hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Feedlot
A feedlot or feed yard is a type of animal feeding operation (AFO) which is used in intensive animal farming, notably beef cattle, but also swine, horses, sheep, turkeys, chickens or ducks, prior to slaughter.  Large beef feedlots are called concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) in the United States and intensive livestock operations (ILOs) or confined feeding operations (CFO) in Canada.  They may contain thousands of animals in an array of pens.

The basic purpose of the feedlot is to increase the amount of fat gained by each animal as quickly as possible; if animals are kept in confined quarters rather than being allowed to range freely over grassland, they will gain weight more quickly and efficiently with the added benefit of economies of scale.

Pen (enclosure)
A pen is a fenced/walled open-air enclosure for holding land animals in captivity, typically for livestock but may also be used for holding other domesticated animals such as pets that are unwanted inside buildings. The term describes types of enclosures that may confine one or many animals. Construction and terminology vary depending on the region of the world, purpose, animal species to be confined, local materials used and tradition. Pen or penning as a verb refers to the act of confining animals in an enclosure.

Similar terms are kraal, boma, and corrals. Encyclopædia Britannica notes usage of the term "kraal" for elephant corrals in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Machilipatnam revenue division
Machilipatnam revenue division (or Machilipatnam division) is an administrative division in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 3 revenue divisions in the district with 12 mandals under its administration. Machilipatnam serves as the headquarters of the division. The division has 2 municipalities namely, Machilipatnam and Pedana.

Machilipatnam
Machilipatnam (Telugu: [mɐt͡ʃiliːpɐʈnɐm] ⓘ), also known as Masulipatnam and Bandar (Telugu: [bɐn̪d̪ɐɾ]), is a city in Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the administrative headquarters of Krishna district. It is also the mandal headquarters of Machilipatnam mandal in Machilipatnam revenue division of the district. The ancient port town served as the settlement of European traders from the 16th century, and it was a major trading port for the Portuguese, British, Dutch and French in the 17th century.
Nizhnedonskoy constituency
The Nizhnedonskoy constituency (No.150) is a Russian legislative constituency in Rostov Oblast. The constituency covers western Rostov-on-Don, its satellite cities Azov and Bataysk as well as south-western Rostov Oblast on the Azov Sea coast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Anton Getta, two-term State Duma member and All-Russia People's Front activist, who won the seat after defeating six-term A Just Russia – For Truth incumbent Mikhail Yemelyanov.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Southorn Playground
Southorn Playground is a sports and recreational ground in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. It comprises a football pitch, four basketball courts, and a playground.

Southorn Playground is bounded by Hennessy Road to the north, Luard Road to the west, Johnston Road to the south, and buildings to the east. It has been Wan Chai's main recreational area since the 1930s. It was named in 1934 after Sir Wilfrid Thomas Southorn, the Colonial Secretary from 1925 to 1936.

Though the site is not big, it is often used for district functions such as fun fairs and sports matches. It is also popular among local residents as a place for daily relaxation and socialisation.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
TV2 (Algerian TV channel)
TV2 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الثانية), formerly Canal Algérie (French pronunciation: [ka.nal' al.ʒe.ʁi]), English for the Algerian channel, is the second Algerian general public national television channel. The channel is part of the EPTV Group which also includes TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6, TV7, TV8 and TV9. The channel broadcasts its programs 24/7 via different platforms and all over the world.

TV5 (Algerian TV channel)
TV5 (in Arabic: الجزائرية الخامسة), also known as Coran TV (in Arabic: قناة القرآن الكريم), is the fifth Algerian public national television channel. It is part of the state-owned Public Establishment of Television, along with TV1, TV2, TV3, TV4, TV6, TV7, TV8 and TV9. It is dedicated to religious programs and Quran.
Bolshoy Kub
The Bolshoy Kub (Russian: Большой Куб) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a left tributary of the Veslyana, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama. The river is 37 kilometres (23 mi) long. The Bolshoy Kub flows into the Veslyana 121 kilometres (75 mi) from the larger river's mouth.

Veslyana
The Veslyana (Russian: Весляна) – is a river in Perm Krai and Komi Republic, Russia, a left tributary of the Kama, which in turn is a tributary of the Volga. 
It starts in the southeastern portion of Ust-Kulomsky District of the Komi Republic, about 7 kilometres (4 mi) from the border with Perm Krai. It flows through the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai and into the Kama River 1,193 kilometres (741 mi) from its mouth, 145 metres (476 ft) above sea level, near the rural locality of Ust-Veslyana.
The river is 266 kilometres (165 mi) long, and the area of its drainage basin is 7,490 square kilometres (2,890 mi2).
St Clement's Church, Moscow
St. Clement's Church (Храм Священномученика Климента, Папы Римского) is one of the two Orthodox churches in Moscow dedicated to a Roman Pope, St. Clement I. The massive five-domed two-storey church used to dominate the skyline of Zamoskvorechye. It was built between 1762 and 1769 on the site of a church erected in 1720.

