hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Equestrian use of roadways
The use of horses for transportation, either by horseback riding or by driving carriages and wagons on roads, was the primary form of transportation before the advent of automobiles in the late 19th century. However, horses are still used for transport in many parts of the world, including places where certain sects such as the Amish reside. Horses are also ridden on the roads for pleasure, for example travelling from their stables to bridle paths and trails. Equestrians and motorists should take safety precautions to avoid serious accidents when sharing the roadways.

Buggy (carriage)
A buggy is an American lightweight four-wheeled carriage drawn by a single horse, though occasionally by two. Amish buggies are still regularly in use on the roadways of the United States. The word "buggy" has become a generic term for "carriage" in the United States. Historically, in England, a buggy was a two-wheeled vehicle.
George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus
George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus, Lord Douglas, Abernethy and Jedburgh Forest (c. 1427 – 12 March 1463) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the son of William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus and Margaret Hay of Yester. Known as the Great Earl of Angus. He succeeded to the Earldom following the death of his childless brother James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Angus in 1446. He was to become the first Red Chief of Douglas.

Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde
Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde (died 1455) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a member of the powerful Black Douglases.

He was the fourth son of James the Gross, 7th Earl of Douglas and his wife Beatrice, daughter of Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney. He was a younger brother of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray and elder to John Douglas, Lord of Balvenie.
Phthiotis
Phthiotis (Greek: Φθιώτιδα, Fthiótida [fθi'otiða]; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.

Larissa (regional unit)
Larissa (Greek: Περιφερειακή ενότητα Λάρισας) is one of the regional units of Greece, located in the region of Thessaly. Its capital is the city of Larissa, after which it is named. According to the 2021 census, it has a total population of 268,963.
Diplochaetetes
Diplochaetetes is an extinct genus of marine polychaete worms in the family Cirratulidae. It was initially described as a tabulate coral, and later classified as a sponge. Later studies provided significant evidence that Diplochaetetes fossils are bioconstructions attributable to cirratulid polychaetes due to their strong similarity with modern Dodecaceria aggregates. Both fossil Diplochaetetes and recent Dodecaceria bioconstructions retain identical double-phased biomineralization characteristics, but the possible synonymity of these genera is currently subject to debate.

Cirratulidae
Cirratulidae is a family of marine polychaete worms. Members of the family are found worldwide, mostly living in mud or rock crevices. Most are deposit feeders, but some graze on algae or are suspension feeders. Although subject to multiple revisions over time, cirratulids are among the few polychaete clades with a verified fossil record.
Consolidated Fleetster
The Consolidated Model 17 Fleetster was a 1920s American light transport monoplane aircraft built by the Consolidated Aircraft Corporation. There was several closely related types the Model 17, Model 18, Model 20; then the C-11, C-22, and XBY military versions.

Pratt & Whitney R-1860 Hornet B
The Pratt & Whitney R-1860 Hornet B was a relatively uncommon aircraft engine. It was a development of Pratt & Whitney's earlier R-1690 Hornet and was basically similar, but enlarged in capacity from 1,690 to 1,860 cubic inches (30.5 L). Cylinder bore was increased by 1/8" and the crankshaft stroke by 3/8". Both engines were air-cooled radial engines, with a single row of nine cylinders.
Deathtrap (video game)
Deathtrap is a tower defense/action RPG video game released in 2015 by NeocoreGames for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It shares the gothic fiction setting with NeocoreGames' The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing and features a lone protagonist who is sent to a border world in an alternate dimension ("Ink") to defend a series of ancient strongholds against a horde of monsters invading from the depths of that dimension and trying to break through to the physical world.

The Xbox One version was released on 3 January 2017 under the title The World of Van Helsing: Deathtrap. NeocoreGames released a PlayStation 4 port on 28 September 2020.

