hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moridunum (Axminster)
Moridunum was a fort and small town in the Roman province of Britannia. Its remains are located at Woodbury Farm, immediately south of Axminster in the English county of Devon.

The square fort was built at the intersection of two Roman roads, the Fosse Way and Durnovaria-Isca Dumnoniorum road, apparently in the 2nd century. Its ditch survives around much of the site. A civilian settlement soon grew up nearby, encouraged by the building of what has been interpreted as a large stone mansio for the provincial postal service. It was a centre for pottery production in the 3rd century and occupation continued until the end of the 4th.

Axminster
Axminster is a market town and civil parish on the eastern border of the county of Devon in England. It is 28 miles (45 km) from the county town of Exeter. The town is built on a hill overlooking the River Axe which heads towards the English Channel at Axmouth, and is in the East Devon local government district.  At the 2001 census, it had a population of 5,626, increasing to 5,761 at the 2011 census. The town contains two electoral wards (town and rural) whose combined population is 7,110. The market is still held every Thursday.

Axminster gave its name to a type of carpet. An Axminster-type power loom is capable of weaving high-quality carpets with many varying colours and patterns. While Axminster carpets are made in the town by Axminster Carpets Ltd, this type of carpet is now manufactured all over the world as well.
Italian Co-belligerent Air Force
The Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force (Aviazione Cobelligerante Italiana, or ACI), or Air Force of the South (Aeronautica del Sud), was the air force of the Royalist "Badoglio government" in Southern Italy during the last years of World War II.  The ACI was formed in Southern Italy in October 1943 after the Italian Armistice in September. As by this point the Italian Kingdom had defected from the Axis and had declared war on Germany, the ACI pilots flew for the Allies.

Reggiane Re.2002 Ariete
The Reggiane Re.2002 Ariete ("Ram") is an Italian fighter-bomber developed during World War II. The aircraft was a further development of the Re.2000, with some of the modifications that already had been introduced in the Re.2001. The aircraft was mainly used by the Regia Aeronautica (Royal [Italian] Air Force), but it also saw limited use with the German Luftwaffe, who used it against the French resistance.
National road 32 (Poland)
Droga krajowa nr 32 (translates from Polish as national road 32) is route that is part of the Polish national roads network. It runs through Lubusz and Greater Poland Voivodeships, leading from the former border crossing with Germany in Gubinek to Stęszew, where meets national road 5. Locally act as a bypass for small towns through the route. For a 14 km stretch it runs on the route of expressway S3. National road 32 connects Poznań urban area and Zielona Góra urban area with Polish-German border.

National road 5 (Poland)
National road 5 (Polish: Droga krajowa nr 5) is a route belonging to the Polish national road network. The highway connects some of the biggest urban agglomerations in Poland, i.e. Trójmiasto, Bydgoszcz, Poznań and Wrocław. It runs from Nowe Marzy to Lubawka at the Czech border and between Bielany Wrocławskie and Kostomłoty merges with A4 motorway. On the segment from Nowe Marzy to Wrocław, it is a component of European route E261.
1952 Maldivian presidential election
Presidential elections were held for the first time in the Maldives in 1952. They followed the approval of a new constitution in a referendum in March 1952, which had changed the country's system of governance from being a monarchy to a republic.

The result was a victory for Mohamed Amin Didi, who received almost 96% of the vote. Amin Didi subsequently became the country's first President.

Presidential elections in the Maldives
The election of the president and the vice president of the Maldives is presidential elections that determine who will serve as the President of the Maldives for the next 5 years (previously four terms in 1968).

The presidential elections has taken place thirteen times; 1952, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, 2018, 2023. Out of the 13 elections, the 2008 election was the first democratic elections of the country and after 2008, all elections were democratic. The next presidential election is scheduled for 2028.
Abbotsholme School
Abbotsholme School is a co-educational private boarding and day school. The school is situated on a 140-acre campus on the banks of the River Dove in Derbyshire, England near the county border and the village of Rocester in Staffordshire. It is a member of the Society of Heads (formerly Society of Headmasters & Headmistresses of Independent Schools) and is a founding member of the Round Square conference of schools.

Round Square
Round Square is an international network of schools, based on the educational concepts of Kurt Hahn, and named after a distinctive building at Gordonstoun. Founded by a group of seven schools in the late 1960s, by 1996 it had grown to 20 member schools worldwide, and has since expanded to over 200 schools. Round Square is incorporated in England as a Company Limited by Guarantee, and is a registered charity.
LEDA 83677
LEDA 83677 is a lenticular galaxy located about 290 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is a member of the Coma cluster of galaxies. LEDA 83677 is also classified as a type 1 Seyfert galaxy. The core of the galaxy is emitting high-energy X-rays and ultraviolet light, probably caused by a massive black hole lurking in the core.

