hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds   also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans. Most modern species in the order are highly adapted for an aquatic existence at the water surface. With the exception of screamers, males have penises, a trait that has been lost in the Neoaves, the clade consisting of all other modern birds except the galliformes and paleognaths. Due to their aquatic nature, most species are web-footed.

Whistling duck
The whistling ducks or tree ducks are a subfamily, Dendrocygninae, of the duck, goose and swan family of birds, Anatidae. In other taxonomic schemes, they are considered a separate family, Dendrocygnidae.  Some taxonomists list only  one genus, Dendrocygna, which contains eight living species, and one undescribed extinct species from Aitutaki of the Cook Islands, but other taxonomists also list the white-backed duck (Thalassornis leuconotus) under the subfamily.
Agnes of Meissen
Agnes of Meissen (born before 1264 – died after September 1332) was a noblewoman, the daughter of Albert II, Margrave of Meissen and his wife Margaret of Sicily.

Agnes was married with Henry I "the Marvelous" of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, in 1282. They had 16 children:

Elizabeth (born c. 1282), married Frederick, Count of Beichlingen

Otto (born c. 1283, died in or before 1309)

Albert (born c. 1284, died after 1341), joined the Teutonic Order

Adelaide (1285–1320), married King Henry I of Bohemia

Facie (daughter; born c. 1286, died before or in 1312)

Agnes, Abbess of Osterode

Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Frederick

Adelheid of Brunswick, married to Andronikos III Palaiologos

Conrad (c. 1294 – c. 1320)

Mechtild (c. 1295 – 14 March 1344), married John II of Werle

Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

William, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

Richardis, Abbess of Osterode

Margaret (born c. 1300, died in or after 1312)

John I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen

Albert II, Margrave of Meissen
Albert II, known as Albert the Degenerate (German: Albrecht der Entartete; c. 1240 – 20 November 1314), was Margrave of Meissen, Landgrave of Thuringia and Count Palatine of Saxony. He was a member of the House of Wettin.

He was the eldest son of Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, and his first wife, Constantia of Austria.
Summer of the Shark
The Summer of the Shark refers to the coverage of shark attacks by American news media in the summer of 2001. The sensationalist coverage of shark attacks began in early July following the Fourth of July weekend shark attack on 8-year-old Jessie Arbogast, and continued almost unabated—despite no evidence for an actual increase in attacks—until the September 11 terrorist attacks shifted the media's attention away from beaches. The Summer of the Shark has since been remembered as an example of tabloid television perpetuating a story with no real merit beyond its ability to draw ratings.

Tabloid television
Tabloid television, also known as teletabloid, is a form of tabloid journalism. Tabloid television news broadcasting usually incorporate flashy graphics and sensationalized stories. Often, there is a heavy emphasis on crime and celebrity news.
Intergenerationality
Intergenerationality is interaction between members of different generations.
Sociologists study many intergenerational issues, including equity, conflict, and mobility.

Public health researchers and toxicologists may study the intergenerational impact of toxicants of radioactive fallout from generation to generation.

Intergenerational shared site
An intergenerational shared site is a facility where children, youth and older adults participate in ongoing services and/or programming concurrently at the same site, and where participants interact during regularly scheduled planned intergenerational activities, as well as through informal encounters.

Benefits of shared sites include that they enhance quality of life for all participants, improve attitudes about different age groups, provide needed services to the community, increase cost savings and create opportunities to share resources, and attract additional funding sources and acts as positive public relations/marketing tools. Intergenerational shared sites serve and provide care to children, youth and older adults and also act as a mechanism to address of the social implications of an increasingly age-segregated society.
Poland Spring
Poland Spring is a brand of bottled water produced in Poland, Maine. It is named after the natural spring in the town of Poland, Maine from which it was originally drawn. It was a subsidiary of the private equity firm, BlueTriton Brands, formerly Nestlé Waters North America, and sold in the United States, prior to its 2024 sale. In 2024, BlueTriton merged with Primo Water, and relisted itself on the NYSE under the ticker symbol PRMB, on November 11. The spring was first exploited commercially in 1859 by Hiram W. Ricker, owner of a nearby inn. Contemporary demand is so great that the brand's water is derived from multiple sources in the state of Maine including Poland Spring and Garden Spring in Poland, Clear Spring in Hollis, Evergreen Spring in Fryeburg, Spruce Spring in Pierce Pond Township, White Cedar Spring in Dallas Plantation, Bradbury Spring in Kingfield, and Cold Springs in Denmark.

