hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Covariance operator
In probability theory, for a probability measure P on a Hilbert space H with inner product , the covariance of P is the bilinear form Cov: H × H → R given by

for all x and y in H. The covariance operator C is then defined by

(from the Riesz representation theorem, such operator exists if Cov is bounded). Since Cov is symmetric in its arguments, the covariance operator is
self-adjoint.

Even more generally, for a probability measure P on a Banach space B, the covariance of P is the bilinear form on the algebraic dual B#, defined by

where  is now the value of the linear functional x on the element z.

Quite similarly, the covariance function of a function-valued random element (in special cases is called random process or random field) z is

where z(x) is now the value of the function z at the point x, i.e., the value of the linear functional  evaluated at z.

Covariance function
In probability theory and statistics, the covariance function describes how much two random variables change together (their covariance) with varying spatial or temporal separation. For a random field or stochastic process Z(x) on a domain D, a covariance function C(x, y) gives the covariance of the values of the random field at the two locations x and y:

The same C(x, y) is called the autocovariance function in two instances: in time series (to denote exactly the same concept except that x and y refer to locations in time rather than in space), and in multivariate random fields (to refer to the covariance of a variable with itself, as opposed to the cross covariance between two different variables at different locations, Cov(Z(x1), Y(x2))).
Brenda Villa
Brenda Villa (born April 18, 1980) is an American accomplished water polo player. She is the most decorated athlete in the world of women’s water polo. Villa was named Female Water Polo Player of the Decade for 2000-2009 by the FINA Aquatics World Magazine. She is one of four female players who competed in water polo at four Olympics; and one of two female athletes who won four Olympic medals in water polo. She is a leading goalscorer in Olympic water polo history, with 31 goals. In 2018, she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame and the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame.

United States women's national water polo team
The United States women's national water polo team represents the United States in international women's water polo competitions and friendly matches. It is one of the leading teams in the world since the late 1990s. Women's water polo has been on the international stage since 1978 and was an exhibition sport at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics coached by Sandy Nitta before being introduced as a full medal sport in 2000.

On March 27, 2009, USA Water Polo named Adam Krikorian the head coach of the United States women's national team. Krikorian was the UCLA men's and women's water polo team head coach.
Eric Allandale
Eric Allandale (born Eric Allandale Dubuisson 4 March 1936 – 23 August 2001) was a trombonist, songwriter, and bandleader. During the 1960s, he was in number of bands in various genres which included jazz pop and soul.

Midnite Follies Orchestra
Midnite Follies Orchestra was formed in Britain in 1978, by jazz musicians Keith Nichols and Alan Cohen, dedicated to recreating standards by some of early jazz musicians. The orchestra more or less disbanded in the 1990s. The Midnite Follies Orchestra had showcased a variety of musicians over the years, including Nick Stevenson, Digby Fairweather, Alan Elsdon, Dave Savill, Laurie Chescoe, Keith Greville, Randolph Colville, Olaf Vas, Mac White, Will Hastie, John Barnes, Gordon Blundy and Peter Strange. During the orchestra's active years, it was often featured on BBC television and radio.
Oppstrynsvatnet
Oppstrynsvatnet (known locally as Strynevatnet) is a lake in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Stryn (the administrative centre of the municipality). The villages of Flo, Oppstryn, and Erdal are located on the shores of the lake.

The lake has an area of 22.92 square kilometres (8.85 sq mi) and is surrounded by many large mountains and glaciers which feed into the lake.  The main outflow of the lake is the river Stryneelva which flows west into the Nordfjorden.

Some of the local attractions include the Jostedalsbreen nasjonalparksenter, Jostedalsbreen National Park, the mountain Skåla, and the glacier Tindefjellbreen. The Norwegian National Road 15 highway runs along the southern shore of the lake. Oppstryn Church sits right on the shore overlooking the lake.

Stryneelva
Stryneelva is a river in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It has a length of about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi), starting from the lake Oppstrynsvatn, assuming a meandering course through the Strynedalen valley and reaching the Nordfjorden at the village of Stryn. The river is among the best salmon rivers in Norway.
Bellinzago Lombardo
Bellinzago Lombardo (Milanese: Bellinzagh, locally Billinzagh) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.