Lenticular galaxy
A lenticular galaxy (denoted S0) is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical (denoted E) and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms.  Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars (like elliptical galaxies).  Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe.  Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.
Fairview (TV series)
Fairview is an American adult animated satirical sitcom created by R. J. Fried and executive produced by The Late Show host Stephen Colbert.

It premiered on Comedy Central on February 9, 2022, and received negative reviews with critics lambasting the series for its writing, humor, and social commentary. Although there was no cancellation announcement, the series was not renewed for a second season.

Roly-poly toy
A roly-poly toy, roly-poly doll, round-bottomed doll, tilting doll, tumbler, wobbly man, wobble doll, or kelly is a round-bottomed toy, usually egg-shaped, that tends to right itself when pushed at an angle, and does this in seeming contradiction to how it should fall.
Naval Offices, Brisbane
Naval Offices is a heritage-listed office building at 3 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Department of Public Works and built from 1900 to 1901 by J Mason. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 March 2013.

Edward Street, Brisbane
Edward Street is a busy thoroughfare in the Brisbane central business district, Queensland, Australia.  It is a one-way street located between Albert Street and Creek Street, and runs from Upper Edward Street to Alice Street. It is named after Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

A number of prominent Brisbane landmarks are situated on Edward Street. The Central Station, the Queen Street Mall, the Metro Arts Theatre and the City Botanic Gardens can be accessed from Edward Street.

A number of Brisbane CBD shopping centres have entrances from Edward Street. These include QueensPlaza, Wintergarden, MacArthur Central, ANZAC Square Arcade and Rowes Arcade.
Zamba (god)
Zamba is the supreme creator figure of the Yaunde peoples of the Cameroons. According to the Yaunde people, he made the Earth and all its creatures except human beings. He left that job to his four sons: Ngi (gorilla) the strong, N'Kokon (mantis) the wise, Otukut (lizard) the fool, and Wo (chimpanzee) the curious. Each made human beings in his own image, which is why humans are the way they are.

Ngi
Ngi or Ngi the Strong, is a gorilla god and one of the gods of the Yaoundé people of Cameroon, son of Zamba, the supreme creator. As his father had made Earth and all its creatures, he was tasked alongside his brothers, N'Kokon (mantis) the wise, Otukut (lizard) the fool, and Wo (chimpanzee) the curious, to create human beings. Each of the brothers made human beings in his own image, which is why humans are the way they are.

The nearby Fang people, holding similar beliefs, also refer to the gorilla as ngi, considering it to be a god of fire. They equate it to a positive force, opposed to the negative represented by the chimpanzee. The gorilla was reputedly the patron of the secret Ngi society, up to the late 19th century.

A fictional cult of the same name in Black Panther: Wakanda Forever was inspired by the worship of Ngi.
Swanbourne Hospital
Swanbourne Hospital is a heritage listed former mental hospital located in Mount Claremont, Western Australia. Built in 1904, it was the largest stand-alone psychiatric hospital in Western Australia for much of the twentieth century until its closure in September 1972. The hospital was originally known as Claremont Hospital for the Insane, Claremont Mental Hospital and Claremont Hospital. Following the closure of Claremont Hospital in 1972, the original 1904 section of the hospital functioned as the Swanbourne Hospital until 1985. The site was vacant from 1986, until renovated and reopened primarily as an aged care residence in 2018.

The 2.48-hectare (6.1-acre) site contains buildings of significant heritage value, including Montgomery Hall, which used to be the second largest theatre venue in Perth.

Mount Claremont, Western Australia
Mount Claremont, known previously as Graylands, is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the Town of Cambridge and the City of Nedlands.

Graylands underwent significant changes in the 1950s, with the post war downgrading of military and migrant facilities in the area.
Norman Bird Sanctuary
Norman Bird Sanctuary is a 325-acre (1.32 km2) bird sanctuary, nature preserve, environmental education center, and museum at 583 Third Beach Road in Middletown, Rhode Island overlooking the Atlantic Ocean.

In 1949, the Norman Bird Sanctuary was founded through a bequest in the will of Mabel Norman Cerio. The Sanctuary comprises the largest area of preserved open space in Newport County. There are 325 acres and 7 miles of hiking trails. The refuge contains hay fields, woodlands and ridges overlooking the ocean and ponds. Hanging Rock, a prominent local landmark, is located within the sanctuary overlooking the ocean. There is also a Visitor Center and gift shop, and a 19th-century barn museum featuring displays about the wildlife for children and adults.

