hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company
The Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company (WMR or W&MR Co.) was a private railway company that operated the railway between Thorndon in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, and Longburn, near Palmerston North in the Manawatū between 1885 and 1908. The company and its railway were acquired by the New Zealand Government Railways (NZR or NZGR) in 1908, and integrated into the NZGR system.

New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.
Varaldsøy
Varaldsøy is an island (and village) in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 45.4-square-kilometre (17.5 sq mi) island is the largest island in the Hardangerfjorden. Most of the inhabitants live on the southern tip of the island in the village of Varaldsøy, where Varaldsøy Church is located. The 600-metre (2,000 ft) tall mountain Øyefjellet is the highest point on the island.

Varaldsøy Church
Varaldsøy Church (Norwegian: Varaldsøy kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located at Våge on the southern part of the island of Varaldsøy. It is the church for the Varaldsøy parish which is part of the Sunnhordland prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1885 using plans drawn up by the architects Conrad Fredrik von der Lippe and Hans Heinrich Jess. The church seats about 390 people.
Trdelník
Trdelník (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̩dɛlɲiːk]; or rarely trdlo, trozkol, or chimney cake) is a kind of spit cake and variant of Kürtőskalács. It is made from dough that is wrapped around a stick, then baked and topped with sugar and walnut mix.

Spit cake
A spit cake is a European-styled cake made with layers of dough or batter deposited, one at a time, onto a tapered cylindrical rotating spit. The dough is baked by an open fire or a special oven, rotisserie-style. Generally, spit cakes are associated with celebrations such as weddings and Christmas. The spit can be dipped in a thin dough, or the dough can be poured or rolled on the spit.

This cake group may have originated in the classical era, around 400 BC, when similar large cakes were prepared on spits for Dionysiac feasts. In the Deipnosophistae, the Ancient Greek writer Athenaeus (c. 170 – c. 230) describes some of the bread, cakes, and pastries available in classical times. Among the breads mentioned are griddle cakes, honey-and-oil bread, mushroom-shaped loaves covered in poppy seeds, and the military specialty of rolls baked on a spit.
Rumer Willis
Rumer Glenn Willis (born August 16, 1988) is an American actress. The eldest daughter of actors Bruce Willis and Demi Moore, she made her acting debut opposite her mother in the coming-of-age drama Now and Then (1995). She subsequently appeared in films such as Striptease (1996), Hostage (2005), The House Bunny (2008), Sorority Row (2009), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). She portrayed Gia Mannetti on The CW teen drama series 90210 (2009–2010) and Tory Ash on the FOX musical drama series Empire (2017–2018). Willis won season 20 of the ABC dance competition television series Dancing with the Stars, and made her Broadway debut as Roxie Hart in the musical Chicago on September 21, 2015.

Valentin Chmerkovskiy
Valentin Aleksandrovich "Val" Chmerkovskiy (born March 24, 1986) is a Ukrainian-American professional dancer, best known for his appearances on the U.S. version of Dancing with the Stars, which he has won three times. Chmerkovskiy is a two-time World Latin Dance Champion (Junior and Youth) and a 14-time U.S. National Latin Dance champion.
Ada'a
Ada'a is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is part of the former Ada'a Chukala woreda what was divided between Ada'a and Liben woredas. Part of the East Shewa Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Ada'a is bordered on the south by Dugda Bora, on the west by the West Shewa Zone, on the northwest by Akaki, on the northeast by Gimbichu, and on the east by Lome.

Gimbichu
Gimbichu (Oromo: Gimbichuu, Amharic: ግንቢቹ) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Shewa Zone, Gimbichu is bordered on the south by Lome, on the southwest by Ada'a Chukala, on the northwest by the Amhara Region, and on the north bordering North Shewa Zone. The administrative center is Chefe Donsa.
Mecha anime and manga
Mecha, also known as giant robot or simply robot, is a genre of anime and manga that feature mecha in battle. The genre is broken down into two subcategories; "super robot", featuring super-sized, implausible robots, and "real robot", where robots are governed by realistic physics and technological limitations.

Mecha series cover a wide variety of genres, from action to comedy to drama, and the genre has expanded into other media, such as video game adaptations. Mecha has also contributed to the popularity of scale model robots.

