hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brooks County race war
The Brooks County "race war" was a series of lynchings of African-Americans committed in Brooks County, Georgia in the United States in December 1894.  It was called a "race war" at the time.

Around Christmas 1894, a group of whites attacked and killed five blacks (some reports at the time said seven) while claiming to be searching for black murderers.  Blacks in the county seat Quitman pled for aid from the Governor, while others went into hiding.  No significant action was taken to stop the killing until the mob reached the plantation of Mitchell Brice.  One of the richest planters in the area, Brice threatened to react harshly to any further violence and perhaps press formal legal charges.   His main problem was with the mistreatment of his plantation workers.

On December 26, the governor ordered in the Valdosta Videttes (a volunteer military company), and claimed to find peace already restored.

Brooks County, Georgia
Brooks County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia, on its southern border with Florida. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,301. The county seat is Quitman. The county was created in 1858 from portions of Lowndes and Thomas counties by an act of the Georgia General Assembly and was named for pro-slavery U.S. Representative Preston Brooks, after he severely beat abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner with a cane for delivering a speech attacking slavery. Brooks County is included in the Valdosta metropolitan statistical area.
Buxton with Lamas
Buxton with Lamas is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It includes the villages of Buxton to the west of the River Bure, Lamas on the eastern side of the river, and the hamlet of Little Hautbois.

The River Bure is crossed by the Bure Valley Railway on a 105-foot (32 m) long girder bridge. Buxton has a halt on the railway. The former railway station on the Great Eastern Railway was called Buxton Lamas and closed in the 1960s. Buxton Watermill is on the river.

For local government purposes, the two villages jointly elect Buxton with Lamas Parish Council, and fall within the area covered by Broadland District Council. The civil parish had a population of 1,684 at the 2011 census.

Little Hautbois
Little Hautbois is a small hamlet in Broadland, England, part of the parish of Lamas. The name is pronounced 'Hobbis', and can be seen thus spelled on a memorial on the outside of nearby Lamas Church. The population of the hamlet is included in the civil parish of Buxton with Lamas.  In the Middle Ages, the settlement of Great Hautbois was the head of the navigation on the River Bure, and it is thought Little Hautbois developed from that. The name, which can be translated to "High Woods" in English, is taken from that of the de Alto Bosco, or de Haut Bois, family, who acquired these lands at the Norman Conquest (alternatively, they may have taken the name from the settlement, Blomefield being uncertain on this point.
Sōkan
This is an article on Buddhist rankings. For the artist, see Yamazaki Sōkan.

Sōkan (僧官) is the Japanese system of rankings for clergy in Buddhism in Japan. There are three ranks, collectively known as Sōgō (僧綱), comprising ten categories or levels, followed by a series of titles known collectively as sōi (僧位). There is an abridged form for each of the three ranks; monastics or priests are often referred to by their rank rather than title.

Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE. Most of the Japanese Buddhists belong to new schools of Buddhism which were established in the Kamakura period (1185－1333). During the Edo period (1603–1868), Buddhism was controlled by the feudal Shogunate. The Meiji period (1868–1912) saw a strong response against Buddhism, with persecution and a forced separation between Buddhism and Shinto (Shinbutsu bunri).

The largest sects of Japanese Buddhism are Pure Land Buddhism with 22 million believers, followed by Nichiren Buddhism with 10 million believers, Shingon Buddhism with 5.4 million, Zen Buddhism with 5.3 million, Tendai Buddhism with 2.8 million, and only about 700,000 for the six old schools established in the Nara period (710－794).
Hansgünther Heyme
Hansgünther Heyme (born 22 August 1935) is a German theatre director and prominent figure in the Regietheater movement of the 1960s and 70s. Born in Bad Mergentheim, he studied at Heidelberg University and then under the German director Erwin Piscator. Heyme was the artistic director of the Staatstheater Wiesbaden from 1964 to 1967, the Schauspiel Köln (Cologne's principal theatre) from 1968 to 1979, the Württemberg State Theatre in Stuttgart from 1979 to 1986, the Ruhrfestspiele theatre festival from 1990 to 2003, and the Theater im Pfalzbau in Ludwigshafen from 2004 to 2014. Now in his 80s, he continues to work as a freelance director.

