hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Universal Darwinism
Universal Darwinism, also known as generalized Darwinism, universal selection theory, or Darwinian metaphysics, is a variety of approaches that extend the theory of Darwinism beyond its original domain of biological evolution on Earth. Universal Darwinism aims to formulate a generalized version of the mechanisms of variation, selection and heredity proposed by Charles Darwin, so that they can apply to explain evolution in a wide variety of other domains, including psychology, linguistics, economics, culture, medicine, computer science, and physics.

Examples of patterns that have been postulated to undergo variation and selection, and thus adaptation, are genes, ideas (memes), theories, technologies, neurons and their connections, words, computer programs, firms, antibodies, institutions, law and judicial systems, quantum states and even whole universes.

Evolutionary epistemology
Evolutionary epistemology refers to three distinct topics: (1) the biological evolution of cognitive mechanisms in animals and humans, (2) a theory that knowledge itself evolves by natural selection, and (3) the study of the historical discovery of new abstract entities such as abstract number or abstract value that necessarily precede the individual acquisition and usage of such abstractions. As a branch of inquiry in epistemology, evolutionary epistemology lies at the crossroads of philosophy and evolutionary biology.
Georges Bauquier
Georges Bauquier (31 March 1910 - 2 April 1997) was a French painter.

He was a studio assistant to Fernand Léger, the French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker, and after the latter's death he and Léger's widow Nadia built and opened the musée Fernand-Léger in Biot, dedicated to Léger's work, which became a national museum in 1969 and of which he was director until 1993.

Nadia Khodasevich Léger
Nadia Khodasevich (Grabowski) Léger (Belarusian: Надзе́я Пятро́ўна Хадасе́віч-Лежэ́. Russian: Надежда Петровна Ходасевич-Леже) (23 September 1904 – 7 November 1982) was a French-Belarusian artist.  She was the first wife of Polish painter Stanisław Grabowski and the second wife of French artist Fernand Léger. The Russian form of her name can be transliterated as Nadezhda Khodasevich or Khodassevich or Khodasievitch; and from the Polish form, Wanda Chodasiewicz.
Memphis & Arkansas Bridge
The Memphis & Arkansas Bridge, also known as the Memphis–Arkansas Bridge or inaccurately as the Memphis–Arkansas Memorial Bridge, is a cantilevered through truss bridge carrying Interstate 55 across the Mississippi River between West Memphis, Arkansas and Memphis, Tennessee. Memphians refer to this bridge as the "Old Bridge" to distinguish it from the "New Bridge", or Hernando de Soto Bridge, upstream.

The Memphis & Arkansas Bridge also carries U.S. Route 61 (US 61), US 64, US 70, US 78, and US 79 from Memphis to West Memphis; it also carried US 63 prior to its truncation (and later rerouting) in Arkansas. The western terminus of Tennessee State Route 1 (SR 1) sits on the Tennessee–Arkansas boundary halfway across the bridge.

Opened in 1949, the bridge is currently the oldest bridge on the Interstate Highway System in Tennessee and Arkansas. It is currently planned to be replaced with a larger and wider bridge, starting in 2026.

U.S. Route 63
U.S. Route 63 (US 63) is a 1,286-mile (2,070 km), north–south United States Highway primarily in the Midwestern and Southern United States. The southern terminus of the route is at Interstate 20 (I-20) in Ruston, Louisiana; the northern terminus is at US 2 eight miles (13 km) west of Ashland, Wisconsin.
Vestfossen
Vestfossen is a village in the municipality of Øvre Eiker in the county of Buskerud, Norway. For the purposes of Statistics Norway, the settlement is an urban area.

Vestfossen is a former industrial city with traditions dating back to the 16th century. As of 2008 Vestfossen had a population of 2,867 according to Statistics Norway.

Øvre Eiker
Øvre Eiker is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Eiker.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hokksund.  The old municipality of Eiker was divided into Øvre Eiker (upper Eiker) and Nedre Eiker (lower) on 1 July 1885.

As of 2015, more employees worked for the [municipal] government and in the service sector, than in any other field of employment; even fewer—16 %—are employed in construction or in [electrical] power companies and water companies; [13%] work in the manufacturing sector.
Tetrahedron packing
In geometry, tetrahedron packing is the problem of arranging identical regular tetrahedra throughout three-dimensional space so as to fill the maximum possible fraction of space.

Currently, the best lower bound achieved on the optimal packing fraction of regular tetrahedra is 85.63%. Tetrahedra do not tile space, and an upper bound below 100% (namely, 1 − (2.6...)·10−25) has been reported.

Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.
Battuda
Battuda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 km southwest of Milan and about 11 km northwest of Pavia.

Battuda borders the following municipalities: Marcignago, Rognano, Trivolzio, Trovo, Vellezzo Bellini.

Trovo
Trovo (Lombard: Tröv) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region of Lombardy, about 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Milan and 14 km (8.7 mi) northwest of Pavia.

Trovo borders the following municipalities: Battuda, Bereguardo, Casorate Primo, Motta Visconti, Rognano, Trivolzio, Vernate.
British Rail Class 159
The British Rail Class 159 is a class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) passenger trains of the Sprinter grouping, built in 1989–1992 by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL)'s Derby Litchurch Lane Works as Class 158. Before entering traffic, the original 22 units were modified at Rosyth Dockyard to Class 159 to operate services on the West of England Main Line, replacing various locomotive-hauled passenger trains. The units were originally branded by Network SouthEast as South Western Turbo.

Sprinter (British Rail)
The Sprinter is a name given to several classes of diesel multiple unit trains in use on the British railway system. They were built in the 1980s and early 1990s by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL), Metro-Cammell and Leyland. Sprinters operate in almost every part of Great Britain, from rural branch lines to commuter expresses into major cities.

The group includes Class 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158 and 159. Most have Cummins engines with Voith hydraulic transmissions, although 47 Class 158 units have Perkins engines instead.

Originally British Rail coined the Sprinter name for the units, mainly to promote the superior acceleration capabilities of the units compared with the first-generation diesel multiple units (DMUs) that they replaced. Advertisements such as "The Sprinters are coming" were advertised locally in newspapers when these trains were scheduled to be introduced. Great play was also made of, in many cases, reduced journey times.
Kitadaitō, Okinawa
Kitadaitō (北大東村, Kitadaitō-son) is a village consisting of the islands of Kitadaitōjima and Okidaitōjima of Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 2016, the village has an estimated population of 615 and a density of 47 persons per km2. The total area is 13.10  km2. All of the inhabitants live on Kitadaitōjima.

Kitadaitōjima
Kitadaitōjima (北大東島), also spelled as Kita Daitō, Kita-Daitō-shima, and Kitadaitō, is the northernmost island in the Daitō Islands group, located in the Philippine Sea southeast of Okinawa, Japan. It is administered as part of the village of Kitadaitō, Shimajiri District, Okinawa. The island is entirely cultivated for agriculture. The island has no beaches but has a fishing harbor, three ferry docks and an airport (Kitadaito Airport) (airport code "KTD") for local flights.
Boonea kinpana
Boonea kinpana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of eleven species within the Boonea genus of gastropods.

Boonea
Boonea is a small genus of small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks.

This genus is currently placed in the subfamily Odostomiinae, of the family Pyramidellidae (according to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)).
Alexandria Town Hall
The Alexandria Town Hall is a heritage-listed town hall located in Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia. It stands at 73 Garden Street. It was built in 1880–81 in the Victorian architectural style by Ferdinand Reuss Snr. Significant alterations which changed the facade to an Inter-War Free Classical style were completed in 1928 by architects D. T. Morrow and Gordon. The Town Hall was the seat of Alexandria Municipal Council from 1881 to 1948 and since 1948 has been a branch library, community centre and council depot for the City of Sydney and the South Sydney councils.

Municipality of Alexandria
The Municipality of Alexandria was a local government area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Originally part of the municipalities of Redfern from 1859 and Waterloo from 1860, the Borough of Alexandria was proclaimed on 27 August 1868. With an area of 4.2 square kilometres, it included the modern suburbs of Alexandria, Beaconsfield and parts of Eveleigh, St Peters and Erskineville. After a minor boundary change with the Municipality of Erskineville in 1908, the council was amalgamated with the City of Sydney, along with most of its neighbours, with the passing of the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948, although the former council area was later transferred in 1968–1982 and 1989–2004 to the South Sydney councils.
Kevin MacLeod
Kevin MacLeod (/məˈklaʊd/ mə-KLOWD; born 1972) is an American composer and music producer. Described by The New York Times as "arguably the most prolific composer you've never heard of", MacLeod has composed over 2,000 pieces of royalty-free library music and made them available under a Creative Commons (CC BY) copyright license. One of his compositions, "Monkeys Spinning Monkeys", is among the most played on TikTok; from January through June 2021, it was played over 31.6 billion times.

