hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Collalto Sabino
Collalto Sabino (Sabino: Collartu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region of Latium, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Rome and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Rieti. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Collalto Sabino borders the following municipalities: Carsoli, Collegiove, Marcetelli, Nespolo, Pescorocchiano, Turania. It is located near the Lake Turano. It is home to a baronial Castle, which was owned by the Savelli, Strozzi, Soderini and, from 1641, by the Barberini families. The town is surrounded by a 15th-century line of walls.

Among the sites to the town are Palazzo Latini and the small church of Madonna della Speranza.

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Follow through and overlapping action
Follow through and overlapping action is a general heading for two closely related animation techniques which form part of the 12 basic principles of animation identified by Disney animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their authoritative 1981 book on Disney animation, The Illusion of Life. The term drag is sometimes included to form three separate but related concepts in the art of animation.

Twelve basic principles of animation
Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation.[a] The principles are based on the work of Disney animators from the 1930s onwards, in their quest to produce more realistic animation. The main purpose of these principles was to produce an illusion that cartoon characters adhered to the basic laws of physics, but they also dealt with more abstract issues, such as emotional timing and character appeal.

The book has been referred to by some as the "Bible of animation", and some of its principles have been adopted by traditional studios. In 1999, The Illusion of Life was voted the "best animation book[...] of all time" in an online poll done by Animation World Network. While originally intended to apply to traditional, hand-drawn animation, the principles still have great relevance for today's more prevalent computer animation.
Dizzy Reece
Alphonso Son "Dizzy" Reece (born 5 January 1931) is a Jamaican-born jazz trumpeter. Reece emerged within  London's burgeoning bebop jazz scene during the 1950s and went on to become a leading proponent of hard bop jazz in New York City.

He later experimented with other jazz sub-genres in the late 1960s and 1970s, and continues to remain active in performance and composition. Reece's contribution to the jazz idiom is considered influential and he is often identified as one of jazz's great trumpet players.

Clifford Jordan
Clifford Laconia Jordan (September 2, 1931 – March 27, 1993) was an American jazz tenor saxophone player and composer. Originally from Chicago, Jordan later moved to New York City, where he recorded extensively in addition to touring across both Europe and Africa. He recorded and performed with Art Farmer, Horace Silver, Max Roach, J.J. Johnson, and Kenny Dorham, among others. In later years, performed with Cedar Walton's quartet Eastern Rebellion, and led his own groups, including a big band.
Charles Boyer
Charles Boyer (French: [ʃaʁl bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976. After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s. His memorable performances were among the era's most highly praised, in romantic dramas such as The Garden of Allah (1936), Algiers (1938), and Love Affair (1939), as well as the mystery-thriller Gaslight (1944). He received four Oscar nominations for Best Actor. He also appeared as himself on the CBS sitcom I Love Lucy.

Man and Superman
Man and Superman is a four-act drama written by Bernard Shaw in 1903 and premiered at the Court Theatre in London on 21 May 1905. The first production – like most subsequent ones – omitted a dream sequence, Don Juan in Hell, from the third act. That episode was first given at the Court in 1907. The play humorously illustrates the theories of the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche that humanity will evolve to superman status and that it is women, rather than men, who drive the process.

The play was staged with success on Broadway within months of the West End premiere and has been revived many times in Britain, North America and elsewhere. It has also been adapted for radio and television.
Gregory of Narek
Grigor Narekatsi (Armenian: Գրիգոր Նարեկացի; anglicized as Gregory of Narek; c. 950 – 1003/1011) was an Armenian mystical and lyrical poet, monk, and theologian. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic and Catholic Churches and was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Francis in 2015.

The son of a bishop, Gregory was educated, ordained, and later stationed at Narekavank on the southern shores of Lake Van (modern Turkey). Scholars consider Gregory the most beloved and significant theological and literary figure of the Armenian religious tradition.

