hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ukraine prison ministries
The prison ministries of Ukraine provide religious services to people in Ukrainian prisons. Coordinated by religious leaders and the Ministry of Justice, services are provided for Ukrainian Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic, and Jewish prisoners.

Prisons in Ukraine
Prisons in Ukraine are regulated by the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, a part of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.

As of 2000, there are 32 preliminary prisons, 131 penitentiary establishments for adults and 8 colonies for minor criminals in Ukraine. According to Amnesty International, torture and ill-treatment by the police is widespread in Ukrainian prisons. Several police officers have been arrested for allegedly torturing detainees.
Ishwar Sahu
Ishwar Sahu (born 1981) is an Indian politician, rickshaw puller and laborer who is serving as member of Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly elected from Saja Assembly constituency. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Chhattisgarh. Sahu defeated 7 times winning Congress MLA Ravindra Choubey.

Ravindra Choubey
Ravindra Choubey (born 28 May 1957) is an Indian politician and a member of Indian National Congress. He is former Minister of Agriculture and Parliamentary Affairs in Government of Chhattisgarh and was Leader of the Opposition in the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly from 2009 to 2013. He also served as Cabinet Minister under Digvijaya Singh and Ajit Jogi.
X (magazine)
X, A Quarterly Review, often referred to as X magazine, was a British review of literature and the arts published in London which ran for seven issues between 1959 and 1962. It was co-founded and co-edited by Patrick Swift and David Wright.

Patrick Kavanagh
Patrick Kavanagh (21 October 1904 – 30 November 1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. His best-known works include the novel Tarry Flynn, and the poems "On Raglan Road" and "The Great Hunger". He is known for his accounts of Irish life through reference to the everyday and commonplace.
Taru Kuoppa
Taru Kuoppa (born 14 November 1983) is a Finnish competitive archer. A member of the Finnish elite archery team since 2013, Kuoppa came close to her maiden podium triumph in the international scene, finishing fourth with her partner Antti Tekoniemi in the mixed team recurve at the 2014 European Championships in Yerevan, Armenia. Kuoppa currently trains at Lahden Vasama Archery Club in Lahti, under the tutelage of her coach Perttu Ronkanen.

Kuoppa was selected to compete for Finland in the women's individual recurve at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sitting at fourteenth from the classification stage of the competition with a score of 643 points, 14 perfect tens and 10 bull's eyes, Kuoppa was knocked out of the first round in an upset 3–7 performance by the unheralded Burmese archer San Yu Htwe.

San Yu Htwe
San Yu Htwe (born 14 October 1986) is a Burmese recurve archer from Mindat. She competed in the archery competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where she ranked at #51 in the ranking round. She defeated Taru Kuoppa in the first round and Mackenzie Brown in the second round but lost to the then current Olympic Champion Ki Bo-bae in the third round. She said that she felt too excited to be competing against the current Olympic Champion that her performance was not as good as she hoped.
Aun
Aun the Old (Old Norse Aunn inn gamli, Latinized Auchun, Proto-Norse *Audawiniʀ: English: "Edwin the Old") is a mythical Swedish king of the House of Yngling in the Heimskringla.
Aun was the son of Jorund, and had ten sons, nine of which he was said to have sacrificed in order to prolong his own life. Based on the internal chronology of the House of Yngling, Aun would have died late in the fifth century.
He was succeeded by his son Egil Vendelcrow (Íslendingabók: Egill Vendilkráka)
identified with Ongentheow of the Beowulf narrative and placed in the early sixth century.

Healfdene
Halfdan (Old Norse: Halfdan, Old English: Healfdene, Medieval Latin: Haldānus: "half Dane") was a late 5th and early 6th century legendary Danish king of the Scylding (Skjöldung) lineage, the son of king named Fróði in many accounts, noted mainly as the father to the two kings who succeeded him in the rule of Denmark, kings named Hroðgar and Halga in the Old English poem Beowulf and named Hróar and Helgi in Old Norse accounts.
Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore (also referred to as hardcore rave, oldskool hardcore or simply hardcore) is a music genre that spawned from the UK rave scene during the early 1990s. It combines four-on-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats usually sampled from hip hop. In addition to the inclusion of breakbeats, the genre also features shuffled drum machine patterns, hoover, and other noises originating from new beat and Belgian techno, sounds from acid house and bleep techno, and often upbeat house piano riffs and vocals.

Simon Reynolds
Simon Reynolds (born 19 June 1963) is an English music journalist and author who began his career at Melody Maker in the mid-1980s. He subsequently worked as a freelancer and published a number of books on music and popular culture.

