hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mills Hill railway station
Mills Hill railway station is in the Mills Hill area of Middleton in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. The station is 5¾ miles (9 km) north of Manchester Victoria on the Caldervale Line. Mills Hill lies on Middleton's common boundary with Chadderton, and thus serves both communities.

During the temporary closure of the Oldham Loop line for its conversion to Metrolink light rail (2009–12) the station acted as an informal railhead for much of the borough of Oldham.

With an annual patronage of 314,000 entries and exits per year Mills Hill station is the second busiest unstaffed railway station within Transport for Greater Manchester's area. It is due to this fact that TfGM are pushing for funding to be made available to improve accessibility at the station for disabled passengers. The station is second only to Greenfield Railway Station on the prioritized list for this funding.

Mills Hill
Mills Hill is an industrial and residential area that lies on the common border of Middleton and  Chadderton in Greater Manchester, England. It lies 1.3 miles east of Middleton town centre and 1.4 miles to the west of central Chadderton. It is contiguous with Middleton Junction, Moorclose, Firwood Park and Chadderton Park. Mills Hill lies along the course of the Rochdale Canal and the River Irk.
Liberal Union (Netherlands)
The Liberal Union (Dutch: Liberale Unie) was a conservative liberal and progressive liberal political party  in the Netherlands. A major party in its time, the Liberals were one of the historic predecessors of the Liberal State Party, and therefore of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.

1905 Dutch general election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 16 June 1905, with a second round in some constituencies on 28 June. The General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations and the Liberal Union emerged as the largest party, winning each 25 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.
Five Ws
The Five Ws is a list of 5 questions which an investigation or explanation should cover. In journalism, it ensures that the lead contains all the essential points of a story. In classical rhetoric, they are known as the elements of circumstance. They are

Who?

What?

When?

Where?

Why?

Journalism students are taught that these are the fundamental five questions of newswriting. Reporters also use the "5 Ws" to guide research and interviews and to raise important ethical questions, such as "How do you know that?".

Five whys
Five whys (or 5 whys) is an iterative interrogative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem. The primary goal of the technique is to determine the root cause of a defect or problem by repeating the question "why?" five times, each time directing the current "why" to the answer of the previous "why".

The method asserts that the answer to the final "why" asked in this manner should reveal the root cause of the problem. The number of whys may be higher or lower depending on the complexity of the analysis and problem.

The technique was described by Taiichi Ohno at Toyota Motor Corporation. Others at Toyota and elsewhere have criticized the five whys technique for being too basic and having an arbitrarily shallow depth as a root cause analysis tool (see § Criticism).
Hypocephalus armatus
Hypocephalus armatus, the mole beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Vesperidae. It is the only species in the genus Hypocephalus. Both the genus and species were first described by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1832. It is found in Brazil and is popular in museums and collections for its curiosity value and adaptations to digging in soil that make them appear outwardly similar to the mole crickets.

Vesperidae
The Vesperidae are a small family of beetles, normally classified within the family Cerambycidae, of heterogeneous aspect but all characterised by larval stages related to roots of herbaceous plants or trees
Wilton's Music Hall
Wilton's Music Hall is a Grade II* listed building in Shadwell, built as a music hall and now run as a multi-arts performance space in Graces Alley, off Cable Street in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is one of very few surviving music halls of the East End of London and retains many original features.

Wilton's has been a producing venue since 2004. It presents a diverse and programme including opera, puppetry, classical music, cabaret, dance, and magic. It is a focus for theatrical and East End history, as well as a living theatre, concert hall, public bar and heritage site.

The venue underwent an extensive programme of restoration work from 2012 to 2015. The theatre did not close during the building works, instead running an interim arts programme called The Chrysalis Club. The award-winning spaces reopened in October 2015.

Shadwell
Shadwell is an area in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London, England. It also forms part of the city's East End. Shadwell is on the north bank of the River Thames between Wapping (to the west) and Ratcliff and Limehouse (to the east) and is 3 miles (4.8 km) east of Charing Cross. This riverside location has meant the area's history and character have been shaped by the maritime trades.