He is best known for his Book of Lamentations, a significant piece of mystical literature which serves as a confessional prayer book in many Armenian religious households. His works have inspired many Armenian literary figures and influenced Armenian literature throughout the ages.

Tondrakians
The Tondrakians (Old Armenian: թոնդրակեցիք, romanized: tʻondraketsʻikʻ) were members of an anti-feudal Christian sect that flourished in medieval Armenia between the early 9th and the 11th century, centered on the district of Tondrak north of Lake Van.
The Denes
The Denes is a centrally located area of Darlington in the borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It consists mainly of semi-detached and 1900s terraced housing, surrounding valley areas of wooded public park and Cocker beck.

The area runs parallel to and between Woodland Road to the south and Brinkburn Road to the north from Cockerton to High Northgate. At the easterly end the southerly border is often judged around Corporation Road, by local estate agent descriptions. The area is close to Faverdale and Mowden.

Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, County Durham, England. It lies on the River Skerne, 13 miles (21 km) west of Middlesbrough and 17 miles (27 km) south of Durham. Darlington had a population of 107,800 at the 2021 Census, making it a "large town" and one of the largest settlements in North East England. The town is linked to London, Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh by the East Coast Main Line railway and the A1 road.
USS LST-288
USS Berkshire County (LST-288) was an LST-1-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Berkshire County, Massachusetts, she was the only U.S. naval vessel to bear the name.

LST-288 was laid down on 6 September 1943 at Ambridge, Pennsylvania by the American Bridge Company; launched on 7 November 1943; sponsored by Miss Virginia M. Plofchan; placed in reduced commission on 4 December 1943; ferried down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans, Louisiana; and placed in full commission at New Orleans on 20 December 1943.

Berkshire County, Massachusetts
Berkshire County (pronounced /ˈbɜːrkʃər/) is the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,026. Its largest city and traditional county seat is Pittsfield. The county was founded in 1761. The Berkshire Hills are centered on Berkshire County. Residents are known as Berkshirites. It exists today only as a historical geographic region, and has no county government, with the exception of the retirement board for former county workers, and the offices of the sheriff and the registrar of deeds.
Cornbread
Cornbread is a quick bread made with cornmeal, associated with the cuisine of the Southern United States, with origins in Native American cuisine. It is an example of batter bread. Dumplings and pancakes made with finely ground cornmeal are staple foods of the Hopi people in Arizona. The Hidatsa people of the Upper Midwest call baked cornbread naktsi, while the Choctaw people of the Southeast call it bvnaha. The Cherokee and Seneca tribes enrich the basic batter, adding chestnuts, sunflower seeds, apples, or berries, and sometimes combine it with beans or potatoes. Modern versions of cornbread are usually leavened by baking powder.

Batter bread
Batter bread is bread made with a substantial liquid-to-flour ratio, so that the dough is a batter.  It is known for its ease of preparation.

Batter bread is a staple food of the American South.  Batter bread can be made with wheat flour, cornmeal, or corn flour, or both.  A recipe for batter bread appears in The Virginia Housewife by Mary Randolph. Sally Lunn, Johnny cake, corn pone, and pancakes are well-known batter breads.
Lucius Volusius Saturninus (consul 87)
Lucius Volusius Saturninus was a Roman Senator who lived in the 1st century. He served as an ordinary consul in 87, as the colleague of the emperor Domitian. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

Saturninus was of patrician status, one of three known children of Quintus Volusius Saturninus and his wife Nonia Torquata; the others included Quintus Volusius Saturninus, consul of 92, and Volusia Torquata. According to inscriptional evidence, his wife was a patrician named Licinia Cornelia. Licinia and Saturninus had a son called Lucius Volusius Torquatus, father of Lucius Volusius Saturninus.

Quintus Volusius Saturninus (consul 92)
Quintus Volusius Saturninus was a Roman Senator who lived in the Roman Empire in the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century. He was ordinary consul for the year 92 as the colleague of the Emperor Domitian, consul for the sixteenth time. He is primarily known through inscriptions.

