hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Green armies
The Green armies (Russian: Зеленоармейцы, romanized: Zelenoarmeytsy), also known as the Green Army (Russian: Зелёная армия, romanized: Zelyonaya armiya) or Greens (Russian: Зелёные, romanized: Zelyonyye), were armed peasant groups which fought against all governments in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922. The Green armies were semi-organized local militias that opposed the Bolsheviks, Whites, and foreign interventionists, and fought to protect their communities from requisitions or reprisals carried out by third parties. The Green armies were politically and ideologically neutral, but at times associated with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. The Green armies had at least tacit support throughout much of Russia. However, their primary base, the peasantry, were largely reluctant to wage an active campaign during the Russian Civil War and, with an impending Bolshevik victory, dissolved in 1922.

Counter-revolutionary
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution has occurred, in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part. The adjective "counter-revolutionary" pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs or the principles that prevailed during a pre-revolutionary era.
David Griscome
Christianity portal

David Griscome (born 1947) was an Anglican priest in Ireland, most notably Dean of Elphin and Ardagh from 1999 to 2004.

Griscome was educated at Oak Hill Theological College and ordained deacon in 1989 and priest in 1990. After a curacy at Glendermott he held incumbencies at Cashel, Calry, Sligo.

Dean of Elphin and Ardagh
The Dean of Elphin and Ardagh is based in St John the Baptist Cathedral, Sligo in the Diocese of Elphin and Ardagh within the united bishopric of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh of the Church of Ireland. The dioceses of Elphin and Ardagh were merged in 1841. The original cathedral had been destroyed by military action in 1496 and the original diocesan cathedral was damaged by a storm in 1957 and abandoned in 1961.

The current incumbent is The Very Reverend A. Williams.
Missolonghi
Missolonghi or Mesolongi (Greek: Μεσολόγγι, pronounced [mesoˈloɲɟi])  is a town in western Greece. It is the capital of the Aetolia-Acarnania regional unit, and the seat of the municipality of Iera Polis Mesolongiou (Greek: Ιερά Πόλις Μεσολογγίου, lit. 'Sacred Town of Missolonghi'). According to the 2021 census, the municipality has a population of 32,048 people, of whom 13,965 live in the town of Missolonghi. Missolonghi is known as the site of a dramatic siege during the Greek War of Independence, which resulted in the death of poet Lord Byron.

Reşid Mehmed Pasha
Reşid Mehmed Pasha, also known as Kütahı (Greek: Μεχμέτ Ρεσίτ πασάς Κιουταχής, 1780–1836), was an Ottoman statesman and general who reached the post of Grand Vizier in the first half of the 19th century, playing an important role in the Greek War of Independence.
Red Onion Jazz Babies
The Red Onion Jazz Babies was an early supergroup of the Jazz Age.  Among its members were Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, Lil Hardin and others in the early 1920s. As it comprised some of the most influential soloists and performers of the era, the group was significant in highlighting the early period of their careers (Armstrong would continue performing until his death in 1971).  Although the group was only together for a short time, they recorded a few memorable songs, including "Terrible Blues" (1924).

Sidney Bechet
Sidney Joseph Bechet (May 14, 1897 – May 14, 1959) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
Maryland State Police
The Maryland State Police (MSP), officially the Maryland Department of State Police (MDSP), is the official state police force of the U.S. state of Maryland. The Maryland State Police is headquartered at 1201 Reisterstown Road in the Pikesville CDP in unincorporated Baltimore County.

Governor of Maryland
The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by the Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments).

The current governor is Wes Moore, who has been in office since 2023.
Silva compass
Silva Sweden AB is an outdoors products company that sells handheld compasses and other navigational equipment including GPS tools, mapping software, aircraft altimeters, and marine navigation tools.  Silva's founders - Gunnar Tillander, Alvar Kjellström, Arvid Kjellström, and Björn Kjellström - invented the hugely popular orienteering baseplate or protractor compass used around the world for outdoors navigation.

Created in Sweden, the company exports worldwide, with marketing companies in Stockholm, Sweden; Mantes-la-Ville, France; Friedrichsdorf, Germany; and Livingston, Scotland.  Silva compasses are produced for Silva by the HANZA Group in Suzhou, China.

Johnson Outdoors
Johnson Outdoors Inc. (Nasdaq: JOUT) produces outdoor recreational products such as watercraft, diving equipment, camping gear, and outdoor clothing. It has operations in 24 locations worldwide, employs 1,400 people and reports sales of more than $315 million. Helen Johnson-Leipold, one of Samuel Curtis Johnson, Jr.'s four children, has run the company since 1999.
Mitsubishi Ki-21
The Mitsubishi Ki-21, formal designation "Type 97 Heavy Bomber" (九七式重爆撃機, Kyūnana-shiki jūbakugekiki) was a Japanese heavy bomber during World War II. It began operations during the Second Sino-Japanese War participating in the Nomonhan Incident, and in the first stages of the Pacific War, including the Malayan, Burmese, Dutch East Indies and New Guinea Campaigns. It was also used to attack targets as far-flung as western China, India and northern Australia. The Allies designated it under the reporting names "Sally"/"Gwen".

Imperial Japanese Airways
Japan Airways Co.Ltd (大日本航空株式会社, Dai Nippon Kōkū Kabushiki Kaisha; also known as Imperial Japanese Airlines, Great Japan Airlines or Greater Japan Airlines) was the national airline of the Empire of Japan during World War II.
Szepes County
Szepes (Slovak: Spiš; Latin: Scepusium, Polish: Spisz, German: Zips) was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary, called Scepusium before the late 19th century. Its territory today lies in northeastern Slovakia, with a very small area in southeastern Poland. For the current region, see Spiš.

Sáros County
Sáros (-Hungarian, Slovak: Šariš, Latin: comitatus Sarossiensis, German: Scharosch) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in northeastern Slovakia. Today, Šariš is only an informal designation of the corresponding territory.
John Abbot (14th-century MP)
John Abbot (fl. 1379–1414) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1393 and mayor of Melcombe Regis from September 1399 until 1400. By 1379 Abbot owned property in Melcombe, which later included a house in St. Mary Street. He was said to have engaged in the wine and cloth trade. Three of his sons, John, Robert, and William, were also MPs .

William Abbot (politician)
William Abbot (fl. 1437) was an English politician who served as Member of Parliament for Melcombe Regis in 1437. He was the son of John Abbot, another MP, and two of his brothers, John and Robert, were also MPs.
Mickelopteris
Mickelopteris is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Cheilanthoideae of the family Pteridaceae with a single species Mickelopteris cordata. Synonyms include Parahemionitis cordata and Hemionitis cordata Roxb. ex Hook. & Grev. The species is native to south-eastern Asia, from India to Taiwan and the Philippines.

The genus name "Parahemionitis" was initially published for M. cordata, but is not accepted by all sources.

Cheilanthoideae
Cheilanthoideae is one of the five subfamilies of the fern family Pteridaceae. The subfamily is understood to be monophyletic, but some of the genera as currently defined are not. Most species are xeric-adapted, and the subfamily is most diverse in dry areas.
Listed buildings in Healaugh, Selby
Healaugh is a civil parish in the former Selby district of North Yorkshire, England.  It contains 14 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Healaugh and the surrounding countryside.  Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, and the others include a church, a former priory, part of which has been converted into a house, and the remains of a medieval cross

Healaugh, Selby
Healaugh /hiːlɔː/ is a village and civil parish in the county of North Yorkshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 161 in 63 households. The population had increased to 249 at the 2011 census. The village is about three miles north north-east of Tadcaster.
Zeitpyramide
The Zeitpyramide (lit. 'time pyramid') is a work of public art by Manfred Laber under construction in Wemding, Germany. The pyramid began in 1993, the year of the town's 1,200th anniversary. With a new block added every ten years, the structure is planned to consist of 120 blocks when complete after 1,190 years, in the year 3183.

