hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St Stephens by Launceston Rural
St Stephens by Launceston Rural is a civil parish in the east of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The modern parish was created in 1894 from the part of the ancient parish of St Stephen, also known as St Stephens by Launceston, which lay outside the borough boundaries of Launceston. The parish remains largely rural, with its main settlements being the hamlets of Dutson, Langore, and Truscott. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 350.

The parish lies immediately north-west of the town of Launceston and is bounded to the south by the parishes of Launceston, St Thomas the Apostle Rural, and Lawhitton. To the east it is bounded by the River Tamar (the border between Cornwall and Devon). To the north and north-west it is bordered by the parishes of Werrington, North Petherwin and Egloskerry.

Langore
Langore (Cornish: Nansgover) is a village in Cornwall, England. It is in the parish of St Stephens by Launceston Rural (where the population of the 2011 census was included.) and is about halfway between St Stephens and Egloskerry.
Grampian Marine
Grampian Marine Limited was a Canadian boat builder based in Oakville, Ontario. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats.

The company was founded by Jim Bisiker in 1962 and operated until 1977.

Classic 22
The Classic 22 is a Canadian trailerable sailboat that was designed by George Harding Cuthbertson of C&C Design, as a racer, daysailer and overnighter, first built in 1962.

The design was later developed into the Viking 22, Bluejacket 23 and the Gazelle 22.

The design was originally marketed by the manufacturer as the Classic 22, but was later sold as the Grampian Classic 22 and the Grampian 22 in slightly lightened versions.

It can be confused with the 1989 Classic 22 (Windley) design, which was also marketed as the Classic 22 by Classic Yachts.
Ephedra pedunculata
Ephedra pedunculata, common name vine Mormon tea or Comida de Vívora, is a plant species native to southern Texas and to Mexico as far south as Zacatecas. It grows in sandy or rocky slopes and outcrops.

Most species of Ephedra (called "Mormon tea") are shrubs, but Ephedra pedunculata is a trailing or clambering woody vine up to 7 m (23 ft) long. Bark is gray, becoming cracked with age. Leaves are opposite, up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long. Microsporangial (pollen-producing cones) are 1–2 mm long, compared to less than 1 mm in many other species. Seed cones are 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) long, each containing 2 ellipsoid seeds 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long.

This plant is also rich in flavonoids, which is used in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs. As of July 2025, 74 species, and two hybrids, are accepted. The species of Ephedra are widespread in many arid regions of the world, ranging across southwestern North America, southern Europe, northern Africa, southwest and central Asia, northern China, and western South America. It is the only extant genus in its family, Ephedraceae, and order, Ephedrales, and one of the three extant genera of the division Gnetophyta together with Gnetum and Welwitschia.

In temperate climates, most Ephedra species grow on shores or in sandy soils with direct sun exposure. Common names in English include joint-pine, jointfir, Mormon-tea, or Brigham tea. The Chinese name for Ephedra species is mahuang (simplified Chinese: 麻黄; traditional Chinese: 麻黃; pinyin: máhuáng; Wade–Giles: ma-huang; lit. 'hemp yellow'). Ephedra is the origin of the name of the stimulant ephedrine, which the plants contain in significant concentration.
Xinzhuang, Shanghai
31°07′15.9″N 121°22′12.2″E﻿ / ﻿31.121083°N 121.370056°E﻿ / 31.121083; 121.370056

Xinzhuang (simplified Chinese: 莘庄; traditional Chinese: 莘莊; pinyin: Xīnzhuāng) is a town located in Minhang District, Shanghai, China. The town was, by the early 21st century, essentially walking toward the greater Shanghai urban area. On April 15, 1999, Korean Air Cargo Flight 6316 crashed in Xinzhuang, killing all three people on board along with five more people on the ground.

Minhang, Shanghai
Minhang District is a suburban district of Shanghai with a land area of 371.57 km2 (143.46 sq mi) and population of 2,653,489 residents as of 2020. The original Minhang consist of present-day Jiangchuan Road Subdistrict (Former Minhang Town) and the eastern strip of Wujing along the Huangpu River in 1992, the surrounding Shanghai County merged with Minhang.

