hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bancroft's School
Bancroft's School is a co-educational private day school in Woodford Green, London. The school has around 1,100 pupils aged between 7 and 18, around 250 of whom are pupils of the Preparatory School and 850 of whom are pupils of the Senior School.

The school's alumni, called "Old Bancroftians", include naturalists, poets, academics, politicians, authors, sportsmen, actors, and military figures. These include two recipients of the Victoria Cross, Britain's highest military award for gallantry, Robert Edward Cruickshank and Augustus Charles Newman. More recently, alumni have included Lord Pannick KC, Mike Lynch, Alan Davies, Hari Kunzru, Anita Anand and Andy Saull.

Andy Saull
Andy Saull (born 27 September 1988 in London) is a rugby union player who plays at flanker and was part of the Saracens team who won the English premiership in 2011. Saull also represented Oxford University in  The Varsity Match against Cambridge University.
Island ecology
Island ecology is the study of island organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment.  Islands account for nearly 1/6 of earth's total land area, yet the ecology of island ecosystems is vastly different from that of mainland communities.  Their isolation and high availability of empty niches lead to increased speciation.  As a result, island ecosystems comprise 30% of the world's biodiversity hotspots, 50% of marine tropical diversity, and some of the most unusual and rare species.  Many species still remain unknown.

The diversity of species on islands is highly impacted by human activities such as deforestation and introduction of the exotic species.  In response, ecologists and managers are directing attention towards conservation and restoration of island species.  Because they are simple systems, islands provide an opportunity to study processes of extinction that can be extrapolated to larger ecosystems.

Insular biogeography
Insular biogeography or island biogeography is a field within biogeography that examines the factors that affect the species richness and diversification of isolated natural communities. The theory was originally developed to explain the pattern of the species–area relationship occurring in oceanic islands. Under either name it is now used in reference to any ecosystem (present or past) that is isolated due to being surrounded by unlike ecosystems, and has been extended to mountain peaks, seamounts, oases, fragmented forests, and even natural habitats isolated by human land development.   The field was started in the 1960s by the ecologists Robert H. MacArthur and E. O. Wilson, who coined the term island biogeography in their inaugural contribution to Princeton's Monograph in Population Biology series, which attempted to predict the number of species that would exist on a newly created island.
Månafossen
Månafossen is a waterfall in Gjesdal municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 92-metre (302 ft) tall waterfall is located along the river Månaåna, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the end of the Frafjorden where the village of Frafjord is located.  The waterfall is in a fairly isolated area.  There is a parking area nearby with a steep, rough 250-metre (820 ft) hiking trail up a mountainside to see the waterfall.  The hike takes about 30 minutes.

Frafjord
Frafjord is a village and farming community in the municipality of Gjesdal in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the Frafjorddalen valley, at the innermost end of the Frafjorden, a branch of the larger Høgsfjorden. The village had about 100 inhabitants in 2001. The 3.8-kilometre (2.4 mi) long Frafjord Tunnel connects the village of Frafjord to the villages of Gilja and Dirdal on the other side of the mountains, replacing the old, narrow, winding road over the mountain pass.  The Månafossen waterfall lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the village of Frafjord.
Pioneer Monument (San Francisco)
37°46′47″N 122°24′57″W﻿ / ﻿37.77970°N 122.41595°W﻿ / 37.77970; -122.41595

The Pioneer Monument is a granite monument supporting bronze figures and reliefs created by Frank Happersberger and financed by the estate of James Lick. It is located on Fulton Street between Hyde and Larkin streets in the Civic Center of San Francisco, California, next to the San Francisco Public Library. It was dedicated on November 29, 1894. A highly controversial component, Early Days, was removed in 2018.

