hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Native Americans and reservation inequality
Native American reservation inequality underlies a range of societal issues that affect the lives of Native American populations residing on reservations in the United States. About one third of the Native American population, about 700,000 people, lives on an Indian Reservation in the United States. Reservation poverty and other discriminatory factors have led to persisting social inequality on Native American reservations. Disparities between many aspects of life at the national level and the reservation level, such as quality of education, quality of healthcare, substance use disorders, teenage pregnancy, violence, and suicide rates are significant in demonstrating the inequality of opportunities and situations between reservations and the rest of the country.

Indian Health Service
The Indian Health Service (IHS) is an operating division (OPDIV) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). IHS is responsible for providing direct medical and public health services to members of federally recognized Native American Tribes including American Indian and Alaska Native people. IHS is the principal federal health care provider and health advocate for Native people in the United States.

The IHS provides health care in 37 states to approximately 2.2 million out of 3.7 million American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). As of April 2017, the IHS consisted of 26 hospitals, 59 health centers, and 32 health stations. Thirty-three urban Indian health projects supplement these facilities with various health and referral services. Several tribes are actively involved in IHS program implementation. Many tribes also operate their health systems independent of IHS. It also provides support to students pursuing medical education to staff Indian health programs.
Henry II of Niemodlin
Henry II of Niemodlin (Polish: Henryk II niemodliński) (1374 – 22 December 1394) was a Duke of Strzelce and Niemodlin since 1382 until his death (with his brothers as co-rulers and only formally).

He was the third son of Duke Bolko III of Strzelce by his wife Anna, probably daughter of Duke Jan I of Oświęcim.

Bolko III of Strzelce
Bolko III of Strzelce (also known as of Opole; Polish: Bolko III Strzelecki (or Opolski); c. 1337 – 21 October 1382) was a Duke of Opole during 1356–1370 (with his brothers as co-rulers) and Duke of Strzelce from 1375 until his death.

He was the second son of Duke Bolko II of Opole by his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Bernard of Świdnica.
Utah Phillips
Bruce Duncan "Utah" Phillips (May 15, 1935 – May 23, 2008) was an American labor organizer, folk singer, storyteller and poet. He described the struggles of labor unions and the power of direct action, self-identifying as an anarchist. He often promoted the Industrial Workers of the World in his music, actions, and words.

Hobo
A hobo is a migrant worker in the United States. Hobos, tramps, and bums are generally regarded as related, but distinct: a hobo travels and is willing to work; a tramp travels, but avoids work if possible; a bum neither travels nor works.
Codford railway station
Codford railway station was an intermediate station on the Salisbury branch line of the Great Western Railway built along the Wylye valley to connect Warminster and Salisbury to serve the surrounding villages, and situated along the lane from Codford St Peter to Boyton.

Salisbury branch line (Great Western Railway)
The Salisbury branch line of the Great Western Railway from Westbury to Salisbury in Wiltshire, England, was completed in 1856.  Most of the smaller stations were closed in 1955 but the line remains in use as part of the Wessex Main Line.
Concert Classics, Vol. 4
Concert Classics is a live album originally recorded for radio broadcast by the band U.K.
This album was originally released without the approval of the band, thus it was considered a bootleg.

The album was recorded on 11 July 1978 at Paradise Theatre, Boston, Massachusetts and released on CD in 1999. This album was also re-released in Japan on CD in 2007 as Live in Boston. It has also been released as Live in America. On those later editions the sleeve notes date the concert as September 11, 1978 performed at Paradise Theatre, Boston. There is no specific date given on the Concert Classics edition.

Although this album was originally released without the band's permission, it was finally given an official release in 2016 as part of the box-set Ultimate Collector's Edition.

Ultimate Collector's Edition
Ultimate Collectors' Edition is a compilation box set by the band U.K., released on 4 November 2016. The set includes 14 CDs, 4 Blu-rays and a 66-page book detailing the band's history. The CDs include: remastered versions of the band's two studio albums (U.K. and Danger Money), each with an extra disc containing songs in pre-production form; an extended, 2-CD version of the Night After Night live album featuring a complete show, and a remaster of the original version; a remixed version of Reunion – Live in Tokyo, three concerts from 1978 (In Boston, Philadelphia and Cleveland), two bonus discs with interviews with John Wetton and Eddie Jobson, and the band's final concert from 1979 (In the Netherlands).

The four Blu-ray discs present the albums U.K., Danger Money, the extended Night After Night and Reunion.
Gode (woreda)
Gode (Godey) is a woreda in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, named after its major town, Gode. Part of the Gode Zone, Gode is bordered on the south by the Shebelle River which separates it from Adadle, on the northwest by Imiberi, on the north by Danan, on the northeast by the Korahe Zone, and on the southeast by Kelafo.