Tower defense
Tower defense (TD) is a subgenre of strategy games where the goal is to defend a player's territories or possessions by obstructing the enemy attackers or by stopping enemies from reaching the exits, usually achieved by placing defensive structures on or along their path of attack. This typically means building a variety of different structures that serve to automatically block, impede, attack or destroy enemies. Tower defense is seen as a subgenre of real-time strategy video games, due to its real-time origins, even though many modern tower defense games include aspects of turn-based strategy. Strategic choice and positioning of defensive elements is an essential strategy of the genre.
Di Xin
Di Xin of Shang (商帝辛; Shāng Dì Xīn) or Shou, King of Shang (商王受; Shāng Wáng Shòu), was the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China. He is also known by a pejorative title, King Zhòu of Shang ([ʈ͡ʂoʊ]; Chinese: 商紂王; pinyin: Zhòu Wáng) in Zhou dynasty texts and beyond. He is contemporaneously recorded in bronze relics, where his posthumous name, Di Xin, is used.

In later times, the story of “King Zhòu” became a cautionary tale on what could befall a kingdom if its ruler gave into corruption and moral depravity. However, owing to the small number of artifacts found from his rule, his actual life and deeds are not well understood beyond posthumous accounts.

Jiuhou Nü
Jiuhou Nü (Chinese: 九侯女; pinyin: Jiǔhóu Nǚ; lit. 'Daughter of Jiuhou'; c. ? — ?) was a consort of Di Xin during the Shang dynasty. She was of the Mi surname and came from the ruling family of Guifang, a region located in present-day northwestern Shaanxi, and western Inner Mongolia. Her father, Jiuhou, was a vassal ruler of the Shang dynasty and also the chief of Guifang.
Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine
The Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine is an engine introduced in 1959. Built in Crewe, it was used on most Rolls-Royce and Bentley automobiles in the four decades after its introduction, with its final application being the Bentley Mulsanne which ended production in 2020.

With BMW's acquisition of the rights to use the Rolls-Royce name in 1998, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars began using BMW supplied V12 engines but Bentley under Volkswagen Group ownership continued to use highly modified versions of the L series on its Arnage, Azure, Brooklands and Mulsanne models, with VAG W-12 and V8 engines being used in its Continental GT, Flying Spur and Bentayga models.

Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit
The Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit is a full-size luxury car produced by Rolls-Royce Motors, in Crewe, England, from 1980 to 1997. It was the first model in the SZ series. The Silver Spur is a long-wheelbase version of the Silver Spirit, produced from 1980 to 2000. It was the first car to feature a retractable Spirit of Ecstasy: the spring-loaded mascot sank into the radiator shell if dislodged from its position.
Taiyū, Akita
Taiyū (大雄村, Taiyū-mura) was a village located in Hiraka District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the village had an estimated population of 5,635 and a density of 215.24 persons per km2. The total area was 26.18 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Taiyū, along with the towns of Hiraka, Jūmonji, Masuda, Omonogawa, Ōmori and the village of Sannai (all from Hiraka District), was merged into the expanded city of Yokote.

Yokote, Akita
Yokote (横手市, Yokote-shi) is a city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2024, the city had an estimated population of 81,617 in 33,876 households, and a population density of 120 persons per km². The total area of the city is 692.80 km2 (267.49 sq mi).
1970 French Grand Prix
The 1970 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Circuit de Charade, Clermont-Ferrand on 5 July 1970. It was race 6 of 13 in both the 1970 World Championship of Drivers and the 1970 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. This was the third French Grand Prix to be held at the Circuit de Charade and the second in succession, after plans to hold the race at the Circuit d'Albi near Toulouse fell through.

The 38-lap race was won by Lotus driver Jochen Rindt after he started from sixth position. Chris Amon finished second for the March team and Brabham driver Jack Brabham came in third.

