hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint, a Grade One race run on dirt on Friday of the Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships.

Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint
The Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint is a 7-furlong (1408 m) Weight for Age stakes race for thoroughbred fillies and mares three years old and up.  As its name implies, it is a part of the Breeders' Cup World Championships, the de facto year-end championship for North American thoroughbred racing, generally held in the United States (also held one time in Canada). The race is run on a dirt course (either natural dirt or a synthetic surface such as Polytrack).

The race was run for the first time in 2007 during the first day of the expanded Breeders' Cup at that year's host track, Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport, New Jersey.  In 2009, the race became a Grade I event.

The 2007 race was held at a distance of 6 furlongs (1207 m) instead of the normal distance of 7 furlongs because of the configuration of the dirt track at Monmouth Park.
Patimburak Old Mosque
The Patimburak Old Mosque (Indonesian: Masjid Tua Patimburak) is a mosque located in Kampung Patimburak, Kokas District, Fakfak, West Papua, Indonesia. The oldest mosque in Fakfak Regency, the mosque is one of the historical legacies of Islam in Papua and has become one of the centers of Islam in Fakfak Regency.

Fakfak Regency
Fakfak Regency is a regency of West Papua province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 14,320 km2 at the western end of the Bomberai Peninsula, and had a population of 66,828 at the 2010 Census and 87,894 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 93,963 (comprising 48,070 males and 45,893 females). The regency and its eponymous capital, Fakfak, are notable for being a Muslim-majority regency in the Protestant-majority island of Papua due to historic trading ties.
Bernheim Original
Bernheim Original is a wheat whiskey produced in Bardstown, Kentucky by Heaven Hill Distilleries. 
It is sold in glass in 16 oz pint bottles, glass 750ml bottles, glass 1-liter bottles. A relatively inexpensive whiskey, it compares to the rarer and more expensive Pappy Van Winkle.

Wheat whiskey
Wheat whiskey is a style of whiskey defined by having a grain bill which consists primarily of wheat. The United States government only allows a product to be labeled "wheat whiskey" when the mash is composed of at least 51% wheat. Like other American styles, a wheat whiskey may be labelled as a "straight" if it is aged for at least two years in new, charred oak barrels. As of 2022, only a handful of straight wheat whiskey are mass marketed, including Bernheim Original, Middle West, Old Elk, and Dry 
Fly. Some microdistilleries are in production of wheat whiskeys, but are made on a small scale.

There are many examples of wheat whiskeys in the German whisky industry.

While not true wheat whiskeys, some bourbon whiskeys are "wheated"; that is they use a certain percentage of wheat in their mashbills instead of (or complementary to) the more common rye. Such brands include Cabin Still, Maker's Mark, Old Fitzgerald, Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve, Rebel Yell, and W. L. Weller.
Sutton in Ashfield Urban District
Sutton in Ashfield was an Urban District in Nottinghamshire, England, from 1894 to 1974. It was created under the Local Government Act 1894.

In 1935, the district was enlarged with the incorporation of the Huthwaite urban district and the civil parishes of Fulwood, Skegby and Teversal.

The district was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and merged with Kirkby in Ashfield Urban District, Hucknall Urban District, and part of Basford Rural District to form the new Ashfield district.

Teversal
Teversal is a village in the Ashfield district of Nottinghamshire, England. It lies north of Sutton-in-Ashfield and 3 miles (5 km) west of Mansfield. It is close to the boundary with Derbyshire. Former names include Tevershalt, Teversholt, Tyversholtee, Teversale, Tevershall and Teversall. Teversal Manor is said to have inspired D. H. Lawrence to write his book Lady Chatterley's Lover.
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport
Ralph Wien Memorial Airport (IATA: OTZ, ICAO: PAOT, FAA LID: OTZ) is a state-owned public-use airport located on the south side of Kotzebue, a city on the Baldwin Peninsula in the Northwest Arctic Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

Kotzebue, Alaska
Kotzebue (/ˈkɒtsəbjuː/ KOTS-ə-bew) or Qikiqtaġruk (/kɪkɪkˈtʌɡrʊk/ kik-ik-TUG-rook, Inupiaq: [qekeqtɑʁʐuk]) is a city in the Northwest Arctic Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska.  It is the borough's seat, by far its largest community and the economic and transportation hub of the subregion of Alaska encompassing the borough.  The population of the city was 3,102 as of the 2020 census, down from 3,201 in 2010.
Kol uprising
The Kol uprising, also referred to in British records as the Kol mutiny, was a revolt of the tribal Kol people of the Chota Nagpur plateau that occurred between 1831 and 1832. The uprising was primarily triggered by economic exploitation resulting from the systems of land tenure and administration introduced by the East India Company.