Peter W. Marx
Peter W. Marx (born 1973 in Limburg an der Lahn) is a German Theatre and Performance studies Scholar. He is the chairperson of Theatre and Media Studies at the University of Cologne where he is the director of its Theaterwissenschaftliche Sammlung as well.

Marx is recognized for his research on metropolitan culture at the beginning of the 20th century as well as on Max Reinhardt with an emphasis on Cultural Studies. In addition, his work focuses on contemporary theatre and Shakespeare in performance, particularly on "Hamlet" as a figure of cultural mobility.
Boa sigma
Boa sigma, known commonly as the Mexican west coast boa constrictor, is a species of snake in the family Boidae. The species is endemic to western Mexico. Boa sigma has previously been regarded as conspecific with Boa constrictor, and later with Boa imperator; however, in 2016, it was suggested on genetic grounds that Boa sigma should be regarded as a separate species.

Boa constrictor
The boa constrictor (scientific name also Boa constrictor), also known as the common boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the family Boidae. The species is native to tropical South America. A staple of private collections and public displays, its color pattern is highly variable yet distinctive. Four subspecies are recognized.
R762 road (Ireland)
The R762 road is a regional road in County Wicklow, Ireland, which connects the R761 at Greystones to the N11 national primary road.

The route runs east via Rathdown Road, turns south through the town as Church Road before turning west as Mill Road.  It again intersects the R761 via a double junction at Delgany and then runs eastwards as Delgany Road and then Glen Road before terminating in the N11 at junction 10 located at the southern end of the Glen of the Downs Nature reserve.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
CP Urban Services
The CP Urban Services network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Lisbon, Metropolitan Coimbra, and Metropolitan Porto, Portugal. It is a Comboios de Portugal subdivision, with the objective of connecting city centers with suburbs and nearby towns. Its divided in: CP Lisbon, CP Porto, and CP Coimbra.

Lisbon Metro
The Lisbon Metro (Portuguese: Metro de Lisboa) is a rapid transit system in Lisbon, Portugal. Opened in December 1959, it was the first rapid transit system in Portugal. 
As of 2023, the system's four lines total 44.5 kilometres (27.7 mi) of route and serve 56 stations.
Prisoners of Geography
Prisoners of Geography: Ten Maps That Tell You Everything You Need to Know About Global Politics is a 2015 non-fiction book about geopolitics by the British author and journalist Tim Marshall.

The author has also released a children's illustrated version of this book in 2019, Prisoners of Geography - Our World Explained in 12 Simple Maps, nominated for Waterstones Book of the Year. The Power of Geography, a sequel, was released in 2021. In 2025, a revised 10-year anniversary edition was released, updating the book's coverage to include geopolitical developments up to and through that year.

The Power of Geography
The Power of Geography: Ten Maps that Reveal the Future of Our World is a book on geopolitics by the British author and journalist Tim Marshall. It was published by Elliott & Thompson in 2021 and is the sequel to his 2015 book Prisoners of Geography.
Ballinasloe railway station
Ballinasloe railway station (Irish: Stáisiún Iarnróid Bhéal Átha na Sluaighe) is a railway station in Ballinasloe, County Galway. It is operated by Iarnród Éireann (IÉ). Opened in 1851, this railway station is a fine and imposing Tudor style building, designed by George Wilkinson.

The station is on the Dublin to Galway Rail service. Passengers to or from Westport travel to Athlone and change trains. Passengers to or from Limerick and Ennis travel to Athenry and change trains.

