hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sivrice
Sivrice (Zaza-Turkish) is a town of Elazığ Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Sivrice District. Sivrice is on the shore of Lake Hazar. Its population is 3,645 (2021).

Kurds of the Şadiyan tribe are present in the town.

Lake Hazar
Lake Hazar  (Turkish: Hazar Gölü; Kurdish: Gola Hezarê; Armenian: Ծովք լիճ, romanized: Covk‘ lič) is a rift lake in the Taurus Mountains, 22 km southeast of Elazığ, notable as the source of the Tigris. Formerly known as Lake Geoljuk, the lake was used as an execution site during the Armenian genocide.
Al-Salameh, Syria
al-Salameh (Arabic: السلامة, romanized: al-Salāmah), originally Suji (Turkish: Sucu) is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located on the Queiq Plain, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northeast of Azaz, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 2 km (1.2 mi) south of the Bab al-Salameh Border Crossing to the Turkish province of Kilis. The village is inhabited by Turkmen.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include Nayarah 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east, and Shamarikh 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northeast. In the 2004 census, Bab al-Salameh had a population of 1,408.

Nayarah
Nayarah (Arabic: نيارة), alternatively spelled Niyarah, is a village in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. It is located at 37.14439 36.43264 on the Queiq Plain, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Azaz, 40 km (25 mi) north of the city of Aleppo, and 4 km (2.5 mi) south of the border with the Turkish province of Kilis.

The village administratively belongs to Nahiya Azaz in Azaz District. Nearby localities include al-Salameh 3 km (1.9 mi) to the west and Tatiyah 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the north. In the 2004 census, Nayarah had a population of 1,337.

During the Roman Empire  Nayarah/Nijar was a civitas of the Roman Province of Syria, known as Niara.
Dijana Čuljak
Dijana Čuljak (born 12 February 1968) is a Croatian television host. She began to work as a reporter for Croatian Radiotelevision during the Croat–Bosniak War. She was also an editor of Otvoreno talk show. Today she is a news editor on Croatian Radiotelevision. Her role in Vranica Case is by many Bosniaks and Croats considered controversial. Vranica case was a massacre committed by Croatian forces during the HVO attack on Bosniak population in Mostar in May 1993.

Vranica massacre
The Vranica massacre was the killing of 13 Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBIH) prisoners of war on 10 May 1993 by the Croatian Defence Council (HVO), during the Bosnian War.

Two reporters from Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT), Dijana Čuljak and Smiljko Šagolj, made a television report about captured men in which both of them claimed that men were actually arrested terrorists who victimized Croat civilians, while recording them on tape as they were standing lined up at gun point in front of the building of former "Vranica" state company.

These two controversial journalists are still blamed by the families of victims in Vranica Case, for inciting massacre of Bosnian POWs' after broadcasting a false report.

The bodies of Bosnian POWs' were later found in Goranci Mass Grave.
Power Macintosh 6100
The Power Macintosh 6100 (also sold as the Performa 6110 – 6118 and the Workgroup Server 6150) is a personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from March 1994 to March 1996. It is the first computer from Apple to use the new PowerPC processor created by IBM and Motorola. The pizza-box case was inherited from the Centris/Quadra 610 and 660AV models, and replaced the Macintosh Quadra series that used the Motorola 68040 processor, Apple's previous high-end workstation line.

For the consumer market, the 6100 was re-branded as a Macintosh Performa with model numbers in the 6110 – 6118 range denoting bundled software and hard drive sizes. An Apple Multiple Scan 15 Display and AppleDesign Keyboard were included as part of the package.  For the server market, a variant was offered with additional server software, called the Apple Workgroup Server 6150.

The 6100 was discontinued without a direct replacement.

Processor direct slot
A processor direct slot (PDS) is a slot incorporated into many older Macintosh models that allowed direct access to the signal pins of a CPU, similar to the functionality of a local bus in PCs. This would result in much higher speeds than having to go through a bus layer, such as NuBus, which typically ran at a slower 10 MHz speed.
Clovis II
Clovis II (633 – 657) was King of the Franks in Neustria and Burgundy, having succeeded his father Dagobert I in 639. His brother Sigebert III had been King of Austrasia since 634. He was initially under the regency of his mother Nanthild until her death in her early thirties in 642. Nanthild's death allowed Clovis to fall under the influence of the secular magnates, who reduced the royal power in their own favour; first Aega and then Erchinoald. The Burgundian mayor of the palace Flaochad used him to lure his rival, Willebad, to a battle in Autun, in which Willebad was killed.

