hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shumerlinsky District
Shumerlinsky District  (Russian: Шу́мерлинский райо́н; Chuvash: Ҫӗмӗрле районӗ, Śĕmĕrle rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Alikovsky and Krasnochetaysky Districts in the north, Vurnarsky District in the east, Ibresinsky and Poretsky Districts in the south, and with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast on the Sura River in the west. The area of the district is 1,047.6 square kilometers (404.5 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shumerlya (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 10,765 (2010 census); 13,298 (2002 Census); 16,187 (1989 Soviet census).

Ibresinsky District
Ibresinsky District (Russian: Ибре́синский райо́н; Chuvash: Йĕпреç районӗ, Yĕpreś rayonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the southern central part of the republic and borders with Vurnarsky and Kanashsky Districts in the north, Komsomolsky District in the east, Batyrevsky and Alatyrsky Districts in the south, and with Shumerlinsky and Poretsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 1,201.2 square kilometers (463.8 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Ibresi. Population:  26,192 (2010 Census); 28,377 (2002 Census); 28,471 (1989 Soviet census).
Diocese of Legnica
The Diocese of Legnica (Latin: Dioecesis Legnicensis) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Legnica in the ecclesiastical province of Wrocław in Poland. According to the Catholic Church statistics 30.1% of the population attended a church every Sunday and holy obligation day or more often in 2013.

Archdiocese of Wrocław
The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Polish: Archidiecezja wrocławska; German: Erzbistum Breslau; Czech: Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Latin: Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church centered in the city of Wrocław in Poland. From its founding as a bishopric in 1000 until 1821, it was under the Archbishopric of Gniezno in Greater Poland. From 1821 to 1930 it was subjected directly to the Apostolic See. Between 1821 and 1972 it was officially known as (Arch)Diocese of Breslau.
Up Popped the Two Lips
Up Popped the Two Lips is an album by Henry Threadgill featuring seven of Threadgill's compositions performed by Threadgill's Zooid. The album was the second album on the Pi Records label and was released simultaneously with Everybodys Mouth's a Book by Threadgill & Make a Move in 2001.

Pi Recordings
Pi Recordings is a jazz record label founded by Seth Rosner in 2001. He was soon joined as partner by Yulun Wang. Pi specializes in avant-garde jazz. Its first two albums were by Henry Threadgill.

Pi's roster includes Amir ElSaffar, Anthony Braxton, Corey Wilkes, James Blood Ulmer, Leroy Jenkins, Liberty Ellman, Marc Ribot, Muhal Richard Abrams, Roscoe Mitchell, Rudresh Mahanthappa, Steve Lehman, Art Ensemble of Chicago, Steve Coleman, Vijay Iyer, and Wadada Leo Smith.

In its first twenty years, Pi released fewer than a hundred recordings. In 2021, DownBeat wrote that "Pi releases rigorous, pathbreaking music that stretches the boundaries of jazz while honoring its history."
WDEZ
WDEZ (101.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, the station serves the Wausau-Stevens Point area.   The station is currently owned by Midwest Communications. The station is also broadcast on HD radio.

Midwest Communications
Midwest Communications, Inc. is a Wausau, Wisconsin–based radio broadcasting company. It owns 82 radio stations located primarily within the Midwest United States, in Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, Illinois and Wisconsin. The company is a family-owned business and is headed by the Wright family.
Bell Media Tower
The Bell Media Tower (Tour Bell Média) is a skyscraper in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Located at 1800 McGill College Avenue, it was built for the Montreal Trust Company, and shared the name Place Montreal Trust with the adjoining mall. It stands 125 m (410 ft) and 30 storeys tall. It was originally owned by Cadillac Fairview but is now owned by Ivanhoe Cambridge. The main tenant was Astral Media, which had its corporate headquarters in the building along with several of its French-speaking television stations. In 2013, Bell acquired Astral Media, changing the tower's name to Bell Media Tower when it became regional offices for Bell Media.

McGill College Avenue
McGill College Avenue (officially in French: avenue McGill College) is a street in downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Named for McGill University, the street was widened in the 1980s and transformed into a scenic avenue with McGill's Roddick Gates on Sherbrooke Street at its north end and the Place Ville Marie plaza at its south end.
U.S. Route 41
U.S. Route 41, also U.S. Highway 41 (US 41), is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Until 1949, the part in southern Florida, from Naples to Miami, was US 94. The highway's southern terminus is in the Brickell neighborhood of Downtown Miami at an intersection with Brickell Avenue (US 1), and its northern terminus is east of Copper Harbor, Michigan, at a modest cul-de-sac near Fort Wilkins Historic State Park at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. US 41 is closely paralleled by Interstate 75 (I-75) from Naples, Florida, all the way through Georgia to Chattanooga, Tennessee.

