hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Place du Luxembourg
The Place du Luxembourg (French, pronounced [plas dy lyk.sɑ̃.buʁ]) or Luxemburgplein (Dutch, pronounced [ˈlʏksəmbʏrɡˌplɛin]), meaning "Luxembourg Square", is a square in the European Quarter of Brussels, Belgium. It is better known by local European bureaucrats and journalists by one of its nicknames, Place Lux or Plux.

The square is mostly located in the municipality of Ixelles, with a small part in the City of Brussels, between the Rue d'Arlon/Aarlenstraat and the Rue du Luxembourg/Luxemburgstraat. In its centre stands the Monument to John Cockerill. It is also flanked by the European Parliament, as well as some of the main European institutions in the city. This area is served by Brussels-Luxembourg railway station, as well as by the metro stations Schuman (on lines 1 and 5) and Trône/Troon (on lines 2 and 6).

Espace Léopold
The Espace Léopold (French; commonly used in English) or Leopoldruimte (Dutch; listenⓘ) is the complex of parliament buildings in Brussels, Belgium, housing the European Parliament, a legislative chamber of the European Union (EU). It consists of a number of buildings, primarily the oldest, the Paul-Henri Spaak building, which houses the debating chamber and the president's offices, and the Altiero Spinelli building, which is the largest. The buildings are located in the European Quarter of Brussels, with construction starting in 1989.

The complex is not the official seat of the European Parliament, which is the Louise Weiss building in Strasbourg, France, but as most of the other institutions of the European Union are in Brussels, the European Parliament built the Brussels complex to be closer to its activities. A majority of the European Parliament's work is now geared to its Brussels site, but it is legally bound to keep Strasbourg as its official home.
Venkateswara Temple, Ramenahalli
Venkateswara Temple is a Hindu temple situated at Ramenahalli in Mundargi taluk of Gadag district in the Indian state of Karnataka. The Temple is dedicated to Venkateswara, a form of Vishnu. Hammigi is located south of district headquarters Gadag and Taluka headquarters Mundargi.

Mundargi
Mundaragi is a municipal town in Gadag district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Mundargi is close to two district headquarters, being 36 kilometres (22 mi) from Gadag and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Koppal. It is 99 kilometers from Gajendragad. Mundargi is also the taluka headquarter of the same name. Pin code of Mundaragi is 582118.

The name 'Mundaragi' is said to have been derived from the stone hill, located to north-west of the town, called Murudagiri - meaning 'Hill of Lord Shiva'. The river Tungabhadra flows about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from Mundargi and provides water for the town.
Soweto
Soweto (/səˈwɛtoʊ, -ˈweɪt-, -ˈwiːt-/) is a township of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa, bordering the city's mining belt in the south. Its name is an English syllabic abbreviation for South Western Townships. Formerly a separate municipality, it is now incorporated in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality since 2002 and is one of the suburbs of Johannesburg.

Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (colloquially known as Bara) is a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the largest hospital in Africa and seventh largest hospital in the world. It has 6,760 staff members, 3,400 beds and occupies 70 ha (170 acres). The hospital is located in Soweto, south of Johannesburg. It is one of the 40 Gauteng provincial hospitals, and is financed and managed by the Gauteng Provincial Department of Health. It is a teaching hospital for the University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, along with the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Helen Joseph Hospital and the Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital. It is an accredited Level one trauma centre. The hospital has trauma and emergency medicine facilities.
Transversality condition
In optimal control theory, a transversality condition is a boundary condition for the terminal values of the costate variables. They are one of the necessary conditions for optimality infinite-horizon optimal control problems without an endpoint constraint on the state variables.

Costate equation
The costate equation is related to the state equation used in optimal control. It is also referred to as auxiliary, adjoint, influence, or multiplier equation. It is stated as a vector of first order differential equations

where the right-hand side is the vector of partial derivatives of the negative of the Hamiltonian with respect to the state variables.
Plano High School (Illinois)
Plano High School is a public high school in Plano, Illinois, serving students in grades 9–12. The school is part of the Plano Community Unit School District #88. This school had an average ACT score of 18.8 in 2013, and had 44 percent of students meeting or exceeding standards on the PSAE.

