hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Janga (mountain)
Janga (Georgian: ჯანღა [dʒanɣa]) or Jangi-Tau (Karachay-Balkar: Джангы тау, romanized: Cañı taw, lit. 'new mountain') or Dzhangi-Tau  (Russian: Джанги-Тау, romanized: Džangi-Tau) is a summit in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range. Mountain has three peaks - the main peak Jangi-Tau with elevation above sea level 5,085 m (16,683 ft), West Peak with elevation 5,059 m (16,598 ft) and East Peak with elevation 5,034 m (16,516 ft)   Mountain lies on the border of Svaneti (Georgia) and Kabardino-Balkaria (Russia).  The slopes of the mountain are heavily glaciated. They are most famous for the dormant volcanoes that are hidden under the ice caps.

Georgia–Russia border
The Georgia–Russia border is the state border between Georgia and Russia. It is de jure 920 km in length and runs from the Black Sea coast in the west and then along the Greater Caucasus Mountains to the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the east, thus closely following the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. In 2008 Russia (and later four other states) recognized the independence of two self-declared republics within Georgia (Abkhazia and South Ossetia), meaning that in a de facto sense the border is now split into four sections: the Abkhazia–Russia border in the west, the western Georgia–Russia border between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the South Ossetia–Russia border and the eastern Georgia–Russia border between South Ossetia and Azerbaijan. At present most of the international community refuse to recognise the independence of the two territories and regard them as belonging to Georgia.
Hopwas
Hopwas is a village in Staffordshire, England. It lies along the North West borders of Tamworth Borough (along the River Tame to the east and Dunstall Lane to the south of Hopwas) and 5 miles (8 km) east of Lichfield. It is situated where the A51 road crosses both the River Tame and the Coventry Canal. Although adjacent to the Borough of Tamworth, the village is part of the parish of Wigginton and Hopwas within Lichfield District.

Lichfield District
Lichfield District (UK: /ˈlɪtʃˌfiːld/) is a local government district in Staffordshire, England. The district is named after its largest settlement, the city of Lichfield, which is where the district council is based. The district also contains the towns of Burntwood and Fazeley, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas, including part of Cannock Chase, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

The neighbouring districts are Cannock Chase, Stafford, East Staffordshire, South Derbyshire, North West Leicestershire, North Warwickshire, Tamworth, Birmingham and Walsall.
Crescentii
The Crescentii (in modern Italian Crescenzi) were a baronial family, attested in Rome from the beginning of the 10th century and which in fact ruled the city and the election of the popes until the beginning of the 11th century.

Pope John XIII
Pope John XIII (Latin: Ioannes XIII; ca. 930 – 6 September 972) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 October 965 to his death. His pontificate was caught up in the continuing conflict between the Holy Roman emperor, Otto I, and the Roman nobility. After long and arduous negotiations, he succeeded in arranging a Byzantine marriage for Otto II, in an effort to legitimize the Ottonian claim to imperial dignity. He also established church hierarchy in Poland and Bohemia.
Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya)
The Communist Party of Nepal, also referred to as the Communist Party of Nepal (Amatya), was a communist party in Nepal. It emerged from a split in the original Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) in 1962. The CPN had been ravaged by internal conflicts due to the Sino-Soviet split and differences of how to relate to political changes in the country.

Communist Party of Nepal
The Communist Party of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी), abbreviated CPN, was a communist party in Nepal from 1949 to 1962. It was founded on 15 September 1949 to struggle against the autocratic Rana regime, feudalism, and imperialism. The founding general secretary was Pushpa Lal Shrestha. The founding members of the Communist Party of Nepal were Moti Devi Shrestha, Niranjan Govinda Vaidya, Nar Bahadur Karmacharya and Narayan Bilas Joshi.
Golden Minerals
Golden Minerals (formerly known as Apex Silver Mines), was founded by Thomas Kaplan, from Denver, Colorado. It is a US-American transnational mining corporation with a tax haven address in the Cayman Islands. Following its reorganization under Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009, it re-emerged as Golden Minerals Corporation. It is a publicly traded company on AMEX under symbol AUMN.

