hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Atlantic and Gulf Railroad (1856–1879)
The Atlantic and Gulf Railroad was chartered in February 1856 by act of the Georgia General Assembly. It was also known as the Main Trunk Railroad. It traversed south Georgia from Screven to Bainbridge, Georgia. Construction began in early January 1859. Its construction was halted by the American Civil War. Construction began again after the end of the war and the line was completed to Bainbridge by late December 1867. The route never reached all the way to the Gulf of Mexico as it had originally intended. The company went bankrupt in 1877 and was bought in 1879 by Henry B. Plant and became incorporated into his Plant System. Its main line is currently operated by CSX Transportation. Throughout its history, the Atlantic and Gulf was closely associated with the Savannah and Albany Railroad Company and its successor the Savannah, Albany, and Gulf Railroad.

Troupville, Georgia
Troupville (occasionally recorded as Troupeville) is an extinct unincorporated community in Lowndes County, Georgia, United States, near Valdosta. Troupville was a riverboat landing near the confluence of the Withlacoochee River and the Little River at the uppermost navigable point. It was the third county seat of Lowndes County. Troupville was named after Governor George Troup.

Railroads were superseding riverboats across the state. After a railroad station was established at Valdosta in 1859, many Troupville residents picked up their houses and moved to the railroad. They founded Valdosta, which the following year was designated by the legislature as the county seat.
Tenta (woreda)
Tenta (Amharic: ተንታ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Debub Wollo Zone, Tenta is bordered on the south by Legambo, on the southwest by Sayint, on the west by Magdala, on the north by the Bashilo River which separates it from Semien Wollo Zone, on the northeast by Ambassel, on the east by Kutaber and on the southeast by Dessie Zuria. The administrative center of this woreda is Ajebar; other towns in Tenta include Amba Mariam (the site of Emperor Tewodros's last stand), and Tenta.

Tenta lies the northern slopes of Mount Amba Ferit, stretching down to the left bank of the Bashilo. Altitudes range from 600 meters above sea level where the Bashilo leaves the woreda to 3700 meters in the southwest corner. Rivers include the Adala and the Kulkul, which drain into the Bashilo.

Legambo
Legambo (Amharic: ለጋምቦ) is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This woreda is named for one of the "Houses" or subgroups of the Bete Amhara, who were located there. Part of the Debub Wollo Zone, Legambo is bordered on the south by Legahida and Kelala, on the southwest by Wegde, on the west by Debre Sina, on the northwest by Sayint, on the north by Tenta, on the northeast by Dessie Zuria, and on the southeast by Were Ilu. Towns in Legambo include Aqesta and Embacheber.

Elevations in this woreda range from 1500 to 3700 meters; the highest point in this woreda, as well as the Debub Wollo Zone, is Mount Amba Ferit, which lies on the border with Sayint.
EPA tractor
An EPA tractor is a type of self-constructed agricultural tractor in Sweden, made from a converted production vehicle or vehicle remains. Later, EPA tractors were converted and used primarily by young people in rural areas, as they were limited to a design-related top speed of 30 km/h (19 mph) and could be driven from the age of 15 with a moped license. The EPA tractors were replaced by the so-called A-tractors in 1975 and continue to enjoy great popularity among young people in Sweden.

Tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction.  Most commonly, the term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks, especially (and originally) tillage, and now many more. Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised.
Jesse Sullivan
Jesse Sullivan (born c. 1966) is an American electrician best known for operating a fully robotic limb through a nerve-muscle graft, making him one of the first non-fictional cyborgs.

His bionic arm, a prototype developed by the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, differs from most other prostheses, in that it does not use pull cables or nub switches to function and instead uses micro-computers to perform a much wider range of complex motions.  It is also the first prototype which enables him to sense pressure.

