hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brei Holm
Brei Holm is a tiny tidal islet in the western Shetland Islands. It is due east of Papa Stour, to which it is connected at low tide, just outside Housa Voe. It is about a mile off Mainland, Shetland, and not far from the Maiden Stack.

It was a leper colony until the 18th century, but it has been suggested that many of the "lepers" there were suffering from a vitamin deficiency and not from leprosy at all.

Maiden Stack
The Maiden Stack or Frau Stack is a tiny stack in the western Shetland Islands to the north of Brei Holm and east of Housa Voe about 140 metres (150 yd) off Papa Stour. Reaching 7.6 metres (25 ft) above sea level the stack is the highest of several in the area and also known locally as Muckle Fru.
Great Lakes WATER Institute
Great Lakes WATER Institute (also known as the WATER Institute, Wisconsin Aquatic Technology and Environmental Research Institute, GLWI) is a freshwater research center of the University of Wisconsin System administered by the Graduate School of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.

Located on Milwaukee's inner harbor, it is the only major aquatic research institution located on Lake Michigan and the largest of its kind in the Great Lakes region.

The WATER Institute is both a UW-Milwaukee Center of Excellence and a UW System Regents Center of Excellence. It became the main component of UW-Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences in 2009 with the goal of turning Milwaukee into a world freshwater research hub.

University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee School of Freshwater Sciences (SFS) is an academic division of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee focusing on freshwater research and graduate education.

Located at the edge of the Great Lakes, SFS is the only graduate school of freshwater science in the U.S. and the third in the world. It offers Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Master of Science (M.S.) of Freshwater Sciences in Freshwater System Dynamics, Human and Ecosystem Health, Freshwater Technology and Freshwater Economics, Policy and Management. Beginning in 2021, it began offering Bachelor’s of Science in Freshwater Sciences, focusing on aquatic science or water policy.

The school was built upon the Great Lakes WATER Institute, a freshwater research institution of the University of Wisconsin System administered by the Graduate School of University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
Bengali–Assamese languages
The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group, according to Glottolog, include Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Goalpariya, Hajong, Kewat, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbanshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya, Thar and Surjapuri.

Rajbanshi language (Nepal)
Rajbanshi (also called Tajpuria) is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken in Nepal. It is related to, but distinct from Rangpuri/Kamta in Bangladesh and India, which is also known by the alternative name "Rajbanshi", with which it forms the KRNB cluster.
Cannibalism in Oceania
Cannibalism in Oceania is well documented for many parts of this region, with reports ranging from the early modern period to, in a few cases, the 21st century. Some archaeological evidence has also been found. Human cannibalism in Melanesia and Polynesia was primarily associated with war, with victors eating the vanquished, while in Australia it was confined to a minority of Aboriginal groups and was mostly associated with mortuary rites or as a contingency for hardship to avoid starvation.

Cannibalism used to be widespread in parts of Fiji (once nicknamed the "Cannibal Isles"), among the Māori people of New Zealand, and in the Marquesas Islands. It was also practised in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands. According to some reports, cannibalism was still practised in Papua New Guinea around 2012, for cultural reasons.

Exocannibalism
Exocannibalism (from Greek exo-, "from outside" and cannibalism, "to eat humans"), as opposed to endocannibalism, is the consumption of flesh from humans that do not belong to one's close social group—for example, eating one's enemies. It has been interpreted as an attempt to acquire desired qualities of the victim and as "ultimate form of humiliation and domination" of a vanquished enemy in warfare. Such practices have been documented in various cultures, including the Aztecs in Mexico and the Caribs and Tupinambá in South America.