The tribal communities of Chota Nagpur, including the Mundas, Oraons, Hos, and Bhumijs, were collectively referred to as Kols. Initially, the insurgents targeted and killed Sikh and Muslim thikedars (contractors) who were engaged in tax collection through various means. Subsequently, the violence extended to include attacks on Hindus in nearby villages, along with the looting and burning of their houses.

The rebellion was eventually suppressed through the killing and arrest of its leaders and their followers, under the command of Thomas Wilkinson.

Khokhra Chieftaincy
The Khokhra chieftaincy, also known as the Nagvanshi dynasty, was a principality that ruled the parts of Chota Nagpur Plateau region (modern-day Jharkhand) during much of the medieval and early-modern period. The chieftaincy came to prominence while the region was part of Bihar Subah in the Mughal Empire.

Legendary accounts trace the founder of this dynasty to be Phani Mukut Rai who lived during the 1st century CE, however the definite history of the Khokhra chieftaincy begins from the 15th century onwards.
Weighted random early detection
Weighted random early detection (WRED) is a queueing discipline for a network scheduler suited for congestion avoidance. It is an extension to random early detection (RED) where a single queue may have several different sets of queue thresholds. Each threshold set is associated to a particular traffic class.

For example, a queue may have lower thresholds for lower priority packet. A queue buildup will cause the lower priority packets to be dropped, hence protecting the higher priority packets in the same queue. In this way quality of service prioritization is made possible for important packets from a pool of packets using the same buffer.

It is more likely that standard traffic will be dropped instead of higher prioritized traffic.

Random early detection
Random early detection (RED), also known as random early discard or random early drop, is a queuing discipline for a network scheduler suited for congestion avoidance.

In the conventional tail drop algorithm, a router or other network component buffers as many packets as it can, and simply drops the ones it cannot buffer. If buffers are constantly full, the network is congested. Tail drop distributes buffer space unfairly among traffic flows. Tail drop can also lead to TCP global synchronization as all TCP connections "hold back" simultaneously, and then step forward simultaneously. Networks become under-utilized and flooded—alternately, in waves.

RED addresses these issues by pre-emptively dropping packets before the buffer becomes completely full. It uses predictive models to decide which packets to drop. It was invented in the early 1990s by Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson.
Hillbrush
Hillbrush, also known as The Hill Brush Company, is a British manufacturing, cleaning product, and hygiene company. Established in 1922 by Fred and Bill Coward as a family business, Hillbrush focuses on brush development, with other products including squeegees, shovels, buckets, and paddles.

Mere, Wiltshire
Mere is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England. It lies at the extreme southwestern tip of Salisbury Plain, close to the borders of Somerset and Dorset. The parish includes the hamlets of Barrow Street, Burton, Charnage, Limpers Hill, Rook Street and Southbrook.

The A303 trunk road passed through Mere until a bypass was built on the northern edge of the town in 1976. There is an old market square (although markets have not been held for several years), a chiming town clock and a large Grade I listed parish church. The steep slope of Castle Hill rises from the northwestern side of the town.
Hidden Lake (Alberta)
Hidden Lake is a small glacial lake in the Skoki Valley of Banff National Park, Canada. It is located in the Slate Range of the Canadian Rockies.

The lake can be reached by following a hiking trail for 8.4 km (5.2 mi) starting at Fish Creek, at the base of the Lake Louise Ski Area, near Lake Louise. A backcountry campground is situated one km before reaching the lake.
The lake is the starting point for possible ascents of Mount Richardson, Pika Peak and Ptarmigan Peak.

