hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Telescoping (rail cars)
In a railway accident, telescoping occurs when the underframe of one vehicle overrides that of another, and smashes through the second vehicle's body. The term is derived from the resulting appearance of the two vehicle bodies: the body of one vehicle may appear to be slid inside the other like the tubes of a collapsible telescope – the body sides, roof and underframe of the latter vehicle being forced apart from each other.

Cowcatcher
A cowcatcher, also known as a pilot, is the device mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles on the track that might otherwise damage or derail it or the train.

In the UK, small metal bars called life-guards, rail guards or guard irons are provided immediately in front of the wheels. They knock away smaller obstacles lying directly on the running surface of the railhead. Historically, fenced-off railway systems in Europe relied exclusively on those devices and cowcatchers were not required, but in modern systems cowcatchers have generally superseded them.

Instead of a cowcatcher, trams use a device called a fender. Objects lying on the tram track come in contact with a sensor bracket, which triggers the lowering of a basket-shaped device to the ground, preventing the overrunning of the obstacles and pushing them along the road surface in front of the wheels.

In snowy areas the cowcatcher also has the function of a snowplow.
Drom, County Tipperary
Drom (Irish: An Drom, meaning 'the ridge') is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is located just off the main Borrisoleigh to Templemore road. Its population was 129 at the 2006 census.

The village, now administered for local government purposes as part of County Tipperary, is one half of the Ecclesiastical parish of "Drom and Inch" which is in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly. The parish also incorporates Barnane. Drom is also a civil parish in the historical barony of Eliogarty.

Borrisoleigh
Borrisoleigh (Irish: Buiríos Ó Luigheach, meaning 'The Burgage of the territory of O'Lea or I‑leagh') is a small town in County Tipperary, Ireland. At the 2016 census, it had a population of 679. It is in the ecclesiastical parish of Borrisoleigh and Ileigh in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.
Lotus Elise
The Lotus Elise is a sports car  conceived in early 1994 and released in September 1996 by the British manufacturer Lotus Cars. A two-seater roadster with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, the Elise has a fibreglass body shell atop its bonded extruded aluminium chassis that provides a rigid platform for the suspension, while keeping weight and production costs to a minimum. The Elise was named after Elisa Artioli, the granddaughter of Romano Artioli who was chairman of Lotus and Bugatti at the time of the car's launch.

Production of the Elise, Exige and Evora ended in 2021. It was replaced by the Lotus Emira.

Toyota ZZ engine
The Toyota ZZ engine family is a straight-4 piston engine series. The ZZ series uses a die-cast aluminium engine block with thin press-fit cast iron cylinder liners, aluminium DOHC 4-valve cylinder heads, and chain-driven camshafts. The ZZ family replaced the extremely popular cast-iron block 4A and 7A engines of the preceding A family of engines.

The two 1.8 L members of the family, the 1ZZ and 2ZZ, use different bore and stroke. The former was optimised for economy, with torque emphasised in lower revolutions per minute operating range, while the latter is a "square" design optimised for high-RPM torque, yielding higher peak power.
Fort Lancaster
Fort Lancaster is a former United States Army installation located near Sheffield, Texas. The fort was established in 1855 on the San Antonio–El Paso Road to protect migrants moving toward California through Texas. The US Army occupied Fort Lancaster until Texas seceded from the United States in March 1861 and were replaced at the fort by forces loyal to the Confederate States of America. The Confederate Army held the fort from November 1861 until April 1862, when it was again abandoned and then burned.

The 82-acre site, now operated by the Texas Historical Commission as Fort Lancaster State Historic Site, contains the ruins of 29 buildings that made up the fort and a visitor center with a museum.

Sheffield, Texas
Sheffield is a census-designated place in Pecos County, Texas, United States. According to the 2020 Census, the community had an estimated population of 174 in 2020. Named for pioneer rancher Will Sheffield, it has a post office with ZIP code of 79781.
San Juanico Airstrip
San Juanico Airstrip (IATA: N/A) is a public dirt airstrip located in San Juanico, Municipality of Comondú, Baja California Sur, Mexico, a town located on the Pacific Ocean coast, which is a famous surfing area better known as "Scorpion Bay". The airstrip is used solely for general aviation purposes, but now is closed, so the Cadejé Airstrip is used as an alternative.

