hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
APT40
APT40, also known as BRONZE MOHAWK (by Secureworks), FEVERDREAM, G0065, GADOLINIUM (formerly by Microsoft), Gingham Typhoon (by Microsoft), GreenCrash, Hellsing (by Kaspersky), Kryptonite Panda (by Crowdstrike), Leviathan (by Proofpoint), MUDCARP, Periscope, Temp.Periscope, and Temp.Jumper, is an advanced persistent threat operated by the Hainan State Security Department, a branch of the Chinese Ministry of State Security located in Haikou, Hainan, China, and has been active since at least 2009.

APT40 has targeted governmental organizations, companies, and universities in a wide range of industries, including biomedical, robotics, and maritime research, across the United States, Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and the South China Sea area, as well as industries included in China's Belt and Road Initiative. APT40 is closely connected to Hafnium.

Hainan Provincial Department of State Security
The Hainan Provincial Department of State Security (HSSD; Chinese: 海南省国家安全厅) is a provincial department of the Chinese Ministry of State Security responsible for national security and secret policing in the contiguous island province of Hainan, headquartered in Haikou. Members of the Hainan SSD have badge numbers with prefixes beginning with "46xxxx". The HSSD operates advanced persistent threat (APT) number 40.
Empire of Dreams (poetry collection)
Empire of Dreams (Spanish: El imperio de los sueños, 1988) is a postmodern poetry epic by Puerto Rican author Giannina Braschi, who is considered "one of the most revolutionary voices in Latin American literature today".

Love, liberty, inspiration, immigration, gender fluidity, and creativity are the main themes of Empire of Dreams, an ode to New York City.

Alicia Ostriker
Alicia Suskin Ostriker (born November 11, 1937) is an American poet and scholar who writes Jewish feminist poetry. 
She was called "America's most fiercely honest poet" by Progressive. Additionally, she was one of the first women poets in America to write and publish poems discussing the topic of motherhood. In 2015, she was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In 2018, she was named the New York State Poet Laureate.
Flying Fox Pass
Flying Fox Pass is a locality in the Barren Grounds Nature Reserve in New South Wales, Australia, overlooking the Kangaroo Valley. It is the site of a former flying fox cablecar which lifted valuable timber from the valley to be transported by road and rail systems. Little remains of the flying fox, just a cement plinth and rusted remnants of the wire and winching equipment. A walking track extends to the pass, but dense vegetation growth precludes any vista from the site.

Barren Grounds Nature Reserve
The Barren Grounds Nature Reserve is a protected nature park located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia. The 2,024-hectare (5,000-acre) reserve is situated east of Budderoo National Park, and west of the city of Kiama. The reserve can also be accessed from the south, via a local road and a bush walk from the town of Berry. It is not far from the Nameless Sylvan Reserve owned by Bush Heritage Australia.

The nature reserve has several good lookouts that offer views of the coast. Interesting rock formations can be seen at Drawing Room Rocks, a geological feature in the southern part of the reserve. The former Barren Grounds Bird Observatory is located in the park.
States of Grace
States of Grace (also known as God's Army 2: States of Grace) is a 2005 drama film directed by Richard Dutcher and starring Lucas Fleischer, Jeffrey Scott Kelly, and J. J. Boone. It tells the story of two Mormon missionaries in Santa Monica, California. While it features none of the original main characters from God's Army, it is set in the same location and has some of the original secondary characters.

Richard Dutcher
Richard Alan Dutcher (born 1964) is an American independent filmmaker who produces, writes, directs, edits, and frequently stars in his films. After making God's Army, a successful 2000 movie about LDS missionaries, Dutcher became well known among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Film critic Jeff Vice, of the Deseret News, dubbed Dutcher "The Godfather of Mormon Cinema," a title that is very important personally for Dutcher. In 2007, Dutcher left the LDS Church.
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
The Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (日本産業標準調査会, Nihon Sangyō Hyōjun Chōsakai; JISC) is a standards organization and is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) member body for Japan. It is also a member of the International Electrotechnical Commission.

