hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Diehard Duterte Supporters
Diehard Duterte Supporters (DDS) is a label popularly associated with, and also adopted by, the supporters of the 16th president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, whom they view as a necessary strongman. The term was popularized during the 2016 presidential election and has since been used to refer to the most "diehard" among Duterte's loyalists. The term is also commonly used by his opposition to describe people they allege to be engaging in internet trolling and disruptive behavior online to defend Duterte.

Its initialism, DDS, was taken directly from the Davao Death Squad, an alleged vigilante group that existed in Davao City during Duterte's tenure as mayor.

Davao Death Squad
The Davao Death Squad (DDS) is a death squad group in Davao City, Philippines. The group is alleged to have conducted summary executions of street children and individuals suspected of petty crimes and drug dealing. It has been estimated that the group is responsible for the killing or disappearance of between 1,020 and 1,040 people between 1998 and 2008. A 2009 report by the Philippine Commission on Human Rights (CHR) noted stonewalling by local police under the mayorship of Rodrigo Duterte while a leaked cable observed a lack of public outrage among Davao residents.
Kōkokuji Castle
Kōkokuji Castle (興国寺城, Kōkokuji-jō) was a Sengoku period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in the Negoya neighborhood of the city of Numazu, Shizuoka prefecture. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1975.

Numazu
Numazu (沼津市, Numazu-shi) is a city located in eastern Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019, the city had an estimated population of 189,486 in 91,986 households, and a population density of 1,014 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 186.96 square kilometres (72.19 sq mi).
November 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 31 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 2

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 14 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 1st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 19.

Cosmas and Damian
Cosmas and Damian (c. 3rd century – c. 287 or c. 303 AD) were two Arab physicians and early Christian martyrs. They practised their profession in the seaport of Aegeae, then in the Roman province of Cilicia.

Cosmas and Damian were third century Arabian-born twin brothers who embraced Christianity and practiced medicine and surgery without a fee. This led them to being named anargyroi (from the Greek Ἀνάργυροι, "the silverless" or "unmercenaries"); by this, they attracted many to the Christian faith. They reputedly cured blindness, fever, paralysis and reportedly expelled a serpent. They were arrested by Lysias, governor of Cilicia (modern-day Çukurova, Turkey) during the Diocletian persecution because of their faith and fame as healers. Emperor Diocletian, who favoured the worship of the Olympian gods, issued a series of edicts that condemned the Christians with the goal of eliminating Christianity from the Roman Empire.
Sarmizegetusa, Hunedoara
Sarmizegetusa (colloquially and until 1941 officially Grădiște; Hungarian: Várhely, German: Burgort) is a commune in Țara Hațegului depression, Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Breazova (Brázova), Hobița-Grădiște (Hobicavárhely), Păucinești (Paucsinesd), Sarmizegetusa, and Zeicani (Zajkány).

Built atop the ruins of the capital of Roman Dacia, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, it is some 40 km (25 mi) from the capital of the Dacian kingdom, Sarmizegetusa Regia. The ruins of both Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa and Sarmizegetusa Regia are still available for visiting.

Țara Hațegului
Țara Hațegului ("Hațeg Land"; German: Wallenthal, Hungarian: Hátszegvidék, Latin: terra Harszoc) is a historical and ethnographical area in Hunedoara County, Romania, in the south-western corner of Transylvania. It is centered in the town of Hațeg.

Țara Hațegului is located in the Depression of Hațeg. Here there are: the site of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (the capital of the Roman Dacia, established in the 2nd century A.D.), the Densuș Church and palaeontological remains (see Hațeg Island and Hatzegopteryx).

Under the Kingdom of Hungary, the Hátszeg District was part of Hunyad County.

The region is composed of one town and ten communes: Hațeg, Baru, Densuș, General Berthelot, Pui, Răchitova, Râu de Mori, Sarmizegetusa, Sălașu de Sus, Sântămăria-Orlea and Totești.
Palaeoteuthomorpha
Palaeoteuthomorpha is a superorder of primitive coleoid cephalopods, containing the Boletzkyida, characterized by an orthoceroid-like phragmocone early in ontogeny and a teuthid living chamber later in ontogeny. This contrasts with the later Teuthida  which have a reduced living chamber (gladius) throughout.

