hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Piedmont and Northern Railway
The Piedmont & Northern Railway (reporting mark PN) was a heavy electric interurban company operating over two disconnected divisions in North and South Carolina. Tracks spanned 128 miles (206 km) total between the two segments, with the northern division running 24 miles (39 km) from Charlotte, to Gastonia, North Carolina, including a three-mile (5 km) spur to Belmont. The southern division main line ran 89 miles (143 km) from Greenwood to Spartanburg, South Carolina, with a 12 mi (19 km) spur to Anderson. Initially the railroad was electrified at 1500 volts DC, however, much of the electrification was abandoned when dieselisation was completed in 1954.

Unlike similar interurban systems the Piedmont & Northern survived the Great Depression and was later absorbed into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1969. Although part of the railroad was abandoned between Greenwood and Honea Path and Belton to Anderson, much of the original system exists today as shortlines.

Seaboard Coast Line Railroad
The Seaboard Coast Line Railroad (reporting mark SCL) was a Class I railroad company operating in the Southeastern United States beginning in 1967. Its passenger operations were taken over by Amtrak in 1971. Eventually, the railroad was merged with its affiliate lines to create the Seaboard System in 1983.

At the end of 1970, SCL operated 9,230 miles of railroad, not including A&WP-Clinchfield-CN&L-GM-Georgia-L&N-Carrollton; that year it reported 31,293 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 512 million passenger-miles.
South Branch Penobscot River
The South Branch Penobscot River is a river in Somerset County, Maine. Its source, Penobscot lake, the north end of which at (45°47′34″N 70°24′36″W﻿ / ﻿45.7929°N 70.4099°W﻿ / 45.7929; -70.4099﻿ (South Branch Penobscot River source)) is about 1,000 feet (300 m) from the Canada–United States border in Sandy Bay (Maine Township 5, Range 3, NBKP). This section of the border runs along the height of land separating the watersheds of the Penobscot River and the Monument River, which feeds into the Saint Lawrence River.

The South Branch of the Penobscot River runs 39.0 miles (62.8 km) northeast through Canada Falls Lake to its drowned confluence with the North Branch of the Penobscot in Seboomook Lake in Pittston Academy Grant (T.2 R.4 NBKP).  The two rivers combine to form the West Branch Penobscot River, which flows east from the outlet of Seboomook Lake.

West Branch Penobscot River
The West Branch Penobscot River is a 117-mile-long (188 km) tributary of the  Penobscot River through the North Maine Woods in Maine.  The river is also known as Abocadneticook (Abenaki for  "stream narrowed by mountains"), Kahgognamock, and Kettegwewick (Abenaki for "place of the great stream").
Henry J. W. Dam
Henry Jackson Wells Dam (April 27, 1856 – April 26, 1906)  was a journalist and playwright. His story "The Red Mouse" was adapted for the film Her Silent Sacrifice. He wrote the words to the musical comedy The Shop Girl. He conducted the only interview ever given by Wilhelm Röntgen about his Röntgen rays (X-rays) in 1896. He also interviewed Guglielmo Marconi about his radio telegraph transmitter in 1897.

His work was published in McClure's Magazine, The Black Cat, and The Strand Magazine. He was also a playwright.

Dam traveled to London the cover the Jack the Ripper murders, and has been discussed as a possible author of some of the Jack the Ripper letters.

The Shop Girl
The Shop Girl was an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts (described by the author as a musical farce) written by Henry J. W. Dam, with lyrics by Dam and Adrian Ross and music by Ivan Caryll, and additional numbers by Lionel Monckton and Ross. It premiered at the Gaiety Theatre in London in 1894 and ran for an extremely successful 546 performances. Its cast included Seymour Hicks, George Grossmith Jr., Arthur Williams, Edmund Payne, and Ellaline Terriss. It soon played in New York and was successfully revived in London in 1920.
Denel Aeronautics
Denel Aeronautics is the aviation and aerospace division of the state-owned Denel corporation of South Africa. It is one of the successors of the South African aviation company Atlas Aircraft Corporation.

The division was created during 1992 following the acquisition and absorption of Atlas Aircraft into Denel. Initially named Denel Aviation, it was rebranded as Denel Aeronautics during 2017 following the reintegration of Denel Aerostructures.

