hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kingdom of the Iberians
The Kingdom of the Iberians[a] (Georgian: ქართველთა სამეფო, romanized: kartvelta samepo) was a medieval Georgian monarchy under the Bagrationi dynasty which emerged circa 888 AD, succeeding the Principality of Iberia, in historical region of Tao-Klarjeti, or upper Iberia in north-eastern Turkey as well parts of modern southwestern Georgia, that stretched from the Iberian gates in the south and to the Lesser Caucasus in the north.

Historically, the area comprised the following historical districts: West of the Arsiani Mountains were Tao, Klarjeti, Nigali, and Shavsheti, to the east lay Meskheti, Erusheti, Javakheti, Artaani, Abotsi, Kola and Basiani. The landscape is characterised by mountains and the river-systems of the Çoruh and the Kura. The region played a crucial role in the unification of all Georgian lands and principalities into the Kingdom of Georgia in 1008.

Gurgen of Iberia
Gurgen (Georgian: გურგენი) also known as Gurgen Magistros, Gurgen II Magistros (also transliterated as Gourgen and in some sources Gurgan) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was King (mepe) of Iberia-Kartli with the title of the King of Kings of the Georgians from 994 until his death in 1008. Magistros was a title bestowed upon him by the Byzantine Emperor Basil II.
Bandar Seri Alam
Bandar Seri Alam is a township in Mukim Plentong, Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. It is an initiative by Seri Alam Properties Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of United Malayan Land Bhd. The township covers approximately 15 square kilometers and houses an ecology educational facilities from school age to campuses of some universities.

The township which spans over 3,762 acres (15 km2) falls under the city of Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang (MBPG).

Pasir Gudang City Council
The Pasir Gudang City Council (MBPG; Malay: Majlis Bandaraya Pasir Gudang) is the city council which administrates Pasir Gudang in Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. This agency is under Johor state government. MBPG is responsible for public health and sanitation, waste removal and management, town planning, environmental protection and building control, social and economic development and general maintenance functions of urban infrastructure. The MBPG main headquarters is located at Aqabah Tower in Pasir Gudang City Centre.
Mike Clayton (golfer)
Michael Andrew Clayton (born 30 May 1957) is an Australian professional golfer, golf course architect and commentator on the game. He won the 1984 Timex Open on the European Tour and won six times on the PGA Tour of Australasia between 1982 and 1994.

Victorian Amateur Championship
The Victorian Amateur Championship is the state amateur golf championship of Victoria, Australia. It has been played annually since 1899, except for the war years.

Two players have won the championship six times, Michael Scott between 1904 and 1910, and Eric Routley between 1952 and 1966. Ivo Whitton won five times between 1919 and 1924, while Harry Williams won five times in the 1930s.
Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Short Film
Bangladesh National Award for Best Short Film (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার শ্রেষ্ঠ স্বল্পদৈর্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্র) is one of the categories in the National Film Awards presented annually by the Department of Films and Publications, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information in Bangladesh. It is the highest award for films in Bangladesh. This award goes to the producers of the film and is the only category in a year.

National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
The National Film Awards (Bengali: জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্র পুরস্কার) is an annual awards ceremony held annually in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is considered to be the most significant film award ceremony in Bangladesh. The National Film Awards were established in 1975 by the government of Bangladesh. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entries.
Tetramethyldiborane
Dimethylborane, (CH3)2BH is the simplest dialkylborane, consisting of a methyl group substituted for a hydrogen in borane. As for other boranes it normally exists in  the form of a dimer called tetramethyldiborane or tetramethylbisborane or TMDB ((CH3)2BH)2. Other combinations of methylation occur on diborane, including monomethyldiborane, trimethyldiborane, 1,2-dimethylborane, 1,1-dimethylborane and trimethylborane. At room temperature the substance is at equilibrium between these forms.
The methylboranes were first prepared by H. I. Schlesinger and A. O. Walker in the 1930s.

Methyldiborane
Methyldiborane, CH3B2H5, or monomethyldiborane is the simplest of alkyldiboranes, consisting of a methyl group substituted for a hydrogen in diborane. As with other boranes it exists in the form of a dimer with a twin hydrogen bridge that uses three-center two-electron bonding between the two boron atoms, and can be imagined as methyl borane (CH3BH2) bound to borane (BH3).  Other combinations of methylation occur on diborane, including 1,1-dimethylborane, 1,2-dimethyldiborane, trimethyldiborane, tetramethyldiborane, and trimethylborane (which is not a dimer).  At room temperature the substance is at equilibrium between these molecules.