Saturninus was one of three known children of Quintus Volusius Saturninus, consul in 56, and his wife Torquata; the others included Lucius Volusius Saturninus, consul of 87, and Volusia Torquata. Although the name of his wife has not been identified from any surviving inscription, Saturninus has been identified as the father of Volusia Cornelia.
7-O-Methylluteone
7-O-Methylluteone is a prenylated isoflavone. It can be found in the bark of Erythrina burttii.

The enzyme monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase uses 7-O-methylluteone, NADPH, H+ and O2 to produce a dihydrofurano pyranoisoflavone derivative, NADP+ and H2O.

Prenylflavonoid
Prenylated flavonoids or prenylflavonoids are a sub-class of flavonoids. They are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Some are known to have phytoestrogenic or antioxidant properties. They are given in the list of adaptogens in herbalism. Chemically they have a prenyl group attached to their flavonoid backbone. It is usually assumed that the addition of hydrophobic prenyl groups facilitate attachment to cell membranes. Prenylation may increase the potential activity of its original flavonoid.

Monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase is a key enzyme in fungal Botrytis cinerea metabolism of prenylated flavonoids.

Many prenylflavonoids appear to have anticancer activity in vitro.

Prenylchalcones, prenylflavones, prenylflavonols and prenylflavanones are classes of prenylflavonoids.
Limingen
Limingen (Norwegian)

The lake level is regulated by dams. The Røyrvikelva river flows into the north end of Limingen from the lake Vektaren, through a dam. The water flows out through a tunnel to Røyrvikfoss Power Station, at the village of Røyrvik. At the south end, near the village of Limingen in Lierne Municipality, the water flows out of the tunnel to the Tunnsjøen via the Tunnsjø Power Station, as well as to Linvasselv Power Station on the Swedish side. The water level varies by up to about 10 metres (33 ft) in level.

Lierne Municipality
Lierne is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region, and it is the largest municipality by area in Trøndelag. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Sandvika. Other villages include Inderdal, Mebygda, and Tunnsjø senter. The municipality borders Sweden to the south and east. Most of Lierne Municipality lies on the Swedish side of the drainage divide between Norway and Sweden.

The 2,962-square-kilometre (1,144 sq mi) municipality is the 16th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lierne Municipality is the 314th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,301. The municipality's population density is 0.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.0/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.1% over the previous 10-year period.
Zona de Protección Forestal en los terrenos que se encuentran en los municipios de La Concordia, Angel Albino Corzo, Villa Flores y Jiquipilas
The Zona de Protección Forestal en los terrenos que se encuentran en los municipios de La Concordia, Angel Albino Corzo, Villa Flores y Jiquipilas is a natural resources protection area in southern Mexico. It was established in 2009.

It has an area of 1775.46 km2, and covers a portion of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southern Chiapas. The area protects the northern slopes of the range, in the watershed of the Grijalva River and its tributaries. It adjoins La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve to the west and El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve to the west, creating a protected corridor which covers much of the Mexican portion of the sierra.

Natural resources protection areas of Mexico
Mexico's Natural resources protection areas (or Áreas de Protección de Recursos Naturales in Spanish) are nine federally-recognized protected areas in Mexico that are administrated by the federal National Commission of Protected Natural Areas (Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, or CONANP).

They are critical natural resources that are preserved and protected, such as water sources and important forest areas.
House of Kovalev
The House of Kovalev is a registered cultural heritage building located in Azov, Russia. The building stands at 23 Moskovskaya Street. The building is listed in the State Code of Particularly Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

Azov
Azov (Russian: Азов, IPA: [ɐˈzof] ⓘ), previously known as Azak (Turki/Kypchak: ازاق‎),
is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is 81,924 in the 2021 census, 82,937 in the 2010 census, 82,090 in the 2002 census, and 80,297 in the 1989 Soviet census.
Matsura Takanobu (1592–1637)
Matsura Takanobu (松浦 隆信; January 13, 1592 – July 16, 1637) was the 3rd daimyō of Hirado Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan. He was also the 28th hereditary head of the Matsura clan.

