hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Military payment certificate
Military payment certificates, or MPC, was a form of currency used to pay United States (US) military personnel in certain foreign countries in the mid and late twentieth century. They were used in one area or another from a few months after the end of World War II until a few months after the end of U.S. participation in the Vietnam War – from 1946 until 1973. The certificates were made by line lithography to create colorful banknotes that could be produced cheaply.

Fifteen series of MPCs were created, but only 13 series were issued.  The remaining two were largely destroyed, although some examples remain.  Among the 13 released series, a total of 94 notes are recognized.

Allied Military Currency
Allied Military Currency (AMC) was a form of currency issued by the Allied powers during World War II, to be issued to troops entering liberated or newly occupied countries, as a form of currency control.
Hereford Cathedral
Hereford Cathedral, formally the Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin and Saint Ethelbert the King in Hereford, is a Church of England cathedral in Hereford, England. It is the seat of the bishop of Hereford and the principal church of the diocese of Hereford. The cathedral is a grade I listed building.

A place of worship has existed on the site of the present building since the 8th century or earlier. The present building was begun in 1079. Substantial parts of the building date from both the Norman and the Gothic periods.

The cathedral has the largest library of chained books in the world, its most famous treasure being the Mappa Mundi, a medieval map of the world created around 1300. The map is listed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.

Dean of Hereford
The Dean of Hereford is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of Hereford Cathedral. The dean and chapter are based at the Cathedral Church of Blessed Virgin Mary and St Ethelbert in Hereford. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Hereford and seat of the Bishop of Hereford.
Ibrahim Hesqel
Ibrahim Hesqel (born 3 January 1950) is an Iraqi chemist and diplomat. He served in the Ministry of Trade in the government of President Saddam Hussein until the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Ibrahim held roles such as business envoy, commercial attaché and trade commissioner of Iraq. He was sent as part of numerous trade missions from Iraq by the government, especially China.

A graduate of the University of Basra, Ibrahim was one of the few Jews, who held positions in the Iraqi government, when the majority of the Jews emigrated. Ibrahim was an opponent of Israel and supported Palestine. He was also an active member of the Administrative Committee for Iraqi Jews. Ibrahim was sole Jewish to hold such positions in the government of Iraq, which seen as a pride among the remaining Jews of Iraq. He was one of the last prominent Jews of Iraq, during the Ba'ath era and before 2003.

Muhammad Mahdi Salih
Mohammad Mahdi Salih Al-Rawi (Arabic: محمد مهدي صالح الراوي) is an Iraqi politician who was Trade Minister in the government of President Saddam Hussein. He was the Minister of Finance from 1989 to 1991.
Inspire Institute of Sport
Inspire Institute of Sport (IIS) is India's first privately-funded high performance training centre for athletes. Founded by the JSW Group, the facility is spread over 42 acres in Vidyanagar, Bellary district, Karnataka. The institute provides full scholarships to athletes scouted from across the country in athletics, boxing, judo, swimming and wrestling.

JSW Group
JSW Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, based in Mumbai. It is led by Sajjan Jindal and founded by Om Prakash Jindal. The group's diverse businesses include steel, energy, infrastructure, cement, automotive and paints, across India, the United States, South America, and Africa.
Alberta Stock Exchange
The Alberta Stock Exchange (ASE) was a stock exchange based in Calgary, Alberta, established in 1913. It featured mostly mining, resource exploration, and oil sands stocks. The ASE was the original listing exchange for Bre-X, one of the biggest corporate frauds in Canadian history.

On November 29, 1999, the ASE was merged into the Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX), along with the Vancouver Stock Exchange (VSE) and later the Winnipeg Stock Exchange and the minor-cap stocks from the Bourse de Montréal (MSE). The corporate headquarters of the new CDNX remained in Calgary.

TSX Venture Exchange
The TSX Venture Exchange is a stock exchange in Canada. It is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta and Vancouver, British Columbia, with offices in Toronto and Montreal. All trading through the Exchange is done electronically, so the Exchange does not have a "trading floor".  It was previously known as the Canadian Venture Exchange (CDNX), but in 2001 the TSX Group (now known as the TMX Group) purchased it and renamed it.

The TMX Group also owns the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). The Toronto Stock Exchange is the senior equity market, while the TSX Venture Exchange is a public venture capital marketplace for emerging companies.

As of November 2010, the TSX Venture Exchange had 2,364 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of $60,811,203,235.
Batang Melaka
Batang Melaka (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Batang Melako, Jawi: باتڠ ملاك) is a mukim and town in Jasin District, Malacca, Malaysia. Located at the Negeri Sembilan state border, part of the town itself is within Negeri Sembilan. It is about 52 kilometers from Melaka Sentral and is connected by the Panorama Bus (formerly Batang Bus) through Durian Tunggal and Selandar. Batang Melaka has a small police station, a Chinese and Tamil government school, a town hall, a Salvation Army Corps centre, and one main road passing in the middle of the town.

