hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Site
Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Site is a 19th-century coastal artillery fort located on Esquimalt Harbour in Colwood, British Columbia, Canada. It was constructed in the 1890s by the Royal Marine Artillery to defend the Esquimalt Naval Base. It consists of three gun batteries, and was in continuous use by the Royal Canadian Artillery until 1956.

The site is adjacent to Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site, the first lighthouse on the west coast of Canada. Both the fort and lighthouse are managed and presented to the public by Parks Canada.

Colwood, British Columbia
Colwood is a city on Vancouver Island to the southwest of Victoria, capital of British Columbia, Canada. Colwood was incorporated in 1985 and has a population of approximately 19,000 people. Colwood lies within the boundaries of the Greater Victoria area or Capital Regional District, in a region called the Western Communities, or the West Shore. Set along more than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of oceanfront, this fast-growing seaside community is one of the 13 component municipalities of Greater Victoria.
Navarrese electoral Carlism during the Restoration
Carlism was the dominant political movement in elections in Navarre during the period between the Third Carlist War (ended 1876) and the Primo de Rivera dictatorship (began 1923). The movement, defeated in 1876, during the Restauración period recalibrated its focus from military action to political means and media campaigns. Accommodating themselves to political framework of the Alfonsine monarchy, party leaders considered elections, and especially elections to Cortes Generales, primary vehicle of political mobilization. Navarre turned out to be the Carlist electoral stronghold; it elected 35% of all Carlist deputies voted into the parliament during almost 50 years of the monarchical liberal democracy. Though the phenomenon remained marginal from the national Spanish perspective, political prowess of Carlism in the province was key to sustain its potential until the movement regained momentum during the Second Spanish Republic.

Joaquín Baleztena Azcárate
Joaquín Baleztena Azcárate (25 February 1883 – 26 June 1978) was a Spanish Carlist politician. During three consecutive terms between 1919 and 1923 he served as a Traditionalist member of the Cortes. In two separate strings of 1931–1942 and 1951–1957 he headed the regional party organization in Navarre; he remained one of key nationwide Carlist politicians from the late 1910s till the early 1970s. In 1937–1939 he was a member of the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS executive, Consejo Nacional.
Trip valve gear
Trip valve mechanisms are a class of steam engine valve gear developed to improve efficiency. The trip mechanism allows the inlet valve to be closed rapidly, giving a short, sharp cut-off. The valve itself can be a drop valve or a Corliss valve.

Trip valve gear was applied to larger stationary engines. It was not used in transport applications, as it was not suitable for high speed.

The trip point of the valve mechanism, and therefore the cut-off, would be adjusted either manually or automatically by the governor. The valve is opened by the mechanical valve gear mechanism, and when the trip gear trigger releases the mechanism the valve is snapped closed, usually by a spring acting against a dashpot.

Double beat valve
The double-beat valve, drop valve or equilibrium valve is a type of poppet valve arranged to allow it to be opened against a high pressure with a minimum of force. One of its uses is in steam engines to admit steam to the cylinders and to release the exhaust. In stationary steam engines it is usually operated by trip valve gear while in railway locomotives a valve gear such as Caprotti is used.
Foundation 9 Entertainment
Foundation 9 Entertainment, Inc. was an American video game company based in Irvine, California. The company was formed in March 2005 through the merger of video game developers Backbone Entertainment and The Collective.

Amaze Entertainment
Amaze Entertainment, formerly KnowWonder, was an American video game developer based in Kirkland, Washington that operated from 1996 to 2009. Initially a developer of children's edutainment titles, they went on to develop video games for several high-profile properties, including Harry Potter, The Lord of the Rings, The Sims, The Chronicles of Narnia, and Pirates of the Caribbean. During its lifespan, it was one of North America's largest independent video game developers. It was acquired by Foundation 9 Entertainment in 2006, and in 2009 was merged with its former subsidiary Griptonite Games.
Wikipediocracy
Wikipediocracy is a website for discussion and criticism of Wikipedia. Its members have brought information about Wikipedia's controversies to the attention of the media. The site was founded in March 2012 by users of Wikipedia Review, another site dedicated to criticism of Wikipedia.

