hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hadamard transform
The Hadamard transform (also known as the Walsh–Hadamard transform, Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform, Walsh transform, or Walsh–Fourier transform) is an example of a generalized class of Fourier transforms. It performs an orthogonal, symmetric, involutive, linear operation on 2m real numbers (or complex, or hypercomplex numbers, although the Hadamard matrices themselves are purely real).

The Hadamard transform can be regarded as being built out of size-2 discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs), and is in fact equivalent to a multidimensional DFT of size 2 × 2 × ⋯ × 2 × 2.  It decomposes an arbitrary input vector into a superposition of Walsh functions.

The transform is named for the French mathematician Jacques Hadamard (French: [adamaʁ]), the German-American mathematician Hans Rademacher, and the American mathematician Joseph L. Walsh.

Fast Walsh–Hadamard transform
In computational mathematics, the Hadamard ordered fast Walsh–Hadamard transform (FWHTh) is an efficient algorithm to compute the Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT).  A naive implementation of the WHT of order  would have a computational complexity of O().  The FWHTh requires only  additions or subtractions.

The FWHTh is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that recursively breaks down a WHT of size  into two smaller WHTs of size .   This implementation follows the recursive definition of the  Hadamard matrix :

The  normalization factors for each stage may be grouped together or even omitted.

The sequency-ordered, also known as Walsh-ordered, fast Walsh–Hadamard transform, FWHTw, is obtained by computing the FWHTh as above, and then rearranging the outputs.

A simple fast nonrecursive implementation of the Walsh–Hadamard transform follows from decomposition of the Hadamard transform matrix as , where A is m-th root of .
Department of Conservation and Recreation
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all."  The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.

Massachusetts Department of Transportation
The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) oversees roads, public transit, aeronautics, and transportation licensing and registration in the US state of Massachusetts.  It was created on November 1, 2009, by the 186th Session of the Massachusetts General Court upon enactment of the 2009 Transportation Reform Act.
2023 Indianapolis City-County Council election
The 2023 Indianapolis City–County Council elections took place on November 7, 2023, with all 25 seats up for election. Before the elections, Democrats held a 20-5 seat majority. New districts were drawn in 2021 that were used for this Election. Primaries for the council were held May 2, 2023. Following the elections, Democrats held their control of the council with a 19–6 majority. In the Indianapolis mayoral election held at the same time, Democrat Joe Hogsett beat Republican Jefferson Shreve 59.5% to 40.5%. With his election to District 4, Nick Roberts became the youngest elected official for any of the 50 largest American cities at age 23.

Indianapolis City-County Council
The City-County Council of Indianapolis and Marion County is the legislative body of the combined government of the city of Indianapolis and the county of Marion in the state of Indiana. The council was established as part of the consolidation of city and county governments, enacted by Unigov on January 1, 1970.

The council is composed of 25 members elected to four-year renewable terms, each representing an electoral district. The council is responsible for reviewing and adopting budgets and appropriations. It can also enact, repeal, or amend ordinances, and make appointments to certain boards and commissions, among other duties. Council offices and the public assembly room are housed in the City-County Building.
Whalers Bay (South Shetland Islands)
Whalers Bay is a small bay entered between Fildes Point and Penfold Point at the east side of Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The bay was so named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Charcot, because of its use at that time by whalers.

Deception Island
Deception Island is in the South Shetland Islands close to the Antarctic Peninsula with a large and usually "safe" natural harbour, which is occasionally affected by the underlying active volcano. This island is the caldera of an active volcano, which seriously damaged local scientific stations in 1967 and 1969. The island previously held a whaling station. It has now become a tourist destination, attracting over 15,000 visitors annually. Two research stations are operated by Argentina and Spain during the summer season. While various countries have asserted sovereignty, it is still administered under the Antarctic Treaty System, meaning it is under no control.
Rachilde
Rachilde (French pronunciation: [ʁaʃild]) was the pen name and preferred identity of novelist and playwright Marguerite Vallette-Eymery (11 February 1860 – 4 April 1953). Born near Périgueux, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France during the Second French Empire, Rachilde went on to become a Symbolist author and one of the most prominent women in literature associated with the Decadent movement of fin de siècle France.