Jasin District
Jasin District, formerly known as Southern District, is one of the three administrative district in Malacca, Malaysia. It borders Tangkak District of Johor to the east, Tampin District of Negeri Sembilan to the north and Alor Gajah District and Melaka Tengah District to the west. The district capital is Jasin Town.
Robert Tempest
Robert Tempest of Holmside Hall was High Sheriff of Durham from 1558-1562.

Tempest was the son of George Tempest and Eleanor, daughter of Robert Millott of Whithill, Durham. In addition to Holmside, the family held lands at Bradley, Mordon, Greatham, Kimblesworth and Potterhouse, all in County Durham.

He was one of the Guardians of the Temporalities of the See of Durham (1560). He and his eldest son Michael were attainted in 1569 for having taken part in the Rising of the North. He was specially named by Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex in a proclamation dated Nov. 19, 1569. On the failure of the rebellion he, crossed the border with the Countess of Northumberland into Scotland and on Jan. 7, 1570, was with the Lord of Buccleugh at Branksome.

He and his son Michael embarked from Aberdeen, Aug. 23, 1570 and they were at Louvain in 1571. He died in exile in Brussels whilst planning a second, Spanish-backed invasion.

High Sheriff of Durham
This is a list of the high sheriffs of County Durham, England.

In most counties the high sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. In the Palatinate of Durham the officeholder was appointed by and was accountable to the Bishop of Durham until 1836 when the Crown claimed authority. The High Sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct, so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. The High Sheriff changes every March.
Gita Sen
Gita Sen is an Indian feminist scholar. She is a Distinguished Professor & Director at the Ramalingaswami Centre on Equity & Social Determinants of Health, at the Public Health Foundation of India. She is also an adjunct professor at Harvard University, a professor emeritus at the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, and the General Coordinator of DAWN (Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era).

Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era
Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN) is a transnational feminist network of scholars, researchers and activists from the global South. DAWN works under the gender, ecology and economic justice (GEEJ) framework, which highlights the linkages between these three advocacy areas. The network offers a forum for feminist advocacy, research, and analysis on global social, political, and economic issues affecting women, with a focus on poor and marginalized women of the global South. This was a shift from the association of feminism with white, middle-class women of the global North common at the time of DAWN’s formation and into the present-day. Rafia Zakaria, author of Against White Feminism: Notes on Disruption, argues that DAWN and its empowerment approach to development offer a successful example of a bottom-up, antiracist alternative to political mobilization that decentres the whiteness prominent in dominant feminist development projects.
Aditya Birla Payments Bank
Aditya Birla Payments Bank Limited (ABPB) was a payments bank started as a joint venture by Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd. and Idea Cellular. Launched on 22 February 2018, it is the fourth payments bank to begin operations since issuance of licenses to 11 firms by the Reserve Bank of India in August 2015.

On 20 July 2019, Aditya Birla Payments Bank announced that it would be shutting down operations subject to the receipt of requisite regulatory consents and approval.

Payments bank
Payments banks are a new model of banks, conceptualised by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which cannot issue credit. These banks can accept a restricted deposit, which is currently limited to ₹200,000 per customer and may be increased further. These banks cannot issue loans and credit cards. Both current account and savings accounts can be operated by such banks. Payments banks can issue ATM cards or debit cards and provide online or mobile banking. Bharti Airtel set up India's first payments bank, Airtel Payments Bank.
Kenneth Patchen
Kenneth Patchen (December 13, 1911 – January 8, 1972) was an American poet and novelist. He experimented with different forms of writing and incorporated painting, drawing, and jazz music into his works, which have been compared with those of William Blake and Walt Whitman.

Patchen's biographer wrote that he "developed in his fabulous fables, love poems, and picture poems a deep yet modern mythology that conveys a sense of compassionate wonder amidst the world's violence." Along with his friend and peer Kenneth Rexroth, he was a central influence on the San Francisco Renaissance and the Beat Generation.

Niles, Ohio
Niles is a city in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 18,443 at the 2020 census. Located at the confluence of the Mahoning River and Mosquito Creek, Niles is a suburb in the Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area.