Cyborg
A cyborg (/ˈsaɪbɔːrɡ/) is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. It is a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. In contrast to biorobots and androids, the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has undergone restoration of function or enhancements of abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback.
Ramos Arizpe
Ramos Arizpe (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈramos aˈɾispe]) is a town that is part of the Saltillo metropolitan area located in the Mexican state of Coahuila. The city reported a population of 114,010 in the 2020 census; the municipality had a population of 122,243. Its area is 5,306.6 km2 (2,048.9 sq mi).

Ramos Arizpe was established originally in 1577 as Valle de las Labores, a name chosen as the soil was conducive to agriculture.

Saltillo metropolitan area
The Saltillo metropolitan area, also known as Greater Saltillo, refers to the surrounding urban agglomeration of the capital city of the mexican state of Coahuila: Saltillo. Officially called Area Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Saltillo.
Saltillo metropolitan area is composed of the municipalities of: Ramos Arizpe, Arteaga and Derramadero.
It has an area of 14,009.3 km² as well as a population of 1,073,400 inhabitants as of 2022. It is the fifteenth largest metropolis in the country and the largest metropolitan area in terms of area in the state of Coahuila. Also, it is the seventh place among the metropolitan areas with the highest GDP in the country, thus becoming the wealthiest metropolitan area in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza.
Cape Ann Transportation Authority
The Cape Ann Transportation Authority (CATA) is a public, non-profit organization in Massachusetts, charged with providing public transportation to the Cape Ann area, consisting of the city of Gloucester and the nearby towns of Essex, Ipswich, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Rockport and Hamilton.

Ipswich, Massachusetts
Ipswich is a coastal town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 13,785 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Home to Willowdale State Forest and Sandy Point State Reservation, Ipswich includes the southern part of Plum Island. A residential community with a vibrant tourism industry, the town is famous for its clams, celebrated annually at the Ipswich Chowderfest, and for Crane Beach, a barrier beach near the Crane estate. Ipswich was incorporated as a town in 1634.
Individual retirement account
An individual retirement account (IRA) in the United States is a type of retirement savings plan offered by many financial institutions that provides tax advantages for retirement savings. It is a trust that holds investment assets purchased with a taxpayer's earned income for the taxpayer's eventual benefit in old age. An individual retirement account is a type of individual retirement arrangement as described in IRS Publication 590, Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs). Other arrangements include individual retirement annuities and employer-established benefit trusts.

Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA) (Pub. L. 109–8 (text) (PDF), 119 Stat. 23, enacted April 20, 2005) is a legislative act that made several significant changes to the United States Bankruptcy Code.

Referred to colloquially as the "New Bankruptcy Law", the Act of Congress attempts to, among other things, make it more difficult for some consumers to file bankruptcy under Chapter 7; some of these consumers may instead utilize Chapter 13.

It was passed by the 109th United States Congress on April 14, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on April 20, 2005. Provisions of the act apply to cases filed on or after October 17, 2005.
Social Democratic Party (Hungary)
The Social Democratic Party (Hungarian: Szociáldemokrata Párt, pronounced [ˈsot͡sijaːldɛmokrɒtɒ ˈpaːrt], SZDP) often known as the "Historic" Social Democratic Party ("történelmi" Szociáldemokrata Párt [ˈtørteːnɛlmi ˈsot͡sijaːldɛmokrɒtɒ ˈpaːrt], tSZDP) was a small Hungarian political party now considered to be practically defunct. It emerged following a split within the Hungarian Social Democratic Party (MSZDP) in 1989. Both the SZDP and MSZDP lay claim to the same heritage: the Social Democratic Party which was part of a governing coalition in Hungary between 1945 and 1948, and a short period in 1956, which itself was renamed from the Hungarian Social Democratic Party, previously established in 1890. Traditional areas of support were the industrial areas of Budapest, especially Óbuda, Pesterzsébet and Angyalföld.

