hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Civil procedure
Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and regulations along with some standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kind of service of process (if any) is required; the types of pleadings or statements of case, motions or applications, and orders allowed in civil cases; the timing and manner of depositions and discovery or disclosure; the conduct of trials; the process for judgment; the process for post-trial procedures; various available remedies; and how the courts and clerks must function.

Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail or incarcerated, and results in the conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Criminal procedure can be either in form of inquisitorial or adversarial criminal procedure.
Andreas Wistuba
Andreas Wistuba (born 4 March 1967) is a German taxonomist and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genera Heliamphora and Nepenthes.  More than half of all known Heliamphora species have been described by Wistuba.

Heliamphora
The genus Heliamphora (/hɛliˈæmfərə/ or /hiːliˈæmfərə/; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 24 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America. The species are collectively known as sun pitchers, based on the mistaken notion that the heli of Heliamphora is from the Greek helios, meaning "sun". The name instead derives from the Greek helos, meaning "marsh", so a more accurate translation of their scientific name would be marsh pitcher plants. Species in the genus Heliamphora are carnivorous plants that consist of a modified leaf form that is fused into a tubular shape.  They have evolved mechanisms to  attract, trap, and kill insects; and control the amount of water in the pitcher.  At least one species (H. tatei) produces its own proteolytic enzymes that allows it to digest its prey without the help of symbiotic bacteria.
Warwickshire Police
Warwickshire Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing Warwickshire in England. It is the second smallest territorial police force in England and Wales after the City of London Police, with 1,126 regular officers as of July 2024. The resident population of the force area is 554,002.

Peter Joslin
Peter Joslin QPM DL (born 26 October 1933) is a former British police officer and Deputy lieutenant of Warwickshire. He served as Chief Constable of Warwickshire Police, where he held the position for fifteen years from 1983 to 1998, becoming the county's longest serving police chief. In addition at the time of his retirement in 1998 he was also one of the United Kingdom's longest serving police officers, having served for 44 years.
Pine Bush, New York
Pine Bush is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the town of Crawford and adjacent to Shawangunk, New York, within Orange and adjacent to Ulster counties in the U.S. It is roughly coterminous with the 12566 ZIP code and 744 telephone exchange in the 845 area code. These both extend into adjacent regions of the town of Shawangunk in Ulster County. (The Pine Bush Central School District includes part of the town of Mamakating in Sullivan County as well). The population was 1,751 at the 2020 census.

Pine Bush is part of the Poughkeepsie–Newburgh–Middletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Crawford, New York
Crawford is a town in the north of Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 9,130 at the 2020 census. The name comes from a settler who gave his name to a community in the hamlet now called Pine Bush.
BMW FIZ
The BMW Group Forschungs- und Innovationszentrum (BMW FIZ) is the main engineering and development campus of the BMW Group. It is located in Milbertshofen-Am Hart, a district in northern Munich.

About 20,000 engineers and workers develop cars as well as motorcycles on a 500,000 m2 area spread out across several areas and buildings.

Since October 2017, the BMW FIZ was extended by the BMW Autonomous Driving Campus, located in Unterschleißheim about 13 km north of the main FIZ campus. There, BMW intends to colocate all BMW engineers working on autonomous driving capabilities in the cooperation with Intel.

Milbertshofen-Am Hart
Milbertshofen (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪlbɐtsˌhoːfn̩] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Muibatshofa), Am Riesenfeld and Am Hart (German pronunciation: [am ˈhaʁt] ⓘ; Central Bavarian: Am Hoart) are three boroughs situated in the north of Munich in Germany. Jointly, they form the city district 11 Milbertshofen-Am Hart. As of December 2016, the three boroughs had 76,255 inhabitants.
Observable
In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states, e.g., position and momentum. In quantum mechanics, an observable is described by a linear operator. 
For example, these operators might represent submitting the system to various electromagnetic fields and eventually reading a value.

Physically meaningful observables must also satisfy transformation laws that relate observations performed by different observers in different frames of reference. These transformation laws are automorphisms of the state space, that is bijective transformations that preserve certain mathematical properties of the space in question.

Quantum state
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. Knowledge of the quantum state, and the rules for the system's evolution in time, exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

Quantum states are either pure or mixed, and have several possible representations. Pure quantum states are commonly represented as a vector in a Hilbert space. Mixed states are statistical mixtures of pure states and cannot be represented as vectors on that Hilbert space, and instead are commonly represented as density matrices.

