hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a protein encoded by the RHO gene and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is a light-sensitive receptor protein that triggers visual phototransduction in rod cells. Rhodopsin mediates dim light vision and thus is extremely sensitive to light.  When rhodopsin is exposed to light, it immediately photobleaches. In humans, it is fully regenerated in about 30 minutes, after which the rods are more sensitive. Defects in the rhodopsin gene cause eye diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and congenital stationary night blindness.

Schiff base
In organic chemistry, a Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff) is a compound with the general structure R1R2C=NR3 (R3 = alkyl or aryl, but not hydrogen). They can be considered a sub-class of imines, being either secondary ketimines or secondary aldimines depending on their structure.   Anil refers to a common subset of Schiff bases: imines derived from anilines.  The term can be synonymous with azomethine which refers specifically to secondary aldimines (i.e. R−CH=NR' where R' ≠ H).
Beecher's Trilobite Bed
Beecher's Trilobite Bed is a Konservat-Lagerstätte of Late Ordovician (Caradoc) age located within the Frankfort Shale in Cleveland's Glen, Oneida County, New York, USA. Only 3–4 centimeters thick, Beecher's Trilobite Bed has yielded numerous exceptionally preserved trilobites with the ventral anatomy and soft tissue intact, the soft tissue preserved by pyrite replacement. Pyritisation allows the use of X-rays to study fine detail of preserved soft body parts still within the host rock. Pyrite replacement of soft tissue is unusual in the fossil
record; the only Lagerstätten thought to show such
preservation were Beecher's Trilobite Bed, the Devonian Hunsrück Slates of Germany, and the Jurassic beds of La Voulte-sur-Rhône in France, although new locations are coming to light in New York state.

La Voulte-sur-Rhône (lagerstätte)
The late Middle Jurassic lagerstätte at La Voulte-sur-Rhône, in the Ardèche region of southwestern France, offers paleontologists an outstanding view of an undisturbed paleoecosystem that was preserved in fine detail as organisms died at the site and settled to the bottom of a shallow epicontinental sea, with a folded floor that in places exceeded 200 m at this site. The site preserves a marine system of the Lower Callovian stage, a little over 160 mya. The sequence is exposed in a series of quarries at La Boissine, west of the village of La Voulte-sur-Rhône. Iron pyrites in the silty shale are symptoms of an anoxic environment. The site was recognized among French paleontologists from the mid-nineteenth century for its finely detailed fossils.
6th Infantry Division (United States)
The 6th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army active in World War I, World War II, and the last years of the Cold War. Known as "Red Star", it was previously called the "Sight Seein' Sixth". The six points of the star refer to the unit's numerical designation.

17th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 17th Infantry Regiment is a United States Army infantry regiment. An earlier regiment designated the 17th Infantry Regiment was organized on 11 January 1812, but it was consolidated with four other regiments as the 3rd Infantry in the post-war reorganization of the army following the War of 1812, due to the shattering losses it sustained at the River Raisin. The current 17th Infantry was constituted as the 17th Regiment of Infantry on 3 May 1861.
Ancestral graph
In statistics and Markov modeling, an ancestral graph is a type of mixed graph used to provide a graphical representation for the result of marginalizing one or more vertices in a graphical model that takes the form of a directed acyclic graph. Ancestral graphs can encode conditional independence relations that arise in directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with latent variables and selection bias.

Graphical model
A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. Graphical models are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.
Hucknall Urban District
Hucknall was an urban district in Nottinghamshire, England, from 1894 to 1974.

It was created under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Hucknall Torkard urban sanitary district.  It was centred on the town of Hucknall.  In 1935 it gained parts of Linby and Papplewick from the Basford Rural District.
Its neighbours were the county borough of Nottingham to the south and the Basford Rural District to the north, east and west.

