hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walter Byles
Walter Barnard Byles (8 August 1840 – 12 November 1921) was an English first-class cricketer and barrister.

The son of Sir John Barnard Byles and Emma Nash Wedd, he was born in August 1840 at Royston, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Rugby School, before going up to University College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, Byles made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Gentlemen of England at Lord's in 1862. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 31 runs in the Oxford first-innings by Henry Plowden. A student of the Inner Temple, he was called to the bar in January 1866. He served as a barrister on the South-Eastern Circuit. Byles later served as a Sheriff of Middlesex in 1896. He died at Uxbridge in November 1921.

John Barnard Byles
Sir John Barnard Byles (11 January 1801 – 3 February 1884) was a British barrister, judge and author of books on law and the economy. He published an influential text on bills of exchange in 1829, commonly referred to as "Byles on Bills".
United States patent law
Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting from a patented technology without the consent of the patent holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent.

Sufficiency of disclosure
Sufficiency of disclosure or enablement is a patent law requirement that a patent application disclose a claimed invention in sufficient detail so that the person skilled in the art could carry out that claimed invention. The requirement is fundamental to patent law: a monopoly is granted for a given period of time in exchange for a disclosure to the public how to make or practice the invention.
Tone reproduction
In the theory of photography, tone reproduction is the mapping of scene luminance and color to print reflectance or display luminance, with the aim of subjectively "properly" reproducing brightness and "brightness differences".

The reproduction of color scenes in black-and-white tones is one of the long-time concerns of photographers.

A tone reproduction curve is often referred to by its initials, TRC, and the 'R' is sometimes said to stand for response, as in tone response curve.

Curve (tonality)
In image editing, a curve is a remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture.

Curves can usually be applied to all channels together in an image, or to each channel individually.

Applying a curve to all channels typically changes the brightness in part of the spectrum. Light parts of a picture can be easily made lighter and dark parts darker to increase contrast.

Applying a curve to individual channels can be used to stress a colour. This is particularly efficient in the Lab colour space due to the separation of luminance and chromaticity, but it can also be used in RGB, CMYK or whatever other colour models the software supports.
Duthie's golden mole
Duthie's golden mole (Chlorotalpa duthieae) is a species of mammal in the family Chrysochloridae. It is endemic to South Africa. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, moist savanna, temperate grassland, arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, and urban area. The specific name duthieae was given in honour of Dr. Augusta Vera Duthie, a South African botanist.

Golden mole
Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. They belong to the family Chrysochloridae (the only family in the suborder Chrysochloridea) and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, family Talpidae, and other mole-like families, all of which, to various degrees, they resemble as a result of evolutionary convergence. There are 21 species. Some (e.g., Chrysochloris asiatica, Amblysomus hottentotus) are relatively common, whereas others (e.g., species of Chrysospalax, Cryptochloris, Neamblysomus) are rare and endangered.
Ecumenical News International
Ecumenical News International (ENI) was a news agency launched in 1994 as a global news service reporting on ecumenical developments and other news of the Christian churches, and giving religious perspectives on news developments worldwide. The agency was based at the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland, which is also the headquarters of several Protestant and ecumenical organizations.

A shortage of funds led to the suspension of ENI's work in 2012. As of 2024 the work of ENI has remained suspended and the website has been discontinued.

Ecumenical Centre
The Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland, is located in the vicinity of the International Labour Organization, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and the World Health Organization and serves as the base for the following church organizations:

ACT Alliance

Ecumenical Church Loan Fund

World Student Christian Federation

World Council of Churches

It formerly also served as the headquarters of:

Conference of European Churches, now based in Brussels

Ecumenical News International, now defunct

World Communion of Reformed Churches, seat since 2014 in Hannover, Germany

Lutheran World Federation, since 2024 based at Octagon campus near Geneva Airport
Pennsylvania Route 18
Pennsylvania Route 18 (PA 18) is a major north–south highway in Western Pennsylvania whose southern terminus is at the West Virginia state line, where it continues as WV 69, while the northern terminus is at PA 5 in Lake City. At a length of 205 miles (330 km), PA 18 is the only state route in Pennsylvania — north–south or east–west — to traverse the entire state. It also has the distinction of being the longest state route in Pennsylvania.