Civic Center, San Francisco
The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, United States is an area located a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions. It has two large plazas (Civic Center Plaza and United Nations Plaza) and a number of buildings in classical architectural style. The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly the Exposition Auditorium), the United Nations Charter was signed in the Veterans Building's Herbst Theatre in 1945, leading to the creation of the United Nations. It is also where the 1951 Treaty of San Francisco (the peace treaty that officially ended the Pacific War with the Empire of Japan, which had surrendered in 1945) was signed. The San Francisco Civic Center was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 and listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 10, 1978.
Saybrook Breakwater Light
Saybrook Breakwater Lighthouse is a sparkplug lighthouse in Connecticut,
United States, at Fenwick Point at the mouth of the Connecticut River near Old Saybrook, Connecticut. It is featured on the state's "Preserve the Sound" license plates.

"That outer lighthouse is the symbol of Old Saybrook," town First Selectman Michael Pace said in 2007, when the town was making plans to buy the lighthouse from the federal government.

The lighthouse is also known simply as "Breakwater Light" or "Outer Light". It is one of two built off Lynde Point in the nineteenth century. The other lighthouse, known as Lynde Point Light or more commonly as "Inner Light", is 75 years older than this lighthouse. The two lighthouses mark the harbor channel at the mouth of the Connecticut River.

Old Saybrook, Connecticut
Old Saybrook is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, lying on the west bank of the Connecticut River at the point where it flows into Long Island Sound. Part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region, the population was 10,481 at the 2020 census. It contains the incorporated borough of Fenwick, and the census-designated places of Old Saybrook Center and Saybrook Manor.
Tort reform
Tort reform consists of changes in the civil justice system in common law countries that aim to reduce the ability of plaintiffs to bring tort litigation (particularly actions for negligence) or to reduce damages they can receive. Such changes are generally justified under the grounds that litigation is an inefficient means to compensate plaintiffs; that tort law permits frivolous or otherwise undesirable litigation to crowd the court system; or that the fear of litigation can serve to curtail innovation, raise the cost of consumer goods or insurance premiums for suppliers of services (e.g. medical malpractice insurance), and increase legal costs for businesses. Tort reform has primarily been prominent in common law jurisdictions, where criticism of judge-made rules regarding tort actions manifests in calls for statutory reform by the legislature.

Contingent fee
A contingent fee (also known as a contingency fee in the United States or a conditional fee in England and Wales) is any fee for services provided where the fee is payable only if there is a favourable result. Although such a fee may be used in many fields, it is particularly well associated with legal practice.

In the law, a contingent fee is defined as a fee charged for a lawyer's services that is payable only if a lawsuit is successful or results in a favorable settlement, usually in the form of a percentage of the amount recovered on behalf of the client. Contingent fees may make it easier for people of limited means to pursue their civil rights since otherwise, to sue someone for a tort, one must first be wealthy enough to pursue such litigation in the first place. Due to the risk of loss, attorneys will not take cases on a contingency basis unless they believe that the case has merit, although accepting cases on a contingency is not without risk.
KFEG
KFEG (104.7 FM, "104.7 The Eagle") is a radio station broadcasting a classic rock music format. It is licensed to Klamath Falls, Oregon, United States. The station is currently owned by Wynne Broadcasting, LLC, and licensed to Cove Road Publishing, LLC.

Klamath Falls, Oregon
Klamath Falls (/ˈklæməθ/ KLAM-əth) is a city in and the county seat of Klamath County, Oregon, United States. The city was originally called Linkville when George Nurse founded the town in 1867. It was named after the Link River, on whose falls the city was sited. The name was changed to Klamath Falls in 1893. The population was 21,813 at the 2020 census. With its suburb Altamont, a census-designated place, the combined population of the towns is 42,046 residents. The city is on the southeastern shore of the Upper Klamath Lake, at the foothills of the Cascade Range, and is home to the Oregon Institute of Technology.

Logging was the first major industry of Klamath Falls.
Karaboro languages
The Karaboro languages are a dialect continuum spoken in Burkina Faso. They belong to the Senufo subfamily, but are geographically separated from other Senufo languages by a small band of unrelated languages. Linguistically, they share phonetic, morphological, and lexical features separate them from other Senufo languages. Within Senufo they are thought to be most closely related to the Senari languages.

