hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet-level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). The Secretary was supported by an Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies.

Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
The Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a junior Ministerial post in the United Kingdom government, subordinate to the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies.

In 1801 the offices of Under-Secretary of State for War and Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies were merged to create the new office. They were separated again in 1854.
Polyvinyl Record Co.
Polyvinyl Record Co. is an American independent record label headquartered in Champaign, Illinois. The label has satellite offices in New York, Austin, and the Bay Area. Polyvinyl has put out over 400 releases to date.

The Polyvinyl roster consists of 30+ active artists including Alvvays, Xiu Xiu, Jeff Rosenstock, Kero Kero Bonito, and Julia Jacklin as well as longtime label signees like of Montreal, American Football, STRFKR, and Rainer Maria. Recent additions to the Polyvinyl family include Jeff Rosenstock, Laura Jane Grace, Anamanaguchi, IAN SWEET, Oceanator, Chris Farren, Squirrel Flower, and Yumi Zouma.

Rainer Maria
Rainer Maria is an American emo band from Madison, Wisconsin, later residing in Brooklyn, New York. The band was originally active from 1995 to 2006 and reunited in 2014. They have released six full-length albums, a live DVD, and numerous live recordings and EPs.
Portuguese-based creole languages
Portuguese creoles are creole languages whose lexical base is mainly derived from Portuguese. The oldest of them, Cape Verdean Creole, appeared at the end of the 15th century, while the more recent ones, such as Malacca Creole or Diu Creole, developed in the 17th and 18th centuries in the former Asian trading posts of the Portuguese empire.

Macanese Patois
Macanese patois (Macanese: Patuá), also called Maquista, is a Portuguese-based creole language with a substrate from Cantonese, Malay and Sinhala, which was originally spoken by the Macanese community of the Portuguese colony of Macau. It is now spoken by a few families in Macau and in the Macanese diaspora.

UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger classifies Patua as a "Critically Endangered" and places the number of speakers at 50 as of 2000.
Augusta University
Augusta University (AU) is a public research university and academic medical center in Augusta, Georgia, United States. It is part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite medical campuses in Savannah, Albany, Rome, and Athens, Georgia. It employs over 15,000 people, has more than 56,000 alumni, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Medical District (Augusta, Georgia)
The Medical District of Augusta, Georgia, is a special-use zoning district located between downtown and Summerville. The district is bounded to the north by Walton Way, to the east by R.A. Dent Boulevard, to the west by Heard Avenue, and to the south by Wrightsboro Road. The district comprises a number of medical facilities and private medical companies.
Hackley School
Hackley School is a private college preparatory school located in Tarrytown, New York, and is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League.

Founded in 1899 by philanthropist Frances Hackley, the school was intended to be a Unitarian alternative to Episcopal boarding schools. Since its founding, Hackley has dropped its Unitarian affiliations and changed from all-boys to coeducational.

The head of school is Charles Franklin.

Ivy Preparatory School League
The Ivy Preparatory School League is a high school athletic conference of preparatory schools in New York City and its suburbs. The Ivy Preparatory School League has no affiliation with the Ivy League universities.
Arthur Hughes (bishop)
Arthur Walter Hughes, M.Afr. (25 August 1902 – 12 July 1949) was a British prelate of the Catholic Church who led the Pontifical Urban University for a decade. He was appointed the pope's representative  to a group of missionary countries but died just as he was taking up that assignment.

Apostolic Nunciature to Egypt
The Apostolic Nunciature to Egypt is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Egypt. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador.  The Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt is usually also the Apostolic Delegate to the Arab League and Apostolic Nuncio to Oman upon his appointment to said nations.
Ghare Baire (film)
Ghare Baire (transl. The Home and the World) is a 1984 Indian Bengali-language romantic drama film directed and written by Satyajit Ray. The film is based on Rabindranath Tagore's novel of the same name, and stars Soumitra Chatterjee, Victor Banerjee, Swatilekha Chatterjee and Jennifer Kendal. The film has a complex portrayal of several themes including nationalism, women emancipation, spiritual and materialistic take on life, tradition versus modernism, and others.