The site is "known for digging up dirt on Wikipedia's top brass", wrote reporter Kevin Morris in the Daily Dot.  Novelist Amanda Filipacchi wrote in The Wall Street Journal that the site "intelligently discusses and entertainingly lambastes Wikipedia's problematic practices".

Amanda Filipacchi
Amanda Filipacchi (/fɪlɪˈpɑːkɪ/; born October 10, 1967) is a French-American novelist. She was born in Paris and educated in both in France and in the U.S. She is the author of four novels, Nude Men (1993), Vapor (1999), Love Creeps (2005), and The Unfortunate Importance of Beauty (2015). Her fiction has been translated into 13 languages.
Canon TX
The Canon TX is a 35mm single-lens reflex camera that was manufactured and sold by Canon of Japan from March 1975.  It features a Canon FD lens mount, and is also compatible with Canon's earlier FL-mount lenses in stop-down metering mode.  The TX was a cheaper version of the Canon FTb for the export market, as was the slightly earlier TLb.  Compared to the TLb, the TX has a hot shoe for flash.

Compared to the FTb, the TX has a top shutter speed of only 1/500. The meter is center-weighted rather than the 12% partial meter of the FTb. It also dispenses with the self-timer and MLU of the FTb, although it does retain the depth of field preview lever and support for stopped-down metering. The TX also does not support the CAT (Canon Auto-Tuning) flash system.

It was also sold in the US as the Bell & Howell FD35.

Canon FD lens mount
The Canon FD lens mount is a physical standard for connecting a photographic lens to a 35mm single-lens reflex camera body.  The standard was developed by Canon of Japan and was introduced in March 1971 with the Canon F-1 camera. It served as the Canon SLR interchangeable lens mounting system until the 1987 introduction of the Canon EOS series cameras, which use the newer EF lens mount.  The FD mount lingered through the release of the 1990 Canon T60, the last camera introduced in the FD system, and the end of the Canon New F-1 product cycle in 1992.
Ammar ibn Yasir
Ammar ibn Yasir (Arabic: عَمَّار بْن يَاسِر, romanized: ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir; c. 567/570 –  July 657 C.E.) was a Sahabi (Companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a commander in the early Muslim conquests. His parents, Sumayya and Yasir ibn Amir, were the first martyrs of the Ummah. Ammar converted to Islam by the invitation of Abu Bakr and was amongst the muhajirun. After the migration to Medina, he participated in building the Prophet's Mosque and fought in most of the early Muslim expeditions.

He fought in the Ridda wars under Caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and in the Muslim conquest of Iran under Caliph Umar (r. 634–644). Ammar served as governor of Kufa under Umar. Following Uthman's assassination, Ammar became a devout partisan of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and died while fighting on Ali's side in the Battle of Siffin.

Muhajirun
The Muhajirun (Arabic: المهاجرون, romanized: al-muhājirūn, singular مهاجر, muhājir) were the converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated from Mecca to Medina; the event is known in Islam as the Hijra. The early Muslims from Medina are called the Ansar ("helpers").
Isabella Dam
Isabella Dam is an embankment dam located in the Kern River Valley, about halfway down the Kern River course, between the towns of Kernville and Lake Isabella in Kern County, California.

Isabella Dam serves agricultural, hydroelectric, and flood control uses. Lake Isabella (the reservoir created by the dam) also serves as a recreational and tourist attraction. Water sports, fishing, boating, camping, and hiking are common throughout the area, as well as the Sequoia National Forest.

Kernville, California
Kernville is a census-designated place (CDP) in the southern Sierra Nevada, in Kern County, California, United States. Kernville is located 42 miles (68 km) northeast of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 2,667 feet (813 m). The population was 1,549 at the 2020 United States census, up from 1,395 at the 2010 census, but below the 2000 census total of 1,736.
Barnham railway station
Barnham railway station is in Barnham, West Sussex, England around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Bognor Regis.