As of the 2011–2012 school year, the school had an enrollment of 619 students and 44.66 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student-teacher ratio of 1:13.86.

Plano High school was the filming location of the music video of Lil Skies' and Landon Cube's hit single, "Nowadays", shot and filmed by Cole Bennett.

Plano, Illinois
Plano is a city near Aurora in Kendall County, Illinois, United States, with a population of 11,847 as of the 2020 census. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area, being about 55 miles (90 km) from Chicago. The city was home to the Plano Harvester Company in the late 19th century, as well as the Plano Molding Company more recently. In 2011, downtown Plano was used as a set for Man of Steel.
Chadwick, Missouri
Chadwick is an unincorporated community in eastern Christian County, Missouri, United States. The total population of Chadwick Township per the 2020 census was 403.  It is located approximately six miles southeast of Sparta along Missouri Route 125. The community of Oldfield is approximately three miles to the north along Route 125. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its ZIP code is 65629.

Chadwick is located in the hills of the Ozarks along the south edge of the Springfield Plateau. It sits on a ridge between the East Fork of Bull Creek to the west and Swan Creek to the east.

Sparta, Missouri
Sparta is a city in north central Christian County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2020 census, Sparta had a population of 1,876. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.
2001 Konica V8 Supercar Series
The 2001 Konica V8 Supercar Series was an Australian motor racing competition for V8 Supercars. It was the second running of the second tier series for V8 Supercars. The series was contested over six rounds held across four different states, commencing on 25 February at Wakefield Park and concluding on 11 August at Mallala Motor Sport Park.

The series was won by Simon Wills who was victorious in ten of the 18 races. Wills finished 82 points clear of Paul Dumbrell.

2001 V8 Supercar season
The 2001 V8 Supercar season was the 42nd year of touring car racing in Australia since the first runnings of the Australian Touring Car Championship and the fore-runner of the present day Bathurst 1000, the Armstrong 500.

There were 22 touring car race meetings held during 2001; a thirteen-round series for V8 Supercars, the 2001 Shell Championship Series (SCS), two of them endurance races; a six-round second tier V8 Supercar series 2001 Konica V8 Supercar Series (KVS) along with a non-point scoring race supporting the Bathurst 1000 and V8 Supercar support programme events at the 2001 Australian Grand Prix and 2001 Honda Indy 300.
Edmund Goulding
Edmund Goulding (20 March 1891 – 24 December 1959) was a British screenwriter and film director. As an actor early in his career he was one of the 'Ghosts' in the 1922 silent film Three Live Ghosts alongside Norman Kerry and Cyril Chadwick. Also in the early 1920s he wrote several screenplays for star Mae Murray for films directed by her then husband Robert Z. Leonard. Goulding is best remembered for directing cultured dramas such as Love (1927), Grand Hotel (1932) with Greta Garbo and Joan Crawford, Dark Victory (1939) with Bette Davis, The Constant Nymph (1943) with Joan Fontaine, and The Razor's Edge (1946) with Gene Tierney and Tyrone Power. He also directed the classic film noir Nightmare Alley (1947) with Tyrone Power and Joan Blondell, and the action drama The Dawn Patrol.  He was also a successful songwriter, composer, and producer.

Tyrone Power
Tyrone Edmund Power III (May 5, 1914 – November 15, 1958) was an American actor. From the 1930s to the 1950s, Power appeared in dozens of films, often in swashbuckler roles or romantic leads. His better-known films include Jesse James, The Mark of Zorro, Marie Antoinette, Blood and Sand, The Black Swan, Prince of Foxes, Witness for the Prosecution, The Black Rose, and Captain from Castile. Power's own favorite film among those in which he starred was Nightmare Alley.

Though largely a matinee idol in the 1930s and early 1940s and known for his striking good looks, Power starred in films in a number of genres, from drama to light comedy. In the 1950s he placed limits on the number of films he would take in order to devote more time to theater productions. He received his biggest accolades as a stage actor in John Brown's Body and Mister Roberts. Power died from a heart attack at the age of 44 in Madrid, Spain.
Wally Naismith
Walter Henry "Wally" Naismith (31 May 1881 – 9 January 1954) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club and Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was the twin brother of Fitzroy player Charlie Naismith.