The company manufactures the Rooivalk, a domestically-developed attack helicopter that had been developed by Atlas Aircraft; the company also provides support services for a wide range of aircraft, both of the former Atlas Aircraft's range and from numerous international manufacturers.

Denel Aeronautics is the dominant provider of aircraft maintenance and support services across various types operated by the South African Air Force; it also provides those services to other operators worldwide.

Denel
Denel SOC Ltd is a South African state-owned aerospace and military technology conglomerate established in 1992. It was created when the manufacturing subsidiaries of Armscor were split off in order for Armscor to become the procurement agency for the South African Defence Force (SADF), now known as the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), and the manufacturing divisions were grouped together under Denel as divisions. It is the largest of South Africa's state owned arms companies. The company had been experiencing major financial problems since 2015 and in 2021 it was announced in Parliament that Denel was on the brink of insolvency.  The company stated that its woes were due to declining local defence budgets, weakened relationships with key customers and suppliers, the inability to retain or attract skilled personnel, ongoing salary disputes and a Fitch ratings downgrade.
For all tid
For all tid (Norwegian: "For All Time") is the debut studio album by Norwegian symphonic black metal band Dimmu Borgir. It was released in 1995 through No Colours. It was remastered and re-released in 1997 through their new label Nuclear Blast with the front cover art in full color and the entire Inn i evighetens mørke EP added. It is the band's only studio album on which Shagrath is on drums, Tjodalv on guitar and Silenoz on vocals.

The artwork displayed on the front cover of the album is inspired by Gustave Doré's illustration of Camelot from Idylls of the King.

Tjodalv
Ian Kenneth Åkesson (born 1976), known professionally as Tjodalv, is a Norwegian drummer. He is a founding member of the black metal bands Dimmu Borgir and Old Man's Child. He now plays in Black Comedy and Susperia. Tjodalv played guitar on the first Dimmu Borgir albums Inn i evighetens mørke and For all tid. He then switched to drumming for them on Stormblåst and continued with this until 1999. Due to his family, he left Dimmu Borgir. He was replaced by Nick Barker, formerly of Cradle of Filth.

Shortly before leaving Dimmu Borgir, he founded the group Susperia, with whom he remains active to date.
Tidermène
Tidermène is a village and cercle in Ménaka Region of southeastern Mali. In the 2009 census it had a population of 5,816. Its area is approximately 29,000 square kilometers. It was previously a commune in Ménaka Cercle but was promoted to the status of a cercle when Ménaka Region was created in 2016. From 2001 to 2016 the commune of Alata was separated from Tidermène. On 12 April 2023, the town was seized by the Islamic State in the Sahel.

Ménaka Cercle
Ménaka Cercle is an administrative subdivision of Ménaka Region, Mali. Its administrative center is the town of Ménaka. Ménaka Cercle's population as of 2009 was 56,104 people. Ménaka is located in the middle of the Sahara Desert, along Wadi Ezgeuret and an ancient dry river valley of the Iullemmeden Basin. Its highest point, Mount Abourak, is located around 150 km to the north of the town of Ménaka. Most of the small population are nomadic Tuareg tribal populations; minorities include the Wodaabe Fula and sedentary Songhai people. The area is a traditional center of the Kel Dinnik Tuareg confederation, along with the town of Andéramboukane near the Nigerien border.
Bidhan Sarani
Bidhan Sarani (formerly known as Cornwallis Street) is a principal north–south thoroughfare in North Kolkata. It was named after the first Chief Minister of West Bengal, Bidhan Chandra Roy. The road starts from Shyambazar five-point crossing and extends up to MG Road crossing (Barna Parichay Market), after which the street continues as College Street towards the south. Bidhan Sarani encompasses the neighbourhoods of Shyambazar, Hatibagan and College Street.

College Street (Kolkata)
College Street (Bengali: কলেজ স্ট্রিট) is a 900 metre long street in Central Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. Also known as Boi Para (Bengali: বইপাড়া; lit. Book Town), it stretches from Bidhan Sarani road up to Bowbazar (before Nirmal Chandra Street) via MG Road  crossing and Surya Sen Street crossing. Its name derives from the presence of numerous colleges and universities like University of Calcutta, Calcutta Medical College, Presidency University, The Sanskrit College and University, City College of Commerce and Business Administration etc. The road houses many centres of intellectual activity especially the Indian Coffee House, a café that has attracted the city's intelligentsia for decades. College Street is the largest book market in India as well as Asia and the largest secondhand book market in the whole world.
The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans
The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans is a 1982 crossover comic book published by Marvel Comics. It was written by Chris Claremont and pencilled by Walt Simonson. It follows a team-up between two teams of superheroes:  Marvel's the X-Men, and the New Teen Titans of rival publisher DC Comics.

