hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean Népomucène Hermann Nast
Jean Népomucène Hermann Nast (1754–1817) was founder of a porcelain manufacture who pioneered a process of high relief, multicolored hard-paste porcelain.

Nast was born in Austria.  He worked at a state porcelain workshop at the Palace of Versailles before starting his own factory, the manufacture de Nast, in 1783. There, Nast collaborated with French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin in introducing new intensely colored glazes. At the beginning of the 19th century the manufacture had risen to prominence, rivalling the manufacture nationale de Sèvres, supplying French nobility, the government of the French Directory, Napoleon I, and many European courts.

Following Nast's death at Paris in 1817, his sons continued to operate the factory until its sale in 1835.

Manufacture de Nast
The manufacture de Nast was a prominent hard-paste porcelain factory founded in Paris in 1783 by Jean Népomucène Hermann Nast, an Austrian born French citizen.  Nast porcelain was produced until 1835, and  was one of a number of factories making very high-quality porcelain in Paris in this period, such as Dihl and Guérhard.  This contrasted with London, where the factories had all closed or removed north by 1775, although the capital remained, like Paris, a centre for decorating plain "blanks" made elsewhere - in France often in Limoges porcelain.
Live Is Beautiful
Live Is Beautiful is a live EP by Sixx:A.M., a side project of Mötley Crüe's Nikki Sixx, released both with the deluxe edition of The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack and separately, on November 25, 2008. The EP was recorded live during various performances of the band during Mötley Crüe's Crüe Fest in the summer of 2008.

The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack
The Heroin Diaries Soundtrack, often referred to as simply The Heroin Diaries, is the debut studio album by Sixx:A.M., a side project of Mötley Crüe bassist Nikki Sixx. The band also features lead vocalist James Michael and guitarist DJ Ashba. The concept album serves as the companion soundtrack to Sixx's autobiography, The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star, and is about Sixx's severe heroin addiction in 1987. The first single, "Life Is Beautiful," debuted at number 26 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.
Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 with the song "La noche es para mí", written by Irini Michas, Dimitri Stassos, Jason Gill, and Felipe Pedroso, and performed by Soraya. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), organised the national final Eurovisión 2009: El retorno in order to select its entry for the contest. The national final consisted of three semi-finals and a final and involved 30 artists and songs. Ten entries ultimately qualified to compete in the televised final where an in-studio jury and a public televote selected "La noche es para mí" performed by Soraya as the winner.

As a member of the "Big Four", Spain automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing as the closing entry during the show in position 25, Spain placed twenty-fourth out of the 25 participating countries with 23 points.

José Luis Uribarri
José Luis Uribarri Grenouillou (9 August 1936 – 23 July 2012) was a Spanish broadcaster and music journalist for Televisión Española (TVE). He was the Spanish commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest on 18 occasions between 1969 and 2010. He was widely known as La voz de Eurovisión (The Voice of Eurovision) in Spain.
Arendal crash
The Arendal crash (Arendalskrakket) was an economic crisis in Arendal, Norway, that occurred when the bank Arendals Privatbank went bankrupt in 1886 and the bank's co-owner Axel Nicolai Herlofson was revealed to have defrauded customers and co-owners systemically. The crash led to several other bankruptcies and unemployment in Southern Norway, and marked the end of Arendal as an important shipping town. It took over 80 years to overcome the effects of the crash. Herlofson was sentenced to six years penal labour. Only two years after its start in 1874, the bank was in reality bankrupt, but the bank was continued for nine years due to corruption and poor routines or a lack of routines. The debt to Herlofson, his brother Oskar and Strømsbu sag was finally NOK 12 million, corresponding to the entire wealth of Kristiansand's population, or six billion 2012 kroner.

Arendal
Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːɫ] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene, Eydehavn, Færvik, Strengereid, Kongshavn, Kilsund, Brattekleiv, Torsbudalen, Longum, Saltrød, Staubø, Vrengen, and Kolbjørnsvik. The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal.

The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality is the 273rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 45,891. The municipality's population density is 179.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (466/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Erba, Lombardy
Erba (previously Erba-Incino, as it was formed by the union of these two places, together with some smaller districts) is a comune (municipality) of some 16,000 inhabitants in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy. It is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Como in the traditional region of Brianza at the foot of the Lombard Prealps and close to Monte Bollettone.

It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on May 12, 1970. Erba borders the following municipalities: Albavilla, Caslino d'Erba, Castelmarte, Eupilio, Faggeto Lario, Longone al Segrino, Merone, Monguzzo, Ponte Lambro, Proserpio.