Ballinasloe
Ballinasloe (/ˌbælnəˈsloʊ/ bal-na-SLOH; Irish: Béal Átha na Sluaighe, meaning 'mouth of the ford of the crowds') is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway, Ireland, situated on the River Suck, which forms the boundary with County Roscommon. Located at an ancient crossing point on the river, evidence of ancient settlement in the area includes a number of Bronze Age sites. Built around a 12th-century castle, which defended the fording point, the modern town of Ballinasloe was "founded" in the early 13th century. As of the 2022 census, it was one of the largest towns in County Galway, with a population of 6,597 people.
Pir Husayn Chubani
Pir Husayn Chubani (Amīr Pīr Ḥusayn b. Shaykh Maḥmūd b. Chopān) was a Chobanid Amir and governor of the region of Fars from 1339 to 1342. He was one of the four sons of Shaikh Mahmoud, who had been Chobanid Governor of Armenia and Georgia until 1327, himself son of Chupan.

Abu Ishaq Inju
Abu Ishaq Inju, or Abū Esḥāq (1321–58, Persian: ابو اسحاق اینجو) was the last Injuid ruler from 1343 to 1357. He was the youngest of four sons of Šaraf-al-dīn Maḥmūd Shah b. Moḥammad Īnǰū, who had been the governor of Fārs for the last Mongol Il-khan, Sultan Abu Sa'id, until the latter's death in 1335.
Surfers Paradise
Surfers Paradise (colloquially known as Surfers) is a central suburb of the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Surfers Paradise had a population of 26,412 people.

The suburb has many high-rise apartment buildings and a wide surf beach. The feature of the heart of the suburb is Cavill Mall, which runs through the shopping and entertainment  precinct. Cavill Avenue, named after Jim Cavill, an early hotel owner, is one of the busiest shopping strips in Queensland, and the centre of activity for night life.  One of the features of the area is the Surfers Paradise Meter Maids designed to build goodwill with tourists.

Surfers Paradise is the Gold Coast's main entertainment and tourism centre and the suburb's many high-rise buildings are the best known feature of the city's skyline.

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Surfers Paradise was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "location".

G:link
G:link, also known as the Gold Coast Light Rail, the Gold Coast tram or simply the 'G, is a light rail system serving the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, and is the sole light rail system in Queensland. The system forms part of Translink's South East Queensland public transport network and consists of a single 20 km (12 mi) line of nineteen stations. Helensvale railway station is the northern terminus of the system, while Broadbeach South serves as the southern terminus. The line initially opened on 20 July 2014 and was subsequently extended northwest from Gold Coast University Hospital to Helensvale on 17 December 2017.
Malka Rokeach
Malka Rokeach (Hebrew: מלכה רוקח) (1780-1850 CE) was the first rebbetzin of the Hasidic dynasty of Belz. She was the wife of Rabbi Sholom Rokeach, the first rebbe of Belz, and the mother of the second rebbe of the dynasty, Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach. She was directly involved in the ongoings in her husband's court.

Belz (Hasidic dynasty)
Belz (Yiddish: בעלזא) is a Hasidic dynasty founded in the town of Belz in Western Ukraine, near the Polish border, historically the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. The group was founded in the early 19th century by Rabbi Shalom Rokeach, also known as the Sar Shalom, and led by his son, Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach, his grandson, Rabbi Yissachar Dov, and great-grandson, Rabbi Aharon, before the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939. While Aharon managed to escape Europe, together with his brother Rabbi Mordechai Rokeach, most of the Belz Hasidim were murdered in the Holocaust. Aharon re-established the Hasidic community in Israel following World War II. As of the 2020s, Belz has sizable communities in Israel, Western Europe, and the Anglosphere.
Dordrecht
Dordrecht (Dutch: [ˈdɔrdrɛxt] ⓘ), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, pronounced [dɔrt] ⓘ) or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, and Zoetermeer, with a population of 123,000 (2025).

The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called Het Eiland van Dordt ("the Island of Dordt"), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands.

Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Sonny Vincent
Sonny Vincent (born July 7, 1952) is an American rock musician. He has been active in music since the '60s—in particular the mid-1970s, when he was part of the New York City punk rock scene with his original band, Testors. Vincent is currently active in music, film, multi-media art, and writing.
His pedigree includes mid-70s Testors' performances at C.B.G.B. and Max's Kansas City. Always active in his own bands, Vincent also spent time touring and recording for 9 years as Maureen "Moe" Tucker and Sterling Morrison's guitar player (both of the Velvet Underground.) Members of Vincent's bands include a vast range of players/characters, from the drummer of the Stooges, Scott Asheton, to Charles Manson's one-time guitar player, Ernie Knapp.

Moe Tucker
Maureen Ann "Moe" Tucker (born August 26, 1944) is an American retired musician, singer, and songwriter who achieved international fame as the drummer of the rock band the Velvet Underground. Tucker occasionally sang lead vocals with the group, including the songs "After Hours" and "I'm Sticking With You".

After the Velvet Underground disbanded in the early 1970s, she took a hiatus to focus on her marriage and family. She returned in the 1980s, and, until the late 2000s, released four studio albums and performed as a session musician. In 1996, Tucker was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Velvet Underground.
Şurud
Şurud (anglicized as Shurud), also Shorot (Armenian: Շոռոթ) or Shurut (Armenian: Շուրութ) is a village and municipality in the Julfa District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is located 23 km to the north of the district center, on the slope of the Zangezur mountain range.

It has a population of 180, primarily occupied in farming and animal husbandry. There are a secondary school, a club, a library, a communication center, and a medical center in the village.

St. Astvatsatsin Monastery (Shurud)
St. Astvatsatsin Monastery or Kusakan Monastery was an Armenian monastery located in the village of Shurud (Julfa District) of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. The monastery was located approximately 1 km north of the village.
Madukani
Madukani (Kata ya Madukani, in Swahili) is an administrative ward of the Dodoma Municipal Council of  the Dodoma Region in Tanzania. Uhuru ward borders the ward on its northern side. Tambukareli and Viwandani border the ward to the east. Wards Kilimani and Hazina are to the south. Majengo ward borders the ward to the west. The Dodoma Regional Hospital, the biggest hospital in the region, is located in the ward. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 5,214.

Dodoma Municipal Council
Dodoma City District, officially the Dodoma Municipal Council (Halimashauri ya  Manispaaa ya Dodoma, in Swahili) is one of seven districts of the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. It is bordered to the west by Bahi District, and to the east by Chamwino District. It covers an area of 2,607 km2 (1,007 sq mi).  The district is comparable in size to the land area of Luxembourg. Its administrative seat is the city of Dodoma, also the legislative capital of Tanzania. The 2012 National Tanzania Census states the population for the district as 410,956.
George Penruddock
Sir George Penruddock (by 1527 – 8 July 1581) was an English politician.

He was a younger son of Edward Penruddock of Arkleby, Cumberland and entered the service of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke.

He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Salisbury in March 1553, Wiltshire in 1558 and 1572, and Downton in 1571.

He was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 1562–63 and High Sheriff of Hertfordshire for 1567–68. By 1565 he was an Esquire of the Body. He was knighted at Hatfield in 1568 by Robert, Earl of Leicester.

He married twice: first Elizabeth, the daughter and heiress of William Apryce of Faulstone, Wiltshire, with whom he had 2 sons, and secondly Anne, the daughter of Thomas Goodere of Monken Hadley, Hertfordshire and widow of John Cock of London and Broxbourne.

High Sheriff of Wiltshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and (after 1 April 1974) high sheriffs of Wiltshire.

Until the 14th century, the shrievalty was held ex officio by the castellans of Old Sarum Castle.

On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Wiltshire was retitled as High Sheriff of Wiltshire.
Gujarati grammar
The grammar of the Gujarati language is the study of the word order, case marking, verb conjugation, and other morphological and syntactic structures of the Gujarati language, an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat and spoken by the Gujarati people. This page overviews the grammar of standard Gujarati, and is written in a romanization (see Gujarati script#Romanization). Hovering the mouse cursor over underlined forms will reveal the appropriate English translation.