U.S. Route 129
U.S. Route 129 (US 129) is an auxiliary route of US 29, which it intersects in Athens, Georgia. US 129 currently runs for 582 miles (937 km) from an intersection with US 19/US 27 ALT/US 98 in Chiefland, Florida, to an interchange with Interstate 40 (I-40) in Knoxville, Tennessee. It passes through the states of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. It goes through the cities of Macon, Athens, Gainesville, and Knoxville.

The first 11 miles of US 129 in Tennessee, from Deals Gap on the North Carolina–Tennessee state line to the southern terminus of the Foothills Parkway, is known as The Tail of the Dragon from its winding course. It is a popular motorcycle and sports car destination. This segment is claimed by locals to have 318 curves in 11 miles, although the true number of curves is lower.
Zakuski
Zakuski (Russian: закуски, [zɐˈkuskʲɪ]; sg. закуска, zakuska) is the term for an assortment of cold hors d'oeuvres, entrées and snacks in Russian food culture. They are considered to be an integral part of any Russian festive meal, as well as often everyday meals.

Hors d'oeuvre
An hors d'oeuvre (/ɔːr ˈdɜːrv(rə)/ or DURV(-rə); French: hors-d'œuvre [ɔʁ dœvʁ(ə)] ⓘ), appetiser, appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine. Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold, others hot. Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal, or they may be served before seating, such as at a reception or cocktail party. Formerly, hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses.

Typically smaller than a main dish, an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand. Hors d'oeuvre are typically served at parties as a small "snack" before a main course.
Josephine C. Lawney
Josephine Carrier Lawney (April 29, 1881 – February 27, 1962) was an American physician, college administrator, and Baptist medical missionary in China. She was dean of the Women's Christian Medical College in Shanghai.

Readsboro, Vermont
Readsboro is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. The town was named after John Reade, a landholder. The population was 702 at the 2020 census. The hamlet of Heartwellville is in the northern part of Readsboro, approximately 5 miles (8 km) north on Route 100 from the hamlet of Readsboro.

The Readsboro census-designated place consists of the town center and had a population of 297 at the 2020 census.
Lausanne railway station
Lausanne railway station (French: Gare de Lausanne) is the main intercity and regional railway station for the city of Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland. It is often known as Lausanne CFF to distinguish it from others in the town.

St-Maurice railway station
St-Maurice railway station (French: Gare de St-Maurice, German: Bahnhof St-Maurice) is a railway station in the municipality of Saint-Maurice, in the Swiss canton of Valais. It is an intermediate stop on the Simplon line and the terminus of the Saint-Gingolph–Saint-Maurice line.
Auricularia cornea
Auricularia cornea, also known as cloud ear, is a species of fungus in the order Auriculariales. It is commercially cultivated in China, being a popular ingredient in many Chinese dishes and used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Auriculariales
The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the "heterobasidiomycetes" or "jelly fungi", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several Auricularia species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China.
Midland–Odessa shootings
On August 31, 2019, a spree shooting occurred in the West Texas cities of Midland and Odessa, involving a gunman shooting multiple people from a vehicle. Eight people were killed, including the perpetrator, and twenty-five people were injured, including three police officers. It was the third major mass shooting to take place in the United States in August 2019, following the El Paso Walmart shooting and the Dayton shooting (both of which took place 13 hours apart).

Authorities identified the shooter as 36-year-old Seth Aaron Ator from Lorena, Texas, a man who had been fired from his job the morning of the shooting spree. He was later shot and killed by police outside a movie theater in Odessa.

Odessa, Texas
Odessa (/ˌoʊˈdɛsə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Ector County in West Texas, with portions extending into Midland County. The population was 114,428 at the 2020 census, making it the 34th-most populous city in Texas. It is the principal city of the Odessa metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Ector County. The metropolitan area is also a component of the larger Midland–Odessa combined statistical area, which had 359,001 residents in 2020.

The city is famous for being featured in the book Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream, and the movie adaptation, Friday Night Lights. The University of Texas Permian Basin is located in the city and enrolls over 5,000 students. In 1948, Odessa was also the home of First Lady Barbara Bush, and the one-time home of former U.S. presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush. Former President George H. W. Bush has been quoted as saying, "At Odessa we became Texans and proud of it."
Halušky
Halušky are a traditional variety of thick, soft noodles or dumplings found in many Central and Eastern European cuisines under various local names.

In Hungary it is very popular to put it in paprikash. It is also eaten with cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese, egg custard, semolina and butter all throughout the country, while in Slovakia it is eaten with sheep's cheese and bacon or spinach.

The term halušky can refer to the dumplings themselves, or to a complete dish containing other ingredients. Typically the dish described is noodles with sauteed cabbage and onions. Bryndzové halušky, which combines the noodles with a soft sheep's cheese, is one of the national dishes of Slovakia. In certain regions of the Antalya Province in South Turkey, holuşka is made with larger dumplings than its counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe.

