hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ikom monoliths
The Ikom monoliths are a series of volcanic-stone monoliths from the area of Ikom, Cross River State, Nigeria. The Ejagham may have engraved the monoliths around 200 CE. The monoliths are also called Akwasnshi or Atal among the Ejagham people.

Ekoi people
Ekoi people, also known as Ejagham, are an ethnic group in south east Nigeria and extending eastward into the southwest region of Cameroon. They speak the Ejagham language. Other Ekoi languages are spoken by related groups, including the Etung, some groups in Ikom (such as Ofutop, Akparabong and Nde), some groups in Ogoja (Ishibori and Bansarra), Ufia, and Yakö. The Ekoi have lived closely with the nearby Biase, Efik, Annang, and Ibibio people of south south Nigeria. The Ekoi are best known for their Ekpe headdresses and the Nsibidi script.
The Ejagham likely are the creators of the Nsibidi ideograms and still use them as a part of tradition.
Hiranya Peiris
Hiranya Vajramani Peiris is a British astrophysicist at the University of Cambridge, where she holds the Professorship of Astrophysics (1909). She is best known for her work on the cosmic microwave background radiation, and interdisciplinary links between cosmology and high-energy physics. She was one of 27 scientists who received the Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2018 for their "detailed maps of the early universe".

Fred Hoyle Medal and Prize
The Fred Hoyle Medal and Prize was established in 2008 by the Institute of Physics of London for distinguished contributions to astrophysics, gravitational physics or cosmology. The medal is named after astronomer Fred Hoyle who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. The medal is made of silver and accompanied by a prize and a certificate. The medal was awarded biennially from 2008 to 2016. It has been awarded annually since 2017.
Billy Eckstine
William Clarence Eckstine (July 8, 1914 – March 8, 1993) was an American jazz and pop singer and a bandleader during the swing and bebop eras. He was noted for his rich, almost operatic bass-baritone voice. In 2019, Eckstine was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award "for performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording". His recording of "I Apologize" (MGM, 1951) was given the Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1999. The New York Times described him as an "influential band leader" whose "suave bass-baritone" and "full-throated, sugary approach to popular songs inspired singers such as Earl Coleman, Johnny Hartman, Joe Williams, Arthur Prysock, and Lou Rawls."

Earl Coleman (singer)
Earl Coleman (August 12, 1925 – July 12, 1995) was an American jazz singer.

Coleman was born in Port Huron, Michigan, United States. As a child, he lived with his mother, grandmother, aunt, and step-grandfather.

After moving to Indianapolis in 1939, he sang with Ernie Fields and Bardu Ali. Coleman joined the Jay McShann band in 1943 and later sang with Earl Hines, the Billy Eckstine Orchestra, and King Kolax. Coleman then went with McShann to California and recorded with Charlie Parker, Fats Navarro, and Max Roach in 1948. In 1954, Coleman worked with Gene Ammons and recorded with Art Farmer and Gigi Gryce. In 1956, Coleman was with Sonny Rollins.

By 1960, Coleman was recording as a leader and performed with Gerald Wilson. In 1962, Coleman was with Don Byas in Paris, France, and in the mid-'60s with Billy Taylor and Frank Foster. By 1980–86, Coleman was recording with organist Shirley Scott.

Coleman died of cardiac arrest in New York City, on July 12, 1995, aged 69.
Yunoyama Onsen
Yunoyama Onsen (湯の山温泉), or Yunoyama Hot Springs, is a hot springs resort located near Mount Gozaisho in the town of Komono (Mie District), Mie Prefecture, Japan. The area is within the borders of the Suzuka Quasi-National Park.

Yunoyama Onsen has been a tourist destination since the Nara period, and remains popular to travellers especially from Nagoya, Osaka and Kyoto due to its ease of access via the Kintetsu Yunoyama Line.