The methylboranes were first prepared by H. I. Schlesinger and A. O. Walker in the 1930s.
Trainz
Trainz is an ongoing series of 3D train simulator video games produced by the Australian studio N3V Games (formerly Auran), the first installment being released in October of 2001. Each installment of the series implements realistic or fictional simulated railway operations (Driver) alongside the ability to create custom maps (Surveyor) and contains a vast collection of real-life rolling stock for the user to drive in their maps.

One of the most revered aspects of Trainz is the ability to support user-created custom content (trains, scenery, maps), with over millions of assets to choose from, created by thousands of members of the Trainz community. The ability to support custom content was originally introduced in Trainz 1.1.1, but was not officially marketed until the release of Trainz Driver 2.

Train simulator
A train simulator (also railroad simulator or railway simulator) is a computer-based simulation of rail transport operations. They are generally large complicated software packages modeling a 3D virtual reality world implemented both as commercial trainers, and consumer computer game software with 'play modes' which lets the user interact by stepping inside the virtual world. Because of the near view modeling, often at speed, train simulator software is generally far more complicated software to write and implement than flight simulator programs.
Haverfordwest power station
Haverfordwest power station supplied electricity to the town of Haverfordwest, Wales and the surrounding area from 1931 to the late 1960s. It was initially owned and operated by the West Cambrian Power Company Limited, then by the British Electricity Authority following nationalisation in 1948. It comprised diesel engines driving electricity alternators.

Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.
Cabinet of José Ballivián
The Ballivián Cabinet, which comprised the 12th to 14th cabinets of the Bolivian Republic, came into being on 18 October 1841. This was 21 days after José Ballivián assumed office as the 9th president of Bolivia, following a coup d'état that saw him take over from the Third Velasco Cabinet. The cabinet continued to serve until 23 December 1847, when Ballivián resigned from office, and it was subsequently dissolved. Cabinet of Eusebio Guilarte succeeded the Ballivián Cabinet.

Cabinet of Eusebio Guilarte
The Guilarte Cabinet constituted the 15th cabinet of the Bolivian Republic. It was formed on 23 December 1847 after Eusebio Guilarte was installed as the 10th president of Bolivia following the resignation of José Ballivián, succeeding the Ballivián Cabinet. It was dissolved on 2 January 1848 upon Guilarte's overthrow in a coup d'état and was succeeded by the Fourth Cabinet of José Miguel de Velasco.
Samson Mamulia
Samson Mamulia (Georgian: სამსონ მამულია; Russian: Самсон Мамулия; 1892–1937) was a Georgian Soviet politician and the First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party from November 20, 1930 to October 13, 1931.

In June 1937 he was imprisoned on the orders of Joseph Stalin in Tbilisi a month after his son's birth. Samson Mamulia was executed and his wife died in the Gulag. His son Guram Mamulia (May 9, 1937 – January 1, 2003) was an activist for Meskhetian rights.

First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
The First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (Russian: Первый секретарь ЦК Компартии Грузии; Georgian: საქართველოს სსრ კომუნისტური პარტიის პირველი მდივანი) was the leading position in the Georgian Communist Party during the Soviet era. Its leaders were responsible for many of the affairs in Georgia and were considered the leader of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Many of its leaders were prominent outside of the country and were noted Soviet leaders, including Lavrentiy Beria and Eduard Shevardnadze.
Hindolam
Hindōḷaṃ is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava rāgam (5 notes in arohana and avarohana) as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). Hindolam is not the same as the Hindustani Hindol. The equivalent of Hindolam in Hindustani music is Malkauns (or Malkosh).

It is known to be a rāgam that is generally beautiful and soothing to listen to. Being symmetrical in its ascending and descending scales, it lends itself very well to improvisation and is therefore popular at concerts.

Mohanam
Mohanam is a raga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an audava rāga (or owdava rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is usually described as a janya rāga of Harikamboji (28th Melakartha Raga). However, alternate opinions suggest that Mechakalyani or even Shankarabharanam may be a more appropriate classification based on the lakshana of the raga.

The equivalent of Mohanam in Hindustani music is Bhoop (or Bhopali).

It is one of the most common pentatonic scales across the world and is very popular in East Asian and Southeast Asian music, including China and Japan.
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, also called hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR), or Corino de Andrade's disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. It is a form of amyloidosis, and was first identified and described by Portuguese neurologist Mário Corino da Costa Andrade, in 1952. FAP is distinct from senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), which is not inherited, and which was determined to be the primary cause of death for 70% of supercentenarians who have been autopsied. FAP can be ameliorated by liver transplantation.

Transthyretin
Transthyretin (TTR or TBPA) is a transport protein in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid that transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol to the liver. This is how transthyretin gained its name: transports thyroxine and retinol. The liver secretes TTR into the blood, and the choroid plexus secretes TTR into the cerebrospinal fluid.

