hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Louis Ludlow
Louis Leon Ludlow (June 24, 1873 – November 28, 1950) was a Democratic Indiana congressman. He proposed the Ludlow Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1938 requiring a national referendum on any U.S. declaration of war except in cases of direct attack. The amendment was rejected by Congress by a narrow margin and after an appeal from President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Ludlow Amendment
The Ludlow Amendment was a proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States which called for a national referendum on any declaration of war by Congress, except in cases when the United States had been attacked first. Representative Louis Ludlow (D-Indiana) introduced the amendment several times between 1935 and 1940. Supporters argued that ordinary people, who were called upon to fight and die during wartime, should have a direct vote on their country's involvement in military conflicts.
Ed Westwick
Ed Westwick (born 27 June 1987) is an English actor and musician best known for his role as Chuck Bass on The CW's Gossip Girl as well as Vincent Swan in the TV series White Gold. He made his feature film debut in Children of Men (2006) and has since appeared in the films Breaking and Entering (2006), Son of Rambow (2007), S. Darko (2009), Chalet Girl (2011), J. Edgar (2011), Romeo & Juliet (2013), Bone in the Throat (2015), Freaks of Nature (2015), Billionaire Ransom (2016) and Me You Madness (2021).

Freaks of Nature (film)
Freaks of Nature is a 2015 American comedy horror film directed by Robbie Pickering and written by Oren Uziel. It stars Nicholas Braun, Mackenzie Davis, Josh Fadem, Joan Cusack, Bob Odenkirk, Keegan-Michael Key, Ed Westwick, Patton Oswalt, Vanessa Hudgens and Denis Leary. The film was issued in a limited release by Columbia Pictures on October 30, 2015.

The film follows three high-school outcasts whose social alienation is compounded when they join rival species in a town inhabited by humans, vampires, and zombies. Aliens set the species against each other, and the outcasts try to band everyone together to fight the invaders.
Peter Gwynn
John Peter Lucius Gwynn (22 June 1916 – 14 September 1999) was a British civil servant, whose career spanned the colonial Indian Civil Service, the independent Civil Services of India, and the British Civil Service.

Bhadriraju Krishnamurti
Bhadriraju Krishnamurti (19 June 1928 – 11 August 2012) was an Indian linguist who specialised in Dravidian languages. He was born in Ongole in the Madras Presidency of British India (now  in Andhra Pradesh, India). He was the vice-chancellor of the University of Hyderabad from 1986 to 1993, and founded the Department of Linguistics at Osmania University, where he served as a professor from 1962 to 1986. His magnum opus, The Dravidian Languages, is considered a landmark volume in the study of Dravidian linguistics.

Krishnamurti was a student and close associate of Murray Barnson Emeneau. He got his A.M. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania in 1955 and 1957, respectively. His grandson, Ravi Bhadriraju, was a rhythm guitarist in the famous death metal band, Job for a Cowboy.
Outardes-4
Outardes-4 is a hydroelectric power station and dam on the Outardes River 70 km (43.5 mi) northwest of Baie-Comeau, Quebec, Canada. The power station was commissioned in 1969 and is supplied by the Outardes-4 Reservoir which is created by seven additional dams.

Outardes-2
Outardes-2 is a hydroelectric power station and dam on the Outardes River 15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Baie-Comeau, Quebec, Canada. The power station was commissioned in 1978 and is run-of-the-river.

Outardes-2 was built in conjunction with the Manicouagan-Outardes project and is located at the mouth of the Outardes River by Noye Bay. Just west of the power station was another that had been owned and operated by the Quebec North Shore Paper Company  since 1937. Instead of raising the reservoir as initially envisioned, Outardes-2 was constructed to better exploit the river flow.
Beaumont Health
Beaumont Health was a nonprofit healthcare system in the Detroit metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Michigan. It merged with Spectrum Health in 2022, forming Corewell Health.

At the time of the merger, Beaumont was Southeast Michigan’s largest health care system based on inpatient admissions and net patient revenue, with a net revenue of $4.7 billion; it consisted of eight hospitals with 3,375 beds, 155 outpatient sites, nearly 5,000 physicians, more than 33,000 employees and about 2,000 volunteers. Beaumont was headquartered in Southfield, Michigan; its flagship facility was Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, located in nearby Royal Oak.

