hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court held that the United States does not have a general federal common law and that U.S. federal courts must apply state law, not federal law, to lawsuits between parties from different states that do not involve federal questions. In reaching this holding, the Court overturned almost a century of federal civil procedure case law, and established the foundation of the modern law of diversity jurisdiction.

Although the decision is not widely known among non-experts, most American lawyers and legal scholars regard Erie as one of the most important decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history. The decision "goes to the heart" of the American system of federalism and the relationship between the U.S. federal government and the states.

Federal common law
Federal common law is a term of United States law used to describe common law that is developed by the federal courts, instead of by the courts of the various states.  Ever since Louis Brandeis, writing for the Supreme Court of the United States in  Erie Railroad v. Tompkins (1938), overturned Joseph Story's decision in Swift v. Tyson, federal courts exercising diversity jurisdiction have applied state law as the substantive laws, with few exceptions.  Nevertheless, there are several areas where federal common law continues to govern.
Bleecker & MacDougal
Bleecker & MacDougal is the debut solo studio album by the American folk musician Fred Neil. It was released in May 1965 by Elektra Records. The recording, which unlike many folk albums at the time featured electric guitar backing, had an influence on the folk rock movement.

Guest musicians included Felix Pappalardi on bass, a young John Sebastian playing harmonica, and Pete Childs on dobro and electric guitar.

Except for two tracks, all of the songs on the album were written by Neil. Bleecker & MacDougal was reissued as Little Bit of Rain in 1970.

The album is named for the intersection of Bleecker Street and MacDougal Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of New York City. A picture of the intersection featured on the album cover. The San Remo Cafe can be seen in the picture, a gathering spot for writers and musicians for decades. Both streets were locales for folk and rock music of the period.

John Sebastian
John Benson Sebastian (born March 17, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who founded the rock band the Lovin' Spoonful in 1964 with Zal Yanovsky. During his time in the Lovin' Spoonful, Sebastian wrote and sang some of the band's biggest hits such as "Do You Believe in Magic", “Summer in the City”, "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind", and "Daydream". Sebastian left the Spoonful after the 1968 album Everything Playing to focus on a solo career, releasing  John B. Sebastian in 1970.

He made an impromptu appearance at the Woodstock festival in 1969 and scored a U.S. No. 1 hit in 1976 with "Welcome Back", which was used as the theme song on the sitcom Welcome Back, Kotter.

Sebastian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 as a member of the Lovin' Spoonful.
Visual variable
A visual variable, in cartographic design, graphic design, and data visualization, is an aspect of a graphical object that can visually differentiate it from other objects, and can be controlled during the design process. The concept was first systematized by Jacques Bertin, a French cartographer and graphic designer, and published in his 1967 book, Sémiologie Graphique.  Bertin identified a basic set of these variables and provided guidance for their usage; the concept and the set of variables has since been expanded, especially in cartography, where it has become a core principle of education and practice.

Figure-ground (cartography)
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the figure), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention. It is thus based on the concept of figure–ground from Gestalt psychology. For example, in a street map with strong figure-ground contrast, the reader would be able to isolate and focus attention on individual features, like a given street, park, or lake, as well as layers of related features, like the street network.

Strong figure-ground contrast has been seen as a desirable goal of map design, because it helps the map reader to perceive distinct geographic phenomena in the map. This allows more complex composition techniques such as visual hierarchy to organize these phenomena into clear structures that help readers use the map for its intended purposes.
With Our King and Queen Through India
With Our King and Queen Through India (1912) is a British documentary film. The film is silent and made in the Kinemacolor additive color process.