A diverse and challenging author, Rachilde's most famous work includes the darkly erotic novels Monsieur Vénus (1884), La Marquise de Sade (1887), and La Jongleuse (1900). She also wrote a 1928 monograph on gender identity, Pourquoi je ne suis pas féministe ("Why I am not a Feminist"). Her work was noted for being frank, fantastical, and always with a suggestion of autobiography underlying questions of gender, sexuality, and identity.

She said of herself, "I always acted as an individual, not thinking to found a society or to upset the present one."

Decadent movement
The Decadent movement (from the French décadence, lit. 'decay') was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement, centered in Western Europe, that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality.

The Decadent movement first flourished in France and then spread throughout Europe and to the United States. The movement was characterized by a belief in the superiority of human fantasy and aesthetic hedonism over logic and the natural world.
Belfast, Maine
Belfast is a city in Waldo County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 6,938. Located at the mouth of the Passagassawakeag River estuary on Belfast Bay and Penobscot Bay. Belfast is the county seat of Waldo County. Its seaport has a wealth of historic architecture in several historic districts, and remains popular with tourists.

Searsport, Maine
Searsport is an incorporated town and deep water seaport located at the confluence of the Penobscot River estuary and the Penobscot Bay immediately northwest of Sears Island and Cape Jellison in Waldo County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,649 at the 2020 census. Searsport includes the village and North Searsport and census-designated place of Searsport. The town is known as "the home of the famous sea captains" and the "Antique Capital of Maine".
Plateaux Region, Togo
Plateaux Region (French: Région des Plateaux) is one of Togo's five regions.

Atakpamé is the regional capital. It is the largest region in terms of area and has the second largest population (after the Maritime Region). Other major cities in the Plateaux region include Kpalimé and Badou. The highest point of the country, Mount Agou, is located within this region.

Plateaux is located north of Maritime Region and south of Centrale Region. In the west, it borders the Volta Region of Ghana, and in the east it borders three departments of Benin: Collines to the northeast; Zou to the east; and Kouffo to the southeast.

Plateaux is divided into the prefectures of:

Agou Prefecture

Amou Prefecture

Danyi Prefecture

Est-Mono Prefecture

Haho Prefecture

Kloto Prefecture

Moyen-Mono Prefecture

Ogou Prefecture

Wawa Prefecture

Est-Mono Prefecture
Est-Mono is a prefecture located in the Plateaux Region of Togo. The prefecture covers 2,599 km2, with a population in 2022 of 164,460. The prefecture seat is located in Elavagnon.

Cantons of Est-Mono include Elavagnon, Nyamassila, Kamina, Morétan-Igbérioko, Kpéssi, Gbadjahè, and Badin-Copé.7°26′51″N 0°50′50″E﻿ / ﻿7.44750°N 0.84722°E﻿ / 7.44750; 0.84722
High Sheriff of Leicestershire
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Leicestershire, United Kingdom. The Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. Formerly the High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as Sheriff was retitled High Sheriff. The High Sheriff changes every March.

Forum 1158 to 1566 the Sheriffdom of Leicestershire was united with that of Warwickshire. After some years as part of Leicestershire, Rutland was split away in 1996 as a Unitary Authority with its own shrievalty. Thus there is a separate High Sheriff of Rutland (an office that existed prior to 1974 as the Sheriff of Rutland).

Bosworth Hall (Husbands Bosworth)
Bosworth Hall actually consists of two houses, the Old Hall and a newer Georgian-style hall, situated in Theddingworth Road, Husbands Bosworth, Leicestershire. The Old Hall, originally constructed in Norman times, was substantially renovated in the 16th century as a west facing country house. The new and additional Georgian hall was then built facing south west, adjoining the older house, in about 1790. In about 1870 a Victorian Gothic wing was created to link the two buildings. The whole is a Grade II* listed building.