Niles is best known as the birthplace of William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States. Located in the Rust Belt, the city's economy focused initially on iron manufacturing but later diversified to include steel and glass production. After the decline of heavy industry in the region in the 1970s, Niles became a retail hub for the northern Mahoning Valley with development centered around the Eastwood Mall complex and along the U.S. Route 422 corridor. The Mahoning Valley Scrappers baseball team plays at 7 17 Credit Union Field at Eastwood in Niles.
Marilyn's Vitamins
Marilyn's Vitamins was a Canadian punk rock band formed in 1995 from Orangeville, Ontario, Canada, playing their last show December 28, 1999, in Toronto, Ontario. In those near-five years they released two albums on Raw Energy and 7"s on Ductape, and Ugly Pop Vinyl. A posthumous collection was released on Underground Operations in 2003. The band consisted of Rob Moir (guitar), Danny Complex (guitar/vocals), Colin Lichti (vocals), Adam Cook (bass/vocals), Jeff Breen (guitar), Kristoffer Wood (bass), and Shawn Dickey (drums). Members of the band went on to form Bombs Over Providence, Hostage Life, and Dead Letter Dept. Their lyrics mainly dealt with various political issues of the time.

Bombs Over Providence
Bombs Over Providence was a Canadian pop-punk/punk rock band from Brampton, Ontario, whose songs were mainly about politics. They were one of the first bands signed to the independent punk label Underground Operations.
Midt-Telemark Municipality
Midt-Telemark is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Midt-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bø i Telemark. Other villages in the municipality include Akkerhaugen, Folkestad, Gvarv, Holtsås, Nordagutu, Nordbøåsane, and Sauherad.

The 519-square-kilometre (200 sq mi) municipality is the 204th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Midt-Telemark is the 108th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 10,735. The municipality's population density is 22 inhabitants per square kilometre (57/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Nordbøåsane
Nordbøåsane is a village in Midt-Telemark Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the west of the village of Bø. The Norwegian National Road 36 passes just north of the village.

The 0.25-square-kilometre (62-acre) village has a population (2022) of 311 and a population density of 1,220 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,200/sq mi).
Oggebbio
Oggebbio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Verbania.

Oggebbio borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Brezzo di Bedero, Cannero Riviera, Castelveccana, Ghiffa, Porto Valtravaglia, Premeno, Trarego Viggiona.

Premeno
Premeno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 776 and an area of 7.4 square kilometres (2.9 sq mi).

The municipality of Premeno contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Esio and Pollino.

Premeno borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Bee, Ghiffa, Intragna, Oggebbio, Vignone.
Camille-Christophe Gerono
Camille-Christophe Gerono (1799 in Paris, France – 1891 in Paris) was a French mathematician. He concerned himself above all with geometry. The Lemniscate of Gerono or figure-eight curve was named after him. With Olry Terquem, he was founding co-editor in 1842 of the scientific journal Nouvelles Annales de Mathématiques.

Olry Terquem
Olry Terquem (16 June 1782 – 6 May 1862) was a French mathematician. He is known for his works in geometry and for founding two scientific journals, one of which was the first journal about the history of mathematics. He was also the pseudonymous author (as Tsarphati) of a sequence of letters advocating radical reform in Judaism. He was French Jewish.
Karyenda
The karyenda is a traditional African drum. It was the main symbol of Burundi and its Mwami (King) and had semi-divine status. The Mwami was said to interpret the beatings of the karyenda into rules for the kingdom.

Kingdom of Burundi
The Kingdom of Burundi (French: Royaume du Burundi), also known as Kingdom of Urundi (Kirundi: Ubwami bw'Urundi), was a Bantu kingdom in the modern-day Republic of Burundi. The Ganwa monarchs (with the title of mwami) ruled over both Hutus and Tutsis. Created in the 16th century, the kingdom was preserved under German and Belgian colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th century and was an independent state between 1962 and 1966.
Lakshmikantapur railway station
Lakshmikantapur railway station is a Kolkata Suburban Railway Station on the Main line. It is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division in the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Lakshmikantapur railway station is situated beside Baruipur-Kulpi Road, Bijayganj Bazar, Lakshmikantapur, South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Sealdah South section
Sealdah South section consists of a set of four lines which connect Sealdah in Kolkata with its southern suburbs and with the entire South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. It is a part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway and is under the jurisdiction of the Sealdah railway division of the Eastern Railway zone of Indian Railways.

It is linked to the Sealdah Main and North section via the Kankurgachi Chord line at Park Circus and via the Kolkata Circular Railway at Majerhat Junction.

It also connects to the Kolkata Dock System Railway (KDS Railway) at Majerhat and Brace Bridge respectively.
Cave Junction, Oregon
Cave Junction is a city in Josephine County, Oregon, United States. The city got its name by virtue of its location at the junction of Redwood Highway (U.S. Route 199) and Caves Highway (Oregon Route 46).  As of the 2020 census, the city population was 2,071. Following World War II, timber became the main source of income for residents. As timber income has since declined, the city is attempting to compensate with tourism and branding itself as a haven for retirees.

