hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Merchiston Preparatory School
Merchiston Preparatory School was founded in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in 1892. It was founded by Miss Agnes Rowe and Miss Elizabeth Allan who were inspired by Merchiston Castle School in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Pietermaritzburg
Pietermaritzburg (/ˌpiːtərˈmærɪtsbɜːrɡ/; Zulu: uMgungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality.

The town was named in Zulu, after King Dingane's royal homestead uMgungundlovu. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg and is often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products, and is the main economic hub of uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The public sector is a major employer in the city due to local, district and provincial government offices located here.

The city has many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Polk County, Iowa
Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 492,401, and was estimated to be 516,185 in 2024, making it the most populous county in Iowa. The county seat and the largest city is Des Moines, which is also the capital city of Iowa. Polk County is included in the Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Polk County Courthouse (Iowa)
The Polk County Courthouse located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States, was built in 1906. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.
Hugo: Jungle Island
Hugo: Jungle Island was an interactive television program that was created as an improved replacement of the early 1990s' original children's game show in the Hugo franchise. It was launched by ITE Media in Denmark as Hugo Vulkanøen ("Hugo: Volcanic") in January 1999, before being licensed to and broadcast in many other countries, usually simply just as Hugo. As in the original program, the players would remotely control the titular video game character by using their telephones, trying to help him reach and defeat an evil witch and win real-world prizes. Its gameplay was adapted into four PC video game releases.

Hugo (franchise)
Hugo (Skærmtrolden Hugo in Danish, meaning "Hugo the Screen-Troll") is a media franchise created by the Danish company Interactive Television Entertainment (later ITE Media) in 1990 for the purpose of interactive television for children. It is based around the fictional character of Hugo, a friendly, small Scandinavian folklore troll engaged in a conflict against a wicked witch, often to save his family. Since its premiere in 1990, the Hugo game show has been aired in more than 40 countries, spawning dozens of video games for various platforms. Hugo spawned other merchandise, including dedicated magazines. As of 2012, the commercial parts of the franchise consist mostly of mobile games being published by the Danish company Hugo Games (renamed 5th Planet Games in 2018).
Somogy County (former)
Somogy was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was slightly larger than that of present Somogy county, is now in south-western Hungary. The capital of the county was Kaposvár.

Kaposvár
Kaposvár (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈkɒpoʃvaːr]; also known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in southwestern Hungary, south of Lake Balaton. It is one of the leading cities of Transdanubia, the capital of Somogy County, and the seat of the Kaposvár District and the Diocese of Kaposvár.
Strilkove
Strilkove (Ukrainian: Стрілкове; Russian: Стрелковое; Crimean Tatar: Çoqraq) is a Ukrainian village in Henichesk urban hromada, Henichesk Raion, Kherson Oblast. In 2013 its population was 1,415.

The village is located on the Arabat Spit and is geographically part of Crimea, however it falls under the administration of Kherson Oblast. It was partially and temporarily occupied by Russian forces during the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the first time Russian troops moved into the Kherson Oblast. It was reoccupied by Russian forces at the onset of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Arabat Spit
The Arabat Spit (Ukrainian: Арабатська коса; Russian: Арабатская коса; Crimean Tatar: Arabat beli), or Arabat Arrow (Russian: Арабатская стрелка), is a barrier spit that separates the large, shallow, salty Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. The spit runs between the Henichesk Strait in the north and the north-eastern shores of Crimea in the south. It is the largest of several spits of the Sea of Azov.
M'Clure Bay
M'Clure Bay (variant: McClure Bay) is a Peel Soundmap waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is located on the western side of Somerset Island,map between Aston Baymap and Birmingham Baymap.

The bay is named in honour of Arctic explorer Sir Robert McClure (M'Clure).