Tetsujin 28-go
Tetsujin 28-gō (Japanese: 鉄人28号, Hepburn: Tetsujin Nijūhachi-gō; lit. "Iron Man No. 28"), known as simply Tetsujin 28 in international releases, is a 1956 manga written and illustrated by Mitsuteru Yokoyama, who would also create Giant Robo. The series centers on the adventures of a young boy named Shotaro Kaneda, who controls a giant robot named "Tetsujin 28", built by his late father.

The manga was later adapted into four anime television series, a Japanese television drama and two films, one live action and one animated. Released in 1963, the series was among the first Japanese anime series to feature a giant robot. It was later released in the United States as Gigantor. A live-action movie with heavy use of CGI was produced in Japan in 2005.

The series is credited with featuring the first humanoid giant robot controlled externally via remote control by an operator, making Tetsujin 28-go the first to popularized the mecha genre in Japan prior to Mazinger Z in 1972.
King's Mill, Settle
The King's Mill is a historic building in Settle, North Yorkshire, a town in England.

The building was constructed by John Procter in about 1830 as a cotton mill.  In the late 19th century, it was extended to the left.  The mill was divided in two during the early 20th century, then in 1945 was reunited under the ownership of Langcliffe Paper Mills.  They used the mill to manufacture cards for Jacquard machines.  Production ended in 1980, after which the building was used by the company for storage.  In 1996, they sold the mill for conversion into housing.

The mill has been grade II listed since 1988.  It is built of stone with eaves modillions, and a stone slate roof. It has four storeys, and is 13 bays wide. It contains doorways, windows and former loading doors.

Settle, North Yorkshire
Settle is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the town had a population of 2,421 in the 2001 census, increasing to 2,564 at the 2011 census.
Phoebanthus
Phoebanthus, called false sunflower, is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Phoebanthus includes two species of herbaceous perennials that are both native to the southeastern United States  The genus is a close relative of Helianthus, the genus of the common sunflower, and the plants have the general appearance of a sunflower.

Heliantheae
The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is derived from the genus Helianthus, which is Greek for sun flower. Most genera and species are found in North America (particularly in Mexico) and South America.  A few genera are pantropical.

Most Heliantheae are herbs or shrubs, but some grow to the size of small trees.  Leaves are usually hairy and arranged in opposite pairs. The anthers are usually blackened.

The above statements about the size and distribution of the tribe apply to a broad definition of Heliantheae, which was followed throughout the 20th century. Some recent authors break the tribe up into a dozen or so smaller tribes.
Earplug
An earplug is a device that is inserted in the ear canal to protect the user's ears from loud noises, intrusion of water, foreign bodies, dust or excessive wind. Earplugs may be used as well to improve sleep quality or focus in noisy environments. Since they reduce the sound volume, earplugs may prevent hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing of the ears), in some cases.

US Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires hearing conservation programs which include the provision of hearing protection devices (HPDs). But this does not mean that OSHA considers HPDs to be effective.

Ear canal
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the auricle to the eardrum and is about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in length and 0.7 centimetres (0.3 in) in diameter.
Marine Isotope Stage 5
Marine Isotope Stage 5 or MIS 5 is a marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, between 130,000 and 80,000 years ago. Sub-stage MIS 5e corresponds to the Last Interglacial, also called the Eemian (in Europe) or Sangamonian (in North America), the last major interglacial period before the Holocene, which extends to the present day. Interglacial periods which occurred during the Pleistocene are investigated to better understand present and future climate variability. Thus, the present interglacial, the Holocene, is compared with MIS 5 or the interglacials of Marine Isotope Stage 11.

Interglacial
An interglacial period (or alternatively interglacial, interglaciation) is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age. The current Holocene interglacial began at the end of the Pleistocene, about 11,700 years ago.
Antommarchi Rights
In People v. Antommarchi, 80 NY2d 247 (1992), the statutory rights of a defendant to be present during any sidebar questioning of a prospective juror concerning his or her impartiality was affirmed by the New York Court of Appeals.  Such rights are generally known as the Antommarchi Rights.

New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.
Scutum in Chinese astronomy
According to traditional Chinese uranography, the modern constellation Scutum is located within the northern quadrant of the sky, which is symbolized as the Black Tortoise of the North (北方玄武, Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ).

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 盾牌座 (dùn pái zuò), meaning "the shield constellation".