Corewell Health
Corewell Health is a non-profit healthcare system in the U.S. state of Michigan. It was formed by the 2022 merger of Beaumont Health, located in Southfield, and Spectrum Health, headquartered in West Michigan. Corewell Health is currently the largest healthcare system in Michigan, based on its inpatient admissions and net patient revenue. The organization is headquartered in Grand Rapids and employs over 60,000 people.
History of the Jews in Texas
Jewish Texans have been a part of the history of Texas since the first European explorers arrived in the region in the 16th century. In 1990, there were around 108,000 adherents to Judaism in Texas. More recent estimates place the number at around 120,000.

History of the Jews in Brenham, Texas
The history of the Jews in Brenham, Texas; covers a period of over 140 years. As one of the first areas in Texas, outside of major population centers, to develop a sizable Jewish population, the community boasts many things of historical note. The Brenham community was formally organized in 1885.
Derek Holmes (ice hockey)
Derek Leroy Holmes (August 15, 1939 – November 24, 2025) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, administrator and agent. He served as captain of the Eastern Canadian national team during the late 1960s, and was the technical director of Hockey Canada from 1974 to 1980. He managed the Canadian national teams at the 1977 and 1978 Ice Hockey World Championships, and helped build the 1980 Winter Olympics team. Holmes spent many years on the international ice hockey stage, which included coaching of the Finland and Switzerland national men's teams, and as an international ice hockey agent who signed players to European teams. He was inducted into the builder category of the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1999, the Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame in 2021, and was twice inducted into the Kemptville District Sports Hall of Fame.

Hockey Canada
Hockey Canada (which merged with the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1994) is the national governing body of ice hockey and ice sledge hockey in Canada. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and controls the majority of organized ice hockey in Canada. There are some notable exceptions, such as the Canadian Hockey League, U Sports (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport), and Canada's professional hockey clubs; the former two are partnered with Hockey Canada but are not member organizations. Hockey Canada is based in Calgary, with a secondary office in Ottawa and regional centres in Toronto, Winnipeg and Montreal.
Bess Heath
Bess Alice May Heath (born 20 August 2001) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Durham, Northern Superchargers and Brisbane Heat. She plays as a wicket-keeper and right-handed batter. She previously played for Derbyshire, Yorkshire and Northern Diamonds, as well as Yorkshire Diamonds in the Women's Cricket Super League and Melbourne Stars in the Women's Big Bash League.

She made her international debut for England in September 2023, in a One Day International against Sri Lanka.

Yorkshire Women cricket team
The Yorkshire Women's cricket team is the women's cricket team for the English historic county of Yorkshire. They play their home games at Headingley Stadium, Leeds, and are captained by Lauren Winfield-Hill.

As of the start of the 2025 season Yorkshire Women will play their cricket in Tier 2 of the new division set up after Project Darwin.
In 2026 they will move up to Tier 1 of the new division.
Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos
Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos (Greek: Ἁλέξιος Ἂγγελος Φιλανθρωπηνός) was a Byzantine Greek nobleman who ruled Thessaly from 1373 until c. 1390 (from c. 1382 as a Byzantine vassal) with the title of Caesar.

Caesar (title)
Caesar is a title of imperial character. It derives from the cognomen of Julius Caesar. The change from being a surname to a title used by the Roman emperors can be traced to AD 68, following the fall of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. When used on its own, the title denoted heirs apparent, who would later adopt the title Augustus on accession. The title remained an essential part of the style of the emperors, and became the word for "emperor" in some languages, such as German (Kaiser) and Slavic (Tsar).
Purna Shah
Purna Shah (Nepali: पूर्ण शाह; ruled 1570–1605), or Purendra Shah, was King of the Gorkha Kingdom in present-day Nepal in the Indian subcontinent. He was the father of Chatra Shah, as well as the father of Ram Shah, the fourth king of Gorkha.