It is mostly a residential district, though it is also home to some of the many factories and production facilities in Shanghai. Residential housing development is the main source of local government revenue. Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena (旗忠森林体育城) is located in Ma Qiao Town (马桥镇). The Aerospace Museum is being constructed at Pujiang Town.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University and East China Normal University both have campuses in the southern part of Minhang District.
Symbol rate
In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling events across the transmission medium per unit of time. The symbol rate is a kind of aperiodic frequency, measured in baud (Bd) or symbols per second. In the case of a line code, the symbol rate is the pulse rate in pulses per second. Each symbol can represent or convey one or several bits of data. The symbol rate is related to the gross bit rate, expressed in bits per second.

Spectral efficiency
Spectral efficiency (alternatively, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency) refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium access control (the channel access protocol).
Ezio Flagello
Ezio Domenico Flagello (January 28, 1931 – March 19, 2009) was an Italian American opera singer who sang at the Metropolitan Opera from 1957 to 1984. He was a bass singer particularly associated with the Italian language repertory.

Nicolas Flagello
Nicolas Oreste Flagello (March 15, 1928 – March 16, 1994) was an American composer and conductor of classical music. He was one of the last American composers to develop a distinctive mode of expression based wholly on the principles and techniques of late romanticism.
Oflag IV-C
Oflag IV-C, generally known as Colditz Castle, was a prominent German Army prisoner-of-war camp for captured Allied officers during World War II. Located in Colditz, Saxony, the camp operated within the medieval Colditz Castle, which overlooks the town. The word "Oflag" is an abbreviation of the German term Offizierslager, meaning "officers' camp". The camp held officers who were deemed escape risks or who had already attempted escape from other prison camps. Known for its seemingly impenetrable structure, Colditz Castle became a site of numerous escape attempts, some of which were successful, earning a reputation for the ingenuity and daring of its prisoners. The camp's history and the elaborate escape plans conceived there have been widely covered in postwar memoirs, books, and media. Today, Colditz Castle has become a popular tourist destination, with guided tours, exhibitions and a museum dedicated to the prisoners' lives.

Lorne Welch
Patrick Palles Lorne Elphinstone Welch, (12 August 1916 – 15 May 1998), generally known just as "Lorne Welch", was the son of Brig Gen Malcolm Hammond Edward Welch CB CMG, who was born in 1872 in Ahmednuggur, India, to Frederick Gibson Terell Welch and Mary Hawke.

Lorne was a British engineer who became a pilot of gliders and powered aircraft in the 1930s.

He joined the UK Royal Air Force at the beginning of the Second World War, and after the war became a world-famous glider pilot.

Flying over Germany in 1942 as Captain of a twin-engined Wellington bomber, his aircraft was hit by German fire and was badly damaged.  He landed it in a field in the Netherlands and was captured by the Germans, becoming a prisoner of war (PoW) in the Stalag Luft prisoner camp.

Later, he tried to escape and was transferred to the camp at Colditz, where particularly aggressive Prisoners of War were locked up.
Abbreviation
An abbreviation (from Latin  brevis 'short') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing full stop (period). For example, the term etc. is the usual abbreviation for the Latin phrase et cetera.

SMS language
Short Message Service (SMS) language or textese is the abbreviated language and slang commonly used in the late 1990s and early 2000s with mobile phone text messaging, and occasionally through Internet-based communication such as email and instant messaging. Many call the words used in texting "textisms" or "Internet slang."

Features of early mobile phone messaging encouraged users to use abbreviations. 2G technology made text entry difficult, requiring multiple key presses on a small keypad to generate each letter, and messages were generally limited to 160 bytes (or 1280 bits). Additionally, SMS language made text messages quicker to type, while also avoiding additional charges from mobile network providers for lengthy messages exceeding 160 characters.
Côtes du Rhône AOC
Côtes du Rhône (French: [kot dy ʁon]) is a wine-growing Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for the Rhône wine region of France, which may be used throughout the region, also in those areas which are covered by other AOCs. In a limited part of the region, the Côtes-du-Rhône Villages AOC may be used, in some cases together with the name of the commune.

