hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kangyidaunt Township
Kangyidaunt Township (Burmese: ကန်ကြီးတောင့်မြို့နယ်) is a township of the Pathein District in the Ayeyarwady Division of Myanmar. It is located on the eastern edge of Pathein District, bordering the townships of Einme and Myaunmya in Myaungmya District. Within Pathein District, Kangyidaunt Township is bordered by Kyaunggon Township to the northeast, Thabaung Township to the north, Pathein Township to the west, and Ngapudaw Township to the southwest. Kangyidaunt Township consists of 1 town, 7 wards, 73 village tracts and 386 villages. The principal town is Kangyidaunt. It may also be spelled as Kangyidaung.

Kangyidaunt Township has a significant Karen minority at 43.68% of residents in 2019.

Ngapudaw Township
Ngapudaw Township or Ngaputaw Township (Burmese: ငပုတောမြို့နယ်) is a township of Pathein District in the Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The western portion of the township includes Ngayokaung Subtownship and the southern portion of the township includes Hainggyikyun Subtownship, both unofficial divisions used by the Township for statistical and administrative ease. The small village of Kyounku within Hainggyikyun Subtownship is the birthplace of former President of Myanmar Thein Sein.

The township borders Pathein Township and Kangyidaunt Township to its north. To its east, it borders Myaungmya Township, Myaungmya District and Labutta Township, Labutta District. There are two subtownships, three towns, 9 wards, 83 village-tracts and 411 villages in Ngapudaw Township. The principal town of the township is Ngapudaw.
Sarkies Brothers
The Sarkies Brothers, Martin (1852–1912), Tigran (1861–1912), Aviet (1862–1923), and Arshak (1868–1931), were a group of brothers of Armenian ethnicity best known for founding a chain of luxury hotels throughout Southeast Asia. The brothers were born in Isfahan, Iran.

Eastern & Oriental Hotel
The Eastern & Oriental Hotel (stylised as E&O Hotel) is a British colonial-style luxury hotel in George Town, Penang, Malaysia that was established in 1885 by the Sarkies Brothers. The sea-fronting hotel is known for its luxurious accommodation and restaurants.
Martin John Spalding
Martin John Spalding (May 23, 1810 – February 7, 1872) was an American Catholic prelate who served as archbishop of Baltimore from 1864 to 1872. He previously served as bishop of Louisville from 1850 to 1864. He advocated aid for freed slaves following the American Civil War. Spalding attended the First Vatican Council, where he first opposed, and then supported, a dogmatic proclamation of papal infallibility.

Plenary Councils of Baltimore
The Plenary Councils of Baltimore were three conferences of American Catholic bishops, archbishops and superiors of religious orders in the United States. The councils were held in 1852, 1866 and 1884 in Baltimore, Maryland.

These three conferences played major roles in the 19th century in the establishment of Catholic education in the United States. They also defined the roles and rules for the church hierarchy, the clergy and Catholic laypeople.
Lone Chimney Lake
Lake Lone Chimney is a lake in Pawnee County, Oklahoma, east of Glencoe. It is owned by the Tri-County Development Authority. The lake, whose dam is also known as Lower Black Bear Creek Watershed Dam 19M, also extends into southern Payne County, Oklahoma. It was built in 1980 by the Tri-County Development Authority, Pawnee County Conservancy District and the Black Bear Conservancy District, assisted by the Oklahoma Conservation Commission and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Watershed Protection and Flood Protection Program.

Black Bear Creek
Black Bear Creek is a 116-mile-long (187 km) creek in northern Oklahoma. Black Bear Creek drains an area of 538 square miles (1,390 km2)  in Garfield County, Noble County and Pawnee County, Oklahoma. It takes on a red color from the red clay of this area.  The creek gets its name from the black bear. Though the area is outside of the range of the black bear, sightings have been rumored.

The creek's confluence with the Arkansas River is located in Pawnee County northwest of the town of Blackburn. Its tributaries are: Camp Creek, Cow Creek, Gansel Creek, Garber Creek, Garber Field Creek. Lutheran Creek, St. John Creek and Shale Creek.
Buldyrty
The Buldyrty (Kazakh: Бұлдырты; Russian: Булдырты) is a river in the West Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan. It is 195 kilometres (121 mi) long and has a catchment area of 4,660 square kilometres (1,800 sq mi).

