hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1979 Davis Cup Americas Zone
The Americas Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1979 Davis Cup.

13 teams entered the Americas Zone in total, with 6 teams entering the North & Central America Zone and 7 teams entering the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone advanced to the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, with the winner going on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.

The United States defeated Colombia in the North & Central America Zone final, and Argentina defeated Chile in the South America Zone final. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final the United States defeated Argentina and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1979 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1979 Davis Cup.

10 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with 6 teams competing in the preliminary round to join the previous year's semifinalists in the main draw. Japan and India received byes into the quarterfinals, while Australia and New Zealand received byes into the semifinals. The winner of the main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.

Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.
505th Command and Control Wing
The United States Air Force's 505th Command and Control Wing is organized under the United States Air Force Warfare Center. The wing is dedicated to improving readiness through integrated training, tactics development and operational testing for command and control of air, space and cyberspace. It hosts the Air Force's only Air Operations Center Formal Training Unit at Hurlburt Field, Florida.

The unit was first activated in 1947 under Air Defense Command (ADC) as the 505th Aircraft Control and Warning Group.  It controlled radar units in the northwest until inactivating in February 1952, during a general reorganization of ADC.

It was activated again during the Vietnam War in November 1965.  It initially commanded both aircraft warning units and forward air control squadrons, but in December 1966, those units were transferred to the 505th Tactical Air Control Group.  It continued to manage the airspace over South Vietnam until the American withdrawal in 1973.

Naselle Air Force Station
Naselle Air Force Station (ADC ID: P-57, NORAD ID: Z-57) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north of Naselle, Washington.  It was decommissioned by the Air Force in 1966 and later used for commercial and recreational uses.
Thomas J. Haas
Thomas Joseph Haas (born March 5, 1951) is an American academic who is a former president of Grand Valley State University (GVSU)  and a chemistry professor. He currently holds the title of President Emeritus. Prior to serving at GVSU, Haas was president of the State University of New York at Cobleskill from 2003 to 2006. In 2018, Haas announced his retirement from the GVSU presidency. The GVSU Board of Trustees selected Philomena Mantella as the university's next president, effective July 1, 2019.

Philomena Mantella
Philomena V. Mantella (born 1955) is the current president of Grand Valley State University, in Allendale, Michigan. On January 22, 2019 she was elected by the Grand Valley State University Board of Trustees to be that institution's fifth president. She is the first woman to serve in the position, succeeding Thomas Haas, who announced his retirement in 2018. Her term began July 1, 2019.  On November 4th, 2022, the GVSU Board of Trustees extended her tenure through June of 2029.
Coxsackievirus
Coxsackieviruses are a few related enteroviruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family of nonenveloped, linear, positive-sense, single-stranded, RNA viruses, as well as its genus Enterovirus, which also includes poliovirus and echovirus. Enteroviruses are among the most common and important human pathogens, and ordinarily its members are transmitted by the fecal–oral route. Coxsackieviruses share many characteristics with poliovirus. With control of poliovirus infections in much of the world, more attention has been focused on understanding the nonpolio enteroviruses such as coxsackievirus.

Coxsackieviruses are among the leading causes of aseptic meningitis (the other usual suspected pathogens being echovirus and mumps virus).

The entry of coxsackievirus into cells, especially endothelial cells, is mediated by coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor.

Poliovirus
Poliovirus, the causative agent of polio (also known as poliomyelitis), is a serotype of the species Enterovirus C, in the family of Picornaviridae.  There are three poliovirus serotypes, numbered 1, 2, and 3.

Poliovirus is composed of an RNA genome and a protein capsid. The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) genome that is about 7500 nucleotides long. The viral particle is about 30 nm in diameter with icosahedral symmetry. Because of its short genome and its simple composition—only a strand of RNA and a nonenveloped icosahedral protein coat encapsulating it—poliovirus is widely regarded as the simplest significant virus.

Poliovirus is one of the most well-characterized viruses, and has become a useful model system for understanding the biology of RNA viruses.
Yanghu Wetland Park
Yanghu Wetland Park (simplified Chinese: 洋湖湿地公园; traditional Chinese: 洋湖濕地公園; pinyin: Yánghú Shīdì Gōngyuán) is a public wetland park in China, located at the western Changsha, Hunan. Covering an area of 0.53 square kilometres (0.20 sq mi), the park was established in 2010 and opened to the public in 2011. Located in the subdistrict of Yanghu, Yuelu District, Yanghu Wetland Park is bordered by Jin River on the South and east, South Xiaoxiang Avenue on the West, and Yanghu Avenue on the North.

