hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Poltava Bandurist Capella
The Poltava Bandurist Capella was vocal-instrumental ensemble who accompanied themselves on the multi-stringed Ukrainian bandura. It was initially established in February 1925, based on a male church choir who sang in the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Cathedral in Poltava under the direction of Fedir (Khvedir) Popadych. The ensemble was disbanded in October 1934.

Hnat Khotkevych
Hnat Martynovych Khotkevych (Ukrainian: Гнат Мартинович Хоткевич, also Gnat Khotkevich or Hnat Khotkevych, born December 31, 1877 – died October 8, 1938) was a Ukrainian theater and public figure, engineer, inventor, writer, historian, translator, ethnographer, art critic, playwright, screenwriter, composer, musicologist, violinist, pianist, baritone, bandurist, and teacher. He was shot by the NKVD, like many other members of the Executed Renaissance, during Joseph Stalin's Great Terror in the Soviet Union.

Khotkevych was a Renaissance man and was multi-talented. Although he was trained as a professional engineer, he is known more as a prolific Ukrainian literary figure, and also as a dramatist, composer, and ethnographer, and father of the modern bandura.
Qarghayi District
Qarghayi District (Persian: ولسوالی قرغه‌ای) of Afghanistan has 60 villages. It is the largest district in Laghman Province, and is located 30 km from the provincial centre of Mihtarlam. It borders Mihtarlam District to the north, Alingar District to the northeast, Nangarhar Province to the south and Kabul Province to the west. The district center is the village of Lalkhanabad, located between the Kabul River and its tributary the Alingar River.

Mehtarlam District
Mehtarlam District is one of the districts of Laghman Province, in eastern Afghanistan. It has an estimated population of 160,123 people.

The district is located in the center of the province and consists of the provincial capital Mehtarlam. There are 24 major villages and 269 sub-villages in the district.

Mehtarlam has a total land area of 14 km2 (5.4 sq mi) or 1,397 ha (3,450 acres). The district had 3,661 dwellings in 2015.
St Endellion
St Endellion (Cornish: Sen Endelyn) is a civil parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The hamlet and parish church are situated four miles (6.5 km) north of Wadebridge.

The parish takes its name from Saint Endelienta, who is said to have evangelised the district in the fifth century and to have been one of the children of King Brychan. Two wells near the church are named after her.
The name is included in the electoral ward of St Minver and St Endellion, which includes Polzeath and Rock, with a population at the 2011 census of 3268.

Prebendary
A prebendary is a member of the Catholic or Anglican clergy, a form of canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church.  When attending services, prebendaries sit in particular seats, usually at the back of the choir stalls, known as prebendal stalls.
Pymmes Brook
Pymmes Brook is located in North London and named after William Pymme, a local landowner. It is a minor tributary of the River Lea. The brook  mostly flows through urban areas and is particularly prone to flooding in its lower reaches. To alleviate the problem the brook has been culverted in many areas. Part of it is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II.

Arnos Grove
Arnos Grove (/ˈɑːrnɒs ˈɡroʊv/) is an area of north London, England, within the London Borough of Enfield. It is centred 7.5 miles (12 km) north of Charing Cross. It is adjacent to New Southgate. The natural grove, larger than today, was for many centuries the largest woodland in the chapelry of Southgate in the parish of Edmonton. It became inter-related with Arnos Park when its owner was permitted to enclose much of its area through the widespread legal practice of inclosure of the common land to create the former park, the heart of which is now public parkland.

It is close to its borough's borders with two others: Barnet and Haringey. The area is centred 1km north of the North Circular Road.

The modern area of Arnos Grove is centred on the western end of Bowes Road. The estate from which it gets its name centred on what is now Morton Crescent. The road that runs from Morton Crescent eastward (to Southgate) is also called Arnos Grove.
Xhosa Wars
The Xhosa Wars were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers from the Dutch colonial empire in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa.

Tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivaling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.

The conflicts between the Xhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.

Boer commando
The Boer Commandos  or "Kommandos" were volunteer military units of guerrilla militia organized by the Boer people of South Africa. From this came the term "commando" into the English language during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902 as per Costica Andrew.
Senta Berger
Senta Verhoeven (née Berger; Austrian German: [ˈzɛnta ˈbɛʁɡɐ] ⓘ, German: [ˈzɛnta ˈbɛʁɡɐ] ⓘ; born 13 May 1941) is an Austrian actress. She received many award nominations for her acting in theatre, film, and television; her awards include three Bambi Awards, two Romys, an Adolf Grimme Award, both a Deutscher Fernsehpreis and a Bayerischer Fernsehpreis, and a Goldene Kamera.

Michael Verhoeven
Michael Alexander Verhoeven (13 July 1938 – 22 April 2024) was a German film director, screenwriter, film and television producer, and actor. He was also a qualified Doctor of Medicine.