Coleoidea
Coleoidea or Dibranchiata is one of the two subclasses of cephalopod molluscs containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as "soft-bodied" or "shell-less" (i.e. octopus, squid and cuttlefish). Unlike its sister groups, the shelled †Ammonoidea and Nautiloidea, the coleoids have at most an internal shell called cuttlebone or gladius that is used for buoyancy or as muscle attachment. Some species, notably the incirrate octopuses (including commonly known varieties living in the shallows), have lost their internal shell altogether, while in some it has been replaced by a chitinous support structure.
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts
The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts (DITRDCSA) is a department of the Australian Government responsible for providing advice on and delivering policies and programs for infrastructure, transport, regional development, communications, cultural affairs, sports, and the arts.

Minister for Northern Australia
The Minister for Northern Australia is an Australian Government cabinet position which is currently held by Madeleine King following the swearing in of the full Albanese ministry on 1 June 2022.

In the Government of Australia, the minister administers this portfolio through the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, Sport and the Arts.
Brandenbourg
Brandenbourg (Luxembourgish: Branebuerg; German: Brandenburg [ˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk] ⓘ) is a village in the commune of Tandel, in north-eastern Luxembourg.  It lies in the valley of the Blees river, and is the site of the 10th century Brandenbourg Castle.  As of 2025, the village had a population of 331.

Until 1 January 2006, Brandenbourg was part of the commune of Bastendorf, which was merged with the commune of Fouhren to form the modern commune of Tandel.

Brandenbourg Castle
Brandenbourg Castle (Luxembourgish: Buerg Branebuerg; French: Château de Brandenbourg; German: Burg Brandenbourg), now a ruin, is located on a promontory some 70 metres above the village of Brandenbourg in north-eastern Luxembourg. It has a history going back to the 9th and 10th centuries when there was a wooden fort on the site. The 13th century keep, now 11.9 metres high, used to have four floors, only three of which remain. Around 1687, the French destroyed  the external walls of the castle which subsequently fell increasingly into ruin. It is now owned by the family du Fays - van Delft. The owner signed an emphyteutic lease (1997) with the State of Luxembourg permitting the state to take care of the castle (consolidation and archaeological excavation work).
Ehsan Hajsafi
Ehsan Hajsafi (Persian: احسان حاج‌صفی; born 25 February 1990) is an Iranian professional footballer who plays for  Sepahan

Hajsafi is regarded as a utility player, being able to play as a winger, left-back or defensive midfielder.

In 2009, Hajsafi was selected by Goal.com as the most promising player in Asian football.
Hajsafi has represented Iran at the 2014, 2018 and 2022 editions of the FIFA World Cup, as well as the 2011, 2015, 2019 and 2023 AFC Asian Cup tournaments.

2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup
The 2007–08 Persian Gulf Cup (also known as Iran Pro League) was the 25th season of Iran's Football League and seventh season of Iran Pro League since its establishment in 2001. Saipa were the defending champions. The season featured 13 teams from the 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup and three new teams promoted from the 2006–07 Azadegan League: Shirin Faraz as champions, Pegah and Sanat Naft. PAS Hamedan replaced PAS Tehran. The league started on 16 August 2007 and ended on 17 May 2008. Persepolis won the Pro League title for the first time in their history (total ninth Iranian title).
66th Infantry Division (United States)
The 66th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army during World War II. Activated 15 April 1943, the division trained at Camp Blanding, Florida, and was later transferred to Camp Robinson, Arkansas and then later to Camp Rucker, Alabama before being shipped overseas to England on 26 November 1944. Commanded by Maj. Gen. Herman F. Kramer, the 66th Infantry Division's main role in World War II was containing and eliminating the remaining pockets of German soldiers in Northern France.

SS Léopoldville (1928)
SS Léopoldville was a 11,509 GRT passenger liner of the Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo. She was converted for use as a troopship in the Second World War, and on 24 December 1944, while sailing between Southampton and Cherbourg, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-486. As a result, about 763 US soldiers and 15 officers of the ship's crew died. The crew had abandoned ship and left U.S. troops without proper evacuation orders.
Giulia Frasi
Giulia Frasi (also Frassi) was born c. 1730 and died in 1772 or after May 1774. She was an Italian soprano who was primarily active in London. She sang in every one of Handel's English oratorios (with the exception of Semele), including various world premières for which the composer wrote roles specifically for her.