Yanghu
Yanghu Subdistrict (Chinese: 洋湖街道; pinyin: Yánghú Jiēdào) is a subdistrict of Yuelu District in Changsha, Hunan, China. It is historically the territory of Yanghu Township (洋湖乡), Wangcheng County in 1951. The subdistrict covers an area of 23.88 square kilometres (9.22 sq mi) with a registered population of 24,896 (as of 2015). It has three villages and three communities under its jurisdiction.
British Nationality Act 1772
The British Nationality Act 1772 (13 Geo. 3. c. 21) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It was a British nationality law which made general provision allowing natural-born allegiance (citizenship) to be assumed if the father alone was British.

The act was one of the British Subjects Acts 1708 to 1772.

British Nationality Act
British Nationality Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom relating to nationality.

The Bill for an Act with this short title will have been known as a British Nationality Bill during its passage through Parliament.
Excluded point topology
In mathematics, the excluded point topology is a topology where exclusion of a particular point defines openness.  Formally, let X be any non-empty set and p ∈ X.  The collection

of subsets of X is then the excluded point topology on X.  There are a variety of cases which are individually named:

If X has two points, it is called the Sierpiński space. This case is somewhat special and is handled separately.

If X is finite (with at least 3 points), the topology on X is called the finite excluded point topology

If X is countably infinite, the topology on X is called the countable  excluded point topology

If X is uncountable, the topology on X is called the uncountable excluded point topology

A generalization is the open extension topology; if  has the discrete topology, then the open extension topology on  is the excluded point topology.

This topology is used to provide interesting examples and counterexamples.

Sierpiński space
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed.
It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński.

The Sierpiński space has important relations to the theory of computation and semantics, because it is the classifying space for open sets in the Scott topology.
Yasin Hayal
Yasin Hayal (born 1981) is a Turkish criminal who was sentenced to a life sentence for inciting the assassination of Turkish Armenian journalist Hrant Dink. He has served a ten-month prison term for bombing a McDonald's restaurant in the city of Trabzon, Turkey. He has been on trial for inciting Ogün Samast to assassinate Turkish Armenian journalist Hrant Dink. On January 16, 2012, Hayal was found guilty of soliciting Dink's murder by a Turkish court and sentenced to life imprisonment. The ruling was later abolished, and in a new trial Hayal was sentenced to 7 and a half years imprisonment in July 2019, this time for being in charge of an armed group.

Yasin Hayal is a former member of the Turkish ultra-nationalist Great Union Party (BBP), of which he was expelled before the assassination of Dink.

Assassination of Hrant Dink
The prominent Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was assassinated in Istanbul on 19 January 2007. Dink was a newspaper editor who had written and spoken about the Armenian genocide and was well known for his efforts for reconciliation between Turks and Armenians and his advocacy of human and minority rights in Turkey. At the time of his death, he was on trial for violating Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code and "denigrating Turkishness". His murder sparked both massive national protests in Turkey itself as well as widespread international outrage.

Dink was assassinated by Ogün Samast who was sentenced to at least 25 years in prison. Erhan Tuncel, who orchestrated the assassination, received 99 1/2 years in prison.
Sir Thomas Metcalfe, 4th Baronet
Sir Thomas Theophilus Metcalfe, 4th Baronet, (2 January 1795 – 3 November 1853) was an East India Company civil servant and agent of the Governor General of India at the imperial court of the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Emily Bayley
Emily Anne Theophila, Lady Clive Bayley (née Metcalfe; 31 August 1830 – 6 March 1911) was an English memoirist. A book of her reminiscences was published in 1980. Edited by M. M. Kaye, it was called The Golden Calm: An English Lady's Life in Moghul Delhi: Reminiscences by Emily, Lady Clive Bayley, and by Her Father Sir Thomas Metcalfe.

In 1844, her father sent her an illustrated book that he had commissioned. Known as the Delhi Book, it is currently housed in the British Museum.
Carlo Maratta
Carlo Maratta or Maratti (18 May 1625 – 15 December 1713) was an Italian Baroque painter and draughtsman, active principally in Rome where he was the leading painter in the second half of the 17th century. He was a fresco and canvas painter who painted in a wide range of genres, including history and portrait painting. He is the leading representative of the classicizing style in the Italian Late Baroque.  He worked for prominent clients in Rome, including various popes.

Pope Clement XI
Pope Clement XI (Latin: Clemens XI; Italian: Clemente XI; Albanian: Klementi XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721.