Poland Spring was the top-selling spring water brand in America in 2006.

Poland, Maine
Poland is a town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,906 at the 2020 census. Set among rolling hills and numerous lakes, the town is home to Range Ponds State Park, which includes hiking trails and a pristine freshwater beach. Poland is also a historic resort area. It is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan statistical area, which itself is part of the Greater Portland-Lewiston Combined Statistical Area.
Stephanie Syjuco
Stephanie Syjuco (born 1974, in Manila, Philippines), is a Filipino-born American conceptual artist and educator. She works in photography, sculpture, and installation art. Born in the Philippines, she moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1977. She lives in Oakland, California, and teaches art at the University of California, Berkeley.

Art21
Art21 is a US-based nonprofit organization founded in 1997 that produces documentary films about contemporary artists from across the globe. It produces three film series: "Art in the Twenty-First Century" on PBS, "New York Close Up", and "Extended Play". The main office is located in New York City. All Art21 films are available to stream for free online.

As stated in the company's website, the mission of Art21 is "to educate and expand access to contemporary art through the production of documentary films, resources, and public programs."
The Blue Djinn of Babylon
Children's literature portal

The Blue Djinn of Babylon is a novel by P. B. Kerr, which tells the second chapter of John and Philippa Gaunt and their adventures as djinn. It is the second book of the Children of the Lamp series. The book earned a place on the New York Times Best Seller list for children's books and received generally favourable reviews.

Children of the Lamp
Children of the Lamp is a series of contemporary children's fantasy novels written by British author P. B. Kerr. It tells the story of twins John and Philippa as they discover how to act in the world of djinn.
Tall Pines State Preserve
Tall Pines State Preserve is a 110-acre (45 ha) nature preserve in Gloucester County, New Jersey. The preserve opened in November 2015 as the first state park in Gloucester County. It is located on Bark Bridge Road in Deptford Township and the Sewell section of Mantua Township.

The project was a cooperative effort of the South Jersey Land and Water Trust, the Friends of Tall Pines, Gloucester County Nature Club, and the New Jersey Green Acres Program.

Sewell, New Jersey
Sewell (/ˈsuːl/ SOOL) is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community within Mantua Township, Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. There are also areas around Sewell in Washington Township.

As of the 2020 United States census, the CDP's population was 3,346. The CDP was named after United States Senator William Joyce Sewell. The community is served as U.S. Postal Service ZIP Code 08080. Sewell is home to Rowan College of South Jersey.

Sewell is also the site of the Inversand marl pit, the last operational greensand mine in the world. The location has become renowned for its paleontology and is similar to many of the sites studied by early paleontologists, particularly Edward Drinker Cope. It is also home to the Barnsboro Inn, the oldest bar in New Jersey.
Windsor Spitfires
The Windsor Spitfires are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). The team is based in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1971, the franchise was promoted to the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League for the 1975–76 season. An unrelated Windsor Spitfires team, founded in 1946, moved to become the Hamilton Tiger Cubs in 1953, and later became the Erie Otters in 1996.