Karaboro is commonly divided into two languages: Syer-Tenyer, or Western Karaboro; and Kar, or Eastern Karaboro. The two languages are closely related but have limited mutual intelligibility. Syer was spoken by an estimated 65,000 people in 2015, often with Jula as their second language.

Senari languages
The Senari languages form a central dialect cluster of the Senufo languages. They are spoken in northern Ivory Coast, southern Mali and southwest Burkina Faso by more than a million Senufo. Three varieties can be distinguished,

Cebaara (Tyebaala)

Senara

Nyarafolo,

all with several dialects. With 860,000 speakers, Cebaara (Tyembara) is the largest of the four; it is also the central variety, spoken around the traditional Senufo center Korhogo. Senara (190,000 native speakers) of the Laraba Province of Burkina Faso is a geographic outlier; intelligibility testing with Cebaara yields ratings between 42 and 74 per cent (SIL). Nyarafolo is spoken by 50,000 in northeast Ivory Coast around Ferkessédougou; Ethnologue reports a classification as Tagwana-Djimini rather than Senari. Within Senufo as a whole, the Senari languages are thought to be most closely related to the Karaboro languages.
Jagat Sundar Malla
Jagat Sundar Malla (1882 - 1952) (Nepali: जगतसुन्दर मल्ल) was a Nepalese teacher and writer who dedicated his life to the education of the common people.

Malla opened a school in his home defying government repression as the Rana regime disapproved of any move to spread modern education. He stressed the importance of learning English, and he wrote and published textbooks in Nepalese languages as he believed that children learn faster if they are taught in their mother tongue. He is honored as one of the Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa.

Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa
Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa (Nepali: नेपालभाषाका चार स्तम्भ, Newar: नेपाल भाषाया प्यंगः थां) are the four leaders who spearheaded the campaign to revive the Newar language and its literature during the repressive Rana regime, and guided its renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century.

They produced literature at the risk of personal freedom and laid the foundation for the development of modern Nepal Bhasa. Their work marks the beginning of the Nepal Bhasa movement in Kathmandu, which has led to greater rights in education, the media and official recognition.

The four figures honored as the four pillars of the Nepal Bhasa renaissance are author Nisthananda Bajracharya, poet Siddhidas Mahaju, educationist Jagat Sundar Malla and poet Yogbir Singh Kansakar.
Musha shugyō
Musha shugyō (武者修行) is a samurai warrior's quest or pilgrimage. The concept is similar to the Chinese Youxia, or Knight Errantry in feudal Europe. A warrior called a shugyōsha, would wander the land practicing and honing his skills without the protection of his family or school. Possible activities include training with other schools, dueling, performing bodyguard or mercenary work, and searching for a daimyō to serve.

Musha shugyō ("training in warriorship") was inspired by Zen monks, who would engage in similar ascetic wanderings (which they called angya, "travelling on foot") before attaining enlightenment.

Knight-errant
A knight-errant (or knight errant) is a figure of medieval chivalric romance literature. The adjective errant (meaning "wandering, roving") indicates how the knight-errant would wander the land in search of adventures to prove his chivalric virtues, either in knightly duels (pas d'armes) or in some other pursuit of courtly love.
St. Barnabas' Church, Dublin
53°21′02″N 6°14′09″W﻿ / ﻿53.3505967°N 6.2357746°W﻿ / 53.3505967; -6.2357746
St. Barnabas' Church was a Church of Ireland church on Upper Sherrif Street, East Wall, in Dublin's docklands.  It was sometimes called the Mariners Church.

East Wall
East Wall (Irish: An Port Thoir) is an inner city area of the Northside of Dublin, Ireland. Built on reclaimed ground in the 1820s, the area is also 30 minutes walk from Dublin's main thoroughfare, O'Connell Street.
Brian C. Anderson
Brian C. Anderson is an American writer and editor of City Journal, a quarterly magazine, published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.

