hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Wales (astronomer)
William Wales (1734? – 29 December 1798) was a British mathematician and astronomer who sailed on Captain Cook's second voyage of discovery, then became Master of the Royal Mathematical School at Christ's Hospital and a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Christ's Hospital
Christ's Hospital is a public school (English fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11–18) with a royal charter, located to the south of Horsham in West Sussex.

The school was founded in 1552 and the royal charter granted in 1553 (26 June, 7 Edw. VI). Since its establishment, Christ's Hospital has been a charity school, with a core aim to offer children from disadvantaged backgrounds the chance of a better education.
Aphomomyrmex
Aphomomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Aphomomyrmex afer, known from Africa (Cameroon and South Africa). The genus is closely related to Petalomyrmex.

Petalomyrmex
Petalomyrmex (from Greek petalos, "flattened" + myrmex, "ant") is a genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It contains the single species Petalomyrmex phylax, known only from Cameroon. The genus is closely related to Aphomomyrmex.
Flora Eldershaw
Flora Sydney Patricia Eldershaw (16 March 1897 – 20 September 1956) was an Australian novelist, critic and historian. With Marjorie Barnard she formed the writing collaboration known as M. Barnard Eldershaw. She was also a teacher and later a public servant.

Eldershaw was active in Australian literary circles, including becoming the first woman President of the Fellowship of Australian Writers and being a long-time member of the Advisory Board of the Commonwealth Literary Fund. For both her writing output and her active support for and promotion of writers, Eldershaw made a significant contribution to Australian literary life.

Fellowship of Australian Writers
The Fellowship of Australian Writers (FAW) is a collection or federation of state-based organizations aiming to support and promote the interests of Australian writers. It was established in Sydney in 1928, with the aim of bringing writers together and promoting their interests. The organisation played a key role in the establishment of the Australian Society of Authors in 1963, a national body and now the main professional organisation in Australia for writers of literary works.

As of 2023, the following state-based independent organisations carried the name: Fellowship of Australian Writers NSW Inc. (a continuation of the original), Fellowship of Australian Writers Queensland, Fellowship of Australian Writers Tasmania, Fellowship of Australian Writers (VIC) Inc., and the Fellowship of Australian Writers (WA) Inc.
Wang Zhongsi
Wang Zhongsi (Chinese: 王忠嗣; 704?–748?), né Wang Xun (王訓), was a Chinese military general and politician during the Tang dynasty.  Because of how his father Wang Haibin (王海賓) had died in army service, Emperor Xuanzong took him and raised him in the palace, and subsequently entrusted him with army commands.  Eventually, though, he was accused of intentionally hindering an attack on Tubo, and was demoted.  He died the following year.

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.
Alphonse Matoubela
Alphonse Matoubela (born 15 October 1958) is a boxer from the Republic of Congo, who competed in the lightweight (– 60 kg) division at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Matoubela lost his opening bout to Tibor Dezamits of Hungary by decision, 0-5. He was born in Léopoldville, Belgian Congo.

Tibor Dezamits
Tibor Dezamits (born 7 November 1954) is a Hungarian boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he defeated Alphonse Matoubela of Congo, before losing to Yordan Lesov of Bulgaria.
Helen Daniels Bader
Helen Ann Daniels Bader (20 May 1927 – 21 November 1989) was an American social worker and philanthropist. She was born and raised on the Great Plains in the railroad town of Aberdeen, South Dakota. She became half-owner of the Aldrich Chemical Company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, founded together with her husband Alfred Bader. She completed a degree in social welfare later in life. Upon her death, Bader left the bulk of her $100 million fortune as a charitable foundation, dedicated especially to programs in Wisconsin and Israel.

Alfred Bader
Alfred Robert Bader CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history.
George Gulas
George Gulas is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with his father Nick Gulas' professional wrestling promotion NWA Mid-America in the 1970s and early 1980s.

