hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appenzell Wars
The Appenzell Wars (German: Appenzeller Kriege) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the Appenzell region of modern-day Switzerland.  The wars consisted of uprisings of cooperative groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of St. Gallen, against the traditional medieval power structure represented by the House of Habsburg and the Prince-Abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall.

The conflict was one of a number of popular revolts in late-medieval Europe. It resulted in greater autonomy for Appenzell and its association with the Old Swiss Confederacy, of which it would become a member (canton) in 1513.

Abbey of Saint Gall
The Abbey of Saint Gall (German: Abtei St. Gallen) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland. The Carolingian-era monastery existed from 719, founded by Saint Othmar on the spot where Saint Gall had erected his hermitage. It became an independent principality between 9th and 13th centuries, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. The library of the Abbey is one of the oldest monastic libraries in the world.

The city of St. Gallen originated as an adjoining settlement of the abbey. The abbey was secularized around 1800, and in 1848 its former church became St. Gallen Cathedral, the seat of the Diocese of Saint Gallen. Since 1983 the abbey precinct has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chatamla
Chatamla is a monotypic moth genus in the family Epicopeiidae described by Frederic Moore in 1881. Its only species, Chatamla flavescens, was described by Francis Walker in 1854. It is found in northern India.

Epicopeiidae
Epicopeiidae is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera. They are known as oriental swallowtail moths as they closely resemble some oriental swallowtail butterflies (e.g. red-bodied swallowtails). Epicopeiidae have highly varied structure in regards to body size and wing shape. Epicopeiidaen wing patterns are involved in complicated mimicry rings.
Francisco Encina
José Francisco Encina Moriamez (born 18 December 1943) is a Chilean politician who served as President of the Chamber of Deputies and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies, representing District 8 of the Coquimbo Region.

President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile
The president of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile (Spanish: Presidente de la Cámara de Diputadas y Diputados de la República de Chile) is the highest authority of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile. The office was established in 1811 by the First National Congress of Chile.

In the presidential line of succession, It is ranked after the ministers of State and the president of the Senate of Chile (Constitution, Art. 29).

The office is currently held by José Miguel Castro of the National Renwal (RN). He is president 7 April 2025 after Karol Cariola's resignation.
Propylene chlorohydrin
Propylene chlorohydrin usually refers to the organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2Cl. A related compound, an isomer, is CH3CH(Cl)CH2OH. Both isomers are colorless liquids that are soluble in organic solvents. They are classified as chlorohydrins. Both are generated on a large scale as intermediates in the production of propylene oxide.

The reaction of aqueous solution of chlorine with propene gives a 10:1 ratio of CH3CH(OH)CH2Cl and CH3CH(Cl)CH2OH. These compounds are treated with lime to give propylene oxide, which is useful in the production of plastics and other polymers.

Propylene oxide
Propylene oxide is an epoxide with the molecular formula C3H6O. This colourless volatile liquid with an odour similar to ether, is produced on a large scale industrially. Its major application is its use for the production of polyether polyols for use in making polyurethane plastics. It is a chiral epoxide, although it is commonly used as a racemic mixture.

This compound is sometimes called 1,2-propylene oxide to distinguish it from its isomer 1,3-propylene oxide, better known as oxetane.
Hairstyle
A hairstyle, hairdo, haircut, or coiffure refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head but sometimes on the face or body. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.

The oldest known depiction of hair styling is hair braiding, which dates back about 30,000 years. Women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways, though it was also frequently kept covered outside the home, especially for married women.

Hair spray
Hair spray (also hair lacquer or spritz) is a common cosmetic hairstyling product that is sprayed onto hair to protect against humidity and wind and have it stay in a desired shape.  Hair sprays typically consist of several components for the hair as well as a propellant.
Watkins Landrace Wheat Collection
The A E Watkins Landrace Wheat Collection is a collection of heritage (landrace) varieties of wheat from around the world which are adapted to their local growing environment, the collection was collected in the 1930s and contains materials from 32 countries.

