hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pashalik of Scutari
The Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831), also known as the Bushati Pashalik, was an Albanian pashalik within the Ottoman Empire that was ruled by the Bushati family. Its capital was Shkodër and ruled areas in modern-day Albania and large majority of modern-day Montenegro.

At its peak, during the reign of Kara Mahmud Bushati, the pashalik encompassed much of Albania and Kosovo, western Macedonia, southeastern Serbia, and most of Montenegro. Up to 1830, the Pashalik of Shkodra controlled most of the aforementioned lands (including southern Montenegro).

Mustafa Pasha Bushatli
Mustafa Pasha Bushatli (Turkish: Buşatlı Mustafa Paşa, 1797 – May 27, 1860), called Ishkodrali ("from Scutari"), was a semi-independent Ottoman statesman, the last hereditary governor of the Pashalik of Scutari. In 1810 he succeeded Ibrahim Bushati and ruled Shkodër until 1831.
Eungella National Park
Eungella National Park  (/ˈjʌŋɡɛlə/ YUNG-gel-ə; meaning "Land of the clouds") is a protected area in Queensland, Australia. It is on the Clarke Range at the end of the Pioneer Valley 80 km west of Mackay, and 858 km northwest of Brisbane. Eungella is noted for the national park which surrounds it. It is considered to be the longest continual stretch of sub-tropical rainforest in Australia. The original inhabitants are the Wirri people. The park is covered by dense rainforest and is known for its platypuses.

Eungella tinker frog
The Eungella tinker frog (Taudactylus liemi), also known as Eungella tinkerfrog, Liem's frog, or Liem's tinker frog, is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is endemic to the Eungella area in Queensland, Australia. It lives in rocky margins of fast-flowing creeks and seepages in montane rainforest at elevations of 180–1,250 m (590–4,100 ft) above sea level, but it is more common above 600 m (2,000 ft). It is commonly heard but rarely seen. In contrast to other amphibians in the area, such as Taudactylus eungellensis, no adverse effects of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis have been reported on this species. It is currently facing no major threats, although its habitat could be impacted by grazing and trampling of streamside vegetation by livestock. Also invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) are a potential future threat. Its range is with the Eungella National Park.
Jean Berthiaume
Joseph André Horace Jean Berthiaume, OBE, CD (November 27, 1915 – January 26, 2003) was a Canadian Army officer who served with the Régiment de St-Hyacinthe, the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps and the Royal 22e Régiment.

Royal Military College Saint-Jean
The Royal Military College Saint-Jean (French: Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean), commonly referred to as RMC Saint-Jean and CMR, is a Canadian military college and university. It is located on the historical site of Fort Saint-Jean, in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, 40 km south of Montreal. RMC Saint-Jean is an arm of the Canadian Military College (CMC) system that provides two college-level programs in Social Science and Science, which are closely integrated with the undergraduate programs offered by the Royal Military College of Canada. RMC Saint-Jean was granted independent university status in 2021, and it currently offers a bachelor's degree in International Studies.
Gangwon Province, South Korea
Gangwon Province (Korean: 강원도; RR: Gangwon-do), officially Gangwon State (강원특별자치도; lit. Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province), is a Special Self-Governing Province of South Korea. It is known as the largest and least densely populated subdivision of South Korea. Gangwon is one of the three provinces in South Korea with special self-governing status, the others being Jeju Province and Jeonbuk State. Gangwon is bordered on the east by the East Sea(Or Sea of Japan), it borders Gyeonggi Province to the west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to the south, and the Military Demarcation Line to the north, separating it from North Korea. In the 1945 division of Korea, the historical Gangwon Province was divided in half, and remains so to this day.

Pyeongchang County in Gangwon hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2018 Winter Paralympics. Gangwon also hosted the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.

North Gyeongsang Province
North Gyeongsang Province (Korean: 경상북도; RR: Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korean pronunciation: [kjʌŋ.saŋ.buk̚.t͈o]) is a province in eastern South Korea, and with an area of 18,420 km2 (7,110 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Korean peninsula. The province was formed in 1896 from the northern half of the former Gyeongsang province, and remained a province of Korea (as Keishōhoku-dō during Japanese rule) until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.

Daegu was the capital of North Gyeongsang Province between 1896 and 1981, but has not been a part of the province since 1981. In 2016, the provincial capital moved from Daegu to Andong.
Northside Swim Center
Northside Swim Center is a swimming pool complex located in San Antonio, Texas, United States. The center opened in 2013 and serves the local community as well as hosting larger, national, and international scale events. In addition to outdoor swimming and diving facilities, the complex includes indoor swimming facilities in the Northside Independent School District (NISD) Natatorium.