It is located on the West Coastway Line between Brighton and Southampton, 63 miles 22 chains (101.8 km) down the line from London Bridge via Redhill. The station and all services are operated by Southern which operate at the station using Class 377 EMUs.

Barnham, West Sussex
Barnham is a village, Anglican parish and former civil parish, now in the civil parish of Barnham and Eastergate, in the Arun district of West Sussex, England, centred about 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Bognor Regis. On 1 April 2019 the parish was merged with Eastergate to form "Barnham and Eastergate". In 2011 the parish had a population of 1391.
Esther Bigeou
Esther Bigeou (1893 – November 15, 1934) was an American vaudeville and blues singer. Billed as "The Girl with the Million Dollar Smile", she was one of  the classic female blues singers popular in the 1920s.

Classic female blues
Classic female blues was an early form of blues music, dominated by women that was popular in the 1920s in the United States. An amalgam of traditional folk blues and urban theater music, the style is also known as vaudeville blues. Classic blues were performed by female singers accompanied by pianists or small jazz ensembles and were the first blues to be recorded. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and the other singers in this genre were instrumental in spreading the popularity of the blues. Women in blues were instrumental in influencing later genres of music such as jazz, rhythm & blues and rock and roll.
Colebrookdale Railroad
The Colebrookdale Railroad (reporting mark EBGX), also known as the Secret Valley Line or colloquially as The Colebrookdale, is a tourist railroad located in Boyertown, Pennsylvania. The railroad operates between Boyertown in Berks County and Pottstown in Montgomery County.

East Penn Railroad
The East Penn Railroad (reporting mark ESPN) is a short-line railroad located in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, it operates a number of mostly-unconnected lines in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Except for two industrial park switching operations, all are former Pennsylvania Railroad or Reading Company lines, abandoned or sold by Conrail or its predecessors.

The East Penn Railroad was formed in 2007 through a merger of East Penn Railways (reporting mark EPRY) and Penn Eastern Rail Lines (reporting mark PRL), each of which began operating in the 1990s. The railroad is owned by Regional Rail, LLC, which also owns the Middletown and New Jersey Railroad, Tyburn Railroad, Carolina Coastal Railway, Florida Central Railroad, Florida Northern Railroad, and Florida Midland Railroad.
Amerikabomber
The Amerikabomber (lit. 'America bomber') project was an initiative of the German Ministry of Aviation (German: Reichsluftfahrtministerium) to obtain a long-range strategic bomber for the Luftwaffe that would be capable of striking the United States (specifically New York City) from Germany, a round-trip distance of about 11,600 km (7,200 mi).

A Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor of the Luft Hansa made a direct flight from Berlin to New York in August 1938. The Amerikabomber concept was raised in the same year, but advanced plans for such a long-range strategic bomber design were not presented to Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring until early 1942. Various proposals were put forward, but these plans were all eventually abandoned as they were too expensive, too reliant on rapidly diminishing matériel and production capacity, and technically infeasible.

Nakajima Fugaku
The Nakajima Fugaku (富嶽, Mount Fuji) was a planned Japanese ultra-long-range heavy bomber designed during World War II. It was conceived as a method for mounting aerial attacks from Japan against industrial targets along the west coast (e.g., San Francisco) and in the Midwest (e.g., Detroit, Milwaukee, Chicago, and Wichita) and the northeast (e.g., New York City and Norfolk) of the United States. Japan's worsening war situation resulted in the project's cancellation in 1944 and no prototype was ever built.

The G10N designation is a post-war extrapolation from the Japanese naming system and is sometimes still used incorrectly.
Exhibition Street
Exhibition Street is a major street in the Melbourne central business district, Australia. The street is named after the International Exhibition held at the Royal Exhibition Building in 1880, and was previously known as Stephen Street from 1837. The street runs roughly north–south and was laid out as part of the original Hoddle Grid.

