hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
White Ship disaster
The White Ship (French: la Blanche-Nef; Medieval Latin: Candida navis) was a vessel transporting many nobles, including the heir to the English throne, that sank in the English Channel near the Normandy coast off Barfleur during a trip from France to England on 25 November 1120. Out of approximately 300 people aboard, only one — a butcher from Rouen — survived.

Those who drowned included William Adelin, the only legitimate son and heir of Henry I of England; his half-siblings Matilda FitzRoy and Richard of Lincoln; Richard d'Avranches, Earl of Chester; and Geoffrey Ridel. With William Adelin's death, the king had no obvious successor, and his own death 15 years later set off a succession crisis and a period of civil war in England known as the Anarchy (1135–1153).

William Adelin
William Ætheling (Middle English: [ˈwiliəm ˈaðəliŋɡ], Old English: [ˈæðeliŋɡ]; 5 August 1103 – 25 November 1120), commonly called Adelin (sometimes Adelinus, Adelingus, A(u)delin or other Latinised Norman-French variants of Ætheling) was the son of Henry I of England by his wife Matilda of Scotland, and was thus heir apparent to the English throne. His early death without issue caused a succession crisis, now known in English history as the Anarchy.
Tatyana Arntgolts
Tatyana Albertovna Arntgolts (Russian: Татьяна Альбертовна Арнтгоольц; born 18 March 1982) is a Russian theater and film actress, and TV presenter. She is well-known for starring in the miniseries Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs.

Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs
Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs (Russian: Снайперы: Любовь под прицелом, romanized: Snaypery: Lyubov pod pritselom) is a 2012 Russian 8-episode war-drama miniseries directed by Zinovy Roizman. The series is about a young male and female sniper who are on opposing sides during the WWII. The series aired on Channel One Russia.
Amrit Desai
Amrit Desai is a pioneer of yoga in the West, and one of the few remaining living yoga gurus who originally brought over the authentic teachings of yoga in the early 1960s. He is the creator of two brands of yoga, Kripalu Yoga and I AM Yoga, and is the founder of five yoga and health centers in the US. His yoga training programs have reached more than 40 countries worldwide and over 8,000 teachers have been certified.

Homegrown Gurus, published in 2013, states: "Although Desai has not received scholarly attention, he has arguably been one of the most influential and sought-after figures in the development of Hatha Yoga in America over the last 40 years."

Kripalvananda
Kripalvananda (January 13, 1913 – December 29, 1981), also known as Swami Sri Kripalvanand or Bapuji, was a renowned master of kundalini yoga and the namesake of the Kripalu Center, Kripalu Yoga style and Kripalvananda Yoga Institute, as well as a significant influence on Kriya Yoga in the United States.
Olivera Lakić
Olivera Lakić is a Montenegrin investigative journalist for the Montenegrin newsroom Libertas Press working for the daily newspaperVijesti. In May 2018, she was shot and injured by a gunman outside her home in Podgorica after investigating corruption in Montenegro. She became an International Women of Courage Award recipient in 2019.

International Women of Courage Award
The International Women of Courage Award, also referred to as the U.S. Secretary of State's International Women of Courage Award, is an American award presented annually by the United States Department of State to women around the world who have shown leadership, courage, resourcefulness, and willingness to sacrifice for others, especially in promoting women's rights.
Coastal Elites
Coastal Elites is a 2020 American comedy television film directed by Jay Roach and written by Paul Rudnick. The film stars Bette Midler, Sarah Paulson, Kaitlyn Dever, Dan Levy and Issa Rae as five people living in either New York City or Los Angeles, navigating the COVID-19 pandemic.

Coastal Elites premiered on HBO on September 12, 2020 to mixed reviews from critics.

Dan Levy (Canadian actor)
Daniel Joseph Levy (born August 9, 1983) is a Canadian actor and filmmaker. He began his career as a television host on MTV Canada. He received international prominence for starring as David Rose in the CBC sitcom Schitt's Creek (2015–2020), which he co-created and co-starred in with his father, Eugene Levy.

