hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Urtica gracilis
Urtica gracilis, commonly known as the slender nettle, tall nettle, or American stinging nettle, is a perennial plant without woody stems that is well known for the unpleasant stinging hairs on its leaves and stems. It is native to much of the North American continent from Guatemala northwards and temperate areas of South America. It is easily confused with the visually very similar Eurasian species Urtica dioica and is still listed in some resources as a subspecies of this plant. However, genetic analysis and experiments show that they are genetically distinct.

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica, often known as common nettle, burn nettle, stinging nettle, nettle leaf, or just a nettle or stinger, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Urticaceae. Originally native to Europe, much of temperate Asia and western North Africa, it is now found worldwide.

The species is divided into six subspecies, five of which have many hollow stinging hairs called trichomes on the leaves and stems, which act like hypodermic needles, injecting histamine and other chemicals that produce a stinging sensation upon contact ("contact urticaria", a form of contact dermatitis).

The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and textile raw material in ancient (such as Saxon) and modern societies.
Jonah House
Jonah House is a faith-based community/commune in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, centered on the concept of "Nonviolence, resistance and community". It was founded in 1973 by a group that included Philip Berrigan (one of the Catonsville Nine), then a Catholic priest, and Elizabeth McAlister, formerly a Catholic nun. Jonah House is located on the grounds of St. Peter's Cemetery in West Baltimore south of Coppin Heights. The 22-acre (89,000 m2) cemetery was largely abandoned and overgrown, the community has devoted itself to restoring and maintaining it.

Jonah House has been specifically regarded as a prime example of a Catholic Worker House of Resistance.

The community's papers are held at the TriCollege Libraries.

Philip Berrigan
Philip Francis "Phil"  Berrigan SSJ (October 5, 1923 – December 6, 2002) was an American peace activist and Catholic priest with the Josephites. He engaged in nonviolent, civil disobedience in the cause of peace and nuclear disarmament and was often arrested.

In 1973, he married a former nun, Elizabeth McAlister. Both were subsequently excommunicated by the Catholic Church before being reinstated. For 11 years of their 29-year marriage they were separated by one or both serving time in prison.
Sulfur dichloride
Sulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SCl2. This cherry-red liquid is the simplest sulfur chloride and one of the most common, and it is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds. It is a highly corrosive and toxic substance, and it reacts on contact with water to form chlorine-containing acids.

Disulfur dichloride
Disulfur dichloride (or disulphur dichloride by the British English spelling) is the inorganic compound of sulfur and chlorine with the formula S2Cl2. It is an amber oily liquid.

Sometimes, this compound is incorrectly named sulfur monochloride (or sulphur monochloride by the British English spelling), the name implied by its empirical formula SCl.

S2Cl2 has the structure implied by the formula Cl−S−S−Cl, wherein the dihedral angle between the Cla−S−S and S−S−Clb planes is 85.2°. This structure is referred to as gauche, and is akin to that for H2O2. A rare isomer of S2Cl2 is S=SCl2 (thiothionyl chloride); this isomer forms transiently when S2Cl2 is exposed to UV-radiation (see thiosulfoxides).
BFW M.23
The BFW M.23, sometimes known as the Messerschmitt M 23, was a 1920s two-seat sporting aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt, and produced by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). Examples won several prestigious races in 1929 and 1930.

Siemens-Halske Sh 14
The Siemens-Halske Sh 14 was a seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine for aircraft produced in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. First run in 1928, it was rated at 93 kW (125 hp). It was briefly distributed in the United States by Ryan Aeronautical as the Yankee 7.
Shenyang J-11
The Shenyang J-11 (Chinese: 歼-11; NATO reporting name: Flanker-B+/Flanker-L), also known as Yinglong (simplified Chinese: 应龙; traditional Chinese: 應龍; pinyin: yìnglóng; lit. 'Responsive Dragon') is a 4th generation twin-engine jet fighter of the People's Republic of China derived from the Soviet-designed Sukhoi Su-27SK. It is manufactured by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC). The aircraft is operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF).

Shenyang WS-10
The Shenyang WS-10 (Chinese: 涡扇-10; pinyin: Wōshàn-10; lit. 'turbofan-10'), codename Taihang, is a turbofan engine designed and built by the People's Republic of China.

Chinese media reported 266 engines were manufactured from 2010 to 2012 for the J-11 program. Unofficial estimates placed production at more than 300 units by May 2015.
Ann Wyatt
Ann Wyatt (baptised 17 September 1742 – 25 August 1811), born Ann Jarrett, was an English philanthropist known for her significant bequests to charitable schools in Edmonton. Her life, marked by two marriages, eccentric personal habits, and a strong will, culminated in a notable act of philanthropy that established a new schoolroom for boys and supported girls' education.