Historically, it has also been used as a practical expediency in especially desperate attritional or guerrilla warfare when the extreme hunger and the abundance of humans being killed coincide to create conditions ripe for cannibalism. Some have interpreted the practice as a form of predation rather than a ritual act, seeing perpetrator and victim in the roles of predator versus prey.
Banda del Matese
The Banda del Matese was a group of Italian republicans affiliated with the Italian First International who plotted an insurgent rebellion in the Matese mountains in 1877. The group of 26 men included later anarchist leaders (Carlo Cafiero, Errico Malatesta), veterans of Garibaldi (Pietro Ceccarelli, Vincenzo Farina), and Russian revolutionary Stepniak. Inspired by the 1875 rediscovery of Carlo Pisacane's writings, the group planned a rebellion through propaganda by deed in which they would occupy buildings, upset rail travel and communication, and encourage property redistribution as a means of showing their group's dedication to sociopolitical change. They surrendered to the military after six days. The group was acquitted in 1878 and their means of propaganda was effective, but their campaign had proven the new limitations of guerrilla tactics in light of technical advances.

Propaganda of the deed
Propaganda of the deed, or propaganda by the deed, is a type of direct action intended to influence public opinion. The action itself is meant to serve as an example for others to follow, acting as a catalyst for social revolution.

It is primarily associated with acts of violence perpetrated by proponents of insurrectionary anarchism in the late 19th and early 20th century, including bombings and assassinations aimed at the state, the ruling class in a spirit of anti-capitalism, and church arsons targeting religious groups, even though propaganda of the deed also had non-violent applications. These acts of terrorism were intended to ignite a "spirit of revolt" by demonstrating the state, the middle and upper classes, and religious organizations were not omnipotent as well as to provoke the State to become escalatingly repressive in its response. The 1881 London Social Revolutionary Congress gave the tactic its approval.
Ginir (woreda)
Ginir is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It is named after the administrative center of the woreda, Ginir. Part of the East Bale Zone, Ginir is bordered on the south by the Gestro River (or Weyib River) which separates it from Goro, on the west by Sinanana Dinsho, on the northwest by Gaserana Gololcha, on the northeast by Seweyna, and on the east by Rayitu. Towns include Delo Serbo.

Dinsho (woreda)
Dinsho is one of the districts in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Sinanana Dinsho woreda what was separated for Dinsho and Sinana woredas and Robe Town. Part of the Bale Zone, Sinanana Dinsho was bordered on the south by the Mena River which separated it from Goba, on the west by Adaba, on the northwest by Agarfa, on the northeast by Gaserana Gololcha, on the east by Ginir, and on the southeast by Goro, Oromia. The administrative center of this woreda is Dinsho.
I Am Mother
I Am Mother is a 2019 Australian cyberpunk thriller film directed by Grant Sputore and written by Michael Lloyd Green, based on a story by both. Starring Clara Rugaard, Luke Hawker, Rose Byrne, and Hilary Swank, the film follows Daughter, a girl in a post-apocalyptic bunker, being raised by Mother, a robot who is aiding the repopulation of Earth. The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival. Netflix released it in several countries on 7 June 2019.

South Australian Film Corporation
South Australian Film Corporation (SAFC) is a South Australian Government statutory corporation established in 1972 to engage in film production and promote the film industry, located in Adelaide, South Australia. The Adelaide Studios are managed by the South Australian Film Corporation for the use of the South Australian film industry.
Assab
Assab or Aseb (Tigrinya: ዓሰብ, Arabic: عصب) is a port city in the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea situated on the west coast of the Red Sea.
Languages spoken in Assab are predominantly Afar, Tigrinya, and Arabic. It was founded as a port in 1882 by the Rubattino Company; when the Italian government took control of the port in 1882, it laid the foundations for the formation of the colony of Italian Eritrea, which became the independent country of Eritrea following its independence from Ethiopia in the 1990s.

Afar people
The Afar (Afar: Qafár), also known as the Danakil, Adali and Odali, are a Cushitic ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They primarily live in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in northern Djibouti, as well as the entire southern coast of Eritrea. The Afar speak the Afar language, which is part of the East Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. Afars are the only inhabitants of the Horn of Africa whose traditional territories border both the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
Mohanna Durra
Mohanna Durra (Arabic: مهنا دره) OSJ (1938 – 24 January 2021) was a Jordanian painter widely regarded as a pioneer of the Jordanian Arts Movement and for being the first to introduce Cubism and abstract art into the Jordanian visual arts community. He was a professor at the Faculty of Fine Art and Design at University of Jordan and served as the President of the Jordan Association of Fine Arts.