Levy won Primetime Emmy Awards for producing, writing, directing, and acting in the final season of Schitt's Creek, and the series became the first to win a Primetime Emmy Award in all four major comedy acting categories in a single year. His work on the show also earned him four Canadian Screen Awards, among other accolades. Levy has since played a supporting role in the romantic comedy film Happiest Season (2020), and starred in, written and directed the drama Good Grief (2023).
Wild Ones (Kip Moore album)
Wild Ones is the second studio album by American country music artist Kip Moore, released on August 21, 2015, by MCA Nashville. Following the success of his 2012 debut album, Up All Night, Moore reteamed with producer Brett James and brought in Chris DeStefano to work on new content for his next country album. After its first two singles underperformed on the radio, Moore decided to scrap the project to write and record new material, crafting a more organic hard rock sound that supports the personal stories told throughout the thirteen tracks he co-wrote. Reviews for the record were positive, with critics praising Moore for incorporating rock elements throughout the track listing. Wild Ones debuted at numbers two and four on the Top Country Albums and Billboard 200 charts, respectively. It spawned two singles: "I'm to Blame" and "Running for You". To promote the album, Moore performed on talk shows and headlined tours across North America.

Running for You
"Running for You" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Kip Moore. It was released to radio on October 12, 2015, as the second and final single from his second studio album Wild Ones (2015). Written by Moore, Troy Verges and Blair Daly, the song is about a relationship that's run its course but they wish each other well. "Running for You" peaked at numbers 13 and 25 on both the Billboard Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts respectively. The song has sold 99,000 copies in the United States as of July 2016. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by P. J. Brown, follows a couple's relationship ending because of their careers.
Adverse possession
Adverse possession in common law, and the related civil law concept of usucaption (also acquisitive prescription or prescriptive acquisition), are legal mechanisms under which a person who does not have legal title to a piece of property, usually real property, may acquire legal ownership based on continuous possession or occupation without the permission (license) of its legal owner.

It is sometimes colloquially described as squatter's rights, a term associated with occupation without legal title during the westward expansion in North America, as occupying real property without permission is central to adverse possession. Some jurisdictions regulate squatting separately from adverse possession.

Usucaption
Usucaption (Latin: usucapio), also known as acquisitive prescription, is a concept found in civil law systems and has its origin in the Roman law of property.

Usucaption is a method by which ownership of property (i.e. title to the property) can be gained by possession of it beyond the lapse of a certain period of time (acquiescence). While usucaption has been compared with adverse possession, the true effect of usucaption is to remedy defects in title of lands that are without encumbrance on them.
Supernetwork
A supernetwork, or supernet, is an Internet Protocol (IP) network that is formed by aggregation of multiple networks (or subnets) into a larger network. The new routing prefix for the aggregate network represents the constituent networks in a single routing table entry. The process of forming a supernet is called supernetting, prefix aggregation, route aggregation, or route summarization.

Supernetting within the Internet serves as a strategy to avoid fragmentation of the IP address space by using a hierarchical allocation system that delegates control of segments of address space to regional Internet registries. This method facilitates regional route aggregation.

The benefits of supernetting are efficiencies gained in routers in terms of memory storage of route information and processing overhead when matching routes. Supernetting, however, can introduce interoperability issues and other risks.

Routing table
In computer networking, a routing table, or routing information base (RIB), is a data table stored in a router or a network host that lists the routes to particular network destinations, and in some cases, metrics (distances) associated with those routes. The routing table contains information about the topology of the network immediately around it.

The construction of routing tables is the primary goal of routing protocols. Static routes are entries that are fixed, rather than resulting from routing protocols and network topology discovery procedures.
Nadia Alexander
Nadia Alexander (born April 5, 1994) is an American actress. She has performed in several television series, including The Sinner (2017) and Seven Seconds (2018). She won the award for Best Actress in a U.S. Narrative Film at the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival for her performance in Blame (2017) and was nominated for a Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Actress for her performance in The Dark (2019).

Blame (2017 film)
Blame is a 2017 American teen psychological drama film written, co-produced, edited, and directed by Quinn Shephard, who also stars alongside Nadia Alexander, Tate Donovan, and Chris Messina. The film is Shephard's feature film directorial debut. It screened at several film festivals, including at the Tribeca Film Festival, where it was nominated for several awards and won the award for Best Actress in a US Narrative Feature (for Alexander's performance).
Tita in Thibet
Tita in Thibet (aka Brum, a Birmingham Merchant) is an English two-act musical play by Frank Desprez.  It opened at the Royalty Theatre in London on 1 January 1879.