West Middlesex, Pennsylvania
West Middlesex is a borough along the Shenango River in southwestern Mercer County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 815 at the 2020 Census. It is part of the Hermitage micropolitan area.
Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa
The Lycée Claudel d'Ottawa is a French-language private school in Ottawa built in the early 1960s. It was renovated by Edward J. Cuhaci to provide an infill between two existing school buildings, comprising classrooms and a 600-seat auditorium. It is located on Lycée Place (formerly Old Riverside Drive). The school has approximately 1000 students in grades JK-12. Named after the French poet Paul Claudel, the school follows the French international curriculum. All classes, with the exception of language classes, are taught in French, and students complete the French baccalaureat at the end of grade 12 (called "Terminale").

Paul Claudel
Paul Claudel (French: [pɔl klodɛl]; 6 August 1868 – 23 February 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. He was most famous for his verse dramas, which often convey his devout Catholicism.
Shallot
The shallot /ʃəˈlɒt/ is a cultivar group of the onion. Until 2010, the (French red) shallot was classified as a separate species, Allium ascalonicum. The taxon was synonymized with Allium cepa (the common onion) in 2010, as the difference was too small to justify a separate species.

As part of the onion genus Allium, its close relatives include garlic, scallions, leeks, chives, and the Chinese onion.

Chives
Chives, scientific name Allium schoenoprasum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae.

A perennial plant, A. schoenoprasum is widespread in nature across much of Eurasia and North America. It is the only species of Allium native to both the New World and Old World.

The leaves and flowers are edible. Chives are a commonly used herb and vegetable with a variety of culinary uses. They are also used to repel insects.
Levan I Dadiani
Levan I Dadiani (also Leon; Georgian: ლევან [ლეონ] I დადიანი; died 1572) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ruler of the Principality of Mingrelia, western Georgia. He succeeded on the death of his father, Mamia III Dadiani, as eristavi ("duke") of Mingrelia and ex officio mandaturtukhutsesi ("Lord High Steward") of Imereti in 1533. Dadiani's break with the king of Imereti brought about his downfall and imprisonment in 1546. He was able to escape and regain his possessions, securing Ottoman support for his independence from Imereti.

House of Dadiani
The House of Dadiani (Georgian: დადიანი [dadiani]), later known as the House of Dadiani-Chikovani, was a Georgian family of nobles, dukes and princes, and a ruling dynasty of the western Georgian province of Mingrelia.
Aloys Ndenzako
Aloys Ndenzako was a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Justice of Burundi from 1987-1988. He was succeeded by Evariste Niyonkuro, who also was succeeded by Evariste Niyonkuro (1988–1991).

Ministry of Justice (Burundi)
The Ministry of Justice, Keeper of the Government Seals, Human Rights and Gender performs tasks such as the following:

Promote judicial cooperation and training and inspect any related institutions

Educate litigants by disseminating legal information and providing translation if necessary

Ensure human rights and ministerial collaboration

Monitor cases that are gender-based or minor-related violations

The following administrations are under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice:

General Directorate of Penitentiary Affairs

Directorate of the Conservation of Land Titles

Center for Studies and Legal Documentation

Professional Training Center of Justice

National Service of Legislation
Peloridiidae
The Peloridiidae or moss bugs are a family of true bugs, comprising eighteen genera and thirty-four species. They are small, ranging in length from 2 to 4 mm, rarely seen, peculiarly lumpy, flattened bugs found in Patagonia (Argentina and Chile), New Zealand, eastern Australia, Lord Howe Island, and New Caledonia. Peloridiids are found amongst mosses and liverworts, commonly in association with southern beech forests. They have become known as moss bugs for their habit of feeding on mosses. They mostly feed on moss rhizoids, and also on wood-destroying fungi and lichens. Except for Peloridium hammoniorum, all Peloridiidae species are flightless. Their present distribution suggests they have existed since before the breakup of Gondwana. They are the only living members of the suborder Coleorrhyncha, which first appeared in the Upper Permian, over 250 million years ago.

