hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alumni Field (Amherst, Massachusetts)
Alumni Field was a multi-purpose stadium in Amherst, Massachusetts on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. It was home to the UMass Redmen football team from around 1879 to 1964, when it was replaced by Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in nearby Hadley. Today, the former location of the field is the location of the Philip F. Whitmore Administration Building.

Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium
Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium, is a 17,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts, on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. It has been the Massachusetts Minutemen football team's home stadium since 1965, with the exception of 2012 and 2013, when the team played at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough. From 2014 to 2018, the Minutemen split their home dates between McGuirk and Gillette.

Originally known as Alumni Stadium, the facility was renamed in 1984 to honor Warren McGuirk, who was the UMass athletic director from 1948 to 1971. Although it is on the university's campus, which is almost entirely in Amherst, the stadium itself lies just across the town line in Hadley.
Nick Prowting
Nicholas Roger Prowting (born 26 October 1985) is an English cricketer. Prowting is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chelmsford, Essex.

While studying for his degree at Durham University, Prowting made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made eight further first-class appearances for the university, the last of which came against Lancashire in 2008. In his nine first-class matches, he scored 314 runs at an average of 19.62, with a high score of 78. This score, his only first-class fifty, came against Nottinghamshire in 2007.

His brother, Christopher, played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 2007.

Christopher Prowting
Christopher George Prowting (born 2 June 1988) is a former English first-class cricketer.

Born at Chelmsford, Prowting played Second XI cricket for Essex from 2004–2007, though he was unable to force his way into the first eleven. He made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Sri Lanka A at Arundel. Keeping wicket in the match, Prowting scored 2 runs in the MCC first-innings, before being dismissed by Rangana Herath, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Dilruwan Perera for 48.

His brother, Nick Prowting, played first-class cricket for Durham UCCE.
Dou Wei (Tang dynasty)
Dou Wei (died 25 July 618), courtesy name Wenwei, formally Duke Jing of Yan'an, was a Sui dynasty official who, after the founding of the Tang dynasty in June 618, briefly served as a chancellor until his death a month later.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Reg Gorman
Reg Gorman (2 August 1932 – 5 August 2021) was an Australian television and film actor, and comedian, he was known best for his role in TV serial  The Sullivans, as Jack Fletcher. and children's series Fergus McPhail as Harry Patterson.

Gorman was also active in radio dramas and theatre and was one of the last active vaudeville performers in Australia.

The Sullivans
The Sullivans is an Australian period drama television series produced by Crawford Productions which ran on the Nine Network from 15 November 1976 until 10 March 1983. The series tells the story of a fictional average middle-class Melbourne family and the effect that the Second World War and the immediate post-war events had on their lives. It covers the period between 1 September 1939 to 22 August 1947. It was a consistent ratings success in Australia, and also became popular in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Greece, Malaysia and New Zealand.
Maurice Ahern
Maurice Ahern (born 1938) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician. He was a member of Dublin City Council for the Cabra–Glasnevin local electoral area from 1999 to 2009. He was first elected at the 1999 local elections, topping the poll. He was re-elected at the 2004 local elections. He was the Lord Mayor of Dublin in 2000, and formerly Leader of the Fianna Fáil group on the council. He was a member of the Irish Sports Council.

He is married to Moira Murray, and they have five sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Dylan Ahern, was found dead in his apartment on 22 November 2009.

He is the elder brother of Bertie Ahern and Noel Ahern, both of whom served as Fianna Fáil TDs, Bertie Ahern having served as Taoiseach from 1997 to 2008.

He was the Fianna Fáil candidate in the Dublin Central by-election which was held on 5 June 2009. He lost that election being beaten into 5th place. On the same day, he also lost his council seat in the 2009 local elections.

Bertie Ahern
Bartholomew Patrick "Bertie" Ahern (born 12 September 1951) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1997 to 2008, and as Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1994 to 2008. A Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 2011, he served as Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997. He was also Lord Mayor of Dublin from 1986 to 1987, Tánaiste from November to December 1994, and Minister for Finance from 1991 to 1994.