Historically a hamlet of the Manor and Ancient Parish of Stepney, it became a parish in its own right in 1670. the area of the Hamlet and Parish included areas south of Cable Street including Shadwell Basin and the King Edward Memorial Park.
Jacques Nicolas Colbert
Jacques Nicolas Colbert (14 February 1655, in Paris – 10 December 1707, in Paris) was a French churchman.

Youngest son of Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, he was educated for a career in the church, tutored by Noël Alexandre, a Dominican theologian and philosopher later condemned for his Jansenist views.

The young Colbert was abbot at Le Bec-Hellouin before becoming Archbishop of Rouen in 1691. He was admitted to the Académie Française on 31 October 1678 and was one of the first members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

He was a patron of Jules Hardouin-Mansart and André Le Nôtre and commissioned the restoration of the official residence of the Archbishops of Rouen, the Château de Gaillon.

Archdiocese of Rouen
The Archdiocese of Rouen (Latin: Archidioecesis Rothomagensis; French: Archidiocèse de Rouen) is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. As one of the fifteen Archbishops of France, the Archbishop of Rouen's ecclesiastical province comprises the greater part of Normandy. The Archbishop of Rouen is currently Dominique Lebrun.

In 2022, in the Archdiocese of Rouen there was one priest for every 6,238 Catholics.
Cessna 175 Skylark
The Cessna 175 is a light four-seat, single-engine, fixed wing aircraft produced by Cessna between 1958 and 1962. A deluxe model known as the Skylark was introduced in 1959 for the 1960 model year. The aircraft is very similar to the popular Cessna 172, but has higher gross weight and used a more powerful version of its engine with a geared reduction drive, achieving higher performance. The Cessna 175 sat between the Cessna 172 and the larger Cessna 182 in the product line at its debut.

Declining sales stemming from reputedly poor engine reliability prompted Cessna to drop the 175 and Skylark nameplates, but the company continued to produce aircraft based on the 175 for several decades, selling them as variants of the 172 and as a military trainer aircraft, the T-41 Mescalero.

Continental O-300
The Continental O-300 and the C145 are a family of air-cooled flat-6 aircraft piston engines built by Teledyne Continental Motors.

First produced in 1947, versions were still in production as of 2004. It was produced under licence in the United Kingdom by Rolls-Royce in the 1960s.
Dardaghan
Dardaghan (Arabic: دردغان, also spelled al-Dardaghan) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located southeast of Homs. Nearby localities include Jandar to the west, Hisyah to the southwest and al-Riqama to the northeast. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dardaghan had a population of 1,497 in the 2004 census.

Hisyah
Hisyah (Arabic: حِسْيَاء, romanized: Ḥisyāʾ, also spelled Hasya, Hasiyah, Hesa or Hessia) is a town in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located about 35 kilometers south of Homs. Situated on the M5 Highway between Homs and Damascus, nearby localities include al-Qusayr and Rableh to the northwest, Shamsin and Jandar to the north, Dardaghan to the northeast, Sadad to the southeast and Bureij to the south. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Hisyah had a population of 5,425 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are mostly Sunni Muslims and Catholics.
Santa Rosa Range
The Santa Rosa Range is a mountain range in Humboldt County, Nevada, United States.  Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The highest peaks in the range are Granite Peak (9732 feet, 2966 m) and Santa Rosa Peak (9701 feet, 2957 m). The range extends for approximately 75 miles (120 km) north from Winnemucca Mountain near Winnemucca through eastern Humboldt County to the border with Oregon.  The upper elevations of the southern section of the range are protected as the Santa Rosa–Paradise Peak Wilderness Area.

The eastern side of the range is a ranching district around Paradise Valley, drained by the Little Humboldt River, a tributary of the Humboldt.  The Quinn River Valley is west of the range.  The Owyhee Desert on the edge of the Columbia Plateau extends northeast from the north end of the range.

