hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Differentiator
In electronics, a differentiator is a circuit that outputs a signal approximately proportional to the rate of change (i.e. the derivative with respect to time) of its input signal. Because the derivative of a sinusoid is another sinusoid whose amplitude is multiplied by its frequency, a true differentiator that works across all frequencies can't be realized (as its gain would have to increase indefinitely as frequency increase). Real circuits such as a 1st-order high-pass filter are able to approximate differentiation at lower frequencies by limiting the gain above its cutoff frequency. An active differentiator includes an amplifier, while a passive differentiator is made only of resistors, capacitors and inductors.

High-pass filter
A high-pass filter (HPF) is an electronic filter that passes signals with a frequency higher than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency. The amount of attenuation for each frequency depends on the filter design.  A high-pass filter is usually modeled as a linear time-invariant system. It is sometimes called a low-cut filter or bass-cut filter in the context of audio engineering. High-pass filters have many uses, such as blocking DC from circuitry sensitive to non-zero average voltages or radio frequency devices. They can also be used in conjunction with a low-pass filter to produce a band-pass filter.

In the optical domain filters are often characterised by wavelength rather than frequency. High-pass and low-pass have the opposite meanings, with a "high-pass" filter (more commonly "short-pass") passing only shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), and vice versa for "low-pass" (more commonly "long-pass").
Luscar Group
The Luscar Group is a geologic unit of Early Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in the foothills of southwestern Alberta. It is subdivided into a series of formations, some of which contain economically significant coal deposits that have been mined near Cadomin and Luscar. Coal mining in those areas began in the early 1900s and continues near Luscar as of 2016.

Blairmore Group
The Blairmore Group, originally named the Blairmore Formation, is a geologic unit of Early Cretaceous age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that is present in southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It is subdivided into four formations: Cadomin Formation, Gladstone, Beaver Mines and Ma Butte, all of which are defined by type sections, most of which contain plant fossils. In some areas the Blairmore contains significant reservoirs of natural gas.
Gioseffo Vitali
Gioseffo Vitali (active 1700) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period. He was born in Bologna. He trained under Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole. In Bologna, he painted an Annunciation for the church of Sant' Antonio; a S. Petronio  for SS. Sebastiano e Rocco; and a Martyrdom of St. Cecilia in the church of that saint.

Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole
Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole (10 December 1654 – 22 July 1719) was an Italian painter and engraver from Bologna, active in the late-Baroque period. Upon the death of Carlo Cignani, Gioseffo dal Sole became among the most prominent painters in Bologna, described as the Guido Moderno.
John Morris Russell
John Morris Russell, also known as JMR, is an American orchestral conductor best known for his association with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Hilton Head Symphony Orchestra.

Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra
The Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra located in Buffalo, New York led by Music Director JoAnn Falletta. Its primary performing venue is Kleinhans Music Hall, which is a National Historic Landmark. Each season it presents over 120 classical series, pops, rock, youth, and family concerts. During the summer months, the orchestra performs at parks and outdoor venues across Western New York.
Dick Smith (businessman)
Richard Harold Smith AC FRSA (born 18 March 1944) is an Australian entrepreneur and aviator. He is the founder of Dick Smith Electronics, Australian Geographic and Dick Smith Foods. Smith has had a long interest in aviation and holds a number of world records in the field. A major philanthropist, he supports a number of charities and conservation efforts.

In 2015, he was awarded the Companion of the Order of Australia. He is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.

Dick Smith (retailer)
Dick Smith Electronics Holdings Limited was an Australian chain of retail stores that sold consumer electronics goods, hobbyist electronic components, and electronic project kits. The chain expanded successfully into New Zealand and unsuccessfully into several other countries. The company was founded in Sydney in 1968 by Dick Smith and owned by him and his wife until they sold 60% to Woolworths in 1980, and the remaining 40% two years later.

In 2012, Dick Smith had 263 stores around Australia. It also had 62 stores around New Zealand, including 20 in Auckland.

