hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ardgillan Castle
Ardgillan Castle is a country house near Balbriggan, County Dublin, Ireland. It is set in the 200-acre (0.81 km2) Ardgillan Demesne (Irish: Ard Giolláin), a public park in the jurisdiction of Fingal County Council.

Kenure House
Kenure House (Irish: Ceann Iubhair – headland of the yew tree) was a large Georgian house and estate in Rush, County Dublin, Ireland. The main house was constructed between 1703 and 1713 by the Duke of Ormond on the grounds of an earlier house but was destroyed by fire and rebuilt around 1827. A later portico and further additions were added in 1842 to a design by George Papworth. The main house was demolished by Dublin County Council in 1978 and the granite portico is the only portion of the main house which still stands as of 2026.
Tiberian Hebrew
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee c. 750–950 CE under the Abbasid Caliphate. They wrote in the form of Tiberian vocalization, which employed diacritics added to the Hebrew letters: vowel signs and consonant diacritics (nequdot) and the so-called accents (two related systems of cantillation signs or te'amim). These together with the marginal notes masora magna and masora parva make up the Tiberian apparatus.

Although the written vowels and accents came into use in around 750 CE, the oral tradition that they reflect is many centuries older, with ancient roots.

Sephardi Hebrew
Sephardi Hebrew (or Sepharadi Hebrew; Hebrew: עברית ספרדית, romanized: Ivrit Sefardit, Ladino: Ebreo de los Sefaradim) is the pronunciation system for Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jews.  Its phonology was influenced by contact languages such as Spanish and Portuguese, Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), Judeo-Arabic dialects, and Modern Greek.
Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto
The Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto, commonly known as CÉFCUT (English: Metropolitan Toronto French School Board), is a former public secular French first language school district. The school board was established in 1988 to manage secular French first language schools in Metropolitan Toronto. It operated until 1998, when CÉFCUT was formally merged with other secular French school boards in the Ontario Peninsula, creating Conseil scolaire Viamonde.

Public separate French schools in Toronto were not managed by CÉFCUT, but Les Conseil des écoles catholiques du Grand Toronto, a board managed by the Metropolitan Separate School Board (MSSB). MSSB controlled the separate French school board until 1998, when the MSSB was reorganized, and its English and French components were split into separate school boards. Separate French first language schools in Toronto are presently managed by the Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir.

Metropolitan Toronto
The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was an upper-tier level of municipal government in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the old city of Toronto and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanize rapidly after World War II. It was commonly referred to as "Metro Toronto" or "Metro".

Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current City of Toronto. The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution: Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, and the Rouge River to the east.
Pat Blair
Patricia Ann Blair is an American calligrapher. She served as White House chief calligrapher and director of the Graphics and Calligraphy Office at the White House.

Blair's work has been published in Letter Arts Review, Scripsit, Martha Stewart Weddings, and Tabellae Ansatae. She is a member of the faculty of the Loudoun Academy of the Arts, and has been on the faculty of numerous International Calligraphy Conferences. Blair is past president of the Washington Calligraphers Guild, and was co-director of Letterforum, at the 26th International Calligraphy Conference.

In 2005, Pat Blair was awarded the honor "Master Penman" by the International Association of Master Penmen, Engrossers and Teachers of Handwriting for her Spencerian round hand style of script used in White House invitations.

In March 2013, Blair's over $96,000 annual salary, and the salary of her two deputy calligraphers, became a source of debate when published by the White House and reported online.

White House Chief Calligrapher
The White House chief calligrapher is responsible for the design and execution of all social and official documents at the White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the president of the United States.

The chief calligrapher worked in the East Wing of the White House in the Graphics and Calligraphy Office with two deputy calligraphers. Projects of the chief calligrapher range from official invitations to state dinners, official greetings from the president, proclamations, military commissions, service awards, and place cards.

The current White House chief calligrapher is Lee Ann Clark. Her salary was $109,200.00 in 2020.
Crib talk
Crib talk or crib speech is pre-sleep monologue made by young children while in bed. This starts somewhere around one-and-a-half years and usually ends by about two-and-a-half years of age, though children can continue longer. It consists of conversational discourse with turn-taking often containing semantically and syntactically coherent question-answer sequences. It may contain word play and bits of song and nursery rhyme.

Crib talk has been found in deaf children in their early sign language. It also occurs in autistic children.

Toddler
A toddler is a child approximately 1 to 3 years old, though definitions vary. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from "toddle", which means to walk unsteadily, as children at this age do.

By the age of two, toddlers typically reach several important milestones, including walking, running, climbing and speaking in short phrases. Their vocabulary expands rapidly and they begin to show increased independence as they explore their environment and make known their preferences.
Alonzo Edwin Branch
Alonzo Edwin Branch (April 30, 1874 – December 15, 1925), also known as A. Edwin Branch, was an American college football coach. He served as the head coach at the University of Nebraska in 1899 and at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1900, compiling a career college football record of 1–11–1.

