hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic integer
In algebraic number theory, an algebraic integer is a complex number that is integral over the integers. That is, an algebraic integer is a complex root of some monic polynomial (a polynomial whose leading coefficient is 1) whose coefficients are integers. The set of all algebraic integers A is closed under addition, subtraction and multiplication and therefore is a commutative subring of the complex numbers.

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted by OK, is the intersection of K and A: it can also be characterized as the maximal order of the field K. Each algebraic integer belongs to the ring of integers of some number field. A number α is an algebraic integer if and only if the ring  is finitely generated as an abelian group, which is to say, as a -module.

Algebraic number
In mathematics, an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.  For example, the golden ratio  is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial , i.e., a solution to the equation , and the complex number  is algebraic because it is a root of the polynomial . Algebraic numbers include all integers, rational numbers, and n-th roots of integers.

Algebraic complex numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, and hence form a field, denoted . The set of algebraic real numbers  is also a field.

Numbers which are not algebraic are called transcendental and include π and e. There are countably infinite algebraic numbers, hence almost all real (or complex) numbers (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) are transcendental.
Capital Military District
Capital Military District (formerly the Capital Military Region) was a corps-level command of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975. It encompassed the capital Saigon and the five adjacent districts of Gia Định province.

The Capital Military District (CMD) had its headquarters at Camp Lê Văn Duyệt.

Prior to 7 June 1966 the CMD was called the Capital Military Region and technically was coequal with a corps tactical zone (CTZ). After that date it was a subordinate command of the III Corps commander.: 24

MACV retained a separate advisory detachment for the CMD known as the Capital Military Assistance Command (CMAC).: 57

In June 1965 the CMD controlled five battalions of troops, two used for security operations, two in reserve and one in training.: 100

III Corps (South Vietnam)
III Corps (Vietnamese: Quân đoàn III) was a corps of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), the army of the nation state of South Vietnam that existed from 1955 to 1975. It was one of four corps in the ARVN, and oversaw the region of the country surrounding the capital Saigon.
Genevieve Hecker
Genevieve Hecker (November 19, 1883 – July 29, 1960) was an American amateur golfer. A member of The Apawamis Club, she won New York City's Metropolitan Golf Championship in 1900, 1901, 1905, and 1906.

The Apawamis Club
The Apawamis Club is a private country club located in Rye, New York, Westchester County, long known for its 18-hole golf course and prominence in the sport of squash. The 1911 U.S. Amateur was contested here, resulting in a playoff between the reigning British Amateur champion, Harold Hilton, and his lesser-known American opponent, Fred Herreshoff. Apawamis is also the home base of a nationally recognized junior squash program and hosts the world renowned Briggs Cup tournament.
William Anderson Handley
William Anderson Handley (December 15, 1834 – June 23, 1909) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama.

Born at Liberty Hill, near Franklin, Georgia, Handley moved to Alabama.
He attended the public schools.
He moved to Roanoke, Alabama.
During the Civil War served in the Confederate States Army as captain of the Twenty-fifth Regiment.
He engaged in mercantile pursuits.

Handley was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-second Congress (March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873).
He served in the State senate 1888-1892.
He served as delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1901.
He served as member of the State house of representatives 1903-1907.
He resumed his former mercantile activities.
He died in Roanoke, Alabama, June 23, 1909.
He was interred in the City Cemetery.

Roanoke, Alabama
Roanoke is a city in Randolph County, which is in the Piedmont region of eastern Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,311, down from 6,074 in 2010 and 6,563 in 2000.
Coal mines and saltworks of Saulnot
The coal mines and saltworks of Saulnot are coal and rock salt mines located in the Keuperian basin in the Haute-Saône department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. They were operated in the territories of the communes of Saulnot and Corcelles from 1589 to 1921 for coal, and from the 12th century to 1826 for salt (a total of seven centuries). Using locally mined coal to evaporate brine in furnaces designed by Heinrich Schickhardt allowed the company to reduce salt production costs.

