hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1976 Spanish political reform referendum
A referendum on political reform was held in Spain on Wednesday, 15 December 1976, to gauge support for either the ratification or repealing of the Political Reform Law which had been approved by the Cortes Españolas on 18 November 1976. The question asked was "Do you approve of the Political Reform Bill?" (Spanish: ¿Aprueba el Proyecto de Ley para la Reforma Política?). The referendum resulted in 97.4% of valid votes in support of the bill on a turnout of 77.7%.

Political Reform Law
The Political Reform Law (Law 1/1977, of 4 January) was the Spanish law that re-established democracy and allowed the elimination of the governmental structures of the dictatorship of Francisco Franco through a legal process. It is one of the key events in the Spanish Transition.

The Act was passed on 18 November 1976, by the Cortes Españolas and then overwhelmingly approved by referendum one month later. It was the last of the Fundamental Laws of the dictatorship.

Six months later, Spain celebrated its first democratic elections since 1936. After a further six months, a new Spanish Constitution was given royal assent. Two days later, the Political Reform Law was repealed when the Constitution came into force.
Yao people (East Africa)
The Yao people are a Bantu ethnic group living at the southern end of Lake Malawi. The Yao are a predominantly Muslim-faith group of about two million, whose homelands encompass the countries of Malawi, Tanzania, and the north of Mozambique.

Niassa Province
13°15′S 36°30′E﻿ / ﻿13.250°S 36.500°E﻿ / -13.250; 36.500

Niassa [ˈnjasɐ]  is a province of Mozambique with an area of 129,056 km2 and a population of 1,810,794 (2017). It is the most sparsely populated province in the country. Lichinga is the capital of the province. There are a minimum estimated 450,000 Yao people living in Mozambique. They largely occupy the eastern and northern part of the Niassa province and form about 40% of the population of Lichinga, the capital of this province.

The Ruvuma River forms much of the northern boundary of the province with Ruvuma Region, Tanzania, while Lake Niassa forms the western border of the province, separating it from Malawi. 75% of the province remains untouched by development, and remains free of landmines. The province shares the Niassa National Reserve with neighboring Cabo Delgado Province.
IMG Academy Bradenton
IMG Academy Bradenton  is an American soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida, United States. Founded in 1998, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.

The team is associated with IMG Academy and the United States Soccer Federation's full-time residency program for the US Under 17 Men's National Team. The team plays its home games in the stadium at IMG Academy, where they have played since 2003. The team's colors are blue, gold and black.

From 2004 to 2008 the team had a sister organization, the Bradenton Athletics, who played in the women's W-League.

Bradenton Athletics
Bradenton Athletics were a professional American women's soccer team based in Bradenton, Florida. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League, then the premier women's soccer league in the United States and Canada, from 2004 to 2008, when they folded. They played in the Atlantic Division of the W-League's Eastern Conference. The head coach from 2004 until its end in 2008 was Derek Leader.

The team was associated with the IMG Soccer Academy, the United States Soccer Federation's full-time youth residency program, which itself is part of the larger IMG Academies organization initiated by tennis coach Nick Bollettieri in 1978. They played their home games at the IMG Soccer Academy's stadium in Bradenton. The team was a sister organization of the men's Bradenton Academics team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Their colors were blue, gold and black.
Olivet Chapel
Olivet Chapel, since 1965 known as the A.U.M.P. affiliated St. John's African Union Methodist Protestant Church, is a historic Presbyterian African American mission chapel located in Goshen in Orange County, New York.  It was built about 1910 and is a load-bearing masonry building with a bluestone foundation and topped by a high hipped roof.  Horace Pippin (1888–1946) was a noted member of the church prior to its moving to Olivet Chapel.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.

