hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yasachnaya
The Yasachnaya (Russian: Ясачная; Yakut: Дьаһаак, romanized: Cahaak) is a river in the Russian Far East. It rises in the Chersky Range and meets the Kolyma near the settlement of Zyryanka. It is 490 kilometres (300 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 35,900 square kilometres (13,900 sq mi). Its main tributaries are Omulyovka, Olguya, Rassokha and Gonyucha, all from the West.

Kolyma (river)
The Kolyma (Russian: Колыма, IPA: [kəlɨˈma]; Yakut: Халыма, romanized: Xalıma) is a river in northeastern Siberia, whose basin covers parts of the Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and Magadan Oblast of Russia.

The Kolyma is frozen to depths of several metres for about 250 days each year, becoming free of ice only in early June, until October.
Kharak Singh
Kharak Singh (22 February 1801 – 5 November 1840) was the second maharaja of the Sikh Empire, ruling from June 1839 until his dethronement and imprisonment in October 1839. He was the eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire, and his consort, Maharani Datar Kaur. Kharak was succeeded by his only son, Nau Nihal Singh.

Dhian Singh
Raja Dhian Singh (22 August 1796 – 15 September 1843) was the longest serving wazir of the Sikh Empire, during the reign of Maharajah Ranjit Singh, and the brief rule of four of his successors over four years. He held the office for twenty five years, from 1818 till his assassination. Dhian Singh was a brother of Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu, who later founded the Dogra dynasty when he became Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under the British Raj. Another brother Suchet Singh also served the empire. The three brothers were collectively known as the "Dogra brothers" in the Sikh Empire, based on their ethnicity.
2011 ATP World Tour
The 2011 ATP World Tour was the elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2011 season. It was the 42nd edition of the tour and the calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2011 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organized by the ITF.

In singles, Novak Djokovic dominated the season. He won ten tournaments, including three Grand Slam (Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships and the US Open), and five Masters Series 1000 titles (Indian Wells, Miami, Madrid, Rome and Canada). He ended the year with a 6–0 record against Rafael Nadal and a 4–1 record against Roger Federer.

2011 ATP World Tour Finals
The 2011 ATP World Tour Finals (also known as the 2011 Barclays ATP World Tour Finals for sponsorship reasons) was a tennis tournament that was played at the O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom between 20 and 27 November 2011. The defending champion in singles was Roger Federer, while the defending champions in doubles were Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić. However, they did not defend their title together because they separated after the 2010 event. Zimonjic partnered with Michaël Llodra for the season, and Nestor partnered with Max Mirnyi. Federer successfully defended his crown, winning a record-breaking sixth title, while Nestor and Mirnyi captured the doubles title.
Granby, Vermont
Granby is a town in Essex County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for the Marquis of Granby. The population was 81 at the 2020 census. Granby is part of the Berlin, NH-VT Micropolitan Statistical Area. Along with the neighboring town of Victory, Granby was one of the last two towns in Vermont to be linked to the electric grid, in 1963.

Essex County, Vermont
Essex County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,920, making it the least-populous county in both Vermont and New England. Its shire town (county seat) is the municipality of Guildhall. The county was created in 1792 and organized in 1800. Bordered by the Connecticut River next to New Hampshire, Essex County is south of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the county with the lowest household-income in Vermont.
Diocese of Reno
The Diocese of Reno (Latin: Dioecesis Renensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in the northern Nevada region of the United States. It is a suffragan diocese, formerly of the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco and, since May 30, 2023, of the Archdiocese of Las Vegas.

The mother church of the Diocese of Reno is St. Thomas Aquinas Cathedral in Reno. As of 2023, the bishop of Reno was Daniel Mueggenborg.

Norman Francis McFarland
Norman Francis McFarland (February 21, 1922 – April 16, 2010) was an American Catholic prelate who served as bishop of Orange in California from 1987 until 1998. He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Francisco in California from 1970 to 1976 and the first bishop of Reno-Las Vegas in Nevada from 1976 to 1987.

McFarland's reputation as bishop of Orange has been tainted by documentation proving that he covered up allegations of sexual abuse against minors in the diocese.
Eddie Harsch
Eddie Harsch (born Edward Hawrysch; May 27, 1957 – November 4, 2016) was a Canadian keyboardist and member of Detroit-based jam band Bulldog.  Previous to that he was The Black Crowes' keyboardist from 1991 to 2006. Harsch was replaced on keyboards by Rob Clores and then Adam MacDougall. Harsch first joined Bulldog during The Black Crowes' hiatus, which lasted from early 2002 to early 2005.  During that time, he also played bass in the Detroit Cobras. In the 1980s, Harsch was a member of James Cotton's band.

In 2016, Harsch was to become a co-founding member of The Magpie Salute, a band which also features his former Black Crowes bandmates Rich Robinson, Marc Ford and Sven Pipien.

