hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bakhtiari people
The Bakhtiari (also spelled Bakhtiyari; Persian: بختیاری) are a Lur tribe from Iran. They speak the Bakhtiari dialect of the Luri language.

Bakhtiaris primarily inhabit Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari and eastern Khuzestan, Lorestan, Bushehr, and Isfahan provinces. Bakhtiari tribes have an especially large population concentration in the cities of Masjed Soleyman, Izeh, Shahr-e Kord, and Andika, and the surrounding villages.

A small percentage of Bakhtiari are still nomadic pastoralists, migrating between summer quarters (sardsīr or yaylāq) and winter quarters (garmsīr or qishlāq).

Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari  (Persian: نجف‌قلی‌خان بختیاری; 1846–1930) also known as Saad al-Dowleh (سعدالدوله) and Samsam al-Saltaneh (صمصام‌السلطنه), was an Iranian Prime Minister and a leader of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He was elected Prime Minister for two terms, first from 3 May 1909 to 16 July 1909 and again from 23 December 1912 to 17 January 1913, when he resigned from the office. He was a representative of Parliament of Iran from Tehran in the 4th Parliament. He was the older brother of Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari, better known as Sardar Assad, Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari and Khosrou Khan Bakhtiari, Sardar Zafar. In 1930, he died in Isfahan.
Aerosud
Aerosud is a group of companies with Aerosud Holdings as the parent company. The group is a South African aeronautical engineering and manufacturing company. Aerosud Aerospace was renamed Paramount Aerospace following its acquisition by Paramount Group and Aerosud Innovation and Training Centre (ITC) was incorporated in the AHRLAC Holdings Ahrlac of companies during a 2014 restructuring.

Paramount Group
Paramount Group is a South African aerospace and defense group, operating in the global internal security and peacekeeping industries. Established in 1994, it offers a range of military aircraft, armored vehicles, maritime systems, equipment, and training to governments.
Shiawassee County, Michigan
Shiawassee County (/ˌʃaɪəˈwɒsi/ SHY-ə-WOSS-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 68,094. The county seat is Corunna, and the largest city in the county is Owosso. In 2010, the center of population of Michigan was located in Shiawassee County, in Bennington Township.

Shiawassee County is included in the Lansing-East Lansing, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Corunna, Michigan
Corunna (/kəˈrʌnə/ kə-RUN-ə) is a city in and the county seat of Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 3,046 at the 2020 census.   The city is surrounded by Caledonia Charter Township and is slightly east of the city of Owosso.
Ummachu
Ummachu (Beloved) is a Malayalam novel written by Uroob in 1954. Ummachu along with Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum are considered the best works by Uroob and are ranked among the finest novels in Malayalam. In Ummachu, Uroob explores the ramifications of human relationships in a village.

Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum
Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum (The Beautiful and the Handsome) is a 1958 Malayalam novel written by Uroob (P. C. Kuttikrishnan). Sundarikalum Sundaranmarum along with Ummachu are considered the best works by Uroob and are ranked among the finest novels in Malayalam.
Prophecy
In religion, mythology, and fiction, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law, or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to the prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions, or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form. Stories of prophetic deeds sometimes receive considerable attention and some have been known to survive for centuries through oral tradition or as religious texts.

Prophet
In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to be a conduit for that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people. The message that the prophet conveys is called a prophecy.

Prophethood has existed in many cultures and religions throughout history, including Mesopotamian religion, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Manichaeism, Islam, the Baháʼí Faith, and Thelema.
Mirror armour
Mirror armour (Russian: зерцало, zertsalo, meaning "mirror"; Chinese: 护心镜, hùxīnjìng, meaning "protect-heart mirror"), sometimes referred to as disc armour or as chahār-āyneh or char-aina (Persian: چهاﺮآﻳنه meaning "four mirrors"; whence Kazakh: шар-айна, şar-ayna), was a type of cuirass used mainly in Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe; including India, Persia, Tibet, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. It literally translates to "four mirrors" which is a reflection of how these pieces looked, which resembles four (sometimes more) metal discs or rectangular armour plates. Mirror armor was used in some cultures up to the 20th century.

Brigandine
A brigandine (sometimes spelled brigantine), also called a brigander, is a form of body armour, in use from the late Middle Ages and up to the early modern era. It is a garment typically made of heavy cloth, canvas, or leather, featuring small oblong steel plates riveted to the fabric such that the fabric and rivets were present on the outside, sometimes with a second layer of fabric on the inside.
Chikkanna
Chikkanna (born 22 June 1984), is an Indian Comedy actor who works in Kannada cinema and appears primarily in comic roles. He made his debut in films with Kirataka (2011), following which he was recognized for his performances in Raja Huli (2013) and Adyaksha (2014). Chikkanna played the lead role for the first time in the film Upadhyaksha (2024).