Côtes du Rhône are the basic AOC wines of the Rhône region, and exist as red, white and rosé wines, generally dominated by Grenache for reds and rosés, or Grenache blanc for whites.

Côtes-du-Rhône Villages AOC
Côtes-du-Rhône Villages (French pronunciation: [kot dy ʁon vilaʒ]) is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) produced in 95 settlements in the departments of the Ardèche, the Drôme, the Gard, and the Vaucluse in the southern Rhône wine region of France. Red, white and rosé wine are all produced within the appellation but not by all the named AOC villages, with the red wines being the predominant carrier of the distinction. The quality is superior to the generic Côtes-du-Rhône AOC, but below more specific appellations such as Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC and Vacqueyras AOC. Côtes-du-Rhône Villages is the second largest appellation in the Rhône, only surpassed in size by Côtes-du-Rhône AOC.
Bannertail
Bannertail: The Story of a Gray Squirrel is a children's novel written and illustrated by Ernest Thompson Seton. It was first published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1922. The novel was adapted into an animated television series, Bannertail: The Story of Gray Squirrel, in 1979.

Ernest Thompson Seton
Ernest Thompson Seton (born Ernest Evan Thompson; August 14, 1860 – October 23, 1946) was a Canadian and American author, wildlife artist, founder of the Woodcraft Indians in 1902 (renamed Woodcraft League of America), and one of the founding pioneers of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 1910.

Seton also influenced Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scouting movement. His writings were published in the United Kingdom, Canada, the US, and the USSR; his notable books related to Scouting include The Birch Bark Roll and the Boy Scout Handbook. He incorporated what he believed to be American Indian elements into the traditions of the BSA.
Fusiform gyrus
The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is part of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe in Brodmann area 37. The fusiform gyrus is located between the lingual gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus above, and the inferior temporal gyrus below. Though the functionality of the fusiform gyrus is not fully understood, it has been linked with various neural pathways related to recognition. Additionally, it has been linked to various neurological phenomena such as synesthesia, dyslexia, and prosopagnosia.

Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain.

The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association.: 21 
Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Perfugas
Perfugas (Gallurese: Pelfica; Sardinian: Pèifugas) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) north of Cagliari and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Sassari.

Perfugas borders the following municipalities: Bortigiadas, Bulzi, Chiaramonti, Erula, Laerru, Martis, Santa Maria Coghinas, Tempio Pausania.

Sights include the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli (16th-17tj centuries), home to the so-called retablo of San Giorgio, one of the largest altarpieces in Sardinia,  the Catalan Gothic-style church of San Giorgio, and the so-called "Sacred Pit of Predio Canopoli", a nuraghe era archaeological site.

Bortigiadas
Bortigiadas (Gallurese: Bultigghjata, Sardinian: Bortigiadas) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Gallura North-East Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 190 kilometres (120 mi) north of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Olbia.

Bortigiadas borders the following municipalities: Aggius, Perfugas, Santa Maria Coghinas, Tempio Pausania, Viddalba.
Community Newspapers Inc.
Community Newspapers, Inc. is an American publisher of newspapers and advertising-related publications throughout the southeastern United States. The company was formed in 1967 by Newton Jerue Babb, and is based in Athens, Georgia. It owns and operates about 25 newspapers. As of 2023, approximately ten employees work at the company's headquarters in Athens. Another 500 work at other locations.

Cherokee Scout
The Cherokee Scout is a weekly newspaper in Murphy, North Carolina, and Cherokee County. It is one of the largest newspapers in far-west North Carolina.

The newspaper goes to press and is published online on Tuesdays. Its print edition is mailed on Wednesdays. The Scout had a paid circulation of 5,748 in 2023. The paper is published by Community Newspapers, Inc. (CNI), Athens, Georgia.

