hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Aldrich Ames
Aldrich Hazen Ames (/eɪmz/; May 26, 1941 – January 5, 2026) was an American CIA counterintelligence officer who was convicted of espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union and Russia in 1994. He served a life sentence, without the possibility of parole, in various federal prisons until his death in 2026 at the Federal Correctional Institution in Cumberland, Maryland. Ames was responsible for the arrest and eventual execution of numerous Soviet and Russian officials secretly working on behalf of the U.S. intelligence community, and had compromised more highly classified CIA assets than any other intelligence officer at the time of his arrest until the arrest of FBI agent Robert Hanssen seven years later in 2001. Both Ames and Hanssen were recruited by Victor Cherkashin, a high-ranking KGB officer.

Dmitri Polyakov
Dmitri Fyodorovich Polyakov (Russian: Дмитрий Фёдорович Поляков; 6 July 1921 – 15 March 1988) was a major general in the Soviet GRU during the Cold War. According to former high-level KGB officer Sergey Kondrashev, Polyakov acted as a KGB disinformation agent at the FBI's New York City field office when he was posted at United Nations headquarters in 1962. Kondrashev's post-Cold War friend and former high-level CIA counterintelligence officer Tennent H. Bagley says Polyakov "flipped" and started spying for the CIA when he was reposted to Rangoon, Moscow, and New Delhi. Polyakov was suddenly recalled to Moscow in 1980, arrested in 1986, tried, and finally executed in 1988.

In the CIA, Polyakov was known by code names "Bourbon" and "Roam", while the FBI referred to him as "Tophat".
Bolko III of Ziębice
Bolko III of Ziębice or Bolko III of Münsterberg (c. 1348 – 13 June 1410) was a Duke of Ziębice (Münsterberg) from 1358 until his death, and ruler over Gleiwitz (Gliwice) during 1369–1373.

He was the eldest son of Nicholas the Small, Duke of Münsterberg, by his wife Agnes, daughter of Herman Krušina of Lichtenberg.

Nicholas the Small
Nicholas the Small (Mikołaj Mały) (1322/1327 – 23 April 1358) was a Duke of Ziębice from 1341 until his death.

He was the only son of Duke Bolko II of Ziębice and his wife Guta. He was born between 1322 and 1327. He had a sister, Małgorzata, but he did not know whether she was older or younger.
Ultimate Invasion
Ultimate Invasion is a four-issue American comic book limited series written by Jonathan Hickman, drawn by Bryan Hitch and colored by Alex Sinclair. The first issue was published by Marvel Comics on June 21, 2023. The storyline shows Maker (the Reed Richards of Earth-1610) manipulating a new Earth called Earth-6160.

Ultimates
The Ultimates is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and created by writer Mark Millar and artist Bryan Hitch, which first started publication from The Ultimates #1 (cover date March 2002), as part of the company's Ultimate Marvel imprint. The series is a modernized re-imagining of Marvel's long-running Avengers comic-book franchise, centering around a task-force of super-humans and special agents organized by the U.S. government to combat growing threats to the world. The tale chronicles their progress as they bond and slowly learn to work together, despite their differing natures and personalities.
2019 Swedish Open
The 2019 Swedish Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts as part of the ATP Tour 250 Series of the 2019 ATP Tour and as part of the WTA 125K Series. It took place in Båstad, Sweden, from 15 through 21 July 2019 for the men's tournament, and from 8 through 13 July 2019 for the women's tournament. It was the 72nd edition of the event for the men and the 10th edition for the women.

2019 ATP Tour
The 2019 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2019 tennis season. The 2019 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour 500 series, the ATP Tour 250 series and Davis Cup (organised by the ITF). Also included in the 2019 calendar were the Hopman Cup, the Laver Cup and the Next Gen ATP Finals which do not distribute ranking points. For the Masters series events the ATP introduced a shot clock. Players had a minute to come on court, 5 minutes to warmup, and then a minute to commence play, as well as 25 seconds between points.
Rainbow (Warsaw)
The Rainbow (Polish: Tęcza (pronounced [ˈtɛntʂa])) was an artistic construction in the form of a giant rainbow made of artificial flowers erected on the Savior Square (Plac Zbawiciela) in the Polish capital of Warsaw in the summer of 2012. It was designed by Julita Wójcik and maintained by the Adam Mickiewicz Institute. It was vandalized several times, generating significant media coverage in Polish media, usually in the context of LGBT rights in Poland. The construction was permanently removed in August 2015.

Equality Parade (Warsaw)
Equality Parade (Polish: Parada Równości) is an LGBT community pride parade held in Warsaw since 2001, usually in May or June. It has attracted at least several thousand attendees each year; 20,000 attendees (the largest number of any year prior to 2017) were reported in 2006, following an official ban in 2004 and 2005. In 2018, there were 45,000 attendees. In 2019, there were 50,000 attendees and then powering up to 80,000 in 2023. It is a member of EPOA and InterPride.