USA Swimming
USA Swimming is the national governing body for competitive swimming in the United States. It is charged with selecting the United States Olympic Swimming team and any other teams that officially represent the United States, as well as the overall organization and operation of the sport within the country, in accordance with the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act. The national headquarters of USA Swimming is located at the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Laser-assisted new attachment procedure
Laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP) is a surgical therapy for the treatment of periodontitis, intended to work through regeneration rather than resection. This therapy and the laser used to perform it have been in use since 1994. It was developed by Robert H. Gregg II and Delwin McCarthy.

In LANAP surgery, a variable free-running pulsed neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at 1064 nm wavelength is used by a dentist or periodontist to treat the periodontal pocket. The laser is intended to selectively remove diseased or infected pocket epithelium from the underlying connective tissue. The Nd:YAG laser has been shown to reduce levels of microbial pathogens in periodontal pockets and vaporize the pocket-lining epithelium without causing damage to the underlying connective tissue.

Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III),  typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size. It is the neodymium ion which provides the lasing activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as the red chromium ion in ruby lasers.

Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first demonstrated by Joseph E. Geusic et al. at Bell Laboratories in 1964. Geusic and LeGrand Van Uitert received the Optical Society of America's R. W. Wood Prize in 1993 "for the discovery of the Nd:YAG laser and the demonstration of its usefulness as a practical solid state laser source".
Bilboes
Bilboes (plurale tantum) are iron restraints normally placed on a person's ankles. They have commonly been used as leg shackles to restrain prisoners for different purposes until the modern ages. Bilboes were also used on slave ships, such as the Henrietta Marie.
According to legend, the device was invented in Bilbao and was imported into England by the ships of the Spanish Armada for use on prospective English prisoners. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that the term was used in English well before then.

Legcuffs
Legcuffs are physical restraints used on the ankles of a person to allow walking only with a restricted stride and to prevent running and effective physical resistance. Frequently used alternative terms are leg cuffs, (leg/ankle) shackles, footcuffs, fetters or leg irons. The term "fetter" shares a root with the word "foot".

Shackles are typically used on prisoners and slaves. Leg shackles also are used for chain gangs to keep them together.

Metaphorically, a fetter may be anything that restricts or restrains in any way, hence the word "unfettered".
Adelaide High School
Adelaide High School, originally named the Continuation School, is a state high school situated on the corner of West Terrace and Glover Avenue in the Adelaide Park Lands. Following the Advanced School for Girls, it was the second government high school in South Australia and the first coeducational public high school in that state. It was in 1951 split into Adelaide Boys' High School and Adelaide Girls' High School, until it was recombined back into Adelaide High School in 1976.

Melbourne High School
Melbourne High School is a government-funded single-sex academically selective secondary day school in the Melbourne suburb of South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. The school caters for boys from Year 9 to Year 12.
David Chastain
David Taylor Chastain (born August 31, 1953) is an American heavy metal guitarist and the owner of Leviathan Records and Diginet Music.

Chastain emerged in the mid-1980s along with a wave of other neo-classical guitarists. He has released about 50 recordings under multiple names, including David T. Chastain, CJSS, Georgia Blues Dawgs, The Cincinnati Improvisational Group, SPIKE, Zanister, Ruud Cooty and Southern Gentlemen (blues-rock); as well as a number of heavy metal releases under the band name Chastain, accompanied by female vocalist Leather Leone.

In more recent years, Chastain has worked as a record producer at his own company, Leviathan Records. His label specializes in discovering and promoting new talents, specializing in guitarists and bands.  He also runs Diginet Music, a company specializing in rare, unreleased or out-of-print music.

Leather Leone
Catherine Anne Leone, known professionally as Leather Leone, is an American heavy metal vocalist, best known for fronting the groups Rude Girl and Chastain in the 1980s. She released one solo album, Shock Waves, in 1989, before taking a twenty-year break from the music scene. In 2011 she began performing again in The Sledge/Leather Project, which released a debut heavy metal album, Imagine Me Alive, in 2012.
Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman
Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman (formerly Selkirk—Interlake) is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1976 to 1987, and since 1997.

The riding was a battleground between the New Democratic Party and conservative parties that has become more and more conservative as the years passed, and is now a safe Conservative Party seat.

Provencher
Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871. It is a largely rural constituency in the province's southeast corner. Its largest community is the city of Steinbach, which makes up 15% of the riding's total population.
Prince Hall
Prince Hall (c. 1735/38 – December 7, 1807) was an American abolitionist and leader in the free Black community in Boston. He founded Prince Hall Freemasonry and lobbied for education rights for African-American children. He was also active in the Back-to-Africa movement.