Bellinzago Lombardo borders the following municipalities: Gessate, Inzago, Gorgonzola, Pozzuolo Martesana.

Inzago
Inzago (Italian: [inˈdzaːɡo]; Lombard: Inzagh or Inzaa [ĩˈsaː(k)]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Milan.

Inzago borders the following municipalities: Pozzo d'Adda, Masate, Gessate, Cassano d'Adda, Bellinzago Lombardo, Pozzuolo Martesana.

The brothers Luca, Disma, Adolfo, and Polibio Fumagalli were all born in Inzago. All were composers; Adolfo, Luca, and Disma were pianists, and Polibio was an organist.  Also born in Inzago were the supercentenarian Maria Redaelli, the architect Giuseppe Boretti, the Venerable Benigno Calvi, and the cyclist Gabriele Missaglia.
National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture
The National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture (Ukrainian: Націона́льна акаде́мія образотво́рчого мисте́цтва і архітекту́ри, НАОМА) is an art university in Kyiv, Ukraine specialising in visual arts and architecture. It has departments of painting, sculpture, illustration, graphic design, stage design, architecture, art conservation, art management.

Fedir Krychevsky
Fedir Hryhorovych Krychevsky (Ukrainian: Федір Григорович Кричевський; May 22 [O.S. May 10] 1879– July 30, 1947) was a Ukrainian early modernist painter. He was the brother of graphic designer Vasyl Krychevsky.
CESC Tunnel
The CESC Tunnel is situated under the Hooghly River in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. This is the first underwater tunnel in Asia, completed in 1931. It is used for electric power transmission from Kolkata to Howrah.

CESC Limited
The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC) is the Kolkata-based flagship company of the RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group, born from the erstwhile RPG Group, under the chairmanship of businessman Sanjiv Goenka. It is an Indian electricity generation and the sole distribution company serving 567 square kilometres (219 sq mi) of area administered by the Kolkata municipal corporation, in the city of Kolkata, as well as parts of Howrah, Hooghly, 24 Parganas (North) and 24 Parganas (South) districts in the state of West Bengal. It also serves power distribution in Kota, Bikaner and Bharatpur in Rajasthan under the name CESC RAJASTHAN. It serves 3.0 million consumers approximately, which includes domestic, industrial and commercial users.
Kitselas First Nation
Kitselas First Nation is the band government of the Kitselas subgroup of the Tsimshian.  The band government is based at Gitaus in the Skeena Valley (near Kitselas, British Columbia, which is named for them) in the Skeena River valley to the northeast of the city of Terrace, British Columbia, Canada.  Though there is no Tsimshian tribal council, they are a participant in the Tsimshian First Nations treaty council.

Kitselas
Kitselas (Tsimshian: Gitselasu, lit. 'people of the Canyon') are one of the 14 tribes of the Tsimshian nation of British Columbia, in northwestern Canada. The original name Gits'ilaasü means "people of the canyon." The tribe is situated at Kitselas, British Columbia, at the upper end of Kitselas Canyon, which is on the Skeena River. It was once a great trading nexus, just outside and upriver from the city of Terrace. It is the most upriver of the 14 tribes and it borders the territory of the Gitxsan nation.
Ocean rowing
Ocean rowing is the sport of rowing across oceans. Some ocean rowing boats can hold as many as fourteen rowers; however, the most common ocean rowboats are designed for singles, doubles, and fours.

The history of ocean rowing is divided into two eras by the Ocean Rowing Society International, the official adjudicator of ocean rowing records for Guinness World Records. The first fourteen ocean rows, up to and including 1981, are considered historic ocean rows as they were completed with very limited, if any, modern technology. All subsequent rows are described as modern-day rows.