The company closed all of its stores in 2016, four years after its acquisition by Anchorage Capital Partners, though the Dick Smith brand name continues as an online brand operated by Kogan.com.
Unit doublet
In mathematics, the unit doublet is a generalized function, the derivative of the Dirac delta function.  It can be used to differentiate signals in electrical engineering: If u1 is the unit doublet, then

where  is the convolution operator.

The function is zero for all values except zero, where its behaviour is interesting. Its integral over any interval enclosing zero is zero. However, the integral of its absolute value over any region enclosing zero goes to infinity. The function can be thought of as the limiting case of two rectangles, one in the second quadrant, and the other in the fourth. The width of each rectangle is k, whereas the height of each is 1/k2, in the limit as k approaches zero.

Dirac delta function
In mathematical analysis, the Dirac delta function (or  distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real numbers, whose value is zero everywhere except at zero, and whose integral over the entire real line is equal to one. Thus it can be represented heuristically as

such that

Since there is no function having this property, modelling the delta "function" rigorously involves the use of limits or, as is common in mathematics, measure theory and the theory of distributions.

The delta function is named after physicist Paul Dirac, and has been applied routinely in physics and engineering to model point masses and concentrated loads. It is called the delta function because it is a continuous analogue of the Kronecker delta function. The mathematical rigor of the delta function was disputed until Laurent Schwartz developed the theory of distributions, where it is defined as a linear form acting on functions.
Master of My Make-Believe
Master of My Make-Believe is the second studio album by American musician and singer Santigold, released in the United Kingdom on April 24, 2012, and in the United States on May 1, through Downtown and Atlantic Records. The album features contributions from a wide range of musicians, including long-time collaborators John Hill, Switch and Diplo, as well as Dave Sitek of TV on the Radio and Karen O of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs. The cover art of the album, designed by Jason Schmidt, represents four incarnations of Santigold. The album received positive reviews from music critics, and earned Santigold her first number one on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart, and reached number 21 on the US Billboard 200 and number 33 on the UK Albums Chart.

Karen O
Karen Lee Orzolek (born November 22, 1978) is an American musician who is the lead vocalist of the indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs. She was a key artist of the 2000s garage rock and post-punk revivals, noted for her energetic performances and eccentric fashion. In her solo career, Karen O has released two albums, collaborated with numerous artists and composed for several film and television soundtracks.

Karen O's accolades with Yeah Yeah Yeahs include nominations for five Grammy Awards. Her solo work has netted her nominations for three additional Grammys, an Academy Award, three Critics' Choice Awards and a Golden Globe Award. She appeared on NME's Cool List in 2002, 2003, and 2006. Rolling Stone ranked her among the "200 Greatest Singers of All Time" in 2023.
Saawan Kumar Tak
Saawan Kumar Tak (9 August 1936 – 25 August 2022) was an Indian film director, producer, and lyricist. He directed many Hindi films, including successful films like Saajan Bina Suhagan, Souten, Souten Ki Beti, Sanam Bewafa, Bewaffa Se Waffa. He is credited with giving break to actors such as Sanjeev Kumar and Mehmood Junior. His most famous directorial venture was Rajesh Khanna starrer Souten, which was the first Indian film to be shot in Mauritius and was a platinum jubilee hit.

Saajan Bina Suhagan
Saajan Bina Suhagan (transl. A bride without a bridegroom) is a 1978 Indian Hindi-language drama film produced and directed by Saawan Kumar Tak. The film stars Rajendra Kumar, Nutan, Vinod Mehra, Padmini Kohlapure and Shreeram Lagoo, the film's music is by Usha Khanna. It has a popular song "Madhuban Khushboo Deta Hai" sung by Yesudas, Anuradha Paudwal and Hemlata. The film was remade in Tamil as Mangala Nayagi in 1980 and remade in Malayalam as Oru Kochukatha Aarum Parayathe Katha in 1984. Film and music expert Rajesh Subramanian reveals that Sawan Kumar Tak wanted Mohammed Rafi to render Madhuban khushboo deta hai but to the legendary  singers date issues  composer Usha Khanna was compelled to record the song in the voice of  Yesudas.
Jabez Leftwich
Jabez Leftwich (September 22, 1765 – June 22, 1855) was an American politician, planter and military officer who represented Virginia's 14th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives between 1821 and 1825, as well as served in the Virginia House of Delegates representing Bedford County, and finally represented  Madison County, Alabama in the Alabama House of Representatives after moving to that new state.

