hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swisher County, Texas
Swisher County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,971. Its county seat is Tulia. The county was created in 1876 and later organized in 1890. It is named for James G. Swisher, a soldier of the Texas Revolution and signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

At one time, the large JA Ranch, founded by Charles Goodnight and John George Adair, and later owned by Goodnight and Cornelia Adair, reached into six counties, including Swisher.

Hale County, Texas
Hale County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 32,522. Its county seat is Plainview. The county was created in 1876 and organized in 1888. It is named for Lt. John C. Hale, a hero of the Battle of San Jacinto.

Hale County comprises the Plainview, Texas micropolitan statistical area.
Junior Witter
Junior Witter (born 10 March 1974) is a British former world champion professional boxer who competed from 1997 to 2015. He held the WBC light welterweight world title from 2006 to 2008 and challenged once for the IBF light welterweight title in 2000. At regional level, he held the British and Commonwealth light welterweight title from 2002 to 2005; the EBU European Union light welterweight title in 2003; and the EBU European light welterweight title from 2004 to 2005; and the British welterweight title in 2012. Witter is Bradford's first World Boxing Champion.

Zab Judah
Zabdiel Judah (born October 27, 1977) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2019. He held multiple world championships in two weight classes, including the undisputed championship at welterweight in 2005, and the lineal championship from 2005 to 2006. He also held the International Boxing Federation (IBF) and World Boxing Organization (WBO) junior welterweight titles between 2000 and 2004, and the IBF title again in 2011. Judah's career ended in 2019 when he was hospitalized after suffering a brain bleed in a stoppage loss to Cletus Seldin.
Francestown Meetinghouse
The Francestown Meetinghouse is a historic meeting house on Route 136 in the center of Francestown, New Hampshire. The white clapboarded building was built c. 1801–03, and rebuilt in 1837, at which time it received its Greek Revival styling. It was used as a church until 1987, and for town meetings until 1833. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It is now managed by a nonprofit as a community resource.

Francestown, New Hampshire
Francestown is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,610 at the 2020 census. The village of Francestown, population 201 in 2020, is in the center of the town.
Outliers ratio
In objective video quality assessment, the outliers ratio (OR) is a measure of the performance of an objective video quality metric. It is the ratio of "false" scores given by the objective metric to the total number of scores.  The "false" scores are the scores that lie outside the interval

where MOS is the mean opinion score and σ is the standard deviation of the MOS.

Video quality
Video quality is a characteristic of a video passed through a video transmission or processing system that describes perceived video degradation (typically compared to the original video). Video processing systems may introduce some amount of distortion or artifacts in the video signal that negatively impact the user's perception of the system. For many stakeholders in video production and distribution, ensuring video quality is an important task.

Video quality evaluation is performed to describe the quality of a set of video sequences under study. Video quality can be evaluated objectively (by mathematical models) or subjectively (by asking users for their rating). Also, the quality of a system can be determined offline (i.e., in a laboratory setting for developing new codecs or services) or in-service (to monitor and ensure a certain level of quality).
Liverpool Exchange railway station
Liverpool Exchange was a railway station located in the city centre of Liverpool, England. Of the four terminus stations in the city, Exchange was the only not accessed via a tunnel.

The station was damaged during World War II and lost a proportion of the trainshed roof, which was never rebuilt. The station's long-distance services were switched to Liverpool Lime Street in the 1960s, and, as a terminus, the station became redundant in the late 1970s, when its remaining local services switched to the newly opened Merseyrail tunnels under Liverpool city centre. It was closed in 1977, being replaced by the new Moorfields underground station nearby.

Aintree railway station
Aintree railway station is a railway station that serves the village of Aintree, Merseyside, England.  It is on the Ormskirk branch of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line.  Until 1968 it was known as Aintree Sefton Arms after a nearby public house. The station's design reflects that it is the closest station to Aintree Racecourse, where the annual Grand National horse race takes place.
Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha
The Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha (code 3108) is one of the 13 intermediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 134 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.

