hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carcharodini
The Carcharodini are a tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. They are a very diverse but quite plesiomorphic and inconspicuous group distributed throughout the tropics.

Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, they were included in the Pyrgini, which at that time contained a massive number of genera. But the Pyrginae have since been reorganized to make them and their tribes monophyletic, leading most modern authors to treat the Carcharodini as distinct tribe. However, the old circumscription of the Pyrgini was by and large just as correct from a phylogenetic perspective.

The tribe of the Pyrgini sensu lato most closely related to the Pyrgini sensu stricto are the strikingly different Achlyodidini. As many consider it desirable to treat this lineage as a distinct tribe, the Carcharodini naturally need to be considered distinct too.

Spread-winged skipper
Pyrginae, commonly known as spread-winged skippers, are a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family (Hesperiidae). The subfamily was established by Hermann Burmeister in 1878. Their delimitation and internal systematics has changed considerably in recent years with the most recent review being in 2019.

It still is the second-largest subfamily of skipper butterflies, although of its over 1,000 species a considerable number are no longer in that classification.
Frederick Ferris Thompson
Frederick Ferris Thompson (June 14, 1836 – April 10, 1899) was a prominent American banker and railroad president who co-founded the First National Bank and what is now Citibank. He was also an early amateur photographer and a noted philanthropist.

Sonnenberg Gardens
Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion State Historic Park is a 50-acre (20 ha) state park located at 151 Charlotte Street in Canandaigua, New York, at the north end of Canandaigua Lake, in the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York. The house and gardens are open to the public every day, May through October.
Khangkhui
Khangkhui is a Tangkhul Naga village in the North-eastern part of Ukhrul district of Manipur, India. The village  is about 16 kilometer from Ukhrul District headquarters. The village is flanked by Choithar in the west, Nungshong in the south, Pushing in the east and Langdang and Shirui in the north.

It is well known for its ancient limestone cave locally called Khangkhui Mangsor. This pre-historic cave is one of the tourist attractions of Ukhrul district. The excavation carried out by Shri O. Kumar Singh (Superintendent of the State Archaeology Department of Manipur) at the Khangkhui Cave yielded evidence of habitation of Stone Age communities

Choithar
Choithar (Rithar) is a village located east of Ukhrul in Ukhrul district, Manipur state, India. The village is 12 kilometers from Ukhrul. National Highway 150 Imphal-Kohima via Jessami partially connects the village. The village is about 6 kilometers from the National highway connected earlier by an old British road. There was a proposal to construct a new road under PMGSY for which there were reports of discrepancies on the part of the executing agencies. Choithar is flanked by Ukhrul in the west, Choithar in the north, Nungshong in the south and Khangkhui in the east.
Ceatalchioi
Ceatalchioi (Romanian pronunciation: [t͡ʃe̯atalˈkjoj]) is a commune in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Ceatalchioi (Turkish: Çatalköy), Pătlăgeanca (historical name: Principesa Ileana), Plauru (historical name: Lascăr Catargiu), and Sălceni.

Romania–Ukraine border
The Romania–Ukraine border  is the state border between Romania and Ukraine. It consists of both a land and a maritime boundary. The total border length is 613.8 km (381.4 mi) including 292.2 km (181.6 mi) by rivers and 33 km (21 mi) by the Black Sea. It is part of the external border of the European Union (since Romania's accession to the EU in January 2007).

The maritime delimitation between the two countries, including the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone was adjudicated at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2009.
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary is an estuarine mangrove habitat, which is declared as the bird sanctuary, and located on western tip of the Island of Chorão along the Mandovi River, Goa, in India. The sanctuary is named after Salim Ali, the eminent Indian ornithologist.

The sanctuary and island are accessed by a ferry service running between Ribander and Chorão. The sanctuary has a paved walk that runs between mangroves of Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia officinalis and other species.

Mandovi River
The Mandovi (IPA: Konkani pronunciation: [maːɳɖɔwĩː]) or Mahadayi (IPA: Kannada pronunciation: [məɦəd̪ɑːji]),  formerly known as the Rio de Goa, is a river described as the lifeline of the Indian state of Goa. The Mandovi and the Zuari are the two principal rivers in the state of Goa. The Mandovi joins the Zuari at a common creek at Cabo Aguada, forming the Mormugao harbour. Panaji, the state capital, and Old Goa, the former capital of Goa, are both situated on the left bank of the Mandovi.
Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspésie
Nouvelle Relation de la Gaspésie (English translation: New Relation of Gaspesia), with full title Nouvelle relation de la Gaspésie, qui contient les moeurs & la religion des sauvages Gaspesiens porte-croix, adorateurs du soleil, & d'autres peuples de l'Amérique septentrionale, dite le Canada (roughly translated: A New Account of Gaspé, which contains the customs and religion of the Gaspesian savages, bearers of the cross, worshippers of the sun, and of other peoples of northern America, called Canada), is a documentation of indigenous life in New France, published in Paris in 1691 by the Recollect missionary Chrestien Le Clercq (1641–c. 1700), demonstrating the ways of life of those indigenous communities that he resided with as a result of his missions.

