hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ten-star household
Ten-star household (Mandarin Chinese: 十星文明户; Hanyu Pinyin: Shíxīng Wénmíng Hù) is an activity initiated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, involving the awarding of the status of "ten-star household" to households in multiple regions of rural China since 2008. It is rewarded to rural households that exemplify the government's stated "Core Socialist Values" symbolically, through a standardized criterion of 10 requirements. Households are nominated by local villagers, and preliminary review and evaluation will be conducted by grassroots CCP organizations. The final decisions are then made by the villagers' committee.

Rural society in China
Rural society in the People's Republic of China encompasses less than half of China's population (roughly 45%) and has a varied range of standard of living and means of living. Life in rural China differs from that of urban China. In southern and coastal China, rural areas are developing and, in some cases, statistically approaching urban economies. In northwest and western regions, rural society is still perceived as lowly and primitive. Basic needs such as running water and accessible transportation are a problem in these areas.
Edmund Cooke (pirate)
Edmund Cooke (fl. 1673–1683, also named Edward / Edmond or Cook) was a merchant captain, buccaneer, and pirate. He is best known for sailing against the Spanish alongside Bartholomew Sharp, John Coxon, Basil Ringrose, Lionel Wafer, and other famous buccaneers. Cooke's flag was red-and-yellow striped and featured a hand holding a sword.

John Coxon (pirate)
Captain John Coxon, sometimes referred to as John Coxen, was a late-seventeenth-century buccaneer who terrorized the Spanish Main. Coxon was one of the most famous of the Brethren of the Coast, a loose consortium of pirates and privateers. Coxon lived during the Buccaneering Age of Piracy.

Coxon's ship, a vessel of eighty tons that carried eight guns and a crew of ninety-seven men, is lost to date, with no traces of its name anywhere.
Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame & Northwest Louisiana History Museum – Natchitoches
The Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame & Northwest Louisiana History Museum, located in Natchitoches, Louisiana, is a branch of the Louisiana State Museum.

The Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame is dedicated to the history of sports in Louisiana, including the achievements of over 300 Louisiana athletes, coaches and other sports figures.

The Northwest Louisiana History Museum examines the area's cultural traditions and history from early native-American civilizations to the present.

The museum opened in 2013 in a new facility located on Cane River Lake. Built for $23 million, the building was designed by the firm of Trahan Architects of New Orleans and features sinuous molded stone interiors and earth-colored exterior sheathing in order to evoke the river.

Louisiana State Museum
The Louisiana State Museum (LSM), founded in New Orleans in 1906, is a statewide system of National Historic Landmarks and modern structures across Louisiana, housing thousands of artifacts and works of art reflecting Louisiana's legacy of historic events and cultural diversity.
Nelson, New Zealand
Nelson (Māori: Whakatū) is a city and unitary authority on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay at the top of the South Island of New Zealand. It is the oldest city in the South Island and the second-oldest settled city in the country; it was established in 1841 and became a city by British royal charter in 1858.

Nelson City is bordered to the west and south-west by the Tasman District and to the north-east, east and south-east by the Marlborough District. The Nelson urban area has a population of 50,800, making it New Zealand's 15th most populous urban area.

Nelson is well known for its thriving local arts and crafts scene; each year, the city hosts events popular with locals and tourists alike, such as the Nelson Arts Festival.

The Wood, New Zealand
The Wood is a suburb of Nelson, New Zealand. It lies just to the north-east of the city centre and adjoins it.

The suburb incorporates Botanical Reserve, a section of Nelson's town belt that includes the trigonometrical geographic centre of New Zealand, Botanical Hill. The reserve borders the Botanical Gardens to the east and Branford Park to the west.

The suburb also has four other public reserves: Guppy Park, Neale Park, Peace Grove and Pepper Tree Park.
Deposed Queen Yun
Deposed Queen Yun of the Haman Yun clan (15 July 1455 – 29 August 1482) was the second wife of Yi Hyeol, King Seongjong and the mother of Yi Yung, Prince Yeonsan. She was Queen of Joseon from 1476 until her deposition in 1479. She was an 11th generation descendant of General Yun Kwan.

Originally a concubine of the King, she was elevated to queen rank after Han Song-yi's death. The ousting of the Queen in 1479, and her subsequent death by poison in 1482 became a source of recurrent political turmoil, culminating with the First literati purge organized in 1498 by Yeonsan in the 4th year of his reign.