Peter Bird (rower)
Peter Bird (19 February 1947 – 1996) was a British ocean rower who, in 1983, became the first person to row non-stop and solo across the Pacific from east to west when he completed his journey from America to Australia.
Fox Islands Electric Cooperative
Fox Islands Electric Cooperative is a utility cooperative based in Vinalhaven, Maine.
The cooperative provides electricity for the residents of Penobscot Bay islands North Haven and Vinalhaven. Vinalhaven is home to the Fox Islands Wind Project's three 1.5 MW turbines, which provide electricity for both islands and compose the largest community wind energy facility on the East Coast of the United States.

Vinalhaven, Maine
Vinalhaven is a town in Knox County, Maine, United States. Its town limits include the island of Vinalhaven, the largest of the Fox Islands, and smaller islands, some accessible from Vinalhaven Island by bridge or causeway. The population was 1,279 at the 2020 census. It is home to a thriving lobster fishery and hosts a summer colony. Since there is no bridge to the island, Vinalhaven is primarily accessible from Rockland via an approximately 75-minute state ferry ride across West Penobscot Bay, or by air taxi from Knox County Regional Airport.
Ectomobile
The Specialised Electronical Vehicular Device (also known as the Ectomobile, Ecto-1) is a custom-built vehicle from the Ghostbusters franchise. It appears in the films Ghostbusters (1984), Ghostbusters II (1989), Ghostbusters (2016), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021), Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire (2024), in the animated television series: The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters, and in the video games Ghostbusters: The Video Game and Ghostbusters: Spirits Unleashed.

Ray Stantz
Raymond Stantz, PhD, is a fictional character from the Ghostbusters franchise. He appears in the films Ghostbusters (1984), Ghostbusters II (1989), Casper (1995, as a cameo), Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021) and Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire (2024), the animated television series The Real Ghostbusters and Extreme Ghostbusters, and the video games Beeline's Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters: The Video Game (2009), Planet Coaster (2019), Ghostbusters: Spirits Unleashed (2022) and Ghostbusters: Rise of the Ghost Lord (2024). He was portrayed by Dan Aykroyd in five live action films, and voiced by Frank Welker in the animated series. He is a member of the Ghostbusters and one of the three Columbia University professors of parapsychology, along with Dr. Peter Venkman and Dr. Egon Spengler.
Matt Preston
Matt Preston (born 21 July 1961) is an English-Australian food critic, writer, food journalist, television and radio presenter.

Preston has a weekly national food column that appears in NewsCorp's metro newspapers. He is also a senior editor for delicious. and Taste magazines, and the author of at least four best-selling cookbooks.

Previously he was host of Saturday Mornings on ABC Radio Melbourne, judge on Network Ten's MasterChef Australia between 2009 and 2019, and judge on Seven Network's My Kitchen Rules in 2022.

MasterChef Australia series 11
The eleventh series of the Australian cooking game show MasterChef Australia premiered on 29 April 2019 on Network 10. It was the final season where Gary Mehigan, George Calombaris and Matt Preston served as judges.

This series was won by Larissa Takchi in the grand finale against Tessa Boersma and Simon Toohey, broadcast on 23 July 2019.
Dick Trickle
Richard Leroy Trickle (October 27, 1941 – May 16, 2013) was an American race car driver. He raced for decades around the short tracks of Wisconsin, winning many championships along the way. Trickle competed in the ASA, ARTGO, ARCA, All Pro, IMCA, NASCAR, and USAC.

In more than an estimated 2,200 races, Trickle logged one million laps and is believed to have won over 1,200 feature races. He was billed as the winningest short track driver in history. Trickle's career highlights include racing to 67 wins in 1972, winning seven ARTGO Championships in nine years between 1979 and 1987, winning back to back ASA AC-Delco Challenge championships in 1984 and 1985, the 1968 USAC Stock Car rookie of the year, and winning the 1989 NASCAR Rookie of the Year award in the Winston Cup Series. Trickle was nicknamed the "White Knight" as referenced by his sponsored SuperAmerica paint scheme, when he raced in Wisconsin.

