hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Meteor (bar)
Meteor, also known as Meteor Houston, Meteor Nightclub, or Meteor Urban Video Lounge, was a gay bar and nightclub in Neartown, Houston, Texas, in the United States. The bar hosted an annual Mr. Gay Pride Houston competition.

Charles Armstrong acquired Meteor in 2004.

Meteor was connected to other bars owned by the same group via a shuttle: JR's Bar and Grill, Montrose Mining Company, and South Beach Houston. Initially the shuttle was free, but during competition with F Bar the shuttle was given a $3 charge which would be compensated by the sister bars; this was to encourage people taking the shuttle to go to the JR's family of bars instead of to F Bar, as some patrons of the shuttle had done. F Bar later began compensating the $3 charges.

Meteor closed in 2016.

F Bar
F Bar was a gay bar and nightclub in Midtown, Houston, in the U.S. state of Texas. The bar opened in 2011 and closed in 2017. Garth Mueller of Frommer's rated the bar 1 out of 3 stars.

F Bar had taken customers from the JR's Bar and Grill/South Beach Houston/Montrose Mining Company/Meteor bar family, and the latter business family banned employees who began working at F Bar from patronizing JR/South Beach/Meteor. After the JR's business family enacted a fee on the shuttle between Meteor and the other bars, F Bar began compensating for the shuttle fee.
Prospective payment system
A prospective payment system (PPS) is a term used in the United States to refer to several payment methodologies in which medical insurance reimbursement is determined in advance, using predetermined rates that are generally adjusted for factors such as case mix, geography, and facility characteristics, rather than the actual costs incurred for a specific service.

Balanced Budget Act of 1997
The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Pub. L. 105–33 (text) (PDF), 111 Stat. 251, enacted August 5, 1997) was an omnibus legislative package enacted by the United States Congress, using the budget reconciliation process, and designed to balance the federal budget by 2002. This act was enacted during Bill Clinton's second term as president.

According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the act was to result in $160 billion in spending reductions between 1998 and 2002.  After taking into account an increase in spending on Welfare and Children's Healthcare, the savings totaled $127 billion.  Medicare cuts were responsible for $112 billion, and hospital inpatient and outpatient payments covered $44 billion. In order to reduce Medicare spending, the act reduced payments to health service providers. However, some of those changes to payments were reversed by subsequent legislation in 1999 and 2000.
Tinea versicolor
Tinea versicolor (also pityriasis versicolor) is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities.  The majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the fungus Malassezia globosa, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases. These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and become troublesome only under certain conditions, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood.

The condition pityriasis versicolor was first identified in 1846.  Versicolor comes from the Latin versāre 'to turn' + color.

It is commonly referred to as Peter Elam's disease in many parts of South Asia.

Hypopigmentation
Hypopigmentation is characterized specifically as an area of skin becoming lighter than the baseline skin color, but not completely devoid of pigment. This is not to be confused with depigmentation, which is characterized as the absence of all pigment.  It is caused by melanocyte or melanin depletion, or a decrease in the amino acid tyrosine, which is used by melanocytes to make melanin. Some common genetic causes include mutations in the tyrosinase gene or OCA2 gene.  As melanin pigments tend to be in the skin, eye, and hair, these are the commonly affected areas in those with hypopigmentation.

Hypopigmentation is common and approximately one in twenty have at least one hypopigmented macule. Hypopigmentation can be upsetting to some, especially those with darker skin whose hypopigmentation marks are seen more visibly. Most causes of hypopigmentation are not serious and can be easily treated.
Felsted
Felsted (sometimes spelt Felstead) is a village and civil parish in the Uttlesford district of Essex, England. As well as the village itself, the parish also includes the hamlets of Bannister Green, Bartholomew Green, Causeway End, Coblers Green, Cock Green, Frenches Green, Gransmore Green, Hartford End, Molehill Green, Milch Hill, Thistley Green, Watch House Green and Willows Green. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 3,165.