The Buldyrty belongs to the Ural basin and flows across the Syrym, Karatobe and Shyngyrlau districts. The banks of the river are a seasonal grazing ground for local cattle. The name of the river originated in the Kazakh word for turbid or murky.

Karatobe District
Karatobe (Kazakh: Қаратөбе ауданы; Qaratöbe audany) is a district of West Kazakhstan Region in western Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is the selo of Karatobe. Population: 16,281 (2013 estimate); 16,879 (2009 census results); 21,115 (1999 census results).
Nevada State Route 161
State Route 161 (SR 161) is a state highway in Clark County, Nevada. It is known as Goodsprings Road, connecting the town of Goodsprings to Interstate 15 at Jean. The route was part of State Route 53 prior to 1976.

Goodsprings, Nevada
Goodsprings is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The Pioneer Saloon and the Goodsprings Schoolhouse were both built in 1913 and are still in use to this day. The town was once a prosperous mining town before seeing a significant decline in the population. The population was 162 as of the 2020 census. Due to this, Goodsprings has been characterized as a ghost town.
Anxiogenic
An anxiogenic or panicogenic substance is one that causes anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiolytic agents, which inhibits anxiety.  Together these categories of psychoactive compounds may be referred to as anxiotropic compounds.

Sodium lactate
Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as maize or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC3H5O3.

Sodium lactate, in the form of Ringer's lactate solution, is used as a medication, and is included on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
2021 New South Wales local elections
The 2021 New South Wales local elections were held on 4 December 2021 to elect the councils of 121 of the 128 local government areas (LGAs) in New South Wales. Several councils also held mayoral elections and/or referendums.

The Liberal Party did not run in Kiama, North Sydney or Shoalhaven, however a number of party members chose to contest as independents.

2020 Norfolk Island local election
The 2020 Norfolk Island local election was scheduled to be held on 14 November 2020 to elect the Norfolk Island Regional Council, the local government body of Norfolk Island. It was later postponed until March 2021, however the council was suspended in February 2021 and eventually dismissed later that year.

The election was to have been conducted by the Australian Election Company.
Double-negation translation
In proof theory, a discipline within mathematical logic, double-negation translation, sometimes called negative translation, is a general approach for embedding classical logic into intuitionistic logic. Typically it is done by translating formulas to formulas that are classically equivalent but intuitionistically inequivalent. Particular instances of double-negation translations include Glivenko's translation for propositional logic, and the Gödel–Gentzen translation and Kuroda's translation for first-order logic.

Valery Glivenko
Valery Ivanovich Glivenko (Russian: Вале́рий Ива́нович Гливе́нко, Ukrainian: Валерій Іванович Гливенко; 2 January 1897 (Gregorian calendar) / 21 December 1896 (Julian calendar) in Kyiv – 15 February 1940 in Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician. He worked in the foundations of mathematics, real analysis, probability theory, and mathematical statistics.  He taught at the Moscow Industrial Pedagogical Institute until his death at age 43. Most of Glivenko's work was published in French.
De La Salle College, Auckland
De La Salle College is an integrated Catholic secondary boys' school in the south of Auckland, New Zealand. Established in 1953 by the De La Salle Brothers, it continues to educate young men in the Catholic faith and Christian values. In New Zealand there are two schools along with De La Salle College established by the Brothers in New Zealand,  Francis Douglas Memorial College in New Plymouth and John Paul College in Rotorua. Students are encouraged to develop every aspect of their person and a strong emphasis is placed on excellence in academic study, cultural pride and sporting ability. Applicants need to be willing to support the Catholic character of the college.