Social Democratic Party of Hungary
The Social Democratic Party of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, pronounced [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡi ˈsot͡sijaːldɛmokrɒtɒ ˈpaːrt], MSZDP) is a social democratic political party in Hungary. Historically, the party was dissolved during the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany (1944–1945) and the communist period of Hungary from 1948 to 1989, after being forced into a merger with the Communist Party. It worked legally for a short time during the Revolution of 1956.

It was a government party as a part of the Károlyi Government (1918–1919), Berinkey Government, Peidl Government (1919), Interim National Assembly (1944–1945) and Dinnyés Government (1947–1948). It was reorganized after Hungary's transition from communism in 1989.

MSZDP used to be a member of the Socialist International and the Party of European Socialists until 2020, when it was delisted from both due to inactivity.
Yongchang County
Yongchang County (Chinese: 永昌县; pinyin: Yǒngchāng Xiàn) is a county located in the southern half of the prefecture-level city of Jinchang in north-central Gansu province, China, bordering Qinghai to the south. It has been associated with the historical Liqian and Fanhe counties. The village of Zhelaizhai, located in Jiaojiazhuang township, has been the subject of international academic and media attention for its potential connection to Sino-Roman relations.

Jinchang
Jinchang (Chinese: 金昌; pinyin: Jīnchāng) is a prefecture-level city in the centre of Gansu province, People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its population was 438,026 inhabitants, of which 260,385 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of the Jinchuan District.
France Avenue
France Avenue is a major street in Minneapolis, Edina, and Bloomington, with shorter segments in several other suburbs (Brooklyn Park, Brooklyn Center, Robbinsdale, and Golden Valley) in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metro area.

Edina, Minnesota
Edina (locally /iːˈdaɪnə/ ⓘ ee-DY-nə, /ɪˈdaɪnə/ ih-DY-nə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States and a first-ring suburb of Minneapolis. The population was 53,494 at the 2020 census, making it the 18th most populous city in Minnesota.

Edina began as a small farming and milling community along Minnehaha Creek in the 1860s and became one of Minneapolis's first incorporated suburbs in 1888. After years of being a streetcar suburb, Edina saw expanded development as a car-centric suburb in the 1950s and 1960s.

The city is known for its shopping, parks, and high quality of life and also has the nation's oldest indoor mall, the Southdale Center.
Musa peekelii
Musa peekelii is a species of wild banana (genus Musa), native to eastern New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. It is placed in section Callimusa (now including the former section Australimusa), members of which have a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20. It is a very tall plant, reaching over 10 m (33 ft), with a narrow green drooping bud. The ripe bananas are red with bright yellow flesh. It is one of the possible parents of the cultivated Fe'i bananas.

The subspecies M. peekelii subsp. angustigemma has been treated as a separate species, M. angustigemma.

Musa (genus)
Musa is one of three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes 83 species of flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains (also known as cooking bananas), and fiber (abacá), used to make paper and cloth. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants.
Timiskaming North
Timiskaming North was a Canadian electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada for ten years, from 1925 to 1935. It was located in the northeastern part of the province of Ontario. It was created in 1924 from parts of Timiskaming and Algoma West ridings.

It consisted of the northern portion of Timiskaming District and much of the Algoma District

The electoral district was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed between Timiskaming and Cochrane ridings.

Cochrane (federal electoral district)
Cochrane (also known as Cochrane North and Cochrane—Superior) was a federal electoral district in the province of Ontario, Canada. It was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1997.
Pepsodent
Pepsodent is an American brand of toothpaste with the minty flavor that is derived from sassafras. The brand was purchased by Unilever in 1942 and is still owned by the company outside of the United States and Canada. In 2003, Unilever sold the rights to the brand in the North American market to Church & Dwight.

