hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duke of Buckingham
Duke of Buckingham, referring to the market town of Buckingham, England, is an extinct title that has been created several times in the peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. There were creations of double dukedoms of Buckingham and Normanby and of Buckingham and Chandos.  The 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby built Buckingham House in the early 1700s, which eventually came into the hands of the monarch and is now Buckingham Palace. The last holder of the dukedom, the 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, died in 1889.

There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham.

Viscount Cobham
Viscount Cobham is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain that was created in 1718. Owing to its special remainder, the title has passed through several families. Since 1889, it has been held by members of the Lyttelton family.

The barony and viscountcy of Cobham were subsidiary titles of the Earldom of Temple from 1749 to 1784, then subsidiary titles of the Marquessate of Buckingham from 1784 to 1822 and of the Dukedom of Buckingham and Chandos from 1822 to 1889. Since the latter year, the Cobham titles have been merged with the titles of Baron Lyttelton and Baron Westcote.
Pemberton, British Columbia
Pemberton is a village municipality in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia. This Pemberton Valley community is on the southwest shore of the Lillooet River and northeast shore of Pemberton Creek. On BC Highway 99, the locality is by road about 153 kilometres (95 mi) north of Vancouver, 33 kilometres (21 mi) northeast of Whistler, and 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Lillooet.

Pemberton Valley
The Pemberton Valley is a valley flanking the Lillooet River upstream from Lillooet Lake, including the communities of Mount Currie, Pemberton, British Columbia and the agricultural district surrounding them and flanking the river as far upstream as the Pemberton Meadows area. The term is normally used only to refer to inhabited parts of the valley, not the unsettled areas to the north of Pemberton Meadows although the official definition extends from the head of Lillooet Lake all the way up to the confluence of Meager Creek. Historically the region was part of the Lillooet Country but due to re-orientation of the area's economy and society since the opening and expansion of BC Highway 99 the area is now more considered to be part of the Sea-to-Sky Corridor.
Ashok Kumar
Ashok Kumar (born Kumudlal Ganguly; 13 October 1911 – 10 December 2001) was an Indian actor who worked in Hindi cinema. He is regarded as one of the greatest actors of Indian cinema. He is considered to be the first superstar of Indian cinema as well as the first lead actor to play an anti-hero. He also became the first star to reinvent himself, enjoying a long and hugely successful career as a character actor. He was a member of the cinematic Ganguly family. He was honoured in 1988 with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest national award for cinema artists, by the Government of India. He received the Padma Shri in 1962 and Padma Bhushan in 1999 for his contributions to Indian cinema.

Bengali Brahmin
Bengali Brahmins are the community of Hindu Brahmins, who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.

The Bengali Brahmins, along with Baidyas and Kayasthas, are regarded among the three traditional higher castes of Bengal. In the colonial era the Bhadraloks of Bengal were primarily, not exclusively, drawn from these three castes.
Yên Bái mutiny
The Yên Bái mutiny (Vietnamese: Bạo-động Yên-bái) or officially Yên Báy general uprising (Vietnamese: Tổng khởi-nghĩa Yên-báy) was an uprising of Vietnamese soldiers in the French colonial army on 10 February 1930. This took place in collaboration with civilian supporters who were members of the Vietnam Nationalist Party.

Tonkinese Rifles
The Tonkinese Rifles (tirailleurs tonkinois) were a corps of Tonkinese light infantrymen raised in 1884 to support the operations of the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps.  Led by French officers seconded from the marine infantry, Tonkinese riflemen fought in several engagements against the Chinese during the Sino-French War and took part in expeditions against Vietnamese insurgents during the subsequent French Pacification of Tonkin. The French also organized similar units of indigenous riflemen from Annam and Cambodia. All three categories of indigenous soldiers were known in Vietnam as Lính tập.
Dave Woodward
David T. "Dave" Woodward (born 1976) is an American politician currently serving as Chairman of the Oakland County Board of Commissioners since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he has served on the Oakland County Board of Commissioners since 2005. He previously served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1999 to 2004, representing District 26.

Outside of his service on the Board of Commissioners, Woodward owns a political consulting firm, whose clients include Sheetz.

Oakland County Board of Commissioners
The Oakland County Board of Commissioners (OCBoC) is the legislative branch of the government of Oakland County, Michigan. It is composed of 19 commissioners, each elected to represent a single-member district in the county. Commissioners are elected to four-year terms in presidential election years; prior to the 2024 election, commissioners served two-year terms.

