hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jonadi
Jonadi (Calabrian Greek: Ιωνάδες) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 5 kilometres (3 mi) southwest of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,027 and an area of 8.7 square kilometres (3.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Jonadi contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Nao, Vena, Baracconi, and Case Sparse.

Jonadi borders the following municipalities: Filandari, Mileto, San Costantino Calabro, San Gregorio d'Ippona, Vibo Valentia.

San Costantino Calabro
San Costantino Calabro (Greek: Aghios Konstantinos Kalavros) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vibo Valentia in the Italian region Calabria, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Catanzaro and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) southwest of Vibo Valentia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,320 and an area of 7.0 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

San Costantino Calabro borders the following municipalities: Francica, Jonadi, Mileto, San Gregorio d'Ippona.
Gaggi, Sicily
Gaggi (Sicilian: Kaggi) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region of Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) east of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Messina. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,812 and an area of 7.3 square kilometres (2.8 sq mi).

The municipality of Gaggi contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cavallaro, Palmara, Falcò, Costa arancione, and Billirè. Gaggi borders the following municipalities: Castelmola, Castiglione di Sicilia, Graniti, Mongiuffi Melia, Taormina.

Graniti
Graniti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) east of Palermo and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Messina. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,550 and an area of 10.0 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi).

Graniti borders the following municipalities: Antillo, Castiglione di Sicilia, Gaggi, Mongiuffi Melia, Motta Camastra.
Nellie Breen
Nellie Breen (April 3, 1897 – April 26, 1986) was an American comedian and dancer. In vaudeville, she appeared in a double act with Lester Allen. Her Broadway theater credits include: Everything (1918), The Passing Show of 1922 (1922), Ginger (1923, as the character Ruth Warewell), Mercenary Mary (1925, as the character Norah), Florida Girl (1925, as the character Betty), and The Desert Song (1926, as the character Susan). In 1922, she did the first tap dance on radio.

Breen was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, to an Australian mother and Irish-American father who married in Victoria, Australia. She died in Santa Clara County, California, aged 89.

Her sister, Margaret Breen, was also an actress.

Lester Allen
Lester M. Allen (November 17, 1891 – November 6, 1949) was an American actor, dancer, singer, comedian, and circus performer. After beginning his career as a child acrobat with the Barnum and Bailey Circus, he became a performer in minstrel shows, burlesque, and vaudeville. He worked as primarily a dancer and acrobat in the Broadway musical revues George White's Scandals and Ziegfeld Follies in the 1910s and early 1920s; ultimately progressing to singing and comedic acting parts. He starred as a comic actor in several musical comedies on Broadway during the 1920s and the early 1930s. He transitioned into work as a film actor, appearing in more than 15 films released from 1941 to 1950. He was killed after being struck by a motor vehicle in 1949.
Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).

PDT is used in treating acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, psoriasis, and herpes. It is used to treat malignant cancers, including head and neck, lung, bladder and skin.

Advantages lessen the need for delicate surgery and lengthy recuperation and minimal formation of scar tissue and disfigurement. A side effect is the associated photosensitisation of skin tissue.

Porphyrin
Porphyrins (/ˈpɔːrfərɪns/ POR-fər-ins) are heterocyclic, macrocyclic, organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carrying oxygen in the bloodstream. In plants, an essential porphyrin derivative is chlorophyll, which is involved in light harvesting and electron transfer in photosynthesis.

The parent of porphyrins is porphine, a rare chemical compound of exclusively theoretical interest. Substituted porphines are called porphyrins. With a total of 26 π-electrons the porphyrin ring structure is a coordinated aromatic system. One result of the large conjugated system is that porphyrins absorb strongly in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e. they are deeply colored. The name "porphyrin" derives from Greek  πορφύρα (porphyra) 'purple'.
Condrò
Condrò (Sicilian: Cundrò) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Messina.

Condrò borders the following municipalities: Gualtieri Sicaminò, Pace del Mela, San Pier Niceto.

San Pier Niceto
San Pier Niceto (Sicilian: Sanpèri) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 170 kilometres (110 mi) east of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Messina. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,084 and an area of 36.3 square kilometres (14.0 sq mi).

The municipality of San Pier Niceto contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) San Pier Marina, Serro, Zifronte, and Pirrera.

San Pier Niceto borders the following municipalities: Condrò, Fiumedinisi, Gualtieri Sicaminò, Monforte San Giorgio, Pace del Mela, Santa Lucia del Mela.
Roghun District
Roghun District (Russian: Рогунский район) or Nohiyai Roghun (Tajik: Ноҳияи Роғун) is a former district in the Districts of Republican Subordination in Tajikistan, bordering on Faizobod District from the west, the Vahdat District from the north-west, and the Nurobod District from the north-east. Its southeastern border was with the Khatlon Region, running along the Vakhsh Range. Its capital was Roghun. Around 2018, the district was merged into the city of Roghun.