Joel Leftwich
Joel Leftwich  (November 22, 1760 – April 20, 1846) was an American planter and politician, who also served as brigadier general of the Virginia militia in the War of 1812 and twice represented Bedford County in the Virginia House of Delegates.
New York Americans
The New York Americans, colloquially known as the Amerks, were a professional ice hockey team based in New York City from 1925 to 1942. They were the third expansion team in the history of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the second to play in the United States. The team never won the Stanley Cup, but reached the semifinals twice. While it was the first team in New York City, it was eclipsed by the second, the New York Rangers, which arrived in 1926 under the ownership of the Amerks' landlord, Madison Square Garden. The team played as the Brooklyn Americans during the 1941–42 season before suspending operations in 1942 due to World War II and long-standing financial difficulties. The demise of the club marked the beginning of the NHL's Original Six era from 1942 to 1967, though the Amerks' franchise was not formally canceled until 1946. The team's overall regular season record was 255–402–127.

1941–42 NHL season
The 1941–42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League. Seven teams played 48 games each. The New York Americans rebranded as the Brooklyn Americans. The Toronto Maple Leafs won the Stanley Cup defeating the Detroit Red Wings, winning four straight after losing the first three in a best-of-seven series, a feat only repeated to date three times in NHL history (1975, 2010, 2014) and once in Major League Baseball (2004). However the '41–42 Leafs were the only ones to achieve the feat in a championship final series.
Laubegast Niederpoyritz Ferry
The Laubegast Niederpoyritz Ferry is a passenger ferry across the Elbe river in Germany. It crosses between the districts of Laubegast and Niederpoyritz in the city of Dresden.

The ferry service is operated by the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB), Dresden's municipal transport authority, running every 10 to 15 minutes throughout the day. The service is normally maintained by Caroline, one of the DVB's fleet of five passenger ferries, but other vessels may substitute if necessary. The Caroline can carry up to 75 passengers and is painted in the DVB's yellow and white livery.

Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe
Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe AG (DVB) is the municipal transport company of the city of Dresden in Germany. It is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe transport association that manages a common public transport structure for Dresden and its surrounding areas. The DVB operates the Dresden tram network comprising 12 tram lines, with a total line length of approximately 210 kilometres (130.5 mi) and a total route length of 132.7 kilometres (82.5 mi) (as of 2008), and 28 bus lines, with a total line length of approximately 306 kilometres (190.1 mi). It is also responsible for two funicular railways and three ferries across the River Elbe.

The DVB network carries some 142 million passenger journeys each year. In 2007, it generated €96.5m of revenue, covering 76% of costs.
So Much (for) Stardust
So Much (for) Stardust is the eighth studio album by American rock band Fall Out Boy. It was released on March 24, 2023, on Fueled by Ramen, Elektra Records and DCD2. It is their first album in five years, following the release of Mania (2018).

The album reunites the band with producer Neal Avron, who last produced Folie à Deux (2008), and also marks the band's return to their original record label Fueled by Ramen, who released their debut album Take This to Your Grave (2003). The album saw a return to a more guitar-oriented pop rock and pop-punk sound, comparable to their 2008 album Folie à Deux, with disco, soul, funk, spoken word, and orchestral elements.

The lead single from the album, "Love from the Other Side", was released on January 18, 2023, alongside the official announcement of the album. The second single, "Heartbreak Feels So Good", was released on January 25, 2023. The album received positive reviews from critics.