The county board sets policy and laws for the county regarding property, public health services, public safety, and maintenance of county highways. It is presided over by its chair, currently Dave Woodward. Meetings of the Board of Commissioners are held in the Commissioners' Auditorium at the Oakland County Service Center in Pontiac, and are open for public attendance and comment.
Greg Gumbel
Gregory Girard Gumbel (May 3, 1946 – December 27, 2024) was an American television sportscaster. He was best known for his various assignments for CBS Sports (most notably, the National Football League and NCAA basketball). Gumbel became the first African-American announcer to call play-by-play of a major sports championship in the United States when he announced Super Bowl XXXV for the CBS network in 2001. From 1998 through 2023, Gumbel was the studio host for CBS' men's college basketball coverage and was a play-by-play broadcaster for the NFL on CBS.

MSG Network
The MSG Network (MSG) is an American regional cable and satellite television network, and radio service owned by Sphere Entertainment -- a spin-off of the main Madison Square Garden Company operation (itself a spin-off of local cable provider Cablevision).

Primarily serving the Mid-Atlantic United States, its programming focuses on events featuring and other programs about New York City sports teams, including live game broadcasts of the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, the New York Rangers, New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League and Gotham FC of the National Women's Soccer League. The channel is named after the Madison Square Garden sports and entertainment venue in Midtown Manhattan, home of the Knicks and Rangers.
Airborne Launch Control System
The Airborne Launch Control System (ALCS) provides a survivable launch capability for the United States Air Force's LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) force. The ALCS is operated by airborne missileers from Air Force Global Strike Command's (AFGSC) 625th Strategic Operations Squadron (STOS) and United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM). The system is located on board the United States Navy's E-6B Mercury, which serves as USSTRATCOM's "Looking Glass" Airborne Command Post (ABNCP). The ALCS crew is integrated into the ABNCP battle staff and is on alert around the clock.

2d Airborne Command and Control Squadron
The Airborne Command and Control Squadron was an airborne command and control unit of the United States Air Force Strategic Air Command located at SAC HQ at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. Active in its final form during and after the Cold War from 1970-1994, the squadron was an integral part of the United States' Post Attack Command and Control System, performing the Operation Looking Glass mission with the Boeing EC-135 aircraft.
Riemann–Roch theorem
The Riemann–Roch theorem is an important theorem in mathematics, specifically in complex analysis and algebraic geometry, for the computation of the dimension of the space of meromorphic functions with prescribed zeros and allowed poles. It relates the complex analysis of a connected compact Riemann surface with the surface's purely topological genus g, in a way that can be carried over into purely algebraic settings.

Initially proved as Riemann's inequality by Riemann (1857), the theorem reached its definitive form for Riemann surfaces after work of Riemann's short-lived student Gustav Roch (1865). It was later generalized to algebraic curves, to higher-dimensional varieties and beyond.

Bernhard Riemann
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (/ˈriːmɑːn/; German: [ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛʁnhaʁt ˈʁiːman] ⓘ; 17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the first rigorous formulation of the integral, the Riemann integral, and his work on Fourier series. His contributions to complex analysis include most notably the introduction of Riemann surfaces, breaking new ground in a natural, geometric treatment of complex analysis. His 1859 paper on the prime-counting function, containing the original statement of the Riemann hypothesis, is regarded as a foundational paper of analytic number theory. Through his pioneering contributions to differential geometry, Riemann laid the foundations of the mathematics of general relativity. He is considered by many to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Tsugaru Tsuguakira
Count Tsugaru Tsuguakira (津軽 承昭, September 7, 1840 – July 19, 1916)  was the 12th and final daimyō of Hirosaki Domain in northern Mutsu Province, Honshū, Japan (modern-day Aomori Prefecture). His courtesy title was Tosa-no-kami, which was later upgraded to Etchū-no-kami and Jiju, and his Court rank under the Tokugawa shogunate was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.

Hirosaki Domain
Hirosaki Domain (弘前藩, Hirosaki-han), also known as Tsugaru Domain (津軽藩, Tsugaru-han), was a tozama feudal domain of Edo period Japan   It is located in Mutsu Province, in northern Honshū. The domain was centered at Hirosaki Castle, located in the center of what is now the city of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture. It was ruled by the Tsugaru clan. A branch of the family ruled the adjoining Kuroishi Domain.
Third order
The term third order signifies, in general, lay members of Christian religious orders, who do not normally live in a religious community such as a monastery and yet can claim the right to wear the religious habit and participate in the good works of a great order. Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism all recognize third orders.

Third orders were a 12th-century adaptation of the medieval monastic confraternities. Members of third orders are known as tertiaries (Latin tertiarii, from tertius, "third"). In some cases, they may belong to a religious institute (a "congregation") that is called a "third order regular".

Roman Catholic canon law states:

Associations whose members share in the spirit of some religious institute while in secular life, lead an apostolic life, and strive for Christian perfection under the higher direction of the same institute are called third orders or some other appropriate name.

