hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heian Maru (1930)
Heian Maru (平安丸) was a Japanese ocean liner launched in 1930 and operated primarily on the NYK line's trans-Pacific service between Yokohama and Seattle. Shortly before the outbreak of the Pacific War, it was requisitioned by the Imperial Japanese Navy and converted to use as an auxiliary submarine tender. In 1944 it was sunk by American aircraft at Truk during Operation Hailstone. Its submerged hulk – the largest of Chuuk's "Ghost Fleet" – remains a popular scuba diving destination.

Operation Hailstone
Operation Hailstone was a large-scale United States Navy air and surface attack on Truk Lagoon on 17–18 February 1944, conducted as part of the American offensive drive against the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II.
Haki, Fukuoka
Haki (杷木町, Haki-machi) was a town located in Asakura District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,372 and a density of 186.13 persons per km2. The total area was 44.98 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Haki, along with the former town of Asakura (also from Asakura District), and the city of Amagi, was merged to create the city of Asakura.

Asakura District, Fukuoka
Asakura (朝倉郡, Asakura-gun) is a district located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 50,658 and a density of 255.01 persons per km2. The total area is 198.65 km2. Water wheels form one of the attractions of the district.
Clemens Herschel
Clemens Herschel (March 23, 1842 – March 1, 1930) was an American hydraulic engineer. His career extended from about 1860 to 1930, and he is best known for inventing the Venturi meter, which was the first large-scale, accurate device for measuring water flow. He developed this device while serving as director of the Holyoke Testing Flume, a turbine testing facility which he would redesign, which became the first modern hydraulics laboratory in the United States and the world.

Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a moving fluid speeds up as it is funneled from one section of a pipe to another, smaller section. As the fluid flows into a smaller area, the fluid's velocity increases, while the static pressure decreases.

The Venturi effect is named after its discoverer, the Italian Physicist Giovanni Battista Venturi, and was first published in 1797.

The effect has various applications in Engineering, Architecture, and everyday objects such as Atomizers that disperse perfume or spray paint and Wine aerators. The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector).
Action of 15 August 1917
The action of 15 August 1917 was a naval engagement which occurred during the First World War. The action was fought between a German U-boat (believed to be SM UC-63) and two naval trawlers, Nelson and Ethel & Millie, in the North Sea.

Armed trawler Nelson
Armed trawler Nelson was a British auxiliary warship which served during World War I. She was built in 1905 as the fishing smack G&E, operating from Lowestoft and registered as LT 649. In 1915 she was armed for defence against U-boat attack, and fought several actions against them. She was sunk in action on 15 August 1917.  This action was fought between a German U-boat (believed to be SM UC-63) and two trawlers, Nelson and Ethel & Millie, off the English coast.
Giles Matthey
Giles Ingram Matthey (born 11 November 1987) is a British actor best known for his role as Claude Crane on the HBO original series True Blood, Gideon on the ABC series Once Upon a Time, and Jordan Reed on FOX series 24: Live Another Day.

24: Live Another Day
24: Live Another Day (also known as 24: Season 9 or 24: Day 9) is a 24 limited event television series that aired on Fox from May 5 to July 14, 2014. Sky 1 simulcast the premiere on May 6 in the United Kingdom and Ireland but switched to Wednesday nights for the rest of the episodes. It began airing in Australia on Network Ten on May 12, 2014. Set four years after the events of season 8, it adheres to the real time concept of covering the events of a 24-hour period and begins and ends at 11:00 a.m. However, there is a 12-hour time jump within the final episode.
Osaki Launch Complex
Osaki Launch Complex is a rocket launch site located at the Tanegashima Space Center on the island of Tanegashima.

Initially constructed for the N-I rocket, the complex was subsequently utilized for N-II, H-I and J-I launches.

Constructed in the early 1970s to support N-I rocket launches, the facility underwent modifications in the 1980s to accommodate the N-II and H-I. It underwent extensive renovations in the early 1990s to support the J-I rocket, though the J-I was launched only once before the program's cancellation. In November 1998, the Osaki complex was used for a separation test involving an SRB-A solid rocket booster, which is utilized on the H-IIA launch vehicle.