George Aleef
George Aleef (Arabic: جورج أليف; 1887–1970) was a Russian orientalist painter who served in the Tsarist Army. He later lived in Palestine until the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight. His paintings depicted major historical moments during that era in Palestine. Aleef eventually settled in Jordan, where he started the first art college and taught a group of young, local artists who were instrumental in creating a Jordanian art movement. Aleef's family name is sometimes spelled as Allief or Aleev.
Gololcha (Bale)
Gololcha is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Gaserana Gololcha woreda what was divided for Gadera and Gololcha woredas. Part of the Bale Zone, Gaserana Gololcha is bordered on the south by Ginir, on the southwest by Sinanana Dinsho, on the west by Agarfa, on the north by the Shebelle River which separates it from the Arsi Zone, on the northeast by Legehida, and on the east by Seweyna. The administrative center for the woreda is Jara.

Seweyna
Seweyna is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Located in the eastern part of the Bale Zone, Seweyna is bordered on the south by Raytu, on the southwest by Ginir, on the northwest by Gaserana Gololcha, on the north by Legehida, and on the east by the Somali Region. Towns in Seweyna include Hada.
Khalji dynasty
The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate for three decades between 1290 and 1320. It was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate which covered large swaths of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji.

Tughlaq dynasty
The Tughlaq dynasty (also known as the Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty; Persian: تغلق شاهیان) was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq and ended in 1413.

The Indo-Turkic dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for this brief period.
Sepah Navy Special Force
The Special Unit of NEDSA (Persian: یگان ویژه ندسا), also known as Sepah Navy Special Force (S.N.S.F.) (Persian: نیروی ویژه دریایی سپاه), is a Takavar unit in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy stationed in the Greater Farur Island of the Persian Gulf.

Great Prophet IX
The Great Prophet IX (Persian: پیامبر اعظم 9, romanized: Payambar-e-Azam 9) was an Iranian war games exercise in the general area of the Strait of Hormuz on Larak Island, Persian Gulf. It started on February 25, 2015, and finished on February 27, 2015. The exercise was notable for using a full scale mock-up of an American aircraft carrier as a target.
Bagra Peak
Bagra Peak (Bulgarian: връх Багра, romanized: vrah Bagra, IPA: [ˈvrɤɣ ˈbaɡrɐ]) is the peak rising to 1990 m in the north part of Petvar Heights, southeast Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, and overlooking Kornicker Glacier to the northwest, Razboyna Glacier to the northeast, and Drama Glacier to the east.

The peak is named after the settlement of Bagra in Southern Bulgaria.

Razboyna Glacier
Razboyna Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Разбойна, romanized: lednik Razboyna, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik razˈbɔjnɐ]) is the 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) wide glacier in Petvar Heights on the southeast side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica situated north of Drama Glacier, east of Kornicker Glacier, and south of the lower course of Thomas Glacier.  It is draining the north slopes of Bagra Peak, and flowing northeastwards to leave the range north of Long Peak.

The feature is named after the settlements of Razboyna in northeastern and southeastern Bulgaria.
Edith Hall Dohan
Edith Hayward Hall Dohan (31 December 1877–14 July 1943) was an American archaeologist who earned Bryn Mawr College's first classical archaeology Ph.D. Hall was part of an excavation team with Harriet Boyd in her early career that most notably brought the first Mycenaean and pre-Mycenaean collection to be displayed in America. Hall later wrote The Decorative Art of Crete in the Bronze Age, which was published in 1906 that breaks down the evolution of the art and pottery in Crete from the Bronze Age.

Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship
The Agnes Hoppin Memorial Fellowship was an academic fellowship intended to "lift the restrictions on women in the study of archaeology". It was established at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens in 1898 by the Hoppin family.

The award was founded in memory of Agnes Clark Hoppin by her brother, Professor Joseph Hoppin. It was awarded from 1898 to 1904 and was worth $1,000 per year.
Largs railway station
Largs railway station is a railway station in the town of Largs, North Ayrshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is owned by Network Rail. It is on the Ayrshire Coast Line, 43 miles (69 km) south west of Glasgow Central.

Largs
Largs (Scottish Gaelic: An Leargaidh Ghallda) is a town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about 33 mi (53 km) from Glasgow. The original name means "the slopes" (An Leargaidh) in Scottish Gaelic.

A popular seaside resort with a pier, the town markets itself on its historic links with the Vikings and an annual festival is held each year in early September. In 1263 it was the site of the Battle of Largs between the Norwegian and the Scottish armies.
North American P-51 Mustang variants
Over twenty variants of the North American P-51 Mustang fighter were produced from 1940, when it first flew, to after World War II, some of which were employed also in the Korean War and in several other conflicts.

Packard V-1650 Merlin
The Packard V-1650 Merlin is a version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin aircraft engine, produced under license in the United States by the Packard Motor Car Company. The engine was licensed to expand production of the Rolls-Royce Merlin for British use. The engine also filled a gap in the U.S. at a time when similarly powered American-made engines were not available.

The first V-1650s, with a one-stage supercharger, equivalent to the Merlin XX, were used in the P-40F Kittyhawk fighter and in Canadian-built Hawker Hurricanes. Later versions based on the Merlin 60 series included a more advanced two-stage supercharger for improved performance at high altitudes. It found its most notable application in the North American P-51 Mustang fighter, improving the aircraft's performance making them capable of escorting Allied heavy bombers to Germany or Japan and back.
Megan Marsden
Megan Marsden (born Megan McCunniff; June 6, 1962) is an American gymnastics coach and former collegiate gymnast. Marsden has had a career at the University of Utah and the Utah Red Rocks team that has amassed over thirty years; both as a student-athlete and as a coach. Since 2010, she has been the Co-Head Coach of the Red Rocks program, and shared the duties with her husband Greg Marsden until his retirement after the 2015 season. As a student-athlete, Marsden remains one of Utah's top performers, the winner of three individual National titles. Her achievements, both as an athlete and a coach, have led Marsden to become a recipient of awards such as the Honda Award (1984), and Pac-12 Coach of the Year (2014).

Greg Marsden
Greg Marsden (November 8, 1950) was the NCAA women's gymnastics coach at the University of Utah. He led the Utah Red Rocks to 10 national titles and was named National Coach of the Year 7 times. He also served as the U.S.A. National Women's Team coach in 1987.
Ōtsu
Ōtsu (大津市, Ōtsu-shi) is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2021, the city had an estimated population of 343,991 in 153,458 households and a population density of 740 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 464.51 square kilometres (179.35 sq mi).

Mii-dera
Nagara-san Onjo-ji (長等山園城寺, Nagarasan Onjōji), also known as just Onjo-ji, or Mii-dera (三井寺), is a Buddhist temple in Japan located at the foot of Mount Hiei, in the city of Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture. It is a short distance from both Kyoto, and Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake. The head temple of the Jimon sect of Tendai, it is a sister temple to Enryaku-ji, at the top of the mountain, and is one of the four largest temples in Japan. Altogether, there are 40 named buildings in the Mii-dera complex.

Mii-dera is temple 14 in the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage.
California Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency
The Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency (BCSH) is the California government cabinet-level agency that assists and educates consumers regarding the licensing, regulation, and enforcement of professionals and businesses. The agency is headquartered at the Bank of the West Tower in Sacramento.