Chatra Shah
Chatra Shah also Chhatra Shah, Ksatra Shah (Nepali: छत्र शाह; c. 1605–1606) was briefly King of the Gorkha Kingdom, in present-day Nepal in the Indian subcontinent, after the death of his father Purna Shah. He was the brother of Rama Shah.
Isamu Nagato
Isamu Nagato (長門 勇, Nagato Isamu; 1 January 1932 – 4 June 2013) was a Japanese actor from Kurashiki Okayama Prefecture. He was an actor who specialized in playing comical roles. He became popular for his role as Sakura Kyōjyurō in the Three Outlaw Samurai series.

Three Outlaw Samurai
Three Outlaw Samurai (Japanese: 三匹の侍, Hepburn: Sanbiki no Samurai) is a 1964 Japanese chambara film directed and co-written by Hideo Gosha in his feature-length debut.

The film is an origin-story offshoot of Gosha's 1963 Japanese television series of the same name, with the same lead actors, Tetsuro Tamba, Isamu Nagato, and Mikijirō Hira. The film involves a wandering ronin who finds himself involved with two other samurai who are hired to execute a band of peasants who have kidnapped the daughter of a corrupt magistrate.
Get of Cleves
The Get of Cleves was a controversial get issued in Cleves in northwest Germany on 28 August 1766 (22 Elul 5526) purporting to dissolve a Jewish marriage solemnised 14 days earlier. The validity of the get in Halakha was disputed, with the central issue being whether the husband was of sound mind at the time of the divorce. Rabbis from Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland exchanged opinions on the question. The practical matter ended in 1767 when the spouses had a remarriage ceremony, although the validity of this was itself questioned. Two books, published in 1769 (Ohr HaYashar) and 1770 (Ohr Yisroel) gave extensive details of the case.

Kleve
Kleve (German pronunciation: [ˈkleːvə] ⓘ; traditional English: Cleves /kliːvz/ KLEEVZ; Dutch: Kleef [ˈkleːf] ⓘ; French: Clèves [klɛv]; Spanish: Cléveris; Latin: Clivia; Low Rhenish: Kleff) is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century onwards, Cleves was capital of a county and later a duchy. Today, Cleves is the capital of the district of Kleve in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is home to one of the campuses of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences.
Qarsau Island
Qarsau Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, approximately 4.7 km (2.9 mi) south of the capital city of Iqaluit.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Aubrey Island, Beveridge Island, Bishop Island, Cairn Island, Coffin Island, Crimmins Island, Emerick Island, Faris Island, Hill Island, Jenvey Island, Kudlago Island, Long Island, Mair Island, McLaren Island, Monument Island, Ptarmigan Island, Sale Island, Sybil Island, and Thompson Island.

Monument Island
Monument Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Cairn Island, Long Island, Mair Island, McLaren Island, and Qarsau Island.
St Albans (UK Parliament constituency)
St Albans is a constituency in Hertfordshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Daisy Cooper, a Liberal Democrat.

This article also describes the eponymous parliamentary borough (1554–1852), consisting only of the city of St Albans, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) by the bloc vote system.

St Albans
St Albans (/sənt ˈɔːlbənz/) is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of London, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Welwyn Garden City and 11 miles (18 km) south-east of Luton. St Albans was the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the city of Verulamium. It has a population of 82,146.
Colditz (1972 TV series)
Colditz is a British television drama series co-produced by the BBC and Universal Studios and screened between 1972 and 1974.

The series deals with Allied prisoners of war imprisoned at the supposedly escape-proof Colditz Castle when designated Oflag IV-C during World War II, and their many attempts to escape captivity, as well as the relationships formed between the various nationalities and their German captors.

Colditz was created by Brian Degas working with the producer Gerard Glaister, who went on to devise another successful BBC series dealing with the Second World War, Secret Army. Technical consultant for the series was Major Pat Reid, the real British Escape Officer at Colditz. Locations used in filming include Stirling Castle and Calver Mill, Derbyshire.

Secret Army (TV series)
Secret Army is a British television drama made by the BBC and the Belgian national broadcaster BRT (now VRT) created by Gerard Glaister. It tells the story of a fictional Belgian resistance movement in German-occupied Belgium during the Second World War, an escape line dedicated to returning Allied airmen, usually shot down by the Luftwaffe, to Great Britain. It was made in the UK and Belgium and three series were broadcast on BBC1 between 7 September 1977 and 15 December 1979.