Caterina Galli
Caterina Galli (c. 1723 – 1804) was an Italian operatic mezzo-soprano. She first rose to fame in England in the 1740s and early 1750s where she was particularly admired for her performances in the works of George Frideric Handel. She then enjoyed success in her native country in the 1750s and 1760s, before returning to England, where she remained active as a performer up through 1797.
Bowman House, Richmond
Bowman House is a heritage-listed former residence and now Hawkesbury Area Office of the National Parks and Wildlife Service at 368-370 Windsor Street, Richmond, New South Wales, an outer suburb of Sydney, Australia. It was built from 1817 to 1820 by James Blackman. It is also known as Bowman's Cottage. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Richmond, New South Wales
Richmond is a historic and country feel town in northwest Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. Richmond is in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury and is part of the Sydney metropolitan area. It is located 19 metres above sea level on the alluvial Hawkesbury River flats, at the foot of the Blue Mountains. It is about 62 km by road from the Sydney CBD, 22 km from Penrith, 25 km from Blacktown, 39 km from Parramatta, 78 km from Lithgow and 7 km from Windsor. Richmond is now part of the Sydney urban area, with access to various amenities including Supermarkets, Cafe, Railway, Shopping Mall, Schools, TAFE and University.
Bathway Quarter
Bathway Quarter is an area of historic interest in the centre of Woolwich, South East London. Most buildings in the Bathway Quarter are Grade II*, Grade II or locally listed, while the area as a whole is designated a conservation area by Greenwich Council. With the exception of the Old Town Hall, the listed buildings date from the late-19th or early-20th century. Several were designed by local architect Henry Hudson Church, their civic use reflected in their grand elevations formed of red brick with stone detailing.

Powis Street
Powis Street is a partly pedestrianised shopping street in Woolwich in the Royal Borough of Greenwich, south-east London, England. It was laid out in the late 18th century and was named after the Powis brothers, who developed most of the land in this part of the town. The street has been rebuilt several times but has retained some notable examples of late-Victorian and Art Deco architecture. Since 2019 the street is part of a conservation area.
1st Lincolnshire Artillery Volunteers
The 1st Lincolnshire Artillery Volunteers were formed in 1860 as a response to a French invasion threat. They fought on the Western Front during World War I. In World War II, the unit took part in the Battle of France and Dunkirk evacuation, the Anglo-Iraqi War with 'Kingcol', the Western Desert Campaign in which it distinguished itself at the Battle of Sidi Rezegh, and finally fought as infantry in the Chindits. The unit was disbanded in 1947.

3rd North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
The 3rd North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery was a volunteer unit of the British Territorial Force formed in 1908. It served in some of the bloodiest battles on the Western Front during World War I
IAR 80
The IAR 80 was a Romanian World War II low-wing monoplane, all-metal monocoque fighter and ground-attack aircraft. When it first flew, in 1939, it was comparable to contemporary designs being deployed by the airforces of the most advanced military powers such as the Hawker Hurricane and Bf 109E. Production problems and lack of available armament delayed entry of the IAR 80 into service until 1941. It remained in frontline use until the end of the war.

Grupul 9 Vânătoare
Grupul 9 Vânătoare ("9th Fighter Group" in English) was a Royal Romanian Air Force (ARR) fighter group established on 19 April 1942. It participated in battles on the Eastern Front and defended the country against Western Allied bombing raids in 1944. Under the command of Captain Constantin Cantacuzino, the group fought against the Luftwaffe after 23 August 1944, ending the war in Czechoslovakia in 1945.
Twm
twm (Tab Window Manager) is a window manager for the X Window System. Started in 1987 by Tom LaStrange, it has been the standard window manager for the X Window System since version X11R4. The name originally stood for Tom's Window Manager, but the software was renamed Tab Window Manager by the X Consortium when they adopted it in 1989. twm is a stacking window manager that provides title bars, shaped windows and icon management. It is highly configurable and extensible.

twm was a breakthrough achievement in the early years, but has been superseded by other window managers which, unlike twm, use a widget toolkit rather than a combination of the X Toolkit Intrinsics and XRandR.