Middletown, Rhode Island
Middletown is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 17,075 at the 2020 census. It lies to the south of Portsmouth and to the north of Newport on Aquidneck Island, hence the name "Middletown."
1928 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1928 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1928. Incumbent Republican Roland H. Hartley defeated Democratic nominee A. Scott Bullitt with 56.22% of the vote. This was the last gubernatorial election until 1980 in which a Republican carried Franklin County, Mason County, and Pierce County.

1980 Washington gubernatorial election
The 1980 Washington gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic governor Dixy Lee Ray ran for a second term, but lost in the primary to State Representative Jim McDermott. McDermott was defeated in the general election by Republican candidate John Spellman, the King County Executive. As of 2026, this is the last time a Republican was elected Governor of Washington, thus beginning the longest Democratic streak in any of the 50 state governorships once Spellman left office.
Hazlebadge
Hazlebadge is a hamlet and civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. Largely rural, Hazlebadge's population was reported as 25 residents in the 2021 census. It is 140 miles (230 km) north west of London, 30 miles (48 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 7 miles (11 km) east of the nearest market town of Chapel-en-le-Frith. Hazlebadge is wholly within the Peak District national park, and shares a border with the parishes of Abney and Abney Grange, Bradwell, Brough and Shatton, Great Hucklow as well as Little Hucklow. There are four listed buildings in Hazlebadge.

Bradwell, Derbyshire
Bradwell is a village and civil parish in the Derbyshire Peak District of England. The population in 2022 was 1,787. It lies south of the main body of the Hope Valley but is usually included among its settlements.
Nickel allergy
Nickel allergy is any of several allergic conditions provoked by exposure to the chemical element nickel. Nickel allergy often takes the form of nickel allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD), a form of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Ni-ACD typically causes a rash that is red and itchy and that may be bumpy or scaly.  The main treatment for it is avoiding contact with nickel-releasing metals, such as inexpensive jewelry. Another form of nickel allergy is a systemic form: systemic nickel allergy syndrome (SNAS) can mimic some of the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and also has a dermatologic component.

Hapten
Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”) are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. The mechanisms of absence of immune response may vary and involve complex immunological interactions, but can include absent or insufficient co-stimulatory signals from antigen-presenting cells.

Haptens have been used to study allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to induce autoimmune-like responses.

The concept of haptens emerged from the work of Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner,
who also pioneered the use of synthetic haptens to study immunochemical phenomena.
Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Sanskrit: बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद्, IAST: Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad) is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the first Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism. A key scripture to various schools of Hinduism, the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is tenth in the Muktikā or "canon of 108 Upanishads".

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is estimated to have been composed about 7th–6th century BCE, excluding some parts estimated to have been composed after the Chandogya Upanishad. The Sanskrit language text is contained within the Shatapatha Brahmana, which is itself a part of the Shukla Yajur Veda.
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is a treatise on Ātman (Self), includes passages on metaphysics, ethics, and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various Indian religions, ancient and medieval scholars, and attracted secondary works such as those by Adi Shankara and Madhvacharya.

Principal Upanishads
Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed between 800 BCE to the start of common era, these texts are connected to the Vedic tradition.
Zhongshan Torch Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone
Zhongshan Torch Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 火炬高技术产业开发区) also known as Zhongshangang Subdistrict (Chinese: 中山港街道) or Zhangjiabian Subdistrict (Chinese: 张家边街道), is a national-level hi-tech industrial development zone in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. Formerly the three subdistricts: THIDZ, Zhongshangang and Zhangjiabian were three separate subdistricts until they were merged in January 1993. The zone lies in the east of Zhongshan, with an area of 90 km2 (35 sq mi).  At the 2020 census, it has a population of 289,518.

It was jointly established by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Government and Zhongshan Municipal Government in 1990. Several national-level enterprises have established industrial bases in the zone.

Zhongshan
Zhongshan (Chinese: 中山 [ʈʂʊ́ŋ ʂán]), alternately romanized via Cantonese as Jungsaan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province, China. As of the 2020 census, the whole city with 4,418,060 inhabitants is now part of the Guangzhou–Shenzhen conurbation with 65,565,622 inhabitants. The city-core subdistricts used to be called Shiqi or Shekki (Chinese: 石岐).

Zhongshan is one of the few Chinese cities to be named after a person. It was originally named Xiangshan (香山, "Fragrant Mountain"; Cantonese: Heung-saan), but was renamed in 1925 in honor of Sun Yat-sen, who is known in China as "Sun Zhongshan". Sun was the founding father of the Republic of China who is also regarded positively by the People's Republic. He was born in Cuiheng village in Nanlang Township of what was then Xiangshan County.
Heat equation
In mathematics and physics (more specifically thermodynamics), the heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. The theory of the heat equation was first developed by Joseph Fourier in 1822 for the purpose of modeling how a quantity such as heat diffuses through a given region. Since then, the heat equation and its variants have been found to be fundamental in many parts of both pure and applied mathematics.

