hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Texas's 31st congressional district
Texas's 31st congressional district of the United States House of Representatives covers a strip of Central Texas from the northern Austin suburbs up to Temple and Gatesville.

The district is centered around Bell and Williamson counties, two fast-growing suburban counties north of Austin; it includes the Williamson County portion of Austin itself. It also includes much of the area surrounding Fort Hood, giving the district a strong military presence, as well as four rural counties to the north and west of the district.

John Carter has served as the representative from this district since its creation. The 31st district is one of only two districts in Texas (the other being the 36th district) that has never been represented by a member of the Democratic Party.

Texas's 36th congressional district
Texas's 36th congressional district is a district that was created as a result of the 2010 census. The first candidates ran in the 2012 House elections for a seat in the 113th United States Congress. Steve Stockman won the general election, and represented the new district.  On December 9, 2013, Stockman announced that he would not seek reelection in 2014, and would instead challenge incumbent John Cornyn in the Republican senatorial primary, and was succeeded in the U.S. House by Brian Babin.

Texas's 36th congressional district is located in southeast Texas and includes all of Chambers, Hardin, Jasper, Liberty, Newton, and Tyler counties, plus portions of southeastern Harris County and northwestern Jefferson County. The Johnson Space Center is within the district. Having only recently been established, the 36th district is one of only two districts in Texas (the other being the 31st district) that has never been represented by a member of the Democratic Party.
Josean Querejeta
José Antonio Querejeta Altuna (born 19 March 1957), known as Josean Querejeta, is a retired basketball player of Saski Baskonia, Real Madrid, Joventut Badalona and CAI Zaragoza, and the current president of Vitoria-Gasteiz-based Saski Baskonia since 1988, following the conversion of the club into a S.A.D.

From 2013 his Avtibask S.L. group also held a controlling stake in the city's football club Deportivo Alavés.

In October 2025, he was fined after he went outside the referee's locker room to confront them during halftime of the game against Panathinaikos B.C. and he was fined for committing acts representing a lack of respect against the officiating crew.

Deportivo Alavés
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D. (Spanish pronunciation: [depoɾˈtiβo alaˈβes]; Sporting Alavés), usually known as Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, the club competes in La Liga, the top tier of Spanish football.

It is recognized as the third-most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it reached the 2001 UEFA Cup Final, where it played against Liverpool. It was defeated 5–4 on a golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing 3–1 to Barcelona.

The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,840-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training.
Rank of an abelian group
In mathematics, the rank, Prüfer rank, or torsion-free rank of an abelian group A is the cardinality of a maximal linearly independent subset. The rank of A determines the size of the largest free abelian group contained in A. If A is torsion-free then it embeds into a vector space over the rational numbers of dimension rank A. For finitely generated abelian groups, rank is a strong invariant and every such group is determined up to isomorphism by its rank and torsion subgroup. Torsion-free abelian groups of rank 1 have been completely classified. However, the theory of abelian groups of higher rank is more involved.

The term rank has a different meaning in the context of elementary abelian groups.

Abelian group
In mathematics, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written. That is, the group operation is commutative. With addition as an operation, the integers and the real numbers form abelian groups, and the concept of an abelian group may be viewed as a generalization of these examples. Abelian groups are named after the Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.

The concept of an abelian group underlies many fundamental algebraic structures, such as fields, rings, vector spaces, and algebras. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-abelian counterparts, and finite abelian groups are very well understood and fully classified.
Wind gradient
In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient
or wind velocity gradient,
or alternatively shear wind,
is the vertical component of the spatial gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level. In metric units, it is often measured in units of speed (meters per second) divided by units of height (kilometers), resulting in m/s/km, which reduces to a multiple of the standard unit of shear rate, inverse seconds (s−1).

Spatial gradient
A spatial gradient is a gradient whose components are spatial derivatives, i.e., rate of change of a given scalar physical quantity with respect to the position coordinates in physical space. 
Homogeneous regions have spatial gradient vector norm equal to zero.
When evaluated over vertical position (altitude or depth), it is called vertical derivative or  vertical gradient; the remainder is called horizontal gradient component, the vector projection of the full gradient onto the horizontal plane.

Examples:

Biology

Concentration gradient, the ratio of solute concentration between two adjoining regions

Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions

Fluid dynamics and earth science

Density gradient

Pressure gradient

Temperature gradient
Geothermal gradient
Sound speed gradient

Wind gradient

Lapse rate
The Wingate School (Mexico)
The Wingate School (TWS) is a British international private school in the Mexico City metropolitan area opened in August 2016 serving ages three through 18.

The first campus to open will be the Virreyes campus, in Lomas de Chapultepec, Miguel Hidalgo, while the Huixquilucan campus, serving the Interlomas area, will open in 2017. The Interlomas campus will serve early years through secondary school while the Virreyes campus will only serve primary school.

Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City
Miguel Hidalgo is a borough (alcaldía) in western Mexico City, it encompasses the historic areas of Tacuba, Chapultepec and Tacubaya along with a number of notable neighborhoods such as Polanco and Lomas de Chapultepec. With landmarks such as Chapultepec Park and the Museo Nacional de Antropología, it is the second most visited borough in Mexico City after Cuauhtémoc where the historic center of Mexico City is located. Tacubaya and Tacuba both have long histories as independent settlements and were designated as "Barrios Mágicos" by the city for tourism purposes.
Palos Verdes Peninsula
The Palos Verdes Peninsula (Palos Verdes (Spanish for 'Green Sticks')) is a peninsular subregion of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, located within southwestern Los Angeles County, California. It is often called simply "Palos Verdes", and is made up of a group of cities in the Palos Verdes Hills, including Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, Rolling Hills Estates, and the unincorporated community of Westfield/Academy Hill, as well as the Los Angeles City neighborhood of San Pedro.

The peninsula is located in the South Bay region. It borders the city of Torrance to its north, the Pacific Ocean is on the west and south, and the Port of Los Angeles is to the east. As of the 2010 census, the population of the Palos Verdes Peninsula is 65,008. The hill cities on the peninsula are known for scenic views of the Pacific Ocean and cityscapes, distinguished schools, extensive horse trails, and high-value homes.

Palos Verdes blue
The Palos Verdes blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis) is a small endangered butterfly native to the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southwest Los Angeles County, California, United States. As its distribution has been proven to be limited to one single site, it has one of the best claims to being the world's rarest butterfly.
Cartman's Incredible Gift
"Cartman's Incredible Gift" is the thirteenth episode in the eighth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 124th episode overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on December 8, 2004. In the episode, local police become convinced that Eric Cartman has psychic abilities, which Cartman exploits for personal gain, much to the ire of Kyle Broflovski, other psychic detectives, and the true serial killer behind a series of murders that Cartman falsely attributes to others.

The episode's story continues South Park's critical view of psychics, previously seen in the episode "The Biggest Douche in the Universe", while also acting as a parody of several films, including Red Dragon, The Gift, and The Dead Zone.

Though a minor part of the episode, it marks the last appearance of the rarely-seen South Park Elementary school bus driver Mrs. Veronica Crabtree.

South Park season 8
The eighth season of South Park, an American animated television series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, began airing on March 17, 2004. The eighth season concluded after 14 episodes on December 15, 2004, and was written and directed by Trey Parker. The season deals with various topics that were relevant at the time of release. The episodes portray a spectrum of topics, from the effect of large scale retail corporations to illegal immigration.
Reckange
Reckange (Luxembourgish: Recken, German: Reckingen) is a small town in the commune of Mersch, in central Luxembourg.  As of 2025, the town has a population of 1,077.

The nearby Menhir of Beisenerbierg is a Neolithic age standing-stone.

Menhir of Beisenerbierg
The Menhir of Beisenerbierg is a three-metre-tall standing stone which stands on a hilltop at Reckange (Luxembourgish: Recken; German: Reckingen) in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. An excavation in 2001 revealed its age to be Neolithic.
Rockford Township, Illinois
Rockford Township is located in Winnebago County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 178,527 and it contained 78,714 housing units.  It is the largest township, in terms of area, in Illinois. The city of Rockford, along with the villages of Cherry Valley and New Milford are all located in Rockford Township.

Winnebago County, Illinois
Winnebago County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 285,350 making it the seventh most populous county in Illinois behind Cook County and its five surrounding collar counties. Its county seat is Rockford. Winnebago County is the central county of the Rockford metropolitan area.
Abanga River
The Abanga River is a river of Gabon.  It is one of the right tributaries of the Ogooué. It rises in the Cristal Mountains, near Medouneu. It is about 160 km long. It joins the Ogooué river near the town of Bifoun.

Ogooué River
The Ogooué (or Ogowe), also known as the Nazareth River, some 1,200 km (750 mi) long, is the principal river of Gabon in west-central Africa and the fourth largest river in Africa by volume of discharge, trailing only the Congo, Kasai and Niger. Its watershed drains nearly the entire country of Gabon, with some tributaries reaching into the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea.
Pinhook Corners, Oklahoma
Pinhook Corners is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, United States. It is part of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 161 at the 2000 census.

Fort Smith metropolitan area
The Fort Smith Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a three-county area including two Arkansas counties and one Oklahoma county, and anchored by the city of Fort Smith, Arkansas. The total MSA population in 2000 was 273,170 people, estimated by the Bureau to have grown to 289,693 people by 2007.