San Juanico, Baja California Sur
San Juanico is a fishing village in Comondú Municipality, Baja California Sur, Mexico, located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean on the Bahía San Juanico. Originally a primitive settlement used by fishermen from a larger pueblo at Cadeje, legend says American smugglers and surfers noticed the bahia's waves in the mid-seventies. Afterward, the settlement grew alongside its reputation as one of the ten best surfing spots in the world. Various efforts to hide the pueblo by ex-pats include promoting the name, "Scorpion Bay" instead of San Juanico.

As of 2010, the village had a total population of 687, which included Mexican nationals living in the pueblo and in surrounding ranchos, and immigrants from the U.S. and elsewhere.

San Juanico Airstrip was notorious for smugglers but is presently closed.  Nearby Cadejé Airstrip is now used for single engine aircraft.
Firuzeh
Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه) is a city in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It was the administrative center for Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Bozquchan. The village of Bozghan was converted to a city in 1995 and renamed Firuzeh in 2011.

Bozquchan
Bozquchan (Persian: بزقوچان) is a village in, and the capital of, Takht-e Jolgeh Rural District in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The rural district was previously administered from the city of Firuzeh.
Carate Urio
Carate Urio (Comasco: Caraa Uri [kaˌraː ˈyːri]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Milan and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Como.

Founded in 1927 by the merger of Carate Lario and Urio, Carate Urio borders the following municipalities: Brienno, Faggeto Lario, Laglio, Moltrasio, Schignano, Torno.

Faggeto Lario
Faggeto Lario (Comasco: Fasgée [faˈʒeː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Milan and about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Como.

Faggeto Lario borders the following municipalities: Albavilla, Albese con Cassano, Caglio, Carate Urio, Caslino d'Erba, Erba, Laglio, Nesso, Pognana Lario, Tavernerio, Torno.
Birgte
Birgte is a village in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia; it is part of the district of Riesenbeck and the town of Hörstel, and may be referred to as Hörstel-Birgte as a result. It is located at the north edge of the Teutoburger Forest Its roots go back until 1800 BC as an old farming area. First known written mention of Birgte is dated 1088 AD when single farms dominated the area.

Hörstel
Hörstel (German pronunciation: [ˈhœʁstl̩] ⓘ; Low German: Hüörsel) is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the junction of the Mittellandkanal and the Dortmund-Ems Canal, approx. 10 km east of Rheine.

Parts of Hörstel are Riesenbeck, Dreierwalde, Birgte and Bevergern
Andy Ristie
Andy Ristie (born March 17, 1982) is a Surinamese-Dutch kickboxer who competes in the lightweight division. After an unremarkable beginning to his career, he came to prominence with a lengthy and entertaining winning streak in the It's Showtime promotion in 2011 and 2012. This earned him an invite to fight amongst the 70 kg/154 lb division's elite, competing in the K-1 World MAX 2012 Tournament and debuting in Glory shortly after.

Standing at 1.82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in), Ristie is tall for his weight class and is known to look for knockouts from the first bell. He utilizes devastating knee strikes to the body and possesses considerable punching power, especially in his left hook. As of 2 November 2015, he is ranked the No. 2 lightweight in the world by GLORY.

2015 in Glory
The year 2015 was the 4th year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. 2015 starts with Glory 19: Virginia, and ends with Glory 26: Amsterdam. The events were broadcast through television agreements with Spike TV and other regional channels around the world.
Sheriffs in the United States
Sheriffs in the United States are the chiefs of law enforcement of a county. A sheriff is usually either elected by the populace or appointed by an elected body.

Sheriffs' offices are typically tasked with operating jails, security at courthouses and county buildings, protection of judges and juries, preventing breaches of the peace, and coordinating with city police departments. Sheriff's offices may also be responsible for security at public events and areas.

A sheriff's subordinate officers are referred to as deputies and they enforce the law in accordance with the sheriff's direction and orders.

Marshal
Marshal is a term used in several official titles in various branches of society. As marshals became trusted members of the courts of Medieval Europe, the title grew in reputation. During the last few centuries, it has been used for elevated offices, such as in military rank and civilian law enforcement.