The film records the 12 December 1911 celebrations in India which marked the coronation of George V and Mary of Teck and their proclamation as Emperor and Empress of India. The film is often referred to as The Delhi Durbar or The Durbar at Delhi. Although it is commonly referred to as a single film, it is more accurate to think of it as a set of films documenting the royal visit to India in December 1911, with the Durbar ceremony as the centrepiece. Different showings of With Our King and Queen Through India would be made up of different sets of the films, so that the show (a more accurate concept) was exhibited in several different lengths. Today only two reels survive, one showing a review of troops after the main ceremony and the other a procession in Calcutta from the end of the royal tour.

Kinemacolor
Kinemacolor was the first successful colour motion picture process. Used commercially from 1909 to 1915, it was invented by George Albert Smith in 1906. It was a two-colour additive colour process, photographing a black-and-white film behind alternating red/orange and blue/green filters and projecting them through red and green filters. It was demonstrated several times in 1908 and first shown to the public in 1909. From 1909 on, the process was known and trademarked as Kinemacolor and was marketed by Charles Urban's Natural Color Kinematograph Company, which sold Kinemacolor licences around the world.
Restless Hearts
Restless Hearts (German: Herzen ohne Ziel, Spanish: Corazones sin rumbo) is a 1928 German-Spanish silent film directed by Benito Perojo and Gustav Ucicky and starring Betty Bird, Hanna Ralph and Livio Pavanelli.

The film was a co-production between a Spanish company and the German studio Bavaria Film. The Argentine actress Imperio Argentina was cast after winning a competition staged by the film's producers. The film was based on a novel by Pedro Mata. Art direction was by Ludwig Reiber.

On its release the film was attacked by Spanish critics who felt that the Spanish actors had been relegated to lesser roles.

Betty Bird
Betty Bird (born Hilde Elisabeth Ptack; 18 June 1901 – 4 March 1998) was an Austrian actress known for Die spanische Fliege (1931), Corazones sin rumbo (1928) and Sturm auf drei Herzen (1930). She was married to Gustav Ucicky until their divorce in 1936.
Alycia Debnam-Carey
Alycia Jasmin Debnam-Carey (born 20 July 1993) is an Australian actress. She made her film debut in 2003 in Rachel Ward's Australian short drama film Martha's New Coat, and her feature film debut in the American disaster film Into the Storm (2014). From 2014 to 2016, she portrayed Lexa on the dystopian science fiction series The 100. She co-starred as Alicia Clark on the horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead (2015–2023), and made her directorial debut with the seventh season episode "Ofelia". In 2023, Debnam-Carey co-starred as Alice Hart in the Australian drama Amazon miniseries The Lost Flowers of Alice Hart, for which she received an AACTA Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama.

Alicia Clark
Alicia Clark is a fictional character in the AMC television series Fear the Walking Dead, created by Robert Kirkman and Dave Erickson. Portrayed by Alycia Debnam-Carey, Alicia is the daughter of Madison Clark, the former protagonist. She begins the series as a teenager who struggles with her family situation and plans to leave the city for a new life, before facing civilization slowly crumbling due to a zombie outbreak. The character has received praise, with critics calling her an emotional anchor of the series, complimenting her evolution, and naming her one of the most memorable characters of the Walking Dead universe.
Chuck Treece
Chuck Treece (born May 30, 1964) is an American musician and professional skateboarder from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1984, he became famous for being the first African-American skateboarder to be featured on the cover of Thrasher magazine. His musical credits include starting the 1980s skate punk band McRad, remixing songs for Amy Grant and Sting, playing the bass line on "The River of Dreams" by Billy Joel, filling in on drums at a Pearl Jam concert, and touring with Urge Overkill, Underdog and Bad Brains. In 2010, he was awarded a Pew Fellowships in the Arts. Chuck currently plays bass in a thrash metal band called ACTiVATE. Treece drummed on the album, Mass by Canadian ska band, Bedouin Soundclash.

After recording on The Movement’s album Set Sail Gary Jackson (drums) and Jason Schmidt (bass) joined The Movement as full-time members of the band.