Birmingham Bay
Birmingham Bay is an Arctic waterway in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is an arm of Peel Sound and is located on the western side of Somerset Island. It is located north of M'Clure Bay. The closest hamlet is Resolute, located about 148 km (92 mi) to the north on Cornwallis Island.
Frederick Valentine Melsheimer
The Reverend Frederick Valentine Melsheimer (September 25, 1749, Negenborn, Brunswick – June 30, 1814, Hanover, Pennsylvania) was a Lutheran clergyman and early American entomologist, called the "Father of American Entomology" by successor Thomas Say. He was the author of the first major entomological work in the United States: A Catalogue of Insects of Pennsylvania (1806), a sixty-page work that describes 1,363 species of beetles.

Thomas Say
Thomas Say (June 27, 1787 – October 10, 1834) was an American entomologist, conchologist, and herpetologist. His studies of insects and shells, numerous contributions to scientific journals, and scientific expeditions to Florida, Georgia, the Rocky Mountains, Mexico, and elsewhere made him an internationally known naturalist. Say has been called the father of American descriptive entomology and American conchology. He served as librarian for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, curator at the American Philosophical Society (elected in 1817), and professor of natural history at the University of Pennsylvania.
Sithney
Sithney (Cornish: Merthersydhni) is a village and civil parish in the West of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Sithney is north of Porthleven. The population including Boscadjack and Crowntown at the 2011 census was 841.

It is named after Saint Sithney, the patron saint of the parish church. Saint Sithney was one of the band of Irish missionaries who came to west Cornwall. William Worcester recorded in 1478 that the body of the saint lay within the church.

Porthleven
Porthleven (/ˌpɔːθˈlɛvən/; Cornish: Porthlynn) is a town, civil parish and fishing port in Cornwall, England. The most southerly port in Great Britain, it was a harbour of refuge when this part of the Cornish coastline was infamous for wrecks in the days of sail. The South West Coast Path from Somerset to Dorset passes through the town. At the 2021 census, the population of the parish was 3,117.
Thanet Belle
The Thanet Belle was a named train run by the Southern Region of British Railways from 1948 until it was withdrawn in 1958 due to the electrification of the route. It ran from London Victoria to Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate.

The train, composed of Pullman stock, had its origins in  the Thanet Pullman Limited, introduced by the South Eastern and Chatham Railway in July 1921 but withdrawn in 1928.

The Thanet Belle was usually hauled by a West Country class or Battle of Britain class locomotive.

From 1951, three coaches were detached at Faversham and ran separately through to Canterbury East, and the name of the whole train was changed to Kentish Belle. The Canterbury service was withdrawn after only one year, but the new name for the train was retained.

The use of the name Kentish Belle was discontinued after 1958 because of the impending completion of the first phase of the "Kent Coast Electrification" in 1959.

Pullman train (UK)
Pullman trains in Great Britain were mainline luxury railway services that operated with first-class coaches and a steward service, provided by the British Pullman Car Company (PCC) from 1874 until 1962, and then by British Railways from 1962 until 1972. Many named mainline service trains have subsequently used the word 'Pullman' in their titles, but most of these have been normal trains with increased first-class accommodation. Since 1982 however, some railtours have been operated by companies using Pullman coaches dating from the 1920s to 1950s to recreate the ambience of the heyday of Pullman travel.
Glienicke Bridge
The Glienicke Bridge (German: Glienicker Brücke, German pronunciationⓘ) is a bridge across the Havel River in Germany, connecting the Wannsee district of Berlin with the Brandenburg capital, Potsdam. It is named after nearby Glienicke Palace. The current bridge, the fourth on the site, was completed in 1907, although major reconstruction was necessary after it was damaged during World War II.

During the Cold War, as this portion of the Havel River formed the border between West Berlin and East Germany, the bridge was used several times for the exchange of captured spies and thus became known as the Bridge of Spies.

