hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robinson Treaties
The Robinson Treaties are two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and the Crown in 1850 in the Province of Canada. The first treaty involved Ojibwa chiefs along the north shore of Lake Superior, and is known as the Robinson Superior Treaty. The second treaty, signed two days later, included Ojibwa chiefs from along the eastern and northern shores of Lake Huron, and is known as the Robinson Huron Treaty. The Wiikwemkoong First Nation did not sign either treaty, and their land is considered "unceded".

The Saugeen Surrenders of 1854 and the Pennefather Treaty of 1859 altered the original treaties.

Batchawana Bay
Batchawana Bay is a small bay in Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is on the eastern shore of Lake Superior, approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Sault Ste. Marie.

The name "Batchawana" is derived from the Ojibwe word obatchiwanang (or spelled badjiwanung), meaning "current at the strait" or "narrows and swift water there", and refers to the turbulent or bubbling waters flowing between Batchawana Island and Sand Point where the lake narrows and a strong current and undertow results. The Ojibwe believed this was caused by an underwater spirit about to surface.
Portlaoise GAA
Portlaoise GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) affiliated hurling, Gaelic football and camogie club based in Portlaoise, the county town of Laois in Ireland. Founded in 1887, the club has won several Laois Senior Football, Laois Senior Hurling and Laois Ladies' Senior Football Club Championships. The club won the 1982-93 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship. The club has its grounds at Rathleague townland, to the southeast of Portlaoise town.

Laois Junior Football Championships
The Laois Junior Football Championships are the lower-tier Laois Club Football Championships.

The Junior A and Junior B Championships use group phases then down to eight-four-two and the Junior C Championship operates similarly to the Senior Championship and Intermediate Championship by going for a straight knockout.

Portlaoise are the title holders (2022), having defeated Barrowhouse in the final.
John Eardley Inglis
Major General Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis KCB (15 November 1814 – 27 September 1862) was a British Army officer, best known for his role in protecting the British compound for 87 days in the siege of Lucknow.

32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot
The 32nd Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1702. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry in 1881.
Karachi Division
Karachi Division (Urdu: کراچی ڈویژن ) is an administrative division of the Sindh Province of Pakistan created in December 1960. There are seven districts in Karachi Division. CNIC code of Karachi Division is 42. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Karachi Division is 20,382,881 (20 million).

Malir District
Malir District (Urdu: ضلع ملير) is an administrative district of Karachi Division in Sindh, Pakistan created in 1996 by bifurcation of District Karachi East. According to the 2023 Pakistani census, District Malir had a population of 2,419,736 (2.4 million).
St John Ambulance (England)
St John Ambulance is a charitable non-governmental organisation dedicated to the teaching and practice of first aid and the support of the national emergency response system in England. Along with St John Ambulance Cymru, St John Ambulance Northern Ireland, and St John Scotland, it is one of the four United Kingdom affiliates of the international St John Ambulance movement.

The St John Ambulance Association was founded in 1877 to provide first aid training. In 1887, the St John Ambulance Brigade was founded to provide uniformed medics at public events. In 1968, the two were merged into the present foundation. The organisation is a subsidiary of the England and the Islands priory (i.e. branch) of the Order of St John. Until 2012, it also managed St John Ambulance services in the Isle of Man and Channel Islands.

In 2022, St John Ambulance was commissioned by NHS England to provide England's ambulance auxiliary.

