hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grigoris (catholicos)
Grigoris (early 4th century – c. 330 or c. 334 AD; Armenian: Գրիգորիս Աղվանացի, romanized: Grigoris Aghvanatsi, lit. 'Grigoris of Albania') was the Catholicos of the Church of Caucasian Albania ca. 325–330 AD. He is considered a saint martyr by the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Church of Caucasian Albania
The Church of Albania or the Albanian Apostolic Church was an ancient, briefly autocephalous church established in the 5th century. In 705, it fell under the religious jurisdiction of the Armenian Apostolic Church as the Catholicosate of Aghvank centered in Caucasian Albania, a region spanning present-day northern Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan.

In medieval times, the Gandzasar monastery served as the See of the Catholicosate of Aghvank of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which continued to exist until 1828 (or 1836) when it was formally abolished by the Russian authorities, following the forced cession of the last territories in the Caucasus maintained under Iranian Qajar rule per the Treaty of Turkmenchay and the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828).
Monte Cristo Jr. (Victorian burlesque)
Monte Cristo Jr.  was a Victorian burlesque with a libretto written by Richard Henry, a pseudonym for the writers Richard Butler and Henry Chance Newton. The score was composed by Meyer Lutz, Ivan Caryll, Hamilton Clarke, Tito Mattei, G. W. Hunt and Henry J. Leslie. The ballet and incidental dances were arranged by John D'Auban, and the theatre's musical director, Meyer Lutz, conducted. The play's doggerel verse was loosely based on The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas.

The piece was first performed under the management of George Edwardes, premiering at the Gaiety Theatre in London on 23 December 1886. Nellie Farren, E. J. Lonnen, Fred Leslie, Marion Hood and Jenny Lind appeared in the cast during the run, which ended in early October 1887. It was then toured in Britain, and the following year it was mounted in New York and toured in Australia.

A separate musical of the same name (except with a comma after "Cristo") premiered on Broadway in 1919, composed by Sigmund Romberg.

Meyer Lutz
Wilhelm Meyer Lutz (19 May 1829 – 31 January 1903) was a German-born British composer and conductor who is best known for light music, musical theatre and burlesques of well-known works.

Emigrating to the UK at the age of 19, Lutz started as an organist and soon became a theatrical conductor in London. After serving from 1850 to 1855 as music director of the Surrey Theatre, Lutz conducted touring opera companies and composed some serious music and music for the Christy Minstrels.  In 1869, he was engaged as the music director of the Gaiety Theatre, London, arranging and later composing a series of popular burlesques over the next 25 years. Lutz continued to compose songs into the 20th century.
Kleber Koike Erbst
Kleber Koike Erbst (クレベル・コイケ・エルベスト, Kureberu Koike Erubesuto; born October 16, 1989) is a Brazilian-born Japanese mixed martial artist who competes in the Featherweight division of Rizin Fighting Federation, where he is the former two-time Rizin Featherweight Champion. He has also competed in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW), where is the former KSW Featherweight Champion.

2022 in Rizin Fighting Federation
The year 2022 was the eighth year in the history of the Rizin Fighting Federation, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan.

Rizin events were broadcast through a television agreement with Fuji Television. However, due to several controversies, the promotion would be dropped by the network by May of that year. Rizin would since begin broadcasting on events via PPV on their new streaming service, RIZIN STREAM PASS, and various other streaming platforms in Japan.

In North America and Europe, Rizin events were available via PPV on LIVENow. Starting with Super Rizin & Rizin 38 in 2022, Integrated Sports would produce English-language PPVs of Rizin events for FITE.
The Young Americans College of the Performing Arts
The Young Americans College of the Performing Arts (YACPA; formerly: California Pacific College of the Performing Arts) is a performing arts conservatory in the city of Corona, CA, which is in the Greater Los Angeles Area in the United States. In 2025, the organization announced that it will close after the end of the spring semester due to accreditation difficulties.