Tita in Thibet was written as a vehicle for the music hall star Kate Santley.  Fred Leslie and W. H. Seymour, who would become the stage manager of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for 20 years, also played in the piece, as did ex-D'Oyly Carte player Walter H. Fisher.

The setting of the piece took advantage of the Victorian fad for anything Far East-themed. Tita became Desprez's most frequently played work and was later staged by the Majilton theatre company more than a thousand times in the British provinces.

Frederick Hobson Leslie
Frederick George Hobson, known as Fred Leslie (1 April 1855 – 7 December 1892), was an English actor, singer, comedian and dramatist.

Beginning his career in operetta, Leslie became best known for starring in, and writing (under the pseudonym A. C. Torr, a pun on the word "actor"), popular burlesque plays and other comic works of theatre.
Des McAnuff
Desmond Steven McAnuff CM (born June 19, 1952) is the American-Canadian former artistic director of Canada's Stratford Festival and director of such Broadway musical theatre productions as Big River, The Who's Tommy and Jersey Boys.

Big River (musical)
Big River: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a musical with music and lyrics by Roger Miller, and a book by William Hauptman.

Based on Mark Twain's classic 1884 novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, it features music in the bluegrass and country styles in keeping with the setting of the novel. The 1985 Broadway production ran for more than 1,000 performances and it remained one of the few very successful American musicals in the mid-1980s among the emerging successes coming from Great Britain. Big River won 7 Tony Awards, including Best Musical.
Tom Mueller
Thomas John Mueller is an American aerospace engineer and rocket engine designer. He was employee No.1 of SpaceX and is the founder and now CEO of Impulse Space.

Mueller is best known for his engineering work on the Merlin, Draco, Super Draco and TR-106 rocket engines. He is considered one of the world's leading spacecraft propulsion experts and holds several United States patents for propulsion technology.

TR-106
The TR-106 or low-cost pintle engine (LCPE) was a developmental rocket engine designed by TRW under the Space Launch Initiative to reduce the cost of launch services and space flight.  Operating on LOX/LH2 the engine had a thrust of 2892 kN, or 650,000 pounds, making it one of the most powerful engines ever constructed.
Dwight James Baum
Dwight James Baum (June 24, 1886 – December 14, 1939) was an American architect most active in New York and in Sarasota, Florida. His work includes Cà d'Zan, the Sarasota Times Building (1925), Sarasota County Courthouse (1926), early residences in Temple Terrace, Florida, Sarasota County Courthouse (1927),  Pinecroft, West Side YMCA on 63rd Street between Central Park and Columbus Avenue, Columbus Circle (Syracuse, NY) (1934) and Hendricks Memorial Chapel.

Ca' d'Zan
Cà d'Zan (/kɑːˌdə.zɑːn/) is a Mediterranean revival residence in Sarasota, Florida, adjacent to Sarasota Bay. Cà d'Zan was built in the mid-1920s as the winter retreat of the American circus mogul, entrepreneur, and art collector John Ringling and his wife Mable Burton Ringling. The name Cà d'Zan means "House of John" in the Venetian language; in Italian it would be "Casa di Giovanni".

Completed in 1926 by Owen Burns, Cà d'Zan features an eclectic array of architectural styles including Venetian Gothic, Italian Renaissance, Moorish, and Spanish-inspired elements drawn from different historic periods. Mable and John Ringling had visited Venice, which inspired the Venetian Gothic influence in the house, prominently seen in a variety of architectural elements such as windows with Gothic arches and terra cotta ornament replicating Gothic tracery.
Glennon Doyle
Glennon Doyle (born March 20, 1976) is an American author and queer activist known for her books Untamed, Love Warrior, Carry On, Warrior, and We Can Do Hard Things. Doyle is also the creator of the online community Momastery, and is the founder and president of Together Rising, an all-women-led nonprofit organization supporting women, families, and children in crisis.

Untamed (memoir)
Untamed is a 2020 memoir by Glennon Doyle. It was published by The Dial Press on March 10, 2020. It is her third memoir following her works Love Warrior and Carry on, Warrior.