Other major cities located within the area include Van Buren, Arkansas and Sallisaw, Oklahoma.
Finn Valley Post
The Finn Valley Post was a free local newspaper in County Donegal, Ireland, based in the town of Ballybofey. The paper was first published on 18 July 2007 by the River Media group, which produced other local titles such as the Donegal Post and Letterkenny Post. The newspaper, which covers much of east and central County Donegal, derives its name from the River Finn which flows through the area. In November 2018, River Media sold the newspaper (along with six other regional titles) to Iconic Newspapers.

Iconic Newspapers
Iconic Newspapers is a British-owned newspaper company that publishes over 20 regional newspapers in Ireland. Iconic Newspapers are owned by Mediaforce who are majority owned by British businessman Malcolm Denmark. Iconic Newspapers hold their newspaper assets in a subsidiary called Formpress Publishing.

Mediaforce acts as an intermediary for the vast majority of Irish newspapers and advertising agencies. If agencies want to place ads for their national clients in newspapers, they mostly go through Mediaforce.

In 2014, Iconic Newspapers acquired Johnston Press Ireland. Johnston Press Ireland was formed in 2005 following the purchase of Scottish Radio Holdings's newspapers known as Score Press by Johnston Press in 2005 for £155 million. In the same year, Johnston Press Ireland also purchased the Leinster Leader Group (just after Leinster Leader Group had purchased Tallaght Publishing Ltd), who published six titles, for €138.6 million.

The company is based in Naas, County Kildare.
Sweet and Low (poem)
"Sweet and Low" is a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Written in 1849, Tennyson sent two versions of the poem to Emily Sellwood in November, asking her to select which one to include in the revised 1850 edition of The Princess, where it intercalates canto II and III.

Charles Kingsley in a review in Fraser's Magazine (September 1850) found the poem so exquisite that he quoted it in full, and it became, as did the other five "songs" inserted in 1850 edition of The Princess, a poem widely translated in Europe.

The Princess (Tennyson poem)
The Princess is a serio-comic blank verse narrative poem, written by Alfred Tennyson, published in 1847. Tennyson was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1850 to 1892 and remains one of the most popular English poets.

The poem tells the story of a heroic princess who forswears the world of men and founds a women's university where men are forbidden to enter. The prince to whom she was betrothed in infancy enters the university with two friends, disguised as women students. They are discovered and flee, but eventually they fight a battle for the princess's hand. They lose and are wounded, but the women nurse the men back to health. Eventually the princess returns the prince's love.

Several later works have been based upon the poem, including Gilbert and Sullivan's 1884 comic opera Princess Ida.
Charles H. Best Middle School
Charles H. Best Middle School is a middle school in North York, Ontario, for Grade 4 to 8 students. It is located near Dufferin Street and Finch Avenue, in the Bathurst Manor residential area. The school was named Dufferin Heights Junior High until 1978, when it was renamed in honour of Charles Best, one of the co-discoverers of insulin.

Bathurst Manor
Bathurst Manor is a neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in northern Toronto in the former suburb of North York. It sits on a plateau bounded on the north by Finch Avenue West, on the west by Dufferin Street, on the east by the Don River (west branch), and on the south by Sheppard Avenue West.  The area is also regarded as part of the Downsview postal area as designated by Canada Post.  It is part of the former city of North York, which merged with five other municipalities and a regional government to form the new "City of Toronto" in 1998.  It is part of the federal and provincial electoral district York Centre, and Toronto electoral ward 10: York Centre (East).  In 2006, it had a population of 14,615.
MD5
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321.

MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as a cryptographic hash function; however it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database, and may be preferred due to lower computational requirements than more recent Secure Hash Algorithms.

Collision attack
In cryptography, a collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two inputs producing the same hash value, i.e. a hash collision. This is in contrast to a preimage attack where a specific target hash value is specified.

There are roughly two types of collision attacks:

Classical collision attack

Find two different messages m1 and m2 such that hash(m1) = hash(m2).

More generally:

Chosen-prefix collision attack

Given two different prefixes p1 and p2, find two suffixes s1 and s2 such that hash(p1 ∥ s1) = hash(p2 ∥ s2), where ∥ denotes the concatenation operation.
Steve Armstrong
Steven James (born March 16, 1965), better known by his ring name Steve Armstrong, is an American professional wrestler. He is the son of fellow wrestler "Bullet" Bob Armstrong, and has three brothers who also wrestled: Scott, Brad, and Brian.

Stud Stable
The Stud Stable was a professional wrestling heel stable in  Southeast Championship Wrestling, the Continental Wrestling Association, Smoky Mountain Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling, and Major League Wrestling.
Shorncliffe Lodge
Shorncliffe Lodge in Sandgate, Kent, was a well appointed weekend house that belonged to Edward Albert Sassoon and Aline Caroline de Rothschild. It was sold in 1912 by Philip Sassoon to fund the purchase of land on which he built Port Lympne Mansion.