Hall tried to gain a place for New York's enslaved and free Blacks in Freemasonry, education, and the military, some of the most crucial spheres of society in his time. Hall is considered the founder of "Black Freemasonry" in the United States, known today as Prince Hall Freemasonry. He formed the African Grand Lodge of North America, and was unanimously elected its Grand Master and served until he died in 1807. Steve Gladstone, author of Freedom Trail Boston, states that Hall was "one of the most influential free black leaders in the late 1700s".

There is confusion about his birth year, place of birth, parents, and marriages, partly because there were numerous "Prince Halls" during this period.

Charles H. Wesley
Charles Harris Wesley (December 2, 1891 – August 16, 1987) was an American historian, educator, minister, and author. He published more than 15 books on African-American history, taught for decades at Howard University, and served as president of Wilberforce University, and founding president of Central State University, both in Ohio.
Lycoming T53
The Lycoming T53, (company designation LTC-1) is a turboshaft engine used on  helicopters and (as a turboprop) fixed-wing aircraft since the 1950s. It was designed at the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division in Stratford, Connecticut, by a team headed by Anselm Franz, who was the chief designer of the Junkers Jumo 004 during World War II.

A much larger engine, similar in overall design, became the Lycoming T55 produced by Honeywell Aerospace. The T53 model is produced by Ozark Aeroworks LLC.

Bell 204/205
The Bell 204 and 205 are the civilian versions of the UH-1 Iroquois single-engine military helicopter of the Huey family of helicopters. They are type-certificated in the transport category and are used in a wide variety of applications, including crop dusting, cargo lifting, Forestry Operations, and aerial firefighting.
St. Clair County, Michigan
St. Clair County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan and bordering the west bank of the St. Clair River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 160,383. It is the 13th-most populous county in the state. The county seat is Port Huron, located at the north end of the St. Clair River at Lake Huron. The county was created September 10, 1820, and its government was organized in 1821. It is located northeast of Detroit. It is considered by the State of Michigan to be a part of The Thumb, a peninsula that is surrounded by Lake Huron in the east-central area of the state. This area is sometimes dubbed the Blue Water Area.

Clay Township, Michigan
Clay Township is a civil township of St. Clair County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 8,446 at the 2020 census.

The township is located along the mouth of the St. Clair River at Lake St. Clair.  The river delta includes numerous islands, in which Harsens Island is the largest.  The township mostly surrounds the city of Algonac, but the two are administered autonomously since Algonac incorporated as a city in 1967.  Most of Algonac State Park is located within Clay Township.
Peter C. Byrne
Peter Cyril Byrne (August 22, 1925 - July 28, 2023) was an Irish-American explorer, writer, media personality, and cryptozoologist, probably best known as a Bigfoot investigator.  He, René Dahinden, John Green, and Grover Krantz have been dubbed the "Four Horsemen of Sasquatchery".

John Willison Green
John Willison Green (February 12, 1927 – May 28, 2016) was a Canadian journalist and a leading researcher of the Bigfoot phenomenon. He was a graduate of both the University of British Columbia and Columbia University and compiled a database of more than 3,000 sighting and track reports.
Amylodon
Amylodon is an extinct genus of chimaera. It consists of four described species. A. karamysh is known from the latest early Campanian of Russia, the name being derived from the Karamysh River which runs near the type locality. In the Eocene, two species are known. A. venablesae and A. eocenica are both known from the Ypresian-aged London Clay of England. A mandibular plate originally ascribed to the latter was found in the Bartonian of the Barton Beds of England, though later found not to fit with any described species. A. delheidi is known from the Rupelian-aged Boom Clay of Belgium. All species are known mainly from isolated mandibles. They show a slow progressing towards increased shearing ability. Amylodon was considered to be a member of Chimaeridae in Nessov and Averianov, 1996 but other studies have either been assigned to the "Edaphodontidae", or to the Rhinochimaeridae.

Rhinochimaeridae
The Rhinochimaeridae, commonly known as long-nosed chimaeras, are a family of cartilaginous fish. They are similar in form and habits to other chimaeras, but have an exceptionally long conical or paddle-shaped snout. The snout has numerous sensory nerve endings, and is used to find food such as small fish. The first dorsal fin includes a mildly venomous spine, used in defense.

Long-nosed chimaeras are found in temperate and tropical seas worldwide, from 200 to 2,000 m (660 to 6,560 ft) in depth. In August 2020, a long-nosed chimaera was brought up from 460 fathoms (2,760 ft; 840 m) off the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.

