hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Congreve
Richard Congreve (4 September 1818 – 5 July 1899) was the first English philosopher to openly espouse the Religion of Humanity, the godless form of religious humanism that was introduced by Auguste Comte, as a distinct form of positivism. Congreve was the first thinker to offer a systematic policy, on positivist lines, to dismantle the British Empire. In 1859, after issuing controversial anti-imperialist pamphlets on Gibraltar and India, he delivered his 'first sermon' as a Positivist apostle and 'vicar' of the Religion of Humanity. He later founded the London Positivist Society in 1867 and, after a schism with his closest followers in 1878, he broke off to formally found the Comtist Church of Humanity.

London Positivist Society
The London Positivist Society was an atheistic philosophical, humanist, and political circle that met in London, England, between May 1867 and 1974. The conditions of membership originally included "emancipation from theology and metaphysics and the acceptance of Comte's views on science and society". The Society's members occupied themselves in applying the ideas of the philosophical school of Comtean positivism to current affairs of the day, including the movement for home rule in Ireland, the Second Boer War (which the Society opposed), the strikes of London trade unionists (which the society defended), Egyptian Independence (which the society supported), the Indian independence movement (which the Society supported) and defence of the Paris Commune. Among their writings was the 1896 pamphlet Positivist Comments on Public Affairs. The Society also supported the founding of the Sociological Society of London. In 1934, it was renamed the English Positivist Committee.
Sustainable Experience Architecture
The Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA; Chinese: 浩瀚; pinyin: Hàohàn) platform is a modular electric vehicle platform developed by Zeekr Technology Europe (previously China Euro Vehicle Technology), a company based in Gothenburg, Sweden within Geely Automobile Holdings group of companies. The platform is used in Geely Holding portfolio brands along with the Smart joint venture with Mercedes-Benz Group.

Geely refers the SEA platform as "open-source," meaning the manufacturer is open to supply the platform to other automakers. Geely Holding has claimed it has entered into preliminary discussions with other manufacturers about potential use of the SEA platform.

Compact Modular Architecture
The Compact Modular Architecture (CMA) is a global mid-size unibody automobile platform, developed by China Euro Vehicle Technology AB (CEVT), a Swedish subsidiary to Geely.

Development began in 2013 with the goal of producing a highly flexible vehicle platform. Only the distance between the centre of the front wheels and the pedal box is fixed, everything else can be configured to suit the intended vehicle design.

The platform debuted in August 2017 with the release of the Lynk & Co 01. The CMA platform configuration featured the four-cylinder 2 litre petrol and diesel engines, but also new 1.5-litre, three-cylinder engines with turbocharged and naturally aspirated variations. The platform will also accommodate a plug-in hybrid configuration capable of 180 bhp, supplemented by a 74 bhp electric motor.
WFTDA Eastern Regional Tournament
The WFTDA East Region Playoffs or WFTDA Eastern Regional Tournament was one of four annual roller derby regional qualifying tournaments for the WFTDA Championships.

The Tournament was organised by the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).  Full WFTDA members in the Eastern Region members were eligible for ranking, and the top ten leagues would qualify for the Eastern Regional Tournament, and the top three finalists would qualify for the Championships. Together, the four qualifying tournaments and Championships were termed the "Big 5". Starting with the 2013 WFTDA season, WFTDA's regions were discontinued in favor of an overall-rankings based system, and a new playoff format was created.

Women's Flat Track Derby Association
The Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) is the international governing body for the sport of women's flat track roller derby. It sets the international standards for rankings, rules, and competition in the sport, and provides guidance and resources to aid development of roller derby.