It comprises 82 municipalities, distributed in 10 immediate geographic regions:

Immediate Geographic Region of Varginha.

Immediate Geographic Region of Passos.

Immediate Geographic Region of Alfenas.

Immediate Geographic Region of Lavras.

Immediate Geographic Region of Piumhi.

Immediate Geographic Region of Campo Belo.

Immediate Geographic Region of Guaxupé.

Immediate Geographic Region of Três Corações.

Immediate Geographic Region of São Sebastião do Paraíso.

Immediate Geographic Region of Três Pontas-Boa Esperança.

Immediate Geographic Region of Passos
The Immediate Geographic Region of Passos is one of the 10 immediate geographic regions in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha, one of the 70 immediate geographic regions in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais and one of the 509 of Brazil, created by the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2017.
Altandhu
Altandhu is a small hamlet, overlooking the sea loch, Loch an Alltain Duibh to the west, on the western shore of the Rubha Mor Peninsula, in the Achiltibuie area, in Ullapool, Ross-shire, Scotland, within the Scottish council area of Highland.

Altandhu lies 3 miles (5 kilometres) southeast of Reiff, 2 miles (3 kilometres) northwest of Polbain and about 6 miles (10 kilometres) from the main village of Achiltibuie along the coast road to the east.

Despite its relatively small size, there are a number of interesting local attractions, including the Am Fuaran bar, and Port Beag Chalets. 2011 film The Eagle filmed on location amongst the landscapes surrounding Alandhu, including Achnahaird Bay.

Reiff, Ross-shire
Reiff is a small remote coastal crofting and fishing village, situated on Reiff Bay on the Ruhba Mòr peninsula, in western Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland.

Reiff is located 3 miles (5 kilometres) northwest of Altandhu and 6 miles (10 kilometres) northwest of Polbain.
Il Galateo
Galateo: The Rules of Polite Behavior (Il Galateo, overo de' costumi) by Florentine Giovanni della Casa (1503–56) was published in Venice in 1558. A guide to what one should do and avoid in ordinary social life, this courtesy book of the Renaissance explores subjects such as dress, table manners, and conversation. It became so popular that the title, which refers to the name of one of the author’s distinguished friends, entered into the Italian language as a general term for social etiquette.

Della Casa did not live to see his manuscript’s widespread and lasting success, which arrived shortly after its publication. It was translated into French (1562), English (1576), Latin (1580), Spanish (1585), and German (1587), and has been read and studied in every generation.  Della Casa's work set the foundation for modern etiquette writers and authorities on manners, such as “Miss Manners” Judith Martin, Amy Vanderbilt, and Emily Post.

Courtesy book
A courtesy book (also book of manners) was a didactic manual of knowledge for courtiers to handle matters of etiquette, socially acceptable behaviour, and personal morals, with an especial emphasis upon life in a royal court; the genre of courtesy literature dates from the 13th century.
Myrceugenia
Myrceugenia is a genus of evergreen woody flowering trees and shrubs belonging to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, first described as a genus in 1855. The genus is native to South America from central Brazil to southern Chile. It is closely related to the genus Luma; some botanists include Myrceugenia in that genus.

Myrceugenia schulzei is endemic to Alejandro Selkirk Island in the Juan Fernández Islands, located  in the Pacific Ocean west of the Chilean coast. Nothomyrcia fernandeziana, which is endemic to nearby Robinson Crusoe Island, was formerly placed in Myrceugenia but is now considered the sole species of genus Northomyrcia. Both are prominent trees in the lowland and lower montane forests of the islands.

Luma (plant)
Luma is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, described as a genus in 1853. It is native to the Valdivian temperate rain forests of Chile and Argentina.

They are shrubs or small trees with evergreen foliage and smooth red or orange bark, typically reaching 10–20 m (33–66 ft) tall and up to 1 m (3 ft) in trunk diameter. The leaves are opposite, oval, 1–5 cm (0.4–2.0 in) long and 0.5–3 cm (0.2–1.2 in) broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The flowers are 2 cm (0.8 in) diameter with four white petals and numerous stamens; the fruit is a small purple or black berry 1 cm (0.4 in) diameter.

