hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Curthose
Robert Curthose ( French: Robert Courteheuse; c. 1051 – c. 3 February 1134), the eldest son of William the Conqueror, was Duke of Normandy as Robert II from 1087 to 1106.

Robert was twice an unsuccessful pretender to the throne of the Kingdom of England. The epithet "Curthose" originated in the Norman French word courtheuse ("short stockings"). The chroniclers William of Malmesbury and Orderic Vitalis wrote that his father had derisively called him brevis-ocrea ("short boot").

Robert's reign is noted for the discord with his brothers, the English kings William II and Henry I. He mortgaged his duchy to finance his participation in the First Crusade, where he was an important commander. In 1106, his disagreements with Henry led to defeat in the Battle of Tinchebray and lifelong captivity, with Normandy temporarily absorbed into England's possession.

Hugh de Grandmesnil
Hugh de Grandmesnil (c. 1032 – 22 February 1098), (known in French as Hugues and Latinised as Hugo de Grentmesnil, aliter Grentemesnil, etc.), is one of the proven companions of William the Conqueror known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Subsequently, he became a great landowner in England.

He was the elder son of Robert I of Grandmesnil by his wife Hawise d'Echaffour, a daughter of Giroie, Lord of Échauffour. His younger brother was Robert II of Grandmesnil.

Following the Norman Conquest, King William the Conqueror gave  Hugh 100 manors in recompense for his service, sixty-five of them in Leicestershire, in the Midlands. He was appointed Sheriff of Leicestershire and Governor of Hampshire. Hugh's landholdings are listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 ( p 652-6).
Adani Green Energy
Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL) is an Indian renewable energy company, headquartered in Ahmedabad, India. It is majority-owned by the Indian conglomerate Adani Group, which is a major international coal-mining enterprise, and minority-owned by TotalEnergies. The company operates Kamuthi Solar Power Project, one of the largest solar photovoltaic plants in the world.

TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French multinational integrated energy and petroleum company founded in 1924 and is one of the seven supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale chemicals manufacturer.

TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2023 Forbes Global 2000, TotalEnergies was ranked as the 21st largest company in the world.
Farini, Emilia-Romagna
Farini (Piacentino: I Farëin or I Farén) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) west of Bologna and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Piacenza. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,744 and an area of 112.0 square kilometres (43.2 sq mi).
In September 2015, Farini suffered a major flood due to heavy rain.

Farini borders the following municipalities: Bardi, Bettola, Coli, Ferriere, Morfasso.

Morfasso
Morfasso (Piacentino: Murfàss; locally Murfèss) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Piacenza. As of 31 December 2011, it had a population of 1,090 and an area of 83.6 square kilometres (32.3 sq mi).

The municipality of Morfasso contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Rusteghini, Greghi, Casali, Monastero, Pedina, San Michele, Sperongia, and Teruzzi.

Morfasso borders the following municipalities: Bardi, Bettola, Bore, Farini, Gropparello, Lugagnano Val d'Arda, Vernasca.
Kikai Caldera
Kikai Caldera (鬼界カルデラ, Kikai karudera) (alternatively Kikaiga-shima, Kikai Caldera Complex) is a massive, mostly submerged caldera up to 19 kilometres (12 mi) in diameter in the Ōsumi Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

Shōwa Iōjima
Shōwa Iōjima (昭和硫黄島), also known as  Shōwa Shintō (昭和新島), is one of the Satsunan Islands, usually classed with the Ōsumi Islands, belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. A deserted volcanic island, it is located just off the northern shore of Iōjima, Kagoshima.
Yukio Sakurauchi
Yukio Sakurauchi  (櫻内 幸雄, Sakurauchi Yukio; 14 October 1888 – 9 October 1947) was an entrepreneur, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan. He was the father of prominent post-war politician Yoshio Sakurauchi, and grandfather of controversial politician Seiichi Ota.

Yoshio Sakurauchi
Yoshio Sakurauchi (櫻内 義雄, Sakurauchi Yoshio; 8 May 1912 – 5 July 2003) was a Japanese politician and a significant member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He was speaker of the House of Representatives of which he was a member for 53 years.
Listed buildings in Murton, Cumbria
Murton is a civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England.  It contains eleven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Murton and Hilton and the hamlet of Brackenber, and is otherwise rural.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, the other buildings consisting of two village pumps, a bridge, and a disused railway viaduct.

