hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Utterby
Utterby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A16 road, 10 miles (16 km) south from Grimsby and 4 miles (6 km) north from Louth.

Utterby railway station (or Utterby Halt), on the line between Grimsby and Louth, closed in 1961.
Near to the Village is the site of a former Gilbertine priory.  It is believed that the monks of this priory built the village's Packhorse bridge in the 14th century.

The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Utterby.

A16 road (England)
The A16 road is a principal road of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands region of England, connecting the port of Grimsby and Peterborough, where it meets the A1175, A47 & A1139 then on to the A1 and the A605; the latter, in turn, giving a through route to Northampton and the west, and south west of England. Its length is 78 miles (126 km). The road was "de-trunked", with responsibility largely returned to Lincolnshire County Council from the Highways Agency in 2002.
Ainu cuisine
Ainu cuisine is the cuisine of the ethnic Ainu in Japan and Russia.  The cuisine differs markedly from that of the majority Yamato people of Japan.  Raw meat like sashimi, for example, is rarely served in Ainu cuisine, which instead uses methods such as boiling, roasting and curing to prepare meat. Also unlike Japanese cuisine, traditional Ainu cuisine did not use miso, soy sauce, or sugar, though these seasonings make an appearance in modern Ainu cuisine.: 30   The island of Hokkaidō in northern Japan is where most Ainu live today; however, they once inhabited most of the Kuril Islands, the southern half of Sakhalin island, and parts of northern Honshū Island.

There are very few Ainu restaurants in the world, though some do exist. Examples of Ainu restaurants include Haru Koro (Harukor) in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Ashiri Kotan Nakanoshima in Sapporo, and Poron'no and Marukibune in Akan, Hokkaidō.

Cardiocrinum cordatum
Cardiocrinum cordatum, known as turep in the Ainu languages, is a Northeast Asian species of plant in the lily family. It is native to Japan and to certain Russian islands in the Sea of Okhotsk (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands).

Because of its large, showy flowers, Cardiocrinum cordatum is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental in regions outside its native range, though not as frequently as the related C. giganteum.

The Ainu, a group indigenous to Hokkaido, harvested the bulbs. Starch was extracted and used to create a form of dumpling, a staple of Ainu cuisine.

The plant has reportedly become naturalized in the State of Maryland, in the eastern United States.
Đặng Thị Huệ
Đặng Thị Huệ (died 1784), was the favorite consort of Trịnh Sâm. She acted as a regent for one month after Trịnh Sâm died in 1782. According to histories she used to pick tea-leaves, but gained favour with Trịnh Sâm and was made senior concubine with the title Tuyên phi or Consort Tuyên, the highest rank of the Lord's wife.

Trịnh Sâm
Trịnh Sâm (Vietnamese: 鄭森, 9 February 1739 – 13 September 1782) ruled northern Vietnam from 1767 to 1782 AD. He ruled with the title "Tĩnh Đô Vương" (Vietnamese: 靖都王, lit. 'Viceroy Tinh Do') and was one of the last of the powerful Trịnh lords. Trịnh Sâm defeated the ancient enemy of the northern state, the Nguyễn lords in the south. The Trịnh line was separate from the royal Lê dynasty, and the officially recognized emperor was Lê Hiển Tông (1740–1786), who continued to occupy the royal throne in Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi), but without real power.
Harmonic wavelet transform
In the mathematics of signal processing, the harmonic wavelet transform, introduced by David Edward Newland in 1993, is a wavelet-based linear transformation of a given function into a time-frequency representation.  It combines advantages of the short-time Fourier transform and the continuous wavelet transform. It can be expressed in terms of repeated Fourier transforms, and its discrete analogue can be computed efficiently using a fast Fourier transform algorithm.

Time–frequency representation
A time–frequency representation (TFR) is a view of a signal (taken to be a function of time) represented over both time and frequency. Time–frequency analysis means analysis into the time–frequency domain provided by a TFR. This is achieved by using a formulation often called "Time–Frequency Distribution", abbreviated as TFD.

TFRs are often complex-valued fields over time and frequency, where the modulus of the field represents either amplitude or "energy density" (the concentration of the root mean square over time and frequency), and the argument of the field represents phase.
Ralph C. Mahar Regional High School
Ralph C. Mahar Regional High School is located on South Main Street in Orange, Massachusetts, United States. The public school serves students in grades 7–12 in the four towns of New Salem, Orange and Wendell in Franklin County, and  Petersham in Worcester County. The school is ranked 256th within the state of Massachusetts.