Ray prepared a script for it in the 1940s, long before he made his first film Pather Panchali. The film was in competition for the Palme d'Or at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival. At the 32nd National Film Awards, it won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali.

Victor Banerjee
Victor Banerjee (born 15 October 1946) is an Indian actor who appears in English, Hindi, Bengali and Assamese language films. He has worked with directors such as Roman Polanski, James Ivory, Sir David Lean, Jerry London, Ronald Neame, Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Shyam Benegal, and Montazur Rahman Akbar. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film Ghare Baire. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2022 for his contribution to cinema by the Indian Government in the field of art.
Butmir
Butmir (Serbian Cyrillic: Бутмир) is a neighborhood in the municipality of Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo International Airport, the main airport of Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Butmir.

Sarajevo International Airport
Sarajevo International Airport (Bosnian: Međunarodni aerodrom Sarajevo, Serbian: Међународни аеродром Сарајево, Croatian: Međunarodna zračna luka Sarajevo) (IATA: SJJ, ICAO: LQSA) is the main international airport in Bosnia and Herzegovina, serving its capital Sarajevo. It is located 3.3 NM (6.1 km; 3.8 mi) southwest of the Sarajevo railway station and some 6.5 NM (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) west of downtown Sarajevo in the Ilidža municipality, suburb of Butmir. In 2025, 2,226,692 passengers travelled through the airport, compared to 323,499 in 2001.
Indonesia women's cricket team in the Philippines in 2019–20
The Indonesia women's cricket team toured the Philippines to play four Twenty20 International (T20I) matches from 21 to 22 December 2019. Originally the tour was scheduled to be a tri-series, but Bahrain withdrew prior to the series. The matches were played at the Friendship Oval ground at the Cavite campus in Emilio Aguinaldo College in the city of Dasmariñas.

The Philippines played their first women's T20I matches since the announcement by the International Cricket Council (ICC) of all official Twenty20 (T20) matches played between women's teams of associate members after 1 July 2018 having full T20I status. Eight of the cricketers in Philippines' squad were selected from Hong Kong's SCC Divas cricket team.

Indonesia won the series 4–0, with opening batters Yulia Anggraeni and Kadek Winda Prastini setting a world record women's T20I partnership of 257 runs in the second game.

Yulia Anggraeni
Yulia Anggraeni (born 10 July 1994) is an Indonesian cricketer who plays for the national cricket team as an all-rounder. She was the first player, male or female, to score a century for Indonesia in a Twenty20 International (T20I).
Days of Wine and Roses (musical)
Days of Wine and Roses is a 2023 stage musical with music and lyrics by Adam Guettel and a book by Craig Lucas, adapted from the 1962 film and 1958 teleplay of the same name.

The musical premiered Off-Broadway in May 2023 to highly positive reviews, starring Kelli O'Hara and Brian d'Arcy James, with direction by Michael Greif. A Broadway transfer opened in January 2024 with O'Hara, James, and Greif returning.

The plot follows Kirsten Arnesen and Joe Clay, a young couple who marry after he introduces her to social drinking. As years pass, their habit grows, and alcoholism plunges them into trouble and turmoil. Joe eventually gets sober and tries to help Kirsten from her self-destruction.

Michael Greif
Michael Greif (born ca. 1960 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American stage director. He has won three Obie Awards and received five Tony Award nominations, for Rent, Grey Gardens, Next to Normal (sic), Dear Evan Hansen, and Hell's Kitchen.
Three Up, Two Down
Three Up, Two Down is a British sitcom starring Michael Elphick and Angela Thorne which ran from 15 April 1985 to 18 June 1989. It was written by Richard Ommanney. The plot revolves around a stuck-up widow and a down-to-earth widower who share a flat and a grandchild, but have little in common.

Michael Elphick
Michael John Elphick (19 September 1946 – 7 September 2002) was an English film and television actor. He played the eponymous private investigator in the ITV series Boon and Harry Slater in BBC's EastEnders. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the 1983 film Gorky Park. With his gruff Sussex accent and lip-curling sneer, he often played menacing hard men.

