hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Castle of Venus
Castle of Venus (Italian: Castello di Venere) is a medieval fortress in Erice, built around the site of an ancient sanctuary of Venus Erycina at the summit of Monte Erice in western Sicily.

It stands on an isolated rocky outcrop at the south-eastern edge of the summit plateau of the mountain, separated from the town by a rock-cut ditch and overlooking the surrounding countryside and the Tyrrhenian coastline.

Monte Erice
Monte Erice (ancient Greek: Mount Eryx) is an isolated mountain on the western coast of Sicily, overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea. It rises to 751 m (2,461 ft), with the historic centre of Erice at its summit and the lower slopes occupied by its modern and rural settlements, as well as by parts of Trapani and Valderice.
Mansfield College, Oxford
Mansfield College, Oxford is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. The college was founded in Birmingham in 1838 as a college for Nonconformist students. It moved to Oxford in 1886 and was renamed Mansfield College after George Mansfield and his sister Elizabeth. In 1995 a royal charter was awarded giving the institution full college status. The college grounds are located on Mansfield Road, near the centre of Oxford.

As of December 2023, the college comprises approximately 245 undergraduates, 145 graduates and 40 visiting students. There are around 40 fellows.

Helen Mountfield, a barrister and legal scholar, has been the principal of the college since 2018.

G. B. Caird
George Bradford Caird FBA (17 July 1917 – 21 April 1984), known as G. B. Caird, was a British theologian, biblical scholar and Congregational minister. At the time of his death he was Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford.
John Holmes (actor)
John Curtis Holmes (né Estes; August 8, 1944 – March 13, 1988), better known as John C. Holmes or Johnny Wadd (after the lead character he portrayed in a series of related films), was an American pornographic film actor. Holmes ranks among the most famous and prolific adult film performers, with documented credits for at least 573 films. Holmes was known for the exceptional size of his penis, which featured heavily in his marketing.

Near the end of his life, Holmes had been charged for his reputed involvement in the Wonderland murders of July 1981. He died from complications caused by AIDS in March 1988. Holmes was the subject of several books, a lengthy essay in Rolling Stone, two feature-length documentaries and was the inspiration for two Hollywood movies: Boogie Nights (1997) and Wonderland (2003).

Wonderland Gang
The Wonderland Gang was a group of drug dealers involved in the Los Angeles cocaine trade during the late 1970s and early 1980s; their home base was located on Wonderland Avenue in the Laurel Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. On July 1, 1981, three members and one associate of the gang died in the Wonderland murders (also known as the "Four on the Floor murders" or the "Laurel Canyon murders").
Manipur State Constitution Act 1947
Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 is an act which enabled the princely state of Manipur to have a de jure written constitution enacted by the last Maharajah of Manipur, Bodhchandra Singh. Under the constitution, a Legislative Assembly was elected in mid-1948 and a ministry was formed, which was responsible to the Maharaja. The constitution is deemed to have lapsed on 15 October 1949, when the Maharaja signed a merger agreement with the Indian Union. The validity of the act in present time is debated.

Manipur (princely state)
The Manipur Kingdom, also known as Meckley,
was an ancient kingdom at the India–Burma frontier. Historically, Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by a Meitei dynasty. But it was also invaded and ruled over by Burmese kingdom at various point of time. It became a protectorate of the British East India Company from 1824, and a princely state of the British Raj in 1891. The princely state bordered the Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi) and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
Tyzen Hsiao
Tyzen Hsiao (Chinese: 蕭泰然; pinyin: Xiāo Tàirán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Siau Thài-jiân; 1 January 1938 – 24 February 2015) was a Taiwanese composer of the neo-Romantic school. Many of his vocal works set poems written in Taiwanese Hokkien, the mother tongue of the majority of the island's residents at the time. His compositions stand as a musical manifestation of the Taiwanese literature movement that revitalized the island's literary and performing arts in the 1970s and 1980s. Hsiao's career in music included additional success as a pianist and conductor.

Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs
Ilha Formosa: Requiem for Formosa's Martyrs (also Ilha Formosa Requiem or Formosa Requiem) (2001) is a composition by Taiwanese composer Tyzen Hsiao for solo soprano, solo baritone, chorus and orchestra. The composition is based on a 1994 poem in Taiwanese Hokkien by Lee Min-yung.
VSHORAD (India)
The Very Short Range Air Defence System, or VSHORADS, is a fourth-generation man-portable air-defense system (MANPAD) developed by Research Centre Imarat, located in Hyderabad. Multiple DRDO laboratories along with Indian industry partners are participating in the project. It is designed for anti-aircraft warfare and neutralising low altitude aerial threats at short ranges. The system also forms a part of the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS).

Research Centre Imarat
Research Centre Imarat (RCI) is a Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratory located in Hyderabad, Telangana. The lab is responsible for research and development of missile systems, guided weapons and advanced avionics for the Indian Armed Forces. It was established by APJ Abdul Kalam in 1988. It is currently headed by Anindya Biswas, who was appointed as the Director of RCI with effect from July 1, 2023.
Termitopaediini
Termitopaediini is a tribe in the rove beetle subfamily Aleocharinae. Much of it was classified and documented by Kistner in 1977.

Below are a list of some of the genera this tribe contains:

Coatonipulex Kistner, 1977

Dioxeuta

Macrotermophila

Macrotoxenus

Paratermitopulex Kistner, 1977

Physomilitaris Kistner, 1977

Polyteinia

Protermitobia

Termitobia

Termitolinus

Termitonda

Termitopaedia

Termitopulex

Termitotecna

Termitotropha

Termozyras

Aleocharinae
The Aleocharinae are one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles, containing over 12,000 species. Previously subject to large-scale debate whether the subfamily deserved the familial status, it is now considered one of the largest subfamilies of rove beetles.
Myjava Hills
The Myjava Hills (Slovak: Myjavská pahorkatina) is an area of hills in western Slovakia, rugged highlands along the Myjava River composed of Carpathian flysch. Geologically it is one range of the Slovak-Moravian Carpathians of the Outer Western Carpathians.

The highest peak is Bradlo (543 meters above sea level), site of a monument to General Milan Rastislav Štefánik designed by Slovak architect Dušan Jurkovič. Three towns stand within the borders of the Myjava Hills:  Myjava, Stará Turá, and Brezová pod Bradlom.

48°42′44″N 17°32′03″E﻿ / ﻿48.7122°N 17.5342°E﻿ / 48.7122; 17.5342

Divisions of the Carpathians
Divisions of the Carpathians are a categorization of the Carpathian Mountains system.

Below is a detailed overview of the major subdivisions and ranges of the Carpathian Mountains. The Carpathians are a "subsystem" of a bigger Alps-Himalaya System that stretches from western Europe all the way to southern Asia, and are further divided into "provinces" and "subprovinces". The last level of the division, i.e. the actual mountain ranges and basins, is usually classified as "units". The main divisions are shown in the map on the right.

To generalize, there are three major provinces (regions): Western Carpathians, Eastern Carpathians, and the Southern Carpathians.
Midvale Fort Union station
Midvale Fort Union station is a light rail station in Midvale, Utah, United States, served by the Blue Line of Utah Transit Authority's TRAX light rail system. The Blue Line provides service from Downtown Salt Lake City to Draper.

Blue Line (TRAX)
The Blue Line is a light rail line on the TRAX system in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah, in the United States, operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA). It is the first line of the TRAX system completed. The line opened on December 4, 1999, one year ahead of schedule after two years of construction. In addition to Salt Lake City, it also serves the communities of South Salt Lake, Murray, Midvale, Sandy and Draper. The line was known as the North/South Line or the Sandy/Salt Lake Line until color names were adopted for each TRAX line in August 2011. An extension of the line to Draper began service on August 18, 2013.