The committee consists of a Council under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), as well as two Boards established under it. Each of the Boards have their own Technical Committees, containing members which are parties among producers, dealers, users, consumers and academic circles.

The JISC establishes and maintains the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).

Japanese Industrial Standards
Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) (日本産業規格, Nihon Sangyō Kikaku; formerly 日本工業規格 Nihon Kōgyō Kikaku until June 30, 2019) are the standards used for industrial activities in Japan, coordinated by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC) and published by the Japanese Standards Association (JSA). The JISC is composed of many nationwide committees and plays a vital role in standardizing activities across Japan.
Søndre Land Municipality
Søndre Land is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Land. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hov. Other villages in the municipality include Fluberg and Odnes.

The 728.35-square-kilometre (281.22 sq mi) municipality is the 156th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Søndre Land Municipality is the 172nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,597. The municipality's population density is 7.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2% over the previous 10-year period.

Hov, Norway
Hov is the administrative centre of Søndre Land Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the traditional region of Land, along the east shore of the large Randsfjorden where the Norwegian county roads 34 and 247 meet. Hov lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the southwest of the town of Gjøvik.

The 2.28-square-kilometre (560-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,132 and a population density of 935 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,420/sq mi).

Hov was located along the Valdresbanen railway line. The railway connected the Gjøvikbanen railway line at Eina with the town of Fagernes in the district of Valdres. The railroad had passenger traffic from 1902 to 1988 when it was closed down.

Hov Church (Norwegian: Hov kirke) is a cruciform style church dating from 1781 that is located in Hov.
Duff Pattullo
Thomas Dufferin "Duff" Pattullo (January 19, 1873 – March 30, 1956) was a Canadian politician who served as the 22nd premier of British Columbia from 1933 to 1941 as a member of the Liberal Party and served as the member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia representing the riding of Prince Rupert from 1916 to 1945.

Prince Rupert, British Columbia
Prince Rupert is a port city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Kaien Island near the Alaskan panhandle. It is the land, air, and water transportation hub of British Columbia's North Coast, and has a population of 12,300 people as of 2021.
Edgehill College
Edgehill College was a co-educational independent school located in Bideford, Devon. Founded in 1884 by the Bible Christian movement, Edgehill was one of a number of independent schools owned by the Methodist Church of Great Britain and was sister-school to nearby Shebbear College. It was traditionally the principal girls' independent school in the area, becoming co-educational in 1992.  The Preparatory School was always co-educational, with boys boarding at Shawleigh beginning in 1969.

Shebbear College
Shebbear College is an all-through private co-educational day and boarding school for pupils aged 4 – 18 situated in Shebbear, Devon, England. The school's 85-acre rural campus is situated in the Devon countryside.

It was founded by the Bible Christian Society in 1829.
Dypsis ambanjae
Dypsis ambanjae is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae, endemic to the Madagascarian rainforests. The last specimen was collected more than 80 years ago, and it may be extinct. Although originally treated under the genus Phloga in 1933, it was published under the currently accepted nomenclature in 1995.

Dypsis
Dypsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Arecaceae. They are slender, evergreen palms with yellow flowers carried in panicles amongst the pinnate leaves. Many Dypsis species have aerial branching (above the main trunk), a rare growth habit among palms. Some have marcescent leaves that remain attached after death and trap litter for nutrients.  Several species previously placed here have been returned to the restored genera Chrysalidocarpus (including the type species Chrysalidocarpus lutescens) and Vonitra.
International Emergency Economic Powers Act
The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Title II of Pub. L. 95–223, 91 Stat. 1626, enacted December 28, 1977, is a United States federal law authorizing the president to regulate international commerce after declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States.  The act was signed by President Jimmy Carter on December 28, 1977.

National Emergencies Act
The National Emergencies Act (NEA) (Pub. L. 94–412, 90 Stat. 1255, enacted September 14, 1976, codified at 50 U.S.C. § 1601–1651) is a United States federal law enacted to end all previous national emergencies and to formalize the emergency powers of the president.

