hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mubarizun
The Mubarizun (Arabic: مبارزون, "duelists", or "champions") formed a special unit of the Rashidun army during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Mubarizun  were a recognized part of the Muslim army with the purpose of engaging enemy champions in single combat.
In Arab, Byzantine, and Sassanian warfare, battles usually began with duels between the champion warriors of the opposing armies.

The Muslim army would typically begin battle with its soldiers first equipping their armor, assembling their units to their positions and lastly dispatching the Mubarizun. Mubarizun fighters were instructed to refrain from pursuing any defeated enemy champions more than two-thirds of the way to the enemy lines to avoid the risk of being cut off. After the conclusion of the dueling phase, the army would launch its general advance.

Rashidun army
The Rashidun army (Arabic: جيش الراشدين) was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the early Muslim conquests in the 7th century. The army is reported to have maintained a high level of discipline, strategic prowess and organization, granting them successive victories in their various campaigns.

In its time, the Rashidun army was a very powerful and effective force. The three most successful generals of the army were Khalid ibn al-Walid, who conquered Persian Mesopotamia and the Roman Levant, Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, who also conquered parts of the Roman Levant, and Amr ibn al-As, who conquered Roman Egypt. The army was a key component in the Rashidun Caliphate's territorial expansion and served as a medium for the early spread of Islam into the territories it conquered.
Henry I of Jawor
Henry I of Jawor (Polish: Henryk I. Jaworski, German: Heinrich I. von Jauer; c. 1292/96 – 15 May 1346), was a duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice during 1301–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), sole Duke of Jawor-Lwówek since 1312 and Duke of Głogów since 1337 until his death.

He was the third son of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice, by his wife Beatrix, daughter of Otto V the Long, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.

Bolko I the Strict
Bolko I the Strict (Polish: Bolko I Surowy or Srogi or Jaworski; 1252/56 – 9 November 1301), was Duke of Lwówek 1278–81 (with his brother as co-ruler) and of Jawor after 1278 (with his brother as co-ruler until 1281) as well as the sole Duke of Lwówek after 1286, and Duke of Świdnica-Ziębice from 1291.
White Christmas (song)
"White Christmas" is a song reminiscing about an old-fashioned Christmas setting. Written by Irving Berlin for the 1942 musical film Holiday Inn, the song won the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 15th Academy Awards.

Introduced by Bing Crosby, it topped the Billboard chart for 11 weeks and returned to the number one position again in December 1943 and 1944. His version would return to the top 40 a dozen times in subsequent years, the most recent being 2025. Crosby's version is the world's best-selling single (in terms of sales of physical media), with estimated sales in excess of 50 million physical copies worldwide. When the figures for other versions of the song are added to Crosby's, sales of the song exceed 100 million. It also remains one of the best-selling singles in the United States with estimated physical copies sold between 10 and 12 million as of 1963.

Since its release, "White Christmas" has been covered by many artists.

Ken Darby
Kenneth Lorin Darby (May 13, 1909 – January 24, 1992) was an American composer, vocal arranger, lyricist, and conductor. His film scores were recognized by the awarding of three Academy Awards and one Grammy Award. Darby is also notable as the author of The Brownstone House of Nero Wolfe (1983), a biography of the home of Rex Stout's fictional detective.
Murder Is News
Murder Is News is a 1937 Canadian-American mystery film directed by Leon Barsha. The film is one of four Quota Quickies directed by Leon Barsha for the British market in Victoria, B.C., during the summer and fall of 1937.

Leon Barsha
Leon Barsha (December 26, 1905 – November 13, 1964) was an American film producer, editor and director. As a producer and director he was best known for making films in the Western genre. In his later years he concentrated especially on editing.
Fremont County, Wyoming
Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 39,234, making it the fifth-most populous county in Wyoming. Its county seat is Lander. The county was founded in 1884 and is named for John C. Frémont, a general, explorer, and politician. It is roughly the size of the state of Vermont. Fremont County comprises the Riverton, WY Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Park County, Wyoming
Park County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 29,624. The county seat is Cody. Park County is a major tourism destination. The county has over 53 percent of Yellowstone National Park's land area. Many attractions abound, including the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, the Cody Stampede Rodeo, the Ghost Town of Kirwin, and the western museum Old Trail Town.
Gudå Station
Gudå Station (Norwegian: Gudå stasjon) is a railway station on the Meråker Line at the village of Gudå in Meråker Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The station was opened on 17 October 1881 as Gudaa. It was renamed Gudaaen in 1894, and received the current name in April 1924.

The station has been unstaffed since 1 February 1982.  It is served twice a day in each direction by SJ Norge. The station is owned by Bane NOR. It is located 72 kilometres (45 mi) from Trondheim Central Station and sits at an elevation of 85 metres (279 ft) above sea level.

