hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tundama
Tundama or Saymoso (15th century – late December 1539 in Duitama) was a cacique of the Muisca Confederation, a loose confederation of different rulers of the Muisca who inhabited the central highlands (Altiplano Cundiboyacense) of the Colombian Andes. The city of Tundama, currently known as Duitama and part of the Tundama Province, Boyacá, were named after the cacique. Tundama ruled over the northernmost territories of the Muisca, submitted last by the Spanish conquistadores.

Tundama was killed late December 1539 with a large hammer by Spanish conquistador Baltasar Maldonado. His successor, Don Juan was killed shortly after, ending the reign of the Muisca in the New Kingdom of Granada, the name for present-day Colombia and a part of Venezuela in the Spanish Empire.

Knowledge about Tundama has been compiled by scholar Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita.

Iraca
The iraca, sometimes spelled iraka, was the ruler and high priest of Sugamuxi in the confederation of the Muisca who inhabited the Altiplano Cundiboyacense; the central highlands of the Colombian Andes. Iraca can also refer to the Iraka Valley over which they ruled. Important scholars who wrote about the iraca were Lucas Fernández de Piedrahita, Alexander von Humboldt and Ezequiel Uricoechea.
Six-Day War (1899)
The Six-Day War was a brief war fought between the United Kingdom and several punti clans of the New Territories in Hong Kong from 14–19 April 1899. Several punti clan leaders were opposed to the British takeover of the New Territories, which had been approved by the Qing dynasty via the Second Convention of Peking. Fearing the loss of their traditional land rights, a force of 2,600 militiamen attacked nearby British forces before being quickly beaten back, suffering 500 dead in the process. Governor Henry Arthur Blake took a conciliatory stance towards the punti clans, agreeing to acknowledge their land rights, which continue to be recognised into the present day.

Henry Arthur Blake
Sir Henry Arthur Blake GCMG DL JP FRGS (Chinese: 卜力; Sidney Lau: Buk1 Lik6; 8 January 1840 – 23 February 1918) was an Irish-born British colonial administrator who held the governorships of six British colonies over the course of his career.
The Fenyeit Freir of Tungland
Ane Ballat of the Fenyeit Frier of Tungland, How He Fell in the Myre Fleand to Turkiland is a comic, satirical poem in Scots by William Dunbar (born 1459 or 1460) composed in the early sixteenth century.
The title may be rendered in modern English as A Ballad of The False Friar of Tongland, How He Fell in the Mire Flying to Turkey.

The poem mocks an apparent attempt by John Damian, the abbott of Tongland, to fly from a wall of Stirling Castle using a pair of artificial wings. While pillorying this event, Dunbar makes a broader attack on Damian's character, depicting him as a habitual charlatan.

The text of the poem is preserved in the Bannatyne Manuscript and, partially, in the Asloan Manuscript.

William Dunbar
William Dunbar (1459 or 1460 – by 1530) was a Scottish makar, or court poet, active in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. He was closely associated with the court of King James IV and produced a large body of work in Scots distinguished by its great variation in themes and literary styles. He was probably a native of East Lothian, as assumed from a satirical reference in The Flyting of Dumbar and Kennedie. His surname is also spelt Dumbar.
Beinn a' Chaorainn (Glen Spean)
Beinn a' Chaorainn is a Scottish mountain situated on the northern side of Glen Spean in the Lochaber region of the Highland Council area. The mountain which is located 30 km east-northeast of Fort William is one of several of the same name in the Scottish Highlands and should not be confused with another well known Beinn a' Chaorainn in the Cairngorms.