The genus name derives from the Mapuche (Native American) name for a related species, Amomyrtus luma. Though it grows slowly, luma wood is very dense and durable.
AD Ceuta
Asociación Deportiva Ceuta was a Spanish football team based in the autonomous city of Ceuta. Founded in 1996, its last season was 2011–12 in Segunda División B, holding home matches at Estadio Alfonso Murube, with a capacity of 6,500.

AD Ceuta FC
Agrupación Deportiva Ceuta Fútbol Club is a Spanish football club based in the autonomous city of Ceuta. Founded in 1956, it plays in Segunda División, the second tier of Spanish football league system.
Legoland California
Legoland California Resort is a theme park in Carlsbad, California, United States, about 35 miles north of San Diego. Opening on March 20, 1999, it was the first Legoland park to open outside of Europe. It has over 60 rides, shows, and attractions, plus a water park, an aquarium and two hotels. The park is currently owned by Merlin Entertainments, which took a controlling interest in 2005. The second park in the United States is Legoland Florida, which opened in 2011. A third park, Legoland New York, opened in May 2021.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
Azerbaijani nationalism
Azerbaijani nationalism (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan milliyətçiliyi), also referred to as Azerbaijanism (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycançılıq) originated as a result of the Pan-Turkist agenda expressed during the October Revolution and historiography under the Soviet Union.

Azerbaijani nationalism is characterized by irredentist and expansionist territorial claims to regions in Iran, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Armenia.

Anti-Iranian sentiment in Azerbaijan
Anti-Iranian sentiment in Azerbaijan dates back to 1918 when the first Azerbaijani nation was emerging under a pan-Turkist ideology. From thenceforward, political elites with pan-Turkist-oriented sentiments in the area that comprises the present-day Azerbaijan Republic have depended on the concept of ethnic nationalism to create an anti-Iranian sense of ethnicity among Iranian Azerbaijanis. Azerbaijan's post-Soviet national identity is strongly anti-Iranian and primarily Turkocentric. It has been built in various ways to oppose Iran as "the other," not just as a country but also as a culture and historical entity. Nowadays, being Azerbaijani means rejecting any ties to Iran. The belief that Azerbaijanis have been and continue to be victims of Iranians (and Armenians) is planted in children through state-sponsored propaganda and brainwashing in schools.
Richard Atcherley
Air Marshal Sir Richard Llewellyn Roger Atcherley, KBE, CB, AFC & Bar (12 January 1904 – 18 April 1970) was a senior Royal Air Force officer. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Pakistan Air Force from 1949 to 1951.
His final appointment before retiring from the RAF was Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Flying Training Command.

Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy
The Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy (RAFOTA) formerly known as the Royal Air Force College (RAFC) is the Royal Air Force academy which provides initial training to all RAF personnel who are preparing to become commissioned officers. The College also provides initial training to aircrew cadets and is responsible for all RAF recruiting along with officer and aircrew selection. Originally established as a naval aviation training centre during World War I, the College was established as the world's first air academy in 1919. During World War II, the College was closed and its facilities were used as a flying training school. Reopening after the War, the College absorbed the Royal Air Force Technical College in 1966.

The Royal Air Force College is based at RAF Cranwell near Sleaford in Lincolnshire, and is sometimes titled as the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.
Yugu Pavilion
Yugu Pavilion (Yugu Tai) (Chinese: 郁孤台) is located on Helan Hill (贺兰山) (also named: Tianluo Hill, 田螺岭) in the north of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, China. It is among the list of Provincial-Level Scenic and Historic Interest Area of Jiangxi.

Ganzhou
Ganzhou (Chinese: 赣州; pinyin: Gànzhōu), alternately romanized as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. Its administrative seat is at Zhanggong District.
Clemenstorget
Clemenstorget is a public square in Lund, Sweden. It is located about 100 metres to the northeast of Lund Central railway station and is one of the largest squares in the city. Clemenstorget is known for its market activity, most of all flea markets.