The organization was founded in April 2004 as the United Leagues Coalition (ULC), but was renamed in November 2005. It is registered in Raleigh, North Carolina as a 501(c)(6) Business League organization, a type of nonprofit organization.
Stanton by Dale
Stanton by Dale, also written as Stanton-by-Dale and sometimes referred to as simply Stanton, is a village and civil parish in the south east of Derbyshire, England. According to the University of Nottingham English Place-names project, the settlement name Stanton-by-Dale could mean 'Stony farm or settlement', stān (Old English) for stone or rock; and
tūn (Old English) for an enclosure; farmstead; village; or an estate. It lies 2.65 miles (4.26 km) south of Ilkeston and 1.31 miles (2.11 km) north of Sandiacre. Since 1974 it has been part of the Erewash borough. The village is halfway between the cities of Derby 6.98 miles (11.23 km) and Nottingham 6.81 miles (10.96 km), as the crow flies, from each city. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 505.

Ilkeston
Ilkeston (/ˈɪlkəstən/ ⓘ ILL-kis-tun) is a town located in the Borough of Erewash in Derbyshire, England, with a population of 40,953 at the 2021 census. Its major industries, coal mining, iron working and lace making/textiles, have now all but disappeared. Part of the Nottingham Urban Area, the town is located between the cities Derby and Nottingham, near the M1 motorway, and on the River Erewash. Its eastern boundary borders Nottinghamshire to the east and is only two miles from Nottingham's western edge.
Florence, South Dakota
Florence is a town in northwestern Codington County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 337 at the 2020 census.

Florence was named for a lady acquaintance of a railroad employee.

Watertown micropolitan area, South Dakota
The Watertown Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in South Dakota, anchored by the city of Watertown. As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 31,437 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 31,922).
Fecal immunochemical test
The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a diagnostic technique that examines stool samples for traces of non-visible blood, which could potentially indicate conditions including bowel cancer. Symptoms which could be caused by bowel cancer and suggest a FIT include a change in bowel habit, anaemia, unexplained weight loss, and abdominal pain. By using a random forest classification model, sensitivity can be increased.

Blood in stools does not always mean the presence of bowel or anal cancer, it could be from other bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or even hemorrhoids.

A 2022 UK guideline for patients with signs or symptoms of suspected colorectal cancer recommends the use of a FIT threshold of faecal haemoglobin ≥10 μg Hb/g to select patients with symptoms for an urgent referral for colorectal cancer investigation.

Stool test
A stool test is a medical diagnostic technique that involves the collection and analysis of fecal matter. Microbial analysis (culturing), microscopy and chemical tests are among the tests performed on stool samples.
Old Course Hotel
The Old Course Hotel, or its full name, the Old Course Hotel, Golf Resort & Spa, is a five-star hotel in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.

The hotel borders the Road Hole of the Old Course, and has 175 rooms, including 35 suites.

It was built in 1968, on the site of the old railway station, by British Transport Hotels Ltd (which was a subsidiary of British Railways). In 2004, Herb Kohler bought the hotel and now it is operated by Destination Kohler, a subsidiary of the American Kohler Company. The former stationmaster's house still stands and is called the Jigger Inn, which forms part of the hotel complex. In 2020, the hotel completed an expansion, which included 31 additional rooms and the Swilcan Loft restaurant.

The hotel obstructs the 17th (The Road Hole) fairway on the Old Course. Previously they were railway sheds.

The Old Course Hotel at night

The Old Starter's Box. Previously it was a golf course starter's box

The Pro Shop at the Old Course Hotel

The Jigger Inn

Old Course at St Andrews
The Old Course at St Andrews, also known as the Old Lady or the Grand Old Lady, is considered the oldest golf course in the world. It is a public course over common land in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, and is held in trust by the St Andrews Links Trust under an act of Parliament. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews clubhouse sits adjacent to the first tee, although it is but one of many clubs (St Andrews Golf Club, the New Golf Club, St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and the St Rule Club are the others with clubhouses) that have playing privileges on the course, along with some other non-clubhouse owning golf clubs and the general public. Originally known as the "golfing grounds" of St Andrews, it was not until the New Course was opened in 1895 that it became known as the Old Course.
Shiawassee County, Michigan
Shiawassee County (/ˌʃaɪəˈwɒsi/ SHY-ə-WOSS-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 68,094. The county seat is Corunna, and the largest city in the county is Owosso. In 2010, the center of population of Michigan was located in Shiawassee County, in Bennington Township.