The Scout publishes a number of special sections throughout the year. It has published "Readers Choice Awards" since 2005. The newspaper also prints an annual football guide named "Pigskin Preview," an annual basketball guide, "Mountain Hoops," and other guidebooks on schools, health, and veterans.
Petit Bouschet
Petit Bouschet  is a red teinturier grape variety that is a crossing of Aramon noir and Teinturier du Cher created in 1824 by French grape breeder Louis Bouschet at his vineyard in Mauguio in the Hérault department. The grape was used by Louis' son, Henri Bouschet, to create several more varieties including Alicante Bouschet, Grand Noir de la Calmette and Morrastel Bouschet. Petit Bouschet saw a surge of plantings in the late 19th century as France recovered from the phylloxera epidemic where it was often used to add color to blends made from hybrid grapes and other high yielding varieties. As its offspring Alicante Bouschet became more popular, plantings of Petit Bouschet fell off and the grape is now hardly found in France.

Teinturier grape
Teinturier grapes (French pronunciation: [tɛ̃tyʁje]) are grapes whose flesh and juice are red in colour due to anthocyanin pigments accumulating within the pulp of the grape berry itself.  In non-teinturier red grapes, anthocyanin pigments are confined to the outer skin tissue only, and the squeezed grape juice of most dark-skinned grape varieties is clear. The red color of red wine normally comes from anthocyanins extracted from the macerated (crushed) skins, over a period of days during the fermentation process. The name teinturier comes from French, meaning "dyer".
Perrys Lookdown
Perry's Lookdown is situated on the edge of the Grose Valley in the Blue Mountains, Australia. It is believed to have been named by Frederick Eccleston Du Faur after either Samuel Augustus Perry or a local innkeeper. Free campsites (five individual sites) are adjacent to the car park. The Blue Gum Forest is often accessed by foot from here, 656 vertical metres below the lookdown. The road to Blackheath is unsealed.

Blue Gum Forest
The Blue Gum Forest is a  forest located in Blue Mountains National Park within the Grose Valley of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales west of Sydney, southeastern Australia. It is one of the best-known bushwalking sites in Australia. The forest is located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Greater Blue Mountains Area. The forest survived through the efforts of early Australian conservationists.
Sterilization (microbiology)
Sterilization (British English: sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents (such as prions or viruses) present in fluid or on a specific surface or object. Sterilization can be achieved through various means, including heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection, sanitization, and pasteurization, in that those methods reduce rather than eliminate all forms of life and biological agents present. After sterilization, fluid or an object is referred to as being sterile or aseptic.

Steam
Steam is water vapor, often mixed with air and/or an aerosol of liquid water droplets. This may occur by evaporation or by boiling, where heat is applied until water reaches the enthalpy of vaporization. Superheated or saturated steam is invisible; however, wet steam, a visible mist or aerosol of water droplets, is often referred to as  "steam".: 6

When liquid water becomes steam, it increases in volume by 1,700 times at standard temperature and pressure; this change in volume can be converted into mechanical work by steam engines such as reciprocating piston-type engines and steam turbines. Piston-type steam engines played a central role in the Industrial Revolution, and steam-based generation today produces 80 percent of the world's electricity. If liquid water comes into contact with a very hot surface or depressurizes quickly below its vapor pressure, it can create a steam explosion.
Tubulariidae
Tubulariidae is a family of hydroid cnidarians. For long placed in a presumed superfamily or infraorder Tubulariida of suborder Capitata, they are actually close relatives of the Hydridae and are now united with these and a number of relatives in a newly recognized suborder Aplanulata. Most if not all species in this family grow on stalks and resemble small flowers.