Raja Huli
Raja Huli is a 2013 Indian Kannada-language comedy-drama film directed by Guru Deshpande and written by S. R. Prabhakaran. Produced by K. Manju's home production, the film stars Yash in title role, along with Meghana Raj, Vasishta N. Simha, Charan Raj, Mithra, and Chikkanna in supporting roles. The soundtrack and score are composed by Hamsalekha. The film, which made its theatrical release on 1 November 2013, coinciding with the Kannada Rajyotsava festival became a commercial hit at the box office. It was Yash's third consecutive hit after Drama and Googly, paving the way for Yash to emerge as the top star of Sandalwood.

The movie is a remake of the 2012 Tamil movie Sundarapandian.
Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral, Ningbo
The Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral (Chinese: 圣母升天堂) is a religious building belonging to the Catholic Church, which is located in the city of Ningbo in Zhejiang Province in the People's Republic of China.

The church follows the Roman rite and functions as the headquarters of Diocese of Ningbo (Dioecesis Nimpuovensis, 天主教宁波教区) which was created on 11 April 1946. It should not be confused with Sacred Heart Cathedral (耶稣圣心主教座堂) in the same city that was destroyed by fire on July 28, 2014 and started as the "Church of the Seven Sorrows of Mary" in 1872.

The present building dates from 1853, was rebuilt in 1865 and modified between 1995 and 2000.

Sacred Heart Cathedral, Ningbo
The Sacred Heart Cathedral (Chinese: 耶稣圣心主教座堂) also alternatively called the Cathedral of the Seven Sorrows of Mary is a religious building located in the city of Ningbo in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China.

It served as the headquarters of the Diocese of Ningbo (Dioecesis Nimpuovensis, 天主教宁波教区) which was created on 11 April 1946. It should not be confused with the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption current seat of the diocese.

Its history began as the church the seven sorrows of Mary in 1872 being built in the Gothic style by the French Vincentians, as the seat of the Apostolic Vicariate of Chekiang dependent Fuchow for the time being elevated to cathedral in 1876; and closed in 1963; for a few years later reopen under another name in 1980; It was declared a national heritage in 2006; and finally it was partially destroyed by fire on July 28, 2014.
As of 2018, the cathedral is fully restored.
Britannia Range (Antarctica)
The Britannia Range (80°05′S 158°00′E﻿ / ﻿80.083°S 158.000°E﻿ / -80.083; 158.000﻿ (Britannia Range)) is a range of mountains bounded by the Hatherton Glacier and Darwin Glacier on the north and the Byrd Glacier on the south, westward of the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

Byrd Glacier
The Byrd Glacier (80°20′S 159°00′E﻿ / ﻿80.333°S 159.000°E﻿ / -80.333; 159.000﻿ (Byrd Glacier)) is a major glacier in Antarctica, about 161 km (100 mi) long and 24 km (15 mi) wide.
It drains an extensive area of the Antarctic plateau, and flows eastward to discharge into the Ross Ice Shelf.
Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet
Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet (20 November 1656 – 2 July 1700) was an English Member of Parliament, and an ancestor of the modern day Dukes of Westminster.  He was the first member of the family to build a substantial house on the present site of Eaton Hall in Cheshire.

St Mary's Church, Eccleston
St Mary's Church is in the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England, on the estate of the Duke of Westminster south of Chester.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.  It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Chester and the deanery of Chester.  Its benefice is combined with that of St Mary, Pulford. The Dukes of Westminster are buried in the adjacent Old Churchyard.
Mousetrap (weapon)
Mousetrap (anti-Submarine Projector, Marks 20 and 22) was an anti-submarine rocket launcher used mainly during World War II by the United States Navy and Coast Guard. Its development began in 1941 as a replacement for Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar. Hedgehogs were spigot-launched, which placed considerable strain on the launching vessel's deck, whereas Mousetrap was rocket-propelled. As a result, Mousetrap's four or eight rails for 7.2-inch (183 mm) rockets saved weight and were easier to install.

The rockets weighed 65 pounds (29 kg) each, with a 33-pound (15 kg) Torpex warhead and contact pistol, exactly like Hedgehog.

By the end of the war, over 100 Mark 22 Mousetraps were mounted in US Navy ships, including three each on 12 destroyers, and submarine chasers (usually two sets of rails).

Hedgehog (weapon)
The Hedgehog (also known as an Anti-Submarine Projector) was a forward-throwing  anti-submarine mortar that was used primarily during the Second World War. The device, which was developed by the Royal Navy, fired up to 24 spigot mortars ahead of a ship when attacking a U-boat. It was deployed on convoy escort warships such as destroyers and corvettes to supplement the depth charges.

