hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
Force Reconnaissance (FORECON) are United States Marine Corps reconnaissance units that provide deep ground and amphibious reconnaissance, surveillance, and limited-scale raids. They primarily support the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and other Marine Air-Ground Task Forces (MAGTF). Although FORECON companies are conventional forces they share many of the same tactics, techniques, procedures and equipment of special operations forces.  Though commonly misunderstood to refer to reconnaissance-in-force, the name "Force Recon" actually refers to the unit's relationship with the Marine Expeditionary Force or Marine Air-Ground Task Force.  Since the mid-1980s, a force recon detachment has formed part of a specialized sub-unit of Marine Expeditionary Units known as the Maritime Special Purpose Force (MSPF) or Maritime Raid Force (MRF).

United States Navy SEALs
The United States Navy Sea, Air, and Land (SEAL) Teams, commonly known as Navy SEALs, are the United States Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the United States Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEAL's main functions are conducting small-unit special operation missions in maritime, jungle, urban, arctic, mountainous, and desert environments. SEALs are typically ordered to capture or kill high-level targets, or to gather intelligence behind enemy lines.

SEAL team personnel are hand-selected, highly trained, and highly proficient in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydrographic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.
T-42 super-heavy tank
The T-42 (also known as the TG-V) was a Soviet super-heavy tank project of the interwar period. It was developed in 1932 by the OKB-5 design bureau at Bolshevik Plant no. 232  under the direction of a German engineer-designer Edward Grote. Development did not advance past the stage of construction drawings and scale models. The design was passed over in favour of the T-35 project which was already at the prototype stage.

Super-heavy tank
A super-heavy tank is any tank that is notably beyond the standard of the class heavy tank in either size or weight relative to contemporary vehicles.

Programs have been initiated on several occasions with the aim of creating an extremely resilient vehicle for penetrating enemy formations without fear of being destroyed in combat; however, only a few examples were built, and there is little evidence of any super-heavy tank having seen combat. Examples were designed in the First and Second World Wars, along with a few during the Cold War.
Sonia Sikka
Sonia Sikka is a Canadian philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Ottawa. Her research focuses on German philosophy (especially Heidegger and Herder), multiculturalism, secularism, religion, race, and morality.

Lori G. Beaman
Lori Gail Beaman FRSC (born 1963) is a Canadian academic. She is a professor in the Department of Classics and Religious Studies of the University of Ottawa, and holder of the Canada Research Chair in Religious Diversity and Social Change. She has published work on religious diversity, religious freedom, and the intersections of religion and law. She was made a fellow of the Academy of the Arts and Humanities of the Royal Society of Canada in 2015, received an Insight Award from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council in 2017 and received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in 2018.
Waushara County, Wisconsin
Waushara County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,520. Its county seat is Wautoma.

Waushara County is located in central Wisconsin, about 80 miles (130 km) north of Madison.

Marion, Waushara County, Wisconsin
Marion is a town in Waushara County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,065 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated communities of Silver Lake and Spring Lake are located in the town. The ghost town of Rodney was also located partially in the town.
Iultin
Iultin (Russian: Иультин; Chukchi: Ивылтин) was an urban-type settlement in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, part of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. As of 2010 the area is uninhabited. At its peak in 1989 it had a population of  5,301 (1989 Soviet census). The settlement was established to house the workers and administrative staff of the tin and tungsten mines, with transport connections with the port, Egvekinot being constructed by Gulag prisoners. The settlement was abolished in 1995, when mining activities became no longer profitable.

Egvekinot
Egvekinot (Russian: Эгвекино́т; Chukchi: Эрвыӄыннот, Èrvyḳynnot, lit. sharp, hard land) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Iultinsky District in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The population is 2,790 (2010 census).
Bottchers Gap
Bottchers Gap (sometimes spelled Botcher's Gap) (closed as of September 2016) is a day-use area, campground, and trailhead in Monterey County, California. It is located 7.6 miles (12.2 km) from the Big Sur Coast Highway at the end of Palo Colorado Road on the northern border of the Los Padres National Forest and Ventana Wilderness. It is located between Mescal Ridge and Skinner Ridge. From Bottchers Gap, there is an 3.3-mile-long (5.3 km) private access road that leads to Camp Pico Blanco. Beginning at Bottchers Gap, it is a difficult 14.7-mile (23.7 km) hike via the Skinner Ridge and Ventana Double Cone trails to the Ventana Double Cone, making it one of the more remote locations in the wilderness.

