hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Halobacillus
Halobacillus is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae. Halobacillus species are gram positive, oxidase positive, catalase negative, rod shaped marine bacteria. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized two species of Halobacillus (Halobacillus kuroshimensis and Halobacillus karajensis) from marine sponges (phylum: porifera) of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Single colonies are pin headed (very small) in sized and opaque in color.

Bacillaceae
Bacillaceae, from Latin "bacillus", meaning "little staff, wand", are a family of gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but certain Bacillus species are known to cause disease in humans.
Feras Antoon
Feras Antoon (Arabic: فراس انطون, romanized: Firas Antūn; born 29 June 1975) is a Syrian-Canadian-French pornographer, and the co-founder of Mindgeek, the world's largest pornography company, which runs sites including Pornhub and RedTube. He created his first porn website in the early 2000s before co-founding Brazzers, which specialized in the MILF segment of porn distribution. He and David Tassillo later bought Manwin (MindGeek, Aylo) from Fabian Thylmann.

Syrian Canadians
Syrian Canadians are Canadians who claim Syrian ancestry and newcomers who have Syrian citizenship. According to the 2016 Census, there were 77,050 Syrian Canadians compared to the 2011 Census where there were 50,840.
General frame
In logic, general frames (or simply frames) are Kripke frames with an additional structure, which are used to model modal and intermediate logics. The general frame semantics combines the main virtues of Kripke semantics and algebraic semantics: it shares the transparent geometrical insight of the former, and robust completeness of the latter.

Field of sets
In mathematics, a field of sets is a mathematical structure consisting of a pair  consisting of a set  and a family  of subsets of  called an algebra over  that contains the empty set as an element, and is closed under the operations of taking complements in  finite unions, and finite intersections.

Fields of sets should not be confused with fields in ring theory nor with fields in physics. Similarly the term "algebra over " is used in the sense of a Boolean algebra and should not be confused with algebras over fields or rings in ring theory.

Fields of sets play an essential role in the representation theory of Boolean algebras. Every Boolean algebra can be represented as a field of sets.
New Brunswick New Democratic Party
The New Brunswick New Democratic Party (NB NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Nouveau-Brunswick) is a social democratic political party in New Brunswick, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party.

1987 New Brunswick general election
The 1987 New Brunswick general election was held on October 13, 1987, to select the 58 members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick of the 51st Legislature of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The Liberal Party won power for the first time since 1967.  They did so in a landslide, winning all 58 seats in the legislature. This feat was only accomplished one other time in Canadian history, in the 1935 Prince Edward Island election.
Simcoe County
Simcoe County is a county and census division located in the central region of Ontario, Canada. The county is located north of the Greater Toronto Area, and forms the northwestern edge of the Golden Horseshoe. The county seat is located in Midhurst. The cities of Barrie and Orillia are geographically within Simcoe County, but are both politically independent single-tier municipalities.

Tiny, Ontario
Tiny, also known as Tiny Township, is a township in Simcoe County, south-central Ontario, Canada.  The Township of Tiny  is in the southern Georgian Bay region and is approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) long or 410 square kilometres (160 sq mi).
Rampage Jackson
Quinton Ramone Jackson (born June 20, 1978), known by his ring name of Rampage Jackson, is an American former mixed martial artist, actor, kickboxer, professional wrestler, and online streamer. During the course of his mixed martial arts (MMA) career, Jackson won the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship, the Bellator Season 10 Light Heavyweight Tournament Championship, and unified the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship with the Pride FC World Middleweight Championship belt. Due to his eccentric personality and aggressive fighting style, Jackson became a star in Japan during his tenure with Pride FC and following his move to the UFC, he helped pioneer MMA's growth into a worldwide sport.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Pilėnai
Pilėnai (also Pillenen in German) was a hill fort in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Its location is unknown and is subject to academic debates, but it is well known in the history of Lithuania due to its heroic defense against the Teutonic Order in 1336. Attacked by a large Teutonic force, the fortress, commanded by Duke Margiris, tried in vain to organize a defense against the larger and stronger invader. Losing hope, the defenders decided to burn their property and commit mass suicide to deprive the Order of prisoners and loot (cf. scorched earth). This dramatic episode from the Lithuanian Crusade has caught the public imagination, inspired many works of fiction, and became a symbol of Lithuanian struggles and resistance.

Mass suicide
Mass suicide is a form of suicide, occurring when a group of people simultaneously kill themselves. Mass suicide sometimes occurs in religious settings. In war, defeated groups may resort to mass suicide rather than being captured. Suicide pacts are a form of mass suicide that are sometimes planned or carried out by small groups of depressed or hopeless people. Mass suicides have been used as a form of political protest.

