hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Changsha County
Changsha County (simplified Chinese: 长沙县; traditional Chinese: 長沙縣; pinyin: Chángshā Xiàn; lit. 'Long sandbar'), commonly known as Xingsha (Chinese: 星沙; pinyin: Xīngshā; lit. 'Star sandbar'), is a county in Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Changsha. Located in the west portion of Changsha, the county is bordered to the north by Miluo City and Pingjiang County, to the west by Wangcheng, Kaifu and Furong Districts, to the southwest by Yuhua District, and to the southeast and the east by Liuyang City. Changsha County covers 1,756 km2 (678 sq mi). As of 2015 it has a registered population of 743,000 and a permanent resident population of 916,000. The county has 5 subdistricts and 13 towns under its jurisdiction. The county seat is Xingsha Subdistrict (星沙街道).

Pingjiang County
Pingjiang County (simplified Chinese: 平江县; traditional Chinese: 平江縣; pinyin: Píngjiāng Xiàn) is a county in the northeast of Hunan province, China. It is the easternmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Yueyang.

The county is located on the eastern margin of the province, the Miluo River runs through the county from east to west. It is bordered to the north by Yueyang County, to the west by Miluo City, to the south by Changsha County and Liuyang City, to the east by Xiushui and Tonggu Counties of Jiangxi, and to the northeast by Tongcheng County of Hubei.

Pingjiang County covers an area of 4,114 km2 (1,588 sq mi). As of 2015, it had a registered population of 1,106,900 and a permanent resident population of 979,300. The county has 19 towns and 5 townships under its jurisdiction. The government seat is Hanchang Town (汉昌镇).
Siedenburg (Samtgemeinde)
Siedenburg is a Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the east of the district of Diepholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in Siedenburg. It was formed in 1974 during a municipal reorganisation of West Germany.

The Samtgemeinde Siedenburg consists of the following municipalities:

Borstel

Maasen

Mellinghausen

Siedenburg

Staffhorst

Siedenburg
Siedenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈziːdn̩bʊʁk]) is a municipality in the district of Diepholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km west of Nienburg.

Siedenburg is also the seat of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Siedenburg.
Habibullah Khan Khattak
Habibullah Khan Khattak, also known as Muhammad Habibullah Khan (17 October 1913 – 1994), was a Pakistani Army officer born in Wana, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

He was the son of Khan Bahadur Kuli Khan Khattak, and the younger brother of former Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Aslam Khattak and older brother of former Federal Minister Yusuf Khattak and Begum Kulsum Saifullah Khan.

His son Ali Kuli Khan Khattak also rose to the rank of lieutenant general and retired as the Chief of General Staff (CGS) in 1998. His son, like him, belonged to the famed Baloch Regiment.

Ali Kuli Khan Khattak
Ali Kuli Khan Khattak HI(M) (Urdu: على قلى خان) is a Pakistani retired three-star general and former field commander of X Corps.

Prior to this field assignment, he was the chief of general staff and also directed the directorate-general of the Military Intelligence (DGMI) during his career. Khattak was also an instructor in the National Defence University before being elevated to the senior staff appointments. He has been credited for foresight in predicting the dangers of terrorism and the public appraised reputation when thwarting the conspiracy hatched by infiltrated rogue officers against the Government of Prime minister Benazir Bhutto.

He was superseded by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif when the latter approved the appointment of Khattak's course-mate, General Pervez Musharraf to four-star rank and chief of army staff.
Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11S
The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11S is a compact ultralight hybrid notebook/tablet computer released in late 2012. Like the Yoga 13 and the Yoga 11 the Yoga 11S gets its name from its ability to take on various form factors due to its screen being mounted on a special two-way hinge. The Yoga 11S runs the full version of Microsoft's Windows 8 operating system.

Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11
The Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11 is a hybrid laptop/tablet Windows RT-based computer released in late 2012. The Yoga 11 gets its name from its ability to change form factors thanks to the two-way hinge used to mount its display. It was discontinued on July 17, 2013, due to the poor sales of Windows RT devices.
C. B. Geetha
C.B. Geetha is an Indian politician, who was the municipal councillor of  Thrissur, Kerala and also chaired as Town Planning Standing Committee Chairman for Thrissur Municipal Corporation, representing the Olarikara ward.

She is the daughter of veteran Congress leader and ex-minister C. N. Balakrishnan and a working member of  Indian National Congress, serving as  the General Secretary to the Thrissur District Congress Committee. She also holds various profiles, including Chairperson of State Cooperative Insurance Society, Kerala,  President of Thrissur District Mahila Cooperative Society and Kerala Khadi Village Industries Association, Avinissery, Thrissur.

