hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Laura Toti Rigatelli
Laura Toti Rigatelli (1941-2023) was an Italian historian of mathematics, founder of the Center for Medieval Mathematics at the University of Siena, biographer of Évariste Galois, and author of many books on the history of mathematics.

Toti Rigatelli is originally from Florence.

Évariste Galois
Évariste Galois (/ɡælˈwɑː/; French: [evaʁist ɡalwa]; 25 October 1811 – 31 May 1832) was a French mathematician and political activist. While still in his teens, he was able to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be solvable by radicals, thereby solving a problem that had been open for 350 years. His work laid the foundations for Galois theory and group theory, two major branches of abstract algebra.

Galois was a staunch Republican and was heavily involved in the political turmoil that surrounded the French Revolution of 1830.  As a result of his political activism, he was arrested repeatedly, serving one jail sentence of several months. For reasons that remain obscure, shortly after his release from prison, Galois fought in a duel and died of the wounds he suffered.
CFLT-FM
CFLT-FM (92.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, and serving the Halifax Regional Municipality. The station is owned by Rogers Radio, a division of Rogers Sports & Media, and broadcasts an adult hits format, using the syndicated music service and trademark known as Jack 92.9.

The radio studios are on Young Street in Halifax, while its transmitter is on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.

The station is the successor to Newcap-owned AM station CFDR (780 kHz), which signed off the air on July 27, 2009, eleven days before the FM station's official launch.

CKUL-FM
CKUL-FM (96.5 FM, "96.5 The Breeze") is a radio station serving Halifax, Nova Scotia. Owned by Stingray Group, it broadcasts a soft adult contemporary format. CKUL's studios and offices are located on Kempt Road in Halifax, while its transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park.
Lucas Grabeel
Lucas Stephen Grabeel (/ˈɡreɪbiːl/ GRAY-beel; born November 23, 1984) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for his role as Ryan Evans in the High School Musical film series (2006–2011). His other film appearances include Halloweentown High (2004), Return to Halloweentown (2006), Alice Upside Down (2007), and The Adventures of Food Boy (2008). He appeared as a young Lex Luthor and Conner Kent in the superhero television series Smallville (2006–2011).

In 2011, Grabeel released his debut extended play, Sunshine, and began playing Toby Kennish in the ABC Freeform drama series Switched at Birth, appearing until 2017. He has also provided voice acting roles for various animated series, including Deputy Peck in Disney Junior's Sheriff Callie's Wild West (2014–2017), the title character in Netflix's Pinky Malinky (2019), and Kyle/Mist in My Adventures with Superman (2023).

Return to Halloweentown
Return to Halloweentown (also known as Halloweentown 4) is a 2006 American fantasy comedy film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie that premiered on October 20, 2006, and is the fourth and final film in the Halloweentown series. The story follows Marnie Piper (Sara Paxton) going to college at Witch University in Halloweentown, where dark forces try to control her magic.

This is the only film in the Halloweentown series not to feature Kimberly J. Brown as Marnie, although Joey Zimmerman, Debbie Reynolds, Judith Hoag, and Lucas Grabeel reprise their roles. Sophie Piper, played by Emily Roeske in the previous films, is mentioned but does not appear. This film also marks the first Disney Channel Original Movie franchise to produce a fourth installment. The premiere scored 7.5 million viewers.
Craig Viveiros
Craig Viveiros is a British/Portuguese television and film director, whose notable credits include the BBC's 2015 adaptation of Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None, serial killer drama Rillington Place, and Mammoth Screen's adaptation of The War of the Worlds.

Initially a camera operator on several films, Craig has gone on to direct for the BBC, ITV, and Channel 4, as well as directing two feature films, The Liability and Ghosted.

In 2016, Craig was nominated for Best Director at the Royal Television Society (RTS) Craft and Design Awards for his work on And Then There Were None. His 2012 feature film, The Liability, was nominated for Best Feature Film at Torino Film Festival. His 2011 feature film, Ghosted, won Best Director at the New York International Independent Film and Video Festival, and the film was nominated for Best Feature Film at the Torino Film Festival, with lead actor, Martin Compston, winning Best Actor.