According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following genera are found in this family:

Bouillonia Petersen, 1990

Ectopleura

Hybocodon L.Agassiz, 1860

Lobataria Watson, 2008

Ralpharia Watson, 1980

Tubularia

Zyzzyzus

Hybocodon
Hybocodon is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Tubulariidae, and was first described by Louis Agassiz in 1860.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Hybocodon apiciloculatus Xu & Huang, 2006

Hybocodon atentaculatus Uchida, 1948

Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905

Hybocodon cryptus Watson, 1984

Hybocodon octopleurus Kao, Li & L.i.Chang, 1958

Hybocodon prolifer Agassiz, 1860

Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902)
Hexanematichthys sagor
Hexanematichthys sagor, the Sagor catfish, Sagor sea catfish, Sunda sea-catfish, marine catfish or dusky catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822, originally under the genus Pimelodus. It inhabits estuaries and freshwater bodies in numerous areas of the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean. It reaches a maximum total length of 45 cm (18 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 30 cm (12 in).

The diet of the Sagor catfish consists of finfish and benthic invertebrates. Its meat is sold fresh.

Ariidae
The Ariidae or ariid catfish are a family of catfish that mainly live in marine waters with many freshwater and brackish water species. They are found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate zones. The family includes about 143 species.

The Ariidae are among the oldest known siluroid catfish known from fossil remains. Fossilized pectoral spines and skull bone fragments of ariid catfish are known from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) of Argentina. The ariid relative Vorhisia is known from highly abundant fossil otoliths from Maastrichtian-aged nearshore marine formations of North America.
Esta Noche (gay bar)
Esta Noche (English: Tonight) was the first Latino gay bar in San Francisco, and notably contributed to queer Latin culture. It operated from 1979 to 2014, and was located at 3079 16th Street between Valencia Street and Mission Street in San Francisco, California.

It was attractive to many Latino individuals in the community because it provided a space to drink, party, engage in hookup culture, organize and perform. Esta Noche was also a place where people of other races and ethnicities could embrace Hispanic culture and engage in interracial relations. The bar first opened in 1979 and was the last Latino bar standing on 16th Street by 1997. After 30 years of operation, Esta Noche closed in 2014 as a result of increased rent and property taxes caused by gentrification.

Adela Vázquez
Adela Vázquez (November 13, 1958 – October 11, 2024) was a Cuban-American transgender activist and performer. Hailing from Cuba during a time of political uprising, Vázquez was one of 125,000 people who sought asylum and migrated  in the Mariel Boat lifts in 1980. Local to San Francisco's gay scene, Vázquez began to organize with HIV prevention organization Proyecto ContraSIDA Por Vida (also known as PCPV, or Proyecto) and became a community activist for transgender rights.
Aroresa
Aroresa is a woreda in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Located at the eastern tip of the Sidama Zone that extends into the Oromia Region like a peninsula, Aroresa is bordered on the south and southeast by that Region, on the northwest by Bensa, and on the north by Chere. The major town in Aroresa is Mejo. Chere woreda was separated from Aroresa.

According to a 2004 report, Aroresa had 20 kilometers of all-weather roads and no kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 23 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Chere (woreda)
Chere is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Sidama Zone Chere is bordered on the south by Aroresa, on the west by Bensa, and on the north and east by the Oromia Region. Chere was separated from Aroresa woreda.
1940 Virginia state highway renumbering
In late 1940, the Commonwealth of Virginia renumbered some of its state highways in order to provide continuous numbers across state lines. At the same time, Maryland, North Carolina, and West Virginia took part by renumbering some of their highways to match Virginia's, and Tennessee planned to renumber one of its highways but never did.

Virginia State Route 49
State Route 49 (SR 49) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 69.01 miles (111.06 km) from the North Carolina state line in Virgilina, Virginia in Halifax County, where the highway continues south as North Carolina Highway 49 (NC 49), north to U.S. Route 360 (US 360) near Burkeville in Nottoway County.  SR 49 passes through Southside Virginia, connecting Virgilina and Burkeville with Clarksville and Chase City in Mecklenburg County, Victoria in Lunenburg County, and Crewe in Nottoway County.  Via US 360, the state highway connects Richmond with the John H. Kerr Reservoir.