Set Sail (The Movement album)
Set Sail is The Movement's second studio album, produced by Chris DiBeneditto at Philadelphonic Studios in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and released on October 25, 2008. This album features artists such as Garrett "G. Love" Dutton and Mark Boyce of G. Love & Special Sauce, Chuck Treece, and Oguer Ocon of Slightly Stoopid.
Ceremony of the Keys (London)
The Ceremony of the Keys is an ancient ritual, held every evening at the Tower of London, when the main gates are locked for the night. It is said to be the oldest extant military ceremony in the world, and is the best-known ceremonial tradition of the Tower.

Yeomen Warders
The Yeomen Warders of His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, and Members of the Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeoman Guard Extraordinary, popularly known as the Beefeaters, are ceremonial guardians of the Tower of London. In principle they are the palace guard, responsible for looking after any prisoners in the Tower, and safeguarding the British crown jewels. They have also conducted guided tours of the Tower since the Victorian era.

All warders are retired from the British Armed Forces and must be former warrant officers with at least 22 years of service. They must also hold the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. The garrison consists of 32 (formerly 37) Yeomen Warders and one Chief Warder.

Although the Yeomen Warders are often referred to as Yeomen of the Guard, a distinct corps of Royal Bodyguards of the British monarch, the Yeomen Warders are in fact a separate entity but share with them the nickname, "Beefeaters".
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Idaho Falls is the fourth most populous city in Idaho and the county seat of Bonneville County. It is the state's most populous city outside the Boise metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 64,818. In the 2010 census, the population of Idaho Falls was 56,813 (2019 estimate: 62,888), with a metro population of 133,265.  As of the 2020 census, the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 154,855.

Idaho Falls serves as the commercial, cultural, and healthcare hub for Eastern Idaho, as well as parts of western Wyoming and southern Montana. It is served by the Idaho Falls Regional Airport and is home to the College of Eastern Idaho, Museum of Idaho, Idaho Falls Idaho Temple, and the Idaho Falls Chukars baseball team of the Pioneer League, as well as the Idaho Falls Spud Kings . It is the principal city of the Idaho Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Idaho Falls–Blackfoot-Rexburg, Idaho Combined Statistical Area.

Idaho Falls Regional Airport
Idaho Falls Regional Airport (IATA: IDA, ICAO: KIDA, FAA LID: IDA) is two miles north-northwest of downtown Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States. It is locally known as Fanning Field. It is the second-busiest airport in Idaho after Boise Airport.

The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service facility. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 148,584 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 138,957 in 2009 and 144,365 in 2010. In 2024, 610,641 passengers boarded flights at IDA, which was an 11.9% increase from 2023. This was also a 73.2% increase from 2019.
Yvonne Barrett
Yvonne Frances Barrett (1946 – 2 September 1985) was an Australian pop singer. She reached the top 60 Kent Music Report singles chart with her cover versions of "You're the One"/"Little People", in October 1965. She released other singles in that, and the following, decade. Barrett also appeared on TV shows in the 1960s and 1970s. She became a session singer and performed on the club circuit. Barrett married Hoang Van Truong, a Vietnam War veteran, in December 1983; the couple separated in the following year. Truong was found guilty of Barrett's 1985 murder and was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole, in August 1986.

You're the One (Petula Clark song)
"You're the One" is a song by Petula Clark with lyrics by Tony Hatch, recorded in 1965. It was later also included on the 1965 album I Know a Place. "You're the One" was a Top 30 hit on the UK Singles Chart for Clark, but was more successful as a top ten US single release by The Vogues.
Siege of Suemori
The siege of Suemori (末森の戦い, Suemori no Tatakai) was a battle during the Azuchi–Momoyama period (16th century) of Japan. 
At the time of the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, Sassa Narimasa sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu, while his former companion, Maeda Toshiie stood with Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Narimasa and Toshiie came to blows by battling at Suemori Castle. Narimasa had laid siege to the Suemori castle 9 October with 15,000 men. Okumura Nagatomi, along with his wife Katō Tsune, had defended the castle to their fullest extent, but soon their situation became very desperate. Maeda Toshiie arrived in the middle of the night, and defeated the forces of Sassa Narimasa.

