hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stockholm School (economics)
The Stockholm School (Swedish: Stockholmsskolan) is a school of economic thought. It refers to a loosely organized group of Swedish economists that worked together, in Stockholm, Sweden primarily in the 1930s.

The Stockholm School had come to the same conclusions about theories of demand and supply as John Maynard Keynes. Like Keynes, they were inspired by the works of Knut Wicksell, a Swedish economist active in the early years of the twentieth century.

William Barber's comment upon Gunnar Myrdal's work on monetary theory goes like this:

"If his contribution had been available to readers of English before 1936, it is interesting to speculate whether the 'revolution' in macroeconomic theory of the depression decade would be referred to as 'Myrdalian' as much as 'Keynesian'”

History of economic thought
The history of economic thought is the study of the philosophies of the different thinkers and theories in the subjects that later became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day.

This field encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Ancient Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the art of wealth acquisition, and questioned whether property is best left in private or public hands. In the Middle Ages, Thomas Aquinas argued that it was a moral obligation of businesses to sell goods at a just price.

In the Western world, economics was not a separate discipline, but part of philosophy until the 18th–19th century Industrial Revolution and the 19th century Great Divergence, which accelerated economic growth.
Cadgee, South Australia
Cadgee is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east within the Limestone Coast region about 280 kilometres (170 miles) south east of the state capital of Adelaide and about 18 kilometres (11 miles) north of the municipal seat of Naracoorte.

Boundaries were created in April 2001 for the “long established name.”

The majority land use within the locality is primary production.  A parcel of land at the locality’s western end was proclaimed in 1972 as a protected area known as the Grass Tree Conservation Park.

Cadgee is located within the federal division of Barker, the state electoral district of MacKillop and the local government area of the Naracoorte Lucindale Council.

Naracoorte Lucindale Council
The Naracoorte Lucindale Council is a local government area in the Australian state of South Australia located in the Limestone Coast region in the south-east of the state adjacent to the Victorian border.

It was created on 1 December 1998 following the amalgamation of the District Council of Naracoorte and the District Council of Lucindale.

The districts economy is agricultural based, with cereal crops, sheep and beef predominantly farmed. It has a substantial tourist industry as well, with the Naracoorte Caves, Wonambi Fossil Centre and the seasonal Bool and Hacks Lagoons Wetlands being the main attractions.
Olyokminsky District
Olyokminsky District (Russian: Олёкминский улу́с; Yakut: Өлүөхүмэ улууһа, Ölüöxüme uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the republic and borders with Verkhnevilyuysky  District in the north, Gorny and Khangalassky Districts in the northeast, Aldansky District in the east, Neryungrinsky District in the southeast, Zabaykalsky Krai in the southwest, Irkutsk Oblast and Lensky District in the west, and with Suntarsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 160,800 square kilometers (62,100 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Olyokminsk. Population: 26,785 (2010 Census); 27,563 (2002 Census); 30,938 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Olyokminsk accounts for 35.4% of the district's total population.

Aldansky District
Aldansky District (Russian: Алда́нский улу́с; Yakut: Алдан улууһа, Aldan uluuha, [aldan uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia.
Nitronium tetrafluoroborate
Nitronium tetrafluoroborate is an inorganic compound with formula NO2BF4. It is a salt of nitronium cation and tetrafluoroborate anion. It is a colorless crystalline solid, which reacts with water to form the corrosive acids HF and HNO3. As such, it must be handled under water-free conditions. It is sparsely soluble in many organic solvents.

Tetrafluoroborate
Tetrafluoroborate is the anion BF−4. This tetrahedral species is isoelectronic with tetrafluoroberyllate (BeF2−4), tetrafluoromethane (CF4), and tetrafluoroammonium (NF+4) and is valence isoelectronic with many stable and important species including the perchlorate anion, ClO−4, which is used in similar ways in the laboratory. It arises by the reaction of fluoride salts with the Lewis acid BF3, treatment of tetrafluoroboric acid with base, or by treatment of boric acid with hydrofluoric acid.
Doris Speed
Doris Speed (3 February 1899 – 16 November 1994) was an English actress, best known for her role as landlady of the Rovers Return Inn and later mayor of the fictional Weatherfield, Annie Walker, on the British television soap opera Coronation Street. Speed was one of the original cast members and played this role from the programme's first episode in 1960 until her departure in 1983.