And Then There Were None (TV series)
And Then There Were None is a 2015 mystery thriller television series that was first broadcast on BBC One from 26 to 28 December 2015. The three-part programme was adapted by Sarah Phelps and directed by Craig Viveiros and is based on Agatha Christie's 1939 novel of the same name. The series features an ensemble cast, including Douglas Booth, Charles Dance, Maeve Dermody, Burn Gorman, Anna Maxwell Martin, Sam Neill, Miranda Richardson, Toby Stephens, Noah Taylor, and Aidan Turner. The programme follows a group of strangers who are invited to an isolated island where they are murdered one by one for their past crimes.

The drama, debuting to 6 million viewers, received critical acclaim with many praising the writing, performances, and cinematography. It also scored high ratings.
Spas-Demensk
Spas-Demensk (Russian: Спас-Де́менск) is a town and the administrative center of Spas-Demensky District in Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Demena River (an arm of the Ugra) 197 kilometers (122 mi) west of Kaluga, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 4,569 (2021 Census); 4,896 (2010 Census); 5,296 (2002 Census); 6,239 (1989 Soviet census).

Spas-Demensky District
Spas-Demensky District (Russian: Спас-Де́менский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Kaluga Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,369 square kilometers (529 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Spas-Demensk. As of the 2021 Census, the total population of the district was 7,369, with the population of Spas-Demensk accounting for 62.0% of that number.
Hannah John-Kamen
Hannah Dominique John-Kamen  (born 7 September 1989) is an English actress. She is known for her television roles in Black Mirror (2011–2016), Killjoys (2015–2019), Brave New World (2020), and Netflix miniseries The Stranger (2020), and has portrayed  Ava Starr / Ghost in the superhero films Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)  and Thunderbolts* (2025). She has also starred in various films including SAS: Red Notice (2021), Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021) and Unwelcome (2023).

SAS: Red Notice
SAS: Red Notice (also known as SAS: Rise of the Black Swan) is a 2021 British action thriller film directed by Magnus Martens, based on the novel of the same name by Andy McNab, and starring Sam Heughan, Ruby Rose, Andy Serkis, Hannah John-Kamen, Tom Hopper, Noel Clarke, Owain Yeoman, Ray Panthaki, Anne Reid and Tom Wilkinson in his final film role before his death in December 2023. Sky Cinema released SAS: Red Notice in the United Kingdom on 12 March 2021.
Green River (Kentucky)
The Green River  is a 384-mile-long (618 km) tributary of the Ohio River that rises in Lincoln County in south central Kentucky. Tributaries of the Green River include the Barren River, the Nolin River, the Pond River and the Rough River. The river was named after Nathanael Greene, a general of the American Revolutionary War.

Rough River
The Rough River is a 136-mile-long (219 km) tributary of the Green River in west-central Kentucky in the United States. It's located about 70 miles southwest of Louisville, and flows through Breckinridge, Hardin, Grayson, and Ohio counties. Via the Green and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Rough Creek". In the 1950s it was dammed, creating Rough River Lake.
Freydoun Malkom
Freydoun Malcolm Khan (Persian: فریدون ملکم خان; 25 December 1875 – 4 June 1954), variously spelled Firidun Malkom Khan and Freydoun Malkom Khan was an Iranian fencer and diplomat. Born in London to diplomat Mirza Malkam Khan, he would attend Eton College and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. He would later be designated as the special adjutant at the Persian Embassy in Paris and later in Rome. Due to his and his father's service as a diplomat, they would be granted the royal title of Prince by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.

At the time Khan was a student and worked in the Embassy, the Shah would nominate him to compete at the 1900 Summer Olympics. There, Khan would be considered as the first Olympian for Iran. He would compete in the men's individual épée and advance up until the quarterfinals before his elimination in the event.