The range was so named on account of wild roses which grow in the area.

Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest
The Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest (HTNF) is the principal U.S. National Forest in the U.S. state of Nevada, and has a smaller portion further west in Eastern California in the state of California. With an area of 6,289,821 acres (25,454.00 km2), it is the largest U.S. National Forest reservation outside of Alaska, further northwest on the North American continent.
Brush Hill Local Nature Reserve
Brush Hill is a 14.7 hectares (36 acres) Local Nature Reserve east of Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire. It has been managed since 2013 by the Chiltern Society, and it is part of the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Habitats on the site are chalk grassland, woodland and scrub. Flora include wood anemone and wood sorrel, and there are birds such as nuthatches and treecreepers. At the top of the hill there is ancient woodland with oak, Scots pine and larch. The grassland is grazed by sheep between October and March.

There is access from Peters Lane, which divides Brush Hill from Whiteleaf Hill Local Nature Reserve.

Whiteleaf Hill
Whiteleaf Hill is an 11 hectares (27 acres) Local Nature Reserve near Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire. It is owned by Buckinghamshire County Council and managed by the Chiltern Society. it is in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and it has five scheduled ancient monuments, including some dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, and the Whiteleaf Cross, a chalk carving thought to date to the eighteenth century.

The southern half of the site is semi-natural beech woodland which dates back to at least 1600. Most of the mature trees were lost during storms in the late twentieth century, but they have been replaced by scrub which is regenerating into forest. Birds include whitethroats, and there are butterflies such as the speckled wood and the peacock.

The Ridgeway National Trail goes through the site, and there is access from Peters Lane, which separates it from Brush Hill Local Nature Reserve.
Tōzai Line (Tokyo Metro)
The Tōzai Line (東西線, Tōzai-sen; lit. 'East-West Line') is a rapid transit line in Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by Tokyo Metro. The line runs between Nakano in Nakano-ku, Tokyo and Nishi-Funabashi in Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture.

The Tōzai Line was referred to as Line 5 during the planning stages; the seldom-used official name is Line 5 Tōzai Line (5号線東西線, Go-gō-sen Tōzai-sen).

In 2024, the line carried a daily average of nearly 1.5 million passengers, making it the busiest line on the Tokyo subway network. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the Tōzai Line is shown using the color "sky blue" and its stations are given numbers using the letter "T".

Ōtemachi Station (Tokyo)
Ōtemachi Station (大手町駅, Ōtemachi-eki) is a major subway station in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, jointly operated by Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway. It is served by five lines, more than any other station on the Tokyo underground network, and is thus the biggest subway station in Tokyo. It is Tokyo Metro's second busiest station, after Ikebukuro.

Ōtemachi Station is within walking distance (either at street level or via underground passages) of Tokyo Station.
Sedoreoviridae
Sedoreoviridae (sedo = smooth) is a family of the Reovirales order of viruses. Viruses in this family are distinguished by the absence of a turreted protein on the inner capsid to produce a smooth surface.

Seadornavirus
Seadornavirus is a genus of viruses, in the order Reovirales, in the family Sedoreoviridae. Human, cattle, pig, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus: Banna virus (BAV), Kadipiro virus, and Liao ning virus. Each of these viruses has been isolated from Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquito populations, but only BAV has been shown to cause infection in humans, in which the symptoms are similar to Japanese encephalitis—fever, malaise, and encephalitis. The word seadornavirus is a portmanteau, meaning Southeast Asian dodeca RNA virus.
Japanese destroyer Kuroshio
Kuroshio (黒潮, "Black Current" or "Black Tide", Kuroshio Current) was the third vessel to be commissioned in the 19-vessel Kagerō-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late-1930s under the Circle Three Supplementary Naval Expansion Program (Maru San Keikaku).

