hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sawad
Sawad was the name used in early Islamic times (7th–12th centuries) for southern Iraq. It means "black land" or "arable land" and refers to the stark contrast between the alluvial plain of Mesopotamia and the Arabian Desert. Under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, it was an official political term for a province encompassing most of modern Iraq except for the Syrian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia in the north.

As a generic term in Arabic, sawād (سواد) was used to denote the irrigated and cultivated areas in any district. Unmodified, it always referred to southern Iraq, the sawād of Baghdad. It replaced the earlier and more narrow term Rādhān.

The term sawad eventually came to refer to the rural district around a particular city; thus, contemporary geographers made references to the Sawad of Baghdad, of Basra, of Kufa, of Wasit, of Samarra, or of Anbar. This usage was exclusive to Iraq.: 16

Rādhān
Rādhān (or al-Rādhān, Arabic: راذان) was a region in south central Mesopotamia (Iraq) in the early Middle Ages. It was an administrative district under the ʿAbbāsids and also a diocese of the Church of the East. It is also known to have had a Jewish population and was probably the country of origin of the Rādhānite merchants. The name, however, does not appear in any Hebrew texts.

The exact location of Rādhān is not certain, but it was not far from Baghdad. It may have been roughly the same as the area known since the later Middle Ages as the Sawād, a fertile territory southeast of Baghdad on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Other authorities place it north of Baghdad, still east of the Tigris or further south of Baghdad and west of the Tigris in the region of Maishan.

Cities that have been located in Rādhān include al-Madāʾin (ancient Seleucia-Ctesiphon), Dastagird, Baʿqūbā, Nahrwān, ʿUkbarā and Kilwādhā (now the eastern part of Baghdad).
The Arena League
The Arena League (The AL or TAL) is an indoor American football league in the United States. The league launched in 2024 with four teams playing six-on-six football, but expanded to six-teams and started playing regular 7-on-7 indoor football in its second season.

Arena Football One
Arena Football One (AF1) is a professional arena football league based in Nashville, Tennessee, that began play in 2025.  The league was founded by the eight teams who had survived the 2024 Arena Football League season. The eight founding teams, only six of which would survive to the league's first game, attempted to add expansion teams, none of which would survive to the league's first game, and brought in teams from other leagues.
Krazzy 4
Krazzy 4 is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language comedy thriller film directed by Jaideep Sen and produced by Rakesh Roshan. The film stars Juhi Chawla, Arshad Warsi, Irrfan Khan, Rajpal Yadav, and Suresh Menon in lead roles, while Shahrukh Khan and Hrithik Roshan appear in item numbers. The music of the film is by Rajesh Roshan. It is a loose remake of the 1989 American film The Dream Team and the 1991 Malayalam film Mookilla Rajyathu. The film was released on 11 April 2008 and was a moderate success at the box office.

Rajpal Yadav
Rajpal Naurang Yadav (born 16 March 1971) is an Indian actor and comedian. His breakthrough came in Ram Gopal Varma's Jungle (2000) with a negative role. Yadav has gained widespread recognition for his slapstick comic performances over the years and has been nominated for several awards such as Filmfare and Screen Awards.

Some of his most notable works include Ek Aur Ek Gyarah (2003), Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004), Waqt: The Race Against Time (2005), Phir Hera Pheri (2006), Partner (2007), Bhool Bhulaiyaa  (2007),  Bhoothnath, Krazzy 4 (both 2008), Krrish 3 (2013), Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2  (2022) and the Priyadarshan films such as  Hungama (2003), Garam Masala , Malamaal Weekly (both 2005), Chup Chup Ke, Bhagam Bhag (both 2006),

He has starred in leading roles and serious characters including Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon (2003), Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh (2005), Rama Rama Kya Hai Drama (2008), Kushti (2010) and Ardh (2022)
Kittson County, Minnesota
Kittson County is a county in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Minnesota along the Canada–US border, south of the Canadian province of Manitoba. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,207. Its county seat is Hallock.

Roseau County, Minnesota
Roseau County (/roʊˈzoʊ/) is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, along the Canada–U.S. border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,331. Its county seat is Roseau. Roseau County borders the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Part of the Red Lake Indian Reservation is in Roseau County.
2024 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2024 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2024 to elect the governor of New Hampshire. Incumbent Republican Gov. Chris Sununu did not seek election to a fifth term.

