hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lindsey Barbee
Mary Lindsey Barbee (May 8, 1876 – April 8, 1951) was an American playwright, editor and clubwoman, based in Denver, Colorado. She was national president of Gamma Phi Beta from 1919 to 1924, and edited the sorority's national publication from 1910 to 1938.

Gamma Phi Beta
Gamma Phi Beta (ΓΦΒ, also known as GPhi, GPhiB, or Gamma Phi) is an international college sorority. It was founded in Syracuse University in 1874 and was the first of the Greek organizations to call itself a sorority. The term "sorority" was coined for Gamma Phi Beta by Dr. Frank Smalley, a professor at Syracuse University.

The sorority's international headquarters are located in Centennial, Colorado. As of 2023, Gamma Phi Beta listed more than 246,000 initiated members, 137 active collegiate chapters, 190 chartered collegiate chapters, and more than 155 alumnae groups in the United States and Canada.
Versor
In mathematics, a versor is a quaternion whose norm is one, also known as a unit quaternion. Each versor has the form

where the condition  means that  is an algebraic imaginary unit. There is a sphere of imaginary units in the quaternions. Note that the expression for a versor is just Euler's formula for the imaginary unit  If  (when  is a right angle), then  and it is called a right versor.

The mapping  corresponds to 3-dimensional rotation, and has the angle  about the axis  in axis–angle representation.

The collection of versors, with quaternion multiplication, forms a group, and appears as a 3-sphere in the 4-dimensional quaternion algebra.

Elliptic geometry
Elliptic geometry is an example of a geometry in which Euclid's parallel postulate does not hold. Instead, as in spherical geometry, there are no parallel lines since any two lines must intersect. However, unlike in spherical geometry, two lines are usually assumed to intersect at a single point (rather than two). Because of this, the elliptic geometry described in this article is sometimes referred to as single elliptic geometry whereas spherical geometry is sometimes referred to as double elliptic geometry.

The appearance of work on this geometry in the nineteenth century stimulated the development of non-Euclidean geometry generally, including hyperbolic geometry.

Elliptic geometry has a variety of properties that differ from those of classical Euclidean plane geometry.  For example, the sum of the interior angles of any triangle is always greater than 180°.
Bluffs, Illinois
Bluffs is a village in Scott County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Bluffs had a population of 618. It was briefly (1969–1971) the location of the WJJY TV Mast, the tallest structure (1,610 feet tall - 491 m) built to that date in Illinois.

Bluffs is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Scott County, Illinois
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 4,949, making it the fourth-least populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Winchester.

Scott County is part of the Jacksonville, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Springfield-Jacksonville-Lincoln, IL Combined Statistical Area.
15 Eunomia
15 Eunomia is a very large asteroid in the middle asteroid belt. It is the largest of the stony (S-type) asteroids, with 3 Juno as a close second. It is quite a massive asteroid, in 6th to 8th place (to within measurement uncertainties). It is the largest Eunomian asteroid, and is estimated to contain 1% of the mass of the asteroid belt.

Eunomia was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on July 29, 1851, and named after Eunomia, one of the Horae (Hours), a personification of order and law in Greek mythology. Its historical symbol is a heart with a star on top; it was encoded in Unicode 17.0 as U+1CEC8 𜻈 ().

Eunomia
In Greek mythology, Eunomia (Ancient Greek: Εὐνομία) was a minor but important goddess of law and legislation and her name can be translated as "good order", "governance according to good laws", as well as the spring-time goddess of green pastures (eû means "well, good" in Greek, and νόμος, nómos, means "law", while pasturelands are called nomia). She is by most accounts the daughter of Themis and Zeus. Her opposite number was Dysnomia (Lawlessness).
Sunshine State Games
The Sunshine State Games is an Olympics-style amateur sports competition for residents of Florida, United States. The event is part of the National Congress of State Games. The games began in 1980 and are held throughout the year.

