hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richmond—West Cape Breton
Richmond—West Cape Breton was a federal electoral district in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1935. This riding was created in 1924 from Cape Breton South and Richmond riding. It consisted of the County of Richmond and the part of the County of Cape Breton lying east of East Bay and south of the electoral district of Cape Breton South. It was abolished with a law passed to merge Richmond—West Cape Breton into Inverness—Richmond in 1933, which was duly carried out in 1935 with the election of the first member to the new riding.

Inverness—Richmond
Inverness—Richmond was a federal electoral district in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1935 to 1968.

This riding was created in 1933 from parts of Inverness and Richmond—West Cape Breton ridings. It consisted of the counties of Inverness and Richmond and  part of the county of Cape Breton (the municipal districts of Bateston (No. 24), Catalone (No. 15), Gabarus (No. 7), Grand Mira (No. 17), Louisburg Parish (No. 6), Main-à-Dieu (No. 5), and Trout Brook (No. 16)), including the town of Louisburg.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed between Cape Breton Highlands—Canso and Cape Breton—East Richmond ridings.
The Dovekeepers (novel)
The Dovekeepers is a 2011 historical novel by American writer Alice Hoffman. The novel tells a fictionalized account of the Siege of Masada (73–74 A.D.) by troops of the Roman Empire towards the end of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 A.D.).

Siege of Masada
The hilltop fortress of Masada, in present-day Israel, was successfully besieged and taken by Roman imperial forces between 72 and 73 AD, during the final period of the First Jewish–Roman War. At the time, the fortress was held by members of the Sicarii rebel group. The siege is recorded by a single contemporary written source, The Jewish War by Josephus. According to Josephus, the long siege ended with the mass suicide of the Sicarii and resident Jewish families.

In modern times, the story of the siege was revived as the Masada myth, a selectively constructed narrative based on Josephus's account. The mythical narrative became a national symbol in the early years of Israel's nationhood.
Fribourg
Fribourg or Freiburg is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.

Fribourg Cathedral
Fribourg Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Nicolas de Fribourg) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Fribourg, Switzerland, built in the Gothic style, on a rocky outcrop 50 metres above the river Sarine (Saane), dominating the medieval town below. It is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg.
Lemba people
The Lemba are an ethnic group currently residing in South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, of mixed Bantu and Yemeni ancestry.

Since the late twentieth century, there has been increased media and scholarly attention about the Lemba's common partial descent from Semitic peoples of West Asia. Genetic Y-DNA analyses have established a paternal West Asian origin for the majority of the Lemba population, while the matrilineal origins are exclusively from Sub Saharan Africa.

Sena, Yemen
Sena, officially known as Sana, (Yemeni Arabic: صناء, IPA: [sˤɑnaːʔ]; Old South Arabian: 𐩮𐩬𐩱 ṣnʾ) is an ancient abandoned town in Yemen located in the remote eastern Hadramaut valley. This village is distinct from the similarly named capital of Yemen, Sana'a (Arabic),  and the town of Sanāw in Oman.

The locality of Sena is frequently mentioned in the history of the Lemba people; who patrilineally primarily descend from Ancient Semitic traders who migrated to Africa and intermarried with Bantu women somewhere along the Swahili Coast, who then migrated both interolaterally and southwards into Southern Africa.
Fort Pierce South, Florida
Fort Pierce South is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Lucie County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,062 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Port St. Lucie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

St. Lucie County, Florida
St. Lucie County (Spanish: Condado de Santa Lucía) is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 329,226. The county's seat is Fort Pierce, while the largest city is Port St. Lucie, which makes up 62% of the county's population. St. Lucie County is the principal county of the Port St. Lucie, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Oakwell Hall
Oakwell Hall is an Elizabethan manor house in Birstall, West Yorkshire, England. The Grade I listed hall is set in period gardens surrounded by 110 acres (0.45 km2) of country park.