Anderson received his BA and MA from Boston College. He obtained a doctorate in political philosophy from the University of Ottawa.

Anderson served as previously literary editor of Crisis during most of the 1990s.

In the late 1990s, he became a senior editor at the City Journal, a quarterly magazine, published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.  In 2007, he became editor-in-chief there.

Manhattan Institute for Policy Research
The Manhattan Institute for Policy Research (renamed in 1981 from the International Center for Economic Policy Studies) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit think tank focused on domestic policy and urban affairs. The institute's focus covers a wide variety of issues, including healthcare, higher education, public housing, prisoner reentry, and policing. It was established in Manhattan in 1978 by Antony Fisher and William J. Casey.

The institute produces materials including books, articles, interviews, speeches, op-eds, policy research, and the quarterly publication City Journal. Described as conservative, it is a key think tank and ranked in the Global Go To Think Tank Index (GGTTI) published by the University of Pennsylvania. Its current president is Reihan Salam, who has led the organization since being appointed in 2019.
Collide with the Sky
Collide with the Sky is the third studio album by American post-hardcore band Pierce the Veil, released on July 17, 2012, by Fearless Records. The album spawned the hit songs "King for a Day", "A Match into Water", "Bulls in the Bronx" and "Hell Above", all of which remain staples of the group's discography.

Vic Fuentes
Victor Vincent Fuentes (born February 10, 1983) is an American musician. He is the co-founder, lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the post-hardcore band Pierce the Veil, which he formed with his brother Mike Fuentes in 2006.
Lubaina Himid
Lubaina Himid CBE RA (born 1954) is a British artist and curator. She is a professor of contemporary art at the University of Central Lancashire. Her art focuses on themes of cultural history and reclaiming identities.

Himid was one of the first artists involved in the UK's Black Art movement in the 1980s and continues to create activist art which is shown in galleries in Britain, as well as worldwide. Himid was appointed MBE in June 2010 "for services to Black Women's Art", won the Turner Prize in 2017 and was promoted to CBE in the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours "for services to Art."

In 2025, Himid was selected by the British Council to represent the United Kingdom at the 2026 Venice Biennale.

BLK Art Group
The BLK Art Group was the name chosen in 1982 by a group of five influential conceptual artists, painters, sculptors and installation artists based in England. Keith Piper, Marlene Smith, Eddie Chambers and Donald Rodney were initially based in the Midlands.

The group were all from the British African-Caribbean community and exhibited in a number of group exhibitions in both small and prestigious galleries throughout the country. Their work was noted for its boldly political stance, producing dynamic conceptual art that offered a series of inventive critiques on the state of inter-communal, class and gender relations in the UK. They were themselves influenced by a variety of artistic currents including ideas associated with the USA's Black Arts Movement. Donald Rodney, who suffered from sickle cell anaemia (anemia), died aged 36 in 1998.
TBEA
TBEA Co., Ltd. (formerly Tebian Electric Apparatus) is a Chinese manufacturer of power transformers and other electrical equipment, as well as a developer of transmission and renewable energy projects. Alongside competitors such as Tianwei Baobian Electric and the XD Group, TBEA is one of the major Chinese producers of transformers.

BTW (company)
Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd., commonly known as BTW, is a Chinese manufacturer of power transformers and other electrical equipment.  Along with competitors Tebian Electric Apparatus (TBEA) and the XD Group, it is among the major manufacturers of transformers in China.

The company is engaged in manufacturing of wind turbines.  In 2009, a wind power turbine subsidiary of the TWBB won a 300 million RMB contract to provide 33 units of wind turbines to the Zhuozi wind farm in Inner Mongolia, the first wind turbine deal for TWBB.
Matti Väisänen (bishop)
Matti Kalevi Väisänen (born 24 February 1934, Juva) is a former priest of Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the bishop of independent Luther Foundation ordained by Swedish-based Missionsprovinsen, an ecclesiastical province that opposes ordination of women. He graduated doctor of theology from University of Helsinki in 2007. In 2013 Väisänen ordained Risto Soramies as the first bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland.