The average elevation in this woreda is 358 meters above sea level. As of 2008, Gode has 125 kilometers of all-weather gravel road and 630 kilometers of community roads; about 3.53% of the total population has access to drinking water.

Reports of the parts of the Somali Region affected by flash floods in 2006 use the DPPA's description of the Gode woreda. Gode was very severely affected, and losses reported for this woreda include 10 deaths 333 hectares of cropland ruined.

Imiberi
Imiberi (Somali: Iimeey Bari) is one of the woredas in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gode Zone, Imiberi is bordered on the southwest by the Shebelle River which separates it from the Afder Zone, on the north by the Fiq Zone, on the east by Danan, and on the southeast by Gode. The largest town in this woreda is East Imi.
Namco System 246
The Namco System 246 is a development of the Sony PlayStation 2 technology as a basis for an arcade system board. It was released in December 2000 on its first game Bloody Roar 3. Like the Sega NAOMI, it is widely licensed for use by other manufacturers. Games such as Battle Gear 3  and Capcom Fighting Evolution are examples of System 246-based arcade games that are not Namco products.

Battle Gear
Battle Gear (バトル・ギア), previously known as Side by Side (サイド・バイ・サイド), is a series of racing video games developed and published by Taito, first released in arcades with Side by Side in 1996. The series was later released for various home consoles, such as the PlayStation and PlayStation 2.
Oslo Forum
The Oslo Forum convenes senior conflict mediators, high level decision makers, key peace process actors, analysts and experts in an informal and discreet retreat to share their experiences, identify challenges and reflect on mediation practice." The retreat is held annually in June in Oslo, Norway, and is co-hosted by the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), a private diplomacy organisation based in Switzerland. Participation is by invitation-only. All discussions take place under the Chatham House Rule.

Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), otherwise known as the Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, works to prevent and resolve armed conflicts around the world through mediation and discreet diplomacy.
A non-profit organisation based in Switzerland, HD was founded in 1999 on the principles of humanity, impartiality and independence. HD is supervised by an independent board, regularly reports to donors and undergoes financial audits every year.

HD was awarded the Carnegie Wateler Peace Prize for 2022 "for its track record of finding the means, including mediation, to bring parties together and end conflicts”.
Retraction Watch
Retraction Watch is a blog that reports on retractions of scientific papers and on related topics. The blog was launched in August 2010 and is produced by science writers Ivan Oransky (Former Vice President, Editorial Medscape) and Adam Marcus (editor of Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News). Its parent organization is The Center for Scientific Integrity (CSI), a US 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.

Ivan Oransky
Ivan Oransky (born 1972) is an American physician and journalist. He co-founded the blog Retraction Watch in 2010 to document retractions in academic publishing and has since campaigned for greater transparency and accountability in research publishing. He is known for his advocacy of scientific integrity by tracking research misconduct and promoting institutional reforms. His opinions and statistics on scientific misconduct have been described in the media.
Väisälä (crater)
Väisälä is a tiny lunar impact crater located on a rise in the Oceanus Procellarum. Sharing the same continental island are the brilliant crater Aristarchus to the south-southeast and Herodotus to the south-southwest. Väisälä lies just to the west of the Rupes Toscanelli fault line, and the Rimae Aristarchus rille system. To the southwest is the notable Vallis Schröteri cleft.

Aristarchus (crater)
Aristarchus is a lunar impact crater that lies in the northwest part of the Moon's near side. It is considered the brightest of the large formations on the lunar surface, with an albedo nearly double that of most lunar features. The feature is bright enough to be visible to the naked eye, and displays unusually bright features when viewed through a large telescope. It is also readily identified when most of the lunar surface is illuminated by earthshine. The crater is deeper than the Grand Canyon.

The crater is named after the Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos. It is located at the southeastern edge of the Aristarchus plateau, an elevated area that contains a number of volcanic features, such as sinuous rilles. This area is also noted for the large number of reported transient lunar phenomena, as well as recent emissions of radon gas as measured by the Lunar Prospector spacecraft.
Lodhran District
Lodhran District (Saraiki: ضِلع لودهراں), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with the city of Lodhran as its capital. Located on the northern side of the River Sutlej, it is bounded to the north by the districts of Multan, Khanewal and Vehari, to the south by Bahawalpur, to the east lie the districts of Vehari and Bahawalpur; while district Multan lies on the western side.

Lodhran was split off as a separate district from Multan in 1991. It has the lowest Human Development Index of all districts in Punjab, and is among the thirty poorest districts in Pakistan.: 85  It is a well-known cotton-growing area.