Scutum (constellation)
Scutum is a small constellation. Its name is Latin for shield, and it was originally named Scutum Sobiescianum by Johannes Hevelius in 1684. Located just south of the celestial equator, its four brightest stars form a narrow diamond shape.  It is one of the 88 IAU designated constellations defined in 1922.
2024 United States presidential election in Vermont
The 2024 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. Vermont voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. The state of Vermont has 3 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state neither gained nor lost a seat.

Vermont was won by the Democratic nominee for the ninth time in as many presidential elections. Vice President Kamala Harris carried Vermont by nearly 32 points, a slight decrease from Joe Biden's 35-point victory four years earlier. Nonetheless, it provided Harris with her largest winning margin of any state in 2024.

Orleans County, Vermont
Orleans County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,393. Its shire town (county seat) is the city of Newport. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1799. As in the rest of New England, few governmental powers have been granted to the county. The county is an expedient way of grouping and distributing state-controlled governmental services.
Kjellmyra
Kjellmyra is a village in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Flisa, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) north of the village of Flisa, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the village of Gjesåsen (and the lake Gjesåssjøen), and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) southwest of the village of Sønsterud.

The 0.65-square-kilometre (160-acre) village has a population (2024) of 451 and a population density of 694 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,800/sq mi).

Gjesåssjøen
Gjesåssjøen is a lake in Åsnes Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 4.06-square-kilometre (1.57 sq mi) lake lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of the villages of Kjellmyra and Flisa and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) east of the village of Våler. The village of Gjesåsen and the Gjesåsen Church lie along the eastern shore of the lake.

The lake was designated as a nature reserve in 2003. The lake is surrounded by agriculture which use the lake as a source of water. Gjesåssjøen is an important habitat for a number of bird species. About 150 different bird species were observed at the lake between 1996 and 2006, among these rare species such as the grebe and the greylag goose.
Amalek
Amalek (/ˈæməlɛk/; Biblical Hebrew: עֲמָלֵק‎, romanized: ʿĂmālēq) was a nation described in the Hebrew Bible as a staunch enemy of the Israelites. The name "Amalek" can refer to the nation's founder, a grandson of Esau; his descendants, the Amalekites; or the territories of Amalek, which they inhabited.

According to the Torah, there is a commandment to exterminate the memory of Amalek. However, most Jewish commentators maintain that this commandment is no longer applicable today - either because it could only be fulfilled during the period when there was a king in Israel, or because the biblical Amalek no longer exists, or because the commandment is understood as symbolic, representing the elimination of evil in the world or as a call for God to carry out this act.

Herem (war or property)
Herem or cherem (Hebrew: חֵרֶם, ḥērem), as used in the Tanakh, means something given over to the Lord, or under a ban, and sometimes refers to things or persons to be utterly destroyed. The term has been explained in different and sometimes conflicting ways by different scholars. It has been defined as "a mode of secluding, and rendering harmless, anything imperilling the religious life of the nation", or "the total destruction of the enemy and his goods at the conclusion of a campaign", or "uncompromising consecration of property and dedication of the property to God without possibility of recall or redemption". It is translated into Latin as devotio, a word used for human sacrifice, and into Greek as anathema, which was a sacrifice to the gods (and later to God).

A related verb, heḥərîm (החרים), means "to treat as ḥērem", or "destroy utterly".
Builder pattern
The builder pattern is a design pattern that provides a flexible solution to various object creation problems in object-oriented programming. The builder pattern separates the construction of a complex object from its representation. It is one of the 23 classic design patterns described in the book Design Patterns and is sub-categorized as a creational pattern.

Creational pattern
A creational pattern is a software design pattern for creating objects in a manner suitable to a particular situation. As object creation that is otherwise available (i.e. via the programming language) can sometimes result in  design limitations, a custom mechanism for creation can provide for better design. A creational pattern aims to separate a system from how its objects are created, composed, and represented. They increase the system's flexibility in terms of the what, who, how, and when of object creation.

A creational pattern encapsulates two main aspects. One is encapsulating knowledge about which concrete classes the system uses. Another is hiding how instances of these concrete classes are created and combined.

Creational design patterns are categorized into object-creational patterns and class-creational patterns. Object-creational patterns defer part of its object creation to another object, while class-creational patterns defer its object creation to subclasses.
Hank, Netherlands
Hank is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is a part of the municipality of Altena, and lies about 10 km (6 mi) north of Oosterhout. Hanks borders on De Biesbosch National Park.

It was first mentioned in 1851 as De Hank, and means "place where fishers dry their nets".