Harsch died in Toronto on November 4, 2016, at the age of 59. No cause of death was reported.

Marc Ford
Marc Ford (born April 13, 1966) is an American blues-rock guitarist, songwriter and record producer. He is a former guitarist of the rock and roll band The Black Crowes, the former lead guitarist of The Magpie Salute and the leader of his own bands: Burning Tree, Marc Ford & The Neptune Blues Club, Marc Ford & The Sinners, Fuzz Machine, and Jefferson Steelflex.

Ford ranks as a world class musician. He was awarded a Grammy and an NAACP Image Award—an honor bestowed on few Caucasians, for his work with Ben Harper and The Blind Boys of Alabama on There Will Be a Light (2004).
Muslim conquest of Syria
The Muslim conquest of Syria (Arabic: فَتْحُ الشَّام, romanized: Fatḥ al-šām; lit. 'Conquest of Syria'), or the Arab conquest of Syria, was the conquest of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate that took place between 634–638 CE as part of the Arab–Byzantine wars and the wider Muslim conquests.

Clashes between the Muslims and the Byzantines on the southern Levantine borders of the Byzantine Empire had occurred previously during the lifetime of Muhammad, with the Battle of Muʿtah in 629 CE. However, the actual conquest did not begin until 634, two years after Muhammad's death. It was led by the first two Rashidun caliphs who succeeded Muhammad: Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. During this time, Khalid ibn al-Walid was the most important commander of the Rashidun army. In the aftermath of the conquest, Syria was brought under Arab Muslim rule and developed into the provincial region of Bilad al-Sham.

Qinnasrin
Qinnašrīn (Arabic: قنشرين, romanized: Qinnašrīn; Syriac: ܩܢܫܪܝܢ, romanized: Qennešrin, lit. 'Nest of Eagles'; Latin: Chalcis ad Belum; Ancient Greek: Χαλκὶς, romanized: Khalkìs) was a historical town in northern Syria. The town was situated 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Aleppo on the west bank of the Queiq (historically, the Belus) and was connected to Aleppo with a major road during Roman times.

Some scholars propose that the ruins of Qinnašrīn are located at al-Hadher to the east of the Queiq River, while Chalcis' location was at the modern Syrian village of Al-Iss, Aleppo Governorate to the west of the river. Others think that Qinnasrin has always been located at al-Iss from the Hellenistic to the Ayyubid period.
Melodi Grand Prix 2023
Melodi Grand Prix 2023 was the 61st edition of Melodi Grand Prix (MGP), the annual Norwegian music competition that serves as the country's preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest. It was organised by Norway's public broadcaster NRK, and consisted of three semi-finals and a final, held throughout January and February 2023. The winner of the competition, Alessandra with "Queen of Kings", went on to represent Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 in Liverpool, United Kingdom in May 2023.

Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Norway was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Queen of Kings" performed by Alessandra. The Norwegian broadcaster Norsk rikskringkasting (NRK) organised the national final Melodi Grand Prix 2023 in order to select the Norwegian entry for the 2023 contest. 21 entries were selected to compete in the national final, which consists of four shows: three semi-finals and a final. Nine entries ultimately qualified to compete in the final on 4 February 2023, and the winner was determined following the combination of votes from ten international jury groups and a public online vote.

Norway qualified from the first semi-final to compete in the grand final on 13 May, ultimately finishing in fifth place with 268 points, the country's highest placing since 2013.
R434 road (Ireland)
The R434 road is a regional road in Ireland linking Borris-in-Ossory on the R445 to Durrow on the N77. En route it passes through Aghaboe and Ballycolla, and over both the M7 and M8 motorways. The entire route is within County Laois.

The R434 was the former Trunk Road, T48. The road is 20 km (12 mi) long.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Shawfield
Shawfield is an industrial/commercial area of the Royal Burgh of Rutherglen in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, located to the north of the town centre. It is bordered to the east by the River Clyde, to the north by the Glasgow neighbourhood of Oatlands and the adjacent Richmond Park, to the south-west by Glasgow's Polmadie and Toryglen districts, and to the south-east by Rutherglen's historic Main Street and its Burnhill neighbourhood, although it is separated from these southerly areas by the West Coast Main Line railway tracks and the M74 motorway. A road bridge connects Shawfield to the Dalmarnock, Bridgeton and Glasgow Green areas.

Shawfield is a familiar name to many Scottish sports fans, as the stadium of that name is the national venue for greyhound racing and the former home of Clyde F.C.

A728 road
The A728 is a route number in Glasgow, Scotland applied to two connected roads.

The eastern branch, known as the Glasgow East End Regeneration Route runs from Polmadie to the Forge Shopping Centre in Camlachie in the east of the city. The first phase was opened in 2011 with the second phase opened in mid-2012; these two phases are officially known as the A728 Clyde Gateway. An extension to junction 13 of the M8, which is also the terminus of the M80, was planned as well, for construction in 2018. After delay, it was scrapped in 2021 due to climate concerns.

