hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oryza brachyantha
Oryza brachyantha is a grass in the rice genus Oryza, distantly related to cultivated rice O. sativa, and native to tropical Africa. It is an annual grass that grows as a tuft.

The genome of O. brachyantha has been sequenced.

Oryza
Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 1–2 metres (3–7 ft) tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.

Oryza is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In Oryza, two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae,  a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.

One species, Asian rice (O. sativa), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus.
Stourbridge Junction railway station
Stourbridge Junction is one of two railway stations serving the town of Stourbridge, in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. It lies on the Birmingham to Worcester via Kidderminster Line and is the junction for the Stourbridge Town Branch Line, said to be the shortest operational branch line in Europe. The other station serving Stourbridge is Stourbridge Town at the end of the branch line.

Stourbridge
Stourbridge (/ˈstaʊərbrɪdʒ/) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley in the West Midlands, England. Situated on the River Stour, the town lies around 11 miles (18 kilometres) west of Birmingham,
at the southwestern edge of the Black Country conurbation. Historically in Worcestershire, it was the centre of British glass making during the Industrial Revolution. The 2021 UK census recorded the town's population as 56,950.
Kasperi, Seinäjoki
Kasperi is a district and a suburb (lähiö) of Seinäjoki, Finland. It is located about four kilometers to the southeast from the city center. Kasperi is a part of the Kasperi ward, which also includes the eastern Kivistö and Hallilanvuori sub-districts. Local services include a school, a supermarket, a pub and a dentist office.

In 2022, the population of Kasperi (including Hallilanvuori) was 3,759.

Kivistö (Seinäjoki)
Kivistö is a district of Seinäjoki, Finland. It is located about three kilometers to the southeast from the city center. The population of Kivistö was 3,069 in 2022. The western Kivistö is a part of the Kantakaupunki ward and the eastern Kivistö is a part of the Kasperi ward. Local services include a school, a convenience store and a pub.
Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67
The Rural Municipality of Weyburn No. 67 (2016 population: 1,064) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 2 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.

Division No. 2, Saskatchewan
Division No. 2 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-southeastern part of the province, on the United States border. The most populous community in this division is Weyburn.
Guy of Boulogne
Guy of Boulogne (1313 – 25 November 1373) was a statesman and cardinal who served the Avignon Papacy for 33 years. He participated in the papal conclaves of 1352, 1362 and 1370, and was the Subdean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. His diplomatic postings were extensive, including Hungary, Italy, and Spain.  He headed an effort to end the Hundred Years' War.  The historian Kenneth Setton called him "one of the commanding figures of his day, and the letters of Petrarch abound with references to him".

Antipope Clement VII
Robert of Geneva (French: Robert de Genève; 1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Clement VII (French: Clément VII) by the cardinals who opposed Pope Urban VI and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism.

The son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, Robert became Archbishop of Cambrai and was made a cardinal in 1371. As legate, during the War of the Eight Saints, he is said to have authorized the massacre of over 2,000 civilians at Cesena in 1377. He was elected pope the following year by the cardinals who opposed Urban VI and established himself at Avignon.
Disposition index
The Disposition index (DI) is a measure for the loop gain of the insulin-glucose feedback control system. It is defined as the product of insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. "Metabolically healthy" Insulin resistant individuals can maintain normal responses to blood glucose due to the fact that higher levels of insulin are secreted as long as the beta cells of the pancreas are able to increase their output of insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance. But the ratio of the incremental increase in plasma insulin associated with an incremental increase in plasma glucose (disposition index) provides a better measure of beta cell function than the plasma insulin response to a glucose challenge. Loss of function of the beta cells, reducing their capacity to compensate for insulin resistance, results in a lower disposition index.

SPINA-GBeta
SPINA-GBeta is a calculated biomarker for pancreatic beta cell function. It represents the maximum amount of insulin that beta cells can produce per time-unit (e.g. in one second).

The method of calculation is based on a time-discrete nonlinear feedback model of insulin-glucose homeostasis that is rooted in the MiMe-NoCoDI modeling platform for endocrine systems.
Paraquilegia uniflora
Paraquilegia uniflora is a species of perennial flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. Its range spans Tajikistan to the mountainous border between Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. It is a cushion plant with flowers that are blue or creamy white.

