hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez was an oil tanker that gained notoriety after running aground in Prince William Sound, spilling her cargo of crude oil into the sea. On 24 March 1989, while owned by the former Exxon Shipping Company, captained by Joseph Hazelwood and First Mate James Kunkel, and bound for Long Beach, California, the vessel ran aground on the Bligh Reef, resulting in the second largest oil spill in United States history. The size of the spill is estimated to have been 40,900 to 120,000 m3 (10.8 to 31.7 million US gal; 257,000 to 755,000 bbl). In 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was listed as the 54th-largest spill in history.

Joseph Hazelwood
Joseph Jeffrey Hazelwood (September 24, 1946 – c. July 22, 2022) was an American sailor.  He was the captain of Exxon Valdez during her 1989 oil spill. He was accused of being intoxicated which contributed to the disaster, but was cleared of this charge at his 1990 trial after witnesses testified that he was sober around the time of the accident.  Hazelwood was convicted of a lesser charge, negligent discharge of oil (a misdemeanor), fined $50,000, and sentenced to 1,000 hours of community service.
Richard K. Guy
Richard Kenneth Guy (30 September 1916 – 9 March 2020) was a British mathematician. He was a professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Calgary. He is known for his work in number theory, geometry, recreational mathematics, combinatorics, and graph theory. He is best known for co-authorship (with John Conway and Elwyn Berlekamp) of Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays and authorship of Unsolved Problems in Number Theory. He published more than 300 scholarly articles. Guy proposed the partially tongue-in-cheek "strong law of small numbers", which says there are not enough small integers available for the many tasks assigned to them – thus explaining many coincidences and patterns found among numerous cultures. For this paper he received the MAA Lester R. Ford Award.

Kenneth Falconer (mathematician)
Kenneth John Falconer CBE FRSE (born 25 January 1952) is a British mathematician working in mathematical analysis and in particular on fractal geometry. He is Regius Professor of Mathematics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St Andrews.
Emma Darcy
Emma Darcy is the pseudonym used by the Australian husband–wife writing team of Wendy Brennan (28 November 1940 – 12 December 2020) and Frank Brennan (1936 – 1995), they wrote in collaboration over 45 romance novels. In 1993, for the Emma Darcy pseudonym's 10th anniversary, they created the "Emma Darcy Award Contest" to encourage authors to finish their manuscripts. After the death of Frank Brennan in 1995, Wendy wrote on her own. She lived in New South Wales, Australia.

Darcy sold 60 million books from 1983 to 2001, and averaged six new books per year.

In 2002, Darcy's first crime novel Who Killed Angelique? won the Ned Kelly Award for Best First Novel.  In 2003, the next novel, Who Killed Bianca, was a finalist for the Ned Kelly Award for Best Novel.

Margaret Way
Margaret Way (7 August 1935 in Brisbane – 10 August 2022 in Cleveland, Queensland, Australia) was an Australian writer of romance novels and women's fiction. A prolific author, Way wrote more than 120 novels since 1970, many through Mills & Boon, a romance imprint of British publisher Harlequin UK Ltd., owned by Harlequin Enterprises.
Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture
The Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture is a Unesco World Heritage Site on Pico Island, part of the archipelago of the Azores, Portugal. The landscape is known for the network of basalt stone walls and vines planted in rectangular enclosures known as currais. Wine has been produced in the area since the late 15th century, and traditional techniques continue to be used.

Pico Island
Pico Island (Ilha do Pico, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈiʎɐ ðu ˈpiku]) is an island in the Central Group of the Portuguese Azores. The landscape features an eponymous volcano, Ponta do Pico, which is the highest mountain in Portugal, the Azores, and the highest elevation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the tradition of the Portuguese poet, Raul Brandão, Pico is referred to as the Ilha Preta ("Black Island"), for its black volcanic soils, which nourish its UNESCO-designated vineyards that once allowed the development of the island's economy. Pico is the second largest and, geologically speaking, the most recently formed island of the Azores, being around 300,000 years old.
Martinstown, Stonehall
Martinstown is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9.24 kilometres (6 mi) north of Mullingar.