Attitudes towards mass suicide change according to place and circumstance. People who resort to mass suicide rather than submit to what they consider intolerable oppression sometimes become the focus of a heroic myth. Such mass suicides might also win the grudging respect of the victors. On the other hand, the act of people resorting to mass suicide without being threatened – especially, when driven to this step by a charismatic religious leader, for reasons which often seem obscure – tends to be regarded far more negatively.
William Hickey (memoirist)
William Hickey (30 June 1749 – 31 May 1830) was an English lawyer, but is best known for his vast Memoirs, composed in 1808–10 and published between 1913 and 1925, which in their manuscript form cover 750 closely-written folio pages. Described by Peter Quennell as "One of the most remarkable books of its kind ever published in the English Language", Hickey's Memoirs give an extraordinarily vivid picture of life in late 18th-century London, Calcutta, Madras and Jamaica which stands comparison with the best of his near-contemporary James Boswell.

Peter Quennell
Sir Peter Courtney Quennell CBE (9 March 1905 – 27 October 1993) was an English biographer, literary historian, editor, essayist, journalist, poet and critic. He wrote extensively on social history. In his Times obituary he was described as "the last genuine example of the English man of letters". Anthony Powell called him "The Last of the Mandarins".
1963 San Francisco State Gators football team
The 1963 San Francisco State Gators football team represented San Francisco State College—now known as San Francisco State University—as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1963 NCAA College Division football season. Led by third-year head coach Vic Rowen, San Francisco State compiled an overall record of 6–2–1 with a mark of 3–1–1 in conference play, sharing the FWC title with Humboldt State and UC Davis. The Gators won or shared the title for the conference for third consecutive season. The team outscored its opponents 157 to 128 on the season. The Gators played home games at Cox Stadium in San Francisco.

1963 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team
The 1963 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State College—now known as California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt—as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1963 NCAA College Division football season. Led by 13th-year head coach Phil Sarboe, the Lumberjacks compiled an overall record of 6–1–2 with a mark of 3–1–1 in conference play, sharing the FWC title with San Francisco State and UC Davis. The team outscored opponents 138 to 54 for the season and shut out five opponents. Humboldt State played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California.
Arnolis Weerasooriya
Arnolis (Arnold) Alexander Weerasooriya (Sinhala :අර්නෝලිස් වීරසූරිය; 20 September 1854 – 18 May 1888) was the first Ceylonese Colonel of the Salvation Army, also serving as Second in Command of the Indian sub-continent 1887–1888. He was a member of the Weerasooriya family of Dodanduwa and Hikkaduwa, and he is understood to be the first Sinhalese member of the Salvation Army.

David Paynter (artist)
David Shillingford Paynter RA OBE (5 March 1900 – 7 June 1975), was an internationally renowned Sri Lankan painter. He was a pioneer creator of a Sri Lankan idiom in what was essentially a Western art form. His most celebrated works are his murals at the Trinity College Chapel in Kandy and the Chapel of the Transfiguration, at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. The Sri Lanka Philatelic Bureau commemorated Christmas in 1996 with two stamps featuring the murals from the Trinity Chapel.
Breguet's thermometer
Breguet's thermometer, also called a spiral thermometer, is a type of thermometer which uses the expansion of metal under heat to produce a measurement more sensitive, and with a higher range, than both mercury and air thermometers. Working on the principle of a bimetallic strip, it consists of a very slender strip of platinum soldered to a similar strip of silver, with a slip of gold soldered in between.

The strips of soldered metals are curved into a helix (a). The upper extremity of the helix is fastened to a metallic support (c) and the lower extremity is connected to an index, which projects over a graduated circle (b).

The expansion of silver with temperature is almost twice as great as platinum, with gold being somewhere in between. The result is that a temperature rise or fall will cause a corresponding twist in the spiral, moving the index. The slip of gold in between is to prevent "sudden starts".

Bimetallic strip
A bimetallic strip or bimetal strip is a strip that consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated. The different expansion rates cause the strip to bend one way if heated, and in the opposite direction if cooled below its initial temperature. Thus, a bimetal strip converts a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The metal with the higher coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outer side of the curve when the strip is heated and on the inner side when cooled. Common applications include temperature sensing (thermometer) and regulation (thermostat).

The invention of the bimetallic strip is generally credited to John Harrison, an eighteenth-century clockmaker who made it for his third marine chronometer (H3) of 1759  to compensate for temperature-induced changes in the balance spring. Harrison's invention is recognized in the memorial to him in Westminster Abbey, England.
Mongolia–Russia relations
Mongolia–Russia relations have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when the Soviet Union supported the Mongolian People's Republic since its establishment in 1924. Mongolia and Russia remain allies in the post-communist era. Russia has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and two consulates general (in Darkhan and Erdenet). Mongolia has an embassy in Moscow, three consulates general (in Irkutsk, Kyzyl, and Ulan Ude), and a branch in Yekaterinburg. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (Russia is a participating state, while Mongolia is a partner).