Vehari District
Vehari District ( Punjabi: ضلع وہاڑی) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Vehari is the capital of district while Burewala is the largest city and Jallah Jeem is the third largest city of the district.
Leo Triplet
The Leo Triplet (also known as the M66 Group) is a small group of galaxies about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo.  This galaxy group consists of the spiral galaxies M65, M66, and NGC 3628.

Leo (constellation)
Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ is one of the constellations of the zodiac, between Cancer, the Crab, to the west and Virgo, the Maiden, to the east. It is located in the Northern celestial hemisphere. Its name is Latin for lion, and to the ancient Greeks represented the Nemean Lion killed by the mythical Greek hero Heracles as one of his twelve labors. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♌︎). One of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, Leo remains one of the 88 modern constellations today, and one of the most easily recognizable due to its many bright stars and a distinctive shape that is reminiscent of the crouching lion it depicts.
6-Methoxymellein
6-Methoxymellein is a dihydroisocoumarin, a phenolic compound found in carrots and carrot purées. It is responsible for bitterness in carrots. It is a phytoalexin, induced in carrot slices by UV-C, that allows resistance to Botrytis cinerea and other microorganisms.

Naturally occurring phenols
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.: 104  Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants.
Theft Act
Theft Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom which relates to theft and other offences against property.

The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Theft Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Theft Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation on that subject.

See also Larceny Act.

Larceny Act
Larceny Act (with its variations) is a stock short title which was formerly used for legislation in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland relating to larceny and other offences against property.

The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a Larceny Bill during its passage through Parliament.

Larceny Acts may be a generic name either for legislation bearing that short title or for all legislation on that subject.
Mosty u Jablunkova
Mosty u Jablunkova (until 1949 Mosty; Polish: Mosty koło Jabłonkowaⓘ, German: Mosty bei Jablunkau) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,600 inhabitants. The municipality has a significant Polish minority.

Cieszyn Silesia
Cieszyn Silesia, Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish: Śląsk Cieszyński [ˈɕlɔ̃sk tɕɛˈʂɨj̃skʲi] ⓘ; Czech: Těšínské Slezsko [ˈcɛʃiːnskɛː ˈslɛsko] ⓘ or Těšínsko [ˈcɛʃiːnsko] ⓘ; German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River. Since 1920 it has been divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic. It covers an area of about 2,280 square kilometres (880 sq mi) and has about 810,000 inhabitants, of which 1,002 square kilometres (387 sq mi) (44%) is in Poland, while 1,280 square kilometres (494 sq mi) (56%) is in the Czech Republic.

The historical boundaries of the region are roughly the same as those of the former independent Duchy of Cieszyn. Currently, over half of Cieszyn Silesia forms one of the euroregions, the Cieszyn Silesia Euroregion, with the rest of it belonging to Euroregion Beskydy.
Helium-4
Helium-4 (4He) is a stable isotope of the element helium. It is by far the more abundant of the two naturally occurring isotopes of helium, making up virtually all the helium on Earth. Its nucleus consists of two protons and two neutrons and is identical to an alpha particle.

Big Bang nucleosynthesis
In physical cosmology, Big Bang nucleosynthesis (also known as primordial nucleosynthesis, and abbreviated as BBN) is a model for the production of light nuclei (including, but not limited to, 2H, 3He, 4He, and 7Li) during the first ~20 minutes of the evolution of the universe.  The predictions of BBN rely on a combination of thermodynamic arguments and measurements of rates of nuclear reactions that are expected to be active in the early universe. Refined models tend to agree well with observations of these light element abundances. The model is one of the key concepts in standard cosmology.

Elements heavier than lithium are instead created in appreciable amounts at later times via stellar nucleosynthesis, through the formation, evolution and death of stars.
First London
First London was a bus company operating services in east, west and south-east London, England. It was a subsidiary of FirstGroup and operated buses under contract to Transport for London. It was formed in the late 1990s through the acquisition of three London bus operators. First London's garages were sold off between December 2007 and June 2013 with the last closing in September 2013.

Tower Transit
Tower Transit Operations Limited, trading as Tower Transit, is a bus company in the United Kingdom and is the UK subsidiary of Australian-based Kelsian Group. The company was originally formed as a subsidiary of Transit Systems in 2013 to operate bus services in East and West London under contract to Transport for London. It no longer operates these London services since 2022, with the West London operations transferred to its joint venture RATP Dev Transit London in December 2021 and their remaining operations sold to Stagecoach London in June 2022. The company subsequently acquired bus services in the Channel Islands and Liverpool and still operates those services as of 2025.
Gmina Rzeczyca
Gmina Rzeczyca is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Rzeczyca, which lies approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) north-east of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and 61 km (38 mi) east of the regional capital Łódź.

