hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scramjet
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow.  As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ramjet), but whereas a ramjet decelerates the air to subsonic velocities before combustion using shock cones, a scramjet has no shock cone and slows the airflow using shockwaves produced by its ignition source in place of a shock cone. This allows the scramjet to operate efficiently at extremely high speeds.

Although scramjet engines have been used in a handful of operational military vehicles, scramjets have so far mostly been demonstrated in research test articles and experimental vehicles.

Airbreathing jet engine
An airbreathing jet engine (or ducted jet engine) is a jet engine in which the exhaust gas which supplies jet propulsion is atmospheric air, which is taken in, compressed, heated, and expanded back to atmospheric pressure through a propelling nozzle. Compression may be provided by a gas turbine, as in the original turbojet and newer turbofan, or arise solely from the ram pressure of the vehicle's velocity, as with the ramjet and pulsejet.

All practical airbreathing jet engines heat the air by burning fuel. Alternatively a heat exchanger may be used, as in a nuclear-powered jet engine. Most modern jet engines are turbofans, which are more fuel efficient than turbojets because the thrust supplied by the gas turbine is augmented by bypass air passing through a ducted fan.
Chrism
Chrism, also called myrrh, myron, holy anointing oil, and consecrated oil, is a consecrated oil used in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Nordic Lutheran, Anglican, and Old Catholic churches in the administration of certain sacraments and ecclesiastical functions.

Laying on of hands
The laying on of hands is a widely-used religious practice.

In Judaism, semikhah (Hebrew: סמיכה, "leaning [of the hands]") accompanies the conferring of a blessing or authority. In Christian churches, chirotony is used as both a symbolic and formal method of invoking the Holy Spirit primarily during baptisms and confirmations, healing services, blessings, and ordination of priests, ministers, elders, deacons, and other church officers, along with a variety of other church sacraments and holy ceremonies.
The S&M Man
"The S&M Man" sampleⓘ is a drinking song parodying the 1972 hit song "The Candy Man". "The S&M Man" is well known and commonly sung by Hash House Harriers, Rugby union players, fraternity members, fighter pilots, and Marines. This song also has been used as a running cadence in the military.

Drinking song
A drinking song is a song that is sung before or during alcohol consumption. Most drinking songs are folk songs or commercium songs, and may be varied from person to person and region to region, in both the lyrics and in the music.

In Germany, drinking songs are called Trinklieder. In Sweden, where they are called dryckesvisor or snapsvisor, there are drinking songs associated with Christmas, Midsummer, and other celebrations. An example of such a song is "Helan går". In Spain, "Asturias, patria querida" (the anthem of Asturias) is usually depicted as a drinking song. In France, historical types of drinking songs are chanson pour boire and air à boire.
William G. Borchert
William G. Borchert (September 9, 1933 – October 1, 2022) was an American screenwriter and author who wrote the script for the 1989 film My Name is Bill W., based on the true story of Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill Wilson.

Borchert was born in Brooklyn, New York, on September 9, 1933. In 2005, he published a book about Bill Wilson's wife, Lois, called The Lois Wilson Story: When Love is Not Enough. A TV-movie with the same title, based on the book, was released in 2010. Borchert was also a director of Stepping Stones Foundation, the home of the Wilsons in New York. A second book, 1,000 Years of Sobriety: 20 People x 50 Years (2010), co-authored with Michael Fitzpatrick, tells the story of twenty pioneers of Alcoholics Anonymous from United States, Canada, Australia & New Zealand.

Borchert died on October 1, 2022, at the age of 89.

Bill W.
William Griffith Wilson (November 26, 1895 – January 24, 1971), also known as Bill Wilson or Bill W., was an American businessman who co-conceived and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), with fellow co-founder Bob Smith.

AA is an international mutual aid fellowship with about two million members worldwide belonging to AA groups, associations, organizations, cooperatives, and fellowships of alcoholics helping other alcoholics achieve and maintain sobriety. Following AA's Twelfth Tradition of anonymity, within the organization Wilson is commonly known as "Bill W." or "Bill". After his death, with his prior written permission, his full name was included in obituaries.