Peloridium hammoniorum
Peloridium hammoniorum is a species of moss bug from southern South America.

It was first described in 1897 by Gustav Breddin from a specimen found at Puerto Toro on Navarin Island in Tierra del Fuego. A Swedish expedition collected a second specimen in a forest on the Brunswick Peninsula near Punta Arenas, Chile, and Haglund unknowingly described it as a new genus and species (Nordenskjoldiella insignis), but it later proved to be a sub-brachypterous female corresponding with the macropterous male described by Breddin.

Peloridium hammoniorum is the only Peloridiidae that has both a flying and a flightless form, all others have only flightless forms.
Calgary West
Calgary West was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1953, and from 1979 to 2015. It was in the western part of the City of Calgary. The electoral district was originally created in 1914 from Calgary riding. It was abolished in 1952 with parts being transferred to Calgary North, Calgary South, Bow River and Red Deer ridings. It was re-created in 1976 from Calgary North, Calgary South, Calgary Centre, and Palliser ridings. It was abolished during the 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution into Calgary Signal Hill (58%), Calgary Rocky Ridge (25%), and Calgary Confederation (17%).

From 1993 to 1997, Calgary West was represented by Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. Harper represented the nearby riding of Calgary Southwest as leader of the Opposition (from 2002) and prime minister (from 2006).

Calgary Crowfoot
Calgary Crowfoot is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2025. It was known as Calgary Rocky Ridge from 2015 to 2025.

Calgary Rocky Ridge was created by the 2012 federal electoral boundaries redistribution and was legally defined in the 2013 representation order. It came into effect upon the call of the 42nd Canadian federal election, scheduled for October 2015. It was created out of parts of the electoral districts of Calgary—Nose Hill and Calgary West.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding was renamed upon the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election. It will lose the neighbourhood of Kincora to Calgary Nose Hill, and the neighbourhoods of Evanston and Sage Hill east of Symons Valley Rd to Calgary Skyview.
Pegas Touristik
Pegas Touristik (Russian: Пегас Туристик) is a Russian tour operator. Its head office is located in Moscow. The company was launched in 1994.

In Russian regions, Pegas Touristik has over 50 offices of tourism. Moreover, Pegas Touristik is represented in Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and in Kazakhstan. The company has its offices of accepting tourists in Turkey, Egypt, Thailand, Vietnam, China, UAE and Israel.

Nordwind Airlines
Nordwind Airlines, LLC (Russian: ООО Северный ветер, romanized: Severný veter) is a Russian leisure airline. The company is headquartered in Moscow, and its hub is at Sheremetyevo International Airport. Nordwind Airlines primarily operates service between airports in Russia and holiday destinations around Europe and Asia. It is banned from flying in the European Union.
František Adolf Šubert
František Adolf Šubert (sometimes spelled Schubert; 27 March 1849 – 8 September 1915) was a Czech writer, playwright, journalist and theatre director. He was the first director of the National Theatre in Prague.

Anna Lauermannová-Mikšová
Anna Lauermannová-Mikšová (née Anna Anselma Miksche; 15 December 1852 – 16 June 1932), known under her pen name Felix Téver, was a Czech writer and socialite whose salon drew people from the leading literary and political circles of late 19th-century and early 20th-century Prague.
Dave Dowle
David 'Duck' Dowle (born 20 October 1953 in London, England) is an English drummer who has played with the bands Brian Auger's Oblivion Express, Streetwalkers, Whitesnake, Runner, Midnight Flyer, Bernie Marsden.

