hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gråkallen Line
The Gråkallen Line (Norwegian: Gråkallbanen) is an 8.8-kilometre (5.5 mi) suburban tram line located in Trondheim, Norway. As the only remaining part of the Trondheim Tramway, it runs from the city centre at St. Olav's Gate, via the suburban area Byåsen to Lian. It is designated Line 9 (previously Line 1), and is served by six Class 8 articulated trams. After the closure of the Arkhangelsk tramway in 2004, it became the world's northernmost tramway system.

The line was opened as the only private tramway in Trondheim by A/S Graakalbanen in 1924. At first it was built to Munkvoll, but extended to Ugla in 1925, and to Lian in 1933. Operations were taken over by the municipal Trondheim Trafikkselskap in 1972, but it was closed along with the rest of the tramway in 1988. In 1990, the private initiative AS Gråkallbanen opened the line, later known as Boreal Bane. Located at Munkvoll is the tramway museum and depot.

Graakalbanen
A/S Graakalbanen was a private company that built and operated the Gråkallen Line of the Trondheim Tramway between 1924 and 1972. Established in 1916, it bought large land areas in Byåsen, and built a tramway through these to reach the recreational areas in Bymarka. The line first reached Munkvoll in 1924, Ugla in 1925, and finally Lian in 1933. The company owned through its history seven trams and five trailers, and only in the last few years did it operate six borrowed TS Class 7 trams.

The company had financial difficulties throughout its life. Only in the 1940s and 50s was traffic sufficient to create a profit. To supplement, the company was a large land owner, and sold housing lots along the line to increase ridership and generate income. It also operated sales of ice, and the recreational area at Lian. The company was bought by the city in 1966, and merged with Trondheim Sporvei and Bynesruten in 1972 to form Trondheim Trafikkselskap.
Love Me, Alfredo!
Love Me, Alfredo! (Italian: Amami, Alfredo!) is a 1940 Italian romantic drama film directed by Carmine Gallone and starring Maria Cebotari, Claudio Gora and Lucie Englisch. It portrays the relationship between an established opera singer and her lover an unknown composer. The title is a reference to Verdi's La Traviata. It was shot at Cinecittà Studios in Rome. The film's sets were designed by the art director Guido Fiorini.

Maria Cebotari
Maria Cebotari (original name: Ciubotaru, 10 February 1910 – 9 June 1949) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian lyric coloratura soprano who made her career in Germany. She was widely known as a soprano by the mid 1930s and noted in particular for her wide range of repertoire.

Beniamino Gigli stated that Cebotari was one of the greatest female voices he had ever heard. Maria Callas was compared to her, and Angela Gheorghiu named Maria Cebotari among the artists she admires the most.

With thousands of people in attendance, her funeral was "one of the most imposing demonstrations of love and honor any deceased artist has ever received" in the history of Vienna.
Henry Fowler (engineer)
Sir Henry Fowler, KBE  (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was an English railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

Chief mechanical engineer
Chief mechanical engineer and locomotive superintendent are titles applied by British, Australian, and New Zealand railway companies to the person ultimately responsible to the board of the company for the building and maintaining of the locomotives and rolling stock. In Britain, the post of locomotive superintendent was introduced in the late 1830s, and chief mechanical engineer in 1886.
Monica Galetti
Monica Galetti (née Faʻafiti, born 26 August 1975) is a Samoan-born New Zealand chef. She is a judge on the BBC competitive cooking programme MasterChef: The Professionals and was the chef proprietor of Mere in London before its closure. She was senior sous-chef at Le Gavroche in London. In addition to her role on MasterChef: The Professionals, she has also presented Amazing Hotels: Life Beyond the Lobby with Giles Coren and Rob Rinder since 2017.

Le Gavroche
Le Gavroche (The Urchin) was a restaurant at 43 Upper Brook Street in Mayfair, London. It was opened in April 1967 by Michel and Albert Roux at 61 Lower Sloane Street, its premises until 1981. Albert's son Michel Roux Jr was the chef patron from 1991 until its closure in 2024. It was the first restaurant in the UK to be awarded three Michelin stars, which it held from 1982 to 1993.

The restaurant offered classical French food, although some dishes were more modern. Notable dishes included the Soufflé Suissesse (cheese soufflé baked on double cream); Le Caneton Gavroche (whole poached duck in a light consommé served with three sauces for two); and Omelette Rothschild. Its name came from the character Gavroche in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables.