Shiawassee County is included in the Lansing-East Lansing, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Antrim Township, Michigan
Antrim Township is a civil township of Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the township population was 2,116.  The township is believed to be named after either Antrim, Northern Ireland or Antrim, New Hampshire.

Antrim Township was organized in 1838.
Halberstadt C.IX
The Halberstadt C.IX was a German single-engined reconnaissance biplane of World War I, built by Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke. It was derived from the Halberstadt C.V, with a more powerful supercharged 230 hp Hiero engine.

Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke
Halberstädter Flugzeugwerke or Halberstadt was a German aircraft manufacturer. It was formed on 9 April 1912 under the name Deutsche Bristol Werke Flugzeug-Gesellschaft mbH in Halberstadt, Province of Saxony.
Merger of Korean Air and Asiana Airlines
The merger of Korean Air and Asiana Airlines was a policy announced by the government of South Korea in November 2020, which resulted in Korean Air absorbing Asiana Airlines creating a dominant carrier in South Korea. The merger was completed on December 12, 2024, following approval from fair-competition authorities globally.

On March 11, 2025, Korean Air announced that Asiana Airlines brand will be phased out by the end of 2026. Additionally, Korean Air unveiled the new logo and livery for the first time in 41 years that designed by Lippincott to symbolize the integration between two airlines.

Air Seoul
Air Seoul (Korean: 에어서울) is a South Korean low-cost carrier and a subsidiary of Asiana Airlines. The airline is based at Incheon International Airport just outside of Seoul, from which it operates flights to international destinations. It launched operations on 11 July 2016.
Lake George (town), New York
Lake George is a town in Warren County, New York, United States. The population was 3,502 at the 2020 census. The town is named after the lake, Lake George. The town is part of the Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Glens Falls metropolitan area
The Glens Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Upstate New York, anchored by the city of Glens Falls. It is considered to be a part of the greater Capital District. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 128,942 (though a 2016 estimate placed the population at 126,367).
Sudabeh
Sudabeh or Sodaba (Persian: سودابه) is a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh. She was princess of Hamavaran kingdom  and later, becomes the wife of Kay Kāvus, King of Iran, and stepmother to prince Siyavash.

Hamavaran
Hāmāvarān (Persian: هاماوَران) is a place in Shahnameh and other Iranian writings. The consensus between scholars is that Hamavaran is usually identified with Yemen. According to Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, it is an altered form of Himyarite Kingdom.
The Naze (James Ross Island)
The Naze (63°57′S 57°32′W﻿ / ﻿63.950°S 57.533°W﻿ / -63.950; -57.533﻿ (The Naze))  is a peninsula in north James Ross Island, marking the southeast  entrance to Herbert Sound and extending about 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) northeast  from Terrapin Hill toward the south-central shore of Vega Island.

James Ross Island
James Ross Island is a large island off the southeast side and near the northeastern extremity of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by Prince Gustav Channel. 
Rising to 1,630 metres (5,350 ft), it is irregularly shaped and extends 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) in a north–south direction.
Passive radar
Passive radar (also referred to as parasitic radar, passive coherent location, passive surveillance, and passive covert radar) is a class of radar systems that detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.  It is a specific case of bistatic radar – passive bistatic radar (PBR) – which is a broad type also including the exploitation of cooperative and non-cooperative radar transmitters.

Radar tracker
A radar tracker is a component of a radar system, or an associated command and control (C2) system, that associates consecutive radar observations of the same target into tracks. It is particularly useful when the radar system is reporting data from several different targets or when it is necessary to combine the data from several different radars or other sensors for data fusion.
Chespirito: Not Really on Purpose
Chespirito: Not Really on Purpose (Spanish: Chespirito: Sin querer queriendo) is a Mexican biographical television series created by Roberto Gómez Fernández. The series is based on the life of actor, comedian and producer Roberto Gómez Bolaños, Gómez Fernández's father. It was broadcast on Max from 5 June 2025 to 24 July 2025.