The area was poldered in 1188 and a little village called Heeraartswaarde and church were built. However the settlement was destroyed in the St. Elizabeth's flood of 1421. In 1863, a Catholic parish was founded as Mariapolder, and in 1896 a convent of the Sisters of Charity was established near the village. Hank was almost entirely destroyed in 1944 during World War II and was rebuilt after the war.

De Biesbosch National Park
De Biesbosch National Park is one of the largest national parks in the Netherlands and one of the last extensive areas of freshwater tidal wetlands in Northwestern Europe.  The Biesbosch ('forest of sedges' or 'rushwoods') consists of a large network of rivers and smaller and larger creeks with islands.  The vegetation is mostly willow forests, although wet grasslands and fields of reed are common as well. The Biesbosch is an important wetland area for waterfowl and has a rich flora and fauna.  It is especially important for migrating geese.
Chandernagore Government College
Chandernagore Government College, also known as Dupleix College (Bengali: চন্দননগর সরকারি কলেজ; French: Collège gouvernemental de Chandernagor) is a government college in Chandannagar, West Bengal, India. It is one of the oldest colleges in Hooghly district. It offers undergraduate courses in arts, commerce, and sciences. It is affiliated to University of Burdwan.

Chandannagar
Chandannagar (Bengali pronunciation: [t͡ʃɔn.d̪ɔn.nɔ.ɡoɾ]), also known by its former names Chandernagor (French pronunciation: [ʃɑ̃.dɛʁ.na.ɡɔʁ]) and Chandernagore, is a city in the Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is headquarter of the Chandannagore subdivision and is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

Located on the western bank of Hooghly River, the city was one of the five French Settlements in India. Indo-French architecture is seen in the colonial bungalows, most of which are in a dilapidated state.
Passive intellect
The passive intellect (Latin: intellectus possibilis; also translated as potential intellect or material intellect), is a term used in philosophy alongside the notion of the active intellect in order to give an account of the operation of the intellect (nous), in accordance with the theory of hylomorphism, as most famously put forward by Aristotle.

Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism is a philosophical doctrine developed by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, which conceives every physical entity or being (ousia) as a compound of matter (potency) and immaterial form (act), with the generic form as immanently real within the individual. The word is a 19th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη (hyle: "wood, matter") and μορφή (morphē: "form"). Hylomorphic theories of physical entities have been undergoing a revival in contemporary philosophy.
Migdal Oz
Migdal Oz (Hebrew: מִגְדַּל עֹז, lit. Tower of Strength) is an Israeli settlement and income-sharing community kibbutz in the West Bank. Located in the historic Etzion bloc 7.4 km from the Green Line and west of the Israeli West Bank barrier, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. It neighbors the communities of Kfar Etzion, Alon Shevut, Elazar and Efrat. In 2023 it had a population of 575.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Gush Etzion
Gush Etzion (Hebrew: גּוּשׁ עֶצְיוֹן, lit. Etzion Bloc) is a cluster of Israeli settlements located in the Judaean Mountains, directly south of Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the West Bank. The core group includes four Jewish agricultural villages that were founded in 1943–1947, and  destroyed by the Arab Legion on May 13, 1948 in the 1948 Palestine war, in the Kfar Etzion massacre. The area was left outside of Israel with the 1949 armistice lines. These settlements were rebuilt after the 1967 Six-Day War, along with new communities that have expanded the area of the Etzion Bloc. As of 2011, Gush Etzion consisted of 22 settlements with a population of 70,000.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but Israel disagrees.
Marlothistella
Marlothistella is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Aizoaceae. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

The genus name of Marlothistella is in honour of Rudolf Marloth (1855–1931), a German-born South African botanist, pharmacist and analytical chemist, best known for his Flora of South Africa. It was first described and published in Gartenwelt Vol.32 on page 599 in 1928.

Species Known, according to Kew:

Marlothistella stenophylla (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer

Marlothistella uniondalensis Schwantes

Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae (/ˌeɪzoʊˈeɪsi.iː, -ˌaɪ/), or fig-marigold family, are a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly named ice plants or carpet weeds. The Aizoaceae are also referred to as vygies in South Africa. Some of the unusual  Southern African genera—such as Conophytum, Lithops, Titanopsis, and Pleiospilos (among others)—resemble gemstones, rocks, or pebbles, and are sometimes called living stones or mesembs (short for mesembryanthemums).