Murton, Cumbria
Murton is a small village and civil parish in Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, England. The parish had a population of 330 in 2001, rising to 360 at the 2011 Census. Settlements within the parish include the villages of Hilton, Langton, and Brackenber as well as various small farms, houses and cottages. The town of Appleby-in-Westmorland is to the south-west.
Neiphiu Rio
Neiphiu Rio (born 11 November 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the Chief Minister of Nagaland and leader of the house in state assembly since 2018, previously 2003 to 2014 and from 2018 till date. He is the longest serving Chief Minister of Nagaland. He was also a Member of Parliament from Nagaland in Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2018. He is also currently serving as the president of the Naga People's Front.

Chief Minister of Nagaland
The Chief Minister of Nagaland is the chief executive of the Indian state of Nagaland. As per the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Nagaland Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.

Since 1963, eleven people belonging to seven parties have served as chief minister of Nagaland. The first three belonged to the Nagaland Nationalist Organisation, including the inaugural officeholder P. Shilu Ao. The current incumbent is Neiphiu Rio of the Naga People's Front, in office since 8 March 2018.
Defense Logistics Agency
The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) is a combat support agency in the United States Department of Defense. The agency is staffed by more than 26,000 civilian and military personnel throughout the world. Located in 48 states and 28 countries, DLA provides supplies to the military services and supports their acquisition of weapons, fuel, repair parts, and other materials. The agency also disposes of excess or unusable equipment through various programs.

Through other U.S. federal agencies, DLA also provides relief supplies to victims of natural disasters and humanitarian aid to refugees and internally displaced persons.

Defense Supply Center, Richmond
Defense Supply Center, Richmond, or DSCR, serves as the Aviation Demand and Supply Chain manager for the Defense Logistics Agency. It is located on the I-95 corridor in Chesterfield County, Virginia in the Southside area of the Greater Richmond Region. The installation comprises 631 acres (2.55 km2) that was the Bellwood farm in 1887 and was opened in 1942. Originally activated as the Richmond General Depot under the command of Lt. Col. Turner R. Sharp, the site was later renamed the Richmond Armed Service Forces Depot, which became the Richmond Quartermaster Depot.
Charles S. Foos Elementary School
Charles S. Foos Elementary School, also known as Douglass and Weiser School, is a historic elementary school building located at Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1903 and was expanded and renovated in 1912. A small addition was built in 1921. It was originally in the Romanesque Revival style, but transformed to the Classical Revival style with the renovations.  The C-shaped brick building contains 21 classrooms and an auditorium that seats over 200.  The school closed in 1979. Part of the very large school building is now a nursery school, and part condominiums.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  It is located in the Queen Anne Historic District.

Queen Anne Historic District
Queen Anne Historic District is a national historic district located in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania.  The district encompasses 2,405 contributing buildings in Reading built between about 1880 and 1925.  The district consists primarily of semi-detached houses and rowhouses, with a few stone church buildings and small commercial buildings.  Most of the buildings are constructed of brick and reflective of Late Victorian and early 20th-century architectural styles. The churches are St. Mary's Episcopal Church (1904) and Wesley United Methodist Church (1922).  Located in the district and separately listed are the Charles S. Foos Elementary School and former Meinig Glove Factory-E. Richard Meinig Co.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Cassinelle
Cassinelle is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 883 and an area of 23.8 square kilometres (9.2 sq mi).

Cassinelle borders the following municipalities: Cremolino, Molare, Morbello, and Ponzone.

Cremolino
Cremolino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Alessandria.

Cremolino borders the following municipalities: Cassinelle, Molare, Morbello, Morsasco, Ovada, Prasco, and Trisobbio.
Mackenzie Carson
Mackenzie Carson (born 24 June 1998) is a Canadian-born rugby union player, who currently plays for Gloucester-Hartpury in Premiership Women's Rugby, the top-flight women's rugby union competition in England, and for the England national team at international level, having previously represented Canada three times.

Saracens Women
Saracens Women (/ˈsærəsənz/) are an English women's rugby union club based in Hendon, London. They were established in 1989, and currently play in Premiership Women's Rugby (PWR) and the PWR Cup, the top-level competitions of women's rugby in the country.

Saracens are one of the most successful women's teams in English domestic rugby union history. They have earned a total of 15 top-flight league titles – most recently in the 2021–22 season. In top-tier domestic cup competitions, they have won an additional 11 titles – most recently in the 2025–26 season.