Wilson's sobriety from alcohol, which he maintained until his death, began December 11, 1934. In 1955, he turned over control of AA to a board of trustees. He died in 1971, and in 1999 Time listed him as "Bill W.: The Healer" in the Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century.
Fowey
Fowey (/ˈfɔɪ/ ⓘ FOY; Cornish: Fowydh, meaning beech trees) is a port town and civil parish at the mouth of the River Fowey in south Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town has been in existence since well before the Norman invasion, with the local church first established some time in the 7th century; the estuary of the River Fowey forms a natural harbour which enabled the town to become an important trading centre. Privateers also made use of the sheltered harbourage. The Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway brought China clay here for export. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 2,244 and the population of the built up area was 2,069.

Church of St Fimbarrus, Fowey
The Church of St Fimbarrus is an Anglican parish church in Fowey, Cornwall, England. Also known as Fowey Parish Church, it is in the Church of England's Diocese of Truro. The church is a grade I listed building and dates from the 14th century.
Wharfedale Brewery
Wharfedale Brewery is a brewery situated in Ilkley in Wharfedale, West Yorkshire, England, on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Two, now defunct, breweries in Yorkshire have previously used the Wharfedale name; first in Wetherby in the 1756 and again in Grassington in 2003. The name was resurrected for a third time, further down the River Wharfe, in 2012 by a group of 16 real ale enthusiasts, many of whom are former chairmen of Ilkley & District Round Table.

Ilkley
Ilkley is a spa town and civil parish in the City of Bradford in West Yorkshire, in Northern England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Ilkley civil parish includes the adjacent village of Ben Rhydding and is a ward within the City of Bradford. Approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Bradford and 17 miles (27 km) north-west of Leeds, the town lies mainly on the south bank of the River Wharfe in Wharfedale, one of the Yorkshire Dales.

Ilkley's spa town heritage and surrounding countryside make tourism an important local industry. The town centre is characterised by Victorian architecture, wide streets and floral displays. Ilkley Moor, to the south of the town, is the subject of a folk song, often described as the unofficial anthem of Yorkshire, "On Ilkla Moor Baht 'at". The song's words are written in Yorkshire dialect: its title translated is "On Ilkley Moor without a hat".
Gosforth Cross
The Gosforth Cross is a large stone monument in St Mary's churchyard at Gosforth in the English county of Cumbria, dating to the first half of the 10th century AD. Formerly part of the kingdom of Northumbria, the area was settled by Scandinavians some time in either the 9th or 10th century. It has gained reputation for its combination of Christian symbols with Nordic symbols, being a tangible piece of evidence of the impact of the Christianization of Scandinavia.

The deities depicted on the monument have been identified with Sigyn attempting to protect her bound husband Loki, a horn-wielding Heimdallr, Víðarr in the process of defeating Fenrir, and Thor in a failed attempt to capture Jörmungandr. The images likely adapt scenes from the Poetic Edda. Also depicted on the monument is the crucifixion of Jesus. The tree-like design of the base of the cross may represent Yggdrasil or a mythical tree of life.

St Mary's Church, Gosforth
St Mary's Church in the village of Gosforth, Cumbria, England, is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Calder, the archdeaconry of West Cumberland, and the diocese of Carlisle.  Its benefice is united with those of St Olaf, Wasdale Head, and St Michael, Nether Wasdale.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  It is associated with "a unique Viking-age assemblage" of carved stones.
Maui Nui ʻakialoa
The Maui Nui ʻakialoa or Lānaʻi ʻakialoa (Akialoa lanaiensis) is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper in the subfamily Carduelinae of the family Fringillidae. It inhabited the islands of Maui, Lānaʻi, and Molokaʻi in Hawaii.