St Andrew's First Aid
St Andrew's First Aid is a charity based in Scotland. Founded in 1882, St Andrew's Ambulance Association was Scotland's first ambulance service. From 1967, the St. Andrew's Scottish Ambulance Service was the sole contractor for the provision of the ambulance service, until 1974, when the National Health Service (NHS) was reorganised and St Andrew's ambulance role was absorbed into the Scottish Ambulance Service. The St Andrew's association continued as a provider of first aid services and training, changing their trading name.
Central Roller Mills
The Central Roller Mills is a historic mill complex in Central, South Carolina.  The mill opened in 1903, when there were 556 operating grist mills and roller mills in South Carolina.  By 1929, there were only 23, and by 1939, there were only 17, however, the Central Roller Mills operated until the late 1970s.  The original building is three stories tall and made of brick, with a one-story wing.  The mill was purchased by the owner of the nearby Pendleton Oil Mill in 1934.  By 1938, additions to the complex included a second story to the wing, a four-story tower for bucket elevators, and a three-story tower with nine storage silos.  A corn mill and hammer mill for producing animal feed were added in separate buildings.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Central, South Carolina
Central is a town in Pickens County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Central had a population of 5,247. Contrary to its name, it is not near South Carolina's center. It received its name from being halfway or the central point between Atlanta and Charlotte along the former Atlanta and Richmond Air-Line Railway line. Southern Wesleyan University's main campus is east of downtown Central.
JPEG File Interchange Format
The JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) is an image file format standard published as ITU-T Recommendation T.871 and ISO/IEC 10918-5. It defines supplementary specifications for the container format that contains the image data encoded with the JPEG algorithm. The base specifications for a JPEG container format are defined in Annex B of the JPEG standard, known as JPEG Interchange Format (JIF). JFIF builds over JIF to solve some of JIF's limitations, including unnecessary complexity, component sample registration, resolution, aspect ratio, and color space. Because JFIF is not the original JPG standard, one might expect another MIME type. However, it is still registered as "image/jpeg" (indicating its primary data format rather than the amended information).

JFIF is mutually incompatible with the newer Exchangeable image file format (Exif).

Image file format
An image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be compressed or uncompressed. If the data is compressed, it may be done so using lossy compression or lossless compression. For graphic design applications, vector formats are often used. Some image file formats support transparency.

Raster formats are for 2D images. A 3D image can be represented within a 2D format, as in a stereogram or autostereogram, but this 3D image will not be a true light field, and thereby may cause the vergence–accommodation conflict.

Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats so that the data can be displayed on a digital (computer) display or printed out using a printer. A common method for displaying digital image information has historically been rasterization.
Jean François Hamtramck
Jean-François Hamtramck (or John Francis Hamtramck; 1756 – 11 April 1803) was a Canadian-born Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War and the Northwest Indian War. In the Revolution, he participated in the Invasion of Quebec, the Sullivan Expedition, and the Siege of Yorktown. In the history of United States expansion into the Northwest Territory, Hamtramck is connected to 18th century forts at modern Midwest cities such as Steubenville, Vincennes, Fort Wayne, and Detroit. The city of Hamtramck, Michigan is named for him.

William Wells (soldier)
William Wells (c. 1770 – 15 August 1812), also known as Apekonit ("Carrot top"), was the son-in-law of Chief Little Turtle of the Miami.  He fought for the Miami in the Northwest Indian War.  During the course of that war, he became a United States Army officer, and also served in the War of 1812.
Vogon
The Vogons are a fictional alien race from the planet Vogsphere in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy—initially a BBC Radio series by Douglas Adams—who are responsible for the destruction of the Earth, in order to facilitate an intergalactic highway construction project for a hyperspace express route. Vogons are slug-like but vaguely humanoid, are bulkier than humans, and have green skin. Vogons are described as "one of the most unpleasant races in the galaxy—not actually evil, but bad-tempered, bureaucratic, officious and callous", and having "as much sex appeal as a road accident" as well as being the authors of "the third-worst poetry in the universe". They are employed as the galactic government's bureaucrats. According to Marvin the Paranoid Android, they are also the worst marksmen in the galaxy. They follow orders as they are told, and do not allow exceptions.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (video game)
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is an interactive fiction video game based on the comedic science fiction series of the same name. It was designed by series creator Douglas Adams and Infocom's Steve Meretzky, and it was first released in 1984 for the Apple II, Mac, Commodore 64, CP/M, MS-DOS, Amiga, Atari 8-bit computers, and Atari ST. It is Infocom's fourteenth game.
Fletcher, North Carolina
Fletcher is a town in Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Fletcher had a population of 7,987.