Since 1974 the town of Hucknall has formed part of the Ashfield district, with Linby and Papplewick becoming part of Gedling.
53°02′02″N 1°12′05″W﻿ / ﻿53.0339°N 1.2013°W﻿ / 53.0339; -1.2013

Linby
Linby is a small village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England. The nearest town is Hucknall which is immediately to the south-west. The village grew up around the mills on the River Leen, from which Linby's name is derived. Small streams known as Linby Docks run on both sides of the main street. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 232, increasing to 676 at the 2021 census.
Howard Rheingold
Howard Rheingold (born 1947) is an American critic, writer, and teacher, known for his specialties on the cultural, social and political implications of modern communication media such as the Internet, mobile telephony and virtual communities.

The Virtual Community
The Virtual Community is a 1993 book about virtual communities by Howard Rheingold, a member of the early network system The WELL. A second edition, with a new concluding chapter, was published in 2000 by MIT Press.

The book's discussion ranges from Rheingold's adventures on The WELL, computer-mediated communication and social groups and information science. Technologies cited include Usenet, MUDs (multi-user dungeons) and their derivatives MUSHes and MOOs, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists. Rheingold also points out the potential benefits for personal psychological well-being, as well as for society at large, of belonging to a virtual community.
Koehneria
Koehneria is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lythraceae. The only species is Koehneria madagascariensis (Baker) S.A.Graham, Tobe & Baas

It is native to Madagascar.

The genus name of Koehneria is in honour of Bernhard Adalbert Emil Koehne (1848–1918), a German botanist and dendrologist born near Striegau, a town known today as Strzegom, Poland, 
The Latin specific epithet of madagascariensis means "coming from Madagascar",
and both genus and species were first described and published in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. Vol.73 on pages 805-806 in (1986 publ. 1987).

Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 28 genera and about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.  The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the members of the former families of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.

The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae.  The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.
Buckhead Forest
Buckhead Forest is a neighborhood of 165 homes in the Buckhead district of Atlanta, Georgia.

It is bounded by:

Peachtree Road and Buckhead Village on the southeast

Roswell Road and South Tuxedo Park on the west

Piedmont Road and North Buckhead on the northeast

Buckhead
Buckhead is the uptown commercial and residential district of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, comprising approximately the northernmost fifth of the city. Buckhead is the third-largest business district within the Atlanta city limits, behind Downtown and Midtown, and a major commercial and financial center of the Southern U.S.

Buckhead is anchored by a core of high-rise office buildings, hotels, shopping centers, restaurants and condominiums centered around the intersection of Peachtree Road and Piedmont Road near Georgia State Route 400, the Buckhead MARTA station, and Lenox Square.
Matthew 3:1
Matthew 3:1 is the first verse of the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This verse takes up the narrative some thirty years after Matthew 2:23, beginning the account of Jesus' ministry. This verse introduces the figure of John the Baptist.

Matthew 3
Matthew 3 is the third chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. It is the first chapter dealing with the ministry of Jesus, with events taking place some three decades after the close of the infancy narrative related in the previous two chapters. The focus of this chapter is on the preaching of John the Baptist and the Baptism of Jesus.

For the first time since Matthew 1:1 there are clear links with the Gospel of Mark. Many scholars are certain that a good portion of this chapter is a reworking of Mark 1. The chapter also parallels Luke 3, also believed to be based on Mark 1. A number of passages shared by Luke and Matthew, but not found in Mark, are commonly ascribed to the hypothetical source 'Q'.
T. J. O'Malley
Thomas Joseph O'Malley (October 15, 1915 – November 6, 2009) was an Irish-American aerospace engineer who, as chief test conductor for the Convair division of General Dynamics, was responsible for pushing the button on February 20, 1962, launching the Mercury-Atlas 6 space flight carrying astronaut John Glenn, the first American in orbit. Five years later, NASA asked North American Aviation to hire him as director of launch operations to help get the Apollo program back on track after the Apollo 1 command module fire on the launch pad killed three astronauts. O'Malley continued to play a leadership role in the United States' space program through the first Space Shuttle launch in 1981.

Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 14
Launch Complex 14 (LC-14) is a launch site at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Part of the Missile Row lineup of launch sites in the region, LC-14 was used for various crewed and uncrewed Atlas launches, including the February 1962 Friendship 7 flight aboard which John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth.

LC-14 is currently leased to Stoke Space for their Nova launch vehicle.
Gympie Lands Office
Gympie Lands Office is a heritage-listed former court house and public administration building at 26 Channon Street, Gympie, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Department of Public Works and Queensland Colonial Architect's Office and built in 1942 by the Department of Public Works, Gympie City Council, Mark Doggett, Andrew Collins, and George Caldwell. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 15 July 2011.

Gympie
Gympie (/ˈɡɪmpi/ GHIM-pee) is a city and a locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. Located in the Greater Sunshine Coast, Gympie is about 170.7 km (110 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city lies on the Mary River, which floods Gympie occasionally. The locality of Gympie is the central business district for the city of Gympie and also the administrative centre for the Gympie Region local government area. In the 2021 census, Gympie had an urban population of 22,424 people.

Gympie is famous for its gold field. It contains a number of historic buildings registered on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Food science
Food science (or bromatology) is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope overlaps with agricultural science and nutritional science and extends to the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.

Food science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates concepts from chemistry, physics, physiology, microbiology, and biochemistry. It evolved from early preservation practices such as salting to an organized research-driven field central to modern food production.

Food scientists develop new food products, design processing methods to produce these foods, select packaging materials, conduct shelf life and sensory evaluation studies of products using survey panels or potential consumers, and perform microbiological and chemical testing. Food scientists may study more fundamental phenomena that are directly linked to the production of food products and its properties.

Nutritional science
Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
Forward kinematics
In robot kinematics, forward kinematics refers to the use of the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from specified values for the joint parameters.

The kinematics equations of the robot are used in robotics, computer games, and animation.  The reverse process, that computes the joint parameters that achieve a specified position of the end-effector, is known as inverse kinematics.

Denavit–Hartenberg parameters
In mechatronics engineering, the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters (also called DH parameters) are the four parameters associated with the DH convention for attaching reference frames to the links of a spatial kinematic chain, or robot manipulator.

Jacques Denavit and Richard Hartenberg introduced this convention in 1955 in order to standardize the coordinate frames for spatial linkages.

Richard Paul demonstrated its value for the kinematic analysis of robotic systems in 1981.
While many conventions for attaching reference frames have been developed, the Denavit–Hartenberg convention remains a popular approach.
São Pedro (Funchal)
São Pedro (Portuguese for "Saint Peter") is a civil parish in the municipality of Funchal in the island of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 7,273, in an area of 1.49 km².

São Pedro is located north of Sé and central to the municipality, surrounded by the parishes of Santo António, Santa Luzia, Imaculado Coração de Maria, São Roque and São Martinho.

Imaculado Coração de Maria
Imaculado Coração de Maria (English: Immaculate Heart of Mary) is a civil parish in the municipality of Funchal in the archipelago of Madeira. Imaculado Coração de Maria, which is Portuguese for The Immaculate Heart of Mary, is a suburb of Funchal. The population in 2011 was 6,207, in an area of 1.36 km2.
Arkville, New York
Arkville is a hamlet in the Town of Middletown, Delaware County, New York, United States. It is located along New York State Route 28, one  mile north of the village of Margaretville in the western Catskill Mountains. It has the ZIP code 12406.

Arkville is built either on or very close to the site of an old Lenape village called Pakatagkan.

The main office of the Catskill Center for Conservation and Development is located in the Erpf House along Route 28. The hamlet straddles the Catskill Park Blue Line, which moves from the former Ulster and Delaware Railroad tracks to Dry Brook and then the East Branch of the Delaware River a short distance to the west.