The older Tudor house has two storeys with attics in a range of five gables. Some traces of the original Norman construction can be seen in the present building. A 19th century wing to the left added a sixth gable to the frontage. To the south the 1870 wing created the link to the three-storey, five-bay Georgian house.
Billie Burke
Mary William Ethelbert Appleton "Billie" Burke (August 7, 1884 – May 14, 1970) was an American actress, who was famous on Broadway and radio, and in silent and sound films. She is best known to modern audiences as Glinda the Good Witch of the North in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film musical The Wizard of Oz (1939).

Burke was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Emily Kilbourne in Merrily We Live (1938). She had appearances in the Topper film series.

She was married to Broadway producer and impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. from 1914 until his death in 1932.

Patricia Ziegfeld Stephenson
Patricia Burke Ziegfeld Stephenson (October 23, 1916 – April 11, 2008) was an American author. She was known for her 1963 autobiography The Ziegfelds' Girl: Confessions of an Abnormally Happy Childhood. Born in New York City, she spent her early years in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, later moving to California where she lived until her death at age 91.
El Ángel Cemetery
El Ángel Cemetery is a cemetery located on the 17th block of Jirón Áncash, in Barrios Altos, between the districts of Lima and El Agustino, in the city of Lima, Peru. It was inaugurated by President Manuel Prado Ugarteche on June 27, 1959, due to the need of the city of Lima to have a new funerary space, since the capacity of the Presbítero Matías Maestro Cemetery had reached its maximum in 1955. It is owned and managed by the Charity of Lima.

Barrios Altos
Barrios Altos is a neighbourhood which forms the eastern part of Lima District, part of the historic centre of the Peruvian city of Lima. It owes its name to the fact that, topographically, it is higher than the rest of the old part of the City, due to the elevation of the land that exists towards the Andes mountain range, which is evident in its streets to this day.

Despite its historical significance, the neighbourhood, in comparison to the Cercado de Lima, is in poor shape, as many buildings' façades are not maintained and the collapse of buildings in the area results in the terrains becoming abandoned instead of rebuilt. As a result, a project targeting the area has been announced by PROLIMA, the entity in charge of the project under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and the Municipality of Lima.
Krefftberget
Krefftberget is a mountain group at Barentsøya, Svalbard. It is named after Australian zoologist Gerard Krefft, and is situated at the southern part of the island.

The hill of Helisberg is located southeast in Krefftberget, and further south is the slope of Fuglehallet, which is a nesting site for numerous birds. East of Krefftberget is the valley of Kvistdalen and the river of Kvista, and to the northeast is the mountain of Kvistdalskuven. The coastal plain of Lucerasletta extends from Krefftberget to the spit of Barkhamodden.

Barentsøya
Barentsøya, anglicized as Barents Island, is an Arctic island in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, lying between Edgeøya and Spitsbergen. To the north, in the sound between Barentsøya and Spitsbergen, lies the island of Kükenthaløya. To the south, the sound separating Barents Island from Edgeøya is Freemansundet.

Barentsøya has no permanent human inhabitants. It is part of the Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and forms a habitat for several species, including polar bears and kittiwakes.
Public bathing
Public baths originated when most people in population centers did not have access to private bathing facilities. Though termed "public", they have often been restricted according to gender, religious affiliation, personal membership, and other criteria.

In addition to their hygienic function, public baths have also been social meeting places. They have included hot-air bathing facilities such as hammams, Victorian Turkish baths, and saunas. Some have also provided complementary services such as shampooing, massages, and other relaxation therapies, often also found in contemporary day spas.

As the percentage of dwellings containing private bathrooms has increased in some societies, the need for public baths has diminished, and they are now almost exclusively used recreationally.