Fianna Fáil led three coalition governments under Ahern's leadership; he is the second-longest serving Taoiseach, after Éamon de Valera. He resigned as Taoiseach on 6 May 2008, in the wake of revelations made by the Mahon Tribunal over payments received from developers; he was succeeded by Brian Cowen. Fianna Fáil proposed to expel politicians censured by the tribunal, but Ahern resigned his membership prior to the expulsion motion. In 2016, Fianna Fáil announced that it had given Ahern the option of rejoining the party. He rejoined in February 2023.
Manitoba Provincial Road 304
Provincial Road 304 (PR 304) is a provincial road in the Eastman and NorMan regions of Manitoba, Canada. It begins at PTH 59/PTH 12 south of Grand Beach and runs to Powerview-Pine Falls at the PTH 11 junction. Near the town, PR 304 crosses the Winnipeg River at the Pine Falls Generating Station, operated by Manitoba Hydro. From there, PR 304 heads north and then east to the community of Bissett, before terminating at Provincial Road 314 near the northern boundary of Nopiming Provincial Park.

Provincial Roads 304, 313, 314, and 315, along with PTH 11, form a loop that provides access to several remote communities, First Nations reserves, and provincial parks on the eastern side of Lake Winnipeg. PR 304 is also used as a south terminus for winter roads to northern Manitoba.

Powerview-Pine Falls
Powerview-Pine Falls is a town in the Canadian province of Manitoba, with a population of 1,314 at the 2011 census, up 1.54% from 1,294 at the 2006 census and down 7.57% from 1,400 during the 2001 census.

The town is an amalgamation of the previous town of Powerview with the previously unincorporated area of Pine Falls, to its west. The town borders the Rural Municipality of Alexander and the Sagkeeng First Nation Indian reserve. Manitoba Highway 11 and Manitoba Provincial Road 304 are the major roads connecting Powerview with other nearby communities.
Away in a Manger
"Away in a Manger" is a Christmas carol first published in the late nineteenth century and used widely throughout the English-speaking world. In Britain, it is one of the most popular carols; a 1996 Gallup Poll ranked it joint second. Although it was long claimed to be the work of German religious reformer Martin Luther, the carol is now thought to be wholly American in origin. The two most common musical settings are by William J. Kirkpatrick (1895) and James Ramsey Murray (1887).

William J. Kirkpatrick
William James Kirkpatrick (27 February 1838 – 20 September 1921) was an Irish-born American hymnwriter. He partnered with John R. Sweney to produce and publish over 1,000 gospel hymn songs and over sixty hymnal books.
Rolz'n'Rulz
"Rolz'n'Rulz" is the second single from the album Gentleman by the Belarusian indie rock and power pop band Hair Peace Salon released on September 15, 2010. It consists of one song “Rolz'n'Rulz” written by Aleh Vial together with Konstantin Karman.

Gentleman (Hair Peace Salon album)
Gentleman is the first studio album by the Belarusian indie rock and power-pop band Hair Peace Salon, released on March 21, 2012. The CD contains 10 tracks recorded in the period 2009–2012. All songs were written by Aleh Vial and Konstantin Karman.
Witnesses (2018 film)
Witnesses  is a historical drama directed by Konstantin Fam, consisting of three novellas "Shoes", "Brutus" and "Violin", united by a common concept and dedicated to the memory of Holocaust victims. Also known as The Trilogy "Witnesses".

Konstantin Fam
Konstantin Kong-Takovich Fam (Russian: Константин Конг-Такович Фам, born 13 July 1972) is a Ukrainian-born independent director, producer, and screenwriter. His film "Shoes", a tribute to the memory of Holocaust victims, was the only Russian short movie nominated for the Academy Awards in 2013.
Battle of Driniumor River
The Battle of Driniumor River, also known as the Battle of Aitape, 10 July – 25 August 1944, was part of the Western New Guinea campaign of World War II. During the fighting, Japanese forces launched several attacks on United States forces on the Driniumor River, near Aitape in New Guinea, over the course of several weeks with the intention of retaking Aitape. After making some initial gains, the Japanese attack was contained and eventually turned back having suffered heavy casualties. The battle should not be confused with Operation Persecution, which included amphibious landings near Aitape in April 1944, or the Aitape–Wewak campaign, which began in November that year.

