hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swedish–Norwegian War
The Swedish–Norwegian War, also known as the Campaign against Norway (Swedish: Fälttåget mot Norge), War with Sweden 1814 (Norwegian: Krigen med Sverige 1814), also called the War of Cats or the Norwegian War of Independence, was a war fought between Sweden and Norway in the summer of 1814. According to the Treaty of Kiel, Norway would enter a union with Sweden under Charles XIII of Sweden. The war resulted in Norway being forced into the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, but with its own constitution and parliament. The war marked the last time Sweden participated in an armed conflict with another nation until 2011, and its conclusion signalled the beginning of the country's long period of military neutrality.

Christian VIII
Christian VIII (18 September 1786 – 20 January 1848) was King of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, King of Norway in 1814.

Christian Frederick was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick, a younger son of King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway. As his cousin Frederick VI had no sons, Christian Frederick was heir presumptive to the throne from 1808.
Paul Foster (playwright)
Paul Roose-Evans Foster (October 15, 1931 – March 5, 2021) was an American playwright, theater director, and producer born in Penns Grove, New Jersey. He was a founding member and the first president of La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club.

Tom O'Horgan
Tom O'Horgan (May 3, 1924 – January 11, 2009) was an American theater and film director, composer, actor and musician. He is best known for his Broadway work as director of the hit musicals Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar. During his career he sought to achieve a form of "total theater" described by The New York Times as "wittily physical", and which earned him a reputation as the "Busby Berkeley of the acid set".
Lautertal (Odenwald)
Lautertal (Odenwald) (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtɐtaːl], lit. 'Lauter Valley') is a municipality in the Bergstraße district in the Hessian Odenwald in Germany that came into being with the merger of several former communities.

Bensheim
Bensheim (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛnsˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Bergstraße district in southern Hessen, Germany. Bensheim lies on the Bergstraße and at the edge of the Odenwald mountains while at the same time having an open view over the Rhine plain. With about 40,000 inhabitants (2016), it is the district's biggest town.
Portland State University
Portland State University (PSU) is a public research university in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1946 as a post-secondary educational institution for World War II veterans. It evolved into a four-year college over the next 20 years and was granted university status in 1969. It is one of two public universities in Oregon that are in a large city. It is governed by a board of trustees. PSU is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

Portland State comprises seven constituent colleges, offering undergraduate degrees in 123 fields and postgraduate degrees in 117 fields. As of 2023, the university had a total enrollment of approximately 21,000 students. Its athletic teams are known as the Portland State Vikings, with school colors of green and white. They compete at the NCAA Division I level, primarily in the Big Sky Conference.

Gregory Baker Wolfe
Gregory Baker Wolfe (January 27, 1922 – December 12, 2015)  was an American diplomat during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and later president of two urban institutions of higher education, Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, and Florida International University (FIU) in Miami, Florida.
Orero, Liguria
Orero (Ligurian: Oê) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Genoa.

Orero borders the following municipalities: Cicagna, Coreglia Ligure, Lorsica, Rezzoaglio, San Colombano Certénoli. Alongside Ala, Ateleta, Onano and Siris, it is one of five Italian municipalities with a palindromic name.

Rezzoaglio
Rezzoaglio (Ligurian: Rezzoagi, locally Rosagni) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in the Italian region Liguria.

Rezzoaglio  borders the following municipalities: Borzonasca, Favale di Malvaro, Ferriere, Fontanigorda, Lorsica, Montebruno, Orero, Ottone, Rovegno, San Colombano Certénoli, Santo Stefano d'Aveto.
Kurtis Conner
Kurtis Matthew Kenneth Conner (born May 4, 1994) is a Canadian comedian, YouTuber, and podcaster. As of January 2026, his YouTube channel has accumulated over 5.59 million subscribers and over 1.14 billion views.

Danny Gonzalez
Daniel James Gonzalez (born June 12, 1994) is an American commentary YouTuber, comedian, musician and former Viner who originally came to prominence for his short comedy sketches on Vine in 2014. He created his main YouTube channel that same year, subsequently moving over to YouTube full-time when Vine closed down in 2017. His three personal channels and three group channels have collectively earned around 10.27 million subscribers, and 2.26 billion views, as of January 2026.
Road America
Road America is a motorsport road course near Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin on Wisconsin Highway 67. It has hosted races since the 1950s and currently hosts races in the IndyCar Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, Sports Car Club of America GT World Challenge America and Trans-Am Series and the MotoAmerica Superbike Championship.

SCCA National Championship Runoffs
The SCCA National Championship Runoffs is the end-of-year championship race meeting for Sports Car Club of America Club Racing competitors.  Divisional champions and other top drivers from the SCCA's 116 regions are invited to participate at the Runoffs.  National championships are awarded to the winners of each class.