Komono
Komono (菰野町, Komono-chō) is a town located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 September 2021, the town had an estimated population of 41,542 in 16883 households and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 106.89 square kilometres (41.27 sq mi).
Mark Naimark
Mark Aronovich Naimark (Russian: Марк Ароно́вич Наймарк; 5 December 1909 – 30 December 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who made important contributions to functional analysis and mathematical physics.

Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction
In functional analysis, a discipline within mathematics, given a -algebra ,  the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction establishes a correspondence between cyclic -representations of  and certain linear functionals on  (called states).  The correspondence is shown by an explicit construction of the -representation from the state. It is named for Israel Gelfand, Mark Naimark, and Irving Segal.
D410 road
D410 branches off to the southwest from D8 in Split towards the Port of Split - ferry access to Supetar (D113), Bol and Milna on Brač Island, Stari Grad (D116) and Jelsa on Hvar Island, Vela Luka on Korčula Island (D118), Rogač on Šolta Island (D112), as well as to Vis (D117), Lastovo (D119), Drvenik Veli and Drvenik Mali islands. There is also an international ferry services to Ancona, Italy. The road is 4.0 km long.

As with all state roads in Croatia, the D410 is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, state owned company.

D118 road
D118 is the main state road on island of Korčula in Croatia connecting towns of Vela Luka and Korčula and ferry ports in those two towns, from where Jadrolinija ferries fly to the mainland, docking in Split and the D410 state road (from Vela Luka) and Orebić and the D414 state road (from Korčula). The road is 43.5 km (27.0 mi) long.

The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company.
Vrbas Banovina
The Vrbas Banovina or Vrbas Banate (Serbo-Croatian: Vrbaska banovina / Врбаска бановина), was a province (banovina) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. It was named after the Vrbas River and consisted mostly of territory in western Bosnia (part of historical and present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) with its capital at Banja Luka. Dvor district of present-day Croatia was also part of the Vrbas Banovina.

Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (initially known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes) existed successively in three different forms.  From 1918 to 1922, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia maintained the pre-World War I subdivisions of Yugoslavia's predecessor states.  In 1922, the state was divided into 33 oblasts or provinces and, in 1929, a new system of nine banates (in Serbo-Croatian, the word for "banate" is banovina) was implemented.
Dodge County, Wisconsin
Dodge County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 89,396. Its county seat is Juneau. The county was created from the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and organized in 1844.

Dodge County comprises the Beaver Dam, WI Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI Combined Statistical Area.

Herman, Dodge County, Wisconsin
Herman is a town in Dodge County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,207 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Herman Center and Huilsburg are located in the town. The unincorporated communities of Hochheim and Woodland are also located partially in the town.
Marshall, Dane County, Wisconsin
Marshall is a village in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States, along the Maunesha River. The population was 3,787 at the 2020 United States Census. It is part of the Madison, Wisconsin metropolitan area.

Madison metropolitan area
The Madison metropolitan area, also known as Greater Madison, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Madison, Wisconsin. The Madison, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, consists of Columbia, Dane, Green, and Iowa counties in south-central Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 680,796, making it the 84th-largest in the United States.

The Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI Combined Statistical Area (CSA) consists of the four counties in the Madison MSA as well as Rock County (Janesville–Beloit metropolitan area) and Sauk County (Baraboo micropolitan area). The CSA population as of the 2020 census was 910,246, making it the 64th-largest in the United States.
The Borrowers Afield
The Borrowers Afield is a children's  fantasy novel by Mary Norton, published in 1955 by Dent in the UK and Harcourt in the US. It was the second of five books in a series that is usually called The Borrowers, inaugurated by The Borrowers in 1952.

Mary Norton (writer)
Kathleen Mary Norton (née Pearson; 10 December 1903 – 29 August 1992), known professionally as Mary Norton, was an English writer of children's books. She is best known for The Borrowers series of low fantasy novels (1952 to 1982), which is named after its first book and, in turn, the tiny people who live secretly in the midst of contemporary human civilisation.