The house was built for John Batte. A recarved stone dated 1583 probably indicates the date of construction. The estate had been purchased by Batte's Halifax-born father, a receiver of rents to the Savile family, who lived at Howley Hall in Batley.

Oakwell Hall was immortalised in literature as "Fieldhead" by Charlotte Brontë, in her novel Shirley.

It is used in many TV productions, most recently the ITV drama Victoria.

Birstall, West Yorkshire
Birstall is a market and mill town in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Birstall and Birkenshaw ward, which had a population of 16,298 at the 2011 census. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and part of the Heavy Woollen District, Birstall is approximately 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Leeds and situated close to the M62 motorway. The town is situated between Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield and Wakefield.
Sliding window based part-of-speech tagging
Sliding window based part-of-speech tagging is used to part-of-speech tag a text.

A high percentage of words in a natural language are words which out of context can be assigned more than one part of speech. The percentage of these ambiguous words is typically around 30%, although it depends greatly on the language. Solving this problem is very important in many areas of natural language processing. For example in machine translation changing the part-of-speech of a word can dramatically change its translation.

Sliding window based part-of-speech taggers are programs which assign a single part-of-speech to a given lexical form of a word, by looking at a fixed sized "window" of words around the word to be disambiguated.

The two main advantages of this approach are:

It is possible to automatically train the tagger, getting rid of the need of manually tagging a corpus.

The tagger can be implemented as a finite state automaton (Mealy machine)

Part-of-speech tagging
In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging, PoS tagging, or POST), also called grammatical tagging, is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context.
A simplified form of this is commonly taught to school-age children, in the identification of words as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.

Once performed by hand, POS tagging is now done in the context of computational linguistics, using algorithms which associate discrete terms, as well as hidden parts of speech, by a set of descriptive tags. POS-tagging algorithms fall into two distinctive groups: rule-based and stochastic. E. Brill's tagger, one of the first and most widely used English POS taggers, employs rule-based algorithms.
Langvatnet (Fauske)
Langvatnet (lit. 'Long Lake') is a lake that lies in Fauske Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The 5.46-square-kilometre (2.11 sq mi) lake lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the town of Fauske. The village of Sulitjelma lies on the northeastern edge of the lake.  Water from the lakes Kjelvatnet and Låmivatnet flow into the lake from the south and east. The water from Langvatnet flows out through the Sjønstå River to the west towards the lake Øvrevatnet.

Fauske Municipality
Fauskeⓘ (Norwegian) or Fuossko (Lule Sami) is a municipality located in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Fauske. Some of the villages in Fauske include Nystad, Venset, Straumsnes, Sjønstå, Valnesfjord, Finneid, and Sulitjelma.

The municipality borders Sweden in the east, Sørfold Municipality to the north, Bodø Municipality to the west, and Saltdal Municipality to the southeast. The town is located on the northern shore of Skjerstad Fjord.

The 1,197-square-kilometre (462 sq mi) municipality is the 90th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Fauske Municipality is the 116th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 9,827. The municipality's population density is 8.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (21/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.8% over the previous 10-year period.
Oleg Taktarov
Oleg Nikolaevich Taktarov (Russian: Оле́г Никола́евич Такта́ров; born 26 August 1967) is a Russian actor and retired mixed martial artist. He was a practitioner of Sambo and Judo and competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Pride Fighting Championships. He won the UFC 6 tournament. He holds notable wins over Marco Ruas, Tank Abbott, Mark Kerr, and Anthony Macias.

UFC 45
UFC 45: Revolution was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on November 21, 2003, at the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. The event was broadcast live on pay-per-view in the United States, and later released on DVD.
Bernard Thévenet
Bernard Thévenet (French pronunciation: [bɛʁ.naʁ te.və.nɛ]; born 10 January 1948) is a retired professional cyclist. His sporting career began with ACBB Paris. He is a two-time winner of the Tour de France and known for ending the reign of five-time Tour champion Eddy Merckx, though both feats are tarnished by Thévenet's later admission of steroids use during his career. He also won the Dauphiné Libéré in 1975 and 1976.

