hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coat of arms of Egypt
The coat of arms of Egypt (شعار مصر) is known as the Republican Eagle, National Emblem of Egypt or Egyptian Golden Eagle, is a heraldic golden eagle, facing the viewer's left (dexter). The eagle's breast is charged with an escutcheon bearing the red-white-black bands of the flag of Egypt rotated vertically, whilst the eagle's talons hold a scroll bearing the official name of the state written in Kufic script. The earliest version of the Eagle of Saladin was that used as the flag of Saladin, the first Sultan of Egypt, whilst the modern version of the eagle was adopted during the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Subsequently, the modern design of the eagle of Saladin was adopted as the coat of arms of numerous other states in the Arab World, such as the United Arab Republic, North Yemen, Iraq, South Yemen, the Libyan Arab Republic, and Palestine. The current eagle was modified in 1984 to its present form.

Flag of Egypt
The national flag of Egypt is a tricolour consisting of the three equal horizontal red, white, and black bands of the Arab Liberation Flag that dates back to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. The flag bears Egypt's national emblem, the Egyptian eagle of Saladin, centred in the white band.
Ghost Guns
Ghost Guns is a 1944 American Western film directed by Lambert Hillyer. This is the thirteenth film in the "Marshal Nevada Jack McKenzie" series, and stars Johnny Mack Brown as Jack McKenzie and Raymond Hatton as his sidekick Sandy Hopkins, with Evelyn Finley, Riley Hill and Ernie Adams.

Johnny Mack Brown
John Brown (September 1, 1904 – November 14, 1974) was an American college football player and film actor billed as John Mack Brown at the height of his screen career. He acted and starred mainly in Western films.
Adam, Eve and Datsa
Adam, Eve and Datsa or Ar-Dan-Yal-Aye-Wa-Yal-Da-Tha-Yal (Burmese: အာဒမ်ရယ်၊ ဧဝရယ်၊ ဒဿရယ်) is a 2010 Burmese drama film produced by Heart & Soul Film Production. It was based on Ponnya Khin's novel Achit or Winkabar. It was directed by Wyne (Own Creator). Pyay Ti Oo, Sai Sai Kham Leng and Thet Mon Myint starred as the main characters. This film showed in Singapore on 4 September 2011 and Los Angeles in United States on 19 and 20 November 2011.

Pyay Ti Oo
Pyay Ti Oo (Burmese: ပြေတီဦး, born 30 November 1978) is a five time Myanmar Motion Picture Academy Awards winning film actor and advertising model in Myanmar. He is CEO of Pyay Ti Oo Education Foundation, which provides scholarships to economically disadvantaged students who have been accepted into medical school.
Racial quota
Racial quotas in employment and education are numerical requirements or quotas for hiring, promoting, admitting and/or graduating members of a particular racial group. Racial quotas are often established as means of diminishing racial discrimination, addressing under-representation and evident racism against those racial groups or, the opposite, against the disadvantaged majority group (see numerus clausus or bhumiputra systems). Conversely, quotas have also been used historically to promote discrimination against minority groups by limiting access to influential institutions in employment and education.

These quotas may be determined by governmental authority and backed by governmental sanctions. When the total number of jobs or enrollment slots is fixed, this proportion may get translated to a specific number.

Quotaism
Quotaism is the concept of organizing society by a quota system, whether by racial, gender, language or another demographic attribute. Examples of quotas include gender quotas, racial quota, and reservations. The basic premise is to have demographics represented at all levels and aspects of the civilization according to national statistics.

A quota system is often part of any affirmative action policies, but in those cases it is mainly used as a "target", within a single entity. Quotaism applies to the whole country and is enforced by legislation on all public and private entities.
Typing environment
In type theory, a typing environment (or typing context) represents the association between variable names and data types.

More formally, an environment  is a set or ordered list of pairs , usually written as , where  is a variable and  its type.

The judgement

is read as " has type  in context  ".

For each function body type checks:

Typing Rules Example:

In statically typed programming languages, these environments are used and maintained by typing rules to type check a given program or expression.

