hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Baker valve gear
After about 1910, the Baker valve gear was the main competitor to Walschaerts valve gear for steam locomotives in the United States. Strictly speaking it was not a valve gear but a variable expansion mechanism adapted to the Walschaerts layout replacing the expansion link and sliding die block. The Baker arrangement used more pivot bearings or pin joints, but avoided the die slip inherent to the expansion link, with the aim of lessening wear and the need for service; it could also facilitate longer valve travel.

Walschaerts valve gear
The Walschaerts valve gear, known as Heusinger valve gear in parts of Europe, is a type of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam locomotives, invented by Belgian railway engineer Egide Walschaerts in 1844. The gear is sometimes named without the final "s", since it was incorrectly patented under that name. It was extensively used in steam locomotives from the late 19th century until the end of the steam era.
Mere addition paradox
The mere addition paradox (also known as the repugnant conclusion) is a problem in population ethics identified by Derek Parfit and discussed in his book Reasons and Persons (1984). The paradox identifies the mutual incompatibility of four intuitively compelling assertions about the relative value of populations. Parfit’s original formulation of the repugnant conclusion is that "For any perfectly equal population with very high positive welfare, there is a population with very low positive welfare which is better, other things being equal."

Larry Temkin
Larry Temkin is an American philosopher and Distinguished Professor Emeritus of philosophy at Rutgers University. Temkin’s research focuses on normative ethics and political philosophy, and his work has been highly influential, particularly his works Inequality (Oxford University press, 1993) and Rethinking the Good (Oxford University press, 2012).

Temkin received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Princeton University in 1983 under the supervision of Derek Parfit. He has previously taught at The University of Oxford and Harvard University. From 2000-2017, Temkin was professor of philosophy at Rutgers University, serving as chair of the department from 2014 to 2017.
Ortega (Jacksonville)
Ortega is a neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida, US. It is located south of downtown Jacksonville on a peninsula off the western bank of the St. Johns River. It is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Jacksonville, and is the location of many historic homes and buildings.

The peninsula containing Ortega is bounded by the St. Johns and Ortega Rivers, and is bisected by Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. Route 17); the area to the east of Roosevelt is known as Old Ortega, while the area to the west is known as Ortega Forest. On July 14, 2004, a section of Ortega to the east of 17 and north of Verona Boulevard was designated as the Old Ortega Historic District by the National Register of Historic Places.

Neighborhoods of Jacksonville
There are more than 500 neighborhoods within the area of Jacksonville, Florida, the largest city in the contiguous United States by area. These include Downtown Jacksonville and surrounding neighborhoods. Additionally, greater Jacksonville is traditionally divided into several major sections with amorphous boundaries: Northside, Westside, Southside, and Arlington, as well as the Jacksonville Beaches.

There are four municipalities within Duval County that are outside of Jacksonville's city limits: Baldwin, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Jacksonville Beach. The latter three communities, all located on a coastal barrier island, form part of the area known as the Jacksonville Beaches, together with Mayport within the Jacksonville city limits and Ponte Vedra Beach in St. Johns County.
Kalliopi, Greece
Kalliopi (Greek: Καλλιόπη) is a settlement in the municipal unit of Moudros, on the Greek island of Lemnos. It is situated in the eastern part of the island, 1 km southeast of Kontopouli and 1.5 km north of the lagoon Chortarolimni. The village's 3 km long beach is on the Keros Gulf. The gulf is east of the village and was an important port until the late Middle Ages. The name "Keros" meaning "horn" refers to its shape.

Kontopouli
Kontopouli (Greek: Κοντοπούλι) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Moudros in the northeastern part of the island of Lemnos, Greece. The community includes the small villages Agios Alexandros and Agios Theodoros. Its total area is 37.04 km2. Kontopouli is 1 km northwest of Kalliopi, 3 km east of Repanidi and 8 km northeast of Moudros.

There are several small farming settlements around Kontopouli. Most of them are presently uninhabited, but some date back to the Byzantine era. The most important of these is Agios Alexandros. Other villages are Dimosia, Agios Georgios Amniou (near the Alyki lake), Neftina (on the bay in the northwest where the Turkish manor of Haji Pasha was located), Agios Theodoros (also Saravari) and Geranos (also Ageranou).
Oscar Micheaux
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (US: /mɪˈʃoʊ/ ⓘ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race films, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century." He produced both silent films and sound films.