At the beginning of the 21st century, there is no trace left of the saltworks, but a square in honor of Heinrich Schickhardt and the salt industry has been laid out in the center of the village of Saulnot. Slag heaps and mine shafts remain in Corcelles.

Saulnot
Saulnot is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. In 1973 it absorbed two former communes: Corcelles and Gonvillars.

Coal mines operated in the village between the 16th century and 1925.

A sectional view of a mine shaft in Saulnot.

Surface infrastructure of a mine shaft in the start of 20th century.

View of an open mine shaft.
Agia Mavra, Elis
Agia Mavra (Greek: Άγια Μάυρα) is a village in the municipal unit of Tragano, Elis, Greece. It is situated in a flat, rural area, on the left bank of the river Pineios. It is 3km South of Tragano, 4km East of Kavasila, 2km Northwest of Roupaki, 2km Northeast of Koroivos, and 6km Northeast of Gastouni.

Roupaki
Roupaki (Greek: Ρουπάκι) is a community in the municipal unit of Gastouni, Elis, Greece. It is situated in a flat, rural area, south of the river Pineios. It is 2 km southeast of Agia Mavra, 2 km west of Sosti, 2 km east of Koroivos, 6 km east of Gastouni and 8 km northwest of Amaliada.
Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena
Kanthaugen Freestyle Arena (Norwegian: Kanthaugen Freestyleanlegg) is a freestyle skiing stadium located in the hillside area of Kanthaugen in Lillehammer, Norway. Opened in 1992, it was built for the 1994 Winter Olympics. The venue consists of three hills—one each for aerials, moguls and ski ballet. The moguls hill has a capacity for 12,000 spectators while the other two have a 15,000-person capacity. The arena is designated as Norway's national venue for freestyle skiing. It hosted the FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup in 1993 and 1995, and freestyle skiing and snowboarding at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics. The arena is owned by Lillehammer Olympiapark and is located adjacent to the ski jumping hill Lysgårdsbakken.

2016 Winter Youth Olympics
The 2016 Winter Youth Olympics (Norwegian: Olympiske vinterleker for ungdom 2016; Nynorsk: Olympiske vinterleikane for ungdom 2016), officially known as the II Winter Youth Olympic Games, took place in and around Lillehammer, Norway, from 12 to 21 February 2016. They were the fourth Youth Olympic Games and the second winter edition. Lillehammer was awarded the games on 7 December 2011 as the only candidate. The games reused venues from the 1994 Winter Olympics; this made Lillehammer the first city to host both regular and Youth Olympics. In addition to Lillehammer Municipality, Olympic events were staged at venues in Hamar Municipality, Gjøvik Municipality and Øyer Municipality.
Bruno Bruni (artist)
Bruno Bruni senior (born 22 November 1935, in Gradara, Italy) is an Italian lithographer, graphic artist, painter and sculptor. He became commercially successful in the 1970s. In 1977, he won the International Senefeld award for Lithography. He has since become one of the most successful Italian artists in Germany and one of Germany's best-known lithographers.

Gradara
Gradara is a town and comune in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino (PU), in the region of Marche in central Italy. It is 6 km from Gabicce Mare and Cattolica, 25 km from Rimini, 15 km from Pesaro and 33 km from Urbino. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The ancient town is characterized by a double line of medieval walls and by the massive castle, one of the best preserved in Italy. It is famous as being the location of the episode of Paolo and Francesca described by Dante Alighieri in the V Canto of his Inferno. With its castle as a major tourist attraction, the town is considered by some to be functionally an extension of the riviera romagnola.
The Good Bad Mother
The Good Bad Mother (Korean: 나쁜엄마; lit. Bad Mother) is a 2023 South Korean television series directed by Shim Na-yeon, and starring Ra Mi-ran, Lee Do-hyun, Ahn Eun-jin and Yoo In-soo. It aired from April 26 to June 8, 2023 on JTBC's Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:30 (KST). It is also available for streaming on Netflix in selected regions.