It is the largest gay pride parade in Central and Eastern Europe, and has been described as "the first Europe-wide gay pride parade held in a former Communist bloc country".
Pontifical Delegate
A Pontifical Delegate is a cleric who is delegated by the Pope.

Specifically, this title is used for the following ecclesiastical offices in the gift of the Pope (who is Pontifex Maximus, hence the adjective):

a prelate (usually an Archbishop or Cardinal) appointed to represent the Holy See in the administration of certain pontifical minor basilicas, notably:
Pontifical Delegation for the Basilica of St. Nicholas of Bari
Pontifical Delegation for the Shrine of the Holy House of Loreto
Pontifical Delegation for the Basilica of St. Anthony of Padua
Pontifical Delegation for the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii

a papal legate or papal diplomat, such as a Nuncio

an extraordinary papal representative to a religious congregation, e.g. the thirty-third General Congregation of the Jesuits

a papal representative appointed to exercise certain rights reserved, thus limiting the authority of a major archbishop, as in the case of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church

Pontifical Delegation for the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii
The Pontifical Delegation for the Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii is the office, vested in a Pontifical Delegate, that represents the Holy See in the administration of the papal minor basilicas and Shrine of Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompeii.
A. K. S. Vijayan
A.K.S. Vijayan (born 15 December 1961) is an Indian Politician and a former Member of Parliament of India. He was elected from the Nagapattinam constituency of Tamil Nadu as a member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) political party three times in 1999, 2004 and 2009 respectively. He is the son of veteran Communist leader and former Tamil Nadu MLA, A. K. Subbiah and S. Subbammal.

A. K. Subbiah
A. K. Subbiah is an Indian Politician and a former Member of Parliament of India. He was elected from the Thiruthuraipoondi in 1962 and from the Kottur in 1967 and 1971. His son, A. K. S. Vijayan serves as the Delhi Special Representative of Tamilnadu Government and was a three-time  Member of Parliament of India from Nagapattinam constituency of Tamil Nadu.
Tule Desert (Arizona)
The Tule Desert is a small desert located in southwestern Arizona near the U.S.-Mexico border. It is considered to be part of the Lower Colorado Valley region of the Sonoran Desert. It lies in a north–south direction to the east of the Cabeza Prieta Mountains and almost entirely in the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range. The Tule Desert also lies on the northern border of the Gran Desierto de Altar of Sonora, Mexico.

Gran Desierto de Altar
The Gran Desierto de Altar is one of the major sub-ecoregions of the Sonoran Desert, located in the State of Sonora in northwest Mexico. It includes the only active erg (sand sea) dune region in North America. The desert extends across much of the northern border of the Gulf of California, spanning more than 100 kilometres (62 mi) east to west and over 50 kilometres (31 mi) north to south. It constitutes the largest continuous wilderness area within the Sonoran Desert.

The eastern portion of the area contains the volcanic Pinacate Peaks region; together with the western portion, the area forms the El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ordnance QF 32-pounder
The Ordnance QF 32 pounder or (32-pdr) was a British 94 mm gun, initially developed as a replacement for the Ordnance QF 17-pdr anti-tank gun.

The only use of the 32-pounder was as the armament for the pilot vehicles of the Tortoise heavy assault tank.

Tortoise heavy assault tank
The Tortoise heavy assault tank (A39) was a British heavy assault gun tank design developed during the Second World War, but never put into mass production. It was developed for the task of clearing heavily fortified areas such as the Siegfried Line and as a result favoured armour protection over mobility.

Although heavy, at 78 tons, and not readily transported, it was considered reliable and a good gun platform.

Only a few prototypes of the Tortoise had been produced by the end of the war. After testing was complete, one was retained for preservation and the others disposed of.
Raw (film)
Raw (French: Grave, lit. 'Serious') is a 2016 coming-of-age body horror drama film written and directed by Julia Ducournau, and starring Garance Marillier, Ella Rumpf, and Rabah Nait Oufella. The plot follows a young vegetarian's first year at veterinary school, where she tastes meat for the first time and develops a craving for human flesh.

The film premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival on 14 May 2016 and was theatrically released in the United States on 10 March 2017 by Focus World, and in France on 15 March 2017 by Wild Bunch. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for Ducournau's direction and screenplay, though was met with some controversy for its graphic content.

2016 Toronto International Film Festival
The 41st annual Toronto International Film Festival was held from 8 to 18 September 2016. The first announcement of films to be screened at the festival took place on 26 July. Almost 400 films were shown.
Pain Rokh Rural District
Pain Rokh Rural District (Persian: دهستان پائين رخ) is in Jolgeh Rokh District of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Sar Bala. The previous capital of the rural district was Nasar.