All Saints' Church, Edmonton
All Saints' Church, Edmonton, is located in Church Street Edmonton, London, England. First recorded in the 12th century, it was entirely rebuilt in the 15th century and has undergone many modifications since.
We the South
We the South (Italian: Noi Sud, NS), whose complete name is Freedom and Autonomy - We the South (Italian: Libertà e Autonomia - Noi Sud), is a regionalist political party in Italy based in the Campania but seeking to represent the whole South.

People and Territory
People and Territory (Popolo e Territorio, PT), originally Responsible Initiative (Iniziativa Responsabile), was a centre-right parliamentary party active in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy in 2011–2013. Launched on 20 January 2011, the group was supportive of Berlusconi IV Cabinet. A large majority of its members were elected in Southern Italy. Its counterpart in the Senate was National Cohesion, which was composed mainly of splinters from Future and Freedom.

On 23 March 2011, Francesco Saverio Romano, a group member, was appointed minister of Agriculture. On 5 May 2011 Silvio Berlusconi appointed three under-secretaries from PT/IR: Giampiero Catone (Environment), Bruno Cesario and Catia Polidori (Economy and Finance).
Canadian Space Agency
The Canadian Space Agency (CSA; French: Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the national space agency of Canada, established in 1990 by the Canadian Space Agency Act.

The president is Lisa Campbell, who took the position on September 3, 2020. The agency is responsible to the minister of innovation, science and industry. The CSA's headquarters are located at the John H. Chapman Space Centre in Longueuil, Quebec. The agency also has offices in Ottawa, Ontario, and small liaison offices in Houston, Washington, and Paris.

Anik (satellite)
The Anik satellites are a series of geostationary communications satellites launched for Telesat Canada for television, voice and data in Canada and other parts of the world, from 1972 through 2013. Some of the later satellites in the series remain operational in orbit, while others have been retired to a graveyard orbit. The naming of the satellite was determined by a national contest, and was won by Julie-Frances Czapla of Saint-Léonard, Québec. In Inuktitut, Anik means "brother".
2013 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 2013 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships was the World Championship for cyclo-cross. It took place at Eva Bandman Park in Louisville, Kentucky, USA on Saturday, February 2, 2013. It was the first ever cyclo-cross world championship held outside of Europe. As in past years, four events were held. These world championships were mostly dominated by Belgium and Netherlands who, combined, won nine of the twelve possible medals and all of the gold medals.

UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships are the world championships for cyclo-cross organised by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Starting in 2022, seven events are organized each year – men's elite, women's elite, men's under 23, women's under 23, men's under 18 (Men's Juniors), women's under 18 (Women's Juniors) and a Mixed team relay event. In recent years, the mixed relay race is held on a Friday and the rest of the races on Saturday and Sunday after that.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. World champions wear their rainbow jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it.
Giovanni di San Paolo
Giovanni di San Paolo (died c. early 1215) was a Benedictine monk at San Paolo fuori le Muri in Rome. He was made cardinal deacon on 20 February 1193, then cardinal priest of Santa Prisca in May 1193 and finally cardinal bishop of Sabina at the end of 1204 (subscribed as bishop for the first time on 9 January 1205). He is often referred to as a member of the powerful Roman Colonna family, but modern scholars have established that this is based on a lie from the beginning of 16th century. More likely he was nephew of Celestine III and member of the Bobone family. He studied medicine at Amalfi.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Sabina–Poggio Mirteto
The Diocese of Sabina–Poggio Mirteto is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church (which means it carries the rare rank of cardinal-bishop) and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy in the Roman province of the Pope.
Kettering Buccleuch Academy
Kettering Buccleuch Academy is a mixed all-through school and sixth form located in Kettering in the English county of Northamptonshire. The school educates pupils from the age of 4 to 18.

The school was formed in 2009 from the merger of Avondale Infants School, Avondale Junior School and Montagu School (secondary). The name of the school refers to the Dukes of Buccleuch, who have had connections with Kettering stretching back for almost 500 years. The school moved into a new combined building on the former Montagu School site in 2013.

The school is an academy sponsored by United Learning, and offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while sixth form students can choose to study from range of A Levels and further BTECs.