Primary elections took place on September 10, 2024. Republican former U.S. Senator Kelly Ayotte won the Republican nomination with 63% of the vote over former state senate president Chuck Morse, and Democratic former Manchester mayor Joyce Craig won the Democratic nomination with 48% of the vote over state executive councilor Cinde Warmington.

Ayotte won the general election, defeating Craig by a 9.34% margin. The election was the closest gubernatorial race for a U.S. state in the 2024 cycle. Along with neighboring Vermont, this race was one of two Republican-held governorships up for election in 2024 in a state Joe Biden won in the 2020 presidential election.

Cinde Warmington
Cinde Warmington (born December 7, 1957) is an American attorney, politician, and former lobbyist. As a Democrat, she served as a member of the Executive Council of New Hampshire from 2021 to 2025.

Prior to her election, Warmington worked in private practice as a healthcare attorney. She formerly worked as a lobbyist on behalf of defunct pharmaceutical company Purdue Pharma. Warmington ran for Governor of New Hampshire in the 2024 election, losing the Democratic primary to former Manchester mayor Joyce Craig. She is running again in the 2026 election, challenging incumbent Kelly Ayotte.
Erika Zafirova
Erika Rosenova Zafirova (Bulgarian: Ерика Росенова Зафирова; born 7 May 1999) is a Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2020 Olympic group all-around champion. She is the 2019 World group all-around bronze medalist and 5 balls silver medalist. She is the 2021 European 5 balls champion and 3 hoops + 4 clubs silver medalist. She won two silver medals and one bronze medal at the 2019 European Games.

Boryana Kaleyn
Boryana Nikolaeva Kaleyn (Bulgarian: Боряна Николаева Калейн; born 23 August 2000) is a Bulgarian retired individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2024 Paris Olympic all-around silver medalist. She is the 2023 European all-around champion, the 2024 European champion with hoop, the 2021 and 2022 European all-around silver medalist, and the 2022 European champion with ball, ribbon, and in the team competition. Kaleyn is also the 2023 World Team all-around champion and the 2022 World Cup Series all-around champion in Sofia and runner-up in Baku. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, finishing fifth in the all-around.

At the national level, she is a four-time Bulgarian National Champion (in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022), twice silver medalist (in 2018 and 2023) and once bronze medalist (in 2017).
Siemens Gamesa
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, S.A. was formed in 2017 in a merger of Siemens Wind Power division with Gamesa Corporación Tecnológica, S.A.; it is a Spanish-German wind engineering company based in Zamudio, Biscay, Spain. The company has two other main sites in Spain: one in Madrid and the other in Sarriguren. Other than its headquarters, its onshore business is primarily based in Spain, while the offshore business is based in Germany and Denmark. It is the world's second largest wind turbine manufacturer behind Vestas.

The company is notable for its SG 14.0-222 wind turbine, the largest variant based on the Siemens D7 platform, as well as being one of the largest wind turbines in the world. This turbine model is currently contracted to be installed in 14 projects globally, notably in Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States. Siemens Gamesa's main competition is the General Electric Haliade-X and the Vestas V236.

Senvion
Senvion S.A. (called  REpower Systems SE until 2014) was a German wind turbine manufacturer founded in 2001 in Germany,  majority owned by a private equity firm.
Senvion as REpower Systems, as it was initially called, was established in 2001 through the merger of German wind companies: HSW (Husumer Schiffswerft), the engineering consultancy Pro+Pro (a subsidery of Denker&Wulf and aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH), the wind turbine manufacturer BWU and Jacobs Energie; and since April 2015 Centerbridge Partners.  It was under the ownership of Suzlon, an India wind turbine manufacturer, from 2007 to 2015.

With equipment pricing under pressure due to auctions, Senvion filed for insolvency in German courts in early April 2019. Senvion sold its 9 GW European service fleet to Siemens Gamesa in October 2019. A Saudi Arabian company, Alfanar, acquired the Indian division of Senvion in 2021.
The Cheese and the Worms
The Cheese and the Worms (Italian: Il formaggio e i vermi) is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg, published in 1976. The book is a notable example of the history of mentalities, microhistory, and cultural history. It has been called "probably the most popular and widely read work of microhistory".