In most countries, the rank of Marshal is the highest Army rank (equivalent to a five-star General of the Army in the United States).
Mediterranean monk seal
The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a monk seal belonging to the family Phocidae. As of 2015, it is estimated that fewer than 700 individuals survive in three or four isolated subpopulations in the Mediterranean, (especially) in the Aegean Sea, the archipelago of Madeira, and the Cabo Blanco area in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean spanning the border of Mauritania and Western Sahara. It is believed to be the world's rarest pinniped species. It is the only extant species in the genus Monachus, the other two monk seal species being in Neomonachus.

Desertas Islands
The Desertas Islands (Portuguese: Ilhas Desertas, IPA: [ˈiʎɐʒ ðɨˈzɛɾtɐʃ], "Deserted Islands") are a small archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the larger Portuguese Madeira Archipelago.

The archipelago is located off the coast of Morocco. Deserta Grande Island is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of the eastern tip of Madeira Island, Ponta de São Lourenço.
J. T. Miller
Jonathan Tanner Miller (born March 14, 1993) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a forward and captain for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Rangers in the first round, 15th overall, of the 2011 NHL entry draft. He has also played for the Tampa Bay Lightning and the Vancouver Canucks.

Hartford Wolf Pack
The Hartford Wolf Pack are a professional ice hockey team based in Hartford, Connecticut. A member of the American Hockey League (AHL), they play their home games at the PeoplesBank Arena. The team was established in 1926 as the Providence Reds. After a series of relocations, the team moved to Hartford in 1997 as the Hartford Wolf Pack. It is one of the oldest professional hockey franchises in existence, and the oldest continuously operating minor league hockey franchise in North America.

The franchise was renamed the Connecticut Whale in October 2010, in honor of the former Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League (NHL), but reverted to their current name after the 2012–13 AHL season. The Wolf Pack is the top affiliate of the NHL's  New York Rangers and is one of the three professional hockey teams in Connecticut.
Carlo Lottieri
Carlo Lottieri (born 6 November 1960) is Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Verona. Born in Brescia, he holds a bachelor's degree (summa cum laude) in Philosophy from the University of Genoa, a M.A. from the Institut Universitaire d’Etudes Européens (now attached to the University of Geneva), a M.A. and a Ph.D. from the Paris-Sorbonne University. His research interests cover philosophy of law, federalism,  American-style libertarianism, political theology, religion and public life, military ethics, elitism, evolutionary theory of law, commons and private property, and the modern state. He edited many works by Bruno Leoni in English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Czech. He is Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Verona, and Professor of Philosophy of Law and Philosophy of Social Sciences at Facoltà di Teologia di Lugano.

Bruno Leoni
Bruno Leoni (26 April 1913 – 21 November 1967) was an Italian classical-liberal political philosopher and lawyer. Whilst the war kept Leoni away from teaching, in 1945, he becamea  Full professor of Philosophy of Law. Leoni was also appointed Dean of the Department of Political Sciences at the University of Pavia from 1948 to 1960.
Ray Stits
Raymond M. Stits (20 June 1921 - 8 June 2015) was an American inventor, homebuilt aircraft designer, aircraft mechanic and pilot. He designed the Stits SA-2A Sky Baby, which was the world's smallest aircraft in 1952, developed the Poly-Fiber aircraft fabric covering system and was the founder of Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 1.

David Gustafson, a Flabob Airport historian, wrote of Stits, "few people outside of the Poberezny family had as much influence on the early home built aircraft movement as Ray Stits."

Stits Playboy
The Stits SA-3A Playboy (sometimes called the Stitts SA-3A Playboy) is a single seat, strut-braced low-wing monoplane that was designed by Ray Stits for amateur construction. The aircraft was designed and the prototype was completed in a three-month period during 1952. The design went on to become one of the most influential in the post-war boom in aircraft homebuilding.

A side-by-side two seat version is known as the SA-3B.
Sunbeam-Talbot
Sunbeam-Talbot Limited was a British motor manufacturing business. It built upmarket sports-saloon versions under the parenthood of Rootes Group cars from 1938 to 1954. Its predecessor Clément-Talbot Limited had made Talbot automobiles from 1902 to 1935.

