hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Turtling (sailing)
A boat is said to be turtling or to turn turtle when it is fully inverted. The name stems from the appearance of the upside-down boat, similar to the carapace (top shell) of a sea turtle. The term can be applied to any vessel; turning turtle is less frequent but more dangerous on ships than on smaller boats. It is rarer but more hazardous for multihulls than for monohulls, because multihulls are harder to flip in both directions. Measures can be taken to prevent a capsize (where the boat is knocked over on its beam-ends but not yet inverted) from becoming a turtle (with bottom up).

Limit of positive stability
In sailing, the limit of positive stability (LPS) or angle of vanishing stability (AVS) is the angle from the vertical at which a boat will no longer stay upright but will capsize, becoming inverted, or turtled.

For example, if a boat with an LPS of 120 degrees rolls past this point, i.e. its mast is already at an angle of 30 degrees below the water, it will continue to roll and be completely upside down in the water.  Except for dinghy sailboats and multihulls, most larger  sailboats (monohull keelboats) have  lead or other heavy materials in their keel at the bottom of their hulls to keep them from capsizing or turtling.

The LPS was a part of the Offshore Racing Rules and is used to measure how stable or seaworthy a sailboat is.  The modern offshore racing rules published by the International Sailing Federation may also use the measurement.
Bloomer Shippers Connecting Railroad
The Bloomer Shippers Connecting Railroad (or Bloomer Line) (reporting mark BLOL), headquartered in Gibson City, Illinois, is a Class III railroad serving the agricultural communities of Ford, Mclean and Livingston counties in east-central Illinois. Its primary traffic is from servicing grain elevators owned by the Alliance Grain Company, with loads such as corn, soybeans and wheat, but also potash, DAP and raw plastic to Gibson City, where they are interchanged with the Norfolk Southern, Canadian National and at Chatsworth with the Toledo, Peoria and Western short line. It is composed of 2 connected lines, one from Colfax to Kempton and another from Gibson City, to Strawn, where the lines meet.

Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway
The Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway (reporting mark TPW), formerly nicknamed the "Tip-Up", is a shortline railroad that operates 247 miles (398 km) of trackage between Mapleton and Peoria in Illinois, and Logansport, Indiana. TP&W also interchanges with multiple surrounding railroads, and they have trackage rights over other railroads between Peoria and Galesburg, between Logansport and Kokomo, and between Reynolds and Lafayette. As of 2026, the railroad is owned by Genesee & Wyoming Inc.
Gladiador romano
Gladiador romano (English: Roman Gladiator) is a sculpture by José María Labastida. The Museo Nacional de Arte in Mexico City has a marble version, and a bronze copy is installed in Alameda Central.

Original, Museo Nacional de Arte

Alameda Central
Alameda Central is a public urban park in downtown Mexico City. Established in 1592,  Alameda Central is the oldest public park in the Americas. Located in Cuauhtémoc borough between Juárez Avenue and Hidalgo Avenue, the park is adjacent to the Palacio de Bellas Artes  and can be accessed by Metro Bellas Artes.
St. Andrew's Episcopal Church (Washington, Connecticut)
St. Andrew's is a historic Episcopal church at 247 New Milford Turnpike (United States Route 202), in the Marbledale village of Washington, Litchfield County, Connecticut.  Built in 1822, it is believed to be  one of the first Gothic Revival style churches to be built in rural Connecticut.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

Marbledale, Connecticut
41°39′47″N 73°22′08″W﻿ / ﻿41.663°N 73.369°W﻿ / 41.663; -73.369

Marbledale or Marble Dale is a village in the town of Washington in Litchfield County, Connecticut.  For U.S. Census purposes, it is included in the census-designated place of New Preston. Marbledale is part of the postal ZIP code 06777, officially known as New Preston Marble Dale.

During the 19th century, Marbledale was the site of a prosperous cooper's shop. The village is the location of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, a Gothic Revival style church from 1822 that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.: 7

Marbledale is one of five villages in the rural town of Washington. A Marbledale Village Business District and a Marbledale Gateway District were proposed in 2003 planning documents of the Town of Washington.  Both run along New Milford Turnpike (U.S. Route 202), with the village area running southwest to the town line of New Milford, Connecticut, and the gateway district running northeast.
E. V. Timms
Edward Vivian Timms (1895–1960), better known as E. V. Timms, was an Australian novelist and screenwriter. He was injured serving in the Gallipoli Campaign during World War I and was an unsuccessful soldier settler before turning to writing. He became a popular novelist, and also wrote scripts for films and radio. He served as an officer during World War II and was on duty the night of the Cowra breakout. He has been called "Australia's greatest historical novelist."

Maelstrom (Timms novel)
Maelstrom is a novel by Australian writer E. V. Timms. It is set in 17th century France in the period following the death of Cardinal Richelieu.

