hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Texture mapping
Texture mapping is a term used in computer graphics to describe how 2D images are projected onto 3D models. The most common variant is the UV unwrap, which can be described as an inverse paper cutout, where the surfaces of a 3D model are cut apart so that it can be unfolded into a 2D coordinate space (UV space).

Shader
In computer graphics, a shader is a programmable operation which is applied to data as it moves through the rendering pipeline. Shaders can act on data such as vertices and primitives—to generate or morph geometry—and fragments –to calculate the values in a rendered image.

Shaders can execute a wide variety of operations and can run on different types of hardware. In modern real-time computer graphics, shaders are run on graphics processing units (GPUs) –dedicated hardware which provides highly parallel execution of programs. As rendering an image is embarrassingly parallel, fragment and pixel shaders scale well on SIMD hardware. Historically, the drive for faster rendering has produced highly-parallel processors which can in turn be used for other SIMD amenable algorithms. Such shaders executing in a compute pipeline are commonly called compute shaders.
Jewish vegetarianism
Jewish vegetarianism is a commitment to vegetarianism that is connected to Judaism, Jewish ethics or Jewish identity. Jewish vegetarians often cite Jewish principles regarding animal welfare, environmental ethics, moral character, and health as reasons for adopting a vegetarian or vegan diet.

Jonathan Safran Foer
Jonathan Safran Foer (/fɔːr/; born February 21, 1977) is an American novelist. He is known for his novels Everything Is Illuminated (2002), Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2005), Here I Am (2016), and for his non-fiction works Eating Animals (2009) and We Are the Weather: Saving the Planet Begins at Breakfast (2019). He teaches creative writing at New York University.
Betty Mould-Iddrisu
Betty Nah-Akuyea Mould-Iddrisu (born 22 March 1953) is a Ghanaian lawyer and politician. A member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC), she was Minister for Education in Ghana from 2011 to 2012, after serving as Attorney General and Minister for Justice from 2009 to 2011. She was the first woman to lead the Attorney General's Office in Ghana.  Prior to politics, she had been the head of Legal and Constitutional Affairs at the Commonwealth Secretariat in London.

Mould-Iddrisu had been one of those thought to be the likely nominee for Vice President of Ghana on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC).

Attorney General of Ghana
The Attorney General of Ghana is the chief legal advisor to the Ghanaian government. The attorney general is also responsible for the Ministry of Justice. The Attorney General also serves as a member of the General Legal Council which regulates legal practice in Ghana.
Chung-guyok
Chung-guyok (Korean: 중구역; lit. Central District) is one of the 19 guyok which constitute the city of Pyongyang, North Korea. The district is located in the center of the city, between the Pothonggang Canal and Taedong River, and is bordered to the north by Moranbong-guyok, to the northwest by Potonggang-guyok, and to the south by Pyongchon-guyok.

Moranbong-guyok
Moranbong-guyŏk (Korean: 모란봉구역), or the Moranbong District, is one of the 18 guyŏk which constitute the capital city of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is located north of Chung-guyok, the city's central district, and is bordered to the north by Sosong and Taesong-guyoks, to the east by the Taedong River, and the west by the Pothonggang Canal and Potonggang-guyok. It is named after Moran Hill, located in the district's west area – Moran (Korean for 'peony'). It was designated a guyŏk in October 1960 by the Pyongyang City People's Committee.
Proposed railways in Sydney
Various railway lines have been proposed for Sydney, Australia, including both heavy rail extensions to the dominant suburban network, and more recently proposals for metro lines – one of which was completed in 2019. There have been various proposed light rail expansions, which are covered separately.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the brand name and operator of suburban and intercity train services in and around Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The metropolitan part of the network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core. It covers 369 km (229 mi) of route length over 919 km (571 mi) of track, with 169 stations on nine lines.

The network has frequencies of 5–10 minutes at peak-time at most inner-city and major stations, and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent. Nearly the entire fleet consists of bilevel electric multiple unit trains.

