hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
4-Aminophenol
4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4OH.   It is  a metabolite of acetaminophen which the body converts to N-arachidonoylphenolamine and this compound is responsible for all or part of acetaminophen's analgesic action and anticonvulsant effects..

Commercially available as a white powder, it is commonly used as a developer for black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.

Reflecting its slightly hydrophilic character, the white powder is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized from hot water. In the presence of a base, it oxidizes readily. The methylated derivatives N-methylaminophenol and N,N-dimethylaminophenol are of commercial value.

The compound is one of three isomeric aminophenols, the other two being 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol.

2-Aminophenol
2-Aminophenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H7NO. Along with its isomer 4-aminophenol, it is an amphoteric molecule and a reducing agent. It is a useful reagent for the synthesis of dyes and heterocyclic compounds. Reflecting its slight hydrophilic character, white powder is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized  from hot water.
Swedish Maritime Administration
The Swedish Maritime Administration (Swedish: Sjöfartsverket) is the government agency in Sweden which provides services to the transport sector by keeping the sea lanes open and safe. The agency is to a certain degree financed through fees levied on commercial shipping.

The head office is in Norrköping.

The main services of the Maritime Administration include: pilotage, maintenance of marine fairways, ice-breaking, hydrographics, maritime search and rescue, seamen's service. It also maintains the lighthouses and other aids to navigation of Sweden. Until 1 January 2009, it also was responsible for  maritime safety inspection. Seagoing vessels navigating the Baltic Sea must meet certain ice class requirement. While its mainly deals with merchant shipping, other maritime activities are also taken into account.

Sjöfartsverket runs the Joint Rescue Center Gothenburg.

Government agencies in Sweden
The government agencies in Sweden are state authorities that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Sweden. The ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to monitor the agencies and preparing decision and policy papers for the government as a collective body to decide upon.

A Cabinet Minister is explicitly prohibited from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases. The cardinal rule is that Ministers are not allowed to issue orders to agencies in their portfolio personally (with only a few exceptions) as the government agencies are subject to decisions made by the government, although the government cannot even directly overrule an agency in the handling of an individual case.

Other than the executive branch, the Riksdag also has a number of independent agencies.
Kinomiya Station
Kinomiya Station (来宮駅, Kinomiya-eki) is a railway station on the Itō Line of the East Japan Railway Company, located in the central part of the city of Atami, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The Tōkaidō Main Line runs parallel to the Itō Line through Kinomiya Station, but only Itō Line has a station at this location. The 0-km indicator of the Itō Line is located at this station, although the Itō Line “officially” starts at Atami.

Atami
Atami (熱海市, Atami-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2019, the city had an estimated population of 36,865 in 21,593 households and a population density of 600 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 61.78 square kilometres (23.85 sq mi).
COMO Hotels and Resorts
COMO Hotels and Resorts is a Singapore-based company that operates hotels in Australia, Bhutan, France, Indonesia, Italy, the Maldives, Thailand, Turks and Caicos, the United Kingdom and the United States. The company was founded by Christina Ong in 1991.

The Halkin
COMO The Halkin is a 5-star hotel in London, England. It is located at 5–6 Halkin Street in Belgravia, one of London's most affluent districts, just to the east of Belgrave Square. The hotel is operated by COMO Hotels and Resorts. It is considered to be one of the first boutique hotels in London.

The hotel has a Georgian façade of brick and stone, but its interiors (including its 41 rooms and suites) have a more contemporary design. It was the first hotel opened by COMO Hotels and Resorts. The company spent about £1 million on each of the 41 guest rooms and suites, which were designed by Laboratorio Associati Italy.
December 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 10 by Orthodox Churches on Old Calendar.

For December 28th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 15.

December 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 30

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 11 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 16.
Flag of the Philippines
The national flag of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas), also known as Three Stars and a Sun (Filipino: Tatlong Bituin at Isang Araw), is a horizontal bicolor flag with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, to represent the original eight provinces that rebelled against the Spanish during the 1896 Philippine Revolution. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas (though originally referring to the island of Panay), and Mindanao. The white triangle at the hoist represents liberty, equality, and fraternity. A unique feature of this flag is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top, which is effectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down.

Philippine Declaration of Independence
The Philippine Declaration of Independence (Filipino: Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas; Spanish: Declaración de Independencia de Filipinas) was proclaimed by Filipino revolutionary forces general Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898, in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit, Cavite), Philippines. It asserted the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine islands from the 300 years of colonial rule by Spain.
Târgu Mureș International Airport
Târgu Mureș Transilvania Airport (Romanian: Aeroportul Transilvania Târgu Mureș; Hungarian: Marosvásárhelyi Transilvania Repülőtér) (IATA: TGM, ICAO: LRTM) is an international airport located 14 km (8.7 mi) southwest of Târgu Mureș, Mureș County, in central Romania. Until May 2006, the official name was Târgu Mureș Vidrasău Airport (for the village 17 km (11 mi) outside of Târgu Mureș where it is located).