Vahdat District
Vahdat District (also spelled Vakhdat (Russian: Вахдатский район), Tajik: Ноҳияи Ваҳдат, romanized: Nohiyayi Vahdat) is a former district of the Districts of Republican Subordination in Tajikistan, called Kofarnihon District until the introduction of a new administrative division in the end of 2003. During the Soviet period it was named Ordzhonikidzeabad district in honor of Georgian communist Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze. It extends east of Dushanbe along the southern slopes of the Gissar Range, bordering on Varzob District from the west and Rasht District from the east. Its long southern border runs (from west to east) along Khatlon Province and then Faizobod, Roghun, and Nurobod districts. The district capital Vahdat (formerly Ordzhonikidzeabad) is placed off-center at the extreme southwest of the district, just 10 km east of Dushanbe. Around 2018, the district was merged into the city of Vahdat.
Jungang line
The Jungang line (Korean: 중앙선; Hanja: 中央線; lit. Central line) is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni in Seoul to Moryang in Gyeongju in South Korea, traversing central South Korea from the northwest to the southeast. It is also referred to as the rail line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway from Yongsan station to Jipyeong station. The section from Cheongnyangni to Dodam was designated as a semi-high-speed railway.

Gyeongwon Line
The Gyeongwon Line is a railway line serving northeastern Gyeonggi Province in South Korea. The line is operated by Korail. The name of the line came from Gyeongseong (Seoul) and Wonsan, the original terminus of the line, in what is now North Korea.
Jeannie Blackburn Moran
Jeannie Blackburn Moran (née Blackburn; pen name Mrs. F. Berger Moran; 1842–1929) was an American author, community leader and socialite. A charter member of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), and Colonial Dames of America (CDA), she was closely associated with social and patriotic organizations based in Virginia and Washington, D.C. Proceeds from the sale of her work, Miss Washington, of Virginia, were used for the benefit of the DAR's Memorial Continental Hall.

Colonial Dames of America
The Colonial Dames of America (CDA) is an American organization comprising women who descend from one or more ancestors who lived in British North America between 1607 and 1775, and who aided the colonies in public office, in military service, or in another acceptable capacity.  The CDA is listed as an approved lineage society with the Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America.

The National Headquarters is at Mount Vernon Hotel Museum in New York City, a building purchased by the CDA in 1924.
Larry McCaffery
Lawrence F. McCaffery Jr. (born May 13, 1946) is an American literary critic, editor, and retired professor of English and comparative literature at San Diego State University. His work and teaching focuses on postmodern literature, contemporary fiction, and Bruce Springsteen. He also played a role in helping to establish science fiction as a major literary genre.

Fiction International
Fiction International was a literary magazine devoted to innovative forms of fiction and non-fiction which addresses progressive political ideals. Founded at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York by Joe David Bellamy in 1973, the magazine moved to San Diego State University in 1983, where it has been "edited by Harold Jaffe and Larry McCaffery until 1992, when Harold Jaffe assumed sole editorship". Over the years, the magazine published works by Jaffe, J. M. Coetzee, Claribel Alegría, Robert Coover, William S. Burroughs, Alberto Moravia, Malcolm X, Allen Ginsberg, Marguerite Duras, Edmund White, Kathy Acker, Eckhard Gerdes, Sean Gill, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Clarice Lispector, and Roque Dalton.

Fiction International announced that it was ceasing publication after its 56th issue in spring 2023.
Madhav Das Nalapat
Madhav Das Nalapat (b. 1950) is the UNESCO Peace Chair at Manipal University, and Director of the Department of Geopolitics & International Relations. Nalapat has written columns for the Pakistan Observer, United Press International, China Daily, The Diplomat, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Economic and Political Weekly, and Rediff.

M. D. Nalapat is a son of the poet Kamala Surayya.

Kamala Surayya
Kamala Surayya  (born Kamala; 31 March 1934 – 31 May 2009), popularly known by her one-time pen name Madhavikutty and married name Kamala Das, was an Indian poet in English as well as an author in Malayalam from Kerala, India. Her fame in Kerala primarily stems from her short stories and autobiography, My Story, whereas her body of work in English, penned under the pseudonym Kamala Das, is renowned for its poems and candid autobiography. Her works are known for originality, versatility and indigenous flavour of the soil. She was also a widely read columnist and wrote on diverse topics including women's issues, child care, politics, etc. Her liberal treatment of female sexuality, marked her as an iconoclast in popular culture of her generation. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at Jehangir Hospital in Pune.
Cheung Shek (constituency)
Cheung Shek, formerly called Cheung Shan, is one of the 17 constituencies in the Tsuen Wan District. The constituency returns one district councillor to the Tsuen Wan District Council, with an election every four years.