Mirza Malkam Khan
Mirza Melkum Khan (Persian: میرزا ملکم خان; Armenian: Յովսէփ Մելքումեան, romanized: Hovsep’ Melk’umyan; 1834–1908) was an Iranian modernist writer, diplomat, and publicist. He is known for his social reform efforts, as well as for being the first Christian to adopt the title of 'Mirza' in Persian. He is considered one of the fathers of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
Francesco Nullo
Francesco Nullo (1 March 1826 – 5 May 1863) was an Italian patriot, military officer and merchant, and a close friend and confidant of Giuseppe Garibaldi. He supported independence movements in Italy and Poland. He was a participant in the Five Days of Milan and other events of the revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states, Sicilian Expedition of the Thousand in 1860 and the Polish January Uprising in 1863. His military career ended with him receiving the rank of general in Poland, shortly before his death in the Battle of Krzykawka.

Battle of Krzykawka
Battle of Krzykawka was a military engagement that took place during the January Uprising on May 5, 1863, between Russian forces and Polish insurgents and foreign (Italian and French) volunteers allied with them. It took place close to the village of Krzykawka near Olkusz. The Polish forces were led by general Józef Miniewski and included the Italian Garibaldi Legion under the command of Francesco Nullo. The outcome of the engagement was a victory for the Russian forces.
Eddie Holman
Eddie Holman (born June 3, 1946) is an American singer, musician, minister, and recording artist, best known for his distinctively high singing voice and his 1969 hit song "Hey There Lonely Girl", an adaptation of "Hey There Lonely Boy" by Ruby & the Romantics. His specialties range from R&B and pop to soul and gospel. He was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2016.

In 1962, Holman began his recording career when he earned fame with his first record "What You Don't Know Won't Hurt You" with Leopard Records. In 1966, he recorded his first hit "This Can't Be True", which was followed by "Am I a Loser from the Start", "I Love You" (1969), "Don't Stop Now" (1970), and "Cathy Called" (1970). In 1963, "Hey There Lonely Boy" by Ruby & the Romantics was released. In 1969, Holman received critical acclaim with his ballad "Hey There Lonely Girl", which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Hey There Lonely Girl
"Hey There Lonely Girl" is a song released in 1969 by Eddie Holman. The original version "Hey There Lonely Boy" was recorded in 1963 by Ruby & the Romantics. It was a hit for both of them. It has since been recorded by many other artists.
Vizsoly Bible
The Vizsoly Bible, also called Károli Bible was the first Bible printed in the Hungarian language. It was translated in the 16th century by pastor Gáspár Károli and fellow Calvinists and was printed in 1590 by Bálint Mantskovit. A copy is kept on permanent display in the Hungarian village of Vizsoly.

Gáspár Károlyi
Gáspár Károlyi, or in Protestant usage, Károli (c. 1529 in Nagykároly – 31 December 1591 in Gönc) was a Hungarian Calvinist pastor. He was a major figure in the Reformed Church in Hungary. He edited the Vizsoly Bible.
Ziggurat
A ziggurat (/ˈzɪɡʊˌræt/; Cuneiform: 𒅆𒂍𒉪, Akkadian: ziqqurratum, D-stem of zaqārum 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other Semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude') is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia and Iran. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the no longer extant Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk. The Sumerians believed that the gods lived in the temple at the top of the ziggurats, so only priests and other highly-respected individuals could enter. Sumerian society offered these individuals such gifts as music, harvested produce, and the creation of devotional statues to entice them to live in the temple.

Sumer
Sumer (/ˈsuːmər/ SOO-mər) is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of proto-writing c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
Katie Bouman
Katherine Louise Bouman (/ˈbaʊmən/; born 1989) is an American engineer and computer scientist working in the field of computational imaging. She led the development of an algorithm for imaging black holes, known as Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors (CHIRP), and was a member of the Event Horizon Telescope team that captured the first image of a black hole.

The California Institute of Technology, which hired Bouman as an assistant professor in June 2019, awarded her a named professorship in 2020. In 2021, asteroid 291387 Katiebouman was named after her.  In 2024, she became an associate professor.

