hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wálter Guevara
Wálter Guevara Arze (March 11, 1912 in Ayopaya Province, Cochabamba Department, Bolivia – June 20, 1996 in La Paz, Bolivia) was a Bolivian statesman, cabinet minister, writer, and diplomat, who served as the 54th president of Bolivia on an interim basis in 1979.

President of Bolivia
The president of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente de Bolivia), officially known as the president of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia and the captain general of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.

According to the Bolivian Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term and may serve a maximum of two terms. A strict and inviolable two-term limit is enshrined in the Bolivian Constitution. If no candidate wins a majority (defined as either more than 50%, or alternatively at least 40% and at least 10% more than the second-place candidate), the top two candidates advance to a runoff election.

Rodrigo Paz is the 68th and current president of Bolivia, having assumed office on 8 November 2025.
Shield wall
A shield wall is a military formation that was common in ancient and medieval warfare. There were many slight variations of this formation,
but the common factor was soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder and holding their shields so that they would abut or overlap. Each soldier thus benefited from the protection of the shields of his neighbors and his own.

Tactical formation
In  military-style operations, a tactical formation (or tactical order) is the arrangement or deployment of movable military  or policing forces such as infantry, cavalry, AFVs, military aircraft, or naval vessels.
Simplicial homotopy
In algebraic topology, a simplicial homotopy is an analog of a homotopy between topological spaces for simplicial sets. Precisely,pg 23 if

are maps between simplicial sets, a simplicial homotopy from f to g is a map

such that the restriction of  along  is  and the restriction along  is ; see . In particular,  and  for all x in X.

Using the adjunction

,

the simplicial homotopy  can also be thought of as a path in the simplicial set

A simplicial homotopy is in general not an equivalence relation. However, if  is a Kan complex (e.g., if  is a Kan complex), then a homotopy from  to  is an equivalence relation. Indeed, a Kan complex is an ∞-groupoid; i.e., every morphism (path) is invertible. Thus, if h is a homotopy from f to g, then the inverse of h is a homotopy from g to f, establishing that the relation is symmetric. The transitivity holds since a composition is possible.

Homotopy category of an ∞-category
In mathematics, especially category theory, the homotopy category of an ∞-category C is the category where the objects are those in C but the hom-set from x to y is the quotient of the set of morphisms from x to y in C by an appropriate equivalence relation.

If an ∞-category is defined as a weak Kan complex (usual definition), then the construction is due to Boardman and Vogt, who also gave the definition of an ∞-category as a weak Kan complex. In this case, the homotopy category of an ∞-category C is equivalent to , where  is a left adjoint of the nerve functor.

For example, the singular complex of a (reasonable) topological space X is a Kan complex and the homotopy category of it is the fundamental groupoid of X.
Karpf Point
Karpf Point (66°54′S 64°23′W﻿ / ﻿66.900°S 64.383°W﻿ / -66.900; -64.383) is a point along the north side of Mill Inlet, 3 nautical miles (6 km) south of Mount Vartdal, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) and photographed from the air by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition in 1947, and was named by the FIDS for Alois Karpf, librarian of the Kaiserliche and Konigliche Geographische Gesellschaft in Vienna and joint author of a polar bibliography.

Mount Vartdal
Mount Vartdal is a 1,505 m tall snow-capped peak surmounting and forming part of the plateau escarpment along the east coast of Graham Land. It is situated 4 nautical miles (7 km) northeast of Karpf Point on the north side of Mill Inlet. It was charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in 1947 and named for Hroar Vartdal, a Norwegian polar bibliographer. This feature was photographed from the air during 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE) under Ronne.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Vartdal". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

66°51′S 64°23′W﻿ / ﻿66.850°S 64.383°W﻿ / -66.850; -64.383
Kwangwoon University
Kwangwoon University (KWU; Korean: 광운대학교) is a comprehensive and private research university in Nowon-gu, Seoul, South Korea, offering undergraduate and graduate programs. Chosun Radio Training Center, the predecessor of Kwangwoon University, was the first institution to teach electronic engineering studies in Korea. The foundation is Kwangwoon Academy, an incorporated educational institution. As of 2019, there are 11,500 undergraduates and 1,292 graduate students.

