hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reinhold Hedberg
August Reinhold Hedberg (7 January 1862, Petalax - 28 February 1922) was a Finnish Lutheran clergyman and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1919, representing the Swedish People's Party of Finland (SFP). He was the son of Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg and the younger brother of John Hedberg.

John Hedberg
John Fredrik Hedberg (1 April 1840 – 12 April 1916) was a Finnish forester, journalist and politician. He was born in Paimio, the son of Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg and the elder brother of Reinhold Hedberg. John Hedberg was a Member of the Diet of Finland in 1888 and a Member of the Parliament of Finland from  1908 to 1910 and again from 1911 to 1916, representing the Agrarian League.
Château of Mariemont
The Château of Mariemont (French: Château de Mariemont; Dutch: Kasteel van Mariemont) was a royal residence and hunting lodge for the governors of the Habsburg Netherlands. It is located in Mariemont, in today's village of Morlanwelz, Belgium.

The château's construction started in the 16th century by order of Queen Mary of Hungary and it became a favoured residence in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was rebuilt by Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine in neoclassical style. It was destroyed by French revolutionary troops in 1794, and today, only ruins remain.

On another location in the park, Nicolas Warocqué, a Belgian industrialist, constructed a new château in the 19th century, which was also destroyed by fire in the 20th century. In its place, a new building was constructed, the Musée royal de Mariemont. The museum and park are open for visitors.

Isabella Clara Eugenia
Isabella Clara Eugenia (Spanish: Isabel Clara Eugenia; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands, and the Free County of Burgundy, from 1598 to 1621, ruling jointly with her husband Archduke Albert VII of Austria. After Albert's death, those regions were returned to the Spanish Habsburgs, and she continued to rule as governess of the Spanish Netherlands until her death.

Their reign is considered the Golden Age of the Habsburg Netherlands, which saw a revival of its economy and arts after a peace was concluded with the break-away Dutch Republic. Isabella was one of the most powerful women in 16th- and 17th-century Europe.
Hastings East
Hastings East was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1925. It was located in the province of Ontario. It was created by the British North America Act 1867 which divided the County of Hastings into three ridings: Hastings East, Hastings West, and Hastings North.

The East Riding consisted of the Townships of Thurlow, Tyendinaga, and Hungerford In 1903, the county of Hastings was divided into two ridings when the north riding was abolished.

The East Riding was expanded to include the townships of Madoc, Elzevir and Grimsthorpe, Tudor, Cashel, Limerick, Dunganan, Mayo, Monteagle and Carlow; the town of Deseronto, and the villages of Madoc and Tweed.

The electoral district was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed between Hastings South and Hastings—Peterborough ridings.

Hastings South
Hastings South was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. It was located in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Hastings East and Hastings West ridings.

It consisted of the townships of Hungerford, Tyendinaga, Thurlow and Sydney, and including the city of Belleville and towns of Trenton and Deseronto in the County of Hastings.

The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Hastings and Prince Edward—Hastings ridings.
Jade City
Jade City is a settlement in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, near the Yukon, located on Highway 37, west of Good Hope Lake and close to Cassiar, in the Cassiar Highlands. The region around Jade City is rich with serpentinite (a jade precursor), greenstone (jade look-a-likes), and Nephrite jade. Jade City is by road about 19 hours north of Greater Vancouver, and 1 hour south of the Yukon border. As of 2015, it had a population of about 30 people.

During the summer a church opens up to the public offering Sunday services. There are no gas stations or restaurants.

The reality TV series Jade Fever documents the mining efforts of the Cassiar Mountain Jade Store, and the Bunce family. They mine hard rock deposits and placer deposits left by glaciers. The Bunce family has mined the area for jade for about 35 years, starting with Claudia Bunce's father, Steve Simonovic in 1985.

Stewart–Cassiar Highway
The Stewart–Cassiar Highway, also known as the Dease Lake Highway and the Stikine Highway, as well as the Kitimat Highway from Kitimat to Terrace, is the northwestern-most highway in the Canadian province of British Columbia.  A scenic route through some of the province's most isolated areas, the highway first gained designation as British Columbia Highway 37 in the year 1975.  At that time, its southern terminus was at the community of New Hazelton on the BC Highway 16 (the Yellowhead Highway). In 1972, with the completion of a new bridge over the Nass River, the highway's Yellowhead junction was relocated to a point on Highway 16 just south of the site of Kitwanga.  Highway 37 was then extended south to Kitimat in 1986  superseding what was then designated Highway 25. At the north end, the highway briefly stretches into the Yukon, becoming Yukon Highway 37.
Macular edema
Macular edema occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a yellow central area of the retina) and causes it to thicken and swell (edema). The swelling may distort a person's central vision, because the macula holds tightly packed cones that provide sharp, clear, central vision to enable a person to see detail, form, and color that is directly in the centre of the field of view.

