hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Crataegus spathulata
Crataegus spathulata is a species of hawthorn known by the common name littlehip hawthorn. It is native to the southeastern United States. It has very attractive small delicate leaves with a bluish appearance, pretty flowers and small orange to red fruit.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
I.E. America Radio Network
i.e. America Radio Network was a Detroit-based radio network consisting primarily of liberal talk and lifestyle shows. They were owned by the United Auto Workers (UAW) and broadcast nationally from 1996 to 2004, via radio stations and a webcast.

The network was an outgrowth of networks established by populist talk radio host Charles "Chuck" Harder (c.1943-2018) beginning in 1987. Harder was an early investor in the network in its final form but pulled out of the venture amid disputes with the UAW.

Thom Hartmann
Thomas Carl Hartmann (born May 7, 1951) is an American radio personality, author, businessman, and progressive political commentator.  Hartmann has been hosting a nationally syndicated radio show, The Thom Hartmann Program, since 2003 and hosted a nightly television show, The Big Picture, between 2010 and 2017.
Tanaka Power Equipment
Tanaka Power Equipment was a company manufacturing small internal combustion engines and associated light machinery.  During the 1960s and 1970s they built the popular Bike Bug bolt-on motor for bicycles, which was also adapted for marine use as well as being sold through Sears rebadged the Sears Free Spirit.

Tanaka is a fourth-generation, family-owned company, and is now primarily active in the market for two-stroke powered, handheld, outdoor power equipment, with a customer base including both domestic and trade users. Recently Tanaka has been backed financially by Hitachi Koki, but little else has changed.

In 2021, Koki holdings ceased production of all 2-stroke engine products, thus ending production of all Tanaka products.

Motorized bicycle
A motorized bicycle is a bicycle with a motor or engine and transmission used either to power the vehicle unassisted, or to assist with pedalling. Since it sometimes retains both pedals and a discrete connected drive for rider-powered propulsion, the motorized bicycle is in technical terms a true bicycle, albeit a power-assisted one. Typically they are incapable of speeds above 52 km/h (32 mph); however, in recent years larger motors have been built, allowing bikes to reach speeds of upwards of 113 km/h (70 mph).

Powered by a variety of engine types and designs, the motorized bicycle formed the prototype for what would later become the motor driven cycle.
Danish Security and Intelligence Service
The Danish Security and Intelligence Service (DSIS; Danish: Politiets Efterretningstjeneste, lit. 'Police Intelligence Service', PET) is the national security and intelligence agency of Denmark. The agency focuses solely on national security while foreign intelligence operations are handled by the Danish Defense Intelligence Service.

The stated overall purpose of PET is to "prevent, investigate and counter operations and activities that pose or may pose a threat to the preservation of Denmark as a free, democratic and safe country".

Police of Denmark
The Police of Denmark (Danish: Politiet; Faroese: Løgreglan; Greenlandic: Politiit) is the national police force and the internal part of the Danish security forces (the Danish Defence being the external) in the Danish Realm (Denmark proper, Greenland and Faroe Islands). The police are empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order, as well as being responsible for border control.
Comparison of Q&A sites
The following is a list of websites that follow a question-and-answer format. The list contains only websites for which an article exists, dedicated either wholly or at least partly to the websites.

The most visited Q&A sites is Quora and Stack Exchange.

For the humor "Q&A site" format first popularized by Forum 2000 and The Conversatron, see Q&A comedy website.

Quora
Quora is an American social question-and-answer website and online knowledge market headquartered in Mountain View, California. It was founded on June 25, 2009, and made available to the public on June 21, 2010. Users can post questions, answer questions, and comment on answers that have been submitted by other users.

As of 2020, the website was visited by 300 million users a month. Since its founding by former Facebook employees, the company has grown to a valuation of approximately $2 billion and expanded into the artificial intelligence sector with the 2023 launch of its chatbot platform, Poe.
Nakhl Gardani
Nakhl Gardani (Persian: نخل گردانی, Persian pronunciation: [næxl ɡærdɑːniː]) or Nakhl Bardari is a Shia religious ritual carried out on the day of Ashura for commemorating the death of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Moḥammad and third Shia Imam. Nakhl is a wooden structure used as a symbolic representation of the Imam's coffin and Nakhl Gardani is the act of carrying the Nakhl from one place to another, resembling an Imam's funeral.

The ritual is carried out in many cities of Iran among them Yazd, Taft, Kashan and Shahroud.