Norton won the 1952 Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising The Borrowers as the year's outstanding children's book by a British author. For the 70th anniversary of the Medal in 2007 it was named one of the top 10 winning works, selected by a panel to compose the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite. Norton's novels The Magic Bed Knob; or, How to Become a Witch in Ten Easy Lessons and Bonfires and Broomsticks were adapted into the 1971 Disney film Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
Monkey meat
Monkey meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from monkeys, a kind of bushmeat. Human consumption of monkey meat has been historically recorded in numerous parts of the world, including multiple Asian and African nations. Monkey meat consumption has been reported in parts of Europe and the Americas as well.

Monkey brains
Monkey brains is a supposed dish consisting of, at least, partially, the brain of some species of monkey or ape.

While animal brains have been consumed in various cuisines (e.g. eggs and brains or fried brain sandwiches), there is debate about whether monkey brains have actually been consumed. In Western popular culture its consumption is repeatedly portrayed and debated, often in the context of portraying exotic cultures as exceptionally cruel, callous, or strange.
Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.

Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger class of enzymes known as protein kinases which also attach phosphates to other amino acids such as serine and threonine. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism for communicating signals within a cell (signal transduction) and regulating cellular activity, such as cell division.

Protein kinases can become mutated, stuck in the "on" position, and cause unregulated growth of the cell, which is a necessary step for the development of cancer. Therefore, kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib and osimertinib, are often effective cancer treatments.

Most tyrosine kinases have an associated protein tyrosine phosphatase, which removes the phosphate group.

Tyrosine kinase 2
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene.

TYK2 was the first member of the JAK family that was described (the other members are JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3).  It has been implicated in IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 signaling.
Am5x86
The Am5x86 processor is an x86-compatible CPU announced in November 1995 by AMD for use in 486-class computer systems. It began shipping in December 1995, with a base price of $93 per unit in bulk quantities. Before being released, it was in development under the codename "X5". Despite the 5x86 name, it is a 486 CPU, and does not implement 586 or Pentium instructions such as cmpxchg8b. It competed primarily with the Pentium OverDrive, which is a true 586 CPU with all 586 instructions.

AMD Élan
AMD Élan is a family of 32-bit embedded SoCs marketed by AMD based on x86 microprocessors. All of these products were backed with a long-term supply guarantee to meet the needs of embedded processors. However, when AMD acquired the Geode division from National Semiconductor in August 2003, the product was suddenly discontinued. The Élan processors saw a reasonable amount of use in the embedded world.

In October 1993, AMD introduced the Am386SC processor, which integrated an Am386SXLV CPU core with a collection of PC/AT-compatible peripherals. This processor, marketed as Élan SC300 and Élan SC310, was the first in AMD's Élan series of SoCs.
Ethalfluralin
Ethalfluralin is a herbicide. It is a preëmergent dinitroaniline developed from trifluralin, used to control  annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds. It was synthesised in 1971, first sold in Turkey in 1975, the United States in 1983. It is used on soybeans, peanuts, potatoes, and as of 2023, is the first conventional herbicide the EPA permits on hemp, as ethalfluralin leaves no residue in the plant. Ethalfluralin is not approved for household use in the US.

In 2024, ethalfluralin was registered in India.

Dinitroaniline
Dinitroanilines are a class of organic compounds based on dinitroaniline, with the chemical formula C6H3(NO2)2NH2.  Six isomers exist depending on the relative positions of the amino (NH2) and nitro (NO2) groups: 2,3-dinitroaniline, 2,4-dinitroaniline, 2,5-dinitroaniline, 2,6-dinitroaniline, 3,4-dinitroaniline, and 3,5-dinitroaniline. An organic compound with a dinitroaniline group is also said to be a dinitroaniline.
A. James Rudin
A. James Rudin (born c. 1934) is an American rabbi noted for his work in inter-religious affairs.

He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is a 1955 graduate of George Washington university Rudin was ordained by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in 1960.