Clement XI was a patron of the arts and of science. He was also a great benefactor of the Vatican Library; his interest in archaeology is credited with saving much of Rome's antiquity. He authorized expeditions which succeeded in rediscovering various ancient Christian writings and authorized excavations of the Roman catacombs.
Amorphotheca resinae
Amorphotheca resinae is an ascomycete fungus of the family Amorphothecaceae which is known to thrive in environments containing alkanes (and water), like aviation fuel, from which it derives its trivial name 'kerosene fungus'. As such it belongs to the heterogenous group of microbial contaminants of diesel fuel.

Amorphothecaceae
The Amorphothecaceae are a family of fungi in the division Ascomycota. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis). It contains the single genus Amorphotheca.

In nature, Amorphothecaceae exist under Taxus trees. The only known species within this family, Amorphotheca resinae (also known as Hormoconis resinae or Cladosporium resinae), can live in tanks of diesel or jet fuel, consuming alkanes and traces of water, which can cause problems for airliners and boats.
Easthampton, Massachusetts
Easthampton is a city in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The city is in the Pioneer Valley, near the five colleges in the college towns of Northampton and Amherst. The population was 16,211 at the 2020 census.

Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Hampshire County is a historical and judicial county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 162,308. Its most populous municipality is Amherst (due to seasonal student population; the largest year-round is Northampton, which is also its traditional county seat), and its largest town in terms of landmass is Belchertown. The county is named after the county Hampshire, in England. Hampshire County is part of the Springfield, MA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Together with Hampden County, Hampshire County municipalities belong to the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission.
John J. Raskob
John Jakob Raskob, KCSG (March 19, 1879 – October 15, 1950) was a financial executive and businessman for DuPont and General Motors, and the builder of the Empire State Building. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1928 to 1932 and a key supporter of Alfred E. Smith's candidacy for President of the United States.

After Franklin D. Roosevelt became president, Raskob became a prominent opponent of the New Deal through his support of a number of anti-Roosevelt organizations such as the American Liberty League. Raskob was also a leader in the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment and a Treasurer for the Knights of Malta.

Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment was established in 1918 and became a leading organization working for the repeal of prohibition in the United States. It was the first group created to fight Prohibition, also known as the 18th Amendment. The group was officially incorporated on December 31, 1920. Its activities consisted of meetings, protests, and distribution of informational pamphlets and it operated solely upon voluntary financial contribution. Due to low amount of financial contributions, the Association was largely stagnant until prominent members joined in the mid-1920s.
Teachers Union
The New York City Teachers Union or "TU" (1916–1964) was the first New York labor union for teachers, formed as "AFT Local 5" of the American Federation of Teachers, which found itself hounded throughout its history due largely to co-membership of many of its members in the Communist Party USA (CPUSA).

United Public Workers of America
The United Public Workers of America (1946–1952) was an American labor union representing federal, state, county, and local government employees. The union challenged the constitutionality of the Hatch Act of 1939, which prohibited federal executive branch employees from engaging in politics. In United Public Workers of America v. Mitchell, 330 U.S. 75 (1947), the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Hatch Act, finding that its infringement on the Constitutional rights was outweighed by the need to end political corruption. The union's leadership was Communist, and in a famous purge the union was ejected from its parent trade union federation, the Congress of Industrial Organizations, in 1950.

The union is sometimes confused with the United Federal Workers of America (a predecessor union) and the United Office and Professional Workers of America (UOPWA) (a union of white-collar, private-sector office workers which also belonged to the Congress of Industrial Organizations).
Census in China
Forms of Chinese census have been held since antiquity and throughout the imperial period. Modern censuses under the Republic and People's Republic of China were initially irregular. From 1990, the National Population Census of the People's Republic of China has been held decennially at the end of each decade.

National Bureau of Statistics of China
The National Bureau of Statistics (Chinese: 国家统计局) is a deputy-ministerial level agency directly under the State Council of China. Established in August 1952, the bureau is responsible for collection, investigation, research and publication of statistics concerning the nation's economy, population and other aspects of the society.

Kang Yi has served as the commissioner of the bureau since 3 March 2022.
Maramureș dialect
The Maramureș dialect (subdialectul/graiul maramureșean) is one of the dialects of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian). Its geographic distribution covers approximately the historical region of Maramureș, now split between Romania and Ukraine.

Romanian dialects
Romanian dialects (Romanian: subdialecte or graiuri) are divided into two types, northern and southern, but further subdivisions are less clear, so the number of dialects varies between two and occasionally twenty. Most recent works seem to favor a number of three clear dialects, corresponding to the regions of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Banat (all of which actually extend into Transylvania), and an additional group of varieties covering the remainder of Transylvania, two of which are more clearly distinguished, in Crișana and Maramureș, that is, a total of five.