Typing rule
In type theory, a typing rule is an inference rule that describes how a type system assigns a type to a syntactic construction.: 94  These rules may be applied by the type system to determine if a program is well-typed and what type expressions have.  A prototypical example of the use of typing rules is in defining type inference in the simply typed lambda calculus, which is the internal language of Cartesian closed categories.
San Giorgio Monastery
The San Giorgio Monastery (St. George Monastery) is a Benedictine monastery in Venice, Italy, located on the island of San Giorgio Maggiore. It stands next to the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, which serves the monastic community. Most of the old monastic buildings currently serve as headquarters of the Cini Foundation.

Cini Foundation
The Giorgio Cini Foundation (Italian: Fondazione Giorgio Cini), or just the Cini Foundation, is a cultural foundation founded by industrialist and politician Vittorio Cini on 20 April 1951 in memory of Giorgio Cini, his son who died in an airplane accident near Cannes in August 1949.
Paulo Nogueira Neto
Paulo Nogueira Neto (18 April 1922 – 25 February 2019) was a Brazilian environmentalist. He headed the first federal environmental agency in Brazil, the forerunner of today's Ministry of the Environment, and was a member of the United Nations Brundtland Commission on the Environment and Development.  He had a major influence on Brazil's environmental legislation.

Brundtland Commission
The Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development, was a sub-organization of the United Nations (UN) that aimed to unite countries in pursuit of sustainable development. It was founded in 1983 when Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, appointed Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway, as chairperson of the commission. Brundtland was chosen due to her strong background in the sciences and public health.

The Brundtland Commission officially dissolved in 1987 after releasing Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report. The document popularized the term "sustainable development" and won the Grawemeyer Award in 1991. In 1988, the Center for Our Common Future replaced the commission.
Come In and Burn
Come In and Burn is the fifth full-length studio album by Rollins Band. Released in 1997 on DreamWorks Records, it is their major label debut. It is also the last album before vocalist Henry Rollins dissolved the band's "classic" lineup of guitarist Chris Haskett, bassist Melvin Gibbs, drummer Sim Cain and sound technician Theo Van Rock. Rollins later formed a new version of Rollins Band with musicians from Mother Superior, who provided his backing band from 1998 until 2006, when the classic Rollins Band lineup briefly reunited.

DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Records (often referred in copyright notices as SKG Music, LLC) was an American record label founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Mo Ostin, his son Michael Ostin and Lenny Waronker as a subsidiary of DreamWorks Pictures. The label operated until January 9, 2005, when it was sold to Universal Music Group. The label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005 then moved to MCA Nashville. The company's logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death on September 29, 1997. DreamWorks Pictures's DreamWorks Records catalogue is managed by Music Corporation of America, while its DreamWorks Nashville catalogue is managed by MCA Nashville.
Juan Pablo Forero
Juan Pablo Forero Carreño (born August 3, 1983) is a professional track and road cyclist from Colombia.  He has represented Colombia at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  where he won a silver medal in team pursuit with team mates Carlos Alzate, Arles Castro and Jairo Pérez.  He also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, PR China.  He was born in Cota, Cundinamarca.

Jairo Pérez (cyclist)
Jairo Pérez Suárez (born March 24, 1973, in Iza, Boyacá) is a male professional track and road cyclist from Colombia. He won a silver medal for his native country at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil alongside Carlos Alzate, Arles Castro and Juan Pablo Forero in the Men's Track Team Pursuit. He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, PR China.
Seok Rae-myeong
Seok Rae-myeong (May 19, 1936 – May 20, 2003) is a South Korean film director. Seok made his directorial debut with Until Next Time (1972). After the success of his film, Yalkae, a Joker in High School (1977), he directed Mischief's Marching Song (1977), Prankster of Girl's High School (1977) and Our High School Days (1978), leading a boom in teen movies during the late 1970s.

In 2009, Yalkae, a Joker in High School is issued as part of the third series of Korean film stamps by Korea Post, which also includes The Road to Sampo, Never Ever Forget Me and Chilsu and Mansu.

Yalkae, a Joker in High School
Yalkae, a Joker in High School (Korean: 고교얄개; RR: Gogyoyalgae) is a 1977 South Korean comedy film starring Lee Seung-hyeon, Kim Jeong-hun and Hah Myung-joong, and directed by Seok Rae-myeong. It was based on Cho Heun-pa's bestselling novel A Legend of Urchins (Yalgaejeon).
Jonathan Nez
Jonathan Nez (born May 26, 1975) is a Navajo politician who served as the 9th President of the Navajo Nation from 2019 to 2023. He previously served as Vice President and as a Navajo Nation Council delegate.