Beinn a' Chaorainn (Cairngorms)
Beinn a' Chaorainn is a Scottish mountain in the heart of the Cairngorms range. It is quite a remote hill, being located roughly 19 kilometres south east of Aviemore and 14 kilometres north west of Braemar. The mountain stands on the border of the Moray and Aberdeenshire council areas. The hill's name used to be spelt as Beinn a' Chaoruinn, but the spelling of the word caorunn (in genitive case here) was altered to caorann by the Gaelic Orthographic Convention's attempts to standardise spelling.
Lea Luboshutz
Lea Luboshutz (February 22, 1885 – March 18, 1965) was a Russian violinist. She had a performing career in Europe and the United States of America, settling in America and becoming a teacher at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. She was the mother of the conductor Boris Goldovsky and the sister of the pianist Pierre Luboshutz and the cellist, Anna Luboshutz.

Boris Goldovsky
Boris Goldovsky (/ɡoʊlˈdɒfski/; Russian: Борис Анисимович Голдовский; June 7, 1908 – February 15, 2001) was a Russian-born conductor and broadcast commentator, active in the United States. He has been called an important "popularizer" of opera in America. As an opera producer, conductor, impresario, and broadcaster, he was prominent within the American operatic community between 1946 and 1985.
Azzo VII d'Este
Azzo VII d'Este (also known as Novello; 1205 – 16 February 1264) was Marquis of Ferrara from 1215 to 1222, and again from 1240 until his death.

The son of Azzo VI d'Este and a noblewoman from the Aldobrandeschi family, he married in 1225. He became the leader of the Guelph forces in the March of Ancona and faced the invasion of Duke Rainald of Spoleto during the War of the Keys in 1228–1230. In 1242, after defeating Ezzelino III da Romano, Azzo captured Ferrara and established his family's lordship in the city, which lasted until the late Renaissance.

In 1259, he again defeated Ezzelino and his Ghibelline troops in the Battle of Cassano. He married twice and had one son, Rinaldo (born after 1221), who was captured by Frederick II and died as a prisoner in Apulia in 1251. He also had three daughters: Cubitosa (died in 1275), Constanza (died in 1315), and Beatrice (died in 1262). He was succeeded by his grandson, Obizzo.

Azzo VI d'Este
Azzo VI (1170 – November 1212), also known as Azzolino, was an Italian nobleman and condottiero. He held the title of Marquis of Este (marchio Eystensis) from the death of his father, Azzo V, in 1190 until his death.
Gold Ship
Gold Ship (Japanese: ゴールドシップ, Hepburn: Gōrudo Shippu; foaled 6 March 2009) is a retired Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse. In a racing career which began in July 2011, he ran twenty-eight times and won thirteen races. As a two-year-old in 2011, he won two of his four races. In 2012, he won the Satsuki Shō and the Kikuka Shō, the first and third legs of the Japanese Triple Crown. In December, he defeated a strong field in the weight-for-age invitational Arima Kinen, which led to his being rated the best three-year-old racehorse in the world by some authorities. As a four-year-old, he ran disappointingly in the Tennō Shō but returned to form to win the Takarazuka Kinen. As a five-year-old, Gold Ship became the first horse to record a second victory in the Takarazuka Kinen and in 2015 he added a win in the Tennō Shō. He is known for his unpredictable temperament, with major wins being interspersed with inexplicably poor efforts.

Takarazuka Kinen
The Takarazuka Kinen (宝塚記念) is a Grade I flat horse race in Japan for Thoroughbreds aged three and over a distance of 2,200 metres (approximately 1+3⁄8 miles) at Hanshin Racecourse (阪神競馬場) in late June. It is one of the two "All-Star" races in Japanese horse racing; the other being the Arima Kinen (the Grand Prix) held in late December.

The Takarazuka Kinen was first run in 1960 with a distance of 1,800 metres. From 1961 to 1965 the race was run over 2,000 metres and since 1966 it has been run over its present distance.

The race is run on the turf and is named after the city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, the location of Hanshin Racecourse, which is the venue of the race.