Gransmore Green
Gransmore Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Felsted, in the Uttlesford district of  Essex, England. Nearby settlements include the  towns of Braintree and Great Dunmow, and Felsted village. The hamlet is situated on the B1417 road, with the A120 road nearby to the north.
United Kingdom National Nuclear Laboratory
The United Kingdom National Nuclear Laboratory (UKNNL, formerly National Nuclear Laboratory and earlier Nexia Solutions) is a UK government owned and operated nuclear services technology provider covering the whole of the nuclear fuel cycle. It is fully customer-funded and operates at six locations in the United Kingdom. Its customers have included the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, Sellafield Ltd, Westinghouse, the Health and Safety Executive, the Ministry of Defence, the UK Atomic Energy Authority, VT Nuclear and British Energy. It also has links with academia, including collaborative agreements on waste immobilisation and disposal with the University of Sheffield and on nuclear materials research with the University of Manchester.

Sellafield Ltd
Sellafield Ltd is a British nuclear decommissioning Site Licence Company (SLC) controlled by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), a UK government body set up specifically to deal with the nuclear legacy under the Energy Act 2004. From 2008–2016, it was operated under licence from the NDA by a third party Parent Body Organisation called Nuclear Management Partners (NMP). Since the termination of the NMP contract it has been brought back under direct governmental control by making it a subsidiary of the NDA.

Sellafield Ltd's main aim is to manage the decommissioning of the Sellafield facility in Cumbria, England, on behalf of the NDA. The company employs more than 13,000 workers and its focus is to deliver accelerated nuclear decommissioning and clean-up programmes. It is also involved in nuclear fuel production and reprocessing, and international nuclear decommissioning and transportation.
Voigtländer
Voigtländer (German pronunciation: [ˈfoːktlɛndɐ]) was a significant long-established company within the optics and photographic industry, headquartered in Braunschweig, Germany, and today continues as a trademark for a range of photographic products.

Petzval lens
The Petzval objective, or Petzval lens, is the first photographic portrait objective lens (with a 160 mm focal length) in the history of photography. It was developed by the Slovak mathematics professor  Joseph Petzval in 1840 in Vienna, with technical advice provided by Peter Wilhelm Friedrich von Voigtländer. The Voigtländer company went on to build the first Petzval lens in 1840 on behalf of Petzval, whereupon it became known throughout Europe. Later, the optical instruments maker Carl Dietzler in Vienna also produced the Petzval lens.
Satanicpornocultshop
Satanicpornocultshop is a Japanese experimental music group making assemblage-style compositions that incorporate a variety of musical styles and techniques. The group draws heavily on hip hop and electronic influences to create "bricolage hip hop" inspired by the theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss. Beginning in the early 2010s, the group began focusing on Juke and Footwork music, influenced by the Chicago scene.

Qwartz Electronic Music Awards
The Qwartz Electronic Music Awards recognize new and electronic music with awards and grants in music and technologies categories. An annual event takes place in Paris. The Qwartz Awards are presided by the pioneer Pierre Henry.
Besides the awards, Qwartz organizes an International New and Electronic Music Market, concerts, parties and conferences.
The Qwartz Awards recognize all aspects of contemporary art : music, audiovisual works and graphics, instruments, technological innovations, festivals, medias and new media arts. Pierre Henry, Derrick May, Laurie Anderson, Mathhew Herbert, Björk, Wolfgang Voigt, Otavio Henrique Soares Brandao, Ake Parmerud, Henri Pousseur, Can, Klaus Schulze, Lionel Marchetti in particular have already been awarded with a Qwartz d'Honneur.
Daqiao, Maoming
Daqiao (simplified Chinese: 笪桥; traditional Chinese: 笪橋; pinyin: Dáqiáo; Jyutping: daat3kiu4) is a town of in southwestern Guangdong province, China, located along China National Highway 207 and 19 kilometres (12 mi) (as the crow flies) from downtown Huazhou, which administers it. As of 2018, it has one residential community (社区) and 13 villages under its administration.