Glienicke Palace
Glienicke Palace (German: Schloss Glienicke) is a historic palace located on the peninsula of Berlin-Wannsee in Germany. It was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel around 1825 for Prince Carl of Prussia. Since 1990, Glienicke Palace and the park have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin" because of their unique contribution to Prussian landscape architecture.
Zénaïde Bonaparte
Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte, Princess of Canino and Musignano (8 July 1801 – 8 August 1854) was the elder daughter of Joseph Bonaparte and Julie Clary, and thus the niece of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the wife of naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte, who was also her cousin. She joined her father in exile for several years in Bordentown, New Jersey.

Julie Clary
Marie Julie Clary (26 December 1771 – 7 April 1845), also known as Julie Bonaparte, was Queen of Naples, then of Spain and the Indies, as the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, who was King of Naples from January 1806 to June 1808, and later King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies from 25 June 1808 to June 1813.
Caen station
Caen, Gare de l'Ouest or Gare Calvados, is the main and now only station serving the city of Caen, Normandy, France. The station stands on the main line from Paris to Cherbourg and although it mainly is an intercity station many regional trains use the station. Typical services link Caen to Lisieux, Paris, Rouen, Saint-Lô, Granville, Bayeux and Cherbourg. The station opened in 1857 with the arrival of the CF de l'Ouest line from Paris. The station was rebuilt by Henri Pacon in 1934.

Bayeux station
Bayeux station (French: Gare de Bayeux) is the train station for the town of Bayeux, Calvados, Normandy. It is situated on the Mantes-la-Jolie–Cherbourg railway.

It is a small station with regional trains (TER) to Cherbourg, Caen, Paris and Granville.
Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda
The Tsui Sing Lau Pagoda (Chinese: 聚星樓; Jyutping: zeoi6 sing1 lau4; lit. 'The Pagoda of Gathering Stars') is the only surviving ancient pagoda in Hong Kong near MTR Tin Shui Wai station and Light Rail Tin Shui Wai stop. It is part of the Ping Shan Heritage Trail and a declared monument.

Ping Shan Heritage Trail
Ping Shan Heritage Trail is a heritage trail located in the Ping Shan area of Yuen Long District, in Hong Kong. The trail was inaugurated on 12 December 1993. It passes through the villages of Hang Tau Tsuen, Hang Mei Tsuen and Sheung Cheung Wai and it includes several declared monuments and graded buildings.

The Ping Shan Tang Clan Gallery and Heritage Trail Visitors Centre was opened in 2007. It is housed in the Old Ping Shan Police Station.
Nissan Micra
The Nissan Micra, also known as the Nissan March (Japanese: 日産・マーチ, Hepburn: Nissan Māchi), is a supermini car (B-segment) that has been produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan from 1982. The March name has always been used in the Japanese markets but also in many export markets across Asia and Latin America and others.

The Nissan Micra/March partially replaced the Nissan Cherry. It was exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealership network Nissan Cherry Store until 1999 when the Cherry network was combined into Nissan Red Stage until 2003. Until Nissan began selling kei cars in Japan, the March was Nissan's smallest vehicle there. Unlike most Nissans in the domestic market, it was never sold under other names through other distribution chains.

Continuously variable transmission
A continuously variable transmission (CVT) is an automatic transmission that can change through a continuous range of gear ratios, typically resulting in better fuel economy in gasoline applications. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant angular velocity while the vehicle moves at varying speeds.
Thus, CVT has a simpler structure, longer internal component lifespan in theory, and potentially greater durability. Compared to traditional or standard  automatic transmissions, it offers lower fuel consumption and greater environmental friendliness.

CVTs are used in cars, tractors, side-by-sides, motor scooters, snowmobiles, bicycles, and heavy equipment. The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain; however, several other designs have also been used at times.
Urn problem
In probability and statistics, an urn problem is an idealized mental exercise in which some objects of real interest (such as atoms, people, cars, etc.) are represented as colored balls in an urn or other container. One pretends to remove one or more balls from the urn; the goal is to determine the probability of drawing one color or another, 
or some other properties. A number of important variations are described below.

An urn model is either a set of probabilities that describe events within an urn problem, or it is a probability distribution, or a family of such distributions, of random variables associated with urn problems.

