hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Taifa of Toledo
The Taifa of Toledo (Arabic: طائفة طليطلة, romanized: ṭa'ifat ṭulayṭula) was an Islamic polity (taifa) located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula in the High Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Dhulnunids, a Hawwara Berber clan. It emerged after 1018 upon the fracturing of the Caliphate of Córdoba, when the Dhulnunids, already strong in the lands of Santaver, Cuenca, Huete and Uclés, seized control over the city of Toledo, the capital of the Middle March of Al-Andalus. Upon later territorial conquest, the taifa also expanded to the land of Calatrava. It lasted until the Christian conquest of Toledo in 1085.

Dhulnunid dynasty
The Dhulnunid dynasty or Dhunnunid dynasty, known in Arabic sources as Banū  Dhī  n-Nūn (Arabic: ﺑﻨﻮ ذي اﻟﻨﻭﻦ) was a Muslim Berber dynasty that reigned over the Taifa of Toledo in al-Andalus in the 11th century.

According to ibn 'Idhari, the family’s original name was Dhannūn, a common Berber name.
Lumière Award for Best First Film
The Lumière Award for Best First Film (French: Lumière du meilleur premier film) is an award presented annually by the Académie des Lumières since 2014. It was previously known as the Heike Hurst Award for Best First Film, in honour of the film critic.

Lumière Awards
The Lumière Awards (French: Prix Lumières), officially the Lumières de la presse internationale, are French film awards presented by the Académie des Lumières to honor the best in the French-speaking cinema of the previous year. The awards ceremony is organized by the Académie des Lumières which consists of over 200 representatives of the international press based in Paris. Today they are regarded as one of the most prestigious French film industry awards, and are considered France's equivalent to the Golden Globe Awards.
Türk Telekom B.K.
Türk Telekom Basketbol Kulübü (English: Turk Telekom Basketball Club) is a professional basketball team that is based in Ankara, Turkey. The team is currently playing in the Turkish Basketball Super League. It is a branch of the Türk Telekom GSK sports club. Their home arena is the Ankara Arena. The arena, which has a capacity of 10,400 seats, opened in April 2010.

2022–23 EuroCup Basketball
The 2022–23 EuroCup Basketball season was the 21st season of Euroleague Basketball's secondary level professional club basketball tournament. It is the 15th season since it was renamed from the ULEB Cup to the EuroCup, and the seventh and final season under the title sponsorship name of 7DAYS. The season began on 11 October 2022 and ended 3 May 2023.

Gran Canaria defeated Türk Telekom in the final, which was played at the Gran Canaria Arena in Las Palmas, to win their first EuroCup title. As winners, Gran Canaria automatically qualified for the 2023–24 EuroLeague. However, Gran Canaria gave up their spot in the league due to financial reasons.

The defending champions were Virtus Bologna, who were unable to defend their title as they played in the 2022–23 EuroLeague.
Saatchi & Saatchi
Saatchi and Saatchi is a British multinational communications and advertising agency network with 114 offices in 76 countries and more than 6,500 staff. It was founded in 1970 and is currently headquartered in London. The parent company of the agency group was known as Saatchi and Saatchi PLC from 1976 to 1994, was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange until 2000 and, for a time, was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2000, the group was acquired by the Publicis Groupe. In 2005, the group went private.

Robert Senior
Robert Senior (born 5 December 1964; Middlesbrough, UK.) is the CEO Worldwide of Saatchi & Saatchi, a position he has held since January 2015. Founded in 1970, Saatchi & Saatchi is one of the world’s leading advertising agencies, and part of Publicis Groupe, the world’s third largest communications group.
Sunday Graphic
The Sunday Graphic was a weekly English tabloid newspaper that was published in Fleet Street.

The newspaper was founded in 1915 as the Sunday Herald and was later renamed the Illustrated Sunday Herald.

It was acquired by Allied Newspapers in 1925; in 1927 it changed its name to the Sunday Graphic, becoming the sister paper of the Daily Sketch, which had recently taken over the Daily Graphic (and was renamed the Daily Graphic again from 1946 to 1952). In 1931 it was merged with the Sunday News.