The study examines the unique religious beliefs and cosmogony of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, 25 kilometers north of Pordenone in modern northern Italy. He was from the peasant class, and not a learned aristocrat or man of letters; Ginzburg places him in the tradition of popular culture and pre-Christian naturalistic peasant religions. Due to his outspoken beliefs, he was declared a heresiarch (heretic) and burned at the stake during the Roman Inquisition.

Carlo Ginzburg
Carlo Ginzburg (Italian: [ˈkarlo ˈɡintsburɡ, - ˈɡin(d)zburɡ]; born 15 April 1939) is an Italian historian and a proponent of the field of microhistory. He is best known for The Cheese and the Worms (1976), which examined the beliefs of Italian heretic Menocchio from Friuli.

In 1966, he published The Night Battles, an examination of the benandanti visionary folk tradition found in 16th- and 17th-century Friuli.  He returned to looking at the visionary traditions of early modern Europe for his 1989 book Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath.
Trevett v. Weeden
Trevett v. Weeden (1786) was a Rhode Island Supreme Court decision finding state legislation regarding paper currency was violative of the state constitution.  The decision set precedent for Marbury v. Madison regarding judicial review.

Rhode Island Supreme Court
The Rhode Island Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. The Court consists of a Chief Justice and four Associate Justices, all selected by the Governor of Rhode Island from candidates vetted by the Judicial Nominating Commission. Each justice enjoys lifetime tenure and no mandatory retirement age, similar to Federal judges. Justices may be removed only if impeached for improper conduct by a vote of the Rhode Island House of Representatives and convicted by trial in the Rhode Island Senate.
Susan Hampshire
Susan Hampshire, Lady Kulukundis (born 12 May 1937) is an English actress. She is a three-time Emmy Award winner, winning for the television dramas, The Forsyte Saga in 1970, The First Churchills in 1971, and for Vanity Fair in 1973. Her film credits include During One Night (1961), The Long Shadow (1961), The Three Lives of Thomasina (1963), Night Must Fall (1964), Wonderful Life (1964), The Fighting Prince of Donegal (1966), The Trygon Factor (1966), The Violent Enemy (1967), Malpertuis (1971), Living Free (1972), Neither the Sea Nor the Sand (1972) and Bang! (1977).

She is also known for her other television roles, such as The Pallisers (1974), The Grand (1997–98), and as Molly MacDonald in the long running BBC One drama Monarch of the Glen (2000–2005).

The Three Lives of Thomasina
The Three Lives of Thomasina is a 1963 fantasy film directed by Don Chaffey about a cat's influence on a family. Patrick McGoohan and Susan Hampshire star alongside child actors Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber. Based on Paul Gallico's 1957 novel Thomasina, the Cat Who Thought She Was God, the film was shot in Inveraray, Argyll, Scotland, and Pinewood Studios, England, with a screenplay by Gallico and Robert Westerby.
Gale (singer)
Carolina Isabel Colón Juarbe (born May 16, 1993), better known by her stage name Gale (pronounced gah-leh; stylized as GALE), is a Puerto Rican singer, best known for her song "Levántate", which was selected as the official song of the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup in Spanish by the American Spanish-language broadcast television network Univision.

2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup
The 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup was the 14th edition of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial international men's soccer championship of the North, Central American and Caribbean region organized by CONCACAF, and 24th CONCACAF regional championship overall. The tournament was played between July 7–26, 2017 in the United States.

The United States won their sixth title with their 2–1 victory over Jamaica in the final.
The Place We Ran From
The Place We Ran From is the debut album by the alternative rock/alt country supergroup Tired Pony, released on July 5, 2010, through Polydor/Fiction in the United Kingdom and on July 28, 2010, in the United States by Mom and Pop. The album grew from what was initially a solo project for Snow Patrol songwriter Gary Lightbody which rapidly became a collaboration with members of Belle and Sebastian, R.E.M., and producer Jacknife Lee joining as well as contributions from actress and singer Zooey Deschanel, guitarist M. Ward, and Tom Smith of the indie rock group Editors. The tracks were recorded over the course of one week in January 2010, in Portland, Oregon. The album was recorded over the course of one week in January 2010 and charted in over a half dozen countries.