Cheung Shek constituency is loosely based on Cheung Shan Estate and part of the Shek Wai Kok Estate with estimated population of 13,351.

Cheung Shan Estate
Cheung Shan Estate (Chinese: 象山邨) is a public housing estate located between Shek Wai Kok Estate and Lei Muk Shue Estate, and near Shing Mun Valley Park and Shing Mun Tunnels in Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong. Formerly the site of Cheung Pei Shan Temporary Housing Area, it consists of three residential buildings completed in 1978.
To Ngoc Van (crater)
To Ngoc Van is a pit-floored crater on Mercury, named after the Vietnamese artist Tô Ngọc Vân. It was discovered in January 2008 during the first flyby of the planet by MESSENGER spacecraft. Its floor displays an irregularly shaped collapse feature, which is called a central pit. The size of the pit is 21 × 10 km. Such a feature may have resulted from collapse of a magma chamber underlying the central part of the crater. The collapse feature is an analog of Earth's volcanic calderas.  The pit may be evidence of explosive volcanism on the floor of the crater.

To the southeast of To Ngoc Van is Bruegel crater, and to the northwest is Burns.  To the northeast is a large (329 km diameter), unnamed crater of  Tolstojan in age.

Burns (crater)
Burns is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1985. Burns is named for the Scottish poet Robert Burns, who lived from 1759 to 1796. The crater was first imaged by Mariner 10 in 1974.

To the southeast of Burns is the crater To Ngoc Van, which shows evidence of volcanic activity.
Banque Populaire V
Banque Populaire V, (now renamed Spindrift 2) is an offshore-racing trimaran  which was originally run by Team Banque Populaire. It was Team Banque Populaire's fifth boat designed to set oceanic records. She was launched on 4 October 2008 in Nantes, France. She holds multiple records for sailing over set courses, as well as the record for distance sailed in 24 hours by any class of sailing boat, 908.2 nm.

With her 40 m (130 ft) length, she is currently the largest racing trimaran in the world. Her current skipper is Yann Guichard. Her previous skippers are Loick Peyron and Pascal Bidégorry. Her original sponsor was the French bank Banque Populaire. Currently she is owned by Dona Bertarelli & Spindrift Racing and sponsored by Mirabaud Group,  Zenith and Genes-X.

Trimaran
A trimaran (or double-outrigger) is a multihull boat that comprises a main hull and two smaller outrigger hulls (or "floats") which are attached to the main hull with lateral beams. Most modern trimarans are sailing yachts designed for recreation or racing; others are ferries or warships. They originated from the traditional double-outrigger hulls of the Austronesian cultures of Maritime Southeast Asia; particularly in the Philippines and Eastern Indonesia, where it remains the dominant hull design of traditional fishing boats. Double-outriggers are derived from the older catamaran and single-outrigger boat designs.
Philip Banks (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air)
Philip Banks, commonly referred to as Uncle Phil, is a prominent supporting character on the American TV sitcom, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, played by James Avery from 1990 to 1996. A self-made wealthy lawyer, Banks is the uncle of the delinquent Will, and takes Will into his home in posh Bel Air, Los Angeles, following Will's neighborhood troubles in Philadelphia. The character has often been cited as "one of the best TV dads of all time".

In the 2022 reboot series, Bel-Air, the character is played by Adrian Holmes.

Bel-Air (TV series)
Bel-Air is an American drama television series developed by Morgan Cooper, Malcolm Spellman, TJ Brady, and Rasheed Newson. It is a reimagined version of the sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and is based on Cooper's short fan film of the same title. It stars Jabari Banks, Adrian Holmes, Cassandra Freeman, Olly Sholotan, Coco Jones, Akira Akbar, Jimmy Akingbola, Jordan L. Jones, and Simone Joy Jones. The series premiered on Peacock on February 13, 2022, and concluded on December 8, 2025, with 38 episodes broadcast over four seasons. The second season was released on February 23, 2023. In March 2023, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on August 15, 2024. In December 2024, the series was renewed for a fourth and final season which premiered on November 24, 2025.
Feistel cipher
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel, who did pioneering research while working for IBM; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A large number of block ciphers use the scheme, including the US Data Encryption Standard, the Soviet/Russian GOST (aka Magma) and the more recent Blowfish and Twofish ciphers. In a Feistel cipher, encryption and decryption are very similar operations, and both consist of iteratively running a function called a "round function" a fixed number of times.

