hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rutgers University Debate Union
The Rutgers University Debate Union (RUDU) is Rutgers University's intercollegiate debate team. Re-founded in 2001, the Union's roots extend back to the 18th century literary societies that existed at Rutgers (then Queen's College). There have also been the tradition of King's-Queen's Debates with Columbia University (then King's College) when Rutgers was known under its founding name of Queen's College.

RUDU currently competes on the American Parliamentary Debate Association (APDA) circuit, in which it has placed in the top ten for the majority of the past decade. Among other accomplishments, RUDU members have been APDA National Championship finalists and APDA Team of the Year (TOTY) winners.

American Parliamentary Debate Association
The American Parliamentary Debate Association (APDA) is the oldest intercollegiate parliamentary debating association in the United States.  APDA sponsors over 50 tournaments a year, all in a parliamentary format, as well as a national championship in late April.  It also administers the North American Debating Championship with the Canadian University Society for Intercollegiate Debate (CUSID) every year in January. Although it is mainly funded by its member universities, APDA is an entirely student-run organization.
Ashover Light Railway
The Ashover Light Railway was a 1 ft 11+1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge railway in Derbyshire, England that connected Clay Cross and Ashover. It was built by the Clay Cross Company to transport minerals such as limestone, fluorite, barytes and gritstone to its works at Clay Cross and for transport around the country by the LMS.

Clay Cross
Clay Cross is a town and a civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. It is a former industrial and mining town, about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Chesterfield. 
It is directly on the A61. Surrounding settlements include North Wingfield, Tupton, Pilsley and Ashover.
Regular 4-polytope
In mathematics, a regular 4-polytope or regular polychoron is a regular four-dimensional polytope. They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions.

There are six convex and ten star regular 4-polytopes, giving a total of sixteen.

Pentagram
A pentagram (sometimes known as a pentalpha, pentangle, or star pentagon) is a regular five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex (or simple, or non-self-intersecting) regular pentagon. Drawing a circle around the five points creates a similar symbol referred to as the pentacle, which is used widely by Wiccans and in paganism, or as a sign of life and connections.

The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line".
The word pentagram refers to just the star and the word pentacle refers to the star within a circle, although there is some overlap in usage. The word pentalpha is a 17th-century revival of a post-classical Greek name of the shape.
Athabasca Falls
Athabasca Falls is a waterfall in Jasper National Park on the upper Athabasca River, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the townsite of Jasper, Alberta, Canada, and just west of the Icefields Parkway.

Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, in Alberta, Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains, spanning 11,000 km2 (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as a national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton. The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains.
Fredegund
Fredegund or Fredegunda (Latin: Fredegundis; French: Frédégonde; born c. 543, died 8 December 597) was the queen consort of Chilperic I, the Merovingian Frankish king of Neustria. Fredegund served as regent during the minority of her son Chlothar II from 584 until 597.

Fredegund has traditionally been given a rather poor reputation, foremost by the accounts of Gregory of Tours, who depicts her as ruthlessly murderous and sadistically cruel, and she is known for the many stories of her cruelty, particularly for her long feud with her sister-in-law queen Brunhilda of Austrasia.

Guntram
Saint Gontrand (c. 532 in Soissons – 28 March 592 in Chalon-sur-Saône), also called Gontran, Gontram, Guntram, Gunthram, Gunthchramn, and Guntramnus, was the king of the Kingdom of Orléans from AD 561 to AD 592. He was the third-eldest and second-eldest-surviving son of Chlothar I and Ingunda. On his father's death in 561, he became king of a fourth of the Kingdom of the Franks, and made his capital at Orléans. The name "Gontrand" denotes "War Raven".
Molecular nanotechnology
Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis. This is distinct from nanoscale materials.

Based on Richard Feynman's vision of miniature factories using nanomachines to build complex products (including additional nanomachines), this advanced form of nanotechnology (or molecular manufacturing) would make use of positionally-controlled mechanosynthesis guided by molecular machine systems.

MNT would involve combining physical principles demonstrated by biophysics, chemistry, other nanotechnologies, and the molecular machinery of life, with the systems engineering principles found in modern macroscale factories.

Engines of Creation
Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology is a 1986 molecular nanotechnology book written by K. Eric Drexler with a foreword by Marvin Minsky. An updated version was released in 2007.   The book has been translated into Japanese, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and Chinese.
Rosendal, Norway
Rosendal is the administrative centre of Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  The village is located on the southern shore of the Hardangerfjorden, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north of the village of Dimmelsvik and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) straight west of the vast Folgefonna glacier which sits inside the nearby Folgefonna National Park. The village is especially known for the Barony Rosendal, a historic estate located in the village. Kvinnherad Church is also located in this village.