Deceit (1923 film)
Deceit (sometimes referred to as The Deceit) is a 1923 American silent black-and-white film. It is a conventional melodrama directed by Oscar Micheaux. Like many of Micheaux's films, Deceit casts clerics in a negative light.

The 1922 film The Hypocrite was shown within Deceit as a film within a film.
Lumnezia
Lumnezia is a valley region and a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss of canton of the Grisons. The former municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia. It covers the Val Lumnezia (German: Lugnez), a Swiss high alpine valley. Its upper regions are among the most remote areas in the Swiss Alps. The official language is Romansh.

In 1998, the village of Vrin was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.

Morissen
Morissen (Romansh: Murissen) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.  The municipalities of Cumbel, Degen, Lumbrein, Morissen, Suraua, Vignogn, Vella, and Vrin merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Lumnezia.
Line 2 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 2 (formerly branded as Shekou line) of the Shenzhen Metro runs West–East from Chiwan to Liantang. It opened on 28 December 2010. Line 2 merges into Line 8 at Liantang station, where trains continue service as Line 8 to Xichong station.

Line 8 (Shenzhen Metro)
Line 8 of the Shenzhen Metro (also known as the Yantian line) is an East-West line with 12 stations from Liantang to Xichong. It opened on 28 October 2020 between Liantang and Yantian Road, with a length of 12.367 km (7.7 mi) and a total of 7 stations. Line 8 is the first line to serve Yantian District. Line 8 merges into Line 2 at Liantang station, with trains on Line 8 continuing service to Chiwan station.

Phase 2 opened on 27 December 2023, which extended the line from Yantian Road to Xiaomeisha.

Phase 3 opened on 28 December 2025, which extended the line from Xiaomeisha to Xichong.
Knox Grammar School
Knox Grammar School is an independent Uniting Church day and boarding school for boys, located in Wahroonga, an Upper North Shore suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1924 by the Presbyterian Church of Australia as an all-boys school named after John Knox. The school has since grown, branching out into a large Senior School and a Preparatory School, enrolling approximately 2900 students. The school also caters for approximately 210 boarding students from Years 7 to 12.

Knox is affiliated with the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference, the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and is a founding member of the Combined Associated Schools (CAS).

Independent Primary School Heads of Australia
The Independent Primary School Heads of Australia (IPSHA) formerly Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), is an incorporated body representing the heads of independent primary schools in Australia. 
Officially established in September 1952, the Association is broken into state branches, with six offices across Australia. The organisation currently has a membership of nearly 380 Full Members, 60 Associate and Life Members and 23 Overseas Members. Combined, the member schools employ around 6,000 people, and are responsible for educating about 100,000 primary aged children.
Squire Reid
Squire Horace Reid (11 September 1887 – 29 July 1949) was an Australian politician.

Reid was born in Port Melbourne, Victoria to Captain John Robert Reid, a military officer from Greenock, Scotland, and Hannah Lory. He was educated in Annandale, New South Wales and Albert Park. In 1902, he was employed by the States Cigar Factory where he worked for 25 years until his election to parliament.

He held the seat of Oakleigh in the Victorian Legislative Assembly on two occasions, from 1927 to 1932, when he was defeated by James Vinton Smith, then after regaining the seat, from 1937 until 1947.

After his defeat by John Lechte in 1947, Reid worked as a cigar manufacturer, and was involved in sport administration, serving as president of the Victorian Football Association from 1947 until his death.

James Vinton Smith
James Taylor Vinton Smith, MC (3 November 1897 – 22 July 1952) was an Australian politician. He was the Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Oakleigh from 1932 to 1937, for the United Australia Party.
Kungursky District
Kungursky District (Russian: Кунгурский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Within the framework of municipal divisions, it is incorporated as Kungursky Municipal District. It is located in the southern central part of the krai and borders with the territories of the towns of krai significance of Chusovoy in the north and Lysva in the northeast, Beryozovsky, Suksunsky, and Kishertsky Districts in the east, Ordinsky and Uinsky Districts in the south, Bardymsky District in the southwest, Osinsky District in the west, and with Permsky District in the north. The area of the district is 4,416 square kilometers (1,705 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kungur (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:  42,450 (2010 Census); 46,332 (2002 Census); 47,949 (1989 Soviet census).

Osinsky District, Perm Krai
Osinsky District (Russian: Оси́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Osinsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the krai and borders with Permsky District in the north, Kungursky District in the east, Bardymsky District in the south, Yelovsky District in the southwest, Chastinsky District in the west, and with Okhansky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,057 square kilometers (794 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Osa. Population:  29,513 (2010 Census); 33,666 (2002 Census); 35,267 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Osa accounts for 71.8% of the district's total population.
Quad Cities Waterfront Convention Center
The  Quad Cities Waterfront Convention Center is a convention center located in Bettendorf, Iowa, United States.