As with the Arima Kinen, the majority of the runners in the field are selected by a vote from racing fans, while the remainder are determined by the amount of prize money won.
Only U
"Only U" is a song by American singer Ashanti from her third studio album, Concrete Rose (2004). The song's introduction uses a sample of Club Nouveau's 1986 song "Why You Treat Me So Bad". "Only U" is a rock-tinged song that finds Ashanti in love and willing to do anything to be with the one she loves, no matter the cost.

Released on October 18, 2004, as the album's lead single, the track reached number 13 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in January 2005. Internationally, it peaked at number two in the United Kingdom and number four in Ireland, becoming Ashanti's most successful single in both countries. The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, with most praising its sensual lyrics, guitar riff and her vocal performance.

Why You Treat Me So Bad
"Why You Treat Me So Bad?" is a 1987 single by Club Nouveau from their 1986 album Life, Love & Pain. The basic melodic hook of the song is taken from a hit by Club Nouveau member Jay King's previous project as producer, Timex Social Club (namely, the song "Thinkin' About Ya").

The song has been sampled several times by other musicians. Hip-hop duo Luniz interpolated the song on their hit single "I Got 5 on It"; that song was then sampled by Sean 'Puff Daddy' Combs, on his hit single, "Satisfy You"; as well as "I Like It" by Mr. Capone-E and "I Know" by Yo Gotti. Singer Ashanti sampled the song for her hit single "Only U", as well as Jennifer Lopez on "I'm Gonna Be Alright".

No Doubt singer Gwen Stefani cited the song as the reason she recorded her solo debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby., after she listened to it while the band was on tour.
Jim Barton (sailor)
James Barton (born March 3, 1956, in Lincoln County, Tennessee) is an American competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the Soling class at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, together with Jeff Madrigali and Kent Massey.

Kent Massey
Joseph Kent Massey (born April 2, 1952 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is an American competitive sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a bronze medal in the Soling class at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, together with Jim Barton and Jeff Madrigali.
Matchbook Romance
Matchbook Romance is an American rock band from Poughkeepsie, New York, initially formed in 1997 under the name Fizzlewink (1997–2001) and then The Getaway (2001–2002). They were signed to Epitaph Records and released two full-length albums, one EP and one split EP with Motion City Soundtrack under their label. Their EP West For Wishing, released in April 2003, was their first professional record and was produced by Brett Gurewitz. In September 2003, they debuted their first full-length album, Stories and Alibis.

Epitaph Records
Epitaph Records is an American independent record label owned by Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz. A large portion of the record label, known as Hellcat Records, is owned by Tim Armstrong, frontman of the punk rock band Rancid. Several sister labels also exist, such as ANTI-, Burning Heart Records, Hellcat Records, and Heart & Skull Records that have signed other types of bands.
1873 Invercargill by-election
The 1873 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Invercargill. The by-election occurred following the resignation of MP William Henderson Calder and was won by John Cuthbertson.

John Cuthbertson (politician)
John Robert Cuthbertson (1834–1882) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician.

He represented the Invercargill electorate in Parliament from 1873 to 1875, when he was defeated. He was Mayor of Invercargill in 1876–1877.
1915 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1915 Norwegian Football Cup was the 14th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for 1915 local association leagues (kretsserier) champions. Odd won their sixth title, having beaten Kvik (Fredrikshald) in the final.

Odds BK
Odds Ballklubb, commonly known as Odd, is a Norwegian professional football club from Skien. Originally the football section of a multi-sports club, it was founded in 1894, nine years after the club's founding. Most sports other than football and gymnastics were discontinued and the club became dedicated primarily to football. Odd plays in the Norwegian First Division, the second tier of the Norwegian football league system, and holds the record of winning the Norwegian Football Cup the most times with twelve wins, the last coming in 2000. The club was known as Odd Grenland between 1994 and 2012. Founded in 1894, Odd is the oldest football club in Norway. As of 13 May 2017 the club was granted a membership in Club of Pioneers. It then became the first Nordic football club to be granted this membership.
Perfectly Imperfect (Elle Varner album)
Perfectly Imperfect is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Elle Varner. It was released on August 7, 2012, under RCA and MBK Entertainment. Recording sessions for the album took place at Jungle City Studios in New York City, Soulstar Studios in Brooklyn, Larrabee Sound Studio in North Hollywood, and Skip Saylor Studios in Northridge, California. For the production of the album Varner enlisted writers and producers including J. Cole, Pop & Oak, Frankie Storm, and Darrhyl Camper.