Amir Chakhmaq Complex
The Amir Chakhmaq Complex (Persian: مجموعه میدان امیرچخماق, romanized: Majmūʿa Meydân Amir Čaqmaq) is a prominent structure in Yazd, Iran, noted for its symmetrical sunken alcoves. It is a mosque located on a square of the same name. It also contains a caravanserai, a tekyeh, a bathhouse, a cold water well, and a confectionery. At night, the building is lit up after twilight hours after sun set with orange lighting in the arched alcoves which makes it a spectacle. During the Iran–Iraq War and the Iraq wars with the United States and Afghanistan, many Iraqis and Afghanis came to inhabit the Amir Chakhmaq Square.
Frances Partridge
Frances Catherine Partridge CBE (née Marshall; 15 March 1900 – 5 February 2004) was an English writer. Closely connected to the Bloomsbury Group, she is probably best known for the publication of her diaries. She married Ralph Partridge (1894 – 30 November 1960) in 1933.  The couple had one son, (Lytton) Burgo Partridge (1935–1963).

David Garnett
David Garnett (9 March 1892 – 17 February 1981) was an English writer and publisher. As a child, he had a cloak made of rabbit skin and thus received the nickname "Bunny", by which he was known to friends and intimates all his life.
Bryn, Greater Manchester
Bryn is a suburb of Ashton-in-Makerfield in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. The population of the suburb at the 2011 census was 11,662. Served by Bryn railway station, Bryn is home to the Three Sisters Recreation Area which has been created from three large spoil tips which remain from Bryn's role in Lancashire's coal mining past.

Three Sisters Recreation Area
Three Sisters Recreation Area is located in Bryn, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester, England. In 2011 it was designated a Local Nature Reserve.

The area was reclaimed from three coal mining spoil tips and an old golf course during the 1970s and now comprises a large area of woodlands and ponds. It has become a flagship example of brownfield regeneration in Greater Manchester. The site also contains a popular motorsport race circuit, used mainly by karts. During the 1980s and 1990s Three Sisters also had a popular BMX track, featuring the Wigan Whoops and King Kong obstacles.
2013 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix
The 2013 FIS Ski Jumping Grand Prix was the 20th Summer Grand Prix season in ski jumping on plastic for men and the 2nd for ladies.

Season began on 26 July 2013 in Hinterzarten, Germany and ends on 3 October 2013 in Klingenthal, Germany.

For men Andreas Wellinger was the overall and team of Germany was the Nations Cup winner.

For ladies Sara Takanashi was the overall and team of Japan was the Nations Cup winner.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup, Continental Cup and Alpen Cup.

2013–14 FIS Ski Jumping Alpen Cup
The 2013/14 FIS Ski Jumping Alpen Cup was the 24th Alpen Cup season in ski jumping for men and the 6th for ladies. It began on 14 August 2013 in Pöhla, Germany and ended on 9 March 2014 in Chaux-Neuve, France.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup, Grand Prix and Continental Cup.
Zoo Weekly
Zoo was a British softcore lad magazine published weekly by Bauer Media Group with periods of an Australian and South African editions. It was launched on 29 January 2004, and for a time was the UK's only men's weekly after the similar and rival magazine Nuts closed in April 2014.

On 17 November 2015, Zoo announced on its website that it would be suspending publication.

Zoo consisted of a mix of comedy news, sports commentary, photos of glamour models, jokes (of the pub joke style), an entertainments guide (covering TV, cinema, video/computer games and music), fashion/grooming and comical/rude pictures sent in by readers.

Bauer Media Group
Heinrich Bauer Publishing (German: Heinrich Bauer Verlag KG), trading as Bauer Media Group, is a German multimedia conglomerate headquartered in Hamburg. It operates worldwide and owns more than 600 magazines, over 400 digital products and 50 radio and TV stations, as well as print shops, postal, distribution and marketing services. It also operates out-of-home advertising across Europe, following its takeover of Clear Channel Europe in April 2025. Bauer has a workforce of approximately 11,000 in 17 countries.

Bauer Verlagsgruppe has been managed by five generations of the Bauer family. In November 2010, Heinz Heinrich's daughter Yvonne Bauer became CEO and 85% owner of the Bauer Media Group after joining the family business in 2005.

In February 2021, Bauer Media Group announced it was to acquire Ireland's Communicorp Group, subject to regulatory approval. The acquisition was completed on 1 June 2021.
Police uniforms and equipment in the United Kingdom
Police uniforms and equipment in the United Kingdom vary enormously per force or service, and different uniforms and equipment is used for different situations. Both what is worn and what is carried have varied considerably from the inception of the earliest recognisable mainstream police services in the early 19th century. As various laws in the mid-19th century standardised policing in the United Kingdom, so too were uniforms and equipment. From a variety of home grown uniforms, bicycles, swords and pistols the British police force evolved in look and equipment through the long coats and top hat, to the recognisable modern uniform of a white shirt, black tie, reflective jackets, body armour, and the battenburg-marked vehicles, to the present-day Airwave Solutions radios, electric vehicles and tasers.