Tony Warren
Anthony McVay Simpson (8 July 1936 – 1 March 2016), writing under the pen name Tony Warren, was an English television screenwriter and actor, best known for creating the ITV soap opera Coronation Street. He also worked on other television dramas and wrote critically acclaimed novels.
Caladium bicolor
Caladium bicolor, called Heart of Jesus, is a species in the genus Caladium from Latin America. It is grown as a houseplant for its large, heart or lance-shaped leaves with striking green, white, pink, and red blotching. Hundreds of cultivars are available. (See List of Caladium cultivars.) It can be planted outside in USDA Hardiness Zone 10 as an ornamental. It is a problematic invasive species in Trinidad and Tobago, Guam, Micronesia, Palau, Hawaii and the Philippines, and naturalized populations can be found in most of the rest of the world's tropics, including Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia and Malesia.

Caladium
Caladium (/kəˈleɪdiəm/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. They are often known by the common name elephant ear (which they share with the closely related genera Alocasia, Colocasia, and Xanthosoma), heart of Jesus, and angel wings. There are over 1000 named cultivars of Caladium bicolor from the original South American plant.

The genus Caladium includes seven species that are native to South America and Central America, and naturalized in India, parts of Africa, and various tropical islands. They grow in open areas of the forest and on the banks of rivers and go dormant during the dry season. The wild plants grow to 15–35 inches (40–90 cm) tall, with leaves mostly 6-18 inches (15–45 cm) long and broad.
Tamagawa Station (Iwate)
Tamagawa Station (玉川駅, Tamagawa-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the town of Hirono, Kunohe District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by  the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

Hirono, Iwate
Hirono (洋野町, Hirono-chō) is a town located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2024, the town had an estimated population of 14,906 in 6790 households, and a population density of 49 persons per km2 in 6,858 households. The total area of the town is  302.92 km2 (116.96 sq mi).
FM96 (Fiji)
FM96 is an English language - commercial radio station in Fiji. The station broadcasts on the 96.2 frequency to the cities of Suva, Navua, Nausori, Labasa, Savusavu, Nadi, Denarau, Mamanuca and Lautoka. The station also broadcasts on the 96 frequency to the towns of Coral Coast and Ba. The station broadcasts on 96.4 megahertz to Rakiraki and Nabouwalu.

It is operated by Communications Fiji Limited the company which also owns Radio Navtarang, Radio Sargam, Legend FM, and  Viti FM in Fiji.

FM96 was launched on July 5, 1985. The station is focusing more on a core market of westernized listeners under 25 years.

The music selection runs from 1999 until present. It plays a selection of RnB, hip-hop, rock, rap, pop, dance music and reggae, as well as local music. FM96 is also the only radio station in Fiji that carries AT40 with Ryan Seacrest.

Viti FM
Viti FM  is an iTaukei (Fijian) language - commercial radio station in Fiji. The station broadcasts on the 92 frequency to the cities of Suva, Navua, Nausori, Labasa, Savusavu, Nadi, Denarau, Mamanuca and Lautoka. The station also broadcasts on the 92 frequency to the towns of Coral Coast and Ba. The station broadcasts on 92 megahertz to the town of Tavua, and on 103 megahertz to Rakiraki and Nabouwalu.

It is operated by Communications Fiji Ltd, the company which also owns Radio Navtarang, Radio Sargam, Legend FM,  and FM96-Fiji in Fiji.

Viti FM was launched in 1996. The rival stations of Viti FM are Fiji Broadcasting Corporation owned Bula FM and Radio Fiji One.

The station is managed by Malakai Veisamasama.
Mischief Theatre
Mischief Theatre is a British theatre company that was founded in 2008 by a group of students from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in West London, and directed by Henry Lewis, Jonathan Sayer, and Henry Shields. The group originally began by doing improvised comedy shows, but by 2012, they expanded into comedic theatrical performances that include choreographed routines, jokes, and stunts.