Clément-Talbot was bought by Rootes brothers in January 1935 and re-organised to make Rootes Group cars also branded Talbot.

In 1938 after some years of consideration the Rootes brothers dropped plans to make large luxury cars branded Sunbeam, added the name Sunbeam to Talbot and put the extra name on both the cars built in Kensal Green and the company building them.

After the Second World War Sunbeam-Talbot production was resumed in London then in Spring 1946 it was moved to Rootes' new factory at Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire and Clément-Talbot's North Kensington works became a Rootes administration and service centre.

Alpine Rally
The Alpine Rally, also known by its official name Coupe des Alpes, was a rally competition based in Marseille and held from 1932 to 1971. In the 1950s and the 1960s, it was among the most prestigious rallies in the world and featured an international route, consisting of famous mountain passes in Europe.
AutoExpreso
AutoExpreso is an electronic toll collection system used on tollways in the United States territory of Puerto Rico. The system uses passive transponders where payment status is indicated by a light at the toll plazas. 
In 2012, AutoExpreso became the exclusive form of payment on most of Puerto Rico's tollways, with cash no longer being accepted. However, until 2015, cash was still accepted on PR-5 and PR-22 due to the privatization of those tollways.

In addition to window transponders, a card form of AutoExpreso known as MóvilCash is also available. AutoExpreso is not interoperable with other electronic toll collection systems outside Puerto Rico (such as E-ZPass in the northeastern United States or SunPass in Florida).

E-ZPass
E-ZPass Interagency Group (E-ZPass Group trade name and E-ZPass product brand) is an electronic toll collection system used on toll roads, toll bridges, and toll tunnels in the eastern half of the United States. The group itself is composed of several states' member agencies, which share the same technology and allow travelers to use the same transponder on toll facilities throughout the network. It was created in 1987, since which time several states' compatible systems have rebranded to E-ZPass. Negotiations for nationwide interoperability are ongoing.
Sard Underground
Sard Underground (stylized in all caps) is a solo project of Yua Shinno produced by Daiko Nagato. In September 2019, Sard Underground debuted as a musical group with their cover album Zard Tribute under the Giza Studio label. As a solo project of the Japanese artist Zard, the name is derived from Zard.

Zard
Zard (ザード, Zādo) (stylized as ZARD) were a Japanese pop rock group, originally with five members, with lead vocalist Izumi Sakai as its only constant member. Izumi Sakai was also the band's core member. Zard's work was sold under the record label B-Gram Records, Inc. Their most popular and successful songs are "Makenaide" (1993) (負けないで), "Yureru Omoi" (1993) (揺れる想い), and "My Friend" (1996). As of 2023, Zard has sold over 38 million records, making them one of the best-selling music artists in Japan.
Chairpersons of the Crow Tribe
The chairman or chairwoman of the Crow Tribe is the head of the executive branch of the Crow Tribe of Montana. Every four years, the Crow Tribal General Council (all adult-aged registered voters) elects a chairman of the Executive Branch.

The current chairman is Frank Whiteclay. The chairman serves as chief executive officer, with enumerated powers in the 2001 Crow Constitution. The constitutional changes of 2001 created a three branch government. The chairman serves as the head of the executive branch, which includes the offices of vice-chairman, secretary, and vice-secretary and the tribal offices and departments of the Crow Tribal Administration. Notable chairmen were Clara Nomee, Edison Real Bird, and Robert Yellowtail.

See list of Crow Tribal Administrations.

Robert Yellowtail
Robert Summers Yellowtail (August 4, 1889 – June 20, 1988) was a leader of the Crow Tribe. Described as a "20th-century warrior", Yellowtail was the first Native American to hold the post of Agency Superintendent at a reservation.
Skûlenboarch
Skûlenboarch (Dutch: Schuilenburg) is a hamlet in Tytsjerksteradiel in the province Friesland of the Netherlands. The hamlet lies south of Jistrum, every house north of the Prinses Margriet Canal falls officially under Jistrum. The houses south of the canal are officially part of Eastermar. A bridge connects the two halves of Skûlenboarch with each other. The Joost Wiersmawei(road) connects the hamlet with Jistrum and a cycling path connects the yacht harbour with Skûlenboarch. It is located east of the Burgumer Mar, at the entrance of the Kolonelsdiep.