Elphick struggled with an addiction to alcohol; at the height of his problem, he admitted to consuming two litres (½ gallon) of spirits a day, which contributed to his death from a heart attack in 2002.
De Dhakka
De Dhakka (transl. Give a push) is a 2008 Indian Marathi-language comedy drama film directed by Atul Kale and Sudesh Manjrekar. It is based on the 2006 American film Little Miss Sunshine, the film's story revolves around a lower-class family. The film stars Makarand Anaspure, Shivaji Satam, Medha Manjrekar, Siddharth Jadhav, Saksham Kulkarni, and Gauri Vaidya.

A sequel to the film, titled De Dhakka 2, digitally premiered on the streaming platform ZEE5 on 24 March 2023.

Atul Kale
Atul Kale is an Indian actor, singer, musician and director. He directed Matichya Chuli, De Dhakka and Shahanpan Dega Deva. He has won MATA Sanman and Zee Gaurav awards for his work. He is best known for Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy.
Avride
Avride Inc. is a developer of vehicular automation technology, including self-driving cars, robotaxis, and delivery robots. The company is headquartered in Newburyport, MA with warehouse in Austin, Texas and has additional offices in Tel Aviv, Israel; Belgrade, Serbia and Seoul, South Korea. It is a subsidiary of Nebius Group. Its self-driving cars and delivery robots are used by Uber and Uber Eats in a few cities.

Nebius Group
Nebius Group N.V., headquartered in Amsterdam, is a technology company that provides artificial intelligence infrastructure. The company also owns Avride and TripleTen, as well as stakes in Toloka and Clickhouse. It is headquartered in Amsterdam with offices in Israel and the United States.
Glenn McMillan
Glenn Aguiar McMillan (born 5 October 1984) is a Brazilian and Australian actor and lawyer best known internationally for his role as Waldo “Dustin” Brooks, the Yellow Wind Ranger on Power Rangers Ninja Storm.

Power Rangers Ninja Storm
Power Rangers Ninja Storm is a television series and the tenth entry of the Power Rangers franchise, based on the 26th Super Sentai series Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger. The season marked a series of firsts in the franchise, being that it was the first to be filmed in New Zealand, the first to not be produced by MMPR Productions, and the first to air on ABC Kids in its entirety, debuting on February 15, 2003. It was also the last season to have theme music done by Jeremy Sweet, who had been working on most of the show's themes since Power Rangers Zeo.
An Urban Allegory (film)
An Urban Allegory (French: Allégorie citadine) is 2024 French short film co-written and co-directed by Alice Rohrwacher and JR based on Plato's Allegory of the cave, starring Lyna Khoudri, Naïm El Kaldaoui and Leos Carax. The film had its world premiere at the 81st Venice Film Festival in the Out of Competition (Fiction) section on 1 September 2024.

Leos Carax
Alex Christophe Dupont (born 1960), best known as Leos Carax (French: [leɔs kaʁaks]), is a French film director, critic and writer. Carax is noted for his poetic style and his tortured depictions of love. His first major work was Boy Meets Girl (1984), and his notable works include Les Amants du Pont-Neuf (1991), Pola X (1999), Holy Motors (2012) and Annette (2021). For the latter, he won the Best Director prize at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival.
Swans Crossing
Swans Crossing is an American teen drama television series created by Mardee Kravit and Ned Kandel. The series stars Sarah Michelle Gellar, Brittany Daniel, Stacey Moseley, and Eddie Robinson. It aired in syndication from June 29 to September 25, 1992.

Brittany Daniel
Brittany Ann Daniel (born March 17, 1976) is an American actress. Daniel is best known for her roles as Jessica Wakefield in the teen drama series Sweet Valley High (1994–1997) and as Kelly Pitts in the CW/BET comedy-drama series The Game (2006–2011; 2014–2015). Her film credits include Brandy in Joe Dirt (2001) and its sequel Joe Dirt 2: Beautiful Loser (2015), White Chicks (2004), and Skyline (2010).