Known for its strong rivalry with Athol High School, the Thanksgiving Day football game is a cherished tradition at Mahar.

Orange, Massachusetts
Orange is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,569 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Part of the town is included in the census-designated place of Orange.
Jacksonville University
Jacksonville University (JU) is a private university in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. Located in the city's Arlington district, the school was founded in 1934 as a two-year college and was known as Jacksonville Junior College until September 5, 1956, when it shifted focus to building four-year university degree programs and later graduated its first four-year degree candidates as Jacksonville University in June 1959.

The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). JU's student body currently represents more than 40 U.S. states and approximately 45 countries around the world. As a Division I institution, it fields 18 varsity athletics teams, known as the JU Dolphins, as well as intramural sports and clubs. Among the top majors declared by JU students are aviation management, biology, nursing, business, and marine science.

Atlantic Sun Conference
The Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN) is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States, competing at the NCAA Division I level. Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference (TAAC) in 1978, it was renamed as the Atlantic Sun Conference in 2001, and briefly rebranded as the ASUN Conference from 2016 to 2023. The conference still uses "ASUN" as an official abbreviation. The conference headquarters are located in Jacksonville.
Rutherford High School (New Jersey)
Rutherford High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Rutherford, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, operating as part of the Rutherford School District. The original structure was built in 1922 and expanded in 1938, 1957 and 2005. Rutherford High School is overseen by the New Jersey Department of Education and has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 1940.

As of the 2024–25 school year, the school had an enrollment of 727 students and 68.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.6:1. There were 21 students (2.9% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 8 (1.1% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.

Rutherford, New Jersey
Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 18,834, an increase of 773 (+4.3%) from the 2010 census count of 18,061, which in turn reflected a decline of 49 (−0.3%) from the 18,110 counted in the 2000 census.

Rutherford was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 21, 1881, from portions of Union Township, based on the results of a referendum held on the previous day. The borough was named for John Rutherfurd, a U.S. Senator who owned land in the area.

Rutherford has been called the "Borough of Trees" and "The First Borough of Bergen County", and is known as well for its pedestrian-focused downtown area adjacent to the borough's Bergen County Line (New Jersey Transit) railway station.
Lian the Great
Lian or Lien the Great (Chinese: 大廉; pinyin: Dàlián; lit. 'the Great and Honest') was a figure in Chinese mythology. In the Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian's account of the origins of the House of Ying states that he was one of Fei the Great's two sons, along with Ruomu. He is said to be the great-great-grandfather of Mengxi and Zhongyan. His descendants ruled the State of Huang.

Bo Yi (legendary leader)
Yi (Chinese: 益; pinyin: Yì; fl. 2nd millennium BCE) was a tribal leader of Longshan culture and a culture hero in Chinese mythology who helped Shun and Yu the Great control the Great Flood; he served afterwards as a government minister and a successor as ruler of the empire. Yi is also credited with the invention of digging wells (although Shennong is also credited with this). He was the ancestor of the ruling houses of the Zhao, Qin, Xu and Liang states.
Tufsingdalen Church
Tufsingdalen Church (Norwegian: Tufsingdalen kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tufsingdal. It is one of the churches for the Narbuvoll parish which is part of the Nord-Østerdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1920 using plans drawn up by the architect Peder Sæther. The church seats about 120 people.

Tufsingdalen
Tufsingdalen or Tufsingdal is a village area and valley in Os Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village area is located along the river Tufsinga which flows through the Tufsingdalen valley. It lies in the southeastern part of the municipality, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of the village of Os i Østerdalen and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the large lake Femunden.

There are about 170 residents in the valley. Tufsingdalen Church is located in the valley.
Ards F.C.
Ards Football Club is a semi-professional, Northern Irish football club playing in NIFL Championship. The club is based in Newtownards, but plays its home matches at Clandeboye Park in Bangor, which it rents from rivals Bangor to play home games.  The club colours are red and blue.

Cliftonville F.C.
Cliftonville Football & Athletic Club is a semi-professional association football club playing in the NIFL Premiership – the top division of the Northern Ireland Football League. The club was founded on September 20 1879 by John McAlery in the suburb of Cliftonville in north Belfast and are the founders of football in Ireland.