Chrestien Le Clercq
Chrestien Le Clercq, O.M.R., (born 1641) was a Recollect Franciscan friar and missionary to the Mi'kmaq on the Gaspé peninsula of Canada in the mid-17th century. He was a chronicler of New France, who wrote two early histories, and translator of a Native American language of that region, adapting an apparently indigenous mnemonic glyph system into a writing system known as Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing.
David Moon (politician)
David Hyon Moon (born January 28, 1979) is an American activist, lawyer, and politician. He is currently a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 20 in Montgomery County, Maryland. Since 2023, he has served as the Majority Leader of the Maryland House of Delegates.

William C. Smith Jr.
William Colonel Smith Jr. (born February 6, 1982) is an American politician who is a member of the Maryland Senate representing District 20 since 2016. He previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2015 to 2016.
Cape Palliser Lighthouse
Cape Palliser Lighthouse is a lighthouse at Cape Palliser in the Wellington region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is owned and operated by Maritime New Zealand.

The light was built in 1897 and was originally fuelled by oil. In 1954 the oil lamp was replaced with an electric one powered by a local diesel generator. This was subsequently replaced by a connection to the mains grid in 1967, although a diesel generator is retained for emergency power. The light was fully automated in 1986 and is now managed from a control room in Wellington.

The base of the lighthouse is reached via a staircase with 258 steps, up a 58-metre-high cliff.  This staircase – built in 1912 – replaced a dangerous dirt track.

Cape Palliser lighthouse is one of three New Zealand lighthouses with a distinct striped paint scheme; the other two are Dog Island Lighthouse and Cape Campbell Lighthouse, which both have black and white stripes.

Dog Island Lighthouse
The Dog Island Lighthouse on Dog Island in Foveaux Strait is New Zealand's tallest lighthouse, and one of its oldest. It is notable for its masonry construction, and is a work example by an engineer who was prominent at the time. The lighthouse employed the first revolving beam in New Zealand, and the unique original light apparatus was in use for 60 years. Dog Island Lighthouse is one of the most distinct lighthouses in New Zealand, with only two others having stripes painted on them for better visibility at daytime. The lighthouse is registered by Heritage New Zealand as a Category I structure, and the adjacent lighthouse keepers cottage has a Category II registration. Originally operated by three lighthouse keepers, the structure has since 1989 been remote controlled from Maritime New Zealand's Wellington office, with Dog Island since having been uninhabited. Dog Island Lighthouse has twice featured on New Zealand stamps.
Dunlop, Australian Capital Territory
Dunlop is a suburb of the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Dunlop is at the far north-west edge of Canberra, near the border with the state of New South Wales. Approximately 11.6 kilometres (7.2 mi) north-west of the city, Dunlop is next to the suburbs of Fraser, Charnwood and Macgregor. At the edge and within Dunlop lies the Canberra Nature Park called Dunlop Grasslands Nature Reserve, West Belconnen Ponds, Jarramlee Pond and Fassifern Pond which are part of the Ginninderra Catchment.

Dunlop is named after Lieutenant Colonel Sir Ernest Edward "Weary" Dunlop, an Australian surgeon who was renowned for his leadership while being held prisoner of war by the Japanese during the Second World War. Streets in Dunlop are named after inventors, inventions and artists.

Macgregor, Australian Capital Territory
Macgregor (/məkˈɡrɛɡə/) is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. It was gazetted on 9 September 1971. It lies next to the suburbs of Dunlop, Latham and Holt on the western side of Belconnen, with Florey Drive the boundary to the east, Ginninderra Drive on the north, and Southern Cross Drive on the south.

The suburb of Macgregor is named after Sir William MacGregor, Governor of Queensland 1909–14 and first chancellor of the University of Queensland, 1911. Streets are named after members of the Australian medical professions.
Alsvåg
Alsvåg is a village in Øksnes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the western bank of the Gavlfjorden on the island of Langøya and about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the municipal centre of Myre. Alsvåg Church is located in this village.

The 0.34-square-kilometre (84-acre) village has a population (2023) of 301 and a population density of 885 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,290/sq mi).

Alsvåg Church
Alsvåg Church (Norwegian: Alsvåg kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Øksnes Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Alsvåg on the island of Langøya. It is one of the churches for the Øksnes parish which is part of the Vesterålen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1923 using plans drawn up by the architect R. Randulf. The church seats about 300 people.
Mark Twain Memorial Bridge
The Mark Twain Memorial Bridge is a bridge over the Mississippi River at Hannibal, Missouri, childhood home of Mark Twain, for whom the bridge is named. The bridge, north of the original bridge, was finished in 2000.  The bridge carries traffic for Interstate 72 and U.S. Highway 36. The state of Missouri has put up a stone picture of Twain on the Missouri side of the bridge.