The lists of police uniforms and equipment here are not exhaustive, nor specific for each force, but give a general overview of typical 'kit' used in the United Kingdom.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
Talisman (board game)
Talisman: The Magical Quest Game is a fantasy-themed adventure board game for two to six players, originally designed and produced by Games Workshop. The game was first released in 1983 and has gone through three revisions. As of 2024, the fifth edition (2024) is the latest version. The board game sold over 800,000 units by 2000.

From 2008 to 2017 Fantasy Flight Games produced Talisman under license from Games Workshop. Beginning in 2019, Pegasus Spiele took over production of Talisman and all of the game expansions.

As of 2025 a 5th edition of the game is being sold under license from Games Workshop by Avalon Hill.

Adventure board game
An adventure board game is a board game in which a player plays as a unique individual character that improves through gameplay. This improvement is commonly reflected in terms of increasing character attributes, but also in receiving new abilities or equipment.
Assolo
Assolo (Sardinian: Assolu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 479 and an area of 16.3 square kilometres (6.3 sq mi).

Assolo borders the following municipalities: Albagiara, Genoni, Nureci, Senis, Villa Sant'Antonio.

Nureci
Nureci is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 379 and an area of 12.9 square kilometres (5.0 sq mi).

Nureci borders the following municipalities: Assolo, Genoni, Laconi, Senis.
FAW Jilin
FAW Jilin (一汽吉林) is a subsidiary of the First Automobile Works and a maker of mini vehicles, small trucks and vans that see commercial use. It is located in Jilin City, Jilin province, China.

Founded in 1980, FAW purchased Jilin in 1987. Since October 2005, it was in a joint venture with Daihatsu Motor Co. of Japan, but this was dissolved in January 2010. Jilin retains production rights to the vehicles built and also retains the production facilities.

In 2019,  Shandong Baoya New Energy Automotive Co., Ltd. (Baoya New Energy) acquired a 70.5% equity stake in FAW Jilin for ¥1.5 billion. Following this capital increase and expansion of shares, FAW Group's equity in FAW Jilin has been diluted from 100% to 29.50%.

Jiabao V52
The Jiabao V52 and Jiabao V55 is a five- to eight-seater Microvan made by FAW Jilin under the Jiabao sub-brand. The pickup body counterparts are sold as the Jiabao T50 and Jiabao T57.

The Jiabao V52 and V55 are successors of the original cabover design Jiabao CA6361 sold from 1999 to 2009 and the rear half of the van body were carried-over to the V52 and V55 models while the pickup variant of the Jiabao CA6361 continued production and sold as the Jiabao T51.
John Ewart
John Reford Ewart (26 February 1928 – 8 March 1994) was an Australian actor of radio, stage, television and film. Ewart was a double nominee (and one/time winner) of the AACTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Australians (TV series)
Australians (also known as Michael Willesee's Australians) is a thirteen part anthology documentary drama series which screened on the Seven Network in 1988.

A lavishly illustrated spin-off coffee table book was released the same year. It was written by Roger McDonald and published Bantam Books.

The series was not the idea of Willesee's, but his company, Transmedia was involved.
Takeda Katsuyori
Takeda Katsuyori (武田 勝頼; 1546 – 11 March 1582) was a Japanese daimyō (military lord) of the Sengoku period, who was famed as the head of the Takeda clan and the successor to the legendary warlord Takeda Shingen. He was son-in-law of Hojo Ujiyasu, daimyō of Hojo clan.

Siege of Takatō (1582)
In the history of Japan, the 1582 siege of Takatō (高遠城の戦い) was one of the final battles of the Takeda clan against the forces of Oda Nobunaga. The only Takeda stronghold in Shinano province to put up any resistance to Nobunaga's final invasion of Takeda domain (in February 1582), the castle was taken by storm on March the 2nd 1582.
Buel House
The Buel House is a single-family house and historic site in Golconda, Illinois on the Ohio River.  The house, built in 1840, is owned by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency and is operated by the Pope County Historical Society.

Illinois Historic Preservation Division
The Illinois Historic Preservation Division, formerly Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, is a governmental agency of the U.S. state of Illinois, and is a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.  It is tasked with the duty of maintaining State-owned historic sites, and maximizing their educational and recreational value to visitors or on-line users.  In addition, it manages the process for applications within the state for additions to the National Register of Historic Places and other federal preservation schemes.
Michele Weiner-Davis
Michele Weiner-Davis is a licensed clinical social worker, marriage and family therapist and author in the field of family therapy. She is frequently quoted in the media and has been interviewed significantly on television news programs regarding divorce prevention. Weiner-Davis has often been referred to as The Divorce Buster after coining the term “divorce busting” at an American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy conference in 1989. She currently writes a regular column, Divorce Busting: Musings From an Unabashed Marriage Saver in Psychology Today.

Divorce Busting
Divorce Busting:A Step-By-Step Approach to Making Your Marriage Loving Again is a self-help book written by Michele Weiner-Davis.

