hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Muslim Community of Albania
The Muslim Community of Albania (KMSH; Albanian: Komuniteti Mysliman i Shqipërisë) is an independent religious organisation of Muslims in Albania existing since February 24, 1923. The headquarters of the community are located in Tirana and the current Grand Mufti (Albanian: Kryemyftiu) is Bujar Spahiu.

Islamic Community of Kosovo
The Islamic Community of Kosovo (ICK; Albanian: Bashkësia Islame e Kosovës), is an independent religious organization of Muslims in Kosovo and the Preševo Valley. The community's headquarters are located in Pristina and their current leader, the Grand Mufti (Albanian: Kryemyftiu), is Naim Tërnava.
Mouse (set theory)
In set theory, a mouse is a small model of (a fragment of) Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with desirable properties. The exact definition depends on the context. In most cases, there is a technical definition of "premouse" and an added condition of iterability (referring to the existence of wellfounded iterated ultrapowers): a mouse is then an iterable premouse. The notion of mouse generalizes the concept of a level of Gödel's constructible hierarchy while being able to incorporate large cardinals.

Mice are important ingredients of the construction of core models. The concept was isolated by Ronald Jensen in the 1970s and has been used since then in core model constructions of many authors.

Generally, a mouse exists iff  existsp. 661, although some conventions treat any level of the constructible hierarchy as a passive mouse; its iterated ultrapowers are vacuously well-founded because there are no extenders on its sequence with which to take an ultrapower.

Core model
In set theory, the core model is a definable inner model of the universe of all sets. Even though set theorists refer to "the core model", it is not a uniquely identified mathematical object. Rather, it is a class of inner models that under the right set-theoretic assumptions have very special properties, most notably covering properties. Intuitively, the core model is "the largest canonical inner model there is", (here "canonical" is an undefined term)p. 28 and is typically associated with a large cardinal notion. If Φ is a large cardinal notion, then the phrase "core model below Φ" refers to the definable inner model that exhibits the special properties under the assumption that there does not exist a cardinal satisfying Φ. The core model program seeks to analyze large cardinal axioms by determining the core models below them.
Tegh
Tegh (Armenian: Տեղ) is a village and the center of the Tegh Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia.

Of significance in the village, are the dozens of visible caves present near Tegh. The village is underlaid by a soft stone layer of porous rock, replete with rows of caves that were once used for human habitation, now largely used for animals. There are also some very large ones facing highway M12. Rows of them are visible from the highway while driving east.

The surrounding areas of the village are currently being occupied by Azerbaijan as of 31 March 2022.

Tegh Municipality
Tegh Municipality, referred to as Tegh Community (Armenian: Տեղ Համայնք Tegh Hamaynk), is a rural community and administrative subdivision of Syunik Province of Armenia, at the south of the country. Consisted of a group of settlements, its administrative centre is the village of Tegh.
Quantum optics
Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum chemistry that studies the behavior of photons (individual quanta of light). It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons and their interaction with, for instance, atoms and molecules. Photons have been used to test many of the counter-intuitive predictions of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement and teleportation, and are a useful resource for quantum information processing.

Leonard Mandel
Leonard Mandel (May 9, 1927 – February 9, 2001) was an American physicist who contributed to the development of theoretical and experimental modern optics and is widely considered one of the founding fathers of the field of quantum optics. With Emil Wolf he published the highly regarded book Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics.
Pengiran Anak Siti Saerah
Pengiran Anak Siti Saerah (1928 – 4 November 2013), also referred to as Balabab Besar, was the eldest child and daughter of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin and Kadayang Amas. Additionally, she was the eldest granddaughter of Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II and Raja Isteri Fatimah, and first cousin to the current Brunei's Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.

Ahmad Tajuddin
Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien (22 August 1912 – 4 June 1950) was the 27th Sultan of Brunei from 1924 until his death in 1950. He was succeeded by his younger brother Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III.

Ahmad Tajuddin has been disregarded by Malcolm MacDonald and frequently ignored and mishandled by others like his Gerard MacBryan. He advocated for the Sultanate to have more financial and political autonomy in a way that was innovative for his day. This, along with his support for a new political confederation governed by the Sultanate over northern Borneo, foreshadowed much of the political process that started in the late 1950s and culminated in January 1984 with the official declaration of Brunei's independence from Britain.
Presidency of Migration Management
Presidency of Migration Management (PMM) (Turkish: Göç İdaresi Başkanlığı) is the administrative, legislate and operational central-governmental authority responsible for overall migration and international protection affairs in Turkey. It is tasked with coordination of international labor, education, health, social policy and security. It cooperates very closely with relevant governmental institutions in diverse areas of migration.

The institution was established during Turkey's migrant crisis under the Ministry of the Interior. The preparations for the establishment began in 2008 as part of initiatives aimed at creating a civilian migration bureaucracy.