San Cristóbal mine (Bolivia)
The San Cristobal mine in Lipez, Potosí Department, Bolivia is an open-pit silver, lead and zinc mine near the town of San Cristóbal, Potosí. The mine, operated by Sumitomo Corporation, produces approximately 1,300 metric tons of zinc-silver concentrate and 300 tons of lead-silver concentrate per day, as of August 2010, by processing 40,000 to 50,000 tons of rock. It is one of Bolivia's largest mining facilities and, according to Sumitomo, the world's sixth-largest producer of zinc and third-largest producer of silver. It is located in southwestern Bolivia and hosts approximately 450 million ounces of silver and 8 billion pounds of zinc and 3 billion pounds of lead contained in 231 million tonnes of open-pittable proven and probable reserves. As the ore body is open both at depth and laterally, reserve expansion potential is considered excellent. The mine has been in various stages of development since the early 1980s but only recently came into full operation.
Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)
In Fiji, the leader of the opposition (or opposition leader) is a senior politician who commands the support of the Official Opposition. The leader of the opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Parliament of Fiji that is not in government. This is usually this is the parliamentary leader of the second-largest caucus in Parliament. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the leader of the opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the prime minister lose the confidence of the parliament.

Typically the leader of the opposition is elected by his or her party according to its rules. A new leader may be elected when the incumbent dies, resigns, or is challenged for the leadership. Inia Seruiratu of the FijiFirst party (independent since 2024) has been serving as the leader of the opposition since 29 March 2023.

Leader of the Opposition
The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically seen as an alternative prime minister (or other similar office, such as premier, minister-president, first minister, or chief minister) to the incumbent; in the Westminster system, they head a rival alternative government known as the shadow cabinet or opposition front bench. The same term is also used to refer to the leader of the largest political party that is not in government in subnational state, provincial, and other regional and local legislatures.

The full title for the Leader of the Opposition is the Leader of His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition in the United Kingdom and in many Commonwealth realms.
Civic Opera House (Chicago)
The Civic Opera House, also often mistakenly referred to as the Lyric Opera House, is an opera house located at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. The Civic's main performance space, named for Ardis Krainik, seats 3,276, making it the second-largest opera auditorium in North America, after the Metropolitan Opera House. Built for the Chicago Civic Opera, it has been home to the Lyric Opera of Chicago since 1954 and the Joffrey Ballet since 2021. It is part of a complex with a 45-story office tower and two 22-story wings, known as the Civic Opera Building that opened November 4, 1929 and features Art Deco details.

Lyric Opera of Chicago
The Lyric Opera of Chicago is an American opera company based in Chicago, Illinois.  The company was founded in Chicago in 1954, under the name 'Lyric Theatre of Chicago' by Carol Fox, Nicola Rescigno and Lawrence Kelly, with a season that included Maria Callas's American debut in Norma.  Fox re-organized the company in 1956 under its present name.  Lyric is housed in a theater and related spaces in the Civic Opera Building.  These spaces are now owned by Lyric.
Stanley Rinehart Jr.
Stanley Marshall Rinehart Jr. (1897–1969) was an American book publisher. He was the son of mystery writer Mary Roberts Rinehart, the brother of publisher Frederick Roberts Rinehart, and the brother of producer and playwright Alan Rinehart.

Mary Roberts Rinehart
Mary Roberts Rinehart (August 12, 1876 – September 22, 1958) was an American writer, often called the American Agatha Christie. Rinehart published her first mystery novel, The Circular Staircase, in 1908, which introduced the "had I but known" narrative style. Rinehart is also considered the earliest known source of the phrase "the butler did it", in her novel The Door (1930), although the exact phrase does not appear in her work and the plot device had been used prior to that time. She also worked to tell the stories and experiences of front line soldiers during World War I, one of the first women to travel to the Belgian front lines.
Peirce quincuncial projection
The Peirce quincuncial projection is the conformal map projection from the sphere to an unfolded square dihedron, developed by Charles Sanders Peirce in 1877. Each octant projects onto an isosceles right triangle, with eight such triangles arranged into a square. The name quincuncial refers to this arrangement: the north pole at the center and quarters of the south pole in the corners form a quincunx pattern like the pips on the five face of a traditional die. The projection has the distinctive property that it forms a seamless square tiling of the plane, conformal except at four singular points along the equator.

Typically the projection is square and oriented such that the north pole lies at the center, but an oblique aspect in a rectangle was proposed by Émile Guyou in 1887, and a transverse aspect was proposed by Oscar S. Adams in 1925.

The projection has seen use in digital photography for portraying spherical panoramas.

Conformal map projection
In cartography, a conformal map projection is one in which every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is preserved in the image of the projection; that is, the projection is a conformal map in the mathematical sense. For example, if two roads cross each other at a 39° angle, their images on a map with a conformal projection cross at a 39° angle.
Land of Terror
Land of Terror is a 1944 fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the sixth in his series about the fictional "Hollow Earth" land of Pellucidar. It is the penultimate novel in the series and the last to be published during Burrough's lifetime.  Unlike most of the other books in the Pellucidar series, this novel was never serially published in any magazine because it was rejected by all of Burroughs's usual publishers.

