hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gyalrongic languages
The Gyalrongic languages (also known as Rgyalrongic or Jiarongic) constitute a branch of the Qiangic languages of Sino-Tibetan, but some propose that it may be part of a larger Rung languages group and do not consider it to be particularly closely related to Qiangic but suggest that similarities between Gyalrongic and Qiangic may be from areal influence. However, other work suggests that Qiangic as a whole may in fact be paraphyletic, with the only commonalities of the supposed "branch" being shared archaisms and areal features that were encouraged by language contact. Jacques & Michaud (2011) propose that Qiangic including Gyalrongic may belong to a larger Burmo-Qiangic group based on some lexical innovations.

Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, also known as Aba (Tibetan: རྔ་བ་བོད་རིགས་དང་ཆང་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ།, Wylie: rnga ba bod rigs cha'ang rigs rang skyong khul; Qiang: Rrmeabba Shbea Rrmea Nyujwju Gvexueaj Legea; simplified Chinese: 阿坝藏族羌族自治州; traditional Chinese: 阿壩藏族羌族自治州), is an autonomous prefecture of northwestern Sichuan, bordering Gansu to the north and northeast and Qinghai to the northwest. Its seat is in Barkam, and it has an area of 83,201 km2 (32,124 sq mi). The population was 895,200 by 2022.

The county of Wenchuan in Ngawa is the site of the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in which over 20,000 of its residents died and 40,000 were injured.
Narrow Head
Narrow Head is an American rock band from Dallas, Texas. The group was founded by lead vocalist, guitarist and chief songwriter Jacob Duarte in Dallas, with the band now based in Houston. The band have toured extensively, both nationally and internationally, and released three studio albums to date.

Run for Cover Records
Run for Cover Records is an American independent record label based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 2004 by Jeff Casazza at the age of 17 with a $1,000 loan, the label functioned as a small one-person bedroom operation in Brighton, until Casazza graduated from Suffolk University in 2010.

Known for working with undiscovered young bands from all over the world, RFC can be credited for helping launch the careers of Tigers Jaw, Modern Baseball, Title Fight, Citizen, Turnover, Pinegrove, Basement, and many more, as well as working with already notable acts like AFI, Alex G, Camp Cope, mewithoutYou, Teen Suicide, and Nothing. Its YouTube channel, which features songs and videos from artists on their roster, has 180,000 subscribers and over 154 million views (as of January, 2025).

The label has released two RIAA Gold Certified singles.
Myakka City, Florida
Myakka City (also Myakka) is an unincorporated community in southeastern Manatee County, Florida, United States. It lies along State Road 70 near the city of Bradenton, the county seat of Manatee County. Its elevation is 43 feet (13 m), and it is located at 27°20′59″N 82°9′41″W﻿ / ﻿27.34972°N 82.16139°W﻿ / 27.34972; -82.16139 (27.3497671, -82.1614780).  Although Myakka is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 34251; the ZCTA for ZIP code 34251 had a population of 6,351 at the 2010 census. up from 4,239 in 2000.

Manatee County, Florida
Manatee County is located in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 United States census, its population was 399,710. Manatee County is part of the Sarasota metropolitan area. Its county seat and largest city is Bradenton, Florida. The county was created in 1855 and named for the West Indian manatee, Florida's official marine mammal. Features of Manatee County include access to the southern part of the Tampa Bay estuary, the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, and the Manatee River.
Mario Passano
Mario Passano (1925 - 23 July 1995) was an Argentine film actor and tango performer.

He starred in some 20 films between 1951 and the late 1970s. In 1972 he starred in Autocine mon amour.

He was the brother of the actor Ricardo Passano and uncle of the actor Ricardo Passano Jr.

He died of a heart attack in Ituzaingó on 23 July 1995. He was buried at the Panteón Asociación Argentina de Actores, nicho#380, Cementerio de la Chacarita.

La Chacarita Cemetery
La Chacarita Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio de la Chacarita, also known as "Cementerio del Oeste") is a cemetery in the Chacarita neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the largest in the country, with an area of 95 hectares (230 acres).