Takanobu was the eldest son of Matsura Hisanobu, 2nd daimyo of the domain, and Sono. When his father died suddenly at the age of 32, he became lord of the domain at the age of 12, under the guardianship of his grandfather.

Foreign trade was important to the domain, and Takanobu sought exchanges with Dutch and English merchants.

Takanobu had the Dharma name Shōjū-in (正宗院)) and was also baptised.

Shōtō-in
Shōtō-in (松東院) (1571? – 1656) was an early Christian in Japan. By birth Ōmura Sono, she took the Christian name Mencia (メンシア). The fifth daughter of Christian daimyō Ōmura Sumitada, she was the wife of Matsura Hisanobu and the mother of Matsura Takanobu.

Portraits dating to 1653 by Kanō Yasunobu of Shōtō-in, of her son Shōjū-in (正宗院) (the Dharma name of Takanobu), and of her second daughter Seijō-in (清浄院) are preserved in the Matsura Historical Museum in Hirado.
Woodnewton
Woodnewton is a village in Northamptonshire, England. Essentially a pair of parallel streets, the village lies to the north of a small stream, the Willow Brook, in Rockingham Forest. It is in North Northamptonshire. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 442 people, increasing slightly to 450 at the 2011 Census.

The village's name means 'New farm/settlement'. The village is situated in the Forest of Cliffe, so 'wood' was added to signify that.

Woodnewton is home to 'Clownfest', a fundraising operation inspired by Coco the Clown. There is a woodcarved statue of 'Coco the clown' in the Woodnewton village park. Coco the clown is buried in the graveyard of St Mary's parish church, which is situated to the western end of the village. Clownfest raised enough money to pay for the building of the current village hall, which is a central hub for the village.

Other facilities include: Public House, Village hall, Church and a Pottery.

North Northamptonshire
North Northamptonshire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Northamptonshire, England, and was created in 2021. The council is based in Corby, the district's largest town. Other notable towns are Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Raunds, Desborough, Rothwell, Irthlingborough, Thrapston and Oundle.

North Northamptonshire borders the City of Peterborough, Rutland, Milton Keynes, Huntingdonshire, Bedford, Harborough, West Northamptonshire and South Kesteven districts.

It has a string of lakes along the Nene Valley Conservation Park, associated heritage railway, the village of Fotheringhay which has tombs of the House of York as well as a towering church supported by flying buttresses. This division has a well-preserved medieval castle in private hands next to Corby – Rockingham Castle – and about 20 other notable country houses, many of which have visitor gardens or days.
Nelliyadi
Nellyadi is a small town located in the Puttur Taluk of Dakshina Kannada district,  in Karnataka, India. This small town Located 275 km far from Bangalore and 70 km far from port city Mangalore. Nellyadi situated under the beauty of Western Ghat. The nearest ghat is Shiradi. This town connected to pilgrimage centre like Dharmasthala, Subramanya, Shishila and Southadka temple.

Shiradi
Shiradi is a village on the Mangaluru to Bengaluru section of National Highway 75. The village is situated in Puttur taluk of Dakshina Kannada district. The nearest town is Nelliyadi which is at a distance of approximately 15 km.
Glossary of commutative algebra
This is a glossary of commutative algebra.

See also list of algebraic geometry topics, glossary of classical algebraic geometry, glossary of algebraic geometry, glossary of ring theory and glossary of module theory.

In this article, all rings are assumed to be commutative with identity 1.