Palo Colorado Canyon, California
Palo Colorado Canyon is an unincorporated community in the Big Sur region of Monterey County, California. The canyon entrance is located 11.3 miles (18.2 km) south of the Carmel River at the former settlement of Notley's Landing, 6.5 miles (10 km) north of Point Sur, and at an elevation of 112 feet (34 m).
Railroad Tycoon
Railroad Tycoon is a business simulation game series. There are five games in the series; the original Railroad Tycoon (1990), Railroad Tycoon Deluxe (1993), Railroad Tycoon II (1998), Railroad Tycoon 3 (2003), and Railroads! (2006).Railroad Tycoon was written by game designer Sid Meier and published by MicroProse. Though it shares the "Tycoon" suffix, it is not related to other Microprose games such as RollerCoaster Tycoon and Transport Tycoon, which were developed by Scottish programmer Chris Sawyer.

The objective of the game is to build and manage a railroad company by laying track, building stations, and buying and scheduling trains. The railroad must be built in a certain time to win the game.

Railroad Tycoon II
Railroad Tycoon II is a business simulation video game in the Railroad Tycoon series developed by PopTop Software and published by Gathering of Developers. It was released for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, PlayStation and Dreamcast. It was later ported and released for Linux.

Gameplay is displayed in dimetric view, unlike the top-down view of Railroad Tycoon.
Inverse trigonometric functions
In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called antitrigonometric, cyclometric, or arcus functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, under suitably restricted domains. Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle from any of the angle's trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.

Multivalued function
In mathematics, a multivalued function, multiple-valued function, many-valued function, or multifunction, is a function that has two or more values in its range for at least one point in its domain. It is a set-valued function with additional properties depending on context; though some authors do not distinguish between set-valued functions and multifunctions.

A multivalued function of sets f : X → Y is a subset

Write f(x) for the set of those y ∈ Y with (x,y) ∈ Γf. If f is an ordinary function, it is a multivalued function by taking its graph

They are called single-valued functions to distinguish them.
Scream and Scream Again
Scream and Scream Again is a 1970 British science-fiction horror film directed by Gordon Hessler for Amicus Productions, and starring Vincent Price, Christopher Lee, Alfred Marks, Michael Gothard, and Peter Cushing. The screenplay was by Christopher Wicking, based on the 1967 novel The Disorientated Man, attributed to "Peter Saxon", a house pseudonym used by various authors in the 1960s and 1970s.

The film marks the second teaming, after The Oblong Box (1969), of actors Price and Lee with director Hessler. Price and Lee only share a brief scene in the film's climax. Cushing, in his brief scene, shares no screen time with either Price or Lee.

Overlooked during its initial release, the film has since become a minor cult classic, with the Overlook Film Guide acknowledging it as "one of the best science-fiction films made in Britain."

The Oblong Box (film)
The Oblong Box is a 1969 British gothic horror film directed by Gordon Hessler, starring Vincent Price, Christopher Lee and Alister Williamson. This was the first film to star both Price and Lee.

Taking its title from the 1844 short story "The Oblong Box", it explores and combines several themes typical to the work of Edgar Allan Poe, such as premature burial and masked figures, with the non-Poe theme of voodoo ritual killings.
Southern Cross Mountains
Southern Cross Mountains is the name applied to the group of ranges lying between the Mariner Glacier and Priestley Glacier in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
It is southwest of the Mountaineer Range, southeast of the Mesa Range and northeast of the Deep Freeze Range.

Campbell Glacier
Campbell Glacier (74°25′S 164°22′E﻿ / ﻿74.417°S 164.367°E﻿ / -74.417; 164.367) is a glacier, about 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) long, originating near the south end of Mesa Range and draining southeast between the Deep Freeze Range and Mount Melbourne to discharge into north Terra Nova Bay in Victoria Land, Antarctica.
Lawrence Lessig
Lester Lawrence "Larry" Lessig III (born June 3, 1961) is an American legal scholar and political activist. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard University. He is the founder of Creative Commons and Equal Citizens. Lessig was a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for president of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election but withdrew before the primaries.

Second Constitutional Convention of the United States
The calling of a Second Constitutional Convention of the United States is a proposal made by some academics and activists from across the political spectrum for the purpose of making substantive reforms to the federal government of the United States by rewriting the U.S. Constitution.
Poggio Moiano
Poggio Moiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Rome and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Rieti.

Poggio Moiano borders the following municipalities: Colle di Tora, Frasso Sabino, Monteleone Sabino, Poggio Nativo, Pozzaglia Sabina, Rocca Sinibalda, Scandriglia, Torricella in Sabina.

