hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Metric temporal logic
Metric temporal logic (MTL) is a special case of temporal logic. It is an extension of temporal logic in which temporal operators are replaced by time-constrained versions like until, next, since and previous operators. It is a linear-time logic that assumes both the interleaving and fictitious-clock abstractions. It is defined over a point-based weakly monotonic integer-time semantics.

MTL has been described as a prominent specification formalism for real-time systems. Full MTL over infinite timed words is undecidable.

Linear temporal logic
In logic, linear temporal logic or linear-time temporal logic (LTL) is a modal temporal logic with modalities referring to time. In LTL, one can encode formulae about the future of paths, e.g., a condition will eventually be true, a condition will be true until another fact becomes true, etc. It is a fragment of the more complex CTL*, which additionally allows branching time and quantifiers. LTL is sometimes called propositional temporal logic (PTL).
In terms of expressive power, LTL is a fragment of first-order logic.

LTL was first proposed for the formal verification of computer programs by Amir Pnueli in 1977.
Hal Foster (art critic)
Harold Foss "Hal" Foster (born August 13, 1955) is an American art critic and historian. He was educated at Princeton University, Columbia University, and the City University of New York. He taught at Cornell University from 1991 to 1997 and has been on the faculty at Princeton since 1997. In 1998 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

Foster's criticism focuses on the role of the avant-garde within postmodernism. In 1983, he edited The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, a groundbreaking text in postmodernism. In Recodings (1985), he promoted a vision of postmodernism that simultaneously engaged its avant-garde history and commented on contemporary society. In The Return of the Real (1996), he proposed a model of historical recurrence of the avant-garde in which each cycle would improve upon the inevitable failures of previous cycles. He views his roles as critic and historian of art as complementary rather than mutually opposed.

Rosalind E. Krauss
Rosalind Krauss (née Epstein; born November 30, 1941) is an American art critic, art theorist and a professor at Columbia University in New York City. Krauss is known for her scholarship in 20th-century painting, sculpture and photography. As a critic and theorist she has published steadily since 1965 in Artforum, Art International and Art in America. She was associate editor of Artforum from 1971 to 1974 and has been editor of October, a journal of contemporary arts criticism and theory that she co-founded in 1976.

In 2025, she was awarded the Balzan Prize for her outstanding scholarly achievements and her foundational role in the establishment of contemporary art as a field of research.
Saab Trackfire
The Saab Trackfire is a remote weapon station, i.e. a remotely operated weapon system that can be fitted with either medium or light caliber weapons. It can be mounted on vehicles, ships and stationary platforms. It is manufactured by Saab Group.

Remote controlled weapon station
A remote controlled weapon station (RCWS), remotely operated weapon system (ROWS), or remote weapon system (RWS), is a remotely operated light or medium-caliber weapon system, often equipped with a fire-control system, that can be installed on a ground combat vehicle or sea- and air-based combat platform.

Such equipment is used on modern military vehicles, as it allows a gunner to remain in the relative protection of the vehicle.  It may be retrofitted onto existing vehicles, for example, the CROWS system is being fitted to American Humvees.
Le Grand Jeu (1934 film)
Le Grand Jeu is a 1934 French drama film directed by Jacques Feyder and starring Pierre Richard-Willm, Marie Bell, Charles Vanel and Françoise Rosay. It is a romantic drama set against the background of the French Foreign Legion, and the film was an example of poetic realism in the French cinema. The title Le Grand Jeu refers to the practice of reading the cards. Blanche asks whether her client wants the 'full works', the whole story: "Alors... je te fais le grand jeu?"