Naemyŏngbu
Naemyŏngbu (Korean: 내명부; Hanja: 內命婦; RR: Naemyeongbu; lit. Women of the Internal Court), was a category of rank in the royal court of Joseon that referred to concubines and female officials living within the palaces. It was separate from the Oemyŏngbu (외명부; 外命婦; Oemyeongbu) category, which consisted of royal women living outside the palace.
Owens Lake
Owens Lake is a dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California. It is about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Lone Pine. Unlike most dry lakes in the Basin and Range Province that have been dry for thousands of years, Owens held significant water until 1913, when much of the Owens River was diverted into the Los Angeles Aqueduct, causing the lake to desiccate by 1926. In 2006, 5% of the water flow was restored. As of 2013, it is the largest single source of dust pollution in the United States, and has been known since at least the 1990s as a pervasive source of fine alkaline dust containing harmful levels of particulates and chemicals.

Trona
Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. Turkey is also a major producer.
Farrells
Farrells is an architecture and urban design firm founded by British architect and planner Sir Terry Farrell with offices in London, Manchester, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. The firm has won numerous awards for their characteristic mixed-use schemes, transit-oriented development, contextual urban placemaking, and cultural buildings.

Union Square (Hong Kong)
The Union Square is a mixed-use commercial and residential real estate project in Hong Kong, located on the West Kowloon reclamation in Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon. The area covers 13.54 hectares (33.5 acres), while the site has a gross floor area of 1,090,026 square metres (11,732,940 sq ft), approximately the size of the Canary Wharf development in London. The complex contained some of the tallest buildings in Hong Kong, which includes the tallest commercial building in Hong Kong, the 118-storey International Commerce Centre and the loftiest residential tower in Hong Kong, The Cullinan, which rises 270 metres (890 ft) high.
Mirditë District
Mirditë District (Albanian: Rrethi i Mirditës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 37,055 in 2001, and an area of 867 km2 (335 sq mi). It is in the north of the country, and its capital was the town of Rrëshen. The district was located within the wider region of Mirdita, whose territory is synonymous with the historic Albanian tribe of the same name. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Mirditë, which is part of Lezhë County.

Districts of Albania
Districts (Albanian: rrathë or rrathët) were first and second-level administrative divisions of Albania from 1913–2000. Their number, size, and status changed over time. From 1991 to 2000, the 36 districts were organized into 12 counties. Pursuant to the 1998 Constitution and Law No. 8653, the districts were abolished and replaced with the larger counties and smaller municipalities.
Reformed Political Party Youth
The Reformed Political Party Youth (Dutch: Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij-jongeren), officially abbreviated as SGPJ or SGP-jongeren, is the youth wing of the Dutch Reformed Political Party, an orthodox Calvinist political party.

The SGPJ is officially independent and established as Landelijk Verband van Staatkundig Gereformeerde Studieverenigingen (LVSGS) in 1934 in Rotterdam and is with over 12,000 members in 2011 the largest political youth organization of the Netherlands.

In 1987, women were allowed to become members and in 2007 a woman was elected for the first time to the board.

Reformed Political Party
The Reformed Political Party (Dutch: Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij [ˌstaːtˈkʏndə(x) xəˌreːfɔrˈmeːrdə pɑrˈtɛi], SGP) is a conservative Reformed Christian political party in the Netherlands. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands existing in its present form, and has been in opposition for its entire existence. Since 1925, it has won between 1.5% and 2.5% of the votes in general elections – invariably receiving 2–3 seats in the House of Representatives, making it the country's most stable political party in terms of representation. Owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, the party is considered a testimonial party. Since 2023 its leader has been Chris Stoffer.
Liberty Building (Montevideo)
Liberty Building (Spanish: Edificio Libertad) served as one of two executive office buildings of the President of Uruguay (the Estévez Palace being the other).

It was built in the 1970s during the military government for the Ministry of Defense, but in 1985, president Julio María Sanguinetti decided to move the presidential office to that building. Its surrounding area was turned into a park with a permanent exhibit of modern sculptures, which was inaugurated in 1996.

In 2006, President Tabaré Vázquez announced that he would be moving the presidential offices to the Executive Tower and turn the Liberty Building into a hospital. It is currently the headquarters of the State Health Services Administration.

Estévez Palace
The Estévez Palace (Spanish: Palacio Estévez, pronounced [paˈlasjo esˈteβes]) is a building located on Plaza Independencia in Montevideo, Uruguay. Completed in 1873, it served as the country’s seat of government from 1880 to 1985. It currently functions as the executive ceremonial headquarters, hosting State ceremonies and other official events, while the adjoining Executive Tower serves as the workplace of the President of the Republic.