Church & Dwight
Church & Dwight Co., Inc. is an American consumer goods company focusing on personal care, household products, and specialty products. The company was founded in 1847 and is headquartered in Ewing, New Jersey. It is the parent company of well-known brands such as Arm & Hammer, Trojan, OxiClean, and First Response. In 2022, Church & Dwight reported annual revenue of $5.4 billion. The company's products and services include a wide range of consumer goods, including laundry detergent, air fresheners, baking soda, condoms, pregnancy tests, and oral hygiene products.
Netanya Tigers
The Netanya Tigers (Hebrew: נתניה טייגרס) was an Israeli baseball team from Netanya in the Israel Baseball League.

The Tigers finished the inaugural 2007 season in fourth place, 19-21 (.475), and were defeated by the Bet Shemesh Blue Sox in the semifinals of the 2007 championship, 6-3.

Bet Shemesh Blue Sox
The Beit Shemesh Blue Sox (Hebrew: בית שמש בלו סוקס) were an Israeli baseball team from Bet Shemesh.

The Blue Sox was one of the inaugural teams in the Israel Baseball League.  They had the best regular season record (29–12, .707), and won the inaugural championship August 19, 2007, in Petah Tikva, shutting out Art Shamsky’s Modi’in Miracle 3–0 in the championship game. Californian RHP Rafael Bergstrom pitched a complete game shutout, downing Dominican RHP Maximo Nelson (5–3, 3.55 ERA) who pitched for Modi’in.
Church Brampton
Church Brampton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Church with Chapel Brampton, in the West Northamptonshire unitary authority area of Northamptonshire, England. Together with nearby Chapel Brampton the two villages are known as The Bramptons. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 251 people. On 1 April 2009 the parish was abolished and merged with Chapel Brampton to form "Church with Chapel Brampton".

The villages name means 'Broom farm/settlement'.

Its church, St. Botolph's, dates back to the early 13th century. Just outside the village are two golf clubs, Church Brampton's Northamptonshire County Golf Course and the Brampton Heath golf course, a public course.

Church with Chapel Brampton
Church with Chapel Brampton is a civil parish in the West Northamptonshire district, in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England. The two main settlements are Church Brampton and Chapel Brampton (sometimes known as The Bramptons). The population of the parish was 808 at the 2011 census. The parish was formed on 1 April 2009 from "Chapel Brampton" and "Church Brampton".

This civil parish is part of the ecclesiastical benefice of 'Brington with Whilton and Norton and Church Brampton with Chapel Brampton and Harlestone and East Haddon and Holdenby'.

In 2022, research published by Savills reported that the parish was the most desired place to live in Northamptonshire and one of the most desired in the UK. In 2021, Golf Lane in Church Brampton was named the most expensive street in Northamptonshire.
Halimede (moon)
Halimede /hæləˈmiːdiː/, or Neptune IX, is a retrograde irregular satellite of Neptune. It was discovered by Matthew J. Holman, John J. Kavelaars, Tommy Grav, Wesley C. Fraser and Dan Milisavljevic on August 14, 2002.

Matthew J. Holman
Matthew J. Holman (born 1967) is a Smithsonian astrophysicist and lecturer at Harvard University. Holman studied at MIT, where he received his bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1989 and his PhD in planetary science in 1994. He was awarded the Newcomb Cleveland Prize in 1998.

From 25 January 2015 to 9 February 2021, he held the position of an interim director of IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), after former director Timothy B. Spahr had stepped down. Holman was followed by Matthew Payne as new director of the MPC.

He was a Salina Central High School (Kansas) classmate and fellow debate team member of Joe Miller, Alaskan Senate candidate. The main-belt asteroid 3666 Holman was named in his honour in 1999 (M.P.C. 34619).
Genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy is the use of genealogical DNA tests, i.e., DNA profiling and DNA testing, in combination with traditional genealogical methods, to infer genetic relationships between individuals. This application of genetics came to be used by family historians in the 21st century, as DNA tests became affordable. The tests have been promoted by amateur groups, such as surname study groups or regional genealogical groups, as well as research projects such as the Genographic Project.

As of 2019, about 30 million people had been tested. As the field developed, the aims of practitioners broadened, with many seeking knowledge of their ancestry beyond the recent centuries, for which traditional pedigrees can be constructed.