Western New Guinea campaign
The Western New Guinea campaign was a series of actions in the New Guinea campaign of World War II. Dutch East Indies KNIL, United States and Australian forces assaulted Japanese bases and positions in the northwest coastal areas of Netherlands New Guinea and adjoining parts of the Australian Territory of New Guinea. The campaign began with Operations Reckless and Persecution, which were amphibious landings by the U.S. I Corps at Hollandia and Aitape on 22 April 1944. Fighting in western New Guinea continued until the end of the war.
When Prophecy Fails
When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World is a classic work of social psychology by Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken, and Stanley Schachter, published in 1956, detailing a study of a small UFO religion in Chicago called the Seekers that believed in an imminent apocalypse.  The authors took a particular interest in the members' coping mechanisms after the event did not occur, focusing on the cognitive dissonance between the members' beliefs and actual events, and the psychological consequences of these disconfirmed expectations. Later archival work has alleged that many of the book's core claims are based on fabrications or exaggerations.

Stanley Schachter
Stanley Schachter (April 15, 1922 – June 7, 1997) was an American social psychologist best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer. In his theory he states that emotions have two ingredients: physiological arousal and a cognitive label. A person's experience of an emotion stems from the mental awareness of the body's physical arousal and the explanation one attaches to this arousal. Schachter also studied and published many works on the subjects of obesity, group dynamics, birth order and smoking. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Schachter as the seventh most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
Wolf Tracks – Best of Los Lobos
Wolf Tracks: The Best of Los Lobos is the third compilation album by the American rock band Los Lobos, released in 2006 by Rhino Records. It contains twenty tracks originally released between 1983 and 2002, except for the previously unissued album outtake "Border Town Girl".

Los Lobos
Los Lobos (pronounced [los ˈloβos], Spanish for "the Wolves") is a Mexican American rock group from East Los Angeles, California. Their music is influenced by rock and roll, Tex-Mex, country, zydeco, folk, R&B, blues, brown-eyed soul, and traditional music such as cumbia, boleros and norteños. The band rose to international stardom in 1987, when their version of "La Bamba" peaked at the top of the Billboard Hot 100, and also topped the charts in the United Kingdom, and several other countries. Songs by Los Lobos have been recorded by Elvis Costello, Waylon Jennings, Frankie Yankovic, and Robert Plant. In 2015, they were nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2018, they were inducted into the Austin City Limits Hall of Fame. They are also known for performing the theme song for Handy Manny. As of 2024, they have been nominated for twelve Grammy Awards and have won four.
Dusty (Dusty Springfield album)
Dusty is the second album of singer Dusty Springfield to be released in the US. It was issued on the Philips Records label in 1964 and includes Springfield's hit singles "All Cried Out", "I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself" and the double A-side "Guess Who?"/"Live It Up".

A Girl Called Dusty
A Girl Called Dusty is the debut studio album by English singer Dusty Springfield. It was released on 17 April 1964 in the United Kingdom by Philips Records. The album peaked at No. 6 on the UK Album Charts and No.5 on NME charts in May 1964.
Chaplygin Street, Novosibirsk
Chaplygin Street (Russian: Улица Чаплыгина) is a street in Zheleznodorozhny and Tsentralny districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. The street consists of two fragments. The first street fragment starts from the Street of Revolution, crosses Uritsky, Sovetskaya streets and forms a T-intersection with Krasny Avenue. The second fragment starts from Serebrennikovskaya Street crosses Kamenskaya Street and ends in a city block.