According to a 2017 survey, 90% of Mongolians have a favorable view of Russia (38% "strongly" and 52% "somewhat" favorable), with 8% expressing a negative view (2% "strongly" and 6% "somewhat" unfavorable).

Embassy of Mongolia, Moscow
The Embassy of Mongolia in Moscow (Mongolian: Монгол улсаас ОХУ-д суугаа элчин сайдын жагсаалт; Russian: Посольство Монголии в России) is the chief diplomatic mission of Mongolia in the Russian Federation. It is located at 11 Borisoglebsky Lane (Russian: Борисоглебский пер., 11) in Moscow. The current ambassador is U.Enkhtuvshin, who presented his credentials in September 2022.
Hilal Alsahil SC
Hilal Al-Sahil Sports Club (Arabic: نادي هلال الساحل الرياضي) is a Sudanese football club founded in 1937 in Port Sudan. They played in the top division in Sudanese football, Sudan Premier League. Their home stadium is Stade Port Sudan. Their rival is Hay al-Arab, a team also based in Port Sudan.

Port Sudan Stadium
Port Sudan International Stadium (Arabic: استاد بورتسودان الدولي) is a multi-use stadium in Port Sudan, Sudan. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Hay Al-Arab SC and Hilal Alsahil SC. The stadium has a capacity of 20,000. It hosted the 2011 African Nations Championship which was held in Sudan.
Anthony Way
Anthony Way (born 14 December 1982) is an English chorister and classical singer, who rose to fame after appearing as a chorister in a BBC TV series. He has since had success as a recording artist, with gold and platinum discs to his credit.

Tom's Midnight Garden (film)
Tom's Midnight Garden is a 1999 British-American family fantasy film directed by Willard Carroll and starring Nigel Le Vaillant, Marlene Sidaway and Serena Gordon. The screenplay (by Willard Carroll) concerns a boy who discovers a secret garden. The film was based on the novel Tom's Midnight Garden by Philippa Pearce, and filmed at Chenies Manor House in Buckinghamshire. The film was produced by Hyperion Pictures.
Susanne Boll
Susanne Boll is a Professor for Media Informatics and Multimedia Systems in the Department of Computing Science at the University of Oldenburg, Germany. and is a member of the board at the research institute OFFIS.  She is a member of SIGMM and SIGCHI of the ACM as well as the German Informatics Society GI. She founded and directs the HCI Lab at the University of Oldenburg and OFFIS.

Her research is positioned at the intersection of human-computer interaction (HCI) and interactive multimedia.

OFFIS
The Oldenburger OFFIS - Institut für Informatik (OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology) is a research institute located in the city of Oldenburg, Germany. The institute was founded on July 6, 1991, and works closely together with the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. OFFIS is an application-oriented research and development institute and a center of excellence for selected areas of information technology and its fields of application.
Fredrick Richard Senanayake
Fredrick Richard Senanayake (known to as F. R. Senanayake)  (October 20, 1882 – January 1, 1926) was a Ceylonese lawyer and independence activist. A leading member of the Sri Lankan independence movement, he was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council and became a barrister of independent Sri Lanka in 1947. D. S. Senanayake, who would go on to lead Sri Lanka's independence movement, was his younger brother.

Sri Lankan independence movement
The Sri Lankan independence movement was a peaceful political movement which was aimed at achieving independence and self-rule for the country of Sri Lanka, then British Ceylon, from the British Empire. The switch of powers was generally known as peaceful transfer of power from the British administration to Ceylon representatives, a phrase that implies considerable continuity with a colonial era that lasted 400 years. It was initiated around the turn of the 20th century and led mostly by the educated middle class. It succeeded when, on 4 February 1948, Ceylon was granted independence as the Dominion of Ceylon. Dominion status within the British Commonwealth was retained for the next 24 years until 22 May 1972 when it became a republic and was renamed the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.
Dodd-Walls Centre
The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies (Māori: Te Whai Ao) is a New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, established in 2015, hosted by the University of Otago, and composed of researchers in six New Zealand universities as well as partner institutions in the US, United Kingdom, and Singapore. It does fundamental research on the quantum nature of matter, the physics and optics of light, and the manipulation of individual photons. New knowledge and applications are commercialised for industries including agritech, medicine, and civil engineering.

Mikkel Andersen (physicist)
Mikkel F. Andersen is a physicist, Associate Professor at the University of Otago, and an investigator at the Dodd-Walls Centre in Dunedin, New Zealand. His research deals with ways to capture fast-moving atoms.
Missouri Route 174
Route 174 is a 20.740-mile (33.378 km) state highway in Lawrence and Greene counties in Missouri, United States, that connects Missouri Route 30 (Route 39) in Mount Vernon with U.S. Route 60 / Missouri Route 413 (US 60 / Route 413) in Republic.

