hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Otis Clapp & Son
Otis Clapp & Son (today branded simply as "Otis Clapp") is an American pharmaceutical manufacturer which has been owned by Medique since 2008. Prior to its acquisition by Medique, was an independent company for a 168 year history, making it one of the United States' longest-operating pharmaceutical manufacturers.

Otis Clapp & Son was founded in 1840 by Otis Clapp as a homeopathic-focused pharmacy. The pharmacy grew into a sizable operation as homeopathics grew in popularity in the New England region. It expanded its operations further in the 1870s after Clapp's son, James Wilkinson Clapp, became a partner and it assumed the name "Otis Clapp & Son". By the 1890s, the company had expanded its operations, including  into the manufacture of medical equipment such as x-ray machines. In the 1990s, it began to narrow its operations by focusing on the manufacture pharmaceuticals.

Otis Clapp
Otis Clapp (March 3, 1806 – September 18, 1886) was an American publisher, bookseller,  homeopath, pharmacist, and politician who served as a collector of Internal Revenue; a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives; a member and president of the Boston Board of Aldermen; and a member of the Boston Common Council.

Clapp began his career working in publisher. A believer in the New Church (Swedenborgianism), Clapp ultimately turned his focus in this field to New Church-related works.

A promoter of homeopathy, Clapp operated a large homeopathic pharmacy. This namesake business (Otis Clapp & Son) continued as a business after his death. It was one of the oldest-operating pharmaceutical manufacturers in the United States by the time it was acquired by Medique in 2008. Products continue to be sold by Medique under the brand name "Otis Clapp".

Clapp was a founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Reflexive pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that refers to another noun or pronoun (its antecedent) within the same sentence.

In the English language specifically, a reflexive pronoun will end in -self or -selves, and refer to a previously named noun or pronoun (myself, yourself, ourselves, themselves, etc.). English intensive pronouns, used for emphasis, take the same form.

In generative grammar, a reflexive pronoun is an anaphor that must be bound by its antecedent (see binding). In a general sense, it is a noun phrase that obligatorily gets its meaning from another noun phrase in the sentence. Different languages have different binding domains for reflexive pronouns, according to their structure.

Binding (linguistics)
In linguistics, binding is the phenomenon in which anaphoric elements such as pronouns are grammatically associated with their  antecedents. For instance, in the English sentence "Mary saw herself", the anaphor "herself" is bound by its antecedent "Mary". Binding can be licensed or blocked in certain contexts or syntactic configurations, e.g. the pronoun "her" cannot be bound by "Mary" in the English sentence "Mary saw her". While all languages have binding, restrictions on it vary even among closely related languages. Binding has been a major area of research in syntax and semantics since the 1970s and, as the name implies, is a core component of government and binding theory.
Darby River, Victoria
Darby River is a locality in Gippsland in southeastern Victoria, Australia.  Located within Wilson's Promontory National Park, it was the location of the original park entrance, ranger station and accommodation centre from 1909 until the Second World War. Often referred to just as The Darby, it was the location of the National Park Committee of Management Rooms from about 1909, a Ranger's cottage from 1913,  and the 'Chalet' for tourist accommodation from 1923. The Chalet began as a small 6 room building and expanded to more than 24 accommodation rooms, kitchen, dining hall, bathrooms and the like. During World War Two the area was the site of the Headquarters Camp of the No 7 Commando Training Centre. At this time large numbers of huts and tents were erected and the Chalet was taken over for the Officers Mess. Following the war most of the buildings were removed or fell into disrepair and were demolished. The Ranger's House was moved to Tidal River.

Tidal River, Victoria
Tidal River is a locality in Wilsons Promontory National Park, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, Australia. It contains the main park administration and service centres as well as a permanent camping ground that takes its name from the Tidal River, which flows past the camping ground to the north.
Madame C.J. Walker Home for Girls and Women
The Madame C.J. Walker Home for Girls and Women, or simply Walker Home, is a historic Italianate building in the Lower Pacific Heights neighborhood (or Upper Fillmore) of San Francisco, California, U.S.. From 1921 to 1972, the building housed a charitable, community and social services organization for single African American woman new to San Francisco, who were not eligible to use the YWCA.

