hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rafaqat Ali Khan
Ustad Rafaqat Ali Khan is a Pakistani singer-songwriter and musician. Trained as a classical singer, he is the son of the classical music singer Nazakat Ali Khan and nephew of Salamat Ali Khan of Sham Chaurasia gharana. He is the cousin of classical music singer Shafqat Ali Khan. With his career spanning over two decades, Rafaqat Ali Khan has established himself as a successful artist releasing a total of eleven albums.

He also was marked as a playback singer for Krrish, Dhokha and Youngistaan earning widespread acclaim for his singing. In 2016, Khan marked his Coke Studio (Pakistan) debut as a featured artist and sang Tu Kuja Man Kuja in Coke Studio Pakistan (season 9), as a part of the team of Sheraz Uppal (pal).

Tu Kuja Man Kuja
"Tu Kuja Man Kuja" (Persian: تو کُجا من کُجا transl. Where are You? Where am I?) is a qawwali performed by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. It was composed by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan himself and written by Muzaffar Warsi.
Johann Leopold Bärnklau
Johann Leopold Bärnklau zu Schönreith or Bernklau (1700 – 10 August 1746) became an Austrian general during the Austro-Turkish War (1737–1739) and commander during the War of the Austrian Succession. In the latter war, he fought in Bavaria in 1742–1744, on the Rhine in 1744-1745, and in Italy in 1746. He was killed at the Battle of Rottofreddo. In 1743, he became inhaber (proprietor) of Infantry Regiment Nr. 49 and held the position until his death.

Battle of Rottofreddo
The Battle of Rottofreddo or Rottofreno (10 August 1746) was fought during the War of Austrian Succession between a Habsburg Austrian army and a Bourbon army consisting of Spanish and French forces. The Spanish were led by Jean Thierry du Mont, comte de Gages and the French by Jean-Baptiste Francois des Marets, marquis de Maillebois. The Franco-Spanish army was isolated by the Austrian and Sardinian armies and trying to escape after being badly defeated in the Battle of Piacenza. In a bold move led by Marshal Maillebois, the Bourbon army crossed to the south bank of the Po River west of Piacenza, intending to march west. Austrian forces led by Antoniotto Botta Adorno attacked the Franco-Spanish rearguard, inflicting serious losses, but were unable to prevent the Bourbon army from getting away to Tortona.
Hal Ozsan
Halil Özşan (/ˈoʊzæn/; born 26 October 1976), known professionally as Hal Ozsan, is a Turkish Cypriot actor. As an actor, he came to prominence for his role as Todd Carr in Dawson's Creek. He has gone on to appear in various series regular and recurring roles on shows such as  Jessica Jones, NCIS: New Orleans, The Blacklist, Graceland, Impastor, 90210, and Kyle XY.

As a screenwriter and producer, he is known for being co-executive producer and co-writer of the Viceland comedy What Would Diplo Do? starring his Dawson's Creek co-star James Van Der Beek.

Ozsan fronted the band Poets and Pornstars as a musician until 2008, with his music featured in such media as Californication and So You Think You Can Dance.

Kyle XY
Kyle XY is an American science fiction television series created by Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber and produced by ABC Studios. The central character is a teenage boy (Matt Dallas) who awakens naked in a forest outside Seattle, Washington, with amnesia and no belly button. He is taken in by a family and given the name Kyle. The series follows Kyle as he tries to solve the puzzles of who he is and why he has no memory before that day. Although set in Seattle, the series was filmed in the Vancouver, British Columbia area.

The series premiered June 26, 2006, on the ABC Family cable channel. The series ran for three seasons, ending on March 16, 2009. The final episode featured several cliffhangers, which were eventually resolved in a special feature on the third season DVD.
Japanese velvet dogfish
Sharks portal

The Japanese velvet dogfish (Scymnodon ichiharai) is a harmless deepwater sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae, found in the northwest Pacific from Suruga Bay and adjacent waters of Japan at depths of between 500 and 800 metres (1,600 and 2,600 ft).  Reproduction is ovoviviparous.

Somniosidae
The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks. The common name "sleeper shark" comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature.
German submarine U-119 (1942)
German submarine U-119 was a Type XB minelaying U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She was laid down at the Germaniawerft in Kiel on 15 May 1940 as yard number 624. She was launched on 6 January 1942 and commissioned under Kapitänleutnant Alois Zech on 2 April 1942, he was replaced by Kptlt. Horst-Tessen von Kameke on 15 April 1943, who remained in command until her loss.

U-119's service career began with the 4th U-boat Flotilla on 2 April 1942 where she underwent training. She was declared operational on 1 February 1943 when she moved over to the 12th flotilla.