National Congress of State Games
The National Congress of State Games (or American games) is an American nonprofit sports association, consisting of 27 full members divided into three regions. As of 2023, NCSG members run 26 Summer Games and a number of winter games The NCSG is part of the United States Olympic Committee and organizes the State Games of America, an Olympic-style multi-sport event in which athletes who have won a medal in their home state's Games are eligible to compete.
Kim Kashkashian
Kim Kashkashian (born August 31, 1952) is an American violist. She has spent her career in the U.S. and Europe and collaborated with many major contemporary composers. In 2013 she won a Grammy Award for Best Classical Instrumental Solo. She is recognized as one of the world's top violists.

Guarneri Quartet
The Guarneri Quartet was an American string quartet founded in 1964 at the Marlboro Music School and Festival.  It was admired for its rich, warm, complex tone and its bold, dramatic interpretations of the quartet literature, with a particular affinity for the works of Beethoven and Bartók. Through teaching at Harpur College (which became Binghamton University), University of Maryland, Curtis Institute of Music, and at Marlboro, the Guarneri players helped nurture interest in quartet playing for a generation of young musicians.  The group's extensive touring and recording activities, coupled with its outreach efforts to engage audiences, contributed to the rapid growth in the popularity of chamber music during the 1970s and 1980s. The quartet is notable for its longevity: the group performed for 45 years with only one personnel change, when cellist David Soyer retired in 2001 and was replaced by his student Peter Wiley. The Guarneri Quartet disbanded in 2009.
NWD1
NWD1, short for NACHT and WD repeat domain containing 1, is a gene found in vertebrates, which encodes a protein that contains a NACHT domain and a WD40 repeat domain.  It was originally identified during a search for immune system genes in zebrafish as a protein coding sequence related to APAF1; orthologs were subsequently identified in mammalian species.  The NWD1 gene of humans is located on chromosome 19.  Current data suggests a causal role for tumor-associated over-expression of NWD1 in the dysregulation of androgen receptor signaling during prostate cancer progression.

Chromosome 19
Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 spans more than 61.7 million base pairs, the building material of DNA. It is considered the most gene-rich chromosome containing roughly 1,500 genes, despite accounting for only 2 percent of the human genome.
Kim Yu-sin
Kim Yu-sin (Korean: 김유신; Hanja: 金庾信; 595 – 21 August 673) was a Korean military general and politician in 7th-century Silla. He led the unification of the Korean Peninsula by Silla under the reign of King Muyeol and King Munmu. He is said to have been the great-grandchild of King Guhae of Geumgwan Gaya, the last ruler of the Geumgwan Gaya state. This would have given him a very high position in the Silla bone rank system, which governed the political and military status that a person could attain.

Much of what is known about Kim's life comes from the detailed account in the Samguk Sagi, Yeoljeon 1-3, and the much briefer record in the Samguk Yusa, vol. 1.

Queen Seondeok of Silla
Queen Seondeok (Korean: 선덕여왕 Korean pronunciation: [sʌn.dʌk jʌ.waŋ]; Unknown  – 20 February [O.S. 17 February] 647; 8th day of the 1st lunar month of the 14th year of Inpyeong [인평 14년 정월 8일; 仁平14年正月8日]) reigned as Queen Regnant of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, from 632 to 647. She was Silla's twenty-seventh ruler, and its first reigning queen. In the Samguk sagi, Queen Seondeok was described as "generous, benevolent, wise, and smart". According to the Legend of Jigwi, she was also beautiful.
José Rizal (film)
José Rizal is a 1998 Philippine epic historical drama film co-produced and directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya from a screenplay written by Jun Lana, Ricky Lee, and Peter Ong Lim. The film was based on the true story of Filipino patriot José Rizal, who was imprisoned under the Spanish colonization and tells his story until the final day of his execution. Cesar Montano stars in the title role, with the supporting cast including Jaime Fabregas, Chin-Chin Gutierrez, Gina Alajar, Pen Medina, Gloria Diaz, and Ronnie Lazaro.

At the time of its release, the film was an official entry to the 1998 Metro Manila Film Festival, sweeping most of the nominations with seventeen awards, making it the first film with the most MMFF award wins.

Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata
Ramón Blanco Erenas Riera y Polo, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata (September 15, 1833 – April 4, 1906) was a Spanish brigadier and colonial administrator. Born in San Sebastián, he was sent to the Caribbean in 1858 and governed Cuba and Santo Domingo. In 1861, he returned to Spain but was then sent to the Philippines (1866–1871).

Afterwards, he returned to Spain and served in the Third Carlist War, where he attained the rank of brigadier.  He served as captain-general of Navarre after taking part in the 1876 offensive in the valley of Baztan; he acquired his marquessate during this time.  He was sent to Cuba as captain-general in April 1879, and was involved in the Little War. He returned to Spain in November 1881 and served as Captain General of Catalonia and Extremadura.
Mga
Mga (Russian: Мга) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kirovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia. Population:  10,212 (2010 Census); 9,613 (2002 Census); 9,852 (1989 Soviet census).

The name is almost certainly derived from the identically named Mga River on which it lies (which in turn is probably of Finno-Ugric origin); the suggestion that it comes from the initials of the owner of the land in the 19th century, Maria Grigorievna Apraksin (a member of the same family for which the Apraksin Dvor in St. Petersburg is named), is extremely unlikely.

Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast
Kirovsky District (Russian: Ки́ровский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Volkhovsky District in the east, Kirishsky District in the southeast, Nevsky and Kolpinsky Districts of the federal city of St. Petersburg in the west, Tosnensky District in the southwest, and with Vsevolozhsky District in the northwest. From the north, the district is bounded by Lake Ladoga. The area of the district is 2,590.46 square kilometers (1,000.18 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kirovsk. Population (excluding the administrative center): 62,533 (2010 census); 60,221 (2002 Census); 74,725 (1989 Soviet census).
GriGri
A Grigri (styled as GriGri or GRIGRI) is an assisted braking belay device manufactured by Petzl designed to help secure rock-climbing, rappelling, and rope-acrobatic activities.  Its main characteristic is a clutch that assists in braking under a shock load. The success of this device has led to grigri becoming a common name for devices of this type. In 2011 a new version, the Grigri 2, was released to replace the original 1991 model. Petzl released the Grigri+ in 2017, adding new safety features to the original design. However this made the device heavier and many climbers felt the new safety features (specifically the anti panic handle which stopped the device from lowering when the handle was pulled too far back) got in the way of normal operation when lowering. 2019 saw the release of an updated version of the device, simply called the Grigri. It is named for the African amulet gris-gris, believed to protect the wearer from evil.

Petzl
Petzl is a French manufacturer  of climbing gear, caving gear, work-at-height equipment, and headlamps based in Crolles (near Grenoble), France. The company was created by the cave explorer Fernand Petzl in the mid-1970s. Their three specialties are:

Vertical sports: equipment for mountaineering, climbing, caving, etc.

Work at height and rescue: solutions for progression and safety in difficult-access worksites and in technical rescue.

Headlamps (head torches) that provide hands-free lighting.
BBC North West Tonight
BBC North West Tonight (known as BBC North West Today during daytime) is the BBC's regional television news programme covering North West England and the Isle of Man. Produced by BBC North West, the programme broadcasts from the BBC's MediaCityUK studios at Salford Quays, with district newsrooms based in Liverpool, Blackburn and Chester.

BBC North West
BBC North West is the BBC English Region serving Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Lancashire,  Merseyside, as well as parts of North Yorkshire (western Craven), Derbyshire (western High Peak), Staffordshire (Biddulph), Cumbria (Barrow-in-Furness and South Lakeland) and the Isle of Man.

The region also covered the rest of Cumbria during the late 1980s, complete with an opt-out television news service for the area, before it was transferred to the BBC North East region owing to high viewer demand. Today, the region is part of the larger BBC North division based at MediaCityUK in Salford Quays.
Diocese of False Bay
The Diocese of False Bay is a diocese in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. It was created when the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town was split into three divisions, namely the Diocese of Table Bay, the Diocese of Saldanha Bay and the Diocese of False Bay. The Diocese was  officially inaugurated on the first Advent Sunday in 2005. It comprises 49 parishes in six archdeaconries.