A haluskar is a kitchen utensil used to drop batter into stock to create the noodles.

Dumpling
Dumplings are a broad class of dishes that consist of pieces of cooked dough (made from a variety of starchy sources), often wrapped around a filling. The dough can be based on bread, wheat or other flours, or potatoes, and it may be filled with meat, fish, tofu, cheese, vegetables, or a combination. Dumplings may be prepared using a variety of cooking methods and are found in many world cuisines.

One of the earliest mentions of dumplings comes from the Chinese scholar Shu Xi who mentions them in a fu poem 1,700 years ago. In addition, archaeologically preserved dumplings have been found in Turfan, Xinjiang, China dating back over 1,000 years.
Westport, Connecticut
Westport is a town in the Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Located in the Gold Coast along the Long Island Sound, it is 48 miles (77 km) northeast of New York City and is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.

Westport station (Metro-North)
Westport station (also known as Saugatuck station) is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line, located in Westport, Connecticut. It is located in the center of the Saugatuck section of town, a few miles south of downtown Westport, and is one of two stations serving Westport. The station was named Westport & Saugatuck in timetables of the New Haven Railroad and the early years of its corporate successor, Penn Central.
Shin-Ishikiri Station
Shin-Ishikiri Station (新石切駅, Shin-Ishikiri-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Higashiōsaka,  Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway.

Higashiōsaka
Higashiōsaka (東大阪市, Higashiōsaka-shi; literally "East Osaka City") is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 July 2023, the city had an estimated population of 486,464 in 233,124 households and a population density of 7,874 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi). The city is known as one of the industrial cities of Japan and "the rugby football town".
Diocese of Crookston
The Diocese of Crookston (Latin: Diœcesis Crookstoniensis) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in northwestern Minnesota in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. Its mother church is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Crookston. As of 2024, the bishop is Andrew Cozzens.

Kenneth Joseph Povish
Kenneth Joseph Povish (April 19, 1924 – September 5, 2003) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Crookston in Minnesota from 1970 to 1975 and as bishop of the Diocese of Lansing in Michigan from 1975 to 1995.
Palacio de Carondelet
Carondelet Palace (Spanish: Palacio de Carondelet) is the seat of government of the Republic of Ecuador, located in Quito. Access is by the public space known as Independence Square or Plaza Grande (colloquial name), around which are also the Archbishop's Palace, Municipal Palace, Hotel Plaza Grande, and Metropolitan Cathedral.

Palace of Pizarro, Quito
Hotel Plaza Grande is a five-star luxury hotel in the historic centre of Quito, Ecuador. The hotel is located next to the Carondelet Palace and the Archbishop's Palace and faces the Old Town's eponymous central plaza, Plaza de la Independencia. It is located in a restored Spanish colonial mansion, which formerly belonged to one of the earliest colonial inhabitants of Quito, Juan Diaz de Hidalgo.
David W. Bagley
David Worth Bagley (January 8, 1883 – May 24, 1960) was an admiral in the United States Navy during World War II. He was also the brother of Ensign Worth Bagley, the only United States Navy officer killed in action during the Spanish–American War, and the father of Admirals David H. Bagley and Worth H. Bagley, and CIA officer Tennent H. Bagley.

Tennent H. Bagley
Tennent Harrington "Pete" Bagley (November 11, 1925 – February 20, 2014) was a CIA operations and counterintelligence officer who worked against the KGB during the Cold War. He is best known for having been, from June 1962 to August 1967, the principal case officer and interrogator of controversial KGB defector Yuri Nosenko, who claimed a couple of months after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy that the KGB had nothing to do with the accused assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, during the two-and-a-half years he lived in the USSR.
Vazirovs
Vazirovs or Vezirovs (Azerbaijani: Vəzirovlar) are an Azerbaijani noble family from Karabakh and a part of Javanshir clan. Vazirov or Vezirov is a Russified version of the word vizier. First person to adopt the surname was Azerbaijani historian and later Imperial Russian army officer Mirza Jamal Javanshir, who was a vizier of Ibrahim Khalil Khan and Mehdigulu Khan of Karabakh.

Zeynal bey Vazirov
Zeynal bey Vazirov (Azerbaijani: Zeynal bəy Mirzə Həmid bəy oğlu Vəzirov; b. 1854, Shusha, Shemakha Governorate, Russian Empire - d. 1933, Baku, Azerbaijani SSR) was a public figure and member of the parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
Union Vale, New York
Union Vale is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 4,558 at the 2020 census.