Peugeot (cycling team)
Peugeot team was a French professional cycling team that promoted and rode Peugeot racing bikes.

It is listed as the most successful cycling team of all time on cyclingranking.com, with a large margin on the second placed team, Alcyon.
Vital Têtu
Vital Têtu (February 15, 1799 – December 2, 1883) was a political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Montmorency in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1836 until the suspension of the constitution in 1838.

He was born in Saint-Thomas, the son of François Têtu and Charlotte Bonenfant, was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Québec and worked as a clerk in the Lower Town of Quebec City before entering business on his own in 1826. In 1835, he married Virginie Ahier. Têtu was elected to the assembly in an 1836 by-election held after a second seat was added to Montmorency. From 1840 to 1842, he served as a member of the municipal council for Quebec City. Têtu was president of Assurance de Québec from 1866 to 1872. He died in Quebec City at the age of 84.

His uncle Félix Têtu also served in the assembly.

Félix Têtu
Félix Têtu (January 26, 1769 – October 12, 1853) was a notary and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Hertford in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1796 to 1800.

He was born in Saint-Thomas, the son of Félix Têtu and Marie-Madeleine Vallée, and was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He apprenticed as a notary and was licensed to practise in 1795. Têtu practised mainly at Quebec City. He served in the militia, reaching the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Têtu did not run for reelection in 1800 and was defeated when he ran in Dorchester in 1809. He died in Saint-Thomas at the age of 84.

His nephew Vital Têtu also served in the assembly.
Virginia State Route 113
State Route 113 (SR 113) is an unsigned primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The state highway runs 1.33 miles (2.14 km) from U.S. Route 11E (US 11E), US 19, US 421, and SR 381 north to US 11 and US 19 within Bristol.

U.S. Route 19 in Virginia
U.S. Route 19 (US 19) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Memphis, Florida, to Erie, Pennsylvania. In Virginia, the highway runs 88.89 miles (143.05 km) between two pairs of twin cities: Bristol, Tennessee, and Bristol, Virginia, at the Virginia–Tennessee state line, and Bluefield, Virginia, and Bluefield, West Virginia, at the Virginia–West Virginia state line. Between its endpoints, US 19 has lengthy concurrencies with US 11, US 58 Alternate (US 58 Alt.), and US 460 during its course connecting Abingdon, Lebanon, and Tazewell within Washington, Russell, and Tazewell counties in Southwest Virginia.
Miss West Virginia
The Miss West Virginia competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of West Virginia in the Miss America Pageant.

In the fall of 2018, the Miss America Organization terminated the Miss West Virginia organization's license as well as licenses from Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee.

The Miss America Organization reinstated the license to Shelley Nichols-Franklin of Martinsburg who was the former executive director of Miss Berkeley County (WV) between 2000 and 2019.

With Alaska became the latest state crowned the Miss America title, West Virginia is one of the few states along with Maine, South Dakota and Wyoming that has yet to win a Miss America, Miss USA, or Miss Teen USA title.

Courtney Bearer of Morgantown was crowned Miss West Virginia 2025 on June 21, 2025, at the Airborne Event Center in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.

Miss Georgia (U.S. state)
The Miss Georgia competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Georgia in the Miss America pageant.

Georgia has won the Miss America crown twice - Neva Jane Langley of Lakeland, Florida who won the 1953 Miss America title, and in 2015, when Betty Cantrell of Warner Robins was named Miss America 2016, making her the first native-born Miss Georgia to hold the Miss America title.

In the fall of 2018, the Miss America Organization (MAO) terminated Miss Georgia organization's license as well as licenses from Florida, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. On December 22, 2018; the MAO reinstated the license for the Miss Georgia organization to Trina Pruitt.

