hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Times (Philadelphia)
The Times was a daily newspaper published from March 13, 1875, to August 11, 1902, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The paper was founded by Alexander McClure and Frank McLaughlin as an independent voice against party machine politics and corruption. Despite this, by the mid-1890s it had become aligned with the city's ruling Republican Party machine. The Times, along with Philadelphia papers such as the Public Ledger, the Press, and the Evening Telegraph catered to a middle-class readership, and by 1880, it had the third-largest circulation in the city, with 32,500 copies sold daily. Though the Public Ledger maintained its circulation lead through the end of the 19th century, the Times effectively competed with its older rival, and in 1900 both papers claimed a daily circulation of about 70,000 copies.

Adolph Ochs became proprietor and editor of the Times in 1901. The following year, he purchased the Philadelphia Public Ledger and merged the Times into his new acquisition.

Public Ledger (Philadelphia)
The Public Ledger was a daily newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published from March 25, 1836, to January 1942. Its motto was "Virtue, Liberty, and Independence". It was Philadelphia's most widely-circulated newspaper for a period, but its circulation began declining in the mid-1930s. The newspaper also operated a syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, from 1915 until 1946.
Andros, The Bahamas
Andros is an archipelago in The Bahamas, the largest of the Bahamian Islands. Politically considered a single island, Andros in total has an area greater than all the other 700 Bahamian islands combined. The land area of Andros consists of hundreds of small islets and cays connected by mangrove estuaries and tidal swamplands, together with three major islands: North Andros, Mangrove Cay, and South Andros. The three main islands are separated by bights, estuaries that trifurcate the island from east to west. It is 167 kilometres (104 mi) long by 64 km (40 mi) wide at the widest point.

South Andros
South Andros is a district of the nation of the Bahamas.

Geographically, South Andros is the southernmost third of the land mass colloquially called Andros, which includes the districts of North Andros, Central Andros, Mangrove Cay and South Andros. In 2022, the district had 3,711  inhabitants.
Kikugawa (town)
Kikugawa (Japanese: 菊川町, romanized: Kikugawa-chō) was a town located in Ogasa District, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. On January 17, 2005, Kikugawa was merged with the town of Ogasa to form the city of Kikugawa, and it ceased to exist as an independent municipality. The climate is generally warm, and the area is known for producing deep-steamed tea (Fukamushi or Kikugawa tea).

Kikugawa
Kikugawa (菊川市, Kikugawa-shi) is a city located in the western portion of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 28 February 2023,  the city had an estimated population of 47,714 in 18,775 households, and a population density of 510 persons per km². The total area of the city is 94.19 square kilometres (36.37 sq mi).  The city is known for production of green tea. The city's slogan is "Green for the Next Generation".
Samnangerfjorden
Samnangerfjorden (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsɑ̂mnɑŋərˌfjuːɳ]) is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The 22-kilometre (14 mi) long fjord is located in Bjørnafjorden Municipality and Samnanger Municipality. The head of the fjord is located in Samnanger, surrounded by the villages of Årland, Haga, and Tysse. The fjord flows to the southwest from there and eventually flows into the Fusafjorden (which later joins the large Bjørnafjorden). The fjord forms the southern boundary of the Bergen Peninsula.

Ådland, Norway
Ådland is a village in Samnanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northeastern shore of the Samnangerfjorden, west of the village of Haga. It sits along Norwegian County Road 49, which runs from Bergen Municipality to Samnanger Municipality. Ådland Church is located in this village.

The newspaper Samningen has been published in Ådland since 1977.
Kenai Mountains
The Kenai Mountains (Dena'ina: Yaghanen Dghili) are a mountain range in the U.S. state of Alaska. They extend 120 miles (190 km) northeast from the southern end of the Kenai Peninsula to the Chugach Mountains, and have an average elevation of 3,000 to 5,000 feet.

The Harding and Sargent Icefields, as well as the many glaciers that emanate from them, originate in the Kenai Mountains. Several prime fish-producing rivers, including the Kenai River and the Russian River, also flow from the mountains.

The Dena'ina call the mountains Yaghanen Dghili, meaning "good land mountains". The name "Kenai" was first published by Constantin Grewingk in 1849, who obtained his information from I. G. Wosnesenski's account of a voyage to the area in 1842.

Harding Icefield
The Harding Icefield is an expansive icefield located in the Kenai Mountains of the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. It is also partially located in Kenai Fjords National Park. It is named for U.S. President Warren G. Harding.
Warren Cove (Massachusetts)
Warren Cove is an exclusive oceanfront residential area Plymouth Bay in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Plymouth Beach and Rocky Point surround the southern edge of the cove.  Stately homes along Warren Avenue and Rocky Hill Road have a commanding view of Plymouth Long Beach, Gurnet Light, Duxbury Bay, "Bug Light", Saquish, and Kingston Shores.