Slinger Speedway
The Slinger Super Speedway (also known as Slinger Speedway) is a quarter-mile paved oval automobile race track with 33-degree banked corners located in Slinger, Wisconsin. The track is billed as the "World's Fastest Quarter Mile Oval."  The current track record was set by Jeff Bloom in a 410 extreme winged sprint car on August 21, 2010 at a time of 9.908 seconds. This is the first lap record under 10 seconds on a quarter mile oval track of any type, breaking Anderson Speedway's 10.28 second lap record. Bloom's lap eclipsed the track record set by USAC midget car driver Tracy Hines on May 17, 2008 at an elapsed time of 10.845 seconds. The lap was the fastest ever midget car lap on an asphalt quarter mile track. He eclipsed the long-standing mark of 11.095 seconds set by Tony Strupp's late model on June 12, 1994. Strupp's 31 year old record for Super Late models was broken By Steve Apel who ran the first ever sub 11 second super late model lap with a time of 10.994 on May 18, 2025
USS Shelton (DE-407)
USS Shelton (DE-407) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for Ensign James A. Shelton, (a naval aviator who was reported missing during the Battle of Midway), she was the first of two U.S. Naval vessels to bear the name.

Shelton's keel was laid down on 1 November 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding of Houston, Texas. The destroyer escort was launched on 18 December 1943, sponsored by Mrs. John Shelton, and commissioned on 4 April 1944. After fitting out and loading stores, Shelton steamed out of port on 21 April, in company with Edmonds bound for Bermuda on her shakedown cruise. Upon completion, she underwent post-shakedown availability at the Boston Navy Yard from 25 May – 15 June. She departed Boston on 16 June en route to San Diego via New York City, Hampton Roads, and Balboa, Panama Canal Zone.

John C. Butler-class destroyer escort
The John C. Butler class were destroyer escorts that originated during World War II. The lead ship was USS John C. Butler, commissioned on 31 March 1944. The class was also known as the WGT type from their Westinghouse geared turbine drive. Of the 293 ships originally planned, 206 were canceled in 1944 and a further four after being laid down; three were not completed until after the end of World War II.
Cardboard Cavalier
Cardboard Cavalier is a 1948 British historical comedy film directed by Walter Forde and starring Sid Field, Margaret Lockwood and Jerry Desmonde. It was written by Noel Langley.

It was the last film for Forde and Field. Field died of a heart attack shortly after the film was released.

Nell Gwyn
Eleanor Gwyn (also spelled Gwynn, Gwynne, Gwin; 2 February 1650 – 14 November 1687) was an English stage actress and celebrity figure of the Restoration period. Praised by Samuel Pepys for her comic performances as one of the first actresses on the English stage, she became best known for being a longtime mistress of King Charles II of England.

Called "pretty, witty Nell" by Pepys, she has been regarded as a living embodiment of the spirit of Restoration England, and has come to be considered a folk heroine, with a story echoing the rags-to-royalty tale of Cinderella. Gwyn had two sons by King Charles: Charles Beauclerk (1670–1726) and James Beauclerk (1671–1680). Charles Beauclerk was created Earl of Burford and Duke of St Albans; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans is her descendant, and the current holder of the title.
Battle of Montaperti
The Battle of Montaperti was fought on 4 September 1260 between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Florentines were routed. It was the bloodiest battle fought in medieval Italy, with more than 10,000 fatalities. An act of treachery during the battle is recorded by Dante Alighieri in the Inferno section of the Divine Comedy.

Farinata degli Uberti
Manente degli Uberti (1212 – 11 November 1264), known as Farinata degli Uberti, was an Italian aristocrat, knight, and military leader of the Ghibelline faction in Florence. He was considered to be a heretic by some of his contemporaries, including Dante Alighieri, who mentioned Farinata in his Inferno.
Qixinggang station
Qixinggang is a station on Line 1 and Line 10 of Chongqing Rail Transit in Chongqing Municipality, China. It is located in Yuzhong District. Line 1 opened in 2011 and Line 10 opened in 2023.

Line 18, under construction, will also serve the station in future.

Yuzhong, Chongqing
Yuzhong District (渝中区) is the central district and heart of Chongqing municipality. It is the capital of the municipality and is also the political, economical, and entertainment center of the city of Chongqing. Located in the central portion of Yuzhong is the Jiefangbei CBD, a leading business and financial center of western China.