Dirac delta function
In mathematical analysis, the Dirac delta function (or  distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal to one. Thus it can be represented heuristically as

such that

Since there is no function having this property, modelling the delta "function" rigorously involves the use of limits or, as is common in mathematics, measure theory and the theory of distributions.

The delta function is named after physicist Paul Dirac, and has been applied routinely in physics and engineering to model point masses and concentrated loads. It is called the delta function because it is a continuous analogue of the Kronecker delta function. The mathematical rigor of the delta function was disputed until Laurent Schwartz developed the theory of distributions, where it is defined as a linear form acting on functions.
Ludwik Chałubiński
Ludwik Chałubiński (2 August 1860, in Warsaw – 17 April 1933, in Zakopane) was a Polish alpinist and chemical engineer.

Son of Tytus Chałubiński, Ludwik started climbing the Tatras at the age of 14, initially with his father and then with his friends. In 1877 together with guides Wojciech Roj and Maciej Sieczka, he made the first ascent of the Mięguszowiecki Szczyt Wielki. He was also the first to reach the summit of Młynarz (1885), the second to reach Baranie Rogi (1884), and the third on top of the Durny Szczyt (1881). He also climbed the Alps, where he was the first Pole to climb the Großglockner and Aletschhorn.

His daughter was Aniela Chałubińska was a Polish geographer, geologist and university professor.

Tytus Chałubiński
Tytus Aureliusz Chałubiński (29 December 1820, Radom – 4 November 1889, Zakopane) was a Polish physician, naturalist, and co-founder of the Polish Tatra Society. His collections of natural history specimens are now held in the Tatra Mountains Museum in Zakopane.
Linda Dangcil
Linda Dangcil (June 19, 1941 – May 7, 2009) was an American actress and dancer best known for her roles as Sister Ana in the ABC television series The Flying Nun and Carmen 'Raya' Alonso in the animated series Jem.

Dangcil was a native of San Francisco, California. She graduated from Immaculate Heart High School in Los Angeles. She returned to the high school throughout her career to choreograph and assist the school's theater productions.

Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles)
Immaculate Heart Middle & High School is a private, Catholic, college preparatory day school for girls grades 6-12. The school is located in the Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, at the base of Griffith Park. There are approximately 200 students in the middle school (grades 6–8) and over 550 in the high school (grades 9–12).
Oblique arytenoid
The oblique arytenoid is bilaterally paired intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It is superficial to the transverse arytenoid; the oblique and transverse arytenoids are often considered two parts of a single muscle - the interarytenoid muscle (which is then said to have an oblique part and a transverse part).

Each oblique arytenoid muscle attaches to both arytenoid cartilages; the two oblique arytenoids thus cross each other.

Some muscle fibres of the oblique arytenoid muscle proceed to extend laterally around the apex of arythenoid cartilage into the aryepiglottic fold, thus forming the aryepiglottic muscle.

Transverse arytenoid
The transverse arytenoid is an unpaired intrinsic muscle of the larynx. It is situated deep to the two oblique arytenoids; the oblique and transverse arytenoids are often considered two parts of a single muscle - the interarytenoid (arytenoid) muscle (which is then said to have an oblique part and a transverse part).

The transverse arytenoid bridges the gap between the two arytenoid cartilage in the larynx, occupying the concavity of the lateral surface of each cartilage.
1978–79 Boston College basketball point-shaving scandal
The 1978–79 Boston College basketball point-shaving scandal involved a scheme in which members of the American Mafia recruited and bribed multiple Boston College Eagles men's basketball players to ensure the team would either not win by the required margin (not cover the point spread) or win by the required margin (cover the point spread), thus allowing gamblers in the know to place wagers for or against that team and win.

Boston College Eagles men's basketball
The Boston College Eagles are a Division I college basketball program that represents Boston College in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States. The team has competed in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) since 2005, having previously played in the Big East. The Eagles have appeared in 18 NCAA Tournaments in their history, most recently in 2009.  Home games have been played at the Conte Forum since 1988. The Eagles are currently coached by Earl Grant.
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education
The Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of Education (SHBIE or Institut Pendidikan Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah) is a Bruneian research institute and graduate school of education, located at the Tungku campus of the Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD). It provides graduate programs with both faculty and a curriculum that aims to improve teaching standards and assist the national educational system.

Universiti Brunei Darussalam
The Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD or University of Brunei Darussalam) is a public national research university situated in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei, was founded in 1985 and is the oldest institution in the country. Nine research institutes, six academic service centres, and eight academic faculties make up the institution.