Meråker Municipality
Meråker is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Stjørdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Midtbygda which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Storlien in Sweden and 46 kilometres (29 mi) east of the town of Stjørdalshalsen in neighboring Stjørdal Municipality. Other villages in the municipality include Gudåa, Kopperå, and Stordalsvollen.

The 1,274-square-kilometre (492 sq mi) municipality is the 80th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meråker Municipality is the 259th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,454. The municipality's population density is 1.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.9/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.9% over the previous 10-year period.

The municipality markets itself as a recreational area. The main areas of employment are in industry and agriculture. The municipality is noted for its characteristic dialect.
Chuck Versus the Mask
"Chuck Versus the Mask" is the seventh episode of the third season of Chuck which originally aired February 8, 2010. Chuck is forced to involve Hannah in the team's latest mission. Meanwhile, Morgan and Ellie attempt to investigate Chuck's secret life.

The Ring (Chuck)
The Ring is a major spy organization in the television series Chuck. The main antagonist of the second season (after being introduced in the first), Fulcrum, is revealed in the Season Two finale to be part of the Ring, making him the main antagonist of Season Three. The Ring's goals are not known, but they're clearly in conflict with the legitimate American intelligence community due their attempts to manipulate politics in several countries to accomplish its ends.
Marquis Hill
Marquis Hill (born April 15, 1987) is an American jazz trumpet player, composer, and bandleader from Chicago, Illinois. His musical style stems from African-American music, incorporating hip-hop, R&B, Chicago house, neo-soul, and jazz into his playing. In 2014 Hill won the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz International Trumpet Competition. He strongly advocates for the education of the next generation of musicians through active mentoring, treating the music he creates as a living art.

Joel Ross (vibraphonist)
Joel Ross (born 1995) is an American jazz vibraphonist currently living in Brooklyn. Born and raised in Chicago, he was introduced to music by playing drums at his father's church, and got a musical education in high school and college. He later moved to New York City, where he developed into a professional jazz musician, signing with Blue Note Records.
Elpoca Mountain
Elpoca Mountain is a 3,036-metre (9,961-foot) mountain summit located at the southern end of the Opal Range in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. The nearest higher peak is Mount Evan-Thomas, 12.0 km (7.5 mi) to the north. Elpoca Mountain is situated 4.0 kilometres south of Mount Jerram, and 2.0 km east of Gap Mountain, and all are within Peter Lougheed Provincial Park. Precipitation runoff from the west side of the mountain drains into tributaries of the Kananaskis River, whereas the east side drains into Elbow River.

Mount Jerram
Mount Jerram is a 2,996-metre (9,829-foot) mountain summit located in the Opal Range of the Canadian Rockies of Alberta, Canada. Its nearest higher peak is Elpoca Mountain, 4.0 km (2.5 mi) to the south-southeast. Mount Jerram is situated east of Mount Wintour, within Peter Lougheed Provincial Park.

Like so many of the mountains in Kananaskis Country, Mount Jerram received its name from the persons and ships involved in the 1916 Battle of Jutland, the only major sea battle of the First World War.
Johannes, Stavanger
Johannes is a neighborhood (delområde) in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the northern part of the borough of Storhaug in the area surrounding the St. Johannes Church.  The neighborhood has a population of 2,309 which is distributed over an area of 0.56 square kilometres (140 acres).

Storhaug
Storhaug is a borough of the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. This borough includes the traditional city centre and main harbor along the Byfjorden. It is located east of Eiganes og Våland borough and south of the island borough of Hundvåg. The 6.43-square-kilometre (1,590-acre) borough has a population (2016) of 16,544.  This gives the borough a population density of 2,573 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,660/sq mi).
Tai Po Road
Tai Po Road (Chinese: 大埔公路) is the second longest road in Hong Kong (after Castle Peak Road). It spans from Sham Shui Po in Kowloon to Tai Po in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Initially, the road was named Frontier Road.

Sham Shui Po
Sham Shui Po (Chinese: 深水埗) is an area of Kowloon, Hong Kong, situated in the northwestern part of the Kowloon Peninsula, north of Tai Kok Tsui, east of Cheung Sha Wan and south of Shek Kip Mei (石硤尾). It is located in and is the namesake of the Sham Shui Po District.

A predominately lower-income neighborhood, Sham Shui Po is one of the densest and most vibrant neighbourhoods in Hong Kong. It has a diverse mix of migrants from rural China, working-class families and seniors, with many living in cage homes, subdivided flats and public housing estates. Sham Shui Po has many lively street markets, electronics outlets, fabric stores, restaurants and food vendors. It is famous for its Golden Computer Shopping Arcade for bargain electronics and accessories.
Castello di Volpaia
Castello di Volpaia is a winery located in the medieval village of Volpaia. The estate spans over 900 acres (360 ha), divided between vineyards, olive groves, and woods. The winery is organically farmed, producing extra virgin olive oil, vinegar, and wine, particularly Chianti Classico.