The paper remained in the ownership of the Kemsley group after its daily sister paper was acquired by Associated Newspapers in 1952.  In 1959 the Kemsley group, including the Sunday Graphic, was acquired by Roy Thomson, later Lord Thomson.

The Sunday Graphic ceased publication on 4 December 1960.

Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper
Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper, called the Sunday News after 1924, was an early Sunday newspaper in the United Kingdom, launched in 1842 and ceasing publication in 1931.

On 16 February 1896, Lloyd’s Weekly became the only British newspaper in the nineteenth century to sell more than a million copies. In its heyday, Lloyd's Weekly was so popular that the music hall artiste Mathilda Wood changed her name to Marie Lloyd “because everyone’s heard of Lloyd’s”.
Blase Cupich
Blase Joseph Cupich (/ˈsuːpɪtʃ/ SOO-pitch; born March 19, 1949) is an American Catholic prelate who has served as Archbishop of Chicago since 2014. He was made a cardinal in 2016.

Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Cupich was ordained a priest in 1975. He was named Bishop of Rapid City by Pope John Paul II in 1998. Cupich was then named Bishop of Spokane by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. After being chosen by Pope Francis as Archbishop of Chicago, Cupich was installed there in 2014. In 2016 he was made a member the Roman Curia's Congregation for Bishops. He was appointed to the Congregation for Catholic Education in 2017.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane
The Diocese of Spokane (Latin: Dioecesis Spokanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Washington State in the United States.  It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Seattle.

The mother church of the Diocese of Spokane is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes in Spokane. As of 2025, the bishop of Spokane is Thomas Daly. The diocese was erected on December 17, 1913.
Polk County, Texas
Polk County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 50,123. Its county seat is Livingston. The county is named after President James K. Polk. The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation of the federally recognized tribe is in Polk County, where the people have been since the early 19th century. They were forcibly evicted by the federal government from their traditional territory in the Southeast. The 2000 census reported a resident population of 480 persons on the reservation. The tribe reports 1,100 enrolled members. The Tribe also has a casino named Naskila.

Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas
The Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas (Alabama: Albaamaha–Kosaatihaha, Coushatta: Albaamoha–Kowassaatiha) is a federally recognized tribe of Alabama and Koasati in Polk County, Texas, United States. These peoples are descended from members of the historic Muscogee or Creek Confederacy of numerous tribes in the Southeastern U.S., particularly Georgia and Alabama.

They are one of three federally recognized tribes in Texas. As of 2022, the tribe has over 1,200 citizens with 589 residing on the Texas reservation.
Central South African Railways
The Central South African Railways (CSAR) was from 1902 to 1910 the operator of public railways in the Transvaal Colony and Orange River Colony in what is now South Africa. During the Anglo-Boer War, as British forces moved into the territory of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, the Orange Free State Government Railways, the Netherlands-South African Railway Company and the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway were taken over by the Imperial Military Railways under Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Girouard.

After the war had ended, the Imperial Military Railways became the Central South African Railways in July 1902, with Thomas Rees Price as general manager. With the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the CSAR was merged with the Cape Government Railways and the Natal Government Railways to form the South African Railways, which is now Transnet Freight Rail.

Netherlands–South African Railway Company
The Netherlands–South African Railway Company (Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorwegmaatschappij; Nederlands-Suid-Afrikaanse Spoorwegmaatskappy) or NZASM (also sometimes called SASM in South Africa) was a railway company established in 1887. The company was based in Amsterdam and Pretoria, and operated in the South African Republic (ZAR) during the late 19th century. At the request of ZAR president Paul Kruger, the NZASM constructed a railway line between Pretoria and Lourenço Marques in Portuguese East Africa (now Maputo in Mozambique).
Mabbettsville, New York
Mabbettsville is a settlement in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Located 2 miles (3 km) east of Millbrook in the town of Washington on U.S. Route 44, it is approximately 85 miles (137 km) north of New York City.