It is listed as a San Francisco Designated Landmark since 1999. The building is now a private residence and is not open to the public.

Lower Pacific Heights, San Francisco
Lower Pacific Heights, also known as Upper Fillmore, is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, between Pacific Heights, the Fillmore District, Laurel Heights, and Japantown. The neighborhood is centered on the commercial corridor of Fillmore Street between California and Post streets, with California Street to the north, Geary Boulevard to the south, Presidio Avenue to the west, and Van Ness Avenue to the east.
Andy Rourke
Andrew Michael Rourke (17 January 1964 – 19 May 2023) was an English musician best known as the bassist of the 1980s indie rock band the Smiths. Regarded as one of the greatest bassists of his generation, he was known for his melodic and funk-inspired approach to bass playing.

Rourke joined the Smiths after their first gig, having known guitarist Johnny Marr since secondary school, and played on their entire discography. After the group broke up in 1987, he performed on some of lead vocalist Morrissey's early solo releases. Rourke recorded with Sinéad O'Connor and the Pretenders in the early 1990s, and was a member of the supergroup Freebass and the band D.A.R.K., and later Blitz Vega with Kav Sandhu. He organised the Versus Cancer concerts from 2006 to 2009.

The Pretenders
The Pretenders are a British-American rock band formed in March 1978. The original band consisted of founder and main songwriter Chrissie Hynde (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), James Honeyman-Scott (lead guitar, backing vocals, keyboards), Pete Farndon (bass guitar, backing vocals) and Martin Chambers (drums, backing vocals, percussion). Following the deaths of Honeyman-Scott in 1982 and Farndon in 1983, the band experienced numerous personnel changes; American-born Hynde has been the band's only continuous member.

The band's hit songs include "Kid" (1979), "Brass in Pocket" (1979), "Talk of the Town" (1980), "Message of Love" (1981), "My City Was Gone" (1982), "Back on the Chain Gang" (1982), "Middle of the Road" (1983), "2000 Miles" (1983), "Don't Get Me Wrong" (1986), "My Baby" (1986) and "I'll Stand by You" (1994). The Pretenders were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2005.
Sanho Kim
Sanho Kim (born 1939 in Korea) is a South Korean comic book artist, considered the first artist working in a manhwa style to be published regularly in the United States. The bulk of Kim's American work was for Charlton Comics' horror comics, as well as the Kung fu title House of Yang.

In South Korea, Kim is known for the bestselling title Lifi, as well as his more recent History of Great Korean Empire. Lifi encouraged the Korean people to rise from the destruction of the Korean War, and is still imprinted in the minds of many people as Korea's first science fiction comic. Though Kim has worked in many styles and genres, the common theme that runs through his work is the pride and spirit of the Korean people.

Manhwa
Manhwa (Korean: 만화; Hanja: 漫畵; Korean pronunciation: [manβʷa]) is the general Korean term for comics and print cartoons. Outside Korea, the term usually refers to Korean comics.

Modern Manhwa has extended its reach to many other countries. These comics have branched outside of Korea by access to Webtoons and have created an impact that has resulted in some movie, drama and television show adaptations.
Touro University (New York)
Touro University is a private Jewish university based in New York City, New York. It was founded by Bernard Lander in 1971, and named for Isaac and Judah Touro. It is a part of the Touro University System. Its mission includes a strong focus on "transmit[ting] and perpetuat[ing] the Jewish heritage". Touro’s main campus has been located inside 3 Times Square since in January 2023.

The college has about 5,100 undergraduates, with a teaching staff of 1242, of which over a third are full-time. It has about 6,900 graduate students.  About 70% of undergraduates and graduate students are female.  Among undergraduates, some 5% are Asian, 13% are black, 11% are Hispanic and 54% are white.  The four-year graduation rate is 55%.

Touro University System
Touro University is a private Jewish university system headquartered in New York City, with branches throughout the United States as well as one each in Germany, Israel, and Russia. It was founded by Bernard Lander in 1971 and named for Isaac and Judah Touro. Its main campus in New York City is the largest private Jewish university in the U.S. Touro initially focused on higher education for the Jewish community, but it now has 113,457 living alumni and serves a diverse population of over 19,000 students across 36 schools and four countries. There are many branches of Touro University, including Lander College for Men and Lander College for Women.
Kesten Point
Kesten Point (Bulgarian: нос Кестен, ‘Nos Kesten’ \'nos 'kes-ten\) is the partly ice-free point on the south side of the entrance to Yamforina Cove on Blagoevgrad Peninsula, Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It was formed as a result of the break-up of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area in 2002.