Heartbreak Feels So Good
"Heartbreak Feels So Good" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released on January 25, 2023, through Fueled by Ramen and DCD2. It was released as the second single from the band's eighth studio album, So Much (for) Stardust.
Gaighat, Nepal
Gaighat (Nepali: गाइघाट) is an administrative centre within Triyuga Municipality and the headquarter of Udayapur District located in Koshi Province of Nepal. Gaighat is divided into 2 wards called Gaighat Bazar and Old Gaighat. The Gaighat (Gaighat Bazar) is located in Ward No. 11 and Old Gaighat is in Ward No. 12 of Triyuga Municipality. Total area of two wards is 16.11 square kilometres (6.22 sq mi) and total population is 14,243 with 2832 households.

Udayapur District
Udayapur District (Nepali: उदयपुर जिल्लाListenⓘ, is one of the 14 districts of Koshi Province in eastern Nepal. The district, with Triyuga as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,063 km2 (797 sq mi) and in 2001 had a population of 287,689, in 2011 of 317,532, in 2021 of 342,773

Rivers and hills form natural borders for Udayapur District. The Koshi River to the east separates it from Sunsari District and the Sun Kosi River to the north separates it from Bhojpur and Khotang Districts. The Tawa Khola separates it from Sindhuli District to the west and the Siwalik foothills to the south separate it from the outer Tarai of Siraha and Saptari. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve lies to the east in Udayapur, Sunsari and Saptari Districts.

According to the former administrative divisions of Nepal, Udayapur falls in Eastern Development Region in Sagarmatha Zone.
Earl G. Graves Sr.
Earl Gilbert Graves Sr. (January 9, 1935 – April 6, 2020) was an American entrepreneur, publisher, businessman, philanthropist, and advocate of African-American businesses. A graduate of Morgan State University, he was the founder of Black Enterprise magazine and chairman of the media company Earl G. Graves, Ltd. He was the director for Aetna and Executive Board member of the Boy Scouts of America. He was the father of Earl G. Graves Jr.

Morgan State University
Morgan State University (Morgan State or MSU) is a public historically black research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is the third largest among all Historically Black Colleges or Universities (HBCUs). In 1890, the university, then known as the Centenary Biblical Institute, changed its name to honor Lyttleton Morgan, the first chairman of its board of trustees and a donor. It became a university in 1975.

Although a public institution, Morgan State is not a part of the University System of Maryland. It is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund. It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Essex Leila Hilary French
Essex Leila Hilary Eyres-Monsell, Viscountess Monsell (formerly Drury, née French; 26 September 1907 – March 1996) was an English socialite. She and her sister Valerie Violet French were known as the "French sisters" and included in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton.

Valerie French (socialite)
Violet Valerie Kindersley (13 February 1909 – 18 July 1997), née French, and known from 1931 to 1934 as Lady Brougham and Vaux, was a Natal-born English socialite. She and her sister Essex were known as the "French sisters" and included in The Book of Beauty by Cecil Beaton.
Harris Health System
The Harris Health System, previously the Harris County Hospital District (HCHD), is a governmental entity with taxing authority that owns and operates three hospitals and numerous clinics throughout Harris County, Texas, United States, including the city of Houston. The entity's administrative offices are in Bellaire, Texas.

Harris Health System is an integrated delivery system that provides healthcare services open to all residents of Harris County, Texas. It is the first accredited healthcare institution in Harris County to be designated as an NCQA Medical Home and one of the largest in the country.

Bellaire, Texas
Bellaire is a city in southwestern Harris County, Texas, United States, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Bellaire had a population of 17,202. It is surrounded by the cities of Houston and West University Place. Bellaire is known as the "City of Homes", owing to its mostly residential character; but it has offices along the I-610 Loop within the city limits.
Salwarpe
Salwarpe is a small village and civil parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England, less than two miles south west of Droitwich, but in open country. The name is also spelled Salwarp, and in the time of John Leland was recorded as Salop. Since 2003, Salwarpe has shared a parish council with Hindlip and Martin Hussingtree.