Live... in the Heart of the City
Live...in the Heart of the City is a 1980 live album by English rock band Whitesnake. Originally released as a double-vinyl album, and double-play cassette, it utilises recordings made in 1978 and 1980. The album charted at number 5 on the UK Albums Chart with Platinum certification, and number 146 on the Billboard 200. The Classic Rock  magazine in 2011 and 2023 placed it among the best live albums ever.
Sara and Myra
Sara (or Sarah) and Myra (or Mira) (Hebrew: שרה ומירה) were two Israeli offshore drilling licenses located west of Netanya, Israel.  The licenses expired on July 13, 2015.  
Exploratory drilling in the license area in 2012 was unsuccessful, but seismic studies indicated the possibility of oil and gas at deeper strata that were not explored.

Leviathan gas field
The Leviathan gas field is a large natural gas field in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel, 47 kilometres (29 mi) south-west of the Tamar gas field. The gas field is roughly 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Haifa in waters 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) deep in the Levantine basin, a rich hydrocarbon area in one of the largest offshore natural gas field finds. According to some commentators, the gas find has the potential to change Israel's foreign relations with neighboring countries, including Turkey, and Egypt.  Together with the nearby Tamar gas field, the Leviathan field was seen as an opportunity for Israel to achieve energy independence in the Middle East.

In 2017, Leviathan was estimated to hold enough gas to meet Israel's domestic needs for 40 years, having 22 trillion cubic feet in recoverable natural gas. The field began commercial production of gas on 31 December 2019. As of 2024, 90% of the field's production was being exported to Egypt and Jordan.
Taungbyon
Taungbyon is a village in Madaya Township of Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is known as the site of the Taungbyone Festival, which is the largest and best-known nat festival in Myanmar. During most of the year, it is a small village, but during the festival a large temporary infrastructure pops up to accommodate the large crowds in attendance. Taungbyon was historically important under the Bagan kingdom, when it was part of a series of forts along the Irrawaddy River and may have been a royal domain.

Madaya Township
Madaya (Burmese: မတ္တရာမြို့နယ်) is a township of Aungmyethazan District in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.

Taungbyone Festival of nat (spirit) takes place in the township in August yearly. The township is also home to Myanmar's largest marble quarry in Sagyin.
XD-Picture Card
xD-Picture Card is an obsolete flash memory card format, developed jointly by Olympus and Fujifilm in 2002 as a proprietary alternative to existing formats. It was primarily used in digital cameras produced by Olympus and Fujifilm, and was also adopted by Kodak in some models. xD cards were available in capacities ranging from 16 MB to 2 GB. While their file transfer speeds were good by 2002 standards, by the late 2000s they offered less capacity, were slower, and were more expensive than SD cards. The format was phased out in 2009, when Fujifilm and Olympus transitioned to the more widely supported SD card format.

Memory card
A memory card is an electronic data storage device used for storing digital information, typically using flash memory. These are commonly used in digital portable electronic devices, such as digital cameras as well as in many early games consoles such as the Neo Geo. They allow adding memory to such devices using a card in a socket instead of protruding USB flash drives.

Common types of flash memory card include SD cards (including microSD), Sony's Memory Stick and CompactFlash. As of 2024, SD cards are the most common type of memory cards.
Russell Road (Las Vegas)
Russell Road is a section line road within the Las Vegas Valley of Clark County, Nevada. It is no longer a continuous road through the valley, as Harry Reid International Airport interrupts its right of way. The eastern section terminates at the eastern edge of the airport, with the road resuming at Las Vegas Boulevard on the western edge of the airport.  The intersection of Russell Road and Las Vegas Boulevard is often considered to mark the southern terminus of the Las Vegas Strip.

Las Vegas Boulevard
Las Vegas Boulevard is a major road in Clark County, Nevada, United States, best known for the Las Vegas Strip portion of the road and its casinos. Formerly carrying U.S. Route 91 (US 91), which had been the main highway between Los Angeles, California and Salt Lake City, Utah, it has been bypassed by Interstate 15 and serves mainly local traffic with some sections designated State Route 604.
Strelitz Buildings
The Strelitz Buildings, located at 30 Mouat Street, Fremantle, were built in 1897 for Paul and Richard Strelitz. In October 1994, the buildings were permanently listed on the Western Australian State Heritage Register.