Târgu Mureș
Târgu Mureș (/ˌtɜːrɡuː ˈmʊərɛʃ, ˌtɪər-/, Romanian: [ˈtɨrɡu ˈmureʃ] ⓘ; Hungarian: Marosvásárhely [ˈmɒroʃvaːʃaːrhɛj] ⓘ; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch also known as simply Neumarkt) is the seat of Mureș County in the historical region of Transylvania, Romania. It is the 16th-largest city in Romania, with 116,033 inhabitants as of the 2021 census. It lies on the Mureș River, the second-longest river in Romania (after the Danube).
San Marcos Seven
The San Marcos Seven (or San Marcos 7) were seven demonstrators—Angela Atkins, Jody Dodd, Daniel Rodrigues Scales, Bill O’Rourke, Joe Gaddy, Jeffrey Stefanoff, and Joe Ptak—convicted of misdemeanor possession of cannabis following protests at the San Marcos, Texas, police station in March, 1991.

Three of the protesters (Gaddy, Stefanoff, and Ptak) pleaded not guilty and were convicted by juries; two received prison sentences and one received probation. The four who pleaded guilty were given deferred adjudication and were sentenced to do community service work.

While incarcerated, Gaddy and Stefanoff went on hunger strikes. A protest camp supporting the San Marcos Seven grew outside the Hays County Law Enforcement Center in June, 1993, while Stefanoff was incarcerated.

San Marcos, Texas
San Marcos (/ˌsæn ˈmɑːrkəs/) is a city and the county seat of Hays County, Texas, United States. The city is a part of the Greater Austin Metropolitan Area. San Marcos's limits extend into Caldwell and Guadalupe counties, as well. San Marcos is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and San Antonio. Its population was 44,894 at the 2010 census and 67,553 at the 2020 census.
Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is thought to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Americas. San Marcos is home to Texas State University and the Meadows Center for Water and the Environment.

In 2010, San Marcos was listed in Business Week's fourth annual survey of the "Best Places to Raise your Kids". In 2013 and 2014, the United States Census Bureau named it the fastest-growing city in the United States. In December 2013, it was named number nine on Business Insider's list of the "10 Most Exciting Small Cities In America".
Chevalley–Warning theorem
In number theory, the  Chevalley–Warning theorem implies that certain polynomial equations in sufficiently many variables over a finite field have solutions. It was proved by Ewald Warning (1935) and a slightly weaker form of the theorem, known as Chevalley's theorem, was proved by Chevalley (1935). Chevalley's theorem implied Artin's and Dickson's conjecture that finite fields are quasi-algebraically closed fields (Artin 1982, page x).

Finite field
In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that has a finite number of elements.  As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules.  The most common examples of finite fields are the integers mod  when  is a prime number.

The order of a finite field is its number of elements, which is either a prime number or a prime power. For every prime number  and every positive integer  there are fields of order . All finite fields of a given order are isomorphic.

Finite fields are fundamental in a number of areas of mathematics and computer science, including number theory, algebraic geometry, Galois theory, finite geometry, cryptography and coding theory.
Nutrition transition
Nutrition transition is the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes. Specifically the term is used for the transition of developing countries from traditional diets high in cereal and fiber to more Western-pattern diets high in sugars, fat, and animal-source food.

Epidemiological transition
In demography and medical geography, epidemiological transition is a theory which "describes changing population patterns in terms of fertility, life expectancy, mortality, and leading causes of death." For example, a phase of development marked by a sudden increase in population growth rates brought by improved food security and innovations in public health and medicine, can be followed by a re-leveling of population growth due to subsequent declines in fertility rates. Such a transition can account for the replacement of infectious diseases by chronic diseases over time due to increased life span as a result of improved health care and disease prevention. This theory was originally posited by Abdel Omran in 1971.
Irgizsky Uyezd
Irgizsky Uyezd (Ирги́зский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Turgay Oblast of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the oblast. Its administrative centre was Irgiz (Yrgyz).

Turgay Oblast (Russian Empire)
48°N 60°E﻿ / ﻿48°N 60°E﻿ / 48; 60

Turgai (also spelled Turgay or Turgaj) was an oblast (province) in Imperial Russia, established on October 21, 1868. It was located in the central part of present-day Kazakhstan.