Fletcher is adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, which serves western North Carolina. It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Henderson County, North Carolina
Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,281. Its county seat is Hendersonville. Henderson County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Morrison Avenue–Soundview station
The Morrison Avenue–Soundview station is a local station on the IRT Pelham Line of the New York City Subway. Located at Morrison Avenue and Westchester Avenue in the Soundview neighborhood of the Bronx, it is served by the 6 train at all times. The <6> train skips this station when it operates.

Soundview, Bronx
Soundview is a neighborhood on the Clason Point peninsula, on the southern section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. Its boundaries, starting from the north and moving clockwise, are the Cross Bronx Expressway to the north, White Plains Road to the east, Lacombe Avenue to the south, and the Bronx River to the west. The Bruckner Expressway bisects the neighborhood horizontally along the center and the Bronx River Parkway runs north to south. Soundview Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Soundview.
Poplar Grove, Salt Lake City
40°45.5′N 111°55.5′W﻿ / ﻿40.7583°N 111.9250°W﻿ / 40.7583; -111.9250
Poplar Grove is a western neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah. It lies north of Glendale and south of Rose Park & Fair Park. It is the second largest neighborhood in Salt Lake City (after Glendale) and is often confused with Glendale.

Fairpark, Salt Lake City
40°46′37″N 111°55′46″W﻿ / ﻿40.7770141°N 111.9294547°W﻿ / 40.7770141; -111.9294547Fairpark is a western neighborhood of Salt Lake City, Utah. It lies north of Poplar Grove and south of Rose Park. It is one of the smaller neighborhoods in Salt Lake City and is often confused with Rose Park. The neighborhood is named after the State Fairpark, which takes up a large portion of the area. It is home to over 2,800 households and is less than a 5-minute drive to downtown Salt Lake City. Near the state fairpark is the Northwest Recreation Center, which houses a large indoor pool and several community programs. For more information about Fairpark, visit the Fairpark Community homepage.
John Morris (soldier)
John Morris (1617?–1649) was a celebrated and dashing army officer of the First English Civil War. He served on both royalist and parliamentarian sides of the conflict, and was executed on a treason charge.

North Elmsall
North Elmsall (/ˈɛmsəl/ EM-səl) is a village in the civil parish of Upton and North Elmsall, in the City of Wakefield district in West Yorkshire, England. The parish had a population of 4,093 in 2001 and 3,873 in 2011. Until 1974 it was part of Hemsworth Rural District. The parish is seven miles from Pontefract, nine miles from Barnsley and Doncaster, and eleven miles from Wakefield.

In 1887, North Elmsall was described as

North Elmsall, ry. sta. (Upton and North Elmsall), E. div. West-Riding Yorkshire, 7 miles SE. of Pontefract.
Pleasant Gardens (North Carolina)
Pleasant Gardens was the plantation in Rowan County, North Carolina, occupied by Joseph "Pleasant Gardens" McDowell (1758–1799).  Remains of the Pleasant Gardens house are located near Marion, North Carolina.

McDowell County, North Carolina
McDowell County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,578. Its county seat is Marion.

McDowell County comprises the Marion, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Charlotte-Concord, NC Combined Statistical Area.
Benny Lom
Benjamin Lom (June 29, 1906 – July 1, 1984) was an American college football player who played for three seasons for the University of California, Berkeley Golden Bears, and was best known for his attempt to stop his own teammate Roy Riegels after Riegels ran the ball 69 yards in the wrong direction during the 1929 Rose Bowl.