TTR was originally called prealbumin (or thyroxine-binding prealbumin)  because it migrated faster than albumin on electrophoresis gels. Prealbumin was felt to be a misleading name, it is not a synthetic precursor of albumin.  The alternative name TTR was proposed by DeWitt Goodman in 1981.

Human transthyretrin protein is encoded by the TTR gene, which is located on the long arm of chromosome 18, in cytogenetic band 18q12.1.
Cathal Mannion
Cathal Mannion (born 22 October 1994) is an Irish hurler who plays for Galway Senior Championship club Ahascragh-Fohenagh and at inter-county level with the Galway senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a left corner-forward.

GAA GPA All Stars Awards
The Gaelic Athletic Association–Gaelic Players' Association All Stars Awards (often known simply as the All Stars) are presented annually to the best player in each of the 15 playing positions in Gaelic football and hurling. Additionally, one person in each code is selected as Player of the Year.

The awards were instituted in 1971. Since 2011 they have been presented jointly by the Gaelic Athletic Association and the representative body for inter-county players, the Gaelic Players Association.

Each player who receives a nomination is given a medallion marking the milestone.

It is considered "the most coveted sporting award scheme in the country". Equivalent awards exist for ladies' football, rounders and camogie.
Buddhism in the United States
The term American Buddhism can be used to describe all Buddhist groups within the United States, including Asian-American Buddhists born into the faith, who comprise the largest percentage of Buddhists in the country.

American Buddhists come from a range of national origins and ethnicities. In 2010, estimated U.S. practitioners at 3.5 million people, of whom 40% are living in Southern California. In terms of percentage, Hawaii has the most Buddhists at 8% of the population, due to its large East Asian population.

Lion's Roar (magazine)
Lion's Roar (formerly Shambhala Sun) is an independent, bimonthly magazine (in print and online) that offers a nonsectarian view of "Buddhism, Culture, Meditation, and Life". Presented are teachings from the Buddhist and other contemplative traditions, with an emphasis on applying the principles of mindfulness and awareness practices to everyday life.
Pucón
Pucón (Mapudungun: "entrance to the cordillera") is a Chilean city and commune administered by the municipality of Pucón. It is located in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region, 100 km to the southeast of Temuco and 780 km to the south of Santiago. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Villarrica, and Villarrica volcano is located roughly 17 km to the south.

Pucón's location by a lake and volcano, along with its relatively stable climate, especially in summer, make it a popular destination for tourists. It offers a variety of sports and activities for tourists, including water skiing, snow skiing, backpacking, white water rafting and kayaking, horse back riding, natural hot springs, zip line rides, skydiving and guided ascents of Villarrica volcano.

Hiking in Chile
Hiking in Chile is characterized by a wide range of environments and climates for hikers, which largely results from Chile's unusual, ribbon-like shape, which is 4,300 kilometres (2,700 miles) long and on average 175 kilometres (109 miles) wide. These range from the world's driest desert, the Atacama, in the north, through a Mediterranean climate in the center, to the glaciers, fjords and lakes of Patagonia in the south.

The longest hiking trail in Chile is the informal 3,000 km (1,850 mi) Greater Patagonian Trail that was created by a non-governmental initiative.
Women of Salerno
The women of Salerno, also referred to as the ladies of Salerno and the Salernitan women (Latin: mulieres Salernitanae), were a group of women physicians who studied in medieval Italy, at the Schola Medica Salernitana, one of the first medical schools to allow women.

Schola Medica Salernitana
The Schola Medica Salernitana (Italian: Scuola Medica Salernitana) was a medieval medical school, the first and most important of its kind. Situated on the Tyrrhenian Sea in the south Italian city of Salerno, it was founded in the 9th century and rose to prominence in the 10th century, becoming the most important source of medical knowledge in Western Europe at the time.

Arabic medical treatises, both those that were translations of Greek texts and those that were originally written in Arabic, had accumulated in the library of Montecassino, where they were translated into Latin; thus the received lore of Hippocrates, Galen and Dioscorides was supplemented and invigorated by Arabic medical practice, known from contacts with Sicily and North Africa. As a result, the medical practitioners of Salerno, both men and women, were unrivaled in the medieval Western Mediterranean for practical concerns.
Tovo di Sant'Agata
Tovo di Sant'Agata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 577 and an area of 11.0 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi).

Tovo di Sant'Agata borders the following municipalities: Edolo, Lovero, Mazzo di Valtellina, Monno, Vervio.

Vervio
Vervio (Verv in lombard) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Sondrio, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 230 and an area of 12.6 square kilometres (4.9 sq mi).