CHIRP (algorithm)
CHIRP (Continuous High-resolution Image Reconstruction using Patch priors) is a Bayesian algorithm used to perform a deconvolution on images created in radio astronomy. The acronym was coined by lead author Katherine L. Bouman in 2016.

The development of CHIRP involved a large team of researchers from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian and the MIT Haystack Observatory, including Bill Freeman and Sheperd Doeleman. It was first presented publicly by Bouman at the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition conference in June 2016.
Washington State League
The Washington State League was a Class-D minor league baseball circuit in Washington state that existed for three seasons—from 1910 to 1912. Teams in the league included the Aberdeen Black Cats, Chehalis Gophers, Hoquiam Loggers, Centralia Pets, Montesano Farmers, Raymond Cougars, Tacoma Cubs, South Bend River Rats and Centralia Railroaders. The Washington State League was also the name of an independent baseball league in 1897.

Montesano Farmers
The Montesano Farmers were a minor league baseball team based in Montesano, Washington. In 1905 and 1910, the Montesano Farmers played as members of the 1905 Class D level Southwest Washington League and 1910 Washington State League, winning the 1905 Southwest Washington League championship. The Farmers hosted home minor league games at Vessey Memorial Ball Park.
U.S. Route 19 in North Carolina
U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) traverses 145 miles (233 km) across Western North Carolina; from the Georgia state line, at the community of Bellview, to Cane River, where US 19 splits into US 19E and US 19W, which take separate routes into Tennessee.

U.S. Route 129 in North Carolina
U.S. Route 129 (US 129) is a north–south United States highway that travels 63.5 miles (102.2 km) through the westernmost part of North Carolina.  Traveling from the Georgia state line near Bellview, to the Tennessee state line at Deals Gap, it is known for its scenic mountain valley vistas and curvy mountain bends popular with motorcycle and sports car enthusiasts.
Ken (South Korean singer)
Lee Jae-hwan  (Korean: 이재환 born April 6, 1992), known professionally as Ken (Korean: 켄), is a South Korean singer and actor, formerly signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. He is one of the members of the South Korean boy group VIXX, and has been widely praised for his unique, soulful, and husky vocal tone. Ken began his acting career in 2014 in MBC Every 1's comedy drama Boarding House No. 24 as Lee Jae-hwan.

Jellyfish Entertainment
Jellyfish Entertainment (Korean: 젤리피쉬엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company established by composer and producer Hwang Se-jun in Seoul, South Korea.

Jellyfish Entertainment is the home of artists including Jang Hye-jin, VIXX, Verivery, Evnne and formerly gugudan, Park Yoon-ha. The agency is also the home of actors including Kim Sun-young, Kim Se-jeong, and Lim Seul-ong.
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena is a television miniseries created by Steven S. DeKnight for Starz. It is a prequel to Spartacus, which premiered in 2011. The series follows the character Gannicus (Dustin Clare), the first gladiator representing Lentulus Batiatus to become Champion of Capua. Cast members and characters reprised from the original series include John Hannah as Batiatus, Lucy Lawless as Lucretia, Peter Mensah as Oenomaus, Nick E. Tarabay as Ashur, Lesley-Ann Brandt as Naevia, Antonio Te Maioha as Barca, and Manu Bennett as Crixus.

The miniseries aired in Canada on Movie Central and The Movie Network, on Sky1 in the United Kingdom and on FX in Latin America.

Crixus
Crixus (died 72 BC) was a Gallic gladiator and military leader in the Third Servile War between the Roman Republic and rebel slaves. Born in Gaul, he was enslaved by the Romans under unknown circumstances and trained as a gladiator in Capua. His name means "one with curly hair" in Gaulish.
Los Jardines
21°40′N 151°35′E﻿ / ﻿21.667°N 151.583°E﻿ / 21.667; 151.583

Los Jardines or Los Buenos Jardines (Spanish for "the good gardens") are phantom islands supposedly located northeast of the Mariana Islands.

