hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne
Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne (1498 – 28 April 1519), was the penultimate representative of the senior branch of a French House of La Tour d'Auvergne. She is best known for being the mother of Catherine de' Medici, the future Queen of France.

Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (Italian: [loˈrɛntso di ˈpjɛːro de ˈmɛːditʃi]; 12 September 1492 – 4 May 1519) was the ruler of Florence from 1516 until his death in 1519. He was also Duke of Urbino during the same period. A scion of the Medici, his wealth and power saw his daughter Catherine de' Medici become Queen Consort of France, while his recognised but illegitimate son, Alessandro de' Medici, inherited his estate and became the first Duke of Florence.
Lutz Children's Museum
The Lutz Children's Museum is a non-profit children's museum located in Manchester, Connecticut, United States. Originally known as the Lutz Junior Museum, it was developed on March 4, 1953 by a vote of the Manchester Parent Teacher Association (PTA) Council. Their objective was to "provide supplemental enrichment to students in their classrooms and ask the community to come forth with ideas."

Manchester, Connecticut
Manchester is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town had a total population of 59,713. The urban center of the town is the Manchester census-designated place, with a population of 36,379 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Manchester, in England.
Critical incident stress debriefing
Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a form of psychological debriefing that features a specific structure and format, which were developed to address critical incident stress experienced by emergency service workers. It was developed by Jeffrey Mitchell and is considered the most widely used today. Despite its frequent use, major organisations such as World Health Organisation, NICE and Phoenix Australia recommended against its use based on synthesis of available evidence – no high-quality evidence of helping alleviate symptoms of PTSD and some studies reporting on worsening the PTSD symptoms trajectory due to CISD. Psychological first aid was suggested by those organisations as an evidence-informed alternative instead.

Debriefing
Debriefing is a report of a mission or project or the information so obtained. It is a structured process following an exercise or event that reviews the actions taken. As a technical term, it implies a specific and active intervention process that has developed with more formal meanings such as operational debriefing. It is classified into different types, which include military, experiential, and psychological debriefing, among others.
Dongas road protest group
The Dongas Tribe was a collection of road protesters and travellers in England, noted for their occupation of Twyford Down outside Winchester, Hampshire. The name Dongas comes from the Matabele word for "gully", given by Winchester locals to the deep drovers' tracks on Twyford Down.

John Vidal, writing in The Guardian in 2012, said of The Dongas that "the 15-20 urban youths who camped out to try to defend Twyford Down in 1992 are recognised to have fired up British environmental protest and kickstarted a major shift in green attitudes in both government and the public."

Road protest in the United Kingdom
Road protests in the United Kingdom usually occur as a reaction to a stated intention by the relevant authorities to build a new road, or to modify an existing road. Reasons for opposition to opening new roads include a desire to reduce air pollution and thus not wishing to incentivise increased or sustained car usage, and/or a desire to reduce or maintain low noise pollution by not having or increasing the use of motor vehicles in the area of the planned/proposed road. Protests may also be made by those wishing to see new roads built (particularly  bypasses), changes made to existing roads, or against restricting their use by motor traffic.
Institute of technology
An institute of technology (also referred to as technological/technology university/college, technical university/college, university/college of technology, polytechnic university) is an institution of tertiary education that specializes in engineering, technology, applied science, and natural sciences.

Universal College of Learning
The Universal College of Learning (UCOL) is a New Zealand Government ITP (Industry Training Provider/Polytechnic) with campuses located in Palmerston North, Whanganui, Masterton and Levin. Jasmine Groves is the institute's current Operational Lead.
European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research
The European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research (EICAR) was founded in 1991 as an organization aiming to further antivirus research and improving development of antivirus software. Recently EICAR has furthered its scope to include the research of malicious software (malware) other than computer viruses and extended work on other information security topics like content security, Wireless LAN security, RFID and information security awareness. EICAR also organizes international security conferences most years, as well as a number of working groups or 'task forces'.

Antivirus software
Antivirus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is software intended to prevent, detect, and remove malware.

Antivirus software was originally developed to detect and remove computer viruses, hence the name. However, with the proliferation of other malware, antivirus software started to protect against other computer threats. Some products also include protection from malicious URLs, spam, and phishing.
University Settlement Society of New York
The University Settlement Society of New York is an American organization which provides educational and social services to immigrants and low-income families, located at 184 Eldridge Street (corner of Eldridge and Rivington Streets) on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, New York. It provides numerous services for the mostly immigrant population of the neighborhood and has since 1886, when it was established as the first settlement house in the United States.

Rivington Street
Rivington Street is a street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, which runs across the Lower East Side neighborhood, between the Bowery and Pitt Street, with a break between Chrystie and Forsyth for Sara D. Roosevelt Park. Vehicular traffic runs west on this one-way street.

