hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
History of Winnipeg
The history of Winnipeg comprises its initial population of Aboriginal peoples through its settlement by Europeans to the present day. The first forts were built on the future site of Winnipeg in the 1700s, followed by the Selkirk Settlement in 1812. Winnipeg was incorporated as a city in 1873 and experienced dramatic growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Following the end of World War I, the city's importance as a commercial centre in Western Canada began to wane. Winnipeg and its suburbs experienced significant population growth after 1945, and the current City of Winnipeg was created by the unicity amalgamation in 1972.

Fort Garry
Fort Garry, also known as Upper Fort Garry, was a Hudson's Bay Company trading post located at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in or near the area now known as The Forks in what is now central Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Fort Garry was established in 1822, although its first iteration was destroyed in 1826 by severe flooding. The trading post was rebuilt in 1836 and served as the administrative centre for the Red River Colony. From 1869 to 1870, the fort was briefly occupied by Louis Riel and his Métis followers during the Red River Rebellion. The fort was demolished in the 1880s to make way for Winnipeg's Main Street, although the fort's gate remains.

The site of the former fort was designated as a part of a larger National Historic Site in 1924. Development of a provincial heritage site on the historic site of Fort Garry began in the early 21st century.
Tucking Mill
Tucking Mill is a small hamlet within the parish of Monkton Combe, Somerset, England. It lies on Midford Brook and was a key point on the now disused Somerset Coal Canal.

It is at the southern end of the Two Tunnels Greenway which follows the disused railway trackbed of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway from East Twerton through the Bath suburb of Oldfield Park to the Devonshire Tunnel, emerging into Lyncombe Vale before entering the Combe Down Tunnel, and then coming out to cross Tucking Mill Viaduct into Midford.

There is also a small reservoir, which is now a fishery for the disabled.

Two Tunnels Greenway
The Two Tunnels Greenway is a shared use path for walking and cycling in Bath, Somerset, England. The route links National Cycle Route 24 south of Bath with National Cycle Route 4 in the town centre, and is designated as National Cycle Route 244.
Mount Karthala
Mount Karthala or Karthola (Arabic: القرطالة Al Qirṭālah) is an active volcano and the highest point of the Comoros at 2,361 m (7,746 ft) above sea level. It is the southernmost and larger of the two shield volcanoes forming Grande Comore island, the largest island in the nation of Comoros. The Karthala volcano is very active, having erupted more than 20 times since the 19th century. Frequent eruptions have shaped the volcano's 3 km by 4 km summit caldera, but the island has largely escaped broad destruction. Eruptions on April 17, 2005 and May 29, 2006 ended a period of quiet.

Humblot's flycatcher
Humblot's flycatcher (Humblotia flavirostris) or the Grand Comore flycatcher, is a small passerine bird belonging to the Old World flycatcher family. It is the only member of its genus. Humblot's flycatcher is endemic to the island of Grand Comoro in the Comoros where it inhabits forest on the slopes of Mount Karthala. The scientific name commemorates the French naturalist Léon Humblot.
City of Dandenong
The City of Dandenong was a local government area about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 36.26 square kilometres (14.00 sq mi), and existed from 1857 until 1994.

City of Greater Dandenong
The City of Greater Dandenong is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the southeastern suburbs of Melbourne. It has an area of just under 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi) and recorded 158,208 residents at the 2021 census. 29% of its land area forms part of the South East Green Wedge.

The Bunurong/Boon Wurrung and Wurundjeri peoples are the traditional owners and custodians of the land on which Greater Dandenong is now located.
Puente de Coloso
Coloso Bridge (Spanish: Puente de Coloso), also known as Bridge Number 1142, is located in Aguada on PR-418 at the 0.5-kilometer (0.31 mi) marking, between the Guanábano and Espinar barrios in Aguada.

It is a metal bridge, 25.9 meters (85 ft) long which crosses over the Culebrinas River. The bridge rails are built in a warren truss style with steel posts. Because the bridge was used for the transport of sugarcane, it was built large enough for truck access. It was built by the Central Coloso sugarcane mill for the railway transportation of the cane harvest. The bridge allowed access to nearby Guanábano and Espinar barrios in Aguada, and Moca.