Chacarita Cemetery has designated areas for members of the Argentine artistic community, including writers, prominent composers and actors. The Justicialist leader and former president Juan Perón was buried here until his remains were relocated in 2006 to a mausoleum in his former home in San Vicente.
Spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are typically made of stonework or brickwork, or else of timber structures with metal cladding, ceramic tiling, roof shingles, or slates on the exterior.

Since towers supporting spires are usually square, square-plan spires emerge directly from the tower's walls, but octagonal spires are either built above a pyramidal transition section called a broach at the spire's base, or else free spaces around the tower's summit for decorative elements like pinnacles. The former solution is known as a broach spire. Small or short spires are known as spikes, spirelets, or flèches.

Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris
The Spire of Notre-Dame de Paris is located above the cross-section of the cathedral's transept. Notre-Dame de Paris has had three timber spires made of oak, known as flèches. The first was built between 1220 and 1230. It eventually became so damaged that it was removed in the late 18th century. The second was put into place by the French architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1859, and destroyed in a major fire on 15 April 2019. Work to construct a third one started in 2022, and was completed when the new copper rooster wind vane was placed on top of the new spire on 16 December 2023, and the third spire was unveiled on 13 February 2024.
Kuydusun (river)
The Kuydusun (Russian: Куйдусун; Yakut: Куйдуһун, Kuyduhun) is a river in Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is one of the major tributaries of the Indigirka. The river has a length of 247 kilometres (153 mi) and a drainage basin area of 20,400 square kilometres (7,900 sq mi).

The river flows south of the Arctic Circle, across desolate tundra territories of the Oymyakonsky District marked by permafrost. Kuydusun village is located by the banks of the lower course of the river and Tomtor further north, near its mouth.

Indigirka
The Indigirka (Russian: Индиги́рка; Yakut: Индигиир, romanized: İndigiir) is a river in the Sakha Republic in Russia between the Yana to the west and the Kolyma to the east. It is 1,726 kilometres (1,072 mi) long. The area of its basin is 360,000 square kilometres (140,000 sq mi).
Buddha footprint
Buddha's footprints (Sanskrit: Buddhapada)( Tibetan: སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་རྗེས། ) is an important Buddhist symbol which is commonly depicted as icons shaped like an imprint of Gautama Buddha's foot or both feet. There are two forms: natural, as found in stone or rock, and those made artificially.: 301  Many of the "natural" ones are acknowledged not to be genuine footprints of the Buddha, but rather replicas or representations of them, which can be considered cetiya (Buddhist relics) and also an early aniconic and symbolic representation of the Buddha.

Cetiya
Cetiya, "reminders" or "memorials" (Sanskrit caitya), are objects and places used by Buddhists to remember Gautama Buddha. According to Damrong Rajanubhab, four kinds are distinguished in the Pāli Canon: "Relic [Dhatu], Memorial [Paribhoga], Teaching [Dhamma], and votive [Udesaka]." Griswold, in contrast, states that three are traditional and the fourth, the Buddha Dhamma, was added later to remind monks that the true memory of Gautama Buddha can be found in his teachings. While these can be broadly called Buddhist symbolism, the emphasis tends to be on a historical connection to the Buddha and not a metaphysical one.

In pre-Buddhist India caitya was a term for a shrine or holy place in the landscape, generally outdoors, inhabited by, or sacred to, a particular deity. In the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra, near the end of his life the Buddha remarks to Ananda how beautiful are the various caitya round Vaishali.
Souvigny Priory
Souvigny Priory (French: Prieuré Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Souvigny, Prieuré Saint-Mayeul de Souvigny), in the commune of Souvigny, Allier, France, in the centre of the old province of the Bourbonnais, was formerly a Cluniac priory, of which the church remains in operation.