Sovetskaya Street, Novosibirsk
Sovetskaya Street (Russian: Советская улица) is a street in Novosibirsk, Russia. It branches off from Krasny Avenue near the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and then runs north parallel to it. Sovetskaya Street ends at the intersection with Zheleznodorozhnaya and Pisarev streets.

Sovetskaya Street is the border between the Tsentralny and Zheleznodorozhny districts of the city.
Mårådalsfjellet
Mårådalsfjellet is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,850-metre (6,070 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of the village of Grotli and about 24 kilometres (15 mi) east of the village of Oppstryn. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Skridulaupen and Sandåtinden to the northeast, Raudeggi to the north, Kvitlenova to the northwest, Leirvasshøi to the southwest, and Dyringshøi and Søverhøi to the southeast. The Tystigbreen glacier lies just west of the mountain.

The mountain has a secondary peak called Høgkulen, which has an altitude of 1,842 m (6,043 ft) above sea level.

Skridulaupen
Skridulaupen is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,962-metre (6,437 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the village of Grotli. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Raudeggi and Kvitlenova to the west, Mårådalsfjellet to the west-southwest, and Sandåtinden to the southwest. The Sandåbreen glacier lies between Skridulaupen and Sandåfjellet. The lake Rauddalsvatnet lies 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the mountain.
Jordan 193
The Jordan 193 was the car with which the Jordan team competed in the 1993 Formula One World Championship. The number 14 seat was taken by debutant Rubens Barrichello, while five different drivers occupied the number 15 seat over the course of the season: Ivan Capelli, Thierry Boutsen, Marco Apicella, Emanuele Naspetti and Eddie Irvine.

Marco Apicella
Marco Apicella (born 7 October 1965) is an Italian former professional racing driver. He competed in one Formula One Grand Prix for the Jordan team in the 1993 Italian Grand Prix. He later won the 1994 Japanese Formula 3000 Championship driving for Dome.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (PDPC 1), also known as protein phosphatase 2C, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDP1 gene. PDPC 1 is an enzyme which serves to reverse the effects of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase upon pyruvate dehydrogenase, activating pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of pyruvate and a lipoamide to give the acetylated dihydrolipoamide and carbon dioxide. The conversion requires the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is usually encountered as a component, referred to as E1, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC consists of other enzymes, referred to as E2 and E3. Collectively E1-E3 transform pyruvate, NAD+, coenzyme A into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. The conversion is crucial because acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration. To distinguish between this enzyme and the PDC, it is systematically called pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring).
Gaius Sentius Saturninus (consul 19 BC)
Gaius Sentius Saturninus (fl. late 1st century BC – 1st century AD) was a Roman senator and military officer who was appointed Roman consul in 19 BC. He served as the proconsular governor of Africa, and later as imperial governor of Syria. He then served several times as a senior military officer working with the future emperor Tiberius in campaigns against the Marcomanni, gaining the distinction of being awarded triumphal ornaments. Later he campaigned in Germania and Illyria.

Marcus Vinicius (consul 19 BC)
Marcus Vinicius (also spelled Vinucius) was a Roman senator and general, who held a number of posts in the service of the first Roman emperor, Augustus. Vinicius was suffect consul in the latter part of 19 BC with Quintus Lucretius Vespillo as his colleague.
Anatomy of a Genocide
Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town called Buczacz is a 2018 book by historian Omer Bartov exploring ethnic relations between Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews in the town of Buczacz (now Buchach, Ukraine) with a focus on the Holocaust.

Omer Bartov
Omer Bartov (Hebrew: עֹמֶר בַּרְטוֹב [ʔoˈmeʁ ˈbaʁtov]; born April 17, 1954) is an Israeli-American historian. He is the Dean's Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Brown University, where he has taught since 2000. Bartov is a historian of the Holocaust and is considered a leading authority on genocide.
Asaṃprajanya
Asaṃprajanya (Sanskrit; Tibetan phonetic: sheshyin minpa) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "inattentiveness", "non-alertness", etc. In the Mahayana tradition, asaṃprajanya is defined the distracted discrimination accompanying a disturbing emotion.