Chatham Maroons
The Chatham Maroons are a junior ice hockey team based in Chatham, Ontario, Canada.  They play in the Western division of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League (GOJHL).  The Maroons were the 1970 Western Ontario Junior A Champions and 1973 Southern Ontario Junior A Champions.  The Maroons have won Twice won the Sutherland Cup as Ontario Hockey Association Junior B Champions in 1999 and 2025. In the 2021-2022 season, the Maroons won the GOJHL Western Conference Championship 4-2 over the Leamington Flyers. The Maroons dedicated their Championship in honour of their longtime equipment manager and team volunteer, Randy DeWael, who died suddenly during the playoffs.
Euskadiko Sozialisten Batasuna
The Euskadiko Sozialisten Batasuna (English: Basque Socialist Union, ESBA) was a clandestine political movement in the Southern Basque Country, Spain, formed in 1959, and active under Francoist Spain. It was the Basque sister organization of the Spanish Popular Liberation Front (FELIPE) and the Catalan Workers' Front of Catalonia (FOC).

Workers' Front of Catalonia
The Workers' Front of Catalonia (Catalan: Front Obrer de Catalunya, FOC) was a clandestine political movement in Catalonia, Spain, formed in 1961, and active during the Spanish State of caudillo Francisco Franco. It was the continuation of the Popular Democratic Association of Catalonia (Associació Democràtica Popular de Catalunya), one created by university students inspired by liberation theology and the Cuban revolution.

The party's abbreviation "FOC" corresponds to foc meaning "fire" in Catalan.
Gnathovorax
Gnathovorax is a genus of herrerasaurid saurischian dinosaur from the Santa Maria Formation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The type and only species is Gnathovorax cabreirai, described by Pacheco et al. in 2019. The type specimen comprises a mostly complete and well-preserved articulated skeleton (considered one of the best herrerasaurid skeletons ever discovered), which fossilized in close association with rhynchosaur and cynodont remains. The discovery of this superb specimen has shed light onto poorly understood aspects of herrerasaurid anatomy such as endocranial soft tissues.

Sauropodomorpha
Sauropodomorpha (/ˌsɔːrəˌpɒdəˈmɔːrfə/ SOR-ə-POD-ə-MOR-fə; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of saurischian dinosaurs that includes the long-necked, herbivorous sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Early, more basal sauropodomorphs (traditionally termed prosauropods) were bipedal, and the earliest show evidence of omnivorous or carnivorous diets. Over time, sauropodomorph evolution resulted in a shift to herbivorous diets, larger body sizes, and quadrupedal locomotion. The sauropods themselves generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The sauropods were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
Yerrinbool railway station
Yerrinbool railway station is located on the Main Southern line in New South Wales, Australia. It serves the town of Yerrinbool, opening on 13 July 1919 at the same time as a new alignment between Picton and Mittagong. In March 1991, the weatherboard building on Platform 1 was demolished.

Yerrinbool, New South Wales
Yerrinbool is one of the Northern Villages of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in the Wingecarribee Shire. Yerrinbool is accessible from the Hume Highway (via Bargo or Alpine) and is about a 12 km (7.5 mi) drive from nearby Mittagong. It is 7 km (4.3 mi) to Hill Top as the crow flies, accessible by foot via a fire trail. It is on the western edge of the Upper Nepean Nature Reserve, a vast area of forest, lakes and dams between Yerrinbool and the coastal communities around Wollongong (accessible by a circuitous 63 km (39 mi) by-road). Yerrinbool was previously officially known as the Town of Yerrinbool. It is located along the historic Old Hume Highway.
Jerry Flynn
William Brenneman (born November 21, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler and mixed martial artist, better known by his ring name Jerry Flynn. Flynn is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling between 1996 and 2000. He is also known for his appearances in Japan with puroresu promotions including Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi and New Japan Pro-Wrestling.

WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship
The WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship and the top title contested for in the Puerto Rican professional wrestling promotion, the World Wrestling Council. The championship was established in July 1982, as the WWC World Heavyweight Championship, when the company was named Capitol Sports Promotions.