Odilo of Cluny
Odilo of Cluny (c. 962 – 1 January 1049) was the 5th Benedictine Abbot of Cluny, succeeding Mayeul and holding the post for around 54 years.  During his tenure Cluny became the most important monastery in western Europe. Odilo actively worked to reform the monastic practices not only at Cluny, but at other Benedictine houses. He also promoted the Truce of God whereby military hostilities were temporarily suspended at certain times for ostensibly religious reasons. Odilo encouraged the formal practice of personal consecration to Mary. He established All Souls' Day (on 2 November) in Cluny and its monasteries as the annual commemoration to pray for all the faithful departed. The practice was soon adopted throughout the whole Western church. He was lifelong friends with William of Dijon, another Cluniac abbot and reformer.
Jewish commentaries on the Bible
Jewish commentaries on the Bible are biblical commentaries of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) from a Jewish perspective. Translations into Aramaic and English, and some universally accepted Jewish commentaries with notes on their method of approach and also some modern translations into English with notes are listed.

David Kimhi
David Kimhi (Hebrew: ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK (רַדָּ״ק) (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.
Statue of Albert Gallatin
Albert Gallatin is a bronze statue by James Earle Fraser. It commemorates Albert Gallatin, who founded New York University and served as United States Secretary of the Treasury.

It is located north of the Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.), at 15th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C.
It was authorized by Congress on January 11, 1927. 
It was dedicated on October 15, 1947.

The inscription reads: (Base, front:)

Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)
The Treasury Building in Washington, D.C., is a National Historic Landmark building which is the headquarters of the United States Department of the Treasury. An image of the Treasury Building is featured on the back of the United States ten-dollar bill.
Portable emissions measurement system
A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) is a vehicle emissions testing device that is small and light enough to be carried inside or moved with a motor vehicle that is being driven during testing, rather than on the stationary rollers of a dynamometer that only simulates real-world driving.

Early examples of mobile vehicle emissions equipment were developed and marketed in the early 1990s by Warren Spring Laboratory UK during the early 1990s, which was used to measure on-road emissions as part of the UK Environment Research Program.  Governmental agencies like United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and various states and private entities have begun to use PEMS in order to reduce both the costs and time involved in making mobile emissions decisions.

The European Commission introduced PEMS as a mandatory requirement for light-duty vehicle type approval in 2016 by amending the regulation that was established in 2007.

Volkswagen emissions scandal
The Volkswagen emissions scandal, sometimes known as Dieselgate or Emissionsgate, began in September 2015, when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German automaker Volkswagen Group. The agency had found that Volkswagen had intentionally programmed turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engines to activate their emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing, which caused the vehicles' NOx output to meet US standards during regulatory testing. However, the vehicles emitted up to 40 times more NOx in real-world driving. Volkswagen deployed this software in about 11 million cars worldwide, including 500,000 in the United States, in model years 2009 through 2015.
AN/ALQ-260 BriteCloud
BriteCloud is a self-contained expendable digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) jammer developed by Selex ES (merged into Leonardo since 2017) to help protect military aircraft. The decoy was launched by Selex ES at a conference held at the Churchill War Rooms, London on 6 November 2013.

Electronic countermeasure
An electronic countermeasure (ECM) is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar, or other detection systems, like infrared (IR) or lasers. It may be used offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy. The system may make many separate targets appear to the enemy, or make the real target appear to disappear or move about randomly. It is used effectively to protect aircraft from guided missiles. Most air forces use ECM to protect their aircraft from attack. It has also been deployed by military ships and recently on some advanced tanks to fool laser/IR guided missiles. It is frequently coupled with stealth advances, so the ECM systems have an easier job. Offensive ECM often takes the form of jamming. Self-protecting (defensive) ECM includes blip enhancement and jamming missile terminal homers.
Cornellà Riera (Llobregat–Anoia Line)
Cornellà Riera is a railway station on the Llobregat–Anoia Line. It is located underneath Passeig dels Ferrocarrils Catalans, in the Cornellà de Llobregat municipality, to the south-west of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. It is served by Barcelona Metro line 8, Baix Llobregat Metro lines S33, S4 and S8, and commuter rail lines R5, R6, R50 and R60.