Playing mostly as a defender, Naismith was part of the strong Fitzroy side that won back to back premierships in 1904 and 1905. He left Fitzroy after the 1910 season and joined Melbourne, appearing 36 times for his new club over two seasons to bring his final VFL tally to 179 games. After retiring, Naismith was the field umpire for 11 VFL matches, from 1915 to 1919, but had more success as a boundary umpire, umpiring 207 matches from the boundary, from 1913 to 1927, including the 1919, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926 and 1927 Grand Finals.

In 1910, Naismith married Eva Emmeline Dummett (sister of Collingwood player Alf Dummett). Two of their sons, Herb Naismith and Alby Naismith, also played VFL football.

Alby Naismith
Albert Henry Naismith (13 November 1917 – 14 June 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Naismith was a forward, used in the pockets and at centre half-forward. An Alphington recruit, he was the leading goal-kicker for Hawthorn on two occasions, with 30 goals in 1938 and 25 goals in 1940.

His brother Herb Naismith played for Collingwood, as did their maternal uncle Alf Dummett. They were sons of Wally Naismith, a premiership player at Fitzroy (the club where Wally's twin brother Charlie also featured in the VFL).

Naismith later played for Oakleigh, as a full-forward.
Holland Island
Holland Island is a marshy, rapidly eroding island in the Chesapeake Bay, in Dorchester County, Maryland, west of Salisbury. The island was once inhabited by watermen and farmers but has since been abandoned due to sinking of the land's surface associated with isostatic subsidence and sea level rise. It is located in the Holland Strait, between Bloodsworth Island and Smith Island, six miles west of Wenona, Maryland and Southeast of another former island, Long Island.

Long Island (Maryland)
Long Island was an island located in Chesapeake Bay, northwest of another former island, Holland Island.
The island was shown on maps up until near 1934, when erosion of nearby islands combined with the rising sea levels caused it to be submerged.
Chuck Taylor (wrestler)
Dustin Lee Howard (born April 22, 1986), better known by the ring name Chuck Taylor, is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he also works as a coach as well as in-ring talent. Known as "The Kentucky Gentleman" and "Sexy Chuckie T", he was a member of the Best Friends stable alongside original tag team partner Trent Beretta, Orange Cassidy, Kris Statlander, and Danhausen. Howard has wrestled on the independent circuit since 2002, most notably appearing for Chikara, where he held the Campeonatos de Parejas twice, and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), where he is a former two-time PWG World Champion. He is also known for his work in larger national and international promotions like Ring of Honor (ROH) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

Evolve (professional wrestling)
Evolve (stylized all caps) was an American professional wrestling promotion founded in 2010 by former Ring of Honor booker and Dragon Gate USA vice president, Gabe Sapolsky.

The company featured a roster of wrestlers from all over America, as well as several competitors from Japan. The promotion had a close working relationship with sister promotion Dragon Gate USA until Dragon Gate USA's closure in August 2015. In the same year, Evolve formed a relationship with WWE, allowing WWE to scout Evolve talent and potentially sign them. On July 2, 2020, WWE officially purchased Evolve.

In March 2025, WWE relaunched Evolve as a new brand division with a new series titled WWE Evolve on Tubi.
Bartow, Germany
Bartow (German pronunciation: [ˈbaʁtoː]; Polish: Bartków) is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. In June 2024 it absorbed the former municipality Breest.

The toponym of this settlement was recorded as Bertcow, in 1277; as Bertowe, in 1287; and as Bartekow and Bartkow, in 1401.

Breest
Breest (German pronunciation: [bʁeːst]) is a village and a former municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The municipality comprised the villages Bittersberg, Breest and Klempenow. Since 9 June 2024, it is part of the municipality Bartow. The 13th century Klempenow Castle is located in the municipality.
Tverreggtelen Hill
Tverreggtelen Hill (73°24′S 3°33′W﻿ / ﻿73.400°S 3.550°W﻿ / -73.400; -3.550) is a hill immediately southeast of Tverregga Spur in the Kirwan Escarpment, Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and additional air photos (1958–59), and named in association with Tverregga Spur.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tverreggtelen Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.