Hindlip
Hindlip or Hinlip is a village and civil parish 3 miles (4.8 km) north east of Worcester, in the Wychavon district, in the county of Worcestershire, England. In 2011 the parish had a population of 180. The parish touches Tibberton, Martin Hussingtree, Salwarpe, Oddingley, Warndon and North Claines.
Cayuse War
The Cayuse War (1847–1855) was an armed conflict between the Cayuse people of the Northwestern United States and settlers, backed by the U.S. government. The conflict was triggered by the Whitman massacre of 1847, where the Cayuse attacked a missionary outpost in response to a deadly measles epidemic that they believed was caused by Marcus Whitman. Over the next few years, the Provisional Government of Oregon and later the United States Army battled the Native Americans east of the Cascades. This was the first of several wars between the Native Americans and American settlers in that region that would lead to the negotiations between the United States and Native Americans of the Columbia Plateau, creating several Indian reservations.

Whitman Mission National Historic Site
Whitman Mission National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located just west of Walla Walla, Washington, at the site of the former Whitman Mission at Waiilatpu. On November 29, 1847, Dr. Marcus Whitman, his wife Narcissa Whitman, and 11 others were slain by Native Americans of the Cayuse. The site commemorates the Whitmans, their role in establishing the Oregon Trail, and the challenges encountered when two cultures meet.
Dilton Marsh
Dilton Marsh is a village and civil parish in the far west of the county of Wiltshire, in the southwest of England. The village is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of the centre of the town of Westbury; Dilton Marsh remains a distinct settlement with its own character and community, bounded and separated from Westbury  Leigh by the Biss Brook.

The parish includes the small settlements of Penknap (east of Dilton Marsh village); Penleigh (northeast); Stormore (now contiguous with the west of the village); Clearwood (a little further west); and the rural hamlets of Fairwood (north) and Hisomley (southwest).

Chapmanslade
Chapmanslade is a village and civil parish in the county of Wiltshire, in the southwest of England. The parish is on the county border with Somerset and includes the hamlets of Huntenhull Green, Short Street  and Thoulstone. The village lies about 3.5 miles (6 km) from each of three towns: southwest of Westbury, northwest of Warminster, and east of Frome (in Somerset).
Daniel Tupou
Daniel Tupou (born 17 June 1991) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays on the wing for the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has played for Tonga and Australia at international level.

Tupou has played for the City Origin, New South Wales in the State of Origin series and Prime Minister's XIII sides. He won the 2013, 2018 and 2019 NRL Grand Final with the Sydney Roosters.

2019 NRL Grand Final
The 2019 NRL Grand Final was the conclusive and premiership-deciding game of the 2019 National Rugby League season and was played at Sydney's ANZ Stadium. The match was contested between defending premiers the Sydney Roosters and the Canberra Raiders. The match was won by the Sydney Roosters 14–8 in a tight contest to claim their 15th premiership title, making them the first club in 26 years to win consecutive premierships in a unified competition since the Brisbane Broncos in 1993, and the first Sydney Roosters side to win consecutive titles since 1975. The Clive Churchill Medal was awarded to Raiders five-eighth Jack Wighton as the game's man of the match.

The game is one of the most controversial grand finals, infamous for a reversed "six again" decision by referee Ben Cummins which preceded the winning try.
Wadi Mujib
The Wadi Mujib (Arabic: وادي الموجب, romanized: Wādī al-Mūjib), is a river in Jordan. The river empties into the Dead Sea circa 420 metres (1,380 ft) below sea level.

In ancient times, the river served as the northern boundary of the kingdom of Moab.

Today, the Wadi Mujib is fed by seven tributaries. The western part of the river is the site of the Mujib Biosphere Reserve, popular for hikes and canyoning amid dramatic rock formations.

Mujib Biosphere Reserve
The Mujib Biosphere Reserve (Arabic:محمية الموجب للمحيط الحيوي) is a Jordanian nature reserve and one of the largest, located about 90 km from the city of Amman, along the Wadi Mujib, approximately 32 km north of the city of Al-Karak.