hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
15th Marine Expeditionary Unit
The 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit (15th MEU) is one of seven such units currently in existence in the United States Marine Corps. The Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) is a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) with a strength of about 2,200 personnel. The MEU consists of a command element, a reinforced infantry battalion, a composite helicopter squadron and a combat logistics battalion. The 15th MEU is currently based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California.

USS Dubuque (LPD-8)
47°33′10″N 122°39′09″W﻿ / ﻿47.5527306°N 122.6523807°W﻿ / 47.5527306; -122.6523807

USS Dubuque (LPD-8) was an Austin-class amphibious transport dock of the United States Navy.

USS Dubuque was the second ship named after Dubuque, Iowa on the Mississippi River and her founder, Julien Dubuque - a French Canadian explorer. USS Dubuque was commissioned on 1 September 1967 at Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Virginia.
Douglas DC-2
The Douglas DC-2 is a retired 14-passenger, twin-engined airliner that was produced by the American company Douglas Aircraft Company starting in 1934. It competed with the Boeing 247. In 1935, Douglas produced a larger version called the DC-3, which became one of the most successful aircraft in history.

Airspeed Ltd.
Airspeed Limited was established in 1931 to build aeroplanes in York, England, by A. H. Tiltman and Nevil Shute Norway (the aeronautical engineer and novelist, who used his forenames as his pen-name). The other directors were A. E. Hewitt, Lord Grimthorpe and Alan Cobham. Amy Johnson was also one of the initial subscribers for shares.
Amanzia
Amanzia (after Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly) is a genus of turiasaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Reuchenette Formation in Moutier, Switzerland. The type and only species is Amanzia greppini, originally named as a species of Ornithopsis and Cetiosauriscus.

Ornithopsis
Ornithopsis (meaning "bird-likeness") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England and possibly Germany. The type species, which is the only species seen as valid today, is O. hulkei, which is only known from fragmentary remains.
Haapsalu linnastaadion
Haapsalu linnastaadion (English: Haapsalu City Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Haapsalu, Estonia. The stadium holds 1,080 seating places of which 376 are under the roof. The address of the stadium is Lihula mnt 10, 90507 Haapsalu.

Haapsalu
Haapsalu (Estonian pronunciation: [ˈhɑːpsɑlu]) is a seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia. It is the administrative centre of Lääne County, and on 1 January 2020 it had a population of 9,375.
Lycoming R-680
The  Lycoming R-680 is a nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, the first aero engine produced by Lycoming. The engine was produced in two types, the E and B series; both are essentially the same. The B4E was available in a trainer version with a front exhaust collector "ring" for use without cylinder air baffles. R-680 received Approved Type Certificate No. 42 on 4 Feb 1930.

Lycoming Engines
Lycoming Engines is a major American manufacturer of aircraft engines. With a factory in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, Lycoming produces a line of horizontally opposed, air-cooled, four, six and eight-cylinder engines.

The company has built more than 325,000 piston aircraft engines and powers more than half the world's general aviation fleet, both rotary and fixed wing.

Lycoming has been a principal pioneer of turbine engines for medium and large helicopters, and has also produced engines for small jetliners and business jets.

Lycoming is an operating division of Avco Corporation, itself a subsidiary of Textron.
Wireless light switch
A wireless light switch is a light switch that commands a light or home appliance to turn itself off or on, instead of interrupting the power line going to the light fixture. There are different ways to communicate between the switch and the fixture:

Using radio transmission: A radio receiver is typically wired or screwed into a fixture or device, wired or otherwise connected to the electrical system of the building or plugged into an outlet. The radio receiver's memory is programmed by any number of means to respond to certain selected "switches" or (more correctly) remote control transmitters.

Using the existing power lines (such as INSTEON or X10): A receiver is plugged into an outlet and a device is then plugged into the receiver. The plug-in receiver is then programmed to the switches.  Some devices are hard wired into ceiling light fittings, making for a hidden system.