Tverregga Spur
Tverregga Spur (73°23′S 3°36′W﻿ / ﻿73.383°S 3.600°W﻿ / -73.383; -3.600) is a spur 3 nautical miles (6 km) west of Mount Hallgren, in the Kirwan Escarpment of Queen Maud Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE) (1949–52) and additional air photos (1958–59), and named Tverregga (the transverse ridge).
The Hind's Head
The Hind's Head is a gastropub in Bray, Berkshire, England. Dating from the 15th century, the building was converted into a restaurant in the 1920s. In 2004, it was purchased by the chef Heston Blumenthal, the owner of another Bray restaurant, the Fat Duck.

Unlike the molecular gastronomy of the Fat Duck, the Hind's Head serves traditional British cuisine such as Lancashire hotpot, steak and kidney pudding, Scotch eggs and Eton mess. It was awarded a Michelin star in 2013.

Bray, Berkshire
Bray, occasionally Bray on Thames, is a village and civil parish in the Windsor and Maidenhead district, in the ceremonial county of Berkshire. It sits on the banks of the River Thames, to the southeast of Maidenhead with which it is contiguous. The village is mentioned in the comedic song "The Vicar of Bray". Bray contains two of the nine three-Michelin-starred restaurants in the United Kingdom and has several large business premises including Bray Studios at Water Oakley, where the first series of Hammer Horror films were produced.
Middendorffinaia mongolica
Middendorffinaia mongolica, formerly Middendorffinaia shadini, is a species of unionid mussel endemic to South Primorye, Russia. Its specific name honours Russian zoologist Vladimir Zhadin. Middendorffinaia shadini inhabits the river Razdolnaya, its tributaries Rakovka, Olenevka, Komarovka and Kiparisovka, as well as rivers Artemovka, Barabashevka and some parts of the rivers Tesnaya and Gladkaya.

Unionidae
The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.

The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. It is at its most diverse in North America, with about 297 recognised taxa, but China and Southeast Asia also support very diverse faunas.

Freshwater mussels occupy a wide range of habitats, but most often occupy lotic waters, i.e. flowing water such as rivers, streams and creeks.
National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation, each for its cultural, historical and aesthetic contributions since the NFPB's inception in 1988.

Suspense (1913 film)
Suspense is a 1913 American silent short film thriller directed by Lois Weber and Phillips Smalley. Weber also wrote the scenario and stars in the film with Valentine Paul. The film features early examples of a split screen shot and a car chase.
Handleyomys rhabdops
Handleyomys rhabdops, also known as the highland oryzomys or striped rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus Handleyomys of family Cricetidae. It is nocturnal and is found in Guatemala and Mexico in montane forest at elevations from 1250 to 3250 m.

Handleyomys
Handleyomys is a genus of Central and South American rodents in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It was first described in 2002 to include two species from the Colombian Andes which were previously included in distinct and unrelated genera, Aepeomys and Oryzomys, but which turned out to be closely related. Later, in 2006, six other species were provisionally added from Oryzomys; these are expected to be placed in new genera in the future.

The genus is named after Charles O. Handley Jr., the eminent mammalogist from the National Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

The genus now includes the following species:

Handleyomys alfaroi

Handleyomys chapmani

Handleyomys fuscatus

Handleyomys intectus

Handleyomys melanotis

Handleyomys rhabdops

Handleyomys rostratus

Handleyomys saturatior
Kirsch operator
The Kirsch operator or Kirsch compass kernel is a non-linear edge detector that finds the maximum edge strength in a few predetermined directions. It is named after the computer scientist Russell Kirsch.