Anglican Diocese of Cape Town
The Diocese of Cape Town is a diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa (ACSA) which presently covers central Cape Town, some of its suburbs and the island of Tristan da Cunha, though in the past it has covered a much larger territory. The Ordinary of the diocese is Archbishop of Cape Town and ex officio Primate and Metropolitan of the ACSA. His seat is St. George's Cathedral in Cape Town.

Desmond Tutu was archbishop from 1986 to 1996 and was archbishop-emeritus until his death in 2021. The current archbishop is Thabo Makgoba. Because of the archbishop's responsibilities as primate, many of his diocesan duties are delegated to a suffragan bishop known as the Bishop of Table Bay, an office currently held by Joshua Louw. (This is similar to the Bishop of Dover in the Church of England Diocese of Canterbury, who has held such a role since 1980.)
Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof
Wiesbaden Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Wiesbaden, the state capital of the German state of Hesse. It is a terminal station at the southern edge of the city centre and is used by more than 40,000 travelers each day, so it is the second largest station in Hesse after Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station.

Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof
Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (short Frankfurt (Main) Hbf, in English Frankfurt Main Station, in former times Frankfurt Central Station) is the busiest train station in the German state of Hesse and the second most busy train station in Germany behind Hamburg Hauptbahnhof. Due to its location near the middle of Germany and usage as a transport hub for long and short distance travelling, Deutsche Bahn refers to it as the most important station in Germany.
Northern brush-tailed phascogale
The northern brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale pirata), also known as the northern brush-tailed wambenger or northern brush-tailed mousesack is a species of marsupial in the family Dasyuridae. It is endemic to northern Australia.

Dasyuridae
The Dasyuridae are a family of marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, including 71 extant species divided into 17 genera. Many are small and mouse-like or shrew-like, giving some of them the name marsupial mice or marsupial shrews, but the group also includes the cat-sized quolls, as well as the Tasmanian devil. They are found in a wide range of habitats, including grassland, underground, forests, and mountains. Some species are arboreal or semiaquatic. The Dasyuridae are often called the 'marsupial carnivores', as most members of the family are insectivores.
Paul Broad
Paul Anthony Broad (born 8 April 1951) is an Australian economist known for his management of government business departments.  In 2011 he was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of Infrastructure NSW.  He is an advocate of user-pays pricing, and has a philosophical commitment to involving the private sector.

AAPT (company)
AAPT is a fixed-line telecommunications wholesaler owned by Vocus Group. It owns significant fibre and internet infrastructure in Australia. Its national network offers data, cloud, voice and internet services.
Constantine Doukas Nestongos
Constantine Doukas Nestongos (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ∆ούκας Νεστόγγος, fl. 1280–1307) was a Byzantine aristocrat and courtier.

Nestongos first appears in 1280, when he accompanied the co-emperor (and future sole emperor) Andronikos II Palaiologos in his campaign against the Turks in the Maeander River valley. Nestongos at the time held the position of parakoimomenos of the imperial seal. Appointed governor of Nyssa, he held the post until the city fell to the Turks in ca. 1284. Nestongos himself was captured, but had been released by June 1285, when he witnessed a treaty with the Republic of Venice.

He is last mentioned in ca. 1307, in a legal dispute between some of his tenants (paroikoi) near Smyrna with a local monastery. Some authors identify him with a "Doukas Nestongos" who was megas hetaireiarches in 1304, but this is unlikely since the latter post was much junior in rank to the parakoimomenos.

Parakoimomenos
The parakoimōmenos (Greek: παρακοιμώμενος, literally "the one who sleeps beside [the emperor's chamber]") was a Byzantine court position, usually reserved for eunuchs. The position's proximity to the emperors guaranteed its holders influence and power, and many of them, especially in the 9th and 10th centuries, functioned as the Byzantine Empire's chief ministers.
Samoa national rugby league team
The Samoa national rugby league team represents Samoa in rugby league football and has participated in international competition since 1986. Known as Western Samoa before 1997, the team is administered by Rugby League Samoa and are nicknamed Toa Samoa (English: Samoan Warriors).