Off-by-one error
An off-by-one error or off-by-one bug (known by acronyms OBOE, OBOB, OBO, and OB1) is a logic error that involves a number that differs from its intended value by 1. An off-by-one error can sometimes appear in a mathematical context. It also often occurs in computer programming when a loop iterates one time too many or too few, usually caused by the use of non-strict inequality (≤) as the terminating condition where strict inequality (<) should have been used, or vice versa. Off-by-one errors also stem from confusion over zero-based numbering.
Péhékanhouébli
Péhékanhouébli is a village in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Tiobly, Toulépleu Department, Cavally Region, Montagnes District. The village serves as a border crossing with Liberia; the border is 400 metres southwest of the edge of the village.

Péhékanhouébli was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

Tiobly
Tiobly is a town in the far west of Ivory Coast, near the border with Liberia. It is a sub-prefecture of Toulépleu Department in Cavally Region, Montagnes District. Tiobly is approximately seven kilometres east and seven kilometres north of the border with Liberia. The sub-prefecture extends further west than any other sub-prefecture in the country.

Tiobly was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1,126 communes nationwide that were abolished.
Parish plan
In England, parish plans are a form of community-led plan.

Parish plans determine the future of communities and how they can change for the better.  They are documents that set out a vision for the future of a parish and outlines how that can be achieved in an action plan.

The parish plan process may include:

a village appraisal – a household questionnaire to assess needs and aspirations of local people

participatory appraisals – hands-on interactive workshops

business surveys

the creation of an action plan

Members of the rural community action network support groups in local communities to create parish plans.

Another type of community-led plan is a village design statement.

Village design statement
Village design statement (VDS) is a term of English rural planning practice. A VDS is a document that describes the distinctive characteristics of the locality, and provides design guidance to influence future development and improve the physical qualities of the area.

Drawing up the VDS provides an opportunity for communities to describe how they feel the physical character of their parish can be enhanced. Rural community councils support local communities in the production of village design statements.
Wasserverband Westdeutsche Kanäle
The Wasserverband Westdeutsche Kanäle (WWK) is a German statutory body for the adjustment of the Lippe water level and service water supply from the West German shipping canals and artificial watercourses in connection with the rivers Rhine, Lippe and Ruhr.

Water board
A water board is a regional or national organisation that has very different functions from one country to another. The functions range from flood control and water resources management at the regional or local level (the Netherlands, Germany), water charging and financing at the river basin level (France), bulk water supply (South Africa), regulation of pricing and service quality of drinking water supply at the national level (Kenya) or the coordination of water resources policies between various Ministries and agencies at the national level together with the regulation of drinking water supply (the Philippines).
Oliver Sheldon
Oliver Sheldon (1894–1951) was a British management theorist and business executive who was director of the confectionary company Rowntree's in York, England. He wrote on principles of public and business administration in the 1920s.

Lyndall Urwick
Lyndall Fownes Urwick MC  (3 March 1891 – 5 December 1983) was a British management consultant and business thinker. He is recognised for integrating the ideas of earlier theorists like Henri Fayol into a comprehensive theory of management administration. He wrote an influential book called The Elements of Business Administration, published in 1943. With Luther Gulick, he founded the academic journal Administrative Science Quarterly.
Wängi railway station
Wängi railway station (German: Bahnhof Wängi) is a railway station in the municipality of Wängi, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau. It is located on the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) Frauenfeld–Wil line of Appenzell Railways.

Wil railway station
Wil railway station (German: Bahnhof Wil), or Wil SG railway station, is a railway station in Wil, in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It sits at the junction of three standard-gauge railway lines: Wil–Kreuzlingen, St. Gallen–Winterthur, and Wil–Ebnat-Kappel. In addition, the 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge Frauenfeld–Wil line (operated by Appenzell Railways since 2021) terminates in the station's forecourt.
Novaya Zhizn (Mensheviks)
Novaya Zhizn (Russian: Новая жизнь, New Life) was a daily newspaper published by a group of Mensheviks associated with the literary magazine Letopis, including Nikolai Sukhanov, Vladimir Bazarov, Stroev, Denitsky and  A. N. Tikhonov. It was published in Petrograd from  18 April (1 May) 1917 until 16 July 1918 (with a total of 354 issues) and then in Moscow from June to July 1918, when it was closed down. The most known contributor was Maxim Gorky. The Swedish correspondent of the newspaper was Paul Olberg. Its run was interrupted in September 1917, when publication was suspended on the orders of the Russian Provisional Government. Before the October Revolution, Bolshevik leaders Zinoviev and Kamenev published their opposition in this newspaper, leaking the news and jeopardizing the coup d'etat. This move was later used against them by Stalin.

It should not be confused with the Bolsheviks' paper Novaya Zhizn, which was published for two months in 1905.

Nikolai Sukhanov
Nikolai Nikolaevich Himmer (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Xиммер); commonly known as Nikolai Sukhanov (Russian: Никола́й Суха́нов) (9 December [O.S. 27 November] 1882 – 29 June 1940) was a Russian Menshevik Internationalist and chronicler of the Russian Revolution. On June 29, 1940, he was convicted on false charges by the Soviet government and shot. He was rehabilitated in reputation after Stalin's death.
Penn State DuBois
Penn State DuBois is a commonwealth campus of the Pennsylvania State University and it is located in DuBois, Pennsylvania. The campus was established in 1935, but in May 2025 Penn State officials announced it would close after the Spring 2027 semester, citing low enrollment and financial losses.

Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses
The Pennsylvania State University is a geographically-dispersed university with campuses located throughout Pennsylvania. While the administrative hub of the university is located at its flagship campus in Penn State University Park, the 19 additional Commonwealth Campuses together enroll 37 percent of Penn State's undergraduate student population.
Parmouti 16
Parmouti 15 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 17

The sixteenth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 11, of the Julian calendar, and April 24, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Parmouti 17
Parmouti 16 – Coptic calendar – Parmouti 18

The seventeenth day of the Coptic month of Parmouti, the eighth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to April 12, of the Julian calendar, and April 25, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
George Campbell Wheeler
George Campbell Wheeler VC (7 April 1880 – 26 August 1938) was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

9th Gorkha Rifles
The 9th Gorkha Rifles is a Gorkha infantry regiment of the Indian Army and, previously, the British Army. The regiment was initially formed by the British in 1817, and was one of the Gurkha regiments transferred to the Indian Army after independence as part of the tripartite agreement in 1947. This Gorkha regiment mainly recruits soldiers who come from Nepal's Gorkhali khas community i.e. the Chhetri and Thakuri clans and it was formed for only khas Chhetri and Thakuri . Domiciled Indian Gorkhas are also recruited, and they form about 20 percent of the regiment's total strength. The 9 Gorkha Rifles is one of the seven Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army. The other regiments are 1 GR, 3 GR, 4 GR, 5 GR (FF), 8 GR and 11 GR.
Huachipato FC
Huachipato FC is a Chilean football club based in Talcahuano that currently plays in the Chilean Primera División. Huachipato was founded on 7 June 1947 by workers of the homonymous steel mill in Talcahuano, and it currently plays its home games at the Estadio Huachipato-CAP Acero which it owns, being one of only five Chilean professional football clubs to own their own ground.

Huachipato have been Chilean champions three times and it is the only team from Southern Chile to ever win the Chilean top flight title. Huachipato is known in Chile from its academy and youth talent production that makes up the bulk of their squad, qualifying for the U-20 Copa Libertadores twice, both times as reigning youth Chilean champions.

Unión Española
Club Unión Española S.A.D.P. is a professional football club based in the Independencia neighborhood, commune of Santiago, Chile currently participating in the Primera B, after being relegated at the end of the 2025 season.
Crimean Trolleybus
The Crimean Trolleybus Line in Crimea is the world's longest trolleybus line. It is 86 kilometres (53 mi) long, between the capital of Crimea, Simferopol, and the coastal city of Yalta on the Black Sea.

Managed by the public transport company Krymtrolleybus, it was built in 1959 in the Ukrainian SSR as an alternative to extending the railway line in Simferopol over the mountains to the coast. It opened in two parts: Simferopol–Alushta in 1959 and Alushta–Yalta in 1961. The journey time to Alushta is about 1+1⁄2 hours, to Yalta about 2+1⁄2 hours, and the fare is about ₴15 (since March 2014, ₽58).

It passes through the Crimean Mountains across the Angarskyi Pass, reaching 752 metres (2,500 ft) at the highest point, then descends to the resort town of Alushta on the coast. The remaining distance to Yalta is 41 kilometres (25 mi) and winds around the mountains above the sea.

Simferopol
Simferopol (/ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl/ SIM-fər-OH-pəl), also known as Aqmescit, is the second-largest city on the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but controlled by Russia. It is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

Since 2014 it has been under the de facto control of Russia, which annexed Crimea that year and regards Simferopol as the capital of the Republic of Crimea.

Simferopol is an important political, economic and transport hub of the peninsula, and serves as the administrative centre of both Simferopol Municipality and the surrounding Simferopol District. Its population was 332,317 (2014 Census).

After the 1784 annexation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire, the Russian empress decreed the foundation of a city named Simferopol on the location of the Crimean Tatar town of Aqmescit ("White Mosque").
56th Battalion (Calgary), CEF
The 56th Battalion (Calgary), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. The 56th Battalion was authorized on 7 November 1914 and embarked for Britain on 20 March 1916. It provided reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field until 6 July 1916, when its personnel were absorbed by the 9th Reserve Battalion, CEF. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1917.

The battalion recruited in and was mobilized at Calgary, Alberta.

The battalion was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel William Charles Gordon Armstrong from 1 April 1916 to 6 July 1916.

Members of the battalion included future Calgary Mayor James Cameron Watson, oilman Eric Harvie, and Scottish footballer William Strang.

The 56th Battalion was awarded the battle honour The Great War, 1915–16.

The 56th Battalion (Calgary), CEF is perpetuated by the Calgary Highlanders.

William Charles Gordon Armstrong
William Charles Gordon Armstrong, was one of the "best known pioneers" in the early history of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Armstrong was a successful and influential real estate magnate, municipal politician, and military officer. He is chiefly remembered for organizing Calgary's first military unit, the Canadian Mounted Rifles, as well as organizing and commanding Calgary's first official infantry unit, the 103rd Regiment (Calgary Rifles).
Takasaki Line
The Takasaki Line (Japanese: 高崎線, romanized: Takasaki-sen) is a Japanese railway line which connects Ōmiya Station in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture and Takasaki Station in Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture. It is owned and operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

All services on the line (excluding through Shonan-Shinjuku Line trains) run to/from Ueno Station in Tokyo via the Tōhoku Main Line. The line was extended to Tokyo Station via the Ueno-Tokyo Line that opened in March 2015.

As the Takasaki Line serves many major cities within Saitama Prefecture, it is a vital means of transport within the prefecture. National Route 17 and its historical predecessor, the Nakasendō, run parallel to the line.

Ōmiya Station (Saitama)
Ōmiya Station (大宮駅, Ōmiya-eki) is a major interchange railway station in Ōmiya-ku, Saitama, Japan, jointly operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East), Saitama New Urban Transit and private railway operator Tōbu Railway. It is the busiest JR East station in Saitama Prefecture.