California Department of Housing and Community Development
The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) is a department within the California Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency (BCSH) that develops housing policy and building codes (i.e. the California Building Standards Code), regulates manufactured homes and mobile home parks, and administers housing finance, economic development and community development programs.
Plateau des Tourbières
The Plateau of Bogs (French: Plateau des Tourbières [plato de tuʁbjɛʁ]) comprises the highest upland region of Amsterdam Island, a small French territory in the southern Indian Ocean.  Over 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level, it contains the island's highest peaks: Mont de la Dives (881 metres or 2,890 feet), Grande Marmite (742 metres or 2,434 feet) and Mont Fernand (731 metres or 2,398 feet).

Île Amsterdam
Île Amsterdam (French pronunciation: [ilamstɛʁdam]), also known as Amsterdam Island or New Amsterdam (French: Nouvelle-Amsterdam), is an island of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in the southern Indian Ocean that together with neighbouring Île Saint-Paul 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the south forms one of the five districts of the territory.

The island is roughly equidistant to the land masses of Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica – as well as the British Indian Ocean Territory and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (about 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) from each). It is the northernmost volcanic island within the Antarctic Plate.

The research station at Martin-de-Viviès, first called Camp Heurtin and then La Roche Godon, is the only settlement on the island and is the seasonal home to about thirty researchers and staff studying biology, meteorology, and geomagnetics.
Burdenis Glacier
Burdenis Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Бурденис, romanized: lednik Burdenis, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ borˈdɛnis]) is the 6 km long and 1.7 km wide glacier on the east side of the main crest of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica.  It is situated north of Delyo Glacier and south of Gerila Glacier.  The glacier drains the north slopes of Mount Viets and the southeast slopes of the southern summit of Long Gables Peak, flows northeastwards and together with Delyo Glacier and Gerila Glacier joins upper Ellen Glacier north of Bruguière Peak.

The glacier is named after the ancient Roman settlement of Burdenis in Southern Bulgaria.

Ellen Glacier
The Ellen Glacier is a glacier in the central Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It drains the eastern slopes of Mount Anderson and Long Gables and flows generally southeast for 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) to Barnes Ridge, where it leaves the range and enters the south flowing Rutford Ice Stream.

It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Colonel Cicero J. Ellen of the U.S. Air Force, who was in command of many of the air operations when the South Pole Station was established by air drop in the 1956–57 season.
Operad
In mathematics, an operad is a structure that consists of abstract operations, each one having a fixed finite number of inputs (arguments) and one output, as well as a specification of how to compose these operations. Given an operad , one defines an algebra over  to be a set together with concrete operations on this set that behave just like the abstract operations of . For instance, there is a Lie operad  such that the algebras over  are precisely the Lie algebras; in a sense  abstractly encodes the operations that are common to all Lie algebras.  An operad is to its algebras as a group is to its group actions.

Koszul duality
In mathematics, Koszul duality, named after the French mathematician Jean-Louis Koszul, is any of various kinds of dualities found in representation theory of Lie algebras, abstract algebras (semisimple algebra) and topology (e.g., equivariant cohomology). The prototypical example of Koszul duality was introduced by Joseph Bernstein, Israel Gelfand, and Sergei Gelfand. It establishes a duality between the derived category of a symmetric algebra and that of an exterior algebra, as well as the BGG correspondence, which links the stable category of finite-dimensional graded modules over an exterior algebra to the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on projective space. The importance of the notion rests on the suspicion that Koszul duality seems quite ubiquitous in nature.
Directorate of National Palaces
In Turkey, the Directorate of National Palaces (Turkish: Millî Saraylar İdaresi Başkanlığı) is an institution responsible for protecting national palaces across the country. It is affiliated with the office of the President of Turkey.

Aynalıkavak Pavilion
Aynalıkavak Pavilion (Turkish: Aynalıkavak Kasrı) is a former Ottoman pavilion located in the Hasköy neighborhood of Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey. It was constructed during the reign of Sultan Ahmed I (1603–1617), with various additions and changes over time. It is under the administration of the Turkish Directorate of National Palaces.

Pavilion exterior

Window detail

Dome exterior

Dome interior