African Union Methodist Protestant Church
The African Union Methodist Protestant Church (AUMPC), abbreviated as A.U.M.P. Church, is a Methodist denomination. It was chartered by Peter Spencer (1782–1843) in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1813 as the "Union Church of Africans", where it became known as the "African Union Church".
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung
Andrew Yeom Soo-jung (Korean: 염수정; Hanja: 廉洙政; born 5 December 1943) is a Korean prelate of the Catholic Church who was the Archbishop of Seoul from 2012 to 2021, while also holding the title of Apostolic Administrator of the Diocese of Pyongyang in North Korea. Pope Francis made him a cardinal in 2014. He was also the chairman of Catholic Peace Broadcasting Corporation (CPBC).

Diocese of Pyongyang
The Diocese of Pyongyang is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in North Korea. Its only official bishop, Francis Hong Yong-ho, was imprisoned by the government of the North Korea led by Kim Il-sung in 1949 and later disappeared. The Archbishop of Seoul acts as the Apostolic Administrator for Pyongyang.
Henry Ludwell Moore
Henry Ludwell Moore (November 21, 1869 – April 28, 1958) was an American economist known for his pioneering work in econometrics. Paul Samuelson named Moore (along with Harry Gunnison Brown, Allyn Abbott Young, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Frank Knight, Jacob Viner, and Henry Schultz) as one of the several "American saints in economics" born after 1860.

Allyn Abbott Young
Allyn Abbott Young (September 19, 1876 – March 7, 1929) was an American economist. Over his career, he served as president of the American Statistical Association in 1917 and the American Economic Association in 1925, making him one of the few individuals to lead both organizations. In 1929, Young was president of Section F (Economics) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He died in London at the age of 52 from pneumonia during an influenza epidemic.
Great Neck station
Great Neck is a station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch in the Village of Great Neck Plaza, Nassau County, New York. The station is located at Middle Neck Road (CR 11) and Station Plaza at Great Neck Road, 0.25 miles (0.40 km) north of Northern Boulevard (NY 25A) and 15.9 miles (25.6 km) from Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan. From just east of the station, the line becomes single track to Port Washington.

The Great Neck station is the westernmost stop on the Port Washington Branch in Nassau County.

Port Washington station
Port Washington is the terminus of the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch in Port Washington, New York. The station is located on Main Street, between Haven Avenue and South Bayles Avenue, just west of Port Washington Boulevard (NY 101), and is 19.9 miles (32 km) from Pennsylvania Station in Midtown Manhattan. A pedestrian bridge exists between the platforms, and is in line with Franklin Avenue, ending at Haven Avenue.
Sir Douglas Dixie, 12th Baronet
Sir George Douglas Dixie, 12th Baronet (18 January 1876 – 25 December 1948), known as Sir Douglas Dixie, was the second to last of the Dixie baronets. He served in the Royal Navy and the King's Own Scottish Borderers.

Dixie baronets
The Dixie Baronetcy was created in the Baronetage of England at the time of the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 for Sir Wolstan Dixie (1602–1682), a supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War and afterwards. He was descended from a brother of Sir Wolstan Dixie, the sixteenth century Lord Mayor of London who founded the Dixie Professorship of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Cambridge. Their home was Bosworth Hall near Market Bosworth in Leicestershire. The title became extinct with the death of the thirteenth Baronet, another Sir Wolstan Dixie, in 1975.

Sir Wolstan Dixie of Market Bosworth (1576 – 25 July 1650), great-nephew of the first Sir Wolstan Dixie, and father of the 1st Baronet. Knighted by King James I in 1604, then of Appleby Magna. In 1608 he moved to Market Bosworth and began work on the original manor house and Dixie Grammar School. In 1614 he was High Sheriff of Leicestershire and in 1625 its representative in Parliament.
Philip Percival
Philip Hope Percival (1886–1966) was an English-born renowned white hunter and early safari guide in colonial Kenya. During his career, he guided Theodore Roosevelt, Baron Rothschild, and Ernest Hemingway on African hunts. Hemingway modelled the fictional hunter Robert Wilson in his story "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" after Percival. Percival also worked with well-known white hunters like Bror von Blixen-Finecke and mentored Sydney Downey and Harry Selby, and was known in African hunting circles as the "Dean of Hunters".