The station was opened in 1985, when the line's section between Sant Josep and Cornellà Riera stations was put underground. The original at-grade station dates from 1912, and the current underground station is more or less situated underneath it.

Cornellà Riera serves as the main public transport access to RCD Espanyol's Cornellà-El Prat Stadium.

Barcelona Metro line 8
Line 8 is a rapid transit line of the Barcelona Metro network. Unlike most lines on the network, it is operated by Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Line 8's metro service runs on the tracks of the Llobregat-Anoia line. As the other lines of the Barcelona Metro network, line 8 is part of the larger ATM fare-integrated transport system. It connects Plaça Espanya, in the Sants-Montjuïc district of Barcelona to the metropolitan area municipalities of L'Hospitalet, Cornellà and Sant Boi.
Scratch Acid (EP)
Scratch Acid is the self-titled debut by the Austin, Texas noise rock band Scratch Acid. It was only released on vinyl, but now can be found as the first 8 tracks on the compilation album The Greatest Gift.

Kurt Cobain consistently put the album in his "favorite albums" lists in his Journals.

Scratch Acid reached #26 in the UK Indie Chart.

The Greatest Gift (Scratch Acid album)
The Greatest Gift is a posthumously released compilation album by the American noise rock band Scratch Acid. It contains all of the material they released throughout their career, in chronological order of release.
Port Huron Border Cats
The Port Huron Border Cats were a minor professional ice hockey team in the United Hockey League that played from 1996 to 2002. The team was based in Port Huron, Michigan, and played at McMorran Place. The team ceased operations in 2002 and was replaced by another UHL expansion team, the Port Huron Beacons.

Port Huron, Michigan
Port Huron is a city in and the county seat of St. Clair County, Michigan, United States. The population was 28,983 at the 2020 census. The city is bordered on the west by Port Huron Township, but the two are administered autonomously. The city is the largest in The Thumb area of Michigan, and principal community in the Blue Water Area, more recently rebranded as Michigan's Thumb Coast, for tourism purposes..

Port Huron is located along the source of the St. Clair River at the southern end of Lake Huron. The city is along the Canada–United States border and directly across the river from Sarnia, Ontario. The two cities are connected by the Blue Water Bridge at the eastern terminus of Interstate 69/Interstate 94. Port Huron has the easternmost point of land in the state of Michigan and is also one of the northernmost areas included in the Detroit–Warren–Dearborn Metropolitan Statistical Area (Metro Detroit).
Donatary captain
A donatary captain was a Portuguese colonial official to whom the Crown granted jurisdiction, rights and revenues over some colonial territory. The recipient of these grants was called a donatário (donatary), because he had been given the grant as a doação (donation) by the king, often as a reward for service.

The term also applied as the rank of the field officer that was in charge of a captaincy's territorial militia, called ordenanças in Portuguese, a military unit which existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries.

Captaincy
A captaincy (Spanish: capitanía [kapitaˈni.a], Portuguese: capitania [kɐpitɐˈni.ɐ], Croatian: kapetanija) is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. It was instituted as a method of organization, directly associated with the home-rule administrations of medieval feudal governments in which the monarch delimited territories for colonization that were administered by men of confidence.

The same term was or is used in some other countries, such as Croatia, Hungary,  Italy, Ottoman Empire, Slovakia or Austria.
Bonnie McKinnon
Bonnie McKinnon is a Canadian businesswoman and politician in British Columbia, Canada. She represented Surrey-Cloverdale in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1996 to 2001 as a Liberal and then Independent member.

For her initial provincial election in 1996, she recruited family friend (and future mayor) Dianne Watts as a campaign organizer which helped launch Watts into city council.

McKinnon left the Liberal party while in office due to disagreement with leader Gordon Campbell and dissatisfaction with support for women MLAs.  She was defeated by Kevin Falcon when she ran for reelection in 2001 as an Independent.

