hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R-40 (missile)
The Bisnovat (later Molniya then Vympel) R-40 (NATO reporting name AA-6 'Acrid') is a long-range air-to-air missile developed in the 1960s by the Soviet Union specifically for the MiG-25P interceptor, but can also be carried by the later MiG-31. It is one of the largest production air-to-air missiles ever developed.

Soviet Air Defence Forces
The Soviet Air Defence Forces (Russian: войска ПВО, romanized: voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony, voyska PVO, V-PVO, lit. 'Anti-Air Defence Troops'; formerly: противовоздушная оборона страны, ПВО страны, romanized: protivovozdushnaya oborona strany, PVO strany, lit. 'Anti-Air Defence of the Country') was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces.

Formed in 1941, it continued being a service branch of the Russian Armed Forces after 1991 until it was merged into the Air Force in 1998. Unlike Western air defence forces, V-PVO was a branch of the military unto itself, separate from the Soviet Air Force (VVS) and Air Defence Troops of Ground Forces. During the Soviet period it was generally ranked third in importance of the Soviet services, behind the Strategic Rocket Forces and the Ground Forces.
Mount Pisgah (Vermont)
Mount Pisgah is a mountain in Westmore, Vermont.  It is located on the east side of Lake Willoughby and constitutes the eastern side of "Willoughby Gap" ("Willoughby Notch"). It is part of the Northeastern Highlands of Vermont. There are hiking trails in Willoughby State Forest.

The cliffs contain alpine plants protected because no trails lead to or through them.

Willoughby State Forest
Willoughby State Forest covers 7,682 acres (31.09 km2) in Newark, Sutton and Westmore in Caledonia and Orleans counties in Vermont. The forest is managed by the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation. Activities include hiking, primitive camping, cross country skiing, snowshoeing, hunting and fishing.
Interview between Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots
An interview between Elizabeth I and Mary, Queen of Scots was planned to take place at Nottingham in England in September 1562. Despite diplomatic negotiation and detailed planning the meeting did not take place. There would have been theatrical entertainments celebrating the amity of England and Scotland.

Henry Sidney
Sir Henry Sidney KG (20 July 1529 – 5 May 1586) was an English soldier, politician and Lord Deputy of Ireland. Instrumental in the Tudor conquest of Ireland, his attempts to consolidate English power in Ireland  were a major contributing factor to the Desmond Rebellions.
Mary Church Terrell House
The Mary Church Terrell House is a historic house at 326 T Street NW in Washington, D.C.  It was a home of civil rights leader Mary Church Terrell (1863–1954), the first black woman to serve on an American school board, and a leading force in the desegregation of public accommodations in the nation's capital.  Her home in the LeDroit Park section of Washington, DC was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975.  The building is a contributing property in the LeDroit Park Historic District.

LeDroit Park
LeDroit Park (/ləˈdrɔɪt/ or /ˈliːdrɔɪt/) is a neighborhood in Washington, D.C. located immediately southeast of Howard University.  Its borders include Florida Avenue NW, Bryant Street NW, Georgia Avenue NW, and 2nd Street NW. LeDroit Park is known for its history and 19th century protected architecture. The community's diversity entices new residents to the community, as well as its close proximity to the Shaw–Howard University Metro station  and many dining options.
Feynman–Kac formula
The Feynman–Kac formula, named after Richard Feynman and Mark Kac, establishes a link between parabolic partial differential equations and stochastic processes. In 1947, when Kac and Feynman were both faculty members at Cornell University, Kac attended a presentation of Feynman's and remarked that the two of them were working on the same thing from different directions. The Feynman–Kac formula resulted, which proves rigorously a  real-valued analogy to Feynman's path integrals. The complex case, needed in quantum mechanics, is still an open question.

The formula offers a method of solving certain partial differential equations by simulating random paths of a stochastic process. Conversely, it can be used to compute an important class of expectations of random processes by deterministic means.