Reynolds has contributed to Spin, Rolling Stone, The New York Times, The Village Voice, The Guardian, The Wire, Pitchfork and others.
Duke of Westminster
Duke of Westminster is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created by Queen Victoria in 1874 and bestowed upon Hugh Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess of Westminster. It is the most recent dukedom conferred on someone not related to the British royal family.

The 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Dukes were each grandsons of the first. The present holder of the title is Hugh Grosvenor, the 7th Duke, who inherited the dukedom on 9 August 2016 on the death of his father, Gerald. The present duke is a godfather of Prince George of Wales.

The Duke of Westminster's seats are at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, and at Abbeystead House, Lancashire. The family's London town house was Grosvenor House, Park Lane, while Halkyn Castle was built as a sporting lodge for the family in the early 1800s. The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the Old Churchyard adjacent to St Mary's Church, Eccleston.

Earl of Wilton
Earl of Wilton, of Wilton Castle in the County of Herefordshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1801 for Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton, along with the subsidiary title of Viscount Grey de Wilton, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Both titles were created with remainder to the second and all younger sons successively of his daughter Eleanor, wife of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster.
Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo
Afonso Cláudio is a municipality in east central Espírito Santo, Brazil, founded in 1963. The town, at a height of 610m above sea level, has a population of approximately 30,455 and an area of 361.7 km2, and a population density of 32.53 inhabitants/km2. Its borders include: (E) Domingos Martins, Santa Maria de Jetibá and Itarana (N) Laranja da Terra and the neighbouring state of Minas Gerais, (W) Brejetuba (S) Conceição do Castelo and Venda Nova do Imigrante.

Domingos Martins
20°21′46″S 40°39′32″W﻿ / ﻿20.36278°S 40.65889°W﻿ / -20.36278; -40.65889

Domingos Martins is the name of a municipality in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. According to the IBGE, the municipality had 33,986 inhabitants. It has a population density of 25.9 inhabitants/km2.
Cape Cod National Seashore
The Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS) encompasses 43,607 acres (68.1 sq mi; 176.5 km2) on Cape Cod, in Massachusetts. CCNS was created on August 7, 1961, by President John F. Kennedy, when he signed a bill enacting the legislation he first co-sponsored as a Senator a few years prior. It includes ponds, woods and beachfront of the Atlantic coastal pine barrens ecoregion.  The CCNS includes nearly 40 miles (64 km) of seashore along the Atlantic-facing eastern shore of Cape Cod, in the towns of Provincetown, Truro, Wellfleet, Eastham, Orleans and Chatham. It is administered by the National Park Service.

Orleans, Massachusetts
Orleans (/ɔːrˈliːnz/ or-LEENZ) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. The population was 6,307 at the 2020 census.

For geographic and demographic information on the census-designated place Orleans, please see the article Orleans CDP.
Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot
The Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot is a satire in poetic form written by Alexander Pope and addressed to his friend John Arbuthnot, a physician. It was first published in 1735, but composed in 1734 when Pope learned that Arbuthnot was dying. Pope described it as a memorial of their friendship. It has been called Pope's "most directly autobiographical work", in which he defends his practice in the genre of satire and attacks those who had been his opponents and rivals throughout his career.

Both in composition and in publication, the poem had a chequered history. In its canonical form, it is composed of 419 lines of heroic couplets. The Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot is notable as the source of the phrase "damn with faint praise," which has subsequently seen so much common usage that it has become a cliché or idiom. Another of its notable lines is "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?"

Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature,  Pope is best known for his satirical and discursive poetry including An Essay on Criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712–1717), The Dunciad (1728–1743), and for his translations of Homer.

Pope is often quoted in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, some of his verses having entered common parlance (e.g. "damning with faint praise" or "to err is human; to forgive, divine").
Tomas Kollar
Tomas Kollar (born April 20, 1982 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a professional Swedish ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently serving as head coach for Malmö Redhawks in the SHL. As a player, he represented Hammarby IF, Djurgårdens IF Hockey, Skellefteå AIK, Södertälje SK, Leksands IF and then lastly Malmö Redhawks whom after finishing his playing career in 2014 continued as a youth coach with J18 and since has served the club through its youth ranks and up to the first team.

Malmö Redhawks
The Malmö Redhawks (colloquially referred to simply as Malmö or by past abbreviation MIF) are a Swedish professional ice hockey team based in Malmö, Sweden, which plays in the SHL, with Malmö Arena as the venue for home games.