DNA profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding.

DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. It is also used in paternity testing, to establish immigration eligibility, and in genealogical and medical research. DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture. DNA profiling was discovered by British geneticist Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984 while he was working at the University of Leicester. He developed the technique of genetic fingerprinting by realizing that some regions of DNA have highly variable repetitive sequences that are unique to each individual.
Laura Ingalls Wilder
Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder (February 7, 1867 – February 10, 1957) was an American writer, teacher, and journalist. She is best known as the author of the children's book series Little House on the Prairie, published between 1932 and 1943, which was based on her childhood in a settler and pioneer family.

American pioneer
American pioneers were predominantly European American settlers who had marched on westward from the British Thirteen Colonies and later the United States of America, to settle and develop areas of the nation within the continent of North America.

The pioneer concept and ethos greatly predate the settlement of the Western United States, with which they are commonly associated, and many places now considered "East" were settled by pioneers from even further east. For example, Daniel Boone, a key figure in U.S. history, settled in Kentucky, when that "Dark and Bloody Ground" was still undeveloped.

One important development in the Western settlement were the Homestead Acts, which provided formal legislation for settlers which regulated the settlement process with little to no concern for the existing inhabitants of the land. Pioneers also settled on land that was once inhabited by American Indian tribes.
Elliptic function
In the mathematical field of complex analysis, elliptic functions are special kinds of meromorphic functions, that satisfy two periodicity conditions. They are named elliptic functions because they come from elliptic integrals. Those integrals are in turn named elliptic because they first were encountered for the calculation of the arc length of an ellipse.

Important elliptic functions are Jacobi elliptic functions and the Weierstrass -function.

Further development of this theory led to hyperelliptic functions and modular forms.

Weierstrass elliptic function
In mathematics, the Weierstrass elliptic functions are elliptic functions that take a particularly simple form. They are named for Karl Weierstrass. This class of functions is also referred to as ℘-functions and they are usually denoted by the symbol ℘, a uniquely fancy script p. They play an important role in the theory of elliptic functions, i.e., meromorphic functions that are doubly periodic. A ℘-function together with its derivative can be used to parameterize elliptic curves and they generate the field of elliptic functions with respect to a given period lattice.
Stow Hundred
Stow was a hundred of Suffolk, consisting of 22,710 acres (91.9 km2).

Stow Hundred a fertile and picturesque district in central Suffolk around seven miles (11 km) in length and breadth. It is bounded by Cosford, Bosmere and Claydon, Thedwestry, Blackbourn and Hartismere Hundreds. It is in the Deanery to which it gives name and was in the Archdeaconry of Sudbury until 1837 when it was added to the Archdeaconry of Suffolk, and is thus still in the Diocese of Norwich. It is watered by the River Gipping.

The word "stow" means place, as in "stow away", and the name of the hundred was probably derived from an old name for Stowmarket, the hundred's largest town.

Bosmere and Claydon Hundred
Bosmere and Claydon was a hundred of Suffolk, consisting of 31,850 acres (128.9 km2).

The hundred is a fertile and picturesque district varying from 8 to about 12 miles (19 km) in length and breadth. It is bounded on the south by the Borough of Ipswich and Samford Hundred, on the west by Cosford and Stow Hundreds on the north by Hartismere and Thredling Hundreds and on the east by Carlford Hundred. It falls in the Deaneries of Bosmere and Claydon in the Archdeaconry of Suffolk and Diocese of Norwich.

Its clay soil has long been associated with agriculture, and is suited to grain production. It is crossed by the River Gipping which becomes the River Orwell at Ipswich on becoming an estuary. Its main settlement is the town of Needham Market.

The hundred's name is taken from the parish of Claydon which falls within its bounds, and Bosmere, originally "Bosa's mere", a small lake near Needham Market in the grounds of Bosmere Hall.