Kolmogorov equations
In probability theory, Kolmogorov equations characterize continuous-time Markov processes. In particular, they describe how the probability of a continuous-time Markov process in a certain state changes over time.  There are four distinct equations: the Kolmogorov forward equation for continuous processes, now understood to be identical to the Fokker–Planck equation, the Kolmogorov forward equation for jump processes, and two Kolmogorov backward equations for processes with and without discontinuous jumps.
Pulmonata
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger et al., dating from 2010.

Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous period to the present.

Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts.

Trimusculus
Trimusculus is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing sea snails or false limpets, marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Trimusculidae.

Trimusculus is the only genus in the family Trimusculidae. Trimusculidae, the button snails, is the only family in the superfamily Trimusculoidea, a superfamily of false limpets. These are marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.

Trimusculids are not very closely related to the siphonariids, another family of marine air-breathing false-limpets. The trimusculids are in the clade Eupulmonata, and are quite closely related to air-breathing land snails.
Dukinfield Henry Scott
Dr Dukinfield Henry Scott FRS  HFRSE LLD (28 November 1854 – 29 January 1934) was a British botanist. The standard author abbreviation D.H.Scott is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Scott was born in London on 28 November 1854, the fifth and youngest son of architect Sir George Gilbert Scott and his wife Caroline Oldrid.

George Gilbert Scott
Sir George Gilbert Scott RA (13 July 1811 – 27 March 1878), largely known as Sir Gilbert Scott, was a prolific English Gothic Revival architect, chiefly associated with the design, building and renovation of churches and cathedrals, although he started his career as a leading designer of workhouses. Over 800 buildings were designed or altered by him.

Scott was the architect of many notable buildings, including the Midland Grand Hotel at St Pancras Station, the Albert Memorial, and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, all in London, St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow, the main building of the University of Glasgow, St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh and King's College Chapel, London.
2005 Green Bay Packers season
The 2005 season was the Green Bay Packers' 85th in the National Football League (NFL), their 87th overall and the sixth and final under head coach Mike Sherman. It would be the first season the franchise would have involving quarterback Aaron Rodgers.

The Packers failed to improve their overall record of 10–6 from 2004 and failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2000. This would be their first losing season since 1991, as well as their worst record since said year. As of the 2024 season, this is the only season since divisional realignment the Packers finished in last place in the NFC North.

The Packers suffered injuries to wide receivers Javon Walker and Robert Ferguson and running backs Ahman Green, Najeh Davenport, Tony Fisher, and Samkon Gado. As a result of the lackluster season, most of the team's coaches were fired, including head coach Mike Sherman.

Javon Walker
Javon Liteff Walker (born October 14, 1978) is an American former professional football player. He was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) and he was drafted by the Green Bay Packers 20th overall in the 2002 NFL draft. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles.

Walker also played for the Denver Broncos and Oakland Raiders. He was selected to the Pro Bowl with the Packers in 2004.
Berkeley Zen Center
Berkeley Zen Center (BZC), official temple name Shogakuji (祥岳寺, Shōgaku-ji), is a residential Sōtō Zen Buddhist practice centre located in Berkeley, California which has been led since 2024 by Shinchi Linda Galijan and Zenshin Greg Fain.

Founded as an affiliate temple of San Francisco Zen Center in 1967 in a house on Dwight Way by Hakuryu Sojun Mel Weitsman and Shōgaku Shunryu Suzuki, Weitsman became BZC's abbot in 1985 after receiving Dharma transmission from Suzuki's son Hoitsu Suzuki. Weitsman's Dharma heir Hozan Alan Senauke took over as abbot in 2021, living on-site with his wife and fellow ordained Zen priest Laurie Senauke until his death in 2024.

In 1979, BZC relocated to a dedicated temple on Russell Street which houses resident priests, students and lay practitioners. BZC has an active community and a full schedule of zen service, student talks, dharma talks, and zazen.