After the defenders' victory, Maeda Toshiie has become the most powerful daimyō in the Kaga (now Ishikawa Prefecture) region of Japan. .

Battle of Komaki and Nagakute
The Battle of Komaki and Nagakute (小牧・長久手の戦い, Komaki-Nagakute no Tatakai), also known as the Komaki Campaign (小牧の役 Komaki no Eki), was a series of battles in 1584 between the forces of Hashiba Hideyoshi (who would become Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1586) and the forces of Oda Nobukatsu and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

The conflict was resolved when Hideyoshi and Ieyasu agreed to exchange hostages; Ieyasu sent his son (Ogimaru) to Hideyoshi, who in turn sent his own sister (Asahi no kata) and mother (Ōmandokoro) to Ieyasu.
H. G. Carrillo
H. G. Carrillo (born Herman Glenn Carroll; April 26, 1960 – April 20, 2020) was an American fiction writer and academic. In the 1990s, he began writing as "H. G. Carrillo," and he eventually adopted that identity in his private life as well. Carroll constructed a false claim that he was a Cuban immigrant who had left Cuba with his family at the age of seven; in fact, he had no ties to Cuba. Carroll wrote frequently about the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States, including in his only novel, Loosing My Espanish (2004). He was an assistant professor of English at George Washington University from 2007 to 2013, and was later chair of the PEN/Faulkner Foundation.

Carroll kept his true identity hidden from those close to him, including his husband, whom he married in 2015. Only after his death in April 2020 did the true details of his life become publicly known after members of his family revealed them.

PEN/Faulkner Foundation
The PEN/Faulkner Foundation (est. 1980) is an independent charitable arts foundation that supports the art of fiction and encourages readers of all ages. It accomplishes this through a number of programs, including its flagship PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction, the PEN/Malamud Award for short fiction, and a number of educational and public literary  programs. Since 1983 the Foundation's administration has been located in Washington, D.C.. The Foundation was established in 1980 by National Book Award winner Mary Lee Settle. Novelist Robert Stone served as the Chairman of the PEN/Faulkner Board of Directors for over thirty years beginning in 1982.
Joan La Barbara
Joan Linda Lotz La Barbara (born June 8, 1947) is an American vocalist and composer known for her explorations of non-conventional or "extended" vocal techniques. Considered to be a vocal virtuoso in the field of contemporary music, she is credited with advancing a new vocabulary of vocal sounds including trills, whispers, cries, sighs, inhaled tones, and multiphonics (singing two or more pitches simultaneously).

Larry Austin
Larry Don Austin (September 12, 1930 – December 30, 2018) was an American composer noted for his electronic and computer music works. He was a co-founder and editor of the avant-garde music periodical Source: Music of the Avant Garde. Austin gained additional international recognition when he realized a completion of Charles Ives's Universe Symphony. Austin served as the president of the International Computer Music Association (ICMA) from 1990 to 1994 and served on the board of directors of the ICMA from 1984 to 1988 and from 1990 to 1998.
Manso people
The Manso are an Indigenous people of New Mexico. The Mansos were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers who practiced little, if any, agriculture. Farming Indians lived both upstream and downstream from them. They had a life style similar to the Suma and the Concho, who lived nearby. They lived along the Rio Grande, from the 16th to the 17th century. Present-day Las Cruces, New Mexico developed in this area. The Manso were one of the indigenous groups to be resettled at the Guadalupe Mission in what is now Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Some of their descendants remain in the area to this day, mostly in Tortugas Pueblo.

