hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chemperi
Chemperi is a town on the bank of the Chemperi River, in the Western Ghat, in the Kannur district of South India. It is characterized by its production and export of rubber and spices, its beautiful hillocks, and its serene streams. Village and Panchayath of Chemperi is Eruvessi. Both Panchayath and Village offices of Eruvessi are located in Chemperi. Also Lourde Matha Basilica, Chemperi is another attraction. Paithalmala and Palakkayam Thattu is also a few kilometres away.

Naduvil and Kudianmala
Naduvil is a small town  in Kannur district in the Indian State of Kerala. The town is the headquarters of Naduvil Grama panchayat.

Paithalmala is a hill station and tourist attraction near Kudiyanmala and Naduvil. Paithalmala is located at the border of Kerala and Karnataka. The Kodagu district of Karnataka is at the eastern side of Paithalmala.

It was one of the major centers of Syrian Christian migration (Malabar migration). Migration of mainly Syrian Christian families to Kudiyanmala started in the 1950s and continued until the 1970s.
David Dudley Field II
David Dudley Field II (February 13, 1805 – April 13, 1894) was an American lawyer and law reformer who made major contributions to the development of American civil procedure. His greatest accomplishment was engineering the move away from common law pleading towards code pleading, which culminated in the enactment of the Field Code in 1850 by the state of New York.

In 1877, he also served briefly as a U.S. representative from New York's 7th congressional district.

Henry Martyn Field (minister)
Henry Martyn Field (April 3, 1822 – January 26, 1907) was an American author and clergyman. He was the publisher and editor of The Evangelist for 44 years. He traveled extensively and his travel books were unusually popular.

Field married Henriette Deluzy-Desportes, a former governess who has been named in the murder-suicide of the Praslin family of Paris. She left Europe for New York City and Field and Desportes were married.
North Bengkulu Regency
North Bengkulu (Indonesian: Bengkulu Utara; pronounced [bəŋˌkulu uˈt̪ara]) is a regency (kabupaten) of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra. It originally covered much of the northern part of Bengkulu Province, but on 25 February 2003 the most northwesterly districts were split off to form a separate Mukomuko Regency (Kabupaten Mukumuko), and on 24 June 2008 the most southeastern districts were likewise split off to create a new Central Bengkulu Regency (Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah).

The residual regency now covers an area of 4,424.60 km2, and it had a population of 257,675 at the 2010 Census and 296,523 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 313,521 (comprising 159,972 males and 153,549 females). The administrative centre is at the town of Arga Makmur.

Central Bengkulu Regency
Central Bengkulu Regency (Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah) is a regency of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. It is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra, and lies immediately to the north and the east of the adjacent city of Bengkulu. It was formed on 24 June 2008 by being split away from the neighbouring North Bengkulu Regency. It covers an area of 1,223.94 km2 and had a population of 98,333 at the 2010 census and 116,706 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 122,673 (comprising 62,820 males and 59,853 females). The administrative centre is at the town of Karang Tinggi.
Bombing of Grosseto in World War II
The bombing of Grosseto took place on 26 April 1943, day of Easter Monday, during World War II. Aimed at disabling the city's air base, it resulted instead in heavy damage to the city itself and at least 134 civilian casualties.

Grosseto
Grosseto (Italian pronunciation: [ɡrosˈseːto] ⓘ) is a city and a comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, capital of the province of Grosseto. It is the most populous city of Maremma region and southern Tuscany.

Located at the center of the Maremma region, the city was born on the right bank of the Ombrone river, near the Tyrrhenian Sea. The first center raised in the Middle Ages, following the end of the ancient city of Rusellae. Since the 19th century has had a great economic and demographic development, which makes it an important city for services, agriculture and as a seaside resort.

The comune of Grosseto, with 82,284 inhabitants, includes the frazioni of Marina di Grosseto, Roselle, Principina a Mare, Principina Terra, Montepescali, Braccagni, Istia d'Ombrone, Batignano, Alberese and Rispescia.
Civil Defence Ireland
Civil Defence Ireland (Irish: Cosaint Shibhialta na hÉireann) is the national civil defence organisation of Ireland. It is a statutory agency of the Irish Department of Defence and is administered by local authorities. It was established in 1951 in response to the threat of nuclear disaster posed by the atomic bomb following World War II. Today it is an emergency response and rescue agency whose purpose is to provide aid, assistance and relief in times of emergency or natural disaster. It may also support primary emergency response agencies namely the Garda Síochána, HSE National Ambulance Service, and local authority fire services when requested. Civil Defence Ireland consists almost entirely of volunteers, numbering 2500 as of May 2023.