Huazhou, Guangdong
Huazhou (Chinese: 化州市; pinyin: Huàzhōu Shì), formerly romanized as Fachow or Fahsien, is a county-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province, China. Bordering Guangxi to the north, it is administrated as part of the prefecture-level city of Maoming. During the 2020 census, its population was 1,291,668, of which 472,746 were considered urban.
Charlevoix County, Michigan
Charlevoix County (/ˈʃɑːrləvɔɪ/ SHAR-lə-voy) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. The county seat is Charlevoix, and the largest city is Boyne City. Located in the Northern Lower Peninsula, Charlevoix County is bisected by Lake Charlevoix, Michigan's third largest inland lake. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 26,054. Beaver Island, the largest island in Lake Michigan, is located within Charlevoix County.

Charlevoix Township, Michigan
Charlevoix Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,763 at the 2020 census.

The township surrounds the city of Charlevoix in two segments along Lake Michigan and Lake Charlevoix, but the township and city are administered autonomously.
Richland County, South Carolina
Richland County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 416,147, making it the second-most populous county in South Carolina, behind only Greenville County. The county seat and largest community is Columbia, the state capital. The county was established on March 12, 1785. Richland County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2020, the center of population of South Carolina was located in Richland County, in the city of Columbia. The county is also the location of the geographic center of South Carolina, southeast of Columbia.
It is located in the Midlands region of South Carolina.

Riverbanks Zoo
The Riverbanks Zoo and Garden is a 170-acre (69 ha) zoo, aquarium, and botanical garden located along the Saluda River in Columbia, South Carolina, United States.  A small portion of the zoo extends into the nearby city of West Columbia.  It is operated by the Rich-Lex Riverbanks Park Special Purpose District, a partnership of the city of Columbia and Richland and Lexington counties.  It is overseen by the Riverbanks Park Commission, comprising two members each from the three governments and one at-large member.

Riverbanks Zoo and Garden is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA).
Alien Abduction (2014 film)
Alien Abduction (also known under the working title of The Morris Family Abduction) is a 2014 American found-footage science fiction horror film and the directorial debut of Matty Beckerman. The movie was released to VOD on April 4, 2014, and also had a limited theatrical run. The film stars Riley Polanski as an autistic 11-year-old boy who records his ordeal as an alien abductee.

Brown Mountain lights
The Brown Mountain lights are purported ghost lights near Brown Mountain in North Carolina. The earliest published references to strange lights there are from around 1910, at about the same time electric lighting was becoming widespread in the area. In 1922, a USGS scientist, George R. Mansfield, used a map and an alidade telescope to prove that the lights that were being seen were trains, car headlights, and brush fires, which ended widespread public concern.

With the original sightings of the early 20th century having been explained, storytellers have been creating imaginary pre-electrification histories of the lights ever since, and the nature of claimed encounters with the lights appears to have changed over the years to suit changing cultural expectations.
History of ITV
The history of ITV, the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.

Independent Television began as a network of independently owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.

Rediffusion London
Associated-Rediffusion, later Rediffusion London, was the British ITV franchise holder for London and parts of the surrounding counties, on weekdays between 22 September 1955 and 29 July 1968. It was the first ITA franchisee to go on air, and one of the "Big Four" companies that between them produced the majority of ITV networked programmes during this period.

Rediffusion lost its franchise in 1968 but merged with another franchisee to form Thames Television, which continued to hold the London weekday franchise for another 24 years.
Mark Warnow
Mark Warnow (April 10, 1900 – October 17, 1949) was an American violinist and orchestra conductor, who performed on the radio in the 1930s and 1940s. He was the older brother of composer and bandleader Raymond Scott, born Harry Warnow, and is credited with steering his younger brother into a career in music.