Daniel is the twin sister of photographer and former actress Cynthia Daniel.
Roland R-5
The R-5 Human Rhythm Composer is an electronic drum machine introduced in 1989 by Roland Corporation, using PCM voices. The R-5 features velocity- and pressure-sensitive trigger pads, and the ability to create loops of beats. The pads are assignable and can be user defined for different sounds and also for different amplitude and semi-tones within each sample.

The R-5 is the smaller sibling of the Roland R-8 which had more sounds and features than the R-5.

Roland R-8
The R-8 Human Rhythm Composer is an electronic drum machine introduced in 1989 by Roland Corporation, using PCM voices. The R-8 features velocity- and pressure-sensitive trigger pads, and the ability to create loops of beats. The device has eight individual outputs, 32-voice polyphony, and four-part multitimbral MIDI.
Dominique Mercy
Dominique Mercy (born 1950) is a French contemporary dancer and choreographer. He was a long-time member of the Tanztheater Wuppertal company of Pina Bausch, and was co-artistic director of the company following Bausch's death in 2009 to 2013.

Pina Bausch
Philippine "Pina" Bausch (27 July 1940 – 30 June 2009) was a German dancer and choreographer who was a significant contributor to a neo-expressionist dance tradition now known as Tanztheater. Bausch's approach was noted for a stylised blend of dance movement, prominent sound design, and involved stage sets, as well as for engaging the dancers under her to help in the development of a piece, and her work had an influence on modern dance from the 1970s forward. She created the company Tanztheater Wuppertal, which performs internationally.
.to
.to is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of the Kingdom of Tonga.

The government of Tonga sells domains in its ccTLD to any interested party. The .to ccTLD is administered by the Tonga Network Information Center (Tonic).

Domain hack
A domain hack is a domain name that suggests a word, phrase, or name when concatenating two or more adjacent levels of that domain. For example, ro.bot and examp.le, using the domains .bot and .le, suggest the words robot and example respectively. In this context, the word hack denotes a clever trick (as in programming), not an exploit or break-in (as in security).

Domain hacks offer the ability to produce short domain names. This makes them potentially valuable as redirectors, pastebins and base domains from which to delegate subdomains and URL shortening services.
Hondo Valley, Argentina
The Valle Hondo or Hondo Valley is a valley located in the Languiñeo Department, Chubut Province, Argentina, near the border with Chile. The valley lies southwest of the Horquetas Valley and southeast of the California Valley, close to the Engaño Lakes. It was claimed by Chile until 1966 during the Alto Palena–Encuentro River dispute.

California Valley, Chile
The California Valley or Valle California is a Chilean valley located in the commune of Palena, in the Alto Palena area, Los Lagos Region, between boundary markers 16 and 17 of the Argentina–Chile border. The valley has had Chilean settlers since the beginning of the 20th century and was claimed by Argentina in the Alto Palena–Encuentro River dispute, even occupying part of the area in the 1950s, which ended in 1966 with an arbitral award.
Cameroon Airlines
Cameroon Airlines was an airline from Cameroon, serving as first flag carrier of the country. Based in Douala, it operated scheduled services within Africa, as well as to Europe and the Middle East out of its hub at Douala International Airport, with a second network focus on Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport. The company was 96.43 percent state-owned, with the remaining shares having been held by Air France. It ceased operations in March 2008; its role as Cameroon's flag carrier was taken over by Camair-Co.  The company slogan was French: Pour mieux vous servir, To serve you better.