Roy Riegels
Roy Riegels (April 4, 1908 – March 26, 1993) was an American college football center who played for the California Golden Bears from 1927 to 1929. Riegels was nicknamed "Wrong Way" due to his infamous wrong-way run in the 1929 Rose Bowl, which is often cited as the worst blunder in the history of college football. That one play overshadowed Riegels' football talents; he earned first-team All-America honors and served as team captain for the Golden Bears in 1929. Riegels' notability has been shared by motivational speakers who use his life as an example of overcoming setbacks.
Hellenic Union of Romania
The Hellenic Union of Romania (Romanian: Uniunea Elenă din România, UER; Greek: Ένωση Ελλήνων της Ρουμανίας, romanized: Énōsē Ellḗnōn tēs Roumanías, EER) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Greek community.

Romanian ethnic minority parties
The Romanian Constitution (Article 62) provides seats in the Chamber of Deputies for representatives of ethnic minorities in Romania (with the limitation that each national minority is to be represented by one organization only). Minority organizations are exempt from the electoral threshold, and are guaranteed a seat so long as they earn at least 10% of the vote that was required for the last party eligible to earn a seat through the threshold.

The representatives elected in this manner sit in the Parliamentary Group of National Minorities (Romanian: Grupul parlamentar al minorităților naționale) in the Chamber of Deputies; the Group traditionally give confidence and supply to the government. The number of seats awarded to ethnic minorities varied from 10 in 1990 to 19 since 2024 onwards.
Stridor
Stridor (from Latin  stridere 'to grate, screech') is an extra-thoracic high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or elsewhere in the upper respiratory tract. It is different from stertor, which is a snoring noise originating in the pharynx, and wheezing, which originates in the bronchi.

Stridor is a physical sign which is caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway. It can be inspiratory, expiratory or biphasic, although it is usually heard during inspiration. Inspiratory stridor often occurs in children with croup. It may be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions such as epiglottitis, a foreign body lodged in the airway, or a laryngeal tumor. Stridor should always command attention to establish its cause. Visualization of the airway by medical experts equipped to control the airway may be needed.

Airway obstruction
Airway obstruction is a blockage of respiration in the airway that hinders the free flow of air. Airway obstructions can occur either in the upper airway or lower airway. The upper airway consists of the nose, throat, and larynx. The lower airway comprises the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Airway obstruction is a life-threatening condition and requires urgent attention.
Vendôme
Vendôme (/vɒ̃ˈdoʊm/, French: [vɑ̃dom] ⓘ) is a subprefecture of the department of Loir-et-Cher, France. It is also the department's third-biggest commune with 15,856 inhabitants (2019).

It is one of the main towns along the river Loir. The river divides itself at the entrance of Vendôme, intersecting it into numerous different arms. The town has a rich medieval history and many historical monuments.

Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French Royal Army officer who played a critical role in the American victory at the siege of Yorktown in 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. He was commander-in-chief of the Expédition Particulière, the French expeditionary force sent to North America during the conflict. He worked closely and well with George Washington, commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
Thomas Allen (dean of Achonry)
Thomas Allen (2 November 1873, in Ballymena – 16 May 1927, in Coolaney) was Dean of Achonry from 1916 until his death.

Allen was educated at Ballymena Academy and Trinity College, Dublin. After curacies in Maryborough and Galway he was Diocesan Inspector of Religious Education in the Diocese of Tuam, Killala and Achonry. He was Rector of Killoran with Kilvarnet from 1904; and a Canon of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin from 1904 until 1916. He was also Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Tuam from 1923.

Dean of Achonry
The Dean of Achonry used to be based at the Cathedral Church of St Crumnathy, Achonry (closed in 1997) in the Diocese of Achonry within the united bishopric of Tuam, Killala and Achonry of the Church of Ireland.
Lala Sukuna
Ratu Sir Josefa Lalabalavu Vanayaliyali Sukuna KCMG KBE (22 April 1888 – 30 May 1958) was a Fijian chief, scholar, soldier, and statesman. He is regarded as the forerunner of the post-independence leadership of Fiji.