In 1899, Branch led the Nebraska to an exhibition win against Lincoln High School and one victory over Drake. Nebraska had their first losing season under Branch and after the season, he was replaced by Walter C. Booth. Branch's winning percentage of .167 is the lowest of any head coach in the history of the Nebraska Cornhuskers football program.

Walter C. Booth
Walter Cowles "Bummy" Booth (December 7, 1874 – April 5, 1944) was an American football coach.  He served as the head football coach at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from 1900 to 1905, compiling a record of 46–8–1.  Booth led Nebraska to a perfect, shutout season in 1902.  His teams achieved the longest winning streak in Nebraska football history with 27 victories including exhibition games, and the second longest with 24 victories excluding exhibition games.  That streak remained unbroken until the 1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers extended their winning streak to 26 games.
Ibiza
Ibiza (/ɪˈbiːzə/ (US) /ɪˈbiːθə/ (UK); Spanish: [iˈβiθa]; Catalan: Eivissa [əjˈvisə]; see below) or Iviza is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea off the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. It is 150 kilometres (93 miles) from the city of Valencia. It is the third largest of the Balearic Islands in area, but the second-largest by population. Its largest settlements are Ibiza Town (Catalan: Vila d'Eivissa, or simply Vila), Santa Eulària des Riu, and Sant Antoni de Portmany. Its highest point, called Sa Talaiassa (or Sa Talaia), is 475 metres (1,558 feet) above sea level.

Ibiza is well known for its nightlife and electronic dance music club scene in  the summer, which attract large numbers of tourists. The island's government and the Spanish Tourist Office have worked toward promoting more family-oriented tourism.

Ibiza is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Ibiza and the nearby island of Formentera to its south are called the Pine Islands, or "Pityuses".

Santa Eulària des Riu
Santa Eulària des Riu (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsantə əwˈlaɾiə ðəz ˈriw], Spanish: Santa Eulalia del Río) is a coastal town on the south eastern coast of the Spanish island of Ibiza. The town is located on the designated road EI-200. Santa Eulària is the third largest town on the island and also has the only river on the island which flows into the sea at the western end of the town.
Yūki Shrine
Yūki Shrine (結城神社, Yūki jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Its main festival is held annually on May 1, 2 and 3. It is one of the Fifteen Shrines of the Kenmu Restoration.

Tsu, Mie
Tsu (津市, Tsu-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [tsɯꜜ(.ɕi)]) is the capital city of Mie Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 July 2021, the city had an estimated population of 274,879 in 127,273 households and a population density of 390 persons per km2. The total area of the city is  711.11 square kilometres (274.56 sq mi). Although the second largest city in the prefecture in terms of population (behind Yokkaichi), its designation as the prefectural capital and its holding of a large concentration of national government offices and educational facilities make the city the administrative and educational center of Mie Prefecture.
2020 Currumbin state by-election
A by-election was held for the seat of Currumbin in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland on 28 March 2020 following the resignation of Jann Stuckey on 1 February 2020. The by-election was held on the same day as the Bundamba by-election and the statewide local government elections.

Laura Gerber won the by-election, holding the seat for the Liberal National Party.

2020 Queensland local elections
The 2020 Queensland local elections were held on 28 March 2020 to elect the mayors and councils of the 77 local government areas in Queensland, Australia.

The elections were held in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, and on the same day as the state by-elections in Bundamba and Currumbin.
Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910
The Seat of Government (Administration) Act 1910 is an Australian Commonwealth Government act. The act established the Federal Capital Territory's (now Australian Capital Territory) laws based on the laws of New South Wales up until 1911. From 1911 onwards the laws of the territory would be created by the Commonwealth and Governor-General. This system remained in effect up until the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988 brought self-government to the ACT.

The act was signed on 25 November 1910 by the Governor-General Lord Dudley.

Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988
The Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988 is an Act of the Parliament of Australia enacted on 6 December 1988, that establishes "a body politic under the Crown by the name of the Australian Capital Territory" and is the constitutional foundation of the Territory's government.
Yaxun Bʼalam IV
Yaxun Bʼahlam IV, also called Bird Jaguar IV, was a Mayan king from Yaxchilan. He ruled from 752 until 768 AD, continuing the period of prosperity started by his father Itzamnaaj Bʼahlam III. He had to struggle to take and hold power, as he was not perceived to be the rightful heir to the throne.