Longone al Segrino
Longone al Segrino (Brianzöö: Lungun [lũˈɡũː]) is a small village and comune between Como and Lecco in the province of Como in Lombardy, Italy. It is located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) east of Como. It is known for its lake, an unusual case of an intact ecosystem. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,543 and an area of 1.5 square kilometres (0.58 sq mi).

The municipality of Longone al Segrino contains the frazione (subdivision) Morchiuso.

Longone al Segrino borders the following municipalities: Canzo, Erba, Eupilio, and Proserpio.
Wolseley expedition
The Wolseley expedition was a military force authorized by Canadian Prime Minister John A. Macdonald to confront Louis Riel and the Métis in 1870, during the Red River Rebellion, at the Red River Colony in what is now the province of Manitoba. The expedition was also intended to counter American expansionist sentiments in northern border states. Leaving Toronto in May, the expedition arrived, after a three-month journey in arduous conditions, at Fort Garry on August 24. This extinguished Riel's provisional government and eradicated the threat of the American expansion into western Canada.

King's Royal Rifle Corps
The King's Royal Rifle Corps was an infantry rifle regiment of the British Army that was originally raised in British North America as the Royal American Regiment during the phase of the Seven Years' War in North America known in the United States as 'The French and Indian War.' Subsequently numbered the 60th Regiment of Foot, the regiment served for more than 200 years throughout the British Empire. In 1958, the regiment joined the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and the Rifle Brigade in the Green Jackets Brigade and in 1966 the three regiments were formally amalgamated to become the Royal Green Jackets. The KRRC became the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. On the disbandment of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992, the RGJ's KRRC battalion was redesignated as the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets, eventually becoming 2nd Battalion, The Rifles in 2007.
Simple group
In mathematics, a simple group is a nontrivial group whose only normal subgroups are the trivial group and the group itself.  A group that is not simple can be broken into two smaller groups, namely a nontrivial normal subgroup and the corresponding quotient group. This process can be repeated, and for finite groups one eventually arrives at uniquely determined simple groups, by the Jordan–Hölder theorem.

The complete classification of finite simple groups, completed in 2004, is a major milestone in the history of mathematics.

Alternating group
In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set. The alternating group on a set of n elements is called the alternating group of degree n, or the alternating group on n letters and denoted by An or Alt(n).
Myricks, Massachusetts
Myricks is an association community or populated place (Class Code U6) located in Berkley, Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. The elevation is 62 feet. Myricks appears on the Assonet U.S. Geological Survey Map.

It is also the junction of the railroad from Fall River, New Bedford, and Boston on the Fall River Railroad (1846) (later the Old Colony Railroad).

The Myricks railway station was a popular stop for vacationers. This stop on the line no longer exists. Near the location of this stop was the Cattle and Agricultural Show that ran for some years towards the end of the 19th century. The buildings were later sold and is now unsettled land off Mill Street.

Berkley, Massachusetts
Berkley is a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States, located south of Boston and east of Providence, Rhode Island. The population was 6,764 according to the 2020 census, making it the least populated town in the county.

Berkley is a part of the South Coast region of Massachusetts which encompasses the cities and towns that surround Buzzards Bay (excluding the Elizabeth Islands, Bourne and Falmouth), Mount Hope Bay and the Sakonnet River.
Cohen–Macaulay ring
In mathematics, a Cohen–Macaulay ring is a commutative ring with some of the algebro-geometric properties of a smooth variety, such as local equidimensionality. Under mild assumptions, a local ring is Cohen–Macaulay exactly when it is a finitely generated free module over a regular local subring. Cohen–Macaulay rings play a central role in commutative algebra: they form a very broad class, and yet they are well understood in many ways.

They are named for Francis Sowerby Macaulay (1916), who proved the unmixedness theorem for polynomial rings, and for Irvin Cohen (1946), who proved the unmixedness theorem for formal power series rings. All Cohen–Macaulay rings have the unmixedness property.

For Noetherian local rings, there is the following chain of inclusions.

Universally catenary rings ⊃  Cohen–Macaulay rings ⊃ Gorenstein rings ⊃ complete intersection rings ⊃ regular local rings

Commutative ring
In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high number of fundamental properties of commutative rings that do not extend to noncommutative rings.

Commutative rings appear in the following chain of class inclusions:

rngs ⊃ rings ⊃ commutative rings ⊃  integral domains ⊃ integrally closed domains ⊃ GCD domains ⊃ unique factorization domains ⊃ principal ideal domains ⊃ Euclidean domains ⊃ fields ⊃ algebraically closed fields
Morteza Neidavoud
Morteza Neydavoud (Persian: مرتضی نی‌داوود) (1900–1990) was a prominent master of Persian classical music and a soloist of tar. His 1927 Morq-e sahar (Dawn bird) is one of the most famous Persian songs which has been performed by various singers.