Audrey Kittila of Milton was crowned Miss Georgia 2025 on June 14, 2025, at River Center for the Performing Arts in Columbus. She represented Georgia and competed for the title of Miss America 2026, where she placed 3rd Runner-Up.
King's Guide to the Sands
The King's Guide to the Sands, or, during the reign of a female monarch, Queen's Guide to the Sands, is the royally appointed guide to crossing the sands of Morecambe Bay, an ancient and potentially dangerous tidal crossing in northwest England. From 1963 until 2019, the Guide was Cedric Robinson MBE, the 25th guide. In April 2019 Michael Wilson, a 46-year-old local fisherman, was appointed his successor. The guide is paid a nominal salary of only £15 a year but the holder of the post also has the use of the grade II listed 17th-century Guide's Cottage at Kents Bank, which is owned by the Crown and managed by the Duchy of Lancaster.

Cross Bay Walk
The Cross Bay Walk is a historical hiking route in Northwest England that crosses Morecambe Bay. It traditionally connected Hest Bank, Lancashire with Kents Bank, Cumbria. The exact route of the walk varies depending upon local conditions, but is usually between 6 and 8 mi (9.7 and 12.9 km) in length.
Reclusive ringtail possum
The reclusive ringtail possum or Monk ringtail possum (Pseudochirops coronatus) is a species of marsupial in the family Pseudocheiridae. It is endemic to the Arfak Mountains in the Vogelkop Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia.

Pseudocheiridae
Pseudocheiridae is a family of arboreal marsupials containing 17 extant species of ringtailed possums and close relatives. They are found in forested areas and shrublands throughout Australia and New Guinea.
Solid ink
Solid ink (also known as hot melt ink) is a type of ink used in printing. Solid ink is a waxy, resin-based polymer that must be melted prior to usage, unlike conventional liquid inks. The technology is used most often in graphics and large-format printing environments where color vividness and cost efficiency are important.

Printer (computing)
A printer is a peripheral machine which makes a durable representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. While most output is human-readable, bar code printers are an example of an expanded use for printers. Different types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, and thermal printers.
Gau Weser-Ems
The Gau Weser-Ems, formed on 1 October 1928, was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the core part of the Free State of Oldenburg, the state of Bremen and the western parts of the Prussian Province of Hanover. Before that, from 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.

Bremen (state)
Bremen (German: [ˈbʁeːmən] ⓘ), officially the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen; Low German: Free Hansestadt Bremen), is the smallest and least populous of Germany's 16 states. It is informally called Land Bremen ('State of Bremen'), although the term is sometimes used in official contexts. The state consists of the city of Bremen and its seaport exclave, Bremerhaven, surrounded by the larger state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
Edith McKay
Gladys Edith McKay (20 February 1891 – 30 January 1963) was an Australian writer and nurse who served in Serbia during World War I. McKay is best known for her 1947 novel "The House of Winston Blaker".

Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Services (SWH) was founded in 1914. It was led by Dr Elsie Inglis and provided nurses, doctors, ambulance drivers, cooks and orderlies. By the end of World War I, 14 medical units had been outfitted and sent to serve in Corsica, France, Malta, Romania, Russia, Salonika and Serbia.
Luguru people
The Luguru also known as  Rugulu, Lugulu (Swahili: Waluguru) and historically included the Kami   are a Bantu, matrilineal ethnic group from northern Morogoro Region of Tanzania specifically indigenous to Morogoro District, Mvomero District and Kilosa District of Morogoro Region and Kibaha District of Pwani Region in Tanzania. They speak the Bantu Luguru language and are native to the Uluguru Mountains that are named after them. In 2001, the Luguru population was estimated to be at about 692,000. Most Luguru are Muslim while a minority are Christian. However, many traditional beliefs and practices are still extant among them.

Luguru language
Luguru (Swahili: Kiluguru) is a Bantu language spoken by the Luguru people of the Morogoro region and the Pwani region of Tanzania. The name is also spelled Lughuru, Lugulu, Ruguru. It is closely related to Gogo and Zaramo, but is not intelligible with other languages.
Jacobsonia
Jacobsonia is a genus of fungi in the family Helotiaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Jacobsonia glauca.