Light switch
In electrical wiring, a light switch is a switch most commonly used to operate electric lights, permanently connected equipment, or electrical outlets. Portable lamps such as table lamps may have a light switch mounted on the socket, base, or in-line with the cord. Manually operated on/off switches may be substituted by dimmer switches that allow controlling the brightness of lamps as well as turning them on or off, time-controlled switches, occupancy-sensing switches, and remotely controlled switches and dimmers. Light switches are also found in flashlights, vehicles, and other devices.
2010 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles
Defending champion Serena Williams defeated Vera Zvonareva in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. It was her fourth Wimbledon singles title and 13th major singles title overall. Williams did not lose a set during the tournament.

The reigning French Open champion Francesca Schiavone and runner-up Samantha Stosur both lost in the first round, marking the first time that the two French Open finalists lost in the opening round of Wimbledon.

Petra Kvitová (ranked 62nd) and Tsvetana Pironkova (ranked 82nd) reached the semifinals, marking the first time since 1999 that two unseeded players reached the semifinals. Pironkova became the first Bulgarian woman to reach a major semifinal.

2010 Wimbledon Championships
The 2010 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in the United Kingdom. It was the 124th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 21 June to 4 July 2010. It was the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II attended on Thursday 24 June 2010, for the first time in more than 30 years.

Roger Federer was the defending men's champion and first seed (was actually ranked 2nd), but he was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. Berdych also defeated third seed Novak Djokovic in the semi-finals, but was defeated in straight sets by Rafael Nadal in the final. Nadal won his second Wimbledon title, having previously won the 2008 title. Serena Williams successfully defended the women's crown, defeating Vera Zvonareva in the final to win her fourth Wimbledon title.
Israeli Declaration of Independence
The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (Hebrew: הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708), at the end of the civil war phase and beginning of the Arab–Israeli War of the 1948 Palestine war, by David Ben-Gurion, the executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.

It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine (or the Land of Israel in the Jewish tradition), to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. While celebrated in Israel as Independence Day, a national holiday on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar, Palestinians view the day as the start of Nakba, or "catastrophe", marking the mass displacements of Palestinians and the loss of homes and lands, and commemorate it annually on 15 May as Nakba Day.

Yehuda Leib Maimon
Yehuda Leib Maimon (Hebrew: יהודה לייב מימון‎‎; 1 January 1875 – 10 July 1962, also known as Yehuda Leib HaCohen Maimon) was an Israeli rabbi, politician and leader of the Religious Zionist movement. He was Israel's first Minister of Religion.
Djemo the Mountaineer
Djemo the Mountaineer (Serbian: Ђемо Брђанин, Đemo Brđanin) is a popular legendary hero of Serbian epic poetry who is depicted as the enemy of Kraljević Marko and the brother of Musa Kesedžija. His figure might be based on an actual historical person. There are disputed claims that he was a member of the Muzaka noble family from Albania (Gjin Muzaka), or that he was the Ottoman soldier Jegen Osman Pasha. Some authors, such as Russian folklorist Khalansky, connected him with Svyatogor; this is disputed by other scholars.

Yeğen Osman Pasha
Yeğen Osman Pasha or Yeğen Osman Aga was 17th-century Ottoman military officer of Armenian origin. After being commander of sekban (peasant mercenaries) units in Anatolia, he was appointed first to position of sanjakbey and serçeşme of the Sanjak of Karahisar-i Sahib. In 1687 for a couple of months he was also the beylerbey of Rumelia Eyalet, which was the highest position he held.
Jeremy McKinnon
Jeremy Wade McKinnon (born December 17, 1985) is an American singer and record producer. He is a founding member and lead vocalist of the rock band A Day to Remember.  He has produced albums for The Ghost Inside, Neck Deep, and Wage War.

The Ghost Inside (band)
The Ghost Inside, formerly known as A Dying Dream, is an American metalcore band from El Segundo, California. Formed in 2004, the band currently consists of vocalist Jonathan Vigil, guitarists Zach Johnson and Chris Davis, bassist Jim Riley and drummer Andrew Tkaczyk.