As of 2019, The Utah Transport Authority has begun restoring the Siemens SD 100 and 160s that run on the line, the first restored unit placed into service on April 8, 2019.
SES-5
SES-5 (also known as Astra 4B and Sirius 5) is a commercial geostationary communication satellite operated by SES It was launched on 9 July 2012. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS).

Sirius (satellite)
Sirius was a constellation of communications satellites operated at 5.0° East in geostationary orbit (GEO) by NSAB (later SES Sirius, and now a non-autonomous part of SES, owner and operator of the Astra satellites). They carried digital satellite television to the countries of Scandinavia, Baltic states, Eastern Europe and Africa, including the Viasat pay TV system, along with several pay TV packages for Eastern Europe, the TopTV package for Africa, a number of Ukrainian channels and the national Latvian and Lithuanian channel service free-to-air.
Washington Wolfpack
The Washington Wolfpack are a professional indoor football team based in Everett in the U.S. state of Washington. They were announced as one of the inaugural teams for the revived Arena Football League (AFL), beginning play in 2024.  They are now members of Arena Football One.

Oregon Lightning
The Oregon Lightning are a professional indoor football team based in Redmond, Oregon.  They were founded in 2020 and began playing football as members of the American West Football Conference in 2021, known then as the Oregon High Desert Storm.  It is the first team to play in Central Oregon.  They are owned by Chuck Jones, former head coach of the Arena Football League's Oregon Blackbears, along with Sara Gumm and Jay Jenkins.  They play their home games at the First Interstate Bank Center at the Deschutes County Fairgrounds in Redmond and are now members of Arena Football One.
Vicaria
Vicaria (Italian: residence of the Viceroy), often known as Il Vasto, is one of the 30 quartieri of Naples, southern Italy, lying immediately to the east of the historical city centre (Centro storico).

It borders the districts of Poggioreale, Zona Industriale and San Lorenzo, which together with Vicaria make up the 4th municipality of the city. It also borders the district of San Carlo all'Arena, in the 3rd municipality.

Vicaria comprises a relatively small area, 0.72 km2. It had a population in 2009 of 16,369 inhabitants.

It takes its name from the eastern section of the Via dei Tribunali (the "street of the courthouses"), in the neighbourhood of San Lorenzo, once known as the "Via della Vicaria", since the Vicaria (the still-prominent Palazzo Ricca at the east end of the street) housed the main tribunal under the Spanish viceroys.

Poggioreale (Naples)
Poggioreale (Neapolitan: Puceriale) is a neighbourhood of Naples, southern Italy. It is at the extreme east end of the downtown Naples and includes the central train station, Centro Direzionale (Civic Center), Poggioreale prison, and the industrial area to the east.
Frederick Coombs
Frederick Coombs (sometimes Willie Coombs  and also known as George Washington II) was an eccentric who lived in San Francisco in the 19th century and believed himself to be George Washington. For a time he was as popular a figure as Joshua A. Norton, the "Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico", and his deeds were reported in the local newspapers. He left the city after a feud with Norton, who he thought was jealous of his "reputation with the fairer sex" and moved to New York City.

Bummer and Lazarus
Bummer and Lazarus were two stray dogs that roamed the streets of San Francisco, California, in the early 1860s. Recognized for their unique bond and their prodigious rat-killing ability, they became a fixture of city newspapers, were exempted from local ordinances, and immortalized in cartoons.
Robert Vinçotte
Robert Vinçotte (Borgerhout, 1844-Schaerbeek, 1904) was a Belgian engineer who laid the basis for industrial workplace safety in his native country. He was involved in the founding of the two companies that would dominate the Belgian inspection and certification market during the twentieth century. He was also the brother of Thomas Vinçotte, a famous Belgian sculptor.

Vinçotte
Vinçotte is a Belgian accredited inspection and certification organisation, that controlled 75% of the Belgian safety, reliability market in 2004. This holding is the result of a merger between two similar non-profit inspection associations : AIB and Association Vinçotte. In May 2022, Vinçotte was acquired by Kiwa, a Dutch company active in the same industry.
Bridgend railway station
Bridgend railway station (Welsh: Gorsaf Pen-y-bont) is a main line station serving the town of Bridgend, south Wales. It is located approximately halfway between Cardiff Central and Swansea stations, at the point where the Maesteg Line diverges from the South Wales Main Line; it is also the western terminus of the Vale of Glamorgan Line from Cardiff. It is 190 miles 45 chains (306.7 km) measured from the zero point at London Paddington, via Stroud.

