hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prosecution of Offences Act 1884
The Prosecution of Offences Act 1884 (47 & 48 Vict. c. 58) was an act of the United Kingdom Parliament. Its main purpose was to modify the original Prosecution of Offences Act 1879, merging the roles of Director of Public Prosecutions and Treasury Solicitor (Section 2), though it also put in place a requirement for Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners and District Superintendents of the Metropolitan Police, Commissioners of the City of London Police, Chief Constables and the heads of every other county, city and borough police forces in England to report to the Director (Sections 3–4). Its Section 2 was itself repealed by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1908, again splitting the two roles.

Prosecution of Offences Act 1908
The Prosecution of Offences Act 1908 (8 Edw. 7. c. 3) was an act of the United Kingdom Parliament passed in 1908.

Its section 1 repealed section 2 of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1884, thus splitting the offices of Director of Public Prosecutions and Treasury Solicitor. That section of the 1908 act also removed the upper bar on his salary enacted in the Prosecution of Offences Act 1879 and reiterated the minimum experience of ten years for directors and seven years for his assistants from the 1879 act. The 1908 act's section 2 made other minor amendments to the 1879 act as well as substituting the director for the Treasury Solicitor in the section of the Coinage (Offences) Act 1861 relating to the costs of prosecutions.
Small t intron
The small T intron is an intron, that is used in some plasmid vectors, in order to induce gene expression in mammalian cells.

Plasmid vectors are circular strands of DNA, found in virions, that are used in genetic engineering to integrate new genes into a host cell genome.

Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons.

Introns are found in the genes of most eukaryotes and many eukaryotic viruses, and they can be located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns, group II introns, and spliceosomal introns (see below). Introns are rare in Bacteria and Archaea (prokaryotes).
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Kentucky
This is a list of properties and historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Kentucky. Latitude and longitude coordinates of the 35 sites listed on this page may be displayed in a map or exported in several formats by clicking on one of the links in the adjacent box.

National Register sites elsewhere in Jefferson County are listed separately.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted July 11, 2025.

Anchorage, Kentucky
Anchorage is a home rule-class city in eastern Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2,500 as of the 2020 census, up from 2,348 at the 2010 census and an estimated 2,432 in 2018. It is an independent municipality surrounded by Louisville Metro and is one of the wealthiest communities in Kentucky.
Cabinet of Kenya
The Cabinet of the Republic of Kenya is made up of the elected President and Deputy President, together with the appointed Attorney General, and Cabinet Secretaries. Cabinet Secretaries are nominated by the President and approved by Parliament, following vetting procedure. Once approved, they can be reshuffled at the President's discretion.

Article 152 of the Constitution of Kenya sets the procedure for appointment confirmation and dismissal of cabinet secretaries. It provides that there shall be a minimum of 14 and a maximum of 22 cabinet secretaries. A Cabinet Secretary is not a member of the Kenyan Parliament and has to be vetted by a parliamentary committee before their appointment.

Constitution of Kenya
The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya. There have been three significant versions of Kenya's constitution, with the most recent being the one promulgated in 2010. The constitution was presented to the Attorney General of Kenya on 7 April 2010, officially published on 6 May 2010, and was subjected to a referendum on 4 August 2010. The new Constitution was approved by 67% of Kenyan voters. The constitution was promulgated on 27 August 2010, marking an historic chapter in Kenya's governance.

The 2010 new constitution of Kenya enshrined power to the citizens of Kenya and fundamentally reshaped the country's governance landscape in several ways included the introduction of a devolved system of governance, Checks on Executive Power, Expanded Bill of Rights and Judicial Independence.
Carlisle, Indiana
Carlisle is a town in Haddon Township, Sullivan County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Carlisle had a population of 625. It is part of the Terre Haute Metropolitan Statistical Area. Carlisle is home to the Wabash Valley Correctional Facility.

Sullivan County, Indiana
Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana, and determined by the US Census Bureau to include the mean center of U.S. population in 1940. As of 2023, the population was estimated at 20,757. The county seat (and the county's only incorporated city) is Sullivan. Sullivan County is included in the Terre Haute metropolitan area.
Williams, Arizona
Williams is a city in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, located west of Flagstaff. As of the 2020 census, Williams had a population of 3,202. It lies on the routes of Historic Route 66 and Interstate 40. It is also the southern terminus of the Grand Canyon Railway, which takes visitors to Grand Canyon Village.