Paraquilegia
Paraquilegia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. The genus was segregated out from the genus Isopyrum in 1920 by British botanists James Ramsay Drummond and John Hutchinson. The native range of the genus is temperate central Asia.: 47–48

Despite the genus encompassing a relatively small number of taxa, there has been significant disagreement among taxonomic authorities regarding how many Paraquilegia species there are and what they are named.: 49

In cultivation, Paraquilegia are grown by rock gardeners. The plants are notably difficult to grow. While significant quantities of seeds have entered the horticultural trade from the Himalayas and western China, relatively few plants have been successfully grown in cultivation. Seeds lose viability rapidly and can take years to germinate. Plants grown in clay pans and tufa have been noted as particularly successful.
Colossal statue of Amenhotep III and Tiye
The colossal statue of Amenhotep III and Tiye is a monolith group statue of Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III of the eighteenth dynasty, his Great Royal Wife Tiye, and their daughter Princess Henuttaneb, mostly intact, along with two other daughters, partially destroyed and not visible in this image. It is the largest known dyad ever carved. The statue originally stood in Medinet Habu, Western Thebes; today it is the centerpiece of the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

Amenhotep III
Amenhotep III  (lit. '"Amun is satisfied"'), also known as Amenhotep the Magnificent or Amenhotep the Great and Hellenized as Amenophis III, was the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology", he ruled Ancient Egypt from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC, after his father Thutmose IV died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, Mutemwiya.

His reign marked a time of exceptional prosperity and grandeur, during which Egypt reached the height of its artistic and international influence, making him one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs. He is also one of the few pharaohs worshipped as a deity during his lifetime.

When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign, he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaten.
Carnia
Carnia (Friulian: Cjargne or Cjargna/Cjargno in local variants, Venetian: Ciargna, German: Karnien, Slovene: Karnija) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli. Its 27 municipalities all belong to the province of Udine, which itself is part of the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.

Friuli
Friuli (Italian: [friˈuːli]; Friulian: Friûl [fɾiˈuːl] ⓘ; Venetian: Friul or Friułi; Slovene: Furlanija; Austrian German: Friaul) is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the administrative provinces of Udine, Pordenone, and Gorizia, excluding Trieste.
Topical anesthetic
A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part. They can be used to numb any area of the skin as well as the front of the eyeball, the inside of the nose, ear or throat, the anus and the genital area. Topical anesthetics are available in creams, ointments, aerosols, sprays, lotions, and jellies. Examples include benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, lidocaine, oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proxymetacaine (proparacaine), and tetracaine (also named amethocaine).

Pramocaine
Pramocaine (INN and BAN, also known as pramoxine or pramoxine HCl) is a topical anesthetic discovered at Abbott Laboratories in 1953 and used as an antipruritic. During research and development, pramocaine hydrochloride stood out among a series of alkoxy aryl alkamine ethers as an especially good topical local anesthetic agent. Pharmacologic study revealed it to be potent and of low acute and subacute toxicity, well tolerated by most mucous membranes and of a low sensitizing index in humans. Like other local anesthetics, pramocaine decreases the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions, blocking both initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. Depolarization and repolarization of excitable neural membranes is thus inhibited, leading to numbness. Notably, pramocaine is chemically distinct from other local anesthetics, being neither an amino amide nor an amino ester.
Brown Sugar (Rolling Stones song)
"Brown Sugar" is a song recorded by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. Written primarily by Mick Jagger, it is the opening track and lead single from their ninth studio album, Sticky Fingers (1971). It became a number one hit in both the United States and Canada. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it charted at number two. In the United States, Billboard ranked it as the number 16 song for 1971.

Rolling Stone ranked it number 495 on its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2010, number 490 in 2004, and at number five on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time.

The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972
The Rolling Stones American Tour 1972, also known as the "Stones Touring Party", shortened to S.T.P.,  was a much-publicized and much-written-about concert tour of the United States and Canada in June and July 1972 by the Rolling Stones. Constituting the band's first performances in the United States following the Altamont Free Concert in December 1969, critic Dave Marsh would later write that the tour was "part of rock and roll legend" and one of the "benchmarks of an era."
Woodside railway station, Wellington Region
Woodside railway station is a rural railway station located in the Wellington region, 5 km west of and serving Greytown, New Zealand. The station is located on the Wairarapa Line, 65.1 km (40.5 mi) north of Wellington and 25.9 km (16.1 mi) south of Masterton. The Wairarapa Connection serves the station several times daily with services to Wellington and Masterton, by the Wairarapa Connection.

The station building has in recent years been restored by the Woodside Station Preservation Society.

Greytown, New Zealand
Greytown (Māori: Hūpēnui), is a rural town in the South Wairarapa District in the lower North Island of New Zealand. It is 77 km (48 mi) by road north-east of Wellington and 24 km (15 mi) southwest of Masterton, travelling via State Highway 2.
Spanish heraldry
The tradition and art of heraldry first appeared in Spain at about the beginning of the eleventh century AD and its origin was similar to other European countries: the need for knights and nobles to distinguish themselves from one another on the battlefield, in jousts and in tournaments. Knights wore armor from head to toe and were often in leadership positions, so it was essential to be able to identify them on the battlefield.