Built in the neoclassical style by Edouard Manuel de Castel and converted into the seat of government by President Lorenzo Latorre, it was designated a National Historic Monument in 1975. In 1999, a museum was established within the building, displaying artifacts and mementos pertaining to the Uruguayan presidency and its office holders.
Musicians Club of New York
The Musicians Club of New York is a musicians' club based in New York City. It was founded in 1911 with the intent of providing a social platform for musicians in and around New York, but its mission later expanded to support and promote young musicians through prizes and scholarships, as well as provide recognition for contemporary composers. From 1979 it administered the Koussevitzky International Recording Award (KIRA), and since 1956 has presented the Young Artist Awards, now known as the Serge and Olga Koussevitzky Young Artist Awards.

Serge Koussevitzky
Serge Koussevitzky (born Sergey Aleksandrovich Kusevitsky; Russian: Сергей Александрович Кусевицкий, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ kʊsʲɪˈvʲitskʲɪj];  26 July [O.S. 14 July] 1874 – 4 June 1951) was a Russian and American conductor, composer, and double-bassist, known for his long tenure as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1924 to 1949.
Babushkinsky constituency
The Babushkinsky constituency (No.196) is a Russian legislative constituency in Moscow. The constituency covers residential areas in North-Eastern Moscow and partly in Eastern Moscow.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Timofey Bazhenov, TV presenter and journalist, who won the open seat, succeeding one-term United Russia incumbent Ivan Teterin.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Colleen Barrett
Colleen Barrett (née Crotty; September 14, 1944 – May 8, 2024) was an American business executive who served as president, and later president emerita, of Southwest Airlines. She was an influential figure in the founding and development of the company. In 2001, she became the first woman to serve as president of a major airline.

Becker College
Becker College was a private college in Worcester and Leicester, Massachusetts. Becker College traced its history from the union of two Massachusetts educational institutions—one founded in 1784 and the other in 1887. The college closed at the end of the 2020–21 academic year.

The college offered more than 40 undergraduate degree programs including nursing programs, a veterinary science program, and video game design and development programs. The college's 2016–17 enrollment was 1,892. Becker College has more than 21,000 alumni.
Air sac
Air sacs are spaces within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9–11), with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great increase in the pneumatization (presence of air) in their bones. Birds use air sacs for respiration as well as a number of other things. Theropods, like Aerosteon, have many air sacs in the body that are not just in bones, and they can be identified as the more primitive form of modern bird airways. Sauropods are well known for the large number of air pockets in their bones (especially vertebra), although one theropod, Deinocheirus, shows a rivalling number of air pockets.

Bird anatomy
Beak

Head

Iris

Pupil

Mantle

Lesser coverts

Scapulars

Coverts

Tertials

Rump

Primaries

Vent

Thigh

Tibio-tarsal articulation

Tarsus

Feet

Tibia

Belly

Flanks

Breast

Throat

Wattle

Eyestripe

Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly. The development of a beak has led to evolution of a specially adapted digestive system.
Toyota Stout
The Toyota Stout is a light truck produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota from 1954 through 2000. The Stout shared its platform with the Toyota Dyna until 1968, when the Dyna was given its own platform, called the Toyota "U". In Japan, it was sold at Toyota Japanese dealerships called Toyopet Store.

Toyota Auto Body
Toyota Auto Body (Japanese: トヨタ車体) is a manufacturing subsidiary of the Toyota group based in Japan. It is headquartered in Kariya, Aichi and was established in 1945. The company has plants in the Mie and Aichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad.

The company was formed through a corporate spin-off from Toyota. In its early years, it  produced auto bodies. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, it centred on truck production, before slowly switching focus to light vehicles (mostly vans) from the late 1960s onwards. In the 2000s, it absorbed the vehicle manufacturing operations of sister companies Araco and Gifu Auto Body.

As part of Toyota, Toyota Auto Body develops and produces a range of minivans, SUVs,  light commercial vehicles and auto parts.
Sapperton, Gloucestershire
Sapperton is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire in England, about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west of Cirencester. It is most famous for Sapperton Canal Tunnel, and its connection with the Cotswold Arts and Crafts Movement in the early 20th century.  It had a population of 424, which had reduced to 412 at the 2011 census.

The parish includes the villages of Sapperton and Frampton Mansell. The outlying hamlet of Daneway lies in the parish of Bisley, but is nearer to the village of Sapperton and often considered a part of it.

Robert Atkyns (topographer)
Sir Robert Atkyns, FRS (1647 – 29 November 1711) was a topographer, antiquary and Member of Parliament. He is best known for his county history, The Ancient and Present State of Glostershire, published in 1712.
Vestre Bjonevatnet
Vestre Bjonevatnet is a small lake in Norway. The 2.16-square-kilometre (0.83 sq mi) lake is located primarily in Ringerike Municipality in Buskerud county and the far northern tip of the lake stretches across the border into Søndre Land Municipality and Gran Municipality in Innlandet county. The lake is situated between the lakes Sperillen and Randsfjorden. The European route E16 highway runs north–south, about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the west of the lake.