The group released a total of four studio albums in their initial run.  In 2015, the band members were injured in a bus crash and forced to take a hiatus to recover. The ensemble resumed activity in 2018, and have since released two more studio albums, with their sixth album, Searching for Solace, released on April 19, 2024.
Mark Hofmann
Mark William Hofmann (born December 7, 1954) is an American counterfeiter, forger, and convicted murderer. Widely regarded as one of the most accomplished forgers in history, Hofmann is especially noted for his creation of fake documents related to the history of the Latter Day Saint movement. When his schemes began to unravel, he constructed bombs to murder three people in Salt Lake City, Utah. The first two bombs killed two people on October 15, 1985. On the following day, a third bomb exploded in Hofmann's car. He was arrested for the bombings three months later, and in 1987 pled guilty to two counts of second-degree murder, one count of theft by deception, and one count of fraud.

Robert Lindsey (journalist)
Robert Hughes Lindsey Jr. (January 4, 1935 – December 19, 2025) was an American journalist and author of several true crime books, including The Falcon and the Snowman: A True Story of Friendship and Espionage (1979) and A Gathering of Saints: A True Story of Money, Murder and Deceit (1988).
Snaphance
A snaphance or snaphaunce is a type of firearm lock in which a flint struck against a striker plate above a steel pan ignites the priming powder which fires the gun. It is the mechanical progression of the wheellock firing mechanism, and along with the miquelet lock and doglock are predecessors of the flintlock mechanism.

The name is Dutch in origin but the mechanism cannot be attributed to the Netherlands with certainty.

Examples of this firearm can be found in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

Flintlock mechanism
The flintlock mechanism is a type of lock used on muskets, rifles, and pistols from the early 17th to the mid-19th century. It is commonly referred to as a "flintlock" (without the word mechanism). The term is also used for the weapons themselves as a whole, and not just the lock mechanism.

The flintlock mechanism, also known as the true flintlock, was developed in France in the early 17th century. It quickly replaced earlier technologies, such as the matchlock, wheellock and earlier flintlocks. It continued to be in common use for over two centuries, until it was finally replaced by the percussion lock.
Rory Feely
Rory Michael Feely (born 3 January 1997) is an Irish professional footballer who plays for League of Ireland First Division club Cork City. He previous clubs are St Patrick's Athletic where he started his professional career, Waterford, Bohemians, Barrow & Crawley Town.

Athy
Athy (/əˈθaɪ/ ə-THY; Irish: Baile Átha Í, meaning '[town of the] ford of Ae') is a market town at the meeting of the River Barrow and the Grand Canal in south-west County Kildare, Ireland, 72 kilometres southwest of Dublin. A population of 11,035 (as of the 2022 census) made it the sixth largest town in Kildare and the 45th largest in the Republic of Ireland, a growth of 82% since the 2002 census.
Chai Wan station
Chai Wan (Chinese: 柴灣) is the eastern terminus of the MTR Island line on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is the only station on the Island line that is elevated. The station is located at the junction of Chai Wan Road and Island Eastern Corridor, and serves Siu Sai Wan and Chai Wan, a primarily residential and industrial town. The bus terminus nearby has bus and minibus routes to Siu Sai Wan and Stanley, as well as the nearby residential developments. Chai Wan was also the southernmost railway station in Hong Kong, prior to the opening of Lei Tung station on the South Island line on 28 December 2016.

There were no platform screen doors when this station was opened, but the MTR Corporation has retrofitted automatic platform gates on both platforms in 2011.

Chai Wan Road
Chai Wan Road (Chinese: 柴灣道; Cantonese Yale: chaai4 waan1 dou6) located in Hong Kong, is one of the major roads in Chai Wan on Hong Kong Island. It runs from Shau Kei Wan to Chai Wan through Chai Wan Gap; with one of the steepest inclines in Hong Kong on either side, with signs posted 1 in 10 gradient. It is therefore popularly referred to as Cheung Meng Che (長命斜), or long-lived incline.