Nanthild
Nanthild (c. 610 – 642), also known as Nantéchilde, Nanthechilde, Nanthildis, Nanthilde, or Nantechildis, was a Frankish queen consort and regent, the third of many consorts of Dagobert I, king of the Franks (629–639). She was regent during the minority of her son from 639 until 642.
Mixed-NOCs at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Teams made up of athletes representing different National Olympic Committees (NOCs), called mixed-NOCs teams, participated in the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics. These teams participated in either events composed entirely of mixed-NOCs teams, or in events which saw the participation of mixed-NOCs teams and non-mixed-NOCs teams. When a mixed-NOCs team won a medal, the Olympic flag was raised rather than a national flag; if a mixed-NOCs team won gold, the Olympic anthem would be played instead of national anthems. A total of 6 events with Mixed NOCs were held.

Ukraine at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics
Ukraine competed at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics in Lausanne, Switzerland from 9 to 22 January 2020.

Yulianna Tunytska (luge) represented Ukraine at the 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics. Artem Darenskyi (figure skating) and Anton Korchuk (ski jumping) qualified to represent Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Vitalii Mandzyn (biathlon), Oleksandr Lisohor and Anastasiia Nikon (both — cross-country skiing), Bohdan Babura and Oleksandra Mokh (both — luge) represented Ukraine at the 2026 Winter Olympics.
3rd arrondissement of Parakou
The 3rd arrondissement of Parakou is an arrondissement in the Borgou Department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Parakou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 37,060.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Fraserburgh United F.C.
Fraserburgh United Football Club is a Scottish football club from the town of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, it currently plays in the North of Scotland Football League. Founded in 1976, United is the smaller of the local teams after Fraserburgh F.C. of the Highland League. Based at College Park, the Club colours are tangerine and black.

Fraserburgh
Fraserburgh (/ˈfreɪzərbərə/; Scottish Gaelic: Baile nam Frisealach), locally known as the Broch, is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, with a population recorded in the 2011 Census as 13,100. It lies in Buchan in the northeastern corner of the county, about 40 miles (64 km) north of Aberdeen and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterhead. It is the biggest shellfish port in Scotland and one of the largest in Europe, landing over 5,450 tonnes (5,360 long tons; 6,010 short tons) in 2016. Fraserburgh is also a major port for white and pelagic fish.
Taft equation
The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in  the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for organic compounds.  It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett equation.  While the Hammett equation accounts for how field, inductive, and resonance effects influence reaction rates, the Taft equation also describes the steric effects of a substituent.  The Taft equation is written as:

where  is the ratio of the rate of the substituted reaction compared to the reference reaction, ρ* is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to polar effects, σ* is the polar substituent constant that describes the field and inductive effects of the substituent, δ is the sensitivity factor for the reaction to steric effects, and Es is the steric substituent constant.

Physical organic chemistry
Physical organic chemistry, a term coined by Louis Hammett in 1940, refers to a discipline of organic chemistry that focuses on the relationship between chemical structures and reactivity, in particular, applying experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of organic molecules. Specific focal points of study include the rates of organic reactions, the relative chemical stabilities of the starting materials, reactive intermediates, transition states, and products of chemical reactions, and non-covalent aspects of solvation and molecular interactions that influence chemical reactivity. Such studies provide theoretical and practical frameworks to understand how changes in structure in solution or solid-state contexts impact reaction mechanism and rate for each organic reaction of interest.
Srednji Salaš
Srednji Salaš (Serbian Cyrillic: Средњи Салаш) is a village in Serbia. It is situated in the Bačka Topola municipality, in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 172 people (2002 census).

Bačka Topola
Bačka Topola (Serbian: Бачка Топола, pronounced [bâːtʃkaː topǒla]; Hungarian: Topolya, pronounced [ˈtopojɒ]) is a town and municipality located in the North Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The municipality is composed of 23 local communities and, according to the 2022 census, has population of 26,228 while the town itself has 11,930 inhabitants. Four official languages are used in the municipality: Serbian, Hungarian, Rusyn, and Slovak.
Diapensiaceae
Diapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, which includes 15 species in 6 genera. The genera include Berneuxia Decne. (1 species), Diapensia L. (5 species), Galax Sims (1 species), Pyxidanthera Michx. (2 species), Shortia Torr. & A.Gray (4 species), and Schizocodon Siebold & Zucc. (2 species). Members of this family have little economic importance; however, some members are cultivated by florists.

Shortia
Shortia is a small genus of subshrubs or perennial herbs in the family Diapensiaceae. There are five species, four in Asia and one in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. They are found in mountainous areas, generally from 1,000–2,000 metres (3,300–6,600 ft) elevation. All have restricted ranges and are generally considered rare. Three of the species, S. galacifolia, S. soldanelloides, and S. uniflora are often cultivated. The genus was by Asa Gray named after botanist Charles Wilkins Short. In Gray's diary entry for April 8, 1839, he named the genus after Charles Wilkins Short because the plant was native to America in a region close to where Short lived, which was Kentucky. Short and Gray never met but they corresponded with one another frequently. Short never saw a live nor dried specimen of his namesake genus.
Clay Harvison
Clay Harvison (born September 25, 1980) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the lightweight division.  A professional competitor since 2006, Harvison has competed for the UFC, Bellator, and was a competitor on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos.