Also known as the "Gateway to the Grand Canyon", Williams was the last city on Historic Route 66 to be bypassed by Interstate 40.

The Historic Downtown District covers six square blocks.

Old Bill Williams
William Sherley "Old Bill" Williams (January 3, 1787 – March 14, 1849) was a noted mountain man and frontiersman, known as Lone Elk to the Native Americans. Fluent in several languages, Williams served as an interpreter for the government and led several expeditions to the West.  He married into the Osage Nation, having two children who both married John Allen Mathews.
Sedge Thomson
Sedge Thomson is an American radio personality, impresario, writer and film producer.  He is best known as the host of the popular Saturday morning radio variety show West Coast Live. West Coast Live was named "Most Innovative Radio Show" by NY Radio Festival 2012–2013. 
Thomson has become known for his likeable and ever-curious personality, and also for his red shoes.

Sylvia Brownrigg
Sylvia Alderyn Brownrigg (born December 16, 1964) is an American author. She is the author of seven books of fiction and a family memoir. Brownrigg's books have been on The New York Times notable fiction lists and Los Angeles Times and Kirkus books of the year. Her children's book, Kepler's Dream, published under the name Juliet Bell, was turned into an independent film in 2017. She won a Lambda Literary Award in 2002 for Pages for You and published the sequel to that book in 2017. Brownrigg's  reviews and criticism have appeared in a wide range of publications, including The New York Times Book Review, The Times Literary Supplement, The Guardian, New Statesman, Los Angeles Times, and The Believer.
Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society
Swedish Agency for Youth and Civil Society (Swedish: Myndigheten för ungdoms- och civilsamhällesfrågor, MUCF) is a Swedish government agency which deals with youth policy and issues relating to Swedish civil society. Magnus Jägerskog is the Director General since 2025.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
Vientiane Rescue
Vientiane Rescue is a volunteer-run rescue service in Vientiane, Laos. Responding to over 5,760 road accidents annually (2015 figures), Vientiane Rescue is the largest such service in the country. It is made up of over 200 volunteers, eight ambulances, a fire-fighting unit, a scuba rescue team as well as hydraulic rescue and excavation teams.

Vientiane Rescue was among the six recipients of the 2016 Ramon Magsaysay Award.

Vientiane
Vientiane{{efn|/viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ vee-EN-tee-AHN; Lao: ວຽງຈັນ, Viangchan, pronounced [wíaŋ tɕàn] is the capital of Laos. Comprising the 5 urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture, the city is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the border with Thailand. Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 census.

Vientiane is the home of Pha That Luang, an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Other Buddhist temples can be found there, such as Haw Phra Kaew, which formerly housed the Emerald Buddha.

The city is rated as 'suffiency' by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean). The distinction is most important in regression analysis, where the concepts are sometimes called the regression errors and regression residuals and where they lead to the concept of studentized residuals.
In econometrics, "errors" are also called disturbances.

Expected value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, expectation operator, mathematical expectation, mean, expectation value, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average.

The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration.

The expected value of a random variable X is often denoted by , , or , with E also often stylized as ,  or E.
Akron Public Schools
Akron Public Schools is a school district serving students in Akron, Ohio, United States, and nearby communities. It is in northeastern Ohio, less than 40 miles (64 km) south of Cleveland and 20 miles (32 km) north of Canton. The district encompasses 54.4 sq mi (141 km2) and includes, as of the 2024–25 school year, eight high schools, nine middle schools, 31 elementary schools, and three administration buildings. About 20,000 students are enrolled. The district employs 2,800 full-time and 1700 part-time employees. Its annual budget exceeds $559 million.

National Inventors Hall of Fame STEM High School
The National Inventor's Hall of Fame STEM High School is a public high school in the Akron Public School District. It has served the city of Akron, Ohio, United States since its creation in 2012. The school's colors are turquoise and chrome. Its predecessor was Central-Hower High School, which served Akron from 1970 until its closure at the end of the 2005–06 school year. The Central-Hower building, constructed in 1975, with an auditorium dating from 1923, is owned by the University of Akron, which purchased the property in 2012.
Kilmaurs Place
Kilmaurs Place, The Place or Kilmaurs House, is an old mansion house and the ruins of Kilmaurs Tower grid reference NS41234112 are partly incorporated, Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The house stands on a prominence above the Carmel Water and has a commanding view of the surrounding area. Once the seat of the Cunningham Earls of Glencairn, it ceased to be the main residence after 1484 when Finlaystone became the family seat. Not to be confused with Kilmaurs Castle that stood on the lands of Jocksthorn Farm.