Lund
Lund (/lʊnd/, US also /lʌnd/ LU(U)ND; Swedish: [ˈlɵnːd] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town had 94,393 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 130,288 as of 2023. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Scania County. The Öresund Region, which includes Lund, is home to more than 4.2 million people.

Archeologists date the founding of Lund to around 990, when Scania was part of Denmark. From 1103 it was the seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of Lund, and the towering Lund Cathedral, built c. 1090–1145, still stands at the centre of the town. Denmark ceded the city to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658.

Lund University, established in 1666, is one of Scandinavia's oldest and largest institutions for education and research.  The university and its buildings dominate much of the centre of the city, and have led to Lund becoming a regional centre for high-tech industry.
Teufelsberg
Teufelsberg (German: [ˈtɔʏfl̩sbɛʁk] ⓘ; German for Devil's Hill) is a non-natural hill in Berlin, Germany, in the Grunewald locality of former West Berlin. It rises about 80 metres (260 ft) above the surrounding Teltow plateau and 120.1 metres (394 ft) above the sea level, in the north of Berlin's Grunewald Forest. It was named after the Teufelssee (Devil's Lake) in its southerly vicinity.  The hill is made of debris and rubble, and covers an unfinished Nazi military-technical college (Wehrtechnische Fakultät).  During the Cold War, there was a U.S. listening station on the hill, Field Station Berlin. The site of the former field station is now fenced off and is currently being managed by an organisation which charges 12 euros for public access.

Listening station
A radio listening station (also: listening post, radio intercept station or wireless intercept station, W/T station for wireless telegraphy) is a facility used for military reconnaissance, especially telecommunications reconnaissance (also known as signals intelligence SIGINT) by "intercepting" radio transmitter communications. In contrast to the original eavesdropping on an acoustic speech conversation, radio eavesdropping stations are used to eavesdrop on the information transmitted wirelessly using radio technology. For this purpose, highly sensitive radio receivers and suitable receiving antennas are used (see images).
Persecution of Hazaras in Quetta
Hazaras have experienced a series of ethnically or religiously motivated attacks in Quetta, Pakistan.

Terrorist organisations like Lashkar-e-Jhangvi or Lashkar-e-Taiba have often accepted responsibility for conducting attacks on Hazaras in Pakistan.

Hazaras have been living in Afghanistan before the partition of India since the 1880s. Almost all migrated from Afghanistan due to persecution and genocide by Abdur Rahman Khan and later in the 1990s due to ethnic cleansing by the Afghan Taliban. The Hazaras are easily identifiable because of their Turko-Mongol facial features and high cheek bones.

2011 Mastung bus shooting
The 2011 Mastung bus shooting was an armed attack on 20 September 2011 on a bus traveling in Mastung District near the city of Quetta in the Pakistani province of Balochistan. The attack left at least 26 people dead. The victims were Shi'a Muslim pilgrims of the Hazara community, suggesting the attack to be a sectarian targeted killing. The attack occurred in Luck Pass area near Mastung. The bus was leaving Quetta for Taftan, Balochistan. In addition, two other peoplw others were killed in a follow-up attack on a car on its way to rescue the survivors of the bus attack, which raised the death toll to 28 on that day.

Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, a Sunni extremist Pakistani militant group designated as a terrorist organization by Pakistan and the United States claimed responsibility for the attack.
Steve McNiven
Steven McNiven is a Canadian comic book artist. He first gained prominence on CrossGen's Meridian, before moving onto books such as Ultimate Secret, Marvel Knights 4, New Avengers, and Civil War, illustrating storylines such as "Old Man Logan."

Nemesis (Icon Comics)
Millar & McNiven's Nemesis is a creator-owned comic book limited series written by Mark Millar, drawn by Steve McNiven and published by the Icon Comics imprint of Marvel Comics.