Ramsey Nijem
Pedro Ramsey Nijem (Arabic: رامزي نجم, born April 1, 1988) is an American retired mixed martial artist. A professional MMA competitor from 2008 to 2021, Nijem is perhaps best known for his 10-fight stint in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He was a finalist on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Lesnar vs. Team dos Santos and also competed in the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Whitfield Jack
George Whitfield Jack Jr. (July 10, 1906 – April 23, 1989) was a United States Army colonel during World War II, and was a United States Army Reserve major general. A member of the Democratic Party, he worked as an attorney in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Jack was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, the son of judge George W. Jack and brother of Wellborn Jack, a Louisiana representative. He was the cousin of William Pike Hall Sr., a Louisiana state senator, and was the uncle of Wellborn Jack Jr., an attorney in Shreveport, Louisiana, and Pike Hall Jr., an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court.

Wellborn Jack
Wellborn Jack, Sr. (November 27, 1907 – June 1, 1991), was an attorney from Shreveport, Louisiana, who was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Caddo Parish serving from 1940 to 1964. He finished in sixth place for five at-large seats in the general election held on March 3, 1964.
Akko Emirate
Akko Emirate is among the three emirates in Akko LGA, a long time emirate located in Kumo, Gombe State, The emir of the Kingdom is traditionally called "Lamido" from Fula, which means "Leader". The origin of the emirate is Gona, then relocated to Kumo later. The emirate is occupied by Fulani people|

Kumo, Nigeria
Kumo is a town in northeastern Nigeria and the administrative headquarters of Akko Local Government Area (LGA) in Gombe State. It lies approximately 40 kilometres southeast of Gombe, the state capital, along the Gombe–Yola road corridor. Kumo serves as both the largest urban settlement in Akko LGA and the seat of the Akko Emirate Council, a First-Class Emirate in Gombe State.

With a population estimated at over 150,000 people (2022 projection), Kumo is one of the most populous towns in Gombe State. The town is divided into four political wards—Kumo East, Kumo West, Kumo Centre, and Lambi (Kumo North)—which collectively make it the most populous bloc in Akko LGA.
Hîncești
Hîncești (Romanian pronunciation: [hɨnˈt͡ʃeʃtʲ]) is a city and municipality in Moldova.

Hîncești is situated on the Cogâlnic River, 33 km (21 mi) southwest of the Moldovan capital, Chișinău. Since 2003 it has been the seat of Hîncești District.

Grigory Kotovsky
Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky (Russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Кото́вский, Romanian: Grigore Kotovski; June 24 [O.S. June 12] 1881 – August 6, 1925) was a Soviet military officer and political activist, and participant in the Russian Civil War. He made a career from being a gangster and bank robber to eventually becoming a Red Army commander and member of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.
AFL Women's National Championship
The AFL Women's National Championship was the premier national and international competition in Women's Australian rules football. The championship was held every year between 1992 and 2007, and then biennially from 2009 to 2013.

The tournament was organised by the sport's governing body in Australia, Women's Football Australia (WFA), with the Australian Football League taking control of its operations in 2010.

Following the 2013 edition, the AFL shifted its focus to a series of branded exhibition matches from 2013 through 2016 before the ultimate formation of the AFL Women's (AFLW) league in 2017. This came alongside other associated competitions including the AFL Women's Under 18 Championships and the NAB League Girls; with this, the raison d'etre for the Championships and Women's Football Australia ceased to exist, and both ceased operations.

Women's Football Australia
Women's Football Australia (WFA) was the governing body for the sport of Women's Australian rules football in Australia between 1991 and its dissolution in 2015. The organisation coordinated the Women's National Championship throughout its existence.

In 2010, the AFL gained control over women's Australian rules football, and took over the operations of Women's Football Australia.

After the 2015 edition, the AFL arranged the 2016 Exhibition Series and announced the formation of the AFLW in September 2016, along with other associated competitions including the AFL Women's Under 18 Championships and the NAB League Girls: with this, the raison d'etre for Women's Football Australia and the Championship ceased to exist, and they were both dissolved.

Consequently, the leagues it ran were either dissolved and replaced by AFL-sanctioned leagues, or are now operated by the AFL or its state/territory level bodies.
Fjelberg Municipality
Fjelberg is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 79.5-square-kilometre (30.7 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965. The area is now part of Kvinnherad Municipality in the traditional district of Sunnhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the small village located on the island of Fjelbergøya where Fjelberg Church is located. Other villages in the municipality included Sæbøvik, Høylandsbygda, and Eidsvik.