The company is primarily known for their comedic performances as the fictional theatre company, The Cornley Polytechnic Drama Society, enacting amateur performances that go wrong. Works by the company includes the award-winning 2012 stage play The Play That Goes Wrong and the BBC television series The Goes Wrong Show. Several of the stage performances by the company have been shown in the West End of London, and also in theaters throughout the United Kingdom and across North America and Europe.

Duchess Theatre
The  Duchess Theatre is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster, London, located in Catherine Street near Aldwych.

The theatre opened on 25 November 1929 and is one of the smallest West End theatres with a proscenium arch. It has 494 seats on two levels. It is a Grade II Listed Building.

The Duchess Theatre was purchased in 2005 by Nica Burns and Max Weitzenhoffer forming part of the Nimax Theatres group.
New Tinsukia–Tambaram Express
New Tinsukia–Tambaram Weekly Express is a weekly Express train which connects New Tinsukia Junction railway station in Tinsukia, Assam, with and Tambaram in the South Indian metropolis of Chennai, Tamil Nadu via New Jalpaiguri , Malda Town , Rampurhat , Asansol. This train travels a total distance of 3175 km.

New Missamari railway station
New Missamari Railway Station is a railway station on Rangiya–Murkongselek section under Rangiya railway division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone. This railway station is situated at Missamari in Sonitpur district in the Indian state of Assam.
Minisail (dinghy)
The Minisail is a 13-foot single-handed dinghy which was designed by Ian Proctor in 1959 and became popular in the 1960s. It was the predecessor to the Topper and was the first British production boat to popularise the idea of the "sailing surfboard". As the Topper gained popularity in the 1980s, the Minisail disappeared from the scene.  However, on 28 August 2011, a group of enthusiasts restarted the Minisail Class Association, which now has a small but committed following mainly in north-west Europe. The class association website is Minisail.org

Ian Proctor
Ian Douglas Ben Proctor FRSA RDI (12 July 1918 – 23 July 1992) was a British designer of boats, both sailing dinghies and cruisers. He had more than one hundred designs to his credit, from which an estimate of at least 65,000 boats were built. His pioneering aluminium mast designs also revolutionised the sport of sailing.
Diocese of Fiesole
The Diocese of Fiesole (Latin: Dioecesis Fesulana) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Tuscany, central Italy, whose episcopal see is the city of Fiesole. Fiesole was directly subject to the pope until 1420, when the Archdiocese of Florence was created and Fiesole was made one of its suffragan bishoprics, which it still is today.

Fiesole Cathedral
Fiesole Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale di San Romolo, Duomo di Fiesole), officially the Cathedral of Saint Romulus of Fiesole, is a Roman Catholic cathedral  in Fiesole, Tuscany, central Italy. It is the seat of the Bishop of Fiesole and is dedicated to Saint Romulus.
Pherecydes of Leros
Pherecydes of Leros (Ancient Greek: Φερεκύδης) was, according to the Suda, an ancient Greek historian from the island of Leros. He is said to have lived "before the seventy-fifth Olympiad" (480–477 BC) and authored three works: On Leros (Περὶ Λέρου), On Iphigenia (Περὶ Ἰφιγενείας), and On the Festivals of Dionysus (Περὶ τῶν Διονύσου ἑορτῶν).

Although the Suda treats him as a distinct individual, some scholars believe he may be the same person as Pherecydes of Athens.

Pherecydes of Athens
Pherecydes of Athens (Ancient Greek: Φερεκύδης) (fl. c. 465 BC) was a Greek mythographer who wrote an ancient work in ten books, now lost, variously titled "Historiai" (Ἱστορίαι) or "Genealogiai" (Γενελογίαι). He is one of the authors (= FGrHist 3) whose fragments were collected in Felix Jacoby's Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker.

He is generally thought to be different from the sixth-century Pre-Socratic philosopher Pherecydes of Syros, who was sometimes mentioned as one of the Seven Sages of Greece and was reputed to have been the teacher of Pythagoras. Although the Suda considers them separately, he is possibly the same person as Pherecydes of Leros.
Sound symbolism
In linguistics, sound symbolism is the perceptual similarity between speech sounds and concept meanings. It is a form of linguistic iconicity. For example, the English word ding may sound similar to the actual sound of a bell.