Florinda Meza
Florinda Meza García (born 8 February 1949) is a Mexican actress, comedian, television producer, and screenwriter. She is best known as Doña Florinda and Popis in El Chavo del Ocho, La Chimoltrufia in Chespirito, and other various roles in El Chapulín Colorado.
Dakshina Kannada
Dakshina Kannada district is located in the state of Karnataka in India, with its headquarters in the coastal city of Mangaluru. The district covers an area nestled  between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the Indian monsoon. It is bordered by Udupi district (formerly a part of this district) to the north, Chikmagalur district to the northeast, Hassan district to the east, Kodagu to the southeast and Kasaragod district of Kerala to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,089,649. It is the only district in Karnataka to have all modes of transport - road, rail, water and air - due to the presence of a major hub, Mangaluru. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.

Chikmagalur district
Chikmagalur district, officially Chikkamagaluru district (IPA: [t͡ʃikːɐmɐɡɐɭuːru]) is an administrative district in the Malnad subregion of Karnataka, India. It was called Kadur (Cuddoor) district till 1947. Coffee was first cultivated in India in Chikmagalur. The hills of Chikmagalur are parts of the Western Ghats and the source of Tunga and Bhadra rivers. Mullayanagiri, the highest peak in Karnataka is located in the district. The area is well known for the Sringeri Mutt that houses the Dakshina Peeta established by Adi Shankaracharya.
Florence Craye
Lady Florence Craye is a recurring fictional character who appears in P. G. Wodehouse's comedic Jeeves stories and novels. An intellectual and imperious young woman, she is an author who gets engaged at different times to various characters, each failing to perform a difficult task for her or to meet her high standards. She is one of the women to whom the hapless Bertie Wooster repeatedly finds himself reluctantly engaged, a situation from which he must be rescued by Jeeves.

Bertie Wooster
Bertram Wilberforce Wooster is a fictional character in the comedic Jeeves stories created by British author P. G. Wodehouse. An amiable English gentleman and one of the "idle rich", Bertie appears alongside his valet, Jeeves, whose intelligence manages to save Bertie or one of his friends from numerous awkward situations. Bertie Wooster and Jeeves have been described as "one of the great comic double-acts of all time".

Bertie is the narrator and central figure of most of the Jeeves short stories and novels. The two exceptions are the short story "Bertie Changes His Mind" (1922), which is narrated by Jeeves, and the novel Ring for Jeeves (1953), a third-person narration in which Bertie is mentioned but does not appear. First appearing in "Extricating Young Gussie" in 1915, Bertie is the narrator of ten novels and over 30 short stories, his last appearance being in the novel Aunts Aren't Gentlemen, published in 1974.
Okhtyrka
Okhtyrka (Ukrainian: Охтирка, IPA: [oxˈtɪrkɐ] ⓘ; Russian: Ахтырка, romanized: Akhtyrka) is a city in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Okhtyrka Raion within the oblast.

Okhtyrka was once home to Hussars and Cossacks. It was also in the past a regional seat of the Sloboda Ukraine Imperial Region and of the Ukrainian SSR. Since the discovery of oil and gas in 1961, Okhtyrka has come to be known as the "oil capital" of Ukraine. It is home to the former Okhtyrka air base and other historical and religious sites. Some religious buildings in Okhtyrka were almost destroyed in the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Okhtyrka Raion
Okhtyrka Raion (Ukrainian: Охтирський район) is a raion in Sumy Oblast in Central Ukraine. The administrative center of the raion is the town of Okhtyrka. Population: 120,107 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Sumy Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Okhtyrka Raion was significantly expanded.  The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 25,234 (2020 est.).
Dotnacht
Dotnacht is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 824 as Tottinheiche.

The municipality contained the villages Engelswilen, Aufhäusern, Altshof, among others. In 1850, it had 327 inhabitants, which decreased to 281 in 1900. After a temporary increase to 303 in 1950, the population declined again to 244 in 1990.