Kagerō-class destroyer
The Kagerō-class destroyers (陽炎型駆逐艦, Kagerō-gata Kuchikukan) were a class of nineteen 1st Class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during the 1930s, and operated by them during the Pacific War, where all but one were lost.
They were also called the Shiranui-class destroyers (不知火型駆逐艦, Shiranui-gata Kuchikukan), because the second ship, Shiranui, was launched before the first ship, Kagerō.

The class was also one of a series called Destroyer Type-A (甲型駆逐艦, Kō-gata Kuchikukan) within the Imperial Japanese Navy from their plan name. At the time of introduction, these destroyers were among the deadliest destroyers afloat, primarily due to the excellent range and lethality of their "Long Lance" torpedoes.
7th meridian west
The meridian 7° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 7th meridian west forms a great circle with the 173rd meridian east.

173rd meridian east
The meridian 173° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, New Zealand, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 173rd meridian east forms a great circle with the 7th meridian west.
CS Știința Miroslava
Clubul Sportiv Știința Miroslava, commonly known as Știința Miroslava or simply Miroslava, is a Romanian football club based in Miroslava, Iași County. Founded in 2009, it currently plays in Liga III, the third tier of Romanian football.

Irinel Ionescu
Irinel Ioan Ionescu (born 25 December 1978) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a centre back mainly for Politehnica Iași, but also for teams such as Metalul Plopeni, CSM Focșani or Cetatea Suceava, among others.

After retirement, Ionescu started a career as a football manager and worked for Știința Miroslava and Flacăra Erbiceni.
Richard Evans Schultes
Richard Evans Schultes (SHULL-tees; January 12, 1915 – April 10, 2001) was an American biologist, considered to be the father of modern ethnobotany. He is known for his studies of the uses of plants by indigenous peoples, especially the indigenous peoples of the Americas. He worked on entheogenic or hallucinogenic plants, particularly in Mexico and the Amazon, involving lifelong collaborations with chemists. He had charismatic influence as an educator at Harvard University; several of his students and colleagues went on to write popular books and assume influential positions in museums, botanical gardens, and popular culture.

His book The Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers (1979), co-authored with chemist Albert Hofmann, the discoverer of LSD,  is considered his greatest popular work: it has never been out of print and was revised into an expanded second edition, based on a German translation by Christian Rätsch (1998), in 2001.

Wade Davis (anthropologist)
Edmund Wade Davis CM (born December 14, 1953) is a Canadian cultural anthropologist, ethnobotanist, photographer, and writer.

Davis came to prominence with his 1985 best-selling book The Serpent and the Rainbow about the zombies of Haiti. He is professor of anthropology and the BC Leadership Chair in Cultures and Ecosystems at Risk at the University of British Columbia.
Colin Pitchfork
Colin Pitchfork (born 23 March 1960) is an English child-murderer and child-rapist. He was the first person convicted of rape and murder using DNA profiling after he murdered two girls in neighbouring Leicestershire villages: Lynda Mann in Narborough in November 1983 and Dawn Ashworth in Enderby in July 1986. He was arrested on 19 September 1987 and sentenced to life imprisonment on 22 January 1988 after pleading guilty to both murders. The sentencing judge gave him a 30-year minimum term (reduced to 28 years on appeal).

He was granted parole in June 2021 and released on licence on 1 September that year. On 19 November the same year, he was recalled to prison for breaching his licence conditions. Pitchfork was granted parole a second time in June 2023, but after intervention from the Lord Chancellor Alex Chalk, the Parole Board reviewed its decision and decided not to release him.

Littlethorpe, Leicestershire
Littlethorpe is a small village approximately six miles (ten kilometres) south of Leicester, separated from the village of Narborough by the Leicester to Birmingham railway line, and the River Soar of which it is the true discharge.

The village has expanded since the Second World War most noticeably through the creation of two housing estates, the Jelson estate and Barratt estate. Housing continues to be built, Parnell Close being completed during 2005.
Nettleton School District (Arkansas)
Nettleton School District (or Nettleton Public Schools) is a public school district based in Jonesboro, Arkansas, United States. The school district provides early childhood, elementary and secondary education for more than 3,200 kindergarten through grade 12 students at its seven facilities at Jonesboro in Craighead County.