Various other window managers, such as vtwm, tvtwm, CTWM, and FVWM, were derived from twm's source code.

twm is still standard with X.Org Server, and is available as part of many X Window System implementations.

Ultrix Window Manager
Free and open-source software portal

The Ultrix Window Manager (uwm) is a historic standard window manager software for the X Window System from X11R1 through X11R3 releases. In fact, it was the only X11-compatible window manager as of X11R1.
Lirio, Lombardy
Lirio is a former comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 50 km south of Milan and about 20 km southeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 153 and an area of 1.7 km².

Lirio bordered the following municipalities: Montalto Pavese, Montecalvo Versiggia, Pietra de' Giorgi, Santa Maria della Versa.

On 31 January 2026, it was annexed to the Montalto Pavese comune.

Pietra de' Giorgi
Pietra de' Giorgi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, about 45 km south of Milan and about 15 km southeast of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 857 and an area of 11.0 km².

Pietra de' Giorgi borders the following municipalities: Broni, Castana, Cigognola, Lirio, Montalto Pavese, Mornico Losana, Redavalle, Santa Giuletta, Santa Maria della Versa.
Northern Alliance (Myanmar)
The Northern Alliance, officially the Northern Alliance – Burma (Burmese: မြန်မာပြည်မြောက်ပိုင်း မဟာမိတ်တပ်ဖွဲ့; abbreviated NA-B), is a military coalition in Myanmar composed of four ethnic insurgent groups: the Arakan Army (AA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA). Since December 2016, the Northern Alliance has been in fierce military confrontations with the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) in the towns of Muse, Mong Ko, Pang Hseng, Namhkam and Kutkai in Shan State. The Northern Alliance members are also part of the Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee (FPNCC).

Ta'ang National Liberation Army
The Ta'ang National Liberation Army (Burmese: တအာင်း အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated TNLA) is a political organization and armed group in Myanmar. It is the armed wing of the Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF).
Prešeren Square
Prešeren Square (Slovene: Prešernov trg) is the central square in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. It is part of the old town's pedestrian zone and a major meeting point where festivals (like the annual Ljubljana Dragon Carnival), concerts, sports, political events, and protests take place. It was redesigned according to plans by Edvard Ravnikar from a funnel-shaped to a circular form in 1987–88 and renovated in 2007.

Max Fabiani
Maximilian Fabiani, commonly known as Max Fabiani (Italian: Massimo, Slovene: Maks) (29 April 1865 – 12 August 1962) was a Slovenian architect, born in the village of Kobdilj near Štanjel, Austro-Hungary in present-day Slovenia. Together with Ciril Metod Koch and Ivan Vancaš, he introduced the Vienna Secession style of architecture (a type of Art Nouveau) in Slovenia.
McCoy Park
McCoy Park is a park in the Portsmouth neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. Named for the Oregon Senator Bill McCoy and his wife Gladys, the park is located at the center of New Columbia, a large housing development in Portsmouth.

Portsmouth, Portland, Oregon
Portsmouth is a neighborhood in the north section of Portland, Oregon, United States. It is bordered by Columbia Boulevard to the north, Lombard Street to the south, Chautauqua Boulevard to the east, and a BNSF Railway cut to the west.
Cavallermaggiore
Cavallermaggiore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northeast of Cuneo.

Cavallermaggiore borders the following municipalities: Bra, Cavallerleone, Cherasco, Marene, Monasterolo di Savigliano, Racconigi, Ruffia, Sanfrè, Savigliano, and Sommariva del Bosco.

Sanfrè
Sanfrè is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,602 and an area of 15.4 square kilometres (5.9 mi2).

The municipality of Sanfrè contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Martini and Motta.