Panoramic view

41°56′45″N 70°37′34″W﻿ / ﻿41.94583°N 70.62611°W﻿ / 41.94583; -70.62611

Rocky Point (Massachusetts)
41°56′59″N 70°35′00″W﻿ / ﻿41.94972°N 70.58333°W﻿ / 41.94972; -70.58333

Rocky Point is a peninsula in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The peninsula runs along Warren Cove and Plymouth Bay. The tip of the peninsula marks the convergence of Plymouth Bay and the larger Cape Cod Bay. The land rising from Plymouth Bay is considered to be the foothills to the Pine Hills.

The neighborhood of the same name runs along the shoreline from Route 3A just south of the merge with Plimoth Patuxet Highway to the Pilgrim Nuclear Generating Station. Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses is located in the midsection of the neighborhood.
Allied Communication Procedures
Allied Communication Procedures is the set of manuals and supplements published by the Combined Communications Electronics Board that prescribe the methods and standards to be used while conducting visual, audible, radiotelegraph, and radiotelephone communications within NATO member nations. These procedures relate to procedure words, radiotelephony procedure, Allied Military phonetic spelling alphabets, plain language radio checks, the 16-line message format (radiogram), and others.

16-line message format
16-line message format, or Basic Message Format, is the NATO standard military radiogram format for the manner in which a paper message form is transcribed through voice, Morse code, or Teletypewriter transmission formats. The overall structure of the message has three parts: HEADING (which can use as many as 10 of the format's 16 lines), TEXT (line 12), and ENDING. This heading is further divided into procedure, preamble, address, and prefix. Each format line contains pre-defined content. An actual message may have fewer than 16 actual lines, or far more than 16, because some lines are skipped in some delivery methods, and a long message may have a TEXT portion that is longer than 16 lines by itself.

This radiotelegraph message format (also "radio teletype message format", "teletypewriter message format", and "radiotelephone message format") and transmission procedures have been documented in numerous military standards, going back to at least World War II-era U.S. Army manuals.
Graham Brightwell
Graham Brightwell is a British mathematician working in the field of discrete mathematics.

A professor at the London School of Economics, he has published nearly 100 papers in pure mathematics, including over a dozen with Béla Bollobás. His research interests include random combinatorial structures; partially ordered sets; algorithms; random graphs; discrete mathematics and graph theory. (Bollobás supervised his PhD on "Linear Extensions of Partially Ordered Sets" at Cambridge, awarded 1988.)

Béla Bollobás
Béla Bollobás FRS (born 3 August 1943) is a Hungarian-born British mathematician who has worked in various areas of mathematics, including functional analysis, combinatorics, graph theory, and percolation theory. He was strongly influenced by Paul Erdős from the age of 14. He is currently a professor and chair of excellence at the University of Memphis.
African-American organized crime
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, African American organized crime emerged following the first and second large-scale migrations of African Americans from the Southern United States to major cities of the Northeast, Midwest, and later the West Coast. In many of these newly established communities and neighborhoods, criminal activities such as illegal gambling (e.g. the numbers racket) and speakeasies were seen in the post-World War I and Prohibition eras. Although the majority of these businesses in African-American neighborhoods were operated by African-Americans, it is often unclear the extent to which these operations were run independently of the larger criminal organizations of the time.

Nicky Barnes
Leroy Nicholas Barnes (October 15, 1933 – 2012) was an American crime boss, active in New York City during the 1970s.

In 1972, Barnes formed The Council, a seven-man African-American organized crime syndicate that controlled a significant part of the heroin trade in the Harlem area of New York City. Barnes led The Council into an international drug trafficking ring, in partnership with the Italian-American Mafia, until his arrest in 1977. Barnes was sentenced to life imprisonment, eventually becoming a federal informant that led to the collapse of The Council in 1982. Barnes was living under the United States Marshals Service in Witness protection at the time of his death, and his obituary appeared in The New York Times seven years after his death.

In 2007, Barnes released a book, Mr. Untouchable, written with Tom Folsom, and a documentary DVD of the same title about his life.
Marguerite-Bourgeoys
Marguerite-Bourgeoys (French pronunciation: [maʁɡəʁit buʁʒwa]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montreal region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. It comprises the LaSalle borough of the city of Montreal.

It was created for the 1966 election from parts of Jacques-Cartier and Montréal–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce electoral districts.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, it gained some territory from Marquette electoral district.

It was named after Saint Marguerite Bourgeoys.

LaSalle, Quebec
LaSalle (French pronunciation: [lasal] ⓘ) is the most southerly borough (arrondissement) of the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the south-west portion of the Island of Montreal, along the Saint Lawrence River. Prior to 2002, it was a separate municipality that had been incorporated in 1912.
Cossoine
Cossoine is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) north of Cagliari and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Sassari.