Ranibizumab
Ranibizumab, sold under the brand name Lucentis among others, is a monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab) created from the same parent mouse antibody as bevacizumab. It is an anti-angiogenic that is approved to treat the "wet" type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD, also ARMD), diabetic retinopathy, and macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion or central retinal vein occlusion.

Ranibizumab was developed by Genentech and marketed by them in the United States, and elsewhere by Novartis, under the brand name Lucentis. Ranibizumab (Lucentis) was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2006, and in the European Union in January 2007.
Alexandra Nancarrow
Alexandra Nancarrow is an Australian former tennis player. Nancarrow has a singles career-high ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 385, achieved on 10 November 2014. She also has a WTA doubles career-high of 346, achieved on 2 February 2015. In her career, Nancarrow won four singles and 20 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Nancarrow made her WTA Tour debut at the 2015 Hobart International, in the doubles event, partnering Storm Sanders. The following week, she made her senior Grand Slam debut at the 2015 Australian Open, partnering Maddison Inglis in the women's doubles.

Maddison Inglis
Maddison Inglis (born 14 January 1998) is an Australian tennis player.
She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 112, achieved on 2 March 2020. Inglis has won nine titles in singles and eight in doubles on the ITF Women's Circuit.
Champagne Salon
48°56′48″N 4°00′02″E﻿ / ﻿48.946576°N 4.0004245°E﻿ / 48.946576; 4.0004245
Champagne Salon is a small producer of Champagne made in the blanc de blancs style. Salon, along with Delamotte, is part of the Laurent-Perrier group since 1989.

Laurent-Perrier
49°00′04″N 4°09′41″E﻿ / ﻿49.0012209°N 4.1615038°E﻿ / 49.0012209; 4.1615038

Laurent-Perrier (pronounced [lɔ.ʁɑ̃ pɛ.ʁje]) is a Champagne house founded in 1812. It is the main company of the Laurent-Perrier Group, whose other flagship brands include the houses of Salon, De Castellane and Delamotte. Laurent-Perrier Group also acquired Chateau Malakoff as of 2004. With over 1,200 grape growers with supply contracts, Laurent-Perrier exports to more than 120 countries.

Laurent-Perrier rose to become   the world's third best selling champagne brand as of 2005, behind  Moët et Chandon and Veuve Clicquot.
Bussey Institution
The Bussey Institute (1883–1936) was a respected biological institute at Harvard University. It was named for Benjamin Bussey, who, in 1835, endowed the establishment of an undergraduate school of agriculture and horticulture and donated land in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts that became the Arnold Arboretum. Bussey, a silversmith, had bought the land from the Weld family in 1806, and built a mansion in 1815. When he died, he left 300 acres (1.2 km2) to Harvard. By 1871 the Bussey Institute had been built to a design by Peabody & Stearns.

Benjamin Bussey
Benjamin Bussey (1757—1842) was a prosperous American merchant, farmer, horticulturalist and patriot in Boston, Massachusetts, who made significant contributions to the creation of the Arnold Arboretum.  He was said to be "a man of excellent business capacity" and "one of the wealthiest and most influential men in New England."
Bull roast
A bull roast is a meal where beef, typically not an entire bull, is roasted over an open pit barbecue and then sliced up and served. It is similar in concept to a pig roast. The meat at a bull roast is sometimes pit beef and is often accompanied by oysters.

Pit barbecue
Pit barbecue is a method and/or apparatus for barbecue cooking meat and root vegetables buried below ground. Indigenous peoples around the world used earth ovens for thousands of years. In modern times the term and activity is often associated with the Eastern Seaboard, the "barbecue belt", colonial California in the United States and Mexico. The meats usually barbecued in a pit in these contexts are beef, pork, and goat.
Tredegar House
Tredegar House (Welsh: Tŷ Tredegar) is a 17th-century Charles II-era country house in Coedkernew, on the southwestern edge of Newport, Wales. For over five hundred years it was home to the Morgan family, later Lords Tredegar, one of the most powerful and influential families in the area. Described as "the grandest and most exuberant country house in Monmouthshire" and one of the "outstanding houses of the Restoration period in the whole of Britain", the mansion stands in a reduced landscaped garden of 90 acres (0.36 km2).  The property became a Grade I listed building on 3 March 1952 and has been under the care of the National Trust since March 2012. The park surrounding the house is designated Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

Ruperra Castle
Ruperra Castle or Rhiwperra Castle (Welsh: Castell Rhiw'r Perrai) is a Grade II* Listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument, situated in Lower Machen in the county borough of Caerphilly,  Wales. Built in 1626, the castle is in a ruinous condition as at 2023. Its grounds are listed on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.
Phaneropterinae
The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.  They are also known as false katydids or round-headed katydids.

The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing"; this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.