Circuit de Charade
The Circuit de Charade, also known as Circuit Louis Rosier and Circuit Clermont-Ferrand, is a motorsport race track in Saint-Genès-Champanelle near Clermont-Ferrand in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. The circuit, built around the base of an extinct volcano, was known for its challenging layout which favored the most skillful drivers and motorcyclists. It hosted the French Grand Prix four times and the French motorcycle Grand Prix ten times.
The Shy Little Kitten
The Shy Little Kitten is a famous Little Golden Book written by Cathleen Schurr and illustrated by Gustaf Tenggren, noted for his illustrations featured in fellow Little Golden Book The Poky Little Puppy. Originally published in 1946, the storybook has earned a reputation as one of the most iconic, classic Little Golden Books ever written and as a popular children's picture book.

Gustaf Tenggren
Gustaf Adolf Tenggren (November 3, 1896 – April 9, 1970) was a Swedish illustrator and animator. He is known for his Arthur Rackham-influenced fairy-tale style and use of silhouetted figures with caricatured faces. Tenggren was a chief illustrator for The Walt Disney Company in the late 1930s, in what has been called the Golden Age of American animation, when animated feature films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Bambi and Pinocchio were produced.
Philippine snubnose halfbeak
The Philippine snubnose halfbeak (Melapedalion breve) is a species of halfbeak. It is a coastal species that originates from the South China and Sulu Seas around the Philippines and Malaysia. It grows to about 22.7 centimetres (8.9 in) SL. It is the only member of its monotypic genus and was originally described as Oxyporhamphus brevis by Alvin Seale in 1910 with the type locality given as Paawacan, Palawan Island, Philippines.

Halfbeak
Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world.  The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws. The similar viviparous halfbeaks (family Zenarchopteridae) have often been included in this family.

Though not commercially important themselves, these forage fish support artisanal fisheries and local markets worldwide. They are also fed upon by other commercially important predatory fishes, such as billfishes, mackerels, and sharks.
Jefferson Thomas
Jefferson Allison Thomas (September 19, 1942 – September 5, 2010) was one of the Little Rock Nine, a group of African-American students who, in 1957, were the first black students ever to attend classes at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. In 1999, Thomas and the other students of the Little Rock Nine were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by President Bill Clinton.

Nine from Little Rock
Nine from Little Rock is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim about the Little Rock Nine, the first nine African-American students to attend an all-white Arkansas high school in 1957.
Zombie Studios
Zombie Studios was an American independent video game developer. It was formed in 1994 as Zombie, LLC by Joanna Alexander and Mark Long, formerly of the Sarnoff Research Center. Alexander and Long founded Zombie after they completed the design of a virtual reality headset for Hasbro at Sarnoff in 1993.

Spec Ops: Rangers Lead the Way
Spec Ops: Rangers Lead The Way (Spec Ops: Ranger Assault in Europe and Australia) is a tactical shooter video game developed by Zombie Studios and published by Ripcord Games exclusively for Windows. Players take control of United States Army Rangers; the game's subtitle is the Ranger motto. It is the first game in the Spec Ops series.
Mala Vraca
Mala Vraca (Macedonian and Serbian Cyrillic: Мала Враца; Albanian: Vraca e Vogël) is a peak of the Šar Mountains located in Kosovo and North Macedonia. Small Vraca is one of the most southern peaks of the Šar Mountains. It reaches a height of 2,536 m (8,320 ft) or 2,483 m (8,146 ft). So it is smaller than its bigger brother Big Vraca which is 2,582 m (8,471 ft) high.