Surrounded on three sides by water, Yuzhong is effectively a peninsula between the Jialing and Yangtze Rivers. Due to the limited space, its hilly nature, and the fact that it is the main central business district for Chongqing, Yuzhong contains some of the tallest skyscrapers in China and is the most densely populated district in the municipality.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the relocated headquarters of the Nationalist Government were located in Yuzhong.
Copeland Islands
The Copeland Islands is a group of three islands in the north Irish Sea, north of Donaghadee, County Down, Northern Ireland, consisting of Lighthouse Island (also known as Old Island), Copeland Island (also known as Big Island) and Mew Island. They lie within the civil parish of Bangor.

Along with Lambay Island and Ireland's Eye off County Dublin, the islands are the only other one of the 258 sometime inhabited islands of Ireland which lie on the east coast.

Bangor (civil parish)
Bangor (from Irish Beannchar, meaning 'uncertain') is a civil and ecclesiastical parish in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is located in the north of the Ards Peninsula, consisting of 30 townlands, twenty-two and a half of which lie in the barony of Ards Lower, with seven and a half lying within that of Castlereagh Lower. Its ancient monastery was of ecclesiastical importance.

It is bordered by the civil parishes of Donaghadee to the east, Newtownards to the south, and Holywood to the west.
Fluid replacement
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tissue. Fluids administered by the oral and hypodermic routes are absorbed more slowly than those given intravenously.

Volume expander
A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery.
Cusabo
The Cusabo were a group of American Indian tribes who lived along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in what is now South Carolina, approximately between present-day Charleston and south to the Savannah River, at the time of European colonization. English colonists often referred to them as one of the Settlement Indians of South Carolina, tribes who "settled" among the colonists.

Five of the groups were recorded by the settlers as having spoken a common language, although one distinctly different from the major language families known nearby, such as Algonquian, Iroquoian, Muskogean, and Siouan. With the English settling on their land at Charleston beginning in the 17th century, the Cusabo developed a chafing relationship with the colony that persisted through the early 18th century. After the Yamasee War of 1715 surviving tribal members migrated to join the Muscogee or Catawba.

Santee (South Carolina)
The Santee were a historic tribe of Native Americans that once lived in South Carolina within the counties of Clarendon and Orangeburg, along the Santee River. The Santee were a small tribe even during the early eighteenth century and were primarily centered in the area of the present-day town of Santee, South Carolina.  Their settlement along the Santee River has since been dammed and is now called Lake Marion. The Santee Indian Organization, a state-recognized tribe within South Carolina claim descent from the historic Santee people but are not presently federally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Groove Theory (album)
Groove Theory is the only studio album by the American R&B duo Groove Theory, released on October 24, 1995, by Epic Records. The album peaked at number sixty-nine on the US Billboard 200 chart. In October 1996, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for surpassing 500,000 copies in the United States.

Amel Larrieux
Amel Eliza Larrieux (née Stowell; born March 8, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and keyboardist. Larrieux rose to fame in the mid-1990s as a founding member of the duo Groove Theory along with Bryce Wilson. After leaving the group in 1999, she released her debut solo album, Infinite Possibilities, the following year on Epic Records.

In late 2003, Larrieux and her husband, producer Laru Larrieux, founded the independent label Blisslife Records, on which she has released four albums so far. Larrieux cites Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, Sade, Rickie Lee Jones, Stevie Wonder, Shawn Colvin, Chaka Khan, John Lennon, Patrice Rushen, Jimi Hendrix, and Joni Mitchell as her musical influences.
Ajay Kumar Poddar
Ajay Kumar Poddar is an Indian politician from Bharatiya Janata Party. In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Kulti (constituency). He defeated Ujjal Chatterjee of All India Trinamool Congress by 679 votes in 2021 West Bengal Assembly election.

Ujjal Chatterjee
Ujjal Chatterjee (born 1959) is an Indian politician from West Bengal. He is a former member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Kulti Assembly constituency in Paschim Bardhaman district. He won the 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election representing the All India Trinamool Congress.