Poetic realism
Poetic realism (French: Réalisme poétique) was a film movement in France of the 1930s. More a tendency than a movement, poetic realism is not strongly unified like Soviet montage or French Impressionism but were individuals who created this lyrical style. Its leading filmmakers were Pierre Chenal, Jean Vigo, Julien Duvivier, Marcel Carné, and, perhaps the movement's most significant director, Jean Renoir. Renoir made a wide variety of films influenced by the leftist Popular Front group and even a lyrical short feature film. Frequent stars of these films were Jean Gabin, Michel Simon, Simone Signoret, and Michèle Morgan.
Kaminsky catalyst
A Kaminsky catalyst is a catalytic system for alkene polymerization. Kaminsky catalysts are based on metallocenes of group 4 transition metals (Ti, Zr, Hf) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). These and other innovations have inspired development of new classes of catalysts that in turn led to commercialization of novel engineering polyolefins.

A constrained geometry organotitanium complex in the (inactive) chloride form

Methylaluminoxane
Methylaluminoxane, commonly called MAO, is a mixture of organoaluminium compounds with the approximate formula (Al(CH3)O)n. It is usually encountered as a solution in (aromatic) solvents, commonly toluene but also xylene, cumene, or mesitylene, Used in large excess, it activates precatalysts for alkene polymerization.
Severo Ochoa
Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (Spanish: [seˈβeɾo oˈtʃoa ðe alβoɾˈnoθ]; 24 September 1905 – 1 November 1993) was a Spanish physician and biochemist, and winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)".

Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo raˈmon i kaˈxal]; 1 May 1852 – 17 October 1934) was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specialising in neuroanatomy, and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906. Ramón y Cajal was the first Spaniard to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience.

Hundreds of his drawings illustrating the arborization (tree-like growth) of brain cells are still in use, since the mid-20th century, for educational and training purposes.
Polystyle Publications
Polystyle Publications Ltd was a British publisher of children's comics and books that operated from 1960 to 1997, publishing such titles as TV Comic, I-Spy, Pippin, Countdown/TV Action, and BEEB.

The company's registered offices were at Polly Perkins House, Paddington Green, 382/386 Edgware Road, London W2. Its publications were distributed in the United Kingdom by The Argus Press Ltd of 12/18 Paul Street, London EC2. Overseas, Polystyle's publications were distributed by its sole agents: for Australia and New Zealand, Messrs Gordon & Gotch (Asia) Ltd; for South Africa, the Central News Agency Ltd.

TV Comic
TV Comic was a British weekly comic book published from 9 November 1951 until 29 June 1984. Featuring stories based on television series running at the time of publication, it was the first British comic to be based around TV programmes and spawned a host of imitators.
Thapaswini Poonacha
Thapaswini Poonacha is an Indian actress born in Virajpet, Kodagu. Her name is also spelled Tapaswini. She is known for her roles in the Kannada films Hari Kathe Alla Giri Kathe (2022) and Gajarama (2025).

Harikathe Alla Girikathe
Harikathe Alla Girikathe is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language comedy-drama film written by Giri Krishna and directed by Karan Ananth and Anirudh Mahesh. It stars Rishab Shetty in a dual role alongside Thapaswini Poonacha, Honnavalli Krishna, Rachana Inder, and Anirudh Mahesh. The music was composed by Vasuki Vaibhav. Film Produced by Sandesh Nagaraj under Sandesh Productions

Harikathe Alla Girikathe was released on 23 June 2022 where it received mixed reviews from critics.
Thomas J. Buckley
Thomas J. Buckley (February 3, 1895 – September 9, 1964) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Auditor from 1941 to 1964.

Prior to becoming state auditor, Buckley was an auditor for the Rug-O-Vator Company and a former WPA bookkeeper. He had never held public office and his victory was believed to be helped by voters who confused him with former state auditor Thomas H. Buckley, to whom he was not related.

Buckley died of a heart attack. on the day before the 1964 primary election.

Thomas H. Buckley
Thomas Henry Buckley (September 5, 1897 – December 1, 1960) was an American politician who served as Massachusetts Auditor from 1935 to 1939.

Buckley's son, John R. Buckley, served as Secretary of Administration and Finance of Massachusetts and was member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was not a relative of Thomas J. Buckley, who also served as Massachusetts Auditor (1941–1964).
Begnagrad
Begnagrad (the name coming from merging the words Beg na grad, transl. Escape to the Castle) was a Yugoslav avant-garde/progressive rock band formed in Ljubljana in 1976. They were a prominent act of the 1970s and early 1980s Yugoslav rock scene.