The team also serves as the women's branch of Saracens Amateurs RFC, who themselves are affiliated to men's Premiership club Saracens.
Mosco convergence
In mathematical analysis, Mosco convergence is a notion of convergence for functionals that is used in nonlinear analysis and set-valued analysis. Named after the Italian mathematician Umberto Mosco, it is a particular case of Γ-convergence. Mosco convergence is sometimes phrased as “weak Γ-liminf and strong Γ-limsup” convergence since it uses both the weak and strong topologies on a topological vector space X. In finite dimensional spaces, Mosco convergence coincides with epi-convergence, while in infinite-dimensional spaces, Mosco convergence is a strictly stronger property.

Epi-convergence
In mathematical analysis, epi-convergence is a type of convergence for real-valued and extended real-valued functions.

Epi-convergence is important because it is the appropriate notion of convergence with which to approximate minimization problems in the field of mathematical optimization. The symmetric notion of hypo-convergence is appropriate for maximization problems. Mosco convergence is a generalization of epi-convergence to infinite dimensional spaces.
Armidale railway station turntable
Armidale railway station turntable is a heritage-listed railway turntable at 216 Brown Street, Armidale, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The property is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Armidale
Armidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale had a population of 23,967 as of the 2021 census. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands region. It is approximately halfway between Sydney and Brisbane at the junction of the New England Highway and Waterfall Way.

Armidale is a rural university town, home to the University of New England (UNE). Armidale is located within the New England Renewable Energy Zone, which is expected to bring significant renewable energy development to the area.
Anthony Dimond
Anthony Joseph Dimond (November 30, 1881 – May 28, 1953) was an American Democratic Party politician who was the Alaska Territory Delegate in the United States House of Representatives from 1933 to 1945. Dimond was also an early champion of Alaska statehood.

Dimond High School
A. J. Dimond High School (DHS) is a public four-year high school in Anchorage, Alaska, and is a part of the Anchorage School District. It has been accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Dimond serves students in the Sand Lake, Kincaid, and Bayshore areas of suburban Anchorage, and had an enrollment of 1,709 as of November 25, 2016.
Millie (short story)
"Millie" is a 1913 short story in the Modernist, stream-of-consciousness style by Katherine Mansfield. It was first published in The Blue Review in June 1913, and was one of the first stories published by Mansfield. It was reprinted in her 1924 collection Something Childish and Other Stories.

Something Childish
Something Childish and Other Stories is a 1924 collection of short stories by the writer Katherine Mansfield. It was published in America as The Little Girl.

This anthology was published after her death by her husband John Middleton Murry. Murry wrote in his introductory note that most of the stories in this collection were written between In a German Pension (1911) and Bliss and Other Stories (1920) with the exception of six stories – the first four were written before In a German Pension was published, while "Sixpence" and "Poison" were written after Bliss.
Sawtooth Wilderness
The Sawtooth Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers 217,088 acres (87,852 ha) of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it was designated the Sawtooth Primitive Area in 1937 to preserve the scenic beauty of the Sawtooth Mountains. On August 22, 1972 Public Law 92-400 designated the Primitive Area as the Sawtooth Wilderness and part of the newly created Sawtooth National Recreation Area. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Sawtooth Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Sawtooth Wilderness has some of the clearest air in the lower 48 states.

Boise River
The Boise River is a 102-mile-long (164 km) tributary of the Snake River in the Northwestern United States. It drains a rugged portion of the Sawtooth Range in southwestern Idaho northeast of Boise, as well as part of the western Snake River Plain. The watershed encompasses approximately 4,100 square miles (11,000 km2) of highly diverse habitats, including alpine canyons, forest, rangeland, agricultural lands, and urban areas.
Richan
Richan [meinen Eiern] is an unincorporated place and community in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada.

It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, between Amesdale to the west and Millidge to the east, and is served by Richan railway station, a stop for Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains.

Richan is also the northern terminus for Ontario Highway 665 that arrives from the south from Ontario Highway 17 near Dryden.

Millidge, Ontario
Millidge is an unincorporated place and railway point in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada.

It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, between Richan to the west and Sunstrum to the east, has a passing track, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains.
Simon Pohoryles
Simon Pohoryles is a male former Polish international table tennis player.

He won a bronze medal at the 1935 World Table Tennis Championships in the Swaythling Cup (men's team event) with Alojzy Ehrlich and Władysław Loewenhertz for Poland.

Along with his teammates they were the first Polish medal winners at the Championships.

Alojzy Ehrlich
Alojzy "Alex" Ehrlich (1 January 1914 – 7 December 1992), also called "King of the Chiselers," was a Polish table tennis player, widely regarded as one of the best players in Polish history of this sport, who three times won silver in the World Championships.

Ehrlich was ranked world No. 6 in 1938 by Hon. Ivor Montagu and world No. 9 in 1950.