Glossary of classical algebraic geometry
The terminology of algebraic geometry changed drastically during the twentieth century, with the introduction of the general methods, initiated by David Hilbert and the Italian school of algebraic geometry in the beginning of the century, and later formalized by André Weil, Jean-Pierre Serre and Alexander Grothendieck. Much of the classical terminology, mainly based on case study, was simply abandoned, with the result that books and papers written before this time can be hard to read. This article lists some of this classical terminology, and describes some of the changes in conventions.

Dolgachev (2012) translates many of the classical terms in algebraic geometry into scheme-theoretic terminology. Other books defining some of the classical terminology include Baker (1922a, 1922b, 1923, 1925, 1933a, 1933b), Coolidge (1931), Coxeter (1969), Hudson (1990), Salmon (1879), Semple & Roth (1949).
Ostoja Danielewicz
The Danielewicz family of Clan Ostoja originates probably from Russian boyar Daniel Aleksandrowicz's son Vladimir Danielewicz, that settled down in Lithuania. Danielewicz is a patronymic surname, meaning descendants of Daniel or Danilo. The family is associated with the Clan of Ostoja and Ostoja Coat of Arms.

Wincenty Danilewicz
Wincenty Danilewicz (1787 – 23 March 1878) was a Chevau-léger in the Napoleonic campaign, secretary of Chancellery of Senat in Congress Poland, chief archivist of heraldric administration of Congress Poland in Warsaw.
Anthony Gizzo
Anthony Robert Gizzo (August 4, 1902 – April 1, 1953) was a Kansas City, Missouri mobster with the Cosa Nostra and a boss of the Kansas City crime family.

Gizzo was born in New York City and was known as "Tony". In the early 1920s, after being arrested on a narcotics charge, Gizzo attempted to bribe a federal officer with $10,000 ($156,960 today). Gizzo was convicted and in 1924 served one year and a day at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas.

Gizzo was a close friend of mobster Charles Binaggio. In 1930, Gizzo and Binaggio were arrested in Denver, Colorado, on a minor charge. During this time, both men were lieutenants to Kansas City North End political boss John Lazia in his illegal gambling operations. Gizzo soon became known as one of the five "Iron Men" due to his underworld clout.

In 1950, with Binaggio's murder, it is believed that Gizzo assumed leadership of the Kansas City family.

On April 1, 1953, Gizzo died in Dallas, Texas.

Kansas City crime family
The Kansas City crime family, also known as the Civella crime family or the Kansas City Mafia or the Clique, is an Italian American Mafia crime family based in Kansas City, Missouri, and throughout the Greater Kansas City area. The organization formed during the early 1910s. It is named after Nicholas Civella, the family’s longest serving boss from 1953 until his death in 1983.
Saint-Bernard, Quebec
Saint-Bernard (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ bɛʁnaʁ] ⓘ) is a municipality in La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality, in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 2,535 as of 2021. Constituted in 1845, it is named after Archbishop Bernard-Claude Panet.

The municipality is located on scenic Route 171 in Beauce.

On August 26, 1972, five days after escaping from Saint-Vincent-de-Paul jail in Laval, Quebec, notorious French criminal Jacques Mesrine and his Quebec accomplice Jean-Paul Mercier robbed the Caisse populaire of Saint-Bernard. Ten minutes later, they robbed the caisse of Saint-Narcisse-de-Beaurivage, for a total of $26,000 that day.

All of the victims of the 1997 Les Éboulements bus accident save one, the bus driver, were senior citizens from Saint-Bernard.

Saint-Narcisse-de-Beaurivage
Saint-Narcisse-de-Beaurivage (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ naʁsis də boʁivaʒ]) is a parish municipality in the Lotbinière Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Its population is 1,152 as of the Canada 2021 Census. It was named after the Narcisse Dionne, an early benefactor of the parish. Beaurivage is associated to the seigneurie of Beaurivage, also known as Saint-Gilles.

The parish municipality, constituted in 1874, covers an area of 62km2, with a population density of 19.