hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eurymedon Bridge (Aspendos)
The Eurymedon Bridge was a late Roman bridge over the river Eurymedon (modern Köprüçay), near Aspendos, in Pamphylia in southern Anatolia. The foundations and other stone blocks (spolia) of the Roman structure were used by the Seljuqs to build a replacement bridge in the 13th century, the Köprüpazar Köprüsü, which stands to this day. This bridge is characterized by a significant displacement along its mid-line, noticeable by looking at its ancient piers.

Pamphylia
Pamphylia (/pæmˈfɪliə/; Ancient Greek: Παμφυλία, Pamphylía Turkish: Pamfilya) was a region in the south of Asia Minor in Western Asia, between Lycia and Cilicia, extending from the Mediterranean to Mount Taurus (all in modern-day Antalya province, Turkey). It was bounded on the north by Pisidia and was therefore a country of small extent, having a coast-line of only about 120 km (75 miles) with a breadth of about 50 km (30 miles). Under the Roman administration the term Pamphylia was extended so as to include Pisidia and the whole tract up to the frontiers of Phrygia and Lycaonia, and in this wider sense it is employed by Ptolemy.
Templemore
Templemore (Irish: An Teampall Mór, meaning 'the big church') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Eliogarty. It is part of the parish of Templemore, Clonmore and Killea in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

The town's population increased from 1,939 at the 2016 census to 2,005 in the 2022 census.

Brendan Bracken
Brendan Rendall Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken (15 February 1901 – 8 August 1958), was an Irish-born businessman, politician and a Minister of Information and First Lord of the Admiralty in Winston Churchill's War Cabinet.

He is best remembered for supporting Churchill during his whole political career.

A noted publisher and editor, he was also the founder of the modern version of the Financial Times and of the monthly business magazine The Banker, as well as Managing Editor of The Economist.

He was Minister of Information from 1941 to 1945, managing the United Kingdom's propaganda efforts against Nazi Germany during the War.
Suillaceae
The Suillaceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales (suborder Suillineae), containing the boletus-like Suillus, the small truffle-like Truncocolumella, as well as the monotypic genus Psiloboletinus. As of 2008, there are 54 species in the family. Gastrosuillus, once considered a distinct genus, has been shown with molecular analysis to be a recent evolutionary derivative of Suillus. Fuscoboletinus, described by Pomerleau and Smith in 1962, has also been subsumed into Suillus.

Psiloboletinus
Psiloboletinus is a fungal genus in the family Suillaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Psiloboletinus lariceti, first described by mycologist Rolf Singer in 1938 as a species of Phylloporus. Alexander H. Smith disagreed with Singer's generic concept, concluding "No matter what disposition of the type species of Psiloboletinus is eventually made, it is evident that there are no clearly distinctive characters on which to recognize the genus on the basis of Singer's descriptions."
Donets
The Seversky Donets (Russian: Северский Донец) or Siverskyi Donets (Ukrainian: Сіверський Донець), usually simply called the Donets (Russian: Донец, lit. 'Don + - ets, suffix'), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and then again through Russia (Rostov Oblast) to join the river Don, about 100 km (62 mi) from the Sea of Azov. The Donets is the fourth-longest river in Ukraine, and the largest in eastern Ukraine, where it is an important source of fresh water. It gives its name to the Donets Basin, known commonly as the Donbas, an important coal-mining and industrial region in Ukraine.

Donetsk, Rostov Oblast
Donetsk (Russian: Донецк, IPA: [dɐˈnʲetsk] ⓘ, until 1955 Gundorovka, Russian: Гундоровка, Ukrainian: Гундорівка) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River on the border with Ukraine. By road it is located 388 kilometres (241 mi) west of Volgograd. Population: 50,098 (2010 census); 48,040 (2002 census); 48,673 (1989 Soviet census); 38,000 (1970).
Scurlockstown, Portloman
Scurlockstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 6.82 kilometres (4 mi) north–west of Mullingar.

Scurlockstown is one of 8 townlands of the civil parish of Portloman in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 151 acres (0.61 km2). The neighbouring townlands are: Monroe to the north, Portloman to the east, Ballard and Lugnagullagh to the south, Johnstown to the south–west and Monroe or Johnstown (Nugent) to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 3 houses and 11 inhabitants in the townland.