Pellucidar
Pellucidar is the fictional internal surface of a Hollow Earth invented by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. In a crossover event, Tarzan, who was also created by Burroughs, visits Pellucidar.

The stories initially involve the adventures of mining heir David Innes and his inventor friend Abner Perry after they use an "iron mole" to burrow 500 miles into the Earth's crust. Later protagonists include indigenous caveman Tanar and additional visitors from the surface world, notably Tarzan, Jason Gridley, and Frederich Wilhelm Eric von Mendeldorf und von Horst.
St. Joseph, Florida
St. Joseph was a boomtown founded in 1835 on the shores of St. Joseph Bay that briefly became the largest community in Florida before being abandoned after less than eight years. A yellow fever epidemic in 1841 ended its brief period of prosperity and the abandoned remnants of the town were destroyed by a storm surge in 1844. The town site is in Gulf County, Florida, near the city of Port St. Joe.

1840s Atlantic hurricane seasons
This article encompasses the 1840–1849 Atlantic hurricane seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.
Ernst Krenek
Ernst Heinrich Krenek (Czech: [ˈkr̝ɛnɛk], 23 August 1900 – 22 December 1991) was an Austrian, later American, composer. He explored atonality and other modern styles and wrote a number of books, including Music Here and Now (1939), a study of Johannes Ockeghem (1953), and Horizons Circled: Reflections on my Music (1974). Krenek wrote two pieces using the pseudonym Thornton Winsloe.

Karl V. (opera)
Karl V. is an opera, described as a Bühnenwerk mit Musik (stage work with music) by Ernst Krenek, his opus 73. The German libretto is by the composer. His student Virginia Seay collaborated with him on the English translation of the libretto.

The first completed full-length twelve-tone opera tells the story of Emperor Charles V's life in a series of flashbacks on a split stage, devices which the composer only much later recognized as "cinematic" in style; there is also some use of Sprechstimme.
Harran, Norway
Harran is a village in Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located along the river Namsen in the Namdalen valley. It is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the village of Medjå, the administrative center of Grong. The village of Gartland lies about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of Harran. From 1923 until 1964, this village was the administrative centre of the old Harran Municipality.

The village lies along the European route E6 highway. Harran Station is located in the village along the Nordlandsbanen railway line. The station was opened in 1940, when the railway line was in use to Mosjøen. The station has been unstaffed since 1989.  Harran Church is also located in the village of Harran, dating back to 1874.

Harran Church
Harran Church (Norwegian: Harran kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Grong Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Harran. It is the main church for the Harran parish which is part of the Namdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1874 using plans drawn up by the architect Jacob Wilhelm Nordan. The church seats about 200 people. The church was built to replace the old Gløshaug Church which was getting to be too small and in need of repair. The church was consecrated on 30 September 1874.
Shape theory (mathematics)
Shape theory is a branch of topology that provides a more global view of the topological spaces than homotopy theory. The two coincide on compacta dominated homotopically by finite polyhedra. Shape theory associates with the Čech homology theory while homotopy theory associates with the singular homology theory.

Homotopy theory
In mathematics, homotopy theory is a systematic study of situations in which maps can come with homotopies between them. It originated as a topic in algebraic topology, but nowadays is learned as an independent discipline.
Picanha
Picanha is a cut of beef first made popular in Brazil, and later adopted in Portugal. It consists of the final part of the biceps femoris muscle, at the bottom of the animal, and its fat cap. In recent years the cut has become popular in most of the Americas and has gained a reputation as a tasty meat in the barbecue culture.

Cut of beef
During butchering, beef is first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass. Firstly it is split into left and right 'sides'. These sides then can be further halved into forequarters and hindquarters. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from hoof and horn increases.

Different countries and cuisines have varying definitions for cuts of meat and their names, and sometimes the same name is used for different cuts. For instance, the cut described as "brisket" in the United States comes from a different part of the carcass from the "brisket" referred to in the United Kingdom. Cuts typically refer narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bone), but they can also include other edible parts such as offal (organ meats) or bones that are not attached to significant muscle.
Ayra Guliso
Ayra Guliso was one of the 180 Aanaas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was separated for Ayra and Guliso woredas in November 1999. Part of the West Welega Zone, Ayra Guliso was bordered on the south by Dale Lalo, on the west by Gawo Dale, on the north by Jarso, on the northeast by Boji, and on the east by Lalo Asabi. The administrative center of this woreda was Guliso; other towns in Ayra Guliso included Ayra and Cheliya Yeka.