The Act empowers the president to activate special powers during a crisis but imposes certain procedural formalities when invoking such powers. The perceived need for the law arose from the scope and number of laws granting special powers to the executive in times of national emergency. Congress can terminate an emergency declaration with a joint resolution enacted into law.  Powers available when the President declares a national emergency under this Act are limited to the 137 emergency powers Congress has defined by law.

The legislation was signed by President Gerald Ford on September 14, 1976. As of March 2020, 60 national emergencies have been declared, more than 30 of which remain in effect.
Clitheroe railway station
Clitheroe railway station serves the town of Clitheroe in Lancashire, England. The station is situated on the Ribble Valley line, and is operated by Northern Trains. It is 10 miles (16 km) north of Blackburn. The station forms part of Clitheroe Interchange, which has won a number of awards.

Clitheroe
Clitheroe (/ˈklɪðəroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England; it is located 34 miles (55 km) north-west of Manchester. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists visiting the area. In 2018, the Clitheroe built-up area had an estimated population of 16,279.

The town was listed in the 2017 The Sunday Times report on the best places to live in Northern England, while the wider Ribble Valley, of which Clitheroe is the most populous settlement, was listed in the 2018 and 2024 Sunday Times report on the best places to live. Clitheroe and the wider Ribble Valley have also been listed as healthiest and happiest place to live in the United Kingdom.

The town's most notable building is Clitheroe Castle, which is one of the smallest Norman keeps in Great Britain. Several manufacturing companies have sites here, including Dugdale Nutrition, Hanson Cement, Johnson Matthey and Tarmac.
Daniel Jeremiah
Daniel James Jeremiah (born December 5, 1977) is an American analyst and writer for the NFL Network and NFL.com. He also serves as a color commentator for Los Angeles Chargers games on KFI radio.

Jeremiah was a starting quarterback at Northeastern Louisiana in 1997 and Appalachian State from 1998 to 2000. He was a college scout with the Baltimore Ravens, Cleveland Browns, and Philadelphia Eagles.

Jeremiah joined the NFL Network in May 2012. He is married and has four children. He is the son of David Jeremiah, author and senior pastor of Shadow Mountain Community Church.

David Jeremiah
David Jeremiah (born February 13, 1941) is an American evangelical Christian author, founder of Turning Point Radio and Television Ministries and senior pastor of Shadow Mountain Community Church, a Southern Baptist megachurch in El Cajon, California, a suburb of San Diego.
George Thomson, Lord Thomson
George Reid Thomson, Lord Thomson, PC (1893 – 15 April 1962) was a Scottish Labour Party politician and judge.

Educated at the South African College, Cape Town, and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, he was a captain in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War I.

He was admitted as an advocate in 1922, and appointed a King's Counsel in 1936. He was an Advocate Depute from 1940 to 1945. 
He sat as member of parliament (MP) for Edinburgh East from October 1945 until October 1947 and served as Lord Advocate from October 1945.
He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1945.

In October 1947 he was raised to the bench as Lord Justice Clerk, replacing Lord Moncrieff. He took the judicial title Lord Thomson. He held this office until his death in 1962.

Lord Justice Clerk
The Lord Justice Clerk is the second most senior judge in Scotland, after the Lord President of the Court of Session. The current Lord Justice Clerk is Lord Beckett, who was appointed to the position on 4 February 2025, succeeding Lady Dorrian who had been the first female to hold the office.
Altınbaş University
Altınbaş University is a foundation university in Istanbul, Turkey. The university was established in 2008 as Istanbul Kemerburgaz University and changed to its current name in 2017. Altınbaş University has more than 5000 international students from 89 countries, approximately 40% of the students are international. The university has 3 campuses located in Istanbul, which are in Bağcılar, Bakırköy and Şişli. Home to 9 undergraduate schools, 3 graduate schools, 2 vocational schools as of the academic year 2019–2020, Altınbaş University is currently offering 30 bachelor's degree programmes, 34 associate degree programmes, 28 master's degree programmes and 6 PhD programmes.