Šar Mountains
The Šar Mountains (Macedonian: Шар Планина, romanized: Šar Planina; Serbian: Шар-планина / Šar-planina; colloquially also Šara, Cyrillic: Шара) or Sharr Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit, pronounced [malɛt ɛ ʃarit]) is a mountain range in Southeast Europe, extending into several countries from southern Kosovo, to northwestern North Macedonia, to northeastern Albania. The sections in Kosovo (Sharr Mountains National Park) and North Macedonia (Šar Planina National Park) are national parks. Rugged and barren, the mountains are among the highest in the Balkans, with 30 peaks higher than 2,500 m (8,202 ft).
Thomanerchor
The Thomanerchor (English: St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig) is a boys' choir in Leipzig, Germany. The choir was founded in 1212. The choir comprises about 90 boys from 9 to 18 years of age. The members, called Thomaner, reside in a boarding school, the Thomasalumnat and attend the St. Thomas School, Leipzig, a Gymnasium school with a linguistic profile and a focus on musical education. The younger members attend the primary school Grundschule Forum Thomanum or Anna-Magdalena-Bach-Schule. Johann Sebastian Bach served as Thomaskantor, director of the choir and church music in Leipzig, from 1723 to 1750.

Thomaskantor
Thomaskantor (Cantor at St. Thomas) is the common name for the musical director of the Thomanerchor, now an internationally known boys' choir founded in Leipzig in 1212. The official historic title of the Thomaskantor in Latin, Cantor et Director Musices, describes the two functions of cantor and director. As the cantor, he prepared the choir for service in four Lutheran churches, Thomaskirche (St. Thomas), Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas), Neue Kirche (New Church) and Peterskirche (St. Peter). As director, he organized music for city functions such as town council elections and homages. Functions related to the university took place at the Paulinerkirche. 
Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous Thomaskantor, from 1723 to 1750.
Nes Municipality (Hedmark)
Nes is a former municipality in the old Hedmark county, Norway. The 177-square-kilometre (68 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Ringsaker Municipality in the traditional district of Hedmarken. The administrative centre was the village of Tingnes where Nes Church is located. The largest village in Nes was Stavsjø where the Stavsjø Church is located. The municipality included the Nes peninsula and the island of Helgøya which both are surrounded by the large lake Mjøsa, Norway's largest lake.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 176.9-square-kilometre (68.3 sq mi) municipality was the 403rd largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Nes Municipality was the 206th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 4,195. The municipality's population density was 23.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (61/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Tingnes
Tingnes or Nes is a village in Ringsaker Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located on the southern end of the Nes peninsula, along the shores of the lake Mjøsa. The village lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the village of Stavsjø. There is a bridge from Tingnes to the island of Helgøya to the south. Nes Church is located in the village.

The 0.43-square-kilometre (110-acre) village has a population (2024) of 467 and a population density of 1,086 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,810/sq mi).
Maupertuis's principle
In classical mechanics, Maupertuis's principle (named after Pierre Louis Maupertuis, 1698 – 1759) states that the path followed by a physical system is the one of least length (with a suitable interpretation of path and length).  It is a special case of the more generally stated principle of least action.  Using the calculus of variations, it results in an integral equation formulation of the equations of motion for the system.

Hamilton's principle
In physics, Hamilton's principle is William Rowan Hamilton's formulation of the principle of stationary action. It states that the dynamics of a physical system are determined by a variational problem for a functional based on a single function, the Lagrangian, which may contain all physical information concerning the system and the forces acting on it. The variational problem is equivalent to and allows for the derivation of the differential equations of motion of the physical system.  Although formulated originally for classical mechanics, Hamilton's principle also applies to classical fields such as the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, and plays an important role in quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and criticality theories.
Elk Camp, California
Elk Camp was an American settlement between Redwood Creek and the Klamath River, fifteen miles northwest of Fort Anderson in modern Humboldt County, California it was formerly located in Klamath County.  Elk Camp was a post office from January 31, 1859, to December 19, 1862.

In May 1862, under threat of Indian raids on its cattle, the local settlers urgently requested  military protection.  Post at Elk Camp, a temporary post, garrisoned from Fort Ter-Waw, was probably established within the settlement.  A trail was to be cut through the forest from Fort Ter-Waw to Elk Camp, to link up with the forts south of the Klamath River.