The glacial waters of the lake are drained by Corral Creek through the Sikoki Valley into the Bow River.

Skoki Valley
Skoki Valley is a valley in Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada near the Town of Lake Louise. The valley is home to many lakes and passes such as Hidden Lake, Ptarmigan Lake and Deception Pass. The valley is popular among backcountry hikers, skiers and climbers because of its untouched snow and views. To accommodate skiers in the 1930s the Skoki Ski Lodge and Halfway Hut were built out of logs by local outfitters. The Red Deer Lakes which are the headwaters of the Red Deer River are located near the valley at the foot of Skoki Mountain.
Curvature invariant
In Riemannian geometry and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, curvature invariants are scalar quantities constructed from tensors that represent curvature. These tensors are usually the Riemann tensor, the Weyl tensor, the Ricci tensor and tensors formed from these by the operations of taking dual contractions and covariant differentiations.

Curvature invariant (general relativity)
In general relativity,  curvature invariants are a set of scalars formed from the Riemann, Weyl and Ricci tensors – which represent curvature, hence the name – and possibly operations on them such as contraction, covariant differentiation and dualisation.

Certain invariants formed from these curvature tensors play an important role in classifying spacetimes. Invariants are actually less powerful for distinguishing locally non-isometric Lorentzian manifolds than they are for distinguishing Riemannian manifolds. This means that they are more limited in their applications than for manifolds endowed with a positive-definite metric tensor.
Insanity Radio 103.2FM
Insanity Radio 103.2FM is a community radio station broadcasting to north Surrey, England from Royal Holloway, University of London on 103.2FM and online. It targets young people in the 15-25 age bracket, broadcasting a varied schedule of locally produced programming for up to 18 hours per day during term time, and is run by members of the local community.

Live programmes run from early morning to late evenings on weekdays, starting at a later time of 9 am on weekends. Overnight, a selection of music from the station's playlists is played. In late 2013, the station reported having over 140 volunteers producing 92 weekly shows.

The majority of programming during the day takes a CHR format, playing music from the station's weekly playlists. There are also talk-based shows which discuss current affairs. In the evenings, specialist programming covers a wide range of genres including Asian, Blues, Electronic, Hip hop, Rock and classic pop.

Royal Holloway Students' Union
The Royal Holloway Students' Union is a students' union for Royal Holloway, University of London, affiliated to the National Union of Students. In the words of The Independent, it "has a reputation as one of the best unions in the London area", and is responsible for much of the University's on-campus entertainment provision. It helps provides support to all of the University's ratified Sport Clubs and special-interest societies, as well as providing independent support to advisory services to its members.
Phalangopsinae
Phalangopsinae, occasionally known as spider crickets, are a subfamily of crickets in the family Phalangopsidae.  Members of Phalangopsinae are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. Most species in the subfamily are nocturnal and can be found in rocky areas, near fallen wood, and the understory of forests.  Some species are gregarious, gathering in large numbers.

Phalangopsidae
Phalangopsidae, which includes the "spider crickets" and their allies, is a reconstituted (2014) family of crickets (Orthoptera: Ensifera), with the type genus Phalangopsis. Priority for family-group names based on this genus dates from Blanchard's "Phalangopsites".
Herigaut
A herigaut is a gown-like garment worn in the thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. Alternative spellings include herigald, heregaud, gerygoud and herigans. It was three-quarters to full length with hanging sleeves. Sometimes the sleeves were tucked at the top to increase fullness below. Although it was primarily a men's garment, women occasionally wore it as well. Along with the garnache, it is a variant of the garde-corps, and it is also related to the houppelande.

1400–1500 in European fashion
Fashion in 15th-century Europe was characterized by a surge of experimentation and regional variety, from the voluminous robes called houppelandes with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing giornea of Renaissance Italy. Hats, hoods, and other headdresses assumed increasing importance, and were draped, jeweled, and feathered.