The series was a commercial hit and became one of the highest-rated series in Korean cable television history. It also set a new record for the highest ratings achieved by any Wednesday–Thursday drama in JTBC history.

Lee Do-hyun
Lim Dong-hyun (Korean: 임동현; born April 11, 1995), known professionally as Lee Do-hyun (Korean: 이도현), is a South Korean actor. He first gained recognition for his supporting role in Hotel del Luna (2019), and went on to star in the television series 18 Again (2020), Sweet Home (2020–2024), Youth of May (2021), The Glory (2022–2023), and The Good Bad Mother (2023), as well as the film Exhuma (2024).
Ellen Foley
Ellen Foley (born June 5, 1951) is an American singer and actress who has appeared on Broadway and television, where she co-starred in the hit NBC sitcom Night Court during its second season. In music, she has released five solo albums, but she is best known for her collaborations with rock singer Meat Loaf, particularly the 14× Platinum selling 1977 album Bat Out of Hell.

Night Court
Night Court is an American television sitcom that premiered on NBC on January 4, 1984, and ended on May 31, 1992, after nine seasons consisting of 193 episodes. The show is set in the night shift of a Manhattan Criminal Court presided over by a young, unorthodox judge, Harold "Harry" T. Stone (portrayed by Harry Anderson), and was created by comedy writer Reinhold Weege, who had previously worked on Barney Miller in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Our Lady of Solitude
Our Lady of Solitude (Spanish: María de la Soledad; Portuguese: Nossa Senhora da Soledade) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus and a special form of Marian devotion practised in Spanish-speaking countries to commemorate the solitude of Mary on Holy Saturday. Variant names include Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, Maria Santisima, Nuestra Señora Dolorosisima de la Soledad, and Virgen de la Soledad.

Holy Saturday
Holy Saturday (Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum), also known as Great and Holy Saturday, Low Saturday, the Great Sabbath, Hallelujah Saturday, Saturday of the Glory, Easter Eve, Joyous Saturday, the Saturday of Light, Good Saturday, or Black Saturday, among other names, is the final day of Holy Week, between Good Friday and Easter Sunday, and when Christians prepare for the Christian feast of Easter.

The day commemorates the Harrowing of Hell while Jesus Christ's body lay in the tomb. Christians of the Catholic, Lutheran, and Anglican denominations begin the celebration of the Easter Vigil service on Holy Saturday, which provides a transition to the season of Eastertide; in the Moravian Christian tradition, graves are decorated with flowers during the day of Holy Saturday and the celebration of the sunrise service starts before dawn on Easter Sunday. Congregations of the Reformed and Methodist denominations may hold either the Easter Vigil or an Easter Sunday sunrise service.
Jack of Clubs (album)
Jack of Clubs is the second album by Paul Motian to be released on the Italian Soul Note label. It was released in 1985 and like his previous album features performances by Motian with guitarist Bill Frisell, tenor saxophonists Joe Lovano and Jim Pepper, and bassist Ed Schuller.

Paul Motian
Stephen Paul Motian (March 25, 1931 – November 22, 2011) was an American jazz drummer, percussionist, and composer of Armenian descent. He played an important role in freeing jazz drummers from strict time-keeping duties.

Motian first came to prominence in the late 1950s in the piano trio of Bill Evans and later was a regular in pianist Keith Jarrett's band for about a decade (c. 1967–1976). The drummer began his career as a bandleader in the early 1970s. Perhaps his two most notable groups were a longstanding trio with guitarist Bill Frisell and saxophonist Joe Lovano as well as the Electric Bebop Band, in which he worked mostly with younger musicians on interpretations of bebop standards.
Mazahir Uloom
Mazahir Uloom (also known as Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem) is an Islamic seminary located in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Started in November 1866 by Saadat Ali Faqih, and developed further by Mazhar Nanautawi and Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri; it is regarded as the second most influential and major Deobandi seminary in India. The earliest graduates of the seminary include famous Hadīth scholar Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri. In 1988, the seminary split into two with the establishment of Mazahir Uloom Jadeed as a new independent seminary. Since then the seminary has been named as Mazahir Uloom Waqf Qadeem.