The book, which became a bestseller, was inspired after obtaining positive results in therapy with married couples. The book also challenged mainstream psychotherapeutic techniques at the time.

Weiner-Davis maintains throughout the book that marriages are worth saving and when relationships are in a crisis situation an action-oriented approach needs to be taken in order to save the relationship. Success of the book Divorce Busting lead to the opening of the "Divorce Busting Center" that utilizes telephone coaching and free online community forums.
Sulawesi leaf warbler
The Sulawesi leaf warbler (Phylloscopus nesophilus) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae.
It is found only in Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. The Sulawesi leaf warbler (P. nesophilus) was formerly considered conspecific with the Lompobattang leaf warbler and both were grouped under the name P. sarasinorum, but more recent analyses indicate that it is a distinct species.

Leaf warbler
Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus Phylloscopus.

Leaf warblers were formerly included in the Old World warbler family but are now considered to belong to the family Phylloscopidae, introduced in 2006. The family originally included the genus Seicercus, but all species have been moved to Phylloscopus in the most recent classification. Leaf warblers are active, constantly moving, often flicking their wings as they glean the foliage for insects along the branches of trees and bushes. They forage at various levels within forests, from the top canopy to the understorey. Most of the species are markedly territorial both in their summer and winter quarters. Most are greenish or brownish above and off-white or yellowish below. Compared to some other "warblers", their songs are very simple. Species breeding in temperate regions are usually strongly migratory.
Cantiere Navale Triestino
Cantiere Navale Triestino – abbreviated CNT, or in English Trieste Naval Shipyard – was a private shipbuilding company based at Monfalcone operating in the early 20th century. The yard still functions today, though under a different name.

Monfalcone
Monfalcone (Italian pronunciation: [moɱfalˈkoːne]; Bisiacco: Mofalcòn; Friulian: Monfalcon; Slovene: Tržič; archaic German: Falkenberg) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, located on the Gulf of Trieste. Its name means 'falcon mountain' (see Montfaucon in French and Falkenberg in Germanic languages).

It is a major industrial centre for manufacturing ships, airplanes, textiles, chemicals, and refined oil, and is home to one of Fincantieri's main shipyards. Monfalcone is the northernmost city on the Mediterranean Sea.
Myx
Myx (/ˈmɪks/, stylized as MYX or myx and pronounced as mix) is a Filipino pay television channel based in Quezon City and owned by Creative Programs, a subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corporation. The channel is targeted to youth audience with music video as its primary content.

It was introduced as a programming block on free-to air television through the now-defunct television network Studio 23 in 2000, airing in morning, afternoon and late evening time slots. A standalone 24-hour pay channel was introduced in 2002, and an international version of the channel was created in 2007. Myx is notable for showing lyrics on music videos which was adapted from karaoke, a popular pastime in Asia. Since 2006, Myx has given the annual Myx Music Awards to the most influential personalities in the Philippine music industry.

Creative Programs
Creative Programs, Inc. (CPI) is a subsidiary of ABS-CBN Corporation that operates and distributes pay TV channels and provides pay-per-view services to direct-to-home satellite and cable television providers in the Philippines. Since 2019, CPI also engages in book and magazine publishing through its subsidiary ABS-CBN Publishing, following their merger.
Zoe Ball
Zoe Louise Ball (born 23 November 1970) is a British broadcaster and presenter. She was the first female host of the Radio 1 and Radio 2 breakfast shows for the BBC, and in 2024 was confirmed as the second-highest paid BBC presenter after Gary Lineker.

In 2018, Ball was announced as the new host of The Radio 2 Breakfast Show and took over from Chris Evans in January 2019, before stepping down from the programme in December 2024.

Ball presented the children's show Live & Kicking, alongside Jamie Theakston, from 1996 to 1999. In 2005, she was a contestant in the third series of Strictly Come Dancing. Following this, in 2011 she replaced Claudia Winkleman as host of the BBC Two spin-off show Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two until her departure in 2021. Ball also hosted the Strictly Come Dancing Live Tour in 2011 and 2015.

The Nation's Favourite
The Nation's Favourite... is a British documentary series, celebrating music by a particular artist or popular genre, including ABBA, the Beatles, the Bee Gees, the Carpenters, Elton John, Elvis Presley, and Queen.

To date, 19 episodes have been shown with a variety of celebrity narrators, including David Walliams, Alison Steadman, Victoria Wood, Zoe Ball, Matt Lucas, Craig Charles, Rufus Hound, Fearne Cotton, Amanda Holden, and Stephen Mulhern.

Most Nation's Favourites are 90 minutes in duration. Each episode features exclusive interviews with the featured band or artist, as well as their songwriters, producers, musicians and celebrity fans. The series was made by Shiver (formerly part of ITV Studios).