PHECC
The Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC) is an independent statutory organisation responsible for implementing, monitoring and further developing the standards of care provided by all statutory, private and voluntary ambulance services in Ireland. It is also responsible for conducting examinations at six levels of pre-hospital care, the control of ambulance practitioner registration and the publication of clinical practice guidelines.
Pittsburgh Spirit
Pittsburgh Spirit was an indoor soccer team based in Pittsburgh and one of the original six teams that played in the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL).  The Spirit was founded in 1978, suspended operation for the 1980–81 season, then returned to the MISL until owner Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. folded the team on April 11, 1986.  In its seven seasons of play in Pittsburgh, the Spirit amassed an overall regular season win-loss record of 153–139, two postseason appearances, and an average regular season attendance of 6,351.

Krys Sobieski
Krzysztof Zdzisław Sobieski (25 July 1950 – 4 November 2025) was a Polish professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played professionally in Poland and the United States, including ten seasons in the Major Indoor Soccer League. He spent five seasons as the goalkeeper coach with the Dallas Burn of Major League Soccer.
Coastline of the United Kingdom
The coastline of the United Kingdom is formed by a variety of natural features including islands, bays, headlands and peninsulas. It consists of the coastline of the island of Great Britain, the north-east coast of the island of Ireland, as well as many much smaller islands. Much of the coastline is accessible and quite varied in geography and habitats. Large stretches have been designated areas of natural beauty, notably the Jurassic Coast and various stretches referred to as heritage coast. They are both very long, spreading through the mainland.

Heritage coast
A heritage coast is a strip of coastline in England and Wales, the extent of which is defined by agreement between the relevant statutory national agency and the relevant local authority. Such areas are recognised for their natural beauty, wildlife and heritage and amongst the purposes of definition is support for these qualities and enabling enjoyment of them by the public. For England this national agency is Natural England (having formerly been the Countryside Agency) and for Wales it is Natural Resources Wales (which took over the role from its predecessor body, Countryside Council for Wales).
Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 4
Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology – Volume 4 is the fourth installment of Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology, one of the many Alfred Hitchcock story collection books; edited by Eleanor Sullivan. Originally published in hardcover as Alfred Hitchcock's Tales to Scare You Stiff in 1978, the book includes 26 short stories and a short novel called The Graveyard Shift by William P. McGivern. Also, within the 26 short stories is The Green Heart by Jack Ritchie which was made into the 1971 film A New Leaf.

Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology
Alfred Hitchcock's Anthology (AHA) was a seasonally printed collection of suspenseful and thrilling short stories reprinted from Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine. Produced from 1977 to 1989, the anthology contains stories from authors such as: Patricia Highsmith, Robert Bloch, Bill Pronzini, Isaac Asimov, and Lawrence Block. The anthology is marketed as everything you would "expect from the Master of Suspense", though Hitchcock never had any direct involvement with the publications.
Curtis Culwell Center
The Curtis Culwell Center (formerly the Garland Special Events Center) is a 6,860-fixed seat arena (8,500 full capacity) and conference center in Garland, Texas. It opened in 2005 and was designed by HKS, Inc. and constructed at a cost of $31.5 million by Lee Lewis Construction with engineering by Walter P. Moore, Blum Consulting Engineers, and RLK Engineers Inc. The arena is the property of the Garland Independent School District (GISD).

Garland Independent School District
Garland Independent School District (GISD) is a public school district with its headquarters in the Harris Hill Administration Building in Garland, Texas, United States. Garland ISD extends from the Dallas city limits, northeast to the county line and serves parts of the communities of Garland, Rowlett, and Sachse. Small portions of Dallas and Wylie are served by Garland ISD.

The district encompasses approximately 100 square miles (260 km2). With a student enrollment of 56,459 students, GISD is currently the fourth largest school district in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, and is thirteenth largest district in the state of Texas. Garland High School, the district's first high school, is more than one hundred years old.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (RRHOF), also simply referred to as the Rock Hall, is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The museum documents the history of rock music and the artists, producers, engineers, and other personnel who have influenced its development.

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation was established on April 20, 1983, by Ahmet Ertegun, founder and chairman of Atlantic Records. After a long search for the right city, Cleveland was chosen in 1986 as the Hall of Fame's permanent home. Architect I. M. Pei designed the new museum, and it was dedicated on September 1, 1995.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Fejér County
Fejér (Hungarian: Fejér vármegye, pronounced [ˈfɛjeːr]) is an administrative county in central Hungary. It lies on the west bank of the river Danube and nearly touches the eastern shore of Lake Balaton. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Veszprém, Komárom-Esztergom County, Pest, Bács-Kiskun County, Tolna and Somogy. The capital of Fejér county is Székesfehérvár.