Earlier in his career, Nez served as a council delegate representing Tsah Bii' Kin, Navajo Mountain, Shonto, and Oljato Chapters. In 2024, he won the (uncontested) Democratic nomination to represent Arizona's 2nd congressional district, becoming "the first Indigenous political candidate in Arizona to clinch a major party nomination for a congressional seat," but lost to incumbent Republican Eli Crane in the general election.

Eli Crane
Elijah James Crane (born January 3, 1980) is an American politician, businessman, and former United States Navy SEAL serving as the U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, Crane was first elected to Congress after defeating Democratic incumbent Tom O'Halleran in 2022.

Before entering politics, Crane served in the United States Navy and co-founded Bottle Breacher, which he sold in 2022. The company, which attracted financial support on a 2014 episode of Shark Tank, produced patriotic themed bottle openers made from used bullets.

Crane won re-election in 2024 against Democratic nominee Jonathan Nez, the former Navajo Nation president.
Josèphe Jacquiot
Josèphe Jacquiot (French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf ʒakio]; 24 April 1910 – 2 August 1995) was a French Resistance fighter, numismatist, and politician. Noted for her work on the medals of Louis XIV and Louis XV, she was also the founder of the first co-educational school in the Île-de-France and a museum in her home of Montgeron; she also served as mayor of the town. The museum was later renamed in her honour as Musée Josèphe Jacquiot.

Montgeron
Montgeron (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ʒ(ə)ʁɔ̃] ⓘ) is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is in the northeast part of the department of Essonne. It is located 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from the center of Paris.

The café Au Reveil Matin at 22 Avenue Jean Jaurès was the departure point of the first Tour de France in 1903. Montgeron was also the starting point of the 21st (and last) stage of the 2017 Tour de France.
Storm of Kokenhusen
The Storm of Kokenhusen by the Russian Army under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was one of the first events of the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), a theater of the Second Northern War. On 14 August 1656 Russian troops stormed and captured the well-fortified town of Kokenhusen (Koknese) in Swedish Livonia (present-day Latvia)

According to the Tsar, this town “was very strong, had a deep moat, like a small brother of the Kremlin's moat, and its fortress is like a son of Smolensk's fortress”. Tsar also gave city new name, "Tsarevich-Dmitriev" (Russian: Царевич-Дмитриев) in honor of his infant son, Tsarevich Dmitry Alexeyevich of Russia, who had died in 1649. This new name didn't last since in 1681 city was returned to Swedish Livonia.  After capturing Kokenhusen, Russia gained control of the Daugava River and the way to Riga was opened.

Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)
The Russo-Swedish War of 1656–1658, known as the War of Rupture, was fought by Russia and Sweden as a theater of the Second Northern War. It took place during a pause in the contemporary Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) as a consequence of the Truce of Vilna. Despite initial successes, Tsar Alexis of Russia failed to secure his principal objective—to revise the Treaty of Stolbovo, which had stripped Russia of the Baltic coast at the close of the Ingrian War. The war ended in a Swedish victory.
Gina Tognoni
Gina Tognoni /toʊnˈjoʊni/ (born November 28, 1973) is an American actress, best known for her work with American daytime soap operas.  Her most notable performances include Kelly Cramer on One Life to Live, Dinah Marler on Guiding Light and Phyllis Summers on The Young and the Restless.

Kelly Cramer
Kelly Cramer is a fictional character on the long-running ABC soap opera One Life to Live. The role was originated by actress Gina Tognoni, who debuted on February 20, 1995, and played the character in her last appearance on August 24, 2011.
Lavalantula
Lavalantula is an American 2015 science fiction comedy horror thriller television film that takes place after a series of volcanic eruptions in Los Angeles unleashes a swarm of gigantic, lava-breathing tarantulas from which the film draws its title. It was directed by Mike Mendez and stars Steve Guttenberg, Nia Peeples and Patrick Renna. Ian Ziering appears as Fin Shepard, tying the film into the Sharknado film series universe. It premiered on Syfy on July 25, 2015.