Hawaiian honeycreeper
Hawaiʻian honeycreepers are a group of small birds endemic to Hawaiʻi. They are members of the finch family Fringillidae, closely related to the rosefinches (Carpodacus), but many species have evolved features unlike those present in any other finch. Their great morphological diversity is the result of adaptive radiation in an insular environment. Many have been driven to extinction since the first humans arrived in Hawaiʻi, with extinctions increasing over the last two centuries following European discovery of the islands, with habitat destruction and especially invasive species being the main causes.
U
U, or u, is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet and the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is u (pronounced /ˈjuː/ ⓘ), plural ues.

V
V, or v, is the twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is vee (pronounced /ˈviː/ ⓘ), plural vees.
ENCODE
The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a public research project which aims "to build a comprehensive parts list of functional elements in the human genome."

ENCODE also supports further biomedical research by "generating community resources of genomics data, software, tools and methods for genomics data analysis, and products resulting from data analyses and interpretations."

The current phase of ENCODE (2016-2019) is adding depth to its resources by growing the number of cell types, data types, assays and now includes support for examination of the mouse genome.

Ensembl genome database project
Ensembl genome database project is a scientific project at the European Bioinformatics Institute, which provides a centralized resource for geneticists, molecular biologists and other researchers studying the genomes of our own species and other vertebrates and model organisms. Ensembl is one of several well known genome browsers for the retrieval of genomic information.

Similar databases and browsers are found at NCBI and the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC).
Edward-Dean Museum & Gardens
The Edward-Dean Museum & Gardens, or EDM, is an historical home on 16 acres that was developed into a museum and gardens by antique dealers Edward Eberle and Dean Stout. They opened the facility to the public in 1958 in Cherry Valley, California.  The museum features late 16th to early 19th century European & Asian Decorative arts, and a research library containing 17th, 18th, and 19th century works on a variety of subjects.

The museum and property were deeded to the County of Riverside in 1964, and today it is overseen by the Riverside County Economic Development Agency.

Cherry Valley, California
Cherry Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 6,509 at the 2020 census, up from 6,362 at the 2010 census. It is situated at the most northwestern point of the San Gorgonio Pass.

The area was planted with many cherry trees, for which Cherry Valley was named. While many of the trees have long since been removed and replaced with homes, a few can still be spotted in backyards throughout the area.
2008–09 State League Twenty20
The 2008–09 State League Twenty20 was the second season of the women's Twenty20 cricket competition played in New Zealand. It ran from December 2008 to January 2009, with 6 provincial teams taking part. Wellington Blaze beat Canterbury Magicians in the final to win the tournament, their first Twenty20 title.

The tournament ran alongside the 2008–09 State League.

Wellington Blaze
The Wellington Blaze is the women's representative cricket team for the New Zealand city of Wellington. They play their home games at Basin Reserve. They compete in the Hallyburton Johnstone Shield one-day competition and the Women's Super Smash Twenty20 competition. They are the most successful side in the history of the Super Smash, with eight title wins.
Macomb Orchard Trail
The Macomb Orchard Trail is a 23.5 mile long rail trail in Macomb County, Michigan, United States. It is built on the right-of-way of an early Michigan railroad, the Michigan Air Line Railway, later owned and operated by Canadian National Railway. The trail stretches from Richmond to Dequindre Road, where it connects to the Clinton River Trail.

The Macomb Orchard Trail is owned and maintained by Macomb County.

Clinton River Trail
The Clinton River Trail is a 16-mile-long rail trail in Oakland County, Michigan. It links the West Bloomfield Trail to the west and the Macomb Orchard Trail to the east, and is a segment of the Iron Belle Trail and Great Lake to Lake Trail Route 1. From west to east, the trail is within the cities of Sylvan Lake, Pontiac, Auburn Hills, Rochester Hills, and Rochester, Michigan.

Parts of the trail run along the Clinton River. From west to east, the trail is mostly downhill, with an elevation of 940 ft. in Sylvan Lake and 690 ft. east of Rochester.
Fukugami Station
Fukugami Station (福神駅, Fukugami-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōyodo, Yoshino District,  Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company, Kintetsu Railway.

