hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Treacle Mine Roundabout
Treacle Mine Roundabout is a suburban roundabout between Grays and Stifford Clays, Essex, England.

It is named, as is the adjacent public house for the legend of Treacle mines.

The roundabout was built to link the new A13 to its former route (the A1306) and Long Lane at the top of Hogg Lane: a spot that London Country bus timetables used to call Grays Corner.  There was another Grays Corner elsewhere on the A13, so the name Treacle Mine was used informally to distinguish this older junction.  This junction needed improving despite the long distance A13 traffic being bypassed because of the construction of Chafford Hundred, an Infill development on former quarries, industrial and farming land, and the consequent increase in commuting traffic.

Chafford Hundred
Chafford Hundred, or simply Chafford, is a housing development and suburb in the town of Grays in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. Chafford Hundred is north-west of Grays Town Centre.

Its railway station serves the area and Lakeside Shopping Centre.

Lakeside Shopping Centre is in West Thurrock. Chafford Hundred was built on parts of the historical parishes of Stifford and West Thurrock, Mill Lane being the border of the respective historical parishes. It is located directly between North Stifford and South Stifford.
Zakimi Castle
Zakimi Castle (座喜味城, Zakimi jō; Okinawan: Zachimi Gushiku) is a Ryūkyūan gusuku fortification located in the village of Yomitan, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.  It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1972. It is in ruins, but the walls and foundations have been restored. In 2000, Zakimi Castle was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a part of the Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.

Gusuku
Gusuku (グスク, 御城; Okinawan: gushiku) often refers to castles or fortresses in the Ryukyu Islands that feature stone walls. However, the origin and essence of gusuku remain controversial. In the archaeology of the Ryukyu Islands, the Gusuku period refers to an archaeological epoch of the Okinawa Islands that follows the shell-mound period and precedes the Sanzan period, when most gusuku are thought to have been built. Many gusuku and related cultural remains on Okinawa Island have been listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites under the title Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu.
Gore District Council
Gore District Council is the territorial authority for the Gore District of New Zealand.

The council is led by the mayor of Gore, who is currently Ben Bell. There are also eight ward councillors and three councillors elected at large.

Territorial authorities of New Zealand
The territorial authorities of New Zealand are the country's municipal local government entities, existing alongside the country's regional councils. There are 67 such authorities, including 12 city councils, 53 district councils and 2 sui generis councils (Auckland Council and Chatham Islands Council). Five territorial authorities also have the powers of regional councils, and these are called unitary authorities.

Territorial authorities are not subservient to regional councils, and several of them have jurisdictions overlapping multiple regional council areas. Territorial authorities are responsible for the administration of local matters and resources. These include roads, building consents, water supply and sanitation, amongst other responsibilities. They are not responsible for broader regional environmental management or public transport, as those are the responsibilities of the regional councils.
Julio Fuentes Serrano
Julio Fuentes Serrano (11 December 1954 – 19 November 2001) was a Spanish war correspondent for newspaper El Mundo. On 19 November 2001, along with Maria Grazia Cutuli, Italian correspondent from Il Corriere della Sera, Australian cameraman Harry Burton and Afghan photograph Azizula Haidari, he was kidnapped and murdered by the Taliban in the Sarobi area on the highway between Jalalabad and Kabul in Afghanistan.

Harry Burton (journalist)
Harry Burton (23 January 1968 – 19 November 2001) was an Australian journalist and cameraman who was kidnapped by the Taliban on the highway to Kabul, Afghanistan and then murdered. Three other journalists suffered the same fate.

Burton, 33 years old when he was killed, was a latecomer to journalism and quit his job three years earlier in Melbourne to get involved in the profession. A scholarship fund was set up in his name by the Jakarta Foreign Correspondents Club to support training for reporters from remote parts of Indonesia, particularly camera operators.
Lassa virus
Lassa virus (LASV) is an arenavirus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever,
a type of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), in humans and other primates. Lassa virus is an emerging virus and a select agent, requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment. It is endemic in West African countries, especially Sierra Leone, the Republic of Guinea, Nigeria, and Liberia, where the annual incidence of infection is between 300,000 and 500,000 cases, resulting in 5,000 deaths per year.