The Runoffs is regarded as the "Olympics of Amateur Road Racing."
CSM Vaslui (football)
Clubul Sportiv Municipal Vaslui, commonly known as CSM Vaslui, or simply as Vaslui, is a Romanian football team based in Vaslui, Vaslui County, currently playing in the Liga III. The team represents the football section of the multi-sport club CSM Vaslui, which also include basketball, athletics and handball sections.

2018–19 Liga IV
The 2018–19 Liga IV was the 77th season of Liga IV and the 51st since the 1968 administrative and territorial reorganization of the country, representing the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association played against one from a neighbouring county in a play-off for promotion to Liga III.

This is the second season when the counties were divided into seven regions, each consisting of six counties and the draw was made on 15 February 2019, with four months before the first matches.
Digg Reader
Digg Reader was a news aggregator operated by Digg. The reader was released on June 26, 2013 as a response to Google Reader shutting down. The reader was web-based and also had iOS and Android applications as well as a Google Chrome extension. The beta for the reader has received mostly positive reviews. On March 26, 2018, Digg shut down Digg Reader.

Digg
Digg (stylized in lowercase as digg) is an American social bookmarking news aggregator, with a feed that displays the internet's most popular content (Most Dugg), Newest, Trending, and content that’s "Heating up." It was re-launched in its current form in June 2025.
Franklin, Iowa
Franklin is a city in Lee County, Iowa, United States. Franklin is noted for its stone and brick Federal architecture, uncommon in Iowa.

The population was 131 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Fort Madison–Keokuk, IA-IL-MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Lee County, Iowa
Lee County is the southernmost county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 33,555. The county seats are Fort Madison and Keokuk: it is the only county in Iowa with more than one county seat. Lee County is part of the Fort Madison–Keokuk, IA–IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. It was established in 1836.
Eddy Bengtsson
Eddy Bengtsson (born April 30, 1979, in Gothenburg) is a Swedish retired wrestler who competed in the Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg at the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2000 Summer Olympics. Bengtsson retired from wrestling and competed in many grappling tournaments, and in mixed martial arts. On April 23, 2010, he faced Alexander Emelianenko for the Russian-based Pro FC mixed martial arts organization losing by KO in the opening round. Bengtsson made a brief comeback as a wrestler to try to reach the 2012 Summer Olympics but failed. On May 10, 2012, he officially announced his retirement as a wrestler. He is an honorary member of the Scandinavian Hammers.

Alexander Emelianenko
Alexander Vladimirovich Emelianenko (or Yemelianenko; Russian: Александр Владимирович Емельяненко, romanized: Aleksandr Vladimirovich Emel'janenko, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ jɪmʲɪˈlʲjænʲɪnkə]; born 2 August 1981) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist. He is a three-time Russian national Combat Sambo champion and three-time world Combat Sambo champion in the absolute division. He is a younger brother of Fedor Emelianenko.
Ana Laura Aláez
Ana Laura Aláez (Bilbao, 1964) is a Basque artist. She is one of the most renowned contemporary artists in Spain. She defines herself as an "emotions architect", as she transforms all her life into art, depicting her feelings in her artworks. One of her first exhibitions took place in 1992, in Fundació Joan Miró's Espai 10, in Barcelona. Alberto Peral, another Basque artist, was also featured in this exhibition.

Alberto Peral
Alberto Peral (born 1966, Santurtzi, Biscay) is a Basque artist. He began to highlight in the principle of the 90s. Since his first individual exhibition at the Fundació Joan Miró in Barcelona in 1992, he has created a conceptual route that has brought him to move through a big diversity of mediums, like drawing, photography or sculpture.
Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
The Order of the Crown (Dutch: Kroonorde) is a house order of the Dutch Royal House. The order came into being as a result of Queen Juliana's reorganization of the Order of the House of Orange (Huisorde van Oranje) in 1969. The 18 classes of the house order were no longer felt to be appropriate in the ever more egalitarian Dutch society of the 1960s. The Order was divided into five subdivisions. As a house order it is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.

The Order of the Crown is intended for "foreigners who have rendered special service to the Dutch King or his House".
The former queen, Beatrix, instituted a silver medal to commemorate state visits.

Order of the House of Orange
The Order of the House of Orange (Dutch: Huisorde van Oranje), sometimes referred to as the House Order of Orange, is a dynastic order of the House of Orange-Nassau, the royal family of the Netherlands similar to the Royal Victorian Order in the United Kingdom. The order was instituted by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands on 19 March 1905 and is not subject to ministerial responsibility or influence, but is awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone.
Hemerochory
Hemerochory (Ancient Greek ἥμερος, hemeros: 'tame, ennobled, cultivated, cultivated' and Greek χωρίς choris: separate, isolated), or anthropochory, is the distribution of cultivated plants or their seeds and cuttings, consciously or unconsciously, by humans into an area that they could not colonize through their natural mechanisms of spread, but are able to maintain themselves without specific human help in their new habitat.