Two Image Comics-published sequels followed: Nemesis: Reloaded, and Big Game (both 2023), along with two further Dark Horse Comics-published sequels, Nemesis: Rogues' Gallery (2024–2025) and Nemesis: Forever (2025–2026).
Contoocook, New Hampshire
Contoocook (/kənˈtʊkək/ ⓘ) is a village and census-designated place (CDP) within the town of Hopkinton in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,427 at the 2020 census. Contoocook is well known for its growth of small businesses, preservation of historical landmarks, community involvement and recreational activities within the village.

Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Merrimack County is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 153,808, making it the third most populous county in New Hampshire. Its county seat is Concord, the state capital. The county was organized in 1823 from parts of Hillsborough and Rockingham counties, and is named for the Merrimack River. Merrimack County comprises the Concord, NH Micropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn constitutes a portion of the Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA–RI–NH–CT Combined Statistical Area. In 2010, the center of population of New Hampshire was located in Merrimack County, in the town of Pembroke.
Čížek
Čížek (feminine: Čížková) is a Czech surname. The surname translates as 'siskin', but it is also a diminutive of the surname Číž. Notable people with the surname include:

Andy Cizek (born 1992), American singer

Bohuš Čížek (1913–1989), Czech painter, illustrator and lecturer

Franz Cižek (born František Čížek; 1865–1946), Czech-Austrian painter and teacher

Karel Čížek (1892–1948), Czech rower

Katerina Cizek (born 1969), Canadian filmmaker

Martin Čížek (born 1974), Czech footballer

Roy Cizek (1943–1993), American inventor

Tomáš Čížek (born 1978), Czech footballer

Václav Čížek (born 1989), Czech ice hockey player

Zuzana Čížková (born 1982), Czech sculptor and painter

Číž (surname)
Číž (feminine: Čížová) is a Czech and Slovak surname. It refers to the Eurasian siskin (Spinus spinus). A diminutive form of the surname is Čížek. The surname is also related to the Polish cognate Czyż and to the Belarusian cognate Chyzh. Notable people with this surname include:

Adam Číž (born 1991), Czech basketball player

Miroslav Číž (1954–2022), Slovak politician
Lensch-Cunow-Haenisch group
The Lensch-Cunow-Haenisch group was a political faction within the Social Democratic Party of Germany founded in 1915 by anti-revisionist Marxists who despite previously opposing participation in the First World War now supported it. Its name comes from the three principal protagonists: Paul Lensch, Heinrich Cunow and Konrad Haenisch. They followed the initiative of Parvus in advocating a German victory as a positive step for international social democracy. They mobilised Marxist arguments behind the war effort.

In 1907 Parvus had been a critic of German imperialism, publishing Colonial Policy and the Breakdown during the 1907 German federal election, often referred to as the Hottentot Election.

Konrad Haenisch
Benno Fritz Paul Alexander Konrad Haenisch (13 March 1876 – 28 April 1925) was a German Social Democratic Party politician and part of "the radical Marxist Left" of German politics. He was a friend and follower (Parvulus in his own words) of Alexander Parvus.
New Zealand top 50 albums of 2018
This is a list of the top-selling albums in New Zealand for 2018 from the Official New Zealand Music Chart's end-of-year chart, compiled by Recorded Music NZ. Recorded Music NZ also published a list for the top 20 albums released by New Zealand artists.

Official Aotearoa Music Charts
The Official Aotearoa Music Charts, formerly the Official New Zealand Music Chart (Māori: Te Papa Tātai Waiata Matua o Aotearoa), is the weekly New Zealand top 40 singles and albums charts, issued weekly by Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand). The Music Chart also includes the top 40 Hot Singles chart, the top 20 New Zealand artist singles and albums, the top 20 Hot New Zealand singles, and top 10 compilation albums. All charts are compiled from data of both physical and digital sales from music retailers in New Zealand.

The chart also publishes gold and platinum certifications of albums and singles, according to thresholds set by Recorded Music NZ, through the database on radioscope.net.nz.