San Francisco Zen Center
San Francisco Zen Center (SFZC), is a network of affiliated Sōtō Zen practice and retreat centers in the San Francisco Bay area, comprising City Center or Beginner's Mind Temple, Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, and Green Gulch Farm Zen Center. The sangha was incorporated by Shunryu Suzuki Roshi and a group of his American students in 1962. Today SFZC is the largest Sōtō organization in the West.
Forests of Poland
Forests cover an estimated 38.5% of Poland's territory, and are mostly owned by the state, and are increasing at a fast rate by 2035 Polands forest percentage will be 42-46%. Western and northern parts of Poland as well as the Carpathian Mountains in the extreme south, are much more forested than eastern and central provinces. The most forested administrative districts of the country are: Lubusz Voivodeship (60,2%), Subcarpathian Voivodeship (58,2%), and Pomeranian Voivodeship (50,1%). The least forested are: Łódź Voivodeship (36%), Masovian Voivodeship (34,6%), and Lublin Voivodeship (32,8%).

Puszcza Biała
Puszcza Biała (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpuʂt͡ʂa ˈbjawa], White Wilderness) is the name given to the forest that extends in Poland from Pułtusk to Ostrów Mazowiecka. It is part of the Mazovian lowlands and consists of small trees, mostly pine.

The White Wilderness (Puszcza Biała) is usually associated with the Green Wilderness (Puszcza Zielona), and together the two forests are often referred to as the Kurpie Forest (Puszcza Kurpiowska) because the two forests were populated by inhabitants who, over the centuries of isolation, developed a unique culture of their own, called Kurpie.
Vika Line
The Vika Line (Norwegian: Vikatrikken) is a light rail section of the Oslo Tramway in Oslo, Norway. It runs between Wessels plass, through the neighborhood of Vika and Aker Brygge, before arriving at Solli. The section is served by SL79 trams on line 12. The line is owned by the municipal company Kollektivtransportproduksjon, and operated by its subsidiary Oslo Sporvognsdrift.

The line was opened on 21 August 1995 to serve the newly redeveloped areas with a high concentration of jobs. From 1875 to 1961, the Vika area has also been served by the Vestbanen Line. The line serves the large working areas at Aker Brygge, that has many corporate head offices, as well as the Oslo City Hall and The City Hall Square. The line provides connection to the city's water bus services to Nesodden and Bygdøy.

Rådhusplassen
Rådhusplassen ("The City Hall Square") is a square located between Oslo City Hall and the Oslofjord in Vika, Oslo, Norway. Previously used as a road and part of European route E18, it has since 1994 served as a recreational area. North of the square stands the city hall, to the south the fjord, to the east Akershus Fortress and to the east the former Western Railway Station.
East Barnet
East Barnet is an area of north London within the London Borough of Barnet bordered by New Barnet, Cockfosters and Southgate. It is 10 miles (16 km) north of Charing Cross.  It is a largely residential suburb whose central area contains shops, public houses, restaurants and services, and the parish church of St Mary the Virgin. East Barnet is close to the M25 and the A1 and M1.

Cockfosters
Cockfosters is a suburb of north London to the east of Chipping Barnet, lying partly in the London Borough of Enfield and partly in the London Borough of Barnet. It is 10 miles (16 km) north of Charing Cross. Before 1965, it was in the counties of Middlesex and Hertfordshire.
North Central Colorado Urban Area
The North Central Colorado Urban Area comprises the four contiguous metropolitan statistical areas in the north central region of the State of Colorado: the Denver–Aurora Metropolitan Statistical Area, the Boulder Metropolitan Statistical Area, the Fort Collins-Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area, and the Greeley Metropolitan Statistical Area. With the exception of southeastern Elbert County, southeastern Park County,  and tiny portions of southern Douglas County, the entire North Central Colorado Urban Area is drained by the South Platte River and its tributaries.  The North Central Colorado Urban Area is the central, and the most populous, of the three primary subregions of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The North Central Colorado Urban Area had a population of 3,390,504 at the 2010 United States census, a 17.67% increase from the 2000 United States census.  In 2010, 67.42% of Coloradans lived in the North Central Colorado Urban Area.