Fay Weldon said of the series: "There is, in the making of such programmes, a level of professionalism, and sheer patient, largely unacclaimed, hard work from producer to script editor to writer to designer to vision mixer to editor by way of sound and lighting engineers that is probably equalled only in a heart transplant theatre".
My Own Land
My Own Land (in Finnish: Oma maa; occasionally translated to English as Our Native Land), Op. 92, is a single-movement, patriotic cantata for mixed choir and orchestra written in 1918 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of Kallio's (a pseudonym for Samuli Kustaa Bergh) Finnish-language poem of the same name, is chronologically the sixth of Sibelius's nine orchestral cantatas; in particular, it belongs to the series of four "little known, but beautiful" cantatas from the composer's mature period that also includes Song of the Earth (Op. 93, 1919), Hymn of the Earth (Op. 95, 1920), and Väinämöinen's Song (Op. 110, 1926). My Own Land premiered on 25 October 1918 in Helsinki with Armas Maasalo conducting the Helsinki Youth League (the predecessor to the Finnish National Chorus)—the commissioning ensemble and dedicatee—and the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra.

Hymn of the Earth
Hymn of the Earth (in Finnish: Maan virsi), Op. 95, is a single-movement, patriotic cantata for mixed choir and orchestra written from 1919 to 1920 by Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The piece, which is a setting of the Finnish author Eino Leino's Finnish-language poem of the same name, is chronologically the eighth of Sibelius's nine orchestral cantatas; in particular, it belongs to the series of four "little known, but beautiful" cantatas from the composer's mature period that also includes My Own Land (Op. 92, 1918), Song of the Earth (Op. 93, 1919), and Väinämöinen's Song (Op. 110, 1926). Hymn of the Earth premiered on 4 April 1920 in Helsinki, with Heikki Klemetti conducting the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra and his choir, Suomen Laulu.
ShoMMA
ShoMMA: Strikeforce Challengers is a mixed martial arts series that was produced by the mixed martial arts organization Strikeforce and the Showtime cable network.  Similar to Showtime's earlier ShoXC, the purpose of the series was to highlight up and coming MMA fighters.

Strikeforce Challengers was discontinued with the 2012 Strikeforce deal.

Strikeforce (mixed martial arts)
Strikeforce was an American mixed martial arts and kickboxing organization based in San Jose, California, that operated from 1985 to 2013. It was headed by CEO Scott Coker.

Its live events and competitions have been shown on CBS, debuting on November 7, 2009, and Showtime in the United States. Internationally, Strikeforce events have been broadcast Super Channel in Canada, Primetime in the United Kingdom, SKY PerfecTV! in Japan, HBO Plus in Brazil, Space in Latin America and the Caribbean, and on the American Forces Network.

In early 2011, Strikeforce was purchased by American Ultimate Fighting Championship owner Zuffa LLC, which eventually closed the promotion and brought the remaining fighter contracts into the UFC roster.
Gawler line
The Gawler line (also known as the Gawler Central line) is a suburban commuter railway line in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. The Gawler Line is the most frequent and heavily patronised line in the Adelaide rail network. It is also the only line to have no other interchange with another line except Adelaide.

Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line
The Adelaide–Port Augusta railway line is the main route for northbound rail traffic out of Adelaide, South Australia. The line, 315 kilometres (196 miles) long, is part of the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor and the Sydney–Perth rail corridor. Before the route was converted to 1435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge in 1982, the two cities were connected by 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge and 1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow gauge (until 1937); and broad and standard gauge (subsequently).

One Rail Australia, Pacific National and SCT Logistics operate freight services on the line; the sole passenger service is Journey Beyond's experiential tourism trains The Ghan and Indian Pacific.

SCT Logistics' Penfield intermodal terminal is connected to a siding south of the Northern Expressway and the Bolivar crossing loop.
Maken-ki!
Maken-ki! (マケン姫っ!, Makenki'!) is a Japanese manga series by Hiromitsu Takeda. It was published by Fujimi Shobo's magazine Dragon Age Pure, and later Monthly Dragon Age, after the former magazine ceased publishing. It has been adapted into an anime series by AIC that aired on Tokyo MX in the fall of 2011. It is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll (also known as Funimation until 2022) under the title Maken-ki! Battling Venus. Two OVA episodes animated by AIC and Xebec were released at February 29, 2012 and September 25, 2013. They were bundled with the eighth and eleventh volumes of the manga respectively. A second season, titled Maken-ki! Two (マケン姫っ！通, Makenki! Tsū), was animated by Xebec and aired in 2014.