He joined the staff of the American Jewish Committee in 1968 and served for many years as its National Inter-religious Affairs Director. In that time, he met Pope John Paul II twelve times. He retired from the AJC in 2000.

In January 1987, Rudin was one of several civil rights activists who participated in a large march through Forsyth County, Georgia, as part of civil rights protests in the area.

He was appointed distinguished visiting professor of religion and Judaica at Saint Leo University in 2002.

American Jewish Committee
American Jewish Committee (AJC) is a civil rights group and Jewish advocacy group established on November 11, 1906. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations and, according to The New York Times, is "widely regarded as the dean of American Jewish organizations".

Besides working in favor of civil liberties for Jews, the organization has a history of fighting against forms of discrimination in the United States and working on behalf of social equality, such as filing an amicus brief in the May 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education and participating in other events in the civil rights movement. It is also known for its pro-Israel lobbying.
Communist Party Opposition (Switzerland)
Communist Party Opposition was a Swiss communist party 1930–1935, connected to the German Communist Party Opposition. It was the Swiss affiliate to the International Communist Opposition. In 1921, most radical of the left wing left the Communist International and formed the Communist Party of Switzerland.

Right Opposition
The Right Opposition (Russian: Правая оппозиция, romanized: Pravaya oppozitsiya) or Right Tendency (Правый уклон, Praviy uklon) in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was a label formulated by Joseph Stalin in Autumn of 1928 for the opposition against certain measures included within the first five-year plan, an opposition which was led by Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Mikhail Tomsky, and their supporters within the Soviet Union that did not follow the so-called "general line of the party". It is also the name given to "right-wing" critics within the Communist movement internationally, particularly those who coalesced in the International Communist Opposition, regardless of whether they identified with Bukharin and Rykov.
Edgar Peña Parra
Edgar Robinson Peña Parra (born 6 March 1960) is a Venezuelan Catholic prelate who has served as Substitute for the Secretariat of State for the Holy See since 2018. He joined the diplomatic corps of the Holy See in 1993, serving as Apostolic Nuncio to Pakistan from 2011 to 2015 and to Mozambique from 2015 to 2018. He is the first Venezuelan to serve as an apostolic nuncio.

Apostolic Nunciature to Mozambique
The Apostolic Nunciature to Mozambique is the diplomatic mission of the Holy See to Mozambique. The Apostolic Nuncio to Mozambique is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Mozambique, with the rank of an ambassador. The nuncio serves both as the ambassador of the Holy See to the Republic of Mozambique and as the point-of-contact between the Catholic hierarchy in Mozambique and the pope.
Tamale Metropolitan District
Tamale Metropolitan District is one of the sixteen districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. It was originally established in 1988 as Tamale Municipal District, a municipal district assembly that was created from the former West Dagomba District Council. In August 2004, it was elevated to metropolitan district assembly status. Later, on 24 June 2012, a small northern part of the district was split off to create Sagnarigu District (which was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 15 March 2018 and became Sagnarigu Municipal District); the remaining part has been retained as Tamale Metropolitan District. The district is located in the northwest part of Northern Region and has Tamale as its capital city (which is also the capital city of the Northern Region). The city is the central business hub of the region.

West Dagomba District
West Dagomba District is a former district council that was located in Northern Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1975. However on 1988, it was split off into three new district assemblies: Tamale Municipal District (capital: Tamale), Savelugu-Nanton District (capital: Savelugu) and Tolon-Kumbungu District (capital: Tolon). The district assembly was located in the western part of Northern Region and had Tamale as its capital town.
The Aldington Gang
Aldington was the stronghold of The Aldington Gang, a band of smugglers roaming the Romney Marshes and shores of Kent. The gang's leaders made the local inn, The Walnut Tree Inn, their headquarters and drop for their contraband. The Inn was often used when they waited for others of their group to bring in goods from across the Marshes. High up on the southern side of the inn is a small window through which the gang would shine a signal light to their partners up on Aldington Knoll when the way was clear for them.