Klamath County, California
Klamath County was a county of California from 1851 to 1874. During its existence, the county seat moved twice and ultimately portions of the territory it once had were carved up and added to nearby counties. It was formed from the northwestern portion of Trinity County, and originally included all of the northwestern part of the state, from the Mad River in the south to Oregon in the north, from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the middle of what is now Siskiyou County in the east. It is the only county in California to be disestablished.
Woore
Woore (/wʊər/ w-oor) is a village and civil parish in the north east of Shropshire, England. The population of the village as recorded in the 2011 census is 633, and for the civil parish is 1,069. The civil parish extends to about 3,950 acres (1,600 hectares).

Madeley, Staffordshire
Madeley is a village and ward in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England. It is split into three parts: Madeley, Middle Madeley and Little Madeley; Madeley Heath is also considered by many to be a constituent part. In the 2001 census, the population was recorded as 4,386; it decreased to 4,222 at the 2011 census.
Ramesses V
Usermaatre Sekheperenre Ramesses V (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and was the son of Ramesses IV and Duatentopet. His mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo.

Duatentopet
Duatentopet or Tentopet (fl. 1150 BCE) was an ancient Egyptian queen of the 20th Dynasty, the wife of Pharaoh Ramesses IV, and mother of Ramesses V. Even though the identity of Ramesses IV's wife has not been clearly stated in history, she is considered the most likely candidate by virtue of the titles she was given and which were found listed in her tomb (QV74).

In the Karnak Temple Complex, an Adoratrix named Tentopet is shown with Ramesses III in the Temple of Khonsu.  It is thought likely that Tentopet and Queen Duatentopet were the same person, and that she was a daughter of Ramesses III. This would make her a sister, or a half-sister, of her husband.

Her steward Amenhotep was buried in Theban tomb TT346.
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Carmen
The Iglesia de Nuestra Señora del Carmen (English: Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) is a church in Hatillo, Puerto Rico dating from 1879. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2000.

It was designed by Pedro A. Beibal.

It is one of 31 churches reviewed for listing on the National Register in 1984.

Hatillo, Puerto Rico
Hatillo (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈtiʝo]) is a town and municipality located in Puerto Rico's north coast, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Lares and Utuado to the south, Camuy to the west, and Arecibo to the east. According to the 2000 Census, Hatillo is spread over nine barrios and Hatillo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Deutschnofen
Deutschnofen (German pronunciation: [ˌdɔʏtʃn̩ˈoːfn̩]; Italian: Nova Ponente [ˈnɔːva poˈnɛnte]) is a comune (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of the city of Bolzano.

Deutschnofen borders the following municipalities: Aldein, Bolzano, Bronzolo, Karneid, Laives, Welschnofen, and municipalities of Predazzo, Tesero and Varena in Trentino.

The municipality of Deutschnofen contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Petersberg (Italian: Monte San Pietro), Eggen (Italian: San Nicolò d'Ega), Rauth (Novale) and Obereggen, a small tourist village located on the foot of the Latemar, with some 900 inhabitants.

The A22 motorway is located 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the village. Deutschnofen shares 7 km of the frontier with Trentino. The Brantental valley connects it with Laives.

Welschnofen
Welschnofen (German: [vɛlʃn̩ˈoːfn̩]; Italian: Nova Levante [ˈnɔːva leˈvante]) is a comune (municipality) in the autonomous province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of the city of Bolzano.
Ivan Nikolaev
Ivan Sergeyevich Nikolaev (Russian: Иван Серге́евич Николаев; 19 July 1901 – 22 September 1979) was a Soviet architect and educator, notable for his late 1920s constructivist architecture and later work in industrial architecture.

Constructivist architecture
Constructivist architecture was a constructivist style of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. Abstract and austere, the movement aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space, while rejecting decorative stylization in favor of the industrial assemblage of materials. Designs combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced many pioneering projects and finished buildings, before falling out of favor around 1932. It has left marked effects on later developments in architecture.