The genetic diversity of the wheat in the collection is greater than found in modern varieties, and so this historical collection is being explored as a source of genetic diversity for key traits, such as disease resistance. The collection is now stored within the Germplasm Resources Unit at the John Innes Centre in Norwich.

JIC Germplasm Resources Unit
The Germplasm Resources Unit is part of the John Innes Centre. Located in the Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England, is a germplasm conservation unit and National Capability supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. This unit houses a number of internationally recognised reference- and working-collections for wheat, oats, barley and peas, which serves UK and non-UK based academic, industrial and non-industrial groups.
Joanna of Bavaria
Joanna of Bavaria (1356/1362 – 31 December 1386), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Queen of Germany from 1376 and Queen of Bohemia from 1378 until her death, by her marriage with the Luxembourg king Wenceslaus.

Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
Wenceslaus IV (also spelled Wenceslas Czech: Václav; German: Wenzel; nicknamed the Idle; also known as Wenceslaus of Luxembourg; 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419) was King of Bohemia from 1378 until his death and King of Germany from 1376 until he was deposed in 1400. As he belonged to the House of Luxembourg, he was also Duke of Luxembourg from 1383 to 1388.
Hofwijck
Hofwijck (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɔfʋɛik]; or Vitaulium in Latin) is a mansion built for 17th-century politician Constantijn Huygens. It is located in Voorburg on the Vliet canal from The Hague to Leiden. The formal address of the cultural heritage is 2 Westeinde, Voorburg, the Netherlands, but its location today is better known as the Voorburg railway station.

Voorburg
Voorburg (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvoːrbʏr(ə)x]) is a town and former municipality in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Together with the town Leidschendam and the village Stompwijk, it merged into the municipality of Leidschendam-Voorburg in 2002. Situated adjacent to the city of The Hague, it is often regarded as one of its suburbs.

Voorburg is considered to be one of the oldest towns in the Netherlands (being founded by the Romans as the town Forum Hadriani). It celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 1988.
Bainoceratops
Bainoceratops (meaning "mountain horned face", after the type locality, Bayn Dzak) is a genus of ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Campanian in the Late Cretaceous. The type species is B. efremovi. Its fossils were found in southern Mongolia in the Djadochta Formation.

Ceratopsia
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia (/ˌsɛrəˈtɒpsiə/ or /ˌsɛrəˈtoʊpiə/; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Asia and Europe, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Late Jurassic of Asia. The earliest known ceratopsian, Yinlong downsi, lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago. The last ceratopsian species, Triceratops prorsus, became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, 66 million years ago.

Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in "-ceratops", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a nomen dubium today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.
Penn State Shenango
Penn State Shenango is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University that is located in Sharon, Pennsylvania. Penn State Shenango is the only urban campus in the Penn State system, although some parts of Penn State Altoona that are located in the heart of Altoona's downtown are urban in nature. In May 2025, the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania State University announced the closure of seven of its twenty regional Commonwealth campuses after the Spring 2027 semester, including Penn State Shenango.

Sharon, Pennsylvania
Sharon is a city in western Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States.  The city, located along the banks of the Shenango River on the state border with Ohio, is about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Youngstown, about 65 miles (105 km) southeast of Cleveland and about 60 miles (97 km) northwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 13,147 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Hermitage micropolitan area.
Brigitte Macron
Brigitte Marie-Claude Macron (French: [bʁiʒit maʁi klod makʁɔ̃]; née Trogneux [tʁɔɲø], previously Auzière [ozjɛːʁ]; born 13 April 1953) is a French former teacher. She is the wife of Emmanuel Macron, who has served as President of France since 14 May 2017.