As of 2012 discoveries within the Mano River region of west Africa have expanded the endemic zone between the two known Lassa endemic regions, indicating that LASV is more widely distributed throughout the tropical wooded savannah ecozone in west Africa. There are no approved vaccines against Lassa fever for use in humans.

RNA virus
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RNA) based genome. The genome can be single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Dengue virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

All RNA viruses use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication and are categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) into the realm Riboviria. This includes viruses belonging to Group III, Group IV, Group V, and Group VI of the Baltimore classification system. Group VI comprises the retroviruses, which have RNA genetic material but use DNA intermediates in their life cycle. Riboviria does not include viroids and satellite nucleic acids: Deltavirus, Avsunviroidae, and Pospiviroidae are taxa that were mistakenly included in 2019, but this was corrected in 2020.
Ermessende of Pelet
Ermessende of Pelet was the last heiress of the County of Melgueil, in southern France, and  the last countess before it was joined with the County of Toulouse.

Ermessende was the daughter of Bernard V Pelet, who had married Beatrice, daughter of Bernard IV of Melgueil and widow of Berenguer Ramon, Count of Provence. As her consort Bernard V ruled the county from 1146 to 1170.

Ermessende first married Pierre Bermond, lord of Anduze, and they ruled Melgueil from 1170 to 1172 when he died. In 1173 she married Raymond VI of Toulouse. Ermessende died in 1176; her will, made shortly before, was heard before the cardinal deacon Raymond des Arènes, Aldebert d'Uzès, bishop of Nîmes, Bernard Ato V, viscount of Nîmes and Agde, and Gui Guerrejat, guardian of William VIII of Montpellier.

After 1176 Raymond VI continued to rule Melgueil until 1190.  He did not die until 1222.

Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse
Raymond VI (Occitan: Ramon; 27 October 1156 – 2 August 1222) was Count of Toulouse and Marquis of Provence from 1194 to 1222. He was also  Count of Melgueil (as Raymond IV) from 1173 to 1190. Raymond's conflicts with Pope Innocent III over his tolerance of the Cathars led into his excommunication and the beginning of the Albigensian Crusade.
144th Guards Motor Rifle Division
The 144th Guards Yelnya Red Banner Order of Suvorov Motor Rifle Division (Russian: 144-я гвардейская мотострелковая Ельнинская Краснознамённая, ордена Суворова дивизия) is a motorized infantry division of the Russian Ground Forces, reestablished in 2016 with its headquarters at Yelnya, Smolensk Oblast.

2nd Guards Motor Rifle Brigade
The 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Frunze Brigade (Kyrgyz: 2-гвардиялык мотоаткычтар бригадасы; Russian: 2-я отдельная гвардейская мотострелковая Краснознамённая бригада им. М. В. Фрунзе), Military Unit No. 73809, is a Kyrgyz military unit in the Ground Forces based in the city of Koy-Tash.
Bell XP-83
The Bell XP-83 (later redesignated XF-83) was a United States prototype jet escort fighter designed by Bell Aircraft during World War II. It first flew in 1945. As with most early first generation jet fighters, the design was hampered by a relative lack of power. With the rapid advancements in jet technology post-WWII, the XP-83 was soon eclipsed by more advanced designs and it never entered production.

Bell Aircraft
The Bell Aircraft Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer, a builder of several types of fighter aircraft for World War II but most famous for the Bell X-1, the first supersonic aircraft, and for the development and production of many important civilian and military helicopters. Bell also developed the Reaction Control System for the Mercury Spacecraft, North American X-15, and Bell Rocket Belt. The company was purchased in 1960 by Textron, and lives on as Bell Textron.
Ukrainian school
In Polish poetry, the Ukrainian school were a group of Romantic poets of the early 19th century who hailed from the southeastern fringes of the Polish-inhabited lands of the time (this period followed the partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; today mostly part of Ukraine). The poets—Antoni Malczewski, Józef Bohdan Zaleski, Tomasz Padura, Aleksander Groza and Seweryn Goszczyński—produced a distinct style of Polish Romanticism through the incorporation of Ukrainian life, landscapes, history, political events, and folklore into their works. They in turn influenced both Lithuanian and Ukrainian Romantic poetry, and, along with other Polish poets, constituted a link between the various literatures of the post-partition Commonwealth.