Sydney Downey
Sydney Downey was a British-Kenyan professional white hunter and safari pioneer.  Always known as Syd, he learned the trade of guiding safari hunts from an older generation of professional hunters, including his early mentor Philip Percival.  He   teamed up with Donald Ker to create Ker and Downey Safaris Ltd., a company that was at the forefront of the move away from hunting and towards photographic safaris.
Vahlkampfiidae
Vahlkampfiidae is a family of Heterolobosea.

It includes the following genera:

Tetramitus

Vahlkampfia

It formerly included the following genera:

Willaertia (moved to Naegleriidae)

Monopylocystis (moved to Psalteriomonadidae)

Naegleria (moved to Naegleriidae)

Paravahlkampfia (not assigned to family as of 2025)

Psalteriomonas (moved to Psalteriomonadidae)

Sawyeria (synonymized with Psalteriomonas)

Willaertia
Willaertia /ˈwɪləɹʃə/ is a genus of non-pathogenic, free-living, thermophilic amoebae in the family Vahlkampfiidae.

Originally discovered in 1984 by Johan De Jonckheere, their life cycle, like that of other heteroloboseans, has been found to alternate between three distinct stages: a cyst, amoeba, and temporary flagellated stage. Willaertia live in a variety of environments and in recent years have been researched as a possible biocontrol agent against Legionella pneumophila.
Rujeko
20°05′11″S 30°50′26″E﻿ / ﻿20.08639°S 30.84056°E﻿ / -20.08639; 30.84056

Rujeko is a suburb of Masvingo in south-eastern Zimbabwe. It is the second largest high density suburb, located south east of Masvingo.

There are two masvingo city run primary schools in Rujeko, Rujeko and Shakashe Primary Schools. Rujeko is divided into three, Rujeko A, B and C.

Masvingo
Masvingo, formerly known as Fort Victoria, is a city in southeastern Zimbabwe and the capital of Masvingo Province. The city lies close to Great Zimbabwe, the national monument from which the country takes its name and close to Lake Mutirikwi, its recreational park, the Kyle dam and the Kyle National Reserve that is home to a range of animal species. It is mostly populated by the Karanga people who form the biggest branch of the various Shona tribes in Zimbabwe.
Shyuvr
The shyuvr or shuvyr (chiabour in French sources, Russian: Шувыр) is a type of bagpipe of the Mari people, a Volga-Finnic people living in the Mari El Republic of central-western Russia. It is described as small bagpipe, consisting of a bag, a bone blowpipe, and two tubes of tin joined by a wooden sheath. The pipe is almost always played with the tumyr, a Mari drum.

An 1892 French work noted that the Mari had developed three instruments: a cithare (zither or cittern), bagpipe, and drum. A later English work makes a similar statement, saying that the Mari have two instruments unique to their culture: the kusle mult-stringed zither, and the shyuvr bagpipe.

Mari people
The Mari (/ˈmɑːri/ MAR-ee), also formerly known as the Cheremis or Cheremisses, are a Finno-Ugric people in Eastern Europe, who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia. They live mostly in the Mari El republic, with significant minorities in Bashkortostan, Perm Krai, Tatarstan and Udmurtia. Mari make up 40.1% of the population of Mari El.
Liberty Square (Miami)
Liberty Square, often referred to as the Pork & Beans, is a 753-unit Miami-Dade public housing apartment complex in the Liberty City neighborhood of Miami, Florida. It is bordered at Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard/North 62nd Street to the south, North 67th Street to the north, State Road 933 (Northwest 12th Avenue) to the east, and Northwest 15th Avenue to the west. Constructed as a part of the New Deal by the Public Works Administration and opening in 1937, it was the first public housing project for African Americans in the Southern United States. It is featured in the 2023 documentary film, Razing Liberty Square.

Liberty City (Miami)
Liberty City is a predominantly African American neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States.  The area is roughly bound by NW 79th Street to the north, NW 27th Avenue to the west, the Airport Expressway to the South, and Interstate 95 to the east. The neighborhood is home to one of the largest concentrations of African Americans in South Florida, as of the 2000 census. Although it was often known as "Model City" both historically and by the City of Miami government, residents more commonly call it Liberty City.