Komárom-Esztergom County
Komárom-Esztergom (Hungarian: Komárom-Esztergom vármegye, pronounced [ˈkomaːrom ˈɛstɛrɡom]; German: Burgkomitat Komorn-Gran;  Slovak: Komárňansko-ostrihomská župa) is an administrative Hungarian county in Central Transdanubia Region; its shares its northern border the Danube with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of Győr-Moson-Sopron, Veszprém, Fejér and Pest and the Slovakian Nitra Region (Nové Zámky District, Komárno District). Its county seat is Tatabánya.
Quotient space (topology)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set of the original topological space with the quotient topology, that is, with the finest topology that makes continuous the canonical projection map (the function that maps points to their equivalence classes). In other words, a subset of a quotient space is open if and only if its preimage under the canonical projection map is open in the original topological space.

Intuitively speaking, the points of each equivalence class are identified or "glued together" for forming a new topological space. For example, identifying the points of a sphere that belong to the same diameter produces the projective plane as a quotient space.

Product topology
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a product space is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the product topology.  This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can also be given to a product space and which agrees with the product topology when the product is over only finitely many spaces.  However, the product topology is "correct" in that it makes the product space a categorical product of its factors, whereas the box topology is too fine; in that sense the product topology is the natural topology on the Cartesian product.
Hiseville, Kentucky
Hiseville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Barren County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 246 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Glasgow Micropolitan Statistical Area. Hiseville was a city until it disincorporated in 2004.

Barren County, Kentucky
Barren County is a county located in the south-central portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 44,485. Its county seat is Glasgow. The county was founded on December 20, 1798, from parts of Warren and Green Counties. It was named for the Barrens, meadowlands that cover the northern third, though actually the soil is fertile. Barren County is part of the Glasgow, KY Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bowling Green-Glasgow, KY Combined Statistical Area. In 2007 Barren County was named the "Best Place to Live in Rural America" by Progressive Farmer Magazine.
Moriyoshi, Akita
Moriyoshi (森吉町, Moriyoshi-machi) was a town located in Kitaakita District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,471 and a population density of 21.85 per square kilometre (56.6/sq mi). The total area was 341.88 square kilometres (132.00 sq mi).

On March 22, 2005, Moriyoshi, along with the towns of Aikawa, Ani and Takanosu (all from Kitaakita District), merged to create the city of Kitaakita.

Kitaakita
Kitaakita (Japanese: 北秋田市, Hepburn: Kitaakita-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 29,201, and a population density of 120 persons per km2. and a population density of 25 persons per km2. The total area of the city is  1,152.76 square kilometres (445.08 sq mi).
Al-Aga Mosque
The Al–Aga Mosque is the oldest mosque in Kosovo. It is located in Sharr and was built in 1289.

According to the Islamic community council in Dragash, in 1995 they received a formal document by the Mufti office of Aleppo city, in Syria, where it stated that a family named Al-Aga had migrated from Aleppo to former Yugoslav territories, particularly in the area known as Mlika. This family, according to this document, began migrating in 1095 and continued until 1291. The mosque was restored in 1822 by Ahmed Agha.

This mosque lies in the southern part of Kosovo and has been reconstructed several times during its history, thanks to volunteer donations of the community. It is still active and offer services such as Friday (Juma) prayers.

Dragash
Dragash or Sharr (Albanian definite form: Dragashi or Sharri; Serbian: Dragaš; Serbian Cyrillic: Драгаш) is a town and municipality located in the Prizren District of Kosovo. According to the 2024 census, the municipality has 28,896 inhabitants.
Badji Mokhtar Annaba University
Badji Mokhtar University – Annaba (UBMA) (Arabic: جامعة باجي مختار-عنابة) is one of the largest universities in Algeria, located in Annaba, on the northeastern coast of Algeria. It is named after the chahid Badji Mokhtar, an Algerian political activist and independence fighter, one of the 22 historical leaders responsible for launching the Algerian War of Independence.

Annaba
Annaba (Arabic: عنابة, lit. 'place of the Jujubes'), formerly known as Hippone, Bona and Bône, is a seaport city in the northeastern corner of Algeria, close to the border with Tunisia. Annaba is near the small Seybouse River and is in Annaba Province. With a population of about 263,650 (2019) and 1,000,000 for the metropolitan area, Annaba is the third-largest city and the leading industrial center in Algeria.