Hoddle Grid
The Hoddle Grid is the contemporary name given to the approximately 1.61-by-0.80-kilometre (1.00 mi × 0.50 mi)  grid of streets that form the Melbourne central business district, Australia. Bounded by Flinders Street, Spring Street, La Trobe Street, and Spencer Street, it lies at an angle to the rest of the Melbourne suburban grid, and so is easily recognisable. It is named after the surveyor Robert Hoddle, who marked it out in 1837 (to Lonsdale Street, extended to La Trobe Street the next year), based on the city grid established in the first survey of Melbourne conducted by Robert Russell (architect) in 1836, establishing the first formal town plan. This grid of streets, laid out when there were only a few hundred settlers, became the nucleus for what is now Melbourne, a city of over five million people.
Valassis
Valassis Communications, Inc. is a Livonia, Michigan-based company that provides media and marketing services in the United States, Europe, Mexico, and Canada. It is one of the largest coupon distributors/processors in the world. Since 2020, Valassis has been unified under parent corporation, Vericast.

Valassis companies include Valassis Digital, Valassis Direct Mail, Inc., Valassis Canada, Promotion Watch and NCH Marketing Services, Inc. It has approximately 7,000 employees in 28 states and nine countries.

Valassis has relationships with more than 15,000 advertisers worldwide in various industries, including automotive, consumer electronics, consumer packaged goods, financial services, franchise food, grocery, specialty retail, and telecommunications.

In February 2014, Harland Clarke Holdings, a subsidiary of M&F Worldwide, completed purchase of Valassis for approximately $1.8 billion. Before this, Valassis had been a publicly traded corporation.

M&F Worldwide
M&F Worldwide Corp. is a privately held holding company based in New York City. It was incorporated in Delaware on June 1, 1988. Formerly Power Control Technologies, Inc., the company was previously a New York Stock Exchange listed public holding company (MFW) that became part of the Ronald O. Perelman group of companies. It was acquired by private company MacAndrews & Forbes in 2011.
Langenberg (Rhineland)
Langenberg (German pronunciation: [ˈlaŋənbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a borough (Stadtbezirk) of Velbert, a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Its population is 15,717 (2021).  Located in this district is the famous Sender Langenberg transmission site, which transmits MW, FM, and TV broadcasting signals.

Velbert
Velbert (German pronunciation: [ˈfɛlbɐt] ⓘ, Low Rhenish: Vèlbed) is a town in the district of Mettmann, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The town is renowned worldwide for the production of locks and fittings.
Swampoodle Creek
Swampoodle Creek is a creek in Bowie County, Texas. The creek rises in northern Texarkana and flows south, under several major highways including U.S. Route 82 and U.S. Route 67 before meeting Days Creek, alongside Nix Creek near the Arkansas border.

Days Creek (Arkansas)
Days Creek is a creek in the Texarkana metropolitan area. The creek forms in southern Texarkana, Texas when the Nix Creek and Swampoodle Creek meet, before flowing south where Wagner Creek meets the creek near the Arkansas border. The creek then passes into Arkansas flowing east where it meets Sulphur River south-west of Fouke.
Soueast DX5
The Soueast DX5 is a compact crossover SUV designed by Pininfarina and manufactured by Chinese automaker Soueast Motors (2019–2023) under the Jetour brand for the Middle East and the CIS markets from 2024.

Jetour
Jetour (Chinese: 捷途; pinyin: Jiétú; lit. 'victory road') is a marque of Chinese vehicle manufacturer Chery Automobile that was established in 2018. The brand mainly produces SUVs.

The name "Jetour" is a combination of the word "jet" and "tour", which according to the brand signifies a "convenient journey".

In China, Jetour vehicles are distributed by Wuhu Jetour Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.
Vélodrome Buffalo and Stade Buffalo
The Vélodrome Buffalo and Stade Buffalo were cycling tracks in Paris. The first existed from 1892  until World War I. The second from 1922 until 1957.

The name derives from the American showman Buffalo Bill Cody, whose circus played on the grounds of the first velodrome.

