hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shubnikov–de Haas effect
An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields, the Shubnikov–de Haas effect (SdH) is a macroscopic manifestation of the inherent quantum mechanical nature of matter. It is often used to determine the effective mass of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes), allowing investigators to distinguish among majority and minority carrier populations. 
The effect is named after Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Shubnikov.

Fermi surface
In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied  electron states from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic energy bands. The existence of a Fermi surface is a direct consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, which allows a maximum of one electron per quantum state. The study of the Fermi surfaces of materials is called fermiology.
Trams in Finland
Trams in Finland date from a horse-drawn Turku tramway network, which opened in 1890. Electric tramway traction started in Finland in 1900 with the introduction of electric trams in Helsinki, and the last horse-drawn trams were withdrawn from operation in 1917. Although there were three Finnish tramway networks between 1912 and World War II, by 1972 the number of networks had dwindled to just one, that of Helsinki, which remained Finland's only tramway network for almost 50 years. However, in August 2021, a light rail line was opened to the public in Tampere. There have also been proposals to set up tram or light rail networks in some other cities. As of 2021, the most concrete such plans are in Turku.

Trams in Helsinki
Trams in Helsinki form part of the public transport system organised by Helsinki Regional Transport Authority and operated by Metropolitan Area Transport Ltd (Finnish: Pääkaupunkiseudun Kaupunkiliikenne Oy, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionens Stadstrafik Ab) in Finland's capital city of Helsinki. The trams are the main means of transport in the city center, and 56.8 million trips were made on the system in 2019. In addition to the older tram network, there is a single light rail line that was opened in October 2023. Although technically compatible with the tram network, the light rail line is separate from the city center tram network.
Musgrave Park Hospital
Musgrave Park Hospital  is a specialist hospital in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It specialises in orthopaedics, rheumatology, sports medicine and rehabilitation of patients of all ages. These specialties are spread out across a large site in the leafy suburbs of South Belfast. The Hospital is named after the 48 acres (19 ha) of adjacent municipal parkland known as Musgrave Park, first opened to the public in 1920. The hospital is managed by the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust.

Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
The Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT) is a health organisation covering Belfast, Northern Ireland. The trust is one of five new trusts which were created on 1 April 2007 by the then Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS). The Belfast Trust employs 22,000 staff. It has responsibility for services to over 340,000 patients, provided at various hospitals including Belfast City Hospital, the Royal Victoria Hospital, the Mater Hospital and Musgrave Park Hospital.
Kvalvåg
Kvalvåg is a village in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village lies on the southeast side of the island of Frei, along the Freifjorden, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Kristiansund. The villages of Nedre Frei and Storbakken lie about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) to the southwest and the village of Rensvik lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the northwest.

The 0.21-square-kilometre (52-acre) village had a population (2012) of 240 and a population density of 1,143 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,960/sq mi). Since 2012, the population and area data for this village area has not been separately tracked by Statistics Norway.

Frei (island)
Frei is an island in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 63.1-square-kilometre (24.4 sq mi) island lies south of the town of Kristiansund in the Nordmøre region of the county.  The main villages on the island include Rensvik in the north, Kvalvåg in the east, and Nedre Frei in the south.
London Lions (basketball)
London Lions are a British professional basketball team based in Stratford, East London, England, and compete in the Super League Basketball (SLB).

The team was originally founded in 1977 as the Hemel Hempstead Lakers. Following an ownership take over by Vince Macaulay in 1993, the club subsequently relocated to Watford, and then Milton Keynes, where they were known as Milton Keynes Lions. It was in Milton Keynes that the team won its first silverware in 2008, the BBL Cup. The Lions relocated to London in 2012 and play its home games at the Copper Box Arena in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, as well as occasional EuroCup matches at Wembley Arena.

The Lions were purchased by 777 Partners in 2020, ending Macaulay's 27-year tenure.  After the threat of bankruptcy following their owners' collapse amid claims of financial fraud  at the end of the 2023–24 season, the club was rescued for the 2024–25 season under the ownership of Tesonet, minority shareholders of BC Žalgiris.

BBL Championship
The British Basketball League Championship, often shortened to the BBL Championship, was the top-level men's professional basketball league in the United Kingdom from 1987 until 2024. The competition was administered by the British Basketball League and comprised 10 teams from both England and Scotland. Each team played a 36-game regular season, from September until April, with the team that finished in first place being crowned as League champions.

Following the end of the regular season, the top eight-placed teams used to advance to the postseason Playoffs tournament to decide the winner of the BBL Playoffs.