Coat of arms of Puerto Rico
The coat of arms of Puerto Rico was first granted by the Spanish Crown on November 8, 1511, making it the oldest heraldic achievement in use in the Americas. The territory was seized from Spain and ceded to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Paris that put an end to the Spanish–American War in 1899, after which two interim arms were adopted briefly. A law was passed in 1905 that reestablished the historical armorial bearings as the arms of the territory. Then in 1976, after numerous investigations and amendments, the current version was adopted.
Crosio della Valle
Crosio della Valle is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Milan and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 604 and an area of 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 sq mi).

Crosio della Valle borders the following municipalities: Azzate, Casale Litta, Daverio, Mornago, Sumirago.

Mornago
Mornago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about 45 km northwest of Milan and about 10 km southwest of Varese. It has a population of 5011 inhabitants and an area of 12  km².

Mornago contains the frazione (subdivision) of Crugnola, Montonate and Vinago, and borders the municipalities of Arsago Seprio, Besnate, Casale Litta, Crosio della Valle, Sumirago and Vergiate.
Payam (administrative division)
A payam is the second-lowest administrative division, below counties, in South Sudan. Payams are required to have a minimum population of 25,000. They are further subdivided into a variable number of bomas. As of 2017, South Sudan has 540 payams and 2500 bomas.

The unit of administration was introduced by the SPLM/A and formalized at the National Convention of New Sudan. The equivalent unit in neighboring Kenya and Uganda is sub-county.

Boma (administrative division)
A boma is a lowest-level administrative division, below payams, in South Sudan. Equivalent fifth-level divisions elsewhere are described as village, block or ward. As of 2009, South Sudan's 514 payams have an average of 4.2 bomas each.  Bomas vary in size and typically contain many individual villages.  The term boma originated from the town of Boma in Jonglei, the first place captured by the Sudan People's Liberation Army at the start of its 1983 insurgency.
George Serhan
George Serhan (born 30 June 1954) is an Australian professional golfer. Serhan was a full-time pro on the PGA Tour of Australasia from the mid-1970s through the mid-1990s. Although he won a number of minor tournaments in the Australasian region he is best remembered for winning his home state's open, the New South Wales Open, in 1980. It was his only official win on the PGA Tour of Australasia.

Fiji Open
The Fiji Open is a professional golf tournament played in Fiji. It was inaugurated in 1970 as a 54-hole stroke play tournament sponsored by Air New Zealand. During the first event there were 40 players. It has been a 72-hole tournament since the second edition in 1971. In 1973, a full-field of 162 players entered the tournament. As of 1976, it was the second of five events "South Pacific circuit."

Since 2015, the winner and the leading Fijian have been rewarded with entry into the Fiji International.
Daimon Station (Tokyo)
Daimon Station (大門駅, Daimon-eki) is a subway station in Minato, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo subway operator Toei Subway. The station is named after the Shiba Daimon or Great Gate of Shiba, located just west of the station on the road leading to the temple of Zōjō-ji.

Daimon is adjacent to Hamamatsuchō Station, which is served by JR East and the Tokyo Monorail. On the Toei lines, Daimon is called "Daimon Hamamatsucho" in certain automated announcements. The Oedo Line station, which occupies most of the space between the Asakusa Line and the JR lines, was initially planned to be called "Hamamatsucho", but ultimately adopted the name of the existing Asakusa Line station.

Hamamatsuchō Station
35°39′19″N 139°45′27″E﻿ / ﻿35.655230°N 139.757627°E﻿ / 35.655230; 139.757627

Hamamatsuchō Station (浜松町駅, Hamamatsuchō-eki) is a railway station in Hamamatsuchō, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Tokyo Monorail.
GMMTV
GMMTV (Thai: จีเอ็มเอ็มทีวี) is a television production and talent agent subsidiary to the Thai entertainment conglomerate GMM Grammy, under The One Enterprise, which produces television shows, songs, and music videos. It was founded on August 3, 1995. Sataporn Panichraksapong is the company's chief executive officer.

Tachakorn Boonlupyanun
Tachakorn Boonlupyanun (Thai: ทัชชกร บุญลัภยานันท์; born 2 September 1985), nicknamed Godji (Thai: ก๊อตจิ), is a Thai actress, television host, producer, and creative director affiliated with GMMTV. She gained prominence as a co-host of the long-running travel and lifestyle show Toey Tiew Thai (2011–2023) and Jen Jud God Jig. Beyond hosting, she has produced and directed various television programs, including High School Reunion and School Rangers. As an actress, she is recognized for her roles in Club Friday Season 9: Rak Nok Wela (2017), Drag, I Love You (2022), and 23.5 (2024), where she portrayed Nida, a trans sapphic teacher.
Končulj
Končulj (Serbian Cyrillic: Кончуљ; Albanian: Konçul) is a village located in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1,306 people, entirely composed of ethnic Albanians. There is administrative border crossing between central Serbia and Kosovo near Končulj.

Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac
The Liberation Army of Preševo, Medveđa and Bujanovac (LAPMB; Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Preshevës, Medvegjës dhe Bujanocit, UÇPMB; Serbian: Ослободилачка војска Прешева, Медвеђе и Бујановца, ОВПМБ, romanized: Oslobodilačka vojska Preševa, Medveđe i Bujanovca, OVPMB) was an Albanian militant insurgent group fighting for separation from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for three municipalities: Preševo, Medveđa, and Bujanovac, home to most of the Albanians in south Serbia, adjacent to Kosovo. Of the three municipalities, two have an ethnic Albanian majority, while Medveđa has a significant minority of them.

The UÇPMB's uniforms, procedures and tactics mirrored those of the then freshly disbanded Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The 1,500-strong paramilitary launched an insurgency in the Preševo Valley from 1999 to 2001, with the goal of joining these municipalities to Kosovo. The EU condemned what it described as the "extremism" and use of "illegal terrorist actions" by the group.
Seson-ji
Seson-ji (世尊寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Hiso neighborhood of the town of  Ōyodo, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It belongs to the  Sōtō school of Japanese Zen and its honzon is a statue of Amida Nyorai. Founded by Prince Shōtoku, it is 7th of the Historical Sites of Prince Shōtoku and the temple precincts have been designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1927.

Ōyodo, Nara
Ōyodo (大淀町, Ōyodo-chō) is a town located in Yoshino District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 October 2024, the town had an estimated population of 15,856 in 7364 households, and a population density of 420 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 38.10 km2 (14.71 sq mi).
Cotswold Canals Trust
The Cotswold Canals Trust is a British registered charity that aims to protect and restore the Stroudwater Navigation and the Thames and Severn Canal. Formed in 1972, the organisation has a goal to restore navigability on the two waterways between Saul Junction and the River Thames. Since then, it has overseen restoration of the waterways, with many bridges, locks, and cuttings being rebuilt and reinstated.

Brimscombe and Thrupp
Brimscombe and Thrupp (grid reference SO862032) is a civil parish made up of the villages of Thrupp and Brimscombe, in the narrow Frome Valley slightly south-east of Stroud, Gloucestershire, England. The parish also includes the hamlets of Quarhouse and The Heavens. The population taken at the 2011 census was 1,830.
Goathland Bank Top railway station
Goathland Bank Top was a short lived, early, railway station in Goathland, North Yorkshire, England.  The station at the top of the Beckhole Incline (sometimes referred to as the Goathland Incline) was opened with the opening throughout of the Whitby and Pickering Railway (W&P) on Thursday 26 May 1836. The station closed with the opening of the NER's Deviation line (which bypassed the by then anachronistic cable worked incline) on 1 July 1865. Thus, the station had a life of less than thirty years.
A new Goathland station (initially called Goathland Mill to distinguish it from the earlier station) was opened on the deviation line.

Goathland
Goathland is a village  and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, it is in the North York Moors national park due north of Pickering, off the A169 to Whitby. It has a station on the steam-operated North Yorkshire Moors Railway line.

In 2015, it had an estimated population of 430.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
Umbumbulu
Umbumbulu is a town in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

The township lies near the junction of the M30 (to Umlazi) and R603 (to Kingsburgh and Umlaas Road) about 45 km south-west of Durban and 19 km from the Indian Ocean. Derived from Zulu, the name is said to mean place of the round knoll. Umbumbulu is a rural area, bordered by Madundube on the north-east, and the farming community of Mid-Illovo on the south. In the 1970s and 1980s it was a scene of a local conflict, which saw hundreds murdered, and thousands dislocated. It has since become a picture of serene rural living.

The main river running through Umbumbulu is the Ntinyane River, and it is infamous as the site where a clergyman was swept away by the floods in the 1980s, his body never retrieved to this day.

Umlazi
Umlazi is a township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, located south-west of Durban. Organisationally and administratively it forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and its South Municipal Planning Region.

It is the fourth largest township in South Africa, after Soweto, Tembisa and Katlehong. Prior to 1 December 2023, Umlazi was the only township in the country that had its own registration plate, which was NUZ. It is divided into 26 sections, A through to Z, with the exception of I, O and X, but with an addition of AA, BB and CC.