Its land area was 456,185 square kilometres (176,134 sq mi). The site of administration was located in Orenburg, outside the borders of the oblast, since there was no town within it suitable for accommodation of the administration.
Long Clawson
Long Clawson is a village and former civil parish, now included in that of Clawson, Hose and Harby, in the Melton district and the county of Leicestershire, England. Being in the Vale of Belvoir, the village is enclosed by farmland with rich soil ideal for pasture. Milk from local farms is used for Stilton cheese, of which the Long Clawson dairy is one of the largest producers. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 664.

Clawson, Hose and Harby
Clawson, Hose and Harby is a civil parish in Leicestershire, England, forming part of the Melton district. It contains the villages of Harby, Hose and Long Clawson and the parish was created from those former parishes on 1 April 1936 (originally named as just "Clawson and Harby"). The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 2,577.
2015 Kerala local elections
Elections to local bodies (Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) in Kerala were held in two phrases, on 2 and 5 November 2015. The Left Democratic Front (LDF) won more than half of all gram panchayats and municipalities, and both they and the United Democratic Front (UDF) won majorities in seven out of fourteen district panchayats each. The LDF also won mayorship in four corporations and the UDF in two.

2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
The 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 16 May 2016 to elect 140 MLAs to the 14th Kerala Legislative Assembly.

Voter turnout was 77.53%, up from 75.12% in the previous election. The result was declared on 19 May 2016. The Left Democratic Front (LDF), led by Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)), won the election, defeating the incumbent United Democratic Front (UDF), led by the Indian National Congress (INC), which could only win 47 seats in the election. Pinarayi Vijayan was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 25 May.
Saint Helen of Serbia
Saint Helen of Serbia (Serbian: Света Јелена Српска, romanized: Sveta Jelena Srpska; c. 1235 – 8 February 1314) was the queen consort of the Serbian Kingdom, as the spouse of King Stefan Uroš I, who ruled from 1243 to 1276. Their sons were later Serbian kings Stefan Dragutin and Stefan Milutin. As a dowager-queen, she held the provincial governorship in the regions of Zeta and Travunija (until 1308). She built Gradac Monastery and was known for her religious tolerance. She is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Her relics, however, are now lost.

Margaret, Marchioness of Namur
Margaret de Courtenay, Marchioness of Namur (1195 – Marienthal, 1258) was ruling Marchioness of Namur, from 1229 to 1237. She was the daughter of Peter of Courtenay (d. 1219), Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1216-1219) and Yolanda of Flanders (d. 1219). By her second marriage, to Henry I, Count of Vianden (d. 1252), Margaret was Countess-consort of Vianden.
1996 African Cup of Nations qualification
The Qualification for the 1996 African Cup of Nations took place in 7 groups of 6 teams each, with the top 2 teams from each group progressing to the tournament. Nigeria and South Africa qualified automatically, as champions and hosts respectively. Qualification began in September 1994 and ended in July 1995.

1996 African Cup of Nations
The 1996 African Cup of Nations, also known as the Coca-Cola 1996 Africa Cup of Nations for sponsorship reasons, was the 20th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa (CAF). It was hosted by South Africa, who replaced original hosts Kenya. The field expanded for the first time to 16 teams, split into four groups of four; the top two teams in each group advancing to the quarterfinals. However, Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment under pressure from then-dictator Sani Abacha, reducing the field to 15. South Africa won its first championship, beating Tunisia in the final 2–0. The tournament was covered in the 2026 documentary series “Class of ‘96: Rise of a Nation”.
Stormont County
Stormont County  area 248,608 acres (1,006 km2) is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario.

Stormont was created in 1792, but was settled seven years earlier in 1785. Veterans of Loyalist regiments were among the first settlers. An estimated one third of the pioneers in the county were Highlander, one third German and the rest English, Irish and Lowland Scots people.

The original territory of Stormont also included Russell County, which became a separate county in 1800.

Stormont later united with Dundas and Glengarry to form the regional government United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry.

Glengarry County
Glengarry County, an area covering 288,688 acres (1,168 km2), is a county in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is inhabited by the descendants of 18th and early 19th-century Scottish Highland pioneer settlers from Lochaber, was historically a Gàidhealtachd community, and Canadian Gaelic language revival efforts are currently taking place there. Glengarry County consists of the townships of North Glengarry and South Glengarry. It borders the Saint Lawrence River to the south, the county of Stormont and City of Cornwall to the west, the province of Quebec to the east, and the United Counties of Prescott-Russell to the north.
Treasury Board Secretariat (Ontario)
The Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS; French: Secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor) is the ministry of the Government of Ontario that is charged with supporting the work of the Treasury Board/Management Board of Cabinet (TB/MBC), a joint sub-committee of the Executive Council of Ontario that manages the fiscal plan of the government. This includes reviewing and controlling all government spending, approving labour agreements and workforce planning, management of the provincial contingency fund, and overseeing the procedures and directives that guide the operation of the Ontario Public Service.