It is named after James Rivington, who under cover of writing one of the most infamous Loyalist newspapers in the American colonies, secretly ran a spy ring that supplied George Washington with information. Early in the 20th century, the street was the home of many Italian and Jewish immigrants, hence the birthplace of many second generation Italian and Jewish Americans. George Burns lived there for a time.
Sentosa Express
The Sentosa Express is a monorail line connecting Sentosa island to HarbourFront on the Singapore mainland. It was built at a cost of S$140 million to replace the previous Sentosa Monorail. Development began in June 2003 and construction works were completed in late 2006. The fully elevated 2.1-kilometre (1.3-mile; per direction) two-way line (4.3-km total track length) opened on 15 January 2007. The monorail system, privately owned by Sentosa Development Corporation and operated by Singapore Mass Rapid Transit, can move up to 4,000 passengers per hour per direction.

HarbourFront (Singapore)
HarbourFront is a waterfront district situated in southern Singapore. Whilst HarbourFront's boundaries are ambiguous, its location is roughly represented on the URA's Master Plan as a subzone called Maritime Square, located within the Bukit Merah Planning Area.

Main thoroughfares in HarbourFront include Keppel Way and Telok Blangah Road. Notable buildings in the vicinity include HarbourFront Centre, Singapore Cruise Centre, St James Power Station, VivoCity and the Jardine Steps Tower which hosts the HarbourFront stop of the Singapore Cable Car. Maritime Square is currently being redeveloped into a new business and lifestyle hub.
Lena, Manitoba
Lena is an unincorporated community located in the Municipality of Killarney-Turtle Mountain in south central Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 89 kilometers (55 miles) southeast of Brandon, Manitoba, at the junction of Manitoba Highway 18 and Provincial Road 341.

Municipality of Killarney-Turtle Mountain
Killarney-Turtle Mountain is a rural municipality (RM) located in the Westman Region of Manitoba, Canada. It is located to the immediate north of the Canada–United States border opposite Rollete and Towner Counties, North Dakota.
Temštica
Temštica (Serbian Cyrillic: Темштица), or Temska River (Serbian: Темска река / Temska reka), is a river in Serbia, a right tributary of the river Nišava. The Temštica itself is not very long (23 km), but receives a much longer tributary, the Visočica (Височица), flowing from Bulgaria (16.7 km in length), through Serbia (54 km in length) making Visočica and Temštica river system 93.7 km long.

Nišava
The Nišava or Nishava (Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: Нишава, Serbian pronunciation: [nǐʃaʋa]) is a river in Bulgaria and Serbia, a right tributary, and with a length of 218 kilometres (135 mi) also the longest one, of the South Morava.
Earl of Douglas
This page is concerned with the holders of the forfeit title Earl of Douglas and the preceding feudal barons of Douglas, South Lanarkshire. The title was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1358 for William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, son of Sir Archibald Douglas, Guardian of Scotland. The Earldom was forfeited by James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, in 1455.

James II of Scotland
James II (16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460) was King of Scots from 1437 until his death in 1460. The eldest surviving son of James I of Scotland, he succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of six, following the assassination of his father. The first Scottish monarch not to be crowned at Scone, James II's coronation took place at Holyrood Abbey in March 1437. After a reign characterised by struggles to maintain control of his kingdom, he was killed by an exploding cannon at Roxburgh Castle in 1460.
Riyadh Season
Riyadh Season is an annual series of entertainment, cultural, and sporting events held in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. The season is organized by the General Entertainment Authority as part of the Saudi Seasons initiative supporting Saudi Vision 2030.

General Entertainment Authority
The General Entertainment Authority (GEA) (Arabic: الهيئة العامة للترفيه, romanized: Al-Hayʾah al-ʿĀmmah li-t-Tarfīh), formerly the General Authority for Entertainment (GAE), is a government department in Saudi Arabia that regulates the entertainment industry of the country. Established in May 2016 through a royal decree by King Salman as part of the Saudi Vision 2030 program, it is tasked with regulating and developing the entertainment sector in order to broaden entertainment offerings and support national goals related to economic diversification.
Harold Beauchamp
Sir Harold Beauchamp (15 November 1858 – 5 October 1938) was a New Zealand businessman who was twice chairman of the Bank of New Zealand. He was the father of author Katherine Mansfield.

Australian by birth he was brought to New Zealand at the age of two and eventually made Wellington his home where, still young, he turned a small importing business into a substantial enterprise. He is believed to have crossed the Equator about 24 times travelling by sea to London maintaining business and banking contacts. Beauchamp died in Wellington in 1938 in his eightieth year survived by his second wife.