Vervio borders the following municipalities: Brusio (Switzerland), Grosotto, Lovero, Mazzo di Valtellina, Sernio, Tirano, Tovo di Sant'Agata.
Johnnie Mae Matthews
Johnnie Mae Matthews (December 31, 1922 – January 6, 2002) was an American blues and R&B singer, songwriter, and record producer from Bessemer, Alabama. Known as the "Godmother of Detroit Soul" and as the first African American female to own and operate her own record label (Northern Recording Company) she was an early influence on the careers of many of the now-famous recording stars who began their careers in Detroit, Michigan such as Otis Williams, David Ruffin, and Richard Street of The Temptations, Jimmy Ruffin, Joe Hunter of the Funk Brothers Band, Richard "Popcorn" Wylie, Norman Whitfield, Berry Gordy, founder of Motown Records, Timmy Shaw, Barbara Lewis, Bettye LaVette and many more.

Richard Street
Richard Allen Street (October 5, 1942 – February 27, 2013) was an American soul and R&B singer, most notable as a member of Motown vocal group The Temptations from 1971 to 1993. Prior to joining the Temptations, he had been a member of Otis and The Distants in the 50s, a vocal group that was led by Otis Williams.
Carlow county hurling team
The Carlow county hurling team represents Carlow in hurling and is governed by Carlow GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the Joe McDonagh Cup and the National Hurling League.

Carlow's home ground is Dr Cullen Park, Carlow. The team's manager is Tom Mullally.

The team has never won the Leinster Senior Championship, the All-Ireland Senior Championship or the National League.

2018 Joe McDonagh Cup
The 2018 Joe McDonagh Cup is the inaugural edition of the Joe McDonagh Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association and is the second-tier of Hurling for senior county teams (the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship is the first-tier trophy). It is contested by six GAA county teams ranked 11–16 in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. The fixtures were announced on 13 April 2018. The competition began on 5 May 2018.

On 1 July 2018, Carlow won the title following a 2-26 to 1-24 defeat of Westmeath in the final. This was their second successive promotion within the various tiers of hurling, as they were also the 2017 Christy Ring Cup champions.

Meath were relegated from the Joe McDonagh Cup after losing all of their group stage games.

Antrim's Neil McManus was the competition's top scorer with 3-67.
Léon-Paul Classe
Léon-Paul Classe, M.Afr. (28 June 1874 – 31 January 1945) was a Catholic priest who was Vicar Apostolic of the Apostolic Vicariate of Ruanda, in what is now Rwanda, from 1922 until his death in 1945. During his time as a missionary priest and then bishop a great many Rwandans were converted to Christianity. Classe was influential in persuading the Belgian colonial administration to favor the Tutsis as a ruling caste in the country over the Hutu majority.

Apostolic Vicariate of Kivu
The Apostolic Vicariate of Kivu can refer to either of two vicariates of the White Fathers, a Catholic missionary society in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. Both vicariates served lands around Lake Kivu during the early to mid 20th century.  The first vicariate, from 1912 to 1922, served what are now Rwanda and Burundi.  The second vicariate, from 1929 to 1952, served territory in the east of the Belgian Congo.
Mucous gland
Mucous glands, also known as muciparous glands, are found in several different parts of the body, and they typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cells are single-celled glands.

Serous gland
Serous glands secrete serous fluid. They contain serous acini, a grouping of serous cells that secrete serous fluid, isotonic with blood plasma, that contains enzymes such as alpha-amylase.

Serous glands are most common in the parotid gland and lacrimal gland but are also present in the submandibular gland and, to a far lesser extent, the sublingual gland.
Generic antecedent
Generic antecedents are representatives of classes, referred to in ordinary language by another word (most often a pronoun), in a situation in which gender is typically unknown or irrelevant. These mostly arise in generalizations and are particularly common in abstract, theoretical or strategic discourse. Examples (with the antecedent in boldface and the referring pronoun in italics) include "readers of Wikipedia appreciate their encyclopedia",  "the customer who spends in this market".

The question of appropriate style for using pronouns to refer to such generic antecedents in the English language became politicized in the 1970s, and remains a matter of substantial dispute.

Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns. In languages with grammatical gender, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender. The values present in a given language, of which there are usually two or three, are called the genders of that language. Determiners, adjectives, and pronouns also change their form depending on the noun to which they refer.

According to one estimate, gender is used in approximately half of the world's languages.
Army Special Operations Academy
The Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Force Special Operations Academy (MOE code 91009), the Special Services' Operations College, or the Army Special Operations Academy for short, is a Corps Deputy-grade military academic institution affiliated with the People's Liberation Army Ground Force. It is headquartered in Guilin and it is mainly responsible for the training of Army Special Operations command officers.

People's Liberation Army Ground Force
The People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF), also referred to as the PLA Army, is the land warfare service branch of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), and also its largest and oldest branch. The PLAGF traces its lineage to 1927 as the Chinese Red Army; however, it was not officially established until 1948.