The book debuted at number one on The New York Times nonfiction best-seller list. where it stayed for seven weeks. As of May 31, 2020, the book has spent 10 weeks on the list.
Laughing Anne
Laughing Anne is a 1953 British adventure film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Wendell Corey, Margaret Lockwood, Forrest Tucker, and Ronald Shiner. It was adapted by Pamela Bower from Joseph Conrad's short story, "Because of the Dollars" and from his 1923 two-act play, Laughing Anne.

Herbert Wilcox
Herbert Sydney Wilcox  CBE (19 April 1890 – 15 May 1977) was a British film producer and director.

He was one of the most successful British filmmakers from the 1920s to the 1950s. He is best known for the films he made with his third wife Anna Neagle.
528th Engineer Battalion
The 528th Engineer Battalion is an engineer battalion of the Louisiana Army National Guard. It is part of one of the 225th Engineer Brigade, one of largest engineer brigades in the United States Army National Guard. The 528th Engineer Battalion is headquartered in Monroe, LA in Ouachita Parish with the remaining companies and detachments located in Franklin, Caldwell, Union, Morehouse, West Carroll and Richland Parishes. The battalion provides command and control to plan integrate, and direct execution of three to five assigned engineer companies and one forward support company (FSC) to provide mobility in support application or focused logistics.

Monroe, Louisiana
Monroe is the ninth-largest city in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and is the parish seat and largest city of Ouachita Parish. With a 2020 census-tabulated population of 47,702, it is the principal city of the Monroe metropolitan statistical area, the second-largest metropolitan area in North Louisiana.
Herman Kountze
Herman Kountze (August 21, 1833 – November 20, 1906) was a powerful and influential pioneer banker in Omaha, Nebraska, during the late 19th century. After organizing the Kountze Brothers Bank in 1857 as the second bank in Omaha, Herman and his brothers Augustus, Charles and Luther changed the charter in 1863, opening the First National Bank of Omaha that year. Kountze was involved in a number of influential ventures around Omaha, including the development of the Omaha Stockyards and the Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition of 1898.  Immediately after his death Kountze was regarded as one of Omaha's "old settlers". Today Kountze's First National Bank is the oldest bank west of the Mississippi River, and continues as a privately held company in its sixth generation of family ownership.

John A. Creighton
John Andrew Creighton (October 15, 1831 – February 7, 1907) was a pioneer businessman and philanthropist in Omaha, Nebraska who founded Creighton University. The younger brother of Edward Creighton, John was responsible for a variety of institutions throughout the city of Omaha, and was ennobled by Pope Leo XIII in recognition of his contributions to Creighton University, the Catholic community in Omaha, and the city of Omaha in general.
Rock Odyssey
Rock Odyssey is an animated jukebox musical feature film produced by Hanna-Barbera for a Worldvision Enterprises release in 1987.
Directed by Robert Taylor (but credited to William Hanna and Joseph Barbera on the final print), with storyboards by Pete Alvarado. This features Scatman Crothers in his final film appearance, released following his death. The film was dedicated to his memory.

The film was released on a program of special world premiere matinee screenings of the Los Angeles International Animation Celebration’s opening day gala event. The film never received a wide theatrical release.

Scatman Crothers
Benjamin Sherman "Scatman" Crothers (May 23, 1910 – November 22, 1986) was an American actor and musician. He is known for playing Louie the Garbage Man on the TV show Chico and the Man, and Dick Hallorann in Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980). He was also a prolific voice actor who provided the voices of Meadowlark Lemon in the Harlem Globetrotters animated TV series, Jazz the Autobot in The Transformers and The Transformers: The Movie (1986), the title character in Hong Kong Phooey, and Scat Cat in the Disney animated film The Aristocats (1970).
Tum Bin
Tum Bin (transl. "Without You"), also known as Tum Bin... Love Will Find a Way, is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Anubhav Sinha. The film stars Priyanshu Chatterjee, Sandali Sinha, Himanshu Malik and Raqesh Bapat. The music is composed by Nikhil-Vinay, with lyrics penned by Faaiz Anwar.