Walt Simonson
Walter Simonson (born September 2, 1946) is an American comic book writer and artist, best known for a run on Marvel Comics' Thor from 1983 to 1987, during which he created the character Beta Ray Bill. He is also known for the creator-owned work Star Slammers, which he inaugurated in 1972 as a Rhode Island School of Design thesis. He has also worked on other Marvel titles such as X-Factor and Fantastic Four, on DC Comics books including Detective Comics, Manhunter, Metal Men and Orion, and on licensed properties such as Star Wars, Alien, Battlestar Galactica and Robocop vs. Terminator.

Simonson has won numerous awards for his work and has influenced artists such as Arthur Adams and Todd McFarlane.

He is married to comics writer Louise Simonson, with whom he collaborated as penciller on X-Factor from 1986 to 1989.
Pat Barry (fighter)
Pat Barry (born July 7, 1979) is an American former professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer who competed as a heavyweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is particularly known for his low kicks.

Barry began practicing Sanda while a college student and won numerous titles at domestic and international level before joining K-1 in 2005 where he competed for two years, mostly as a participant on the promotion's North American events.

In 2008, he embarked on a career in MMA, winning his first three fights by knockout before signing a contract with the Ultimate Fighting Championship and competing in the promotion for the next five years as a Heavyweight, compiling a 5–7 record with only one of the matches going the distance. Barry retired from MMA in late 2013 and returned to kickboxing the following year, joining Glory. He is also the fiancé and training partner of former UFC Women's Strawweight Champion Rose Namajunas.

Low kick
A low kick (also known as a leg kick) is a kick in which the attacker strikes the opponent's lower body (thigh or calf) with the shinbone or foot. Under different names, such kicks are utilized in numerous martial arts, including as karate, taekwondo, kūdō, kickboxing, pradal serey, lethwei, Muay Thai, MMA, and various styles of kung fu.
Sun Odyssey 439
The Sun Odyssey 439 is a French sailboat that was designed by Philippe Briand as a cruiser and first built in 2011.

The boat shares a hull design with the Sun Odyssey 44 DS and was developed into the Sun Odyssey 449 in 2015.

Sun Odyssey 44 DS
The Sun Odyssey 44 DS (Deck Salon) is a French sailboat with a hull that was designed by Philippe Briand, deck and interior by Franck Darnet, Flahault Design and the Jeanneau Design Office. It was designed as a cruiser and first built in 2011.

The boat shares a hull design with the 2011 Sun Odyssey 439.
Sol Press
Sol Press was an American publishing company that focused on localizing Japanese visual novels, light novels, and manga. Located in Orange County, California, it was formed in 2017. In October 2021, it was prohibited from doing business in the state of California for non-payment of taxes.

The company had licensed ten visual novels, nine light novels, and six manga for release on the Steam and Kadokawa's BookWalker platforms.

BookWalker
BookWalker (ブックウォーカー), stylized as Book☆Walker and BOOK☆WALKER, is a Japanese e-book store that sells manga, light novels, and magazines from various publishers, as well as a few published by themselves. It is based in Chiyoda, Tokyo and was created by Kadokawa Corporation. The company was founded in 2005 before launching their store in Japan in 2010 and internationally in 2014, in which year a webtoon-focused mobile application counterpart, ComicWalker, was also launched.
String duality
String duality is a class of symmetries in physics that link different string theories, theories which assume that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are strings instead of point particles.

Heterotic string theory
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two kinds of heterotic superstring theories, the heterotic SO(32) and the heterotic E8 × E8, abbreviated to HO and HE. Apart from that there exist seven more heterotic string theories which are not supersymmetric and hence are only of secondary importance in most applications. Heterotic string theory was first developed in 1985 by David Gross, Jeffrey Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm (the so-called "Princeton string quartet"), in one of the key papers that fueled the first superstring revolution.
George McMahon (actor)
George McMahon (born 20 September 1985 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish actor.