The settlement forms one of the most concentrated residential areas of the town, and is the location of Town Park, a baseball field – one of the few recreational areas to the east of Washington. The settlement's main commerce is related to recreation, including dog kennels, antique shops, and a range of home and landscape occupations.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Saint George Parish, Dominica
Saint George is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by Saint Paul and part of the Boeri River (to the north), Saint David and Saint Patrick (to the east), Saint Luke (to the south).

The parish has an area of 56.1 km² (21.67 mi²), and has a population of 20,211.

Saint Paul Parish, Dominica
Saint Paul is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by St. Joseph to the north, St. David to the east, and St. George to the south. It has an area of 67.4 km2 (26.02 mi2), and a population of 8,397.

The largest settlements are Canefield (where the island's second airport is located) and Mahaut, which includes the port of Belfast. Another village in the parish, Massacre, is so-called because of the historic massacre of Dominica's indigenous people by European settlers. Cochrane, Springfield Estate and Pont Cassé (home of the island's central roundabout) are located in the interior.

The parish is also the site of a factory at Belfast Estate, where Dominica Coconut Products (renamed a few years ago to reflect its ownership under Colgate-Palmolive) operates.
Glabella
The glabella, in humans, is the area of skin between the eyebrows and above the nose. The term also refers to the underlying bone that is slightly depressed, and joins the two brow ridges. It is a cephalometric landmark that is just superior to the nasion.

Brow ridge
The brow ridge, or supraorbital ridge known as superciliary arch in medicine, is a bony ridge located above the eye sockets of all primates and some other animals. In humans, the eyebrows are located on their lower margin.
Initial Training Group
The Initial Training Group of the British Army is responsible for the content and delivery of non-infantry Phase 1 training. The group's headquarters are at Pirbright, Surrey, commanding 4 Army Training Regiments, 5 Army Training Units, the Army Foundation College in Harrogate, the Army School of Physical Training, and the ARITC Staff Leadership School. It is part of the Army Recruiting and Training Command, who are responsible for all recruiting and training prior to becoming a fully qualified soldier or officer.

The headquarters is commanded by a Brigadier, supported by a number of military and civilian staff.

Training of the Army Reserve (United Kingdom)
British Army Reserve Training Locations include four Army Training Unit (ATU) sites and two other locations where the Army Reserve Phase One Training courses are delivered.

Reserve recruits are first selected at an Army Assessment Centre, before progressing onto Phase One Basic Training.
American Chess Congress
The American Chess Congress was a series of chess tournaments held in the United States, a predecessor to the current U.S. Chess Championship. It had nine editions, the first played in October 1857 and the last in August 1923.

Willard Fiske
Daniel Willard Fiske (November 11, 1831 – September 17, 1904) was an American librarian and scholar, born on November 11, 1831, at Ellisburg, New York. He was awarded American Library Association Honorary Membership in 1895.
Headlamp
A headlamp is a lamp attached to the front of a vehicle to illuminate the road ahead. Headlamps are also often called headlights, but in the most precise usage, headlamp is the term for the device itself and headlight is the term for the beam of light produced and distributed by the device.

Headlamp performance has steadily improved throughout the automobile age, spurred by the great disparity between daytime and nighttime traffic fatalities: the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur in the dark, despite only 25% of traffic travelling during darkness.

Other vehicles, such as trains and aircraft, are required to have headlamps. Bicycle headlamps are often used on bicycles, and are required in some jurisdictions. They can be powered by a battery or a small generator like a bottle or hub dynamo.

Glare (vision)
Glare is difficulty of seeing in the presence of bright light such as direct or reflected sunlight or artificial light such as car headlamps at night. Because of this, some cars include mirrors with automatic anti-glare functions and in buildings, blinds or louvers are often used to protect occupants. Glare is caused by a significant ratio of luminance between the task (that which is being looked at) and the glare source. Factors such as the angle between the task and the glare source and eye adaptation have significant impacts on the experience of glare.
Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis
This is a timeline of events related to the Anglophone Crisis. This entry is divided into the following articles:

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2017)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2018)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2019)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2020)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2021)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2022)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2023)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2024)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2025)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2026)

Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2022)
This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon during 2022.