The bridge opened to traffic on September 16, 2000. As part of the construction project, U.S. 36 was rerouted farther north, eliminating a dangerous sharp curve that had been on the Missouri approach. The cost of the bridge was $55 million.

Interstate 72
Interstate 72 (I-72) is an Interstate Highway in the Midwestern United States. Its western terminus is in Hannibal, Missouri, at an intersection with U.S. Route 61 (US 61); its eastern terminus is at University Avenue and Church Street in Champaign, Illinois. The route runs through the major cities of Decatur, Illinois, and Springfield, Illinois. In 2006, the Illinois General Assembly dedicated all of I-72 as Purple Heart Memorial Highway. The stretch between Springfield and Decatur is also called Penny Severns Memorial Expressway, and the section between mile 35 and the Mississippi River is known as the Free Frank McWorter Historic Highway.
Franak Viačorka
Francišak Valancinavič (Franak) Viačorka (Viacorka) (Belarusian: Франці́шак Валянці́навіч Вячо́рка, Russian: Франтишек Валентинович Вечёрко, Frantishek Valentinovich Vechyorko, born 26 March 1988) is a politician and journalist from Belarus, President of the Digital Communication Network and non-resident fellow at the Atlantic Council.

Currently, Viačorka functions as Senior Advisor to Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Belarusian politician. Franak is a visiting professor at the College of Europe

Belarusian Humanities Lyceum
The Yakub Kolas Belarusian Humanities Lyceum (Belarusian: Беларускі гуманітарны ліцэй імя Якуба Коласа, romanized: Byelaruski humanitarny litsey imya Yakuba Kolasa) is a private secondary school, formerly located at 21 Kiraw Street in Minsk, Belarus.
Bredikhin (crater)
Bredikhin is a lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies just to the west of the crater Mitra, and northeast of Raimond.

This is a worn crater formation with features that have been dusted by material from the ray system of Jackson, about three crater diameters to the northwest. The rim is overlaid by a small crater along the west-northwest, and by a formation of craterlets along the southwest. The most prominent feature within the interior is the crater which overlays much of the northwest floor, including the midpoint.

Bredikhin lies within the Dirichlet-Jackson Basin.

Mitra (crater)
Mitra is a lunar impact crater that is attached to the western outer rim of the larger crater Mach, on the far side of the Moon. Just to the west of Mitra is Bredikhin, and to the south-southeast lies Henyey. It is named after Sisir Kumar Mitra, who was an Indian physicist and Padma Bhushan award recipient known for his pioneering work in the field of ionosphere and radiophysics.

This is a heavily eroded formation with an outer rim that has been damaged by subsequent impacts. Attached to the exterior along the southeast is the satellite crater Mitra J. A number of smaller impacts lie along the rim edge, and very little of the original rim remains intact. Within the interior, a smaller crater occupies the southwestern part of the floor, and a small, cup-shaped crater lies across the northeast rim of this formation and very close to the midpoint of Mitra. The remaining floor is marked only by a few small and tiny craterlets.

Mitra lies within the Dirichlet–Jackson Basin.
National anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.

National anthem of South Africa
The national anthem of South Africa was adopted in 1997 and is a hybrid song combining extracts of the 19th century Xhosa hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" (English: "God Bless Africa", lit. '"Lord Bless Africa"') and the Afrikaans song that was used as the South African national anthem during the apartheid era, "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" (English: "The Voice of South Africa"), with new English lyrics.

The anthem is often referred to by its incipit of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", but this has never been its official title, which is simply "National Anthem of South Africa".

The committee responsible for this new composition included Anna Bender, Elize Botha, Richard Cock, Dolf Havemann (Secretary), Mzilikazi Khumalo (chairman), Masizi Kunene, John Lenake, Fatima Meer, Khabi Mngoma, Wally Serote, Johan de Villiers, and Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph.
Negevirus
Negevirus is a taxon of non segmented, positive sense single stranded RNA viruses that have been isolated from mosquitoes and phlebotomine sand flies in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe. With the electron microscope the viruses appear to be spherical particles 45 to 55 nanometers in diameter.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Hyde Road (speedway)
Hyde Road Stadium, in Manchester, England, often referred to as Belle Vue was the home of the Belle Vue Aces speedway team. The stadium's capacity was 40,000 and it was built in 1928 and used until demolished in 1987. It was claimed, incorrectly, to have been the first purpose-built speedway track in Britain.