It is the fifth-busiest station in Wales, after Cardiff Central, Newport, Swansea and Cardiff Queen Street.

Bridgend
Bridgend (English:  /brɪˈdʒɛnd/; Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr or just Pen-y-bont, meaning "the end of the bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough of Wales, 20 miles (32 km) west of Cardiff and 20 miles (32 km) east of Swansea.  The town is named after the medieval bridge over the River Ogmore. The River Ewenny also flows through the town. The population was 49,597 in 2021. Bridgend is within the Cardiff Capital Region which in 2019 had a population of approximately 1.54 million.

Historically a part of Glamorgan, Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s – the 2001 census recorded a population of 39,429 for the town.
Bruce Link
Bruce George Link (born September 3, 1949) is an American epidemiologist and sociologist who is a Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Public Policy at the University of California, Riverside. He is also a professor emeritus of Epidemiology and Sociomedical Sciences in the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, a research scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, and the current president of the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science (IAPHS). Bruce Link is probably best known for developing fundamental cause theory of social inequalities in health together with Jo Phelan.

Jo Phelan
Jo Carol Phelan is a Special Research Scientist in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences and co-director of the Center for the Study of Social Inequalities and Health at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. She is known for working with Bruce Link to develop the theory of fundamental causes of social inequalities in health. She was a Russell Sage Foundation Visiting Scholar from 2012 to 2013. She also received a Health Policy Investigator Award from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in 1996, and the 1999 book Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health, which she co-edited, received the prize for best publication from the American Sociological Association's Section of the Sociology of Mental Health.
John Duncan (diplomat)
John Stewart Duncan OBE (born 17 April 1958) is a British diplomat. He was Ambassador for Multilateral Arms Control and Disarmament and UK Permanent Representative to the Conference on Disarmament, Geneva, 2006–11. In June 2013, he was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of the British government, to represent the Queen as Governor of the British Virgin Islands, and to act as the de facto head of state in the Territory. Duncan arrived at the Islands on 14 August 2014 and was sworn in the following day and his term would last until 8 August 2017 when he was succeeded by Robert A. Mathavious.

Governor of the Virgin Islands
The governor of the Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the British Virgin Islands. The governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The role of the governor is to act as the de facto head of state, and is responsible for appointing the premier and the executive council.

The current governor is Daniel Pruce.

The governor has a viceregal flag, the Union Flag defaced with the territory's coat of arms. The official residence of the governor is Government House located in Road Town, Tortola.
Istana Bukit Serene
Istana Bukit Serene is the royal palace and official residence of the Sultan of Johor, located in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The palace faces the Straits of Johor and has a bird's eye view of Singapore, a former possession of the sultanate.

Ibrahim of Johor
Ibrahim Al-Masyhur ibni Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah (Jawi: سلطان سر إبراهيم المشهور ابن المرحوم سلطان أبو بكر الخليل إبراهيم شاه; 17 September 1873 – 8 May 1959) was a Malaysian sultan and the 2nd modern sultan of Johor. He was considered "fabulously wealthy."

An Anglophile, Ibrahim maintained close ties with the British crown and frequently leveraged his personal relationships with reigning monarchs to advocate for Johor's autonomy and resist the expansionist ambitions of the British Colonial Office. However, he became highly unpopular later in his native land for his opposition to Malayan independence. This led him to spend most of his time away from Johor, traveling extensively in Europe, particularly to Britain.
R565 road (Ireland)
The R565 road is a regional road in County Kerry, in south-western Ireland. It is 18.5 km (11.5 mi) long and runs along the Iveragh Peninsula and Valentia Island. The road has two crossings to the island; the permanent Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge, and a seasonal vehicle ferry at Knightstown.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Nome, Norway
Nome is a municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Midt-Telemark and historically part of the Grenland region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ulefoss. Other villages include Bjervamoen, Ulefoss, Helgja, Flåbygd, and Svenseid.