Phaneroptera falcata
Phaneroptera falcata, the sickle-bearing bush-cricket, is a species of orthopteran belonging to the subfamily Phaneropterinae. It is mostly herbivorous and commonly measures 24 to 36 mm long. It lives mainly in warm scrub and grasslands areas, also on dry shrubbery and in sand pits and gardens.
Antonín Holý
Antonín Holý (1 September 1936 – 16 July 2012) was a pioneering Czech scientist. He specialised in the field of chemistry and cooperated on the development of important antiretroviral drugs used  in the treatment of HIV and hepatitis B. He was involved in the creation of the most effective drug (as of early 2009) in the treatment of AIDS. Antonín Holý is the author of more than 450 papers, 400 scientific discoveries and holds 60 patents. With more than 400 discoveries to his credit, his work has affected millions of people with viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and many other viral diseases. In 2008 he received an Honorary Professorship at the University of Manchester's School of Chemistry.

Adefovir
Adefovir is a prescription medicine used to treat (chronic) infections with hepatitis B virus. A prodrug form of adefovir was previously called bis-POM PMEA, with trade names Preveon and Hepsera. It is an orally administered nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (ntRTI).  It can be formulated as the pivoxil prodrug adefovir dipivoxil.
Zamość County
Zamość County (Polish: powiat zamojski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zamość, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Szczebrzeszyn, which lies 21 km (13 mi) west of Zamość, Zwierzyniec, which lies 24 km (15 mi) south-west of Zamość, and Krasnobród, 22 km (14 mi) south of Zamość.

The county covers an area of 1,872.27 square kilometres (722.9 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 107,441, including a population of 4,991 in Szczebrzeszyn, 3,175 in Zwierzyniec, 3,091 in Krasnobród, and a rural population of 96,184.

Zwierzyniec
Zwierzyniec (Polish: [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt͡s]) is a town on the Wieprz river in the Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It has 3,324 inhabitants (2004).

Zwierzyniec is the northernmost town of the Roztocze National Park. The park comprises some of the last remaining sections of the primordial forest of Central Europe, especially spectacular stand of ancient beech trees (Bukowa Gora). It also is a rail junction, located along the Rejowiec Fabryczny - Hrebenne - Munina connection, with a branch line going westwards, to Stalowa Wola, via Biłgoraj.
David G. Mantell
David George Mantell (31 December 1836 – 13 December 1904) was a Scottish engineer who was the tenth Surveyor General of Ceylon and the first Chief Surveyor. He was appointed in 1894, succeeding P. C. H. Clarke, and held the office until 1896. He was succeeded by F. H. Grinlinton.

Frederick Grinlinton
Frederick Henry Grinlinton CMG FRGS FRMetS (27 March 1853 – 11 March 1938) was a British engineer who was the 11th Surveyor General of Ceylon. He entered the Ceylon Survey Department in 1870. He was appointed in 1896, succeeding David G. Mantell, and held the office until 1904. He was succeeded by Philip David Warren.

After retiring in 1904, he traveled to the Federated Malay States to advise on the creation of a Malay surveying department.

He was the son of Sir John Grinlinton.
Macquarie River
The Macquarie River or Wambuul is part of the Macquarie–Barwon catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is one of the main inland rivers in New South Wales, Australia.

The river rises in the central highlands of New South Wales near the town of Oberon and travels generally northwest past the towns of Bathurst, Wellington, Dubbo, Narromine, and Warren to the Macquarie Marshes. The Macquarie Marshes then drain into the Darling River via the lower Barwon River.

Lake Burrendong is a large reservoir with capacity of 1,190,000 megalitres (42,000×10^6 cu ft) located near Wellington which impounds the waters of the Wambuul Macquarie River and its tributaries the Cudgegong River and the Turon River for flood control and irrigation.

Dubbo
Dubbo (/ˈdʌboʊ/ DUB-oh; Wiradjuri: Dhubu) is a city in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with a population of 43,516 at June 2021.

The city is located at the intersection of the Newell, Mitchell, and Golden highways. Dubbo officially became a city in the year 1966. Dubbo is located roughly 275 m (902 ft) above sea level, 303 km (188 mi) north-west of Sydney (400 km (249 mi) by road) and is a major road and rail freight hub to other parts of New South Wales. It is linked by national highways north to Brisbane and Charleville, south towards Melbourne and Canberra, east to Sydney, Newcastle and Gosford and west to Broken Hill and Adelaide.

Dubbo is included in the rainfall and weather forecast region for the Central West Slopes and in the Central West Slopes and Plains division of the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts.
Lyncus
In Greek mythology, King Lyncus (Greek: Λύγκος, pronounced [ˈlyŋkos]) of the Scythians was taught the arts of agriculture by Triptolemus but he refused to teach it to his people and then tried to kill Triptolemus. Demeter turned him into a lynx as punishment.