Aguada, Puerto Rico
Aguada (/əˈɡwɑːdə/; Spanish: [aˈɣwaða], locally [aˈwaða]), originally San Francisco de Asís de la Aguada, is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico, located in the northwestern coastal valley region bordering the Atlantic Ocean, east of Rincón, south of Aguadilla, west of Moca; and north of Añasco and Mayagüez. It is part of the Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastián Metropolitan Statistical Area. Aguada's population is spread over 17 barrios and Aguada Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city).
Lacandon people
The Lacandon are one of the Maya peoples who live in the jungles of the Mexican state of Chiapas, near the southern border with Guatemala. Their homeland, the Lacandon Jungle, lies along the Mexican side of the Usumacinta River and its tributaries. The Lacandon are one of the most isolated and culturally conservative of Mexico's native peoples. Almost extinct in 1943, today their population has grown significantly, yet remains small, at approximately 650 speakers of the Lacandon language.

Kejache
The Kejache (/keˈχätʃe/) (sometimes spelt Kehache, Quejache, Kehach, Kejach or Cehache) were a Maya people in northern Guatemala at the time of Spanish contact in the 17th century. The Kejache territory was located in the Petén Basin in a region that takes in parts of both Guatemala and Mexico. Linguistic evidence indicates that the Kejache shared a common origin with the neighbouring Itzas to their southeast and the Kejache may have occupied the general region since the Classic period (c. AD 250–900). The Kejache were initially contacted by conquistador Hernán Cortés in 1525; they were later in prolonged contact with the Spanish as the latter opened a route southwards towards Lake Petén Itzá.
Australian Antarctic Territory
The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is a part of East Antarctica claimed by Australia as an external territory. It is administered by the Australian Antarctic Division, an agency of the federal Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.  It is the largest sector of Antarctica by area claimed by any country. Australia is an original signatory to the Antarctic Treaty of 1959, under which all territorial claims are held in abeyance. Only four other countries accept Australia's claim to sovereignty, being New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, and Norway, all of which have territorial claims in Antarctica and mutually accept one another's claims.

Casey Station
Casey Station, commonly called Casey, is one of three permanent stations and research outposts in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). Casey lies on the northern side of the Bailey Peninsula overlooking Vincennes Bay on the Budd Coast of Wilkes Land in the Australian Antarctic Territory, a territory claimed by Australia. Casey is 3,880 kilometres (2,410 mi) due south of Perth, Western Australia.

Casey was named in honour of Richard, Baron Casey.
Paisley Park Soccer Complex
The Paisley Park Soccer Complex in Altona North, Victoria, provides the facilities for local soccer club Altona Magic, who play in National Premier Leagues Victoria and are supported by the Macedonian Australian community. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 spectators. The Altona East Phoenix, who currently participate in the Victorian State League Division 1 N/W, also share the facilities, and are predominantly backed by the local Greek Australian community.

The complex was established in 1975 and upgraded in 2005. This gave Altona Magic new clubrooms, and allowed space for the Altona East Phoenix move in. Their facilities are side-by-side, separated by a folding wall, allowing the space to be expanded, which can cater for 200 people.

Altona East Phoenix SC
Altona East Phoenix Soccer Club (PAOK) is an Australian soccer club based in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, currently in the Victorian State League Division 2 North-West. They play at the Paisley Park Soccer Complex in Altona North.
United Arab Emirates men's national basketball team
The United Arab Emirates men's national basketball team (Arabic: منتخب الإمارات العربية المتحدة لكرة السلة) represents the United Arab Emirates in international basketball. They are controlled by the United Arab Emirates Basketball Association.

The UAE made its debut in international competition at the 1982 Asian Games. Furthermore, the national team has qualified to the FIBA Asia Cup eight times, with their best result coming in 1997, where they finished fifth. The UAE has also competed at the Arab Nations Cup multiple times, where they had their top performance in 1997, winning bronze.