The name for the facility in the development stages was the Bettendorf Events Center. A ground breaking ceremony for the center was held on October 6, 2006.  Construction was delayed in late 2006 because the project was $2 million over budget and the Isle of Capri, who was to operate the facility for the city, was completing a marketing study.  Once construction got underway it was completed in early 2009.

The facility contains 24,000 sq ft (2,200 m2) of space, which includes a 15,000 sq ft (1,400 m2) ballroom and eight private meeting rooms.   The convention center is owned by the city of Bettendorf and is operated by the Isle of Capri Casino & Hotel, which is connected by way of a skywalk.

Bettendorf, Iowa
Bettendorf is a city in Scott County, Iowa, United States. The population was 39,102 at the 2020 census. Bettendorf is one of the five cities that comprise the Quad Cities region along the Mississippi River. It is located adjacent to Davenport, Iowa, and across the river from Moline, East Moline, and Rock Island in Illinois. The Quad Cities metropolitan area had a population of 384,324 as of the 2020 census.
Little Lost Robot
"Little Lost Robot" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the March 1947 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted in the collections I, Robot (1950), The Complete Robot (1982), Robot Dreams (1986), and Robot Visions (1990).

"Little Lost Robot" was adapted by Leo Lehman for the 1962 ABC Weekend TV anthology television series Out of This World, which also marks the first appearance of Susan Calvin, played by Maxine Audley, in TV and movies. It is the only episode of this series that survives in the archives today. It is available on DVD in region 2 from the British Film Institute.

Elements of "Little Lost Robot" appear in the film I Robot (2004), an otherwise original story using Asimov's brand. The story was broadcast as episode three of a five-part 15 Minute Drama radio adaptation of Asimov's stories on BBC Radio 4 in February 2017.

I, Robot
I, Robot is a fixup collection of science fiction short stories by American writer Isaac Asimov. The stories originally appeared in the American magazines Super Science Stories and Astounding Science Fiction between 1940 and 1950. In 1950, the stories were compiled into a single publication by Gnome Press, in an initial edition of 5,000 copies.

In 1982, all the short stories, minus the frame story, were included in The Complete Robot.
Squash (sport)
Squash, sometimes called squash rackets, is a racket sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow, rubber ball. The players alternate striking the ball with their rackets, directing it onto the playable surfaces of the four walls of the court. The object of the game is to hit the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return. There are about 20 million people who play squash regularly worldwide in over 185 countries. The governing body of squash, World Squash, is recognized by the International Olympic Committee, and the sport will be included in the Olympic Games, starting in the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. The Professional Squash Association (PSA) organizes the pro tour.

British Open Squash Championships
The British Open Squash Championships is the oldest 'open' tournament in the game of squash (open to both professional and amateur players). It is widely considered to be one of the two most prestigious tournaments in the game, alongside the World Squash Championships.

Until the establishment of the World Squash Championships (which was originally called the World Open) in 1976, the British Open was considered to be the de facto world championship of the sport.

The British Open Squash Championships are often referred to as the "Wimbledon of Squash".
High Voltage (professional wrestling)
High Voltage was a tag team in World Championship Wrestling between 1996 and 1998. The team consisted of Robbie Rage and Kenny Kaos. The team regularly appeared on WCW Saturday Night and WCW World Wide. They were not successful on WCW Monday Nitro. They also feuded with nWo Japan in New Japan Pro-Wrestling.

Scott Armstrong (wrestler)
Joseph Scott James (born May 4, 1961) is an American wrestling referee producer, former referee and retired professional wrestler better known as Scott Armstrong, who is currently signed to Diamond Championship Wrestling. He worked for WWE. James is the oldest son of Bob Armstrong and has three brothers who became wrestlers, Brad, Steve and Brian.
Pedagogy of Hope
Pedagogy of Hope: Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Portuguese: Pedagogia da Esperança: Um reencontro com a Pedagogia do Oprimido) is a 1992 book written by Paulo Freire that contains his reflections and elaborations on his previous book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, with a focus on hope. It was first published in Portuguese in 1992 and was translated into English in 1994 by Robert Barr, with notes from Freire's widow Ana Maria Araújo Freire.