Linguistic sound may be perceived as similar to not only sounds, but also to other sensory properties, such as size, vision, touch, or smell, or abstract domains, such as emotion or value judgment. Such correspondence between linguistic sound and meaning may significantly affect the form of spoken languages.

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Common onomatopoeias in English include animal noises such as oink, meow, roar, and chirp, among various other noise-based verbs and nouns such as beep, simmer, or hiccup. Among the many words that likely began as onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough.

Onomatopoeia tends to differ by language: it conforms to the broader linguistic system (conforming to its particular phonetic rules. Hence, the sound of a clock may be expressed variously across languages: as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (see photo),  dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or ṭik-ṭik in Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali.
Carlos Padilla (politician)
Carlos Mapili Padilla (Tagalog pronunciation: [paˈdilja]; September 19, 1944 – May 5, 2023) was a Filipino politician who served as the governor of Nueva Vizcaya from 2016 until his death in 2023. Padilla was elected to his first term as governor in 2016 and was re-elected in 2019 and 2022.

Dupax del Norte
Dupax del Norte, officially the Municipality of Dupax del Norte (Gaddang: Ili na Dupax del Norte; Ilocano: Ili ti Dupax del Norte; Tagalog: Bayan ng Hilagang Dupax), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 35,509 people.
Pasir Gudang
Pasir Gudang is a city located in eastern Johor Bahru District, Johor, which is the second largest district in Malaysia by population. The main industries are transportation and logistics, shipbuilding, petrochemicals and other heavy industries, and oil palm storage and distribution, which is located in Johor Port and Tanjung Langsat.

Tanjung Langsat
Tanjung Langsat is a main industrial area and port in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia.

An onshore oil terminal was constructed at the area, with a total oil-storage capacity of 530 000m³ installed by March 2010.
ATP Athens Open
The ATP Athens Open is a defunct Grand Prix and ATP Tour affiliated tennis tournament held annually in Athens in Greece from 1986 to 1994, played on outdoor clay courts at Athens Lawn Tennis Club. In 2008 the tournament was renewed under the new name of the Status Athens Open on the ATP Challenger Series, awarding $75,000 in prize money. The historical precursor event to this one was the Athens International Championships founded as the Greek International Championships in 1931, that ran as a combined men's and women's event until 1973. The men's tournament was revived one more time in 1981 then it was discontinued. It was also played at the Athens Lawn Tennis Club.

Athens Lawn Tennis Club
The Athens Lawn Tennis Club (Greek: Όμιλος Αντισφαίρισης Αθηνών) is a multi-sports club that is located in Athens, Greece. The club currently has departments in bridge, gymnastics, squash, and in men's, women's and youth tennis. The club hosted the tennis events of the 1896 Summer Olympics, as well as the tennis events of the 1906 Intercalated Games. In more modern times, the men's Athens Open (1986–1994) and the women's Athens Trophy (1986–1990) professional tournaments were held there.
Lake Gnangara
Lake Gnangara is the most southerly of the Wanneroo wetlands in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia.

The state government's Wetland Atlas defines the body of water as a lake. The surrounding terrain consists of low dunes and undulating sand plains. The lake is fed by ground water of the Gnangara Mound which is contained by a thin layer of clay.

Previous uses have included diatomaceous earth mining, which may have contributed to changes in the lake's characteristics and ecology. The area is now the subject of a conservation plan and management strategies, and protected from potential disturbance by mining activities.

The Lake reserve is an important part of the management of the mound.

The lake surroundings were the site of a long term Nyoongar camp as well as a Nyoongar community college.

Wanneroo wetlands
The Wanneroo wetlands are a series of wetlands, swamps and lakes that occur on the Swan Coastal Plain of Perth, Western Australia.  They are linked very closely to the Gnangara Mound.

They are in part, incorporated into the Yellagonga Regional Park and also referred to as Yellagonga wetlands.
Raymond of Poitiers
Raymond of Poitiers (c. 1105 – 29 June 1149) was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.