Nettleton School District is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and has been accredited by AdvancED since 2007.

Jonesboro, Arkansas
Jonesboro (/ˈdʒoʊnzbʌrə/) is a city in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Located on Crowley's Ridge in the northeastern part of the state, it is one of two county seats of Craighead County. The population was 78,579 at the 2020 census, and was estimated at 84,155 in 2026, making it the fifth-most populous city in Arkansas. In 2024, the Jonesboro metropolitan area had a population of 138,152, and the greater Jonesboro-Paragould combined statistical area had a population of 184,749. Jonesboro is the home of Arkansas State University and is the cultural and economic center of Northeast Arkansas.
Adygea
Adygea (/ˌɑːdɪˈɡeɪə/ AH-dig-AY-ə), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi), with a population of roughly 500,731 residents  as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.

State Council of the Republic of Adygea
The State Council — Khase of the Republic of Adygea (Russian: Государственный совет — Хасэ Республики Адыгея, romanized: Gosudarstvennyy sovyet — Khase Respubliki Adygeya; Adyghe: Адыгэ Республикэм и Къэралыгъо Совет — Хасэ, romanized: Adəgă Respublikăm i Qăraləġo Sovet — Xasă) is the regional parliament of Adygea, a federal subject of Russia. A total of 50 deputies are elected for five-year terms.
The Revolutionists Stop for Orangeade
"The Revolutionists Stop for Orangeade" is a poem from the second
edition (1931) of Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry,
Harmonium.

Although the poem's title is not atypical in being gaudy, it may be an
exception to the rule that the titles of Stevens's poems are not
guides to their content. The revolutionists are imploring
their leader to let them stop singing in the sun, or at least to
resume singing in the shade. And while the captain starts the singing
in a voice rougher than a grinding shale, orangeade all around would
not be amiss.

The poem reflects Stevens's affection for the Caribbean, and it is as
light as a feather compared to other poems added to the 1931 edition
of Harmonium, like "Sea Surface full of Clouds".

Direct address and imperative mood ("Ask us not....", "Sing a
song....", "Wear the breeches...", "Hang a feather....") keeps the
pace brisk in the poem's four stanzas, enhanced in the fourth by the
unusual rhyming.

Harmonium (poetry collection)
Harmonium is a book of poetry by American poet Wallace Stevens. His first book at the age of forty-four, it was published in 1923 by Knopf in an edition of 1,500 copies. This collection comprises 85 poems, ranging in length from just a few lines ("Life Is Motion") to several hundred ("The Comedian as the Letter C") (see the footnotes for the table of contents). Harmonium was reissued in 1931 with three poems omitted and fourteen new poems added.

Most of Harmonium's poems were published between 1914 and 1923 in various magazines. The poems are now in the public domain in America and similar jurisdictions.
IHLIA LGBTI Heritage
IHLIA LGBTI Heritage, formerly known as the International Gay/Lesbian Information Center and Archive (Dutch: Internationaal Homo/Lesbisch Informatiecentrum en Archief; IHLIA), is an international archive and documentation center on homosexuality, bisexuality and transgender.

It collects, preserves and presents to the public all kinds of information in the field of LGBTI. IHLIA curates the largest LGBTI collection of Europe with over 100,000 titles on 1515 meters of shelf length – books, journals and magazines, films, documentaries, posters, photographs and objects such as T-shirts, buttons and condom packaging.

George Mosse Fund
The Foundation George Mosse Fund of the University of Amsterdam (Stichting George Mosse Fonds van de Universiteit van Amsterdam) is a Dutch foundation (stichting) that aims to promote gay and lesbian studies. It was founded in 2001 at the University of Amsterdam, with a bequest from George Mosse's inheritance, given out of appreciation for the cultural-historical education and research on homosexuality in Amsterdam. The foundation is known primarily for its annual lecture.