Junior Poluleuligaga
Aukusitino Junior Poluleuligaga (born 5 February 1981) is a Samoan rugby union international player. He previously played for Exeter Chiefs in the Aviva Premiers before returning to Auckland and played two years with Auckland rugby union team before retiring 2015. He played as a Scrum-half and was educated at De La Salle College, Mangere East. His name is often abbreviated to Junior Polu. He is currently the Director of Rugby for Brothers Rugby Club in Brisbane, Australia. He also worked at Sunnybank Rugby Club in Brisbane as a Rugby Development Manager and before moving to Australia he was the Director of Rugby and General Manager for the Papatoetoe Rugby Football Club, Auckland New Zealand.
Chips Mackinolty
Chips Mackinolty (born 12 March 1954) is an Australian artist. He was involved in the campaigns against Australian participation in the war in Vietnam by producing posters, and was a key figure in the radical poster movement. In 1990 he co-founded, with Peter Cook and Therese Ritchie, Green Ant Research Arts and Publishing. He also worked in public service roles and as a journalist.

Tin Sheds
The Tin Sheds was the common name of the Sydney University Art Workshop, an Australian art workshop in Sydney, New South Wales, founded in 1969. Its name lives on in the Tin Sheds Gallery at the University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning. Groups such as Optronic Kinetics and the Earthworks Poster Collective operated out of Tin Sheds.
2017–18 Women's Big Bash League season
The 2017–18 Women's Big Bash League season or WBBL|03 was the third season of the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL), the semi-professional women's Twenty20 domestic cricket competition in Australia. The tournament was scheduled from 9 December 2017 to 4 February 2018.

The final, held at Adelaide Oval, pitted the Sydney Sixers against the Perth Scorchers for the second season running. Sydney comfortably won the match by nine wickets to claim back-to-back championships. Punctuating an emphatic comeback from retirement, Sixers medium-pace bowler Sarah Coyte managed figures of 4/17 in the decider and was named Player of the Final.

Melbourne Renegades captain Amy Satterthwaite was named Player of the Tournament, although her team failed to qualify for the finals. Sixers captain Ellyse Perry was the leading run-scorer of the season, while the leading wicket-taker title was shared between the Sixers' Sarah Aley and the Scorchers' Katherine Brunt.

Sarah Aley
Sarah Elizabeth Aley (born 3 June 1984) is an Australian former cricketer. She played domestic cricket for New South Wales in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and the Sydney Sixers in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). In 2017 she played three matches for the Australian national cricket team. She retired from all forms of cricket in 2020.
99th Missile Brigade
The 99th Missile Brigade (Russian: 99-я ракетная бригада) was a ballistic missile brigade of the Afghan Air Force and Air Defense, formed in 1955–56 by Prime Minister Mohammad Daoud Khan and disbanding in 1992, following the Afghan Civil War.

Scud missile
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design.

Scud missiles have been used in combat since the 1970s, mostly in wars in the Middle East. They became familiar to the Western public during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when Iraq fired dozens at Saudi Arabia and Israel. In Russian service, it has been replaced by the 9K720 Iskander.
Giovanni Calabrese
Giovanni Calabrese (born 30 October 1966 in Messina) is an Italian rower who competed at three Olympic Games.

He is married to Paola Grizzetti, 6th in rowing at Los Angeles 1984, and his daughter Valentina is also a rower, silver medal at senior level at the 2010 European Rowing Championships, he is her coach.

Paola Grizzetti
Paola Grizzetti (born 25 October 1965) is an Italian rower. She competed in the women's quadruple sculls event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

She is married to rower Giovanni Calabrese, and her daughter, Valentina, is also a rower.
Pfänderbahn
The Pfänderbahn (lit. 'Mount Pfänder cable car') is an aerial tramway in Bregenz in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It connects the shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee) at 419 m (1,375 ft) above sea level with the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high mountain station near the Pfänderspitze.

The valley station in Bregenz is located ca. 600 m (0.37 mi) from Bregenz Hafen and 1.2 km (0.75 mi) from Bregenz railway stations.

Bregenz railway station
Bregenz railway station (German: Bahnhof Bregenz) is a railway station in the municipality of Bregenz, located in the Bregenz district in Vorarlberg, Austria, on the southeastern shore of Lake Constance. It is an intermediate stop on the Vorarlberg line of Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).