Three singles preceded the album's release, "Only Wanna Give It to You", featuring American rapper J. Cole, "Refill", released on January 31, 2012 and "I Don't Care", released on July 16, 2012.

Only Wanna Give It to You
"Only Wanna Give It to You" is a song by American singer-songwriter and R&B recording artist Elle Varner, released on August 16, 2011 as a digital download. It serves as her debut single and the lead single from her debut studio album, Perfectly Imperfect (2012). The song features American rapper J. Cole and was produced by Oak & Pop. The Elle Varner song was released and her only single with J Records prior to RCA Records before closing down the label.
White Township, New Jersey
White Township is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 4,606, a decrease of 276 (−5.7%) from the 2010 census count of 4,882, which in turn reflected an increase of 637 (+15.0%) from the 4,245 counted in the 2000 census.

White Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1913, from portions of Oxford Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 1, 1913, making it the second-youngest township in the county.

Knowlton Township, New Jersey
Knowlton Township is a township in Warren County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 2,894, a decrease of 161 (−5.3%) from the 2010 census count of 3,055, which in turn reflected an increase of 78 (+2.6%) from the 2,977 counted in the 2000 census.
Will to power
The will to power (German: der Wille zur Macht) is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. The will to power describes what Nietzsche may have believed to be the main driving force in humans. He never systematically defined it, leaving its interpretation open to debate. His use of the term can be summarized as self-determination, the concept of actualizing one's will onto oneself or one's surroundings, and it coincides heavily with egoism.

Will (philosophy)
Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind. Will is important as one of the parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding. It is considered central to the field of ethics because of its role in enabling deliberate action.

A recurring question in Western philosophical tradition is about free will—and the related, but more general notion of fate—which asks how the will can truly be free if a person's actions have either natural or divine causes determining them. In turn, this is directly connected to discussions on the nature of freedom and to the problem of evil.
Public Whip
The Public Whip is a parliamentary informatics project that analyses and publishes the voting history of MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It was developed by Francis Irving and Julian Todd following the 18 March 2003 Parliamentary Approval for the invasion of Iraq as a tool to record which MPs had defied their party's whip long after the information had become effectively inaccessible for reference.

On 1 August 2011 Irving and Todd handed control of the site to a new team.

The project is loosely affiliated to mySociety's TheyWorkForYou with which it shares a large part of the same parliamentary parsing code-base.

In 2014 the OpenAustralia Foundation launched a fork of the project for Australia's federal parliament called They Vote For You .

Julian Todd
Julian Todd is a British computer programmer and activist for freedom of information who works in Liverpool.

He was inventor and co-founder of Public Whip with Francis Irving, and also the affiliated TheyWorkForYou website, a project that parses raw Hansard data to track how members vote in the UK Parliament. Initially risking prosecution for reusing the raw data under Crown copyright, they were later successful in getting permission to use it. He has since extended this concept of parsing political transcripts to the General Assembly and Security Council of the United Nations to establish UNdemocracy.com in 2007.

Todd is a Director of ScraperWiki.

Todd also writes science fiction short stories, and is cited as a major inspiration for the Mundane science fiction movement.
Mark Robson (film director)
Mark Robson (4 December 1913 – 20 June 1978) was a Canadian-American film director, producer, and editor. Robson began his 45-year career in Hollywood as a film editor. He later began working as a director and producer. He directed 34 films during his career, including Champion (1949), Bright Victory (1951), The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1954), Peyton Place (1957), The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958), Von Ryan's Express (1965), Valley of the Dolls (1967), and Earthquake (1974).