He was considered a political filmmaker. He also achieved international success with films such as (The White Rose) and The Nasty Girl (1990). He was a filmmaker with a strong stance who dealt intensively with topics such as repression, guilt, and unresolved aspects of German history.
Heteronema
Heteronema is a genus of phagotrophic, flagellated euglenoids that are most widely distributed in fresh water environments. This genus consists of two very distinguishable morphogroups that are phylogenetically closely related. These morphogroups are deciphered based on shape, locomotion, and other ultrastructural traits. However, this genus does pose taxonomic problems due to the varying historical descriptions of Heteronema species and their similarity to the genus Peranema. The species H. exaratum was the first heteronemid with a skidding motion to be sequenced, which led to the discovery that it was not closely related to H. scaphrum, contrary to what was previously assumed, but instead to a sister group of primary osmotrophs. This suggests that skidding heteronemids can also be distinguished phylogenetically, being more closely related to Anisoma, Dinema, and Aphageae, than to other species within Heteronema.

Euglenid
Euglenids or euglenoids are one of the best-known groups of eukaryotic flagellates: single-celled organisms with flagella, or whip-like tails. They are classified in the phylum Euglenozoa, class Euglenida or Euglenoidea. Euglenids are commonly found in fresh water, especially when it is rich in organic materials, but they have a few marine and endosymbiotic members. Many euglenids feed by phagocytosis, or strictly by diffusion. A monophyletic subgroup known as Euglenophyceae have chloroplasts and produce their own food through photosynthesis. This group contains the carbohydrate paramylon.

Euglenids split from other Euglenozoa (a larger group of flagellates) more than a billion years ago. The plastids (membranous organelles) in all extant photosynthetic species result from secondary endosymbiosis between a euglenid and a green alga.
Night market
Night markets or night bazaars (Chinese: 夜市) are street markets which operate at night and are generally dedicated to more leisurely strolling, shopping, and eating than more businesslike day markets. The culture of night markets originates from China and have spread globally with overseas Chinese populations. They are typically open-air markets popular in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Chinatowns in several other regions of the world.

Street market
A street market or open-air market is a market that is set up on certain days of the week, generally on the street in open-air places; they are usually located in public places or ceded by the town council of the locality such as squares, avenues, parking lots, etc. However, it can traditionally be set up in a market square or in a market town such as Camden Town.

This type of marketplace, has very different forms around the world, given the great variability of facilities and products offered. According to the 2015 yearbook of La Caixa, in Spain there were officially registered 17,999 street markets.
Retained surgical instruments
A retained surgical instrument is any item inadvertently left behind in a patient’s body in the course of surgery. There are few books about it and it is thought to be underreported.   As a preventable medical error, it occurs more frequently than "wrong site" surgery. The consequences of retained surgical tools include injury, repeated surgery, excess monetary cost, loss of hospital credibility and in some cases the death of the patient.

Medical error
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis or treatment of a disease, injury, syndrome, behavior, infection, or other ailments.

The incidence of medical errors varies depending on the setting. The World Health Organization has named adverse outcomes due to patient care that is unsafe as the 14th causes of disability and death in the world, with an estimated 1/300 people may be harmed by healthcare practices around the world.
Deep external pudendal artery
The deep external pudendal artery (deep external pudic artery) is one of the pudendal arteries that is more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medially across the pectineus and the adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the integument of the scrotum and perineum, in the female to the labia majora; its branches anastomose with the scrotal or labial branches of the perineal artery.

Pudendal arteries
The pudendal arteries are a group of arteries which supply many of the muscles and organs of the pelvic cavity. The arteries include the internal pudendal artery, the superficial external pudendal artery, and the deep external pudendal artery.

The internal pudendal artery branches off the internal iliac artery, the main artery of the pelvis, and supplies blood to the sex organs. The internal pudendal artery gives rise to the perineal artery and the inferior rectal artery.

The superficial external pudendal artery arises from the medial side of the femoral artery. It supplies the male scrotum and the female labia majora.
Prince-Bishopric of Constance
The Prince-Bishopric of Constance (German: Hochstift Konstanz, Fürstbistum Konstanz, Bistum Konstanz) was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the mid-12th century until its secularisation in 1802–1803.  In his dual capacity as prince and as bishop, the prince-bishop also administered the  Diocese of Konstanz, which existed from about 585 until its dissolution in 1821, and whose territory extended over an area much larger than the principality. It belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Mainz since 780/782.

Diocese of Constance
The Diocese of Constance (Latin: Dioecesis Constantinensis) was a former diocese of the Roman Catholic Church based in Konstanz on Lake Constance, under the patronage of Saints Pelagius and Conrad of Constance. It existed from approximately 585 until its dissolution in 1821. The German territories were incorporated into the newly established Archdiocese of Freiburg and Diocese of Rottenburg, while the Swiss territories were assigned to the Diocese of Chur and Diocese of Basel for administration.