The station is located ca. 1.2 km (0.75 mi) away from the valley station of the Pfänderbahn, an aerial tramway to Mount Pfänder.
New Braunfels Christian Academy
New Braunfels Christian Academy (NBCA) is a private preschool - 12th grade Christian school located in New Braunfels, Texas in the United States.  NBCA is an independent, non-denominational school founded in 1981. NBCA receives day students from preschool to grade 12. The school is located in New Braunfels, Texas, south of Austin, and north of San Antonio.

NBCA is a member of the Texas Association of Private Schools, and the Texas Association of Private and Parochial Schools. It is accredited by the Association of Christian Schools International, and the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfels (/ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ ⓘ BRAWN-fəlz) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Comal County. The city covers 44.9 square miles (116 km2) and had a population of 90,403 as of the 2020 Census. A suburb just north of San Antonio, and part of the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area, it was the third-fastest-growing city in the United States from 2010 to 2020. As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates its population at 104,707.

New Braunfels is known for its German Texan heritage.
Patrick Keane (New Zealand judge)
Patrick John Keane CNZM is a retired New Zealand judge. In December 2022, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Cook Islands, replacing Hugh Williams.

Keane was educated at Victoria University of Wellington, graduating with a BA in 1968, and an LLB (Hons) in 1969. He then worked for as a lawyer for Izard Weston and later as a Crown Solicitor for Rudd Watts and Stone from 1977 to 1979. He was a legal adviser to the New Zealand government from 1980 to 1985, and a Crown Counsel for the Crown Law Office from 1985 to 1987. In 1987, he was appointed a judge of the District Court of New Zealand and to the Taxation Review Authority. From 2001 to 2003 he was a member of the New Zealand Law Commission.

In 2003, he was appointed a judge of the High Court of New Zealand. He retired in 2016, and was then appointed to the High Court of the Cook Islands.

In the 2017 New Year Honours he was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) for services to the judiciary.

Chief Justice of the Cook Islands
The Chief Justice of the Cook Islands is the head of the Cook Islands judiciary.  They preside over the High Court of the Cook Islands and serve as a member of the Cook Islands Court of Appeal.  The office was established by the Cook Islands Constitution.

The Chief Justice is appointed by the King's Representative on the advice of the Executive Council.  They must be qualified to sit on the High Court, meaning that they must have either served as a justice of the High Court of New Zealand, the Court of Appeal of New Zealand, or the Supreme Court of New Zealand, or have practiced as a barrister in New Zealand or a country with an equivalent legal system for at least seven years.  When the position of Chief Justice is vacant, or the holder is absent or incapacitated, the senior judge of the High Court serves as Acting Chief Justice.

The Chief Justice also acts in place of the King's Representative if that position is vacant or the appointee is absent or unable to perform their duties.
Ostend
Ostend (/ɒstˈɛnd/ ost-END; Dutch: Oostende [oːstˈɛndə] ⓘ West Flemish: Ostende; French: Ostende [ɔstɑ̃d] ⓘ; lit. 'East End') is a coastal city and municipality in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerke, Raversijde, Stene and Zandvoorde, and the city of Ostend proper – the largest on the Belgian coast.

Mariakerke, West Flanders
Mariakerke (Dutch pronunciation: [maːˈrijaːˌkɛrkə]) is a seaside resort in the West Flanders province of Belgium. Previously a village of its own just to the west of Ostend, it now forms part of that town.

Mariakerke has about 17,485 inhabitants as of 2024.
Howie Klein
Howard Klein (February 20, 1948 – December 24, 2025) was an American writer, political activist, media personality, and onetime record label executive, DJ and producer. He was the president of Reprise Records from 1989 to 2001. He appeared occasionally as himself in music- and political-related film documentaries and received accolades for his stance against censorship and for his advocacy of free speech protection.