The wide availability and freeness of his work have made it featured in thousands of films and millions of videos on YouTube. These include Martin Scorsese's 2011 film Hugo. As of 2017, his music is featured on one of the live feeds from the International Space Station, Earth From Space. A documentary charting his career, Royalty Free: The Music of Kevin MacLeod, was released in 2020.

Production music
Production music (also known as stock music or library music) is recorded music that can be licensed to customers for use in film, television, radio and other media. Often, the music is produced and owned by production music libraries.
Hypoglossal nucleus
The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus, found within the medulla. Being a motor nucleus, it is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone, a raised area (medial to the vagal trigone) protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle.

The hypoglossal nucleus is located between the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the midline of the medulla. Axons from the hypoglossal nucleus pass anteriorly through the medulla forming the hypoglossal nerve which exits between the pyramid and olive in a groove called the anterolateral sulcus.

The hypoglossal nucleus plays an important role in maintaining airway patency.

Hypoglossal trigone
In the upper part of the medulla oblongata, the hypoglossal nucleus approaches the rhomboid fossa, where it lies close to the middle line, under an eminence named the hypoglossal trigone. It is a slight elevation in the floor of the inferior recess of the fourth ventricle, beneath which is the nucleus of origin of the twelfth cranial nerve.
Stein am Rhein railway station
Stein am Rhein railway station (German: Bahnhof Stein am Rhein) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen and the municipality Stein am Rhein. The station is situated on the opposite (southern) bank of the Rhine to the historic centre of the town, a walk of some 500 m (1,600 ft). It is located on the Lake line (German: Seelinie), which links Schaffhausen with Rorschach.

The station is close to the Untersee (Lake Constance), and the Werd islands.

Stein am Rhein
Stein am Rhein (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪn am ˈraɪn], lit. 'Stein on the Rhine'; abbreviated as Stein a. R.) is a historic town and a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is located at the outfall of Lower Lake Constance on the High Rhine river, about halfway between the town of Schaffhausen and the city of Konstanz.

The town's medieval centre retains the ancient street plan. The site of the city wall, and the city gates are preserved, though the former city wall now consists of houses. The medieval part of the town has been pedestrianised and many of the medieval buildings are painted with frescoes.
Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League
The Tri-State Collegiate Hockey League (TSCHL) is an ACHA Division II level ice hockey league. ACHA Division II level consists of players with previous Jr. A, AAA or Midget Major experience, along with high caliber high school experience. The level can range from varsity high school up to NCAA Division III skills, depending on the programs.

Atlantic Coast Collegiate Hockey League
The Atlantic Coast Collegiate Hockey League (ACCHL) is a non-NCAA collegiate ice hockey league in the mid-atlantic and southeast regions of the United States. The Mission of the ACC Hockey League is to provide student-athletes an option to compete in organized intercollegiate ice hockey without the high expenses of NCAA level hockey.

All teams in Men's Division I compete out of the ACHA. All teams in Men's Division II compete out of the ACHA Southeast Region in Division II with some being dual within Division II of the AAU. All teams in the Women's Division compete out of the ACHA Southeast Region in Division II. All teams in Men's Division II 'A' compete in the AAU as part of the Division III level with some being dual within Division III of the ACHA. All teams in Men's Division III compete in the AAU as part of the FED Division. Mike "Sheriff" Walley is the current executive director of the league.
Yirrkala Church Panels
The Yirrkala Church Panels are important works of art created by various Yolŋu artists for the new church on the Methodist mission at Yirrkala, on the Gove Peninsula in western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, which opened in June 1963. The two painted panels, comprising the creation stories of the various Yolŋu peoples in the area, are a rare example of traditional religions being integrated into a Christian church. Their historical significance lies in the collaboration of a number of Yolŋu artists from the various clans in the region to produce the panels as assertion of their sovereignty, in the face of a mining project which would take their land without consultation. They were therefore also political art, and preceded the Yirrkala bark petitions, which were presented to the Australian Parliament in August 1963. The church panels are now housed in the Buku-Larrnggay Mulka Centre at Yirrkala.

Mawalan Marika
Mawalan Marika (c.1908 – 26 November 1967), often referred to as Mawalan 1 Marika to distinguish from Mawalan 2 Marika, was an Aboriginal Australian artist and the leader of the Rirratjingu clan of the Yolngu people of north-east Arnhem Land, in the Northern Territory of Australia. He is known for his bark paintings, carvings and political activism. Mawalan Marika, as one of the early leaders of the Yirrkala bark painting movement, played a critical role in using art both as a means of cultural expression and as a political tool to assert Yolŋu land rights.
Dissent
Dissent is an opinion, philosophy or sentiment of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or policy enforced under the authority of a government, political party or other entity or individual. A dissenting person may be referred to as a dissenter.

Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), North Korea, China, Turkmenistan and the Middle East. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.
Babasaheb Purandare
Balwant Moreshwar Purandare (29 July 1922 – 15 November 2021), popularly known as Babasaheb Purandare, was an Indian historian and writer of books and plays from Maharashtra, India. His works are mostly based on the life of Shivaji, the 17th-century founder of the Maratha Empire; as a result he is called Shiv-Shahir ("Shivaji's bard"). He is mostly known for his popular play on Shivaji, Jaanta Raja.  Purandare also studied the history of the Peshwas of Pune. In 2015, he was awarded the Maharashtra Bhushan Award, Maharashtra's highest civilian award. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award on 25 January 2019.

Purandare
Purandare is a prominent Indian family of Nobles, Sardars, Patil, Jagirdars  during Maratha Empire. They belong to Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin (DRB) community. The kuldevi of Purandares is Mahalakshmi of Kolhapur and their Kuldeva is Khandoba of Jejuri. Dhondo Malhar Purandare, a member of Purandare family held the patilki watan of Vadule, a village in present day Shevgaon taluka in Ahmednagar district. Purandare wada (palace) in Saswad was the seat of the Purandares until 1818, when the Peshwas lost control to the British East India Company after the Third Anglo-Maratha War.The Purandare Wada still stands but is in a much dilapidated state. The design of the Purandare wada was the inspiration for the better known Shaniwar Wada in Pune.
.uz
.uz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Uzbekistan. Registry services were formerly operated by Euracom GmBH, but were later redelegated to UZINFOCOM. Registrations are taken directly at the second level, but the former registry also advertised the availability of registrations at the third level beneath co.uz and com.uz, and some domain names under other second-level names such as org.uz also exist.

In Latvia, .uz is used as short-link address — ej.uz, which means "go to".

.uz has an A record and had a HTTP server since at least 1997.

UZINFOCOM
UZINFOCOM is an integrator for creation and support of state information systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It was established in 2002, by Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Unitary Enterprise Center for the Development and Implementation of Computer and Information Technologies UZINFOCOM under the Uzbek Agency for Communications and Informatization (UzACI).
Complement component 3
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the complement system of vertebrate animals and contributes to innate immunity. In humans it is encoded on chromosome 19 by a gene called C3.

Deficiencies and defects of C3 result in the affected person being immunocompromised and particularly vulnerable to bacterial infections.

Factor H
Factor H (FH) is a soluble glycoprotein and a member of the regulators of complement activation (RCA) family. It functions as a complement control protein and plays a critical role in regulating the complement system, particularly the alternative pathway. Factor H is a large molecule with a molecular weight of approximately 155 kilodaltons and circulates in human blood plasma at concentrations typically ranging from 200–300 micrograms per milliliter.
Çayönü
Çayönü  Tepesi is a Pre-Pottery Neolithic B settlement in southeastern Turkey which prospered from circa 8,630 to 6,800 BC. It is located in Diyarbakır Province forty kilometres north-west of Diyarbakır, one hundred and forty kilometres north-east of Şanlıurfa, at the foot of the Taurus mountains. It lies near the Boğazçay, a tributary of the upper Tigris River and the Bestakot, an intermittent stream. It is an early example of agriculture.

Çayönü Tepesi belongs to the "Taş Tepeler" monumental tradition of Göbekli Tepe, a style found in all the Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of the Urfa region. There are some variations though, such as using decorated stelae, but without the characteristic T-shape of Göbekli Tepe.

Old Kingdom individual (NUE001)
NUE001 is the genetic code name of an Old Kingdom adult male Egyptian of relatively high-status who was excavated in Nuwayrat (Nuerat, نويرات), in a cliff 265 km south of Cairo, and whose whole-genome ancestry was published in 2025 in an article in the journal Nature. The individual was radiocarbon-dated to 2855–2570 BC, between the Early Dynastic period and Fourth Dynasty, with the funerary practices and related artifacts of the tomb being archeologically attributed to the Third and Fourth Dynasty.

NUE001 is remarkable in that it represents the first successfully sequenced Early Dynastic Egyptian to date, and for the resulting discovery that around 20% of his genetic ancestry can be traced to the Eastern Fertile Crescent, including Mesopotamia, which suggests early human migrations from Mesopotamia to Egypt, in addition to the already known cultural flows starting from at least the 6th millennium BC.