hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thomas Paprocki
Thomas John Joseph Paprocki (born August 5, 1952) is an American prelate of the Catholic Church who has been serving as bishop of the Diocese of Springfield in Illinois since 2010.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago in Illinois from 2003 to 2010.

Archdiocese of Chicago
The Archdiocese of Chicago (Latin: Archidiœcesis Chicagiensis) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Northeastern Illinois, in the United States. The Vatican erected it as a diocese in 1843 and elevated it to an archdiocese in 1880. Cardinal Blase Joseph Cupich is the archbishop. The cathedral parish for the archdiocese is Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago.

The archdiocese serves over 2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake counties, an area of 1,411 square miles (3,650 km2). It is the metropolitan see of the province of Chicago.
Diocese of Toledo, Ohio
The Diocese of Toledo (in America) (Latin: Dioecesis Toletana in America) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio in the United States.

The diocese is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current bishop of Toledo is Daniel Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese.

James Robert Hoffman
James Robert Hoffman (June 12, 1932 – February 8, 2003) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Toledo in Ohio from 1981 until his death in 2003.  He previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the same diocese from 1978 to 1980.
Battle of Bir Hakeim
The Battle of Bir Hakeim (Arabic pronunciation: [biʔr ħaˈkiːm] ⓘ) took place at Bir Hakeim, an oasis in the Libyan desert south and west of Tobruk, during the Battle of Gazala (26 May – 21 June 1942). The 1st Free French Brigade under Général de brigade Marie-Pierre Kœnig defended the position from 26 May – 11 June against Axis forces of Panzerarmee Afrika commanded by Generaloberst Erwin Rommel. The Panzerarmee captured Tobruk ten days later.

The delay imposed on the Axis offensive by the defence of Bir Hakeim influenced the cancellation of Operation Herkules, the Axis invasion of Malta. Rommel invaded Egypt, slowed by British delaying actions until the First Battle of El Alamein in July, where the Axis advance was stopped. Both sides used the battle for propaganda, Winston Churchill declared the Free French to be the "Fighting French".

Pierre Messmer
Pierre Joseph Auguste Messmer (French: [pjɛʁ mɛsmɛʁ]; 20 March 1916 – 29 August 2007) was a French Gaullist politician. He served as Minister of Armies under Charles de Gaulle from 1960 to 1969 – the longest serving since Étienne François, duc de Choiseul under Louis XV – and then as Prime Minister under Georges Pompidou from 1972 to 1974. A member of the French Foreign Legion, he was considered one of the historical Gaullists, and died aged 91 in the military hospital of the Val-de-Grâce in August 2007. He was elected a member of the Académie française in 1999; his seat was taken over by Simone Veil.
Predigerkirche Zurich
The Predigerkirche is one of the four main churches of the old town of Zürich, Switzerland, besides Fraumünster, Grossmünster and St. Peter. First built in 1231 AD as a Romanesque church of the then Dominican Predigerkloster, the Basilica was converted in the first half of the 14th century, the choir between 1308 and 1350 rebuilt, and a for that time unusual high bell tower was built, regarded as the highest Gothic edifice in Zürich.

History of Zurich
Zurich has been continuously inhabited since Roman times. The vicus of Turicum was established in AD 90, at the site of an existing Gaulish (Helvetic) settlement.

Gallo-Roman culture appears to have persisted beyond the collapse of the Western empire in the 5th century, and it is not until the Carolingian period. A royal castle was built at the site of the Lindenhof, and monasteries are established at Grossmünster and Fraumünster.

Political power lay with these abbeys during medieval times, until the guild revolt in the 14th century which led to the joining of the Swiss Confederacy. Zurich was the focus of the Swiss Reformation led by Huldrych Zwingli, and it came to riches with silk industry in Early Modern times.
Eigenvalue perturbation
In mathematics, an eigenvalue perturbation problem is that of finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a system  that is perturbed from one with known eigenvectors and eigenvalues . This is useful for studying how sensitive the original system's eigenvectors and eigenvalues   are to changes in the system. 
This type of analysis was popularized by Lord Rayleigh, in his investigation of harmonic vibrations of a string perturbed by small inhomogeneities.