The winery is owned by Carlo and Giovannella Mascheroni Stianti, and they are assisted by their son Nicolo and daughter Federica.

Volpaia
Volpaia is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Radda in Chianti, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 44.

The village of Volpaia is situated on a hilltop just north of the town of Radda in Chianti, 2,024 feet (617 m) above sea level, in the heart of the Chianti Classico region.

Volpaia is a terra murata, a walled village. Although only part of the original protective walls and two of its six towers are still standing, the medieval layout and buildings within the village are still intact, making Volpaia one of the best-preserved villages of its period.
Ogive (statistics)
In statistics, an ogive, also known as a cumulative frequency polygon, can refer to one of two things:

any hand-drawn graphic of a cumulative distribution function

any empirical cumulative distribution function.

The points plotted as part of an ogive are the upper class limit and the corresponding cumulative absolute frequency or cumulative relative frequency. The ogive for the normal distribution (on one side of the mean) resembles (one side of) an Arabesque or ogival arch, which is likely the origin of its name.

Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable , or just distribution function of , evaluated at , is the probability that  will take a value less than or equal to .

Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function)  satisfying  and .

In the case of a scalar continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from negative infinity to . Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
Filipino language
Filipino (English:  /ˌfɪlɪˈpiːnoʊ/ ⓘ FIL-ih-PEE-noh; Wikang Filipino [ˈwikɐŋ filiˈpino]) is the national language of the Philippines, the main lingua franca, and one of the two official languages of the country, along with English. It is a de facto standardized form of the Tagalog language, as spoken and written in Metro Manila and in other urban centers of the archipelago. The 1987 Constitution mandates that Filipino be further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines.

Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses verb-subject-object order, but can also use subject-verb-object order. Filipino follows the trigger system of morphosyntactic alignment that is common among Philippine languages. It has head-initial directionality. It is an agglutinative language but can also display inflection. It is not a tonal language and can be considered a pitch-accent language and a syllable-timed language. It has nine basic parts of speech.

Abakada alphabet
The Abakada alphabet was an "indigenized" Latin alphabet adopted for the Tagalog-based Wikang Pambansa (now Filipino) in 1939.

The alphabet, which contains 20 letters, was introduced in the grammar book developed by Lope K. Santos for the newly designated national language based on Tagalog. It was officially adopted by the then Institute of National Language (Filipino: Surian ng Wikang Pambansa) and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts (Filipino: Pambasang Komission Para sa Kultura at mga Pambasa).

The alphabet has since been superseded by the adoption of the Filipino alphabet (with an additional eight letters and repositioning of the letter K) in 1987.
Cassia County, Idaho
Cassia County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census the county had a population of 24,655. The county seat and largest city is Burley. Cassia County is included in the Burley, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Jerome County, Idaho
Jerome County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 Census the county had a population of 24,237. The county seat and largest city is Jerome. The county was created by the Idaho Legislature on February 8, 1919, from a partition of Lincoln County. It was named after either Jerome Hill, a developer of the North Side Irrigation Project, his son-in-law Jerome Kuhn, or his grandson Jerome Kuhn, Jr. Jerome County is part of the Twin Falls, ID Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Minidoka Relocation Camp, one of ten Japanese American internment camps set up during World War II, was located in Hunt of Jerome County, six miles (9.7 km) north west of Eden.
Shire of Plantagenet
The Shire of Plantagenet is a local government area in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, managed from the town of Mount Barker, 360 kilometres (224 mi) south of Perth and 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Albany. The shire covers an area of 4,792 square kilometres (1,850 sq mi) and includes the communities of Narrikup, Rocky Gully, Kendenup and Porongurup.

The region is noted for agriculture, principally wheat, sheep (wool and meat), beef cattle, wine, canola and olives. Silviculture, especially plantations of Tasmanian blue gums (Eucalyptus globulus), was a major industry in the shire although some recent silviculture enterprises (Great Southern Plantations and Timbercorp) have gone into receivership. 
Local tourist attractions include the Porongurup Range and Stirling Range, a museum based within the original police station, as well as other pioneer structures such as St Werburgh's Chapel.

Narrikup, Western Australia
Narrikup is a small town and locality of the Shire of Plantagenet in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Narrikup is located between Albany and Mount Barker. At the 2006 census, Narrikup had a population of 515.
McDonald Farm (Xenia, Ohio)
The McDonald Farm is a historic agricultural complex near the city of Xenia in Greene County, Ohio, United States.  It has been named a historic site, largely because of a quarry on the farm, which supplied stone for the Washington Monument.