The Young Americans
The Young Americans is a non-profit organization and performing group based in Southern California.  First founded in 1962 by Milton C. Anderson, the group was credited with being the first show choir in America, mixing choreography with choral singing. While experiencing national television exposure early on, The Young Americans later taught music to students in the United States and other parts of the world as advocates of music education in their International Music Outreach Tours. The group currently has approximately 50 active members between the ages of 18 and 28 from the United States and other countries.
John Patrick Hopkins
John Patrick Hopkins (October 29, 1858 – October 13, 1918) was an American politician who served as the 35th mayor of Chicago from 1893 to 1895. A member of the Democratic Party, Hopkins was the first of nine Irish American Catholic mayors of Chicago.

Hopkins was a close friend and a political ally of Roger Charles Sullivan.

Mayor of Chicago
The mayor of Chicago is the  chief executive of city government in Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the United States. The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of various city departments.In addition, the Mayor submits proposals and recommendations to the Chicago City Council, is active in the enforcement of the city's ordinances, submits the city's annual budget and appoints city officers, department commissioners or directors, and members of city boards and commissions.

During sessions of the city council, the mayor serves as the presiding officer. The mayor is not allowed to vote on issues except in certain instances, most notably where the vote taken on a matter before the body results in a tie.

The office of mayor was created when Chicago became a city in 1837.
Vardø Lighthouse
Vardø Lighthouse (Norwegian: Vardø fyr) is a coastal lighthouse located on the island of Hornøya, just off the coast of the town of Vardø in Vardø Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is the easternmost lighthouse in Norway.

Vardø Municipality
Vardø (Norwegian pronunciation: [vaɖːø] ⓘ; Finnish: Vuoreija; Kven: Vuorea; Northern Sami: Várggát) is a municipality in Finnmark county in the extreme northeastern part of Norway. Vardø is the easternmost town in Norway, more to the east than Saint Petersburg or Istanbul. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Vardø. Two of the larger villages in the municipality are Kiberg and Svartnes.

The 601-square-kilometre (232 sq mi) municipality is the 188th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vardø is the 284th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,972. The municipality's population density is 3.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (8.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Stevensville Bank
The Stevensville Bank is a historic bank building located near the center of Stevensville, Maryland, United States, and is in the Stevensville Historic District. The building's name is a reference to Stevensville Savings Bank which once occupied the building. The classically detailed bank is now used as a law office.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

Stevensville, Maryland
Stevensville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States, and is the county's most populous place among both CDPs and municipalities. The community is the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. The Stevensville Historic District is one of two registered historic districts in the county, the other being the Centreville Historic District.
Voorspoed diamond mine
The Voorspoed mine is one of the largest diamond mines in South Africa and in the world. The mine is located in the center of the country in Kroonstad, about 30 kilometres north-east of Kroonstad in Free State. The mine has estimated reserves of 10 million carats of diamonds and an annual production capacity of 800,000 carats.

Kroonstad
Kroonstad (lit. 'Crown City' in Afrikaans) is a town on the N1 highway in Free State, South Africa. It is the fourth largest town in the Free State (after Bloemfontein, Welkom and Bethlehem). It is the second-largest commercial and urban centre in the Northern Free State (after Welkom), and an important railway junction on the main line from Cape Town to Johannesburg.
Shirt (artist)
Shirt, formerly known as T.Shirt, is an American rapper and conceptual artist based in Queens, New York City. He is known for the music that is a blend of rap music, appropriation and performance art.  Shirt has produced works of writing, video, painting, public installations and performances around the world, as well as made internet art and produced clothing. He released his debut album, Wild Thing, in 2009. In 2018, Shirt released an album titled Pure Beauty, produced in partnership with the independent label Third Man Records run by Jack White of The White Stripes. Pure Beauty was met with positive reviews from Pitchfork, The Guardian and Loud and Quiet.