Sar Bala, Razavi Khorasan
Sar Bala (Persian: سربالا) is a village in, and the capital of, Pain Rokh Rural District of Jolgeh Rokh District, Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Nasar, now a city.
Litovoi
Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach/Romanian voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia in today's Romania.

He is mentioned for the first time in the Diploma of the Joannites issued by king Béla IV of Hungary (1235–1270) on 2 July 1247. The diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Cumania, “with the exception of the land of the kenazate of Voivode Litovoi,” which the king left to the Vlachs “as they had held it”.

John (knez)
John, also Joan or Ioan, was a cneaz (local chieftain or ruler) mentioned in the Diploma of the Joannites issued by King Béla IV of Hungary (1235–1270) on 2 July 1247; the diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Cumania. John held a kenazate which was given to the knights by the king. His kenazate lay in southern Oltenia.

The diploma of Béla IV also refers to the kenazates of Farcaş and voivode Litovoi and to voivode Seneslau. Seneslau and Litovoi are expressly said to be Vlachs (Olati) in the king's diploma.

The Romanian historian Ioan-Aurel Pop suggests that the kenazate of John was one of the incipient Romanian states south of the Carpathian Mountains. In the diploma, his name is given in its Latin form (Johannes), and so contains no hint of the nationality of its bearer.
Ellagitannin
The ellagitannins are a diverse class of hydrolyzable tannins, a type of polyphenol formed primarily from the oxidative linkage of galloyl groups in 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose. Ellagitannins differ from gallotannins, in that their galloyl groups are linked through C-C bonds, whereas the galloyl groups in gallotannins are linked by depside bonds.

Ellagitannins contain various numbers of hexahydroxydiphenoyl units, as well as galloyl units and/or sanguisorboyl units bounded to sugar moiety. In order to determine the quantity of every individual unit, the hydrolysis of the extracts with trifluoroacetic acid in methanol/water system is performed. Hexahydroxydiphenic acid, created after hydrolysis, spontaneously lactonized to ellagic acid, and sanguisorbic acid to sanguisorbic acid dilactone, while gallic acid remains intact.

Ellagitannins generally form macrocycles, whereas gallotannins do not.

Urolithin
Urolithins are microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, such as ellagitannins. They are produced in the gut, and found in the urine in the form of urolithin B glucuronide after absorption of ellagitannins-containing foods, such as pomegranate. During intestinal metabolism by bacteria, ellagitannins and punicalagins are converted to urolithins, which have unknown biological activity in vivo.

Ellagitannins exhibit low bioavailability and are transformed in the gut to ellagic acid and its microbiota metabolites. Urolithins are found in plasma mostly as glucuronides at low concentrations. Urolithins production is dependent on the gut microbiome enterotype. Individuals producing urolithins show a much higher abundance of the Clostridium leptum group of Firmicutes phylum than Bacteroides or Prevotella.
Bond option
In finance, a bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond at a certain price on or before the option expiry date. These instruments are typically traded OTC.

A European bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond at a certain date in future for a predetermined price.

An American bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond on or before a certain date in future for a predetermined price.

Generally, one buys a call option on the bond if one believes that interest rates will fall, causing an increase in bond prices. Likewise, one buys the put option if one believes that interest rates will rise. One result of trading in a bond option, is that the price of the underlying bond is "locked in" for the term of the contract, thereby reducing the credit risk associated with fluctuations in the bond price.

Option (finance)
In finance, an option is a contract which conveys to its owner, the holder, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying asset or instrument at a specified strike price on or before a specified date, depending on the style of the option.

Options are typically acquired by purchase, as a form of compensation, or as part of a complex financial transaction. Thus, they are also a form of asset (or contingent liability) and have a valuation that may depend on a complex relationship between underlying asset price, time until expiration, market volatility, the risk-free rate of interest, and the strike price of the option.

Options may be traded between private parties in over-the-counter (OTC) transactions, or they may be exchange-traded in live, public markets in the form of standardized contracts.
Funasako Kiln ruins
The Funasako Kiln ruins' (船迫窯跡, Funasako kama ato) is an archaeological site containing a Nara period kiln located in the Funasako neighborhood of the town of  Chikujō,  Chikujō District, Fukuoka Prefecture Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1999.

Chikujō, Fukuoka
Chikujō (築上町, Chikujō-machi) is a town located in Chikujō District, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the town had an estimated population of 16,834, and a  population density of 140 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 119.61 km2 (46.18 sq mi).
Alien invasion
Alien invasion or space invasion is a common feature in science fiction stories and films, in which extraterrestrial lifeforms invade Earth to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether. It can be considered as a science-fiction subgenre of the invasion literature, expanded by H. G. Wells's seminal alien invasion novel The War of the Worlds, and is a type of 'first contact' science fiction.