Bol d'Or cycle race
The Bol d'Or was a bicycle track race that ran in France between 1894 and 1950. It was a paced, 24-hour endurance event. It has been won by several notable cyclists including Constant Huret (4 times), the Australian Hubert Opperman and three time hour record breaker Oscar Egg. The person with the most wins is Léon Georget (brother of Émile) with nine (including eight in a row).
HM Prison Ford
HM Prison Ford (informally known as Ford Open Prison) is a Category D men's prison, located at Ford, in West Sussex, England, near Arundel and Littlehampton. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service.

720 Naval Air Squadron
720 Naval Air Squadron (720 NAS) was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy (RN). The squadron originated as the Catapult Fight for the New Zealand Division and it achieved squadron status and a shore base at Auckland, New Zealand, before the start of the Second World War. However it was absorbed into 700 Naval Air Squadron in January 1940. The squadron reformed at the beginning of August 1945, from an unnumbered photographic flight originally formed in December 1940, at HMS Peregrine, RNAS Ford, in Sussex, as the RN Photographic Squadron. It moved to HMS Siskin, RNAS Gosport, in Hampshire, during May 1948, but 720 Naval Air Squadron disbanded in January 1950, with 771 Naval Air Squadron taking on the aircraft and duties.
Inks Lake
Inks Lake is a reservoir on the Colorado River in the Texas Hill Country in the United States.  The reservoir was formed in 1938 by the construction of Inks Dam by the Lower Colorado River Authority.  Located near Burnet, Texas, the lake serves to provide flood control in tandem with Lake Buchanan and features the smallest hydroelectric power plant on the Highland Lakes chain. Inks Lake was named for Roy B. Inks, one of the original board members of the Lower Colorado River Authority, and serves as a venue for outdoor recreation, including fishing, boating, swimming, camping, and picnicking.

The other reservoirs on the Colorado River are Lake Buchanan, Lake LBJ, Lake Marble Falls, Lake Travis, Lake Austin, and Lady Bird Lake.

Inks Dam
Inks Dam was constructed from 1936 to 1938 and forms Inks Lake, one of the seven Texas Highland Lakes. The lake and dam are owned and operated by the Lower Colorado River Authority for hydropower generation and recreational purposes and are named for Roy B. Inks, one of the original members on the LCRA Board of Directors.

The Dam is also home to a national fish hatchery. Located just downriver from the spillway, Inks Dam NFH has 30 ponds ranging in size from 0.25 to 1.5 acres (0.10 to 0.61 ha) with a total of 28 acres (11 ha) for fish production. The facility also has an isolation building for endangered species containing aquariums of various sizes of circular tanks.
Dominic Salvatore Gentile
Dominic Salvatore "Don" Gentile (December 6, 1920 – January 28, 1951), was a World War II RAF and USAAF pilot who achieved fame as he came close to surpassing Eddie Rickenbacker's World War I record of 26 downed aircraft.  He later served in the post-war U.S. Air Force.

Piqua, Ohio
Piqua (/ˈpɪkwə/ PIK-wə) is a city in Miami County, Ohio, United States, along the Great Miami River. The population was 20,354 at the 2020 census. Located 27 miles (43 km) north of Dayton, it is part of the Dayton metropolitan area.
ISO 639:d
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with D.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:e
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with E.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad
The West Chester & Philadelphia Railroad (WC&P) operated in the greater Philadelphia area from 1848 to 1881. It became the West Chester Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). It has been operated as the Media/Wawa Line on the SEPTA system since 2022. It was known as the Media-Elwyn Line from 1983-2022.

West Chester Branch
The West Chester Branch is a railway line in southeastern Pennsylvania. At its fullest extent, it connected with the Philadelphia–Washington Main Line (Northeast Corridor) at Arsenal Junction near the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia-Chicago Main Line near Frazer, Pennsylvania. It was part of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) system (and later Penn Central) until the formation of Conrail in 1976. Today, SEPTA operates the Media/Wawa Line commuter service west to Wawa Station, while the West Chester Railroad heritage railway operates between West Chester station and Glen Mills.