Raymond Scott
Raymond Scott (born Harry Warnow; September 10, 1908 – February 8, 1994) was an American composer, band leader, pianist and record producer. Known best in his time as a composer of production music, Scott is today regarded as an early pioneer of electronica.

Though Scott was never contracted to compose for animation, his music is familiar to millions because Carl Stalling adapted it in over 120 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies films produced by Warner Bros. Cartoons. His compositions may also be heard in The Ren and Stimpy Show (which uses Scott's recordings in twelve episodes), The Simpsons, Duckman, Animaniacs, The Oblongs, Batfink, Puppetoons, and SpongeBob SquarePants. The only time he composed to accompany animation was three 20-second commercial jingles for County Fair Bread in 1962.
Grain boundary
In materials science, a grain boundary is the interface between two grains, or crystallites, in a polycrystalline material. Grain boundaries are two-dimensional defects in the crystal structure, and tend to decrease the electrical and thermal conductivity of the material. Most grain boundaries are preferred sites for the onset of corrosion and for the precipitation of new phases from the solid. They are also important to many of the mechanisms of creep. On the other hand, grain boundaries disrupt the motion of dislocations through a material, so reducing crystallite size is a common way to improve mechanical strength, as described by the Hall–Petch relationship.

Crystallographic defect
A crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids. The positions and orientations of particles, which are repeating at fixed distances determined by the unit cell parameters in crystals, exhibit a periodic crystal structure, but this is usually imperfect. Several types of defects are often characterized: point defects, line defects, planar defects, bulk defects. Topological homotopy establishes a mathematical method of characterization.
Gaussian integer
In number theory, a Gaussian integer is a complex number whose real and imaginary parts are both integers. The Gaussian integers, with ordinary addition and multiplication of complex numbers, form an integral domain, usually written as  or

Gaussian integers share many properties with integers: they form a Euclidean domain, and thus have a Euclidean division and a Euclidean algorithm; this implies unique factorization and many related properties. However, Gaussian integers do not have a total order that respects arithmetic.

Gaussian integers are algebraic integers and form the simplest ring of quadratic integers.

Gaussian integers are  named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Greatest common divisor
In mathematics, the greatest common divisor (GCD), also known as greatest common factor (GCF), of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For two integers x, y, the greatest common divisor of x and y is denoted . For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4, that is, gcd(8, 12) = 4.

In the name "greatest common divisor", the adjective "greatest" may be replaced by "highest", and the word "divisor" may be replaced by "factor", so that other names include highest common factor (HCF), etc. Historically, other names for the same concept have included greatest common measure.

This notion can be extended to polynomials (see Polynomial greatest common divisor) and other commutative rings (see § In commutative rings below).
Panchito Alba
Alfonso Discher Tagle Sr., better known as Panchito Alba or simply Panchito (February 5, 1925 – December 18, 1995), was a Filipino film actor who almost exclusively appeared in comedy roles. He was known for his swarthy looks and a prominent big nose, which was often the target of ridicule, especially Dolphy calling him "baboy damo" (wild boar). Panchito frequently appeared as a comedic foil to Dolphy, with whom he was best friends in real life.

Bakit Kinagat ni Adan ang Mansanas ni Eba?
Bakit Kinagat ni Adan ang Mansanas ni Eba (transl. Why Did Adam Bite Eve's Apple?) is a 1988 Filipino slapstick comedy film directed by Mike Relon Makiling and written by Arsenio 'Matanghari' Liao, partially inspired by the story of Adam and Eve.
Pavillon de l'Horloge
48°51′38.21″N 2°20′15.70″E﻿ / ﻿48.8606139°N 2.3376944°E﻿ / 48.8606139; 2.3376944

The Pavillon de l'Horloge (French pronunciation: [pavijɔ̃ d(ə) lɔʁlɔʒ]; Clock Pavilion), also known as the Pavillon Sully ([pavijɔ̃ syli]), is a prominent architectural structure located in the center of the western wing of the Cour Carrée of the Louvre Palace in Paris. Since the late 19th century, the name Pavillon de l'Horloge has generally been applied to the structure's eastern face, which dates from the 17th century, and the name Pavillon Sully to its western face, which was redecorated in the 1850s as part of Napoleon III's Louvre expansion.