Hemerochory is one of the main propagation mechanisms of a plant. Hemerochoric plants can both increase and decrease the biodiversity of a habitat.

Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes.

Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.

Countless plants are propagated each day in horticulture and agriculture.

Plant propagation is vital to agriculture and horticulture, not just for human food production but also for forest and fibre crops,  as well as traditional and herbal medicine. It is also important for plant breeding.
Hednesford Hills Raceway
Hednesford Hills Raceway (often referred to as Hednesford Raceway) is an oval, short-circuit motor racing venue. It is situated on Cannock Chase, approximately 1-mile (1.6 km) from the town of Hednesford, Staffordshire, England and is operated by Incarace Ltd.

Hednesford
Hednesford (/ˈhɛnsfərd/ HENSS-fərd (listenⓘ) is a market town and civil parish in the Cannock Chase district of Staffordshire, England. The Cannock Chase area of natural beauty is to the north of the town. Hednesford is also 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of Cannock and 5 miles (8.0 km) to the south of Rugeley. The population at the 2011 census was 17,343.
Proteases (medical and related uses)
Proteases (also sometimes referred to as proteolytic enzymes or peptidases) are in use, or have been proposed or tried, for a number of purposes related to medicine or surgery.  Some preparations involving protease have undergone successful clinical trials and have regulatory authorization; and some further ones have shown apparently useful effects in experimental medical studies.  Proteases have also been used by proponents of alternative therapies, or identified in materials of traditional or folk medicine. A serine protease of human origin, activated protein C, was produced in recombinant form and marketed as Drotrecogin alfa (also known as Xigris (TM)) and licensed for intensive-care treatment of severe sepsis.  It was voluntarily withdrawn by the manufacturer in 2011 after being shown to be ineffective.

Some of these uses rely directly on the proteolytic activity:  others rely on observations of anti-inflammatory activity.

Serratiopeptidase
Serratiopeptidase (Serratia E-15 protease, also known as serralysin, serrapeptase, serratiapeptase, serratia peptidase, serratio peptidase, or serrapeptidase) is a proteolytic enzyme (protease) produced by enterobacterium Serratia sp. E-15, now known as Serratia marcescens ATCC 21074.  This microorganism was originally isolated in the late 1960s from silkworm  (Bombyx mori L.) intestine.  Serratiopeptidase is present in the silkworm intestine and allows the emerging moth to dissolve its cocoon. Serratiopeptase is produced by purification from culture of Serratia E-15 bacteria. It is a member of the Peptidase M10B (Matrixin) family.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, North Carolina
This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

Madison County, North Carolina
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,193. Its county seat is Marshall. Madison County is part of the Asheville, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
All Saints' Church, Leipzig
The All Saints Church in Leipzig – also Church of the Ascension, All Saints' English and American Episcopal Church, Germanized Anglikanische Kirche and Anglo-Amerikanische Kirche – was an Anglican church building in the Bachviertel neighbourhood in the borough of Leipzig-Mitte.

Bachviertel
The Bachviertel (German pronunciation: [ˈbaxˌfɪʁtl̩], Bach Quarter), initially called "Viertel am Johannapark", is a Wilhelminian-style residential area in the west of Leipzig's borough Mitte in Saxony, Germany. According the administrative division of Leipzig, the Bachviertel is part of the locality Zentrum-West. It ist named after Johann Sebastian Bach.

The Bachviertel was built in the mid to late 19th century in the historic architectural style as an urban extension between Ferdinand-Lasalle-Strasse and Käthe-Kollwitz-Strasse and is considered to be particularly well preserved with its block development and its villas next to the Waldstraßenviertel. In particular, Leipzig's church music history is closely linked to the Bachviertel; it is home to the educational campus Forum Thomanum.
Ancus Marcius
Ancus Marcius (Classical Latin: [ˈaŋkʊs ˈmaːrkiʊs]) was the legendary fourth king of Rome, who traditionally reigned 24 years. Upon the death of the previous king, Tullus Hostilius, the Roman Senate appointed an interrex, who in turn called a session of the assembly of the people who elected the new king. Ancus is said to have ruled by waging war as Romulus did, while also promoting peace and religion as Numa Pompilius did.

Ancus Marcius was believed by many Romans to have been the namesake of the Marcii, a plebeian family.

Sabines
The Sabines (US: /ˈseɪbaɪnz/, SAY-bynes, UK: /ˈsæbaɪnz/, SAB-eyens; Latin: Sabini) were an Italic people who lived in the central Apennine Mountains (see Sabina) of the ancient Italian Peninsula, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome.