Ōyodo, Nara
Ōyodo (大淀町, Ōyodo-chō) is a town located in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2024, the town had an estimated population of 15,856 in 7364 households, and a population density of 420 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 38.10 km2 (14.71 sq mi).
Sanford Police Department
The Sanford Police Department is a police agency in Sanford, the county seat of Seminole County, Florida. It employs 140 sworn police officers alongside 24 other employees, and Police Chief Smith.  Prior to Chief Smith, Richard Myers was the Interim Police Chief.  Myers is the former Chief of Police in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and Appleton, Wisconsin. 
In March 2012, Sanford Police Chief Bill Lee took a temporary leave of absence during the department's investigation of the shooting death of teenager Trayvon Martin, and Captain Darren Scott was named acting chief of police. Myers took over from Scott in May 2012. In April 2013, Former Elgin, Illinois Deputy Police Chief Cecil Smith took over as the department's chief.

The department's officers are represented by Lodge 140 of the Fraternal Order of Police.

Killing of Trayvon Martin
On the evening of February 26, 2012, in Sanford, Florida, United States, George Zimmerman fatally shot Trayvon Martin, a 17-year-old African-American teenager.

Zimmerman, a 28-year-old multiracial man who identifies as Hispanic, was a neighborhood watch coordinator for the gated community where Martin was visiting relatives at the time of the shooting. Zimmerman became suspicious of Martin and called police. During an altercation, Zimmerman shot and killed Martin with a pistol.

In a widely reported trial, Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder for Martin's death. He was later acquitted by a jury after saying he acted in self-defense. Martin was unarmed during the encounter. The incident was reviewed by the Department of Justice for potential civil rights violations, but no additional charges were filed.
Veshti
A veshti or vēṭṭi is a rectangular piece of non-stitched cloth, with varying lengths, used as a wrap for the lower body by the Tamils. It is often white, bordered in brightly coloured stripes. It is generally wrapped around the legs, knotted  and secured by a corner being tucked beneath the wrapped cloth at the waist. The style of draping might vary between communities, and men sometimes wear a hip belt to hold the veshti in place. Predominantly worn by men, it is sometimes worn by women and the drape is known as vetti-mundu.

Dhoti is a costume similar to veshti, which is a long, white rectangular piece of non-stitched cloth, that is wrapped around the waist, looped around the legs (similar to trousers) and knotted at the waist. A lungi is also similar to a veshti but made tubular with the ends stitched together, designed with colourful batik patterns, and is a common form of male attire in the countryside.

Lungi
The lungi (Bengali: লুঙ্গি) is a clothing similar to the sarong that originated in the Indian subcontinent. The lungi, which usually multicoloured, is a men's skirt usually tied around the lower waist below the navel. It can be worn as casual wear and night wear. It is favoured in hot and humid climates where the airflow it allows makes it more comfortable than alternatives.
Singleton, New South Wales
Singleton is a town on the banks of the Hunter River in New South Wales, Australia. Singleton is 202km (126 mi) north-north-west of Sydney, and 70 km (43 mi) north-west of Newcastle. As of 2023, Singleton had an estimated urban population of 17,503.

Singleton's main urban area includes the town centre, Singleton Heights, Dunolly, Darlington, The Retreat, Wattle Ponds and Hunterview. Surrounding rural villages include Broke, Camberwell, Jerrys Plains, Goorangoola/Greenlands, Belford and Lower Belford.

Singleton is located on the north-eastern part of the geological structure known as the Sydney basin, which borders the New England region.

Singleton is now home to a $100 million dollar lottery winner, the highest in the town’s history.