415 Records
415 Records was a San Francisco record label created in 1978. The label focused its efforts on local punk rock and new wave music acts of the late 1970s through the late 1980s, including The Offs, The Nuns, The Units, Romeo Void, and Wire Train. Its name, pronounced four-one-five (not four-fifteen), was a play on both the telephone area code for the San Francisco area and the California penal code section for disturbing the peace (indeed, in some promotional material, the phrase "disturbing the peace" was written underneath the 415 logo).  The label had a productive partnership with Columbia Records from 1981 until shortly before it was sold in 1989 to Sandy Pearlman, who retitled the label Popular Metaphysics.
Romanticism in Italy
Romanticism in Italy was a distinctive blend of European romantic ideals and Italian cultural traditions. It emphasized relationship with nature, emotion, imagination and individual freedom, as well as reevaluating the spiritual, religious, and historical aspects of national identity, generating a desire for political union.

Romantic culture in Italy thus played a key role in the Risorgimento, tying itself to the struggle for national unity. While sharing common ground with Romanticism elsewhere in Europe, such as opposition to the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, Italian Romanticism developed distinctive characteristics influenced by Italy's own classical heritage and its unique political context.

Italian idealism
Italian idealism, born from interest in the German movement and particularly in Hegelian doctrine, developed in Italy starting from the spiritualism of the nineteenth-century Risorgimento tradition, and culminated in the first half of the twentieth century in its two greatest exponents: Benedetto Croce and Giovanni Gentile.
Arabkir District
Arabkir (Armenian: Արաբկիր վարչական շրջան, romanized: Arabkir varch’akan shrjan), is one of the 12 districts of Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Located to the north of the city centre, Arabkir is bordered by the Davtashen District from the northwest, Ajapnyak District from the west, Kentron District from the south, and Kanaker-Zeytun District from the east. Hrazdan River forms the natural border of the district from the north and the west. At the north, Arabkir has common borders with the community of Kanakeravan of Kotayk Province.

Arapgir
Arapgir (Armenian: Արաբկիր; Kurdish: Erebgir) is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 987 km2, and its population is 9,964 (2022).

It is situated at the confluence of the eastern and western Euphrates, but some miles from the right bank of the combined streams. Arapgir is connected with Sivas by a chaussée, prolonged to the Euphrates river. The present town was built in the mid-19th century, but about 2 miles north-east is the old town, now called Eskişehir ("old city" in Turkish).
Sunday Times Fast Track 100
The Sunday Times Fast Track 100 was an annual league table published in association with The Sunday Times newspaper in the UK. It ranks Britain's 100 private companies with the fastest-growing sales over the last three years. It is published in The Sunday Times each December, with a conference and awards event typically held in May, and alumni dinners during the year. The list is researched and produced by Fast Track, an Oxford-based research and networking events business. Sir Richard Branson and the Virgin Group have supported the Fast Track 100 league table since Hamish Stevenson founded Fast Track in 1997.

Tech Track 100
The Sunday Times Tech Track 100 is an annual league table published in association with The Sunday Times newspaper in the UK. It ranks Britain’s 100 private technology (TMT) companies with the fastest-growing sales over their last three years. It is published in The Sunday Times each September, with an awards event typically held in November, and networking dinners for alumni companies throughout the year. The league table is researched and produced by Fast Track, an Oxford-based research and networking events business.
Flood of 1851
The Great Flood of 1851 occurred after record-setting rainfalls across the Midwestern United States and Plains from May to August, 1851. Hardest hit was the State of Iowa, with significant flooding extending to the Lower Mississippi River basin. Historical evidence suggest flooding occurred in the eastern Plains, from Nebraska to the Red River basin, but these areas were sparsely settled in 1851. Heavy rainfall also occurred in the Ohio River basin.

Des Moines River
The Des Moines River (/dəˈmɔɪn/ ⓘ) is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the upper Midwestern United States that is approximately 525 miles (845 km) long from its farther headwaters. The largest river flowing across the state of Iowa, it rises in southern Minnesota and flows across Iowa from northwest to southeast, passing from the glaciated plains into the unglaciated hills, transitioning near the capital city of Des Moines in the center of the state. The river continues to flow in a southeastern direction away from Des Moines, flowing directly into the Mississippi River. The Des Moines River forms a short portion of Iowa's border with Missouri between Lee County, Iowa and Clark County, Missouri.

The city of Des Moines, Iowa, was named for the river.