He is known for his role as Jamie Custer in Custer's Last Stand-up, and for his role as Mondo O'Connell in Fair City.
McMahon's career began at the age of 14 when he joined the Independent Theatre Workshop and the Helen Jordan Stage School. He won reality television show Celebrity Farm in 2003. He donated the €50,000 prize fund to three charities of his choice which were The Bubblegum Club; the Children's Cancer Fund of Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children in Crumlin; and community-based voluntary organisation St. Michael's House, which cares for children and adults with learning disabilities.

Custer's Last Stand-up
Custer's Last Stand-Up is a BBC/RTÉ co-production television series which won the BAFTA for best British Children's Series in 2001. Among the actors who appeared in the series were George McMahon, Ciaran Nolan, Elaine Symons, Brian James Roche, Tom Hopkins and Deirdre Monaghan.

The show ran for two series of 26 episodes each and was created by Gail Renard who wrote the majority of the episodes. The directors of the show were Graeme Harper, Dearbhla Walsh and Dez McCarthy. The show was filmed at the RTÉ studios in Donnybrook and in Bray, County Wicklow. The first series was produced by Michael McGowan and the second series was produced by Ferdia McAnna. The executive producer was Elaine Sperber, then head of CBBC drama.
Ludwig Roselius
Ludwig Roselius (2 June 1874 – 15 May 1943) was a German coffee merchant and founder of the company Kaffee HAG.  He was born in Bremen and is credited with the development of commercial decaffeination of coffee.  As a patron, he supported artists like Paula Modersohn-Becker and Bernard Hoetger and turned the Böttcherstrasse street in Bremen into an artwork.

Böttcherstraße
Böttcherstraße is a street in the historic centre of Bremen, Germany. Only about 100 m (330 ft) long, it is famous for its unusual architecture and ranks among the city's main cultural landmarks and visitor attractions. Most of its buildings were erected between 1922 and 1931, primarily as a result of the initiative of Ludwig Roselius, a Bremen-based coffee-trader, who charged Bernhard Hoetger with the artistic supervision over the project. The street and its buildings are a rare example of an architectural ensemble belonging to a variant of the expressionist style. Several of the houses can be classed as Brick Expressionism. Since 1973, the ensemble has been protected by the Monument Protection Act.
GHC Tag Team Championship
The Global Honored Crown (GHC) Tag Team Championship (Japanese: GHCタッグ王座, Hepburn: GHC Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team title in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah. It was created on October 19, 2001, when Vader and Scorpio defeated Jun Akiyama and Akitoshi Saito in a tournament final. Though it is typically contested among heavyweights (>100 kg (220 lb; 16 st)), some junior heavyweights such as Naomichi Marufuji and Yoshinari Ogawa have held it in the past. It is currently one of two tag team titles in Noah, along with the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship (reserved for junior heavyweights).

Naomichi Marufuji
Naomichi Marufuji (丸藤正道, Marufuji Naomichi) (born September 26, 1979) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. Marufuji is a four-time GHC Heavyweight Champion, as well as the first of two men to win Junior Heavyweight Championships in all three major Japanese promotions (Minoru Tanaka is the other). In 2020, he was appointed to the position of Executive Vice President of CyberFight, the parent company of Noah. He also makes occasional appearances in other professional wrestling promotions including New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Ring of Honor (ROH), and Impact Wrestling.
Edgar Allen Poe (film)
Edgar Allen Poe  [sic] is a 1909 American silent drama film produced by the Biograph Company of New York and directed and co-written by D. W. Griffith. Herbert Yost stars in this short as the 19th-century American writer and poet Edgar Allan Poe, while Linda Arvidson portrays Poe's wife Virginia. When it was released in February 1909 and throughout its theatrical run, the film was consistently identified and advertised with Poe's middle name misspelled in its official title, using an "e" instead of the correct second "a". The short was also originally shipped to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single reel that accommodated more than one film. This 450-foot drama shared its reel with another Biograph short, the 558-foot comedy A Wreath in Time. Prints of both films survive.

A Wreath in Time
A Wreath in Time is a 1909 American silent comedy film written and directed by D. W. Griffith, produced by the Biograph Company of New York City, and co-starring Mack Sennett and Florence Lawrence. At its release in February 1909, the short was distributed to theaters on a "split reel", which was a single reel that accommodated more than one film. A Wreath in Time shared its reel with another Biograph short also directed by Griffith, the drama Edgar Allen Poe  [sic]. Original paper rolls of contact prints of both motion pictures, as well as safety-stock copies of the two films, are preserved in the Library of Congress.
Ellerslie, New Zealand
Ellerslie is a suburb of the city of Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand. Ellerslie lies seven kilometres to the southeast of the city centre, close to State Highway 1.