Lycée la Providence
Lycée la Providence is a private Catholic lycée, collège and technical college, located in Amiens, Hauts-de-France, in the Somme department of France. Founded and run by the Society of Jesus, the facility offers education from kindergarten through professional and technological training.
Midtown West (commercial development)
Midtown West is a 12-acre commercial development in West Midtown, Atlanta. It consists of historic warehouse space renovated for use as restaurants, other hospitality and offices. It includes the Brickworks building at the intersection of Howell Mill Rd. and Marietta St.

Tenants include the 5 Seasons Westside Brewpub, and three restaurants: Miller Union, Bocado and The Optimist. Former tenants include the Emily Amy Gallery which closed in 2013.

West Midtown
West Midtown, also known as Westside, is a colloquial area, comprising many historical neighborhoods located in Atlanta, Georgia. Once largely industrial, West Midtown is now the location of urban lofts, art galleries, live music venues, retail and restaurants.
Calcio Foggia 1920
Calcio Foggia 1920, commonly referred to as Foggia, is an Italian football club based in Foggia, Apulia. It currently plays in Serie C, the third division of the Italian championship.

Having last been in the top level Serie A in 1995, the team experienced the best periods in its history in the 1960s and 1970s, and also in the first half of the 1990s, playing four seasons in the top flight while coming close to qualifying for the UEFA Cup and gaining media exposure at European level for expressing fast and attacking football.

On 23 April 2017, the club regained promotion to Serie B after a 19-year absence, but folded again only two years later, to restart from Serie D in 2019 as Calcio Foggia.

Article 52 of NOIF
Art.52, Norme organizzative interne della FIGC ("Article 52 of the Italian Football Federation regulations for internal organisation") governs the status of phoenix clubs of football in Italy. The article was revised in 2004, 2008, 2010, and 2014. Many Commas, or paragraphs, are present throughout the document. Comma 1 describes the article's main points, while Comma 2 forbids to sell a club sport's rights.
SNCAC
SNCAC (the Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Centre, sometimes known as Aérocentre) was a French aircraft manufacturer. SNCAC was created by the nationalisation of the Farman Aviation Works and Hanriot firms in 1936.

The company had a manufacturing facility in Boulogne-Billancourt which was damaged by Allied bombing on 3 March 1942.

It was liquidated in 1949, with assets distributed between SNCAN, SNCASO, and SNECMA, all of which were nationalised firms.

Nord NC.850
The Nord NC.850 (originally produced as the Aérocentre NC.850) was a light aircraft developed in France in the late 1940s for use by French aeroclubs, but which also saw military use as an airborne observation post.
The Mask of Fu Manchu
The Mask of Fu Manchu  is a 1932 American pre-Code film directed by Charles Brabin. Written by Irene Kuhn, Edgar Allan Woolf and John Willard, it was based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Sax Rohmer. The film, featuring Boris Karloff as Fu Manchu and Myrna Loy as his daughter, revolves around Fu Manchu's quest for the golden sword and mask of Genghis Khan. Lewis Stone played his nemesis.

The film was made following Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's box office failure of Freaks (1932). Karloff, who was fresh off his role in Frankenstein (1931) for Universal, found the film did not have a completed script and was given his lines during and after his daily preparation in the makeup chair. Following a difficult production, it was a financial success for the studio despite generally negative reviews. On the film's theatrical re-release in 1972, the Japanese American Citizens League requested that the film be removed from circulation due to its negative portrayal of Asian people.

Fah Lo Suee
Fah Lo Suee (Chinese: 花露水; pinyin: Huā Lùshuǐ; Jyutping: faa1 lou6 seoi2) is a character who was introduced in the series of novels Dr. Fu Manchu by the English author Sax Rohmer (1883-1959). She is the daughter of Dr. Fu Manchu  and an unnamed Russian woman, sometimes shown as an ally, sometimes shown as a rival. The character featured in cinema and comic strips and comic books alongside her father, sometimes using another names, and she has also become an archetype of the Dragon Lady.
Borkung Hrangkhawl
Borkung Hrangkhawl (born October 7, 1987) also known as B.K., is a Tripuri rapper, singer and songwriter from Tripura. He won a VIMA Asia Award and is well known in Northeast India.
He is the son of Tripura politician, Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl.

Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl
Bijoy Kumar Hrangkhawl (born 25 January 1946) is the current president of The Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance or TIPRA. He was the leader of the Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (INPT), a political party based in the Indian state of Tripura.
Phool (magazine)
Phool (est. 1990) is a monthly magazine for children published by Nawa-i-Waqt group of publications owned by Majid Nizami Trust, from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is edited by Shoaib Mirza.

In 2010, Pakistan Prime Minister [Yusuf Raza Gilani] congratulated Phool on the completion of 20 years of publication, saying "It is a matter of satisfaction that the magazine is playing an important role to impart educating to the young generation besides providing them entertaining." In 2008, International Islamic University awarded Phool the "Best Children's Magazine" in a competition published in 'Tameer-e-Pakistan Number' organized by Dawah Academy and Department of Children Literature.

Nawa-i-waqt
Nawa-i-Waqt or Nawaiwaqt (Urdu: نوائے وقت; lit. 'The Voice of Time') is one of the largest circulating Urdu-language daily newspaper in Pakistan.

This newspaper is currently owned by 'Majid Nizami Trust'. It was founded by Hameed Nizami and launched under his leadership on 23 March 1940.

Hameed's younger brother Majid Nizami was the chief editor and publisher of Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications until he died in 2014 and then this group became the property of Majid Nizami Trust created by Majid Nizami himself in his lifetime.

In 2016, Rameeza (adopted daughter of Majid Nizami) and the biological daughter of Mian Arif and Ghazala Arif was elected as the Managing Director of Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications by the trustees of Majid Nizami Trust and she was also elected as the Senior Vice President of All Pakistan Newspapers Society (APNS).
WDKF
WDKF (99.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, United States. The station serves the Green Bay area simulcasting co-owned WNFL with a sports talk format as "99.7 & 101.9 WNFL".  The station is currently owned by Midwest Communications, with studios in Bellevue, and its main transmitter located near the town of Lincoln in Kewaunee County.

WKSZ
WKSZ (95.9 FM, "Kiss FM") is a contemporary hit radio station licensed to De Pere, Wisconsin, serving Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh and owned by Woodward Communications. WKSZ's studios are located on College Avenue in Appleton, while its transmitter is located near Shirley in the Town of Glenmore.
John Henry Towers
John Henry Towers CBE (January 30, 1885 – April 30, 1955) was a highly decorated United States Navy four-star admiral and pioneer naval aviator. He made important contributions to the technical and organizational development of naval aviation from its beginnings, eventually serving as Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics (1939–1942). He commanded carrier task forces during World War II, and retired in December 1947. He and Marc Mitscher were the only early Naval Aviation pioneers to survive the hazards of early flight to remain with naval aviation throughout their careers. Towers spent his last years supporting aeronautical research and advising the aviation industry.

Navy Cross
The Navy Cross is the United States naval services' second-highest military decoration awarded for sailors and marines who distinguish themselves for extraordinary heroism in combat with an armed enemy force. The medal is equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross of the United States Army, the Air Force Cross of the United States Air Force and Space Force, and the Coast Guard Cross of the United States Coast Guard; collectively, these awards are known as the "service crosses".

The Navy Cross is bestowed by the secretary of the Navy and may also be awarded to members of the other armed services, and to foreign military personnel while serving with the U.S. naval services. The Navy Cross was established by Act of Congress (Public Law 65-253) and approved on February 4, 1919.
3rd The King's Own Hussars
The 3rd (The King's Own) Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First and the Second World Wars, before being amalgamated with the 7th Queen's Own Hussars, to form the Queen's Own Hussars in November 1958.