Paulo Freire
Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and Marxist philosopher whose work revolutionized global thought on education. He is best known for Pedagogy of the Oppressed, in which he reimagines teaching as a collaborative act of liberation rather than transmission. A founder of critical pedagogy, Freire’s influence spans literacy movements, liberation theology, postcolonial education, Marxism, and contemporary theories of social justice and learning. He is widely regarded as one of the most important educational theorists of the twentieth century, alongside figures such as John Dewey and Maria Montessori, and considered "the Grandfather of Critical Theory".
1996 Texas Rangers season
The 1996 Texas Rangers season was the 36th of the Texas Rangers franchise overall, their 25th in Arlington as the Rangers, and their 3rd season at The Ballpark in Arlington. The Rangers finished first in the American League West with a record of 90 wins and 72 losses.  It would be the first postseason appearance for the Senators/Rangers in franchise history, taking 36 seasons to finally accomplish the feat. This remains the longest amount of time it has ever taken any North American professional sports franchise to make their first playoff appearance. The Rangers would win their first post-season game at Yankee Stadium against the New York Yankees, but would lose the last three games to lose the ALDS. The one postseason win would be the club's only post-season success until 2010.

Choctaw Stadium
Choctaw Stadium, formerly Globe Life Park, is a multi-purpose stadium in Arlington, Texas, United States. The venue opened in April 1994 as a baseball stadium with the name The Ballpark in Arlington, serving as the home for the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball from 1994 through 2019. It replaced the nearby Arlington Stadium, and was succeeded by Globe Life Field.

In 2020, the stadium was retrofitted for football and soccer. It is the current home of the North Texas SC of MLS Next Pro (FC Dallas's reserve team), and the Arlington Renegades of the UFL.

On August 25, 2021, Choctaw Casinos & Resorts bought the naming rights to the stadium.
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2014
This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2014 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ. The chart includes six albums by New Zealand artists, including two albums by brother-sister duo Broods. The chart also includes 13 albums that featured in the New Zealand top 50 albums of 2013. The 2014 chart was the first to include online streaming as well as sales data.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.
Winsor Harmon
Winsor Harmon (born November 22, 1963) is an American actor best known for his role as Thorne Forrester on the American soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. He took over the role from Jeff Trachta in December 1996 and stayed with the show for 20 years. He briefly returned to the role in March 2022 and in December 2023.

Jeff Trachta
Jeff Trachta (born October 6, 1960, in Staten Island, New York) is an American actor and singer, best known for portraying Thorne Forrester on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful from 1989 to 1996. He was the second of four actors to play this role; he was preceded by Clayton Norcross and succeeded by Winsor Harmon. In June 2008, Trachta was seen performing on the Holland America ship, M.S. Amsterdam heading to Alaska. He appeared in the twelfth season of America's Got Talent as "The Singing Trump", impersonating President Donald Trump. He advanced past auditions receiving three "yes" votes from the judges. However, he was eliminated in the quarterfinals.
Isthmus of Ofqui
The Isthmus of Ofqui is a narrow isthmus that connects the Taitao Peninsula with the Chilean mainland. The isthmus is bounded in the south by the Gulf of Penas, in the north by the San Rafael Lagoon, in the west by the Taitao Peninsula and in the east by the Northern Patagonia Ice Field.

Much of the swampy isthmus is drained by San Tadeo River that flows in SSW direction to the Gulf of San Esteban.

Geologically it is considered the southern end of the Chilean Central Valley, and the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault. The Isthmus of Ofqui lies close to the Chile Triple Junction where the Nazca Plate, the South American Plate, and the Antarctic Plate meet.

Gulf of San Esteban
The Gulf of San Esteban (Spanish: Golfo de San Esteban) is an embayment in Aysén Region in the Chilean part of Patagonia. The gulf forms a northeastern subembayment of the larger Gulf of Penas and to the northwest it bounds the Bay of San Quintín. The Gulf of San Esteban lies southwest of Forelius Peninsula (part of the larger Taitao Peninsula), southwest of Isthmus of Ofqui and north of San Javier Island.

46°56′35″S 74°13′12″W﻿ / ﻿46.942977°S 74.219955°W﻿ / -46.942977; -74.219955
Emil Fischer
Hermann Emil Louis Fischer FRS FRSE FCS (German pronunciation: [ˈeːmiːl ˈfɪʃɐ] ⓘ; 9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He also developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He also hypothesized lock and key mechanism of enzyme action. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Emil Fischer.

Barbital
Barbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid (hypnotic) from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid; hence, the sodium salt is known also as sodium diethylbarbiturate.