Common examples of quantum states are the wave functions describing position and momentum, finite-dimensional vectors describing spin such as the singlet, and states describing many-body quantum systems in a Fock space.
Cal Tjader
Callen Radcliffe Tjader Jr. (/ˈdʒeɪdər/ JAY-dər; July 16, 1925 – May 5, 1982) was an American Latin Jazz musician, often described as the most successful non-Latino Latin musician. He explored other jazz idioms, especially small group modern jazz, even as he continued to perform the music of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Although his main instrument was the vibraphone, Tjader was also accomplished on the drums, bongos, congas, timbales, and the piano. He worked with many musicians from several cultures. He is often linked to the development of Latin rock and acid jazz. Although the fusion of Jazz with Latin music is often pigeonholed as "Latin Jazz", Tjader's works swung freely between both styles. His Grammy award in 1980 for his album La Onda Va Bien capped off a career that spanned over 40 years.

Dave Brubeck Octet
The Dave Brubeck Octet is a jazz album released by the Dave Brubeck Octet in 1956. It compiles the octet's complete recorded output made between 1946 and 1950, which was originally released in other forms. The artwork was credited to Arnold Roth.
Bela Vista, São Tomé and Príncipe
Bela Vista (Portuguese for "Beautiful View") is a village in Lobata District on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 527 (2012 census). It lies 0.8 km south of Santo Amaro and 5 km northwest of the capital city São Tomé.

Santo Amaro, São Tomé and Príncipe
Santo Amaro is a town in São Tomé and Príncipe. It is located in Lobata District, northern São Tomé Island. Its population is 1063 (2012 census). It lies 0.8 km north of Bela Vista, 3 km east of Conde and 6 km northwest of the city centre of the capital São Tomé.
Nubl
Nubl (Arabic: نبل, also spelled Nubbul or Nubbol) is a small city in northern Syria, administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate, located northwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include al-Zahraa immediately to the south, Anadan to the southeast, Tel Rifaat to the northeast, Aqiba to the north, Barad to the west, and Mayer immediately to the east. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nubl had a population of 21,039 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Shia Muslims and together with nearby al-Zahraa, Nubl forms a small Shia-inhabited pocket in a mostly Sunni Muslim area in the Aleppo Governorate.

Mayer, Syria
Mayer (Arabic: ماير) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the A'zaz District of Aleppo Governorate, located northwest of Aleppo. Nearby localities include Kafr Naya to the northeast and Nubl to the west. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Mayer had a population of 4,772 in the 2004 census.
Sergio Rossetti Morosini
Sergio Rossetti Morosini (born 1953) is a Contemporary Brazilian-American scholar, artist and author of Venetian extraction who served as Brazil's Cultural attaché in New Orleans and is also dedicated to preserving the Atlantic Forest and restoring the art in stone of New York City Landmarks.

National Arts Club
The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the New York Times, to "stimulate, foster, and promote public interest in the arts and to educate people in the fine arts." The National Arts Club has several art galleries, and hosts a variety of public programs in all artistic areas including theater, dance, fashion, literature and music, and more. Although the club is private, all of its programming and exhibitions are free and open to the public.
Almaguin Spartans
The Almaguin Spartans were a Canadian junior ice hockey team based in South River, Ontario.  They play in the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (GMHL).  They were originally the Mattawa Voyageurs of Mattawa, Ontario.

Temiscaming Titans
The Témiscaming Titans (French: Les Titans de Témiscaming) are a junior ice hockey team based in Témiscaming, Quebec, Canada. They are members of the North Division of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League (GMHL). The Titans play their home games at the 750 seat (900 capacity) Le Centre de Témiscaming.

The team has had success, winning two division titles, won the regular season championship twice, appeared in the Russell Cup Finals four times, and won the Russell Cup in 2015 and 2022. The success has been reflected in attendance and has been one of the top teams in attendance in the GMHL.
Gil Ray
George Gilbert Ray (September 17, 1956 – January 24, 2017) was an American rock drummer, guitarist, and vocalist, best known for his recordings in the 1980s and 1990s as a member of the bands Game Theory and The Loud Family. In late 2012, he joined Rain Parade as drummer for a series of reunion performances.

Lolita Nation
Lolita Nation is the fourth full-length album by Game Theory, a California power pop band fronted by guitarist and singer-songwriter Scott Miller. Originally released in 1987 as a double LP, the album was reissued by Omnivore Recordings in February 2016 as a double CD set with 21 bonus tracks.
Blegdamsvej
Blegdamsvej is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark, connecting Sankt Hans Torv in Nørrebro to Trianglen in Østerbro. The busy artery Fredensgade separates the Nørrebro and Østerbro sections of the street from each other. The north side of the street is dominated by the Panum Building and Rigshospitalet, located on either side of Tagensvej.

Tagensvej
Tagensvej is a major street in the northwestern part of inner Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Blegdamsvej on the border between Nørrebro and Østerbro in the southeast to Frederiksborgvej and Bispebjerg Cemetery in the northwest.
2024 Tokyo ePrix
The 2024 Tokyo ePrix was the fifth race of the 2023–24 Formula E World Championship, held on 30 March 2024. It was the first running of the Tokyo ePrix, a new event held around the Tokyo Street Circuit.