There are other townlands with the name Scurlockstown, in County Meath, and County Westmeath.

Johnstown, Templeoran
Johnstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 8.3 kilometres (5 mi) north‑west of Mullingar.

Johnstown is one of 12 townlands of the civil parish of Templeoran in the barony of Moygoish in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 936.42 acres (3.7896 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Ballyedward to the north, Wattstown to the north–east, Monroe to the north–east, Monroe or Johnstown (Nugent) to the east, Scurlockstown and Lugnagullagh to the south–east, Slane Beg to the south, Sonna Demesne to the west and Piercefield or Templeoran to the north–east.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 18 houses and 74 inhabitants in the townland.
Publications about disinformation
This list of Publications about disinformation includes books, magazines, academic journals, and other media within disinformation research whose primary focus is understanding, countering, and dealing with disinformation, misinformation, and related topics.

Disinformation research
Disinformation research, also called disinformation studies or misinformation research, is an academic research field that aims to understand and counter disinformation, misinformation, and malinformation. The field provides a systemic framework and research methods for studying multiple interrelated phenomena of deceptive practices, like fake news and conspiracy theories, with particular attention to the online manipulation tools and tactics used to distort public perception with the intent to harm or profit.

This academic field should not be confused with the disinformation phenomenon, because disinformation research is a multidisciplinary academic project that is broader in scope, in that it includes multiple forms of media and Internet manipulation ranging from fake news websites to conspiracy theories on social media.
Greenhill, Dorset
Greenhill is a suburb to the northeast of Weymouth in Dorset, England, with a sand and shingle beach.

The A353 road, locally known as Greenhill, runs parallel and close to the beach. To the northeast it becomes Preston Road, leading to the village of Preston. Also to the northeast along the coast are Furzy Cliff, Jordan Hill, and Bowleaze Cove. To the southwest is the sandy Weymouth Beach and seaward is Weymouth Bay.

The suburb contains Greenhill Gardens.

Greenhill Gardens, Weymouth
Greenhill Gardens is a public garden in Weymouth, Dorset, England, on the edge of the town centre, sloping up from the beach and promenade, and overlooking Weymouth's seafront and across the bay. It is in Weymouth's northeastern suburb Greenhill.
Usher's Island (band)
Usher's Island is an Irish folk band featuring Andy Irvine, Dónal Lunny, Paddy Glackin, Michael McGoldrick and John Doyle. Their repertoire consists of Irish traditional songs and tunes (reels, jigs, slip jigs, hornpipes), as well as songs written by Irvine and Doyle, respectively.

Michael McGoldrick
Michael McGoldrick (born 26 November 1971, in Manchester, England) is a folk musician who plays Irish flute, uilleann pipes, low whistle and bodhran. He also plays other instruments such as acoustic guitar, cittern, and mandolin.
Revolving Doors of Vengeance
Revolving Doors of Vengeance (Traditional Chinese: 酒店風雲) is a 30-episode TVB series which was released in 2005. The fictional Royal Court Hotel is based on Crown Prince Hotel, which is located in Dongguan, Guangdong province of China.

David Chiang
David Chiang Tai-wai (born 29 June 1947) is a Hong Kong actor, director, producer and martial artist. A well-known martial arts actor formerly from Shaw Brothers Studio in the 1970s, he has appeared in over 130 films and 30 television series.
Warner Music Africa
Warner Music Africa (WMA) (formerly Warner Music South Africa) is a music corporation of the global record label Warner Music Group, founded on 5 December 2013. with its South Africa arm managing artist development, marketing, and distribution for Warner Music artists in Africa, with its corporate headquarters located in 1 Saxon Rd, Hyde Park, Sandton, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Gallo Record Company
Gallo Record Company is the largest (and oldest independent) record label in South Africa. It is based in Johannesburg, and is owned by Arena Holdings. The current Gallo Record Company is a hybrid of two South African record labels, rivals between the 1940s and 1980s: the original Gallo Africa (1926–85) and G.R.C. (Gramophone Record Company, 1939–85). In 1985, Gallo Africa acquired G.R.C.; as a result, Gallo Africa became known as Gallo-GRC. Five years after the acquisition, the company was renamed Gallo Record Company.
Subottsi rural hromada
Subottsi rural hromada is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast. Its administrative center is the village Subottsi.