It is serviced by the Miami Metrorail at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza and Brownsville stations along NW 27th Avenue.
Icelandic Shooting Sports Federation
The Icelandic Shooting Sports Federation (Skotíþróttasamband Íslands) is an organization on Iceland for sport shooting with pistol, rifle and shotgun. The federation was founded on 1979 February 16, and is internationally affiliated with the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), European Shooting Confederation (ESC), Nordic Shooting Region (NSR) and World Benchrest Shooting Federation (WBSF).

Nordic Shooting Region
The Nordic Shooting Region (NSR), established in 1921, is a union of some of the shooting associations from Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. NSR hosts Nordic championships for some of the ISSF disciplines within pistol, rifle, clay shooting and running target, in addition to some own Nordic disciplines.
William Crompton-Stansfield
William Rookes Crompton-Stansfield DL (3 August 1790 – 5 December 1871) of Esholt Hall, Yorkshire, and Frimley Park, Surrey, was a British landowner and Whig politician who was MP for Huddersfield, Yorkshire, from 1837 to 1853.

Hamer Stansfeld
Hamer Stansfeld JP (/ˈstænsfiːld/ STANSS-feeld; 17 February 1797 – 1865) was a British merchant and Radical and Liberal politician who represented Leeds as Mayor (1843–44) and Alderman (from 1835), and led the development of the first custom-built hydropathic hotel, the Ben Rhydding Hydro (1844).

Prominent in the Anti-Corn Law League and as a proponent of the extension of the electoral franchise and state-funded education, he was also known for his writings on currency and money supply and for a dispute, played out in the local press, with the High Churchman and Tractarian Walter Hook, Vicar of Leeds.
Software rot
Software rot (bit rot, code rot, software erosion, software decay, or software entropy) is the degradation, deterioration, or loss of the use or performance of software over time.

The Jargon File, a compendium of hacker lore, defines "bit rot" as a jocular explanation for the degradation of a software program over time even if "nothing has changed"; the idea behind this is almost as if the bits that make up the program were subject to radioactive decay.

Software bug
A software bug is a defect (bug) in computer software. A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy.

The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing).

In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product".

Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to detect or auto-correct various software errors during operations.
Department of Municipal Affairs (New Brunswick)
The Department of Municipal Affairs was a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It was charged with the planning and supervision of local government in New Brunswick. From 1938 to 1954, this ministry was combined with Education. In 1986, the department became the Department of Municipal Affairs and Environment; the department was renamed back to the original name in 1989. In 1991, the department's functions were assumed by the new Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing.

Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing (New Brunswick)
The Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing  was a part of the Government of New Brunswick.  It was charged with the planning and supervision of local government and the development and administration of programs in support of affordable housing, home ownership and the enhancement of community life in New Brunswick. This department took over the functions of the former Department of Municipal Affairs in 1991. In 1998, most of the department's functions were transferred to the new Department of Municipalities and Housing.
Gregg County, Texas
Gregg County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 124,239. Its county seat is Longview. The county is named after John Gregg, a Confederate general killed in action during the American Civil War.

Gregg County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan area and the Longview–Marshall, Texas combined statistical area. Discovery of oil near Kilgore in October 1930 was the beginning of an oil boom that attracted workers to the county and expanded the population by more than 500% by 1940, according to the census. By that time, the economy had stabilized, but the East Texas Oil Field, extending into five counties, has continued to be important to the county and region's economy.

Upshur County, Texas
Upshur County is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 40,892. The county seat is Gilmer. The county is named for Abel P. Upshur, who was U.S. secretary of state during President John Tyler's administration.

Upshur County is part of the Longview, Texas metropolitan statistical area, and the Longview–Marshall, combined statistical area.
Andrezé
Andrezé (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃dʁəze] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

On 15 December 2015, Andrezé, Beaupréau, La Chapelle-du-Genêt, Gesté, Jallais, La Jubaudière, Le Pin-en-Mauges, La Poitevinière, Saint-Philbert-en-Mauges and Villedieu-la-Blouère merged becoming one commune called Beaupréau-en-Mauges.