Dragon Age Pure
Dragon Age Pure (Japanese: ドラゴンエイジピュア, Hepburn: Doragon Eiji Pyua) was a Japanese shōnen manga magazine published by Fujimi Shobo. It was first released on January 30, 2006, and was initially sold quarterly. Starting with the sale of the fourth volume on April 20, 2007, the magazine was sold bimonthly until its final issue, the fifteenth volume released on February 20, 2009. The magazine was a special edition of its parent magazine Monthly Dragon Age which also publishes light novels along with manga.
Eric Anderson (actor)
Eric Anderson (born December 14, 1972) is an American actor. On Broadway, he has originated roles in Waitress, Kinky Boots, The Last Ship, Rocky, Soul Doctor, and The Great Gatsby and was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical. He portrayed Mr. O'Malley in The Greatest Showman (2017). In 2022, he took over the role of Harold Zidler in the jukebox musical Moulin Rouge! on Broadway.

Moulin Rouge! (musical)
Moulin Rouge! The Musical is a jukebox musical with a book by John Logan. The musical is based on the 2001 film Moulin Rouge! directed by Baz Luhrmann and written by Luhrmann and Craig Pearce. Moulin Rouge! is set in Paris during the Belle Epoque; it follows Christian, a young composer, who falls in love with Satine, a courtesan and the star of the Moulin Rouge cabaret.

The musical premiered on July 10, 2018, at the Emerson Colonial Theatre in Boston. Moulin Rouge! began performances on Broadway at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre, in June 2019, with an official opening on July 25. The production was nominated for 14 Tony Awards, winning 10 (the most that year), including Best Musical. Moulin Rouge! continues its run in New York and has been produced for long runs around the world, including in the West End, beginning in 2021.
Ventôse
Ventôse (French pronunciation: [vɑ̃toz]; also Ventose) was the sixth month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ventosus meaning 'windy'.

Ventôse was the third month of the winter quarter (mois d'hiver). It started between 19 and 21 February. It ended between 20 and 21 March. It follows the second month, Pluviôse, and precedes the fourth month, Germinal.

New names for the calendar were suggested by Fabre d'Églantine on 24 October 1793 and on 24 November the National Convention accepted the names with minor changes. It was decided to omit the circumflex (accent circonflexe) in the names of the winter months, so the month was named Ventose instead of Ventôse. Historiography prefers the spelling Ventôse.

Germinal (month)
Germinal (French pronunciation: [ʒɛʁminal]) is the seventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word germen 'germination'. Germinal was the first month of the spring quarter (mois de printemps). It started March 21 or March 22, and ended April 19 or April 20. It follows Ventôse and precedes Floréal.

In the context of the French Revolution, Germinal sometimes refers to the downfall and execution of the Indulgents, Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins, which took place during Germinal of 1794, four months before the Thermidorian Reaction in which Robespierre himself was executed. The events of Germinal 1794 signaled the beginning of the end of the Reign of Terror.
Karim Amer
Karim Amer (born November 10, 1983) is an Egyptian-American film producer and director. He worked on The Square (2013) and The Great Hack (2019); the former was the first Egyptian film to earn an Academy Award nomination and went on to win three Emmy Awards, while the latter got nominated for an Emmy and a BAFTA Award. In 2020, he produced and directed The Vow, an HBO documentary series about the self-improvement group, NXIVM.  In 2022, he produced and directed Flight/Risk for Amazon Studios, revolving around whistleblowers at Boeing.

Flight/Risk
Flight/Risk is a 2022 American documentary film that examines the crashes of two Boeing 737 MAX planes through the perspective of surviving family members, lawyers, and whistleblowers. It is directed by Karim Amer and Omar Mullick.

It was released on September 9, 2022, by Amazon Studios. It was nominated for a News & Documentary Emmy Award for Outstanding Investigative Documentary.