Asaṃprajanya is identified as:

One of the twenty secondary unwholesome factors within the Mahayana Abhidharma teachings

The opposite of samprajanya (alertness, attentiveness, vigilance)

Sampajañña
Sampajañña (Pāli; Skt.: saṃprajanya, samprajnata, Tib: shes bzhin) is a term of central importance for meditative practice in all Buddhist traditions. It refers to "The mental process by which one continuously monitors one's own body and mind. In the practice of śamatha, its principal function is to note the occurrence of laxity and excitation." It is very often found in the pair 'mindfulness and introspection' or 'mindfulness and clear comprehension) (Pali: Sati sampajañña, Skt.: smṛti saṃprajanya).

Sampajañña has been variously translated into English as "continuity", "clear comprehension", "clear knowing", "constant thorough understanding of impermanence", "fully alert" or "full awareness", "attention, consideration, discrimination, comprehension, circumspection", and "introspection".
Adnan Abu Amjad
Adnan Abdul Aziz Ahmed (1977 – 29 August 2017), better known as Adnan Abu Amjad (Arabic: عدنان أبو أمجد), was the commander of the Manbij Military Council, active within the Syrian Democratic Forces in the Syrian Civil War. Adnan led his group, the Manbij Military Council and the Northern Sun Battalion, in every battle since its formation in 2014, including the Siege of Kobanî, the Tell Abyad offensive, the Tishrin Dam offensive, the al-Hawl offensive, the al-Shaddadi offensive, the Battle of Manbij, his hometown, where he freed his parents from ISIL rule in August 2016, and the Raqqa campaign, including the Battle of Raqqa, where he was killed in action on 29 August 2017.

Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)
The Raqqa campaign (codenamed Operation Wrath of Euphrates) was a military operation launched in November 2016 during the Rojava–Islamist conflict by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (IS) in the Raqqa Governorate, with the goal of isolating and eventually capturing the Islamic State's capital city, Raqqa. The SDF's subsidiary goals included capturing the Tabqa Dam, the nearby city of al-Thawrah, and the Mansoura Dam further downstream. The campaign ended successfully in October 2017, with the capture of the city of Raqqa.

The offensive was concurrent with the Battle of Sirte in Libya, the Battle of Mosul in Iraq, the Battle of al-Bab in the Aleppo Governorate, the Palmyra offensive, the reignition of fighting in Deir ez-Zor's siege, the Central Syria campaign, and the Mayadin offensive.
Hud (prophet)
Hūd (Arabic: هود‎), sometimes called Eber, is believed in Islam to have been a messenger sent to ancient Arabia before Muhammad. Hud is repeatedly mentioned in the Quran  whose eleventh chapter is also named after him (although a small portion of it is actually about him).

ʿĀd
ʿĀd (Arabic: عاد, ʿĀd) was an ancient tribe in pre-Islamic Arabia. The banū ʿĀd are is best known for being mentioned two dozen times in the Quran, often in conjunction with Thamud. Recently, it has been shown that 'Ad was a tribe that existed two millennia ago in the Wadi Rum region of the southern Jordan.

The tribe's members, the ʿĀdites, formed a prosperous nation until they were destroyed by a violent storm. According to Islamic tradition, the storm came after they had rejected the teachings of a monotheistic prophet named Hud. 'Ad is regarded as one of the original tribes of Arabia, "The Extinct Arabs".
Greased Lightning (1928 film)
Greased Lightning is a 1928 American silent Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by William Berke and Gardner Bradford. The film stars Ted Wells, Betty Caldwell, Walter Shumway, Lon Poff, George Dunning and Myrtis Crinley. The film was released on July 29, 1928, by Universal Pictures.

Walter Shumway
Walter Shumway (October 26, 1884 – January 13, 1965) was an American film actor. A character actor he appeared in a variety of supporting roles in films and serials between 1918 and 1950. He was married to the actress Corra Beach.