Hypergeometric distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the hypergeometric distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of  successes (random draws for which the object drawn has a specified feature) in  draws, without replacement, from a finite population of size  that contains exactly  objects with that feature, where in each draw is either a success or a failure. In contrast, the binomial distribution describes the probability of  successes in  draws with replacement.
Snow Hill (Connecticut)
41°57′14″N 72°12′36″W﻿ / ﻿41.954°N 72.210°W﻿ / 41.954; -72.210

Snow Hill is a 1210' hill located in the NW corner of Ashford, Connecticut and is the highest point in Windham County Connecticut.  It is in the Nipmuck State Forest and adjacent to the Connecticut Mountain Laurel Sanctuary.

There is an FCC RCO located near the top of the hill.

Nipmuck State Forest
Nipmuck State Forest is a Connecticut state forest.  Its 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) surround Bigelow Hollow State Park in the town of Union and include parcels in Stafford, Ashford, and other towns.  The forest is part of a larger network of forest lands making up some 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) in all.
Tigerville, South Carolina
Tigerville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 United States census the population was 1,312. It lies 12 miles (19 km) north of Taylors, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Travelers Rest, and 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Greer. North Greenville University, a private institution of higher education affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention, is located in Tigerville. The community is part of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley metropolitan area.

Poinsett Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.

Greenville County, South Carolina
Greenville County (/ˈɡriːnvɪl/ GREEN-vil; locally /ˈɡriːnvəl/ GREEN-vəl) is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 525,534, making it the most populous county in the state. Its county seat is Greenville. The county is also home to the Greenville County School District, the largest school system in South Carolina. Greenville County is the most populous county in Upstate South Carolina as well as the state. It is the central county of the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC Combined Statistical Area.
Cipero Tramway
The Cipero Tramway (also known as the Cipero Tramroad) was a railway connecting the town of Princes Town (then known as the Misson of Savana Grande) and San Fernando in south Trinidad. Built in the 1850s, it was eventually absorbed into the Trinidad Government Railway in the 1920s.

Trinidad Government Railway
The Trinidad Government Railway existed between 1876 and 28 December 1968.  Originally built to connect Port of Spain with Arima, the railway was extended to Couva in 1880, San Fernando in 1882, Cunapo (now Sangre Grande) in 1897, Tabaquite in 1898, Siparia in 1913 and Rio Claro in 1914.
God Bless
God Bless is an Indonesian rock band founded in Jakarta in 1973 by Ahmad Albar, Jockie Soerjoprajogo, Fuad Hassan, Donny Fattah, and Ludwig Lemans. It continues to be active and has received several awards from the Indonesian music industry.

Indonesian rock
Indonesian rock is rock music from Indonesia, a product of the culture and globalizing outlook of the country, similar to this genre's music globally. Indonesian-specific ideas about individualism, interdependency, modernism, and the supernatural have also been observed in the rock videos and music of the nation.
Paul Kupperberg
Paul Kupperberg (/ˈkʌpərbɜːrɡ/; born June 14, 1955) is an American writer and comics editor. He is currently a writer and executive editor at Charlton Neo Comics and Pix-C Webcomics, and a contributing author with Crazy 8 Press. Formerly, he was an editor for DC Comics and executive editor of Weekly World News, as well as a writer of novels, comic books, and newspaper strips.

Checkmate (comics)
Checkmate is a fictional covert operations agency appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The antihero team first appeared in Action Comics #598 (March 1988) and proceeded to have its own ongoing title in Checkmate!. In the wake of events depicted in the mini-series The OMAC Project and Infinite Crisis, Checkmate is re-chartered as a United Nations Security Council-affiliated agency and was again given its own series, Checkmate (vol. 2).
Mohammed al-Shaykh
Mawlay Mohammed al-Shaykh al-Sharif al-Hassani (Arabic: محمد الشيخ الشريف الحسني), known as Mohammed al-Shaykh (Arabic: محمد الشيخ; b. c. 1490 – d. 23 October 1557), was the first sultan of the Saadian dynasty (1544–1557). He was particularly successful in expelling the Portuguese from most of their bases in present-day Morocco. He also eliminated the Wattasids and resisted the Ottomans.