On Top (Flume song)
"On Top" was released as the first single from Flume's debut studio album, Flume. It features the vocals from American rapper T.Shirt. The track reached its peak of number 57 in Australia on 4 March 2013 and was certified Gold.
Transverse mode
A transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a particular electromagnetic field pattern of the radiation in the plane perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the radiation's propagation direction. Transverse modes occur in radio waves and microwaves confined to a waveguide, and also in light waves in an optical fiber and in a laser's optical resonator.

Transverse modes occur because of boundary conditions imposed on the wave by the waveguide. For example, a radio wave in a hollow metal waveguide must have zero tangential electric field amplitude at the walls of the waveguide, so the transverse pattern of the electric field of waves is restricted to those that fit between the walls. For this reason, the modes supported by a waveguide are quantized. The allowed modes can be found by solving Maxwell's equations for the boundary conditions of a given waveguide.

Normal mode
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.  The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies.  These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its natural frequencies or resonant frequencies.  A physical object, such as a building, bridge, or molecule, has a set of normal modes and their natural frequencies that depend on its structure, materials and boundary conditions.

The most general motion of a linear system is a superposition of its normal modes. The modes are "normal" in the sense that they move independently. An excitation of one mode will never cause excitation of a different mode. In mathematical terms, normal modes are orthogonal to each other.
Saliot
Salyot is a village in UC Kuthiala, District Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is located at 34°9'0N 73°7'0E with an altitude of 1137 metres (3733 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Bagwal Bandi, Bain Gojri and Shadial.

Bain Gojri
Bain Gojri is a village of Abbottabad District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°8'0N 73°7'0E with an elevation of 1,093 metres (3,586 feet). Neighbouring settlements include Patian, Bagwal Bandi and Saliot.
Anto Đapić
Anto Đapić (born 22 August 1958) is a Croatian far right politician and the former president of the Croatian Party of Rights (HSP). He served as a representative in the Croatian Parliament, a post he was elected to at the 1992, 1995, 2000, 2003 and 2007 elections.

Croatian Party of Rights
The Croatian Party of Rights (Croatian: Hrvatska stranka prava, abbr. HSP) is an extra-parliamentary nationalist and far-right political party in Croatia. The word "right(s)" in the party's name refers to the legal and moral reasons for the autonomy, independence, and sovereignty of Croatia.
Colonia Noche Buena
Colonia Noche Buena is a neighborhood in Benito Juárez, Mexico City.

"Noche Buena" literally means "good night", but is also the Spanish name for Christmas Eve. The name comes from Compañía Ladrillera de la Noche Buena, a brickworks from the 19th century that was located in the lands that now belong to the Parque Hundido and the Colonia Noche Buena.

Ciudad de los Deportes
Ciudad de los Deportes (literally: Sports City) is a neighborhood in Benito Juárez, Mexico City.

The neighborhood was initially planned to have several sports facilities including tennis courts, swimming pools, football fields and gymnasiums (hence the name) as well as a residential and commercial zone. Nevertheless, only two of the planned facilities were built: a bullring, the Plaza México and the Estadio Ciudad de los Deportes.
MIKEY
Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) is a key management protocol that is intended for use with real-time applications. It can specifically be used to set up encryption keys for multimedia sessions that are secured using SRTP, the security protocol commonly used for securing real-time communications such as VoIP.

MIKEY was first defined in RFC 3830. Additional MIKEY modes have been defined in RFC 4650, RFC 4738, RFC 6043, RFC 6267 and RFC 6509.

Sakai–Kasahara scheme
The Sakai–Kasahara scheme, also known as the Sakai–Kasahara key encryption algorithm (SAKKE), is an identity-based encryption (IBE) system proposed by Ryuichi Sakai and Masao Kasahara in 2003. Alongside the Boneh–Franklin scheme, this is one of a small number of commercially implemented identity-based encryption schemes. It is an application of pairings over elliptic curves and finite fields. A security proof for the algorithm was produced in 2005 by Chen and Cheng. SAKKE is described in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 6508.