Cossoine borders the following municipalities: Bonorva, Cheremule, Giave, Mara, Padria, Pozzomaggiore, Romana, Semestene, Thiesi.

Sights include the churches of Santa Maria Iscalas, an example of Byzantine architecture (6th-11th centuries), and Santa Chiara, in Romanesque-Gothic-Aragonese style (16th century).

Pozzomaggiore
Pozzomaggiore (Sardinian: Puthumajore) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Sassari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,871 and an area of 79.4 square kilometres (30.7 sq mi).

Pozzomaggiore borders the following municipalities: Bosa, Cossoine, Mara, Padria, Semestene, Sindia, and Suni.
French ship Heureux
Heureux was a Centaure-class 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.

Was captured in Toulon by the British in August 1793 but was retaken by the French on December in the same year. She cruised in the Mediterranean in 1794 and 1795.

Under Captain Jean-Pierre Etienne, she took part in the Expedition to Egypt, and in the Battle of the Nile. The first ship to spot the British fleet on 1 August, Heureux fought the next day and was forced to strike her colours. Too badly damaged for repairs, she was burnt on 29 August 1798.

Centaure-class ship of the line
The Centaure class was a class of 74-gun ships of the line of the French Navy, comprising four ships, all of which built at Toulon Dockyard to a design dated 28 March 1782 by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb in the year following the close of the American Revolutionary War.  The first pair were ordered on 15 February 1782, and were named on 13 April. After the first two ships were begun, the design was amended for the second pair (which were 5¼ feet longer, and also had slightly less breadth and depth in hold) – which are accordingly often described as the Séduisant class. This second pair were ordered on 1 June 1782 and named on 21 August. All four ships were destroyed by the Royal Navy or wrecked during the French Revolutionary Wars.
1982 VFL grand final
The 1982 VFL grand final was an Australian rules football game contested between the   Carlton Football Club and Richmond Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 25 September 1982. It was the 86th annual grand final of the Victorian Football League, staged to determine the premiers for the 1982 VFL season. The match, attended by 107,536 spectators, was won by Carlton.

Warren Jones (footballer)
Warren "Wow" Jones (born 2 November 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton and St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

New Zealand born Jones was a 200 cm ruckman and was recruited to Carlton from Morningside. For most of his time at Carlton he was their second choice ruckman with Mike Fitzpatrick being their first choice, meaning that Jones often started games on the bench including in their 1982 premiership team. He later suffered from a bout of glandular fever which stalled his career and in 1986 he crossed to St Kilda where he played for three more years.
Buddhism in China
Buddhism is followed by more than 40 million people in China, accounting for around 4% of the country's population. There are three main Buddhist branches there; Han or Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Theravada Buddhism. There is no definitive answer to the time when Buddhism was first introduced to China, but it is generally believed that this occurred around the time of the Han dynasty.

Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
The Four Buddhist Persecutions in China (Chinese: 三武一宗法難) were the wholesale suppression of Buddhism carried out on four occasions from the 5th through the 10th century by four Chinese emperors: Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou dynasty, Emperor Wuzong of the Tang dynasty, and Emperor Shizong of the Later Zhou dynasty. The first three events are collectively known as the Three Disasters of Wu (Chinese: 三武之禍; pinyin: sān wǔ zhī huò); they were named as such because the posthumous names or temple names of all three emperors who carried out the persecutions included the character Wu (武).
Jeholornis
Jeholornis (meaning "Jehol bird") is a genus of avialan dinosaurs that lived between approximately 122 and 120 million years ago during the early Cretaceous Period in China. Fossil Jeholornis were first discovered in the Jiufotang Formation in Hebei Province, China (in what was previously Rehe Province, also known as Jehol—hence the name) and additional specimens have been found in the older Yixian Formation.

Jeholornis had long tails and few small teeth, and were approximately the size of turkeys, making them among the largest avialans known until the Late Cretaceous. Their diet included seeds of cycads, Ginkgo or similar plants.

Jiufotang Formation
The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组; pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ; previoiusly transliterated as Chiufotang Formation) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. New uranium-lead dates reveal the formation is deposited in the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of Microraptor and Jeholornis are from the Jiufotang.
Picha
Jean-Paul "Picha" Walravens (Brussels, Belgium, 2 July 1942) is a Belgian cartoonist, comics artist, animator and film director. He is most famous for his adult animated films, such as Tarzoon: Shame of the Jungle.