Type X submarine
The Type X (XB) U-boat was a class of large minelaying U-boats built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine from 1939 to 1945. Eight were built during World War II. Although intended as long-range mine-layers, they were mainly used as supply submarines, a task they shared with the Type XIV. Six were lost during the war, one surrendered at sea to the United States Navy and the last one was captured by the Imperial Japanese Navy at the German base of Jakarta.
SS Friedrich Karl
Friedrich Karl was a cargo ship which was built by Neptun Werft, Rostock in 1938. She was requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine during the Second World War, serving as the vorpostenboot V 108 Friedrich Karl and the sperrbrecher Sperrbrecher 138. She struck a mine and sank off Borkum on 23 December 1942.

Sperrbrecher
A Sperrbrecher (German; informally translated as "pathfinder" but literally meaning "mine barrage breaker"), was a German auxiliary ship of the First World War and the Second World War that served as a type of minesweeper, steaming ahead of other vessels through minefields and detonating them with its reinforced hull. Also used as anti-aircraft ships, the Sperrbrecher suffered heavy losses in the war.
Senate, Saskatchewan
Senate is an unincorporated community within the Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51, Saskatchewan, Canada. The village had a population of 63 around 1940 and has since declined to 0 residents. The townsite is located along Highway 21 and Highway 13 (also known as the Red Coat Trail), about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the Alberta–Saskatchewan border and is about 200 kilometres (120 mi) south-west of the city of Swift Current.

Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51
The Rural Municipality of Reno No. 51 (2021 population: 343) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 4 and SARM Division No. 3. Located in the southwest corner of the province, it is adjacent to the United States border to the south and the Alberta boundary to the west.
Klassfesten
Klassfesten ("The Class Reunion") is a 2002 Swedish comedy/drama film written and directed by Måns Herngren and Hannes Holm. The film stars Björn Kjellman, Cecilia Frode, Inday Ba, Henrik Hjelt, Lisa Lindgren and Ulf Friberg. The film was released on 27 February 2002 in Sweden.

Björn Kjellman
John Björn Sture Kjellman (born 4 June 1963) is a Swedish actor and singer.

Kjellman was born in Östra Grevie, Scania. He played roles in Swedish movies like Klassfesten and Livet är en schlager, in which he plays a Melodifestivalen-obsessed transvestite who is brother to Helena Bergström's character, who takes part in the Swedish Melodifestivalen in the movie.

Kjellman participated in Melodifestivalen 2006 with the song "Älskar du livet", and reached the final where it ended up 9th.

He played the iconic Pelle in SVT 1997 Julkalender ”Pelle Svanslös”.

He took part in Stjärnorna på slottet in 2020, broadcast on SVT.
Erlangen-Höchstadt
Erlangen-Höchstadt is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Fürth, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, Bamberg, Forchheim and Nürnberger Land, and by the cities of Nuremberg and Erlangen. The city of Erlangen is not part of the district, but nonetheless its administrative seat.

Fürth (district)
Fürth is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the east and clockwise) the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg, and by the districts of Roth, Ansbach, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and Erlangen-Höchstadt.
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital (French: Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, IPA: [opital ynivɛʁsitɛːʁ də la pitje salpɛtʁijɛʁ]) is a charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the AP-HP Sorbonne University Hospital Group and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.

Teaching hospital
A teaching hospital or university hospital is a hospital or medical center that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.

Teaching hospitals use a residency program to educate qualified physicians, podiatrists, dentists, and pharmacists who are receiving training after attaining the degree of MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, PharmD, BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, or BMed. Those that attend a teaching hospital or clinic practice medicine under the direct or indirect supervision of a senior medical clinician registered in that specialty, such as an attending physician or consultant. The purpose of these residency programs is to create an environment where new doctors can learn to practice medicine in a safe setting which is supervised by physicians that provide both oversight and education.
Methyl-TMA
Methyl-TMA, or N-methyl-TMA, also known as N-methyl-3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and 3C families. It is the N-methyl derivative of 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) as well as the α,N-dimethyl derivative of mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine).

3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine
3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA, TMA-1, or 3,4,5-TMA), also known as α-methylmescaline (3C-mescaline or 3C-M) or mescalamphetamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA) series of positional isomers. The drug is notable in being the amphetamine (α-methylated) analogue of mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine).
Bernard J. Gehrmann
Bernard John Gehrmann (February 13, 1880 – July 12, 1958) was a German American immigrant, farmer, and Progressive Republican politician.  He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for four terms, representing Wisconsin's 10th congressional district from 1935 through 1943.  He also served four years in the Wisconsin Senate and 12 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing Ashland County.