As a specific method for identity-based encryption, the primary use case is to allow anyone to encrypt a message to a user when the sender only knows the public identity (e.g. email address) of the user. In this way, this scheme removes the requirement for users to share public certificates for the purpose of encryption.
Yamato, Fukuoka
Yamato (大和町, Yamato-machi) was a town located in Yamato District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 16,943 and a density of 743.77 persons per km2. The total area was 22.78 km2.

On March 21, 2005, Yamato, along with the town of Mitsuhashi (also from Yamato District), was merged into the expanded city of Yanagawa.

Yanagawa, Fukuoka
Yanagawa (柳川市, Yanagawa-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 62,268 in 26426 households, and a  population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 77.15 km2 (29.79 sq mi).
James A. McFadden
James Augustine McFadden (December 24, 1880 – November 16, 1952) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Youngstown in Ohio (1943–1952).  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Cleveland in Ohio (1932-1943).

Diocese of Cleveland
The Diocese of Cleveland (Latin: Dioecesis Clevelandensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northeastern Ohio in the United States. The bishop is Edward Malesic. The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist, located in Cleveland, is the mother church.
John Gilmore (musician)
John Gilmore (September 28, 1931 – August 20, 1995) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and percussionist. He was known for his tenure with the avant-garde keyboardist/bandleader Sun Ra from the 1950s to the 1990s, and led The Sun Ra Arkestra from Sun Ra's death in 1993 until his own death in 1995.

Dizzy Reece
Alphonso Son "Dizzy" Reece (born 5 January 1931) is a Jamaican-born jazz trumpeter. Reece emerged within  London's burgeoning bebop jazz scene during the 1950s and went on to become a leading proponent of hard bop jazz in New York City.

He later experimented with other jazz sub-genres in the late 1960s and 1970s, and continues to remain active in performance and composition. Reece's contribution to the jazz idiom is considered influential and he is often identified as one of jazz's great trumpet players.
U.S. Route 27
U.S. Route 27 or U.S. Highway 27 (US 27) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Southern and Midwestern U.S. The southern terminus is at US 1 in Miami, Florida. The northern terminus is at Interstate 69 (I-69) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. From Miami, it goes up the center of Florida, then west to Tallahassee, Florida, and north through such cities and towns as Columbus, Georgia; Rome, Georgia; Chattanooga, Tennessee; Lexington, Kentucky; Cincinnati, Ohio; Oxford, Ohio; Richmond, Indiana; and Fort Wayne, Indiana. It once extended north through Lansing, Michigan, to Cheboygan, Mackinaw City, and, for about three years, even as far as St. Ignace. US 27 was first signed in 1926, replacing what had been the eastern route of the Dixie Highway in many states.

U.S. Route 41
U.S. Route 41, also U.S. Highway 41 (US 41), is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Until 1949, the part in southern Florida, from Naples to Miami, was US 94. The highway's southern terminus is in the Brickell neighborhood of Downtown Miami at an intersection with Brickell Avenue (US 1), and its northern terminus is east of Copper Harbor, Michigan, at a modest cul-de-sac near Fort Wilkins Historic State Park at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. US 41 is closely paralleled by Interstate 75 (I-75) from Naples, Florida, all the way through Georgia to Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Hugh Lyle Smyth
Hugh Lyle Smyth (15 Nov 1834 – 25 May 1911) was a wealthy merchant and a JP who was appointed High Sheriff of Cheshire in 1895.

He was born in Derry to Ross Thompson Smyth and Sarah Lyle. He married Eliza Turner of Rusholme Park on 5 June 1862. They had eleven children. Their family home was Crabwall Hall, in the village of Mollington, Cheshire. He had a large country house, Barrowmore Hall in Great Barrow, Cheshire, designed by the architect, John Douglas (1829–1911) and completed c. 1881. His daughter Una Maud Lyle Smyth was a novelist who wrote under the name Marius Lyle.