Prior to provincial politics, McKinnon served as a member of Surrey City Council. She was president of the Cloverdale Skating Club and of the Surrey Board of Trade and a director for the Cloverdale Rodeo and Exhibition Association.

Dianne Watts
Dianne Lynn Watts (born October 30, 1959) is a former politician in British Columbia, Canada. She won her first federal election campaign in October 2015 to become a federal Member of Parliament for South Surrey—White Rock. In 2017 she resigned as MP to pursue a failed leadership bid for the BC Liberal provincial party. Previously, Watts served as the mayor of Surrey, the second-largest city in the province from 2005 to 2014. She was elected in 2005 to this office as the city's first female mayor.
Sestra (Moscow Oblast)
The Sestra (Russian: Сестра́) is a river in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is a left tributary of the Dubna (Volga basin). Its source is the Senezh Lake. The length of the river is 138 km (86 mi). The area of its basin is 2,680 km2 (1,030 sq mi). The river freezes over in November to early January and stays icebound until late March or April. Its main tributary is the Yakhroma. The town of Klin is located on the Sestra.

Dubna (Volga)
The Dubna (Russian: Дубна) is a river in Vladimir Oblast and Moscow Oblast in Russia, a right tributary of the Volga. The length of the river is 167 kilometres. The area of its basin is 5,350 km². Its largest tributary is the Sestra. The town of Dubna is located at the confluence of the Dubna and Volga rivers.
Kerry Justin
Kerry August Justin (born May 3, 1955) is an American former professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL).

Justin was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and attended Crenshaw High School in Los Angeles, California. He played college football at Oregon State.

Justin was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 1978. He spent six seasons with the Seahawks, 1978–1983, before jumping to the United States Football League with the New Jersey Generals. He was with the Generals for two campaigns, 1984–1985, recording 8 interceptions in the second year. When the USFL folded following the 1985 season, Justin returned to the Seahawks for two more years, 1986–1987.

In eight seasons with the Seahawks, he had seven interceptions returned for 31 yards and three blocked punts which remains a team record.

Crenshaw High School
Crenshaw High School is a four-year public secondary school in the Los Angeles Unified School District, located on 11th Avenue in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.

The school first opened in 1968 and currently enrolls around 750 students.
Aspen, Katrineholm Municipality
Aspen is a lake in Katrineholm Municipality, Södermanland, Sweden, and is part of Norrström's main catchment area. The lake is 11 meters deep, has an area of 1.32 square kilometers and is 48 metres above sea level. The lake is dewatered by the river Aspern which carries its water 4 km west to Öljaren.

Katrineholm Municipality
Katrineholm Municipality (Swedish: Katrineholms kommun) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Katrineholm.

The present municipality was created in 1971, when the City of Katrineholm (instituted in 1917) was amalgamated with surrounding rural municipalities.

The thirty-first Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson, while originally from the neighboring municipality of Vingåker, was once the municipal chairman (mayor) of Katrineholm.
Royal Danish Air Force
The Royal Danish Air Force (Danish: Flyvevåbnet, lit. 'The Flying weapon') (RDAF) is the aerial warfare force of the Kingdom of Denmark and one of the four branches of the Danish Armed Forces. Initially being components of the Army and the Navy, it was made a separate service in 1950. Its main purpose is to serve as enforcer of Danish airspace and to provide air support to Danish group troops on the battlefield.

Eskadrille 724
Squadron 724 (Danish: Eskadrille 724) is a Royal Danish Air Force helicopter squadron, based at Karup Air Base in central Jutland.

The squadron was officially established on 7 August 2003, following the disbandment and reorganization of the Danish army's Royal Danish Army Air Corps (Hærens Flyvetjeneste, HFT). The name "Hærens Flyvetjeneste" continued to be used until August 2005.

The squadron consist of 12 AS 550 Fennec. Under the Danish Defence agreement 2005-09, Squadron 724 was slated for disbandment. The Fennec helicopters lost their anti-tank capabilities and were repurposed for light transport and scout roles.

Until 12 September 2005 the squadron also operated 10 H-500 Cayuse helicopters.