Great Council of Chiefs
The Great Council of Chiefs (Fijian: Bose Levu Vakaturaga) is a Fijian constitutional body. It previously existed from 1876 to March 2012 and was restored in May 2023.

It is different from the House of Chiefs, a larger body that includes all hereditary chiefs, although membership of the two bodies overlapped to a considerable extent. The Great Council of Chiefs in its most recent form was established under Section 116 of the now-defunct 1997 Constitution, but it actually predated the Constitution by many years, having been established by the British colonial rulers as an advisory body in 1876, two years after Fiji was ceded to the United Kingdom.

The current chairperson is Ratu Viliame Seruvakula.
Cornerback
A cornerback (CB) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football. Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time, but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses. They create turnovers through hard tackles, interceptions, and  deflecting forward passes.

Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties.

The cornerback position requires speed, agility, strength, and the ability to make rapid sharp turns. A cornerback's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback and wide receiver, backpedaling, executing single and zone coverage, disrupting pass routes, block shedding, and tackling. Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field.  Because of this, they are frequently used as return specialists on punts or kickoffs.

Return specialist
A return specialist, subcategorized as kick or punt returners, is a player on the special teams unit of a gridiron football team who specializes in returning kickoffs and punts. There are few players who are exclusively return specialists; most also play another position such as wide receiver, cornerback, or running back. The special teams counterpart of a return specialist is a kicking specialist.

According to All-American Venric Mark, "Returning punts is harder. You have to judge the ball more, you have to know when to fair catch and when not to. You can't be a superhero and try to catch everything. With kickoff returns, you catch the ball and—boom—you're going."
Dorsal metacarpal arteries
Most of the dorsal metacarpal arteries arise from the dorsal carpal arch and run downward on the second, third, and fourth dorsal interossei of the hand and bifurcate into the dorsal digital arteries.  Near their origin, they anastomose with the deep palmar arch by perforating arteries.  They also anastomose with common palmar digital arteries (from the superficial palmar arch), also via perforating arteries.

The first dorsal metacarpal artery arises directly from the radial artery before it crosses through the two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle.

Dorsal digital arteries of hand
Dorsal digital arteries arise from the bifurcation of dorsal metacarpal arteries. They travel along the sides and dorsal aspects of the phalanges of the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger. They communicate with the proper palmar digital arteries.

They run with the dorsal digital nerves of ulnar nerve and dorsal digital nerves of radial nerve.
Ng Fung Hong
Ng Fung Hong (Chinese: 五豐行) is a Chinese company, which is owned by China Resources and listed in Hong Kong. It describes itself as the largest food distributor in Hong Kong, with interests in food distribution; food production, processing and trading; food retail and supermarket; marine fishing; and abattoir operations.

China Resources
China Resources Holdings Company Limited (Chinese: 华润), or simply China Resources, is a Chinese state-owned conglomerate that owns a variety of businesses in Hong Kong and Mainland China. Some of its subsidiaries use the name in the form of the initialism CRC. In 2024, China Resources ranked 60th on the World's 500 Most Influential Brands List by World Brand Lab. In 2025, China Resources Group ranks 67th in the Fortune Global 500.
Eastern Samar State University
Eastern Samar State University is a state university in the Philippines with main campus located in Borongan, Eastern Samar. It has a satellite campus in Salcedo, Maydolong, Guiuan, Can-avid, Arteche (External Campus), and Balangiga (External Campus).

Borongan
Borongan, officially the City of Borongan (Waray: Siyudad han Borongan;  Filipino: Lungsod ng Borongan), is a  component city and capital of the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 71,431 people.

It is the most populous LGU in Eastern Samar and it is also nicknamed as the "City of the Golden Sunrise/Sunshine" and aspiring to be the "King City of the East". Its cityhood was settled by the Supreme Court of the Philippines when it decided with finality on April 12, 2007, the constitutionality of its city charter, Republic Act 9394, which conferred upon and elevated the status of the municipality of Borongan into a component city of the province of Eastern Samar.