Itzamnaaj Bahlam III
Itzamnaaj Bahlam III (also styled Itzamnaaj B'alam, Shield Jaguar) (647 - June 15, 742) was a Mayan king of the city of Yaxchilan which is now located in Chiapas, Mexico. He rose to power in October 681 and continued to rule until his death in June 742. Itzamnaaj Bahlam III is best known for the many buildings and stelae he commissioned during his rule, many of which are still found at Yaxchilan today. He was spouse to Lady Ik' Skull who herself ruled for a time.
Gotham Independent Film Audience Award
The Gotham Independent Film Audience Award was one of the annual Gotham Independent Film Awards awarded between 2010 and 2020. The winner was determined via an online vote, in earlier years by the independent film community and film fans (2010–2013), and later by members of the Independent Filmmaker Project (2014–2020).

Gotham Awards
The Gotham Awards are American film awards presented annually at a ceremony in New York City.

The awards are a program of the Gotham Film & Media Institute (formerly the Independent Filmmaker Project or IFP), the United States' largest membership organization dedicated to independent film, founded in 1979. First presented in 1991, the awards were originally created to showcase and honor films made primarily in the Northeastern United States.
Coaș
Coaș (Hungarian: Kovás) is a commune in Maramureș County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Coaș and Întrerâuri (Láposköz). These were part of Săcălășeni Commune between 1968 and 2004, when they were split off to recreate a separate commune.

Săcălășeni
Săcălășeni (Hungarian: Szakállasfalva) is a commune in Maramureș County, Romania. It is made up of three villages: Coruia (Karuly), Culcea (Kővárkölcse), and Săcălășeni. From 1968 to 2004, it also included four other villages. These were then split off to recreate Coaș and Coltău Communes.

The commune belongs to the Baia Mare metropolitan area. It is located in the southwestern part of Maramureș County, 11 km (6.8 mi) south of the county seat, Baia Mare. The Lăpuș River flows through Săcălășeni.

At the 2021 census, the commune had a population of 2,438; of those, 89.29% were Romanians and 3.53% Roma.
Ferrier rearrangement
The Ferrier rearrangement is an organic reaction that involves a nucleophilic substitution reaction combined with an allylic shift in a glycal (a 2,3-unsaturated glycoside). It was discovered by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier.

Allylic rearrangement
An allylic rearrangement or allylic shift is an organic chemical reaction in which reaction at a center vicinal to a double bond causes the double bond to shift to an adjacent pair of atoms:

It is encountered in both nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution, although it is usually suppressed relative to non-allylic substitution.  For example, reaction of 1-chloro-2-butene with sodium hydroxide gives 2-buten-1-ol and 3-buten-2-ol:

In the similar substitution of 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, the secondary 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol is produced in a yield of 85%, while that for the primary 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol is 15%.

Allylic shifts occur because the transition state is an allyl intermediate.  In other respects they are similar to classical nucleophilic substitution, and admit both bimolecular and monomolecular mechanisms (respectively the SN2' and SN1'/SNi' substitutions).
Douglass (lunar crater)
Douglass is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies to the southwest of the crater Frost and south-southwest of the large walled plain Landau.

The western rim has been shaped by several interior impacts, most notably the remnant of a crater that cuts an outward notch in the northwestern rim. The southeastern rim of this interior crater is now little more than a low rise across the floor of Douglass. Another impact along the southern side has produced a smaller outward bulge and a portion of the rim forms a ridge protruding into the interior floor. Smaller craters lie along the northeastern rim. The remainder of the rim is worn and rounded, and the interior floor is otherwise level and featureless.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Douglass was called Crater 162.

Frost (crater)
Frost is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the southern rim of the walled plain Landau, and lies on the far side of the Moon. Just to the east is Petropavlovskiy, and to the northeast along the edge of Landau is Razumov. The crater Douglass is located less than a crater diameter to the west-southwest.

The outer rim of Frost is eroded, but is overlaid by only one small craterlet along the northeast side. The inner wall is wider and heavier along the northern side where it has been reinforced by the former rim of Landau. The northern part of the interior floor is occupied by two smaller craters, with the larger of the two along the northwest inner wall. The southern part of the floor is relatively level and featureless.

Prior to formal naming by the IAU in 1970, Frost was called Crater 166.
Ruchi (Glarus Alps)
The Ruchi is a mountain in the Glarus Alps, located at an elevation of 3,107 m (10,194 ft) on the border between the Swiss cantons of Glarus and Grisons (Graubünden). It overlooks the Muttsee (2,446 m or 8,025 ft) on its west side from where a trail leads to the summit. On its south-east side lies a small glacier, the Glatscher da Gavirolas. The Ruchi is connected to the higher summit of the Hausstock on the north-east by a 2 km (1.2 mi) long ridge.

The nearest settlements are the villages of Linthal to the north, and Andiast to the south. Administratively, the mountain lies in the municipalities of Glarus Süd and Waltensburg/Vuorz.