Sa'ādat Ali Saharanpuri served as the seminary's first rector. Islam-ul-Haq As'adi was appointed as the acting rector after Muhammad Saeedi's death on 4 June 2025.

Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (Urdu: خلیل احمد سہارنپوری, romanized: Khalīl Aḥmad Sahāranpūrī; December 1852 – 13 October 1927) was an Indian Islamic scholar of the Deobandi movement. He authored Badhl Al-Majhud Fi Hall Abi Dawud, an 18-volume commentary on the hadith collection Sunan Abi Dawud. He was a Sunni of the Hanafi school. He was also a Sufi shaykh of the Chishti order, being a disciple and successor of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi.
Whitfords railway station
Whitfords railway station is a railway station located on the boundary of Padbury and Kingsley, suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. It is on the Yanchep line, which is part of the Transperth commuter rail network. It is located in the median of the Mitchell Freeway, and consists of an elevated bus interchange on top of an island platform at ground level. South of Whitfords, trains run every 5 minutes during peak. North of Whitfords, trains run every 10 minutes during peak. Between peak during the day, trains run every 15 minutes. The journey to Perth Underground railway station is 19.8 kilometres (12.3 mi), and takes 19 minutes.

The station was constructed as part of the Northern Suburbs Transit System project. Construction began in November 1991 and was completed in December 1992. It opened on 28 February 1993, along with most other stations on the Yanchep line (then known as the Joondalup line).

Kingsley, Western Australia
Kingsley is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Joondalup. Kingsley is bounded to the north by Whitfords Avenue, to the south by Hepburn Avenue, to the west by the Mitchell Freeway and to the east by Wanneroo Road.

Lake Goollelal is located in the eastern part of Kingsley and runs parallel to Wanneroo Road. The residential area of Kingsley is divided by the lake, with a small enclave between the lake and Wanneroo Road.
Uzhiyan
Uzhiyan (transl. Worker) is a 1994 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by actor Arun Pandian's brother C. Durai Pandian. The film stars Arun Pandian and Vineetha, with Sarath Babu, Mansoor Ali Khan, Janagaraj, Mohan Natarajan, Geetha, Vijaya Chandrika and Dakshayini playing supporting roles. It was released on 4 March 1994.

Arun Pandian
Arun Pandian is an Indian actor, film director, film producer and politician who predominantly works in Tamil films. He began his career as an actor as part of the critically acclaimed film Oomai Vizhigal (1986). After retiring from acting, he took the post of chief producer for the London-based Ayngaran International, a film production and distribution company, however, he later started his own production and distribution company A&P Groups.

He is the secretary of South Indian Film Financiers Association (Siffa) and he is also the president of South Indian Film Exporters Association (Sifea).
The Sleeping Cardinal
The Sleeping Cardinal, also known as Sherlock Holmes' Fatal Hour in the United States, is a 1931 British mystery film directed by Leslie S. Hiscott and starring Arthur Wontner and Ian Fleming. The film is an adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle. Although it is not based on any one particular story, the film draws inspiration from "The Empty House" and "The Final Problem". The film is the first in the 1931–1937 film series starring Wontner as Sherlock Holmes. It is unrelated to the Basil Rathbone series of Sherlock Holmes films that began in the late 1930s.

The film was produced at Twickenham Studios in London with sets designed by art director James A. Carter.

Arthur Wontner
Arthur Wontner (21 January 1875 – 10 July 1960) was a British actor and sometime actor-manager, familiar on stage in a wide range of roles, from comedy to melodrama, and classics to musical shows. He also acted in films and was known for playing Arthur Conan Doyle's master detective Sherlock Holmes in five films from 1931 to 1937.
Vaps Movement
The Vaps Movement is the popular name for the Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence (Estonian: Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit, later Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit), an Estonian political organization, whose members were commonly called Vaps (vabadussõjalased, or colloquially vapsid; singular: vaps). Founded in 1929, born out of associations of veterans of the Estonian War of Independence, emerging as a radical right-wing popular movement. The leaders of this association were Andres Larka (formal figurehead and presidential candidate) and Artur Sirk.

Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, and War of Freedom  in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the 1919 aggression of the pro–German Baltische Landeswehr. The campaign was the struggle of the newly established democratic state of Estonia for independence in the aftermath of World War I. It resulted in a victory for Estonia and was concluded in the 1920 Treaty of Tartu.
Washington County, North Carolina
Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,003. Its county seat is Plymouth. The county was formed in 1799 from the western third of Tyrrell County. It was named for George Washington.

Tyrrell County, North Carolina
Tyrrell County (/ˈtɛərɪl/ TAIR-il) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,245, making it the least populous county in North Carolina. Its county seat is Columbia.
Liam Butcher
Liam Butcher is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Sonny Bottomley for two months in 1998 and 1999, twins Jack and Tom Godolphin from 1999, Gavin and Mitchell Vaughan in 2002, and Nathaniel Gleed from 2002 to 2004. Upon his reintroduction in 2008, the character was portrayed by James Forde. Liam is the son of Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer) and Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) and his stories have mostly revolved around his family. The character took a six-month break in 2012 for story purposes. Following his return, producers used Liam in a story about gangs, working with the charity Comic Relief. Forde was written out permanently in 2015 and Liam departs in the episode first broadcast on 17 August 2015. Liam was reintroduced for a short stint in 2021, with the role recast to Alfie Deegan.

Alfie Deegan
Alfie Deegan (born 2001) is an English actor. He is known for playing the role of Liam Butcher on the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2021. Deegan also guest starred in an episode of The Chelsea Detective and portrayed the role of Flynn in the film Silver Haze in 2023. That same year, Deegan began releasing rap music under the stage name Alf.
Eugenio Beltrami
Eugenio Beltrami (16 November 1835 – 18 February 1900) was an Italian mathematician notable for his work concerning differential geometry and mathematical physics. His work was noted especially for clarity of exposition. He was the first to prove the consistency of non-Euclidean geometry by modelling it on a surface of constant curvature, the pseudosphere, and in the interior of an n-dimensional unit sphere, the so-called Beltrami–Klein model. He also developed singular value decomposition for matrices, which has been subsequently rediscovered several times. Beltrami's use of differential calculus for problems of mathematical physics indirectly influenced the development of tensor calculus by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita.

Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro
Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (Italian: [ɡreˈɡɔːrjo ˈrittʃi kurˈbastro]; 12 January 1853 – 6 August 1925) was an Italian mathematician. He is most famous as the discoverer of tensor calculus.

With his former student Tullio Levi-Civita, he wrote his most famous single publication, a pioneering work on the calculus of tensors, signing it as Gregorio Ricci. This appears to be the only time that Ricci-Curbastro used the shortened form of his name in a publication, and continues to cause confusion.

Ricci-Curbastro also published important works in other fields, including a book on higher algebra and infinitesimal analysis, and papers on the theory of real numbers, an area in which he extended the research begun by Richard Dedekind.
Korydallos Prison
Korydallos Prison Complex is Greece's largest jail and contains the country's main maximum-security prison (Type B), housing both maximum-security men and women. It is located in Korydallos, Piraeus. Famous detainees include members of the left wing urban guerrilla organizations Revolutionary Organization 17 November, Revolutionary Struggle and Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei. Korydallos prison was also used as the place for the Greek junta trials in 1975, and contains a special court in its basement.

Nikolaos Dertilis was the last remaining junta member in jail. He died 28 January 2013 at the age of 94.

Revolutionary Struggle
Revolutionary Struggle (Greek: Επαναστατικός Αγώνας, Epanastatikos Agonas), abbreviated EA (ΕΑ), was a Greek anarchist, anti-imperialist, urban guerrilla group known for its attacks on Greek government buildings and the American embassy in Athens. It was designated as a terrorist group by the Greek government, the European Union (EU), and the United States.