Ministry of Interior (Turkey)
The Ministry of Interior or Ministry of the Interior or Interior Ministry (Turkish: İçişleri Bakanlığı lit. Ministry of Internal Affairs) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for interior security affairs in Turkey.

As of 10 February 2026, the current Minister of the Interior is Mustafa Çiftçi.
Opisthodontia (reptile)
Opisthodontia is a proposed clade of sphenodontian reptiles, uniting Opisthias from the Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous of Europe and North America with the Eilenodontinae, a group of herbivorous sphenodontians known from the Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous.

Clevosaurus
Clevosaurus (meaning "Gloucester lizard") is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Triassic and the Early Jurassic periods. Species of Clevosaurus were widespread across Pangaea, and have been found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Five species of Clevosaurus have been found in ancient fissure fill deposits in south-west England and Wales, alongside other sphenodontians, early mammals and dinosaurs. In regards to its Pangaean distribution, C. hadroprodon is the oldest record of a sphenodontian from Gondwana, though its affinity to Clevosaurus has been questioned.
Headless men
Various species of mythical headless men were rumoured, in antiquity and later, to inhabit remote parts of the world. They are variously known as akephaloi (Greek ἀκέφαλοι 'headless ones') or Blemmyes (Latin: Blemmyae; Greek: βλέμμυες) and described as lacking a head, with their facial features on their chest. These were at first described as inhabitants of ancient Libya or the Nile system (Aethiopia). Later traditions confined their habitat to a particular island in the Brisone River, or shifted it to India.

Blemmyes are said to occur in two types: with eyes on the chest or with the eyes on the shoulders.

Xingtian
Xingtian (Chinese: 刑天; pinyin: Xíngtiān; lit. 'Punishing Heaven', also Hsing T'ien) is a Chinese deity who fights against the Supreme Divinity, not giving up even after he was decapitated. Losing the fight for supremacy, he was beheaded and his head buried in Changyang Mountain. Nevertheless, headless, with a shield in one hand and a battle axe in the other, he continues the fight, using his nipples as eyes and his belly button as a mouth.
Robert de Gretham
Robert de Gretham, alternatively Robert de Greetham, (fl. 13th century) was an Anglo-Norman literary person and cleric. He was noted for the book Etude sur le Miroir ou les Evangiles des domnees.

Etude was written for a Lady Elena of Quency. However, de Grethammay have been aiming at a broader audience by using a amasculine plural. The work was intended to act as a "Looking Glass for the Soul", hence the title.

De Gretham may have also written Corset, a book on popular theology. It was dedicated to someone named Alain and Alain's wife.

Anglo-Norman literature
Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language and developed during the period of 1066–1204, as the Duchy of Normandy and the Kingdom of England were united in the Anglo-Norman realm.
Slivovitz
Slivovitz is a fruit spirit (or fruit brandy) made from damson plums, often referred to as plum spirit (or plum brandy). Slivovitz is produced in Central and Southeastern Europe, both commercially and privately. Primary producers include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. In the Balkans, slivovitz is considered a kind of rakia. In Hungary it is considered a kind of pálinka, but in Romania and Moldova it is considered pălincă, similar to țuică. In the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Galicia, and Carpathian-Ruthenia it is considered pálenka. UNESCO put it in a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2022 on request of the country of geographic origin Serbia.

Fruit brandy
Fruit brandy (or fruit spirit) is a distilled beverage produced from mash, juice, wine or residues of edible fruits. The term covers a broad class of spirits produced across the world, and typically excludes beverages made from grapes, which are referred to as plain brandy (when made from distillation from wine) or pomace brandy (when made directly from grape pomace). Apples, pears, apricots, plums and cherries are the most commonly used fruits.
Jim Shooter
James Charles Shooter (September 27, 1951 – June 30, 2025) was an American writer, editor and publisher in the comics industry. Beginning his career writing for DC Comics at the age of 14, he had a successful but controversial run as editor-in-chief at Marvel Comics, and launched comics publishers Valiant, Defiant, and Broadway.

Solar (comics)
Solar is an American comic book superhero created by writer Paul S. Newman, editor Matt Murphy, and artist Bob Fujitani. The character first appeared in Doctor Solar, Man of the Atom #1 in 1962 by Gold Key Comics and has since appeared in other incarnations in books published by Valiant Comics in the 1990s, Dark Horse Comics in the 2000s, and Dynamite Entertainment in the 2010s.
Woody Lake (Saskatchewan)
Woody Lake is a lake in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located in the east-central part of the province in the Porcupine Hills and Porcupine Provincial Forest. The entire lake is in the Woody River Block of Porcupine Hills Provincial Park. Highway 980 provides access to the lake.

Woody Lake is the source of Woody River. The lake's outflow is controlled by the 2.6-metre (8 ft 6 in) Woody Lake Weir. The weir was built in 1978 and then upgraded in 1998. It is owned and operated by the Saskatchewan Water Security Agency. Woody River is a river that flows south then east into neighbouring Manitoba and Swan Lake. The main inflow for Woody Lake is a short River that flows south from Elbow Lake, which is fed by Midnight Creek. On the western end of Woody Lake, another short river flows into it from neighbouring Townsend Lake.

Woody River
Woody River is a river in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The river's source is in the Porcupine Hills and Porcupine Provincial Forest of eastern Saskatchewan. From there it flows south through boreal forest and then east through Boreal Plains in the Parkland Region of Manitoba en route to Swan Lake. The river parallels the Swan River for much of its route as it travels through Swan River Valley between Duck Mountain and Porcupine Hills of the Manitoba Escarpment. Bowsman is the only notable community along the course of Woody River. Several highways cross it, including Saskatchewan's Highway 980, Manitoba's Roads 588, 366, 268, and Manitoba's Highway 10.
Country Pure Foods
Country Pure Foods is an American manufacturer of fruit drinks, juices, and plant-based beverages for retail food purveyors and foodservice operators. It also provides food manufacturers with fruit ingredients. The company's brand names include Ardmore Farms, SideKicks, VBlends, Fun!, VitaMost, and Glacier Valley. Country Pure Foods is owned by Blue Point Capital Partners, LLC, a private equity investor based in Cleveland, Ohio.

Country Pure is headquartered in Akron, Ohio and operates juice plants in Ellington, Connecticut, Deland, Florida, Howey-in-the-Hills, Florida, Houston, Texas, and Akron, Ohio.

Ellington, Connecticut
Ellington is a town in Tolland County, Connecticut, United States. Ellington was incorporated in May 1786, from East Windsor. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, the town population was 16,426.
Premamayi
Premamayi (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1966 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by M. R. Vittal and produced by Srikanth Nahatha and Srikanth Patel. The film stars Rajkumar, K. S. Ashwath, Leelavathi and Jayanthi. The film has musical score by R. Sudarshanam. This is the only movie where Leelavathi played the role of Rajkumar's sister-in-law. The movie is an official adaptation of the National Award winning 1964 Malayalam movie Kudumbini.

This was singer K. J. Yesudas's second movie which had Rajkumar in the lead role - the  first one being Ondaguva Mundaguva from Chandavalliya Thota (1964) which however was not picturized on Rajkumar. Thus, this became the only movie where Rajkumar lip synced to Yesudas' voice who sang two songs in the movie - Too Too Too Bedappa and Henne Ninna Kannanota. The movie is also noticeable for not having any songs by P.B. Sreenivas.

Leelavathi (actress)
Leena Sequeira  (1937 – 8 December 2023), known mononymously as Leelavathi, was an Indian actress, producer who worked predominantly in Kannada and Tamil films, in addition to few Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, and Tulu films. After having her stint at the theatre, Leelavathi made her film debut in a small role as child artist in Nagakannika (1949). She went on to act in more than 600 films (more than 400 in Kannada alone) throughout her career spanning over five decades.

Leelavathi is known for many memorable performances as a lead actress in films such as Rani Honnamma, Bhakta Kumbara, Valar Pirai, Mana Mecchida Madadi and Santha Thukaram. In early 1970s, she switched towards performing character roles and was notable in films such as Gejje Pooje, Upasane, Naagarahaavu, Vasantha Geetha, Shravana Banthu and Eradu Nakshatragalu. She was the recipient of the Dr. Rajkumar Award in 1999 and Filmfare Awards.
KITI (AM)
KITI (1420 AM) is a radio station broadcasting in an oldies format. Licensed to Centralia, Washington, United States, it serves the Centralia-Chehalis area in western Washington. KITI airs news from ABC News Radio on the top of each hour.

Centralia, Washington
Centralia (/sɛnˈtreɪliə/) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Chehalis, located to the south near the confluence of the Chehalis and Newaukum rivers.
Casalmorano
Casalmorano (Soresinese: Casalmuràn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Casalmorano borders the following municipalities: Annicco, Azzanello, Casalbuttano ed Uniti, Castelvisconti, Genivolta, Paderno Ponchielli, Soresina.

Castelvisconti
Castelvisconti (Soresinese: Castelviscùunt) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Castelvisconti borders the following municipalities: Azzanello, Bordolano, Borgo San Giacomo, Casalbuttano ed Uniti, Casalmorano, Quinzano d'Oglio.
Border guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.

State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (abbr.  SBGSU; Ukrainian: Державна Прикордонна Служба України, romanized: Derzhavna Prykordonna Sluzhba Ukrainy, pronounced [derˈʒɑu̯nɐ prɪkorˈdɔnːɐ ˈsluʒbɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ]; abbr. ДПСУ, DPSU) is the border guard of Ukraine. It is an independent law enforcement agency, organized by the Constitution of Ukraine as a military formation, the head of which is subordinated to the President of Ukraine.