Ken Lucas (wrestler)
Ken Lucas (August 20, 1940 – August 6, 2014) was an American professional wrestler who won many tag and singles championships in the southern US National Wrestling Alliance territories between 1960 and 1985, before finishing his career as a jobber in the American Wrestling Association. He trained Ricky Morton to wrestle, and they teamed often in the early 1980s, winning three championships six times. He was from Mesa, Arizona and died at his home in Pensacola, Florida.
Dreadlocks
Dreadlocks, also known as dreads or locs, are a hairstyle made of rope-like strands of hair. Locs can form naturally in very curly hair, or they can be created with techniques like twisting, backcombing, or crochet.

Afro
The afro is a hair style created by combing out natural growth of afro-textured hair, or specifically styled with chemical curling products by individuals with naturally curly or straight hair. The hairstyle can be created by combing the hair away from the scalp, dispersing a distinctive curl pattern, and forming the hair into a rounded shape, much like a cloud or puff ball.

For people with wavy or straight hair, the hair style is created with the help of permanent hair structure-changing creams or gels and/or other solidifying liquids to temporarily hold the hair in place. Particularly popular in the African American community of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the hairstyle is often shaped and maintained with the assistance of a wide-toothed comb colloquially known as an Afro pick.
K-stability
In mathematics, and especially differential and algebraic geometry, K-stability is an algebro-geometric stability condition, for complex manifolds and complex algebraic varieties. The notion of K-stability was first introduced by Gang Tian and reformulated more algebraically later by Simon Donaldson. The definition was inspired by a comparison to geometric invariant theory (GIT) stability.  In the special case of Fano varieties, K-stability precisely characterises the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics. More generally, on any compact complex manifold, K-stability is conjectured to be equivalent to the existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics (cscK metrics).

Geometric invariant theory
In mathematics, geometric invariant theory (or GIT) is a method for constructing quotients by group actions in algebraic geometry, used to construct moduli spaces. It was developed by David Mumford in  1965, using ideas from the paper (Hilbert 1893)  in  classical invariant theory.

Geometric invariant theory studies an action of a group G on an algebraic variety (or scheme) X and provides techniques for forming the 'quotient' of X by G as a scheme with reasonable properties. One motivation was to construct moduli spaces in algebraic geometry as quotients of schemes parametrizing marked objects. In the 1970s and 1980s the theory developed interactions with symplectic geometry and equivariant topology, and was used to construct moduli spaces of objects in differential geometry, such as instantons and monopoles.
Murray Martin
Murray Martin (27 January 1943 – 14 August 2007) was a British documentary and docudrama filmmaker. He was a founding and lifelong member of Amber Film & Photography Collective, with whom he made many films including Seacoal (1985), In Fading Light (1989) and Eden Valley (1994).

Amber Film & Photography Collective
Amber Film & Photography Collective (often shortened to Amber Films or Amber) is a film and photography collective based in Newcastle upon Tyne with an aim to capture working-class life in North East England. Often combining professional and non-professional actors, Amber has produced several documentary and feature films of varying lengths, sometimes blending documentary with fiction. Their productions have included Seacoal and Eden Valley, along with a drama-documentary about 1960s Newcastle City Council leader, T. Dan Smith.

Although Amber have received little national attention, scholar Mike Wayne suggests they are "possibly the most successful 'studio' -- in terms of sheer longevity -- in British film history".

The collective often host exhibitions related to their current projects at their base at Side Gallery and Cinema, just off the Quayside in Newcastle.
Another Life (2019 TV series)
Another Life is an American science fiction drama television series created by Aaron Martin, which premiered on Netflix on July 25, 2019. The series stars Katee Sackhoff, Selma Blair, Justin Chatwin, Samuel Anderson, Elizabeth Ludlow, Blu Hunt, A.J. Rivera, Alexander Eling, Alex Ozerov, Jake Abel, JayR Tinaco, Lina Renna, Jessica Camacho, Barbara Williams, Parveen Dosanjh, Greg Hovanessian, Chanelle Peloso, and Tyler Hoechlin. In October 2019, the series was renewed for a second season, which was released on October 14, 2021. Netflix announced it had canceled the series in February 2022.