2011 FIBA Asia Championship
The 2011 FIBA Asia Championship for Men is the intercontinental championship for basketball organized by FIBA Asia that doubles as a qualifying tournament for the men's basketball tournament of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from 15 to 25 September 2011 in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Lebanon was the original host for the event. Team China won the tournament, defeating Jordan 70–69 in the final. It was the first time in the history of the FIBA Asia Cup that the title was won by just one point.
Henley River
The Henley River is a river in Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. The river is in the Hudson Bay drainage basin and is a left tributary of the Albany River. From 1768 until 1850, the majority of its existence, the Hudson's Bay Company Henley House was at the mouth of the river; prior to that, it was on the opposite (left) bank to the confluence of the Kenogami River with the Albany River, just 8 miles (13 km) upstream.

Albany River
The Albany River (Cree: ᑭᐢᑕᒍ·ᐊᐣ ᓯᐱ kistachowan sipi) is a river in Northern Ontario, Canada, which flows northeast from Lake St. Joseph in Northwestern Ontario and empties into James Bay. It is 982 kilometres (610 mi) long to the head of the Cat River (a tributary of Lake St. Joseph), tying it with the Severn River for the title of longest river entirely in Ontario. Major tributaries include the Kenogami River and Ogoki River.
Mungar railway station
Mungar railway station (also known as Mungar Junction railway station) is a closed railway station on the North Coast railway line, Queensland, Australia. It was the station at which the now closed Mungar Junction to Monto railway line branched from the North Coast line, giving it the name Mungar Junction.

Mungar Junction to Monto railway line
The Mungar Junction to Monto railway line is a 267-kilometre (166 mi) railway in Queensland, Australia. Progressively opened in eleven stages between 1889 and 1928 the line branched from the North Coast line at Mungar Junction a short distance west of Maryborough and followed a westerly route towards Biggenden and Gayndah before turning north via Mundubbera and Eidsvold to Monto. It is also known as the Gayndah Monto Branch Railway. In 2012, the line was officially closed.
Gilbert (unit)
The gilbert (symbol: Gb) is a unit used in practical cgs and CGS-EMU systems to measure magnetomotive force.  The unit is named for English physicist William Gilbert.

Definition:

1 Gb = (1/4π) Bi-t

Conversion to the corresponding quantity in the SI, with the unit ampere-turn (A⋅t):

1 Gb ≘ (10/4π) A-turn ≈ 0.7957747 A⋅t

1 A-turn ≘ 4π × 10−1 Gb

Magnetomotive force
In physics, the magnetomotive force (abbreviated mmf or MMF, symbol ) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, Hopkinson's law. It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields:

where Φ is the magnetic flux and  is the reluctance of the circuit.  It can be seen that the magnetomotive force plays a role in this equation analogous to the voltage V in Ohm's law, V = IR, since it is the cause of magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit:

where N is the number of turns in a coil and I is the electric current through the coil.

where Φ is the magnetic flux and  is the magnetic reluctance

where H is the magnetizing force (the strength of the magnetizing field) and L is the mean length of a solenoid or the circumference of a toroid.
Guy Gardner (character)
Guy Darrin Gardner, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, usually in association with the Green Lantern Corps, of which he is a member. Gardner has also been a member of various incarnations of the Justice League.

Gardner has been substantially adapted into media outside comics, primarily in association with the Green Lanterns. James Arnold Taylor, Diedrich Bader, and Troy Baker have voiced the character in animation. Matthew Settle portrayed the character in the television pilot Justice League of America. Nathan Fillion portrays Gardner in the DC Universe film Superman, a role he also plays in the second season of the television series Peacemaker and the upcoming television series Lanterns.

Green Lantern: Rebirth
Green Lantern: Rebirth is a six-issue monthly American comic book limited series written by Geoff Johns and illustrated by Ethan Van Sciver. Published by DC Comics between October 2004 and May 2005, the series featured characters from throughout the sixty-year history of Green Lantern comics.