Soon after its formation, the band attracted the attention of the Yugoslav public with their unconventional instrumental compositions that combined elements of rock, jazz and traditional music. They released their self-titled debut in 1982, disbanding two years after album release. In the years following the disbandment, former members of the band released two more albums, Jodlovska Urška (1990), featuring the material originally recorded by the band in 1977 and intended to be released as their debut album, and Tastare (Theoldwones) (1992), featuring studio and live recordings from 1976 and 1977.

Jodlovska Urška
Jodlovska Urška (transl. Yodeling Urška) is the second studio album by the Yugoslav avant-garde/progressive rock Begnagrad released in 1990. At the time of Jodlovska Urška release, the band has been inactive for six years. The material released on the album was recorded in 1977 and originally intended to be released on the band's debut studio album.
1845 Royal Canal disaster
53°22′47″N 6°24′20″W﻿ / ﻿53.37976°N 6.40549°W﻿ / 53.37976; -6.40549
The Royal Canal disaster of 1845 occurred on the evening of 25 November 1845 along the Royal Canal near Clonsilla, County Dublin, Ireland when the night boat Longford, on its way from Dublin to the eponymous town of Longford, was accidentally steered into the bank of the canal, forcing it to tip over enough that it began to take on water, and sank. Overloading of the boat, and the rocky nature of the canal bank in which the incident occurred may have contributed to the sinking due to the weight of passengers shifting unexpectedly as the bow hit a solid obstacle. Of the 54 people onboard at the time of the accident, 15 died.

Longford
Longford (Irish: An Longfort) is the county town of County Longford in Ireland. It had a population of 10,952 at the 2022 census. It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county's population lives there. Longford lies at the meeting of Ireland's N4 and N5 roads, which means that traffic travelling between Dublin and County Mayo, or north County Roscommon passes around the town. Longford railway station, on the Dublin-Sligo line, is used heavily by commuters.
Penns Grove, New Jersey
Penns Grove is a borough in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,837, a decrease of 310 (−6.0%) from the 2010 census count of 5,147, which in turn reflected an increase of 261 (+5.3%) from the 4,886 counted in the 2000 census.

Penns Grove had the fourth-highest property tax rate in New Jersey, with an equalized rate of 5.556% in 2020, compared to 3.476% in Salem County and a statewide average of 2.279%.

Woodstown, New Jersey
Woodstown is a borough in Salem County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 3,678, an increase of 173 (+4.9%) from the 2010 census count of 3,505, which in turn reflected an increase of 369 (+11.8%) from the 3,136 counted in the 2000 census.

Woodstown was established on July 26, 1882, from portions of Pilesgrove Township based on the results of a referendum held that same day. The borough's incorporation was confirmed on March 3, 1925. The borough was named for early settler Jackanias (or Jaconias) Wood.
Sammy Black
Samuel Black ISM (18 October 1905 – 1977) was a Scottish footballer who played as an outside left.

Often regarded as the greatest player to have represented Plymouth Argyle, he is the club's all-time record scorer with 182 goals. His career began in his native Scotland with Kirkintilloch Rob Roy, where he was spotted by Bob Jack. He moved to Devon in 1924 and became an instant favourite with the club's supporters. His goalscoring ability made him stand out from other wingers and his partnership with inside left Jack Leslie became legendary, as the club challenged for promotion to the First Division during the 1930s. Nicknamed The Mighty Atom, Black was known to play with a cigarette stub tucked behind his ear. He ended his career with Queens Park Rangers and returned to Plymouth during the war to work in the Royal Naval Armaments Depot. He was inducted into the Plymouth Argyle Hall of Fame in 2004.

Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C.
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy Football Club are a Scottish football club based in the town of Kirkintilloch, East Dunbartonshire. Nicknamed The Rabs or The Roy, they were formed in 1878. They wear red and black hoops and currently compete in the West of Scotland League First Division.
Purusha Lakshanam
Purusha Lakshanam (transl. Characteristic of a great man) is a 1993 Indian Tamil-language drama film, written and directed by K. S. Ravikumar from a story by P. Vasu. The film stars Jayaram and Khushbu. It was released on 3 December 1993. The film was remade as Bhale Pellam in Telugu and in Mangalya Bandhana in Kannada.

K. S. Ravikumar
K. S. Ravikumar (born 30 May 1958) is an Indian film director, film producer, screenwriter and actor who primarily works in Tamil cinema and few Telugu films. He is one of the most commercially successful directors of Indian cinema. He has won many awards including one Filmfare Award South and five Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.
Lawson Harris
William Lawson Harris (June 30, 1897 – March 31, 1948) was an American director, actor, producer, and writer who made a number of films in Australia. He came to Australia originally at the behest of Arthur Shirley to work as production manager on The Throwback (1920) and stayed out there for a number of years. Harris was the father of actor and director John Derek.

The Throwback (unfinished film)
The Throwback was a proposed Australian feature film shot in 1920 from director Arthur Shirley. It was also known as The Comeback. Although the movie was not completed, eleven minutes of footage from it survive today.
Emil Mohammed
Emil Mohammed  also known as Farhan Ros is an Indian music composer, mixing engineer and  sound designer. He is a graduate from SAE School of audio engineering, Chennai. He works predominantly in Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema Industry. He is known for films such as Mera Naam Shaji directed by Nadirshah Dhairyam, Circus,Nanda Loves Nanditha, Ragini IPS, Kidi and Namo Bhootatma.

Circus (2009 film)
Circus is a 2009 Indian Kannada-language comedy thriller film directed and produced by Dayal Padmanabhan. It stars Ganesh and Archana Gupta in the lead roles.

Circus was released on 15 January 2009 and became an average venture at the box office.
Juan Orol
Juan Rogelio García García (August 4, 1897 – May 26, 1988), better known as Juan Orol, was a Spanish-born Mexican actor, film producer, director and screenwriter. Orol was a pioneer of the Mexican cinema's first talkies and one of the main promoters of the Rumberas film in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. His films have been described as cult films.

Rumberas film
The Rumberas film (in Spanish, Cine de rumberas) was a film genre that flourished in Mexico's Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. Its major stars were the so-called rumberas, dancers of Afro-Caribbean musical rhythms. The genre is a film curiosity, one of the most fascinating hybrids of the international cinema.

Today, thanks to their unique characteristics, they are considered cult films. The Rumberas film is one of the contributions of Mexican cinema to international cinema. The Rumberas film represented a social view of the Mexico of the 1940s and 1950s, specifically of those women considered sinners and prostitutes, who confronted the moral and social conventions of their time. The genre was a more realistic approach to the Mexican society of that time. It was melodramas about the lives of these women, who were redeemed through exotic dances.
Gibberellin
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence. They are one of the longest-known classes of plant hormone. It is thought that the selective breeding (albeit unconscious) of crop strains that were deficient in GA synthesis was one of the key drivers of the "green revolution" in the 1960s, a revolution that is credited to have saved over a billion lives all over the world.

Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore. The term is applied to the sprouting of a seedling from a seed of an angiosperm or gymnosperm, the growth of a sporeling from a spore, such as the spores of fungi, ferns, bacteria, and the growth of the pollen tube from the pollen grain of a seed plant.
Sharia and securities trading
Sharia and securities trading is the impact of conventional financial markets activity for those following the Islamic religion and particularly sharia law. Sharia practices ban riba (earning interest) and involvement in haram. It also forbids gambling (maisir) and excessive risk (bayu al-gharar). This, however has not stopped some in Islamic finance industry from using some of these instruments and activities, but their permissibility is a subject of "heated debate" within the religion.

Of particular interest are financial markets activities such as margin trading, short selling, day trading and derivative trading including futures, options and swaps which are considered by some as haram or forbidden.