Servite Order
The Servite Order, officially known as the Order of Servants of Mary (Latin: Ordo Servorum Beatae Mariae Virginis; abbreviated OSM), is one of the five original mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. Started by the Seven Holy Founders in 1233, it includes several branches of friars (priests and brothers), contemplative nuns, a congregation of religious sisters, and lay groups. The order's objectives are the sanctification of its members, the preaching of the Gospel, and the propagation of devotion to the Mother of God, with special reference to her sorrows.
Thavarina Thottilu
Thavarina Thottilu (transl. The cradle of home) is a 1996 Indian Kannada-language drama film directed by S. Narayan and written by Ajay Kumar. The film cast includes Ramkumar, Charan Raj and Shruti. The film was produced by Narayan's home production while the original score and soundtrack were composed by Rajesh Ramanath. The film was remade in Tamil as Annan Thangachi directed by actor Charanraj who reprised his role along with Shruti.

Annan Thangachi
Annan Thangachi (transl. Elder brother, younger sister) is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Charan Raj. The film stars himself and Shruthi, while Ajay, Janagaraj, Pandu, Thalaivasal Vijay, Indhu, Vadivukkarasi, Ajay Rathnam, and K. R. Vatsala play supporting roles. It was released  on 7 May 1999. The film was a remake of the Kannada film Thavarina Thottilu, also starring Charan Raj and Shruthi.
Orbital (band)
Orbital are an English electronic music duo from Dunton Green, Kent, England, consisting of brothers Phil and Paul Hartnoll. The band's name is taken from Greater London's orbital motorway, the M25, which was central to the early rave scene during the early days of acid house. Additionally, the cover art on three of their albums showcase stylised atomic orbitals. Orbital have been critically and commercially successful, known particularly for their live improvisation during shows.

Orbital (1991 album)
Orbital (also known as Orbital 1 or the Green Album) is the debut studio album by English electronic music duo Orbital, released on 30 September 1991 by FFRR Records. Orbital self-titled their first two albums so the "Green Album" is an unofficial name to distinguish it from the second album. The Mutations EP refers to the album as L.P. C.D. M.C., thus titling the album after the "LP" / "CD" / "MC" on the front cover of the respective format.
Saline County, Arkansas
Saline County (/səˈliːn/ sə-LEEN) is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 123,416.  Its county seat and largest city is Benton. Saline County was formed on November 2, 1835, and named for the salt water (brine) springs in the area, despite a differing pronunciation from saline. Until November 2014, it was an alcohol prohibition or dry county.

Saline County is included in the Central Arkansas region.

Central Arkansas
Central Arkansas, also known as the Little Rock metro, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the most populous metro area in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With an estimated 2020 population of 748,031, it is the most populated area in Arkansas. Located at the convergence of Arkansas's other geographic regions, the region's central location make Central Arkansas an important population, economic, education, and political center in Arkansas and the South. Little Rock is the state's capital and largest city, and the city is also home to two Fortune 500 companies, Arkansas Children's Hospital, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS).
Epidelaxia falciformis
Epidelaxia falciformis is a species of spider belonging to the genus Epidelaxia. It was described from the state of Kerala in India. The species name refers to the sickle shaped embolus tip of this spider.

Epidelaxia
Epidelaxia is a genus of Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902. Once considered completely endemic to Sri Lanka, additional species were discovered from Philippines in 2016  and from India in 2025
Paranormal subgroup
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a paranormal subgroup is a subgroup such that the subgroup generated by it and any conjugate of it, is also generated by it and a conjugate of it within that subgroup.

In symbols,  is paranormal in  if given any  in , the subgroup  generated by  and  is also equal to . Equivalently, a subgroup is paranormal if its weak closure and normal closure coincide in all intermediate subgroups.

Here are some facts relating paranormality to other subgroup properties:

Every pronormal subgroup, and hence, every normal subgroup and every abnormal subgroup, is paranormal.

Every paranormal subgroup is a polynormal subgroup.

In finite solvable groups, every polynormal subgroup is paranormal.

Polynormal subgroup
In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is said to be polynormal if its closure under conjugation by any element of the group can also be achieved via closure by conjugation by some element in the subgroup generated.

In symbols, a subgroup  of a group  is called polynormal if for any  the subgroup  is the same as .

Here are the relationships with other subgroup properties:

Every weakly pronormal subgroup is polynormal.

Every paranormal subgroup is polynormal.
Prophet '08
The Prophet '08 is a polyphonic analog synthesizer released by Dave Smith Instruments (DSI) in 2007. As with DSI's other instruments, the Prophet '08 uses analog subtractive synthesis. Similar in functionality to the renowned Sequential Circuits Prophet-5 popularized in the 1970s (also designed by Dave Smith), the Prophet '08 has an all analog signal path; however its envelopes are generated digitally.