The 1.18-square-kilometre (290-acre) village has a population (2025) of 877 and a population density of 743 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,920/sq mi). The economy of the village is centered on agriculture, ship building, and tourism.

The shipbuilder Skaalurens Skibsbyggeri was established in Rosendal in 1855. The newspaper Grenda is published in Rosendal.

Grenda (newspaper)
Grenda (Nynorsk for 'The Hamlet') is a local Norwegian newspaper, covering events in Kvinnherad Municipality in Vestland county.

Grenda is published in Nynorsk. The editorial board is based in Rosendal, and in 2005 it consisted of seven people. Its offices are located at Skålagato 36 in Rosendal. The newspaper Sunnhordland prints Grenda in Stord.

Grenda was established in 1951 by Olav Aurvold, who was later succeeded by Knut Hass as owner and editor. In turn, Hass sold the newspaper in 2000. The current editor is Håvard Sætrevik.
PSFC Chernomorets Burgas
PSFC Chernomorets Burgas (Bulgarian: ПСФК Черноморец Бургас) or simply Chernomorets (Bulgarian: Черноморец) was a Bulgarian football club from the city of Burgas. The club never won any major competition, its most notable achievement being a second-place finish in the UEFA Intertoto Cup competition in 2008.

The club was founded in 2005, following the folding of the historical FC Chernomorets Burgas, which played numerous seasons in the first tier of Bulgarian football. The new Chernomorets quickly ascended to the first tier and remained there until the 2013–14 season. Financial problems followed, which led to instability and relegations to lower leagues, ultimately to the fifth tier, where the team played last in 2018–19, before being dissolved. Fans and former players from the original club founded FC Chernomorets 1919 Burgas as the successor of the club.

Krasimir Balakov
Krasimir Genchev Balakov (Bulgarian: Красимир Генчев Балъков, pronounced [krɐsiˈmir bɐˈɫɤkof]; born 29 March 1966) is a former Bulgarian footballer and manager. A former attacking midfielder, he was a key member of the Bulgaria national team that finished fourth in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He is considered as second only to Hristo Stoichkov among Bulgarian men's footballers of his generation.
Type I supergravity
In supersymmetry, type I supergravity is the theory of supergravity in ten dimensions with a single supercharge. It consists of a single supergravity multiplet and a single Yang–Mills multiplet. The full non-abelian action was first derived in 1983 by George Chapline and Nicholas Manton. Classically the theory can admit any gauge group, but a consistent quantum theory resulting in anomaly cancellation only exists if the gauge group is either  or . Both these supergravities are realised as the low-energy limits of string theories, in particular of type I string theory and of the two heterotic string theories.

Supergravity
In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory of local supersymmetry. Since the supersymmetry (SUSY) generators form together with the Poincaré algebra and superalgebra, called the super-Poincaré algebra, supersymmetry as a gauge theory makes gravity arise in a natural way.
De Vries (crater)
De Vries is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon relative to the Earth. It lies about midway between the craters Racah to the north-northwest and Orlov to the south-southeast. An nameless walled plain lies between De Vries and Orlov, with the perimeter of this feature joining the two rims.

This crater is not significantly eroded, although a small crater is attached to the exterior of the northern rim. Within the somewhat interior floor is a broad central rise offset just to the northeast of the midpoint.

Orlov (crater)
Orlov is a lunar impact crater. It is located on the Moon's far side, to the northeast of the larger crater Leeuwenhoek. To the north-northwest of Orlov is De Vries, and to the east-southeast is Rumford.

This crater lies between two larger satellite craters. Orlov Y is attached to the northern rim, and Leeuwenhoek E is connected along the southwest. The latter is also the location of an outward bulge in the rim of Orlov, giving it a wider interior wall along that side. There is some terracing along the eastern inner wall of Orlov. Orlov D, an oval-shaped crater, is attached to the outer rim along the northeast.

The interior floor of Orlov is relatively level with a central ridge formation located near the midpoint. There are some small craters along the extended inner wall to the southwest.
Hartford, Vermont
Hartford is a town in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is on the New Hampshire border, at the intersection of Interstates 89 and 91. It is the site of the confluence of the White and Connecticut rivers; the Ottauquechee River also flows through the town. The town is composed of five unincorporated villages: Hartford, Quechee, West Hartford, White River Junction and Wilder. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,686.

West Hartford, Vermont
West Hartford is an unincorporated community village in the town of Hartford, Windsor County, Vermont, United States. It is one of Hartford's five villages, situated on the White River and crossed by the Appalachian Trail.

West Hartford no longer has a post office, but still has a local library, and a town park. The White River, is a nearby fishing site. The village's center is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the West Hartford Village Historic District.
Listed buildings in Pattingham and Patshull
Pattingham and Patshull is a civil parish in the district of South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England.  It contains 48 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, six are at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade.  The parish contains the villages of Pattingham and Burnhill Green and the surrounding area.  A large part of the parish is occupied by Patshull Park, the estate of Patshull Hall.  The hall is listed, together with associated structures and items in the park.  The other listed buildings include houses and cottages, farmhouses and farm buildings, churches and associated structures, including memorials in the churchyard, a public house, a former eel trap, a windmill converted into a house, and a memorial hall.

Pattingham
Pattingham is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Pattingham and Patshull, in the South Staffordshire district, in the county of Staffordshire, England, near the county boundary with Shropshire. Pattingham is seven miles west of Wolverhampton and seven and a half miles east of Bridgnorth. In 2021 it had a population of 1773.
Lensovet Theatre
Lensovet Theatre, officially Saint Petersburg State Academic Lensoviet Theatre (in Russian: Санкт-Петербургский академический театр имении Ленсовета, literally St Petersburg Academic Theater of the Leningrad City Council), also known as Lensovet Academic Theatre and Lensoviet Theatre, is a theatre and theatrical troupe in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Boris Sushkevich
Boris Mikhaylovich Sushkevich (Russian: Борис Михайлович Сушкевич, 7 February 1887 — 10 July 1946) was a St. Petersburg-born Russian, Soviet actor, theatre director and reader in drama, honoured with the titles Meritorious Artist of RSFSR (1933) and People's Artist of RSFSR (1944).
Chris-Craft Corporation
Chris-Craft Corporation is an American manufacturer of recreational powerboats that is based in Sarasota, Florida. Since June 4, 2018, the company has been owned by Winnebago Industries, an American manufacturer of recreational vehicles.

Chris-Craft Corporation is at least the fourth iteration of the boat building company. The original company, Chris-Craft Boats, was founded in the late 19th century by Christopher Columbus Smith (1861–1939) in Michigan. It became famous for its mahogany-hulled powerboats from the 1920s through the 1950s. It was succeeded by Chris-Craft Industries and then Murray Chris-Craft before becoming Chris-Craft Corporation.

Chris-Craft Industries
Chris-Craft Industries, Inc., formerly National Automotive Fibers, Inc., was a publicly held American corporation that was traded on the New York and Pacific Stock Exchanges. In 1962, the company adopted the name of one of its acquisitions, Chris-Craft Boats, which was founded in the late 19th century and became famous for mahogany-hulled powerboats in the 1920s through the 1950s. Chris-Craft Industries also went into broadcasting, owning television stations via its subsidiary BHC Communications and co-founding the UPN TV network.
Luxembourg men's national under-20 basketball team
The Luxembourg men's national under-20 basketball team is a national basketball team of Luxembourg, administered by the Luxembourg Basketball Federation. It represents the country in international men's under-20 basketball competitions.

Luxembourg Basketball Federation
The Luxembourg Basketball Federation (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerger basketballfederatioun, French: Fédération Luxembourgeoise de Basketball, German: Luxemburger Basketballföderation) also known as FLBB, is the governing body of basketball in Luxembourg. It was founded in 1934, and became members of FIBA in 1946.

The Luxembourg Basketball Federation operates the Luxembourg men's national team and Luxembourg women's national team. They organise national competitions in Luxembourg, for both the men's and women's senior teams and also the youth national basketball teams.

The top professional league in Luxembourg is the Total League.
Loxospora septata
Loxospora septata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Sarrameanaceae. It was first formally described as a new species in 1991 by Harrie Sipman and André Aptroot as Sarrameana septata The type was collected in Mt. Gahavisuki Provincial Park, in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. Here it was found growing on bark at an altitude of 2,300 m (7,500 ft). Gintaras Kantvilas transferred the taxon to  Loxospora in 2000, as he thought several characteristics of the lichen made it a better fit for this genus. These include: the presence of thamnolic acid in the thallus, the structure of the apothecia, the sparse branching of the paraphyses, and the absence of oil droplets in the hymenium.

Loxospora
Loxospora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Sarrameanaceae. The genus was established in 1852 by the Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo and originally included species now placed in other genera. Molecular phylogenetics studies have revealed that several species previously assigned to Loxospora actually belong to a separate lineage, leading to the creation of the new genus Chicitaea in 2024. These lichens form crusty growths on bark and rock surfaces, with some species producing powdery reproductive structures whilst others develop disc-shaped fruiting bodies.
1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship of 1944 was the 58th staging of Ireland's premier hurling knock-out competition. Cork won the championship, beating Dublin 2–13 to 1–2 in the final at Croke Park, Dublin.