Kwangwoon University has been recognized for its academic reputation in engineering and IT fields.
Kwangwoon University was ranked 56th in Asia in field of Engineering in the 2014 and 2015 by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS)
and ranked 16th in Korea in field of Science and Engineering in 2015 by Korea Economic Daily (한국경제신문)

Nowon District
Nowon District (Korean: 노원구; RR: Nowon-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea, located in the most northeastern part of the metropolitan city. It is considered to be a residental district, due to its high concentration of apartments and residental buildings. It has the highest population density in Seoul, with 619,509 people living in the area of 35.44 square kilometres (13.68 sq mi).
Frithsden
Frithsden /ˈfrɪzdən/ (locally pronounced 'Frizden') is a small hamlet in Hertfordshire, England. It sits in the Chiltern Hills, about two miles north of  the town of Berkhamsted, which it's part of. Administratively, it falls under the Dacorum district, specifically in the ward of Nettleden with Potten End.

The village name is derived from the wood le Fryth (me. frith »wood«). It is first mentioned 1291 as Frithesdene (»valley of the wood«).

West of the hamlet bordering to Ashridge Park are the Frithsden Beeches, a wood left to nature, with large beeches. Scenes for Sleepy Hollow, Jonathan Creek and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire have been filmed in this wood.

Frithsden, together with the neighbouring hamlets Nettleden and Potten End, is famous for its black cherries and the villagers hold in July their annual cherry fair. They also claim to have originated the Cherry Bounce and the Cherry Turnover. The village also had a winery, Frithsden Vineyard, but this closed in 2019.

Ashridge
Ashridge is a country estate and stately home in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Berkhamsted and 23 miles (37 km) north west of London. The estate comprises 5,000 acres (20 km2) of woodlands (known as Ashridge Forest), commons and chalk downland which supports a rich variety of wildlife.

Today, Ashridge is home to Hult Ashridge, Hult International Business School's executive education programme, as it has been since 1959. The estate is currently owned by the National Trust.
Dictyographa
Dictyographa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Opegraphaceae. It comprises three species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens. The genus was originally described by the Swiss scientist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1893, who distinguished it from related genera by its unique spore structure and interconnected filaments within its reproductive organs. Dictyographa lichens are characterised by their elongated, slit-like fruiting bodies and spores that are divided by both vertical and horizontal internal walls. The genus has been subject to taxonomic debate, with some researchers proposing to merge it with the related genus Opegrapha. However, genetic studies have since confirmed Dictyographa as a distinct evolutionary lineage. These lichens are found in various parts of the world, including Africa, the Middle East, and Hawaii, typically growing in coastal environments.

Opegraphaceae
Opegraphaceae is a family of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the order Arthoniales. It was originally proposed by German lichenologist Ernst Stizenberger in 1862. It fell into disuse, but was resurrected in a molecular phylogenetic study of the order Arthoniales published in 2010. It now includes taxa that were previously referred to the family Roccellaceae, its sister group.
Horse Grenadier Guards
The Horse Grenadier Guards, usually referred to as Horse Grenadiers, were a series of cavalry troops in the British Household Cavalry between 1687 and 1788, who used grenades and other explosives in battle. Originally attached to the Horse Guards, they became independent for a century before being disbanded. However, the men of the troops formed the basis of the new troops of Life Guards.

Richard Onslow (British Army officer)
Lieutenant-General Richard Onslow (c. 1697 – 16 March 1760) was a British Army officer and politician. After the death of their parents, his older brother Arthur bought him a captain's commission in the British Army. He first saw action in the Anglo-Spanish War in 1727, after which he was returned to Parliament for the family borough of Guildford. His political contributions were negligible in comparison to his brother, and he continued to serve as a career officer, holding commands in the War of the Austrian Succession at Dettingen and Fontenoy. In 1759, he was appointed Governor of Plymouth and commander of the Western District, and died as a lieutenant-general the following year while presiding over two prominent courts-martial.
Onoguris
Onoguris, renamed as Stephanopolis in the Byzantine period, was a town in Lazica (in present-day western Georgia, possibly located at modern village Khuntsi) recorded by Byzantine historian Agathias in his narration of the Lazic War between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire. Its exact location is still under study.