The church is considered a major example of Elizabethan Baroque, but the architect is unknown. It has been often attributed to Pietro Antonio Trezzini, the architect of St Sampson's Cathedral in St. Petersburg. The belfry and refectory were designed by Dmitry Ukhtomsky and built in 1756—1758.

The church is renowned for its glittering Baroque interior and iconostasis, as well as a set of gilded 18th-century railings. The parish was disbanded in 1934 and the original free-standing gate was demolished. The Lenin State Library stored its books in the building throughout the Soviet period. It was not until 2008 that the building reverted to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Zamoskvorechye District
Zamoskvorechye District (Russian: райо́н Замоскворе́чье) is a district in the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow, Russia. It is a historic area notable for its eclectic architectural character, provincial atmosphere, and its many churches.
Jawan Singh
Maharana Jawan Singh (2 July 1800 – 30 August 1838) was the Sisodia Rajput ruler (r. 1828–1838) of Princely State of Udaipur. He was the only son of Maharana Bhim Singh to have survived his father. He was also a poet under the pen name of "Brijraj". He adopted his third cousin Kunwar Sardar Singh to succeed him as the next Maharana who was the great grandson of Sangram Singh II through his second son Kunwar Nath Singh of Bagore.

Sardar Singh of Udaipur
Maharana Sardar Singh (29 August 1798 – 14 July 1842) was the Sisodia Rajput ruler of Mewar(r. 1838–1842).He was the great grandson of Maharana Sangram Singh II, grandson of Maharaj Nath Singh of Bagore, son of Maharaj Shivdan Singh of Bagore who were the "Thikanedars" i.e a hereditary fief under their parent state of Mewar. He was adopted by his childless predecessor Maharana Jawan Singh to succeed him.Having died heirless was in turn succeeded by his brother Swarup Singh.
White-tailed alethe
The white-tailed alethe (Alethe diademata) is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is found in western Africa from Senegal to Togo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

It was recently split into two species from the fire-crested alethe (A. castanea).

Fire-crested alethe
The fire-crested alethe (Alethe castanea) is a species of bird in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It is found in central Africa, from Nigeria to Uganda. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

It has been recently split from the white-tailed alethe (A. diademata).
Wath Main Colliery
Wath Main Colliery was a coal mine situated in the Dearne Valley, close by the township of Wath-upon-Dearne, South Yorkshire, England. The colliery was operated by the Wath Main Coal Company Limited.

Sinking of the first of its two shafts began in 1873, the workings reaching the highly prized Barnsley seam three years later. To gain access to lower reserves the shafts were deepened, first in 1912 to reach the Parkgate seam and then, in 1923, to the Silkstone seam.

The colliery became part of the National Coal Board on nationalization in 1947 and it was amalgamated, along with other local collieries, with the adjacent Manvers Main Colliery on 1 January 1986. Closure came on 25 March 1988.

The site has been reclaimed and now contains Wath Country Park, which in May 2007 was sold off to developers to form a new housing development. The park lasted just 10 years.

Wath upon Dearne
Wath upon Dearne (shortened to Wath /ˈwɒθ/ or often hyphenated) is a town south of the River Dearne in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England, 5 miles (8 km) north of Rotherham and almost midway between Barnsley and Doncaster. It had a population of 11,816 at the 2011 census. It is twinned with Saint-Jean-de-Bournay in France.
Dorothea Beale
Dorothea Beale LL.D. (21 March 1831 – 9 November 1906) was a suffragist, educational reformer and author. As Principal of Cheltenham Ladies' College, she became the founder of St Hilda's College, Oxford.

Queen's College, London
Queen's College is a private day school for girls aged 11–18 with an adjoining prep school for girls aged 3–11 located in the City of Westminster, Greater London. It was founded in 1848 by theologian and social reformer Frederick Denison Maurice along with a committee of patrons. In 1853, it was the first girls' school to be granted a Royal Charter for the furtherance of women's education. Until 2024, the college patron had always been a British queen.

The college has a distinctly liberal ethos based upon the principles of F. D. Maurice.
Castellino del Biferno
Castellino del Biferno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Campobasso.

Castellino del Biferno borders the following municipalities: Campolieto, Lucito, Matrice, Morrone del Sannio, Petrella Tifernina.

Matrice
Matrice is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 7 kilometres (4 mi) northeast of Campobasso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,081 and an area of 20.4 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).

Matrice borders the following municipalities: Campobasso, Campolieto, Castellino del Biferno, Montagano, Petrella Tifernina, Ripalimosani, San Giovanni in Galdo.