The Osaki Launch Complex was deactivated in the mid-1990s, with operations shifting to the newer Yoshinobu Launch Complex located to the north.

J-I
The J-I was a solid-fuel, expendable, small-lift launch vehicle developed by the National Space Development Agency of Japan and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. In an attempt to reduce development costs, it used the solid rocket booster from the H-II as the first stage, and the upper stages of the M-3SII. It flew only once on a suborbital flight taking place on 11 February 1996 from the Osaki Launch Complex at the Tanegashima Space Center in a partial configuration, to launch the demonstrator HYFLEX. The vehicle never flew in the final orbital capability configuration, which should have launched the OICETS satellite (OICETS was launched on a Russian R-36MUTTH Intercontinental ballistic missile-based Dnepr rocket instead).

On the HYFLEX mission a load of 1,054 kg was launched 1,300 km downrange. Apogee was 110km; the HYFLEX payload achieved speed of approximately 3.8 km/s.
Pierre Antoine Monneron
Pierre Antoine Monneron (16 January 1747 – 8 June 1801) was a French merchant, banker, writer and politician.

Monneron was born in Annonay, Ardèche.  He was deputy to the French National Convention for Mauritius. His brothers, Joseph François Augustin Monneron and Louis Monneron, were also active in French national and colonial politics of the time, whilst his brother Charles Claude Ange Monneron was an engineer and explorer.

Pierre Monneron died in Pamplemousses, Mauritius, aged 54.

Charles Claude Ange Monneron
Charles Claude Ange Monneron (5 April 1735, in Antibes, Alpes-Maritimes – 30 May 1799, in Annonay) was a French businessman, banker and politician. He held the position of intendant général of Pondichéry (making a fortune with the French East India Company). Additionally he served as a député to the Estates General of 1789 and then to the National Constituent Assembly.
Nguyễn Thị Hiền
Nguyễn Thị Hiền (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ tʰi˧˨ʔ hiən˨˩]; born 1958) is the former Spouse of the President of Vietnam during the presidency of Trần Đại Quang from 2016 until his death in 2018. Hiền is known for her philanthropy and efforts in promoting foreign investment and tourism.

Trần Đại Quang
Trần Đại Quang (Vietnamese: [t͡ɕən˨˩ ʔɗaːj˧˨ʔ kwaːŋ˧˧]; 12 October 1956 – 21 September 2018) was a Vietnamese politician and former police general who served as the ninth president of Vietnam from 2016 until his death in 2018. After serving for five years as the Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016, Quang was nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang to the presidency and was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 2 April 2016. He was one of the country's top leaders and ranked second in the Politburo behind Nguyễn Phú Trọng, the General Secretary of the Communist Party.
Jing (Chinese medicine)
Jing (Chinese: 精; pinyin: jīng; Wade–Giles: ching1) is the Chinese word for "essence", specifically kidney essence. Along with qi and shen, it is considered one of the Three Treasures of traditional Chinese medicine.

Yuanqi
In traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese culture, yuán qì (元氣) or vital qi, innate or prenatal qi. Inborn qi (Jing 精) is differentiated from acquired qi that a person may develop or replenished over their lifetime. Further more traditionally it is said that the Kidneys are the root of qi, Left being Yuan yin and the right being Yuan yang. The transportation of Yuan qi is done via the triple warmer (San Jiao 三膲) in Chinese medicine, and is associated with the adrenal glands.

Porkert describes the concept as "the metaphorical designation of the inborn constitution, the vital potential that is gradually used up in the course of life. It may be conserved but never replenished."

The term has been used since at least the Han dynasty, where it is found in the chapter 'Lu Li Zhi Shang/律历志上' of the History Book, 'Han Shu.'
Venyov
Venyov (Russian: Венёв) is a town and the administrative center of Venyovsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Venyovka River, 52 kilometers (32 mi) east of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  15,224 (2010 Census); 16,167 (2002 Census); 13,243 (1989 Soviet census).