Clan Cunningham
Clan Cunningham is a Scottish clan. The traditional origins of the clan are placed in the 12th century. However, the first contemporary record of the clan chiefs is in the thirteenth century. The chiefs of the Clan Cunningham supported Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Clan Cunningham feuded with the Clan Montgomery. Historically, the chief of Clan Cunningham held the title of Earl of Glencairn. However, in modern times the chief of the clan is Cunningham of Corsehill. On 18 December 2013, Sir John Christopher Foggo Montgomery Cunninghame, Baronet of Corsehill, was recognized by Lord Lyon as Clan Chief after the chiefship had been vacant for over 200 years.
Great Road Historic District
The Great Road Historic District is a historic district in Lincoln, Rhode Island, commemorating a portion of Rhode Island's oldest highway, dating back to 1683.  Great Road served as the main connection between Providence, Hartford and Worcester during colonial times.  The district includes a 0.6-mile (0.97 km) section of the road, which winds along the Moshassuck River between a junction with Breakneck Hill Road and another with Front Street.  Notable historic properties along this stretch of road include the National Historic Landmark Eleazer Arnold House, a stone-ender built in 1687, which is now a museum operated by Historic New England, the 1812 Moffett Mill, the Israel Arnold House, and Hearthside, the 1810 home of Stephen Smith, who established the adjacent Butteryfly Mill in 1811.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Israel Arnold House
The Israel Arnold House is an historic house on Great Road in Lincoln, Rhode Island.  It is a 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure, set on a hillside lot on the south side of Great Road.  The main block is five bays wide, with a central chimney rising through the gable roof.  A 1+1⁄2-story gambrel-roofed ell extends to one side.  The ell is the oldest portion of the house, built c. 1720 by someone named Olney.  The main block was built c. 1760.  The house was owned into the 20th century by four generations of individuals named Israel Arnold.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1970.
M.A.S.K. (TV series)
M.A.S.K. is a 1985 science fiction animated television series produced by DIC and ICC TV Productions, Ltd. The series was based on the action figures of the same name produced by Kenner Products. It was animated in Japan by Ashi Productions, Studio World and K.K. DiC Asia (later known as K.K. C&D Asia).

M.A.S.K. (franchise)
M.A.S.K. (acronym for "Mobile Armored Strike Kommand") is a media franchise created by Kenner. The main premise revolved around the fight between the titular protagonist underground task force and the terrorist organization V.E.N.O.M. (Vicious Evil Network Of Mayhem). After its initial launch in 1985, the franchise spawned a variety of products and presentations, including four series of action figures, an animated television series, video games, and comics; as of 2018, a live-action theatrical film is in development by Hasbro and Paramount.
Scientific reserves of New Zealand
A scientific reserve is a type of New Zealand protected area owned by the New Zealand Government and administered by the Department of Conservation as an area for scientific research and education.

Scientific reserves are established under the Reserves Act 1977 " for the purpose of protecting and preserving in perpetuity for scientific study, research, education, and the benefit of the country, ecological associations, plant or animal communities, types of soil, geomorphological phenomena, and like matters of special interest.".

Land Information New Zealand lists 51 recreation reserves on its website. Entry to part of all of these reserves is limited to those with specific permits.

Protected areas of New Zealand
Protected areas of New Zealand are areas that are in some way protected to preserve their environmental, scientific, scenic, historical, cultural or recreational value. There are about 10,000 protected areas, covering about a third of the country. The method and aims of protection vary according to the importance of the resource and whether it is publicly or privately owned.

Nearly 30 percent of New Zealand's land mass is publicly owned with some degree of protection. Most of this land – about 80,000 square kilometres (31,000 sq mi) – is administered by the Department of Conservation. There are 13 national parks, thousands of reserves, 54 conservation parks, and a range of other conservation areas.