Martinstown is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Stonehall in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 538.33 acres (2.1785 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Knockbody to the north, Farrancallin and Taghmon to the east, Sheefin to the south–east, Parsonstown to the south, Galmoylestown Upper to the south–west and Blackmiles to the north–west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland, there were 11 houses and 57 inhabitants in the townland.

Farrancallin
Farrancallin is a townland in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located about 9.14 kilometres (6 mi) north–north–east of Mullingar.

Farrancallin is one of 11 townlands of the civil parish of Taghmon in the barony of Corkaree in the Province of Leinster. The townland covers 228.96 acres (0.9266 km2).

The neighbouring townlands are: Taghmon to the north and east, Monkstown to the south–east, Sheefin to the south–west and Martinstown to the west.

In the 1911 census of Ireland there were 7 houses and 24 inhabitants in the townland.
Segamat High School
The Segamat High School (Malay: Sekolah Tinggi Segamat) is a high school in Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. One of the oldest schools in the area, it was established in 1926. The first Principal was J.C. Mc Heyzer, with V.A. Matthew as deputy.

Located in Segamat near Istana Hinggap and the Rock Garden, it offers English styled education modelled on the British curricular system. The school started with 50 students in one main building. Now, it has around 1,702 students and 104 teachers. The school covers 11 acres (4.5 ha) with 17 blocks. Gurdial Singh was the first Asian principal. Before Malaysia gained independence, the school had an Englishman as its principal. The school has a colonial style main block.

Segamat District
The Segamat District (Malay: Daerah Segamat) or simply Segamat is a district in the Malaysian state of Johor. Segamat is also the name of the district's primary town. Segamat district is one of the three landlocked districts in Johor, the other being Kluang and Kulai.
John Hammond (cricketer)
John Hammond (15 January 1769 – 15 October 1844) was an English cricketer of the late 18th and early 19th century.

Hammond made his known debut in the 1790 season and played in 123 cricket matches to the 1816 season. A genuine all-rounder, he was a left-handed batsman but he bowled right-arm slow underarm. He was a good fielder and an occasional wicket-keeper.

Hammond played for the Players in the first two Gentlemen v Players matches in 1806. His son, Charles, played, as did his grandson Ernest Hammond.

Ernest Hammond
Ernest Hammond (29 July 1850 – 31 July 1921) was an English cricketer.  Hammond was a right-handed batsman who bowled roundarm right-arm slow.  He was born at Storrington, Sussex.

Hammond made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1874.  He made four further first-class appearances for Sussex, the last of which came against Hampshire in 1875.  He struggled in his five first-class matches, scoring just 16 runs at an average of 2.28, with a high score of 5.

He died at the village of his birth on 31 July 1921.  His grandfather John Hammond and uncle Charles Hammond both played first-class cricket.
Miller test
The Miller test, also called the three-prong obscenity test, is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and can be prohibited.

United States v. Extreme Associates, Inc.
United States v. Extreme Associates, 431 F.3d 150 (3rd Cir. 2005), is a 2005 U.S. law case revolving around issues of obscenity. Extreme Associates, a pornography company owned by Rob Zicari and his wife Lizzy Borden (also known as Janet Romano), was prosecuted by the federal government for alleged distribution of obscenity across state lines. After several years of legal proceedings, the matter ended on March 11, 2009, with a plea agreement by Rob Zicari and Lizzy Borden.
Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women
The first Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women was held in New York City on May 9–12, 1837, to discuss the American abolition movement, with two conventions in 1838 and 1839 following. The 1837 gathering represented the first time that women from such a broad geographic area met with the common purpose of promoting the anti-slavery cause among women, and it also was likely the first major convention where women discussed women's rights. Some prominent women went on to be vocal members of the Women's Suffrage Movement, including Lucretia Mott, the Grimké sisters, and Lydia Maria Child.