The feature is named after the settlement of Kesten in southern Bulgaria.

Yamforina Cove
Yamforina Cove (Bulgarian: залив Ямфорина, ‘Zaliv Yamforina’ \'za-liv yam-fo-'ri-na\) is the 4.55 km wide cove indenting for 3.1 km the east coast of Blagoevgrad Peninsula on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is entered south of Daskot Point and north of Kesten Point, and was formed as a result of the break-up of Larsen Ice Shelf in the area in 2002, and subsequent deglaciation.

The feature is named after the ancient Thracian settlement of Yamforina in southwestern Bulgaria.
Arcade (John Abercrombie album)
Arcade is an album by the John Abercrombie Quartet, recorded in December 1978 and released on ECM Records the following year. The quartet features pianist Richie Beirach and rhythm section George Mraz and Peter Donald.

George Mraz
George Mraz (born Jiří Mráz; 9 September 1944 – 16 September 2021) was a Czech-born American jazz bassist and alto saxophonist. He was a member of Oscar Peterson's group, and worked with Pepper Adams, Stan Getz, Michel Petrucciani, Stephane Grappelli, Tommy Flanagan, Jimmy Raney, Chet Baker, Barry Harris, Joe Henderson, John Abercrombie, John Scofield, and Richie Beirach, among others.

During the 1970s, he was a member of the New York Jazz Quartet and The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra, and in the 1980s a member of Quest. He also appeared with Joe Lovano, Hank Jones and Paul Motian on Lovano's records I'm All For You and Joyous Encounter.

Mraz died on September 16, 2021, in Prague. The immediate cause of death was undisclosed, though he had battled pancreatic cancer in 2016.
Emmerich Kálmán
Emmerich Kálmán (Hungarian: Kálmán Imre [ˈkaːlmaːn ˈimrɛ]; 24 October 1882 – 30 October 1953) was a Hungarian composer of operettas and a prominent figure in the development of Viennese operetta in the 20th century. Among his most popular works are Die Csárdásfürstin (1915) and Gräfin Mariza (1924). Influences on his compositional style include Hungarian folk music (such as the csárdás), the Viennese style of precursors such as Johann Strauss II and Franz Lehár, and, in his later works, American jazz. As a result of the Anschluss, Kálmán and his family fled to Paris and then to the United States. He eventually returned to Europe in 1949 and died in Paris in 1953.

Csárdás
Csárdás (/ˈtʃɑːrdæʃ/, US: /-dɑːʃ/; Hungarian: [ˈt͡ʃaːrdaːʃ]), often seen as Czárdás, is a traditional Hungarian folk dance, the name derived from csárda (old Hungarian term for roadside tavern and restaurant). It originated in Hungary and was popularized by bands in Hungary as well as neighboring countries and regions such as of Slovenia, Burgenland, Croatia, Transylvania, Slovakia, Vojvodina and Moravia, as well as among the Banat Bulgarians, including those in Bulgaria.

The original folk csárdás, as opposed to the later international variants, is enjoying a revival in Hungary thanks to the táncház movement.

The dance is also popular among Romani people.
Miguel A. Núñez Jr.
Miguel A. Núñez Jr. (born August 11, 1959) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in Juwanna Mann, Life and The Return of the Living Dead. He played a leading role in Tour of Duty, appears on the BET drama The Family Business, and the UPN sitcom Sparks.

Tour of Duty (TV series)
Tour of Duty is an American military drama television series based on events in the Vietnam War, broadcast on CBS. The series ran for three seasons, from September 24, 1987, to April 28, 1990, for a total of 58 one-hour episodes. The show was created by Steve Duncan and L. Travis Clark and produced by Zev Braun.

The show follows an American infantry platoon on a tour of duty during the Vietnam War. It was the first television series to regularly show Americans in combat in South Vietnam and was one of several similarly themed series to be produced in the wake of the acclaimed Oliver Stone film Platoon (1986).