Selma, Oregon
Selma is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Josephine County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 695. As of the 2020 United States census it had a total population of 661. It is located in the ZIP code of 97538.
Ethiopian snout-burrower
The Ethiopian snout-burrower (Hemisus microscaphus), also known as the Lake Zwai snout-burrower or Lake Zwai shovelnose frog, is a species of frog in the family Hemisotidae, endemic to Ethiopia.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, dry savanna, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rivers, swamps, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, and heavily degraded former forests.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

Shovelnose frog
The shovelnose frogs are the species of frogs in the genus, Hemisus, the only genus in the family Hemisotidae. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa. The shovelnose frogs are moderate-sized frogs, reaching a length of 8 cm (3.1 in). They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their heads are small and narrow, with hard, upturned noses.

The shovelnose frogs are burrowing frogs, living most of their lives underground. The female digs underground while in amplexus, and lays her eggs in an underground cavity. The male leaves through the tunnel, and the female remains with the eggs. Once sufficient rain has fallen, the female burrows with her nose towards a water source, where the tadpoles will remain until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may remain out of water up to a few days.

Unlike most burrowing frogs, the shovelnose frogs burrow head-first, as opposed to rear-first, hence their other common names - snout-burrowers. Some species are kept as pets.
Epistle to the Philippians
The Epistle to the Philippians is a Pauline epistle of the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The epistle is attributed to Paul the Apostle and Timothy is named with him as co-author or co-sender. The letter is addressed to the Christian church in Philippi. Paul, Timothy, Silas (and perhaps Luke) first visited Philippi in Greece (Macedonia) during Paul's second missionary journey from Antioch, which occurred between approximately 50 and 52 AD. In the account of his visit in the Acts of the Apostles, Paul and Silas are accused of "disturbing the city".

There is a general consensus that Philippians consists of authentically Pauline material, and that the epistle is a composite of multiple letter fragments from Paul to the church in Philippi.: 17  These letters could have been written from Ephesus in 52–55 AD or Caesarea Maritima in 57–59, but the most likely city of provenance is Rome, around 62 AD, or about 10 years after Paul's first visit to Philippi.

Epistle
An epistle (/ɪˈpɪsəl/; from Ancient Greek  ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ) 'letter') is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The epistle genre of letter-writing was common in ancient Egypt as part of the scribal-school writing curriculum. The letters in the New Testament from Apostles to Christians are usually referred to as epistles. Those traditionally attributed to Paul are known as Pauline epistles and the others as catholic (i.e., "general") epistles.
Velocette Viper
The Velocette Viper is a British motorcycle made by Velocette between 1955 and 1968. Built using traditional methods and materials, it struggled to compete against more modern machines, so from 1960 the designers added new glass fibre enclosure panels, making the Viper one of the first enclosed production motorcycles.

Velocette
Velocette is a range of motorcycles made by Veloce Ltd, in Hall Green, Birmingham, England. One of several motorcycle manufacturers in Birmingham, Velocette was a small, family-owned firm, selling almost as many hand-built motorcycles during its lifetime as the mass-produced machines of the giant BSA and Norton concerns. Renowned for the quality of its products, the company was "always in the picture" in international motorcycle racing from the mid-1920s until the 1950s, culminating in two World Championship titles (1949–1950 350 cc) and its legendary and still-unbeaten (for single-cylinder, 500 cc machines) 24 hours at over 100 mph (161 km/h) record. Veloce, while small, was a great technical innovator and many of its patented designs are commonplace on motorcycles today, including the positive-stop foot shift and swinging arm rear suspension with hydraulic dampers. The business suffered a gradual commercial decline during the late 1960s, eventually closing in February 1971.
Edgio
Edgio, Inc., formerly Limelight Networks, was an American company that provided a content delivery network (CDN) service, used for delivery of digital media content and software. The company ceased operations in January 2025.

Following a 2022 acquisition of Edgecast, the company re-branded as Edgio, and included edge computing and cybersecurity services, such as DDoS mitigation.

As of January 2023, the company's network had more than 300 points-of-presence and delivered 250+ terabits per second of egress capacity across the globe.

The company went bankrupt in 2024 and ceased operation on 15 January 2025.

Yahoo Inc. (2017–present)
Yahoo Inc. (sometimes stylized as Yahoo! Inc.) is an American multinational technology company that focuses on media and online business. Its major products include Yahoo, Yahoo Mail, Yahoo News, Yahoo Finance, Yahoo Sports, Yahoo Native, and Engadget.

After acquiring the company in 2017 for $4.48 billion, Verizon folded the company into a subsidiary called Oath Inc. In December 2018, Verizon announced it would write-down the combined value of its purchases of AOL and Yahoo by $4.6 billion, roughly half; the company was renamed Verizon Media the following month in January 2019.

In September 2021, funds managed by Apollo Global Management acquired 90% of the company for roughly $5 billion; Verizon retained a 10% stake in the company.

Yahoo Inc. was formed on February 8, 2006 as part of a corporate restructure. It is organized in Delaware and is headquartered in Manhattan, New York.

Jim Lanzone became CEO of Yahoo in 2021.