They were probably the last 'major' gang that existed in Kent and it is believed that they were known as The Blues from the colour of the clothing that they wore or from blue flares used for signalling.

Romney Marsh
Romney Marsh is a sparsely populated wetland area in the counties of Kent and East Sussex in the south-east of England. It covers about 100 square miles (260 km2). The Marsh has been in use for centuries, though its inhabitants commonly suffered from malaria until the 18th century. Due to its location, geography and isolation, it was important for smugglers between the 17th and 19th centuries. The area has long been used for sheep pasture: Romney Marsh sheep are considered one of the most successful and important sheep breeds. Featuring numerous waterways, and with some areas lying below sea level, the Marsh has over time sustained a gradual level of reclamation, both through natural causes and by human intervention. The name Romney likely comes from the Old English Rumen ea meaning the "large watery place".
Kvam, Steinkjer
Kvam is a village in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.  The village is located along the northern shore of the lake Snåsavatnet along the European route E6 highway, about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northeast of the village of Følling and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of the town of Steinkjer.

The small village of Kvam lies directly on the lake shore and it has a school, store, senior living center, and Kvam Church. Farther north from the lake includes a wilderness area including the large lakes Gilten and Bangsjøan. The village was the administrative centre of the old Kvam Municipality which existed from 1909 until its dissolution in 1964.

Steinkjer Municipality
Steinkjerⓘ (Norwegian) or Stïentje (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Steinkjer which is located on the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord. The town is also the administrative centre for Trøndelag county. Other populated areas in Steinkjer include the villages of Bartnes, Beitstad, Binde, Byafossen, Follafoss, Følling, Gaulstad, Henning, Hyllbrua, Kvam, Lerkehaug, Malm, Mære, Sela, Skei, Sparbu, Stod, Sunnan, Vassaunet, Vellamelen, and Verrastranda.

The 2,122-square-kilometre (819 sq mi) municipality is the 31st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Steinkjer Municipality is the 54th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 24,032. The municipality's population density is 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Te Ata-inutai
Te Ata-inutai was a Māori rangatira (chieftain) of the Ngāti Raukawa iwi in the Tainui tribal confederation based at Whare-puhunga in the Waikato region of New Zealand. He led an attack against Ngāti Tūwharetoa on the south shore of Lake Taupō, as a result of disputes arising from the Ngāti Tama–Ngāti Tūwharetoa War and forged a peace treaty with the Tūwharetoa chieftain Te Rangi-ita, but was ultimately murdered in his old age by members of Tūwharetoa in vengeance for his earlier attack. He probably lived in the early seventeenth century.

Te Rangi-ita (Ngāti Tūwharetoa)
Te Rangi-ita was a Māori ariki (chieftain) of Ngāti Tūwharetoa from the region around Lake Taupō, New Zealand. He participated with bravery in the Ngāti Tama-Ngāti Tūwharetoa War, fought off an invasion by the Ngāti Raukawa chieftain Te Ata-inutai, and forged a peace through his marriage to Te Ata-inutai's daughter, Waitapu. Through their children, he is an ancestor of many hapū of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, including Ngāti Te Rangiita, the main hapū on the south shore of Lake Taupō, where the town of Te Rangi-ita is named after him. He probably lived in the early seventeenth century.
William Lowell Putnam III
William Lowell Putnam III (October 25, 1924 – December 20, 2014) was an alpinist, author and retired broadcasting executive. He was Trustee Emeritus of the Lowell Observatory, a private astronomical research facility. He was the son of politician and businessman Roger Putnam and a member of the prominent Lowell family of Massachusetts.

Lowell family
The Lowell family is one of the Boston Brahmin families of New England, known for both intellectual and commercial achievements.

The family had emigrated to Boston from England in 1639, led by the patriarch Percival Lowle (c. 1570–1664/1665). The surname was spelt in many ways until it was standardised as Lowell from about 1721, apparently by the Rev. John Lowell. It was a later John Lowell (1743–1802) from whom the famous dynasty was descended.