C. N. Balakrishnan
C. N. Balakrishnan (Si. En. Bālakr̥ṣṇaṉ; 18 November 1934 – 10 December 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the minister for Co-operation, Khadi and Village Industries and Pollution Control -Government of Kerala under the Oommen Chandy Ministry. He became the representative in the Wadakkanchery constituency in Kerala after winning in the 2011 Assembly elections.
Vaanavil
Vaanavil (transl. Rainbow) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language film produced and directed by Manoj Kumar. The film stars Arjun, Abhirami (in her Tamil debut) and Prakash Raj. It was released on 26 October 2000, and won four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

Abhirami (actress, born 1983)
Divya Gopikumar, professionally known as Abhirami (born 26 July 1983) is an Indian film and voice actress. She has acted predominantly in Tamil and Malayalam films and few credits in Telugu and Kannada films. Abhirami went on to establish herself as an leading actress in the 2000s across the Malayalam and Tamil language industries.

Abhirami went on to establish herself as a leading actress in the 2000s across the Malayalam and Tamil language industries after appearing in films such as Sradha (2000), Middle Class Madhavan (2001), Charlie Chaplin (2002), Raktha Kanneeru (2003) and Virumaandi (2004).
Messa di voce
Messa di voce [ˈmessa di ˈvoːtʃe] (Italian: placing of the voice) (MDV) is a singing technique and musical ornament most idiomatically on a single pitch while executing a crescendo and diminuendo. It requires sustained control and masterly singing technique. It should not be confused with mezza voce, meaning to sing at half voice or half strength. Messa di voce can also be used as a voice therapy technique.

Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context:  a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato.
Ovid in the Third Reich
"Ovid in the Third Reich" is a poem by the English writer Geoffrey Hill. It consists of a monologue in two quatrains and reflects on politics and innocence by transposing the ancient poet Ovid to Nazi Germany. The poem was published in the New Statesman in 1961 and opens Hill's poetry collection King Log from 1968.

One of Hill's most famous poems, "Ovid in the Third Reich" is known for its ambiguity which has led to disparate interpretations. Scholars have discussed its treatment of despair, the Third Reich, political complicity and the autonomy of poetry. Ovid's presence divides critics, who have associated his attitude in the poem with the average person during the Third Reich, or interpreted him as a contrast to ordinary people because he appears in a place where he does not belong.

Geoffrey Hill
Sir Geoffrey William Hill, FRSL (18 June 1932 – 30 June 2016) was an English poet, professor emeritus of English literature and religion, and former co-director of the Editorial Institute, at Boston University. Hill has been considered to be among the most distinguished poets of his generation and was called the "greatest living poet in the English language."
From 2010 to 2015 he held the position of Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford. Following his receiving the Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism in 2009 for his Collected Critical Writings, and the publication of Broken Hierarchies (Poems 1952–2012), Hill is recognised as one of the principal contributors to poetry and criticism in the 20th and 21st centuries.
Cameron's Line
Cameron's Line is an Ordovician suture fault in the northeast United States that formed as part of the continental collision known as the Taconic orogeny around 450 million years ago.  Named after geologist Eugene N. Cameron, who first published a description in the 1950s, it ties together the North American continental craton, the prehistoric Taconic island volcanic arc, and the bottom of the ancient Iapetus Ocean. Cameron himself credited his colleague William M. Agar with the initial discovery.

Taconic orogeny
The Taconic orogeny was a mountain building period that ended 440 million years ago (Ma) and affected most of modern-day New England. A great mountain chain formed from eastern Canada down through what is now the Piedmont of the east coast of the United States. As the mountain chain eroded during the Silurian and Devonian periods, sediment spread throughout the present-day Appalachians and midcontinental North America.
2014 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 2014 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 53rd tournament in league history. It was played between March 7 and March 22, 2014. First Round and Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the final four games were played at the Herb Brooks Arena in Lake Placid, New York. By winning the tournament, Union received the ECAC's automatic bid to the 2014 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

ECAC Hockey
ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I for ice hockey. The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States. This relationship ended in 2004; however, the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference. ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women's and men's divisions.

Cornell University has won the most ECAC men's hockey championships with 14, followed by Harvard at 11. ECAC Hockey teams have won 10 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championships, most recently in 2023.
George Newberry
George Albert Newberry  (6 March 1917 – 29 December 1978) was a track cyclist from Great Britain.

Newberry was born in the Burton on Trent area of Staffordshire.  He represented his country at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he won the bronze medal in the 4.000m team pursuit, alongside Donald Burgess, Alan Newton, and Ronald Stretton.

Ronald Stretton
Ronald Charles "Ron" Stretton (13 February 1930 – 12 November 2012) was a track cyclist from Great Britain, who represented his native country at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he won the bronze medal in the men's 4,000 metres team pursuit, alongside Donald Burgess, George Newberry, and Alan Newton. He was born in Epsom, Surrey and died in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ilagan Isabela Cowboys
The Ilagan Isabela Cowboys are a Filipino professional basketball team based in Ilagan, Isabela. The team competes in the The Asian Tournament (TAT) and mainly in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) as a member of the league's North Division. The team plays its home games at the Capital Arena.