In August 2023, Michel Roux Jr. announced that the restaurant would close at the end of its lease in January 2024, after over 56 years of business. The restaurant's final day of trading was on 13 January 2024.
Carola Roloff
Carola Roloff (born 1959 in Holzminden, Germany) is a Tibetologist, scholar of Buddhism, and Buddhist nun.  Since 2025, she is a Senior Research Fellow in Pluralistic Dialogical Religious Education at the University of Hamburg. Under her monastic name Bhiksuni Jampa Tsedroen, she continues to campaign for gender equity and equal rights for Buddhist nuns.

Holzminden
Holzminden (German pronunciation: [hɔltsˈmɪndn̩] ⓘ; Low German: Holtsminne) is a town in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Holzminden. It is located on the river Weser, which at this point forms the border with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet
Sir David Pieter de Villiers Graaff, 1st Baronet (30 March 1859 – 13 April 1931) was a South African cold storage magnate and politician. Graaff revolutionized the cold storage industry in Africa.  He founded the Imperial Cold Storage and Supply Company in 1899, and aggressively ran it until he left to serve in government.  Graaff grew the company into one of the largest in Africa. Graaff's wealth soared, at the turn of the century.  During World War I he personally part financed the South African war effort and for this he was knighted as well as for services at the Paris Peace Conference 1919.

Imperial Cold Storage and Supply Company
Imperial Cold Storage and Supply Company (ICS) was one of the largest meat processing, storage, distribution and marketing companies in South Africa, dominating the South African packaged food sector for almost a hundred years.  The company was formally registered and listed as ICS in 1899, originally it grew out of Combrinck & CO. which was founded in 1830 in Cape Town. Combrinck & CO. was then merged into ICS.: 13–15   ICS was one of the largest meat processing and distribution companies in the world. The company originally concentrated on supplying ships, but would go on to develop the first cold-storage enterprise in South Africa in conjunction with the Union and Castle shipping lines. Sir David Graaff, 1st Baronet was a founder, chairman and major shareholder.
Hna Pin Lain Tae Yee Sar Sar
Hna Pin Lain Tae Yee Sar Sar (Burmese: နှစ်ပင်လိမ်တဲ့ရည်းစားစာ) is a 2012 Burmese romantic-comedy film, directed by Nyi Nyi Htun Lwin starring Yan Aung, Ye Aung, Pyay Ti Oo, Kyaw Kyaw Bo, Myint Myint Khine, Soe Myat Thuzar, Khine Hnin Wai and Wutt Hmone Shwe Yi.

Soe Myat Thuzar
Soe Myat Thuzar (Burmese: စိုးမြတ်သူဇာ; born 31 August 1971) is a three-times Myanmar Academy awarded Burmese actress and writer. She is best known for acting in many Burmese films.

She started her acting career in September 1989.
Mohr v. Williams
Mohr v. Williams, 104 N.W. 12 (Minn. 1905) is a decision of the Minnesota Supreme Court authored by Calvin L. Brown. For almost a century, this case has been used in first-year Torts classes in American law schools to teach students about informed consent.

Calvin Brown
Calvin Luther Brown (April 26, 1854 – September 24, 1923) was an American lawyer and judge from Minnesota. He served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from January 1913 until his death.  In 1905, he authored Mohr v. Williams, a famous torts case.

He died at his home in Minneapolis on September 24, 1923.
Don DeVito
Don DeVito (September 6, 1939 – November 25, 2011) was an American record producer, music business executive and guitarist.  His career was spent at Columbia Records, where his production credits included Bob Dylan's albums Desire, Hard Rain, Street-Legal, and Bob Dylan At Budokan.

Hard Rain (Bob Dylan album)
Hard Rain is a live album by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released on September 13, 1976, by Columbia Records. The album was recorded during two concerts in May 1976 during the second leg of the Rolling Thunder Revue. The second of these concerts was recorded by NBC and released as a television special to coincide with the album's release. Hard Rain received mixed reviews.
Brewers Droop
Brewers Droop was a Southern English pub rock band of the early 1970s.  Though they did not chart, they are notable as an early exponent of the pub rock style, as well as for their connections with Dire Straits, as both Mark Knopfler and Pick Withers played with the group for a few months in 1973.

Pick Withers
David "Pick" Withers (born 4 April 1948) is an English drummer. He was the original drummer of the rock band Dire Straits and played on their first four albums, which included hit singles such as "Sultans of Swing", "Romeo and Juliet" and "Private Investigations". Withers was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Dire Straits in 2018.
Agluona (Akmenė)
The Agluona  is a river of Akmenė district municipality, Lithuania. It flows for 23.4 kilometres and has a basin area of 188 km². It is a left tributary of the Vadakstis river (the Venta River basin).

The Agluona starts near Stipirkiai village and flows north-westwards. It meets the Vadakstis near Kesiai village, by the Latvian border.

By the Agluona, lies the village of Kivyliai where the Kivyliai Reservoir is located (area 81 hectares (200 acres)).

The name Agluona comes from Lithuanian: eglė, aglė 'spruce tree'.

Vadakste
The Vadakste (Lithuanian: Vadakstis) is a river in southern Latvia and northern Lithuania. It is a right tributary of the Venta River. The length is 82.2 km (51.1 mi), of which over 55 km (34 mi) follow the Latvia–Lithuania border. The catchment area is 1,230 km2 (470 sq mi). It originates near the city Auce, Latvia. It flows first in a southwest, and then in a westerly direction. It begins to flow along the border between Latvia and Lithuania from the village of Vegeriai. It flows into Venta at 184.2 km (114.5 mi) from its mouth, in the village of Griežė, 2 km (1.2 mi) northwest of Leckava.

The main tributaries: Ašva, Ezere River, Agluona and Avīkne. The average river slope is 73 cm/km.
Ness of Brodgar
The Ness of Brodgar is a Neolithic archaeological site covering 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) located between the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness in the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site on Mainland, Orkney, Scotland. Excavations took place from 2003 to 2024, after which the site was infilled to protect the exposed structures from environmental damage.

The site has provided evidence of decorated stone slabs, a stone wall 6 metres (20 ft) thick with foundations, and a large building described as a Neolithic temple. Activity at the site can be dated to around 3500–3400 BC. By 2200 BC, the site had been closed down and partially dismantled.

Carved stone balls
Carved stone balls are petrospheres dated from the Late Neolithic, to possibly as late as the Iron Age, mainly found in Scotland, but also elsewhere in Britain and Ireland. They are usually round and rarely oval, and of fairly uniform size at around 2+3⁄4 inches or 7 cm across, with anything between 3 and 160 protruding knobs on the surface. They range from having no ornamentation (apart from the knobs) to extensive and highly varied engraved patterns. A wide range of theories has been produced to explain their use or significance, with none gaining very wide acceptance.

They are not to be confused with the much larger smooth round stone spheres of Costa Rica.
Trapezoid graph
In graph theory, trapezoid graphs are intersection graphs of trapezoids between two horizontal lines. They are a class of co-comparability graphs that contain interval graphs and permutation graphs as subclasses. A graph is a trapezoid graph if there exists a set of trapezoids corresponding to the vertices of the graph such that two vertices are joined by an edge if and only if the corresponding trapezoids intersect. Trapezoid graphs were introduced by Dagan, Golumbic, and Pinter in 1988. There exists  algorithms for chromatic number, weighted independent set, clique cover, and maximum weighted clique.

Permutation graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a permutation graph is a graph whose vertices represent the elements of a permutation, and whose edges represent pairs of elements that are reversed by the permutation. Permutation graphs may also be defined geometrically, as the intersection graphs of line segments whose endpoints lie on two parallel lines. Different permutations may give rise to the same permutation graph; a given graph has a unique representation (up to permutation symmetry) if it is prime with respect to the modular decomposition.
Multimodal learning
Multimodal learning is a type of deep learning that integrates and processes multiple types of data, referred to as  modalities, such as text, audio, images, or video. This integration allows for a more holistic understanding of complex data, improving model performance in tasks like visual question answering, cross-modal retrieval, text-to-image generation, aesthetic ranking, and image captioning.

Large multimodal models, such as Google Gemini and GPT-4o, have become increasingly popular since 2023, enabling increased versatility and a broader understanding of real-world phenomena.

GPT-4o
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is a multilingual, multimodal generative pre-trained transformer developed by OpenAI and released in May 2024. It can process and generate text, images and audio.

Upon release, GPT-4o was free in ChatGPT, though paid subscribers had higher usage limits. GPT-4o was removed from ChatGPT in August 2025 when GPT-5 was released, but OpenAI reintroduced it for paid subscribers after users complained about the sudden removal.

GPT-4o's audio-generation capabilities are used in ChatGPT's Advanced Voice Mode. On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o which replaced GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. The image generation model GPT Image 1, which is based on GPT-4o, replaced DALL-E 3 in ChatGPT in March 2025.

OpenAI retired GPT-4o from ChatGPT on February 13, 2026. However, as of February 2026 the voice mode is still powered by GPT-4o or GPT-4o mini, depending on the usage and plan.
William Brent Bell
William Brent Bell (September 17, 1970) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is known for films Stay Alive (2006), The Devil Inside (2012), Wer (2013), The Boy (2016), Brahms: The Boy II (2020), Separation (2021), Orphan: First Kill (2022), Lord of Misrule (2023), and Orphans (2026). His films have grossed over $300 million worldwide at the box office.

Stay Alive
Stay Alive is a 2006 American supernatural techno horror film directed by William Brent Bell, who co-wrote it with Matthew Peterman. The film was produced by Joseph McGinty Nichol, and released on March 24, 2006, in the United States by Hollywood Pictures.
Chak Beli Khan
Chak Beli Khan (Urdu: چک بیلی خان ) is a town and union council of Rawalpindi District, Punjab, Pakistan central to a large population. It is located in the Pothohar Plateau near the Soan River and the Jabba river. It has a large marketplace. It is one of the large towns in Rawalpindi District.

Chak Beli Khan is the commercial hub of all the surrounding areas which includes more than 110 villages. Chak Beli Khan is business center of area belongs to PP10 (Rawalpindi), as well as the largest area in terms of population as per the 2017 census. It contains all the basic necessities of life.

Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau (Punjabi: پوٹھوہار پَٹھوار, romanized: Pо̄ṭhoā̀r Paṭhwār; Urdu: سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار, romanized: Satāh Murtafā Pо̄ṭhohār), also known as the Northern Punjab Plateau, is a plateau within the Sagar Doab of north-western Punjab in Pakistan. It is located between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
KXTQ-CD
KXTQ-CD (channel 46) is a low-power, Class A television station in Lubbock, Texas, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Media alongside NBC affiliate KCBD (channel 11), CW+ affiliate KLCW-TV (channel 22) and three other low-power stations—MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYL-LD (channel 14), Heroes & Icons affiliate KABI-LD (channel 42), and MeTV affiliate KLBB-LD (channel 48). Gray also provides certain services to Fox affiliate KJTV-TV (channel 34) and low-power Class A independent KJTV-CD (channel 32) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with SagamoreHill Broadcasting. The stations share studios at 98th Street and University Avenue in south Lubbock, where KXTQ-CD's transmitter is also located.

KMYL-LD
KMYL-LD (channel 14) is a low-power television station in Lubbock, Texas, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Media alongside NBC affiliate KCBD (channel 11) and Wolfforth-licensed CW+ affiliate KLCW-TV (channel 22), as well as three other low-power stations—Class A Telemundo affiliate KXTQ-CD (channel 46), Snyder-licensed Heroes & Icons affiliate KABI-LD (channel 42), and MeTV affiliate KLBB-LD (channel 48). Gray also provides certain services Fox affiliate KJTV-TV (channel 34) and low-power Class A independent KJTV-CD (channel 32) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with SagamoreHill Broadcasting. The stations share studios at 98th Street and University Avenue in south Lubbock, where KMYL-LD's transmitter is also located.

In addition to its own digital signal, KMYL-LD is simulcast on the second subchannel of KLCW-TV in order to reach the entire market.
Wang Feng (diver)
Wang Feng (Chinese: 王峰; pinyin: Wáng Fēng; born April 17, 1979, in Xintai, Tai'an, Shandong) is a Chinese athlete who competes in diving. He competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

He claimed the gold medal at the 2008 World Cup - 3m springboard synchro event. He and Qin Kai are the 2008 Olympic Champions in 3m synchro.

Qin Kai (diver)
Qin Kai (Chinese: 秦凯; pinyin: Qín Kǎi; born January 31, 1986) is a Chinese diver. He competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, and the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
Chihei Hatakeyama
Chihei Hatakeyama (畠山地平, Hatakeyama Chihei; born in 1978, Kanagawa Prefecture) is an electronic music artist from Tokyo, Japan.  He grew up in the suburbs of Fujisawa. He released his first full-length album, Minima Moralia on Kranky in 2006.  He is the owner of the record label White Paddy Mountain which he launched in 2010.

Hatakeyama's music is characteristically very slow, composed by repeatedly processing guitars, pianos, and vibraphones on a laptop.  The result is a mix of droning chords and sparse single instruments rising above the mix.  His music may be classified as either ambient music, experimental music or new-age music. Chihei Hatakeyama has released over 70 albums as of 2020.

Kranky (record label)
Kranky (stylized as kranky) is an American independent record label based in Chicago. It was founded in 1993 by Joel Leoschke and Bruce Adams, who both had backgrounds in the music industry. The label releases experimental music, such as ambient and post-rock.
Academy Building (Fall River, Massachusetts)
Academy Building (also known as "Academy of Music Building" or "Borden Block") is a historic building in Fall River, Massachusetts. The building was constructed in 1875 as a memorial to Nathaniel Briggs Borden by his family. It opened its doors on January 6, 1876.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Nathaniel B. Borden
Nathaniel Briggs Borden (April 15, 1801 – April 10, 1865) was a businessman and politician from Fall River, Massachusetts. He served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts's 10th congressional district from 1835 to 1839 and again from 1841 to 1843. He later served as a member of the Massachusetts General Court, first as a state Senator, and later a state representative. He also served as the third mayor of Fall River. His business career included interests textile mills, banking and railroads. He was the younger brother of noted land surveyor Simeon Borden.
Picea glauca
Picea glauca, the white spruce, is a species of spruce native to the northern temperate and boreal forests in Canada and United States, North America.

Picea glauca is native from central Alaska all through the east, across western and southern/central Canada to the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario and south to Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Upstate New York and Vermont, along with the mountainous and immediate coastal portions of New Hampshire and Maine, where temperatures are just barely cool and moist enough to support it. There is also an isolated population in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. It is also known as Canadian spruce, skunk spruce, cat spruce, Black Hills spruce, western white spruce, Alberta white spruce, and Porsild spruce.

Picea × albertiana
Picea × albertiana (Alberta spruce, Interior spruce, or hybrid white spruce) is a nothospecies that is a natural cross between white spruce and Engelmann spruce. It is a dominant forest species in interior British Columbia where the ranges of the two parent species overlap.
Winchester Model 1892
The Winchester Model 1892 is a lever-action repeating rifle designed by John Browning as a smaller, lighter version of his large-frame Model 1886, and which replaced the Model 1873 as the company's lever-action for pistol-caliber rounds such as the .44-40.

.44-40 Winchester
The .44-40 Winchester (10.8×33mmR), also known as .44 Winchester, .44 WCF (Winchester Center Fire), is a .44 caliber centerfire small arms metallic cartridge introduced in 1873 by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. It was the first of its kind manufactured by Winchester, and was promoted as the standard chambering for the new Winchester Model 1873 rifle. As both a rifle and a handgun caliber, the cartridge soon became widely popular, so much so that the Winchester Model 1873 rifle became known as "The gun that won the West."
Farangis Yeganegi
Farangis Yeganegi (Shahrokh) (Persian: فرنگیس یگانگی)
(11 May 1916 Tehran – 13 February 2010 California) was the Founder and Director of Iranian Handicrafts Organization. She was also Assistant Secretary General of Women's Organization of Iran.

She has built a library in Tehran and named it after her deceased husband,"Ardeshir Yeganegi".

Women's Organization of Iran
The Women's Organization of Iran (WOI; Persian: سازمان زنان ایران) was a non-profit organization created in 1966, mostly run by volunteers, with local branches and centers for women all over the country, determined to enhance the rights of women in Iran. The WOI had committees working on health, literacy, education, law, social welfare, handicrafts, international affairs, provincial affairs, membership and fund raising. Its Women's Centers provided literacy classes and vocational training, family-planning information and legal advice. By 1975, the International Year of the Woman, the WOI had established 349 branches, 120 women's centers, a training center and a center for research. It succeeded in making women's rights part of the national agenda, but was dismantled with the Islamic Revolution in 1979.