Thermae
In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing. Thermae usually refers to the large imperial bath complexes, while balneae were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed in great numbers throughout Rome.

Most Roman cities had at least one – if not many – such buildings, which were centers not only for bathing, but socializing and reading as well. Bathhouses were also provided for wealthy private villas, town houses, and forts. They were supplied with water from an adjacent river or stream, or within cities by aqueduct. The water would be heated by fire then channelled into the caldarium (hot bathing room). The design of baths is discussed by Vitruvius in De architectura (V.10).
Central Piers
22°17′14″N 114°09′33″E﻿ / ﻿22.28722°N 114.15917°E﻿ / 22.28722; 114.15917

The Central Ferry Piers (Chinese: 中環碼頭) are situated on the northeast part of Central, Hong Kong Island. The ferries mostly depart to Outlying Islands in the New Territories, with the exception of Pier 1 serving as a government pier, and ferries from piers 7 and 8 going to Kowloon.

Central, Hong Kong
Central (Chinese: 中環), also known as Central District, is the central business district of Hong Kong. It is located in the northeastern corner of the Central and Western District, on the north shore of Hong Kong Island, across Victoria Harbour from Tsim Sha Tsui, the southernmost point of Kowloon Peninsula. The area was the heart of Victoria City, although that name is rarely used anymore.

As the central business district of Hong Kong, it is the area where many multinational financial services corporations have their headquarters. Consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is Government Hill, the site of the government headquarters until 2011. The area, with its proximity to Victoria Harbour, has served as the centre of trade and financial activities from the earliest days of the British colonial era in 1841, and continues to flourish and serve as the place of administration since the handover to China in 1997.
Marne's 2nd constituency
The 2nd constituency of Marne (French: Deuxième circonscription de la Marne) is one of five electoral districts in the department of the same name, each of which returns one deputy to the French National Assembly in elections using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.

Aina Kuric
Aina Kuric (born 15 May 1987 in Creil) is a French politician who served as a member of the French National Assembly from 2017 to 2022, representing the department of Marne,

From 2016 until 2017, Kuric was a member of La République En Marche! (LREM). She quit her party on 6 June 2019, having been a prominent critic of the asylum-immigration bill proposed by the government in July 2018. She remained, however, a member of LREM's parliamentary group.
Serbian eagle
The Serbian eagle (Serbian: Српски орао, romanized: Srpski orao) is a double-headed heraldic eagle, also known as the White eagle (Serbian: Бели орао, romanized: Beli orao), a common symbol in the history of Serbian heraldry and vexillology. The double-headed eagle and the Serbian cross are the main heraldic symbols which represent the national identity of the Serbian people across the centuries, originating from the medieval Nemanjić dynasty. The eagle, defaced with the cross, has been used in the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1882 to 1918 and in contemporary coat of arms of the Republic of Serbia since 2004.

Serbian heraldry
Serbian heraldry involves the study and use of coats of arms and other heraldic insignia in the country of Serbia or by Serbs. The Serbian government is the armiger in Serbia, exercising that right under the advice of the Serbian Heraldry Society (Serbian: Српско хералдичко друштво, romanized: Srpsko heraldičko društvo), a learned society devoted to the study and creation of heraldry, specifically Serbian heraldry.

Serbian heraldry in large part belongs to the Byzantine tradition. Serbian nobility in the Habsburg monarchy, upon receiving noble status, adopted coat of arms often influenced by the Illyrian Armorials.
Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company
The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Limited, was a Scottish shipbuilding company in the Govan area on the Clyde in Glasgow. Fairfields, as it is often known, was a major warship builder, turning out many vessels for the Royal Navy and other navies through the First World War and the Second World War. It also built many transatlantic liners, including record-breaking ships for the Cunard Line and Canadian Pacific, such as the Blue Riband-winning sisters RMS Campania and RMS Lucania. At the other end of the scale, Fairfields built fast cross-channel mail steamers and ferries for locations around the world. These included ships for the Bosporus crossing in Istanbul and some of the early ships used by Thomas Cook for developing tourism on the River Nile.