The Ilagan-based franchise began play in the 2025 season as the league's newest expansion team to date. The Cowboys are the lone team based in the Cagayan Valley region and one of three teams based in Northern Luzon, alongside the Abra Solid North Weavers and Pangasinan Heatwaves.

Capital Arena
The Capital Arena is an indoor arena located in Ilagan, Isabela, Philippines. The arena officially opened on November 24, 2024 and has a seating capacity of 10,000. It is the largest indoor arena in Cagayan Valley region, and serves as the home venue of the Ilagan Isabela Cowboys of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). It has also hosted games of the Premier Volleyball League, East Asia Super League, and The Asian Tournament.
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azerbaijani: Ağqoyunlular, آغ‌قویونلولار; Persian: آق‌ قویونلو) was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan.

Uzun Hasan
Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (اوزون حسن; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan was from the Bayandur tribe, and ruled between 1452 and 1478, presiding over the confederation's territorial apex, when it included parts or all of present-day Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Syria.
Geraldine Van Bibber
Geraldine Van Bibber CM (born July 3, 1951) is a Canadian politician who represented the Yukon electoral district of Porter Creek North as a member of the Yukon Party until 2025. She was elected as part of the 2016 Yukon election.

Van Bibber served as the commissioner of Yukon from 2005 to 2010 and a member of the Gwichʼin First Nation. She has also served as Chancellor of Yukon College and Administrator of the Yukon.

Prior to being appointed to office, Van Bibber worked for the Yukon Department of Finance. She was also instrumental in the formation of the Yukon First Nations Culture and Tourism Association, as a private tour operator.

She was re-elected at the 2021 Yukon general election.

Porter Creek North
Porter Creek North (formerly Whitehorse Porter Creek East) is a territorial electoral district of Yukon that has been represented in the Yukon Legislative Assembly since 1992.

The district at various points has been held by Yukon Conservative Senator Dan Lang, former Premier John Ostashek, former Whitehorse City Councillor Doug Graham, and former Yukon Commissioner Geraldine Van Bibber.
India–Italy relations
India–Italy relations are the international relations that exist between India and Italy. Historically, trade and cultural ties dates back to the era of the Roman Empire and Ancient India. Italy contains one of the largest Indian population in continental Europe after Germany. India maintains an Embassy in Rome, a Consulate-General in Milan and an honorary consul in Caserta. Italy has an embassy in New Delhi, and Consulate-Generals in Mumbai, Kolkata and Bengaluru.

Italians in India
There is a small Italian community in India (Italian: italo-indiani, also called Italian Indians) consisting mainly of Indian citizens of Italian heritage as well with expatriates and migrants from Italy who reside in India.
George Brickley
George Vincent Brickley (July 19, 1894 – February 23, 1947) was an American professional athlete that competed in baseball and American football. In baseball, he played as an outfielder in the majors for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1913. He later played football as a tailback for the Cleveland Tigers and the New York Brickley Giants of the American Professional Football Association, which was later renamed the National Football League (NFL).

New York Brickley Giants
The New York Giants (informally known as Brickley's Giants and Brickley's New York Giants) were a professional American football team with the American Professional Football Association (now the National Football League) whose only season played was in 1921. The team has also been referred to as the Brooklyn Giants and Brickley's Brooklyn Giants. The Brickley's Giants were the first of 17 professional football teams to represent New York City at one time or another. The team was founded in 1919 by Charles Brickley, who received All-American honors while at Harvard. Brickley's Giants played two games in their only season, losing to the Buffalo All-Americans, 55–0, and the Cleveland Tigers, 17–0. It was the second-shortest-lived franchise in APFA/NFL history, behind only another former New York APFA team, the Tonawanda Kardex, who played only one game in the same 1921 season.
Hank Crisp
Henry Gorham Crisp (December 10, 1896 – January 23, 1970) was an American football, basketball, baseball and track coach and college athletics administrator. In spite of an accident when he was 13 years old that resulted in the loss of his right hand, Crisp went on to  letter  in football, basketball and track at both Hampden–Sydney College and Virginia Tech – then known primarily as  VPI.

After completing his collegiate career, Crisp began his long coaching career at the University of Alabama. There he served as the head basketball coach (1924–1942, 1945–1946), baseball coach (1928), track coach (1921–1927), as a line coach with the football team (1921–1941, 1945, 1950–1957) and as athletic director (1930–1940, 1954–1957). Crisp also served as an assistant and interim head coach with the Miami Seahawks (1946) and as a line coach at Tulane (1947–1949).