The islands were reportedly visited by Spanish explorers Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón (who named them Los Buenos Jardines) in 1528 and Ruy López de Villalobos (who called them Los Jardines) in 1542.  Sighted again by John Marshall in 1788, they were purported to be part of an Anson Archipelago, which included other phantom islands such as Ganges Island as well as real islands such as Wake and Marcus Islands.  In 1973, the International Hydrographic Organization removed them from its charts.

Ganges Island
Ganges Island, a phantom island known as Nakanotorishima (中ノ鳥島 or 中鳥島, literally "central bird island") in Japanese, appeared at 30°45′N 154°25′E﻿ / ﻿30.750°N 154.417°E﻿ / 30.750; 154.417 on maps of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  Reports of its disappearance appeared in 1933.

The purported island was considered a part of an Anson Archipelago, which included other phantom islands such as Los Jardines as well as real islands such as Wake and Marcus Islands.
Yoon Kyun-sang
Yoon Kyun-sang (born March 31, 1987) is a South Korean actor who drew attention with his supporting roles in the television series Pinocchio (2014), Six Flying Dragons (2015–2016) and The Doctors (2016). He then played lead roles in The Rebel (2017), Oh, the Mysterious (2018), Clean with Passion for Now (2018), and Class of Lies (2019).

The Doctors (South Korean TV series)
The Doctors (Korean: 닥터스) is a 2016 South Korean medical drama starring Kim Rae-won and Park Shin-hye. It aired on SBS TV from June 20 to August 23, 2016, every Monday and Tuesday at 22:00 (KST) for 20 episodes.

The drama was a hit and averaged 18.40% in audience ratings. In particular, Park's character as a troubled teenager turned charismatic doctor was very popular among the audiences for her action scenes and straightforward lines.
Men of Two Worlds
Men of Two Worlds (US title: Man of Africa; also known as Kisenga, Man of Africa and White Ants ) is a 1946 British Technicolor drama film directed by Thorold Dickinson and starring Phyllis Calvert, Eric Portman and Robert Adams. It was written by Dickinson and Herbert W. Victor based on a story by Joyce Cary. The screenplay concerns an African music student who returns home to battle a witch doctor for control over his tribe.

Phyllis Calvert
Phyllis Hannah Murray-Hill (née Bickle; 18 February 1915 – 8 October 2002), known professionally as Phyllis Calvert, was an English actress. She was one of the leading stars of the Gainsborough melodramas of the 1940s such as The Man in Grey (1943) and was one of the most popular movie stars in Britain in the 1940s. She continued her acting career for another 50 years.

In the words of an article by Michael Brooke for the BFI's Screenonline website: "Most of the time she drew what looked like the short straw, playing the 'good girl' in films that revelled in the exploits of her wicked opposite number, and it says much for her talent and charisma that she was able to hold attention in what must have seemed thankless parts – she herself acknowledged that 'I do think it is much more difficult to establish a really charming, nice person than a wicked one – and make it real'."
Time to Die (1985 film)
A Time to Die (Spanish: Tiempo de morir), also called Time to Die, is a 1985 Colombian drama film directed by Jorge Alí Triana and starring Gustavo Angarita, María Eugenia Dávila and Sebastián Ospina. The script, written by Colombia's Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez, had been shot twice before, first in 1965 by Mexican director, Arturo Ripstein and in 1982 also by Jorge Alí Triana as a TV series produced by RTI Producciones.

Using the style of the Westerns, the film deals with Latin American themes of machismo, family honor and revenge. It was selected as the Colombian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.

Tiempo de morir was very well received and it is considered one of the best Colombian films of the 1980s with Condores no Entierran Todos los dias and Milagro en Roma.

Jorge Alí Triana
Jorge Ali Triana Varon (born April 4, 1942, in Bogotá, Colombia) is a Colombian theatre director and film director. He studied theater and film in Czechoslovakia and in Berlin. He is one of the founders of the Popular Theater of Bogota in 1967, starting as a theatre director and directing more than 50 works. With the TPB, he won several awards that have established him as one of the most important directors in the country. He has also participated in various theater festivals and has directed TV specials, as well as some series of "Revivamos nuestra historia" ("Relive Our History"). He directed over 30 TV series episodes and several short TV films.