Prior to its dissolution in 1965, the 79.5-square-kilometre (30.7 sq mi) municipality was the 440th largest by area out of the 525 municipalities in Norway. Fjelberg Municipality was the 370th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,250. The municipality's population density was 28.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Høylandsbygda
Høylandsbygda is a village in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern part of the island of Halsnøya. It is one of the largest urban areas on the island, just after Sæbøvik and Eidsvik. While originally one of the island's largest farming villages, today it is renowned for its position in Norwegian shipping industry.

Until 1964, the village was divided between two municipalities: Fjelberg Municipality and Skånevik Municipality, with the border running in parallel with today's main road called Slettanesveien. Since 1964, it has been part of Kvinnherad Municipality.
Land and Buildings Transaction Tax
Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) is a property tax in Scotland. It replaced the Stamp Duty Land Tax from 1 April 2015.

LBTT is a tax applied to residential and commercial land and buildings transactions (including commercial purchases and commercial leases) where a chargeable interest is acquired. Under the Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (Scotland) Act 2013 (asp 11), a land transaction must be notified to Revenue Scotland unless it falls within one of the exempt categories contained in the Act.

Revenue Scotland administers and collects LBTT with support from Registers of Scotland.

Property tax
A property tax (whose rate is expressed as a percentage or per mille, also called millage) is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property.

The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. This can be a national government, a federated state, a county or other geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.

Often a property tax is levied on real estate. It may be imposed annually or at the time of a real estate transaction, such as in real estate transfer tax. This tax can be contrasted with a rent tax, which is based on rental income or imputed rent, and a land value tax, which is a levy on the value of land, excluding the value of buildings and other improvements.

Under a property tax system, the government requires or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value.
Bali Padda
Bali Padda is a British-Indian businessman who was briefly the CEO of The Lego Group. Prior to this role, he was Lego's chief operations officer. He inherited the role of CEO from Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, who stepped down to lead the LEGO Brand Group in January 2017. He was the first non-Danish top-level executive to run the 84-year-old company.

Jørgen Vig Knudstorp
Jørgen Vig Knudstorp (born 21 November 1968) is a Danish businessman who is the Chairman of the Foundation and Supervisory Boards at IMD Business School since 1 January 2026. He currently serves as Deputy chair of the LEGO Foundation and chair of BrainPOP Education Inc. He is also lead independent director of Starbucks Corporation and a member of Nike’s Board of Directors.
Tai'an Village
Tai'an Village (Chinese: 泰安村) is the smallest village under the jurisdiction of Beiwan Town (北湾镇), Jingyuan County, Gansu. It has a total area of 5.1 square kilometres (2.0 sq mi), with 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) of roads. As of 2012, the village had 3,832 people in 987 households. Among them 82 are Communist Party members, 17 (20.73%) of those being women. Out of the 3,534 mǔ of land in the village, 157 were devoted to orchards and 955 to vegetable greenhouses; livestock in the village included 5,100 pigs, 1,760 sheep, and 196,400 chickens. Total annual grain production was 2,565 tonnes, while vegetable production was 5,727 tonnes. The per capita net income of farmers had reached 5,200 yuan by that year.

Jingyuan County, Gansu
Jingyuan (simplified Chinese: 靖远; traditional Chinese: 靖遠; pinyin: Jìngyuǎn) is a Chinese county in the east of Gansu province. It is under the administration of Baiyin prefecture, and consists of two separate tracts of territory to the north and south of Pingchuan district. The northern tract borders Ningxia to the north. The southern area consists of an irrigated area around the Yellow River and the northern area is semi-arid highlands.
John Hutton Balfour
John Hutton Balfour FRSE FRS FRCSE FLS MWS (15 September 1808 – 11 February 1884) was a Scottish botanist. Balfour became a Professor of Botany, first at the University of Glasgow in 1841, moving to the University of Edinburgh and also becoming the 7th Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Her Majesty's Botanist in 1845. He held these posts until his retirement in 1879. He was nicknamed Woody Fibre.

Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland—Edinburgh, Dawyck, Logan and Benmore—each with its own specialist collection. The RBGE's living collection consists of more than 13,302 plant species (34,422 accessions), whilst the herbarium contains in excess of 3 million preserved specimens.

The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is an executive non-departmental public body of the Scottish Government. The Edinburgh site is the main garden and the headquarters of the public body, which is led by Regius Keeper Dr Julia Knights.
Fan-tailed gerygone
The fan-tailed gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is found in New Caledonia and Vanuatu. The Rennell gerygone (G. citrina) of the Solomon Islands was formerly considered conspecific, but was split as a distinct species by the IOC in 2021.

Rennell gerygone
The Rennell gerygone (Gerygone citrina) is a species of bird in the family Acanthizidae.
It lives on Rennell Island. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the fan-tailed gerygone (Gerygone flavolateralis), but was split as a distinct species by the International Ornithologists' Union in 2021.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.