Waltensburg/Vuorz
Waltensburg/Vuorz is a former municipality in the Surselva Region in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Andiast and Waltensburg/Vuorz merged into the municipality of Breil/Brigels.
John Henry Chamberlain
John Henry Chamberlain (21 June 1831 – 22 October 1883), generally known professionally as J. H. Chamberlain, was a British nineteenth-century architect based in Birmingham.

Working predominantly in the Victorian Gothic style, he was one of the earliest and foremost practical exponents of the ideas of architectural theorist John Ruskin, who selected Chamberlain as one of the trustees of his Guild of St George. Chamberlain's later work was increasingly influenced by the early Arts and Crafts movement.

The majority of Chamberlain's buildings were located in and around Birmingham, where he was a major figure in civic life and an influential friend of many of the Liberal elite who dominated the city under Mayor Joseph Chamberlain (to whom he was unrelated).

Birmingham board school
The Birmingham board schools were set up very rapidly after the Forster Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) was enacted, covering England and Wales. Over forty were created in Birmingham.
Behavioral Science Unit
The Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) is the original name of a unit within the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Training Division at Quantico, Virginia, formed in response to the rise of sexual assault and homicide in the 1970s. The unit was usurped by the Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) and renamed the Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU) and currently is called the Behavioral Analysis Unit (5) (BAU-5) within the National Center for Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC).  The BAU-5 currently works on developing research and then using the evidence-based results to provide training and improve consultation in the behavioral sciences—understanding who criminals are, how they think, why they do what they do—for the FBI and law enforcement communities.

Robert Ressler
Robert Kenneth Ressler (February 21, 1937 – May 5, 2013) was an American FBI agent and author. He played a significant role in the psychological profiling of violent offenders in the 1970s and is often credited with coining the term "serial killer", though the term is a direct translation of the German term Serienmörder coined in 1930 by Berlin investigator Ernst Gennat. After retiring from the FBI, he authored a number of books on serial murders, and often gave lectures on criminology.
Rawtenstall
Rawtenstall (/ˈrɒtənstɔːl/) is a town in the borough of Rossendale, Lancashire, England. The town lies 15 miles (24 km) north of Manchester, 22 miles (35 km) east of Preston and 45 miles (70 km) south east of Lancaster. The town is at the centre of the Rossendale Valley. As of 2022, it had a population of 23,000.

Peter Whitehead (businessman)
Peter Whitehead (1793–1866) was a prominent business man in Rawtenstall, Lancashire. With his brothers Thomas and David he established Thomas Whitehead and Brothers in 1815.

Following the dissolution of Thomas Whitehead and Brothers in 1855, Whitehead built the Ilex Mill, Rawtenstall in 1856.

He is buried in the same grave as his two brothers in the churchyard of Longholme Methodist Church.
Grosmont Tunnel
The Grosmont Tunnels are two separate railway tunnels adjoining each other in the village of Grosmont, North Yorkshire, England. The first tunnel was built in 1835 and has now become a pedestrian route through to the North York Moors Railway (NYMR) engine sheds on the south side of the hill.

The original tunnel was superseded by a new bore in the 1840s that was sited immediately west of the old tunnel. The 1830s tunnel is now the only original structure built by the Whitby & Pickering Railway (W&P) that is under the care of the NYMR.

Grosmont, North Yorkshire
Grosmont (/ˈɡroʊmɒnt/ GROH-mont; archaically spelt Growmond) is a village and civil parish situated in Eskdale in the North York Moors National Park, within the boundaries of the county of North Yorkshire, England. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Scarborough, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Grosmont Priory was established in the 12th century and closed during the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century. The village was established in the 1830s when the Whitby to Pickering Railway was built, and grew as a result of industrial iron ore extraction, and in the 1860s the development of an ironworks led to further growth. Up to at least the 1850s the village was known as Tunnel.
Migyitun
Migyitun (Tibetan: ཀློ་མི་ཁྱིམ་བདུན, Wylie: klo mi khyim bdun, THL: lo mi khyim dün), also called Tsari (Tibetan: རྩ་རི, Wylie: rtsa ri) or Zhari  (Chinese: 扎日乡), is a town in the Lhöntse County of Tibet's Shannan Prefecture. It is on the banks of the Tsari Chu river close to the McMahon Line, the de facto border with India's Arunachal Pradesh. It is also a key part of the Buddhist Tsari pilgrimage, made once in twelve years, that makes a wide circumambulation of the Dakpa Sheri mountain.

Lhünzê County
Lhünzê County (Tibetan: ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་།; Chinese: 隆子县, English: Lhöntse Dzong) is a county of Shannan located in the south-east of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. "Lhünzê" means "self-existing pinnacle" in Tibetan. Part of Lhünzê County is claimed by India as part of Arunachal Pradesh, which is a disputed area between China and India.
Cystobasidium
Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states. The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens.

Cystobasidium fimetarium
Cystobasidium fimetarium is a species of fungus in the order Cystobasidiales. It is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung. Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species is known from Europe and North America.