Fort Collins–Loveland metropolitan area
The Fort Collins–Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defined Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) located in the Fort Collins and Loveland area in the North Central region of the U.S. state of Colorado. The Fort Collins–Loveland MSA is defined as Larimer County, Colorado. The Census Bureau estimates that the population was 362,533 in 2021. The Fort Collins–Loveland MSA is the 150th most populous MSA in the United States.
Sharna Burgess
Sharna May Burgess (born 21 June 1985) is an Australian ballroom dancer who is best known for being a professional partner and troupe member on the ABC series Dancing with the Stars. She is the winner of season 27 of American television show Dancing with the Stars with her celebrity partner Bobby Bones, where she has also been a runner-up in several other seasons. She has also been a judge on the Australian version of the show since 2019, along with Craig Revel Horwood and Tristan MacManus.

Craig Revel Horwood
Craig Revel Horwood (born 4 January 1965) is an Australian-British author, dancer, choreographer, conductor, theatre director, and former drag queen in the United Kingdom. He is also a patron of the Royal Osteoporosis Society.

Horwood is a judge on the BBC dancing series Strictly Come Dancing and has appeared in all but one episode since its inception. He is often seen performing ballroom and Latin dance routines.
Redlands (Reading ward)
Redlands is an electoral ward of the Borough of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. It is situated to the south-east of the town centre, and is bordered by Abbey, Park, Church and Katesgrove wards.

As with all wards it elects three councillors to Reading Borough Council.  Elections since 2004 are held by thirds, with elections in three years out of four, except that an election of all three places was held to restart the cycle on 5th May 2022, with councillors coming up for election in subsequent years according to their ranking by votes in that election, lowest first.

Between 2010 and 2018 a Labour Party or Labour and Co-operative Party candidate won every election, namely in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2018. In 2019 a Green Party (UK) candidate won the seat of Jan Gavin (Lab) who stood down.

The Councillors are currently: Will Cross (Lab), Kathryn McCann (Green) and David McElroy (Green).

Katesgrove
Katesgrove is an inner-town area and electoral ward situated immediately to the south of the town centre of Reading, Berkshire, England. The named area and ward are largely, but not entirely, coterminous.
Jacob Bell (pilot boat)
The Jacob Bell was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat built by the shipbuilder Jacob Bell for a group of New York Pilots in 1840. She was named in honor of the shipbuilder Jacob Bell, who was a partner in the Brown & Bell firm. After fourteen years of service she went ashore in a gale off Sandy Hook in 1854.

Pilot boat
A pilot boat is a type of boat used to transport maritime pilots between land and the inbound or outbound ships that they are piloting. Pilot boats were once sailing boats that had to be fast because the first pilot to reach the incoming ship got the business. Today, pilot boats are scheduled by telephoning the ship agents/representatives prior to arrival.
Deir Istiya
Deir Istiya (Arabic: دير إستيا) is a Palestinian town of 3,696 in the Salfit Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) southwest of Nablus. The built-up area of Deir Istiya is 74 dunams, and its old city has about thirty families.

Karnei Shomron
Karnei Shomron (Hebrew: קַרְנֵי שׁוֹמְרוֹן, lit. "Rays (of light) of Samaria") is an Israeli settlement organized as a local council established in 1977 in the West Bank, east of Kfar Saba. Karnei Shomron is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) northeast of Tel Aviv and 85 kilometres (53 mi) north of Jerusalem. In 2023 it had a population of 10,354.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Calumet County, Wisconsin
Calumet County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,442. The county seat is Chilton. The county was created in 1836 (then in the Wisconsin Territory) and organized in 1850.

Calumet County is included in the Appleton, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Combined Statistical Area.

The Holyland is partially located in southern Calumet County.

Wisconsin Highway 114
State Trunk Highway 114 (often called Highway 114, STH-114 or WIS 114) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It runs east–west in east central Wisconsin from Neenah to Hilbert. The highway ran from Neenah to Brillion before about 1986, when the section from Hilbert to Brillion was turned back to Calumet County, which now maintains it as County Trunk Highway PP (CTH-PP).
Brian Kingman
Brian Paul Kingman (born July 27, 1953) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher from 1979 to 1983 for the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants.

He attended the University of California, Santa Barbara before signing with the Athletics in 1975. In 1979, he went 7–2 in the Pacific Coast League and made his major league debut in June.