Romanticism in Poland
Romanticism in Poland, a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of Polish culture, began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian Empire in 1864.  The latter event ushered in a new era in Polish culture known as Positivism.

Polish Romanticism, unlike Romanticism in some other parts of Europe, was not limited to literary and artistic concerns. Due to specific Polish historical circumstances, notably the partitions of Poland, it was also an ideological, philosophical, and political movement that expressed the ideals and way of life of a Polish society subjected to foreign rule and to ethnic and religious discrimination.
Seattle Art Museum
The Seattle Art Museum (commonly known as SAM) is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, United States. The museum operates three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park, Capitol Hill; and Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened in 2007.

Downtown Seattle
Downtown is the central business district of Seattle, Washington. It is fairly compact compared with other city centers on the U.S. West Coast due to its geographical situation, being hemmed in on the north and east by hills, on the west by Elliott Bay, and on the south by reclaimed land that was once tidal flats. It is bounded on the north by Denny Way, beyond which are Lower Queen Anne (sometimes known as "Uptown"), Seattle Center, and South Lake Union; on the east by Interstate 5, beyond which is Capitol Hill to the northeast and Central District to the east; on the south by S Dearborn Street, beyond which is Sodo; and on the west by Elliott Bay, a part of Puget Sound.
National Center on Disability and Journalism
The National Center on Disability and Journalism (NCDJ) provides resources and support to journalists and communications professionals covering disability issues. The center is headquartered at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University.

Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication
The Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication (often abbreviated to The Cronkite School by its students and faculty), is one of the 24 independent schools at Arizona State University and is named in honor of veteran broadcast journalist Walter Cronkite. The school, which is located at the downtown Phoenix campus, offers several undergraduate and graduate programs in journalism, and in fall 2011, launched its first doctoral program in journalism and mass communication.
Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten
The Minister Plenipotentiary of Sint Maarten (Dutch: Gevolmachtigd Minister van Sint Maarten) represents the constituent country of Sint Maarten in the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The current Minister Plenipotentiary is Patrice Gumbs with Gracita Arrindell as the acting deputy.

A significant difference between the Netherlands Ministers and the Ministers Plenipotentiary is that the former Ministers are accountable for their politics and policies to the Dutch parliament. The Ministers Plenipotentiary, however, are accountable to their national governments. Therefore, the Ministers Plenipotentiary usually do not resign in the event of a Dutch cabinet crisis.

Minister Plenipotentiary (Netherlands)
A minister plenipotentiary (Dutch: gevolmachtigd minister) represents the government of one of the Caribbean constituent countries as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The minister is part of the government of that country, but resides in the Netherlands, where they are part of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Kyrgyzstan Federation of Trade Unions
The Kyrgyzstan Federation of Trade Unions (KFTU), also known as the Federation of Trade Unions of Kyrgyzstan (FTUK) is the national trade union center of Kyrgyzstan. Most trade unions in the country are affiliated to the KFTU.

The KFTU is affiliated with the General Confederation of Trade Unions.

General Confederation of Trade Unions
The General Confederation of Trade Unions or GCTU (Russian: Всеобщая Конфедерация Профсоюзов, Vseobshchya Konfederatsya Profsoyuzov or VKP) is an international trade union confederation. It was founded on 16 April 1992 and incorporates members from the Commonwealth of Independent States.

The GCTU claims a membership of 75 million and is led by Mikhail Shmakov as president.
Banjica forest
Byford's Forest (Serbian: Бајфордова шума, romanized: Bajfordova šuma) is a forest in Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the Belgrade's municipality of Voždovac and until 2015 was known as Banjica Forest (Serbian: Бањичка шума, romanized: Banjička šuma), the name still used in news reports.