Jacknife Lee
Garret "Jacknife" Lee is an Irish music producer and mixer. He has worked with a variety of artists, including the Cars, U2, R.E.M., the Killers, Robbie Williams, Snow Patrol, Bloc Party, Two Door Cinema Club, AFI, the Hives, Weezer, One Direction, Silversun Pickups, Editors, Modest Mouse, Lonnie Holley and Taylor Swift.
Heinz-Wilhelm Eck
Heinz-Wilhelm Eck (27 March 1916 –  30 November 1945) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War who was tried, convicted, condemned and executed after the war for ordering his crew to shoot the survivors of a Greek merchantman sunk by U-852.

German submarine U-852
German submarine U-852 was a Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. The submarine, which was a special long-range version of the Type IX, had four bow and two stern torpedo tubes and a Focke-Achgelis Fa 330 Bachstelze cable-towed lookout gyroglider. She was laid down in Bremen and completed in June 1943. She was commanded by Kapitänleutnant Heinz-Wilhelm Eck, who led her through her sea trials and onto her first war patrol on 18 January 1944.

Eck and his officers were the only Kriegsmarine submariners to be tried for war crimes at the end of World War II in Europe. They were convicted at a British military tribunal in Hamburg, held concurrently during the Nuremberg Trials, for killing the survivors of the torpedoed Greek steamer Peleus in 1944.
William Jack (mathematician)
William Jack FRSE (29 May 1834 – 20 March 1924) was a Scottish mathematician and journalist. He was Editor of the Glasgow Herald newspaper from 1870 to 1876, and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Glasgow from 1879 until 1909.

The Herald (Glasgow)
The Herald is a Scottish broadsheet newspaper founded in 1783. The Herald is the longest running national newspaper in the world and is the eighth oldest daily paper in the world. The title was simplified from The Glasgow Herald in 1992. Following the closure of the Sunday Herald, the Herald on Sunday was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018.
Emblem of the Commonwealth of Independent States
The emblem of the Commonwealth of Independent States (Russian: Эмблема Содружества Независимых Государств) depicts a yellow sun on a dark blue field, with eight bending poles and one upright pole in the center holding the sun. The dark blue field is encased in a circular white outline, which is itself fringed with a thin blue outline.

Flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States
The flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States (Russian: Флаг Содружества Независимых Государств) was adopted in 1996 and depicts a  yellow sun on a dark blue field, with one straight and eight bending poles holding the sun. The design symbolizes the desire for equal partnership, unity, peace and stability.

The 8 bending poles represent the 8 states which signed the 1991 treaty forming the CIS.
High Jinks in Society
High Jinks in Society (also known as High Jinx in Society) is a 1949 British comedy film directed, written and produced by John Guillermin and Robert Jordan Hill and starring Ben Wrigley, Barbara Shaw, Basil Appleby, Peter Gawthorne and Moore Marriott.

Peter Gawthorne
Peter Gawthorne (1 September 1884 – 17 March 1962) was an Anglo-Irish actor, probably best known for his roles in the films of Will Hay and other popular British comedians of the 1930s and 1940s. Gawthorne was one of Britain's most called-upon supporting actors during this period.
Brigitte Yagüe
Brigitte Yagüe Enrique (born 15 March 1981 in Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain) is a taekwondo practitioner from Spain.

In 2004, Yagüe qualified for the Athens Olympics, winning over rival Belen Asensio in the –49 kg class at the Spanish Olympic Trials. There, she was eliminated in the first round of the women's 49kg competition by losing 5–9 to Yaowapa Boorapolchai of Thailand.

In May 2008, she was named to a member of the Spain national taekwondo team and competed in the European Olympic Qualification Tournament in Istanbul, and lost to Sumeyye Gulec of Germany 1–2 in the quarterfinals.

In 2012, she won the silver medal at the London Olympics in the women's 49kg competition. She lost the gold medal match by 1-8 to Wu Jingyu of China.

She is married to Juan Antonio Ramos, a two-time taekwondo world champion. Both won flyweight gold in 2007 at Beijing.