The history of the team dates back to 1944 as the ice hockey division of the now exclusively football club Malmö FF. In 1972 the team divested from Malmö FF, marking the start of the hockey association initially known as Malmö IF. The team name was changed to MIF Redhawks in 2001 and then to the present name IF Malmö Redhawks in 2004. Officially the team goes by the name Ishockeyföreningen Malmö Redhawks (Ice Hockey Association Malmö Redhawks). The current CEO is Patrik Sylvegård who represented the team during his senior playing career.
Jan Frans van Douven
Jan Frans van Douven, or Johan Francois Douven (2 March 1656 – 1727) was a Southern Netherlandish portrait painter belonging to the Dutch Leyden School. Born in Roermond, he spent most of his life as Court painter in Düsseldorf, now in Germany, where he created most of his works.

Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
John William, Elector Palatine (Jan Wellem in Low German, English: John William; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714). From 1697 onwards Johann Wilhelm was also Count of Megen.
Megakaryocyte
A megakaryocyte (from  mega- 'large'  karyo- 'cell nucleus' and  -cyte 'cell') is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting. In humans, megakaryocytes usually account for 1 out of 10,000 bone marrow cells, but can increase in number nearly 10-fold during the course of certain diseases. Owing to variations in combining forms and spelling, synonyms include megalokaryocyte and megacaryocyte.

Thrombocytopenia
In hematology, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (also known as thrombocytes) in the blood. Low levels of platelets in turn may lead to prolonged or excessive bleeding.  It is the most common coagulation disorder among intensive care patients and is seen in a fifth of medical patients and a third of surgical patients.

A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets/microliter (μL) of blood. Values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease. One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known).
Intermediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora
The Intermediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora (code 3106) is one of the 13 intermediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 134 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

It comprises 146 municipalities, distributed in 10 immediate geographic regions:

Immediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora.

Immediate Geographic Region of Manhuaçu.

Immediate Geographic Region of Ubá.

Immediate Geographic Region of Muriaé.

Immediate Geographic Region of Cataguases.

Immediate Geographic Region of Ponte Nova.

Immediate Geographic Region of Viçosa.

Immediate Geographic Region of Carangola.

Immediate Geographic Region of São João Nepomuceno-Bicas.

Immediate Geographic Region of Além Paraíba.

Immediate Geographic Region of Cataguases
The Immediate Geographic Region of Cataguases is one of the 10 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.
Stara Gradiška
Stara Gradiška (pronounced [stâːraː ɡrǎdiʃka], German: Altgradisch) is a village and a municipality in Slavonia, in the Brod-Posavina County of Croatia. It is located on the left bank of the river Sava, across from Gradiška in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The place is well known for the Stara Gradiška prison and Stara Gradiška concentration camp.

Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Градишка), formerly Bosanska Gradiška (Serbian Cyrillic: Босанска Градишка) is a city in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 51,727, while the city of Gradiška has a population of 14,368.

It is located in eastern Krajina region, and the town is situated on the Lijevče plain, on the right bank of the Sava river across from Stara Gradiška, Croatia, and about 40 km (25 mi) north of Banja Luka.
Konkokyo Kyoten
The Konkōkyō Kyōten (Japanese: 金光教教典; lit. "Konkokyo Book of Teachings") is the main religious scripture of Konkokyo, a Shinto-derived Japanese religion founded in 1859 by Konkō Daijin (金光大神) (1814–1883). Konkōkyō Kyōten is a compilation of various writings composed by Konkō Daijin and his disciples during the second half of the 19th century.

Konko Daijin
Konkō Daijin (金光大神) (September 29, 1814 – October 10, 1883) was the Japanese founder of Konkōkyō (the "Konko Faith"). Born a farmer in present-day Okayama Prefecture of western Japan, he experienced a divine revelation on November 15, 1859. From that time on, he devoted himself to serving Tenchi Kane no Kami (天地金乃神), the golden Kami of Heaven and Earth.
Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum
The Philip J. Currie Dinosaur Museum is a paleontology museum located in Wembley, Alberta, Canada. The museum is situated within a 3,800-square-metre-building (41,000 sq ft) constructed in 2015, and is named for renowned Canadian paleontologist Philip J. Currie.