The network is managed by Transport for NSW and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2024–25, 270 million passenger journeys were made on the suburban network, making it the most-used rail network in Australia.
Mochi
Mochi (/ˈmoʊtʃiː/ MOH-chee; Japanese もち, 餅 [motɕi] ⓘ) is a Japanese rice cake made of mochigome (もち米), a short-grain japonica glutinous rice, and sometimes other ingredients such as water, sugar, and cornstarch. The steamed rice is pounded into paste and molded into the desired shape. In Japan, it is traditionally made in a ceremony called mochitsuki (餅搗き). While eaten year-round, mochi is a traditional food for the Japanese New Year, and is commonly sold and eaten during that time.

Mochi is made up of polysaccharides, lipids, protein, and water. Mochi has a varied structure of amylopectin gel, starch grains, and air bubbles. In terms of starch content, the rice used for mochi is very low in amylose and has a high amylopectin level, producing a gel-like consistency. The protein content of the japonica rice used to make mochi is higher than that of standard short-grain rice.

Mochi is similar to dango, which is made with rice flour instead of pounded rice grains.

Kue kochi
Kue kochi or koci (also known as passover cake in English) is a Maritime Southeast Asian dumpling-type kuih found in Javanese, Malay and Peranakan cuisine, typically made from black glutinous rice flour, and stuffed with coconut fillings with palm sugar.

In Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, this snack is often as a dessert and can be eaten at anytime (during breakfast or tea time). The black colour of the unpolished rice symbolises death, while the sweet filling represents resurrection.
MS Dover Seaways
Dover Seaways (previously Maersk Dover) is a Ro-Ro passenger ferry owned by DFDS Seaways and operated between Dover and Dunkerque. The ship was built for Norfolkline and was operated as Maersk Dover from 2006 to 2010 between Dover and Dunkerque.

In July 2010, DFDS Seaways purchased Norfolkline from Maersk, with the ship being renamed Dover Seaways and being rebranded in DFDS branding. Despite the takeover, Dover Seaways continued on the Dover-Dunkerque route.

Norfolkline
Norfolkline was a European ferry operator and logistics company owned by Maersk. It provided freight ferry services on the English Channel, Irish Sea, and the North Sea; and passenger ferry services on the English Channel and Irish Sea; and logistics services across Europe. Norfolkline employed more than 2,200 employees in 13 countries across Europe, operating out of 35 different locations.

Norfolkline operated 18 vessels and over 550 refrigerated trailers (including 200 with dual compartment units), 1,750 dry-cargo trailers, and 1,150 swap-body trailers for intermodal freight transport. In 2006 more than 1.5 million passengers used Norfolkline's ferry services across the English Channel between Dover and Dunkirk and on the Irish Sea (between Liverpool and Belfast & Liverpool and Dublin) and over 1.2 million freight movements were completed.

In July 2010, DFDS acquired Norfolkline; The Norfolkline routes and vessels were integrated into DFDS Seaways.
La Mancha
La Mancha (Spanish pronunciation: [la ˈmantʃa]) is a natural region and comarca located in the autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha (Spain), covering parts of the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca and Toledo. Its area varies according to authors: from 15,000 km2 to 30,000 km2 making it one of the most extensive natural plains on the Iberian Peninsula. It represents the center of the Southern Plateau, bordering the regions of Mesa de Ocaña, Montes de Toledo, Campo de Calatrava, Sierra Morena, Campo de Montiel, Campos de Hellín, Monte Ibérico-Corredor de Almansa, Manchuela, Serranía de Cuenca and La Alcarria.

Manchego
Manchego (Spanish: queso manchego, pronounced [ˈkeso manˈtʃeɣo]) is a cheese made in the La Mancha region of Spain from the milk of sheep of the Manchega breed. It is aged between 60 days and 2 years.

Manchego has a firm and compact consistency and a buttery texture, often containing small, unevenly distributed air pockets. The colour of the cheese varies from white to ivory-yellow, and the inedible rind from yellow to brownish-beige. The cheese has a distinctive flavour, well developed but not too strong, creamy with a slight piquancy, and leaves an aftertaste that is characteristic of sheep's milk.