The Anglophone Crisis is an ongoing armed conflict in the Republic of Cameroon in Central Africa, where historically English-speaking Ambazonian separatists are seeking the independence of the former British trust territory of Southern Cameroons, which was unified with Cameroon since 1961.
Theater for the New City
40°43′43″N 73°59′05″W﻿ / ﻿40.7286°N 73.9848°W﻿ / 40.7286; -73.9848

Theater for the New City, founded in 1971 and known familiarly as TNC, is one of New York City's leading off-off-Broadway theaters, known for radical political plays and community commitment. Productions at TNC have won 43 Obie Awards and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. TNC currently exists as a 4-theater complex in a 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) space at 155 First Avenue, in the East Village of Manhattan.

Bread and Puppet Theater
The Bread and Puppet Theater (often known simply as Bread & Puppet) is a politically radical puppet theater, active since the 1960s, based in Glover, Vermont. The theater was co-founded by Elka and Peter Schumann. Schumann is the artistic director.

The name Bread & Puppet is derived from the theater's practice of sharing its own fresh bread, served for free with aïoli, with the audience of each performance to create community, and from its central principle art should be as basic as bread to life.

The Bread and Puppet Theater participates in parades including Independence Day celebrations, notably in Cabot, Vermont, with many effigies including a satirical Uncle Sam on stilts.
Eliya V
Mar Elīyā V (sometimes written Elia V) was the patriarch of the Church of the East from September 1502 until his death in 1504.

In April 1503 or 1504, in the monastery of Mar Yohannan the Egyptian near Gazarta, Eliya consecrated three monks from the monastery of Mar Awgin for service in India: the metropolitan bishop Yahballaha and two suffragan bishops, Denha and Yaʿqob. The patriarch sent with them Mar Thomas, who had previously gone to India in 1499. The bishops sent a detailed letter on the situation of the Church of the East in India, but it did not reach Eliya before his death.

Eliya was buried in the church of Mart Meskinta in Mosul.

Wilmhurst argues that, based on the brevity of Eliya's reign and the fact that he was not buried in Rabban Hormizd Monastery (as was the custom for Patriarchs at the time), the legitimacy of his patriarchy may not have been universally recognised by his contemporaries.

Patriarch of the Church of the East
The patriarch of the Church of the East (also known as patriarch of the East, patriarch of Babylon, the catholicos of the East (ancient Greek: καθολικός katholikós, all-encompassing [καθ- + ὅλου + -ικός]) or the grand metropolitan of the East) is the patriarch, or leader and head bishop (sometimes referred to as Catholicos or universal leader) of the Church of the East. The position dates to the early centuries of Christianity within the Sassanid Empire, and the Church has been known by a variety of names, including the Church of the East, Nestorian Church, the Persian Church, the Sassanid Church, or East Syrian.

Since 1552, rival patriarchal lines were established, traditionalist on one side and pro-Catholic on the other. In modern times, patriarchal succession is claimed from this office to the patriarchal offices of the successor churches: the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East.
24 Hours of Portimão
The 24 Hours of Portimão is both a sports car and touring car automobile endurance race held annually at the Algarve International Circuit. It was inaugurated in 2017. The race is currently part of 24H GT Series and Touring Car Endurance Series.

Algarve International Circuit
The Algarve International Circuit (Portuguese: Autódromo Internacional do Algarve), also known as the Portimão Circuit, is a 4.653 km (2.891 mi) race circuit located in Portimão, Algarve region, Portugal. The development includes a karting track, off-road track, technology park, five-star hotel, sports complex and apartments.

The circuit was designed by Ricardo Pina, Arquitectos. The construction was finished in October 2008 and the circuit was homologated by both the FIM on 11 October 2008 and the FIA two days later. The total cost was €195 million (approximately $250 million).
Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp
The Epistle of Ignatius to Polycarp (often abbreviated Ign. Poly.) is an epistle attributed to Ignatius of Antioch, a second-century bishop of Antioch, and addressed to Polycarp, the bishop of Smyrna. Its narrative frame tells that it was written during Ignatius' transport from Antioch to his execution in Rome.