Mary Grew
Mary Grew (September 1, 1813 – October 10, 1896) was an American abolitionist and suffragist whose career spanned nearly the entire 19th century. She was a leader of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society and the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society. She was one of eight women delegates, all from the United States, who were denied their seats at the London World Anti-Slavery Convention, in 1840. An editor and journalist, she wrote for abolitionist newspapers and chronicled the work of Philadelphia's abolitionists over more than three decades. She was a gifted public orator at a time when it was still noteworthy for women to speak in public. Her obituary summarized her impact: "Her biography would be a history of all reforms in Pennsylvania for fifty years."
C-value
C-value is the amount, in picograms, of DNA contained within a haploid nucleus (e.g. a gamete) or one half the amount in a diploid somatic cell of a eukaryotic organism. In some cases (notably among diploid organisms), the terms C-value and genome size are used interchangeably; however, in polyploids the C-value may represent two or more genomes contained within the same nucleus. Greilhuber et al. have suggested some new layers of terminology and associated abbreviations to clarify this issue, but these somewhat complex additions are yet to be used by other authors.

Non-coding DNA
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include regulatory sequences that control gene expression; scaffold attachment regions; origins of DNA replication; centromeres; and telomeres. Some non-coding regions appear to be mostly nonfunctional, such as introns, pseudogenes, intergenic DNA, and fragments of transposons and viruses. Regions that are completely nonfunctional are called junk DNA.
Wickes-class destroyer
The Wickes-class destroyers were a class of 111 destroyers built by the United States Navy in 1917–1919. Together with the six preceding ships of the Caldwell class and the succeeding 156 subsequent Clemson-class destroyers, they were grouped as the "flush-deck" or "four-stack" type. Only a few were completed in time to serve in World War I, including USS Wickes, the lead ship of the class.

While some were scrapped in the 1930s, the rest served throughout World War II. Most of these were converted to other uses; nearly all in U.S. service had half their boilers and one or more stacks removed to increase fuel and range or accommodate troops. Others were transferred to the British Royal Navy and the Royal Canadian Navy, some of which were later transferred to the Soviet Navy. All were scrapped within a few years after World War II.

Destroyers-for-bases deal
The destroyers-for-bases deal was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom on 2 September 1940, according to which 50 Caldwell, Wickes, and Clemson-class US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions. At the time, the United States was neutral in World War II.

Generally referred to as the "twelve hundred-ton type" (also known as "flush-deck", or "four-pipers" after their four funnels), the destroyers became the British Town class and were named after towns common to both countries. US President Franklin Roosevelt used an executive agreement, which does not require congressional approval. He was sharply criticised from antiwar Americans, who took the position that the agreement violated the Neutrality Acts.
Pennsylvania Army National Guard
The Pennsylvania Army National Guard, abbreviated PAARNG, is part of the United States Army National Guard and is based in the U.S. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.  Together with the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, it is directed by the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. The PAARNG maintains 124 armories and is present in 87 communities across the Commonwealth.

213th Regional Support Group (United States)
The 213th Regional Support Group (213th RSG) is a unit of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard (PA ARNG). The 213th RSG mission is to provide command and control of the twenty-two separate Pennsylvania Army National Guard units assigned to the headquarters for operational and administrative control. This force consist of more than 1,000 soldiers from the eastern and central parts of the state. The 213th RSG is one of the two major commands in the Pennsylvania Army National Guard, the other being the 28th Infantry Division (Keystone).
Okanagan North (federal electoral district)
Okanagan North was a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988. This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Kamloops—Cariboo, Okanagan Boundary and Okanagan—Kootenay ridings. It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Okanagan Centre and Okanagan—Shuswap ridings.