Ali Abu Hassun
Ali Abu Hassun (Arabic: أبو حسون علي بن محمد الشيخ الوطاسي), also Abu al Hasan Abu Hasun or Abu Hasun, full name Abu al-Hasan Abu Hasun Ali ibn Muhammad (died September 1554), was a regent of the Crown of Morocco for the Wattasid dynasty during the 16th century.
Amazonis Planitia
Amazonis Planitia (/əˈmæzənɪs pləˈnɪʃiə/, Latin Amāzŏnis) is one of the smoothest plains on Mars.  It is located between the Tharsis and Elysium volcanic provinces, to the west of Olympus Mons, in the Amazonis and Memnonia quadrangles, centered at 24°48′N 196°00′E﻿ / ﻿24.8°N 196.0°E﻿ / 24.8; 196.0.  The plain's topography exhibits extremely smooth features at several different lengths of scale.  A large part of the Medusae Fossae Formation lies in Amazonis Planitia.

Its name derives from one of the classical albedo features observed by early astronomers, which was in turn named after the Amazons, a mythical race of warrior women.

Memnonia quadrangle
The Memnonia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Memnonia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-16 (Mars Chart-16).

The quadrangle is a region of Mars that covers latitude -30° to 0° and longitude 135° to 180°. The western part of Memnonia is a highly cratered highland region that exhibits a large range of crater degradation.

Memnonia includes the Arcadia Planitia, Amazonis Planitia, Lucus Planum, Terra Sirenum, Daedalia Planum, and Terra Cimmeria regions.

Many ancient river valleys including Mangala Vallis, have been found in the Memnonia quadrangle. Mangala appears to have begun with the formation of a graben, a set of faults that may have exposed an aquifer.
Oogamy
Oogamy is a type of sexual reproduction where the gametes differ greatly in both size and form. In oogamy in animals the large female gamete (also known as the ovum) is immotile, while the small male gamete (also known as a sperm) is mobile. Most sexually reproducing species – animals,  land plants and some algae, are oogamous. It is generally accepted that isogamy is the ancestral state, from which oogamy evolved at least twenty times via anisogamy. Once oogamy evolves, males and females typically differ in various aspects. Internal fertilization may have originated from oogamy, although some studies suggest certain species may have evolved before the transition from external to internal fertilization. In streptophytes, oogamy occurred before the split from green algae.

Isogamy
Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), and is found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or female. Instead, organisms that reproduce through isogamy are said to have different mating types, most commonly noted as "+" and "−" strains.
Casalciprano
Casalciprano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Campobasso.

Casalciprano borders the following municipalities: Busso, Castropignano, Frosolone, Sant'Elena Sannita, Spinete, Torella del Sannio.

Frosolone
Frosolone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Isernia in the Italian region Molise, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Campobasso and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Isernia. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). Frosolone is known historically for the production of blades, including knives and scissors, and is home to a museum dedicated to the craft.
Shengavit District
Shengavit (Armenian: Շենգավիթ վարչական շրջան, romanized: Shengavit’ varch’akan shrjan), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, located at the southwestern part of the city. It has common borders with the districts of Malatia-Sebastia, Kentron, Erebuni and Nubarashen. Ararat Province forms the southern borders of the district.

Kentron District
Kentron (Armenian: Կենտրոն վարչական շրջան, romanized: Kentron varch’akan shrjan), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. It comprises the downtown, the commercial centre of the city. As of the 2022 census, the district has a population of 119,841.

Kentron is bordered by Ajapnyak and Malatia-Sebastia districts from the west, Shengavit and Erebuni districts from the south, Nor Nork District from the east and Arabkir and Kanaker-Zeytun districts from the north. Hrazdan River flows through the western part of the district.