Blu Hunt
Blu Farias Hunt (born July 11, 1995) is a Native American actress. She is best known for her roles as Inadu/The Hollow in The CW supernatural drama series The Originals (2017) and as August Catawnee in the Netflix science fiction drama series Another Life (2019–2021).

Hunt made her film debut as Danielle Moonstar / Mirage in the superhero film The New Mutants (2020), which is part of the X-Men film series.
ÇOMÜ Library
The ÇOMÜ Library, the main research library of the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, is one of the oldest libraries in the southern Marmara region of Turkey and the largest in southern and western Marmara region. The library is at the centre of the main campus. The ÇOMÜ Library is a 24-hour library, open 365 days a year including holidays.

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (informally ÇOMÜ) is a Turkish public research university located in Çanakkale province, near Gallipoli and its surrounding towns. It is a member of the Balkan Universities Network, the European University Association (EUA), International Association of Universities (IAU), and the Thrace Universities Union.
French establishments in India (constituency)
The Établissements français de l'Inde, previously known as Indes orientales was a constituency in the French National Assembly between 1789 and 1954.

It was succeeded by India's Puducherry constituency in the Lok Sabha.

Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency
Puducherry Lok Sabha constituency  covers the entire Union Territory of Puducherry. Pondicherry became a union territory after the implementation of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India in 1962 and changed its name to Puducherry in 2006. This constituency first held elections in 1967 and its first member of parliament (MP) was Thirumudi N. Sethuraman of the Indian National Congress.
Jonathan Franzen
Jonathan Earl Franzen (born August 17, 1959) is an American novelist and essayist. His 2001 novel The Corrections drew widespread critical acclaim, earned Franzen a National Book Award, was a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist, earned a James Tait Black Memorial Prize, and was shortlisted for the International Dublin Literary Award. His novel Freedom (2010) garnered similar praise and led to an appearance on the cover of Time magazine alongside the headline "Great American Novelist". Franzen's latest novel Crossroads was published in 2021, and is the first in a projected trilogy.

Franzen has contributed to The New Yorker magazine since 1994. His 1996 Harper's essay "Perchance to Dream" bemoaned the state of contemporary literature. Oprah Winfrey's book club selection in 2001 of The Corrections led to a much publicized feud with the talk show host.

Why Bother? (essay)
"Why Bother?", originally published as "Perchance to Dream: In the Age of Images, a Reason to Write Novels", is a literary essay by American novelist Jonathan Franzen.  It is often referred to as "The Harper's Essay". First published in the April 1996 issue of Harper's magazine, the essay concerns the persistence of reading within the context of technological growth and distraction. Franzen recounts his meditations on the state and possibility of the novel form, often against the backdrop of his personal experience, eventually concluding that the novel still has potential cultural agency in the United States, and often gains it by paradoxical drives of both culture and author.
Southeast Airlines Flight 308
Southeast Airlines Flight 308 was an American domestic flight operated by Southeast Airlines between Knoxville and Bristol, Tennessee, in the United States. On January 8, 1959, it was flown by a Douglas DC-3A registered N18941. On approach to Tri-Cities Regional Airport at Bristol, the aircraft crashed into the Holston Mountain range with the loss of all on board.

Holston Mountain
Holston Mountain is a mountain ridge in Upper East Tennessee and southwest Virginia, in the United States. It is in the Blue Ridge Mountains part of the Appalachian Mountains. Holston Mountain is a very prominent ridge-type mountain in Tennessee's Ridge and Valley Region, about 28 miles (45 km) long, running from southwest to northeast, covering about 268 square miles (690 km2). Its highest summit is Holston High Point, on which a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aircraft navigational beacon is located, at an elevation of 4,280 feet (1,300 m) above mean sea level. The second and third highest points are Rye Patch Knob, at 4,260 feet (1,300 m) above mean sea level and Rich Knob, at 4,240 (1,292.3 m) above mean sea level respectively. The fourth highest point is Holston High Knob where an old dismantled Cherokee National Forest fire tower (now a Communications Tower) marks the elevation at 4,136 feet (1,261 m) above mean sea level.
Matt Cappotelli
Matthew Lee Cappotelli (November 12, 1979 – June 29, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. After co-winning Tough Enough III with John Hennigan, he worked in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), the primary developmental territory for WWE. He ended his career due to a malignant brain tumor.