Ulster and Delaware Railroad
The Ulster and Delaware Railroad (U&D) was a railroad located in the state of New York. It was often advertised as "The Only All-Rail Route to the Catskill Mountains." At its greatest extent, the U&D extended 107 miles (172 km) from Kingston Point on the Hudson River through the Catskill Mountains to its western terminus at Oneonta, passing through the counties of Ulster, Delaware, Schoharie and Otsego.
Longfeng Temple
Guan'ao Longfeng Temple (traditional Chinese: 官澳龍鳳宮; simplified Chinese: 官澳龙凤宫; pinyin: Guān'ào Lóngfèng Gōng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Koaⁿ-ò Liông-hōng-kiong) is a temple located in Jinsha Township, Kinmen County, Fujian. The temple's main deity is the sea goddess Mazu.

Jinsha, Kinmen
24°28′52″N 118°25′41″E﻿ / ﻿24.481109°N 118.427993°E﻿ / 24.481109; 118.427993

Jinsha Township (Kinsha) (Chinese: 金沙鎮; pinyin: Jīnshā Zhèn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kim-soa-tìn; lit. 'gold dust') is an urban township in the north-eastern corner of Greater Kinmen Island (Quemoy), Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China (Taiwan). It is in the Taiwan Strait, on the coast of mainland China.
Mount Mokoto
Mount Mokoto (藻琴山, Mokotoyama) is a dormant volcano in Akan Mashu National Park, in eastern Hokkaido. It is located on the north side of Lake Kussharo and straddles the towns of Koshimizu, Teshikaga, Ozora, and Bihoro.

Akan Mashu National Park
Akan Mashu National Park (阿寒摩周国立公園, Akan Mashū Kokuritsu Kōen) is a national park located on the island of Hokkaido, Japan. Along with Daisetsuzan National Park, these are the two oldest national parks in Hokkaido. The park was established December 4, 1934.

Akan is an area of volcanic craters and forests, covering 90,481 hectares (904.81 km2). The park is famous for its crystal clear lakes, its hot springs, and its large marimo. It is the only place where marimo of appreciable size form naturally in Japan.
Sube a mi nube
Sube a mi nube (lit. 'Climb to my cloud') is a 2024 Peruvian melodrama film directed by Sergio Barrio, inspired by the life and tragedy surrounding the death of Mónica Santa María, presenter of the children's program Nubeluz. Starring Silvana Cañote accompanied by Alessa Wichtel, Andrés Wiese, Christian Thorsen and Javier Delgiudice.

Nubeluz
Nubeluz was a Peruvian children's show produced by Panamericana Televisión that aired from September 8, 1990 to November 7. 1996. It aired in a total of 19 Latin American countries, as well as the United States, Turkey, the Philippines, Egypt, Japan, Indonesia and China. It was produced by Rochi Hernández and written by Alonso Alegría, Maritza Kirchhausen, Catalina Lohmann, Clara María Cavagnaro and Fernando Gagliuffi, and was hosted by a group of female presenters called Dalinas, the best known being Mónica Santa María and Almendra Gomelsky.
Four Paws
Four Paws (stylized FOUR PAWS) is a global animal welfare organisation based in Vienna, Austria. It focuses on improving the living conditions of animals under direct human influence, by revealing suffering, rescuing animals in need, and protecting them.

Bear Sanctuary Prishtina
The Bear Sanctuary Prishtina (Albanian: Pylli i arinjve Prishtina) is a sanctuary for rescued brown bears in Kosovo at around 22 km (14 mi) close to the city of Prishtina. The sanctuary is located near the Badoc Lake.
German Spitz
The German Spitz (German: Deutscher Spitz) is a breed of spitz-type dogs from Germany. It is considered a single breed, with five distinct varieties based on size and colour: the Wolfsspitz/Keeshond, the Giant Spitz or Großspitz, the Medium Spitz or Mittelspitz, the Miniature Spitz or Kleinspitz and the Pomeranian or Zwergspitz ("Dwarf Spitz").