Wisconsin Progressive Party
The Wisconsin Progressive Party (1934–1946) was a political third party that briefly held a major role in Wisconsin politics under the two sons of the late Robert M. La Follette. It was on the political left wing, and it sometimes cooperated with the New Deal.
Leopold Godowsky
Leopold Mordkhelovich Godowsky Sr. (/ɡəˈdɔːfski, ɡɔː-/; 13 February 1870 – 21 November 1938) was a virtuoso pianist, composer and teacher, born in what is now Lithuania to Jewish parents, who became an American citizen in 1891. He was one of the most highly regarded performers of his time, known for his theories concerning the application of relaxed weight and economy of motion within pianistic technique – principles later propagated by his pupils, such as Heinrich Neuhaus.

He was heralded among musical giants as the "Buddha of the Piano". Ferruccio Busoni claimed that he and Godowsky were "the only composers to have added anything of significance to keyboard writing since Franz Liszt."

As a composer, Godowsky is best known for his Java Suite, Triakontameron, Passacaglia and Walzermasken, alongside his transcriptions of works by other composers; the best-known of these works are the 53 Studies on Chopin's Études (1894–1914).

Triakontameron
Triakontameron is a suite of 30 pieces in six volumes for piano composed from 1919 to 1920 by Leopold Godowsky; each was written in a single day, and all are written in three-four time. The entire suite took Godowsky over five months (7 August 1919, Seattle - 20 January 1920, Chicago) to complete, with twenty being composed in Seattle, and the rest being composed intermittently between Los Angeles, New York, and the final piece in Chicago. The pieces were not presented in order of composition.

The title was inspired by that of Boccaccio's Decameron.  The work was written in a period of ten days, with the concept of the suite being a ten-day journey where ten people tell 100 stories. Among the best-known excerpts of the suite are Alt Wien, Nocturnal Tangier, and Ethiopian Serenade.
Drue Heinz
Doreen Mary Heinz DBE FRSL (née English; March 8, 1915 – March 30, 2018), known as Drue Heinz, was a British-born American actress, philanthropist, arts patron, and socialite. She was the publisher of the literary magazine The Paris Review (1993 to 2007), co-founded Ecco Press, founded literary retreats and endowed the Drue Heinz Literature Prize among others. She was married to H. J. Heinz II, president of Heinz.

The Paris Review
The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton.

The Review's "Writers at Work" series includes interviews with Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, T. S. Eliot, Jorge Luis Borges, Ralph Ellison, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Robert Frost, Pablo Neruda, William Carlos Williams, and Vladimir Nabokov, among hundreds of others. Literary critic Joe David Bellamy wrote that the series was "one of the single most persistent acts of cultural conservation in the history of the world."

The headquarters of The Paris Review moved from Paris to New York City in 1973. Plimpton edited the Review from its founding until his death in 2003.
Thieves (1919 film)
Thieves is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Frank Beal. Douglas Bronston wrote the screenplay and Will C. Beale the story. The cast includes Gladys Brockwell, William Scott, Hayward Mack, Jean Calhoun, W. C. Robinson, Bobby Starr, John Cossar, Yukio Aoyama, and Marie James. The plot involves a crook gone straight and a love story.

Yukio Aoyama
Masajiro Kaihatsu, known professionally as Yukio Aoyama, was an actor and assistant director in the United States during the silent film era. He appeared in about 60 silent films and serials after immigrating from Tokyo to appear in films. His son Arthur Aoyama (Arthur Kaihatsu) was a child actor. Aoyama was one of several Japanese actors in Hollywood and he was involved with a theater production of the Japanese tragedy, Matsuo.
The Heart of Humanity
The Heart of Humanity is a 1918 American silent war propaganda film produced by Universal Pictures and directed by Allen Holubar. The film stars Dorothy Phillips, William Stowell, and Erich von Stroheim.

Dorothy Phillips
Dorothy Phillips (born Dorothy Gwendolyn Strible, October 30, 1889 – March 1, 1980) was an American stage and film actress. She is known for her emotional performances in melodramas, having played a number of "brow beaten" women on screen, but had a pleasant demeanor off. She garnered little press for anything outside of her work.
Loretto Academy (El Paso, Texas)
Loretto Academy is a private Roman Catholic school in El Paso, Texas. It was opened in 1923 and was founded by Mother M. Praxedes Carty. is a part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of El Paso. Grades Pre-K3-5 are coeducational, while grades 6-12 are all girls.

Mother Praxedes Carty
Mother Mary Praxedes Carty (born Susan Carty; 1854 – 16 December 1933) was an Irish American educator and member of the Roman Catholic order of the Sisters of Loretto. Mother Praxedes worked throughout the Southwestern and Western areas of the United States building and improving churches and schools. She is known for updating the constitution for the order of the Sisters of Loretto,  helping to build the school now known as Webster University and for founding the Loretto Academy in El Paso, Texas.
Diictodon
Diictodon (meaning "two weasel teeth") is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont that lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 255 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Madumabisa Mudstone of the Luangwa Basin in Zambia and the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Abrahamskraal Formation, Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Middleton or Balfour Formation of South Africa and the Guodikeng Formation of China. Roughly half of all Permian vertebrate specimens found in South Africa are those of Diictodon. This small herbivorous animal was one of the most successful synapsids in the Permian period.