Camair-Co
The Cameroon Airlines Corporation, trading as Camair-Co, is an airline from Cameroon, serving as flag carrier of the country, a role which was previously filled by the now-defunct Cameroon Airlines. Camair-Co has its headquarters in the Immeuble La Rotonde in Douala, and operates out of Douala International Airport. The airline has never made a profit, and is struggling under the weight of its debts; most of its aircraft are currently grounded.  The company slogan is French: L'étoile du Cameroun, The Star of Cameroon.
Davidson, North Carolina
Davidson is a suburban town in Mecklenburg, Iredell, and Cabarrus counties, North Carolina, United States. It is a suburb in the Charlotte metropolitan area. The population was 15,106 at the 2020 census, up from 10,944 in 2010. The town was founded in 1837 with the establishment of the Presbyterian Davidson College, named for Brigadier General William Lee Davidson, a local Revolutionary War hero. The land for Davidson College came from Davidson's estate, a large portion of which was donated by his son.

William Lee Davidson
William Lee Davidson (1746–1781) was an officer in the North Carolina militia and Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He was born in Pennsylvania and moved with his family to Rowan County, North Carolina in 1750.   He was killed at the Battle of Cowan's Ford.
David Bowles (chief executive)
David Bowles is a British public official who has been Chief Executive of Lincolnshire County Council and chairman of United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust. He came to particular attention for giving evidence against the leader of Lincolnshire County Council, who was subsequently jailed. He is a member of the whistleblowing charity, the Council of Public Concern at Work.

United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
United Lincolnshire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust is an NHS trust which runs County Hospital Louth, Lincoln County Hospital, Pilgrim Hospital in Boston, Skegness and District Hospital, and Grantham and District Hospital.

The trust established the Path Links Pathology Service jointly with Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in 2001.
Yoon So-yi
Yoon So-yi (Korean: 윤소이; born January 5, 1985), birth name Moon So-yi, is a South Korean actress. She debuted as a print and commercial model, then began acting in Ryoo Seung-wan's action-comedy film Arahan in 2004, followed by Shadowless Sword in 2005. Yoon has had leading roles in television dramas, notably in Goodbye Solo (2006), Glass Castle (2008), Hero (2009), and Warrior Baek Dong-soo (2011).

Warrior Baek Dong-soo
Warrior Baek Dong-soo (Korean: 무사 백동수; RR: Musa Baek Dongsu) is a 2011 South Korean fusion historical/action television series starring Ji Chang-wook in the title role, with Yoo Seung-ho, Yoon So-yi, Shin Hyun-been, Choi Min-soo and Jun Kwang-ryul. It aired on SBS from July 4 to October 10, 2011, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 (KST) for 29 episodes.

Based on the 2010 comic Honorable Baek Dong-soo by Lee Jae-heon, the series is about how Joseon historical figure Baek Dong-soo grew to become a swordsman and folk hero. Baek was one of the three authors of Muyedobotongji, a pivotal martial arts work commissioned by King Jeongjo.
Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division
The Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division is the top division of the Munster Senior League. It is organised by the Munster Football Association. Together with the Leinster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Clubs from this division play in the Munster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, and the FAI Intermediate Cup. The League Cup for teams in the Senior Premier Division is called the O'Connell Cup. In the past, the winners of the Senior Division were also invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup until the competition's demise. University College Cork A.F.C. were the league's final representative in 2020.

Munster Football Association
The Munster Football Association (Irish: An Cumann Peile na Mumhan; also known as the Munster FA and the MFA), is the governing body for association football in the Irish province of Munster. It is affiliated to the Football Association of Ireland and is responsible for organising the Munster Senior Cup and the Munster Senior League as well as numerous other leagues and cup competitions for junior teams. There are 13 leagues and approximately 800 teams affiliated with the MFA.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (/haɪˈdrɒlɪsɪs/; from Ancient Greek  hydro- 'water' and  lysis 'to unbind') is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution and elimination reactions in which water is the nucleophile.

Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification.

Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down molecules, whereas condensation joins molecules through the removal of water.

Saccharification
Saccharification is a term in biochemistry for denoting any chemical change wherein a monosaccharide molecule remains intact after becoming unbound from another saccharide. For example, when a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose).

Enzymes such as amylases (e.g. in saliva) and glycoside hydrolase (e.g. within the brush border of the small intestine) are able to perform exact saccharification through enzymatic hydrolysis.
Through thermolysis, saccharification can also occur as a transient result, among many other possible effects, during caramelization.