The designation queso manchego is protected under Spain's denominación de origen regulatory classification system, and the cheese has been granted Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status by the European Union.
Youra Livchitz
Youra 'Georges' Livchitz (September 30, 1917 – February 17, 1944) was a young Jewish doctor who was a member of the Belgian Resistance and was one of three members who attacked a Nazi convoy to free Jews on a Holocaust train.

Marcel Hastir
Marcel Hastir (22 March 1906 – 2 July 2011), was an artist, theosophist and member of the Belgian Resistance during World War II. He lived from 1935 onwards at 51 Rue du Commerce, Brussels, which is also where he set up his studio. From the outset, it was a place where young musicians came to perform.

Today there are two prizes bearing his name which are awarded by the Académie Royale de Belgique (Belgian Royal Academy), one for music and one for painting.
Chatra Nandalal Institution
Chatra Nandalal Institution, in Serampore, was established in 1874 in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. It is situated on the bank of the Hooghly River and commands a riverside view of the cantonment town of Barrackpore.

Serampore
Serampore (also known as Serampur, Srirampur, Srirampore, Shreerampur, Shreerampore, Shrirampur or Shrirampore) is a city in Hooghly district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It serves as the headquarters of the Srirampore subdivision and is part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Located on the west bank of the Hooghly River, it was a pre-colonial city that was part of Danish India under the name Frederiknagore from 1755 to 1845.
Sarchenar, West Azerbaijan
Sarchenar (Persian: سرچنار) is a village in, and the capital of, Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Sowgoli Tappeh.

Sowgoli Tappeh
Sowgoli Tappeh (Persian: سوگلي تپه) is a village in, and the former capital of, Zarrineh Rud-e Jonubi Rural District in the Central District of Miandoab County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Sarchenar.
German Union of Building Trades
The German Union of Building Trades (German: Deutscher Baugewerksbund, DBB) was a trade union representing construction workers in Germany.

The union was founded on 1 January 1923, when the German Construction Workers' Union merged with the Central Union of Glaziers, and the Central Union of Potters.  Like its predecessors, it affiliated to the General German Trade Union Confederation.  In 1924, the Union of Asphalters joined, followed in 1931 by the Central Union of Roofers.  In 1924, the union had 435,156 members, making it the third largest union in the country.  It was organised in 18 districts.

In May 1933, the union was banned by the Nazis.  After World War II, a new Building and Construction Union was formed.

Central Union of Roofers
Central Union of Roofers (German: Zentralverband der Dachdecker) was a trade union representing roofers in Germany.

The union was founded in 1889.  It was based in Frankfurt and published the Dachdecker-Zeitung newspaper.  It was initially led by Wilhelm Rachwitz, then by Georg Diehl, until his death in 1917, when Theodor Thomas took over.  The union affiliated to the General German Trade Union Confederation in 1919, and also to the Building Workers' International.

Membership of the union was only 10,843 in 1928, and in 1931, the union merged into the German Union of Building Trades.
John M. Mugar
John Martin Mugar (April 5, 1914 – March 23, 2007) was an American business executive of Armenian descent. A member of the Mugar family of Greater Boston, he served as president and chairman of the Star Market chain of supermarkets.

Mugar family
The Mugar family of Greater Boston, Massachusetts,  is an Armenian-American family in New England business and in philanthropy, both in the United States and Armenia. The best known member of the family is Stephen P. Mugar (1901–1982), who founded the Star Market chain of supermarkets on which the family fortune was based. In its May 2004 issue, Boston magazine ranked the Mugar family sixth in its list of the 50 most influential Boston families.
Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary
Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in the Mandya, Chamarajanagar and Ramanagar districts of Karnataka, India. The Cauvery River passes through its midst. An area of 510.52 km2 (197.11 sq mi) was established as Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary on 14 January 1987 under Section 18 of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 with the objective of providing protection, conservation and development of Wildlife and its environment. The sanctuary was expanded to its current area of 102,753 ha (253,910 acres) in 2013. On its east, it adjoins Dharmapuri forest division of Tamil Nadu.