The Missing Link (1980 film)
The Missing Link (French: Le Chaînon manquant) is a 1980 adult animated comedy film directed by Picha, and co-produced by Pils Film (Belgium) and S.N.D. (France). The film was entered into the 1980 Cannes Film Festival, but lost out to All That Jazz and Kagemusha.
Georgics
The Georgics (/ˈdʒɔːrdʒɪks/ JOR-jiks; Latin: Georgica [ɡeˈoːrɡɪka]) is a poem by Latin poet Virgil, likely published in 29 BCE. As the name suggests (from the Greek word γεωργικά, geōrgiká, i.e. "agricultural [things]"), the subject of the poem is agriculture; but far from being an example of peaceful rural poetry, it is a work characterized by tensions in both theme and purpose.

The Georgics is considered Virgil's second major work, following his Eclogues and preceding the Aeneid. The poem draws on a variety of prior sources and has influenced many later authors from antiquity to the present.

Didacticism
Didacticism is a philosophy that emphasises instructional and informative qualities in literature, art, and design. In art, design, architecture, and landscape, didacticism is a conceptual approach that is driven by the urgent need to explain.
Verkhoyansk Range
The Verkhoyansk Range (Russian: Верхоянский хребет, Verhoyanskiy Khrebet; Yakut: Үөһээ Дьааҥы сис хайата, romanized: Üöhee Caañı sis xayata) is a mountain range in the Sakha Republic, Russia, near the settlement of Verkhoyansk, known for its frigid climate. It is part of the East Siberian Mountains.

The range lies just west of the boundary of the Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates. The mountains were formed by folding, and represent an anticline.

The Verkhoyansk Range was covered by glaciers during the Last Glacial Period, and the mountains in the northern section, such as the Orulgan Range, display a typical Alpine relief.

There are coal, silver, lead, tin, and zinc deposits in the mountains.

East Siberian Mountains
The East Siberian Mountains or East Siberian Highlands (Russian: Восточно-Сибирское нагорье, romanized: Vostochno-Sibirskoye Nagorye) are one of the largest mountain systems of the Russian Federation. They are located between the Central Yakutian Lowland and the Bering Strait in Northeast Siberia. The area of the East Siberian Mountains has a very low population density. The territory of the mountain system is one of the Great Russian Regions.

In some areas of the East Siberian Mountains, such as the Kisilyakh Range and the Oymyakon Plateau there are kigilyakhs, the rock formations that are highly valued in the culture of the Yakuts.
Subsidiaries and affiliates of TotalEnergies
As of 31 December 2013 TotalEnergies had 898 subsidiaries consolidated into the group results, together with significant affiliate investments and joint ventures, mostly in LPG. In addition Total had other significant equity holdings amounting to about 3bn euros, treated as investments and was involved in a number of significant joint ventures, mostly relating to LPG and LNG exploration, production and shipping. The joint ventures that are treated as subsidiaries are listed in the consolidated subsidiary section.

Note: "E&P" stands for "Exploration and Production".

TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.

TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, TotalEnergies was ranked as the 21st largest company in the world.
Faleria
Faleria is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region of Latium, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Rome and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Viterbo.

Faleria borders the following municipalities: Calcata, Castel Sant'Elia, Civita Castellana, Mazzano Romano, Rignano Flaminio, Sant'Oreste.

Mazzano Romano
Mazzano Romano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Rome.

Mazzano Romano borders the following municipalities: Calcata, Campagnano di Roma, Castel Sant'Elia, Faleria, Magliano Romano, Nepi.

First mentioned in 945, it is one of the villages that formed from the great estate assembled by Pope Adrian I about 780, his Domusculta Capracorum. It includes the  Regional Park of Veii.
Chirodactylus
Chirodactylus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, traditionally regarded as belonging to the family Cheilodactylidae, the members of which are commonly known as morwongs. They are native to the Atlantic, Indian and eastern Pacific oceans off southern Africa and South America.

Cheilodactylidae
Cheilodactylidae, commonly called morwongs but also known as butterfish, fingerfins, jackassfish, sea carp, snappers, and moki, is a family of marine ray-finned fish.  They are found in subtropical oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. The common name "morwong" is also used as a name for several unrelated fish found in Australian waters, such as the painted sweetlips (Diagramma pictum). The classification of the species within the Cheilodactylidae and the related Latridae is unclear.
Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope
The Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, is a former scientific institution in South Africa. Founded by the British Board of Longitude in 1820, its main building is now the headquarters building of the South African Astronomical Observatory.

The institution was located on a small hill 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) south-east from the centre of Cape Town. During the succeeding century a suburb of the city formed in the area; the suburb was named Observatory after the pre-existing Royal Observatory. It was declared a National Heritage Site in December 2018 and has also been the subject of an ICOMOS/IAU Case Study as a World Heritage Site.

Alan William James Cousins
Alan William James Cousins FRAS (8 August 1903 – 11 May 2001) was a South African astronomer. His career spanned 70 years during which time he concentrated on the measurement of variable stars, including the measurement of the two sinusoidal periods of Gamma Doradus. The UBV photometric system for measuring stellar fluxes he devised in the 1990s became a standard known as the "Cousins system".