The storyline follows the "rebirth" of the Silver Age Green Lantern Hal Jordan as he overcomes fear itself in the form of the cosmic entity Parallax. The series starred various members of the intergalactic police force known as the Green Lantern Corps, Kyle Rayner, John Stewart and Guy Gardner. It revived elements of the Green Lantern mythos including the Guardians of the Universe, Kilowog and the villain Sinestro, while introducing new concepts such as the emotional spectrum. In addition, the GLC power ring's flaw of being unable to directly affect the color yellow is significantly weakened, allowing experienced Corps members to overcome it if they can conquer their fear.
John M. Gamble
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel John Marshall Gamble (1791 – 11 September 1836) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps during the early 19th century.  He was the first, and remains the only known, U.S. Marine to command a U.S. Navy ship, commanding the prize ships Greenwich and Sir Andrew Hammond during naval actions in the Pacific during the War of 1812.

Seringapatam (1799 ship)
Seringapatam was built in 1799, of teak, as a warship for Tippu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore. However, the British stormed his citadel at Seringapatam that year and he was killed in the action. The vessel was sailed to England in the hopes that the Admiralty would buy it. The Admiralty did not, and British merchants bought her to use as a whaler. She made six voyages to the Southern Atlantic and the Pacific until 1813, on her sixth voyage, when during the War of 1812, a US frigate captured her. She served briefly as a tender to the frigate before mutineers and British prisoners recaptured her and sailed to Australia. After her return to her owners, she returned to whaling until 1846, making another nine voyages. She then sailed between London and New South Wales until 1850. In the 1850s and 1860s she sailed to Aden and Hamburg, ending her years trading between Shields and Quebec. She is no longer listed in 1870.
Post box
A post box (British English; also written postbox; also known as pillar box), also known as a collection box, mailbox, letter box or drop box (American English), is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.

Royal cypher
In modern heraldry, a royal cypher is a monogram or monogram-like device of a country's reigning sovereign, typically consisting of the initials of the monarch's name and title, sometimes interwoven and often surmounted by a crown. Such a cypher as used by an emperor or empress is called an imperial cypher.

Royal cyphers appear on some government buildings, are impressed upon royal and state documents, and are used by governmental departments.  They may also appear on other governmental structures built under a particular ruler.
Holm, Pinneberg
Holm (German pronunciation: [hɔlm] ⓘ) is a municipality in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is part of the Amt Geest und Marsch Südholstein.

In the eastern part is the local recreation area Holmer Sandberge, to the west of Holm begins the Elbmarsch.

The B 431 Highway runs through Holm and leads directly to Wedel and Hamburg, Uetersen, Pinneberg and Tornesch. 
Three bus lines connect Holm with the rapid transit railway in Wedel.

Holm's neighbour municipalities are Appen, Hetlingen and Heist.

Holmer Sandberge
The Holmer Sandberge is an inland dune area in the municipality of Holm in the district of Pinneberg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. They form the largest inland dune area of Schleswig-Holstein. The area is part of two larger protected areas: the "Holmer Sandberge und Moorbereiche" protected landscape area, and the "Holmer Sandberge und Buttermoor" Special Area of Conservation.

The Holmer Sandberge consists of former dunes, formed during the last ice age from the former glacial valley of the River Elbe. 
Large open sand dunes with "tree islands" of bizarre pine regrowth makes this a unique landscape. Heaths and dry grasslands are spreading, and rare animal and plant species are finding habitats.
The Holmer Sandberge are largely used as a recreational area for the surrounding area.
Retamales Point
Retamales Point (Bulgarian: нос Ретамалес, ‘Nos Retamales’ \'nos re-ta-'ma-les\) is the rock-tipped northeast entrance point of Hall Cove and west entrance point of Argonavt Cove, projecting 700 m northwards from the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The point is named after José Retamales Espinoza, Director of the Chilean Antarctic Institute, for his support for the Bulgarian Antarctic programme.

Hall Cove
Hall Cove (Bulgarian: залив Хол, romanized: Zaliv Hall \'za-liv 'hol\) is the 2.85 km wide cove indenting for 1 km the northwest coast of Nelson Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Entered northeast of Smilets Point and southwest of Retamales Point.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The cove is named after John Hall of the British Antarctic Survey, for his support for the Bulgarian Antarctic programme.
Dubno
Dubno (Ukrainian: Дубно, IPA: [ˈdubno] ⓘ; Polish: Dubno) is a city and municipality located on the Ikva River in Rivne Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Dubno Raion (district). The city is located on intersection of two major European routes, E40 and E85. The city is estimated to have a population of 36,901 (2022 estimate).  It is located within the historic region of Volhynia.

In Soviet times it was home to the Cold War facility Dubno air base. The city is also famous for its castle.

Axel von dem Bussche
Axel Ernst-August Clamor Franz Albrecht Erich Leo Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst (German: [ˈaksl̩ ˈfʁaɪ̯ˌhɛʁ fɔn dɛm ˈbʊʃə] ⓘ; 24 April 1919 – 26 January 1993) was a German officer during World War II and was a member of the German Resistance. He planned to assassinate Adolf Hitler in coordination with Claus von Stauffenberg in November 1943 at the Wolfsschanze.

In 1942, von dem Bussche witnessed by chance an SS-organised gruesome massacre of more than 3,000 mostly Jewish civilians carried out by the SD at the old Dubno airport. This experience traumatized him and turned him decidedly against Hitler. He joined an ad hoc resistance group within Army Group Centre later to be led by Count Claus von Stauffenberg. In 1943 he volunteered for a suicide assassination attempt on Hitler while modeling uniforms.
Abamectin
Abamectin (also called avermectin B1) is a widely used insecticide and anthelmintic. Abamectin, is a member of the avermectin family and is a natural fermentation product of soil dwelling actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectin differs from ivermectin, the popular member of the avermectin family, by a double bond between carbons 22 and 23. Fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis yields eight closely related avermectin homologs, with the B1a and B1b forms comprising the majority of the fermentation. The non-proprietary name, abamectin, refers to a mixture of B1a (~80%) and B1b (~20%). Out of all the avermectins, abamectin is the only one that is used both in agriculture and pharmaceuticals.

Streptomyces avermitilis
Streptomyces avermitilis is a species of bacteria in the genus Streptomyces. This bacterium was discovered by Satoshi Ōmura in soil from a golf course in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

The first complete genome sequence of S. avermitilis was completed in 2003. The genome consists of a single chromosome with a linear structure, unlike most bacterial genomes, which exist in the form of circular chromosomes.

Avermectins are industrially derived from the fermentation products of S. avermitilis. Avermectin itself was discovered by the Satoshi Ōmura group and first disclosed in Burg et al. 1979. One of the most widely employed drugs against nematode and arthropod infestations is the avermectin derivative ivermectin, as well as abamectin, a widely used insecticide and antihelmintic.
Surprise Lake (Teton County, Wyoming)
Surprise Lake is a lake in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. Surprise Lake is on .20 miles (0.32 km) east of Amphitheater Lake and can be accessed via a strenuous climb of just under 10 miles (16 km) round trip from the Lupine Meadows trailhead. The National Park Service has three backcountry campsites at Surprise Lake which are allocated by permit only.

Amphitheater Lake
Amphitheater  Lake is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U. S. state of Wyoming. Amphitheater Lake is only .20 miles (0.32 km) west of Surprise Lake and can be accessed via a strenuous climb of just under 10 miles (16 km) round trip from the Lupine Meadows trailhead. Disappointment Peak is .50 miles (0.80 km) WNW of the lake.
Yoshimatsu, Kagoshima
Yoshimatsu (吉松町, Yoshimatsu-chō) was a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,818 and the density of 88.44 persons per km2. The total area was 54.48 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Yoshimatsu, along with the town of Kurino (also from Aira District), was merged to create the town of Yūsui and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Yūsui, Kagoshima
Yūsui (湧水町, Yūsui-chō) is a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.As of 31 March 2024, the town had an estimated population of 8,361 in 4600 households, and a  population density of 58 persons per km2.  The total area of the town is 144.29 km2 (55.71 sq mi).  "Yūsui" literally means "spring water", referring to springs in the town.