The ePrix was won by Maximilian Günther for Maserati, who overtook Nissan driver Oliver Rowland towards the end of the race after saving energy throughout. Defending champion Jake Dennis completed the podium in third place for Andretti. Günther's win was his fifth Formula E race victory and first of the season to date, and only the second ever Formula E victory for Maserati.

Tokyo street circuit
The Tokyo Street Circuit is a 2.575 km (1.600 mi) street circuit located around the Tokyo International Exhibition Centre in the Japanese capital that hosts the Tokyo ePrix, a round of the Formula E electric formula racing series. The inaugural edition in 2024 became the first international-championship street race to be hosted on closed public roads in the city.
Morong, Rizal
Morong, officially the Municipality of Morong (Tagalog: Bayan ng Morong), is a municipality located in the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 72,262 people.

The town is also known for promoting education as its priority, with the vision "Una Ang Edukasyon" (Education First). During the 1970s until the early-1990s, Morong became a center of education with students from nearby towns of Rizal coming to study in the numerous academic institutions situated in the town.

Some popular town attraction are the St. Jerome's Parish Church built in the Spanish Era as well as the featuring side dish called balaw-balaw.

Morong is 28 kilometers (17 mi) from Antipolo and 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Manila.

Tomás Claudio
Tomás Claudio y Mateo (May 7, 1892 – June 29, 1918) was a Filipino soldier who enlisted in the U.S. Army during the First World War. He was considered as the first Filipino to die overseas in the midst of an international conflict.
Llandogo Halt railway station
Llandogo Halt was a request stop on the former Wye Valley Railway. It was opened on 9 March 1927 to serve the village of Llandogo. It was closed in 1959 following the withdrawal of passenger services on the line. It was the smallest construction on the Wye Valley Railway.

51°43′57″N 2°41′12″W﻿ / ﻿51.7326°N 2.6868°W﻿ / 51.7326; -2.6868

Wye Valley Railway
The Wye Valley Railway was a standard gauge railway that ran for nearly 15 miles (24 km) along the Lower Wye Valley between the towns of Chepstow and Monmouth, crossing several times between Wales and England. Opened on 1 November 1876, it was leased to, and worked by, the Great Western Railway (GWR), before being fully absorbed by the GWR in 1905.

The line was built with the hope of becoming part of a through trunk route between Bristol and the industrial Midlands, a development which never took place. Although tourism provided some new passenger business in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods, the line's income was always weak.

After nationalisation, British Railways reviewed its viability and withdrew the passenger service on 5 January 1959. A limited goods and mineral service continued until 1964, after which residual traffic continued on the southern end of the route to Tintern Quarry, until 1981, and Dayhouse Quarry, near Tidenham, until 1990.
Dhar district, India
Dhar district (Hindi pronunciation: [d̪ʱaːɾ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic town of Dhar is administrative headquarters of the district.

The district has a land area of 8,153 square kilometres (3,148 sq mi). It is bounded by the districts of Ratlam to the north, Ujjain to the northeast, Indore to the east, Khargone (West Nimar) to the southeast, Barwani to the south, Jhabua and Alirajpur to the west. It is part of the Indore Division of Madhya Pradesh. The population of the district is 2,185,793 (2011 census), an increase of 25.60% from its 2001 population of 1,740,329. Pithampur is a large industrial area comes under Dhar District. Kukshi is the largest tehsil of the district.

Ratlam district
Ratlam district (Hindi pronunciation: [ɾət̪.laːm]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Ratlam is administrative headquarters of the district.Ratlam district is located in western part of Madhya Pradesh.
Franciszek Mączyński
Franciszek Mączyński (21 September 1874 in Wadowice – 28 June 1947 in Kraków) was a Polish Art Nouveau architect. Prominent by 1910, his commissions include several major churches, and turn-of-the-century civic and cultural institutions designed in a Polish-influenced Secession style. In 1936 he was awarded the Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature.

Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts
The Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts (Polish: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie, TPSP) is a social group of artists, artisans and their supporters founded in Kraków in 1854, under the Austrian Partition of Poland. Today, the Society operates from the Art Nouveau Palace of Art erected by its own members in 1901 at the Szczepański Square in Kraków Old Town. After major renovations of the Palace in 1996, the Society organizes local and international art exhibits and numerous other art initiatives.
Mother of vinegar
Mother of vinegar is a biofilm composed of a form of cellulose, yeast, and bacteria that sometimes develops on fermenting alcoholic liquids during the process that turns alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air and acetic acid bacteria (AAB). It is similar to the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) mostly known from production of kombucha, but develops to a much lesser extent due to lesser availability of yeast, which is often no longer present in wine/cider at this stage, and a different population of bacteria. Mother of vinegar is often added to wine, cider, or other alcoholic liquids to produce vinegar at home, although only the bacteria is required, but historically has also been used in large scale production.