Mouat Street, Fremantle
Mouat Street is a 300-metre-long (980 ft) street in Fremantle, Western Australia. Historically, the name was often spelled as Mouatt Street.

It is a one-way street, running from Phillimore Street in the north to Marine Terrace in the south. It runs parallel to and in between Cliff Street to the west and Henry Street to the east.
Along the way it intersects High Street and Croke Street.

Mouat Street was named after lieutenant J. A. Mouat, of HMS Challenger.

New kerbing was laid along Mouat Street in 1890.

It is the location of a number of historical buildings: the Adelaide Steamship House, the Strelitz Buildings, the former Tarantella Night Club and the Howard Smith Building. There are also several buildings owned and used by the Fremantle campus of the University of Notre Dame, such as the former P&O Hotel building, as well as many other commercial buildings that use their heritage status.

Former buildings in the street include His Lordships Larder Hotel.
The Ruins of Athens
The Ruins of Athens (Die Ruinen von Athen), Op. 113, is a set of incidental music pieces written in 1811 by Ludwig van Beethoven. The music was written to accompany the play of the same name by August von Kotzebue, for the dedication of the new Deutsches Theater Pest in Pest, Hungary.

Perhaps the best-known music from The Ruins of Athens is the Turkish March. Beethoven had used this material before in his Six Variations on an Original Theme, Op. 76 (1809).

In 1822 the play was revived for the reopening of Vienna's Theater in der Josefstadt with a revised libretto by Carl Meisl, for which Beethoven wrote a new overture, now known as The Consecration of the House, Op. 124, and added a chorus "Wo sich die Pulse" (WoO 98).

The music for The Ruins of Athens was reworked in 1924 by Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. Another revival with a revision of the text by Johannes Urzidil was conducted by Alexander von Zemlinsky at Prague's Neues Deutsches Theater in 1926.

Turkish March (Beethoven)
The Turkish March (Marcia alla turca) is a classical march theme by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was written for the 1809 Six Variations, Op. 76, and is in the Turkish style. Later, in 1811, Beethoven included the Turkish March in a play by August von Kotzebue called The Ruins of Athens (Op. 113), premiering in Budapest, Hungary, in 1812.

The march is in B-flat major, tempo vivace, and 24 time. Its dynamic scheme highly suggests a procession passing by, starting pianissimo, poco a poco, rising to a fortissimo climax, and then receding to pianissimo by the coda.
Wendy Sulca
Wendy Sulca Quispe (born 22 April 1996) is a Peruvian singer of Huayno music, who found fame thanks to YouTube, where her videos "La Tetita" ("The tittie"), "Cerveza, Cerveza" ("Beer, beer") and "Papito" ("Daddy") have enjoyed success.

En tus Tierras Bailaré
En Tus Tierras Bailaré (English: "In your lands I will dance") is a Spanish-language viral video that celebrates love for the land and people of Israel.  It appeared in April 2010.

The song received attention in Latin American and rapidly got millions of hits. Calle 13 singer Residente called it YouTube's "We Are the World".
Vic bombing
A bombing attack was carried out by the Basque separatist group ETA on 29 May 1991 when a car bomb carrying more than 200 kg of explosive was detonated inside the courtyard of a Civil Guard barracks in the Catalan city of Vic, Spain. The bombing killed 10 people, including five children, and injured 44 people.

Following the selection of Barcelona as the host of the 1992 Olympic Games, ETA launched a series of attacks in Catalonia to gain worldwide attention. Five months earlier, six police officers had been killed in a bomb attack in the city of Sabadell.

The day after the bombing, two members of the ETA cell which carried out the attack were killed by the Civil Guard in a raid on a house at Lliçà d'Amunt, in the Province of Barcelona. Five members of ETA were also arrested.

Vic, Spain
Vic (Catalan pronunciation: [bik]; Spanish: Vic) is the capital of the comarca of Osona, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Vic is 69 km (43 mi) from Barcelona and 60 km (37 mi) from Girona.