The road was the only way towards Chai Wan before the opening of the Island Eastern Corridor and MTR Island line. Currently, it is still the only pedestrian route connecting to Chai Wan.
Ciphertext
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decrypt it. This process prevents the loss of sensitive information via hacking. Decryption, the inverse of encryption, is the process of turning ciphertext into readable plaintext. Ciphertext is not to be confused with codetext, because the latter is a result of a code, not a cipher.

Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext usually means unencrypted information pending input into cryptographic algorithms, usually encryption algorithms. This usually refers to data that is transmitted or stored unencrypted.
Lamine Diarra
Lamine Diarra (born 20 December 1983) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a striker. He was capped once for Senegal at full level besides representing the country at the under-23 level.

Nicknamed Black Mamba and Mamba Di, due to his speed and clinical finishing, Diarra is best remembered for his time at Partizan and Antalyaspor.

2007–08 Serbian SuperLiga
The 2007–08 Serbian SuperLiga (known as the Meridian SuperLiga for sponsorship reasons) was the second season since its establishment in 2006. Red Star Belgrade were the defending SuperLiga champions, having won their twenty-fifth national title the season before.

The SuperLiga changed its format from this season. The League was no longer divided into a playoff and play-out group midway through the campaign. Instead the 12 teams played each other three times in a conventional league format. For the SuperLiga's inaugural season and this one the league had been named the Meridian SuperLiga. This however, was the last season that Meridian Bank had sponsorship rights to the SuperLiga. The rights to the Serbian SuperLiga were bought by Jelen and starting from the 2008–09 season the league was known as the Jelen SuperLiga.
Rüti Reformed Church
Reformierte Kirche Rüti (native German name, literally: Rüti Reformed Church) is an Evangelical Reformed church in the Swiss municipality of Rüti in the Canton of Zürich. It was built between 1214 and 1219 AD as the Romanesque style church of the then Premonstratensian Kloster Rüti, an abbey that was founded in 1206 by the House of Regensberg and suppressed in 1525 as part of the Reformation in Zürich.

Rüti, Zürich
Rüti (sometimes written as Rüti ZH in order to distinguish it from other "Rütis") is a Swiss town and a municipality in the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zürich. The river Jona flows through the town.
Zethrene
Zethrene (dibenzo[de,mn]naphthacene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two phenalene units fused together. According to Clar's rule, the two exterior naphthalene units are truly aromatic and the two central double bonds are not aromatic at all. For this reason the compound is of some interest to academic research. Zethrene has a deep-red color and it is light sensitive - complete decomposition under a sunlight lamp occurs within 12 hours. The melting point is 262 °C.

Phenalene
1H-Phenalene, often called simply phenalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).  Like many PAHs, it is an atmospheric pollutant formed during the combustion of fossil fuels. It is the parent compound for the phosphorus-containing phosphaphenalenes.

The name was proposed by German chemists in 1922 as a contraction of periphenonaphthalene.

It has been discovered in interstellar space in the Taurus Molecular cloud (TMC-1) as part of the QUIJOTE survey.
Syllophopsis
Syllophopsis is a genus of Myrmicine ants found across the Southern Hemisphere and the tropics except South America. It was regarded as a synonym of Monomorium before Ward et al. 2015 revalidated the genus.

Monomorium
Monomorium is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. As of 2013 it contains about 396 species. It is distributed around the world, with many species native to the Old World tropics. It is considered to be "one of the more important groups of ants," considering its widespread distribution, its diversity, and its variety of morphological and biological characteristics. It also includes several familiar pest species, such as the pharaoh ant (M. pharaonis) and the flower ant (M. floricola).
Eleanor Bernert Sheldon
Eleanor Harriet Bernert Sheldon (March 19, 1920 – May 8, 2021) was an American sociologist who was president of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) from 1972 to 1979, and was one of the key pioneers in the use of social indicators in sociology.  In the 1970s, as multinational corporations recognized the need to appoint women to their boards of directors, Sheldon became the first woman to serve on the boards of several major companies, including Citibank, Mobil, Heinz, and Equitable Holdings.