U.S. Route 166
U.S. Route 166 (US 166) is a 164-mile (264 km) east–west United States highway.  This route and US 266 are the only two remaining spurs of historic U.S. Route 66 (which was decommissioned in 1985), since US 666 was renumbered to US 491 in 2003.

US 166 meets the old route of US 66, now designated US 69 Alternate, in Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas.
Mombaruzzo
Mombaruzzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Asti.

Mombaruzzo borders the following municipalities: Bruno, Carentino, Cassine, Castelnuovo Belbo, Fontanile, Frascaro, Gamalero, Maranzana, Nizza Monferrato, Quaranti, and Ricaldone.

Mombaruzzo is known for the "Amaretti of Mombaruzzo".

Ricaldone
Ricaldone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 650 and an area of 10.6 square kilometres (4.1 sq mi).

Ricaldone borders the following municipalities: Acqui Terme, Alice Bel Colle, Cassine, Maranzana, Mombaruzzo, Quaranti, and Strevi.
Montana Highway 87
Montana Highway 87 (MT 87) is a primary state highway in Madison County in Montana, United States. The highway travels through mainly rural areas in Raynolds Pass, from the Montana–Idaho state line to an intersection with U.S. Route 287 (US 287). The route travels through a portion of Gallatin National Forest. In 1922, a road in the location of MT 87 was added to the highway system, and a few years later the road was designated as portions of two early auto trails. In 1959, the route was rapidly improved due to the collapse of US 287 nearby. During 1967, much of the highway was reconstructed along its current location.

U.S. Route 287 in Montana
U.S. Route 287 (US 287) is a 281.183-mile (452.520 km) north-south U.S. Numbered Highway in Montana, United States, that connects Yellowstone National Park's West Entrance to U.S. Route 89 in Choteau, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canadian border.
Bozzolo
Bozzolo (Mantovano: Bosul) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Mantua.

Bozzolo borders the following municipalities: Acquanegra sul Chiese, Calvatone, Marcaria, Rivarolo Mantovano, San Martino dall'Argine, Tornata. Writer Lucrezia Gonzaga, daughter of local condottiero Pirro Gonzaga, was born here in 1522.

Rivarolo Mantovano
Rivarolo Mantovano (Mantovano: Riaröl), known as Rivarolo di Fuori until 1907, is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Mantua. Established by duke Vespasiano I Gonzaga in the late 16th century, the town has a squared plan and perpendicular roads.

Rivarolo Mantovano borders the following municipalities: Bozzolo, Casteldidone, Piadena, Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti, San Martino dall'Argine, Spineda, Tornata.
American prison literature
American prison literature is literature written by Americans who are incarcerated. It is a distinct literary phenomenon that is increasingly studied as such by academics.

In the words of Arnold Erickson:

Prison has been a fertile setting for artists, musicians, and writers alike. Prisoners have produced hundreds of works that have encompassed a wide range of literature. [...] Books describing the prison experience, including the Autobiography of Malcolm X, inspired an audience far outside the prison walls. The importance of these works has been recognized in this country's highest courts. See Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Crime Victims Board, 502 U.S. 105, 121-122 (1991)(citing works by prisoners).

Prison literature
Prison literature is the literary genre of works written by an author in unwilling confinement, such as a prison, jail or house arrest. The writing can be about prison, informed by it, or simply incidentally written while in prison. It could be a memoir, nonfiction, or fiction.
Nicole Sanderson
Nicole Hannan (née Sanderson, born 1 April 1976) is an Australian former beach volleyball player.

Sanderson started her career in indoor volleyball where played for Pepperdine University, in the United States. In 1998, she competed for the first time in FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour where she took part until the 2006 season.

Her best World Tour result was a second place in Osaka, Japan, alongside Natalie Cook in 2004. That year they have been selected to represent Australia at the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens. Cook had won the gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Olympics (with Kerri Pottharst) and they won a bronze medal at the 2003 Beach Volleyball World Championships in Rio de Janeiro. They finished the Olympics in 4th place after losing the bronze medal match to Americans Holly McPeak and Elaine Youngs.

Holly McPeak
Holly McPeak (born May 15, 1969) is an American retired indoor and beach volleyball player. McPeak was three-times an Olympian in beach volleyball. In the professional circuit, she garnered 72 career beach volleyball titles, with career earnings of US$1.4 million. She is ranked third in titles won (behind Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) and second in career earnings (behind May-Treanor) for female professional beach volleyball players. She won a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics with partner Elaine Youngs. Though McPeak was considered short for a beach volleyball player at 5 feet 7 inches in height, she was one of the toughest players to beat on the tour.