Lazic War
The Lazic War, also known as the Colchidian War or in Georgian historiography as the Great War of Egrisi, was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire for control of the ancient Georgian region of Lazica. The Lazic War lasted for twenty years, from 541 to 562, and ended with the Fifty-Year Peace Treaty, which obligated the Byzantine Empire to pay tribute to Persia each year for the recognition of Lazica as a Byzantine vassal state by the Persians. The Lazic War is narrated in detail in the works of Procopius and Agathias.
James Bruton
Sir James Bruton (1848 – 26 February 1933) was an English politician. He was elected member of Parliament for Gloucester for the Unionist Party in 1918 and 1922.

James Bruton was born in Newent, Gloucestershire, in 1848, the son of the auctioneer Henry Bruton. He was the elder brother of Henry Bruton junior (1843–1920). He was educated at The Crypt School in Gloucester.

He was knighted in 1916.

Henry Bruton (auctioneer)
Henry Bruton was an auctioneer and the founder of the firm now known as Bruton Knowles.

In 1862, Henry Bruton moved to Gloucester, England and formed the estate agents and auctioneers Bruton, Knowles & Co. in partnership with William Knowles.

His sons were Henry Bruton and the member of Parliament for Gloucester Sir James Bruton.
Costermano sul Garda
Costermano sul Garda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) west of Venice and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Verona.

Costermano sul Garda borders the following municipalities: Affi, Bardolino, Caprino Veronese, Garda, Rivoli Veronese, San Zeno di Montagna, and Torri del Benaco.

Garda, Veneto
Garda is a town and comune on the shore of Lake Garda, in the province of Verona, Veneto, northeastern Italy.

Garda is  32 kilometres (20 miles) from Verona, and is one of the smallest towns in the whole province.
Placencia Assassins FC
Placencia Assassins Football Club are a football team based in Placencia, Belize. They currently play in the Premier League of Belize. In 2011, they were crowned as Super League of Belize champions.

Their home stadium is Placencia Football Field.

In 2018, they formed an agreement with Altitude FC with their franchise leased was leased for a year, and Altitude's team name was changed to Altitude Assassins, in which they participated in the 2018–19 Premier League of Belize. At the end of the 2018-19 Premier League of Belize Tournament, after completing a year as Altitude Assassins, the lease was terminated and Altitude regained their franchise, and returned to the Premier League of Belize.

Altitude FC (Belize)
Altitude FC is a football club based in Independence, Belize. Their semi-professional male team competes in the Premier League of Belize, the highest level of football in the country; their female team, named the Altitude Chicks, compete in the National Amateur Women's League (NAWL). They play their home matches at Michael Ashcroft Stadium in downtown Independence. Altitude FC was founded in 2013 and represents the Mid-South Football Association from the Stann Creek District.
Dusty Rhodes (baseball coach)
Jack Dusty Rhodes (born 1946) is an American retired baseball coach and the former head coach of the University of North Florida. Over his more than 30-year college coaching career, he won more than 1,000 games and coached nearly two dozen Major League players. In January 2009, he was inducted into the American Baseball Coaches Association Hall of Fame and was a recipient of the ABCA's Lefty Gomez Award.

Palm Beach State College
Palm Beach State College is a public college in Lake Worth, Florida.  It is part of the Florida College System. Palm Beach State College enrolls nearly 25,000 students in over 100 programs of study including bachelor of applied science, associate in arts and associate in science degree programs, and short-term certificates, as well as continuing education and avocational courses. In 2009, the college started its first baccalaureate program, a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Supervision & Management.
Eagle Point, Wisconsin
Eagle Point is a town in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 3,053 at the 2010 census. The unincorporated communities of Eagle Point and Eagleton are located in the town.