Spitz
The spitz (pronounced [ʃpɪts] ⓘ) is a type of domestic dog including between 50 and 70 breeds depending on classification. There is no precise definition of the type, but most spitz breeds have pricked ears, almond-shaped eyes, a pointed muzzle, a double coat, and a tail that curves over the back. The name derives from the German Spitz(hund), meaning "pointed (dog)", in reference to the shape of the muzzle.

Most of the spitzes seen today originate from the Arctic region or from Siberia. Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the type as Canis pomeranus  in his 1788 revision of Systema Naturae.
Viktor Afanasyev (cosmonaut)
Viktor Mikhailovich Afanasyev (Russian: Виктор Михайлович Афанасьев; born 31 December 1948) is a colonel in the Russian Air Force and a test cosmonaut of the Yu. A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.  He was born 31 December 1948, in Bryansk,  Russian SFSR, and is married to Yelena Ya. Afanasyeva, born in 1952. They have two children. His father, Mikhail Z. Afanasyev, is deceased. His mother, Marya S. Afanasyeva, resides in Merkulyevo, Bryansk region, Russia. His recreational interests include football, swimming, and tourism. He considers his favorite meal to be borscht.

Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
The honorary title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (Russian: Летчик-космонавт СССР) was a state award of the Soviet Union presented to all cosmonauts who flew for the Soviet Space Agency.  Usually accompanying the distinction was the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the highest title that could be awarded to a Soviet citizen for performing heroic deeds while in service of the state.
Dionysius of Chalcedon
Dionysius of Chalcedon (Greek: Διονύσιος; fl. 320 BC) was a Greek philosopher and dialectician connected with the Megarian school. He was a native of Chalcedon on the coast of Bithynia. Dionysius was the person who first used the name Dialecticians to describe a splinter group within the Megarian school "because they put their arguments into the form of question and answer". One area of activity for the dialecticians was the framing of definitions, and Aristotle criticises a definition of life by Dionysius in his Topics:

This is, moreover, what happens to Dionysius' definition of "life" when stated as "a movement of a creature sustained by nutriment, congenitally present with it"

Dionysius is also reported to have taught Theodorus the Atheist.

Theodorus the Atheist
Theodorus "the Atheist" (Ancient Greek: Θεόδωρος ὁ ἄθεος, romanized: Theódōros ho átheos; c. 340 – c. 250 BCE), of Cyrene, was a Greek philosopher of the Cyrenaic school. He lived in both Greece and Alexandria, before ending his days in his native city of Cyrene. As a Cyrenaic philosopher, he taught that the goal of life was to obtain joy and avoid grief, and that the former resulted from knowledge, and the latter from ignorance. However, his principal claim to fame was his alleged atheism. He was usually designated by ancient writers ho atheos (ὁ ἄθεος), "the atheist."
Katherine Van Winkle Palmer
Katherine Van Winkle Palmer (February 5, 1895 – September 12, 1982) was an American paleontologist, studying fossils from the Cenozoic Era, and an accomplished geologist. Palmer is recognized for her field/doctoral study on Veneracean lamellibranches, a class of molluska that include clams, scallops and oysters. Palmer was a director of the Paleontological Research Institution (PRI) in New York. During Palmer's time as the director of the PRI, she oversaw the publication of numerous Bulletins of American Paleontology as well as several issues of Palaeontographica Americana. Palmer is well known for her field study and collection of mollusks that took place in several parts of the world, most notably in the Gulf of Mexico. Katherine was married to Ephraim L. Palmer and had two children together, Laurence and Richard Palmer.

Graduate Women in Science
Graduate Women in Science (GWIS), formerly known as Sigma Delta Epsilon (ΣΔΕ), is an international professional organization for women in science. It was established as a scientific women's fraternity in 1921 at Cornell University, United States. It played an important role for women scientists for some fifty years when they were not allowed membership in most mainstream scientific organizations. GWIS is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization with over 1,000 active members and more than 30 active chapters.