High Sheriff of Cheshire
This is a list of Sheriffs (and after 1 April 1974, High Sheriffs) of Cheshire.

The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff. The High Sheriff is appointed annually, taking office in March. As of 2022, the High Sheriff of Cheshire is Jeannie France-Hayhurst.
Alessandro Mattei
Alessandro Mattei (20 February 1744, Rome – 20 April 1820) was an Italian Cardinal, and a significant figure in papal diplomacy of the Napoleonic period. He was from the Roman aristocratic House of Mattei.

He became Archbishop of Ferrara in 1777, and was named cardinal in 1779.

He became Bishop of Palestrina in 1800, Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina in 1809, and Bishop of Ostia in 1814. From 1817 to his death he was archpriest of St Peter's Basilica.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent bishop is Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. For centuries, its bishop has been the dean of the College of Cardinals. Its cathedral is Santa Aurea.

From 1105 to 1914, the diocese was merged with the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri. In 1962, the Diocese of Ostia was brought under the direct administration of the Diocese of Rome. Its territory is restricted to the single cathedral parish of Santa Aurea.
Hehe people
The Hehe (Swahili collective: Wahehe) is a Bantu ethnolinguistic group based in Iringa Region in south-central Tanzania, speaking the Bantu Hehe language. In 2006, the Hehe population was estimated at 805,000, up from the just over 250,000 recorded in the 1957 census, when they were the eighth largest ethnic group in Tanganyika. There were an additional 4,023 of them in Uganda in 2014.

Historically, they are famous for vanquishing a German colonial expedition at Lugalo on 17 August 1891 and maintaining their resistance for seven years thereafter under the leadership of their chief Mkwawa.

Iringa Region
Iringa Region (Mkoa wa Iringa in Swahili)  is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The region covers an area of 35,503 km2 (13,708 sq mi). The region is comparable in size to the combined land area of the nation state of Guinea Bissau. Iringa Region is bordered to the east by Morogoro Region and south by Njombe Region. On the west the region is bordered by Mbeya Region. Dodoma Region and Singida Region border Iringa on the north. The regional capital is the city Iringa for which the city is named after. According to the 2022 census, the region has a total population of 1,192,728. Iringa Region is home to Ruaha National Park, Tanzania's second national largest park.
Abductor pollicis longus muscle
In human anatomy, the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand.  Its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist.  Its tendon forms the anterior border of the anatomical snuffbox.

First metacarpal bone
The first metacarpal bone or the metacarpal bone of the thumb is the first bone proximal to the thumb.  It is connected to the trapezium of the carpus at the first carpometacarpal joint and to the proximal thumb phalanx at the first metacarpophalangeal joint.
Hill cipher
In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra. Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, it was the first polygraphic cipher in which it was practical (though barely) to operate on more than three symbols at once.

The following discussion assumes an elementary knowledge of matrices.

Classical cipher
In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but, for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern cryptographic algorithms, most classical ciphers are very simple to break with modern technology, and usually can also be solved by hand. The term includes the simple systems used since Greek and Roman times, the elaborate Renaissance ciphers, World War II cryptography such as the Enigma machine, and others.

Conversely, modern strong cryptography relies on new algorithms and computers developed since the 1970s.
Buddhist pilgrimage sites
The most important places in Buddhism are located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of southern Nepal, northern and eastern India. This is the area where Gautama Buddha was born, lived, and taught, and the main sites connected to his life are now important places of pilgrimage for both Buddhists and Hindus. Many countries that are or were predominantly Buddhist have shrines and places which can be visited as a pilgrimage.

Kushinagar
Kushinagar (Pali: Kusinārā; Sanskrit: Kuśinagara) is a town in the Kushinagar district in Uttar Pradesh, India, 53 kilometres (33 miles) east of Gorakhpur on National Highway 27, Kushinagar is a Buddhist pilgrimage site, where Buddhists believe Gautama Buddha died.