Kingman is most famous for losing 20 games in 1980. He remained the most current pitcher to do so for 23 years, until Mike Maroth lost 21 games for the Detroit Tigers in 2003. Kingman also pitched a career-high 211+1⁄3 innings in 1980. Kingman was mostly a starting pitcher (94 appearances, 82 starts) but on July 21, 1982, he picked up his one and only MLB save. Kingman pitched the final 2 1/3 innings to nail down a 6-4 Oakland victory over the Indians. He retired in 1984.

In 94 major league games, Kingman compiled a 23–45 record.

Mike Maroth
Michael Warren Maroth (born August 17, 1977) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) starting pitcher and former professional and college pitching coach . Born in Orlando, Florida, the left-handed Maroth  attended the University of Central Florida and made his Major League debut in 2002 for the Detroit Tigers. He lost 21 games in 2003, the only MLB pitcher to lose 20 games since 1980.
County Yard
County Yard is a rail yard complex comprising Adams Yard, Delco Lead, and the eponymous County Yard along the Northeast Corridor (NEC). The complex straddles the New Brunswick and North Brunswick border in Central New Jersey.

Originally developed by the Pennsylvania Railroad, it is owned by Amtrak. The New Jersey Transit Rail Operations (NJT) Jersey Avenue Station (at milepoint 34.4) served by its Northeast Corridor Line, is just south of County Yard, and just north of Adams Yard and Delco Lead. In 2014, NJT began a project to upgrade the yard and build a "train haven" and re-inspection station. County Yard will be able to store 132 rail cars. The aforementioned Delco Lead, further south along NEC, would be expanded to five additional tracks able to park 312 rail cars and a service and inspection facility would be built to return equipment to service.

NJ Transit Rail Operations
NJ Transit Rail Operations (reporting mark NJTR) is the rail division of NJ Transit. It operates commuter rail service in New Jersey, with most service centered on transportation to and from New York City, Hoboken, and Newark. NJ Transit also operates rail service in Orange and Rockland counties in New York under contract to Metro-North Railroad. The commuter rail lines saw 59,447,200 riders in 2024, making it the third-busiest commuter railroad in North America and the longest commuter rail system in North America by route length.
Goro, Oromia (woreda)
Goro is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It shares the same name as the administrative center of the woreda, Goro. Part of the Bale Zone, Goro is bordered on the southwest by Guradamole, on the west by Berbere, on the northwest by Sinanana Dinsho, on the northeast by Ginir, and on the southeast by the Somali Region; it is separated from Guradamole and Berbere by the Gestro River (or Weyib River). Other towns in this woreda include Meliyu. Dawe Kachen woreda was separated from Goro.

Berbere (woreda)
Berbere is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the Bale Zone, Berbere is bordered on the south by Mennana Harena Buluk, on the northwest by Goba, on the north by Sinanana Dinsho, on the northeast by Goro, and on the east by Guradamole; the Mena River separates it from Shinanana Dinsho and Goro. The administrative center of the woreda is Haro Dumal.
Mount Minto (Antarctica)
Mount Minto (71°47′S 168°45′E﻿ / ﻿71.783°S 168.750°E﻿ / -71.783; 168.750﻿ (Mount Minto)) is a lofty, mostly ice-free mountain rising to 4,163 metres (13,658 ft), located 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) east of Mount Adam in the central portion of the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Admiralty Mountains
The Admiralty Mountains (alternatively Admiralty Range) is a large group of high mountains and individually named ranges and ridges in northeastern Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
This mountain group is bounded by the sea (Ross Sea and Southern Ocean), and by the Dennistoun Glacier, Ebbe Glacier, and Tucker Glacier.
Ichinomoto Station
Ichinomoto Station (櫟本駅, Ichinomoto-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the city of  Tenri, Nara, Japan.  It is operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) and is administrated by Ōji Station.

Tenri, Nara
Tenri (天理市, Tenri-shi) is a city located in Nara Prefecture, Japan.  As of 30 September 2024, the city had an estimated population of 60,890 in 29456 households, and a population density of 700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 86.42 km2 (33.37 sq mi). The city is named after the Japanese new religion Tenrikyo, which has its headquarters in the city.