The BBL used a franchise system, with no promotion or relegation from other leagues, although several clubs have been elected from the English National Basketball League in recent years.
Ted Poston
Theodore Roosevelt Augustus Major Poston (July 4, 1906 – January 11, 1974) was an American journalist and author. He was among the first African-American journalists to work on a mainstream white-owned newspaper, the New York Post. Poston is often referred to as the "Dean of Black Journalists".

National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
The National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame is a hall of fame project of the National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) honoring African-American and other journalists. The original Hall of Fame list was established on April 5, 1990, with the induction of seven individuals. No further individuals were inducted until the Hall of Fame was revived by the NABJ in 2004. Since 2004, several individuals have been inducted to the Hall of Fame each year. Nominations are approved by the NABJ Board of Directors, and new inductees are installed annually at the NABJ Hall of Fame Banquet and Inductions. Thirty-nine individuals are currently inductees in the Hall of Fame.
St Cuthbert's Society Boat Club
St Cuthbert's Society Boat Club (SCSBC) is the rowing club of St Cuthbert's Society at Durham University.

SCSBC is a registered Boat Club through British Rowing, with Boat Code "SCB" and is a member organisation of Durham College Rowing.

SCSBC was founded in the summer of 1893 with the aim of representing St Cuthbert's Society at collegiate level, alongside clubs from University College, Hatfield College and Durham University.

St Cuthbert's Society, Durham
St Cuthbert's Society, colloquially known as Cuth's, is a college of Durham University. It was founded in 1888 for students who were not attached to the existing colleges. St Cuthbert's Society is a Bailey college, based on Durham's peninsula next to the River Wear, although it also has other accommodation a few minutes' walk away in Old Elvet.

St Cuthbert's retains its title of 'society', although its workings have changed since its formation.  Its foundation differed from that of Durham's other colleges in that it was established as a common room for, and by, its students. Other Societies followed: St Aidan's Society – now St Aidan's College, and the Graduate Society – now Ustinov College. It is still home to the highest proportion of local students (very few of whom live in) and traditionally houses a high proportion of mature students.
It is the only collegiate body to offer undergraduates catered, self-catered, and part catered accommodation.
Lal Qilla Tehsil
Lal Qilla is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The other tehsils of the district include:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Khall Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852, according to the 1998 census. The projected population of Lower Dir was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the growth between the 1981 and 1998 census at 3.42% per annum.

Khall Tehsil
Khall is an administrative subdivision (Tehsil) of Lower Dir District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is named after Khal (Bindi), a decorative dot worn by women on the centre of the forehead, as it is located in the centre of Dir. The other tehsils of the district include:

Adenzai Tehsil

Balambat Tehsil

Lal Qilla Tehsil

Munda Tehsil

Samar Bagh Tehsil

Timergara Tehsil

Lower Dir District Tehsils have 37 Union Councils. The population is 797,852, according to the 1998 census. The projected population of Dir Lower was 1,037,091 in 2005 with the same growth between the 1981 and 1998 census i.e. 3.42% per annum.
Tianyuan man
Tianyuan man (simplified Chinese: 田园洞人; traditional Chinese: 田園洞人; pinyin: Tiányuándòng Rén) is the remains of one of the earliest modern humans to inhabit East Asia. In 2007, researchers found 34 bone fragments belonging to a single individual at the Tianyuan Cave near Beijing, China. Radiocarbon dating shows the bones to be between 42,000 and 39,000 years old, which may be slightly younger than the only other finds of bones of a similar age at the Niah Caves in Sarawak on the South-east Asian island of Borneo.

Tianyuan man is one of the oldest known members of the East Eurasian lineage that gave rise to (among others) modern East and Southeast Asians, Siberians and Native Americans.

Hoabinhian
The Hoabinhian is a lithic techno-complex of archaeological sites associated with assemblages in Southeast Asia from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene, dated to c. 10,000–2000 BCE. It is attributed to hunter-gatherer societies of the region whose technological variability over time is poorly understood. In 2016, a rock shelter was identified in Yunnan, China, 40 km from the border with Myanmar, where artifacts belonging to the Hoabinhian technocomplex were recognized, dating from 41,500 BCE.

The Bacsonian is often regarded as a variation of the Hoabinhian industry, characterized by a higher frequency of edge-grounded cobble artifacts compared to earlier Hoabinhian artifacts, dated to c. 8000–4000 BCE.
Marble Schoolhouse
The Marble Schoolhouse is a Greek Revival style schoolhouse in Eastchester, New York that was built in 1835. The stone of its facade was quarried in nearby Tuckahoe, New York.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

The building was moved to its current location in 1869.

The schoolhouse features exhibits of local history and is open by appointment with the Eastchester Historical Society.