The derivations in this article are essentially self-contained and can be found in many texts on numerical linear algebra or numerical functional analysis.
This article is focused on the case of the perturbation of a simple eigenvalue, as opposed to a 
multiplicity of eigenvalues.

Eigendecomposition of a matrix
In linear algebra, eigendecomposition is the factorization of a matrix into a canonical form, whereby the matrix is represented in terms of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Only diagonalizable matrices can be factorized in this way. When the matrix being factorized is a normal or real symmetric matrix, the decomposition is called "spectral decomposition", derived from the spectral theorem.
Thomas Smith (bishop of Carlisle)
Thomas Smith (1615 – 12 April 1702) was an English clergyman, who served as Dean of Carlisle, 1672–1684, and Bishop of Carlisle, 1684–1702. He graduated MA from The Queen's College, Oxford in 1639 and served as chaplain to King Charles II.

Appleby Grammar School
Appleby Grammar School is a co-educational comprehensive secondary school and sixth form in Appleby-in-Westmorland for students aged 11 to 18. Since 2011, it has been an Academy. Until 2013, the school was a registered charity.
2023 Optus outage
The 2023 Optus outage was an unplanned outage of all Optus internet, cellular and fixed-line services in Australia first detected on 8 November 2023 at 04:05 AEDT. The outage caused disruption across government and corporate sectors including hospitals, banks, train services, EFTPOS payment systems, and calls to emergency services. Restoration was gradual with some services being restored around 13:00 AEDT. The outage directly affected more than 10 million people and 400,000 businesses across Australia.

The cause was likely due to several routers disconnecting as an automated protective measure against routing update overload. Optus stated that the outage was not due to a cyberattack.

Optus
Singtel Optus Pty Limited is a major Australian telecommunications company headquartered in Macquarie Park, Sydney. Optus is the second-largest telecommunications company in Australia, with over 11 million customers as of 2023. Its mobile network covers 98.5% of the Australian population, with plans to cover all of Australia by 2025 through its partnership with SpaceX.

It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Singaporean telecommunications company Singtel.
Shanghai Subdistrict
Shanghai Subdistrict (Chinese: 上海街道; pinyin: Shànghǎi Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian province, China. As of 2020, it has 7 residential communities under its administration:

Mudan Community (牡丹社区)

Shanghaixinyuan Community (上海新苑社区)

Heshang Community (河上社区)

Fenghuang Community (凤凰社区)

Xiyang Community (西洋社区)

Jiaotong Community (交通社区)

Wanxiang Community (万象社区)

Taijiang, Fuzhou
Taijiang District (Chinese: 台江; pinyin: Táijiāng; Foochow Romanized: Dài-gĕ̤ng) is one of 6 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, China.

The district has the headquarters of the fast food chain CNHLS (originally "Wallace").
Wir Shetland
Wir Shetland was a short-lived pressure group that demanded greater autonomy for Shetland, an archipelago of Scotland.

It was launched in October 2015, and campaigned for British Crown Dependency status for Shetland, which would separate it from Scotland. It compared itself to the Shetland Movement active in the 1980s and 1990s.

It backed Tavish Scott, the Liberal Democrat MSP for Shetland, in the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, causing resignations from the group.  The group became inactive soon after the election.

Shetland Movement
The Shetland Movement was a pressure group and political party created in 1978 to advocate for greater autonomy in Shetland.  The group called for the creation of a Shetland Assembly or 'Althing' with limited legislative powers and control over direct taxation.  The group's membership included several key public figures in Shetland, including local author, politician and compiler of the Shetland Dictionary, John Graham and Shetland Islands Council Convener from 1986 to 1994, Edward Thomason.
Christoph Eschenbach
Christoph Eschenbach (German: [ˈkʁɪstɔf ˈɛʃn̩bax]; born 20 February 1940) is a German pianist and conductor. Over the past decades, he has held positions as music directors at 13 orchestras worldwide. In 2014, he was awarded a Grammy Award for an album with works by Paul Hindemith and received the prestigious Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2015 for his contributions to music.