In 2022, the mandate of the ministry expanded to include the overseeing of Supply Ontario and Emergency Management Ontario.

The current president of the Treasury Board is Caroline Mulroney.

Supply Ontario
Centralized Supply Chain Ontario (CSCO; French: Gestion centralisée de la chaîne d'approvisionnement Ontario), operating as Supply Ontario (French: ApprovisiOntario), is a Crown agency of the Government of Ontario. Created in 2020, the agency's mandate is to provide and support supply chain management and procurement activities for the provincial government, the broader public sector, and health care sector.
Reader, Arkansas
Reader is an unincorporated census-designated place in Nevada and Ouachita counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, its population is 66. Per the 2020 census, the population was 40.

The Nevada County portion of Reader is part of the Hope Micropolitan Statistical Area, while the Ouachita County portion is part of the Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Camden micropolitan area, Arkansas
The Camden Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in the U.S. state of Arkansas, anchored by the city of Camden.

As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 31,489 (though a 2016 estimate placed the population at 29,242).
Acetic acid bacteria
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during fermentation. The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals.

Acetobacteraceae
Acetobacteraceae is a family of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria. Two distinct clades are recognized: the acetic acid bacteria and a more heterogeneous group including acidophilic and phototrophic bacteria. The type genus is Acetobacter. Ten genera from Acetobacteraceae make up the acetic acid bacteria.
Weinlos, Edmonton
Weinlos is a residential neighbourhood located in the Mill Woods area of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

The community is represented by the Ridgewood Community League, established in 1982, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at Mill Woods Road East and 37 Avenue.

Ridgewood, Edmonton
Ridgewood is a community comprising three neighbourhoods within the east-central portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Bisset, Minchau and Weinlos.

The community is represented by the Ridgewood Community League, established in 1982, which maintains a community hall and a community garden located at Mill Woods Road East and 37 Avenue.
Kock
Kock is a town in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district Gmina Kock. Historically Kock belonged to the Polish province of Lesser Poland and was located in its northeastern corner. As of 2004, its population numbered 3,509.

Gmina Kock
Gmina Kock is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kock, which lies approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Lubartów and 46 km (29 mi) north of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 100.62 square kilometres (38.8 sq mi), bordered by the Tyśmienica, Wieprz, and Czarna rivers. As of 2006 its total population is 6,763, out of which the population of Kock is 3,478 and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,285.
Northern Line Embankment, High Barnet
The Northern line Embankment between Totteridge and Whetstone and High Barnet tube stations on the Northern line is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade II, in the London Borough of Barnet.

It has typical suburban railway vegetation, with low brambles and light secondary woodland. The wooded areas have been naturally colonised, with the main trees being silver birch, sycamore and ash. It also provides an excellent habitat for small birds. The site's main importance is that it has one of Barnet's few colonies of common lizard, due partly to the freedom from cats, dogs and people, and the absence of pesticides.

The embankment can be viewed from a road bridge between Whetstone High Road and Brook Farm Open Space car park, and from a footbridge between Walfield Avenue and Wyatts Farm Open Space.

High Barnet tube station
High Barnet is a London Underground station, and former railway station, located in Chipping Barnet, North London. It is the northern terminus of its branch of the Northern line and the next station towards south is Totteridge & Whetstone. The station is situated 10.2 miles (16.4 km) north north-west of Charing Cross and is in London fare zone 5.
Pyrenean Mastiff
The Pyrenean Mastiff or Mastín del Pirineo is a Spanish breed of large livestock guardian dog from the autonomous community of Aragón in north-eastern Spain.: 552  It was traditionally used to protect flocks during the annual transhumance to high summer pasture in the Pyrenees.: 552  It is a distinct and separate breed from the Spanish Mastiff or Mastin Español and from both the Pyrenean Mountain Dog and the Pyrenean Shepherd.

Livestock guardian dog
The livestock guardian or flock guardian dog is a type of dog bred to protect livestock from predators.

Livestock guardian dogs stay with the group of animals they protect as a full-time member of the flock or herd. Their ability to guard their herd is mainly instinctive, as the dog is bonded to the herd from an early age. Unlike herding dogs which control the movement of livestock, they blend in with them, watching for intruders within the flock. They confront predators with vocal intimidation, barking and displaying aggression. This is often enough to ward off predators; dogs may attack or fight with those that cannot be driven away.