WWE Tough Enough
WWE Tough Enough is an American professional wrestling reality competition series that was produced by WWE, wherein participants undergo professional wrestling training and compete for a contract with WWE. There were two winners per season for the first three seasons, all of which aired on MTV. A fourth competition was held in 2004, with only a single winner, who was integrated into (at the time) UPN's SmackDown!. As revealed in October 2010, the USA Network, revived Tough Enough to air it immediately prior to Raw, starting on April 4, 2011, a day after WrestleMania XXVII. The first three seasons were co-produced with MTV, while the revival is a co-production with Shed Media. Reruns of the 2011 season were broadcast on Universal HD, Oxygen and G4.

Past episodes of Tough Enough are available for streaming on the WWE Network.
Saeed Akef
Saeed Akef (Persian: سعید عاکف, born 1972) is an Iranian author and memoir writer who often writes about the Iran–Iraq War. His books have been one of the most widely published books about that war. Borunsi (2004) has been reprinted more than 200 times since its first edition, and is amongst the bestselling books in Iran. Nasime Taghdir (Breeze of Destiny) has been a nominee in the 10th Holy Defense Year Book Award.

Borunsi
Borunsi (Persian: خاک‌های نرم کوشک) is a selection of memoirs written by the family and friends of Abd-al-Hussain Borunsi, the commander of the 18th Brigade of Javadolaemeh during the Iran–Iraq War. Written by Saeed A'kef, the book has been reprinted more than 200 times since its first edition in 2004, and is amongst the bestselling books in Iran.
Twin Peaks (album)
Twin Peaks is the third live album by American hard rock band Mountain, released in February 1974 by Columbia and Windfall Records. It contains recordings from the band's performance at Koseinenkin Hall in Osaka, Japan on August 30, 1973. The album was produced by the band's bassist and second vocalist Felix Pappalardi, while the artwork was created by his wife and collaborator Gail Collins. It was Mountain's first release since returning after a year-long hiatus.

After breaking up for a year in the summer of 1972, Mountain returned with new members Bob Mann (guitar, keyboards) and Allan Schwartzberg (drums) joining Leslie West and Felix Pappalardi. The material for Twin Peaks was recorded on the subsequent Japanese tour, after which the new members left and original drummer Corky Laing returned. The album charted at number 142 on the US Billboard 200, which was the lowest position achieved by the band up to that point.

Live: The Road Goes Ever On
Live: The Road Goes Ever On is the first live album by American hard rock band Mountain, released on 24 April 1972 by Windfall Records. It contains four songs recorded at three shows in August 1969, December 1971, and January 1972. The album was produced by the band's bassist and second vocalist Felix Pappalardi, while the artwork was created by his wife and collaborator Gail Collins. The Road Goes Ever On takes its name from J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel The Hobbit.

Following Mountain's breakup in early 1972, Windfall compiled a number of recordings from various shows to issue as the band's first live release. Mountain Live: The Road Goes Ever On was a minor commercial success, reaching number 63 on the US Billboard 200 and number 21 on the UK Albums Chart (the latter of which was the highest position the band achieved on the chart). The album spawned one single, "Waiting to Take You Away", which was released in July 1972.
Kaarel Tarand
Kaarel Tarand (born 20 September 1966) is an Estonian journalist and editor.

He was born in Tallinn to geographer, climatologist and politician Andres Tarand and radio journalist Mari Tarand. His older brother is politician Indrek Tarand. During 1987–1996 he studied philology and social sciences at the University of Tartu.