The 430-square-kilometre (170 sq mi) municipality is the 230th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Nome is the 150th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,559. The municipality's population density is 17 inhabitants per square kilometre (44/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.

Nome is a large agricultural and forestry municipality. The agricultural area in Nome is approximately 27,000 decares (10 sq mi). Forest harvesting averaged 36,000 cubic metres (1,300,000 cu ft) annually in the five-year period 2017–2021. Just over half was spruce, the rest was pine.

Helgja
Helgja or Helgen is a village in Nome Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located on the west shore of the lake Norsjø, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southeast of the village of Ulefoss. Helgen Church is located in the village. The Norwegian National Road 36 runs through the village.
East 34th Street Ferry Landing
The East 34th Street Ferry Landing provides slips to ferries and excursion boats in the Port of New York and New Jersey. It is located on the East River in New York City east of the FDR Drive just north of East 34th Street in Midtown Manhattan. The facility, owned by the city, received Federal Highway Administration funding for improvements for docking facilities and upgrading the adjacent East River Greenway in 2008. A new terminal was built and completed in 2012.

Service is provided by Seastreak, which signs the landing as East 35th Street, and by NYC Ferry, which signs it as East 34th Street/Midtown. There is a M34 Select Bus Service bus stop adjacent to the ferry landing; the M15 local, M15 Select Bus Service and the M34A Select Bus Service have stops in the immediate vicinity at the intersection of First Avenue and East 34th Street. The East 34th Street Heliport is also on the waterfront south of the ferry landing.

New York Water Taxi
New York Water Taxi (NYWT) is a water taxi service based in New York City. It offers sightseeing, charter, and commuter services mainly to points along the East River and Hudson River. It is one of several private operators of ferries, sightseeing boats, and water taxis in the Port of New York and New Jersey.

NYWT was originally an affiliate company of The Durst Organization Inc., a partnership venture between Douglas Durst and Tom Fox. NYWT has been in existence since September 2002, beginning with a fleet of six yellow vessels with black and white checks. Today, the fleet consists of 10 vessels.

In January 2017, New York Cruise Lines purchased New York Water Taxi.
Nihonmatsu Yoshitsugu
Nihonmatsu Yoshitsugu (二本松 義継, 1552–1585)

or Hatakeyama Yoshitsugu was a Japanese daimyō of the Sengoku period, son of Nihonmatsu Yoshikuni. He was the 14th head of the Nihonmatsu clan (a branch of the Hatakeyama clan) of Mutsu.

In 1568, Yoshitsugu was attacked by Date Terumune, the father of the famous Date Masamune, outnumbered and defeated, he pretended to surrender.

In 1585, instead Yoshitsugu took Terumune as a hostage, Masamune’s forces counterattacked, and in the ensuring battle, both Nihonmatsu Yoshitsugu and Date Terumune were killed.

After the death of Date Terumune at Nihonmatsu's hands, his rival Date Masamune swore revenge, which culminated in the Battle of Hitotoribashi.

In 1588, during the attack of Koriyama castle by Date Masamune, the sons of Hatakeyama Yoshitsugu set the Koriyama castle on fire and fled to Ashina clan at Kurokawa Castle. Yoshitsugu son is Nihonmatsu Yoshitsuna (1574-1589) and Nihonmatsu Yoshitaka (1578-1655)

Hatakeyama clan
The Hatakeyama clan (Japanese: 畠山氏, Hepburn: Hatakeyama-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan. Originally a branch of the Taira clan and descended from Taira no Takamochi, they fell victim to political intrigue in 1205, when Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, first, and his father Shigetada later were killed in battle by Hōjō forces in Kamakura. After 1205 the Hatakeyama came to be descendants of the Ashikaga clan, who were in turn descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan.