hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Appenzell Wars
The Appenzell Wars (German: Appenzeller Kriege) were a series of conflicts that lasted from 1401 until 1429 in the Appenzell region of modern-day Switzerland.  The wars consisted of uprisings of cooperative groups, such as the farmers of Appenzell or the craftsmen of the city of St. Gallen, against the traditional medieval power structure represented by the House of Habsburg and the Prince-Abbot of the Abbey of St. Gall.

The conflict was one of a number of popular revolts in late-medieval Europe. It resulted in greater autonomy for Appenzell and its association with the Old Swiss Confederacy, of which it would become a member (canton) in 1513.

St. Gallen
St. Gallen is a Swiss city and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen. It evolved from the hermitage of Saint Gall, founded in the 7th century. Today, it is a large urban agglomeration (with around 167,000 inhabitants in 2019) and represents the center of eastern Switzerland. Its economy consists mainly of the service sector. The city is home to the University of St. Gallen, one of the best business schools in Europe.

The main tourist attraction is the Abbey of Saint Gall, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Abbey's renowned library contains books from the 9th century. The official language of St. Gallen is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of Alemannic Swiss German. The city has good transport links to the rest of the country and to neighbouring Germany and Austria. It also functions as the gate to the Appenzellerland.
Herman Chin Loy
Herman Chin Loy (born 11 July 1948 in Trelawny, Jamaica) is a Jamaican record producer, best known for his productions from the late 1960s and early 1970s of artists such as Augustus Pablo, Dennis Brown, Alton Ellis and Bruce Ruffin, and for the Aquarius and Scorpio record labels that he ran. He is a Chinese Jamaican.

Augustus Pablo
Horace Michael Swaby (21 June 1953 – 18 May 1999), also known as Augustus Pablo, was a Jamaican roots reggae and dub composer, performer, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He was active from the 1970s until his death. He was known for playing the melodica.
Joaquín Pardavé
Joaquín Pardavé Arce (30 September 1900 – 20 July 1955) was a Mexican film actor, director, songwriter and screenwriter of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. He was best known for starring and directing various comedy films during the 1940s. In some of them, Pardavé paired with one of Mexico's most famous actresses, Sara García. The films in which they starred are El baisano Jalil, El barchante Neguib, El ropavejero, and La familia Pérez. These actors had on-screen chemistry together, and are both noted for playing a wide variety of comic characters from Lebanese foreigners to middle-class Mexicans.

El barchante Neguib
El barchante Neguib is a 1946 Mexican film. It stars Joaquín Pardavé as "Neguib" and Sara García as "Sara".

The film revolves around a Lebanese Mexican family that heads to Mexico City to visit their son, Alfredo (Jorge Ancira). The son, shameful of their family's Arab origin, does not welcome them into his home. Therefore, the father Neguib (Joaquín Pardavé) sets up a clothing store in a market, competing with their neighbor Regina (Dolores Camarillo), whom he incidentally calls "Rajona" (Spanish for someone who gives up easily). The family also consists of the wife Sara (Sara García), daughters Natalia (Olga Jiménez) and Rebeca (Marina Herrera "Marilú"), and the family's rural manservant Piloncillo (Fernando Soto), also known to the family as "Baloncillo".
Almindingen
Almindingen ("the common") is one of the largest forests in Denmark.  It is located in the centre of the island of Bornholm. The forest covers 3,800 hectares (9,400 acres), making it Denmark's third largest. Though it was at one time common grazing land for cattle, it was fenced in for forestry in 1809 by Hans Rømer, the forest supervisor. As a result, by the beginning of the 20th century, Bornholm had become Denmark's most forested region.

Bornholm's highest point is Rytterknægten at 162 metres (531 ft), where there is a memorial to Frederick VII of Denmark and Countess Danner's visit to the island in 1851. In 2012, the Nature Agency brought seven European bison from a Polish primeval forest to a 200 acres (81 ha) paddock in Almindingen, marking the first time in 2,500 years that Europe's heaviest land-living mammals were in Denmark. There are a number of walking paths through Almindingen such as the ones leading to Ekkodal and Gamleborg.

Gamleborg
Gamleborg, also known as Gamleborg Viking Fortress, was the first fortification on the Danish island of Bornholm. Built around 750 AD, it was the seat of the kings of Bornholm during the Viking age (750–1050) and early Middle Ages (1050–1150).  The massive fortress is 264 metres (866 ft) long from north to south and 110 metres (360 ft) wide from east to west, with gates to the north and southwest. Around 1100, significant alterations were made and it was reinforced, but it was abandoned soon afterwards in favour of the fortification of Lilleborg, roughly 700 metres (2,300 ft) to the northeast.
Eric Carmen
Eric Howard Carmen (August 11, 1949 – March 10, 2024) was an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was the lead vocalist of the Raspberries, with whom he recorded the hit "Go All the Way" and four albums. He embarked on a solo career in 1975 and had global success with "All by Myself", "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again", "She Did It", "Hungry Eyes", and "Make Me Lose Control". In later years, he toured with Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band before reforming the Raspberries in 2004.

All by Myself
"All by Myself" is a song by American singer-songwriter Eric Carmen, released by Arista Records in December 1975 as the first single from Carmen's self-titled debut album. The verse is based on the second movement (Adagio sostenuto) of Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff's 1900–01 Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Opus 18. The chorus was taken from the song "Let's Pretend", which Carmen had written and recorded with his band the Raspberries in 1972. The slide guitar solo was performed by studio guitarist Hugh McCracken. The song reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Carmen's biggest hit on the pop chart.
Up Close (Eric Johnson album)
Up Close is Eric Johnson's sixth studio album, released on December 7, 2010. It is Johnson's first studio release since his 2005 album Bloom. The album features guest appearances by Malford Milligan, Sonny Landreth, Steve Miller, Jimmie Vaughan, and Jonny Lang.

Eric Johnson (guitarist)
Eric Johnson (born August 17, 1954) is an American guitarist, vocalist and composer. His 1990 album Ah Via Musicom was certified platinum by the RIAA, and the single "Cliffs of Dover" won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.

Best known for his electric guitar skills, Johnson is also a highly proficient player of acoustic, lap steel, and resonator guitar, as well as an accomplished bassist, pianist, and vocalist. He plays many musical genres, including rock, blues, jazz fusion, soul, folk, new-age, classical, and country. Keyboard called him "one of the most respected guitarists on the planet" in 2006.
Statues (Hüsker Dü song)
"Statues" is a song by Hüsker Dü released as a single in 1981.  It was the band's first single, b/w the song "Amusement". This release finds the band in a period where its music was drifting from punk to post-punk. Forty years after its release, Briony Edwards of Louder wrote, "Though it shows an interest in experimentation that would follow the band through each stage of their career, the ... Krautrock inspired, Keith Levene-esque guitar is far removed from the boisterous hardcore that followed in its wake." The single's pressing was limited to 2,000 copies. The two tracks appear on the Everything Falls Apart and More CD.

In 2013, the Numero Group reissued the single with the studio outtakes "Writer's Cramp" and "Let's Go Die" as a 7-inch pairing in a gatefold jacket. The studio recordings are remastered from a first-generation sub-master, while "Amusement" is from the original live board tape.

Amusement (song)
"Amusement" is a song by Hüsker Dü released as a single in 1981. It was the band's first single, b/w the song "Statues." This release finds the band in a period where its music was drifting from punk to post-punk. The single's pressing was limited to 2,000 copies upon its release. The two tracks appear on the Everything Falls Apart and More CD.

In 2013, the Numero Group reissued the single with the studio outtakes "Writer's Cramp" and "Let's Go Die" as a 7" pairing in a gatefold jacket. The studio recordings are remastered from a first-generation sub-master, while "Amusement" is from the original live board tape. The cover features drummer Grant Hart's original Fake Name Graphx artwork.
Zari Khoshkam
Zari Khoshkam (Persian: زری خوشکام; 30 December 1947 – 16 May 2024), also known as Zahra Hatami (Persian: زهرا حاتمی) in film circles, was an Iranian actress. She was the wife of filmmaker Ali Hatami and the mother of actress Leila Hatami.

Most of her film activities go back to the first two years of her career in cinema in 1971 and 1972. In these years, although she acted in films such as Adamak (آدمک) by Khosrow Haritash, Topoli (تپلی) by Reza Mirlohi and Khastegar (خواستگار) by Ali Hatami; however, in general, according to the conditions of Iranian cinema, it represented a special character (a seductive woman). Her film character changed after her marriage to Hatami, and after that she was not seen in cinema quite as often. In the years after the Revolution, she appeared under the name of Zahra Hatami in only a few works that were somehow related to her husband and family.

Topoli (film)
Topoli (in Persian: تپلی, literally: The Fatty) is a 1972 Iranian film directed by Reza Mirlohi. Morteza Aghili and Homayun play the main characters of the film. The script is based on the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. The film is dedicated to John Steinbeck. The character of Topoli is loosely based on Lennie Small of Of Mice and Men as Essi is the Iranian version of George Milton in the novel.
High Time (film)
High Time is a 1960 American comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and starring Bing Crosby, Fabian, Tuesday Weld, and Nicole Maurey. The film is told from the perspective of middle-aged man Harvey Howard who enters the world of a new generation of postwar youth.

In the years since its release, High Time has come to be viewed as a comedic study of the slowly emerging generation gap between the music and mores of an older generation and postwar youth, as well as an inadvertent time capsule of American adolescents and lifestyles in 1960. The film's song "The Second Time Around" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Tuesday Weld
Tuesday Weld (born Susan Ker Weld; August 27, 1943) is an American retired actress. She began acting as a child and progressed to mature roles in the late 1950s. She won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Female Newcomer in 1960. Over the following decade, she established a career playing dramatic roles in films.

Weld often portrayed impulsive and reckless women and was nominated for a Golden Globe for Play It as It Lays (1972), an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), an Emmy Award for The Winter of Our Discontent (1983), and a BAFTA for Once Upon a Time in America (1984). After the 1980s her acting appearances became infrequent, and her last role was in 2001's Chelsea Walls.
West Wall Medal
The West Wall Medal (German: Deutsches Schutzwall-Ehrenzeichen) was a decoration of Nazi Germany. It was instituted on 2 August 1939 and was given to those who designed and built the fortifications on Germany's western borders, known as the Westwall or, in English, the Siegfried Line, between 15 June 1938 to 31 March 1939. On 13 November 1939 eligibility was extended to include servicemen of the Wehrmacht who served on the Westwall for at least ten weeks. In all 622,064 medals were awarded until 31 January 1941, when awards of the medal ceased.

In 1944, after the allied invasion, the medal was re-instituted and awarded to those who renovated and strengthened the fortifications on the western borders. This version of the medal was commonly known as the "Defence Wall Honor Award", to distinguish the decoration from its 1939 counterpart.

It was awarded to over 800,000 men in total by the end of the war.

Siegfried Line
The Siegfried Line, known in German as the Westwall ([ˈvɛstˌval], 'western rampart'), was a German defensive line built during the late 1930s. Started in 1936, opposite the French Maginot Line, it stretched more than 630 km (390 mi) from Kleve on the border with the Netherlands, along the western border of Nazi Germany, to the town of Weil am Rhein on the border with Switzerland. The line featured more than 18,000 bunkers, tunnels and tank traps.

From September 1944 to March 1945, the Siegfried Line was subjected to a large-scale Allied offensive.
Hà Giang province
Hà Giang (Vietnamese pronunciation: [haː2 zaːŋ1], listenⓘ) was a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. It was located in the far north of the country, and contains Vietnam's northernmost point. It shared a 270 km long border with Yunnan province of southern China, and thus was known as Vietnam's final frontier.  It covered an area of 7,927.55 km2 (3,060.84 mi2), comprising 1 city and 10 rural districts, with a population of 899,900 in 2023.

The provincial capital, also called Hà Giang, was connected by Highway 2 and is 320 km away from Hanoi. The border crossing was at Thanh Thủy, 25 km from the provincial capital. It was one of the poorest provinces of Vietnam as it had mountainous topography with the least potential for agricultural development.

In addition to Thanh Thủy, there were three smaller gates, namely the Phó Bảng, Xín Mần and Săm Pun.

On 12 June 2025, Hà Giang province was incorporated into Tuyên Quang province.

Bắc Quang district
Bắc Quang is a rural district of Hà Giang province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. As of 2019, the district had a population of 118,690. The district covers an area of 1,084 km2 (419 sq mi). The district capital lies at Vĩnh Tuy.
Melvyn Escueta
Melvyn Danguilan Escueta (January 26, 1945 - May 8, 1999) was a Filipino-American playwright who is best known as the author of the play Honey Bucket. He was among the founders of the Asian American Theater Company, a non-profit theatre performance company based in San Francisco.

Asian American Theater Company
The Asian American Theater Company (AATC) is a non-profit theatre performance company based in San Francisco. Its stated mission is "To connect people to Asian American culture through Theatre". The company's main stage productions are new plays and revivals of classics by Asian Pacific Islander American playwrights, directed, performed, and designed by local talent. Most scripts are developed at AATC and each are presented at various venues around the Bay Area with full-production runs.
Fox hunting
Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, normally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds. A group of unarmed followers, led by a "master of foxhounds" (or "master of hounds"), follow the hounds on foot or on horseback.

Fox hunting with hounds, as a formalised activity, originated in England in the sixteenth century, in a form very similar to that practised until February 2005, when a law banning the activity in England and Wales came into force. A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002, but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other jurisdictions, including Australia, Canada, France, Ireland and the United States.

The sport is controversial, particularly in the United Kingdom. Proponents of fox hunting view it as an important part of rural culture and useful for reasons of conservation and pest control, while opponents argue it is cruel and unnecessary.

Hunting Act 2004
The Hunting Act 2004 (c. 37) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which bans the hunting of most wild mammals (notably foxes, deer, hares and mink) with dogs in England and Wales, subject to some strictly limited exemptions; the Act does not cover the use of dogs in the process of flushing out an unidentified wild mammal, nor does it affect drag hunting, where hounds are trained to follow an artificial scent.

The Act came into force on 18 February 2005. The pursuit of foxes with hounds, other than to flush out to be shot, had been banned in Scotland two years earlier by the Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002. Such hunting remains permitted by the law in Northern Ireland, where the Act does not apply.
Roger Avary
Roger Roberts Avary (born August 23, 1965) is a Canadian-American film director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for his work with Quentin Tarantino on the script for Pulp Fiction (1994), for which they won Best Original Screenplay at the 67th Academy Awards. Avary has also directed films such as Killing Zoe (1993) and The Rules of Attraction (2002), and wrote the screenplays for Silent Hill (2006) and Beowulf (2007).

In 2022, Avary reunited with Tarantino to launch a podcast called The Video Archives Podcast. The first episode premiered on July 19, 2022.

Killing Zoe
Killing Zoe is a 1993 crime film written and directed by Roger Avary and starring Eric Stoltz, Jean-Hugues Anglade and Julie Delpy. The story details a safe cracker named Zed who returns to France to aid an old friend in performing a doomed bank heist. Killing Zoe was labeled by Roger Ebert as "Generation X's first bank caper movie." In 2019, Avary directed the semi-sequel Lucky Day.
Alford, Lincolnshire
Alford is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, at the foot of the Lincolnshire Wolds, which form an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The population was recorded as 3,459 in the 2011 Census and estimated at 3,830 in 2021. It lies between the towns of Mablethorpe, Louth, Spilsby, and Skegness and acts as a local retail centre.

Mablethorpe
Mablethorpe is a seaside town in the civil parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population including nearby Sutton-on-Sea was 12,531 at the 2011 census and estimated at 12,633 in 2019.

The town was visited regularly by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, a 19th-century Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. Some town features have been named after him, such as Tennyson Road and the now closed Tennyson High School.
2020 People's National Party leadership election
The 2020 People's National Party (PNP) leadership election was triggered after Peter Phillips announced his intention to resign as Leader of the People's National Party following the party's defeat at the 2020 general election. It was held on November 7, 2020. If Hanna was elected, she would have served as the second female President of a Jamaican political party and the second female Leader of the Opposition in Jamaican history. The election was won by Former Minister of Justice and Member of Parliament for St Andrew Southern and  Attorney Mark Golding who secured 1,740 or 54.6% of the vote.

Mark Golding
Mark Jefferson Golding (born 19 July 1965) is a Jamaican politician, who has been Leader of the Opposition of Jamaica and President of the People's National Party (PNP) since 2020.

Previously an attorney-at-law and investment banker, Golding was a member of the Senate of Jamaica from 2007 to 2017 and served as Minister of Justice from 2012 to 2016 in the government of Portia Simpson-Miller. He was elected as Member of Parliament for South St Andrew in a by-election in 2017.

On 7 November 2020, Mark Golding was elected as the 6th president of the PNP after polling 1,740 delegate votes to defeat Lisa Hanna who polled 1,440 in an election that saw 96% voter turnout amongst delegates in the 2020 People's National Party leadership election.
Yasuzuka, Niigata
Yasuzuka (安塚町, Yasuzaka-machi) was a town located in Higashikubiki District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,521 and a density of 50.14 persons per km2. The total area was 70.23 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Yasuzuka, along with the villages of Maki, Ōshima and Uragawara (all from Higashikubiki District), the towns of Itakura, Kakizaki, Ōgata and Yoshikawa, the villages of Kiyosato, Kubiki, Nakagō and Sanwa (all from Nakakubiki District), and the town of Nadachi (from Nishikubiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Jōetsu.

Ōshima, Niigata
Ōshima (大島村, Ōshima-mura) was a village located in Higashikubiki District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,312 and a density of 32.27 persons per km2. The total area was 71.64 km2.

On January 1, 2005, Ōshima, along with the town of Yasuzuka, the villages of Maki and Uragawara (all from Higashikubiki District), the towns of Itakura, Kakizaki, Ōgata and Yoshikawa, the villages of Kiyosato, Kubiki, Nakagō and Sanwa (all from Nakakubiki District), and the town of Nadachi (from Nishikubiki District), was merged into the expanded city of Jōetsu.

Since the merger, the village has been Ōshima-ku (大島区), a subdivision of Jōetsu City.
Last Set: Live at the 1369 Jazz Club
Last Set: Live at the 1369 Jazz Club is an album by American jazz trumpeter Raphe Malik recorded in 1984 but not issued until 2004 by the Boxholder label. The live set adds tenor saxophonist Frank Wright as special guest to the regular trio of Malik, bassist William Parker and drummer Syd Smart.

Frank Wright (jazz musician)
Frank Wright (July 9, 1935 – May 17, 1990) was an American free jazz musician, known for his frantic style of playing the tenor saxophone. Critics often compare his music to that of Albert Ayler, although Wright "offers his honks and squawks with a phraseology derived from the slower, earthier funk of R&B and gospel music." According to AllMusic biographer Chris Kelsey, Wright "never recorded even a single record under his own name for a major label; he was 'underground' his entire career." In addition to tenor saxophone, Wright also played the soprano saxophone and bass clarinet.
Linda Coverdale
Linda Coverdale is a literary translator from French. She lives in Brooklyn, New York, and has a Ph.D in French Literature. She has translated into English more than 60 works by such authors as Roland Barthes, Emmanuel Carrère, Patrick Chamoiseau, Maryse Condé, Marie Darrieussecq, Jean Echenoz, Annie Ernaux, Sébastien Japrisot, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Philippe Labro, Yann Queffélec, Jorge Semprún, Lyonel Trouillot, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Jean Hartzfeld, Sylvain Tesson and Marguerite Duras.

Jean-Philippe Toussaint
Jean-Philippe Toussaint (29 November 1957, Brussels) is a Belgian novelist, photographer and filmmaker. His books have been translated into more than twenty languages and he has had his photographs displayed in Brussels and Japan. Toussaint won the Prix Médicis in 2005 for his novel Fuir (Running Away), the second volume of the « Cycle of Marie », a four-tome chronicle published over ten years and displaying the separation of Marie and her lover. His 2009 novel La Vérité sur Marie (The Truth about Marie), third volume of the cycle, won the Prix Décembre.