The diocese was part of the so-called Pfaffengasse and a core region of the Duchy of Swabia.
Nephila
Nephila is a genus of araneomorph spiders noted for the impressive webs they weave. Nephila consists of numerous species found in warmer regions around the world, although some species formerly included in the genus have been moved to Trichonephila. They are commonly called golden silk orb-weavers, golden orb-weavers, giant wood spiders, or banana spiders.

Trichonephila antipodiana
Trichonephila antipodiana is a species of golden orb-weaver spider in the family Araneidae. Originally described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1841 as Epeira antipodiana, the species was later transferred to Nephila and most recently to the genus Trichonephila in 2019.
Cristoforo Terzi
Cristoforo Terzi (1692–1743) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period. He was born and died in Bologna. He was a pupil of Giuseppe Maria Crespi. He painted a San Petronio kneeling before the Virgin for the church of San Giacomo Maggiore.

The Venetian pastellist Margherita Terzi was a relative.

Margherita Terzi
Margherita Terzi was a Venetian pastellist of the eighteenth century.

Terzi was related to the Bolognese painter Cristoforo Terzi. She is recorded as having been a pupil of Rosalba Carriera, who in 1752 gave the sum of 200 ducats "alle due sorelle Margherita e Maria Terzi". Her work was known as well to the Scottish pastellist Catherine Read, who in correspondence with Carriera dating to 1756 sent compliments to Terzi and offered to provide her with more paper.
Michel Rigal
Michel Rigal (Paris April 6, 1914 – August 11, 1978 in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, France) was General Commissioner of the Scouts de France from 1952 to 1970, a period of crises and reforms during which he endeavored to maintain the unity of the movement.

In opposition to Rigal, Pierre Delsuc resigned from the National Council of the Scouts de France in 1958. Their opposition became public in June 1960 when Delsuc denounced Rigal's position in a letter published by France catholique, a moderate Catholic weekly, over the Algerian War.

Scouts et Guides de France
Scouts et Guides de France (Scouts and Guides of France, SGdF) is the largest Scouting and Guiding association in France. It was formed on 1 September 2004 from the merger of two Roman Catholic Scouting organizations: the Guides de France (founded in 1923) and the Scouts de France (SdF, founded 25 July 1920). Through Scoutisme Français, SGdF is a member of both WOSM and WAGGGS.

SGdF claims 61,181 youth members and 27,399 volunteers in 863 local groups. It is active in the rebirth of Scouting in Ukraine and Belarus and strengthening Scouting in French Polynesia. The National Centre of the association is at Chateau de Jambville which is 50 km southwest of Paris.
Jana Asher
Jana Lynn Asher is a statistician known for her work on human rights and sexual violence. She is an Associate Professor of Mathematics and Statistics at Slippery Rock University. She was a co-editor of the book Statistical Methods for Human Rights with David L. Banks and Fritz Scheuren.

Asher volunteers for the American Statistical Association in several roles, including as the Program Chair for 2022 for its Section on Survey Research Methods. She was elected as the Council for Sections Representative to the ASA's Board of Directors for the 2023-25 term.  Asher was appointed to be the Chair of the Committee on the History of Statistics of the International Statistical Institute.

Fritz Scheuren
Fritz J. Scheuren is an American statistician known for his work on human rights, record linkage, and administrative records.  He was president of the American Statistical Association in 2011.

Scheuren is a vice president of the National Opinion Research Center.
2018 WTA Finals
The 2018 WTA Finals, also known by its sponsored name BNP Paribas WTA Finals Singapore, was a women's tennis tournament held in Kallang, Singapore. It was the 48th edition of the singles event and the 43rd edition of the doubles competition. Eight singles players and eight doubles teams competed in the tournament. The tournament was contested by eight singles players and eight doubles teams. The tournament was the year-end final of the 2018 WTA Tour. This competition was held in Singapore for the last time this year.

Demi Schuurs
Demi Schuurs (pronounced [ˈdeːmi sxyrs]; born 1 August 1993) is a Dutch professional tennis player who specializes in doubles.
On 22 October 2018, she peaked at No. 7 in the doubles rankings. In February 2015, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 512.

She has won twenty-one doubles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as one singles title and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.
Frank McSherry
Frank McSherry is a computer scientist. McSherry's areas of research include distributed computing and information privacy.

McSherry is known, along with Cynthia Dwork, Adam D. Smith, and Kobbi Nissim, as one of the co-inventors of differential privacy, for which he won the 2017 Gödel Prize. Along with Kunal Talwar, he is the co-creator of the exponential mechanism for differential privacy, for which they won the 2009 PET Award for Outstanding Research in Privacy Enhancing Technologies.