Bağcılar
Bağcılar is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 23 km2, and its population is 740,069 (2022). It is located on the European side of Istanbul, near the city centre, just north of Bahçelievler, between the two major ring roads, TEM and D100 (formerly E5). The district is the fourth most populous in the Istanbul Municipality. Bağcılar developed rapidly between the 1970s and 1990s and is primarily residential in nature. The neighborhood is served by the Istanbul Metro and the T1 line of the Istanbul Tram. The mayor is Abdullah Özdemir from the Justice and Development Party, elected in April 2022.
Rudravarman I
Rudravarman I (r. 529–572 AD; Chinese: 高式 律陁羅跋摩; pinyin: Gāoshì Lütuóluóbámó, Early Middle Chinese: *lɔ-dɑ-lɑ-bɑt-mɑ) was a king of early Champa.

Rudravarman was a descendant of king Manorathavarman (Fàn Wéndí). His father was a brahman, while his mother was a niece of Manorathavarman. In 530 he was enfeoffed with titles king of Linyi (Linyi Wang 林邑王), Commissioner with Special Powers (Chijie 持節), Commander-in-Chief of all Military Affairs in the Coastal Region (Dudu Yanhai Zhujunshi 都督沿海諸軍事), General of Pacification of the South (Annan Jiangjun 安南將軍) by the Chinese Liang dynasty.

In 541 he invaded the Jiude/Cửu Đức (Chinese: 九徳; pinyin: Jiǔdé; today Hà Tĩnh) province. Pham Tu, a general of Ly Bon, defeated Rudravarman in 544. Michael Vickery speculates that Pham Tu might be a Linyi subject who then fled north and joined with Ly Bon.

He is mentioned in inscription C. 73 at My Son.

Manorathavarman
Manorathavarman was a king of early Champa, reigning approximately around the fifth century AD in the Thu Bồn River Valley.

He was a nephew of Gangaraja. His next successor in the dynastic line was Rudravarman I (r. 527-572), descending through Manorathavarman's sister line.

He was mentioned by Chinese annals as Fan Wendi (Chinese: 范文敌, pinyin: Fàn Wéndí).
Opoczno S.A.
Opoczno S.A. or ZPC Opoczno, known in Polish as the Zespół Zakładów Płytek Ceramicznych Opoczno, is the largest producer of ceramic tiles in Poland. For almost half a century the foundry enjoyed a monopoly status in the local market. Established in the town of Opoczno originally in the mid 19th century, it became the first and largest ceramic tiles manufacturer already in Congress Poland under the Russian partition.

Opoczno
Opoczno ([ɔˈpɔt͡ʂnɔ] ⓘ) is a town in south-central Poland, seat of Opoczno County in the Łódź Voivodeship.

Founded in the Middle Ages, Opoczno is a former royal town of Poland, which used to be one of the most important urban centers of northwestern Lesser Poland. It prospered as a trade center due to its location at the intersection of important trade routes. Currently, Opoczno is an important road and rail junction; its patron saint is Saint Cecilia, and the town is famous across Poland for its folklore and ceramics manufacturing.
Samuel Franklin Cody
Samuel Franklin Cowdery (later known as Samuel Franklin Cody; 6 March 1867 – 7 August 1913, born Davenport, Iowa, USA) was a Wild West showman and early pioneer of manned flight.

He is most famous for his work on the large kites known as Cody War-Kites, that were used by the British before World War I as a smaller alternative to balloons for artillery spotting. He was also the first man to fly an aeroplane built in Britain, on 17 October 1908. A flamboyant showman, he was often confused with Buffalo Bill Cody, whose surname he took when young.

Cody Michelin Cup Biplane
The Cody Michelin Cup Biplane was an experimental aircraft designed and built in Britain during 1910 by Samuel Franklin Cody, a prominent showman and aviation pioneer. Cody had worked with the British Army on experiments with man-lifting kites and in October 1908 had successfully built and flown the British Army Aeroplane No 1, making the first officially verified powered flight in the United Kingdom. Cody broke the existing endurance record twice in the aircraft, the second flight, made on 31 December 1910, winning him the Michelin Cup for the longest-lasting flight made over a closed circuit in the United Kingdom before the end of the year.
Jim Montgomery (ice hockey)
Jim Montgomery (born June 30, 1969) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player who is the head coach for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). Originally undrafted by teams in the NHL, he played a total of six seasons for the Blues, Montreal Canadiens, Philadelphia Flyers, San Jose Sharks, and Dallas Stars.