The forest covers an area of 40 ha (99 acres) and has been under various degrees of protection since 1993.

Banjica
Banjica (Serbian: Бањица, pronounced [bâɲitsa]) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It's divided between Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac (western half) and Voždovac (eastern half).
Shark Bay
Shark Bay (Malgana: Gathaagudu, lit. 'two waters') is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The 23,000-square-kilometre (8,900 sq mi) area is located approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) north of Perth, on the westernmost point of the Australian continent.

UNESCO's listing of Shark Bay as a World Heritage Site reads:

Shark Bay's waters, islands and peninsulas....have a number of exceptional natural features, including one of the largest and most diverse seagrass beds in the world. However, it is for its stromatolites (colonies of microbial mats that form hard, dome-shaped deposits which are said to be the oldest life forms on earth), that the property is most renowned. The property is also famous for its rich marine life including a large population of dugongs, and provides a refuge for a number of other globally threatened species.

The bay features Australia's most abundant marine ecosystems. It is a popular fishing spot.

Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve
The Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve is a protected marine nature reserve located in the UNESCO World Heritage–listed Shark Bay in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The 127,000-hectare (310,000-acre) nature reserve boasts the most diverse and abundant examples of living marine stromatolites in the world, monuments to life on Earth over 3,500 million years BP.
Crouzon syndrome
Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene on chromosome 10 that controls the body's production of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2).  Crouzon syndrome is named for Octave Crouzon, a French physician who first described this disorder. First called "craniofacial dysostosis" ("craniofacial" refers to the skull and face, and "dysostosis" refers to malformation of bone), the disorder was characterized by a number of clinical features which can be described by the rudimentary meanings of its former name. The developing fetus's skull and facial bones fuse early or are unable to expand. Thus, normal bone growth cannot occur. Fusion of different sutures leads to abnormal patterns of growth of the skull.

Dysostosis
A dysostosis (from Ancient Greek  δῠσ- (dys-) 'bad, difficult' and  ὀστέον (ostéon) 'bone') is a disorder of the development of bone, in particular affecting ossification. Examples include craniofacial dysostosis, Klippel–Feil syndrome, and Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome.

It is one of the two categories of constitutional disorders of bone (the other being osteochondrodysplasia). When the disorder involves the joint between two bones, the term synostosis is often used.
Satomi clan
The Satomi clan (里見氏, Satomi-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan of the Sengoku period (1467–1573) and early Edo period (1603–1868). The clan ruled Awa Province as a Sengoku daimyō and was a major military power in the Kantō region during the wars of the Nanboku-chō period. Although confirmed as daimyō of Tateyama Domain by the Tokugawa shogunate.

Okamoto Castle (Chiba)
Okamoto Castle (岡本城, Okamoto-jō) was a Muromachi period Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Minamibōsō, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 2012 together with Inamura Castle as the Satomi clan castle ruins (里見氏城跡, Satomi-shi shiro ato).
Bad Kösen (Verwaltungsgemeinschaft)
Bad Kösen was a Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ("collective municipality") in the Burgenlandkreis (district), in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft was in Bad Kösen. It was disbanded in January 2008.

The Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Bad Kösen consisted of the following municipalities:

Abtlöbnitz

Bad Kösen

Crölpa-Löbschütz

Janisroda

Leislau

Prießnitz

51°08′06″N 11°43′16″E﻿ / ﻿51.135°N 11.721°E﻿ / 51.135; 11.721

Bad Kösen
Bad Kösen (German: [baːt ˈkøːzn̩] ⓘ) is a spa town on the Saale river in the small  wine-growing region of Saale-Unstrut, Germany. It is a former municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district, in Saxony-Anhalt. Bad Kösen has a population of around 5,300. Since 1 January 2010, it has been a Stadtteil (part) of the town of Naumburg.
Wannian Temple (Mount Emei)
Wannian Temple (simplified Chinese: 万年寺; traditional Chinese: 萬年寺; pinyin: Wànnián Sì; lit. 'Ten Thousand Year Temple') is a Buddhist temple located at the foot of Camel Mountain Range of Mount Emei, in Emeishan City, Sichuan, China. It is one of the six earliest Buddhist temples on Mount Emei. The temple is situated at the foot of Camel Mountain Range, facing the Daping Temple (大坪寺; 'Flat Ground Temple'), Niuxin Temple (牛心寺; 'Cattle Heart Temple'), Shisun Summit (石笋峰; 'Stalagmite Summit') and Bomeng Summit (钵孟峰) in the front. Wannian Temple is known not only for the bronze statue of Samantabhadra, but also for the Beamless Brick Hall.

Mount Emei
Mount Emei ([ɤ̌.měɪ]; Chinese: 峨眉山; pinyin: Éméi shān), alternatively Mount Omei, is a 3,099-metre-tall (10,167 ft) mountain in Sichuan Province, China, and is the highest of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. Mount Emei sits at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin. The mountains west of it are known as Daxiangling.
A large surrounding area of countryside is geologically known as the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, a large igneous province generated by the Emeishan Traps volcanic eruptions during the Permian Period.

Administratively, Mount Emei is located near the county-level city of the same name (Emeishan City), which is in turn part of the prefecture-level city of Leshan. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.
Bourbonnais Creole
Bourbonnais Creole is the group of French-based creole languages spoken in the western Indian Ocean. The close relation of the languages is from the similar historical and cultural backgrounds of the islands. The name is derived from the former name of Réunion Island: Bourbon Island before 1793. Another name is Mascarene Creole, as the predominant island group is called the Mascarenes.

There are six languages in this group:

Agalega Creole

Chagossian Creole

Mauritian Creole

Réunion Creole

Rodriguan Creole

Seychellois Creole

French-based creole languages
A French creole, or French-based creole language, is a creole for which French is the lexifier. Most often this lexifier is not modern French but rather a 17th- or 18th-century koiné of French from Paris, the French Atlantic harbors, and the nascent French colonies. This article also contains information on French pidgin languages, contact languages that lack native speakers.

These contact languages are not to be confused with non-creole varieties of French outside of Europe that date to colonial times, such as Acadian, Louisiana, New England or Quebec French.

There are over 15.5 million speakers of some form of French-based creole languages. Haitian Creole is the most spoken creole language in the world, with over 12 million speakers.
Yevgraph Tyurin
Yefgraph Dmitrievich Tyurin (Russian: Евграф Дмитриевич Тюрин) was a Russian architect and art collector, famous as the builder of Elokhovo Cathedral in Moscow, the main cathedral of Russian Orthodox Church in 1945–2000, and Moscow State University expansion in 1830. Tyurin’s life and work, especially in his later years, was poorly documented. His life period is usually presented as 1792–1870, however, recent studies by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina extend it, most likely, to 1793–1875.

This article is based on biography by Sophia Tyurina-Mitrokhina (2005 edition)

Domenico Gilardi
Domenico Gilardi (Russian: Доменико Жилярди; 1785–1845) was a Swiss Italian architect who worked primarily in Moscow, Russia in Neoclassicist style. He was one of the key architects charged with rebuilding the city after the Fire of 1812. Gilardi's legacy survives in public buildings like Moscow Orphanage, Widows’ House, Catherine's Institute and the Old Hall of Moscow University.
Lake El Rayan
Lake El Rayan is a lake located within the Wadi El Rayan Protected Area in Egypt. It covers an area of 52.9 square kilometers and consists of two lakes connected by a waterfall area. The lake is an important source of fish resources.

Faiyum
Faiyum (/faɪˈjuːm/ fy-YOOM; Egyptian Arabic: الفيوم, romanized: el-Fayyūm, locally [elfæjˈjuːm]) is a city in Middle Egypt. Located 100 kilometres (62 miles) southwest of Cairo, in the Faiyum Oasis, it is the capital of the modern Faiyum Governorate. It is one of Egypt's oldest cities due to its strategic location.