Venyovsky District
Venyovsky District  (Russian: Венёвский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. Within the framework of municipal divisions, it is incorporated as Venyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,620 square kilometers (630 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Venyov. Population: 33,940 (2010 Census);  37,612 (2002 Census); 38,527 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Venyov accounts for 44.9% of the district's total population.
Jamie Glover
Jamie Blair Glover is an English actor. He is best known for playing Andrew Treneman in the BBC One school-based drama series, Waterloo Road, returning to the role in 2023. He was also cast as Harry Potter in the second cast of the West-End production of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child in 2017, and starred as Roger Tramplemain in Michael Frayn's comical farce Noises Off at the Novello Theatre in 2012. He also appeared as William Russell in the Doctor Who docudrama, An Adventure in Space and Time (2013).

William Russell (English actor)
William Russell Enoch (19 November 1924 – 3 June 2024) was an English actor who performed as both Russell Enoch and William Russell.  His career on stage and screen spanned over seven decades and he first achieved prominence in the title role of the television series The Adventures of Sir Lancelot (1956–1957). In 1963, he was in the original lead cast of BBC1's Doctor Who, playing the role of schoolteacher Ian Chesterton from the show's first episode until 1965.

Russell's film roles include parts in The Man Who Never Was (1956), The Great Escape (1963) and Superman (1978). On television, he appeared as Ted Sullivan in Coronation Street in 1992. In his later years, he continued his association with Doctor Who and returned as Ian for a 2022 cameo in "The Power of the Doctor", 57 years after the character left, which won him a Guinness World Record for the longest gap between TV appearances.
Sistema Nacional de Televisión (Nicaragua)
The National Television System (Sistema Nacional de Televisión - SNTV) was a television network in Nicaragua, owned and operated by the government from 1990 to 1997.

With Violeta Chamorro's triumph in the 1990 elections, Canal 6 (then part of the Sandinista Television System) became the new National Television System. In 1997 it was legally declared in bankruptcy under Arnoldo Alemán's government.

Channel 6 continued operations until 2002 and resumed its formal operations in 2011, this time under a private company run by members of the Ortega family, NEPISA.

Canal 6 (Nicaraguan TV channel)
Canal 6 is a Nicaraguan terrestrial television channel broadcasting from the city of Managua. The station claims to be owned by the Government of Nicaragua, but is actually owned by a joint stock company called NEPISA (Negocios Publicitarios Internacionales).

The channel's current director is Aarón Josué Peralta Obregón, former director of the Sandinist Youth.
Universal CityWalk
Universal CityWalk is the name shared by the entertainment and retail districts located adjacent to the theme parks of Universal Destinations & Experiences. CityWalk began as an expansion of Universal's first park, Universal Studios Hollywood, and serves as an entrance plaza from the parking lots to the theme parks. The CityWalk chain can also be found at Universal Orlando Resort in Florida, United States; Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan; and Universal Beijing Resort in Beijing, China.

CityWalk Hollywood and CityWalk Orlando have some common tenants, but their respective architectural styles are quite different. Where CityWalk Hollywood incorporates a classic modern blend of Hollywood, CityWalk Orlando is almost entirely modern in appearance.

Universal Beijing
The Universal Beijing Resort (Chinese: 北京环球度假区), commonly known as Universal Beijing, is a theme park and entertainment resort complex based in Beijing, China. Invite-only test operation started on September 1, 2021, and the full operation started from September 20, 2021.

The resort is operated by Universal Destinations & Experiences. It is minority-owned by NBCUniversal, a division of the US company Comcast (30%), and majority-owned by Beijing Shouhuan Cultural Tourism Investment (70%), a Chinese state-owned (government) enterprise.

Once completed, Universal Beijing Resort will consist of two theme parks (Universal Studios Beijing and a second planned theme park), a water park, a shopping, dining and entertainment complex (Universal CityWalk Beijing), and six hotels.
Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1983
The Netherlands was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 with the song "Sing Me a Song", composed by Piet Souer, with lyrics by Martin Duiser, and performed by Bernadette. The Dutch participating broadcaster, Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS), selected its entry through a national final.