Suma people
The Suma were an Indigenous people of Aridoamerica. They had two branches, one living in the northern part of the Mexican state of Chihuahua and the other living near present-day El Paso, Texas. They were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers who practiced little or no agriculture. The Suma merged with Apache groups in the US and in Mexico merged with the mestizo population of northern Mexico, and are extinct as a distinct people.
Jung Yu-mi (actress, born 1983)
Jung Yu-mi (Korean: 정유미, born January 18, 1983) is a South Korean actress. Known for her screen presence and versatility, she has received numerous accolades including a Baeksang Arts Award, two Blue Dragon Film Awards, and a Grand Bell Award. Jung made her feature film debut in Blossom Again (2005) and has since starred in the critically acclaimed films Family Ties (2006), Chaw (2009), My Dear Desperado (2010), and Sleep (2023), as well as box office hits Silenced (2011), Train to Busan (2016), and Kim Ji-young: Born 1982 (2019). She has also appeared in director Hong Sang-soo's films, notably Oki's Movie (2010) and Our Sunhi (2013). On television, she has starred in the series Live (2018) and Love Your Enemy (2024).

Oki's Movie
Oki's Movie (Korean: 옥희의 영화; RR: Okhuiui yeonghwa) is a 2010 South Korean drama film written and directed by Hong Sang-soo.

In a multipart narrative divided into four chapters, Hong fashions a new kind of love triangle. Oki is a young and beautiful college student majoring in film production and torn between the affections of two men: an older cinema professor and a former student/budding filmmaker. As the story shifts perspectives and timelines, Hong depicts each relationship with the authentically awkward rhythms of real life.
Edmunds County, South Dakota
Edmunds County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. At the 2020 census, the population was 3,986. Its county seat is Ipswich. The county was established in 1873 and organized in 1883. It is named for Newton Edmunds, the second Governor of Dakota Territory.

Edmunds County is part of the Aberdeen, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Aberdeen micropolitan area, South Dakota
The Aberdeen Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in South Dakota, anchored by the city of Aberdeen. As of the 2020 census, the μSA had a population of 42,287.
Rosa Malmström
Rosa Astrid Tyra Malmström (1906–1995) was a Swedish feminist, schoolteacher and librarian. She is remembered in particular for her focus on women's literature while working at University of Gothenburg Library from 1938 until her retirement. Recognising the discrimination suffered by women in the library classification system, together with the literary historian Asta Ekenvall and the women's rights activist Eva Pineus, in 1958 she co-founded Kvinnohistorisk Arkiv, a foundation devoted to women's studies which in 1971 became known as Kvinnohistorisk Samlingarna (Women's Historical Collection), now KvinnSam. Malmström's significant contribution to Nordic biographical research was recognized by University of Gothenburg in 1987 when she was awarded the title of honorary professor. In 1994, the Swedish government promoted her to full professor.

Eva Pineus
Eva Hilda Cecilia Pineus née Palme (1905–1985) was a Swedish politician, librarian and women's rights activist. Pineus was an active member of the Liberal Party's women association Folkpartiet liberalernas kvinnoförbund and of the Gothenburg branch of the women's rights organization Fredrika Bremer Association. In 1958 together with Asta Ekenvall and Rosa Malmström she co-founded the women's historical literature archive Kvinnohistoriskt Arkiv, known today as KvinnSam.
Madytos
Madytos (Greek: Μάδυτος) is a former municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Volvi, of which it is a municipal unit. Its population was 2,045 in 2021. The municipal unit has an area of 89.909 km2. The seat of the municipality was in Nea Madytos. The town takes its name from the ancient Greek city of Madytus at the shore of Hellespont.

Nea Madytos
Nea Madytos (Greek: Νέα Μάδυτος) is a village and a community of the Volvi municipality in northern Greece. Before the 2011 local government reform it was part of the municipality of Madytos, of which it was a municipal district and the seat. The 2021 census recorded 1,369 inhabitants in the village. The community of Nea Madytos covers an area of 34.705 km2.

It was founded in the mid-1920s by refugees originating from Madytos (present Eceabat, Turkey).