In 1996, the municipality was merged with the neighboring municipalities Alterswilen, Altishausen, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Lippoldswilen, Neuwilen, and Siegershausen, forming a new and larger municipality of Kemmental.

Lippoldswilen
Lippoldswilen is a village and former municipality in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in the year 1303 as Lupoltwile.

The municipality also contained the village Unterstöcken as well as six other hamlets. It had 153 inhabitants in 1850, which remained stable with 154 in 1900, but then decreased to 138 in 1950 and 97 in 1990.

In 1996, the municipality was merged with other neighboring municipalities including Alterswilen, Altishausen, Dotnacht, Ellighausen, Hugelshofen, Neuwilen and Siegershausen, to form a new and larger municipality Kemmental.
Utva (Perm Krai)
The Utva (Russian: Утьва) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama. The river is 76 kilometres (47 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 697 square kilometres (269 sq mi). The source of the river is in the extreme southwest of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai, near the border with Kirov Oblast and the Komi Republic. The main tributaries are the Chugrum (right) and the Yuzhnaya Anva (left).

Yuzhnaya Anva
The Yuzhnaya Anva (Russian: Южная Аньва) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Utva, which in turn is a tributary of the Veslyana. The river is 18 kilometres (11 mi) long. The main tributary is the Severnaya Anva (left).
Adeyfield Academy
The Adeyfield Academy (formerly Adeyfield School) is an 11–18 mixed, secondary school and sixth form with academy status in Adeyfield, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. It is part of the Atlas Multi Academy Trust.

The school was founded in 1953, initially as a secondary modern school and is now an all ability- comprehensive school.

The school works in consortium with two neighbouring schools to enhance post-16 provision. The consortium consists of Adeyfield School, Astley Cooper School and Longdean School. Staff development and wellbeing is also coordinated at consortium level.

The school has many awards, including an International Schools status. As a result of this, a club called "The YEC", standing for "Young Earth Citizen" was formed to link Adeyfield with other schools around the world. One project that they work on is to write articles for an online magazine.

Hemel Hempstead
Hemel Hempstead (/ˌhɛməl ˈhɛmpstɪd/) is a town in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located 24 miles (39 km) north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 census was 95,961.

Hemel Hempstead has existed since at least the 8th century and was granted its town charter by Henry VIII in 1539. It has expanded and developed in recent decades after being designated as a New Town after the end of the Second World War.
Parque de la Exposición
The Park of the Exhibition (Spanish: Parque de la Exposición), known between 1999 and 2004 as the Grand Park of Lima (Spanish: Gran Parque de Lima), is a park located in the neighbourhood of Santa Beatriz, itself part of the buffer zone of the historic centre of Lima, Peru. It was built to replace the city's walls, demolished as part of a citywide renovation project in order to host an international exhibition in 1872.

Palacio de la Exposición
The Palacio de la Exposición is a building on Colon Avenue in downtown Lima, Peru. It was constructed in the 19th century with the Park of the Exposition to house the International Exposition of Lima in 1872. Since 1957, it has been home to the Lima Art Museum.
Bristol, Maine
Bristol, known from 1632 to 1765 as Pemaquid (/ˈpɛməkwɪd/; today a village within the town), is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,834 at the 2020 census. A fishing and resort area, Bristol includes the villages of New Harbor, Pemaquid, Round Pond, Bristol Mills and Chamberlain.  It includes the Pemaquid Archeological Site, a U.S. National Historic Landmark. During the 17th and early 18th century, New France defined the Kennebec River as the southern boundary of Acadia, which put Bristol within Acadia. The village was called Pemquit by the French.

New Harbor, Maine
New Harbor is a small scenic coastal village in the town of Bristol, in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. In 2019, the town of Bristol, and in turn New Harbor, was a finalist in the Reader's Digest award for "America's Nicest Place." Bristol and New Harbor were also nominated for and won the "Nicest Place in Maine Award" by Reader's Digest. New Harbor has historical sites such as the Pemaquid Point Lighthouse and Fort William Henry. New Harbor is the site of Pemaquid Beach, on Johns Bay.