The Sabines divided into two populations just after the founding of Rome, which is described by Roman legend. The division, however it came about, is not legendary. The population closer to Rome transplanted itself to the new city and united with the preexisting citizenry, beginning a new heritage that descended from the Sabines but was also Latinized. The second population remained a mountain tribal state, coming finally to war against Rome for its independence along with all the other Italic tribes. Afterwards, it became assimilated into the Roman Republic.
Lord Douglas Gordon
Lord Douglas William Cope Gordon (11 October 1851 – 4 August 1888), was a Scottish Liberal Party politician.

Gordon was the fourth son of Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly, and his second wife Maria Antoinetta (née Pegus). Charles Gordon, 11th Marquess of Huntly, was his elder brother. He entered Parliament for West Aberdeenshire in 1876, a seat he held until 1880, and then represented Huntingdonshire from 1880 to 1885.

Gordon died unmarried in August 1888, aged 36.

Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly
Charles Gordon, 10th Marquess of Huntly (4 January 1792 – 18 September 1863), styled Lord Strathavon from 1794 to 1836 and Earl of Aboyne from 1836 to 1853, was a Scottish peer, politician, courtier, and cricketer. He was a Member of Parliament, first as a Tory (1818–1830) and then a Whig (1830 onwards).
Lavant (ward)
Lavant is an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England and returns one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Following a district boundary review, the former ward of Funtington was split and merged into Lavant in 2019. Part of the previous Lavant boundaries were also split into the new Goodwood ward.

Goodwood (ward)
Goodwood is an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England and returns one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Following a district boundary review, Goodwood was created from the Boxgrove and Lavant wards in 2019.
Liptovský Mikuláš
Liptovský Mikuláš (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈliptɔwskiː ˈmikulaːʂ] ⓘ; until 1952 Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš, German: Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus; Hungarian: Liptószentmiklós) is a town in northern Slovakia, on the Váh River, about 285 kilometers (177 mi) from Bratislava. It lies in the Liptov region, in Liptov Basin near the Low Tatra and Tatra mountains. The town, known as Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš (or Liptovský Saint Nicholas) before communist times, is also renowned as a town of guilds and culture.

Liptov
Liptov (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈliptɔw]) is a historical and geographical region in central Slovakia with around 140,000 inhabitants. The area is also known by the German name Liptau, the Hungarian Liptó, the Latin name Liptovium and the Polish Liptów.
BMW Z4 (E85)
The first generation of the BMW Z4 consists of the BMW E85 (roadster version) and BMW E86 (coupe version) sports cars. The E85/E86 generation was produced from 2002 to 2008. The E85/E86 replaced the Z3 and is the third model in the BMW Z Series. Initial models were in the roadster (E85) body style, with the coupé (E86) body style being added in 2006.  In February 2009, the BMW Z4 (E89) began production as the successor to the E85/E86.

As was its Z3 predecessor, the E85/E86 was manufactured in Greer, South Carolina.  The M model, the Z4 M, is powered by the S54 straight-six engine.

International Motor Show Germany
The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility trade fairs. It consists of two separate fairs, that subdivided in 1991. While the IAA Mobility displays passenger vehicles, motorcycles and bikes, the IAA Transportation specializes in commercial vehicles. Before the separation, the show was held solely at the Messe Frankfurt.

In 2021, the IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA Mobility, and moved to Munich.

The IAA is organized by the Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) and is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), who recognize the IAA as one of the "big five" most prestigious auto shows worldwide.
Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin
Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ øʒɛn ʁɔbɛʁ udɛ̃]; 7 December 1805 – 13 June 1871) was a French watchmaker, magician and illusionist, widely recognized as the father of the modern style of conjuring. He transformed magic from a pastime for the lower classes, seen at fairs, to an entertainment for the wealthy, which he offered in a theatre opened in Paris, a legacy preserved by the tradition of modern magicians performing in tails.

Automaton
An automaton (/ɔːˈtɒmətən/ ⓘ; pl.: automata or automatons) is a relatively self-operating machine or control mechanism designed to automatically follow a sequence of operations or respond to predetermined instructions. Some automata, such as bellstrikers in mechanical clocks, are designed to give the illusion to the casual observer that they are operating under their own power or will, like a mechanical robot. The term has long been commonly associated with automated puppets that resemble moving humans or animals, built to impress and/or to entertain people.

Animatronics are a modern type of automata with electronics, often used for the portrayal of characters or creatures in films and in theme park attractions.
Melo, Uruguay
Melo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmelo]) is the capital city of the Cerro Largo Department of north-eastern Uruguay. As of the census of 2023, it is the ninth most populated city of the country with a population of 56,013.

Juana de Ibarbourou
Juana Fernández Morales de Ibarbourou, also known as Juana de América, (March 8, 1892 – July 15, 1979) was a Uruguayan poet and one of the most popular writers of Spanish America. Her poetry, the earliest of which is often highly erotic, is notable for her identification of her feelings with nature around her. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1959, 1960 and 1963.