Belle Vue Aces
The Belle Vue Aces are a British speedway club, based in Manchester. The club hold the record of having won the top tier League championship 14 times. They currently compete in the SGB Premiership, racing at The National Speedway Stadium, with home matches usually taking place on Monday evenings. They also run a second team in the National Development League, known as the Belle Vue Colts.
Skogerøya
Skogerøya (Norwegian) or Sállan (Northern Sami) is an uninhabited island in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 129-square-kilometre (50 sq mi) partially forested island lies south of Varangerfjorden, west of Bøkfjorden, north of Korsfjorden, and east of Kjøfjorden. The highest point on the island is the 445-metre (1,460 ft) tall Skogerøytoppen. The island lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the town of Kirkenes. It is used as a summer and autumn grazing area for reindeer.

Skogerøytoppen
Skogerøytoppen (Norwegian) or Ákkelgáisá (Northern Sami) is the highest mountain on the island of Skogerøya in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. At 445 metres (1,460 ft) tall, it is the fifth-highest point in the municipality. Skogerøytoppen lies on the northern part of the island, overlooking the large Varangerfjorden.
Quartermaster General of New Jersey
The following persons were appointed as Quartermaster General of the New Jersey National Guard. The position has no term-limit:

Stephen Hart Barlow (1895–?) 1934 to 1942.

C. Edward Murray ? to 1934

Richard Grant Augustus Donnelly (1834–1905) circa 1898.

James Jefferson Wilson (1775–1824) 1821 to 1824.

Garret Dorset Wall (1783–1850) 1815 to 1837(?).

Richard Grant Augustus Donnelly
Richard Grant Augustus Donnelly (March 4, 1841 – February 27, 1905) was an  American Democratic politician who served as Mayor of Trenton, New Jersey from 1884 to 1886. He also served as Quartermaster General of New Jersey circa 1903.

He served as Mayor of Trenton, New Jersey from 1884 to 1886. He was president of the Interstate Fair Association from 1895 to 1903. He was replaced by Frank Obadiah Briggs.
Duffws railway station (Festiniog Railway)
Duffws was the Festiniog Railway's (FR) second passenger station in Blaenau Ffestiniog, then in Merionethshire, now in Gwynedd, Wales. This station is not to be confused with the Festiniog and Blaenau Railway's (F&BR) Duffws (F&BR) station which stood some distance away on the opposite side of Church Street. During that station's life from 1868 to 1883 passengers travelling from (say) Festiniog on the F&BR to Tan-y-Bwlch on the Festiniog would walk between the two stations, much as passengers walk between the standard gauge and narrow gauge in modern-day Blaenau Ffestiniog.

Festiniog railway station
Festiniog railway station served the village of Llan Ffestiniog, Gwynedd, Wales. This station was one of many 19th century institutions in Wales to be given an anglicised name. Over the years, and especially since the Second World War, most have been rendered into Welsh or given both Welsh and English names, but Festiniog station closed before this happened. The village of Llan Ffestiniog – known locally simply as "Llan" – lies over 3 km south of the larger and more recent Blaenau Ffestiniog, and over three miles south by rail.
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGC), or melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are a type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye. The presence of an additional photoreceptor was first suspected in 1927 when mice lacking rod and cone cells still responded to changing light levels through pupil constriction; this suggested that rods and cones are not the only light-sensitive tissue. However, it was unclear whether this light sensitivity arose from an additional retinal photoreceptor or elsewhere in the body. Recent research has shown that these retinal ganglion cells, unlike other retinal ganglion cells, are intrinsically photosensitive due to the presence of melanopsin, a light-sensitive protein. Therefore, they constitute a third class of photoreceptors, in addition to rod and cone cells.

Pretectal area
In neuroanatomy, the pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system. Through reciprocal bilateral projections from the retina, it is involved primarily in mediating behavioral responses to acute changes in ambient light such as the pupillary light reflex, the optokinetic reflex, and temporary changes to the circadian rhythm. In addition to the pretectum's role in the visual system, the anterior pretectal nucleus has been found to mediate somatosensory and nociceptive information.
Llanishen High School
Llanishen High School (Welsh: Ysgol Uwchradd Llanisien) is an English-medium secondary school based in Llanishen, Cardiff, Wales. It has approximately 1700 students, making it the largest single-site secondary school in Cardiff. It also has a sixth form college for 16–18 year olds.

Llanishen
Llanishen (Welsh: Llanisien, llan church + Isien Saint Isan) is a district and community in the north of Cardiff, Wales. Its population as of the 2011 census was 17,417.

Llanishen is the home of the former HMRC tax offices, the tallest buildings in north Cardiff and a landmark for miles around. The office complex overlooks the Crystal and Fishguard estates, the Parc Tŷ Glas industrial estate, Llanishen village, leafy suburban roads and parks that constitute the district. Llanishen is also home to a leisure centre and the former 60-acre (24 ha) Llanishen Reservoir, which is connected to a green corridor which bisects the city.