Robson was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director – for Peyton Place and The Inn of the Sixth Happiness – as well as four nominations for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in Feature Films. Two of his films were nominated for the Cannes Film Festival's Palme d'Or. In 1960, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture industry.

Peyton Place (film)
Peyton Place is a 1957 American drama film starring Lana Turner, Hope Lange, Lee Philips, Lloyd Nolan, Diane Varsi, Arthur Kennedy, Russ Tamblyn, and Terry Moore. Directed by Mark Robson, it follows the residents of a small fictional New England mill town in the years surrounding World War II, where scandal, homicide, suicide, incest, and moral hypocrisy belie its tranquil façade. It is based on Grace Metalious's bestselling 1956 novel of the same name.

Released in December 1957, Peyton Place was a major box-office success, though its omission of the novel's sexually explicit material was widely criticized. The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture. It won none, tying the record set by The Little Foxes for most nominations with no wins.
Ingvar
Ingvar or Yngvar (Old Norse: Yngvarr [ˈyŋɡwɑrː], d. early 7th century) was the son of Östen and reclaimed the Swedish throne for the House of Yngling after the Swedes had rebelled against Sölve.
He is reported to have fallen in battle in Estonia and been buried there. Although the account of Ingvar is semi-legendary, the discovery of two boat grave sites in Salme, modern Estonia has confirmed that a similar historic event took place in the 8th century.

Ancient Estonia
Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering the History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades.
Abstract Theory
Abstract Theory is the debut solo album released by former Five member Abs. The album was released on 1 September 2003, peaking at No. 29 on the UK Albums Chart. The album failed to find success elsewhere, and resulted in Abs being dropped from his record label just months later. The album spawned five singles: "What You Got", "Stop Sign", "Shame" and "Miss Perfect". The album received mixed to positive reviews from critics, comparing his material to that of his former band, Five.

What You Got (Abs song)
"What You Got" is the debut solo single of English singer and former Five member Abs, written by Abs, Richard "Biff" Stannard, and Julian Gallagher. Produced by the latter two, the track is based on Althea & Donna's 1977 song "Uptown Top Ranking", so Errol Thompson, Joe Gibbs, and Althea & Donna are given writing credits. The female vocals on the song are provided by Dawn Joseph, Shernette May, and Sharon Murphy.

"What You Got" was released as the lead single from Abs' debut album, Abstract Theory (2003), and was the first single released by a solo Five member following their split in November 2001. Issued on 19 August 2002, the single reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, entered the top 10 in Ireland and New Zealand, and became a top-40 hit in several other European countries and Australia.
Gareth Delve
Gareth Leon Delve (born 30 December 1982) is a former Wales international rugby union player. Having started his career playing rugby in the English Premiership Rugby from 2001, he became a captain of Gloucester. Then, in late 2010, he moved to Australia where he went on to captain the Melbourne Rebels, as well as later playing in Japan. He returned to play his final season for the Swansea Ospreys, before retiring from professional rugby in 2016, his usual position was number 8. Since retirement he has completed an MSc in university, and had become part of backroom staff in Bristol and then Gloucester, where since 2022 he became the academy manager.

Melbourne Rebels
The Melbourne Rebels were an Australian professional rugby union team based in Melbourne, Victoria that competed in the Super Rugby competition. The Rebels made their debut in SANZAR's Super Rugby tournament in 2011. The club shared its name with a former Australian Rugby Championship (ARC) team, but was unrelated. The team played its home matches at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, in the city's Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct, and played one game of the 2020 Super Rugby season at Eureka Stadium in Ballarat.

The team's participation agreement was revoked by Rugby Australia (RA) at the conclusion of the 2024 Super Rugby Pacific season. The women's team was also disbanded by Rugby Australia.