paginu Muvadu State
Moka Paginu Muvadu State (or Moka Pagina Muvadu, Moka Paginu Muwada ) was a minor princely state during the British Raj in what is today Gujarat State India. It was initially administered by the Rewa Kantha Agency and then by the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency. It was part of the 26 Princely States making up the Pandu Mehwas, petty states placed under British protection between 1812 and 1825.  The state had a population of 207 and an area of 1 sq mile.

Rewa Kantha Agency
Rewa Kantha was a political agency of British India, managing the relations (indirect rule) of the British government's Bombay Presidency with a collection of princely states. It stretched for about 150 miles between the plain of Gujarat and the hills of Malwa, from the Tapti River to the Mahi River crossing the Rewa (or Narmada) River, from which it takes its name.

The political agent, who was also District collector of the prant (British District) of the Panchmahal, resided at Godhra.
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian: Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as communist, Moldovenist, populist, Russophile, and pro-Soviet.

Affiliated with the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it is also a member of the Party of the European Left and the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.

In contrast to most like-minded left-wing and communist parties, especially in the Western world, the party has a conservative outlook on social issues, reflecting Voronin's views, the country's strong social conservatism, and the influence of the Moldovan Orthodox Church.

Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) is a federation of communist parties in the post-Soviet states founded in 1993.

Gennady Zyuganov has been the organisation's chairman since 2001. He replaced Oleg Shenin, who split off a part of the UCP–CPSU as the "Communist Party of the Soviet Union".
Frank Hornby
Frank Hornby (15 May 1863 – 21 September 1936) was an English inventor, businessman and politician. He was a visionary in toy development and manufacture, and although he had no formal engineering training, he was responsible for the invention and production of three of the most popular lines of toys based on engineering principles in the 20th century: Meccano, Hornby Model Railways and Dinky Toys. He also founded the British toy company Meccano Ltd in 1908, and launched a monthly publication, Meccano Magazine in 1916.

Hornby's inventions and initiatives made him a millionaire in the 1930s. He entered politics in 1931 when he was elected as a Conservative MP for the Everton constituency. Hornby's legacy has persisted long after his death with enthusiasts all over the world still building Meccano models and collecting his toys. The 150th anniversary of Hornby's birth was celebrated in Liverpool and Brighton on 15 May 2013.

Meccano Magazine
Meccano Magazine was an English monthly hobby magazine published by Meccano Ltd between 1916 and 1963, and by other publishers between 1963 and 1981. The magazine was initially created for Meccano builders, but it soon became a general hobby magazine aimed at "boys of all ages".
Lan Samantha Chang
Lan Samantha Chang (Chinese: 張嵐; pinyin: Zhāng Lán; born 1965) is an American novelist and short story writer. She is the author of the novel The Family Chao and short story collection Hunger. For her fiction, which explores Chinese American and Taiwanese American experiences, she is a recipient of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, the Berlin Prize, the PEN Open Book Award and the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award.

She is the Elizabeth M. Stanley Professor in the Arts at the University of Iowa and the Director of the Iowa Writers' Workshop since 2005. She is the first woman, and the first Asian American, to hold the position.

The Family Chao
The Family Chao is a 2022 novel by the American novelist Lan Samantha Chang, published by W. W. Norton.

It won the 2023 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Fiction. Barack Obama named it on his 2022 Summer Reading List.
Karaté Bushido
Karaté Bushido is a French magazine who publishes martial arts stories from around the world. The magazine was founded in 1974, a few months after the death of Bruce Lee. Karaté Bushido is the oldest magazine dedicated to martial arts in Europe and has been referred as the equivalent to Black Belt magazine in the United States. The magazine is also the organizer and founder of the world renowned Festival des Arts Martiaux since 1985.

Black Belt (magazine)
Black Belt is an American magazine covering martial arts and combat sports. The magazine is based in Hollywood, California, and is one of the oldest titles dedicated to martial arts in the United States.
Ventilation shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air.

In architecture, an airshaft, also known as a lightwell, is typically a small, vertical space within a tall building which permits ventilation of the building's interior spaces to the outside. The floor plan of a building with an airshaft is often described as a "square donut" shape. Alternatively, an airshaft may be formed between two adjacent buildings. Windows on the interior side of the donut allow air from the building to be exhausted into the shaft, and, depending on the height and width of the shaft, may also allow extra sunlight inside.

Lightwell
In architecture, a lightwell, sky-well, or air shaft is an unroofed or roofed external space provided within the volume of a large building to allow light and air to reach what would otherwise be a dark or unventilated area. Lightwells may be lined with glazed bricks to increase the reflection of sunlight within the space. Lightwells may have sunlight reflecting mirrors on the top of light well.

Lightwells serve to reduce the necessity for electric lighting, add a central space within the building, and provide an internal open space for windows to give an illusion of having a view outside.
Sedgwick County, Kansas
Sedgwick County is located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat is Wichita, the most populous city in the state.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 523,824, making it the second-most populous county in Kansas. The county was named after John Sedgwick, the highest ranking Union general killed during the American Civil War.

John Sedgwick
John Sedgwick (September 13, 1813 – May 9, 1864) was an American military officer who served as a Union Army general during the American Civil War.