McCann brothers
The McCann brothers were three Irishmen who migrated from Ohio to Wisconsin in the mid-nineteenth century.  They played an important role in the early phases of Wisconsin's lumber industry, and in the political and social organization of Chippewa County.

Their parents, Arthur McCann, who was of Irish descent, and Barbary Smith were born in Pennsylvania.  In 1810, they married in Scioto County, Ohio, where the two oldest brothers, Stephen Smith McCann and Arthur J. McCann, were born in 1811 and 1814, respectively.  In 1816, the youngest of the three, Daniel McCann, was born in Adams County, Ohio.  A fourth brother, Thomas McCann, was born in 1824, but he stayed in Ohio.

The elder Arthur and his brother, Thomas, came to Clinton County, Ohio, in 1811, shortly after it was founded in 1810.  They were among the earliest Catholics to locate here.  These McCanns built and operated a pottery in Wilmington, Ohio, where they manufactured a dark colored, finely polished ware.
Pictures at an Exhibition
Pictures at an Exhibition is a piano suite in ten movements, plus a recurring and varied Promenade theme, written in 1874, by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky. It is a musical depiction of a tour of an exhibition of works by architect and painter Viktor Hartmann put on at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg, following his sudden death in the previous year. Each movement of the suite is based on an individual work, some of which are lost.

The composition has become a showpiece for virtuoso pianists, and became widely known from orchestrations and arrangements produced by other composers and contemporary musicians, with Maurice Ravel's 1922 adaptation for orchestra being the most recorded and performed. The suite, particularly the final movement, "The Bogatyr Gates", is widely considered one of Mussorgsky's greatest works.

Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga is a female character (or one of a trio of sisters of the same name) from Slavic folklore who has two contrasting roles. In some narratives, she is described as a repulsive or ferocious-looking old woman who fries and eats children, while in others she is depicted as a nice old woman who helps the hero. Both versions often depict her as a witch. She is often associated with forest wildlife. Her distinctive traits are flying around in a wooden mortar, wielding a pestle, and dwelling deep in the forest in a hut with chicken legs.
Hatun Qillqa
Hatun Qillqa (Quechua hatun big, qillqa graphic sign, writing (the act and art of writing), Hispanicized spelling Jatunquilca) is a mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Antabamba District. Hatun Qillqa lies southeast of Qillqa, southwest of  Sisiwa and Yuraq Urqu (Quechua for "white mountain", Hispanicized Yuraj Orjo) and northwest of Wank'ayuq Saywa.

Sisiwa
Sisiwa (Hispanicized spelling Sisihua) is a 4,949-metre-high (16,237 ft) mountain in the Wansu mountain range in the Andes of Peru. It is situated in the Apurímac Region, Antabamba Province, Oropesa District. Sisiwa lies east of Hatun Qillqa and Yuraq Urqu.
Rangipo Desert
Te Onetapu (Māori: [tɛˌɔnɛˈtaˌpʉ]), commonly known as the Rangipo Desert (Māori: [ˌɾaŋiˌpɔː]), is a barren desert-like environment located in New Zealand, located in the Ruapehu District on the North Island Volcanic Plateau; to the east of the three active peaks of Mount Tongariro, Mount Ngauruhoe, and Mount Ruapehu, and to the west of the Kaimanawa Range.

Mount Ruapehu
Mount Ruapehu (Māori: [ˈɾʉaˌpɛhʉ]; English /ˈruːəˌpeɪhuː/) is an active stratovolcano at the southern end of the Taupō Volcanic Zone and North Island volcanic plateau in New Zealand. It is 23 km (14 mi) northeast of Ohakune and 23 km (14 mi) southwest of the southern shore of Lake Taupō, within Tongariro National Park. The North Island's major ski resorts and only glaciers are on its slopes.