In 2017, the Prophet '08 was superseded by the Prophet Rev2, which is available in 8-voice and 16-voice versions as well as keyboard and module variants. The Prophet Rev2 added waveshape modulation, improved onboard effects, a sub oscillator and a polyphonic sequencer.

Analog synthesizer
An analog synthesizer (British English: analogue synthesiser) is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.

The earliest analog synthesizers in the 1920s and 1930s, such as the Trautonium, were built with a variety of vacuum-tube (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers were built using operational amplifier (op-amp) integrated circuits, and used potentiometers (pots, or variable resistors) to adjust the sound parameters. Analog synthesizers also use low-pass filters and high-pass filters to modify the sound. While 1960s-era analog synthesizers such as the Moog used a number of independent electronic modules connected by patch cables, later analog synthesizers such as the Minimoog integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems.
Orbit (anatomy)
In vertebrate anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated. "Orbit" can refer to the bony socket, or it can also be used to imply the contents. In the adult human, the volume of the orbit is about 28 millilitres (0.99 imp fl oz; 0.95 US fl oz), of which the eye occupies 6.5 ml (0.23 imp fl oz; 0.22 US fl oz). The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.

Orbital septum
In anatomy, the orbital septum (palpebral fascia) is a membranous sheet that acts as the anterior (frontal) boundary of the orbit. It extends from the orbital rims to the eyelids. It forms the fibrous portion of the eyelids.
Operation Lilliput
Operation Lilliput was a convoy operation directed by G.H.Q. Operations Instructions Number 21 of 20 October 1942 for transportation of troops, weapons, and supplies in a regular transport service between Milne Bay and Oro Bay, New Guinea between 18 December 1942 and June 1943 in order "to cover reinforcement, supply, and development of the Buna-Gona area upon its anticipated capture" by the Australian 7th Division and the United States Army's 32d Division. Within six months, the convoys, escorted by Royal Australian Navy corvettes and largely composed of Dutch KPM merchant ships, had delivered 60,000 tons of supplies and 3,802 troops from Milne Bay to Oro Bay. Corvettes provided the majority of the escort force. Losses during Imperial Japanese air attacks amounted to two merchant ships, 's Jacob and Van Heemskerk, sunk and two badly damaged while several of the corvettes also sustained damage and casualties.

Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij
Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM, Dutch for Royal Packet Navigation Company), was a Dutch shipping line in the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia. It traded from 1888 to 1966. It was the dominant inter-island shipping line in the Dutch East Indies in the last half-century of the colonial era.
Union for the Principality
The Union for the Principality (French: Union pour la Principauté, or UP) was a centrist political party in Monaco. It was part of the center-right coalition Horizon Monaco, which won 50.34% of the popular vote, and 20 out of 24 seats in the National Council at the 2013 general election.

Horizon Monaco
Horizon Monaco was the ruling coalition of Monaco after the 2013 Monegasque general election, winning 20 of the 24 available seats in the National Council. The coalition, led by Laurent Nouvion, was composed mostly of the conservative Rally & Issues political party along with Synergie Monegasque and Union for the Principality. However, in 2016, many members defected to a new coalition, "New Majority", which became the new ruling coalition. In the 2018 election, it was transformed into an electoral list, which won two seats. Before 2023, it was represented in the National Council by Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo and Jacques Rit.
TV2 (Algerian TV channel)
TV2 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الثانية), formerly Canal Algérie (French pronunciation: [ka.nal' al.ʒe.ʁi]), English for the Algerian channel, is the second Algerian general public national television channel. The channel is part of the EPTV Group which also includes TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and TV9. The channel broadcasts its programs 24/7 via different platforms and all over the world.

TV7 (Algerian TV channel)
TV7 (in Arabic: الجزائرية السابعة), also known as  El maarifa TV (in Arabic: المعرفة), is the seventh Algerian public national television channel. It is part of the state-owned EPTV group, along with TV1, TV2, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV8 and TV9.  It is an Arab language channel. TV7 is specialized in "distance education".
Kandeliimicrobium
Kandeliimicrobium is a Gram-negative genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae with one known species (Kandeliimicrobium roseum). Kandeliimicrobium roseum has been isolated from rhizospheric soil from the  mangrove Kandelia candel from the Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong.

Rhodobacteraceae
The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of Pseudomonadota in the order Rhodobacterales within the alpha subgroup. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are gram-negative. It contains  chemoorganotrophs and photoheterotrophs. Many occur in aquatic habitats.