At the beginning of the 20th century, many residents of Matrice began to immigrate to the U.S.
Stony Brook (Mehoopany Creek tributary)
Stony Brook is a tributary of Mehoopany Creek in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.3 miles (6.9 km) long and flows through North Branch township and Forkston Township. The brook has a tributary known as Red Brook. Logging was done in the upper reaches of the watershed of Stony Brook in the early 1900s.

Red Brook (Stony Brook tributary)
Red Brook is a tributary of Stony Brook in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 1.7 miles (2.7 km) long and flows through Forkston Township. The watershed of the stream has an area of 1.86 square miles (4.8 km2). The stream has been named one of the best places for hiking in Wyoming County and features waterfalls, cascades, cliffs, and boulders. Its headwaters are in Coalbed Swamp, a combined boreal conifer swamp and shrub swamp.
Al Souq (Doha)
Al Souq (Arabic: السوق, romanized: As Sūq; also spelled As Sawq) is a Qatari commercial district in the municipality of Doha. It was named for its high density of souqs (public marketplaces) in the southern section of the district.

Abdullah bin Jassim Street services numerous government buildings and banks in the northern end of the district, including Abdulla Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center, Qatar Central Bank, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the Supreme Council for Economic Affairs and Investment. All of the district's souqs are located south of Abdullah bin Jassim Street. Its souqs include Souq Al Badi, Souq Al Faleh, Souq Al Asiery, Souq Al Dira, and Souq Al Jaber.

Doha's largest souq, Souq Waqif, is located to the immediate west of the district in Al Jasrah, which is separated from Al Souq by Grand Hamad Street.

Souq Waqif
Souq Waqif (Arabic: سوق واقف, romanized: Sūq Wāqif, lit. 'the standing market') is a marketplace (souq) in Doha, the capital of Qatar. The souq sells traditional garments, spices, handicrafts, and souvenirs. It is also home to restaurants and shisha lounges. The original building is an example of traditional Qatari architecture and dates back to the late 19th or early 20th centuries. It was renovated in 2006.
Cylinder Audio Archive
The Cylinder Audio Archive is a free digital collection maintained by the University of California, Santa Barbara Library with streaming and downloadable versions of over 10,000 phonograph cylinders  manufactured between 1893 and the mid-1920s. The Archive began in November 2003 as the successor of the earlier Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Pilot Project.

Phonograph cylinder
Phonograph cylinders (also referred to as Edison cylinders after their creator Thomas Edison) are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Known simply as "records" in their heyday (c. 1896–1916), a name since passed to their disc-shaped successors, these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. The first cylinders were wrapped with tin foil but the improved version made of wax was created a decade later, after which they were commercialized. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium.
Genzano di Roma
Genzano di Roma is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani, at a distance of 29 kilometres (18 mi) from Rome, in the Alban Hills.

Alban Hills
The Alban Hills (Italian: Colli Albani) are the caldera remains of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, located 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Rome and  about 24 km (15 mi) north of Anzio.  The 950 m (3,120 ft) high Monte Cavo forms a highly visible peak in the centre of the caldera, but the highest point is Maschio delle Faete approximately 2 km (1.2 mi) to the east of Cavo and 6 m (20 ft) taller. There are subsidiary calderas along the rim of the Alban Hills that contain the lakes Albano and Nemi. The hills are composed of peperino (lapis albanus), a variety of tuff that is useful for construction and provides a mineral-rich substrate for nearby vineyards.
Enchanted Rock
Enchanted Rock is a pink granite mountain located in the Llano Uplift about 17 miles (27 km) north of Fredericksburg, Texas and 24 miles (39 km) south of Llano, Texas, United States. Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, which includes Enchanted Rock and surrounding land, spans the border between Gillespie and Llano counties. Enchanted Rock covers roughly 640 acres (260 ha) and rises around 425 feet (130 m) above the surrounding terrain to an elevation of 1,825 feet (556 m) above sea level. It is the largest pink granite monadnock in the United States. In 1971, Enchanted Rock was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. Enchanted Rock was rated in 2017 as the best campsite in Texas in a 50-state survey.

Gillespie County, Texas
Gillespie County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. Gillespie county is prominent in the Texas German belt region, a region settled by German emigrants in the 1800s.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 26,725. 
Gillespie County comprises the Fredericksburg, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is Fredericksburg. It is located in the heart of the rural Texas Hill Country in Central Texas. Gillespie is named for Robert Addison Gillespie, a soldier in the Mexican–American War.

On December 15, 1847, a petition was submitted to create Gillespie County. In 1848, the legislature formed Gillespie County from Bexar and Travis Counties. The signers were overwhelmingly German immigrants.