The western branch of the route runs from the Albert Bridge near the city centre, where it meets the A8 and A74, and converges with the other branch near Toryglen Park in Polmadie. Both branches continue along the same road south towards King's Park.
Gertrude Spencer-Stanhope
Gertrude Spencer-Stanhope (1857–1944) was an English sculptor and painter. She was the niece of John Roddam Spencer-Stanhope and the cousin of Evelyn Pickering De Morgan, both of whom were noted pre-Raphaelite painters.

John Roddam Spencer Stanhope
John Roddam Spencer Stanhope (20 January 1829 – 2 August 1908) was an English artist associated with Edward Burne-Jones and George Frederic Watts and often regarded as a second-wave pre-Raphaelite. His work is also studied within the context of Aestheticism and British Symbolism. As a painter, Stanhope worked in oil, watercolor, fresco, tempera, and mixed media. (Some of his oil paintings are mistaken for tempera.) His subject matter was mythological, allegorical, biblical, and contemporary. Stanhope was born in Cawthorne, near Barnsley, Yorkshire, England, and died in Florence, Italy. He was the uncle and teacher of the painter Evelyn De Morgan and encouraged then unknown local artist Abel Hold to exhibit at the Royal Academy, which he did 16 times.
Jeffrey Zwiebel
Jeffrey Herman Zwiebel (born December 12, 1965) is an American economist and the James C. Van Horne Professor of Finance at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.

A study he co-authored in 2013, along with Brett Green of the University of California, Berkeley, reported that the "hot-hand fallacy" did not appear to be a fallacy after all. Specifically, they reported that an average-power batter in Major League Baseball  on a "hot streak" was about as likely to hit a home run as a good-power batter would normally be.

James Van Horne
James Carter Van Horne (August 6, 1935 – September 1, 2025) was an American economist and finance academic. He was the A. P. Giannini Professor of Banking and Finance at the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB). He authored five books, more than 60 articles, and numerous case studies. His teaching and research covered corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, corporate restructuring, money and capital markets, and fixed-income securities.
Austrian Literature Online
Austrian Literature Online (ALO) is an Austrian digitization project by the University Library of Innsbruck, the University Library of Graz and the University of Linz.

ALO is, together with Project ANNO, by the Austrian National Library, the largest Austrian project of its type. In August 2004, the 4,000th title was digitized. The majority of items are digital facsimiles.

The focus is on Austrian literature and women's literature, but numerous digital copies of documents from other areas (such as old documents in Tirolensia Latina) have also been made available online.

ALO has been conceived as a participatory project that, for comparatively low prices, offers digitization and permanent access to works in the public domain and also, where rights are available, to copyright-protected materials.

University of Graz Library
The University of Graz Library (German: Universitätsbibliothek Graz) in Graz, Austria is the largest research and public library in Styria and the third largest in Austria. It holds the right of legal deposit. It is part of the University of Graz and consists of the main library, two faculty libraries (for law and social and economic sciences, and for theology) and several branch libraries and is open to the public.
Aruek language
Aruek is a Torricelli language of Papua New Guinea. There is little data to classify it, and it is therefore left unclassified within Torricelli by Ross (2005). There are no longer any speakers in the one village where it was spoken and people of that village say the language is now extinct.

Torricelli languages
The Torricelli languages are a family of about fifty languages of the northern Papua New Guinea coast, spoken by about 80,000 people. They are named after the Torricelli Mountains. The most populous and best known Torricelli language is Arapesh, with about 30,000 speakers.

They are not clearly related to other Papuan language families; however, attempts have been made to establish external links. The most promising external relationship for the Torricelli family is the Sepik languages. (In reconstructions of both families, the pronouns have a plural suffix *-m and a dual suffix *-p.)

C.L. Voorhoeve (1987) has proposed that they are related to the North Halmahera languages and most of the languages of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, thus forming the easternmost extension of the postulated West Papuan family.
Isabel and Chester Greenwood House
The Isabel and Chester Greenwood House is an historic house at 112 Hill Street in Farmington, Maine. Built in 1896, it is an architecturally distinctive sophisticated Queen Anne Victorian.  It is also notable as the home of Chester Greenwood, who invented the earmuff. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Farmington, Maine
Farmington is a town in and the county seat of Franklin County, Maine, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 7,592. Farmington is home to the University of Maine at Farmington, Nordica Memorial Auditorium, the Nordica Homestead, and the annual Farmington Fair.
Disa bodkinii
Disa bodkinii is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape and occurs from the Cape Peninsula to Riversdale. The plant is not threatened but is naturally rare. It has only been recorded eight times because it only flowers after it has burned.

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
Banknotes of Kutch
A series of specimen banknotes was printed in 1946 for the Government of Kutch, but were never put into production. A single specimen set of these notes is known to exist.

The notes depict a portrait of the Maharaja of Kutch at the right hand side of the notes. The notes are inscribed in English and Kutchi.

Cutch State
Cutch State, also spelled Kutch or Kachchh and also historically known as the Kingdom of Kutch, was a kingdom in the Kutch region from 1147 to 1819 and a princely state under British rule from 1819 to 1947. Its territories covered the present day Kutch region of Gujarat north of the Gulf of Kutch. Bordered by Sindh in the north, Cutch State was one of the few princely states with a coastline.

The state had an area of 7,616 square miles (19,725 km2) and a population estimated at 488,022 in 1901. During the British Raj, the state was part of the Cutch Agency and later the Western India States Agency within the Bombay Presidency.
The rulers maintained an army of 354 cavalry, 1,412 infantry and 164 guns.
Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten
The wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten (later Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh) took place on Thursday 20 November 1947 at Westminster Abbey in London, United Kingdom. The bride was the elder daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother) as well as the heir presumptive to the British throne. Although Philip was born a prince of Greece and Denmark, he stopped using these foreign titles on his adoption of British nationality four months before the announcement of their marriage.  On the morning of the wedding, he was made Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich.

Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
Mary, Princess Royal (Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary; 25 April 1897 – 28 March 1965), was a member of the British royal family. She was the only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary, the sister of kings Edward VIII and George VI, and aunt of Elizabeth II. In the First World War, she performed charity work in support of servicemen and their families. She married Henry Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles (later the 6th Earl of Harewood), in 1922. Mary was given the title of Princess Royal in 1932. During the Second World War, she was Controller Commandant of the Auxiliary Territorial Service. The Princess Royal and the Earl of Harewood had two sons, George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, and Gerald David Lascelles.
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor (also known as Holme-upon-Spalding-Moor) is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Howden and 5 miles (8 km) south-west of Market Weighton. It lies on the A163 road where it joins the A614 road.

The civil parish is formed by the village of Holme-on-Spalding-Moor and the hamlets of Bursea, Hasholme, Tollingham and Welhambridge. According to the 2011 UK Census, Holme-on-Spalding-Moor parish had a population of 3,172, an increase on the 2001 UK Census figure of 2,948.

Howden
Howden (/ˈhaʊdən/) is a market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies in the Vale of York to the north of the M62, on the A614 road about 16 miles (26 km) south-east of York and 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Goole, which lies across the River Ouse. It is known for Howden Minster, one of the largest churches in the East Riding.

William the Conqueror gave the town to the Bishops of Durham in 1080. The wapentake of Howdenshire was named after the town, and remained an exclave of County Durham until as late as 1846. The original boundaries of the wapentake were used for the current two government wards of Howden and Howdenshire, which had a combined population of 19,753 at the 2011 census.
Archival Disc
Archival Disc (AD) is the trademarked name of a discontinued optical disc storage medium designed by Sony and Panasonic for long-term digital storage. First announced on 10 March 2014 and introduced in the second quarter of 2015, the discs were intended to withstand changes in temperature and humidity, in addition to dust and water, ensuring that the disc would be readable for at least 50 years. The agreement between Sony and Panasonic to jointly develop the next generation optical media standard was first announced on 29 July 2013. The discs were mass-produced by Panasonic in 2016. The product was discontinued as of 2024. The two companies have since collaborated on the development of another format, Optical Disc Archive.

Optical disc
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with the aid of a beam of light. Optical discs can be reflective, where the light source and detector are on the same side of the disc, or transmissive, where light shines through the disc to be detected on the other side. They may contain analog or digital information, or a mixture of the two. Their main uses are the distribution of media and data, and long-term archival storage.
Sir Edward Loftus, 1st Baronet
Sir Edward Loftus, 1st Baronet (c.1742 – 17 May 1818) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

Loftus was the illegitimate son of Nicholas Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus by a woman with the surname of Phillips. He was educated at Kilkenny College. Loftus served as the Member of Parliament for Jamestown in the Irish House of Commons between 1761 and 1768. On 16 July 1768, he was created a baronet, of Mount Loftus in the Baronetage of Ireland. He was High Sheriff of Tyrone in 1777 and High Sheriff of Wexford in 1784.

On 18 March 1758 he married Anne Read, with whom he had four children, two of whom survived to adulthood.

High Sheriff of Tyrone
The High Sheriff of Tyrone is the Sovereign's judicial representative in County Tyrone. Initially an office for lifetime, assigned by the Sovereign, the High Sheriff became annually appointed from the Provisions of Oxford in 1258. Besides his judicial importance, he has ceremonial and administrative functions and executes High Court Writs.