The film was remade in Telugu as Ela Cheppanu (2003) starring Tarun and Shriya Saran. A sequel of the film, Tum Bin 2 starring Neha Sharma, Aashim Gulati and Aditya Seal was released in 2016.

Tum Bin 2
Tum Bin 2 (transl. Without you) is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film, written and directed by Anubhav Sinha. It was produced by Sinha and Bhushan Kumar, under the T-Series banner. It is a standalone sequel to the 2001 film, Tum Bin. The film was released on 18 November 2016 and it was disaster at the box office.
Negative free bid
Negative free bid is a contract bridge treatment whereby a free bid by responder over an opponent's overcall shows a long suit in a weak hand and is not forcing. This is in contrast with standard treatment, where a free bid can show unlimited values and is unconditionally forcing. The treatment is a relatively recent invention, and has become quite popular, especially in expert circles.

Negative free bids resolve relatively frequent situations where the responder holds a long suit with which he would like to compete for a partscore, but is deprived from bidding it by opponent's overcall.

Glossary of contract bridge terms
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge, and other trick-taking games. This glossary supplements the Glossary of card game terms.

In the following entries, boldface links are external to the glossary and plain links reference other glossary entries.
Shane Confectionery
Shane Confectionery is an American candy shop and candy producer, located at 110 Market Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
Currently owned by Ryan and Eric Berley, it is considered by some to be the longest-running confectionery business in the United States even though that title is better attributed to Ye Olde Pepper Candy Companie in Salem, Massachusetts. The original confectionery business at the location opened in 1863. 
They are known for making traditional specialties including previous owner Edward Shane's buttercream chocolates and Pennsylvania clear toy candy.

Clear toy candy
Clear toy candy is a traditional confectionery that originated in Germany. It is especially popular at Easter and Christmas. The hard candy is made in molds, in a multitude of fanciful shapes. The candy is tinted in bright colors, traditionally yellow, red and green. A stick is sometimes added before the candy completely cools to make a lollipop.

The names clear toy candy and barley sugar are sometimes used interchangeably to refer to clear molded sugar candy.  However traditional barley sugar is made with barley water, while clear toy candy is made with pure water. Unmolded barley sugar originated in France in the 1700s, while molded sugar candy (with or without barley as an ingredient) dates to the 1800s.: 3  
Confusion arises because the older term "barley sugar" became genericized and was applied to a wide range of boiled sugar candies during the 1800s.
Monmouth Coffee Company
Monmouth Coffee Company is a coffee roaster, retailer and wholesaler in London, which was founded in 1978. It played an important role in regenerating Neal's Yard and Borough Market.  It has remained focused on roasting and selling coffee beans and was one of the foundations for the third wave of coffee in London after the year 2000.

Neal's Yard
Neal's Yard is a small alley in London's Covent Garden between Shorts Gardens and Monmouth Street which opens into a courtyard. It is named after the 17th-century developer Thomas Neale.

In 1976, Michael Palin and Terry Gilliam bought offices at 11 Neal's Yard, and alternative activist and entrepreneur Nicholas Saunders established the bulk Whole Food Warehouse; he had bought 2 Neal's Yard, a derelict warehouse previously used by the former Covent Garden fruit and vegetable market, for £7,000 a few years earlier. From this success, grew other enterprises in other buildings such as Neal's Yard Apothecary (now known as Neal's Yard Remedies), Neal's Yard Bakery, Monmouth Coffee Company and Neal's Yard Dairy,

The area now contains several other health-food cafes and retailers.
M v R
M v R or M v The Queen is an Australian legal case decided in the High Court. It is an important authority in the field of criminal law, for the circumstances in which it is permissible for a jury's guilty verdict to be overturned by a judge. The case involved an appeal against criminal conviction by a father, against allegations of sexual assault and rape by his daughter. His appeal was allowed by majority.

Unsafe verdict
In the context of a jury trial, the term unsafe verdict refers to a judicial finding that a jury's guilty verdict should be overturned.

Unsafe in this context means that the verdict or conviction was not based on reliable evidence and is likely to constitute a miscarriage of justice.

In most common law jurisdictions, people convicted at jury trial are allowed to have the evidence and transcript of their trial reviewed by an appellate court.

Verdicts can be found to be unsafe for either legal or factual reasons.