Xenia, Ohio
Xenia (/ˈziːniə/ ZEE-nee-ə) is a city in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. Located in southwestern Ohio, it is 15 miles (24 km) east of Dayton and is part of the Dayton metropolitan area as well as the Miami Valley region. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,441. The city's name comes from the Greek word Xenia (ξενία), which means 'hospitality'.
Azekah
Azekah (Hebrew: עֲזֵקָה, ʿazēqā) was an ancient town in the Shephela ("lowlands of Judea") guarding the upper reaches of the Valley of Elah, about 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Hebron.

The current tell (ruin) by that name, also known as Tel Azeka (Hebrew: תל עזקה, ʿtel azēqā) or Tell Zakariya, has been identified with the biblical Azekah, dating back to the Canaanite period. Today, the site lies on the purlieu of Britannia Park.

According to Epiphanius of Salamis, the name meant "white" in Hebrew. The tell is pear shaped with the tip pointing northward. Due to its location in the Elah Valley it functioned as one of the main Judahite border cities, sitting on the boundary between the lower and higher Shfela. Although listed in Joshua 15:35 as being a city in the plain, it is actually partly in the hill country, partly in the plain.

Zekharia
Zekharia (Hebrew: זְכַרְיָה) is a  moshav in central Israel. It sits on the ancient Palestinian village of Zakariyya (Arabic: زكريا), whose inhabitants were expelled in 1949. 
Located near Beit Shemesh, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 1,368.

Settlement in the area dates back to the Iron Age. During the Roman era a town named Beit Zacharia was located on the hill, which according to legend was the burial place of the prophet Zechariah. By the Mamluk era, it had become a Muslim village, and was known by various names, including Zakariyya al-Battih, Kefr Zakaria, Az-Zakariyya or simply Zakariyya. Although the village had been allotted to the Arab state in the 1947 United Nations proposed partition plan, the area was occupied by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the remaining Arab population was expelled in 1950, after which a new Jewish moshav, now Hebraized as Zekharia, was founded on the site.
Coffrane
Coffrane is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.

Fontaines, Switzerland
Fontaines is a former municipality in the district of Val-de-Ruz in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

The municipalities of Boudevilliers, Cernier, Chézard-Saint-Martin, Coffrane, Dombresson, Engollon, Fenin-Vilars-Saules, Fontainemelon, Fontaines, Les Geneveys-sur-Coffrane, Les Hauts-Geneveys, Montmollin, Le Pâquier, Savagnier and Villiers merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val-de-Ruz.
Straße des 17. Juni
The Straße des 17. Juni, or Strasse des 17. Juni (see ß; German pronunciation: [ˈʃtʁaːsə dɛs ˈziːpˌt͡seːntn̩ ˈjuːni] ⓘ; transl. 17th of June Street), is a street in central Berlin, the capital of Germany. Its name refers to the 17 June 1953 uprising in East Germany. The western continuation of the boulevard Unter den Linden, it runs east–west through the Tiergarten, a large park to the west of the city centre. At the eastern end of the street is the Brandenburg Gate and the Platz des 18. März, it then passes the Soviet War Memorial before passing either side of the Victory Column (Siegessäule) in the middle of the park, and out of the park through the Charlottenburg Gate, terminating about 500 metres (1,600 ft) later at Ernst-Reuter-Platz. The street is a section of the main western thoroughfare radiating out from the centre of Berlin so the road continues to the west of Ernst-Reuter-Platz, the first section of which is called Bismarckstraße.

Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden (German: [ˈʊntɐ deːn ˈlɪndn̩] ⓘ, "under the linden trees") is a boulevard in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. Running from the Berlin Palace to the Brandenburg Gate, it is named after the linden trees (known as lime in the UK and Ireland and basswood in North America, not related to citrus lime) that line the grassed pedestrian mall on the median and the two broad carriageways. The avenue links numerous Berlin sights, landmarks and rivers for sightseeing.
Seongnam Arts Center
The Seongnam Arts Center (성남아트센터) is the largest venue for cultural events in the city of Seongnam. It is in Yatap-dong in Bundang, within a few minutes' walk of Imae Station. And it is situated near the Taewon High school. So students of this school often visit Seongnam Arts Center. The Seongnam Arts Center was first opened on 14 October 2005 by the Seongam Cultural Foundation.

Imae station
Imae Station (Korean: 이매역) is an infill station on the Suin–Bundang Line of the Seoul Subway. There were originally no plans for this station when the Bundang Line opened in 1994. However, due to local resident demand and the significant distance between Yatap and Seohyeon Stations, construction began in March 2000 and the station was opened on January 16, 2004.

The station became a transfer station for the Gyeonggang Line when operations commenced on September 24, 2016.