Vinegar
Vinegar (from Old French  vyn egre 'sour wine') is an odorous aqueous solution of diluted acetic acid and trace compounds that may include flavorings or naturally occurring organic compounds. Vinegar typically contains from 4% to 18% acetic acid by volume.

Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting ethanol to acetic acid using acetic acid bacteria. Many types of vinegar are made, depending on source materials.

The product is now mainly used in the culinary arts as a flavorful, acidic cooking ingredient, salad dressing, or pickling agent. Various types are used as condiments or garnishes, including balsamic vinegar and malt vinegar.

As an easily manufactured mild acid, it has a wide variety of industrial and domestic uses, including functioning as a household cleaner.
Deonna Purrazzo
Deonna Lynn Purrazzo (born June 10, 1994) is an American professional wrestler. She is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) and its sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), where she is the current and inaugural ROH Women's Pure Champion.

Purrazzo began training in December 2012, and then started wrestling in various independent promotions the following year, eventually appearing in national companies TNA and ROH. She also worked for the Japanese promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom from 2017 to 2018. After making various appearances for WWE beginning in 2014, she signed with the company in 2018 and was appointed to its developmental brand NXT, yet she was released in 2020. Purrazzo then re-signed with TNA, which had been renamed to Impact Wrestling in 2017, and quickly rose through the ranks in the women's division, and she also appeared in AAA through a partnership with Impact. After leaving Impact at the end of 2023, Purrazzo signed with AEW that same month.

ECWA Women's Super 8 Tournament
The ECWA Women's Super 8 Tournament is an annual professional wrestling tournament held by the East Coast Wrestling Association (ECWA) annually since 2014. The tournament is contested by eight female wrestlers in a one-night single-elimination format. The tournament was originally called the ECWA Super 8 ChickFight Tournament until being rebranded in 2019.
Charters Towers School of Mines
Charters Towers School of Mines is a heritage-listed school of mines at 24–26 Hodgkinson Street, Charters Towers City, Charters Towers, Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Charters Towers City, Queensland
Charters Towers City (formerly Lissner) is the central suburb and central business district of the town of Charters Towers in the Charters Towers Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Charters Towers City had a population of 2,219 people.
Rhododendron sect. Tsutsusi
Rhododendron section Tsutsusi  (spelled Tsutsuji in some older texts) is a section of the genus Rhododendron, commonly referred to as the evergreen azaleas. Formerly a subgenus, in 2005 it was reduced to a section and subsumed by subgenus Azaleastrum. Containing 80 to 117 species, it includes both deciduous and evergreen types and is distributed in Japan, China and northeastern Asia. They are of high cultural importance to the Japanese. Among the species in this genus lie the largest flowering azaleas.

Rhododendron
Rhododendron (/ˌroʊdəˈdɛndrən/; pl.: rhododendra), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), meaning "rose", and δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are native to eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, but smaller numbers occur elsewhere in Asia, and in North America, Europe and Australia.

It is the national flower of Nepal, the state flower of Washington and West Virginia in the United States, the state flower of Nagaland and Himachal Pradesh in India, the provincial flower of Jeju Province in South Korea, the provincial flower of Jiangxi in China and the state tree of Sikkim and Uttarakhand in India. Most species have brightly coloured flowers which bloom from late winter through to early summer.

Azaleas make up two subgenera of Rhododendron. They are distinguished from "true" rhododendrons by having only five anthers per flower.
Yam ring
Yam ring (Chinese: 芋头圈; pinyin: yùtou quān), also known as yam basket, taro basket or prosperity basket (Chinese: 佛钵; pinyin: fúbō; Jyutping: fat6but3), is a Singaporean dish consisting of a deep-fried ring of mashed taro filled with separately stir-fried ingredients. Originally a vegetarian dish, it is now commonly served with chicken or seafood, and a staple at tze char restaurant.

Tze char
Tze char, also romanised Zi char, is a Singaporean Singlish colloquialism deriving from the local Hokkien dialect to describe an economical food stall which provides a wide selection of common and affordable dishes which approximate home-cooked meals.

Most tze char stalls are commonly found throughout the country's hawker centres and kopitiams located in the heartlands of Singapore, selling dishes of Singaporean cuisine. Hence, most of them are usually found in a casual, non air-conditioned setting. Nonetheless, a handful of tze char stalls do have their own air-conditioned dining area as well, and in those without them, ceiling fans are often present as a government policy.