Torricella in Sabina
Torricella in Sabina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of Rieti.

Torricella in Sabina borders the following municipalities: Belmonte in Sabina, Casaprota, Monteleone Sabino, Montenero Sabino, Poggio Moiano, Poggio San Lorenzo, Rieti, Rocca Sinibalda. It is located near the ancient Via Salaria, and in the Middle Ages it was a possession of the Abbey of Farfa.
Shenipsit Lake
Shenipsit Lake (or Snipsic lake; shin-ip-SIT), known locally as "The Snip", is a natural lake used as a water storage facility with a water size of 522.8 acres (2.116 km2) located in Tolland County, Connecticut, bordering the towns of Ellington, Tolland and the Rockville section of Vernon, Connecticut, at 41°53′4.7″N 72°25′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.884639°N 72.42611°W﻿ / 41.884639; -72.42611. It is the source of the Hockanum River.

Ellington, Connecticut
Ellington is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. Ellington was incorporated in May 1786, from East Windsor. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 16,426.
Scorched 3D
Scorched 3D is a free and open source artillery game modeled after the MS-DOS game Scorched Earth. Scorched 3D is licensed under the GNU GPL-2.0-or-later, and supports numerous platforms: Windows, Unix-like systems (Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, and Solaris). It makes use of both the Simple DirectMedia Library and wxWidgets.

Artillery game
Artillery games are two- or three-player (usually turn-based) video games involving cannons trying to destroy each other. The core mechanics of the gameplay is almost always to aim at the opponent(s) following a ballistic trajectory (in its simplest form, a parabolic curve). Artillery games are among the earliest computer games developed; the theme of such games is an extension of the original uses of computer themselves, which were once used to calculate the trajectories of rockets and other related military-based calculations. Artillery games have been described as a type of "shooting game", though they are more often classified as a type of strategy video game.
Characteristic energy
In astrodynamics, the characteristic energy () is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2 time−2, i.e. velocity squared, or energy per mass.

Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy  equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy:

where  is the standard gravitational parameter of the massive body with mass , and  is the radial distance from its center. As an object in an escape trajectory moves outward, its kinetic energy decreases as its potential energy (which is always negative) increases, maintaining a constant sum.

Note that C3 is twice the specific orbital energy  of the escaping object.

Hyperbolic trajectory
In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, a hyperbolic trajectory or hyperbolic orbit (from Newtonian theory:  hyperbola shape) is the trajectory of any object around a central body with enough velocity to escape the central object's gravitational field; expressed as orbital eccentricity designated by any number more than 1.

Under simplistic assumptions a body traveling along this trajectory will coast towards infinity, settling to a final excess velocity relative to the central body. As with parabolic trajectories, all hyperbolic trajectories are also escape trajectories. The specific energy of a hyperbolic trajectory orbit is positive.

Planetary flybys, used for gravitational slingshots, can be described within the planet's sphere of influence using hyperbolic trajectories.
Nagarwala case
The Nagarwala case or Nagarwala scandal refers to an Indian fraud case where Rustom Sohrab Nagarwala allegedly imitated Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi and convinced Ved Prakash Malhotra to withdraw ₹60 lakhs from the branch of the State Bank of India where he was the head cashier. However, there has been some controversy over the actual events that transpired.

Pingle Jaganmohan Reddy
Justice Pingle Jaganmohan Reddy (23 January 1910 – 9 March 1999) was an Indian judge who served as Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court.

He practised in the High Courts of Bombay, Madras and Hyderabad during 1937–1946. He served as deputy Secretary, Government of Hyderabad, Additional Judge, District and Sessions Judge, Additional Judge High Court, Hyderabad from 25 February 1945 until 16 November 1946.

He was judge of Hyderabad High Court from 16 February 1952, Andhra Pradesh High Court judge between 1956 and 1966 and Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh High Court between 1966–1969; he was a judge of the Supreme Court of India, from 1969 to 1975.

Member, Syndicate and Dean, faculty of Law, Osmania University between 1952–59 and Vice-Chancellor, Osmania University in 1975.
Surgical scissors
Surgical scissors are scissors that are specially designed as surgical instruments, typically used for delicate cutting of biological tissues, sutures, dressings and other items such as meshes and drains, as well as for use as a blunt dissection tool. Surgical scissors are usually made of surgical stainless steel, and some have tungsten carbide inserts along their blades, the hardness of which allows manufacturers to create sharper and more durable edges.