It has an area of 532.6 square kilometres (205.6 mi2), and a population of 11,832 people.

The hromada contains 23 villages: Subottsi, Bohdanivka, Kostyantynivka, Trepivka, Barvinivka, Vasyne, Volodymyrivka, Hlyboka Balka, Dilyno-Kamianka, Kopani, Kokhanivka, Kucherivka, Milova Balka, Moshoryne, Novovodyane, Novopolyana, Novoromanivka, Novotrepivka, Sablyne, Spaso-Mozharivka, and Topylo.

Kropyvnytskyi Raion
Kropyvnytskyi Raion is a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Kropyvnytskyi (until July 2016 Kirovohrad). Population: 429,585 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kirovohrad Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Kropyvnytskyi Raion was significantly expanded. Seven abolished raions, Bobrynets, Dolynska, Kompaniivka, Novhorodka, Oleksandrivka, Ustynivka, and Znamianka Raions, as well as Kropyvnytskyi and Znamianka Municipalities, were merged into Kropyvnytskyi Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 36,353 (2020 est.).

The district was known as Kirovohrad Raion until November 2018, when it was renamed in accordance with the decommunisation law.
Kennebunk, Maine
Kennebunk /ˈkɛniˌbʌŋk/ is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 11,536 at the 2020 census. Kennebunk is home to several beaches, the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge, the 1799 Kennebunk Inn, many historic shipbuilders' homes, the Brick Store Museum and the Nature Conservancy Kennebunk Plains (known locally as the Blueberry Plains), with 1,500 acres (6 km2) of nature trails and blueberry fields.

The municipality includes the constituent villages of Kennebunk Village (Town), the Lower Village (Lower Kennebunk), Kennebunk Landing (the Landing), Bartlett Mills, West Kennebunk, Kennebunk Beach, Lords Point, Coopers Corner Crossing, Sea Roads Crossing, Webahennet Grove, and Vinegarhill, Cheshire Commons, Kennebunk Meadows, and various newer neighborhoods. It does not include Kennebunkport, which is a separate town.

York County, Maine
York County is both the southernmost and the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Maine, along the state of New Hampshire's eastern border. It is divided from Strafford County, New Hampshire, by the Salmon Falls River and the connected tidal estuary, the Piscataqua River. York County was permanently established in 1636. Several of Maine's earliest colonial settlements are found in the county, which is the state's oldest and one of the oldest in the United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 211,972, making it Maine's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Alfred. York County is part of the Portland–South Portland, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Drumballyhagan
Drumballyhagan and Drumballyhagan Clark (locally [ˌdrӧmˌbaliˈhaɡən], from Irish  Droim Bhaile Uí Ágáin 'ridge of O'Hagans townland') are two townlands lying within the civil parish of Kilcronaghan, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Situated in the north of the parish, the two townlands are separated by the Moyola River, of which the southern portion was held by a person surnamed "Clark". Together they are bounded by the townlands of; Ballynahone Beg, Bracaghreilly, Drumcrow, Fallagloon, Lisnamuck, Moneyshanere, and Tobermore. It was apportioned to the Vintners company.

The townland was part of Tobermore electoral ward of the former Magherafelt District Council, however in 1926 it was part of Tobermore district electoral division as part of the Maghera division of Magherafelt Rural District. It was also part of the historic barony of Loughinsholin.

Bracaghreilly
Bracaghreilly is a townland lying within the civil parish of Maghera, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. It lies on the west boundary of the parish, and is bounded by the townlands of; Drumballyhagan, Fallagloon, Glenshane, Kirley, and Lisnamuck. It was apportioned to the Drapers company.

The townland in 1926 was part of Carnamoney district electoral division as part of the Draperstown dispensary (registrar's) district of Magherafelt Rural District. As part of Maghera civil parish,  Bracaghreilly also lies within the historic barony of Loughinsholin.
Maximum harmonisation
Maximum harmonisation is a term used in EU law.