Cour Carrée
The Cour Carrée (French pronunciation: [kuʁ kaʁe]; Square Court) is one of the main courtyards of the Louvre Palace in Paris. The wings surrounding it were built gradually, over the course of the demolition of the  medieval Louvre and the construction of the current Renaissance building.
Skopska Crna Gora dialect
The Skopska Crna Gora dialect (Macedonian: Скопскоцрногорски дијалект, Skopskocrnogorski dijalekt) is a member of the western subgroup of the northern group of dialects of Macedonia. The dialect is spoken in a small territory north of Skopje and at the foot of the mountain Skopska Crna Gora. The name of the dialect is derived from the name of the mountain because there are no cities in that territory. The Skopska Crna Gora dialect is spoken in the villages: Kučkovo, Orman, Volkovo, Novo Selo, Brazda, Gluvo, Čučer, Gornjane, Banjane, Mirkovci, Kučevište, Pobožje, Brodec, Ljubanci, Ljuboten, Raštak, Gorno Orizari, Radišani, Bulačani, Cresevo and Stajkovci.

The dialect belongs to the Torlakian dialectal group (also known as Prizren-Timok dialects).

Northern Macedonian dialects
The Northern Macedonian dialects are one of three groups of Macedonian. The group is located in the northern and northeastern areas of North Macedonia,  surrounding the cities and towns of Tetovo, Skopje, Kumanovo, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, and Sveti Nikole. The group of Northern Macedonian dialects is divided into two subgroups: the western group and the eastern group.
Actinoplaca
Actinoplaca is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. The genus is foliicolous, meaning its species grow on the surface of living leaves in humid tropical forests, and has been recorded from Central and South America and tropical Africa. The genus produces distinctive spherical structures on the thallus surface, now understood to be a type of asexual reproductive structure called hyphophores, which were among the first such structures ever described in lichens.

Gomphillaceae
The Gomphillaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. They occur mainly in tropical regions, where many species are adapted to humid rainforests and grow directly on leaves rather than on bark or rock. The family contains about 46 genera and more than 800 species, although the true total may be higher because genetic work has revealed extensive cryptic diversity. Many members reproduce using specialised structures and produce few or none of the lichen products that are typical of other lichen groups. A major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023 formalised this revised classification, recognising and establishing 17 genera as new or reinstated.
Conchoid of de Sluze
In algebraic geometry, the conchoids of de Sluze are a family of plane curves studied in 1662 by Walloon mathematician René François Walter, baron de Sluze.

The curves are defined by the polar equation

In cartesian coordinates, the curves satisfy the implicit equation

except that for a = 0 the implicit form has an acnode (0,0) not present in polar form.

They are rational, circular, cubic plane curves.

These expressions have an asymptote x = 1 (for a ≠ 0). The point most distant from the asymptote is (1 + a, 0). (0,0) is a crunode for a < −1.

The area between the curve and the asymptote is, for a ≥ −1,

while for a < −1, the area is

If a < −1, the curve will have a loop. The area of the loop is

Four of the family have names of their own:

a = 0, line (asymptote to the rest of the family)

a = −1, cissoid of Diocles

a = −2, right strophoid

a = −4, trisectrix of Maclaurin

Trisectrix of Maclaurin
In algebraic geometry, the trisectrix of Maclaurin is a cubic plane curve notable for its trisectrix property, meaning it can be used to trisect an angle. It can be defined as locus of the point of intersection of two lines, each rotating at a uniform rate about separate points, so that the ratio of the rates of rotation is 1:3 and the lines initially coincide with the line between the two points. A generalization of this construction is called a sectrix of Maclaurin. The curve is named after Colin Maclaurin who investigated the curve in 1742.