Qamar-ol-Moluk Vaziri
Qamar-ol-Moluk Vaziri (Persian: قمرالملوک وزیرى [ɢæmærolmoluːk væziːriː]; (1905 – 5 August 1959), born Qamar Khanum Seyed Hosayn Khan (Persian: قمر‌خانم سید‌حسین‌خان), commonly known as "Qamar" (Persian: قمر [ɢæmær]), was a celebrated Iranian singer, who was also the first woman of her time to sing in public in Iran without wearing a veil. She is known as "the Queen of Persian music".

Singing with the vocal range of a mezzo-soprano, she was revered for her mastery of the repertoire of Persian vocal music (radif-e âvâz), especially her sensitive rendition of tasnif and tarâna.
Mary Jane Irwin
Mary Jane Irwin is an Emerita Evan Pugh Professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She has been on the faculty at Penn State since 1977. She is an international expert in computer architecture. Her research and teaching interests include computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power and reliability aware design, and emerging technologies in computing systems.

Irwin was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2003 for contributions to VLSI architecture and automated design.

Computing Research Association
The Computing Research Association (CRA) is a 501(c)3 non-profit association of North American academic departments of computer science, computer engineering, and related fields; laboratories and centers in industry, government, and academia engaging in basic computing research; and affiliated professional societies.  CRA was formed in 1972 and is based in Washington, D.C., United States.
Beer rating
Beer rating is the process of assessment and evaluation of beer by use of a points-based system. The process is similar to that used in beer judging competitions, such as those organised by the Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP) in America, though the participants are consumers so it may be termed a score-rated recommendation system. The rating system may be a simple 5 marks, and may be organized by a beer store or pub chain such as Wetherspoon in the UK; or it may be more involved, such as the systems used by beer rating websites such as BeerAdvocate and RateBeer. A 2017 study considered beer ratings to be "a relatively unbiased and informative source of social information".

Untappd
Untappd is a geosocial networking service and mobile phone application founded by Greg Avola and Tim Mather that allows its users to check in as they drink beers, and share these check-ins and their locations with their friends. It incorporates aspects of gamification.

Untappd provides a platform for users to rate the beer they are consuming, earn badges, share pictures of their beers, review tap lists from nearby venues, see what beers their friends are drinking, comment on checked-in beers, and ask the app to suggest similar beverages. In 2016, an updated version of the application allowed users to find a beer by scanning its barcode

Untappd uses Foursquare for its location services.
Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth waters)
Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth waters) is a former marine protected area managed by the Commonwealth Department of the Environment, protecting the waters surrounding Lord Howe Island. It was adjacent to the 465.45 km2 Lord Howe Island Marine Park managed by the Marine Parks Authority New South Wales.  On 8 November 2012, it was replaced by a new protected area known as the Lord Howe Commonwealth Marine Reserve.

Lord Howe Marine Park
The Lord Howe Marine Park (formerly known as the Lord Howe Commonwealth Marine Reserve) is an Australian marine park located about 550 km (340 mi) offshore of New South Wales, near Lord Howe Island. The marine park covers an area of 110,126 km2 (42,520 sq mi), encompassing the smaller Lord Howe Island Marine Park, and is assigned IUCN category IV. It is one of 8 parks managed under the Temperate East Marine Parks Network.
Hylarana tytleri
Hylarana tytleri is a frog species in the family Ranidae. It is found in eastern and northeastern India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and southern Nepal, and possibly at lower elevations in Bhutan. It was formerly placed in Rana, and included in the common green frog (H. erythraea). It is probably a close relative of that species nonetheless, and thus placed in the revalidated genus Hylarana, of which H. erythraea is the type species. Common name Theobald's ranid frog has been coined for it, although common names for Indian frogs previously identified as Rana erythraea include yellow-striped frog, leaf  frog, and leaping frog.

Hylarana
Hylarana, commonly known as golden-backed frogs, is a genus of true frogs found in tropical Asia. It was formerly considered highly diverse, containing around 84 to 96 valid species, but taxonomic revision resulted in a major change in the contents of the genus, recognizing just four species.
Frenesy (physics)
In statistical physics, frenesy is a measure of the dynamical activity of a system's microscopic trajectories under non-equilibrium conditions. Frenesy complements the notion of entropy production (which measures time-antisymmetric aspects associated with irreversibility), and represents how frequently states are visited or how many transitions occur over time, as well as how busy the system's trajectories are. It relates to reactivities, escape rates, and residence times of a physical state, as it quantifies the rate of microscopic configuration changes that accompany entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states.