Hunter River (New South Wales)
The Hunter River (Wonnarua: Coquun) is a major river in New South Wales, Australia. The Hunter River rises in the Liverpool Range and flows generally south and then east, reaching the Tasman Sea at Newcastle, the second largest city in New South Wales and a major harbour port. Its lower reaches form an open and trained mature wave dominated barrier estuary.
Southern Africans in the United States
Southern Africans in the United States are Americans with ancestry from Southern Africa. They include:

Angolan Americans

Basotho Americans

Botswanan Americans

Comorian Americans

Malagasy Americans

Malawian Americans

Mozambican Americans

Namibian Americans

Seychellois Americans

South African Americans

Swazi Americans

Tanzanian Americans

Zambian Americans

Zimbabwean Americans

Zimbabwean Americans
Zimbabwean Americans are Americans of full or partial Zimbabwean ancestry. As of 2021, there were approximately 80,606 people of Zimbabwean descent were living in the United States. There are notable populations in Southern California, greater Washington, D.C., New York City and Texas.
Hidra, Vest-Agder
Hidra is a former municipality that was located in the old Vest-Agder county in Norway. The 90-square-kilometre (35 sq mi) municipality existed from 1893 until its dissolution in 1965. It encompassed the islands and southern coastal part of the present-day municipality of Flekkefjord in what is now Agder county. The municipality included the islands of Hidra and Andabeløya as well as 56 other islands, plus the mainland coast from Abelsnes to the river Sira. The administrative centre was the village of Kirkehavn where Hidra Church is located.

Hidra was home to Olav Omland (1909–1998), a landscape and coastal painter. He was also a poet and songwriter, and composed the song about Hidra "Hidrasangen". Hidra was also home to the eccentric personality and artist Tatjana Lars Kristian Guldbrandsen.

Kirkehavn
Kirkehamn or Kirkehavn (literally: Church harbour) is a fishing village in Flekkefjord municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is one of two harbours on the Norwegian island Hidra.  Kirkehamn lies on the west end of the island, while the other harbour, Rasvåg lies on the south side of the island.  The village was the administrative centre of the old municipality of Hidra which existed prior to 1965.  Hidra Church is located in the village.  The village is home to about 120 residents (as of 2015).
Birmingham board school
The Birmingham board schools were set up very rapidly after the Forster Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) was enacted, covering England and Wales. Over forty were created in Birmingham.

George Dixon (MP)
George Dixon (1820 – 24 January 1898) was an English Liberal Party then Liberal Unionist politician who was active in local government in Birmingham and sat in the House of Commons in two periods between 1867 and 1898. He was a major proponent of education for all children.
All American Hockey League (2008–2011)
The All American Hockey League (AAHL) was a lower level professional ice hockey league with teams in the Midwestern United States. The league suspended operations for the 2011–12 season and subsequently folded.

Wooster Korn Kings
The Wooster Korn Kings were a professional hockey team based in Wooster, Ohio. The Korn Kings were a member of the All American Hockey League and played their home games at Alice Noble Ice Arena in Wooster, OH. The team abruptly folded after two weeks of play.
Kilmacnevan (civil parish)
Kilmacnevan (Irish: Cill Mhic Naomháin) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 16 km (10 mi) west–north–west of Mullingar.

Kilmacnevan is one of 6 civil parishes in the barony of Moygoish in the province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 5,010.3 acres (20.276 km2).

Kilmacnevan civil parish comprises 11 townlands: Ballintue, Ballynacarrow, Calliaghstown, Churchtown, Conlanstown, Deerpark, Emper, Kilmacnevan, Lakingstown, Laragh and Rathmore.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Rathaspick to the north, Kilbixy to the east, Piercetown (barony of Rathconrath) and
Rathconrath (barony of Rathconrath) to the south and Agharra (barony of Shrule, County Longford) and Rathreagh (barony of Ardagh, County Longford) to the west.

Rathconrath (civil parish)
Rathconrath (Irish: Ráth Conarta) is a civil parish in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 14 km (9 mi) west of Mullingar on the R392 road and the Royal Canal.

Rathconrath is one of 9 civil parishes in the barony of Rathconrath in the Province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 8,713.3 acres (35.261 km2).

Rathconrath civil parish comprises the village of Rathconrath and 34 townlands.

The neighbouring civil parishes include: Kilmacnevan to the north and east, Templeoran to the east, Churchtown and Mullingar to the south–east, Ballymorin and Conry to the south–west and Piercetown to the north–west.