Risto Soramies
Risto Matti Soramies (born 13 December 1946 in Helsinki, Finland) is the first bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland since 4 May 2013. He was ordained by Matti Väisänen, a bishop of the Mission Province of Sweden and Finland.

In December 2014 Soramies consecrated Robert Kaumba as bishop of the Lutheran Evangelical Church in Africa—Zambia Diocese.
Pseudarctos
Pseudarctos is a member of the extinct family Amphicyonidae of terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, which inhabited Eurasia in the Middle Miocene subepoch 16.9—11.1 Ma, existing for approximately 5.8 million years.

Pseudarctos was named Schlosser in 1899 and was assigned to Amphicyonidae by Carroll (1988). It was the size of a large fox.

Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia. They first appeared in North America in the middle Eocene (around 45 Ma), spread to Europe by the late Eocene (35 Ma), and further spread to Asia and Africa by the early Miocene (23 Ma). They had largely disappeared worldwide by the late Miocene (9-7 Ma), with the latest recorded species at the end of the Miocene in Africa. They were among the first carnivorans to evolve large body size. Amphicyonids are colloquially referred to as "bear-dogs".
Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro
Victoria Libertas (also known as "VL" or in Italian Vuelle), full name Unione Sportiva Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro, is a professional basketball team that is based in Pesaro, Italy. The club competes in the second level Italian professional basketball league, the Serie A2. It was commonly known across Europe as Scavolini Pesaro, from the name of its historical main sponsor Scavolini (from 1975 to 2014), an Italian kitchen and bathroom products designer and manufacturer, whose co-founder Valter Scavolini was formerly club president. For past club sponsorship names, see the list below.

1989–90 FIBA Korać Cup
The 1989–90 FIBA Korać Cup was the 19th edition of FIBA's Korać Cup basketball competition. The Spanish Ram Joventut defeated the Italian Scavolini Pesaro in the final. This was Joventut's second time winning the title after a victory in 1981.
Maria Gordon
Dame Maria Matilda Gordon DBE LLD (née Ogilvie; 30 April 1864 – 24 June 1939), sometimes known as May Ogilvie Gordon or May Gordon, was an eminent Scottish geologist, palaeontologist, and politician. She was the first woman to be awarded a Doctor of Science degree from the University of London and the first woman to be awarded a PhD degree from the University of Munich. She was also a supporter and campaigner for the rights and equality of children and women.

Agnes Murgoci
Dr. Agnes Murgoci (née Kelly, 1875 – 7 May 1929), was an Australian born, English zoologist, folklorist and teacher. She is most known for her work on Romanian folklore, especially early studies on vampirism.
Clivio
Clivio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,010 and an area of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi).

Clivio borders the following municipalities: Arzo (Switzerland), Besazio (Switzerland), Cantello, Ligornetto (Switzerland), Saltrio, Stabio (Switzerland), Viggiù.

Saltrio
Saltrio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,925 and an area of 3.5 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi).

Saltrio borders the following municipalities: Arzo (Switzerland), Clivio, Meride (Switzerland), Viggiù.
P2X purinoreceptor
The P2X receptors, also ATP-gated P2X receptor cation channel family, is a protein family that consists of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). They belong to a larger family of receptors known as the ENaC/P2X superfamily. ENaC and P2X receptors have similar 3-D structures and are homologous. P2X receptors are present in a diverse array of organisms including humans, mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, zebrafish, bullfrog, fluke, and amoeba.

P2RX5
P2X purinoceptor 5 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the P2RX5 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a ligand-gated ion channel. Several characteristic motifs of ATP-gated channels are present in its primary structure, but, unlike other members of the purinoceptors family, this receptor has only a single transmembrane domain. Four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.