Te Papa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum and is located in Wellington.  Usually known as Te Papa (Māori for 'the treasure box'), it opened in 1998 after the merging of the National Museum of New Zealand and the National Art Gallery. An average of more than 1.1 million people visit every year, making it the 58th-most-visited art gallery in the world in 2023. Te Papa operates under a bicultural philosophy, and emphasises the living stories behind its cultural treasures.
Tim Skold
Tim Skold (born Thim Sköld; 14 December 1966) is a Swedish musician and record producer who produces solo work and has also collaborated with multiple musical groups including Shotgun Messiah, KMFDM, Marilyn Manson and Motionless in White.

Shotgun Messiah (album)
Shotgun Messiah is the debut album by Swedish hard rock band Shotgun Messiah, released on 12 September 1989 through Relativity Records. The album is a remix of the album Welcome to Bop City, released under the band's former name Kingpin. Described as "cocky, loud and rough", Shotgun Messiah would go on to sell almost 500,000 copies. The band toured North America in support the album.
June Revolution
The June Revolution (Albanian: Lëvizja e Qershorit) was a popular uprising in Albania that temporarily overthrew the Zogist regime following the 1923 Albanian parliamentary election and the assassination of popular Albanian activist and politician Avni Rustemi. A new government was established under Fan Noli that sought to implement a series of radical and liberal reforms, much to the dismay of Albania's traditional landowning class, and Ahmet Zogu would return to power after staging a counter-coup six months later with the help of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo
The Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo (Albanian: Komiteti "Mbrojtja Kombëtare e Kosovës" abbrev. KMKK) was an Albanian organization founded in Shkodër on 1 May 1918. It  mainly consisted of the political exiles from Kosovo and was led by Hoxha Kadri from Pristina. It had existed in looser form since May 1915.
Musée d'histoire urbaine et sociale de Suresnes
The Musée d'histoire urbaine et sociale de Suresnes (English: Suresnes Urban and Social History Museum) is a museum of France installed since June 2013 in the old Suresnes - Longchamp train station building.

Presenting the evolution of the city, it is particularly focused on the social urban planning of the 1920s and 1930s, of which the garden city and the Outdoor School are the most significant examples.

The museum was initially budgeted at a cost of €8.3 million for a total area of approximately 1,300 square meters, including the creation of the 220 square meter extension intended for temporary exhibitions. Its final cost is 10 million euros.

Suresnes
Suresnes (French pronunciation: [syʁɛn] ⓘ) is a commune in Hauts-de-Seine, in the western inner suburbs of Paris, located 9.3 km (5.8 mi) from the centre of Paris. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 48,956.

Suresnes borders the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, across the Seine. Its neighbouring communes are Nanterre, Puteaux, Rueil-Malmaison and Saint-Cloud. Suresnes's landmarks include the Mémorial de la France combattante, where an annual ceremony is held on 18 June, as well as Suresnes American Cemetery and Memorial nearby, below Fort Mont-Valérien, in addition to Foch Hospital in the town centre.

The commune is served by Suresnes–Mont-Valérien station on the Transilien network and by two stops on Île-de-France tramway Line 2, all three giving access to the La Défense business district and its RER A, RER E and Paris Métro Line 1 services.
Quo Vadis (New York restaurant)
Quo Vadis was a fashionable restaurant in New York City located at 26 East 63rd Street near the corner with Madison Avenue. It operated from 1946 until 1984. W magazine referred to it in 1972, as one of "Les Six, the last bastions of grand luxe dining in New York." The other five named were La Grenouille, La Caravelle, La Côte Basque, Lafayette, and Lutèce.

La Grenouille (restaurant)
La Grenouille (French for "The Frog") was a French restaurant at 3 East 52nd Street between Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1962 by former Henri Soulé apprentice Charles Masson Sr. and his wife Gisèle, later with sons Philippe and Charles, La Grenouille became a location of choice among New York, U.S., and eventually international diners, including designers from the nearby Garment District of Manhattan.

The restaurant announced in September 2024 that it would close permanently. When the closure was announced, La Grenouille was the last operating New York French haute cuisine restaurant from the 1960s, and it remained a highly rated restaurant.
Sir Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet
Sir Thomas Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet, CB, JP, DL, FSA (10 February 1844 – 29 June 1931) was an English industrialist, landowner, Justice of the Peace, and administrator. A Deputy Lieutenant of County Durham, he was High Sheriff of Durham in 1895 and Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1906 to 1931. He joined his family firm, Bell Brothers, and became director of its steelworks at Middlesbrough.

Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire
The post of Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire was created in 1660, at the Restoration. It was abolished on 31 March 1974, and replaced with the office of Lord Lieutenant of North Yorkshire. From 1782 until 1974, all Lords Lieutenant were also Custos Rotulorum of the North Riding of Yorkshire.
Meuseukat
Meuseukat is a dodol-like cake found in Acehnese cuisine. The cake is made using flour, sugar, a mixture of pineapple and lemon juice, and butter. The pineapple used in the cake imparts a yellow hue. Meuseukat is typically served on special occasions, such as during wedding festivities, and religious celebrations like Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

The term meuseukat is likely cognate with Burmese masakat, a confection popular in Upper Myanmar.

Acehnese cuisine
Acehnese cuisine is the cuisine of the Acehnese people of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia. This cuisine is popular and widely known in Indonesia. Arab, Persian, and Indian traders influenced food culture in Aceh although flavours have substantially changed their original forms. The spices combined in Acehnese cuisine are commonly found in Indian and Arab cuisine, such as ginger, pepper, coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and fennel.

A variety of Acehnese food is cooked with curry or coconut milk, which is generally combined with meat such as buffalo, beef, goat meat, lamb, mutton, fish, or chicken. Several Aceh dishes can trace their origins to India, such as roti canai, which was derived from Indian flatbread.
Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States
The Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States (PCSCOTUS), also known informally as the Supreme Court commission, was a Presidential Commission established by U.S. President Joe Biden to investigate the idea of reforming the Supreme Court. It was slated to provide a nonpartisan analysis of "the principal arguments in the contemporary public debate for and against Supreme Court reform".

The commission issued its final report on December 8, 2021, which reviewed various legal questions about the Supreme Court. It did not recommend major changes to the operation of the Court, and no reforms resulted from the commission.

Presidential commission (United States)
In the United States, a presidential commission is a special task force ordained by the president to complete a specific, special investigation or research. They are often quasi-judicial in nature; that is, they include public or in-camera hearings.
Burley Hill (Connecticut)
Burley Hill is a 1,316-foot (401 m) hill in Union, Connecticut.  It is the highest point in Tolland County and the highest point in eastern Connecticut. It is one of Connecticut's highest named summits and it ranks 6th in the state for prominence at 669 feet (204 m).

It is the most isolated peak in Connecticut and ranks 47th out of 50 for separation.  The nearest summit above 1316' is 1387' Asnebumskit Hill in Massachusetts, 25.2 miles (40.6 km) away.

Union, Connecticut
Union is a town located in the northeastern part of Tolland County, Connecticut, United States and is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region and Last Green Valley National Heritage Corridor. The population was 785 at the 2020 census, making it the least populous town and municipality in Connecticut. Union includes the village of Mashapaug located in the Eastern Uplands at the Massachusetts state line. Union is located 33 miles (53 kilometers) northeast of the state capital, Hartford and 67 mi (108 km) southwest of Boston, as well as 153 mi (246 km) northeast of New York City.
Buxton Community School
Buxton Community School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Buxton, Derbyshire, England. The school was officially opened on 19 October 1993 achieving the consolidation of four former Buxton schools on the site of the previous Buxton College. The school is a specialist sports college. The headteacher is Sam Jones.

In 2010 an Engineering Centre was added to the site and was officially opened by The Duke of Devonshire on the 13th October.

A 3G artificial all-weather grass pitch was a further addition in 2012 and this opened by Howard Webb MBE.

Previously a voluntary controlled school administered by Derbyshire County Council, in June 2023 Buxton Community School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Embark Federation. Academies have more autonomy with the National Curriculum and receive direct funding from the UK Government.

Buxton
Buxton is a spa town in the borough of High Peak, Derbyshire, in the East Midlands region of England. It is England's highest market town, sited at some 1,000 feet (300 m) above sea level. It lies close to Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, on the edge of the Peak District National Park. In 1974, the municipal borough merged with other nearby boroughs, including Glossop, to form the local government district and borough of High Peak.

The town population was 20,048 at the 2021 Census (down from 21,108 at the 2011 Census). Sights include Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern; St Ann's Well, fed by a geothermal spring bottled by Buxton Natural Mineral Water (owned by Nestle); and many historic buildings, including John Carr's restored Buxton Crescent, Henry Currey's Buxton Baths and Frank Matcham's Buxton Opera House. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby occupies historic premises. Buxton is twinned with Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors. It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein that is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue. In addition to cardiac tissue, beta-1 adrenergic receptors are also expressed in the cerebral cortex.

Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and alternatively spelled adrenalin, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. It plays an essential role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, heart output by acting on the SA node, pupil dilation response, and blood sugar level. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals, including humans, and some single-celled organisms. It has also been isolated from the plant Scoparia dulcis found in Northern Vietnam.