McSherry has also made notable contributions to stream processing systems. In 2019, he founded a startup company for streaming databases called Materialize, where he is currently chief scientist and Chief Technology Officer.

Cynthia Dwork
Cynthia Dwork (born June 27, 1958) is an American computer scientist renowned for her contributions to cryptography, distributed computing, and algorithmic fairness. She is one of the inventors of differential privacy and proof-of-work.

Dwork works at Harvard University, where she is Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science, Radcliffe Alumnae Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and Affiliated Professor at Harvard Law School and Harvard's Department of Statistics.
Gátur Gestumblinda
The riddles of Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, also known as Gátur Gestumblinda ('Gestumblindi's riddles'), Heiðreks gátur ('Heiðrekr's riddles') and Heiðreksmál ('Heiðrekr's speech'), are a group of around thirty-seven Old Icelandic verse riddles that constitute the main evidence for medieval Scandinavian riddling. They appear in Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks (itself also known as Hervarar saga and as Heiðreks saga) as part of a riddle-contest in which the god Óðinn, disguised as a man called Gestumblindi, propounds riddles to the saga's protagonist, Heiðrekr. In the estimation of Jeffrey Scott Love in 2013, they 'have received more scholarly attention than any other passage in the text'.: 128

The riddles provide insights into Norse mythology, medieval Scandinavian social norms (including what is believed to be the only portrayal of female homosexuality in Old Norse), and rarely attested poetic forms.

Scandinavian riddles
Riddles (Old Norse, Icelandic and Faroese gáta, pl. gátur; Bokmål and Nynorsk gåte, pl. gåter; Danish gåde, pl. gåder; Swedish gåta, pl. gåtor) are widely attested in post-medieval Scandinavian languages.
Choice feminism
Choice feminism is a critical term for expressions of feminism that emphasize women’s freedom of choice. Such expressions seek to be “non-judgmental” and to reach as many allies as possible, which is considered depoliticization by its critics.

Despite its individualistic aspect, choice feminism differs from individualist feminism in that it is not deliberately a movement. It has been associated with neoliberalism and postfeminism.

Postfeminism
Postfeminism (alternatively rendered as post-feminism) is an alleged decrease in popular support for feminism from the 1990s onwards. It can be considered a critical way of understanding the changed relations among feminism, femininity and popular culture. The term is sometimes confused with subsequent feminisms such as postmodern feminism, xenofeminism, and the fourth wave.

Research conducted at Kent State University in the 2000s narrowed postfeminism to four main claims: support for feminism declined; women began hating feminism and feminists; society had already attained social equality, thus making feminism outdated; and the label "feminist" has a negative stigma.
Suni, Sardinia
Suni is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Oristano. As of 31 December 2010, it had a population of 1,131 and an area of 47.4 square kilometres (18.3 sq mi).

Suni borders the following municipalities: Bosa, Flussio, Modolo, Pozzomaggiore, Sagama, Sindia, Tinnura.

Tinnura
Tinnura is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Oristano. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 268 and an area of 3.8 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi).

Tinnura borders the following municipalities: Flussio, Sagama, Suni.
David Reilly
David Fitzgerald Reilly (May 5, 1971 – October 16, 2005) was the American singer and songwriting/production partner in the electronic rock band God Lives Underwater (GLU), signed by Rick Rubin to American Recordings in 1993.

God Lives Underwater (EP)
God Lives Underwater is the debut EP and first major release by God Lives Underwater. It was recorded in 1993, and self-distributed by the band in 1994, followed by a national release in 1995. "No More Love", the EP's lead single, was also released on the band's second album Empty. The song "Drag Me Down" was featured in the movie The Doom Generation and "No More Love" was also featured in the movie Johnny Mnemonic.
Iceage
Iceage is a Danish punk rock band from Copenhagen. The band was formed in 2008 and has released the albums New Brigade (2011), You're Nothing (2013), Plowing Into the Field of Love (2014),  Beyondless (2018), and  Seek Shelter (2021).

The band's frontman, Elias Bender Rønnenfelt, also released two albums, This World Is Not Enough (2015) and Telling It Like It Is (2016), under the name Marching Church.
He released his first solo album, Heavy Glory in 2024 and the collaborative EP Lucre with Dean Blunt in 2025.

Dean Blunt
Roy Chukwuemeka Nnawuchi, known professionally as Dean Blunt, is a Nigerian-British singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and contemporary artist. He is best known for his current solo work as well as his previous work as part of the avant-garde duo Hype Williams (with Inga Copeland) and the hip-hop project Babyfather. Blunt was also the founder of London rock band Graffiti Island. He has been described as "a prolific, category-rejecting artist" and "an art-pop provocateur".