The main criteria used in their classification are the phonetic features. Of less importance are the morphological, syntactical, and lexical particularities, as they are too small to provide clear distinctions. All Romanian dialects are mutually intelligible.
Neundorf bei Lobenstein
Neundorf (bei Lobenstein) (German pronunciation: [ˈnɔʏndɔʁf], lit. 'Neundorf near Lobenstein') is a village and a former municipality in the district Saale-Orla-Kreis, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the municipality Rosenthal am Rennsteig.

Bad Lobenstein
Bad Lobenstein (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈloːbn̩ˌʃtaɪn] ⓘ) is a spa town in the Saale-Orla-Kreis district, in Thuringia, Germany with a population of about 6,000 inhabitants. Until 2005, the town was named Lobenstein.

The town, grouped round a rock, upon which stand the ruins of an old castle, is exceedingly picturesque. It contains a spacious parish church, a palace (until 1824 the residence of the princes of Reuss-Lobenstein-Ebersdorf), and a hydropathic establishment. At the beginning of the twentieth century, local industries included dyeing, brewing and cigar-making.
Uzbekistan national football team
The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi / Ўзбекистон миллий футбол терма жамоаси) represents Uzbekistan in men's international football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan holds the highest competitive results among teams from Central Asia. At the 2011 Asian Cup, Uzbekistan reached the semi-finals of the tournament for the first time. At other competitions such as the Asian Games, Uzbekistan won the gold medal in 1994 in Japan, while finishing as the runners-up at the Afro-Asian Cup of Nations in 1995. They qualified for the FIFA World Cup for the first time in 2026.

2025 CAFA Nations Cup
The 2025 CAFA  Nations Cup was the second edition of the CAFA Nations Cup, the biennial international men's football championship of Central Asia organized by the Central Asian Football Association (CAFA). The event was held in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan from August 29 to September 8. Iran were the defending champions.

The final took place on 8 September at the Olympic City Stadium in Tashkent, between hosts Uzbekistan and Iran. Uzbekistan won the match 1–0 to claim their first CAFA Nations Cup title.
Wittelsbacher Tower (Bad Kissingen)
The Wittelsbacher Jubiläumsturm is a look-out at the "Scheinberg", a hill which is 400 metres high and located in Arnshausen, a quarter of the German spa town of Bad Kissingen. The tower belongs to the heritage registers of Bad Kissingen and has an entry in the List of Heritage Registers in Bavaria.

Bad Kissingen
Bad Kissingen (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈkɪsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a German spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and seat of the district Bad Kissingen. Situated to the south of the Rhön Mountains on the Franconian Saale river, it is one of the health resorts, which became famous as a "Weltbad" in the 19th century.

In 2021 the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Great Spa Towns of Europe", because of its famous mineral springs and its architecture exemplifying the popularity of spa resorts in Europe during the 18th through 20th centuries.
Moscow State University
The Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university.

MSU Faculty of Psychology
MSU Faculty of Psychology (Russian: Факультет психологии МГУ) is a faculty of the Moscow State University, which was established in 1966 and headed by Aleksei Leontiev until his death in 1979. At various times, a number of researchers have worked at the Faculty, such as Sergei Rubinstein, Alexander Luria, Eugene Sokolov, Chingis Izmailov, Galperin, Bluma Zeigarnik, and Daniil Yelkonin.
Fox hunting
Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, normally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of hounds"), follow the hounds on foot or on horseback.

Fox hunting with hounds, as a formalised activity, originated in England in the sixteenth century, in a form very similar to that practised until February 2005, when a law banning the activity in England and Wales came into force. A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002, but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, France, Ireland and the United States.

The sport is controversial, particularly in the United Kingdom. Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture and useful for reasons of conservation and pest control, while opponents argue it is cruel and unnecessary.

Trail hunting
Trail hunting is a legal, although controversial, activity in Great Britain in which hounds follow an artificially placed scent trail, rather than hunting live animals. A trail of animal urine, most commonly from a fox, is laid in advance, and is subsequently followed by a pack of hounds and accompanying followers on foot, horseback, or both.
Arrow Unit
The Arrow Unit (Arabic: وحدة سهم, romanized: Wahdat Sahm) is a plain-clothed police unit of the Hamas-controlled police force in the Gaza Strip that was formed in 2024 during the Gaza war. The unit is a participant in the Hamas–Popular Forces conflict.

Hamas–Popular Forces conflict
The Hamas–Popular Forces conflict is an ongoing civil conflict in the Gaza Strip that began in May 2024. It involves clashes between the Hamas-led government in Gaza and the Popular Forces, a Palestinian militia backed by Israel and allegedly linked to the Islamic State (IS).