Battle of Sobraon
The Battle of Sobraon was fought on 10 February 1846, between the forces of the East India Company and the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the declining Sikh Empire of the Punjab. The Sikhs were completely defeated, making this the decisive battle of the First Anglo-Sikh War.
Makokou
Makokou is the regional capital of the Ogooué-Ivindo province in Gabon.  Its coordinates are 0°34′N 12°52′E﻿ / ﻿0.567°N 12.867°E﻿ / 0.567; 12.867.  Its altitude is 308 m.  Its population in 2004 is around 16,600.

The city lies on the Ivindo River and the N4 road.  It grew around iron ore mining and lies near the Ivindo National Park.

Trans-Gabon Railway
1°37′21.92″S 13°29′21.56″E﻿ / ﻿1.6227556°S 13.4893222°E﻿ / -1.6227556; 13.4893222

The Trans-Gabon Railway (French: Transgabonais) is the only railway in Gabon.  It runs 670 km (420 mi) east from Owendo port station in Libreville to Franceville via numerous stations, the main ones being Ndjolé, Lopé, Booué, Lastoursville and Moanda.
Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum
Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum, also known as Muzey Grazhdanskoy Aviatsii or Museum of the History of Civil Aviation, is a public museum that displays Soviet aircraft which are retired from service, and exhibits over 4000 items. It is located next to the Ulyanovsk Baratayevka Airport in Ulyanovsk, Russia. The museum is owned by the Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation.

Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.

The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov.
Catharina
Catharina is a feminine given name, the Dutch and Swedish spelling of the name Catherine. In the Netherlands, people use a great number of short forms in daily life, including Carine, Catelijne, Cato, Ina, Ineke, Kaat, Kaatje, Karen, Karin, Katja, Katrien, Katrijn, Kitty, Nienke, Rina, Tineke, Tiny, Toos, Trijn, Trijntje, and many others. People with the name include:

Toos (given name)
Toos is a Dutch feminine given name (pronounced /toːs/). It is a hypocorism of either Catharina (via Cato) or Antonia. Tooske is a diminutive. In the United States it is among several variants of Antonia, including Toni, Tona, Tonia, Tonie, Tony and Tonya.
Teenage tragedy song
A teenage tragedy song is a style of sentimental ballad in popular music that peaked in popularity in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Lamenting teenage death scenarios in melodramatic fashion, these songs were variously sung from the viewpoint of the dead person's romantic interest, another witness to the tragedy, or the dead or dying person. Examples of the style are also known as "tear jerkers", "death discs" or "splatter platters", among other names coined by DJs that passed into the vernacular.

Notable examples of teenage tragedy songs include "Teen Angel" by Mark Dinning (1959), "Tell Laura I Love Her" by Ray Peterson (1960), "Ebony Eyes" by the Everly Brothers (1961),  "Last Kiss" by Wayne Cochran (1961), "Dead Man's Curve" by Jan and Dean (1964), "Leader of the Pack" by the Shangri-Las (1964). The genre's popularity faded around 1965 amid the British Invasion, but the form has inspired many similar songs and parodies since.

Ebony Eyes (John D. Loudermilk song)
"Ebony Eyes" is a song written by John D. Loudermilk, recorded in 1960 by The Everly Brothers, and released as a single in 1961 together with "Walk Right Back", which reached No. 8 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

The lyrics tell a young man's tragic story of losing his beloved fiancée in an airplane crash in dark, stormy weather conditions, which remind him of his fiancée's "ebony eyes". Thematically, it was part of a wave of teenage tragedy hit songs during the late 1950s and 1960s.

The single, a double A-side in the UK, reached No.1 in the UK Singles Chart on 2 March 1961 for 3 weeks and was the ninth best-selling single of the calendar year 1961 in the U.K. "Ebony Eyes" was initially banned by the BBC from airplay in the U.K. as its lyrics were considered too upsetting to play on the radio.