William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
William IX (Occitan: Guilhèm de Peitieus or Guilhem de Poitou, French: Guillaume de Poitiers; called the Troubadour; 22 October 1071 – 10 February 1126) was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death. He was also one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1101.

Though his political and military achievements have a certain historical importance, he is best known as the earliest troubadour—a vernacular lyric poet in the Occitan language—by whom some work survives.
Lupus in Chinese astronomy
According to traditional Chinese uranography, the modern constellation Lupus is located within the eastern quadrant of the sky, which is symbolized as the Azure Dragon of the East (東方青龍, Dōng Fāng Qīng Lóng).

The name of the western constellation in modern Chinese is 豺狼座 (chái láng zuò), meaning "the dhole constellation".

Lupus (constellation)
Lupus is a constellation of the mid-Southern Sky. Its name is Latin for wolf. Lupus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations but was mostly considered an asterism associated with the nearby constellation Centaurus.
Perryville, Kentucky
Perryville (/ˈpɛrɪvəl, -vɪl/) is a home rule-class city along the Chaplin River in western Boyle County, Kentucky, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, Perryville had a population of 782. It is part of the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Danville micropolitan area, Kentucky
The Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Boyle and Lincoln counties in Kentucky, anchored by the city of Danville. As of the 2000 census, the μSA had a population of 51,058.  A July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 54,435.

Site Selection magazine ranked the Danville Micropolitan Statistical Area 41st out of 694 micro-communities in the United States for new and expanding economic development projects in 2008.
Cowan Bridge
Cowan Bridge is a village in the English county of Lancashire.

It is south-east of the town of Kirkby Lonsdale where the main A65 road crosses the Leck Beck. It forms part of the civil parish of Burrow-with-Burrow.

Burrow-with-Burrow
Burrow-with-Burrow is a civil parish in the English county of Lancashire. The parish of Burrow-with-Burrow had a population of 191 recorded in the 2001 census, decreasing to 182 at the 2011 Census.

It is on the River Lune 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Cumbrian town Kirkby Lonsdale. Administratively it forms part of the City of Lancaster, Lancaster itself being some 17 miles (27 km) away.

Settlements in the parish include Nether Burrow, Over Burrow, Overtown and Cowan Bridge.

The parish is sometimes referred to as "Burrow" for brevity.
Kartam of Colchis
Kartam (Georgian: ქართამი) was a Pharnavazid eristavi of Colchis and prince of the Kingdom of Iberia in the 1st century BC.

Kartam was a descendant of Kuji of Colchis from his marriage on a sister of Pharnavaz I of Iberia. Kartam was adopted by King Pharnavaz II. He married Pharnavaz's daughter and had two sons: Pharasmanes I and Mithridates. Kartam died in 33 BC.

Pharnavazid dynasty
The Pharnavazid (Georgian: ფარნავაზიანი, romanized: parnavaziani) is the name of the first dynasty of Georgian kings of Kartli (Iberia) preserved by The Georgian Chronicles. Their rule lasted, with intermissions, from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD. The main male line is reported to have become extinct early on and followed by houses related to it in the female line. By the close of the 2nd century AD, the Pharnavazid rule came to an end and the Arsacid dynasty took over the crown of Iberia.
Hygrophorus speciosus
Hygrophorus speciosus, commonly known as the larch waxy cap, is a species of fungus in the genus Hygrophorus. It has a bright red-orange cap which yellows with age, and a white or yellow stem; both are slimy, but the fruit bodies are less so with age. The gills are whitish to light yellow, and decurrent. Lookalike species include H. hypothejus and H. pyrophilus.

The species can be found inland within the Pacific Northwest, in areas where larch is plentiful.
While edible, the flavor of most Hygrophorus species is considered bland.

Hygrophorus
Hygrophorus is a genus of agarics (gilled mushrooms) in the family Hygrophoraceae. Called "woodwaxes" in the UK or "waxy caps" (together with Hygrocybe species) in North America, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically fleshy, often with slimy caps and lamellae that are broadly attached to decurrent. All species are ground-dwelling and ectomycorrhizal (forming an association with living trees) and are typically found in woodland. Around 100 species are recognized worldwide. Fruit bodies of several species are considered edible and are sometimes offered for sale in local markets.