Piet Souer
Pieter Cornelis "Piet" Souer (born 29 March 1948) is a Dutch record producer, songwriter and arranger. Through his collaborations with acts such as Luv', Mouth & MacNeal, Liesbeth List, Ramses Shaffy, American Gypsy, and Champagne, he has achieved twenty-two gold and platinum records, a Conamus Export Prize, and an 'Outstanding Song Award' for his composition "Too Young To Know", performed by Anita Meyer at World Popular Song Festival in Japan in 1981.
Gordon D. Gayle
Gordon Donald Gayle (September 13, 1917 – April 21, 2013) was an American officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general and historian. A veteran of World War II and Korea, he distinguished himself as commanding officer, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines and received Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat.

He later served as chairman, Long Range Study Panel which was tasked with the developing of concepts for the Marine Corps operational, organizational, logistical and Research and Development needs for the 1985 period. The study was a catalyst in forming a coherent Marine Corps vision of its future.

2nd Battalion, 5th Marines
2nd Battalion 5th Marines (2/5 or "Two Five") is an infantry battalion in the United States Marine Corps consisting of approximately 800 marines and sailors. They are based out of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California and fall under the command of the 5th Marine Regiment and the 1st Marine Division. The battalion has seen combat in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War and has deployed many times in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and the war on terror.

2/5 is the most highly decorated battalion in the Marine Corps, and their motto, "Retreat, Hell!", comes from the French trenches of World War I, when a Marine officer named Lloyd W. Williams was advised by a French officer to retreat and replied, "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"
Holli Dempsey
Holli Cara-Rhian Dempsey (born 11 May 1990) is an English actress, writer and comedian. On television, she is known for her roles in the ITV drama The Ice Cream Girls (2013), the Channel 4 series Derek (2013–2014), the E4 series The Aliens (2016), and the Hulu series Harlots (2017–2019). Her films include Aaaaaaaah! (2015) and Dad's Army (2016).

The Aliens (TV series)
The Aliens is a British science fiction television series created and written by Fintan Ryan. It is set 40 years after aliens land in the Irish Sea and are reluctantly integrated into British society in the fictional city of Troy. Border guard Lewis Garvey, played by Michael Socha, is caught up in the criminal underbelly of Troy as he learns he is himself half-alien.

The six-episode series also stars Michaela Coel, Michael Smiley and Jim Howick, and is produced by Clerkenwell Films for E4. The first episode was released on 8 March 2016. Ryan had previously written BBC shows Never Better and In the Flesh.
Beta Ray Bill
Beta Ray Bill is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Debuting in the Bronze Age of Comic Books, the character was initially intended to be a surprise; an apparent monster who unexpectedly turns out to be a great hero. As such, Bill is the first being outside the Marvel Universe's Norse pantheon to be introduced as being worthy to wield Thor's hammer, Mjolnir. After an initial rivalry with Thor for possession of the weapon, the alien warrior was granted a war hammer of his own, called Stormbreaker, and the two reconciled as staunch allies, going on to fight side by side.

Beta Ray Bill has been featured in other Marvel-endorsed products, such as animated television series, video games, and merchandise.

Surtur (character)
Surtur is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly as an enemy of Thor. Based on the fire giant Surtr from Norse mythology, he was adapted by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, and first appeared in Journey into Mystery #97 (October 1963). The character was once described as one of "The Ten Most Heinous Enemies of the Mighty Thor".

The character has appeared in several media adaptations of Thor. Surtur made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Thor: Ragnarok (2017), motion-captured by Taika Waititi, and voiced by Clancy Brown. Brown reprised the role as an alternate reality version of the character in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021-2023).
Jamaat Ali Shah
Pir Syed Jamaat Ali Shah (1834 – 1951) was a Pakistani author, Islamic scholar and Sufi saint of the Naqshbandi Order. He presided over the All India Sunni Conference and led the Movement for Shaheed Ganj Mosque. He was a contemporary of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, the founder of Barelvi movement.

He was among the scholars who led the anti-Ahmadiyya movement. He was a leader of the Pakistan Movement. He gave personal donations to Anjuman Hizbul Ahnaf, a Madrasa founded by Syed Deedar Ali Shah Alwari to propagate the true Islam to the people.