Tytsjerksteradiel
Tytsjerksteradiel (West Frisian pronunciation: [tiˈtsjɛrkstəraˌdiəl] ⓘ) is a municipality in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands. It is named after the town of Tytsjerk, whose name is derived from a person named Tiete. Tiete was a daughter of Tryn, after whom the region (Trynwâlden) is named. The other villages in Trynwâlden are also named after Tryn's children: Oentsjerk (Oene), Gytsjerk (Giete), Readtsjerk (Reade), Aldtsjerk (Âlde), Ryptsjerk (Rype). A statue of Tryn and her children is placed in Oentsjerk next to the mainroad (Rengerswei). Tsjerk is the West Frisian word for Church. Until 1989 the official name of the municipality was Tietjerksteradeel (pronounced [tiˈtɕɛr(ə)kstəraːˌdeːl] ⓘ), the Dutch name; the current official name is West Frisian.  The largest village in the municipality is Burgum.
Tritone substitution
The tritone substitution is a common chord substitution found in both jazz and classical music. Where jazz is concerned, it was the precursor to more complex substitution patterns like Coltrane changes. Tritone substitutions are sometimes used in improvisation—often to create tension during a solo. Though examples of the tritone substitution, known in the classical world as an augmented sixth chord, can be found extensively in classical music since the Renaissance period, they were not heard outside of classical music until they were brought into jazz by musicians such as Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker in the 1940s, as well as Duke Ellington, Art Tatum, Coleman Hawkins, Roy Eldridge and Benny Goodman.

The tritone substitution can be performed by exchanging a dominant seventh chord for another dominant seventh chord which is a tritone away from it. For example, in the key of C major one can use D♭7 instead of G7 (D♭ is a tritone away from G, and G is the dominant of C).

Chord substitution
In music theory, chord substitution is the technique of using a chord in place of another in a progression of chords, or a chord progression. Much of the European classical repertoire and the vast majority of blues, jazz and rock music songs are based on chord progressions. "A chord substitution occurs when a chord is replaced by another that is made to function like the original. Usually substituted chords possess two pitches in common with the triad that they are replacing."
Amédée Courbet
Anatole-Amédée-Prosper Courbet (French pronunciation: [anatɔl amede pʁɔspɛʁ kuʁbɛ]; 26 June 1827 – 11 June 1885) was a French admiral who won a series of important land and naval victories during the Tonkin Campaign (1883–86) and the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885).

Bắc Lệ ambush
The Bắc Lệ ambush (French: guet-apens de Bac-Lé, Vietnamese: trận Bắc Lệ or trận cầu Quan Âm) was a clash during the Tonkin Campaign in June 1884 between Chinese troops of the Guangxi Army and a French column sent to occupy Lạng Sơn and other towns near the Chinese border. The French claimed that their troops had been ambushed by the Chinese. The incident led to the Sino-French War (August 1884 – April 1885).
En svensk tiger
En svensk tiger (Swedish: [ɛn ˈsvɛnːsk ˈtǐːɡɛr]) was a slogan and an image that became part of a propaganda campaign in Sweden during World War II. Its goal was to prevent espionage by encouraging secrecy.

Careless Talk Costs Lives (propaganda)
"Careless Talk Costs Lives" was a British propaganda campaign during World War II meant to discourage open discussion of sensitive or secret military and intelligence operations among the Allied forces.
Bergshamra, Solna
59°22′53″N 18°02′11″E﻿ / ﻿59.38139°N 18.03639°E﻿ / 59.38139; 18.03639

Bergshamra (lit. 'Mountain Hamlet') is a suburb within the Stockholm urban area in Sweden. Administratively it is in Solna Municipality of Stockholm County. The suburb is surrounded on three sides by water, with the Stocksundet sea strait to the northeast, the Ålkistan channel to the southeast, and the Brunnsviken to the southwest.

Bergshamra station serves the suburb and is one of the 100 stations of the Stockholm Metro system.

Bergshamra metro station
Bergshamra (lit. 'Mountain Hamlet') is a station on Line 14 of the Red line of the Stockholm Metro, located in Bergshamra, Solna Municipality. The station was opened on 29 January 1978 as part of the extension from Universitetet to Mörby centrum.