As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. It is in this time period that fashion took on a temporal aspect. People could now be dated by their clothes, and being in "out of date" clothing became a new social concern. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the 15th century.
Bottomness
In physics, bottomness (symbol B′; using a prime as plain B is used already for baryon number) or beauty is a flavour quantum number reflecting the difference between the number of bottom antiquarks (nb) and the number of bottom quarks (nb) that are present in a particle:

Bottom quarks have (by convention) a bottomness of −1 while bottom antiquarks have a bottomness of +1. The convention is that the flavour quantum number sign for the quark is the same as the sign of the electric charge (symbol Q) of that quark (in this case, Q = −1⁄3).

As with other flavour-related quantum numbers, bottomness is preserved under strong and electromagnetic interactions, but not under weak interactions. For first-order weak reactions, it holds that .

This term is rarely used.  Most physicists simply refer to "the number of bottom quarks" and "the number of bottom antiquarks".

Flavour (particle physics)
In particle physics, flavour or flavor refers to the species of an elementary particle. The Standard Model counts six flavours of quarks and six flavours of leptons. They are conventionally parameterized with flavour quantum numbers that are assigned to all subatomic particles. They can also be described by some of the family symmetries proposed for the quark-lepton generations.
Glazert Water
The Glazert Water is a tributary of the River Kelvin in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is formed 1 kilometre (5⁄8 mi) south of Clachan of Campsie (55°58′49″N 4°13′17″W﻿ / ﻿55.9804°N 4.2215°W﻿ / 55.9804; -4.2215﻿ (Glazert Water, source)) at the junction of the Finglen Burn and the Aldessan Burn, which both descend from the Campsie Fells. The Glazert Water runs southeast for 6.5 kilometres (4 mi), flowing past both Lennoxtown and Milton of Campsie on the way, before finally joining with the much smaller River Kelvin 1 km north of Kirkintilloch (55°56′48″N 4°09′11″W﻿ / ﻿55.9467°N 4.1531°W﻿ / 55.9467; -4.1531﻿ (Glazert Water, mouth)).

Finglen Burn
The Finglen Burn is a burn in Scotland that runs from north east of the Earl's Seat (the highest point on the Campsie Fells) to just north of Campsie Village where it merges with the Kirk Burn to form the Glazert Water. Named tributaries of the burn from the earliest to the latest are as follows: Cooper's Gote, Flaughter Burn, Earl's Burn, Altmarrage Burn, Almarnock Burn, Horse Burn, Almeel Burn and finally the Pow Burn.

In the History of Stirlingshire by William Nimmo, the burn is said to be named "to the alleged ancient resort of Giants".
Stéphane Larue
Stéphane Larue (born 1983 in Longueuil, Quebec) is a Canadian novelist from Quebec. His debut novel, Le Plongeur, was a shortlisted finalist for the Governor General's Award for French-language fiction at the 2017 Governor General's Awards.

The novel also won the Prix des libraires du Québec and the Prix Senghor.

The Dishwasher, a translation of Le Plongeur by Pablo Strauss, was published on August 6, 2019 by Biblioasis. The translated edition won the Amazon.ca First Novel Award in 2020.

The Dishwasher, a film adaptation by Francis Leclerc, premiered in 2023.

Pablo Strauss
Pablo Strauss (born 1977) is a Canadian literary translator, originally from Victoria, British Columbia, and currently based in Quebec City, Quebec. He is most noted as a three-time Governor General's Award nominee for French to English Translation, receiving nods at the 2017 Governor General's Awards for The Longest Year (Daniel Grenier, L'année la plus longue), the 2019 Governor General's Awards for Synapses (Simon Brousseau), and the 2020 Governor General's Awards for The Country Will Bring Us No Peace (Matthieu Simard, Ici, ailleurs).

The Dishwasher, his translation of Stéphane Larue's Le Plongeur, won the Amazon.ca First Novel Award in 2020. What I Know About You, his translation of Éric Chacour's Ce que je sais de toi, was a shortlisted finalist for the 2024 Giller Prize.
Margery Byset
Margery Byset (Bisset, Bissett; also Marjery, Margaret, Marie) was an Irish noblewoman belonging to the Bissett family whose marriage to John Mór Tanister MacDonnell in 1399 laid the basis for the Clan Donald claim to the Glens of Antrim, the lordship of which her family had established in the 13th century. She is the ancestress of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg.

Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg
Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg, also known as Clan Donald South, Clan Iain Mor, Clan MacDonald of Islay and Kintyre, MacDonalds of the Glens (Antrim) and sometimes referred to as MacDonnells, is a Scottish clan and a branch of Clan Donald. The founder of the MacDonalds of Dunnyveg is Eòin Mòr Tànaiste Mac Dhòmhnaill, a son of Iain Mic Dhòmhnaill (John of Islay, Lord of the Isles) and Margaret Stewart of Scotland, daughter of King Robert II. Members of the clan actually pronounced and spelled their name  M'Connall due to the Gaelic pronunciation of the name Mac Domhnuill thus giving rise to the surname McConnell and its variants. While historically recognised as a clan by the Court of the Lord Lyon, it is now an armigerous clan as it no longer has a chief. The last chief was Sir James MacDonald, 9th of the Clan MacDonald of Dunnyveg or Clan Donald South, who died in London in 1626.
Krusha Peak
Krusha Peak (Bulgarian: връх Круша, romanized: vrah Krusha, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈkruʃɐ]) is the peak rising to 2800 m in Owen Ridge, southern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, surmounting Bolgrad Glacier to the southeast and Brook Glacier to the northwest.

The peak is named after the Bulgarian educator Zahariy Krusha (1808-1881).

Bolgrad Glacier
Bolgrad Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Болград, romanized: lednik Bolgrad, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ ˈbɔɫɡrɐt]) is the 7.4 km long and 5.7 km wide glacier on the west side of Owen Ridge in southern Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated south of Brook Glacier and north of Sirma Glacier.  It drains west-southwestwards from Mount Allen, Mount Liptak and Mount Southwick, and flows south of Krusha Peak to leave the range and join Bender Glacier east of Gilbert Spur.

The glacier is named after the Bulgarian High School of Bolgrad, a major Bulgarian education centre in Ukraine established in 1858.
Hypopomidae
The Hypopomidae are a family of fishes in the order Gymnotiformes known as the bluntnose knifefish. They may also be called grass or leaf knifefishes. These electric fish are not often eaten, of little commercial importance, rarely kept as aquarium fish, and poorly studied; however, species in this family may constitute a significant fraction of the biomass in the areas they inhabit.

These fish originate from fresh water in Panama and South America. The Hypopomidae are confined to the humid neotropics, ranging the Río de la Plata of Argentina (35°S) to the Río Tuira of Panama (8°N). Hypopomids are known from the continental waters of all South American countries except Chile, and are most diverse in the Amazon Basin.

Gymnotiformes
The Gymnotiformes /dʒɪmˈnɒtɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of teleost bony fishes commonly known as Neotropical knifefish or South American knifefish. They have long bodies and swim using undulations of their elongated anal fin. Found almost exclusively in fresh water (the only exceptions are species that occasionally may visit brackish water to feed), these mostly nocturnal fish are capable of producing electric fields to detect prey, for navigation, communication, and, in the case of the electric eel (Electrophorus electricus), attack and defense. A few species are familiar to the aquarium trade, such as the black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons), the glass knifefish (Eigenmannia virescens), and the banded knifefish (Gymnotus carapo).
Componential analysis
Componential analysis (feature analysis or contrast analysis) is the analysis of words through structured sets of semantic features, which are given as "present", "absent" or "indifferent with reference to feature". The method thus departs from the principle of compositionality. Componential analysis is a method typical of structural semantics which analyzes the components of a word's meaning. Thus, it reveals the culturally important features by which speakers of the language distinguish different words in a semantic field or domain (Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 20).

Principle of compositionality
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them. The principle is also called Frege's principle, because Gottlob Frege is widely credited for the first modern formulation of it. However, the principle has never been explicitly stated by Frege, and arguably it was already assumed by George Boole decades before Frege's work.

The principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is highly debated in linguistics. Among its most challenging problems there are the issues of contextuality, the non-compositionality of idiomatic expressions, and the non-compositionality of quotations.