The Service was created on July 31, 2003, after the reorganization of the State Committee for Protection of the State Border. During wartime, units of the State Border Guard Service fall under the command of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The State Border Guard Service includes the Ukrainian Sea Guard, which is the country's coast guard. It is also responsible for running Temporary Detention Centres, in which refugees are held.
Pavel Korchagin (film)
Pavel Korchagin (Russian: Павел Корчагин) is a 1956 Soviet drama film directed by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov, based on the novel How the Steel Was Tempered.

The film tells about the Red Army soldier Pavel Korchagin and his comrades fighting for a just cause.

How the Steel Was Tempered
How the Steel Was Tempered (Russian: Как закалялась сталь, romanized: Kak zakalyalas stal) or The Making of a Hero, is a socialist realist novel written by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904–1936). With 36.4 million copies sold, it is one of the best-selling books of all time and the best-selling book in the Russian language.
Tomislav Žigmanov
Tomislav Žigmanov (Serbian Cyrillic: Томислав Жигманов; born 12 April 1967) is a Serbian author, community leader, and politician from the country's Croat community. He has led the Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina (DSHV) since 2015 and was Serbia's minister of human and minority rights and social dialogue from 2022 to 2025.

Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina
The Democratic Alliance of Croats in Vojvodina (Croatian: Demokratski savez Hrvata u Vojvodini, abbrev. DSHV; Serbian: Демократски савез Хрвата у Војводини) is a political party in Serbia, representing the Croat ethnic minority.
Pednathise Head
Pednathise Head is a skerry that is the southernmost point of England, the United Kingdom, and the British Isles if the Channel Islands are excluded. It is part of the Western Rocks group of the Isles of Scilly, southwest of Cornwall.

Cornwall portal

Extreme points of the United Kingdom
This is a list of the extreme points of the United Kingdom: the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. Traditionally the extent of the island of Great Britain has stretched "from Land's End to John o' Groats" (that is, from the extreme southwest of mainland England to the far northeast of mainland Scotland).

This article does not include references to the Channel Islands because they are Crown dependencies, not constituent parts of the United Kingdom.
Warrego Valles
The Warrego Valles are a set of channels in an ancient river valley in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars, located at 42.2° south latitude and 93° west longitude. They are 188 km long and were named after a river in Australia.

Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter images showed a network of branching valleys in Thaumasia called the Warrego Valles. These networks are evidence that Mars may have once been warmer, wetter, and perhaps had precipitation in the form of rain or snow.  At first glance they resemble river valleys on Earth.  But sharper images from more advanced cameras reveal that the valleys are not continuous.    They are very old and may have been eroded.  A picture below shows some of these branching valleys.  A study with the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) support the idea that the Warrego Valles were formed from precipitation.

Thaumasia quadrangle
The Thaumasia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Thaumasia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-25 (Mars Chart-25).
The name comes from Thaumas, Greek god of the clouds and celestial apparitions.

The Thaumasia quadrangle covers the area from 60° to 120° west longitude and 30° to 65° south latitude on Mars.  The Thaumasia quadrangle contains many different regions or parts of many regions: Solis Planum, Icaria Planum, Aonia Terra, Aonia Planum, Bosporus Planum, and Thaumasia Planum. One of the first major networks of stream channels, called Warrego Valles, were discovered here by early orbiters.  Another sign of water is the presence of gullies carved into steep slopes.
Boxford, Berkshire
Boxford is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of West Berkshire, England. The village is on the east bank of the River Lambourn, about 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Newbury but south of the M4 motorway. The hamlet of Westbrook is on the opposite bank of the Berkshire Downs tributary.

River Lambourn
The River Lambourn is a chalk stream in the English county of Berkshire. It rises in the Berkshire Downs near its namesake village of Lambourn and is a tributary of the River Kennet, which is itself a tributary of the River Thames.

The river is a 28.9-hectare (71-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.
Submucosa
The submucosa (or tela submucosa) is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that supports the mucosa (mucous membrane) and joins it to the muscular layer, the bulk of overlying smooth muscle (fibers running circularly within layer of longitudinal muscle).

The submucosa (sub- + mucosa) is to a mucous membrane what the subserosa (sub- + serosa) is to a serous membrane.

Subserosa
The  subserosa or tela subserosa, is a thin layer of tissue in the walls of various organs. It is a layer of connective tissue (usually of the areolar type) between the muscular layer (muscularis externa) and the serosa (serous membrane).

The subserosa has clinical importance particularly in cancer staging (for example, in staging stomach cancer or uterine cancer).

The subserosa (sub- + serosa) is to a serous membrane what the submucosa (sub- + mucosa) is to a mucous membrane.