Eastchester, New York
Eastchester is a town in southern Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was over 34,641 at the 2020 United States census over 32,363 at the 2010 census. There are two villages within the town: Bronxville and Tuckahoe. The town contains a census-designated place also named Eastchester, which is the whole town of Eastchester excluding Bronxville and Tuckahoe.
HockeyAllsvenskan
HockeyAllsvenskan (previously Allsvenskan and SuperAllsvenskan) is a professional ice hockey league, and the second-highest league in the Swedish ice hockey system, after the SHL. Since the 2009–10 season, the league has consisted of fourteen teams.

Örebro HK
Örebro Hockeyklubb, commonly referred to as Örebro HK or Örebro Hockey, (formerly HC Örebro 90) is a Swedish professional ice hockey club located in Örebro. The team is currently playing in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL; formerly Elitserien), the top tier of Swedish ice hockey, since the 2013–14 season. The team's home arena is Behrn Arena, which seats 5,500 spectators.
Bill Chipman Palouse Trail
The Bill Chipman Palouse Trail is a paved rail trail in the northwestern United States, from Pullman, Washington, eastward to Moscow, Idaho. Completed 27 years ago in 1998, it follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way and connects the rural university towns on the Palouse across the state border.

Pullman, Washington
Pullman is the most populous city in Whitman County, located in southeastern Washington within the Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest. The population was 32,901 at the 2020 census, and estimated to be 33,543 in 2024. Originally founded as Three Forks, the city was renamed after industrialist George Pullman in 1881.

Pullman is noted as a fertile agricultural area known for its many miles of rolling hills and the production of wheat and legumes. It is home to Washington State University, a public research land-grant university, and the international headquarters of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Pullman is eight miles (13 km) from Moscow, Idaho, home to the University of Idaho, and is served by the Pullman–Moscow Regional Airport.
Merag
Merag is a village in Croatia, located on the east coast of Cres. It is connected by ferry to Valbiska on Krk and is accessed via the D101 road which is connected to the D100 road, the main road on the island of Cres. The village has a population of 10.

Pinezići
Pinezići is a village on the island of Krk, Croatia. It is situated in the western part of the island, 9km from the city of Krk. Nearby Pinezići is Valbiska, a ferry port that operates ferries to Lopar on Rab and Merag on Cres.
Landing ship, infantry
A infantry landing ship (naval designation LSI for landing ship, infantry) was one of a number of types of British Commonwealth vessels used to transport landing craft and troops engaged in amphibious warfare during the Second World War. LSIs were operated by the Royal Navy, British Merchant Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Indian Navy, and Royal Australian Navy. They transported British Commonwealth and other Allied troops in sea assaults and invasions throughout the war.

Typically, an LSI would transport its cargo of infantry from its embarkation port to close to the coast to be invaded. This location (the "lowering position" in Royal Navy terminology) was approximately 6–11 miles off shore.  The troops would then transfer to landing craft, most commonly LCAs, for the journey to the beach. The landing craft would return to the LSI after disembarking their cargo and be hoisted up to embark additional troops.

HMS Glengyle
HMS Glengyle was a 9,919 GRT cargo ship that served in the Second World War as an infantry landing ship (large) of the Royal Navy. She carried Commonwealth and other Allied troops in amphibious operations. Glengyle was able to make good speed on long ocean voyages to operational areas and then with its landing craft, transport assault infantry, vehicles and stores to defended shores.
2011 Netball Superleague season
The 2011 Netball Superleague season (known for sponsorship reasons as the FIAT Netball Superleague) was the sixth season of the Netball Superleague. The league was won by Hertfordshire Mavericks. In the grand final Hertfordshire Mavericks defeated Surrey Storm. For the first time, the season was completed in a single calendar year, starting on 22 January and concluding on 9 June with the grand final. Fiat Group Automobiles became the Netball Superleague's new sponsor.

Surrey Storm
Surrey Storm was an English netball team based at the University of Surrey. Their senior team played in the Netball Super League between 2005 and 2024. Between 2001 and 2005 they played in the Super Cup as London Hurricanes. After forming a partnership with Brunel University London, they became the Brunel Hurricanes. In 2005–06 they were founder members of the new Netball Super League. Before the 2009–10 Netball Super League season, they relocated to the University of Surrey and became Surrey Storm. They were Super League champions in 2015 and 2016. In 2023, England Netball announced plans to relaunch the Netball Super League in 2025, with an aim to professionalise the league. During the tender process, the new operating standards for clubs made it unfeasible for Surrey Storm to participate in the league and the franchise disbanded after the 2024 season.
ISO 639:a
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with A.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.

ISO 639:q
This is a list of ISO 639-3 language codes starting with Q.