Experts consider the prospects of an actual invasion of Earth by extraterrestrials to be extremely unlikely, due to the enormous cost in time and resources.

Invasion literature
Invasion literature (also the invasion novel, invasion fiction or the future war genre) is a literary genre that was popular in the period between 1871 and the First World War (1914–1918). The invasion novel was first recognised as a literary genre in the UK, with the novella The Battle of Dorking: Reminiscences of a Volunteer (1871), an account of a German invasion of England, which, in the Western world, aroused the national imaginations and anxieties about hypothetical invasions by foreign powers; by 1914 the genre of invasion literature comprised over 400 novels and stories.

The genre was influential in Britain in shaping politics, national policies, and popular perceptions in the years leading up to the First World War, and remains a part of popular culture to this day. Several of the books were written by or ghostwritten for military officers and experts of the day who believed that the nation would be saved if the particular tactic that they favoured was or would be adopted.
Albert Chapman
Albert Edward Chapman (3 June 1872 – 1945) was an Australian politician.

He was born at Marulan to wheelwright and publican Richard Chapman and Monica Cain. He attended the local public school and then St Patrick's College in Goulburn before becoming a schoolteacher. From 1894 he worked as an auctioneer and agent with his brother, Austin Chapman. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1901 as the Progressive member for Braidwood, succeeding his brother who had transferred to federal politics, but in 1904 he retired due to the reduction in the size of the Assembly. From 1917 to 1918 he served in the Australian Imperial Force as a private. Unmarried and childless, Chapman died some time in 1945.

Austin Chapman
Sir Austin Chapman KCMG (10 July 1864 – 12 January 1926) was an Australian politician who served in the House of Representatives from 1901 until his death in 1926. He held ministerial office in the governments of Alfred Deakin and Stanley Bruce, serving as Minister for Defence (1903–1904), Postmaster-General (1905–1907), Minister for Trade and Customs (1907–1908, 1923–1924), and Minister for Health (1923–1924).
Korean People's Army
The Korean People's Army (KPA; Korean: 조선인민군; MR: Chosŏn inmin'gun) encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.

The KPA considers its primary adversaries to be the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and United States Forces Korea, across the Korean Demilitarized Zone, as it has since the Armistice Agreement of July 1953. As of 2021 it is the second largest military organisation in the world, with 29.9% of the North Korean population actively serving, in reserve or in a paramilitary capacity.

Cabinet of North Korea
The Cabinet of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean: 조선민주주의인민공화국 내각; Hanja: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 內閣) is the supreme administrative organ of North Korea and the executive organ of the Supreme People's Assembly, the highest organ of state power. The Cabinet's official newspaper is Minju Choson.
Circamustela
Circamustela an extinct genus of gulonine mustelids, known from the Miocene of Europe  and Asia. There are four definitively known species, C. dechaseauxi and C. peignei, both known from Spain, C. bhapralensis from India, and C. hartmanni, known from Germany, as well as a fourth, tentatively assigned species, C. laevidens, also from Germany.

Guloninae
Guloninae is a subfamily of the mammal family Mustelidae distributed across Eurasia and the Americas. It includes martens, fishers, tayras, and the wolverine. These genera were formerly included within a paraphyletic definition of the mustelid subfamily Mustelinae.

Most gulonine species are arboreal to a degree. Some of the fashion furs come from this subfamily, e.g. sable, marten.
Henty Gold Mine
The Henty Gold Mine is located at the head of the Henty River on the edge of the West Coast Range in Western Tasmania. It is approximately 30 km north of Queenstown. It is east of Zeehan and south of Rosebery. It can be reached by the Hydro-built road that passes between the Henty River and Tullah.

West Coast Range
The West Coast Range is a mountain range located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.

The range lies to the west and north of the main parts of the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The range has had a significant number of  mines utilising the geologically rich zone of Mount Read Volcanics. A number of adjacent ranges lie to the east: the Engineer Range, the Raglan Range, the Eldon Range, and the Sticht Range but in most cases these are on a west–east alignment, while the West Coast Range runs in a north–south direction, following the Mount Read volcanic arc.

The range has encompassed multiple land uses including the catchment area for Hydro Tasmania dams, mines, transport routes and historical sites. Of the communities that have existed actually in the range itself, Gormanston is probably the last to remain.
Niederstocken
Niederstocken is a former municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Niederstocken, Oberstocken and Höfen merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.

Höfen, Thun
Höfen is a former municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Höfen, Niederstocken and Oberstocken merged into the new municipality of Stocken-Höfen.