The town is in the south-central part of the county. It is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The town is 15 miles (24 km) east of the city of Poughkeepsie and 70 miles (110 km) north of New York City.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Diamond Head (British band)
Diamond Head are an English heavy metal band formed in Stourbridge, West Midlands, in 1976. They were part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement and are cited by bands such as Metallica and Megadeth as a significant early influence. The original members were schoolfriends Brian Tatler (guitarist) and Duncan Scott (drummer), who were joined by singer Sean Harris in the same year, and bass player Collin Kimberley in 1978.

Lightning to the Nations
Lightning to the Nations (also known as The White Album) is the debut album by British heavy metal band Diamond Head. The album was recorded in 1980 (after the 1977 and 1979 demos) and released later that year through Happy Face Records, a label owned by the producer Muff Murfin of The Old Smithy studio of Worcester, due to lack of interest from major labels and the band feeling that they needed to get the ball rolling as other bands from the same era, such as Iron Maiden and Def Leppard, were already becoming big names.

It was originally released in a plain white sleeve with no title or track listing, and was subsequently named after the first track on the album. Metal Blade Records re-released it on CD in 1992. In 2001, it was re-issued in its original "White Album" form by Sanctuary Records, featuring seven bonus tracks that were featured on singles and EPs from this era.
Cham Tau Chau
Cham Tau Chau (Chinese: 枕頭洲) is a small uninhabited island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it belongs to the Sai Kung District. It lies within the Inner Port Shelter, south of Sai Kung Peninsula, north of Sharp Island and Tai Tsan Chau (大鏟洲). Cham Tau Chau has a coastline of 0.8 kilometres.

Port Shelter
Port Shelter, known in Cantonese as Ngau Mei Hoi (Chinese: 牛尾海; Jyutping: ngau4 mei5 hoi2; Cantonese Yale: ngàuh méih hói), is a harbour south of Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong. The water body connects to Inner Port Shelter (known in Cantonese as Sai Kung Hoi; Chinese: 西貢海; Jyutping: sai1 gung3 hoi2; Cantonese Yale: sāi gung hói), as well as Hebe Haven (白沙灣), Rocky Harbour (糧船灣海) and other water body. Outer Port Shelter, is situated at the mouth of the harbour.
Ymamnazar
Ymamnazar (also Ymam Nazar, Imamnazar) is a remote settlement in Turkmenistan's Lebap province. It is situated immediately adjacent to Turkmenistan's southern border with Afghanistan, opposite to Aqina. The nearest city in Turkmenistan is Kerki.

In 2007, an international border crossing point was opened in Ymamnazar, making it one of two international border crossings on the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan border, the other being Serhetabat-Torghundi. The border crossing is officially called "Saparmurat", after Saparmurat "Turkmenbashy" Niyazov, the first president of Turkmenistan.

There are basic transshipment facilities here, including a small oil terminal for shipping Turkmen hydrocarbons onward into Afghanistan.

Rail transport in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan has 4,980 kilometres (3,090 mi) of railways (37th largest in the world). The railway operator is the state-owned company Türkmendemirýollary (Turkmen Railways). The company belongs to the Ministry of Railways of Turkmenistan.
Turkmenistan is currently expanding its rail system to cover 5,256.25 kilometres (3,266.08 mi) more distance, which will take its network to 10,236.25 kilometres (6,360.51 mi) track kilometres by 2025.
Biri, Norway
Biri is a village in Gjøvik Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the western shore of the lake Mjøsa, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town of Gjøvik. The Norwegian National Road 4 highway runs through the village which is near the Mjøsa Bridge about halfway between the towns of Lillehammer and Gjøvik.

The 2.08-square-kilometre (510-acre) village has a population (2024) of 1,666 and a population density of 801 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,070/sq mi).

Norwegian National Road 4
Norwegian National Road 4 (Norwegian: Riksvei 4, Rv4) is a national road in Norway which is the main route north from the capital city of Oslo to the junction with the European route E6 highway at the village of Biri in Gjøvik Municipality. The road runs through Nittedal, Hadeland, and Toten to its terminus on the shore of the lake Mjøsa. In 2021, the government began studying ways to improve the road to allieviate traffic problems.
Dispersed settlement
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world.  Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. A dispersed settlement contrasts with a nucleated village.

The French term bocage is sometimes used to describe the type of landscape found where dispersed settlements are common.

In addition to Western Europe, dispersed patterns of settlement are found in parts of Papua New Guinea, as among the Gainj, Ankave, and Baining tribes. It is also frequently met with in nomadic pastoral societies.
In Ghana, Kumbyili in the northern region is also an example of a dispersed settlement

Landscape history
Landscape history is the study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the environment – both present and past. It is sometimes referred to as landscape archaeology. It was first recognised as a separate area of study during the 20th century and uses evidence and approaches from other disciplines including archaeology, architecture, ecology, aerial photography, rephotography, local history and historical geography.