Port Lympne Mansion
Port Lympne, at Lympne, Kent is an early 20th-century country house built for Sir Philip Sassoon, 3rd Baronet by Herbert Baker and Philip Tilden. Completed after the First World War. Following Sassoon's death in 1939 it was bequeathed with its contents, including cars and planes, to Hannah Gubbay, his cousin. It was abandoned after the Second World War. In 1973, it was purchased by John Aspinall as part of an expansion of his Port Lympne Zoo. The house is a Grade II* listed building as of 29 December 1966.
Plainchin dreamarm
The plainchin dreamarm (Leptacanthichthys gracilispinis) is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Leptacanthichthys. This species occurs in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans at depths down to 2,000 m (6,600 ft).

Oneirodidae
Oneirodidae, the dreamers are a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These fishes are deepwater fishes found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, and it is the most diverse family of fishes in the bathypelagic zone.
Bauernfeind prism
A Bauernfeind prism is a type of reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by 45° to 60°, depending on its construction, while neither flipping nor rotating the image. It is named for its inventor, the German expert of geodesy Karl Maximilian von Bauernfeind.

The beam is reflected twice in the prism, with one reflection happening at less than the critical angle.  Therefore, the prism requires a reflective coating for this surface to be usable in practice.

A Bauernfeind prism with 45° beam deviation is also known as a half-penta prism or semipentaprism. A Bauernfeind prism is used together with a Schmidt roof prism to form a Schmidt–Pechan prism.

Schmidt–Pechan prism
A Schmidt–Pechan prism is a type of optical prism used to rotate an image by 180°. These prisms are commonly used in binoculars as an image erecting system. The Schmidt–Pechan prism makes use of a roof prism section (from the German: Dachkante, lit. 'roof edge'). Binoculars designs using Schmidt–Pechan prisms can be constructed more compactly than ones using Porro or Uppendahl roof and Abbe–Koenig roof prisms.

A Schmidt–Pechan prism is sometimes called a Pechan prism pair.
GeForce 256
The GeForce 256 is the original release in Nvidia's "GeForce" product line. Announced on August 31, 1999 and released on October 11, 1999, the GeForce 256 improves on its predecessor (RIVA TNT2) by increasing the number of fixed pixel pipelines, offloading host geometry calculations to a hardware transform and lighting (T&L) engine, and adding hardware motion compensation for MPEG-2 video. It offered a notable leap in 3D PC gaming performance and was the first fully Direct3D 7-compliant 3D accelerator.

ATI Rage
The ATI Rage (stylized as RAGE or rage) is a series of graphics chipsets developed by ATI Technologies offering graphical user interface (GUI) 2D acceleration, video acceleration, and 3D acceleration. It is the successor to the ATI Mach series of 2D accelerators.
Marudu Bay
Marudu Bay (Malay: Teluk Marudu) is a large bay on the north coast of the island of Borneo. It is located in the state of Sabah, Malaysia and opens to the Sulu Sea. Administratively, it is a part of Kudat Division. Kota Marudu District is on the south side of the bay, Kudat District on the west and Pitas District on the east side.

Kota Marudu District
The Kota Marudu District (Malay: Daerah Kota Marudu) is an administrative district in the Malaysian state of Sabah, part of the Kudat Division which includes the districts of Kota Marudu, Kudat and Pitas. The capital of the district is in Kota Marudu Town.
Tom Lloyd (bushranger)
Tom Lloyd was first cousin to Ned and Dan Kelly, the so-called fifth member of the Kelly Gang.

J.J. Kenneally interviewed him for his 1929 book, The Inner History of the Kelly Gang, the first sympathetic account of the gang and the first to incorporate information from him.

J. J. Kenneally
J. J. Kenneally (born James Jerome Kenneally; 1870 –  20 February 1949) was an Australian journalist and trade unionist. An early populariser of Australian bushranger Ned Kelly and his gang via his book The Inner History of the Kelly Gang and Their Pursuers (1929), he was also one of the original members of the country's Labor Party and later formed his own party.

Raised in the northeastern part of Australia's Victoria known as "Kelly country", he taught school, started Tasmania's Timber Worker's Union and was active in the union movement. He ran for the House of Representatives seat for Mernda, Victoria in the 1906 and 1910 elections.

He self-published Inner History in 1929, and the work was plagiarised by the press of the day. Twenty years later, it inspired Sidney Nolan's important Ned Kelly series of paintings and, by 1980, over 30 years after Kenneally's death, it had gone through nine editions. The book continues to be referenced as a significant work into the 21st century.