Belén Asensio
Belén Asensio (born December 21, 1976) is a female taekwondo practitioner from Spain.

She won the gold medal in the finweight (-47 kg) class at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  Asensio won the gold medal again in finweight at the 2005 World Taekwondo Championships in Madrid, defeating Sümeyye Gülec of Germany 4-2 in the semifinal and You Eun-Young of South Korea 4-1 in the final.

She is also a two-time European Champion in 2000 and 2006. However, she has not qualified for any of the past three Olympics (2000, 2004 and 2008), losing her spot for the 2004 and 2008 Olympics to Spanish rival Brigitte Yagüe at the Spanish Olympic trials.
Bailey's Elementary School for the Arts and Sciences
Bailey's Elementary School for the Arts and Sciences is a public school located in Bailey's Crossroads, Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The school was founded in 1952 and is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS). Bailey's Elementary is a Title I School, and was the first magnet school in Fairfax County. Bailey's is located in the Culmore area and many children from that area attend Bailey's.

In 1997, Bailey's Elementary was selected by President Bill Clinton's One America Initiative Advisory Board on Race as a model for educational excellence in diverse communities.

One America Initiative
One America in the 21st Century: The President's Initiative on Race, or the One America Initiative, was established by U.S. President Bill Clinton in 1997 with Executive Order 13050. The main thrust of the effort was convening and encouraging community dialogue throughout the country. The Advisory Board's principal legacy was the collection and publication of "best practices" for racial reconciliation and dialogue guidelines designed to help communities discuss how to address racial and ethnic divisions in mutually productive ways.
Rivers Rutherford
Melvern Rivers Rutherford II (born June 17, 1967) is an American country music songwriter. He has written songs since at least the 1990s as a songwriter; he has written several number one country hits including "Ain't Nothing 'bout You" by Brooks & Dunn, which was the Number One country song of 2001 according to Billboard. Among the other number one songs which he has composed are "If You Ever Stop Loving Me" by Montgomery Gentry, "When I Get Where I'm Going" by Brad Paisley and Dolly Parton, "Real Good Man" by Tim McGraw, "Living in Fast Forward" by Kenny Chesney, "Ladies Love Country Boys" by Trace Adkins, and "These Are My People" by Rodney Atkins. He has also released a solo CD called Just Another Coaster.
He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019

When I Get Where I'm Going
"When I Get Where I'm Going'" is a song written by George Teren and Rivers Rutherford, and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in October 2005 as second single from his album Time Well Wasted and is his 14th career single (not counting album cuts). The song features harmony vocals from Dolly Parton. The song was Parton's 25th Billboard No. 1 (and her first since 1991's "Rockin' Years"), and Paisley's fifth.
S. U. Zuidema
Sytse Ulbe Zuidema (22 April 1906 – 28 September 1975) was one of the second generation of reformational philosophers arising from the Free University of Amsterdam, after the first generation of Herman Dooyeweerd and D. H. Th. Vollenhoven.  Other members of the second generation included Hendrik Van Riessen, K. J. Popma and  J. P. A. Mekkes.

Zuidema was born in Kampen. Prior to teaching philosophy at the Free University, he held a chair of Calvinistic philosophy at the University of Utrecht. He had also been a minister in the Reformed Churches and a missionary in Indonesia.  His doctoral dissertation was on William of Ockham. Zuidema died in Amstelveen in 1975.

Robert Knudsen and Hendrik Hart both completed their doctoral dissertations in philosophy under Zuidema.

Johan Mekkes
Johan Peter Albertus Mekkes (23 April 1898, Harderwijk – 26 July 1987, The Hague) was a Dutch philosopher. Having started his career as an officer in the Dutch army, he later studied law and philosophy. His active life as a publishing philosopher started around 1947. In 1949 he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Leiden. Due to a scarcity of translated works he is little known in the English-speaking world but he was influential for a number of other Dutch philosophers. He was one of the second generation of reformational philosophers arising from the Free University (VU) in Amsterdam, after the first generation of Herman Dooyeweerd and D. H. Th. Vollenhoven.  Other second generationers were:  Hendrik van Riessen,  S. U. Zuidema and  K. J. Popma.