The novel was revised and republished in 1955 as Ten Wicked Men.
Doug Cranmer
Doug Cranmer (1927–2006), also known as  Pal'nakwala Wakas and Kesu', was a Kwakwaka'wakw carver and artist as well as a 'Namgis chief. Cranmer was a significant figure in the Northwest Coast art movement, both in its traditional form and in a modern contemporary form that he created and developed.

Northwest Coast art
Northwest Coast art is the term commonly applied to a style of art created primarily by artists from Tlingit, Haida, Heiltsuk, Nuxalk, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth and other First Nations and Native American tribes of the Northwest Coast of North America, from pre-European-contact times up to the present.
Ceratophysa ceratopyga
Ceratophysa ceratopyga is a species of sea urchins of the family Pourtalesiidae. Their armour is covered with spines. Ceratophysa ceratopyga was first scientifically described in 1879 by Alexander Emanuel Agassiz.

Pourtalesiidae
The pourtalesiids (Pourtalesiidae) are a family of irregular sea urchins that live in the deep sea. They are secondarily bilateral-symmetrical and like other representatives of the taxon Holasteroida they lack the lantern of Aristotle, which is typical for many other sea urchins. The genus Pourtalesia was named after Louis-François de Pourtalès who first collected these animals while dredging at a depth of 600 m. The family is known already from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and is distributed worldwide.
Palacio de Gobierno (Nuevo León)
The Palacio de Gobierno, or the Government Palace of Nuevo León, is a state government building in Monterrey, the capital city of Nuevo León state, in northern Mexico.

The Neoclassical style building is located in the northernmost section of the Macroplaza in the city.

The Palacio de Gobierno is the location of the office of the Governor of Nuevo León.

Macroplaza
The Macroplaza or La Gran Plaza is a town square or plaza located in the heart of the city of Monterrey, Mexico.
The Macroplaza is the largest Plaza in Mexico and the fifth-largest plaza in the world. It has an extension of 400,000 square metres consisting of various monuments, smaller plazas and gardens.

The Macroplaza was built in the early 1980s during the governorship of Alfonso Martínez Domínguez. The construction of the Macroplaza required the demolition of several old buildings and houses including a famous movie theater.

One of the most iconic monuments of the city is the Faro del Comercio (Lighthouse of Commerce), a 70-meter-tall modern lighthouse located in the same plaza, equipped with a green laser, that shot its light around the city at nights.
BAE Systems Hawk
The BAE Systems Hawk is a British single-engine, subsonic, jet-powered advanced trainer aircraft. Its aluminium alloy fuselage is of conventional string-frame construction. It was first known as the Hawker Siddeley Hawk, and subsequently produced by its successor companies, British Aerospace and BAE Systems. It has been used in a training capacity and as a low-cost combat aircraft.

Operators of the Hawk include the Royal Air Force (notably the Red Arrows display team) and several foreign military operators. The Hawk was produced at BAE Brough until 2020 in the UK, and continues to be produced under licence in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), with over 1000 Hawks sold to 18 operators around the world.

ADEN cannon
The Royal Small Arms Factory ADEN cannon (ADEN being an acronym for "Armament Development, Enfield") is a 30 mm revolver cannon used on many military aircraft, particularly those of the British Royal Air Force and Fleet Air Arm. Developed post-World War II primarily to meet British Air Ministry's requirement for increased lethality in aircraft armament, the cannon is fired electrically, and is fully automatic once  loaded.
Research Councils UK
Research Councils UK, sometimes known as RCUK, was a non-departmental public body that coordinated science policy in the United Kingdom from 2002 to 2018. It was an umbrella organisation that coordinated the seven separate research councils that were responsible for funding and coordinating academic research for the arts, humanities, science and engineering. In 2018 Research Councils transitioned into UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), is a council of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It is the largest UK public funder of non-medical bioscience. It predominantly funds scientific research institutes and university research departments in the UK.
Istanbul Modern
Istanbul Museum of Modern Art, colloquially referred to as Istanbul Modern (Turkish: İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi), is a contemporary art gallery located inside the Galataport complex in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. Inaugurated on December 11, 2004, Istanbul Modern was Turkey's first modern and contemporary art gallery and focuses on Turkish as well as international artists. It is a private venture under the umbrella of the nonprofit Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts.

As of 2004, Oya Eczacıbaşı serves as chair of the board of directors.

Tophane
Tophane (Turkish pronunciation: [topˈhane]) (lit. "Armoury") is a quarter in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey, running downhill from Galata to the shore of the Bosphorus where it joins up with Karaköy to the southwest and Fındıklı to the northeast.

In the Ottoman era, it was the city's first industrial zone.