Sanfrè borders the following municipalities: Bra, Cavallermaggiore, Pocapaglia, Sommariva del Bosco, and Sommariva Perno.
Sumpter Valley Railway Passenger Station
Sumpter Valley Railway Passenger Station was the westernmost station on the Sumpter Valley Railway, which ran 80 miles (130 km) from Baker City to Prairie City in the U.S. state of Oregon. The line reached Prairie City in 1910 but was abandoned in 1933, and the station became a private dwelling. Since 1984, the renovated station has housed the collections of the DeWitt Museum, including railway artifacts from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Sumpter Valley Railway
The Sumpter Valley Railway, or Sumpter Valley Railroad, is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge heritage railroad located in Baker County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. Built on a right-of-way used by the original railway of the same name, it carries excursion trains on a roughly 5-mile (8.0 km) route between McEwen and Sumpter. The railroad has two steam locomotives and several other pieces of rolling stock. Passenger excursion trains operate on weekends and holidays from Memorial Day through the end of September.
LeapTV
The LeapTV is an educational video game console developed by LeapFrog and released on October 20, 2014. The console consists of the main unit, a motion sensing camera, and a modifiable controller for different play styles. The controller wirelessly connects to the console using Bluetooth and runs on AA batteries. The camera has a 640x480 pixel resolution and a motion detector. It comes with 16GB storage and 1GB of DDR3 memory.

LeapFrog Enterprises
LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc. is an educational entertainment and electronics company based in Emeryville, California. LeapFrog designs, develops, and markets technology-based learning products and related content for the education of children from infancy through grade school. The company was founded by Michael Wood and Robert Lally in 1994. John Barbour is the chief executive officer of LeapFrog.
Hammarvika
Hammarvika is a village in Frøya Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the municipal center of Sistranda on the southeastern side of the island of Frøya.  The 0.79-square-kilometre (200-acre) village has a population (2024) of 549 and a population density of 695 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,800/sq mi).

The Frøya Tunnel to the neighboring island of Hitra begins at Hammarvika and goes underneath the Frøyfjorden to the south.

Frøyfjorden
Frøyfjorden is a strait between the islands of Frøya and Hitra in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 25-kilometre (16 mi) long strait is rather shallow, only about 100 metres (330 ft) at its deepest. The Frøya Tunnel goes beneath the fjord from Hammarvika in Frøya Municipality to the island of Dolmøya in Hitra Municipality.
Eldra Jarman
Eldra Mary Jarman born Eldra Mary Roberts (4 September 1917 – 24 September 2000)

She had south Asian heritage as she was a Kale (Welsh Roma) harpist and author. She is known for the books she researched on the Welsh Romani heritage and her knowledge of the triple harp. Her memoirs were made into a film.

Kale (Welsh Roma)
The Kale (also spelled Kalé /kɔ.leɪ/, or Welsh Gypsies; Welsh Romani: Kā̊lē; Welsh: Teulu Abram Wood or Sipsiwn Cymreig) are a Romani subgroup predominantly found in Wales, particularly in the Welsh-speaking areas. Romani people have been present in Wales since the 16th century.

The Kale are closely related to the Romanichal, Romanisael, and Kaale subgroups. The Romani people can trace their origins to South Asia, likely in the regions of present-day Punjab, Rajasthan and Sindh.

The Kale were traditionally renowned musicians, and are reported to have introduced the fiddle to Wales. They were also known for their distinctive styles of clothing, dance, poetry and storytelling.
Peter of Krutitsy
Peter of Krutitsy (Священному́ченик Пётр Крути́цкий, born Pyotr Fyodorovich Polyansky, Пётр Фёдорович Поля́нский; July 10, 1862 (June 28 O.S.)  – October 10, 1937 (September 27 O. S.), was a Russian Orthodox bishop and martyr.  From April 12 till December 9, 1925 he was the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, serving as the patriarchal locum tenens. Despite his imprisonment, he remained technically locum tenens until his death in 1937.

He is considered as a saint hieromartyr by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Patriarch Sergius of Moscow
Patriarch Sergius I (Russian: Патриа́рх Се́ргий; born Ivan Nikolayevich Stragorodsky, Ива́н Никола́евич Страгоро́дский; January 23 [O.S. January 11] 1867 – May 15, 1944) was the 12th Patriarch of Moscow and all the Rus', from September 8, 1943 until his death on May 15, 1944. He was also the de facto head of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1925–1943, firstly as deputy Patriarchal locum tenens (1925–1937) subsequently as Patriarchal locum tenens (1937–1943).

Starting in 1927, he pursued a policy of unconditional loyalty to the Soviet government, which led to significant criticism of him and the separation of some lay people and clerics.