The series won an Emmy Award in 1988 for Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Series, and it was nominated again in 1989 and 1990.
Unkind Ladies
Unkind Ladies (Korean: 착하지 않은 여자들; RR: Chakhaji aneun yeojadeul) is a 2015 South Korean television series starring Kim Hye-ja, Chae Shi-ra, Do Ji-won and Lee Ha-na. It aired on KBS2 from February 25 to May 14, 2015 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 24 episodes.

Lee Ha-na
Lee Ha-na (Korean: 이하나; born September 23, 1982) is a South Korean actress. Lee made her acting debut with Alone in Love (2006). She is best known for her role as Kang Kwon-joo in the multiple seasons-procedural thriller Voice (2017–present).
Haim Kantorovitch
Haim Kantorovitch (November 4, 1890 – August 17, 1936) was an American socialist teacher, writer, and Marxist theoretician. Kantorovitch is best remembered as one of the intellectual leaders of the Militant faction of the Socialist Party of America in the early 1930s and as a founder and editor of The American Socialist Quarterly, the SP's theoretical magazine.

Militant faction
The Militant faction was an organized grouping of Marxists in the Socialist Party of America (SPA) who sought to steer that organization from its orientation towards electoral politics and towards direct action and revolutionary socialism. The faction emerged during 1930 and 1931 and achieved practical control of the organization in 1934. The existence of the "Militants" and the threat they represented to the political line of the SPA caused traditional electorally oriented members to form an organized grouping of their own, known as the "Old Guard faction." In 1935 the personal and political friction between these two basic tendencies lead to an organizational split, with the Old Guard faction leaving to establish the Social Democratic Federation (SDF). The Militant faction itself shattered in the aftermath of the 1935 party split with only a small core loyal to perennial Presidential candidate Norman Thomas remaining in the organization by the coming of World War II.
Luigi Pisani
Luigi Pisani (1522 – 3 June 1570) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. He was the son of Giovanni Pisani, an Ambassador of Venice to France. His uncle, his mother's brother was the Doge of Venice, and another uncle, his father's brother, was the Bishop of Padua, Cardinal Francesco Pisani. In 1524, Francesco, resigned his position in favour of Luigi but, Luigi being only a toddler, Francesco was appointed Administrator of the diocese that he had formally resigned. In 1555, Luigi succeeded Francesco on the latter's promotion to Bishop of Albano. Pisani rose in the hierarchy of the church serving as praefectus annonae, dealing with the finances of the provisioning of the Papal Court and the City of Rome from 1561 to 1562. Pope Pius IV made him a cardinal priest in 1565. He participated in the papal conclave of 1565-66 that elected Pope Pius V. He received the red hat and the titular church of San Vitale in 1566. In 1568 he opted for the titular church of San Marco.

San Vitale, Rome
The early Christian imperial basilica of the Saints Martyrs Vitale, Valeria, Gervasio and Protasio known more commonly as the basilica of San Vitale and Compagni Martiri in Fovea (Roman Parish) or more simply as San Vitale al Quirinale. It is the oldest Catholic place of worship in the historic center of Rome, located in via Nazionale. The imperial basilica of San Vitale al Quirinale, built under the pontificate of Pope Siricius after 386 and consecrated and richly decorated by Pope Innocent in 402 (Luigi Hutter and Vincenzo Golzino) is the first public Christian basilica with a baptistery (still not found) not founded on pre-existing pagan temples, mentioned in the Liber pontificalis, built by the Emperor Theodosius at the behest of Saint Ambrose of Milan, in honor of the miraculous discovery of the bodies of martyrs Gervasius and Protasius in Milan. It is the most frescoed basilica in Rome.
Prominence (professional wrestling)
Prominence (プロミネンス, Purominensu) is a villainous professional wrestling stable mainly performing in the Japanese independent scene. The unit was originally led by Risa Sera and also primarily consisted of Suzu Suzuki, Akane Fujita, Mochi Natsumi and Hiragi Kurumi. The stable was known for often producing independent wrestling namesake shows in the Japanese circuit between 2022 and 2024.