He was a very popular athlete in interbellum Poland; in 1934 Ehrlich was placed on the 8th position in the prestigious list of 10 most popular sportsmen of Poland, made by readers of the national sports daily Przeglad Sportowy.
Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly
The Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly (BSDH; Belarusian: Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная Грамада; БСДГ, romanized: Biełaruskaja sacyjał-demakratyčnaja Hramada; Russian: Белорусская социал-демократическая Грамада; БСДГ, romanized: Belorusskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya Gramada; BSDG), commonly shortened to "Hramada" or "The Assembly", is a banned Belarusian social-democratic political party. Businessman Siarhiej Čeračań has been the leader of the party since October 2018.

Stanislav Shushkevich
Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich (15 December 1934 – 3 May 2022) was a Belarusian politician and scientist who served as the first head of state of independent Belarus after it seceded from the Soviet Union, serving as the first chairman of the Supreme Soviet (also called chairman of Parliament or president) from 1991 to 1994. He supported social democratic reforms and played a key role in the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. He later became an opposition leader against Alexander Lukashenko.

As a scientist, he was a corresponding member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, Doctor in Physics and Mathematics, recipient of various state awards, professor and the author and originator of textbooks and over 150 articles and 50 inventions.
Ko Un
Ko Un (Korean: 고은; born 1 August 1933) is a South Korean poet whose works have been translated and published in more than fifteen countries. He had been imprisoned many times due to his role in the campaign for Korean democracy and was later mentioned in Korea as one of the front runners for the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Manhae Prize
The Manhae Prize is a series of awards in the following categories: Peace, Social Service, Academic Excellence, Art, Literature, and Buddhist Missionary Work awarded by The Society for the Promotion and Practice of Manhae's Thoughts in memory of Buddhist reformer and anti-Japanese independence activist Han Yong-un (1879–1944).
Steiner inellipse
In geometry, the Steiner inellipse, midpoint inellipse, or midpoint ellipse of a triangle is the unique ellipse inscribed in the triangle and tangent to the sides at their midpoints. It is an example of an inellipse. By comparison the inscribed circle and Mandart inellipse of a triangle are other inconics that are tangent to the sides, but not at the midpoints unless the triangle is equilateral. The Steiner inellipse is attributed by Dörrie to Jakob Steiner, and a proof of its uniqueness is given by Dan Kalman.

The Steiner inellipse contrasts with the Steiner circumellipse, also called simply the Steiner ellipse, which is the unique ellipse that passes through the vertices of a given triangle and whose center is the triangle's centroid.

Mandart inellipse
In geometry, the Mandart inellipse of a triangle is an ellipse that is inscribed within the triangle, tangent to its sides at the contact points of its excircles (which are also the vertices of the extouch triangle and the endpoints of the splitters). The Mandart inellipse is named after H. Mandart, who studied it in two papers published in the late 19th century.
Laval Rocket
The Laval Rocket (French: Rocket de Laval) are a professional ice hockey team based in Laval, Quebec. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) and Trois-Rivières Lions of the ECHL. The Rocket play their home games at Place Bell.

Jean-François Houle
Jean-François Houle (born January 14, 1975) is a Canadian former ice hockey player and current professional coach. He is presently the head coach of the Clarkson Golden Knights, a team competing in the ECAC Hockey conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
Hempstead Branch
The Hempstead Branch is an electrified rail line and service owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in the U.S. state of New York. The branch begins at the Main Line at  Queens Interlocking, just east of Queens Village station. It parallels the Main Line past Bellerose to Floral Park, where it splits southward and continues east via the village of Garden City to Hempstead Crossing. There it turns south to the final two stations, Country Life Press and Hempstead.

LIRR maps and schedules show Hempstead Branch service continuing west along the Main Line to Jamaica. Hempstead Branch trains provide most service at Hollis and Queens Village. The line is double tracked to just east of Garden City Station, where it is reduced to one track at Garden Interlocking for the final 1.4 miles (2.3 km) to Hempstead station.

Rosa Parks Hempstead Transit Center
The Rosa Parks Hempstead Transit Center is an intermodal center and transportation hub in Hempstead, New York. It contains the Nassau Inter-County Express bus system's indoor customer facility between Jackson and West Columbia Streets – as well as the terminus for the Hempstead Branch of the Long Island Rail Road, located right across West Columbia Street from the bus terminal.

Serving 17 routes, the bus terminal is a major transfer point for customers using a second Nassau Inter-County Express route or the LIRR. It offers a waiting area, transit information, a newsstand which also sells OMNY cards, and restrooms.