If a piece of law (usually a directive but occasionally also a regulation) is described as maximum harmonisation, national law may not exceed the terms of the legislation.  In practice, that prohibits gold-plating of EU legislation when it is transposed into national law.

It may also result in the repeal or amendment of existing national law, such as the effect of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive on the British Trade Descriptions Act 1968.

Traditionally it was fairly uncommon for European legislation to be drafted on such a basis.  However, deregulation has risen in the political agenda in the EU, as have concerns that member states occasionally use the national implementation of EU law as an opportunity to indulge in backdoor protectionism.

It is quite common for a directive or recommendation to consist of a mixture of maximum harmonisation and minimum harmonisation clauses.

Gold-plating (EU law)
Gold-plating is a term used to characterise the process whereby the powers of an EU directive are extended when being transposed into the national laws of a member state.

In an operational study relating to the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, the European Commission treats gold-plating as a source of interference with policy outcomes, defining gold-plating as "an excess of norms, guidelines and procedures accumulated at national, regional and local levels, which interfere with the expected policy goals to be achieved by such regulation". Business lobbyists generally argue against gold-plating, because additional regulation tends to raise costs for businesses, but there are a few companies who stand to benefit from it.

In case of gold-plating, the European Court of Justice does in fact have jurisdiction to interpret EU law, even if the case at hand is not directly governed by EU law.
SS Rohilla
Rohilla was a passenger steamer of the British India Steam Navigation Company which was built for service between the UK and India, and as a troopship. After becoming a hospital ship in the First World War, she ran aground in October 1914, near Whitby, and then salvaged out of the water by James Weatherill. The wreck resulted in the loss of 83 lives.

Whitby Lifeboat Station
Whitby Lifeboat Station is located at Market Place, on the east side of the River Esk in Whitby, a seaside town and port in North Yorkshire, England. It is one of eight lifeboat stations situated along the Yorkshire coast.

Whitby has had a lifeboat station since 1802, with management of the station transferring to the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) in 1861. In its 200 plus year history, Whitby has had seven different lifeboat stations (although not all operated at the same time). An eighth lifeboat station was located at Upgang, just up the coast from Whitby, and whilst it was considered separate from Whitby, it was crewed by Whitby lifeboat men.

The station currently operates two lifeboats; a 13-metre (43 ft) Shannon-class All-weather lifeboat (ALB), 13-49 Lois Ivan (ON 1356), on station since 2023, and the smaller D-class (IB1) Inshore lifeboat (ILB), Warter Priory (D-810), on station since 2017.
92nd Street Y
92nd Street Y, New York (92NY) is a cultural and community center located in the  Carnegie Hill neighborhood of the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City, at the corner of East 92nd Street and Lexington Avenue. Founded in 1874 as the Young Men's Hebrew Association, the 92nd Street Y (often simply called "the Y") transformed from a secular social club to a large arts and cultural center in the 20th century.

Upper East Side
The Upper East Side (sometimes abbreviated UES) is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded approximately by 96th Street to the north, the East River to the east, 59th Street to the south, and Central Park and Fifth Avenue to the west. The neighborhood area incorporates several smaller neighborhoods, including Lenox Hill, Carnegie Hill, and Yorkville. Once known as the Silk Stocking District, it has long been the wealthiest neighborhood in New York City.

The Upper East Side is part of Manhattan Community District 8, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10021, 10028, 10065, 10075, and 10128. It is patrolled by the 19th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
American Baptist Association
The American Baptist Association (ABA) is a Baptist denomination in the United States with offices, a book store, and a publishing house in Texarkana. One of the principal founders was the Reverend Ben M. Bogard (1868–1951), a pastor of Antioch Missionary Baptist Church at Little Rock, Arkansas.

Ben M. Bogard
Benjamin Marcus "Ben" Bogard (March 9, 1868 – May 29, 1951) was a Missionary Baptist pastor, writer, educator, radio broadcaster, and champion debater in primarily the U.S. state of Arkansas. In 1924, Bogard participated in founding the American Baptist Association. In 1928, Bogard successfully pushed for an Arkansas state law which banned the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools; the law was overturned by the United States Supreme Court in 1968, seventeen years after Bogard's death.