The championship received its current name following a match between Carlos Colón (WWC World Heavyweight Champion) and Ric Flair (NWA World Heavyweight Champion)  where the "Champion of the Universe" was supposed to be determined. The first champion was Abdullah the Butcher, who was billed as champion upon the title's creation. Since being established, the WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship has been held by forty-nine different wrestlers and has also been held up on nineteen occasions and vacated or stripped thirteen times.
Karst Trail
The Karst Trail (German: Karstwanderweg) is a marked and signed footpath that runs for over 250 kilometres between Förste in Lower Saxony and Pölsfeld in Saxony-Anhalt through the karst landscape of the South Harz in Germany.

The path runs past a number of areas of natural beauty, including caves like the Heimkehle and the Barbarossa Cave, sinkholes like the Juessee and the Schwimmende Insel, depressions, moor landscapes like the Teufelsbäder, karst springs like the Rhumequelle and the Teufelsloch, disappearing streams and subterranean rivers like the Bauerngraben and gypsum rocks.

Bauerngraben (Harz)
The Bauerngraben, also called the Hungersee, is a lake in Germany between Breitungen, Agnesdorf and Roßla in the South Harz. It is an intermittent lake of about 350 metres (1,150 ft) in length and 100 metres (330 ft) in width, into which the Glasebach disappears. A feature of this lake is its sudden disappearance from time to time, when the outlet opens due to the removal of material. The lake can then become dry for a long period. The Bauerngraben ist part of the Gipskarstlandschaft Questenberg nature reserve.

The Karst Trail runs through the area. The Bauerngraben is a popular destination for day trippers and is easy to reach due to the nearby car park and easy footpaths. There is a checkpoint (no. 213) in the Harzer Wandernadel hiking system by the lake.
Last geometric statement of Jacobi
In differential geometry, the last geometric statement of Jacobi is a conjecture named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, which states:

Every caustic from any point  on an ellipsoid other than umbilical points has exactly four cusps.

Numerical experiments had indicated the statement is true before it was proven rigorously in 2004 by Itoh and Kiyohara. It has since been extended to a wider class of surfaces beyond the ellipsoid.

Caustic (mathematics)
In differential geometry, a caustic is the envelope of rays either reflected or refracted by a manifold. It is related to the concept of caustics in geometric optics. The ray's source may be a point (called the radiant) or parallel rays from a point at infinity, in which case a direction vector of the rays must be specified.

More generally, especially as applied to symplectic geometry and singularity theory, a  caustic is the critical value set of a Lagrangian mapping (π ○ i) : L ↪ M ↠ B; where i : L ↪ M is a Lagrangian immersion of a Lagrangian submanifold L into a symplectic manifold M, and π :  M ↠ B is a Lagrangian fibration of the symplectic manifold M. The caustic is a subset of the Lagrangian fibration's base space B.
Leader of the Opposition (Guyana)
Leader of the Opposition is a constitutionally sanctioned office in Guyana. The Leader of the Opposition is elected among non-governmental members of the National Assembly of Guyana. Usually the person comes from the largest opposition group in the National Assembly.

The position was first established in 1966 by the Constitution of Guyana. Historically the leader was appointed by Governor-General of Guyana.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
Jan Saenredam
Jan Pieterszoon Saenredam (c. 1565 – 6 April 1607) was a Dutch Northern Mannerist painter, printmaker in engraving, and cartographer, and father of the painter of church interiors, Pieter Jansz Saenredam. He is noted for the many allegorical images he created from classical mythology and the Bible.

Pieter Jansz. Saenredam
Pieter Jansz. Saenredam (9 June 1597 – buried 31 May 1665) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, known for his distinctive paintings of whitewashed church interiors such as Interior of St Bavo's Church in Haarlem (1636) and Interior of the Sint-Odulphuskerk in Assendelft.
Patrick's Parabox
Patrick's Parabox is a puzzle video game created by indie developer Patrick Traynor. Originating as a short demo built in 2020, the game was expanded and released on 29 March 2022 for PC, followed by a release on the Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 5 on 26 July 2023. The game centers around playing with infinity and recursion by pushing boxes into and out of other boxes, sometimes in and out of itself, in order to finish the level by putting boxes into their spaces.