GOST (block cipher)
The GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89, is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The original standard, published in 1989, did not give the cipher any name, but the most recent revision of the standard, GOST R 34.12-2015, specifies that it may be referred to as Magma. The GOST hash function is based on this cipher. The new standard also specifies a new 128-bit block cipher called Kuznyechik.

Developed in the 1970s, the standard had been marked "Top Secret" and then downgraded to "Secret" in 1990. Shortly after the dissolution of the USSR, it was declassified and it was released to the public in 1994. GOST 28147 was a Soviet alternative to the United States standard algorithm, DES. Thus, the two are very similar in structure.
Clifton, Lancashire
Clifton is a village in the English county of Lancashire and in the district of Fylde. The village is part of the civil parish of Newton-with-Clifton. It is situated on the A583 road, approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) west of its post town, Preston, and 11 miles (18 km) east of Blackpool.

The village is also home to the church of St John the Evangelist, also known as Lund parish church, which is situated on Church Lane, and the Grade II listed Clifton Hall.

Newton-with-Clifton
Newton-with-Clifton is a civil parish in the Borough of Fylde and ceremonial county of Lancashire in England. It had a population of 2,735 at the 2011 census, up from 2,680 in 2001. The parish includes the villages of Clifton, Dowbridge, Newton-with-Scales and Salwick.
Fureai-Shōriki Station
Fureai-Shōriki Station (ふれあい生力駅, Fureai-Shōriki-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Fukuchi, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the third-sector railway operator Heisei Chikuhō Railway.

Fukuchi, Fukuoka
Fukuchi (福智町, Fukuchi-machi) is a town in Tagawa District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2024, the town had an estimated population of 21,201 in 11071 households, and a  population density of 500 persons per km2.  The total area of the town is 42.06 km2 (16.24 sq mi).
Edwina Lau
Edwina Lau Chi-wai, PMSM (Chinese: 劉賜蕙; Jyutping: lau4 ci3 wai6, born 29 July 1965) is a Hong Kong law enforcement administrator currently serving as the head of the National Security Department of the Hong Kong Police Force while also sitting on the Committee for Safeguarding National Security.

National Security Department
The National Security Department (noted as NS) is the national security law enforcement unit within the Hong Kong Police Force. The unit was established in compliance with the Hong Kong national security law passed in June 2020.

The National Security Department is led by a Deputy Commissioner of Police, who is appointed by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. The department may recruit from outside Hong Kong "to provide assistance in the performance of duties for safeguarding national security." The department is supervised by the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Government of Hong Kong and works with the Office for Safeguarding National Security.
Crissolo
Crissolo (Vivaro-Alpine: Criçòl, French: Crusol) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Cuneo, on the border with France. The source of the Po River is located nearby, at 2,020 metres (6,630 ft).

Crissolo borders the following municipalities: Bagnolo Piemonte, Bobbio Pellice, Oncino, Ostana, Pontechianale, Ristolas (France), and Villar Pellice.

A sanctuary dedicated to St. Chiaffredo is located at Crissolo.

Pontechianale
Pontechianale is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Turin and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Cuneo, on the border with France.

Pontechianale borders the following municipalities: Bellino, Casteldelfino, Crissolo, Oncino (Italy), Molines-en-Queyras, Ristolas, Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye, and Saint-Véran (France). Its frazione of Chianale is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
César Phoebus d'Albret, Count of Miossens
César Phoebus d'Albret, comte de Miossens (1614 – 3 September 1676), was a French soldier, a Marshal of France under Louis XIV (his distant cousin), and a court gallant. He was also a cousin of the marquise de Montespan. His faithful attachment to Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin during the Fronde, rather than any military talent, motivated his designation as a marshal of France (1 June 1653). He set aside the name of Miossens for the grander name of Albret.

Marshal of France
Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France, plural Maréchaux de France) is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France).

Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe, and Soult.

The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the French Navy.
Angaradébou
Angaradébou is a town and arrondissement in the Alibori Department of northeastern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Kandi. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 16, 369.

Kandi, Benin
Kandi  [kɑ̃.di] is a town, arrondissement and commune in the Alibori Department of eastern Benin.  Originally a market town, Kandi is now primarily a farming centre.  It lies on the nation's main north-south highway, 650 km (400 mi) from Cotonou and 523 km (325 mi) north of Porto-Novo. The town is the capital of the department of Alibori. The commune covers an area of 3,421 km2 (1,321 sq mi) and as of 2013 had a population of 177,683 people. The town itself had a population of 27,227 in 2002.