Stephen Crichton
Stephen Crichton (born 22 September 2000) is a Samoan professional rugby league footballer who captains and plays as a centre for the Canterbury Bankstown Bulldogs in the National Rugby League. He has represented New South Wales in the State of Origin series and Samoa at international level.

Crichton previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the NRL, with whom he won the 2021, 2022 and 2023 NRL Grand Finals. Crichton has the distinction of scoring a try in each of Penrith's four consecutive grand final appearances (2020 to 2023).
Chūkyō Television Broadcasting
JOCH-DTV (channel 4), branded as Chukyo TV (中京テレビ, Chūkyō Terebi; CTV), is the Chūkyō metropolitan area flagship station of the Nippon News Network and Nippon Television Network System (NNS), owned by Chukyo TV. Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (中京テレビ放送株式会社, Chūkyō Terebi-hōsō kabushiki gaisha), a subsidiary of Yomiuri Chukyo FS Broadcasting Holdings. Its studios are located in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Japan.

The Chūkyō UHF TV Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (中京ユー・エッチ・エフテレビ放送株式会社, former corporate name of Chūkyō TV) was founded on March 1, 1968, and started TV broadcasting on April 1, 1969.  Then the company was renamed "Chūkyō TV Broadcasting Co., Ltd. (中京テレビ放送株式会社)" on April 1, 1970.

Nakamura-ku, Nagoya
Nakamura (中村区, Nakamura-ku) is one of the 16 wards of Nagoya, Japan. As of October 1, 2019, the ward has an estimated population of 135,134 and a population density of 8,290 persons per km2. The total area is 16.30 km2.
Mascarene Islands
The Mascarene Islands (English: /mæskəˈriːn/; French: Mascareignes [maskaʁɛɲ] ⓘ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their name derives from the Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas, who first visited them in April 1512. The islands share a common geological origin beneath the Mascarene Plateau known as the Mauritia microcontinent which was a Precambrian microcontinent situated between India and Madagascar until their separation about 70 million years ago. They form a distinct ecoregion with unique biodiversity and endemism of flora and fauna.

Dictyosperma
Dictyosperma is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues). The sole species, Dictyosperma album, is widely cultivated in the tropics but has been farmed to near extinction in its native habitat. It is commonly called princess palm or hurricane palm, the latter owing to its ability to withstand strong winds by easily shedding leaves. It is closely related to, and resembles, palms in the genus Archontophoenix. The genus is named from two Greek words meaning "net" and "seed" and the epithet is Latin for "white", the common color of the crownshaft at the top of the trunk.
PetroVietnam Insurance
PetroVietnam Insurance  Joint-Stock Company (PVI Vietnamese: Tổng công ty Cổ phần Bảo hiểm Dầu khí Việt Nam) is a Vietnamese insurance company. The state-owned PetroVietnam holds a controlling stake in PVI.

It had a share of around 20% in the insurance market (excluding life insurance) in 2011, making it the second largest insurer just after Bao Viet Insurance and before Bao Minh and PJICO. It has been the only one of the four big insurers that were able to significantly increase their market share from just over 10% in 2005, while market leader Bao Viet and Bao Minh have continuously lost market shares.

PVI has a strategic partnership with Talanx AG, a German insurer. Talanx has been holding 25% of PVI's shares since August 2011 and decided to acquire another 6% in May 2012.

In 2023, Talanx decide to take over 80% of PVI. In the future, they take the rest 20% from PetroVietnam

Petrovietnam
Petrovietnam (PVN), formally the Vietnam National Industry - Energy Group (Vietnamese: Tập đoàn Công nghiệp – Năng lượng Quốc gia Việt Nam) and formerly the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (Tập đoàn Dầu khí Việt Nam or Tập đoàn Dầu khí Quốc gia Việt Nam, 'Vietnam (National) Oil-gas Group'), is the state-owned national oil, gas and energy industry corporation of Vietnam. Petrovietnam has developed rapidly since it was established in 1975, and its activities, through its various companies and wholly owned subsidiaries, now cover all the operations from oil and gas exploration and production to storage, processing, transportation, distribution and services. Wholly owned by the Vietnamese central government, it is responsible for all oil and gas resources in the country and has become its country's largest oil producer and second-largest power producer.