Patrick Renna
Patrick Maxwell Renna (born March 3, 1979) is an American actor and film producer best known for his role as Hamilton "Ham" Porter in the 1993 baseball film The Sandlot. Some of his later projects include Bad Roomies, his first film as a producer; a recurring role on Netflix's hit series GLOW; and the independent film Monster Summer, which released in 2024.
New Otani Hotels
New Otani Co., Ltd. (株式会社ニューオータニ, Kabushiki-gaisha Nyū Ōtani) is a chain of hotels headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Their flagship hotel, the Hotel New Otani Tokyo opened in 1964. New Otani Hotels operates 18 hotels inside and 2 hotels outside Japan.

Hotel New Otani Tokyo
The Hotel New Otani Tokyo is a hotel in Chiyoda City, Tokyo, Japan. Opened in 1964 and operated by New Otani Hotels, the hotel has 1,479 rooms and 39 restaurants. It has hosted numerous heads of state and is home to a 400-year-old garden.
Thrombospondin
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of secreted glycoproteins with antiangiogenic functions. Due to their dynamic role within the extracellular matrix they are considered matricellular proteins. The first member of the family, thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), was discovered in 1971 by Nancy L. Baenziger.

Thrombospondin-2
Thrombospondin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THBS2 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the thrombospondin family. It is a disulfide-linked homotrimeric glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. The role of the protein in cancer is controversial, contrasting studies show positive and negative roles for cancer development.  Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this protein may modulate the cell surface properties of mesenchymal cells and be involved in cell adhesion and migration.
1964 Lowood 4 Hour
The 1964 Lowood 4 Hour was a motor race for production touring cars staged at the Lowood circuit in Queensland, Australia on 12 April 1964. The race, which was promoted by the Queensland Racing Drivers' Club Ltd., was the first of three Lowood 4 Hour races to be held at the circuit.

Whilst the emphasis was on class results, the Ford Cortina GT driven by Harry Firth and John Raeburn had completed the greatest number of laps at the end of the four hours. This same car, driven by Harry Firth and Bob Jane, had won the 1963 Armstrong 500 endurance race at Bathurst six months before and was using the same set of tyres that had been on the car during its earlier victory.

Lowood Airfield Circuit
The Lowood Airfield Circuit was a motor racing venue in Queensland, Australia. The circuit, which was used from 1946 to 1966, was located at a former wartime airfield site at Mount Tarampa, near Lowood, 72 km (45 mi) west of the state capital Brisbane. It utilised the airfield's runway for its 1.9 km (1.2 mi) long 200 m (220 yd) wide main straight and also used various taxiways and tarmac from the old hangar area. Lap distance was 4.54 km (2.82 mi).

The circuit was first used in June 1946 for the running of the Queensland Grand Prix, however it hosted only occasional meetings between then and 1956. In that year the Queensland Racing Drivers' Club took over the site, hosting their first meeting there in November and subsequently developing the circuit into Queensland's premier motor racing venue. The circuit was closed in November 1966.
Dennis Dart
The Dennis Dart is a rear-engined single-decker midibus chassis that was introduced by Dennis of Guildford, England, in 1989, replacing the Dennis Domino. Initially built as a high-floor design, in 1996 the low-floor second generation Dennis Dart SLF was launched. In 2001, production of the Dart SLF passed to TransBus International, during which time it was sold as the TransBus Dart SLF; Alexander Dennis took over production in 2004, renaming the product as the Alexander Dennis Dart SLF.

More than 12,600 Darts were produced in total during a 19-year production run. Most were purchased by United Kingdom operators, although examples were sold in Europe, North America, Australia and Hong Kong. In the United States, the Dart SLF, with Alexander ALX200 bodywork, was built and sold by Thomas Built Buses as the Thomas SLF 200.

The first generation Dart ceased production in 1998. Production of the Dart SLF continued until 2008, when it was replaced by the Alexander Dennis Enviro200.