Gujarati script
The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ Gujarātī lipi) is an abugida for the Gujarati language, Kutchi language, and various other languages. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. It is a variant of the Devanagari script differentiated by the loss of the Shirorekhā, the characteristic horizontal line running above the letters and by a number of modifications to some characters.

Gujarati numerical digits are also different from their Devanagari counterparts.
Mixed-NOCs at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Teams made up of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs), called mixed-NOCs teams, participated in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics. These teams participated in either events composed entirely of mixed-NOCs teams, or in events which saw the participation of mixed-NOCs teams and non-mixed-NOCs teams. When a mixed-NOCs team won a medal, the Olympic flag was raised rather than a national flag; if a mixed-NOCs team won gold, the Olympic anthem would be played instead of national anthems. A total of 6 events with Mixed NOCs were held.

Mixed-NOCs at the Youth Olympics
Mixed-NOCs (IOC code: MIX) are Youth Olympic Games teams consisting of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs). The concept of mixed-NOCs was introduced at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, in which athletes from different nations would compete in the same team. It was also used in multiple sports at the Winter Youth Olympics since 2012.
Black-naped fruit dove
The black-naped fruit dove (Ptilinopus melanospilus), also known as the black-headed fruit dove, is a medium-sized, up to 24 cm (9.4 in) long, green fruit dove with yellowish bill and iris. The male has a pale grey head with a black nape, yellow throat, and golden yellow and pink undertail coverts. The plumage of the female and the young is entirely green.

Fruit dove
The fruit doves, also known as fruit pigeons, are a genus (Ptilinopus) of birds in the pigeon and dove family (Columbidae). These colourful, frugivorous doves are found in forests and woodlands in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with nearly 50 species, some threatened or already extinct. This genus formerly included two fruit doves that are now placed in the genus Megaloprepia and nine fruit doves that are now placed in the genus Ramphiculus.
William Sample
William Dodge Sample (March 9, 1898 – October 2, 1945) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy and an Escort Carrier Division commander in World War II. He was the youngest rear admiral in the Pacific Theater of World War II.

USS Suwannee (CVE-27)
USS Suwannee (AVG/ACV/CVE-27), was a US Navy escort carrier of World War II. Originally built as Markay, one of twelve tankers built by a joint Navy-Maritime Commission design. This design was later duplicated and designated a T3-S2-A1 oiler. She was acquired by the Navy in 1941, and renamed Suwannee (AO-33), a Cimarron-class fleet oiler. In 1942, she was converted to a Sangamon-class escort carrier. Originally classified as an "Aircraft Escort Vessel", AVG-27, on 14 February 1942, she was reclassified an "Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier", ACV-27, 20 August 1942, before finally being classified as an "Escort Carrier", CVE-27, 15 July 1943. After the war, she was later classified an "Escort Helicopter Aircraft Carrier" and again redesignated, CVHE-27, 12 June 1955. She was named after the Suwannee River, in Georgia and Florida.
Weeford
Weeford is a village and civil parish in the Lichfield district of Staffordshire, England. According to the 2011 Census, the parish had a population of 215, an increase from 202 in the 2001 Census.

The name Weeford is believed to come from the Old English Wēohford or Wēoford, and to mean "Holy ford", or "ford by a heathen temple".

The medieval church is dedicated to St Mary the Virgin, and listed Grade II. It was rebuilt to its present form in 1802, to a design by James Wyatt. Wyatt had himself been born at Blackbrook Farm in Weeford in 1746, and by 1802 had already designed such buildings as the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford and Broadway Tower, Worcestershire.

Manley Hall (also known as Thickbroom Hall) was an English Tudor-style country house which at one time stood in a 1200-acre estate on the western outskirts of the village.

Lichfield District
Lichfield District (UK: /ˈlɪtʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. The district is named after its largest settlement, the city of Lichfield, which is where the district council is based. The district also contains the towns of Burntwood and Fazeley, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, including part of Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Cannock Chase, Stafford, East Staffordshire, South Derbyshire, North West Leicestershire, North Warwickshire, Tamworth, Birmingham and Walsall.