Annaba is a coastal city that underwent significant growth during the 20th century. Annaba has a metropolitan area with a higher population density than the other metropolitan areas of the Algerian coastline, such as Oran and Algiers. Much of eastern and southern Algeria uses the services, equipment and infrastructure of Annaba. Economically, it is the centre for various economic activities, such as industry, transportation, finance, and tourism.
Missing fundamental
The pitch being perceived with the first harmonic being absent in the waveform is called the missing fundamental phenomenon.

It is established in psychoacoustics that the auditory system, with its natural tendency to distinguish a tone from another, will persistently assign a pitch to a complex tone given that a sufficient set of harmonics are present in the spectrum.

For example, when a note (that is not a pure tone) has a pitch of 100 Hz, it will consist of frequency components that are integer multiples of that value (e.g. 100, 200, 300, 400, 500.... Hz). However, smaller loudspeakers may not produce low frequencies, so in our example, the 100 Hz component may be missing. Nevertheless, a pitch corresponding to the fundamental may still be heard.

Pure tone
In psychoacoustics and signal processing, a pure tone is a sound or other signal with a sinusoidal waveform; that is, a sine wave of constant frequency, phase-shift, and amplitude.
A pure tone has the property – unique among real-valued wave shapes – that its wave shape is unchanged by linear time-invariant systems; that is, only the phase and amplitude change between such a system's pure-tone input and its output.

Sine and cosine waves can be used as basic building blocks of more complex waves.  As additional sine waves having different frequencies are combined, the waveform transforms from a sinusoidal shape into a more complex shape.
When considered as part of a whole spectrum, a pure tone may also be called a spectral component.

In clinical audiology, pure tones are used for pure-tone audiometry to characterize hearing thresholds at different frequencies.
Sound localization is often more difficult with pure tones than with other sounds.
Operation Bluecoat
Operation Bluecoat was a British offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pinçon.

The attack was made at short notice to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in Unternehmen Lüttich (Operation Liège) a German counter-offensive against the Americans.

11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)
The 11th Armoured Division was an armoured division of the British Army which was created in March 1941 during the Second World War. The division was formed in response to the unanticipated success of the German panzer divisions. The 11th Armoured was responsible for several major victories in the Battle of Normandy from in the summer of 1944, shortly after the Normandy landings, and it participated in the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine, the Rhine crossing in March 1945. It was disbanded in January 1946 and reformed towards the end of 1950. In 1956, it was converted into the 4th Infantry Division.
James Matthews (writer)
James Matthews, OIS (24 May 1929 – 7 September 2024) was a South African poet, writer and publisher. During the Apartheid era his poetry was banned, and Matthews was detained by the government in 1976 and for 13 years was denied a passport.

Cape Times
The Cape Times is an English-language morning newspaper owned by Independent News & Media SA and published in Cape Town, South Africa.

As of 2012, the newspaper had a daily readership of 261,000 and a circulation of 34,523. By the fourth quarter of 2014, circulation had declined to 31,930.
Melchior Hoffmann (composer)
Georg Melchior Hoffmann (c. 1679 – 6 October 1715) was a Baroque composer who was influential as the leader at the Collegium Musicum in Leipzig. Some of his compositions have been mistaken for those of Johann Sebastian Bach.

St. Matthew, Leipzig
St. Matthew was a church in the old town of Leipzig. During its history it had several names and functions. As a church of the Franciscan order, built in 1488, it was known as Barfüßerkirche and Heiliggeistkirche. It served as a Lutheran church, known as Neukirche, from 1699. A new congregation formed in 1876 and named the church Matthäikirche (St. Matthew). The building was destroyed in a bombing in 1943.
Platypodium
Platypodium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It includes two species of trees native to the tropical Americas, from Panama through Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil to Bolivia and Paraguay. Typical habitats are seasonally-dry tropical forest, humid gallery or riverine forest, thicket, and woodland. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and has been assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade within the Dalbergieae.

Dalbergieae
The tribe Dalbergieae is an early-branching clade within the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae).  Within that subfamily, it belongs to an unranked clade called the dalbergioids. It was recently revised to include many genera formerly placed in tribes Adesmieae and Aeschynomeneae and to be included in a monophyletic group informally known as the dalbergioids sensu lato. The members of this tribe have a distinctive root nodule morphology, often referred to as an "aeschynomenoid" or "dalbergioid" nodule.