It consisted of the North Okanagan Regional District and part of the Central Okanagan Regional District lying east of Electoral Area G and Electoral Area H. It became part of Okanagan Centre in 1987

North Okanagan—Shuswap
North Okanagan—Shuswap was a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2025. The district was sporadically known as Okanagan—Shuswap. In the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, it was split into Kamloops—Shuswap—Central Rockies, Kamloops—Thompson—Nicola, and Vernon—Lake Country—Monashee. It was dissolved upon the call of the 2025 Canadian federal election in March 2025.
Jacob's Awards
The Jacob's Awards were instituted in December 1962 as the first Irish television awards. Later, they were expanded to include radio. The awards were named after their sponsor, W. & R. Jacob & Co. Ltd., a biscuit manufacturer, and recipients were selected by Ireland's national newspaper television and radio critics. Award winners were chosen annually until 1993, when the final awards presentation took place.

Winners of a Jacob's Award include Fionnula Flanagan (1965), Gay Byrne (1979), and Brendan Gleeson (1992). The record for the most awards won is held by Gay Byrne, who was honoured six times between 1963 and 1981.

Joe Lynch (actor)
Joseph Laurence Lynch (16 July 1926 – 1 August 2001) was an Irish actor who had a long career in both comedy and drama. He provided voice work for children's animated series, in particular Chorlton and the Wheelies.

Lynch was also a singer and songwriter, performing in the film Johnny Nobody (1961). He also recorded work by other songwriters, including Leo Maguire's "The Whistling Gypsy" and Dick Farrelly's "Cottage by the Lee", one of his biggest 1950s recordings.
Coffin Top
Coffin Top (54°30′S 36°6′W﻿ / ﻿54.500°S 36.100°W﻿ / -54.500; -36.100) is a mountain with a flattened summit, 745 metres (2,440 ft) high, located 1.4 nautical miles (2.6 km) east-northeast of Mount Fagan and 1.6 nautical miles (3 km) northwest of Moltke Harbour, South Georgia. The feature was named "Sarg-Berg" (coffin mountain) by the German group of the International Polar Year Expedition, 1882–83. An English form of the name, Coffin Top, was recommended by UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1954.

Mount Fagan
Mount Fagan (54°30′S 36°8′W﻿ / ﻿54.500°S 36.133°W﻿ / -54.500; -36.133) is a mountain rising to 930 metres (3,050 ft) 1.4 nautical miles (2.6 km) west-southwest of Coffin Top and 2.75 nautical miles (5.1 km) west of Moltke Harbour, South Georgia. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971 for Captain P.F. Fagan, Royal Engineers, surveyor on the British Combined Services Expedition of 1964–65, and the first person to climb the mountain.
St Monica's Church, Palmers Green
St Monica's Catholic Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church in the Palmers Green area of north London. The parish church is situated at the junction of Stonard Road and Green Lanes in the London Borough of Enfield.

It is one of only two parishes in the Diocese of Westminster to be dedicated to Saint Monica, the other being that of St Monica's Priory, Hoxton.

Originally founded as a mission church, it then became established as a parish, with a presbytery built alongside in 1931.

As of 2021, the church has two priests, a parish sister and a lay youthworker. The church activities include community programmes and social action alongside worship and pastoral care.

Palmers Green
Palmers Green is a suburban area in north London, England, within the London Borough of Enfield. It is located within the N13 postcode district, around 8 miles (13 km) north of Charing Cross. It is home to the largest population of Greek Cypriots outside Cyprus and is often nicknamed "Little Cyprus" or "Palmers Greek".
Stencil lithography
Stencil lithography is a novel method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns using nanostencils, stencils (shadow mask) with nanometer size apertures.  It is a resist-less, simple, parallel nanolithography process, and it does not involve any heat or chemical treatment of the substrates (unlike  resist-based techniques).

Nanolithography
Nanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials.

The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.
PZL.43
The PZL.43 was a Polish light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft designed in the mid-1930s by PZL in Warsaw. It was a development of the PZL.23 Karaś. Its main user was the Bulgarian Airforce who called it the Chaika (Чайка, gull).