Linear response function
A linear response function describes the input-output relationship of a signal transducer, such as a radio turning electromagnetic waves into music or a neuron turning synaptic input into a response. Because of its many applications in information theory, physics and engineering there exist alternative names for specific linear response functions such as susceptibility, impulse response or impedance; see also transfer function. The concept of a Green's function or fundamental solution of an ordinary differential equation is closely related.
Boda boda
Boda bodas are bicycles and motorcycle taxis commonly found in East Africa. While motorcycle taxis like boda bodas are present throughout Africa and beyond, the term boda boda is specific to East Africa. In Kenya, they are more frequently called piki pikis or Boda. Their ubiquitous presence in East African cities is the result of a number of factors including an increasing demand for public transit, the ability to purchase motorcycles on credit, and an influx of cheap imports from Indian manufacturers like Bajaj and high level of unemployment among the youth. In the countries where they are present, boda bodas can provide transportation options to riders and job opportunities to drivers while at the same time resulting in an increase in road hazards and collisions and unnecessary injuries and deaths.

Motorcycle taxi
A motorcycle taxi, or cart bike or bike taxi, is a licensed form of transport in some countries. The taxi typically carries one passenger, who "rides pillion" behind the motorcycle operator. Multiple passengers are common in some countries.
Mana, New Zealand
Mana is a locality of Porirua City in New Zealand, part of the suburb of Paremata. It is a narrow isthmus bounded to the west by the entrance to Porirua Harbour, and to the east by the Pauatahanui inlet of the Porirua Harbour. Mana Island lies about three kilometres west of the isthmus.

State Highway 59 and the North Island Main Trunk railway both pass through the centre of Mana; the state highway route was previously part of State Highway 1 until  SH 1 was shifted to the Transmission Gully Motorway on 7 December 2021. A significant increase in the traffic capacity through Mana occurred in 2005-2006 when a second bridge on the state highway route was added at the southern end, transit lanes were introduced and several sets of traffic lights were added as part of the Plimmerton to Paremata upgrade.

Porirua Harbour
Te Awarua-o-Porirua Harbour, commonly known as Porirua Harbour, is a natural inlet in the south-western coast of the North Island of New Zealand.

The harbour is within the main urban area of the Wellington Region, and is surrounded by the city of Porirua, with the city centre to the south of the harbour.
Parks and recreation in Centralia, Washington
Parks and recreation in Centralia, Washington, United States, is administered by the Centralia Parks and Recreation Department (CPRD). The agency oversees a variety of sites, including natural areas, community recreation facilities, and city parks, classified as either neighborhood or community. The department also oversees several single-purpose sites in the city and partners with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) on maintenance and improvements to several areas, including Hayes and Plummer lakes. Centralia hosts privately owned parks and there are some trails under volunteer oversight.

Centralia, Washington
Centralia (/sɛnˈtreɪliə/) is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Chehalis, located to the south near the confluence of the Chehalis and Newaukum rivers.
Avani Riverside Mall
Avani Riverside Mall is a shopping mall in Howrah, West Bengal. Developed by Avani Group, it is the first mall in Howrah district as well as the first eco-green environment friendly mall in India. As of 2022, the mall is the largest mall of Howrah district. It is the only “Green Mall” in Eastern India, certified by Indian Green Building Council (as of 2020) with having "Platinum rating" for energy conservation (awarded in 2014). Multiplex chain operator PVR launched its first multiplex in East India at Avani Riverside Mall.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Faithful (book)
Faithful is a 2004 book co-written by Stephen King and Stewart O'Nan. It chronicles exchanges between King and O'Nan about the 2004 Boston Red Sox season, beginning with an e-mail in the summer of 2003, and throughout the 2004 season, from spring training to the World Series.

The book was dedicated to Victoria Snelgrove, an Emerson College student who was struck in the eye by the Boston Police Department with a projectile and killed during crowd-control actions near Fenway Park following Game 7 of the American League Championship Series.

On May 4, 2007, The Boston Globe reported that HBO would be adapting the book into a six-part miniseries for 2008. In September 2008, King wrote, "The script is just goddamn hilarious." There is, however, no indication that such a miniseries was actually made.

Killing of Victoria Snelgrove
Victoria E. Snelgrove (October 29, 1982 – October 21, 2004) was an American journalism student at Emerson College in Boston, who died after being shot by officer Rochefort Milien of the Boston Police Department using a less-lethal weapon. The shooting took place following the victory of the Boston Red Sox over the New York Yankees in the 2004 American League Championship Series. In 2005, the city of Boston reached a $5.1 million wrongful death settlement with Snelgrove's family. After filing a wrongful death suit for $10 million against FN Herstal (the manufacturer of the weapon), the family agreed to an out-of-court settlement in June 2006; the final amount of the settlement was not disclosed.