Ruapehu, the largest active volcano in New Zealand, has the highest point in the North Island and has three major peaks: Tahurangi (2,797 m), Te Heuheu (2,755 m) and Paretetaitonga (2,751 m). The deep, active crater is between the peaks and fills with water between major eruptions, being known as Crater Lake (Māori: Te Wai ā-moe). The name Ruapehu means "pit of noise" or "exploding pit" in Māori.
Muthathi
Muthathi (or Muttatti) is a settlement situated on the banks of the Kaveri river near Malavalli in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is surrounded by a dense forest which is the home of the Kaveri Wildlife Sanctuary. The location has mythological associations with Sita (the wife of Rama) and Anjaneya (a Hindu deity/god), and there is a small temple dedicated to Anjaneya near the town. This well connected hilly place is accessible from Bangalore through direct bus/private vehicles. Kannada matinee idol Dr. Rajkumar was named Muthuraja after the temple deity of this place - Muthathiraya (Hanuman).

Malavalli
Malavalli is a town and a taluka in Mandya district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Malavalli town in history is quoted dates back to 27 March 1799 - Fourth Anglo Mysore War. Battle of Malavalli was fought between Tippu Sultan's Mysore Army against the British East India Company led by Arthur Wellesley. The men from the town fought fiercely and laid down their lives.

The town was ruled by the Nada Yajamaan family. The postal code of Malavalli is 571430.
John Tanton
John Hamilton Tanton (February 23, 1934 – July 16, 2019) was an American ophthalmologist, white nationalist, and anti-immigration activist. He was the founder and first chairman of the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR), an anti-immigration organization. He was the co-founder of the Center for Immigration Studies, an anti-immigration think tank; and NumbersUSA, an anti-immigration lobbying group.

He was chairman of U.S. English and ProEnglish. He was briefly President of Zero Population Growth. He was the founder of The Social Contract Press, which published a quarterly journal of nativist and white nationalist writers called The Social Contract until the fall of 2019. He founded the pro-eugenics organization Society for Genetic Education.

Petoskey, Michigan
Petoskey (/pəˈtɒski/ pə-TOSS-kee) is the largest city in and the county seat of Emmet County, Michigan, and is the largest settlement within the county. Petoskey has a population of 5,877 at the 2020 census, up from 5,670 at the 2010 census.

Petoskey is part of Northern Michigan, and is one of the northernmost cities in Michigan's Lower Peninsula. Petoskey is located on the southern shore of Little Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. Petoskey sits directly across the bay from Harbor Springs, another Emmet County city. Petoskey is a popular Midwestern resort town.

Petoskey lends its name to the Petoskey stone, a fossilized coral that is the state stone of Michigan.
Pato O'Ward
Patricio "Pato" O'Ward Junco (born 6 May 1999) is a Mexican auto racing driver who competes full-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 5 Chevrolet for Arrow McLaren. He is signed to the McLaren Driver Development Programme and is currently the reserve driver for their Formula One team. He is the 2018 Indy Lights champion.

2018 Indy Lights
The 2018 Indy Lights season was the 33rd season of the Indy Lights open wheel motor racing series and the 17th sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. A 17-race schedule was announced on October 17, 2017.

Patricio O'Ward dueled the entire season with his Andretti Autosport teammate Colton Herta, ultimately clinching the title by winning the penultimate race of the season. O'Ward had nine wins with four other podium finishes while Herta captured four consecutive wins in the first half of the season, including the Freedom 100, but also finished second seven times. Belardi Auto Racing's Santiago Urrutia captured two race wins and finished third in the championship. Andretti's Ryan Norman and Juncos Racing's Victor Franzoni each had a single win and finished fourth and fifth in the championship respectively. There were only seven full-time entries. Andretti Autosport soundly won the team championship.
Caritas Philippines
Caritas Philippines is a non-profit organisation active in the Philippines, founded in 1966. It is the social arm of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines and a member of the global Caritas Internationalis confederation and of its regional structure Caritas Asia.

Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis (Latin pronunciation: [kaː.ri.t̪as in̪.t̪er.nat̪.t̪͡s̪iˈɔː.na.lis]; lit. 'Charity International') is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief, development, and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in Vatican City.

Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout the world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.