Karabin lotniczy wz. 36
Karabin lotniczy uniwersalny wz. 36 (English: universal aviation rifle pattern 1936) is a Polish 7.92 mm calibre aerial machine gun of late 1930s. It was a development of karabin lotniczy wz. 33, itself a modification of the successful ckm wz. 30 multi-purpose heavy machine gun.

The major differences between wz. 33 and wz. 36 included redesigned feeding mechanisms allowing for the weapon to be fed from both sides (and coupled on double mountings). It was fed by belt magazines of 100 bullets each.

Intended to become the main type of aerial machine gun in Polish service both as fixed wing- or nose-mounted and as turret-mounted weapon, due to the introduction of lekki karabin lotniczy wz. 37 it was to serve only in fixed mountings in such planes as LWS-3 Mewa, PZL.46 Sum, PZL.50 Jastrząb, PZL.54 Ryś and PZL.55. Nevertheless, a man-operated mounting was also developed and was used in PZL.43 and PZL.43A light bombers used by Bulgarian Air Force.
CyVA-1 RNA motif
The CyVA-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics.
CyVA-1 motifs are found in Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Verrucomicrobiota.  Only one example of the RNA is known in any Acidobacterial organism, and only one CyVA-1 RNA was found in any Verrucomicrobial organism.  This could suggest that the RNA is not well-established in these bacterial lineages, or simply reflect the fact that relatively few genome sequences are available for organisms in these phyla.
CyVA-1 RNAs likely function in trans as sRNAs, and organisms commonly have 2 or 3 separate copies of the CyVA-1 RNA motif in their genomes.

Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs
Non-coding RNAs have been discovered using both experimental and bioinformatic approaches.  Bioinformatic approaches can be divided into three main categories.  The first involves homology search, although these techniques are by definition unable to find new classes of ncRNAs.  The second category includes algorithms designed to discover specific types of ncRNAs that have similar properties.  Finally, some discovery methods are based on very general properties of RNA, and are thus able to discover entirely new kinds of ncRNAs.
Colegio Vista Hermosa
The Colegio Vista Hermosa (CVH; "Vista Hermosa School") is a private school in Cuajimalpa, Mexico City. The school serves levels preschool to high school (preparatoria).

The school offers programs in conjunction with the International Baccalaureate, including the IB Diploma Programme and the IB Middle Years Programme. It also provides the national education programme in association with the Secretariat of Public Education and the  National Autonomous University of Mexico.

The school has approximately 2,600 students, 180 teachers, 45 maintenance and cleaning personnel, 23 food service personnel, 15 accounting personnel and 130 transport staff.

Cuajimalpa
Cuajimalpa de Morelos (Spanish: [kwaxiˈmalpa] ⓘ; more commonly known simply as Cuajimalpa) is a borough (demarcación territorial) in Mexico City. It is located on the west side of the city in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains which separate Mexico City from the State of Mexico.  The borough is named after the former rural town of Cuajimalpa, which has since been absorbed by urban sprawl. The borough is home to the Desierto de los Leones National Park, the first declared in Mexico as well as the second largest annual passion play in Mexico City.
Distributed shared memory
In computer science, distributed shared memory (DSM) is a form of memory architecture where physically separated memories can be addressed as a single shared address space. The term "shared" does not mean that there is a single centralized memory, but that the address space is shared—i.e., the same physical address on two processors refers to the same location in memory.: 201  Distributed global address space (DGAS), is a similar term for a wide class of software and hardware implementations, in which each node of a cluster has access to shared memory in addition to each node's private (i.e., not shared) memory.

Cache coherence
In computer architecture, cache coherence is the uniformity of shared resource data that is stored in multiple local caches. In a cache coherent system, if multiple clients have a cached copy of the same region of a shared memory resource, all copies are the same. Without cache coherence, a change made to the region by one client may not be seen by others, and errors can result when the data used by different clients is mismatched.

A cache coherence protocol is used to maintain cache coherency. The two main types are snooping and directory-based protocols.

Cache coherence is of particular relevance in multiprocessing systems, where each CPU may have its own local cache of a shared memory resource.