In 1996–1999, he was the editor of magazine Luup. Since 2002, he has worked as a columnist at newspaper Eesti Päevaleht. Since 2005, he has been a chief editor of newspaper Sirp.

Indrek Tarand
Indrek Tarand (born 3 February 1964) is an Estonian politician and a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Estonia. He was an independent politician, but a member of the European Green Party.

Tarand has served as an advisor to the Prime Minister of Estonia and as the Secretary General of the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Pottuvil
Pottuvil (Tamil: பொத்துவில், romanized: Pottuvil; Sinhala: පොතුවිල, romanized: Potuvil) is a town in the Ampara District of Sri Lanka, located in the Eastern Province on the eastern coast of the Island. It is situated 4 km (2.5 mi) north of the popular tourist destination Arugam Bay.

Arugam Bay
Arugam Bay (Tamil: அறுகம் குடா, romanized: Aṟukam kuṭā; Sinhala: ආරුගම් බොක්ක, romanized: ārugam bokka), known locally as "Arugam Kudah", is situated on the Indian Ocean in the dry zone of Sri Lanka's southeast coast, and a historic settlement of the ancient Batticaloa Territory (Mattakallappu Desam). Arugam Kudah's literal Tamil translation is "Bay of Cynodon dactylon".
Eyyübiye
Eyyübiye is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,626 km2, and its population is 391,795 (2022). The district Eyyübiye was created at the 2013 reorganisation from part of the former central district of Şanlıurfa Province, along with the new districts Haliliye and Karaköprü. It covers the central and southern part of the agglomeration of Şanlıurfa and the adjacent countryside. In the local elections of 31 March 2019, Mehmet Kuş (AKP) was elected mayor. Mustafa Hamit Kıyıcı is the appointed district governor.

Haliliye
Haliliye (Kurdish: Xelîlî) is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,924 km2, and its population is 396,656 (2022). The district Haliliye was created at the 2013 reorganisation from part of the former central district of Şanlıurfa Province, along with the new districts Eyyübiye and Karaköprü. It covers the eastern part of the agglomeration of Şanlıurfa and the adjacent countryside. The name "Haliliye" refers to Halil İbrahim, the Muslim pronunciation of Abraham whose tomb is believed to be in Şanlıurfa. In the local elections of 31 March 2019, Mehmet Canpolat from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was elected mayor. As Kaymakam Serap Özmen Çetin was appointed.

The village Dağeteği used to be called Garmuç. It had 5,000 Armenian inhabitants before the Armenian genocide.
Samudera Pasai Sultanate
The Samudera Pasai Sultanate (Malay: كسلطانن سامودرا ڤاساي‎), also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.

Little evidence has been left to allow for historical study of the kingdom. The kingdom was believed to have been founded by Merah Silu, who later converted to Islam and adopted the name Malik ul Salih, in the year 1267 CE. After the 1521 Portuguese invasion, the garrison evacuated Pasai in 1524 and the first Sultan of Aceh, Ali Mughayat Syah, annexed the territory.

Acehnese conquest of Pasai
The Conquest of Pasai was a military campaign in 1523–1524 launched by the Sultanate of Aceh against the Samudera Pasai Sultanate and the Portuguese fortress there. The operation was a success for the Acehnese.
The Planet of Doubt
"The Planet of Doubt" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stanley G. Weinbaum that was first published in the October 1935 issue of Astounding Stories.  It is Weinbaum's third story featuring Hamilton Hammond and Patricia Burlingame, a sequel to "Parasite Planet" and "The Lotus Eaters".

Parasite Planet
"Parasite Planet" is a science fiction short story by American writer Stanley G. Weinbaum originally published in the February 1935 issue of Astounding Stories.  It was Weinbaum's fourth published story, and the first to be set on Venus.  He quickly followed it up with a sequel called "The Lotus Eaters".

In Before the Golden Age, Isaac Asimov states the story was an influence on his own Venus-set novel, Lucky Starr and the Oceans of Venus.