It is the oldest football club in Ireland and celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2019. Since 1890, the club has played home matches at Solitude. Cliftonville contests the North Belfast derby with nearby rivals Crusaders, and also has local rivalries with Linfield and Glentoran. They have the distinction of never being relegated, along with the Big Two.

The club has won the league title five times outright including one shared title, the Irish Cup nine times and the Northern Ireland Football League Cup six times.
Hopkins, South Carolina
Hopkins is a census-designated place (CDP) in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. It was founded circa 1836 and named after John Hopkins (1739–1775). It is located 11 miles (18 km) southeast of downtown Columbia and is part of the Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of the Hopkins CDP was 2,882.

Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.
Ali Diab
Ali Diab (Arabic: عَلِيّ دِيَاب; born 23 May 1982) is a Syrian former professional association footballer who played as a centre back. With 97 appearances he is the second most-capped player on the Syria national team.

2009 Nehru Cup
The 2009 Nehru Cup International Football Tournament also known as the ONGC Nehru Cup due to the competition's sponsorship by ONGC, was the 14th edition of the Nehru Cup a friendly tournament organized by the All India Football Federation (AIFF).

The 14th edition of the Nehru Cup International Football Tournament was played in the round-robin league format and the final was held on 31 August. Along with the host nation India, Sri Lanka, Lebanon, Syria and Kyrgyzstan competed in the 15-day tournament at the Ambedkar Stadium in New Delhi .

The total prize money for this tournament was $100,000. The champion team took away a prize of $40,000, the runners-up received $20,000 while the third place team got $10,000.  The Man of the Match received $500 and the winning team of every match received $2000.

All games of the tournament was broadcast live by Zee Sports.
Langley, South Carolina
Langley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Aiken County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,447 at the 2010 census. It is bordered by Gloverville to the northeast and Burnettown to the west.

Langley is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area. Langley is located in historic Horse Creek Valley. It sits next to the Langley pond.

Aiken County, South Carolina
Aiken County (/ˈeɪkən/) is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 168,808. Its county seat and largest community is Aiken. Aiken County is a part of the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is mostly in the Sandhills region, with the northern parts reaching in the Piedmont and southern parts reaching into the Coastal Plain.
Tampa Bay Times
The Tampa Bay Times, called the St. Petersburg Times until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It is published by the Times Publishing Company, which is owned by The Poynter Institute for Media Studies, a nonprofit journalism school directly adjacent to the University of South Florida St. Petersburg campus.

It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single year for the first time in its history, one of which was for its PolitiFact project.

Clearwater, Florida
Clearwater is a city in and the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States, west of Tampa and north of St. Petersburg. To the west of Clearwater lies the Gulf of Mexico and to the southeast lies Tampa Bay. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 117,292. It is the smallest of the three principal cities in the Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater metropolitan area, most commonly referred to as the Tampa Bay area.

Clearwater Beach is part of the city of Clearwater, but is separated from it by the Intracoastal Waterway. Cleveland Street is one of the city's historic avenues, and the city includes BayCare Ballpark and Coachman Park.

The Church of Scientology owns the majority of property in the Clearwater downtown core district.
Electrical and Allied Workers' Trade Union of South Africa
The Electrical and Allied Workers' Trade Union of South Africa (EAWTUSA) was a trade union representing electricians in South Africa.

The union was established in 1987, when the Electrical and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa, representing black workers, merged with the Electrical and Allied Trade Union of South Africa, representing "coloured" workers.  The South African Electrical Workers' Association, representing white workers, also took part in the negotiations, but some of its members were strongly opposed to a merger, and it did not join.  The union affiliated to the National Council of Trade Unions.

The new union took part in numerous strikes, including major actions at Plessey and National Panasonic.  In May 1989, the union merged with the Electronic and Electrical Workers' Union, the Engineering and Allied Workers' Union and the United Automobile and Motor Workers' Union, to form the Metal and Electrical Workers' Union of South Africa.

Metal and Electrical Workers' Union of South Africa
The Metal and Electrical Workers' Union of South Africa (MEWUSA) is a trade union representing workers in engineering and related trades in South Africa.

The union was founded in May 1989, when the Electrical and Allied Workers' Trade Union of South Africa merged with the Electronic and Electrical Workers' Union, the Engineering and Allied Workers' Union and the United Automobile and Motor Workers' Union.  Like its predecessors, it affiliated to the National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU).  On formation, it had 70,000 members, making it NACTU's largest affiliate.