The unit reduced to the tag team of Calaminence consisting of Risa Sera and Saki between April 2024 and January 2026 when Sera retired from professional wrestling. Since then, Akane Fujita, Mochi Natsumi ans Hiragi Kurumi seldomly compete under the stable's banner in various matches.

Akane Fujita (wrestler)
Akane Fujita (藤田あかね, Fujita Akane) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her tenure with the Japanese promotions Ice Ribbon and Pro Wrestling Wave.
Hautes-Pyrénées
Hautes-Pyrénées (French pronunciation: [ot piʁene] ⓘ; Gascon/Occitan: Nauts Pirenèus / Hauts Pirenèus ['awts piɾeˈnɛʊs]; Spanish: Altos Pirineos; Catalan: Alts Pirineus ['alts piɾiˈneʊs]; ) is a department in the region of Occitania, southwestern France. The department is bordered by Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the west, Gers to the north, Haute-Garonne to the east, as well by the Spanish province of Huesca in the autonomous community of Aragon to the south. In 2019, its population was 229,567; its prefecture is Tarbes. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range.

Haute-Garonne
Haute-Garonne (French pronunciation: [ot ɡaʁɔn]; Occitan: Nauta Garona, pronounced [ˈnawto ɡaˈɾuno]; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2019, it had a population of 1,400,039.
Chitra Sen
Chitra Sen is an Indian actress and dancer predominantly known for her work in Bengali cinema, television and theatre. She made her debut in Madhu Bose's Shesher Kabita (1953) based on Tagore's novel of the same name. She played the female lead in Binoy Banerjee's social drama film Ponraksha (1954). In Swapnasandhani, she has worked with her son Kaushik Sen.

Kaushik Sen
Koushik Sen (born 19 September 1968) is an Indian actor known for his work across film, television, OTT and theatre, based in Kolkata. He is the founder and director of the theatre group Swapnasandhani. He won the Bengal Film Journalists' Association Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Aamar Bhuvan, directed by Mrinal Sen. He was awarded Girish Purashkar 2023 by the Cultural Department of the Government of West Bengal for his extraordinary contributions to theatre. In 2024, he was awarded Telly Academy Best Actor Award for Godhuli Alap series.
Sidney Gish
Sidney Gish (born March 18, 1997) is an American indie singer-songwriter. She has self-released two albums, Ed Buys Houses (2016) and No Dogs Allowed (2017). She performs and records her music solo.

Gish grew up in New Jersey but moved to Boston to study the music industry at Northeastern University. She began releasing music on Bandcamp in 2015. Her first full album, Ed Buys Houses, received local coverage, and she began performing concerts in Boston. Her second album, No Dogs Allowed, became popular on the internet and received positive critical reception, being named Album of the Year at the 2018 Boston Music Awards. She performed in New York City, where she attended an internship, and went on a national tour with Camp Cope and Petal. She opened for Mitski the same year and released a split single with Cavetown in 2019. In 2023, she released the single "Filming School" through the Sub Pop Singles Club, and she supported tours by the Beths and Jeff Rosenstock.

Boston Music Awards
Founded in 1987, the Boston Music Awards are a set of music awards given annually that showcase talent in the Boston, Massachusetts, area.

Past shows have featured such notable talent as Aerosmith, Paula Cole, Esperanza Spalding, Boston, Rubyhorse, Bang Camaro, the Dresden Dolls, Dropkick Murphys, JoJo, Killswitch Engage, Pat Metheny, Amanda Palmer, Phish, Donna Summer, Shea Rose, James Taylor and Jada.
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi
Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi (Arabic: ابو سعید مبارك المخزومي) (26 January 1013 ― 26 July 1119), known also as Mubarak bin Ali Makhzoomi and Abu Saeed and Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak (rarely known as Qazi Abu Sa'd al-Mubarak al-Mukharrimi) was a Sufi saint as well as a Muslim mystic and Traditionalist. He was an Islamic theologian and a Hanbali jurist based in Baghdad, Iraq. Abu Saeed was his patronym.

Abdul Qadir Gilani
Abdul Qadir Gilani (c. 1077 or 1078 – c. 1166) was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi mystic leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.

He was born in c. 1077 or 1078 in the town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Persia, and died in 1166 in Baghdad. His epithet, Gilani refers to his place of birth, Gilan, while the epithet, Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad.