hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Main Post Office, Novosibirsk
Main Post Office (Russian: Здание главного почтамта) is a building in Zheleznodorozhny City District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located on the corner of Lenin and Sovetskaya streets. The building was built in 1916. Architect: Andrey Kryachkov.

Sovetskaya Street, Novosibirsk
Sovetskaya Street (Russian: Советская улица) is a street in Novosibirsk, Russia. It branches off from Krasny Avenue near the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and then runs north parallel to it. Sovetskaya Street ends at the intersection with Zheleznodorozhnaya and Pisarev streets.

Sovetskaya Street is the border between the Tsentralny and Zheleznodorozhny districts of the city.
Lev Pontryagin
Lev Semyonovich Pontryagin (Russian: Лев Семёнович Понтрягин, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin, first name sometimes anglicized as Leon) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. Completely blind from the age of 14, he made major discoveries in a number of fields of mathematics, including algebraic topology, differential topology and optimal control.

International Mathematical Union
The International Mathematical Union (IMU) is an international organization devoted to international cooperation in the field of mathematics across the world. It is a member of the International Science Council (ISC) and supports the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM). Its members are national mathematics organizations from more than 80 countries.

The objectives of the International Mathematical Union are: promoting international cooperation in mathematics, supporting and assisting the International Congress of Mathematicians and other international scientific meetings/conferences, acknowledging outstanding research contributions to mathematics through the awarding of scientific prizes, and encouraging and supporting other international mathematical activities, considered likely to contribute to the development of mathematical science in any of its aspects, whether pure, applied, or educational.
2025 Rio Open
The 2025 Rio Open, also known as Rio Open presented by Claro for sponsorship reasons, was a professional men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 11th edition of the Rio Open, and part of the ATP Tour 500 tournaments of the 2025 ATP Tour. It took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between 17 and 23 February, 2025.

2025 ATP Tour
The 2025 ATP Tour was the global elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2025 tennis season. The 2025 ATP Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP Finals, the ATP Tour Masters 1000, the ATP 500, the ATP 250, and the United Cup (organized with the WTA). Also included in the 2025 calendar are the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), Next Gen ATP Finals, Hopman Cup and Laver Cup, none of which distribute ranking points.
San Zeno Altarpiece (Mantegna)
The San Zeno Altarpiece is a polyptych altarpiece by the Italian Renaissance painter Andrea Mantegna created around 1456–1459. It remains in situ in the Basilica di San Zeno, the main church of the Northern Italian city of Verona. Mantegna's style mixes Greco-Roman classical themes along with Christian subjects in this altarpiece. The central panel, along with the three paintings that comprise the predella, were taken in 1797 by the French. While the main, central scene was returned by the French to Verona in 1815, the three predella paintings in Verona today are copies, since the original ones remain in France at the Louvre (Crucifixion) and in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Tours (Resurrection and Agony in the Garden). The paintings are made with tempera on panel; not oil as mistakenly identified in one source.

San Zaccaria Altarpiece
The San Zaccaria Altarpiece (also called Madonna Enthroned with Child and Saints) is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Giovanni Bellini,  executed in 1505 and located in the church of San Zaccaria, Venice.
Mizuame
Mizuame (水飴, literally "water candy", also known as millet jelly) is a sweetener from Japan. A clear, thick, sticky liquid, it is made by converting starch to sugars. Mizuame is added to wagashi to give them a sheen, eaten in ways similar to honey, and can be a main ingredient in sweets. Some mizuame are produced in a very similar fashion to corn syrup and are very similar in taste.

Two methods are used to convert the starches to sugars. The traditional method is to take glutinous rice mixed with malt, and let the natural enzymatic process take place, converting the starch to syrup which consists mainly of maltose. The second and more common method is acid hydrolysis of potato starch or sweet potato starch by adding acid, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric or nitric acids, to make glucose syrup. If done by the first method, the final product, known as malt mizuame (麦芽水飴), is considered more flavorful than the acid version.

Glucose syrup
Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch. Glucose is a sugar. Maize (corn) is commonly used as the source of the starch in the US, in which case the syrup is called "corn syrup", but glucose syrup is also made from potatoes and wheat, and less often from barley, rice and cassava.p. 21

Glucose syrup containing over 90% glucose is used in industrial fermentation, but syrups used in confectionery contain varying amounts of glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade, and can typically contain 10% to 43% glucose. Glucose syrup is used in foods to sweeten, soften texture and add volume. By converting some glucose in corn syrup into fructose (using an enzymatic process), a sweeter product, high fructose corn syrup can be produced.

Glucose syrup was first made in 1811 in Russia by Gottlieb Kirchhoff using heat and sulfuric acid.
Koptos colossi
The Koptos colossi, or Coptos colossi, are a series of three monumental statues, now in the Ashmolean Museum and the Cairo Museum, discovered in an ancient temple of Min at Koptos, Egypt, by Flinders Petrie at the end of the 19th century, in 1894.

Min symbol (hieroglyph)
The Min symbol, or Emblem of Min, is a typographic ligature of two Egyptian hieroglyphs used to designate the ancient Egyptian god of fertility Min:

two opposing-faced arrows

a vertical "crook" or staff
MV Agusta
MV Agusta (Italian pronunciation: [ˌɛmmeˈvi aˈgusta], full name: MV AGUSTA Motor S.p.A., original name: Meccanica Verghera Agusta or MV) is an Italian high end motorcycle manufacturer. It was founded by Count Domenico Agusta on 19 January 1945 as one of the branches of the Agusta aircraft company near Milan in Cascina Costa. The abbreviation MV stands for Meccanica (mechanics) Verghera, the hamlet where the first MVs were made. The modern headquarters and main production facilities are located in Varese, Italy on the shore of Lake Varese.

MV Agusta Turismo Veloce
The MV Agusta Turismo Veloce is a motorcycle produced by the Italian motorcycle manufacturer MV Agusta. The machine premiered at the 2013 EICMA, but production was delayed due to the financial crisis being experienced by the manufacturer. The motorcycle was first made available to the press for road tests in April 2015.
238th Street station
The 238th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 238th Street and Broadway in the Kingsbridge neighborhood of the Bronx, it is served by the 1 train at all times.

Built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), the station opened on August 1, 1908, as part of the first subway. The northbound platform was lengthened in 1910 while the southbound platform was lengthened in 1948. In 2018, the fare controls at the station were changed to allow entries in the northbound direction.

215th Street station
The 215th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 215th Street and Tenth Avenue in the Manhattan neighborhood of Inwood, it is served by the 1 train at all times. It is the northernmost subway station in the system on Manhattan Island.

Built by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), the station opened on March 12, 1906, as part of the first subway. The northbound platform was lengthened in 1910 while the southbound platform was lengthened in 1948.
Rural Municipality of Mount Pleasant No. 2
The Rural Municipality of Mount Pleasant No. 2 (2016 population: 414) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 1 and SARM Division No. 1. Located in the southeast portion of the province, it is adjacent to the United States border, neighbouring Renville County in North Dakota.

Division No. 1, Saskatchewan
Division No. 1 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the southeast corner of the province, bordering Manitoba and North Dakota. The most populous community in this division is Estevan.
Lakes State
Lakes is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 43,595.08 km2. Rumbek is the capital of the state. Lakes is in the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan, in addition to Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Western Bahr el Ghazal, and Warrap states. Bahr el Ghazal itself was a former province which was split from the Anglo-Egyptian mudiriyat, or province of Equatoria in 1948. The eastern border was the White Nile with Jonglei State on the opposite bank. To the northeast lied the Unity State. Other borders included Warrap State towards the northwest, Western Equatoria to the south and west, and Central Equatoria to the south.

In July 2011, Ramciel in Lakes state was under consideration by the federal government as a site for a new national capital, which would replace Juba.

Jonglei State
Jonglei State is a state of South Sudan with Bor as its centre of government  and the biggest city. Jonglei state comprises nine counties: Bor, Akobo, Ayod, Uror, Duk,  Nyirol, Pigi, Twic East, and Fangak. Jonglei State is the largest state by area before reorganisation, with an area of approximately 122,581 km2, as well as the most populous according to the 2008 census conducted in present-day South Sudan's second period of autonomy. The boundaries of the state were again changed as a result of a peace  agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In the 21st century, Jonglei State has been marred by ethnic clashes, which the UNMISS estimated in May 2012 had affected the lives of over 140,000 people, and which have been  magnified by the broader South Sudanese conflict since December 2013.
Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. They are also the ancestors of the plants we see today.

Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. "Pteridophyta" is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, for example by the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.

Equisetidae
Equisetidae is one of the four subclasses of Polypodiopsida (ferns), a group of vascular plants with a fossil record going back to the Devonian. They are commonly known as horsetails. They typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needle-like branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.

The Equisetidae were formerly regarded as a separate division of spore plants and called Equisetophyta, Arthrophyta, Calamophyta or Sphenophyta. When treated as a class, the names Equisetopsida s.s. and Sphenopsida have also been used. They are now recognized as rather close relatives of the ferns (Polypodiopsida) of which they form a specialized lineage. However, the division between the horsetails and the other ferns is so ancient that many botanists, especially paleobotanists, still regard this group as fundamentally separate at the higher level.
Birmingham Pride
Birmingham Pride is a weekend-long LGBTQ festival held annually in the Gay Village, Hurst Street, Birmingham, England, over the spring bank holiday weekend. Birmingham Pride is the UK's largest two-day gay pride festival.

Birmingham Gay Village
The Birmingham Gay Village is an LGBT district next to the Chinese Quarter in Birmingham city centre, centred along Hurst Street, which hosts many LGBT-friendly businesses. The village is visited by thousands of people every week and has a thriving night life featuring clubs, sports bars, cocktail bars, cabaret bars and shops, with most featuring live entertainment including music, dancing and drag queens.

The 2017 gay, lesbian and bisexual population of the West Midlands was recorded at 2.2% or 128,920 of the estimated 5.86 million residents of the West Midlands region. In 2009, the gay and lesbian population of Birmingham was estimated to be around 6 per cent or 60,000 of the estimated 1.03 million residents.
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare human disease in which the absence of molybdopterin – and consequently its molybdenum complex, commonly called molybdenum cofactor – leads to accumulation of toxic levels of sulphite and neurological damage. Usually this leads to death within months of birth, due to the lack of active sulfite oxidase. Furthermore, a mutational block in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis causes absence of enzyme activity of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

Fosdenopterin
Fosdenopterin (or cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, cPMP), sold under the brand name Nulibry, is a medication used to reduce the risk of death due to a rare genetic disease known as molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A.

The most common side effects include complications related to the intravenous line, fever, respiratory infections, vomiting, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea.

Fosdenopterin was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2021,  It is the first medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A. and in the European Union in September 2022. The US Food and Drug Administration considers it to be a first-in-class medication.
Baltic Military District
The Baltic Military District (Russian: Прибалтийский военный округ (ПрибВО)) was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Baltic states, formed shortly before the German invasion during World War II. After the end of the war the Kaliningrad Oblast was added to the District's control in 1946, and the territory of Estonia was transferred back to the Baltic Military District from the Leningrad Military District in 1956.

The Baltic Military District was disbanded after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and reorganised into the North Western Group of Forces, which ceased to exist following the withdrawal of all Russian troops from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on 1 September 1994.

11th Army (Soviet Union)
The 11th Army (Russian: 11-я армия) was an army of the Red Army during World War II. The army was formed in the Belarusian Special Military District (BSMD) in 1939 from the former Minsk Army Group. It fought in the Soviet invasion of Poland, the Baltic Operation, the Demyansk Pocket, and the Battle of Kursk. The army disbanded in December 1943.
Elliot Minor
Elliot Minor are an English rock band from York, England. The band consists of lead vocalist and guitarist Alex Davies, vocalist and guitarist Ed Minton, drummer Dan Hetherton, bassist Ed Hetherton and keyboardist Ali Paul. The band had a string of Top 40 singles in the UK chart, including "Jessica", "The White One Is Evil", "Still Figuring Out" alongside their biggest hit "Parallel Worlds". In 2010, the band entered an indefinite hiatus which lasted until 2014 when they played some reunion shows and released a new single before returning to their hiatus. In November 2024, they announced their return from hiatus and are releasing new music and playing select UK city shows in 2025.

Solaris (Elliot Minor album)
Solaris is the second studio album from the English pop rock band Elliot Minor. Solaris was released on 19 October 2009 in all territories except Japan, where it was released several months later on 21 April 2010 with additional bonus tracks. It was the last album released by the band before their indefinite hiatus in late 2010.
Christopher Wylie
Christopher Wylie (born 19 June 1989) is a British-Canadian data consultant. He is noted as the whistleblower who released a cache of documents to The Guardian he obtained while he worked at Cambridge Analytica. This prompted the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, which triggered multiple government investigations and raised wider concerns about privacy, the unchecked power of Big Tech, and Western democracy's vulnerability to disinformation. Wylie was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2018. He appeared in the 2019 documentary The Great Hack. He is the head of insight and emerging technologies at H&M.

The Great Hack
The Great Hack is a 2019 documentary film about the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal, produced and directed by Jehane Noujaim and Karim Amer, both previous documentary Academy Award nominees for The Square. The film's music was composed by Emmy-nominated film composer Gil Talmi. The Great Hack premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival in the Documentary Premieres section and was released by Netflix on July 24, 2019.

The documentary focuses on David Carroll of Parsons and The New School, Brittany Kaiser (former business development director for Cambridge Analytica), and British investigative journalist Carole Cadwalladr. Their stories interweave to expose the work of Cambridge Analytica in the politics of various countries, including the United Kingdom's Brexit campaign and the 2016 United States elections.
Asplanchna
Asplanchna is a genus of rotifers belonging to the family Asplanchnidae.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Asplanchna brightwellii Gosse, 1850

Aplanchna priodonta Gosse, 1850

Aplanchna asymmetrica Shiel & Koste, 1985

Aplanchna girodi de Guerne, 1888

Aplanchna herricki de Guerne, 1888

Aplanchna intermedia Hudson, 1886

Aplanchna sieboldii (Leydig, 1854)

Aplanchna silvestrii Daday, 1902

Aplanchna tropica Koste & Tobias, 1989

Asplanchna brightwellii
Asplanchna brightwellii are a species of rotifer from the genus Asplanchna. They are known to inhabit eutrophic water. The sac-like freshwater rotifier is known to eat cladocerans, protozoans, and other rotifers. A. brightwelli are relatively large for rotifiers, transparent and ovoviviparous which makes the species ideal for morphological studies.
DOS
DOS (/dɒs/, /dɔːs/) is a family of disk-based operating systems for IBM PC compatible computers. It primarily consists of IBM PC DOS and a rebranded version, Microsoft's MS-DOS, both of which were introduced in 1981. Later, compatible systems from other manufacturers are DR-DOS (1988), ROM-DOS (1989), PTS-DOS (1993), and FreeDOS (1994). MS-DOS dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995.

Although the name has come to be identified specifically with MS-DOS and compatible operating systems, DOS is a platform-independent acronym for disk operating system, whose use predates the IBM PC. Dozens of other operating systems also use the acronym, beginning with the mainframe DOS/360 from 1966. Others include Apple DOS, Apple ProDOS, Atari DOS, Commodore DOS, TRSDOS, and AmigaDOS.

Pat Villani
Pasquale "Pat" J. Villani (18 April 1954 – 27 August 2011) was an American computer programmer, author, and advocate of free software, best known for his creation of DOS-C, a DOS emulator written in the C language and subsequently adapted as the kernel of the FreeDOS operating system and a number of other projects including DOSEMU for Linux. He used to sign his edits with siglum "patv".
Tim Bray
Timothy William Bray (born June 21, 1955) is a Canadian software developer, environmentalist and political activist and one of the co-authors of the original XML specification. He worked for Amazon Web Services from December 2014 until May 2020 when he quit due to concerns over the terminating of whistleblowers. Previously he has been employed by Google, Sun Microsystems and Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Bray has also founded or co-founded several start-ups, such as Antarctica Systems.

OpenText
Open Text Corporation (styled as opentext) is a global software company that develops and sells information management software.

OpenText, headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, is Canada's fourth-largest software company as of 2022, and recognized as one of Canada's top 100 employers 2025 by Mediacorp Canada Inc.

OpenText software applications manage content and unstructured data for large companies, government agencies, and professional service firms. OpenText's main business offerings include data analytics, enterprise information management, AI, cloud solutions, security, and products that address information management requirements, including secure information management of large volumes of content, compliance with regulatory requirements, mobile and online experience management.

OpenText employs 22,900 people worldwide, and is a publicly traded company, listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ (OTEX).
Kanfanar
Kanfanar (Italian: Canfanaro) is a settlement and a municipality in Istria, Croatia.

Kanfanar lies at the interchange of the Istrian Y motorway A8 and A9, as well as on the Divača – Pula-Pola railway, and was formerly the junction of a branchline to Rovinj-Rovigno. In the 18th century, Kanfanar became a municipal center, and it is known for sacred monuments such as the church of St. Silvester from the 13th century, the church of St. Mary of Lakuć from the 14th century and the church of St. Agate from the 10th century.

Rovinj
Rovinj (Croatian: [rǒviːɲ]; Venetian and Italian: Rovigno; Istriot: Ruvèigno or Ruveîgno; Ancient Greek: Ρυγίνιον, romanized: Rygínion; Latin: Ruginium) is a city in west Croatia situated on the north Adriatic Sea with a population of 14,294 (2011). Located on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, it is a popular tourist resort and beach destination, in addition to being an active fishing port. Istriot, a Romance language once widely spoken in this part of Istria, is still spoken by some of the residents. The town is officially bilingual, Croatian and Italian, hence both town names are official and equal.
Cannero Riviera
Cannero Riviera ([càn-ne-ro]; in Western Lombard Càner), is a comune (an Italian municipality) with a population of 973 and an area of 14.46 square kilometres (5.58 sq mi)
in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region of Piedmont. The settlement is situated on the western shore of Lago Maggiore; it is about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin  about 15 kilometres (9 mi) northeast of Verbania and a similar distance from the Italian-speaking, Swiss Canton known as the Ticino.

Cannero Riviera borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Cannobio, Oggebbio, Trarego Viggiona; and across the lake in the Lombard Province of Varese: Brezzo di Bedero,  Germignaga, Luino.

The 19th-century politician Massimo D’Azeglio spent his last years in his villa here.

Oggebbio
Oggebbio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) northeast of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northeast of Verbania.

Oggebbio borders the following municipalities: Aurano, Brezzo di Bedero, Cannero Riviera, Castelveccana, Ghiffa, Porto Valtravaglia, Premeno, Trarego Viggiona.