In 2025, his biography Christoph Eschenbach: Lebensatem Musik, written by cultural journalist Margarete Zander was published in German.

Tzimon Barto
Tzimon Barto (born Johnny Barto Smith; January 2, 1963, in Eustis, Florida) is an American classical pianist. He is also a bodybuilder, novelist, poet, philosopher and speaks seven languages. He is best known for his work with Christoph Eschenbach, who discovered Barto in 1988.
Nēmontēmi
In the Aztec (Mexica) culture, the Nahuatl word nēmontēmi refers to a period of five intercalary days inserted between the 360 days labeled with numbers and day-names in the main part of the Aztec seasonal calendar. Their location was roughly around 5–18 March every Gregorian year.

Aztec calendar
The Aztec or Mexica calendar is the calendrical system used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout the region.

The Aztec sun stone, often erroneously called the calendar stone, is on display at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
The actual Aztec calendar consists of a 365-day calendar cycle called xiuhpōhualli (year count), and a 260-day ritual cycle called tōnalpōhualli (day count). These two cycles together form a 52-year "century", sometimes called the "calendar round". The xiuhpōhualli is considered to be the agricultural calendar, since it is based on the sun, and the tōnalpōhualli is considered to be the sacred calendar.
2000 Stanley Cup Final
The 2000 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1999–2000 season, and the culmination of the 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils against the Western Conference champion and defending Stanley Cup champion Dallas Stars. The Devils were led by captain Scott Stevens, head coach Larry Robinson and goaltender Martin Brodeur. The Stars were led by captain Derian Hatcher, head coach Ken Hitchcock and goaltender Ed Belfour.

The Devils defeated the defending champion Stars four games to two to win their second Stanley Cup in franchise history. This was the first of two Stanley Cup Final where two relocated teams faced each other; the other being in 2001.

1999–2000 New Jersey Devils season
The 1999–2000 New Jersey Devils season was the 26th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on June 11, 1974, and 18th season since the franchise relocated from Colorado prior to the 1982–83 NHL season.

After firing head coach Robbie Ftorek on March 23, the team won their second Stanley Cup championship on June 10, 2000, in a double-overtime victory in Game 6 of the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals against the Dallas Stars.
Swansea Vineyards
Swansea Vineyards is a winery in Shiloh in Cumberland County, New Jersey. Formerly a produce farm, the vineyard was first planted in 1994, and opened to the public in 2007. Swansea has 12 acres of grapes under cultivation, and producing 2,000 cases of wine per year. The winery is named for the original settlers of Shiloh who were Seventh Day Baptists from Swansea, Wales.

Shiloh, New Jersey
Shiloh is a borough in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Vineland–Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area for statistical purposes. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 444, a decrease of 72 (−14.0%) from the 2010 census count of 516, which in turn reflected a decline of 18 (−3.4%) from the 534 counted in the 2000 census.

Shiloh was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1929, from portions of Hopewell Township and Stow Creek Township, based on the results of a referendum held on May 16, 1929.

It is a dry town, where alcohol is not permitted to be sold by law, though alcohol is available at the winery in the borough.
Massazza
Massazza is a small comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin, Italy and about 4 kilometres (2 mi) southeast of Biella, Italy.

Massazza borders the following municipalities: Benna, Cossato, Mottalciata, Salussola, Verrone, Villanova Biellese. It is home to a castle, built on a spur above the Biellese Baraggia natural area. The edifice was mentioned for the first time in 1239.

Mottalciata
Mottalciata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Biella. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,445 and an area of 18.5 square kilometres (7.1 mi2).