He was wounded three times at the Battle of Antietam while leading his division in an unsuccessful assault against Confederate forces, causing him to miss the Battle of Fredericksburg. Under his command, the VI Corps played an important role in the Chancellorsville Campaign by engaging Confederate troops at the Second Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church. His corps was the last to arrive at the Battle of Gettysburg and thus did not see much action. Sedgwick was killed by a sharpshooter at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House on May 9, 1864, making him and Major Generals James B. McPherson, Joseph K. Mansfield, and John F. Reynolds the highest-ranking Union officers to be killed in the war. He is remembered for an ironic remark among his last words: "They couldn't hit an elephant at this distance."
My Son (2007 film)
My Son (Korean: 아들; RR: Adeul) is a 2007 South Korean film written and directed by Jang Jin, starring Cha Seung-won and Ryu Deok-hwan. For his performance, Cha won Best Actor at the 15th Chunsa Film Art Awards in 2007.

Alternate titles are A Day with My Son and One Day with My Son.

Cha Seung-won
Cha Seung-won (Korean: 차승원; born June 7, 1970) is a South Korean actor, who began his career as an in-demand fashion model in the 1990s. Cha achieved stardom through the hit comedy films Kick the Moon (2001), Jail Breakers (2002), My Teacher, Mr. Kim (2003), and Ghost House (2004). After proving his versatility in other genres, notably in the period thriller Blood Rain (2005) and the melodrama My Son (2007), Cha's popularity continued with the television series Bodyguard (2003), City Hall (2009), The Greatest Love (2011), A Korean Odyssey (2017), One Ordinary Day (2021) and Our Blues (2022).
Kissing Point, New South Wales
Kissing Point is a point on the Parramatta River about 2 km south of Ryde, located in the suburb of Putney.  Historically, the name referred to a much wider area than the current-day point; and perhaps originally to the point near Ryde Bridge where Settlers Park is now located.

Putney, New South Wales
Putney is a suburb of Northern Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located 11 kilometres (7 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district on the northern bank of the Parramatta River. Its local government area is the City of Ryde.
Benaam (1974 film)
Benaam  (lit. 'Nameless') is a 1974 Hindi-language crime thriller film directed and co-written by Narendra Bedi. The film stars Amitabh Bachchan, Moushumi Chatterjee and Prem Chopra. Madan Puri appears in a different role. The core plot loosely resembles Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956).

The film was remade in Kannada as Thirugu Baana with Ambarish and Aarati reprising the roles played by Amitabh Bachchan and Moushumi Chatterjee.

Moushumi Chatterjee
Moushumi Chatterjee (born Indira Chattopadhyay; 26 April 1954) is an Indian actress and politician known for her work in Hindi and Bengali cinema. She was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hindi films during the 1970s. She joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2019; she was previously a member of the Indian National Congress.
Natalie of Serbia
Natalija Obrenović (Serbian Cyrillic: Наталија Обреновић; 15 May 1859 – 8 May 1941), née Keshko (Romanian: Natalia Cheșcu; Russian: Наталья Кешко), known as Natalie of Serbia, was the Princess of Serbia from 1875 to 1882 and then Queen of Serbia from 1882 to 1889 as the wife of Milan I of Serbia, born in a old noble Moldavian family Kesco.

A celebrated beauty during her youth, she was later regarded as one of the most beautiful queens in Europe.

Alexander I of Serbia
Alexander I (Serbian Cyrillic: Александар Обреновић, romanized: Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 1876 – 11 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbian Army officers, led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević.
Rudolf Koch
Rudolf Koch (20 November 1876 – 9 April 1934) was a German type designer, professor, and a master of lettering, calligraphy, typography and illustration. Commonly known for his typefaces created for the Klingspor Type Foundry, his most widely used typefaces include Neuland and Kabel.

Kabel (typeface)
Kabel is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Rudolf Koch and released by the Klingspor foundry in 1927.

Kabel belongs to the "geometric" style of sans-serifs, which was becoming popular in Germany during its creation. Based loosely on the structure of the circle and straight lines, it nonetheless applies a number of unusual design decisions, such as a delicately-low x-height (although larger in the bold weight), a tilted 'e' and irregularly-angled terminals, to add delicacy and an irregularity that suggests stylish calligraphy of which Koch was an expert. A variety of rereleases and digitisations have been created.
Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence
In mathematics, Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence allows one to correspond a Lie group to a Lie algebra or vice versa, and study the conditions for such a relationship. Lie groups that are isomorphic to each other have Lie algebras that are isomorphic to each other, but the converse is not necessarily true. One obvious counterexample is  and  (see real coordinate space and the circle group respectively) which are non-isomorphic to each other as Lie groups but their Lie algebras are isomorphic to each other, being  with a trivial bracket. However, for simply connected Lie groups, the Lie group-Lie algebra correspondence is one-to-one.

In this article, a Lie group refers to a real Lie group. For the complex and p-adic cases, see complex Lie group and p-adic Lie group. In this article, manifolds (in particular Lie groups) are assumed to be second countable; in particular, they have at most countably many connected components.

Exponential map (Lie theory)
In the theory of Lie groups, the exponential map is a map from the Lie algebra  of a Lie group  to the group, which allows one to recapture the local group structure from the Lie algebra. The existence of the exponential map is one of the primary reasons that Lie algebras are a useful tool for studying Lie groups.

The ordinary exponential function of mathematical analysis is a special case of the exponential map when  is the multiplicative group of positive real numbers (whose Lie algebra is the additive group of all real numbers). The exponential map of a Lie group satisfies many properties analogous to those of the ordinary exponential function, however, it also differs in many important respects.