Alexander Dennis
Alexander Dennis is a bus manufacturing company based in Larbert, Scotland. It is the largest bus and coach manufacturer in Scotland, with a 50% market share in 2019, it has manufacturing plants and partnerships in Canada, China, Europe, Hong Kong, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa and the United States.
1988 Memorial Cup
The 1988 Memorial Cup occurred May 7–14 at the Centre Georges-Vézina in Chicoutimi, Quebec.  It was the 70th annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).  Participating teams were the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League champion Hull Olympiques, the QMJHL runner-up, the Drummondville Voltigeurs, as well as the winners of the Western Hockey League and Ontario Hockey League which were the Medicine Hat Tigers and Windsor Spitfires.  The original host team, the Chicoutimi Saguenéens, did not participate as they did not make it far enough in the QMJHL playoffs. Although the Spitfires entered the Cup final having won 39 of the previous 40 games they had played, Medicine Hat won their second Memorial Cup in a row, defeating Windsor in the final game.

Drummondville Voltigeurs
The Drummondville Voltigeurs are a Canadian junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The franchise was originally granted for the 1982–83 season, and is based in Drummondville, Quebec, playing its home games at the Centre Marcel Dionne. The team won the QMJHL's President's Cup in 2009 and 2024.
Landau–de Gennes theory
In physics, Landau–de Gennes theory describes the NI transition, i.e., phase transition between nematic liquid crystals and isotropic liquids, which is based on the classical Landau's theory and was developed by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes in 1969. The phenomenological theory uses the  tensor as an order parameter in expanding the free energy density.

Q-tensor
In physics, -tensor is an orientational order parameter that describes uniaxial and biaxial nematic liquid crystals and vanishes in the isotropic liquid phase.  The  tensor is a second-order, traceless, symmetric tensor and is defined by

where  and  are scalar order parameters,  are the two directors of the nematic phase and  is the temperature; in uniaxial liquid crystals, . The components of the tensor are

The states with directors  and  are physically equivalent and similarly the states with directors  and  are physically equivalent.

The -tensor can always be diagonalized,

The following are the two invariants of the  tensor,

the first-order invariant  is trivial here. It can be shown that  The measure of biaxiality of the liquid crystal is commonly measured through the parameter
College of Southern Maryland
The College of Southern Maryland (CSM) is a public community college with campuses in Hughesville, La Plata, Leonardtown, and Prince Frederick, Maryland.  It serves students living in Southern Maryland's Charles, St. Mary's, and Calvert counties.

Hughesville, Maryland
Hughesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles County, Maryland, United States. The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census. Truman's Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Jung Dae-hyun
Jung Dae-hyun (Korean: 정대현; born June 28, 1993), also known mononymously as Daehyun, is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as an idol in the six-member group B.A.P under TS Entertainment, where he served as the main vocalist from 2012 to its dissolution in 2019. Following his departure from TS Entertainment, he released his debut mini-album Chapter2 "27" in April 2019. Jung has ventured into musical theater since being cast for Napoleon in 2017.

TS Entertainment
TS Entertainment (also known as TS ENTER (Korean: 티에스이엔티이알)) was a South Korean record label and entertainment agency founded in 2008 by Kim Tae‑song (김태송). It was located at Hannam-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea. The company was responsible for managing idol groups such as Untouchable, Secret, B.A.P., Sonamoo, and TRCNG.

Throughout the 2010s, TS Entertainment became known for multiple lawsuits from its artists and staff involving workplace abuse, extortion, and failure to pay company employees. The company quietly shut down in January 2021, with the rest of its artists' contracts expiring by 2022.
Seven Cities of Gold (film)
Seven Cities of Gold is a 1955 American historical adventure film directed by Robert D. Webb and starring Richard Egan, Anthony Quinn and Michael Rennie, filmed in DeLuxe Color and CinemaScope. It tells the story of the eighteenth-century Franciscan priest, Father Junípero Serra and the founding of the first missions in what is now California. The screenplay is based on the 1951 novel The Nine Days of Father Serra by Isabelle Gibson Ziegler. The tag line of the film was "This is the story of the making...and the forging...of California...when men chose gold or God...the sword or the Cross".

Michael Rennie
Michael Rennie (born Eric Alexander Rennie; 25 August 1909 – 10 June 1971) was a British film, television and stage actor, who had leading roles in a number of Hollywood films, including his portrayal of the space visitor Klaatu in the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951). In a career spanning more than 30 years, Rennie appeared in more than 50 films and in several American television series.