Mottalciata borders the following municipalities: Benna, Buronzo, Castelletto Cervo, Cossato, Gifflenga, Lessona, Massazza, Villanova Biellese.
Chonburi province
Chonburi (Thai: ชลบุรี, RTGS: Chon Buri, [tɕ͡ʰōn bū.rīː] ⓘ) is a province of Thailand (changwat) located in eastern Thailand. Its capital is also named Chonburi. Neighbouring provinces are (clockwise from north) Chachoengsao, Chanthaburi, and Rayong, while the Bay of Bangkok is to the west. Pattaya, a major tourism destination in Thailand, is located in Chonburi, along with Laem Chabang, the country's primary seaport. The population of the province has grown rapidly and now totals 1.7 million residents, although a large portion of the population is floating or unregistered. The registered population as of 31 December 2024 was 1.635 million.

Sukhumvit Road
Sukhumvit Road (Thai: ถนนสุขุมวิท, RTGS: Thanon Sukhumwit, pronounced [tʰā.nǒn sùʔ.kʰǔm.wít]), or Highway 3 (Thai: ทางหลวงแผ่นดินหมายเลข 3), is a major road in Thailand, and a major surface road of Bangkok and other cities.  It follows a coastal route from Bangkok to Khlong Yai District, Trat border to Koh Kong, Cambodia. It is one of the four major highways of Thailand, along with Phahonyothin Road (Highway 1), Mittraphap Road (Highway 2) and Phetkasem Road (Highway 4).

Sukhumvit Road is named after the fifth chief of the Department of Highways, Phra Bisal Sukhumvit. The road was opened in 1936.
Serjeant-at-arms
A serjeant-at-arms or sergeant-at-arms is an officer appointed by a deliberative body, usually a legislature, to keep order during its meetings. The word "serjeant" is derived from the Latin serviens, which means "servant".

In the Middle Ages, the serjeants-at-arms were bodies of armed men retained by the French and English monarchs: the ceremonial maces with which they are associated were originally a type of weapon. Serjeants-at-arms continue to serve a ceremonial role in the Royal Household of the United Kingdom; as such they represent the oldest royal bodyguard in England.

Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom occurs automatically five years after the day on which Parliament first met following a general election, or on an earlier date by royal proclamation at the advice of the prime minister. The monarch's prerogative power to dissolve Parliament was revived by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, which also repealed the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. By virtue of amendments made by the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act to Schedule 1 to the Representation of the People Act 1983, the dissolution of Parliament automatically triggers a general election.

The last dissolution of Parliament occurred on 30 May 2024, following the announcement that the 2024 general election would be held on 4 July.
Constant Vanden Stock
Constant Vanden Stock (Flemish pronunciation: [kɔ̃ːˈstɑ̃ː vɑndə(n) ˈstɔk]; 13 June 1914 – 19 April 2008) was a Belgian football player, trainer, football manager and entrepreneur.

Vanden Stock was chairman of RSC Anderlecht from 1971 to 1996. Under his reign, Anderlecht won the national title ten times, the Belgian Cup seven times, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup twice, the UEFA Cup once and the European Super Cup twice. Constant Vanden Stock was also one of the founders of the introduction of professional football in Belgium. In addition to football, he built the Belle-Vue brewery into a successful global brand. Vanden Stock managed the family brewery, famous for its Kriek and Lambic, until he sold it to beer giant Interbrew, now InBev.

1983–84 UEFA Cup
The 1983–84 UEFA Cup was the 13th season of the UEFA Cup, the third-tier club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). The final was played over two legs at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium, Brussels, Belgium, and at White Hart Lane, London, England. Tottenham Hotspur of England defeated title holders Anderlecht of Belgium, on penalties, after the final finished 2–2 on aggregate, to win the competition for the second time.
Valley Township, Buffalo County, Nebraska
Valley Township is a township in Buffalo County, Nebraska, United States. It is one of twenty-six townships in the county. The population was 158 at the 2000 census. A 2006 estimate placed the township's population at 156.