Shaheed Ganj Mosque
The Shaheed Ganj Mosque, originally named the Abdullah Khan Mosque (Urdu: مسجد شَهيد گنج), is a former mosque, since demolished, that was located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The mosque was commissioned in 1722 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah and built by Abdullah Khan. Construction was completed in 1753 during the reign of Ahmad Shah Bahadur. It was constructed next to the shrine of Pir Shah Kaku. Sikh rule began in 1762 and the Gurdwara Bhai Taru Singh was built afterwards within the same grounds. The mosque site was under dispute during British rule, and was demolished by Sikhs on 8 July 1935.
William Strode (1562–1637)
Sir William Strode (1562–1637) of Newnham in the parish of Plympton St Mary, Devon, England, was a member of the Devon landed gentry, a military engineer and seven times a Member of Parliament elected for Devon in 1597 and 1624, for Plympton Erle in 1601, 1604, 1621 and 1625, and for Plymouth in 1614. He was High Sheriff of Devon from 1593 to 1594 and was knighted in 1598. In 1599 he was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Devon. There is a monument to him in the parish church of Plympton St Mary.

William Strode
William Strode (1598 – 9 September 1645) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1624 and 1645. He was one of the Five Members whose impeachment and attempted unconstitutional arrest by King Charles I in the House of Commons in 1642 sparked the Civil War, during which he fought on the Parliamentarian side.
Sleepover (film)
Sleepover is a 2004 American teen comedy film directed by Joe Nussbaum, in his feature film directorial debut. The film stars Alexa Vega and Mika Boorem with supporting roles from Jane Lynch, Sara Paxton, Brie Larson, Steve Carell and Jeff Garlin.

It was released theatrically in the United States on July 9, 2004, and was both a box office and critical failure upon its release, but has since become a cult classic among fans who viewed the film through the ancillary market in subsequent years.

Sara Paxton
Sara Paxton (born April 25, 1988) is an American actress and singer. She began acting at an early age, appearing in minor roles in both films and television shows before rising to fame in early October 2002. She played Sarah Tobin from Greetings from Tucson (2002–2003), the title role in the television series Darcy's Wild Life (2004–2006) and Sarah Borden in Summerland (2004). Her other films include Aquamarine (2006), Return to Halloweentown (2006), Sydney White (2007), Superhero Movie (2008), The Last House on the Left (2009), The Innkeepers (2011), and The Front Runner (2018).
Marching cubes
Marching cubes is a computer graphics algorithm, published in the 1987 SIGGRAPH proceedings by Lorensen and Cline, for extracting a polygonal mesh of an isosurface from a three-dimensional discrete scalar field (the elements of which are sometimes called voxels). The applications of this algorithm are mainly concerned with medical visualizations such as CT and MRI scan data images, and special effects or 3-D modelling with what is usually called metaballs or other metasurfaces. The marching cubes algorithm is meant to be used for 3-D; the 2-D version of this algorithm is called the marching squares algorithm.

Metaballs
In computer graphics, metaballs, also known as blobby objects, are organic-looking n-dimensional isosurfaces, characterised by their ability to meld together when in close proximity to create single, contiguous objects.

In solid modelling, polygon meshes are commonly used. In certain instances, however, metaballs are superior. A metaball's "blobby" appearance makes them versatile tools, often used to model organic objects and also to create base meshes for sculpting.

The technique for rendering metaballs was invented by Jim Blinn in the early 1980s to model atom interactions for Carl Sagan's 1980 TV series Cosmos. It is also referred to colloquially as the "jelly effect" in the motion and UX design community, commonly appearing in UI elements such as navigations and buttons. Metaball behavior corresponds to mitosis in cell biology, where chromosomes generate identical copies of themselves through cell division.
2025 Vanuatuan general election
Snap general elections were held in Vanuatu on 16 January 2025, having been moved from 14 January 2025 due to the 2024 Port Vila earthquake on 17 December. The election results showed no political party winning a majority in Parliament, prompting the creation of a coalition government on 27 January.

2024 Port Vila earthquake
At 12:47:26 VUT (01:47:26 UTC) on 17 December 2024, a Mw 7.3 earthquake struck near Port Vila, the capital of Vanuatu. At least 14 people died while 265 others were injured. Extensive damage occurred in Port Vila and surrounding areas. The earthquake also generated a 25 cm (10 in) tsunami.