Despite rapid gentrification, parts of Tophane remain conservative and there have been clashes over some developments in the area.  In 2021 the large new Galataport cruise terminal opened at the point where Tophane reaches the shore, bringing the likelihood of even faster change to the area.
Tilt tray sorter
A tilt-tray sorter is a mechanical assembly similar to a conveyor belt but instead of a continuous belt, it consists of individual trays traveling in the same direction.

A tilt-tray sorter can be configured in an inline (AKA over/under) formation, or in a continuous-loop.

Items are loaded onto the passing trays at the front end of the sorter and travel towards a series of destinations on either side of the sorter. Items are loaded on to trays individually and their sort destination is determined in advance.

As the tray with an item approaches its destination the tray is tilted to slide the object into the chute. The empty tray will then return to the load section before it is loaded again with a new item.

A tilt-tray sorter is a continuous-loop sortation conveyor that uses a technique of tilting a tray at a chute to slide the object into the chute.

Sorter (logistics)
In logistics, a sorter  is a system which performs sortation of products (goods, luggage, mail, etc.) according to their destinations.

A common type of sorter is a conveyor-based system. While they may be based on other conveyor systems, usually sorters are unique types of conveyors.

Sortation is the process of identifying items on a conveyor system, and diverting them to specific destinations. Sorters are applied to different applications depending upon the product and the requested rate.
Shiseibyō
The Shiseibyō (至聖廟) is a Confucian temple in the Wakasa district of Naha, Okinawa. It served for centuries as a major center of Chinese learning for the Ryūkyū Kingdom, and contains within its precincts the Meirindō, first public school in Okinawa.

Naha
Naha (Japanese: 那覇市, Hepburn: Naha-shi; Japanese: [naꜜ.ha, na.haꜜ.ɕi]; Okinawan: Naafa or Nafa) is the capital city of Okinawa Prefecture, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 317,405 and a population density of 7,939 people per km2 (20,562 persons per sq. mi.). The total area is 39.98 km2 (15.44 sq mi).

Naha is located on the East China Sea coast of the southern part of Okinawa Island, the largest of Okinawa Prefecture. The modern city was officially founded on May 20, 1921. Before that, Naha had been for centuries one of the most important and populous sites in Okinawa.

Naha is the political, economic and educational center of Okinawa Prefecture. In the medieval and early modern periods, it was the commercial center of the Ryukyu Kingdom.
Lieke van Lexmond
Lieke van Lexmond (born 6 February 1982) is a Dutch actress and television presenter. She is known for playing the roles of Eva Prins in the television series Goudkust and the role of Charlie Fischer in the soap opera Goede tijden, slechte tijden.

Dennis Weening
Dennis Weening (born 21 February 1977) is a Dutch television presenter. He is known for presenting the show Expeditie Robinson. He is also known as co-presenter of So You Think You Can Dance and for appearing in the reality television series Wie is de Mol?.
1908 Republican National Convention
The 1908 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois on June 16 to June 19, 1908. It convened to nominate successors to President Theodore Roosevelt and Vice President Charles W. Fairbanks.

U.S. Secretary of War William Howard Taft of Ohio won Roosevelt's endorsement and received the presidential nomination. The convention nominated New York Representative James S. Sherman to be his vice presidential running mate.

Albert J. Beveridge
Albert Jeremiah Beveridge (October 6, 1862 – April 27, 1927) was an American historian and United States senator from Indiana. He was an intellectual leader of the Progressive Era and a biographer of Chief Justice John Marshall and President Abraham Lincoln.
Dick Shurman
Richard L. Shurman (born May 23, 1950) is an American record producer, sound engineer, music journalist, music historian, and  backing vocalist.

He has produced numerous recordings by notable musicians including Johnny Winter, Lurrie Bell, Eddie C. Campbell, Albert Collins, Little Smokey Smothers, Jody Williams, Roy Buchanan, Big Bill Morganfield, Larry Garner, Robert Cray, Hip Linkchain, Magic Slim, Charlie Musselwhite, Otis Rush, Johnny Heartsman, and Fenton Robinson. Shurman has also written many liner notes, and is the publisher of Chicago Blues News. In 2005, he was the recipient of the Blues Foundation's "Keeping the Blues Alive" award.  He co-produced Showdown!, an album which won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album in 1987.

Shurman was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2014 for his multitudinous contributions as a 'non-performer'.

Johnny Heartsman
John Leroy "Johnny" Heartsman (February 9, 1936 – December 27, 1996) was an American electric blues and soul blues musician and songwriter. He showed musical diversity, playing a number of musical instruments, including the electronic organ and flute. He contributed his distinctive guitar playing to a number of recordings made in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1950s and 1960s. He continued playing until his death.