Triptolemus
Triptolemus /ˌtrɪpˈtɒlɪməs/ (Ancient Greek: Τριπτόλεμος, romanized: Triptólemos, lit. 'Tripartite warrior'), also known as Buzyges (Ancient Greek: Βουζύγης, romanized: Bouzýgēs, lit. 'Bull-hitcher'), was a hero of Eleusis in Greek mythology, central to the Eleusinian Mysteries and is worshipped as the inventor and patron of agriculture. Triptolemus is credited with being the first to sow seed for cultivation after being taught by Demeter and is credited for the use of oxen and the plough. Xenophon claims that Peloponnesus was the first place Triptolemus shared Demeter's agricultural gift while Pausanias claims the Rharium plane near Eleusis was the first place to be sown for crops.

Triptolemus is depicted as a young man with a branch or diadem placed in his hair, usually sitting on his chariot, adorned with serpents. His attributes include a plate of grain, a pair of wheat or barley ears and a scepter.
Hallowe'en (Ives)
Hallowe'en, also initially entitled Allegro vivace: Hallowe'en, is a short composition for piano quintet by American composer Charles Ives. It was probably composed in 1907 and was part of Three Outdoor Scenes, a collection of pieces that also included Central Park in the Dark.

The Gong on the Hook and Ladder
The Gong on the Hook and Ladder or Firemen's Parade on Main Street, normally shortened as The Gong on the Hook and Ladder and also initially entitled Allegro moderato, is a short composition by American composer Charles Ives.
New Mexico State Road 126
New Mexico State Road 126 (NM 126) is a 39.654-mile-long (63.817 km) state highway in New Mexico, United States. NM 126's western terminus is in the small town of Cuba, at U.S. Route 550 (US 550). The route passes through the Nacimiento Mountains and Jemez Mountains, along the southern boundary of the San Pedro Parks Wilderness, then descends past Fenton Lake to the small, unincorporated community of La Cueva (east of Jemez Springs), where it ends at NM 4.

The highway is a part of the Jemez Mountain Trail National Scenic Byway. It is paved near Cuba and La Cueva, but is a graded dirt road for much of its middle section. This section is usually closed during the winter months, and may be impassable for a few days at other times because of muddy conditions resulting from rainstorms.

U.S. Route 550
U.S. Route 550 (US 550) is a spur of U.S. Highway 50 that runs from Bernalillo, New Mexico to Montrose, Colorado in the western United States. The section from Silverton to Ouray is frequently called the Million Dollar Highway.
It is one of the roads on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.
Hartsville Railroad
The Hartsville Railroad was a railroad that served eastern South Carolina in the late 19th century.

The Hartsville Railroad Company was chartered by the South Carolina General Assembly in 1884, with the goal of constructing a line starting from Hartsville, South Carolina.

The line was completed in 1889 and was acquired by the Cheraw and Darlington Railroad in 1895. The Cheraw and Darlington was acquired by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1898.  The line became the Atlantic Coast Line's Hartsville Branch.

Hartsville, South Carolina
Hartsville is the largest city in Darlington County, South Carolina, United States. It was chartered on December 11, 1891. As of the 2020 census, Hartsville had a population of 7,446. Hartsville was chosen as an All-America City in 1996 and again in 2016.  Hartsville has also been a National Arbor Day Foundation Tree City since 1986.

Hartsville is home of Coker University and a branch of Florence–Darlington Technical College. It is also the home of the South Carolina Governor's School for Science and Mathematics, a public boarding high school.

The city is served by the Hartsville Regional Airport.

Hartsville is home to several major corporations including Sonoco Products Company, Duke Energy's H. B. Robinson Nuclear Generating Station, Novolex, and Stingray Boats.
Secretary of State for Employment
The secretary of state for employment was a position in the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. In 1995, it was merged with secretary of state for education to make the secretary of state for education and employment. In 2001, the employment functions were hived off and transferred to the secretary of state for social security to form the secretary of state for work and pensions.

Secretary of State for Education
The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education, mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Singapore Pinacothèque de Paris
Singapore Pinacothèque de Paris was a private art museum formerly located in the Fort Canning Arts Centre at Fort Canning Park, Singapore. It opened to the public on 30 May 2015 and had its last day of operations on 10 April 2016, citing "weaker than expected visitorship and other business and financial challenges faced".

The museum in Singapore was the first international offshoot of Pinacothèque de Paris, a private museum in Paris which opened in 2007 and closed in February 2016 after going into receivership in November 2015.

Pinacothèque de Paris
The Pinacothèque de Paris (French: [pinakɔtɛk də paʁi]) was an art gallery in Paris, France, with exhibition space for temporary exhibitions of artworks. It was owned and run by Modigliani enthusiast Marc Restellini. It closed on 15 February 2016 after going into receivership in November 2015.