United Learning
United Learning is a group of state-funded schools and fee-paying private schools operating in England. United Learning is the trading name for United Church Schools Trust (UCST) and United Learning Trust (ULT). It is one of the largest 10 charities with the most employees in the UK, with central offices in Peterborough, London and Salford. It is governed by a board of trustees and run by an executive team. In 2012, ULT and UCST rebranded to operate under one name, United Learning. They legally remain as two separate charities.
GL-II-73
GL-II-73 (GL-ii-073) is a benzodiazepine derivative related in chemical structure to compounds such as midazolam and adinazolam. It is described as an α5 preferring positive allosteric modulator of the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors, with weaker activity at α2 and α3 and no significant affinity for the α1 subtype. In animal tests it was found to produce effects consistent with antidepressant, anxiolytic and nootropic actions. It is now being researched as a potential treatment agent for Alzheimer's disease.

Adinazolam
Adinazolam (marketed under the brand name Deracyn) is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant properties. Adinazolam was developed by Jackson B. Hester, who was seeking to enhance the antidepressant properties of alprazolam, which he also developed. Adinazolam was never FDA approved and never made available to the public market; however, it has been sold as a designer drug.
1897 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1897 Michigan Wolverines football team was an American football team that represented the University of Michigan in the 1897 Western Conference football season. In its first season under head coach Gustave Ferbert, the team compiled a 6–1–1 record (2–1 against conference opponents), finished third in the Western Conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 166 to 31.

The team suffered its first setback with a scoreless tie against Ohio Wesleyan in the second game of the season.  The season also featured the first game between Michigan and Ohio State, with Michigan winning the game by a score of 34 to 0. Michigan won its first two Western Conference games against Purdue (34–4) and Minnesota (14–0), but lost the final game of the season to Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons by a score of 21 to 12.

The team captain was halfback James R. Hogg. Hogg also led the team in scoring with 56 points on six touchdowns (four points each) and 16 goals from touchdown (two points each).

1897 Ohio Wesleyan football team
The 1897 Ohio Wesleyan football team represented Ohio Wesleyan University as an independent during the 1897 college football season. The team compiled a record of 7–1–1, played Michigan to a scoreless tie, defeated Ohio State by a 6–0 score, shut out six of nine opponents, and outscored all opponents by a combined score of 144 to 32. Fielding H. Yost was the team's football coach and also played for the team at the tackle position.  The 1897 season was Yost's first as an intercollegiate football coach. Yost remained at Ohio Wesleyan only one year and later served as the football coach at Nebraska (1898), Kansas (1899), and Stanford (1900), before beginning a lengthy career as the head football coach at Michigan.
Northolt Park railway station
Northolt Park railway station is a National Rail station in Northolt, Greater London.  It is in Cadogan Close and spans the boundary between the London Borough of Harrow and the London Borough of Ealing, with a footbridge connecting the north side (leading to Roxeth and South Harrow) to the south side (leading to Northolt and Greenford). South Harrow Tube Station on the Piccadilly line is 0.7 miles (1.1 km) by foot from Northolt Park Station. Northolt Underground station on the Central line is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) away and is accessible by the 140 and SL9 buses from Northolt Road.

Northolt
Northolt is a town in West London, England, spread across both sides of the A40 trunk road. It is 11 mi (17.7 km) west-northwest of Charing Cross and is one of the seven major towns that make up the London Borough of Ealing. It had a population of 30,304 at the 2011 UK census.
Næstved
Næstved (Danish pronunciation: [ˈnestve̝ð]) is a town in the municipality of the same name, located in the southern part of the island of Zealand in Denmark.

Næstved has several adult education centers, five elementary schools - and has at least one of each type of the four upper-second-level education centers. The city has the largest high school in Denmark, Næstved Gymnasium & HF.

Herman A. Kähler
Herman August Kähler, usually known as Herman A. Kähler, (6 March 1846 – 16 November 1917) was a Danish ceramic designer and manufacturer who ran the Kähler ceramic factory (Kählers Keramiske Værksted) in Næstved, Denmark. His daughter Sigrid married the painter L.A. Ring.
Computer University, Sittwe
University of Computer Studies in Sittway (UCSS) is located in Pyitawthar quarter, Sittwe, Rakhine State, Myanmar. It was formerly opened as Government Computer College on 1 October 2001, and upgraded to university level on 20 January 2007. Professor Dr. Zaw Tun (PhD (IT)) is the principal of the UCSS. In 2018, there were over 300 students at the university.

Sittwe
Sittwe  (Burmese: စစ်တွေမြို့, MLCTS: cac twe mrui., Burmese pronunciation: [sɪʔtwè mjo̰]), formerly Akyab (Burmese: အာကျပ်, MLCTS: a kyap), is the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma). Sittwe is located on an estuarial island created at the confluence of the Kaladan, Mayu, and Lay Mro rivers emptying into the Bay of Bengal. As of 2019 the city has an estimated population of over 120,000 inhabitants. It is the administrative seat of Sittwe Township and Sittwe District.
Vertebrate visual opsin
Vertebrate visual opsins are a subclass of ciliary opsins and mediate vision in vertebrates. They include the opsins in human rod and cone cells. They are often abbreviated to opsin, as they were the first opsins discovered and are still the most widely studied opsins.