His best-known recording, "Johnny's House Party", was an R&B hit in 1957. Other notable tracks recorded by Heartsman are "Paint My Mailbox Blue" and "Heartburn". He variously worked with Jimmy McCracklin, Sugar Pie DeSanto, Big Mama Thornton, Ray Agee, Jimmy Wilson, Johnny Fuller, Al King, Tiny Powell and Joe Simon.
South Coast Track
The South Coast Track is a bushwalking track located in the South Coast region of Tasmania, Australia. The 85-kilometre (53 mi) track traverses remote wilderness within the Southwest National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site, and is managed as a wilderness walk. The Tasmanian Parks & Wildlife Service recommend that experienced bushwalkers can take six-to-eight days to cover the track in one direction.

The track follows the wild southern coastline of Tasmania. It crosses two mountain ranges to avoid sections of impassable coastline and also crosses long sections of open plains behind the coastline. It only follows the coast itself where there are beaches. The track may be combined with the Port Davey Track as a long continuous trek requiring around eight to fourteen days.

South Coast Tasmania
South Coast Tasmania runs from the South East Cape to the South West Cape of Tasmania. South Coast Tasmania is sometimes conflated with the South West Tasmania wilderness region.

The significant features between South West Cape and South East Cape include:-

Cox Bight

Louisa Bay

New River Lagoon

South Cape
International Rice Research Institute
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Philippines, and offices in seventeen countries. IRRI is known for its work in developing rice varieties that contributed to the Green Revolution in the 1960s which preempted the famine in Asia.

The institute, established in 1960 aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, and ensure environmental sustainability of rice farming. It advances its mission through collaborative research, partnerships, and the strengthening of the national agricultural research and extension systems of the countries IRRI works in.

IRRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers in the world that form the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, a global partnership of organizations engaged in research on food security. It is also the largest non-profit agricultural research center in Asia.

Los Baños, Laguna
Los Baños (IPA: [lɔs bɐˈɲɔs]), officially the Municipality of Los Baños (Tagalog: Bayan ng Los Baños), colloquially 'Elbi' or simply LB, is a municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 117,030 people.

It was declared as the Special Science and Nature City of the Philippines through Presidential Proclamation No. 349. The proclamation, however, does not convert the municipality to a city or give it corporate powers that are accorded to other cities.
Xibelani dance
The xibelani dance (Shibelani, Shibelana, Shibelane) is an indigenous dance of the Tsonga women from Mpumalanga and Limpopo located in South Africa. The name of the dance comes from the native Xitsonga language and it can translate to "hitting to the rhythm", for example, the concept "xi Bela ni vunanga". The name "xibelani" typically refers to the dance style while the skirt itself is referred to as "tinguvu", however, the term "xibelani" is sometimes used to refer to both the dance and the skirt.

Tsonga people
The Tsonga people (Tsonga: Vatsonga) are a Bantu ethnic group primarily native to Southern Mozambique and South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga). They speak Xitsonga, a Southern Bantu language.
A very small number of Tsonga people are also found in Zimbabwe and Northern Eswatini. The Tsonga people of South Africa share some history with the Tsonga people of Southern Mozambique, and have similar cultural practices, but differ in the dialects spoken.
MERLOT
MERLOT (Multimedia Education Resource for Learning and Online Teaching) is an online repository and international consortium of institutions (and systems) of higher education, industry partners, professional organizations, and individuals. MERLOT partners and members are devoted to identifying, peer reviewing, organizing, and making available existing online learning resources in a range of academic disciplines for use by higher education faculty and students.

MERLOT consists of a community of staff (at The California State University, Office of the Chancellor), volunteers, and members who work together in various ways to provide users of OER (Open Educational Resources) teaching and learning materials with a wealth of services and functions that can enhance their instructional experience.

Open educational resources
Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials that are intentionally created and licensed to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify. The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses. These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.

The development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternative or enhanced educational paradigm.
Pulmonary valve
The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is a valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and has three cusps. It is one of the four valves of the heart and one of the two semilunar valves, the other being the aortic valve. Similar to the aortic valve, the pulmonary valve opens in ventricular systole when the pressure in the right ventricle rises above the pressure in the pulmonary artery.  At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery closes the pulmonary valve.

The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes to the P2 component of the second heart sound (S2).

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Cordillera Central (Colombia)
The Cordillera Central (English: Central Ranges) is the highest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes. The range extends from south to north dividing from the Colombian Massif in Cauca Department to the Serranía de San Lucas in Bolívar Departments. The highest peak is Nevado del Huila at 5,364 m (17,598 ft).

Significant graphite resources exist in Cordillera Central in the form of graphite-bearing schists.

Colombian Massif
The Colombian Massif (from the Spanish Macizo Colombiano), also known colloquially as Nudo de Almaguer, refers to a group of mountains within the Andes of south central Colombia.  The massif is mainly within the area of the Cauca, Huila, and Nariño Departments.  To the south is the Pasto Massif and to the north begins the Central and Eastern Andes.