Index |
a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
g |
h |
i |
j |
k |
l |
m |
n |
o |
p |
q |
r |
s |
t |
u |
v |
w |
x |
y |
z

Abbreviations are used in the table as follows:

Scope: I = individual language, M = macrolanguage, S = special code

Type: C = constructed, E = extinct (in recent times), H = historical (distinct from its modern form), L = living, S = special code

Deprecated codes are enclosed in (parentheses).

The column Family contains the generic English name of the language's family or macrolanguage.
Darren Holden (musician)
Darren Richard Holden (born 4 July 1972) is an Irish singer-songwriter who has performed on Broadway as part of Riverdance and Movin' Out and in the national tours for both shows. His debut solo album was released in Ireland in 1998. He later joined the Irish folk group, the High Kings, along with Finbarr Clancy and Brian Dunphy.

Brian Dunphy
Brian Dunphy (born 17 June 1974, Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish folk singer and son of the showband singer Sean Dunphy, who represented Ireland at the Eurovision Song Contest in 1967. As a performer and member of the Irish folk band The High Kings, Brian Dunphy has toured the United States, Ireland and the United Kingdom. He got his start as the lead singer in Riverdance: The Show, which ran on Broadway in New York City. He also joined the Three Irish Tenors, who toured throughout the United States, and was also part of the band Druid. He released a solo album entitled Timeless in 2005. Dunphy later became a member of the four-person Irish folk band The High Kings (2008–present), along with Finbarr Clancy, Darren Holden and Martin Furey. The High Kings have released six albums and toured in the United States, Europe and Australia. Dunphy typically plays the bodhrán and the guitar in the group.
Folding table
A folding table is a type of folding furniture, a table with legs that fold up against the table top. This is intended to make storage more convenient and to make the table more portable. Many folding tables are made of lightweight materials to further increase portability.

Drop-leaf table
A drop-leaf table is a table that has a fixed section in the center and a hinged section (leaf) on either side that can be folded down (dropped).  If the leaf is supported by a bracket when folded up, the table is simply a drop-leaf table; if the leaf is supported by legs that swing out from the center, it is known as a gateleg table. Depending on the style of drop-leaf or gateleg tables, the leaves vary from coming almost down to the floor to only coming down slightly.

The usual purpose of a drop-leaf table is to save space when the table is not in use. Typical examples of drop-leaf tables are: dining tables, night stands, side tables, coffee tables, and desks.
Drop-leaf tables were found mostly in England where they date back to the late sixteenth century; Elizabethan era and Jacobean era examples are still extant.
Mohammad Taha (Hamas)
Mohammad Taha  (Arabic: محمد طه; 1937 – November 2014) was a Palestinian militant who was a co-founding member of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas), who was arrested by the IDF in 2003. On May 5, 2004, after being held 14 months without trial, Taha was released back to Gaza. His son, Ayman Taha, was a spokesman and former fighter for Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Taha died in November 2014, after being hospitalised with a heart complaint.

Ayman Taha
Ayman Taha (Arabic: أيمن طه) (died 7 August 2014) was a senior Hamas official and the organization's spokesman in the Gaza Strip. Taha was the son of a co-founder of Hamas and The New York Times claimed he was also a former "Hamas fighter".
European Scout Region (World Organization of the Scout Movement)
The European Scout Region is one of five geographical subdivisions of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with a satellite office in Brussels, Belgium.

It is a vital part of the global Scouting community, plays a pivotal role in shaping the future leaders of Europe. It is a vibrant network of 47 National Scout Organizations, fostering a spirit of unity and camaraderie among young people across geographical and cultural boundaries. The region is not confined to Europe alone; it extends its reach to countries like Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel, reflecting the inclusive and diverse nature of Scouting. Through its various initiatives and programs, the European Scout Region is committed to promoting personal development, mutual understanding, and a sense of European citizenship among its members.

Europe Region (World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts)
The WAGGGS Europe Region is the regional office of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, which supports Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting in Europe, including the former Soviet Republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as Cyprus  and Israel.
Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Hakim (29 April 1553 – 10 October 1585), sometimes known simply as Mirza Hakim, was the third son of the Mughal emperor Humayun. He ruled Kabul in Afghanistan, and often conflicted with his elder brother, Emperor Akbar, who he later on mended ways with. He was the son of Mah Chuchak Begum. Mirza Hakim was the ruler of Kabul, and was practically independent, although supposed to owe fealty to the Mughal emperor.

Mah Chuchak Begum
Mah Chuchak Begum (Pashto: ماه چوچک بېګم, meaning moon flower; died 28 March 1564) was a wife of the second Mughal emperor Humayun. She was an ambitious lady who threw out the Naib Subadar and ruled Kabul on her own, once leading her army in person and defeating at Jalalabad the Mughal general Munim Khan whom the Emperor Akbar had dispatched over Mah Chuchak's perceived transgression.