By 2011, the union's membership had declined to about 34,000.  The union is also affiliated to the International Metalworkers' Federation.
Arabinoxylan
Arabinoxylan is a form of the hemicellulose xylan found in both the primary and secondary cell walls of plants which in addition to xylose contains substantial amounts of another pentose sugar, arabinose. The term arabinoxylan usually refers to feruloyl-arabinoxylan from grasses and other commelinids containing moieties of the phenolic ferulic acid  that can undergo oxidative coupling (in the same way as lignin units) forming crosslinks between arabinoxylan chains and with lignin. Whilst arabinose has been found linked to xylan in non-commelinid plants, ferulic acid has not been reported on these and unlike feruloyl-arabinoxylan these arabinoxylans are not monophyletic. The remainder of this article refers to feruloyl-arabinoxylan from cell walls of grasses and other commelinid species.

Xylan
Xylan (/ˈzaɪlæn/; /ˈzaɪlən/) (CAS number: 9014-63-5) is a type of hemicellulose, a polysaccharide consisting mainly of xylose residues. It is found  in plants, in the secondary cell walls of dicots and all cell walls of grasses. Xylan is considered to be the second most abundant plant biopolymer, and the third most abundant polysaccharide on Earth after cellulose and chitin.
John Garth (author)
John Garth  is a British journalist and author, known especially for writings about J. R. R. Tolkien including his biography Tolkien and the Great War and a book on the places that inspired Middle-earth, The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien. He won a 2004 Mythopoeic Award for Scholarship for his work on Tolkien. The biography influenced much Tolkien scholarship in the subsequent decades.

J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia
The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment, edited by Michael D. C. Drout, was published by Routledge in 2006. A team of 127 Tolkien scholars on 720 pages cover topics of Tolkien's fiction, his academic works, his intellectual and spiritual influences, and his biography. Co-editors were Douglas A. Anderson, Verlyn Flieger (both Drout's co-editors also of Tolkien Studies), Marjorie Burns and Tom Shippey.

The development of the encyclopedia was interrupted by Taylor & Francis's takeover of Routledge. All the images and redirection entries (like "Balrog: see Monsters") were dropped, making the work less accessible than it could have been. Further, the editing process was severely curtailed, leaving many imperfections in the text. Reviewers noted the uneven handling of topics: some essays were excellent, while others were sketchy.
Cockscomb Buttress
Cockscomb Buttress (60°37′S 45°42′W﻿ / ﻿60.617°S 45.700°W﻿ / -60.617; -45.700) is a prominent, isolated rock buttress rising to 465 metres (1,530 ft), standing 1 nautical mile (2 km) northwest of Echo Mountain and overlooking the east side of Norway Bight on the south coast of Coronation Island, in the South Orkney Islands. The name, which is descriptive, was given by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey  following their survey of 1950.

Coronation Island
Coronation Island is the largest of the South Orkney Islands, 25 nautical miles (46 km) long and from 3 to 8 nautical miles (5.6 to 14.8 km) wide. The island extends in a general east–west direction, is mainly ice-covered and comprises numerous bays, glaciers and peaks, the highest rising to 1,265 metres (4,150 ft).
Coteaux Champenois AOC
Coteaux Champenois (French pronunciation: [kɔto ʃɑ̃pənwa]) is a wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the Champagne province of France. It covers the same area as sparkling Champagne production, but covers only still wines. The grapes are the same as those allowed for sparkling Champagne: Pinot noir and Pinot Meunier for red wines, and Chardonnay for whites. Rosé wines are made very rarely, but there is also a rosé AOC in the Champagne region, Rosé des Riceys. Production is small, especially in vintages where yields are low, given the high demand for Champagne and the higher profit of producing sparkling wine.

Champagne
Champagne (/ʃæmpeɪn/; French: [ʃɑ̃paɲ] ⓘ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, which demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation.

The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well.

Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class.
Skaistkalne
Skaistkalne (formerly Šēnberga, German: Schönberg, Yiddish: שימבורג, romanized: Shimberg) is a village in Skaistkalne Parish, Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is the centre of Skaistkalne Parish.

Skaistkalne Parish
Skaistkalne Parish (Latvian: Skaistkalnes pagasts) is an administrative unit of Bauska Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Prior to the 2009 administrative reforms it was part of Bauska district.