He was a chief proponent of the Landmark Movement, which attributes an unbroken continuity and legitimacy to the Baptist churches since Apostolic times.
Robust statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods have been developed for many common problems, such as estimating location, scale, and regression parameters. One motivation is to produce statistical methods that are not unduly affected by outliers. Another motivation is to provide methods with good performance when there are small departures from a parametric distribution. For example, robust methods work well for mixtures of two normal distributions with different standard deviations; under this model, non-robust methods like a t-test work poorly.

Efficiency (statistics)
In statistics, efficiency is a measure of quality of an estimator, of an experimental design, or of a hypothesis testing procedure.  Essentially, a more efficient estimator needs fewer input data or observations than a less efficient one to achieve the Cramér–Rao bound. 
An efficient estimator is characterized by having the smallest possible variance, indicating that there is a small deviance between the estimated value and the "true" value in the L2 norm sense.

The relative efficiency of two procedures is the ratio of their efficiencies, although often this concept is used where the comparison is made between a given procedure and a notional "best possible" procedure. The efficiencies and the relative efficiency of two procedures theoretically depend on the sample size available for the given procedure, but it is often possible to use the asymptotic relative efficiency (defined as the limit of the relative efficiencies as the sample size grows) as the principal comparison measure.
Wenfeng Ge
Wenfeng Ge (Chinese: 葛文峰; pinyin: Wenfeng Ge; born 22 April 1987) is a Chinese professional boxer. He held the WBO Oriental Flyweight title after defeating former World Champion Amnat Ruenroeng of Thailand on November 21, 2017, and the WBO International Flyweight Title after defeating Filipino Ivan Soriano last August 24, 2018. Ge challenge Giemel Magramo of the Philippines for the unification of the WBO International and Oriental Flyweight Titles, but failed in a 10th round RTD loss.

Giemel Magramo
Giemel Abuan Magramo (born 5 October 1994) is a Filipino professional boxer, who challenged for the WBO flyweight title in 2020. As of December 2021, he is ranked as the world's sixth best active flyweight by BoxRec, and tenth by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board
The Guild League
The Guild League was an Australian indie pop band which included material from rap style ("Siamese Couplets") to a cappella works. It was led by Tali White on lead vocals (of the Lucksmiths), initially as a side project, from 2001. The band released three albums Private Transport (2002), Inner North (2004) and Speak Up (2008). In 2012, the group disbanded but occasionally reformed for one-off performances.

The Lucksmiths
The Lucksmiths were an Australian indie pop band formed in March 1993 by Marty Donald on guitar, Mark Monnone on bass guitar and Tali White on drums and lead vocals. Louis Richter (ex-Mid State Orange) joined on guitar in 2005. They released eight studio albums, First Tape (1 September 1993), The Green Bicycle Case (July 1995), What Bird Is That? (September 1996), A Good Kind of Nervous (1997), Why That Doesn't Surprise Me (5 March 2001), Naturaliste (10 March 2003), Warmer Corners (4 April 2005) and First Frost (2008), before disbanding in August 2009.
Lisle, Illinois
Lisle (/ˈlaɪəl/ LY-əl) is a village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Lisle had a population of 24,223. It is a south-western suburb of Chicago in the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor. It is also the headquarters of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region III.

Illinois Technology and Research Corridor
The Illinois Technology and Research Corridor is a region of commerce and industry located along Interstate 88 in the Chicago metropolitan area, primarily in Cook, DuPage, Kane, and DeKalb Counties.  The corridor is home to the headquarters or regional centers for many Fortune 1000 companies (including many specializing in research, development, logistics, and technology), several office and industrial parks, colleges and universities, research and scientific institutions, medical centers, government centers, and abundant shopping, dining, lodging, and entertainment amenities.  In addition to the I-90 Golden Corridor, the I-94 Lakeshore Corridor, and the I-55 Industrial Corridor, the Illinois Technology and Research Corridor is one of the principal economic centers in suburban Chicago.