Puzzle video game
Puzzle video games make up a broad genre of video games that emphasize puzzle solving. The types of puzzles can test problem-solving skills, including logic, pattern recognition, sequence solving, spatial recognition, and word completion. Many puzzle games involve a real-time element and require quick thinking, such as Tetris (1985) and Lemmings (1991).
Thelazioidea
Thelazioidea is a superfamily of spirurian nematodes in the large order Spirurida. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Among the families placed here, only the Rhabdochonidae are notably diverse. though none is considered to be monotypic Consequently, the Thelazioidea are among the mid-sized superfamilies of Spirurida.

The families of the Thelazioidea are:

Pneumospiruridae

Rhabdochonidae

Thelaziidae

Spirurida
Spirurida falls under the phylum Nematoda class Chromadorea and order Rhabditida. They are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical bodies and unsegmented structure. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system.

Some Spirurida, like the genus Gongylonema, can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection with Spirurida larvae, called "creeping disease". Some species are known as eyeworms and infect the orbital cavity of animal hosts.
Vince Megna
Vince Megna (born August 24, 1944, in Iron Mountain, Michigan) is a Wisconsin attorney best known for representing consumers in 'lemon law' suits against motor vehicle manufacturers.  Lemon laws are a type of consumer protection legislation that offers recourse to buyers of motor vehicles with recurring mechanical or other problems that are not resolved within a reasonable time by the dealer or manufacturer.

Boyce and Hart
Sidney Thomas Boyce (September 29, 1939 – November 23, 1994) and Robert Luke Harshman (February 18, 1939 – September 10, 2025), known professionally as Bobby Hart, were an American duo of singer-songwriters. In addition to three top-40 hits as artists, the duo is well known for its songwriting for the Monkees.
Rajyapala
Rajyapala (r. 925–962) was the eighth emperor of the Pala dynasty. He succeeded his father Narayanapala. He reigned for 32 years. The Bharat Kala Bhaban inscription is dated in his 2nd regnal year. He was succeeded by his son Gopala III.

Gopala III
Gopala III, previously known as Gopala II, was the successor to the Pala king Rajyapala in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, and ninth ruler of the Pala line. He was succeeded by Vigrahapala II.
Kathleen Mills
Kathleen "Kay" Mills-Hill (8 October 1923 – 11 August 1996) was an Irish sportsperson who played senior camogie with Dublin from 1941 until 1961. She is regarded as one of the greatest players of all-time, winning  15 All Ireland Senior Medals.

All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship is a competition for inter-county teams in the women's field sport of game of camogie played in Ireland. The series of games are organised by the Camogie Association and are played during the summer months with the All-Ireland Camogie Final being played in Croke Park, Dublin. The prize for the winning team is the O'Duffy Cup.

The men's equivalent tournament is the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship.
South Ostrobothnia
South Ostrobothnia (Finnish: Etelä-Pohjanmaa [ˈetelæˌpohjɑmˌmɑː]; Swedish: Södra Österbotten) is one of the 19 regions of Finland. It borders the regions of Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Central Finland, Pirkanmaa, and Satakunta. Among the Finnish regions, South Ostrobothnia is the ninth largest in terms of population. Seinäjoki is the regional centre and by far the largest city in the area.

As a cultural area, South Ostrobothnia is larger than its current regional borders and includes the region of Ostrobothnia as well.

Satakunta
Satakunta (in both Finnish and Swedish, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈs̠ɑt̪ɑˌkun̪t̪ɑ]; historically Satacundia or Satagundia) is a region (maakunta / landskap) of Finland, part of the former Western Finland Province. It borders the regions of Southwest Finland, Pirkanmaa, South Ostrobothnia and Ostrobothnia. The capital city of the region is Pori. The name of the region literally means hundred. The historical province of the same name was a larger area within Finland, covering modern Satakunta as well as much of Pirkanmaa.