Social Science Research Council
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is a US-based, independent, international nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing research in the social sciences and related disciplines. Established in Manhattan in 1923, it maintains a headquarters in Brooklyn Heights with a staff of approximately 70.

The SSRC offers several fellowships to researchers in the social sciences and related disciplines, including for international fieldwork.
Sōya Subprefecture
Sōya Subprefecture (宗谷総合振興局, Sōya-sōgō-shinkō-kyoku) is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.  Its population is estimated to be 77,500 as of July 31, 2004 and its area is 4,050.84 square kilometres (1,564.04 sq mi).  It is the northernmost subprefecture of Japan.

Wakkanai Airport is located in Wakkanai. Rishiri Airport is located in Rishirifuji, Rishiri District.

Rishiri District, Hokkaido
Rishiri (利尻郡, Rishiri-gun) is a district located in Sōya Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.  The district encompasses Rishiri Island, situated in the Sea of Japan, to the west of the northern tip of Hokkaido.
James Biddle
James Biddle (February 18, 1783 – October 1, 1848), of the Biddle family, brother of financier Nicholas Biddle and nephew of Capt. Nicholas Biddle, was an American commodore. His flagship was USS Columbus.

Biddle family
The Biddle family of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is an Old Philadelphian family descended from English immigrants William Biddle (1630–1712) and Sarah Kempe (1634–1709), who arrived in the Province of New Jersey in 1681. Quakers, they had emigrated from England in part to escape religious persecution. Having acquired extensive rights to more than 43,000 acres (170 km2) of lands in West Jersey, they settled first at Burlington, a city which developed along the east side of the Delaware River.

William Biddle, 3rd (1698–1756), and John Biddle (1707–1789), two third-generation brothers, moved from Mount Hope (now Kinkora, near Bordentown, also on the east side of the Delaware), to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the 1720s and 1730s. They constituted the first generation of the Philadelphia Biddle family, which became involved in the business, political and cultural life of Pennsylvania and the United States.
Aikshaw
Aikshaw is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located approximately one-and-a-half miles north-west of the village of Westnewton, and three miles east of the village of Mawbray. Jericho is located approximately one mile to the east, with Edderside approximately a mile further to the south-east. Mealrigg is located half-a-mile to the south. Carlisle, Cumbria's county town, is located approximately twenty-two-and-a-half miles to the north-west. Aikshaw lies on the B5301 road, which runs from Silloth-on-Solway in the east via Tarns, Westnewton, and Aspatria to the A595 between Cockermouth and Bothel.

Holme St Cuthbert
Holme St Cuthbert is a small village and civil parish in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. The village is located 23 miles (37 km) south-west of Carlisle. The parish covers a largely rural area containing a number of small hamlets; the largest village is Mawbray. The parish had a population of 413 at the 2021 census.
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
The Second Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, usually called simply the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, and known locally as the War of '41 (Spanish: Guerra del 41), was a South American border war fought between 5–31 July 1941. It was the first of three military conflicts between Ecuador and Peru during the 20th century.

During the war, Peru occupied the western Ecuadorian province of El Oro and parts of the Andean province of Loja. Although the war took place during World War II, it is unrelated to that conflict, as neither country was supported by either the Allies or the Axis.

A ceasefire agreement between the two countries came into effect on 31 July 1941. Both countries signed the Rio Protocol on 29 January 1942, and Peruvian forces subsequently withdrew. Enmity over the territorial dispute continued after 1942, and the border disputes were not entirely resolved until the Cenepa War of 1995 and the signing of the Brasilia Presidential Act agreement in October 1998.

1st Army Division (Peru)
The 1st Army Division (Spanish: I División de Ejército), formerly the Northern Army Detachment (Spanish: Agrupamiento del Norte), is a combined infantry division unit of the Peruvian Army (EP) that specialized in combat patrol in mountain forest terrain, combined arms, counterinsurgency, jungle warfare, and maneuver warfare.