Jennings B. Whitworth
Jennings Bryan "Ears" Whitworth (September 17, 1908 – March 3, 1960) was an American college football player and coach of football and baseball. He served as the head football coach at Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as Oklahoma State University–Stillwater—from 1950 to 1954 and the University of Alabama from 1955 to 1957, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 26–51–4. Whitworth also coached baseball at Alabama from 1933 to 1934 and the University of Georgia in 1943, tallying a career college baseball coaching mark of 22–21.
Milton Katselas
Milton George Katselas  (December 22, 1933 – October 24, 2008) was an American-Greek director and producer of stage and film, as well as a Hollywood acting instructor and coach who trained under Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg at the acclaimed Actors Studio in New York City. In 1978, he acquired the Beverly Hills Playhouse, where he taught a master class for many years.

Katselas was a Scientologist and some former students have alleged that his acting classes were used as recruitment for the Church of Scientology, while others have stated Katselas never mentioned or spoke about Scientology during classes.

Beverly Hills Playhouse
The Beverly Hills Playhouse is an acting school with theaters and training facilities in Beverly Hills, California, and also in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York City. It is one of the oldest acting schools and theatres in the Los Angeles area.
Caterina Scorsone
Caterina Scorsone is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her portrayal of neurosurgeon Dr. Amelia Shepherd on the ABC primetime  medical drama Grey's Anatomy (2010–present) and its spin-offs Private Practice (2010–2013) and Station 19 (2020–2024). Prior to this, she made her debut as a child actor on the Canadian children's program Mr. Dressup. She also appeared in a number of films, notably Edge of Darkness (2010), and The November Man (2014). Other television credits include Michelle Parker on Power Play, Jess Mastriani on Missing, Callie Wilkinson on Crash, and Alice Hamilton on Alice.

Alice (miniseries)
Alice is a 2009 television miniseries that was originally broadcast on Canadian cable television channel Showcase and an hour later on American cable television channel Syfy. The miniseries is a reimagining of the classic Lewis Carroll novels Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871), taking place about 150 years later with science fiction and additional fantasy elements added. The miniseries, produced by Reunion Pictures is three hours long, split into two parts, which premiered on Sunday, December 6, 2009, and Monday, December 7, 2009, respectively. Writer and director Nick Willing previously directed a 1999 adaptation of the books that followed the story more closely; however, Alice is intended to be a modern interpretation, imagining how Wonderland might have evolved over the last 143 years. The mini-series was partially shot in the Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
Chinese cruiser Yangwei
Yangwei (Chinese: 揚威; pinyin: Yangwei; Wade–Giles: Yang-wei; lit. 'Show of Force') was a cruiser built for the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was built by Charles Mitchell & Company in Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, from a design by Sir George Wightwick Rendel which had already been used on the Chilean Navy vessel Arturo Prat (later the Imperial Japanese Navy's Tsukushi). Two ships were ordered by the Chinese, the Yangwei and the Chaoyong. Both would serve together throughout their careers, assigned to the Beiyang Fleet and based in Taku during the summer, and Chemulpo, Korea, in the winter.

Yangwei did not see any action during the Sino-French War, but in the First Sino-Japanese War, she was in the Chinese line at the Battle of Yalu River on 17 September 1894. She was set alight by combined fire from the Japanese fleet, and drifted south out of the battle until running aground on a reef. She was subsequently destroyed by a spar torpedo from a boat of the Japanese cruiser Chiyoda.

Imperial Chinese Navy
The Imperial Chinese Navy was the modern navy of the Qing dynasty of China established in 1875. An imperial naval force in China first came into existence in 1132 during the Southern Song dynasty and existed in some form until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912. However, the term "Imperial Chinese Navy" usually only refers to the Qing navy that existed between 1875 and 1912, with "Imperial Chinese Navy" as its official English name. The Imperial Chinese Navy has been succeeded by the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Roy Carter (producer)
Roy Anthony Carter (born 1955) is an English musician, songwriter and music producer. He has written or co-written hits for Instant Funk, Central Line, Animal Nightlife, David Grant, and Jermaine Stewart. He has also been a member of groups, Clem Curtis & The Foundations, Heatwave, Central Line and Danny D. & Collusion. In later years he ran a television music production company.

Heatwave (band)
Heatwave  is a funk band formed in London, England in 1975. Its most popular line-up featured Americans Johnnie Wilder Jr. and Keith Wilder (vocals) of Dayton, Ohio; Englishmen Rod Temperton (keyboards) and Roy Carter (guitar); Swiss Mario Mantese (bass); Czechoslovak Ernest "Bilbo" Berger (drums); and Jamaican Eric Johns (guitar).

They are known for their singles "Boogie Nights", "The Groove Line", and "Always and Forever".