Villedieu-la-Blouère
Villedieu-la-Blouère (French pronunciation: [vildjø la bluɛʁ] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. Its population was 2,520 in 2022.

On 15 December 2015, Andrezé, Beaupréau, La Chapelle-du-Genêt, Gesté, Jallais, La Jubaudière, Le Pin-en-Mauges, La Poitevinière, Saint-Philbert-en-Mauges and Villedieu-la-Blouère merged becoming one commune called Beaupréau-en-Mauges.
Flydubai Flight 981
Flydubai Flight 981 (FZ981/FDB981) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to Rostov-on-Don, Russia. On 19 March 2016, the Boeing 737-800 aircraft operating the flight crashed during a go-around, killing all 62 passengers and crew on board.

The flight occurred at night and the weather at Rostov-on-Don was poor. Flight 981 aborted its first landing attempt and entered a holding pattern for nearly two hours before making a second landing attempt. After aborting the second attempt, the aircraft climbed sharply during the go-around procedure and then descended rapidly and crashed onto the runway.

Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don, or simply Rostov, is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural, educational, economic and logistical centre of Southern Russia.
Abubakr Ibrahim Chehem
Emir Abubakr Ibrahim Chehem (Afar: Obakar Arbahim Sehim, Turkish: Ebûbekir Efendi Paşa; c. 1810 – 6 December 1885) was an Ottoman-Afar statesman, wealthy merchant, and slave-trader who served twice as the Pasha of Ottoman Zeila, first serving from 1855 to 1857 and again from 1861 to 1874, until the Egyptian invasion of Harar. During his first term, his rival Sharmake Ali Saleh accused him of embezzling funds from the customs office, leading to his arrest and an eight-month imprisonment. This incident resulted in his removal from office. He was eventually freed through the intervention of Henri Lambert, the French consul at Aden. After the Egyptian takeover in 1874, he continued to serve as the provincial governor of Zeila under the Khedivate’s administration until their withdrawal in 1884.

Khedivate's Somali Coast
Khedivate's Somali Coast was a short-lived dominion of the Khedivate of Egypt over a few ports of the northern Somali coast. It came about when in 1874 Isma'il Pasha ordered the dispatch of two warships and three Khedival ships of the line towards the northern Somali coast.
2015 International Criminal Court judges election
A special election for one judge of the International Criminal Court was held during the resumption of the 13th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court which took place in The Hague from 24 to 25 June 2015.

The election became necessary after one judge elected in the 2011 election was unavailable: Miriam Defensor-Santiago had resigned from the bench on 3 June 2014.

Judges of the International Criminal Court
The eighteen judges of the International Criminal Court (ICC) are elected for nine-year terms by the member-countries of the court. Candidates must be nationals of those countries and they must "possess the qualifications required in their respective States for appointment to the highest judicial offices".

A judge may be disqualified from "any case in which his or her impartiality might reasonably be doubted on any ground", and a judge may be removed from office if found "to have committed serious misconduct or a serious breach of his or her duties" or is unable to exercise his or her functions.

The judges are organized into three divisions: the Pre-Trial Division, Trial Division, and Appeals Division.
Flaming Doctor Pepper
A Flaming Doctor Pepper, or Flaming Dr Pepper, is a flaming cocktail with taste similar to the soft drink Dr Pepper, despite Dr Pepper not being one of its ingredients. Dave Brinks of the Gold Mine Saloon lays claim to inventing the drink.

Flaming drink
A flaming drink is a cocktail or other mixed drink that contains flammable, high-proof alcohol, which is ignited before consumption. The alcohol may be an integral part of the drink, or it may be floated as a thin layer across the top of the drink. The flames are mostly for dramatic flair. However, in combination with certain ingredients, the flavor of the drink is altered. Some flavors are enhanced, and the process may impart a toasted flavor to some drinks.