Edge detection
Edge detection includes a variety of mathematical methods that aim at identifying edges, defined as curves in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or, more formally, has discontinuities. The same problem of finding discontinuities in one-dimensional signals is known as step detection and the problem of finding signal discontinuities over time is known as change detection. Edge detection is a fundamental tool in image processing, machine vision and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction.
Patrick Murphy (pilot)
Patrick Murphy was an Irish-American pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona in April 1929 during the Escobar Rebellion. Little is known of his personal life, though he may have come from Ardmore, Oklahoma.

Escobar Rebellion
The Escobar Rebellion was a conflict in northern Mexico in 1929 during the Maximato, between the government forces of President Emilio Portes Gil and rebel forces under the command of General José Gonzalo Escobar. After some initial success in taking over several key cities in the northern half of the country, the Escobar rebels were decisively defeated in a major battle at Jiménez, Chihuahua, and were eventually swept aside by the advancing government forces under the command of General Calles.
Doigahama Site
The Doigahama Site (土井ヶ浜遺跡, Doigahama iseki) is an archaeological site with a Yayoi period necropolis located in the Kandakami, Toyohoku-cho neighborhood of the city of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, in the San'yō region of Japan. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1962.

Yayoi people
The Yayoi people (弥生人, Yayoi-jin) were an ancient people who immigrated to the Japanese archipelago during the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE) and are characterized by the existence of Yayoi material culture. Some argue for an earlier start of the Yayoi period, between 1000 and 800 BCE, but this date is contested.
Decoloniality
Decoloniality (Spanish: decolonialidad) is a school of thought that aims to delink from Eurocentric knowledge hierarchies and ways of being in the world in order to enable other forms of existence on Earth. It critiques the perceived universality of Western knowledge and the superiority of Western culture, including the systems and institutions that reinforce such perceptions. Decolonial perspectives understand colonialism as the basis for the everyday function of capitalist modernity and of imperialism.: 168-174

Decoloniality emerged as part of a South America movement examining the role of the European colonization of the Americas in establishing Eurocentric modernity/coloniality — according to Aníbal Quijano (1928-2018), who defined the term and its reach.

Maria Lugones
María Cristina Lugones (January 26, 1944 – July 14, 2020) was an Argentine feminist philosopher, activist, and Professor of Comparative Literature and of women's studies at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota and at Binghamton University in New York State. She identified as a U.S-based woman of color and theorized this category as a political identity forged through feminist coalitional work.

Lugones advanced Latino philosophy in theorizing various forms of resistance against multiple oppressions in Latin America, the US and elsewhere. She was known for her theory of multiple selves, her work on decolonial feminism, and for developing the concept of the "coloniality of gender," which posits that gender is a colonial imposition.
Leopoldstadt
Leopoldstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈleːopɔldˌʃtad] ⓘ; Viennese: Leopoidstod; "Leopold-Town") is the 2nd municipal district of Vienna (German: 2. Bezirk) in Austria. As of 1 January 2016, there are 103,233 inhabitants over 19.27 km2 (7 sq mi). It is situated in the heart of the city and, together with Brigittenau (20th district), forms a large island surrounded by the Danube Canal and, to the north, the Danube. It is named after Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Due to its relatively high percentage of Jewish inhabitants before the Holocaust (38.5 percent in 1923), Leopoldstadt gained the nickname Mazzesinsel ('Matzo Island'). This context was a significant aspect for the district twinning with the New York City borough Brooklyn in 2007.

Schiffschul
Schiffschul, officially Khal Adas Yisroel, was a former Orthodox congregation and synagogue, located at Grosse Schiffgasse 8, in the second district, known as Leopoldstadt, Vienna, Austria. The synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis on Kristallnacht in 1938. The congregation worshiped in the Ashkenazi rite.

Located adjacent to the Schiffshul and was a building that currently houses a shul called Bet Hamidrasch Khal Chassidim. This shul is led by Rabbi  Avraham Yona Schwartz. The upper level of the building has been functioning as a yeshiva since the 1940s and is headed by Rabbi Michoel Pressburger. It also serves as temporary spiritual refuge to thousands of Jewish refugees from Iran who have transited through Vienna over the past 30 years.

There is a memorial plaque the site of the former synagogue that reads "This Jewish place of worship was destroyed by the Nazis in the pogrom of November 1938."