Søndre Land Municipality
Søndre Land is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Land. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hov. Other villages in the municipality include Fluberg and Odnes.

The 728.35-square-kilometre (281.22 sq mi) municipality is the 156th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Søndre Land Municipality is the 172nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 5,597. The municipality's population density is 7.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2% over the previous 10-year period.
Kayla Nguyen
Kayla X. Nguyen (born 1989) is a physicist and assistant professor on the faculty of the University of Oregon. She co-invented the Electron Microscope Pixel Array Detector (EMPAD), a camera displaying images at a very high level of detail. Her research involves computational tools and instrumentation to visualize and measure individual atoms.

Lemelson–MIT Prize
The Lemelson–MIT Program awards several prizes yearly to inventors in the United States. The largest is the Lemelson–MIT Prize which was endowed in 1994 by Jerome H. Lemelson, funded by the Lemelson Foundation, and is administered through the School of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The winner receives $500,000, making it the largest cash prize for invention in the U.S.

The $100,000 Lemelson–MIT Award for Global Innovation (previously named the Award for Sustainability) was last awarded in 2013. The Award for Global Innovation replaced the $100,000 Lemelson–MIT Lifetime Achievement Award, which was awarded from 1995 to 2006. The Lifetime Achievement Award recognized outstanding individuals whose pioneering spirit and inventiveness throughout their careers improved society and inspired others.

The Lemelson–MIT Program also awards invention prizes for graduate students, called the Lemelson–MIT Student Prize.
Karen Poole
Karen Ann Poole (born 8 January 1971) is an English songwriter and singer based in London. She is best known for her extensive songwriting collaborations with musicians such as Kylie Minogue, Becky Hill, David Guetta, Lily Allen, Sugababes, Zara Larsson, Tiesto, Alesso, Sonny Fodera, Chase & Status, Rita Ora, Fatboy Slim, Sub Focus, Katy B, and many more.

Becky Hill
Rebecca Claire Hill (born 14 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. She rose to fame after appearing on the first series of The Voice UK, auditioning with John Legend's "Ordinary People". She joined Jessie J's team and reached the semi-final of the competition.

In June 2014, she became the first (and only thus far) The Voice UK contestant to score a UK number one single when the song "Gecko (Overdrive)" with Oliver Heldens topped the UK Singles Chart. In 2022, she received two Brit Awards nominations, including British Song of the Year for "Remember" with David Guetta, and Best Dance Act, which she won two years in a row in 2022 and 2023.
Lymphangiogenesis
Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels in a method believed to be similar to angiogenesis (blood vessel development).

Lymphangiogenesis plays an important physiological role in homeostasis, metabolism and immunity. Impaired or excessive lymphatic vessel formation has  been implicated in a number of pathological conditions including neoplasm metastasis, oedema, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lymphangiomatosis and impaired wound healing.

The role of the lymphatic system in these diseases has received renewed interest largely due to the discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific markers such as podoplanin, LYVE-1, PROX1, desmoplakin and VEGF-C receptor VEGFR-3. These specific markers have enabled insights into functional and molecular lymphatic biology. There are several known pro-lymphangiogenesis inducers such as VEGF-C, hyaluronic acid and ephrin-B2.

Vascular endothelial growth factor C
Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is a protein that is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor / vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family. It is encoded in humans by the VEGFC gene, which is located on chromosome 4q34.
Okmeydanı
Okmeydanı (lit. 'arrow field') is a neighbourhood connected to Kağıthane and Şişli boroughs of Istanbul, Turkey. It was named after the archery area and archery lodge built by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. Streets nearby have targeting stones to define the distances of the arrows. During the plague outbreak of 1597, people met in Okmeydanı for three weeks of communal prayers for deliverance from the disease by order of Sultan Mehmed III.

The most land titles of this neighbourhood are mostly owned by Fatih Sultan Mehmet Foundation, thus the buildings in the area were subject to deconstruction now and then. Currently, it consists of many important commercial and state buildings and is an important crossroad for the local transportation system.

Şişli
Şişli (pronounced [ˈʃiʃli]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 10 km2, and its population is 276,528 (2022). Located on the European side of the city, it is bordered by Beşiktaş to the east, Sarıyer to the north, Eyüp and Kağıthane to the west, and Beyoğlu to the south. It is also the name of a specific area of Şişli district centered on the Sişli Mosque.