They range from 60 to 140 cm (2.0 to 4.6 ft) in maximum total length, depending on species.
Infantry of the British Army
The Infantry of the British Army comprises 49 infantry battalions, from 19 regiments. Of these, 32 battalions are part of the Regular army and the remaining 16 a part of the Army Reserve. The British Army's Infantry takes on a variety of roles, including armoured, mechanised, air assault and light.

Duke of Lancaster's Regiment
The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment (King's, Lancashire and Border) (LANCS) is an infantry regiment of the line within the British Army, part of the King's Division. Headquartered in Preston, it recruits throughout the North West of England. The title of Duke of Lancaster merged with the Crown on the accession of Henry V in 1413 and remains dormant, subject to any future revival. Customarily, however, the Sovereign (whether male or female) is referred to as the Duke of Lancaster within Lancashire and in relation to the Duchy of Lancaster, and is the regiment's Colonel in Chief. The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment is the county regiment for Cumbria, Lancashire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and the Isle of Man, and as such, recruits mainly from these areas.
Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten, 244 F. 535 (S.D.N.Y. 1917), was a decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, that addressed advocacy of illegal activity under the First Amendment. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals overturned Hand’s ruling in Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten (1917).

Brandenburg v. Ohio
Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court interpreting the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Court held that the government cannot punish inflammatory speech unless that speech is "directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action".: 702  Specifically, the Court struck down Ohio's criminal syndicalism statute, because that statute broadly prohibited the mere advocacy of violence. In the process, Whitney v. California (1927) was explicitly overruled, and Schenck v. United States (1919), Abrams v. United States (1919), Gitlow v. New York (1925), and Dennis v. United States (1951) were overturned.
2018 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell
The 2018 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell, also known as the Torneo Conde de Godó, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 66th edition of the event and part of the ATP World Tour 500 series of the 2018 ATP World Tour. It took place at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from 23 April until 29 April 2018. First-seeded Rafael Nadal won the singles title.

Barcelona Open (tennis)
The Barcelona Open (currently sponsored by Banc Sabadell) is an annual tennis tournament for male professional players. The event was founded in 1953 as a combined men's and women's tournament until 1980. It is played at the Real Club de Tenis Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain on clay courts. The event is commonly known as Trofeo Conde de Godó (English: Count of Godó Trophy).
Militello Rosmarino
Militello Rosmarino (Sicilian: Militiedddu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in the Italian region Sicily, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Palermo and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Messina.

Militello Rosmarino borders the following municipalities: Alcara li Fusi, San Fratello, San Marco d'Alunzio, Sant'Agata di Militello, Torrenova,   Capri Leone.

Sant'Agata di Militello
Sant'Agata di Militello (Sicilian: Sant'Àita di Militeddu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina in Sicily, Italy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) east of Palermo and about 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Messina.

Sant'Agata di Militello borders the following municipalities: Acquedolci, Militello Rosmarino, San Fratello, Torrenova.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cottle County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cottle County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Cottle County, Texas. There is one district listed on the National Register in the county. The district includes one property that is both a State Antiquities Landmark and a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Cottle County, Texas
Cottle County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,380. Its county seat is Paducah. The county was founded in 1876 and later organized in 1892. It is named for George Washington Cottle, who died defending the Alamo. Cottle County was formerly one of 46 prohibition or entirely dry counties in Texas. It now allows beer and wine sales.

The Matador Ranch, based in neighboring Motley County, once reached into Cottle County.
J. I. M. Stewart
John Innes Mackintosh Stewart (30 September 1906 – 12 November 1994) was a Scottish novelist and academic. He is equally well known for the works of literary criticism and contemporary novels published under his real name and for the crime fiction published under the pseudonym of Michael Innes.

Thomas Love Peacock
Thomas Love Peacock (18 October 1785 – 23 January 1866) was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. He was a close friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and they influenced each other's work. Peacock wrote satirical novels, each with the same basic setting: characters at a table discussing and criticising the philosophical opinions of the day.
Insect collecting
Insect collecting refers to the collection of insects and other arthropods for scientific study or as a hobby. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, so entomologists often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections are preserved in natural history museums or universities where they are maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.

Historically, insect collecting has been widespread and was in the Victorian age a very popular educational hobby. Insect collecting has left traces in European cultural history, literature and songs, e.g., Georges Brassens's La chasse aux papillons (The Hunt for Butterflies). The practice is particularly common among Japanese youths.

Killing jar
A killing jar or killing bottle is a device used by entomologists to kill captured insects quickly and with minimum damage. The jar typically contains gypsum plaster (plaster of paris) on the bottom to absorb a killing fluid. The killing fluid evaporates into the air and gasses the insect. Typically only adult hard bodied insects are killed in a killing jar; other insects require different methods of killing.