1993 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
The 1993 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament involved 12 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's  NCAA Division I college ice hockey. It began on March 26, 1993, and ended with the championship game on April 3. A total of 11 games were played.
Japanese cruiser Suma
Suma (須磨) was a protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, designed and built by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in Japan. She was the lead ship in the Suma-class cruiser, and her sister ship was Akashi. The name Suma comes from a geographic location near Kobe, in Hyōgo Prefecture.

Suma-class cruiser
The two Suma-class cruisers (須磨型防護巡洋艦, Suma-gata bōgojun'yōkan) were protected cruisers operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy. While more lightly armed and armored than many of its contemporaries, their small size and relatively simple design facilitated their construction and their relatively high speed made them useful for many military operations. Both participated in combat during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.
St. Andrew's Community Hospital
St. Andrew's Community Hospital (SACH) is a non-profit hospital based in Singapore. It was established in 1992 and runs as a service of St. Andrew's Mission Hospital. It provides intermediate medical care to the patients, primarily focusing on rehabilitation and sub-acute care.

Since 2005, as the hospital is located beside Changi General Hospital (CGH), patients had been transferred from CGH to SACH for rehabilitation and continuing medical care. Medical records and clinical support services, and consultations by visiting CGH specialists are also shared with SACH.

On 18 November 2011, SACH formed the Eastern Health Alliance with Changi General Hospital, SingHealth Polyclinics and The Salvation Army Peacehaven Nursing Home as part of the government direction to provide integrated care instead of episodic treatment.

In Jan 2018, SACH, as part of the Eastern Health Alliance, merged with SingHealth as part of a public health restructuring exercise.

Changi General Hospital
Changi General Hospital (abbreviation: CGH) is a 1000-bed large district general hospital located in Simei, eastern Singapore. It is Singapore's first purpose-built general hospital to serve communities in the east and north-east regions.

The hospital has more than 23 medical services, from general surgery, internal medicine, cardiology, ENT to orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine. It houses six specialist centres – Breast Centre, Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Diabetes Centre, Geriatric Centre, Integrated Sleep Service and Medical Centre for International Travellers.
Rudolf Mössbauer
Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (German: [ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈmœsˌbaʊ̯ɐ] ⓘ; 31 January 1929 – 14 September 2011) was a German physicist who shared the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert Hofstadter for his discovery of the Mössbauer effect, which is the basis for Mössbauer spectroscopy.

TUM School of Natural Sciences
The TUM School of Natural Sciences (NAT) is a school of the Technical University of Munich, established in 2022 by the merger of various former departments. As of 2022, it is structured into the Department of Biosciences, the Department of Chemistry, and the Department of Physics. The school is located at the Garching campus.
Mike Hunter (politician)
Mike Hunter (born May 7, 1947) was a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia for the riding of Nanaimo, he served in that capacity from 2001 to 2005. He was the first non-New Democrat elected in the riding since the 1969 provincial election. As of May 2024, he is the last non-New Democrat to be elected in the riding.

Prior to becoming a politician, Hunter was the head of the British Columbia Fisheries Council, an industry association of companies active in the west coast fishery of Canada.  He was also involved with the British Columbia Seafood Sector Council, a joint business-labour organization that promoted collaborative solutions to problems in the British Columbia seafood processing industry.

In the 2005 provincial election, Hunter lost his seat to former NDP leadership candidate Leonard Krog.

Leonard Krog
Leonard Eugene Krog is a Canadian politician and lawyer in British Columbia, who currently serves as mayor of Nanaimo. He previously served in the provincial legislature on two occasions as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP), representing the riding of Parksville-Qualicum from 1991 to 1996, and the riding of Nanaimo from 2005 to 2018.