Visual phototransduction
Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina. A photon is absorbed by a retinal chromophore (each bound to an opsin), which initiates a signal cascade through several intermediate cells, then through the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) comprising the optic nerve.
Rancho Los Coyotes
Rancho Los Coyotes was a  48,806-acre (197.51 km2) 1834 Mexican land grant resulting from the partition of the Rancho Los Nietos grant, in present-day southeastern Los Angeles County and northwestern Orange County, California.  The rancho lands include the present-day cities of Cerritos, La Mirada, Artesia, Stanton, and Buena Park.

Cerritos, California
Cerritos (/səˈriːtoʊz/; Spanish for "Little hills") is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, and is one of several cities that constitute the Gateway Cities of southeast Los Angeles County. It was incorporated on April 24, 1956. As of 2020, the population was 49,578. It is part of the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, California Metropolitan Statistical Area designated by the Office of Management and Budget.
You Chung Hong
You Chung Hong (Chinese: 洪耀宗; pinyin: Hóng Yàozōng; May 4, 1898 – November 8, 1977) was an American attorney and community leader who was the second Chinese American lawyer admitted to practice law in the state of California, having passed the bar examination in 1923 before he became the first Chinese American graduate of the University of Southern California Law School. Chan Chung Wing was the first Chinese American to become a member of the California Bar in 1918.  Hong played a major role in the development of Chinatown in Los Angeles, helping rebuild the community after it was relocated to accommodate the construction of Union Station in the 1930s.

Chinatown, Los Angeles
Chinatown is a neighborhood in downtown Los Angeles, California, that became a commercial center for Chinese and other Asian businesses in Central Los Angeles in 1938. The area includes restaurants, shops, and art galleries, but also has a residential neighborhood with a low-income, aging population of about 7,800 residents.

The original Chinatown developed in the late 19th century, and was demolished to make room for Union Station, the city's major ground-transportation center. This neighborhood and commercial center, referred to as "New Chinatown," opened for business in 1938.
Foxes (singer)
Louisa Rose Allen (born 29 April 1989), known professionally as Foxes, is an English pop singer. After her debut single "Youth" was noticed by German DJ Zedd in 2012, she was featured on the song "Clarity", which peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording. She has since released three albums: Glorious (2014), All I Need (2016), The Kick (2022) as well as two EPs: Warrior (2012) and Friends in the Corner (2021). She has achieved commercial success with the singles  "Youth", "Let Go for Tonight", "Holding onto Heaven", "Body Talk", and "Amazing".

Youth (Foxes song)
"Youth" is the debut solo single by English singer and songwriter Foxes. Initially released as a 7" single through Neon Gold on 16 January 2012, the song was later re-released digitally in the United States on 20 August 2013 and sent to top 40 radio in the United Kingdom on 2 October 2013 as the lead single from her debut studio album Glorious (2014). The song was written by Allen and Jonny Harris, with production from the latter. The song has topped the US Hot Dance Club Songs and peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart.
Heuweiler
Heuweiler is a village in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg near Freiburg in southern Germany.

The village has to a large extent retained its rural character. Whereas many communities in the vicinity of Freiburg have grown rapidly in recent decades a slow, organic change occurred in Heuweiler.

Gundelfingen
Gundelfingen (German pronunciation: [ˈɡʊndl̩ˌfɪŋən] ⓘ; Low Alemannic: Gundelfinge) is a municipality directly north of the city Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Gundelfingen is one of the larger municipalities in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district. It consists of the old place Gundelfingen and the village Wildtal, which was included in the municipality in the 1970s.
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is an organic compound with the formula C10H7CH2CO2H. This colorless solid is soluble in organic solvents. It features a carboxylmethyl group (CH2CO2H) linked to the "1-position" of naphthalene.

Plant hormone
Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book.

Phytohormones occur across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions to those seen in vascular plants ("higher plants"). Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites.
Visual cortex
The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. It is located in the occipital lobe. Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. The extrastriate areas consist of visual areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 (also known as V2, V3, V4, and V5, or Brodmann area 18 and all Brodmann area 19).

Both hemispheres of the brain include a visual cortex; the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field.

Motion perception
Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. Although this process appears straightforward to most observers, it has proven to be a difficult problem from a computational perspective, and difficult to explain in terms of neural processing.

Motion perception is studied by many disciplines, including psychology (i.e. visual perception), neurology, neurophysiology, engineering, and computer science.