1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final
The 1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was the 57th All-Ireland Final and the culmination of the 1944 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, an inter-county hurling tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The match was held at Croke Park, Dublin, on 3 September 1944, between Cork and Dublin. The Leinster champions lost to their Munster opponents on a score line of 2–13 to 1–2.

This was Cork's fourth All-Ireland title in succession.
Walker, Michigan
Walker is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. A suburb of Grand Rapids, Walker borders the city to the north and west. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 25,132.

Walker was originally organized as Walker Township in 1837 and later incorporated as a city in 1962. It is home to the headquarters of Meijer and Bissell.

Kent County, Michigan
Kent County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 657,974, making it the fourth most populous county in Michigan, and the largest outside of the Detroit area. Its county seat is Grand Rapids. The county was set off in 1831, and organized in 1836. It is named for New York jurist and legal scholar James Kent, who represented the Michigan Territory in its dispute with Ohio over the Toledo Strip.

Kent County is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is West Michigan's economic and manufacturing center. It is home of the Frederik Meijer Gardens, a significant cultural landmark of the Midwest. The Gerald R. Ford International Airport is the county's primary location for regional and international airline traffic.
W. H. Ravenscroft
William Henry Ravenscroft, CMG (11 January 1843 – 29 May 1890) was the 18th Auditor General and Accountant General and Controller of Revenue of Ceylon.

He was born the son of Henry William Ravenscroft of London. He served in the Commissariat Department of the Army from 1861 to 1874 and as Auditor-General for Griqualand West in 1876.

He was appointed Auditor General of Ceylon on 23 May 1877, succeeding C. A. D. Barclay, and held the office until his death in 1890, when he was succeeded by G. T. M. O'Brien.

He died in Ceylon in 1890. He had married Edith Elizabeth Fox and had 2 sons and a daughter.

George Thomas Michael O'Brien
Sir George Thomas Michael O'Brien KCMG (Chinese: 柯布連) (5 November 1844 – 12 April 1906) was a British colonial official who served as Colonial Secretary of Hong Kong from 1892 to 1895, and as Governor of Fiji and High Commissioner for the Western Pacific from 1897 to June 1901.
Udon Thani province
Udon Thani province (Thai/Northeastern Thai: อุดรธานี, Thai pronunciation: [ʔù.dɔ̄ːn tʰāː.nīː], Lao pronunciation: [ʔú.dɔ̀ːn tʰáː.níː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) which lies in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. It is bordered by the provinces of Nong Khai to the north, Sakon Nakhon to the east, Kalasin province to the southeast, Khon Kaen to the south, and Loei and Nong Bua Lamphu to the west. It occupies an area of 11,072 km2 (4,275 sq mi). The total forest area is 1,131 km2 (437 sq mi) or 10.2 percent of provincial area. The provincial capital is Udon Thani, the major city in the province.

Sakon Nakhon province
Sakon Nakhon (Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn]; Northeastern Thai: สกลนคร, pronounced [sā.kōn nà(ʔ).kʰɔ̂ːn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper Northeastern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nong Khai, Bueng Kan, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, Kalasin, and Udon Thani. Its capital is Sakon Nakhon.
Leslie Barns
Leslie Barns is a streetcar maintenance and storage facility at the southeast corner of Leslie Street and Lake Shore Boulevard in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has been built to house and service the majority of Toronto Transit Commission's fleet of Flexity Outlook light rail vehicles.

Russell Carhouse
The Russell Carhouse, located at Queen Street East and Connaught Avenue just east of Greenwood Avenue in Toronto, is the Toronto Transit Commission's second oldest carhouse.

Russell Carhouse used to store and maintain high-floor streetcars which have all been retired from service. It is currently used to store and dispatch a small number of low-floor streetcars. The carhouse has not yet been adapted to maintain low-floor streetcars, but the TTC plans to renovate the carhouse to do so.
Jonti Picking
Jonathan "Jonti" Picking (born 17 May 1975), also known as Weebl and Mr Weebl, is a British Internet personality and Flash animator and is the creator of Weebl's Stuff.

His animations are known for repetitive melodies and surreal dialogue; the majority feature a catchy tune with silly lyrics, paired with a looping animation. He does most of the voices in his animations himself, and several feature himself in live action, including "Haricots Verts", "Chutney", "Boogie", "CAMRA", "Stock Market", "We Are Mature", "Tangerine" the Weebl and Bob episodes "DJ" and "Safety", the fourth On The Moon episode, and "Jazzmas". He has also worked with other animators on YouTube, such as Edd Gould in the video "Nuts (feat. MrWeebl)".

Anchor (brand)
Anchor is a brand of dairy products that was founded in New Zealand in 1886, and is one of the key brands owned by the New Zealand–based international exporter Fonterra Co-operative Group. In Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan, Fonterra uses the Fernleaf brand instead of Anchor.