Administratively, Ellerslie forms part of the Ōrākei Local Board, which also includes the suburbs of Orakei, Mission Bay, Kohimarama, Saint Heliers, Glendowie, St Johns, Meadowbank and Remuera. To the west, Ellerslie borders on the One Tree Hill area and Cornwall Park. Largely a residential suburb, the area is arguably best-known as the site of Auckland's main horse-racing venue, Ellerslie Racecourse, as well as the original site of the Ellerslie Flower Show. (From 2008 the Flower Show moved to Christchurch in the South Island.)

St Heliers
St Heliers is a seaside suburb of Auckland with a population of 11,760 as of June 2025.

St Heliers is located at the eastern end of Tamaki Drive, and used to be the place where the Tamaki estuary formally divided Auckland from Manukau City, until the entire Auckland region was amalgamated under a single city authority, the Auckland Council, in 2010. Local government of St Heliers is the responsibility of the Ōrākei Local Board, which also covers the suburbs of Ōrākei, Kohimarama, Mission Bay, Glendowie, St Johns, Meadowbank, Remuera and Ellerslie.
2020 Toronto Centre federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of Toronto Centre in Ontario on October 26, 2020, following the resignation of incumbent Liberal MP and Minister of Finance Bill Morneau. After 5 years in Parliament, and as many years as finance minister, Morneau resigned both positions on August 17, 2020, to seek the position of secretary-general of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in the wake of the WE Charity scandal.

The seat was held for the Liberals by journalist Marci Ien on a much reduced majority, as a result of the scandal and a strong campaign fought by Annamie Paul, the new Leader of the Green Party. The Greens finished with a historic high share of the vote in the riding.

It was held on the same day as the by-election in nearby York Centre.

2020 York Centre federal by-election
A by-election was held in the federal riding of York Centre in Ontario on October 26, 2020 following the resignation of incumbent Liberal MP Michael Levitt after 5 years in Parliament. The seat was held for the Liberals by businesswoman Ya'ara Saks, albeit on a much reduced majority. People's Party of Canada leader Maxime Bernier ran in this election to attempt to gain his party's first seat in Parliament (after having lost his seat in Beauce - the party's only seat - to the Conservatives in the 2019 election), to little success, winning just several hundred votes.

It was held on the same day as the by-election in nearby Toronto Centre.
On Approval (1930 film)
On Approval is a 1930 British comedy film directed by and starring Tom Walls and also featuring Yvonne Arnaud, Winifred Shotter and Robertson Hare, the same artistes responsible for the Aldwych farces. It was based on the play On Approval by Frederick Lonsdale, as was the 1944 film On Approval.

It was made at British and Dominion's Elstree Studios with sets designed by Lawrence P. Williams.

The 1932  book "The Face of London" by Harold Clunn Pub. Simpkin Marshall, features, opposite page 224, a picture, probably taken in Aug. or Sept. 1930, of the New Victoria Picture Theatre, Vauxhall Bridge Road. Displayed in large letters is ON APPROVAL the film being presented by the cinema at that time.

On Approval (1944 film)
On Approval is a 1944 British romantic comedy film, produced, directed and cowritten by Clive Brook. The film stars Brook, Beatrice Lillie, Googie Withers and Roland Culver. It is the second film adaptation of the play On Approval by Frederick Lonsdale; the first was a 1930 film of the same name.

In writing the screenplay, Brook remained close to Lonsdale's play but changed its timeframe from the early 1920s to the late Victorian era, when the concept would have been much more shocking.
Robert Jephson Jones
Brigadier Robert Llewellyn Jephson Jones, GC (7 April 1905 – 27 October 1985) was a British Army officer and a recipient of the George Cross. Along with Lieutenant Bill Eastman, he was awarded the George Cross for incredible courage in dealing with some 275 unexploded bombs on the island of Malta during the Second World War.

Bill Eastman
Brigadier William Marsden Eastman, GC (26 October 1911 – 8 April 1980) was a British Army officer who was awarded the George Cross for bomb disposal work between June and November 1940 on the island of Malta.