Epistle
An epistle (/ɪˈpɪsəl/; from Ancient Greek  ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ) 'letter') is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The epistle genre of letter-writing was common in ancient Egypt as part of the scribal-school writing curriculum. The letters in the New Testament from Apostles to Christians are usually referred to as epistles. Those traditionally attributed to Paul are known as Pauline epistles and the others as catholic (i.e., "general") epistles.
Convicts on the West Coast of Tasmania
The West Coast of Tasmania has a significant convict heritage. The use of the west coast as an outpost to house convicts in isolated penal settlements occurred in the eras 1822–33, and 1846–47.

The main locations were Sarah Island (known by many in the late twentieth century as Settlement Island) and Grummet Island in Macquarie Harbour. The entrance to Macquarie Harbour was known as Hells Gates and the play on this name has travelled from its naming in the 1830s to Paul Collins's book published in 2002.

Convict parties used the land around the harbour as a work area as far as Gordon River. The prison's existence was for only 15 years, but its hold on the imagination has spawned a significant literature.

Richard Davey
Richard Innes Davey (4 November 1938 – 13 March 2013) was an Australian actor, director and writer. He was the founder of the Round Earth Company and advocate for the understanding of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station on Sarah Island on the West Coast of Tasmania.

Earlier he had been artistic director of The Hole in the Wall Theatre in Perth, Western Australia from 1969 -1971.
Wara Jarso
Wara Jarso (Oromo: Warra Jaarsoo) is a woreda in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the North Shewa Zone, Wara Jarso is bordered on the south by Kuyu, on the west by the Muger River which separates it from the [[West Shewa 
Zone]], on the north by the Abay River which separates it from the Amhara Region, on the northeast by the Jamma River which separates it from Dera, and on the east by Hidabu Abote. Towns in Wara Jarso include Filiklik, Gohatsion and Tullu Milki.

Wara Jarso is connected to Dejen in Amhara by the Abay Bridge, which also carries the Addis Ababa-Bahir Dar highway; before the bridge was erected, the Abay was crossed at the Shefartak ford (at 10° 5' N 38° 17' E).  A new bridge, the Hidasie Bridge, was dedicated 10 September 2008 at the presence of senior government officials and other guests. Funded by the Japanese government at a cost of 319.3 Birr, the Hidasie Bridge is 303 meters long and part of the new Addis Ababa-Dejen road.

Hidabu Abote
Hidabu Abote is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. Part of the Kaba Shewa Zone, Hidabu Abote is bordered on the south by Kuyu, on the west by Wara Jarso, on the north by the Jamma River which separates it from Dera, and on the east by Degem. The major town in Hidabu Abote is Ejere
Notable high points include Mount Ileu.
The Big Buy: Tom DeLay's Stolen Congress
The Big Buy: Tom DeLay's Stolen Congress is a 2006 documentary by Mark Birnbaum and Jim Schermbeck that follows the rise of Tom DeLay from a Texas businessman to the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives. The movie examines the controversial 2003 Texas redistricting engineered by DeLay and his organization Texans for a Republican Majority, and DeLay's ties to other Congressional figures and businesses.

The conservative National Review referred to the documentary as The Ronnie Earle Movie.

The filmmakers were interviewed on The Big Buy DVD; they noted that they had not been given access to secret testimony, evidence, or anything  that was not publicly accessible. Earle gave them "extraordinary access" to personal interviews but DeLay reportedly refused to meet with the filmmakers.

Texans for a Republican Majority
Texans for a Republican Majority or TRMPAC (pronounced "trimpac") was a general-purpose political action committee registered with the Texas Ethics Commission to influence the state's legislative races. Founded in 2001 by former Republican Texas U.S. Rep. and House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, TRMPAC led to the first Republican majority in the Texas House of Representatives since the  Reconstruction era, before folding due to legal challenges and the eventual political downfall of DeLay.