Teekloof Formation
The Teekloof Formation is a geological formation that forms part of the Beaufort Group, one of the five geological groups that comprises the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa. The Teekloof Formation is the uppermost formation of Adelaide Subgroup deposits West of 24ºE and contains Middle to Late Permian-aged (Guadalupian to Lopingian) deposits and four biozones (Pristerognathus, Tropidostoma, Cistecephalus, and Daptocephalus assemblage zones) of the Beaufort Group. It overlies the Abrahamskraal Formation (the western correlate of the Middleton Formation). The Teekloof Formation does not underlie other units other than the younger Karoo dolerites and sills that relate to the emplacement of the Early Jurassic Drakensberg Group to the east. Outcrops and exposures of the Teekloof Formation range from Sutherland through the mountain escarpments between Fraserburg and Beaufort West. The northernmost localities of the Teekloof Formation are found by Loxton, Victoria West and Richmond.
Francis J. Vassallo
Francis J. Vassallo is a Maltese economist. He was Governor of the Central Bank of Malta from 1992 to 1997.  He is also chairman of his own corporate services business Francis J. Vassallo & Associates Ltd.

Central Bank of Malta
The Central Bank of Malta (Maltese: Bank Ċentrali ta’ Malta) is the national central bank for Malta within the Eurosystem. It was the Maltese central bank from 1968 to 2007, issuing the Maltese lira.

The Central Bank of Malta Act was originally published by means of Act XXXI of 1967, succeeded the Board of Commissioners of Currency of Malta which had been in operation since 1940. It has been amended a number of times, most recently by Acts I and IV of 2007 in order to provide for the bank's membership within the Eurosystem.

The Central Bank of Malta is not itself a financial supervisory authority but participates in European banking supervision as a member of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank, alongside the Malta Financial Services Authority. It is also a member of the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB).
Odisha State Child Protection Society
Odisha State Child Protection Society (OSCPS) is the technical, fundamental and functional unit of Women & Child Development Department, Government of Odisha, for implementation of Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS). OSCPS has been registered in the year 2009 under Society Registration Act. District Child Protection Units (DCPUs) as the extended bodies of OSCPS, have been constituted to carry out the activities of ICPS at district and sub-district level.

Integrated Child Protection Scheme
The Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) is a governmental program implemented by the Government Of India to help secure the safety of children, with a special emphasis on children in need of care and protection, juveniles in conflict or contact with the law and other vulnerable children. Its primary purpose is to create a central structure to provide oversight and standardization for pre-existing and evolving child protection schemes in India.  Proposed in 2006 and implemented in 2009, the ICPS is administered at the state level by state child protection committees and societies and at the district level by district child protection societies, among other institutions.
Narendra Bedi
Narendra Bedi (1 January 1937 – 21 October 1982) was a Bollywood director and son of the writer Rajinder Singh Bedi. He is most known for hits movies like  Jawani Diwani (1972) starring Randhir Kapoor and Jaya Bhaduri, Rajesh Khanna starrers Bandhan  and Maha Chor ,  and Amitabh Bachchan starrers Benaam (1974) and Adalat (1977) and the comedy film Rafoo Chakkar.

Maha Chor
Maha Chor (translated as "high thief") is a 1976 Bollywood action comedy film directed by Narendra Bedi, starring Rajesh Khanna in the lead role, paired opposite Neetu Singh for the very first time. The film had music by R.D. Burman and the lyricist whom Rajesh Khanna preferred for his films; Anand Bakshi.

The film is primarily set in Bombay. An orphan boy has been raised by the people of a local colony, and has learned to steal in order to financially help them. While working for a ruthless businessman, the boy meets the princess of Raigadh and develops feeling for her. The businessman convinces the boy to pose as a disappeared prince, based on his resemblance to the prince.
Fermentation in food processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—without an oxidizing agent being used in the reaction. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.

Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localized foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish.

Bread
Bread is a baked food product made from water, flour, and often yeast. It is a staple food across the world, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. Throughout recorded history and around the world, it has been an important part of many cultures' diets. It is one of the oldest human-made foods, having been of significance since the dawn of agriculture, and plays an essential role in both religious rituals and secular culture.

Bread may be leavened by naturally occurring microbes (e.g. sourdough), chemicals (e.g. baking soda), industrially produced yeast, or high-pressure aeration, which creates the gas bubbles that fluff up bread. Bread may also be unleavened. In many countries, mass-produced bread often contains additives to improve flavor, texture, color, shelf life, nutrition, and ease of production.