The gmina covers an area of 108.29 square kilometres (41.8 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,971.

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Spała Landscape Park.

Spała Landscape Park
Spała Landscape Park (Spalski Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in central Poland, established in 1995, covering an area of 128.75 square kilometres (49.71 sq mi). It takes its name from the village of Spała.

The Park lies within Łódź Voivodeship: in Opoczno County (Gmina Opoczno, Gmina Poświętne, Gmina Sławno) and Tomaszów Mazowiecki County (Gmina Czerniewice, Gmina Inowłódz, Gmina Lubochnia, Gmina Rzeczyca, Gmina Tomaszów Mazowiecki).

Within the Landscape Park are five nature reserves.

There are three nature reserves on its territory: Konewka, Spała and Żądłowice. The next three reserves are located in the park's buffer zone: Jeleń, Sługocice and Gać Spalska.
Pioglitazone
Pioglitazone, sold under the brand name Actos among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It may be used with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin. Use is recommended together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include headaches, muscle pains, inflammation of the throat, and swelling. Serious side effects may include bladder cancer, low blood sugar, heart failure, and osteoporosis. Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is in the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class and works by improving sensitivity of tissues to insulin.

Pioglitazone was patented in 1985, and came into medical use in 1999. It is available as a generic medication. In 2023, it was the 133rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4 million prescriptions. It was withdrawn in France and Germany in 2011.

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
The Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (武田薬品工業株式会社, Takeda Yakuhin Kōgyō kabushiki gaisha) [takeꜜda jakɯçiŋ koꜜːɡʲoː] is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company. It is the third largest pharmaceutical company in Asia, behind Sinopharm and Shanghai Pharmaceuticals, and one of the top 20 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by revenue (top 10 following its merger with Shire). The company has over 49,578 employees worldwide and achieved US$19.299 billion in revenue during the 2018 fiscal year. The company is focused on oncology, rare diseases, neuroscience, gastroenterology, plasma-derived therapies and vaccines. Its headquarters is located in Chuo-ku, Osaka, and it has an office in Nihonbashi, Chuo, Tokyo. In January 2012, Fortune Magazine ranked the Takeda Oncology Company as one of the 100 best companies to work for in the United States. As of 2015, Christophe Weber was appointed as the CEO and president of Takeda.
Springtown, Cumberland County, New Jersey
Springtown is an unincorporated community in Greenwich Township, in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Springtown is located approximately 6 mi (9.7 km) west of Bridgeton, New Jersey.

Springtown, and the nearby community of Othello, were both founded shortly after the American Revolution by African Americans.

Greenwich Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey
Greenwich Township (/ˈɡriːnwɪtʃ/) is the westernmost township in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 771, a decrease of 33 (−4.1%) from the 2010 census count of 804, which in turn reflected a decline of 43 (−5.1%) from the 847 counted in the 2000 census. It is part of the Vineland-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and which constitutes a part of the Delaware Valley.
1980 Copa del Rey final
The 1980 Copa del Rey final was the 78th final of the King's Cup, Spain's premier football competition. The final was played at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, on 4 June 1980, and was won by Real Madrid, who beat their own reserve team Castilla 6–1.

Real Madrid Castilla
Real Madrid Castilla Club de Fútbol or Real Madrid B is a Spanish football team that plays in Primera Federación – Group 1. It is Real Madrid's reserve team. They play their home games at the Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium with a capacity of 6,000 seats.

Reserve teams in Spain play in the same league system as their senior team rather than a separate league. Reserve teams, however, cannot play in the same division as their senior team. Therefore, Real Madrid Castilla are ineligible for promotion to the La Liga as long as Real Madrid plays there. Consequently, they must play at least one level below their main side and they are not eligible to play in the Copa del Rey. In addition, only under-23 players, or under-25 players with a professional contract, can switch between senior and reserve teams.
2012 Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council election
The 2012 Basingstoke and Deane Council election was held on 3 May 2012 to elect members of  Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council in Hampshire, England. 21 out of 60 seats were up for reelection; Popley East had two council seats up for reelection. The Conservative Party retained control of the council with 32 out of 60 seats, losing one seat to the Labour Party in Buckskin and losing another seat in Bramley and Sherfield to an Independent. Labour overtook the Liberal Democrats to become the largest opposition party and won two seats from them in Brighton Hill South and Brookvale and Kings Furlong.

Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council elections
One third of Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council in Hampshire, England is elected each year, followed by one year without election. Since the last boundary changes in 2021, 54 councillors have been elected from 18 wards.