Buffalo County, Nebraska
Buffalo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 50,084, making it Nebraska's fifth-most populous county. Its county seat is Kearney. The county was created in 1855 and was organized in 1870. It was named after the once-prevalent bison herds of the Great Plains.

Buffalo County is part of the Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Buffalo County is represented by the prefix 9; when the license plate system was established in 1922, the county ranked ninth in number of registered vehicles.
Fosdick Mountains
The Fosdick Mountains (76°32′S 144°45′W﻿ / ﻿76.533°S 144.750°W﻿ / -76.533; -144.750﻿ (Fosdick Mountains)) are an east–west trending mountain range with marked serrate outlines, standing along the south side of Balchen Glacier at the head of Block Bay, in the Ford Ranges of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.

Ford Ranges
The Ford Ranges (77°0′S 144°0′W﻿ / ﻿77.000°S 144.000°W﻿ / -77.000; -144.000﻿ (Ford Ranges)) are a collection of mountain groups and ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica.
Kukerin, Western Australia
Kukerin is a small town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 302 kilometres (188 mi) south-east of Perth between Dumbleyung and Lake Grace just off  Dumbleyung Lake Grace Road on State Route 107. The town itself is small but services a considerable agricultural region in the eastern Shire of Dumbleyung. At the 2021 census, Kukerin and its surrounding areas had a population of 55.

Major roads in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia
Highways and main roads in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia form the basis of a road network, which is primarily used by the mining, agriculture, and tourism industries. Main Roads Western Australia maintains and controls these major roads, with offices based in Northam and Narrogin.

There are six main highways through the Wheatbelt that radiate out from Perth:

Brand Highway (north-west to Geraldton)

Great Northern Highway (north-east to Wyndham)

Great Eastern Highway (east to Kalgoorlie)

Great Southern Highway (east to York, then south to Cranbrook)

Brookton Highway (east-south-east to Brookton)

Albany Highway (south-east to Albany)

A network of main roads connects towns within the Wheatbelt to each other, the highways, and neighbouring regions, with local roads providing additional links and access to smaller townsites. Roads are often named after the towns they connect.
Dundas (provincial electoral district)
Dundas was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1867 at the time of confederation and was abolished in 1933 before the 1934 election. It was redistributed into the riding of Grenville-Dundas.

Grenville-Dundas (provincial electoral district)
Grenville-Dundas was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1934 to 1975.  It was created in 1934 from the ridings of Grenville and Dundas. In 1975, Grenville was redistributed into the riding of Carleton-Grenville, and Dundas was redistributed into the riding of Stormont-Dundas and Glengarry.
Singapore national netball team
The Singapore national netball team are the national netball team representing Singapore. The Singapore team have competed at the Netball World Cup eleven times (1967, 1975, 1983, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023) and hosted the World Cup twice (1983, 2011).

They have won four Asian Netball Championships (2005, 2012, 2014, 2024), three Nations Cup titles (2006, 2007 and 2023) and one Southeast Asian Games gold medal (2015).

In 2005, the team won their first Asian Netball Championship with a win over the Malaysian team, scoring 53–39 in the finals.

In 2015, the team clinched the Southeast Asian Games gold medal edging out rivals Malaysia, 46-43 in the final.

As of 1st September 2025, Singapore are 22nd on the World Netball Rankings. The team was also named 2025 Team of the Year (Team Sport) at the Singapore Sports Awards.

Malaysia national netball team
The Malaysia national netball team represents Malaysia in international netball competition at the quadrennial World Netball Championships for the INF Netball World Cup. Malaysia lost the title at the 2005 Asian Netball Championships to Singapore, 53–39. Malaysia qualified for the 2011 World Netball Championships in Singapore, finishing 16th. The team was coached by Choo Kon Lee. As of 2 December 2019, Malaysia is world ranked at 25th. Following the appointment of Australia's Tracey Robinson as head coach in 2016 the team were the 2018 Asian Netball Championships, defeating Sri Lanka. Another title followed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games captained by Nur Syafazliyana against Singapore. They defended their title at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games, beating Singapore 48-42.