Surgical instrument
A surgical instrument is a medical device used during surgery to perform specific actions, such as cutting, modifying tissue, or providing access for viewing. Over time, a broad spectrum of tools has been developed—some for general surgical use, others tailored to specialized procedures.

Classification systems help surgeons understand an instrument's function and appropriate usage. Innovation continues to drive the development of more precise, safer, and more effective instruments for modern surgery.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports
The COVID-19 pandemic caused the most significant disruption to the worldwide sporting calendar since World War II. Across the world and to varying degrees, sports events were cancelled or postponed. The 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were rescheduled to 2021. Only a few countries and territories—such as Hong Kong, Turkmenistan, Belarus, and Nicaragua—continued professional sporting matches as planned.

Behind closed doors (sport)
The term "behind closed doors" is used in several sports to describe matches played where spectators are not allowed in the stadium or venue to watch. A match played in this manner is also referred to as a crowdless game. Because ticket sales generally constitute a substantial proportion of total revenues in most professional sports as well as in certain elite competitions of many amateur sports, it is rare for such games to be off limits to paying members of the general public. When such instances do occur, it is usually for reasons outside the participating teams' control. These may include as a punishment or remedy for a participating team, stadium safety problems, preventing potentially dangerous clashes between rival supporters, wider safety concerns like a riot or other civil disturbances, or public health concerns like the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABC Supply Stadium
ABC Supply Stadium is a baseball park in Beloit, Wisconsin. It is primarily to be used for baseball, and is the home field of the Beloit Sky Carp, the Midwest League affiliate of the Miami Marlins. It replaced Harry C. Pohlman Field as the home for the Sky Carp beginning on August 3, 2021. ABC Supply holds the naming rights to the stadium, although the terms and length of the deal have not been disclosed. ABC Supply is owned by Hendricks Properties, the primary developer of the stadium. The Sky Carp started the 2021 season at Pohlman Field before moving to the new ballpark. The first game at ABC Supply Stadium was August 3, 2021, against the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers.

Beloit, Wisconsin
Beloit (/bəˈlɔɪt/ ⓘ bə-LOYT) is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located along the Rock River in southern Wisconsin, on the state border with Illinois. The population was 36,657 at the 2020 census. The Janesville–Beloit metropolitan statistical area, consisting solely of Rock County, has an estimated 165,000 residents.
Schmidt Lithograph building
The Schmidt Lithograph building, also known as the Clock Tower building and now Clocktower Lofts, is a former industrial building in the South Beach neighborhood of San Francisco, California, in the United States. Built in 1920–21 as part of the headquarters and printing plant of the Schmidt Lithograph Company, it is a contributing property in the South End Historic District. It was converted to condominiums in the early 1990s, with the address of 461 Second Street.

David Baker (architect)
David Baker, FAIA LEED AP (born December 20, 1949), is an American architect based in San Francisco, California. He and his firm, David Baker Architects (with principals Daniel Simons and Amanda Loper), are known primarily for designing affordable housing projects, hotels, and condominium lofts, often in converted old industrial buildings.  The 62-employee firm, formerly known as David Baker & Associates, was formed in 1982 and is based in San Francisco's Clocktower Building, a condominium conversion Baker designed in the former factory of the Schmidt Lithography Co., at one time the largest printing company on the West Coast.
LEDBAT
Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT) is a way to transfer data on the Internet quickly without clogging the network. LEDBAT was invented by Stanislav Shalunov and is used by Apple for software updates, by BitTorrent for most of its transfers and by Microsoft SCCM software distribution points. At one point in time, LEDBAT was estimated to carry 13–20% of Internet traffic.

LEDBAT is a delay-based congestion control algorithm that uses all the available bandwidth while limiting the increase in delay; it does so by measuring one-way delay and using changes in the measurements to limit congestion that the LEDBAT flow itself induces in the network. LEDBAT is described in RFC 6817.

TCP congestion control
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a congestion control algorithm that includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, along with other schemes including slow start and a congestion window (CWND), to achieve congestion avoidance. The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet. Per the end-to-end principle, congestion control is largely a function of internet hosts, not the network itself. There are several variations and versions of the algorithm implemented in protocol stacks of operating systems of computers that connect to the Internet.

To avoid congestive collapse, TCP uses a multi-faceted congestion-control strategy. For each connection, TCP maintains a CWND, limiting the total number of unacknowledged packets that may be in transit end-to-end. This is somewhat analogous to TCP's sliding window used for flow control.