RMS Empress of Britain (1905)
RMS Empress of Britain was a transatlantic ocean liner built by the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Govan on the Clyde in Scotland in 1905–1906 for Canadian Pacific Steamship (CP). This ship – the first of three CP ships to be named Empress of Britain – regularly traversed the transatlantic crossing between Canada and Europe until 1923, with the exception of the war years. Empress of Britain was the sister ship of RMS Empress of Ireland, which was lost in 1914.
Washington Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Washington Township is a township in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 3,899 at the 2020 census, down from 3,902 at the 2010 census.

Arnold City, Fairhope, Lynnwood, Gillespie, Naomi and Brownstown are communities in the township.

Lynnwood-Pricedale, Pennsylvania
Lynnwood-Pricedale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fayette and Westmoreland counties in the Pennsylvania. The population was 2,031 at the 2010 census, down from 2,168 at the 2000 census. The community of Lynwood is located in Fayette County's Washington Township, while Pricedale is part of Westmoreland County's Rostraver Township.
Bettendorf, Iowa
Bettendorf is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Bettendorf is one of the five cities that comprise the Quad Cities region along the Mississippi River. It is located adjacent to Davenport, Iowa, and across the river from Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island in Illinois. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 as of the 2020 census.

Scott County, Iowa
Scott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 174,669, and was estimated to be 175,601 in 2024, making it the third-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat the largest city is Davenport.

Scott County is included in the Davenport–Moline-Rock Island, IA–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Pentacentrus
Pentacentrus is an Asian genus of crickets, typical of the tribe Pentacentrini and subfamily Pentacentrinae; these names are based on "Pentacentrites" coined by Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure in 1878.  Species in this genus have been recorded from: China, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Malesia and northern Australia (distribution is probably incomplete).

Pentacentrinae
Pentacentrinae is a subfamily of crickets in the family Gryllidae.  Sometimes known as 'Silent Litter Crickets', they occur in tropical Asia, Africa and the Americas. The tribe Lissotrachelini Hubbell, 1938 has been moved to the Nemobiinae.
Tango Kokubun-ji
Tango Kokubun-ji (丹後国分寺) is a Kōyasan Shingon-shū sect Buddhist temple in the Kokubu neighborhood of the city of Miyazu, Kyoto, Japan. It is one of the few surviving provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710–794). Due to this connection, the foundation stones now located to the south of the present day complex were designated as a National Historic Site in 1930. The Tango Kokubunji Temple Reconstruction Engi was designated a National Important Cultural Property in 1992

Miyazu, Kyoto
Miyazu (宮津市, Miyazu-shi) is a city located in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  As of 28 February 2022, the city had an estimated population of 16,988 in 8348 households and a population density of 98 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 172.74 square kilometres (66.70 sq mi).
Felbabkacystis
Felbabkacystis is an extinct eocrinoid that is known only from the Drumian Jince Formation of the Czech Republic.. It is significant as a transitional form from the basal lepidocystids to the order Gogiida.

Lepidocystidae
The Lepidocystidae (sometimes misspelled Lepidocystoidae, not to be confused with the class Lepidocystoidea that was proposed at the same time but later abandoned) are an extinct family that constitue the most basal known group within the paraphyletic class "Eocrinoidea", and therefore within the subphylum Blastozoa as a whole.  Its members, along with the transitional Felbabkacystidae, are also known as "imbricates" or "imbricate Eocrinoids" after the likewise paraphyletic order Imbricata.

Lepidocystids demonstrate that echinoderms had already developed five equally well-developed ambulacra in five-sided radial symmetry.  However, this group had not yet developed pentameral symmetry in its plate arrangements.