Grizzled giant squirrel
The grizzled giant squirrel (Ratufa macroura) is a large tree squirrel in the genus Ratufa found in the highlands of the Central and Uva provinces of Sri Lanka, and in patches of riparian forest along the Kaveri River and in the hill forests of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of southern India. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the species as near threatened due to habitat loss and hunting.
Williamston, Michigan
Williamston is a city in Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 3,819 at the 2020 census. Williamston is located east of the city of Lansing and borders Williamstown Township to the north and Wheatfield Township to the south.  The Red Cedar River and M-43 run through the center of the city.

Williamstown Township, Michigan
Williamstown Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  As of the 2020 census, the township population was 5,286. The city of Williamston occupies the southeast corner of the township, but the two are administered autonomously.
Kégresse track
A Kégresse track is a kind of rubber or canvas continuous track that uses a flexible belt rather than interlocking metal segments. It can be fitted to a conventional car or truck to turn it into a half-track, suitable for use over rough or soft ground. Conventional front wheels and steering are used, although skis may also be fitted. A snowmobile is a smaller ski-only type.

The mechanism incorporates an articulated bogie, fitted to the rear of the vehicle with a large drive wheel at one end, a large unpowered idler wheel at the other, and several small guide wheels in between, over which runs a reinforced flexible belt. The belt is fitted with metal or rubber treads to grip the ground.

Half-track
A half-track is a civilian or military vehicle with wheels at the front for steering and continuous tracks at the back to propel the vehicle and carry most of the load. A half-track combines the soft-ground traction of a tank with the handling of a wheeled vehicle.
GrandOrgue
GrandOrgue is a free and open-source virtual pipe organ simulator, which utilizes the wxWidgets widget toolkit.

It was originally developed as MyOrgan, a free version of Hauptwerk 1, starting in 2006.  The original author transferred the copyrights to Milan Digital Audio in 2009. Its main developers are Lars Palo, Oleg Samarin and Denis Roussel. It has builds for Linux, Windows, and OS X.

GrandOrgue is the free alternative to Hauptwerk software, it is free to download and use. With GrandOrgue, a user may download virtual replicas of real organs around the world, called sample sets. Many free sample sets are available, mainly from Lars Palo and Piotr Grabowski, but there are also downloadable ODFs (organ definition files) for commercially available organs for Hauptwerk, such as the virtual organ of the Abbey in Caen.

WxWidgets
wxWidgets (formerly wxWindows) is a widget toolkit and tools library for creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for cross-platform applications. wxWidgets enables a program's GUI code to compile and run on several computer platforms with no significant code changes. A wide choice of compilers and other tools to use with wxWidgets facilitates development of sophisticated applications. wxWidgets supports a comprehensive range of popular operating systems and graphical libraries, both proprietary and free.

The project was started under the name wxWindows in 1992 by Julian Smart at the University of Edinburgh. The project was renamed wxWidgets in 2004 in response to a trademark claim by Microsoft UK.

It is free and open source software, distributed under the terms of the wxWidgets Licence, which satisfies those who wish to produce for GPL and proprietary software.
Galičnik
Galičnik (Macedonian: Галичник) is a mountain village in North Macedonia and along with Lazaropole is one of the two biggest and oldest Mijak villages in the region. Galičnik has well-preserved traditional architecture, including an amphitheater in the village square, and is famous for its surrounding countryside and nature reserve. The village is known for the Galička Svadba, a traditional wedding custom held annually in summer (in July), on the day of the village feast of the Patron Saint – Petrovden (St. Peter's day). During the wedding, local men will dance the "Teškoto" (the "hard" or "heavy").

Lazaropole
Lazaropole (Macedonian: Лазарополе) is a village in the Municipality of Mavrovo and Rostuša, North Macedonia. Situated on a plateau at Mount Bistra and surrounded by beech and oak forest; at 1,350 m altitude, it is one of the highest settlements in the country.
Draug-class destroyer
The Draug class was the first multi-vessel class of destroyers built for the Royal Norwegian Navy  in the early 20th century and the first destroyers constructed for the Royal Norwegian Navy since Valkyrjen, which was commissioned on 17 May 1896. The class comprised three ships, Draug, Troll and Garm. All three were built at the Karljohansvern Orlogsstasjon. The Draug class were the last Norwegian-constructed destroyers until the Ålesund class was laid down in 1939. The Draug class saw service until the 1940s. In 1940, Garm was sunk while the other two remained in service until sold and broken up for scrap.