Jarso (Welega)
Jarso is a woreda, or district, in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the West Welega Zone, Jarso is bordered on the south by Ayra Guliso, on the southwest by Gawo Dale, on the west by Begi, on the north by Mana Sibu, on the northeast by Nejo, and on the southeast by Boji. Towns in Jarso include Dabeka and Geba Dafino.

Although coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda, less than 20 square kilometers are planted with this crop.
Raffaele Nogaro
Raffaele Nogaro (31 December 1933 – 6 January 2026) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate.

Nogaro was born in Gradisca, Sedegliano, on 31 December 1933. On 29 June 1958 he was ordained a priest at Udine Cathedral by Archbishop Giuseppe Zaffonato.

On 25 October 1982, Pope John Paul II appointed him Bishop of Sessa Aurunca; he succeeded Vittorio Maria Costantini, who had resigned due to reacheding the age limit. On 9 January 1983, he received episcopal ordination at the cathedral in Udine from Archbishop Alfredo Battisti, the co-consecrating bishops were Emilio Pizzoni and Vittorio Maria Costantini. On 20 October 1990, he was transferred to the Diocese of Caserta, where he succeeded Archbishop Francesco Cuccarese.

On 25 April 2009, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation, presented upon reaching the age limit, from the pastoral care of the Diocese of Caserta; he was succeeded by Pietro Farina.

Nogaro died on 6 January 2026 at the age of 92.

Diocese of Caserta
The Diocese of Caserta (Latin: Dioecesis Casertana) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church  in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples.  In 1818 Pope Pius VII united this see with the diocese of Caiazzo, but Pope Pius IX made them separate sees.  In 2013 in the diocese of Caserta there was one priest for every 1,703 Catholics; in 2016, there was one priest for every 2,008 Catholics. The diocesan Major Seminary (as of 2019) has four seminarians.
Compressed sensing
Compressed sensing (also known as compressive sensing, compressive sampling, or sparse sampling) is a signal processing technique for efficiently acquiring and reconstructing a signal by finding solutions to underdetermined linear systems. This is based on the principle that, through optimization, the sparsity of a signal can be exploited to recover it from far fewer samples than required by the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. There are two conditions under which recovery is possible. The first one is sparsity, which requires the signal to be sparse in some domain. The second one is incoherence, which is applied through the isometric property, which is sufficient for sparse signals. Compressed sensing has applications in, for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where the incoherence condition is typically satisfied.

Lp space
In mathematics, the Lp spaces are function spaces defined using a natural generalization of the p-norm for finite-dimensional vector spaces. They are sometimes called Lebesgue spaces, named after Henri Lebesgue (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, III.3), although according to the Bourbaki group (Bourbaki 1987) they were first introduced by Frigyes Riesz (Riesz 1910).

Lp spaces form an important class of Banach spaces in functional analysis, and of topological vector spaces. Because of their key role in the mathematical analysis of measure and probability spaces, Lebesgue spaces are used also in the theoretical discussion of problems in physics, statistics, economics, finance, engineering, and other disciplines.
Sett Valley Trail
The Sett Valley Trail is a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) shared-use path in Derbyshire, England, linking the village of Hayfield and the town of New Mills, via Birch Vale, Thornsett and Ollersett. It runs along the lower valley of the River Sett on the route of a former railway line.

Ollersett
Ollersett is an area of New Mills, Derbyshire, England, about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) northeast of the town centre, between St. George's Road and High Hill Road. It is about 1,650 feet (500 m) long with about 100 houses, mostly built in the late 1940s.
Bowling Green Independent School District
Bowling Green Independent School District (BGISD) is a school district headquartered in Bowling Green, Kentucky. It includes inner portions of Bowling Green, while outer portions are in Warren County Public Schools.

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
Allison T56
The Allison T56 is an American single-shaft, modular design military turboprop with a 14-stage axial flow compressor driven by a four-stage turbine. It was originally developed by the Allison Engine Company for the Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport entering production in 1954. It has been a Rolls-Royce product since 1995 when Allison was acquired by Rolls-Royce. The commercial version is designated 501-D. Over 18,000 engines have been produced since 1954, logging over 200 million flying hours.

Rolls-Royce T406
The Rolls-Royce T406 (company designation AE 1107) is a turboshaft engine developed by Allison Engine Company (now part of Rolls-Royce) that powers the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey tiltrotor. The engine delivers 6,000 shp (4,500 kW).