The genus name of Jacobsonia is in honour of Edward Richard Jacobson (1870–1944), who was a Dutch merchant and naturalist.

The genus was circumscribed by Karel Bernard Boedijn in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, vol.13 on page 478 in 1935.

Helotiaceae
The Helotiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Helotiales. The distribution of species in the family are widespread, and typically found in tropical areas. There are 117 genera and 826 species in the family.

A question mark after the genus name means that according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, the placement of that genus in this family is uncertain.
Karsh (crater)
Karsh is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 58 kilometers. Its name was suggested by American resident Elizabeth Freeman Rosenzweig in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Karsh is named for the Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh.  The craters Carolan, Enheduanna, Kulthum, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

Karsh lies on the west rim of the much larger Rembrandt basin.

Kulthum (crater)
Kulthum is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 31 kilometers. Its name was suggested by Molouk Ba-Isa from Saudi Arabia, Swiss individual Riana Rakotoarimanana, and American residents Yehya Hassouna, David Suttles, Thorayya Said Giovannelli and Matt Giovannelli in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Kulthum is named for the Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum.

Hollows are present as bright areas on the central peak of Kulthum.

The craters Carolan, Enheduanna, Karsh, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

Kulthum is east of Rustaveli crater.
Kjeragbolten
Kjeragbolten  (English: Kjerag Bolt) is a boulder on the mountain Kjerag in Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The rock itself is a 5-cubic-metre (180 cu ft) glacial deposit wedged in a large crevice in the mountain. It is a popular tourist destination and is accessible without any climbing equipment. However, it is suspended above a 984-metre (3,228 ft) deep abyss. It is also a popular site for BASE jumping. The boulder is just southwest of the village of Lysebotn, just south of the Lysefjorden.

Lysebotn
Lysebotn is a village in Sandnes municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located at the eastern end of the Lysefjorden in a very isolated valley that is only accessible by a seasonal road or by boat. The name itself means the "bottom [end] of the Lysefjorden".  It's a destination for over 100,000 tourists annually, and it is an access point for the Kjerag mountain, a popular Base Jumping spot. There are cruises and an express boat to Lysebotn from Skagenkaien in the city of Stavanger, Lauvvik in Sandnes, and the village of Forsand.  All of which pass beneath the famous Preikestolen cliff on the way to Lysebotn.  Lyse Chapel, built in 1961, is found at Lysebotn. Lysebotn at one time had its own school, but that is now closed.
Thomas Estcourt (died 1624)
Sir Thomas Estcourt (c. 1570 – 4 July 1624) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1624.

Estcourt was the son of Thomas Estcourt of Gray's Inn and his wife Hannah Ascough. He matriculated at Magdalen College, Oxford, on 29 April 1586, aged 16 and was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1593. He became an Ancient of Gray's Inn on 11 February 1604. In 1607, he was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire and was knighted on 6 November 1607.

In 1597, he was elected Member of Parliament for Malmesbury. In 1624 he was re-elected for Gloucestershire but died later in the year.

Estcourt married Mary Savage, daughter of William Savage of Elmley Castle, Worcestershire.

High Sheriff of Gloucestershire
This is a list of Sheriffs and High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire, who should not be confused with the Sheriffs of the City of Gloucester.

The High Sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown (in England and Wales the office previously known as sheriff was retitled High Sheriff on 1 April 1974). Formerly the Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that the High Sheriff's functions are now largely ceremonial.  The High Sheriff changes every March.

As of 2006, the Sheriff's territory or bailiwick is covered by the administrative areas of Gloucestershire County Council and of South Gloucestershire District Council. Sir Robert Atkyns, the historian of Gloucester, writing in 1712 stated that no family had produced more Sheriffs of this county than Denys.