The department also manages 44 offshore and coastal marine reserves. Any development in Coastal Marine Areas, which extend up to the mean high water spring mark and up to a kilometre up rivers, require a resource consent under the Resource Management Act.
John de Surdis
John de Surdis (Hungarian: De Surdis János, Italian: Giovanni de Surdis; died 1378) was an Italian-born Hungarian prelate in the 14th century. He served as Bishop of Vác from 1363 to 1375, Bishop of Győr from 1375 to 1376, then Archbishop of Esztergom from 1376 until his death. After acquiring the castle of Lipovec, his family elevated into the Hungarian nobility, and he was also known as John of Lipovec (Hungarian: Lipoveci János) thereafter.

Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest
The Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest (Latin: Archidioecesis Strigoniensis–Budapestinensis; Hungarian: Esztergom-Budapesti főegyházmegye) is a Latin Church archdiocese and primatial seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary and the metropolitan see of one of Hungary's four Latin Church ecclesiastical provinces.

The archdiocese's archbishop retains the title of "Primate", which gives this see precedence over all other Latin Hungarian dioceses, including the fellow Metropolitan Archbishops of Eger, Kalocsa–Kecskemét and Veszprém, but the incumbent may be individually (and temporarily) outranked if one of them holds a (higher) cardinalate. Its current Archbishop is Péter Erdő.
Battle of the Spurs
The Battle of the Spurs or (Second) Battle of Guinegate took place on 16 August 1513. It formed a part of the War of the League of Cambrai of 1508 to 1516, during the Italian Wars. King Henry VIII of England and Emperor Maximilian I were besieging the  French town of Thérouanne in Artois (now Pas-de-Calais). Henry's camp was at Guinegate (present-day Enguinegatte). A large body of French heavy cavalry under Jacques de La Palice was covering an attempt by light cavalry to bring supplies to the besieged garrison. English and Imperial troops surprised and routed the French cavalry. The battle resulted in the precipitate flight and extensive pursuit of the French. During the pursuit, a number of notable French leaders and knights were captured. After the fall of Thérouanne, Henry VIII besieged and took Tournai.

George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury
George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, 4th Earl of Waterford, 10th Baron Talbot, KG, KB, PC (c. 1468 – 26 July 1538) was the son of John Talbot, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, and Lady Catherine Stafford, daughter of the 1st Duke of Buckingham. He also held the subsidiary titles of 13th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 9th Baron Furnivall.
2021–22 EFL Trophy
The 2021–22 EFL Trophy, known as the Papa Johns Trophy for sponsorship reasons, the 41st season in the history of the competition, was a knock-out tournament for clubs in EFL League One and League Two, the third and fourth tiers of the English football league system, as well as the "Academy teams" of 16 Premier League clubs with Category One status.

Rotherham United won the title after beating Sutton United 4–2 after extra time in the final on 3 April 2022. Sunderland were the defending champions, but they were knocked out in the Second Round by Oldham Athletic.

2022 EFL Trophy final
The 2022 EFL Trophy Final (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2022 Papa Johns Trophy) was a football match played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 3 April 2022. It decided the winners of the 2021–22 EFL Trophy, the 38th edition of the competition, a knock-out tournament for the 48 teams in League One and League Two and 16 category one academy sides. Rotherham United beat Sutton United 4–2 after extra time. Sutton led 2–1 going into injury time at the end of the second half before Jordi Osei-Tutu scored a 96th-minute equaliser; Chiedozie Ogbene and Michael Ihiekwe then scored in extra time to give Rotherham their second EFL Trophy title.
José Antonio Castro
José Antonio Castro González (born 11 August 1980) is a Mexican former professional footballer and current manager of the Mexico national under-15 team. He gained notoriety for his performances with Club América and at the 2006 FIFA World Cup for Mexico. He is often referred to by his nickname "El Gringo", given to him in his childhood because his parents are both Spanish, and his blue eyes.

2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the tenth edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup competition, and the twentieth soccer championship of North America, Central America and the Caribbean (CONCACAF). It was played from July 3 to 26, 2009 in the United States. This competition was the fourth tournament without guests from other confederations. Mexico won their fifth Gold Cup, and eighth CONCACAF Championship overall, after beating the United States 5–0 in the final. It was the second consecutive Gold Cup final and fourth overall to feature Mexico and the United States and the third won by Mexico.