Philip J. Currie
Philip John Currie AOE FRSC FRCGS (born March 13, 1949) is a Canadian palaeontologist and museum curator who helped found the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, Alberta and is now a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. In the 1980s, he became the director of the Canada-China Dinosaur Project, the first cooperative palaeontological partnering between China and the West since the Central Asiatic Expeditions in the 1920s, and helped describe some of the first feathered dinosaurs. He is one of the primary editors of the influential Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs, and his areas of expertise include theropods (especially Tyrannosauridae), the origin of birds, and dinosaurian migration patterns and herding behavior. He was one of the models for palaeontologist Alan Grant in the film Jurassic Park.
Reverolle
Reverolle is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges. On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.

Sévery
Sévery is a former municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges. On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.
Newfane (village), Vermont
Newfane is an incorporated village in the town of Newfane in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 87 at the 2020 census.

Most of the village was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 as the Newfane Village Historic District. It is centered on the village green. It includes over 60 buildings. Greek Revival is the dominant architectural style. The Windham County Courthouse, which was built in 1825, is included in the district. Also, the Historical Society of Windham County is headquartered in the town.

Newfane, Vermont
Newfane is the shire town (county seat) of Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,645 at the 2020 census. The town includes the villages of Newfane, Williamsville, and South Newfane.
Backtracking line search
In (unconstrained) mathematical optimization, a backtracking line search is a line search method to determine the amount to move along a given search direction. Its use requires that the objective function is differentiable and that its gradient is known.

The method involves starting with a relatively large estimate of the step size for movement along the line search direction, and iteratively shrinking the step size (i.e., "backtracking") until a decrease of the objective function is observed that adequately corresponds to the amount of decrease that is expected, based on the step size and the local gradient of the objective function. A common stopping criterion is the Armijo–Goldstein condition.

Backtracking line search is typically used for gradient descent (GD), but it can also be used in other contexts. For example, it can be used with Newton's method if the Hessian matrix is positive definite.

Line search
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum  of an objective function . It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function  will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far  should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either exactly or inexactly.
Sidmouth Museum
Sidmouth Museum is a museum in Sidmouth, Devon, England.

The museum is housed in Hope Cottage, a Grade II listed building. The building was extended in 2020 to include more space for exhibits as well as new disabled access. In addition to exhibits relating to prominent local figures and history, it holds significant and diverse collections in areas such as lacemaking, local archaeology, and geology. It is owned by the Sid Vale Association (SVA).

Sidmouth
Sidmouth (/ˈsɪdməθ/) is a town on the English Channel in Devon, South West England, 14 miles (23 km) southeast of Exeter.  With a population of 13,258 in 2021, it is a tourist resort and a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. A large part of the town has been designated a conservation area.
Topsham (CDP), Maine
Topsham is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Topsham in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 6,271 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Sagadahoc County, Maine
Sagadahoc County (/ˈsæɡədəhɒk/ SAG-ə-də-hok) is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2020 census, the population was 36,699. Its county seat is Bath. It is the smallest county in Maine by area.

Sagadahoc County is part of the Portland–South Portland, ME Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Campyloneurum
Campyloneurum is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). They are commonly known as strap ferns.

Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.
Starkad
Starkad (Old Norse: Starkaðr [ˈstɑrkɑðz̠] or Stǫrkuðr [ˈstɔrkoðz̠]; Latin: Starcaterus; in the Late Middle Ages also Starkodder; modern Danish: Stærkodder) was either an eight-armed giant or the human grandson of the aforementioned giant in Norse mythology.

Starkad appears in numerous accounts, and the stories of his adventures relate to different Scandinavian traditions. He is most fully treated in Gesta Danorum but he also appears in Icelandic sources. He is portrayed as a great warrior who performed many heroic deeds but also many crimes.

A cognate of the Starkad legends can be found in the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf.

Ale the Strong
Ale the Strong (Heimskringla) or Ole (English: Ola), in Scandinavian legend, belonged to the House of Skjöldung (Scylding), and he was the son of king Friðfróði of Denmark and a cousin of Helgi's (and consequently of the Hrothgar of Beowulf). He fought several battles against king Aun of Uppsala, and he ruled in Uppsala for 25 years until he was killed by Starkad the old.

According to Starbäck and Bäckström, Saxo Grammaticus tells a related story in Gesta Danorum.

Starkad was accepted with honour in the warband of the Norwegian hero Ole (Olo). However, when Ole had succeeded in conquering Zealand, Starkad was convinced to join Lennius/Lenus/Lennus scheme to attack and kill Ole. However, Ole was hard to kill as his gaze scared everyone. It was not until Starkad managed to cover Ole's face that he could kill him. Starkad was rewarded with 120 pounds in gold, but regretted his crime, and avenged Ole's death by killing Lennius.