HNoMS Garm (1913)
HNoMS Garm was the third destroyer built for the Royal Norwegian Navy, and was a Draug class destroyer. Garm was constructed several years after her two sister ships, but to the same plans. She was built at the naval shipyard in Horten, with yard number 107.
Jeong-ja
Jeong-ja, also spelled Jung-ja, Jong-ja, or Chung-ja, is a Korean given name.

Typically, "ja" is written with the hanja meaning "child" (子). In Japan, where this character is read ko, it was originally used as suffix for the names of girls in the aristocracy. The practice of adding -ko to girls' names spread to the lower classes following the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Jeong-ja is one of a number of Japanese-style names ending in "ja", along with Young-ja and Soon-ja, that were popular when Korea was under Japanese rule from 1910 to 1945, but declined in popularity afterwards. According to South Korean government data, it was the sixth-most popular name for baby girls in 1940. By 1950 there were no names ending in "ja" in the top ten.

Soon-ja
Soon-ja, also spelled Sun-ja, is a Korean given name. According to South Korean government data it was the seventh-most popular name for baby girls in 1940. It is one of a number of Japanese-style names ending in "ja", like Young-ja and Jeong-ja, that were popular when Korea was under Japanese rule, but declined in popularity afterwards. By 1950 there were no names ending in "ja" in the top ten. The same characters correspond to a number of Japanese female given names, including the on'yomi reading Junko and the kun'yomi readings Ayako, Masako, Michiko, Nobuko, and Yoshiko.

People with this name include:

Soon Ja Du (born 1940), South Korean-born American convenience store owner

Jeong Sun-ja (born 1947), South Korean diver

Kim Sun-ja (athlete) (born 1966), South Korean sprinter

Lee Soon-ja (born 1939), South Korean former first lady, wife of Chun Doo-hwan

Lee Sun-ja (born 1978), South Korean sprint canoer

Park Soon-ja (born 1966), South Korean former field hockey player
Bahrain–Qatar relations
Bilateral relations between the State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Bahrain first began in 1971, when both countries gained independence from the United Kingdom. The two are often considered "sister nations", sharing close cultural and historical ties.

Despite their cultural and historical ties, the two have historically had fraught relations due to several territorial and diplomatic disputes.

On 5 June 2017, Bahrain along with three other Arab nations officially cut diplomatic ties with Qatar, giving the country's diplomats 48 hours to leave, and signaling the start of the Qatar diplomatic crisis. On 13 April 2023,  Bahrain and Qatar officially resumed their diplomatic relations, two years after the blockade on the latter was resolved.

Qatari–Bahraini War
The Qatari–Bahraini War (Arabic: الحرب القطرية البحرينية), also known as the Qatari War of Independence (Arabic: حرب الاستقلال القطرية), was an armed conflict that took place in 1867 and 1868 in the Persian Gulf. The conflict pitted Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against Qatar. The conflict was the most flagrant violation of the 1835 maritime truce, requiring British intervention. The two emirates agreed to a truce, mediated by the United Kingdom, which led to Britain recognizing the Al-Thani family of Qatar as the semi-independent rulers of Qatar. The conflict resulted in wide-scale destruction in both emirates.
Buckeye Border Conference
The Buckeye Border Conference is a high school athletic league located in extreme northwest Ohio.  The conference sponsors basketball, cross country, golf, and track and field for both boys and girls.  In addition, baseball is sponsored for the boys, and softball and volleyball are sponsored for the girls.

Toledo Area Athletic Conference
The Toledo Area Athletic Conference (TAAC) is a high school athletic conference located in northwest Ohio, with member schools stretched across Lucas, Williams, and Wood counties.  It was formed in 1988, and the league sponsors football, cross country, volleyball, golf, basketball, wrestling, baseball, softball, and track & field.