Maisir
In Islam, Maisir (Arabic: ميسر, romanized: maisîr, maysir, maisira or قمار qimâr) refers to gambling. Maisir is totally prohibited by Islamic law (Sharia) on the grounds that:

"the agreement between participants is based on immoral inducement provided by entirely wishful hopes in the participants' minds that they will gain by mere chance, with no consideration for the possibility of loss".
Delia's Gone (film)
Delia's Gone is a 2022 drama film written, directed, and produced by Robert Budreau, based on a short story by Michael Hamblin entitled "Caged Bird Sing." It stars Stephan James, Marisa Tomei, Paul Walter Hauser, and Travis Fimmel.

Travis Fimmel
Travis Fimmel is an Australian actor. He is known for his role as Ragnar Lothbrok in the History Channel television series Vikings (2013–2017). He also starred in HBO science fiction series' Raised by Wolves as Marcus and in Dune: Prophecy as Desmond Hart and the second season of the Australian show Black Snow (2024).
Claudia Black
Claudia Lee Black (born 11 October 1972) is an Australian and American actress. She is best known for her portrayals of Aeryn Sun in Farscape (1999–2003), Vala Mal Doran in Stargate SG-1 (2004–2007) and Sharon "Shazza" Montgomery in the film Pitch Black (2000).

Black has appeared in numerous television series, particularly those in the science fiction genre. Her roles include Dahlia in The Originals (2015), Dr. Sabine Lommers in Containment (2016), and Klothow in Ahsoka (2023). She has also had prominent voice roles in video games, including Admiral Daro'Xen and Matriarch Aethyta in Mass Effect, Chloe Frazer in Uncharted, Morrigan in Dragon Age, Whitney Chang in The Amazing Spider-Man, Tess Everis in Destiny, and Samantha Byrne in the Gears of War series.

Containment (TV series)
Containment is an American drama limited series, based on the Belgian television series Cordon. The series was officially ordered as a series by The CW on May 7, 2015, and aired from April 19 through July 19, 2016. Julie Plec served as executive producer, alongside David Nutter. The series follows an epidemic that breaks out in Atlanta, leaving a section of the city cordoned off under quarantine and those stuck on the inside fighting for their lives.

On May 12, 2016, The CW announced that Containment would not be renewed and would remain as a limited series.
Tiziano Annoni
Tiziano Annoni (born 20 August 1955) is an Italian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1970s. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, paired with Ilario Passerini, he was eliminated in the repechages of the C-2 500 m and the semifinals of the C-2 1000 m event.

Ilario Passerini
Ilario Passerini (born 14 January 1952) is an Italian sprint canoer who competed in the mid-1970s. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, paired with Tiziano Annoni, he was eliminated in the repechages of the C-2 500 m and the semifinals of the C-2 1000 m event.
Fear Itself (band)
Fear Itself was a short-lived psychedelic blues-rock band formed by Ellen McIlwaine in the late 1960s in Atlanta, Georgia. The band featured McIlwaine on lead vocals and playing harmonica, rhythm guitar and organ. Chris Zaloom played lead guitar, and Bill McCord was on drums. Steve Cook played bass guitar and was the bassist on the band's one album, the self-titled Fear Itself. However, Cook left, and was replaced by Paul Album on bass.

For most of its time together the group was based in New York City and was part of the Greenwich Village music scene. The group performed at Woodstock Sound-Outs mini-festival in 1968.

The band's only album was released in 1968 on LP by Dot Records. It was produced by Tom Wilson.

After the album was released, Paul Album was killed in a car crash caused by a drunk driver. Following this the group separated. McIlwaine later moved to Canada and started a solo career.

The album was re-issued on CD in 2006 by World In Sound.

Fear Itself (Fear Itself album)
Fear Itself is the 1968 self-titled debut album by psychedelic blues-rock band Fear Itself. The album was produced by Tom Wilson. It was the only album to be released by the band before their breakup after the death of bassist Paul Album. The album features lead vocalist Ellen McIlwaine, who launched a solo career after the group disbanded.

The album was originally released on LP by Dot Records. It was re-released on CD in 2006 by World IN Sound under license from Geffen Records.