President of the United States of America Lyndon B. Johnson was born in the county's unincorporated community of Stonewall, and where he later maintained his ranch.
Anna Sick
Anna (or Anne) Laura Mahir Sick (10 July 1803 – 19 February 1895) was a German composer and pianist who served as the court pianist and Mistress of Piano to the court in Stuttgart.

Sick was born in Munich. She studied in Salzburg with Maria Anna Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's older sister. Her first performance was in Vienna in 1825, which was successful. She then studied under Carl Czerny, Josef Foerster, and Johann Aloys Miksch. In 1827, she toured across Germany, particularly in Augsburg, Munich, and Frankfurt. After 1827, she became a court pianist in Stuttgart, where she met and married the court assessor, M. Sick, in 1834. She also became a teacher. From then on, she stopped giving public performances, however she still performed privately. She was considered an excellent performer of Mozart, and on 1 October 1871, the Monthly Musical Record said that she was the “only distinguished player in Munich.” She died in Berlin.

Carl Czerny
Carl Czerny (/ˈtʃɛərni/; German: [ˈtʃɛʁniː]; 21 February 1791 – 15 July 1857) was an Austrian composer, teacher, and pianist of Czech origin whose music spanned the late Classical and early Romantic eras. His vast musical production amounted to over a thousand works and his books of studies for the piano are still widely used in piano teaching. He was one of Ludwig van Beethoven's best-known pupils and would later on be one of the main teachers of Franz Liszt.
Tenna, Nordland
Tenna or Kinnarøya is an island in Herøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The island has an area of 3.5 square kilometers (1.4 sq mi). It is traversed by Norwegian County Road 161, which also connects it to the neighboring island of Sør-Herøy, crossing the Tennsundet (lit. 'Tenna Strait') over the Tennsund Bridge. To the south lies the Andøysundet (lit. 'Andøya Strait'). The Husvær islands lie to the southwest of Tenna; they are connected to Tenna by a ferry.

Norwegian County Road 161
County Road 161 (Norwegian: Fylkesvei 161) is a 6.67-kilometer (4.14 mi) road in Nordland County, Norway. It is also locally named Sør-Herøyveien (lit. 'South Herøy Road'). It is located in Herøy Municipality and it connects Kjerkåsen to the island of Tennvalen. The road follows the southeast coast of the island of Sør-Herøy, crosses a bridge over the Tennsundet strait, and then continues southwest along the length of the island of Tenna, terminating at the island of Tennvalen.
Gede, Kenya
Gede (also known as Gedi) is a village near the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya, lying in Kilifi County, south of Malindi and north of Watamu. The Ruins of Gedi are located there. Although not thought to be mentioned in historic sources, extensive ruins of a former port have been dated to the thirteenth century or earlier, including a tomb with a date corresponding to 1399, until at least the seventeenth century. Later, the port was abandoned and not rediscovered until the 1920s.

The buildings are of coral, earth and plaster, some with designs inscribed. They include a mosque, palace, houses and tombs as well as a fort. The style is classified as Swahili architecture.

The modern village is home to a museum and a butterfly house.

Gede was part of the Malindi District (until it was eliminated in 2010) and it has an urban population of 596 in 2005.

Malindi District
Malindi District was a former administrative district in the Coast Province of Kenya. Its capital was the coastal town of Malindi. When it was merged with Kilifi district to form Kilifi County in 2010, the district had a population of 544,303 . Malindi Town is increasingly becoming known as Kenya’s "Little Italy". Italians own more than 2,500 properties, [usurped] and the number of Italian residents in Malindi town and its environs, estimated at over 3,000, is the largest European population compared to other European populations elsewhere in the country.
Verus I of Vienne
Saint Verus of Vienne or Verus I of Vienne (French: Vère or Vérus de Vienne, also Saint Vère; Latin: Verus Viennensis episcopus; fl. 4th century), is a saint of the Catholic church (feast day: 1 August) and a 4th-century bishop of Vienne in France.

Archdiocese of Vienne
The Archbishopric of Vienne, named after its episcopal seat in Vienne in the Isère département of Southern France, was a metropolitan Roman Catholic archdiocese. It is now part of the Archdiocese of Lyon.
Roukiatou Maiga
Traoré Roukiatou S. Maiga, recently more commonly known as Roukiatou  Maiga, (born 1965 or 1966) is a Burkinabé organization founder and humanitarian. Along with Diambendi Madiega, she was the regional co-winner of the Nansen Refugee Award in 2021.

Diambendi Madiega
Diambendi Madiega (born 1953 or 1954) is a Burkinabé traditional healer and the chief of the town of Bollé. He used his own land to support an influx of refugees from the Mali war. His refugees support activities resulting in him being a regional co-winner of the Nansen Refugee Award in 2021.