As the mortar projectiles employed contact fuzes rather than time or bathymetric (depth) fuzes, detonation occurred directly against a hard surface such as the hull of a submarine, making it more deadly than depth charges, which relied on damage caused by hydrostatic shockwaves. During World War II out of 5,174 British depth charge attacks there were 85.5 kills, a ratio of 60.5 to 1. In comparison, the Hedgehog made 268 attacks for 47 kills, a ratio of 5.7 to 1.
Scott Glenn
Theodore Scott Glenn (born January 26 between 1939 and 1941) is an American actor. His roles have included Bill Lester in She Came to the Valley (1979), Pfc Glenn Kelly in Nashville (1975), Wes Hightower in Urban Cowboy (1980), astronaut Alan Shepard in The Right Stuff (1983), Emmett in Silverado (1985), Captain Bart Mancuso in The Hunt for Red October (1990), Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs (1991), John Adcox in Backdraft (1991), Bill Burton in Absolute Power (1997), Roger in Training Day (2001), Ezra Kramer in The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), and Chris Chenery in Secretariat (2010).

On television, he played Kevin Garvey Sr. in the HBO television series The Leftovers (2014–2017), Stick in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television series Daredevil (2015–2016) and The Defenders (2017), and Jim Hollinger in The White Lotus (2025), for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.

Backdraft (film)
Backdraft is a 1991 American action thriller drama film directed by Ron Howard and written by Gregory Widen. Starring Kurt Russell, William Baldwin, Scott Glenn, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Rebecca De Mornay, Donald Sutherland, Robert De Niro, Jason Gedrick and J. T. Walsh, it follows Chicago firefighters on the trail of a serial arsonist.

It was released on May 24, 1991, to generally positive reviews, and grossed $152.4 million worldwide. It received three Academy Award nominations for Best Sound, Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects. It also inspired a special effects attraction at Universal Studios Hollywood, which opened in 1992 and closed in 2010. It was followed by the sequel, Backdraft 2, in 2019, with Baldwin and Sutherland reprising their roles.
Kummer surface
In algebraic geometry, a Kummer quartic surface, first studied by Ernst Kummer (1864), is an irreducible nodal surface of degree 4 in   with the maximal possible number of 16 double points. Any such surface is the Kummer variety of the Jacobian variety of a smooth hyperelliptic curve of genus 2; i.e. a quotient of the Jacobian by the Kummer involution x ↦ −x. The Kummer involution has 16 fixed points: the 16 2-torsion point of the Jacobian, and they are the 16 singular points of the quartic surface. 
Resolving the 16 double points of the quotient of a (possibly nonalgebraic) torus by the Kummer involution gives a K3 surface with 16 disjoint rational curves; these K3 surfaces are also sometimes called Kummer surfaces.

Other surfaces closely related to Kummer surfaces include Weddle surfaces, wave surfaces, and tetrahedroids.

Quartic surface
In mathematics, especially in algebraic geometry, a quartic surface is a surface defined by an equation of degree 4.

More specifically there are two closely related types of quartic surface: affine and projective.  An affine quartic surface is the solution set of an equation of the form

where f is a polynomial of degree 4, such as ⁠⁠.  This is a surface in affine space A3.

On the other hand, a projective quartic surface is a surface in projective space P3 of the same form, but now f is a homogeneous polynomial of 4 variables of degree 4, so for example ⁠⁠.

If the base field is ⁠⁠ or ⁠⁠ the surface is said to be real or complex respectively. One must be careful to distinguish between algebraic Riemann surfaces, which are in fact quartic curves over ⁠⁠, and quartic surfaces over ⁠⁠. For instance, the Klein quartic is a real surface given as a quartic curve over ⁠⁠. If on the other hand the base field is finite, then it is said to be an arithmetic quartic surface.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2012)
On 12 September 2012 at about 12:20 local time (00:20 UTC), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251, operated by an Antonov An-28, crashed while attempting to land at Palana Airport in Russia.
Both pilots were killed, together with 8 of the 12 passengers. All 4 survivors were in serious condition. The aircraft descended below minima on approach in instrument meteorological conditions and impacted a forested slope. Alcohol was found in the blood of both flight crew.

On 6 July 2021, an Antonov An-26 assigned to the same flight route and number also crashed while on its approach to land at Palana Airport.

Antonov An-28
The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.
Ronald Colville, 2nd Baron Clydesmuir
Ronald John Bilsland Colville, 2nd Baron Clydesmuir, KT, CB, MBE, TD (21 May 1917 – 2 October 1996), was a Scottish soldier and businessman. He notably served as Governor of the Bank of Scotland, Lord Lieutenant of Lanarkshire, and Captain General of the Queen's Bodyguard in Scotland. According to his obituary, he was described as "an outstanding and dedicated servant of Scotland. He was a gentleman of the old school with a genial wit and great generosity of spirit".

John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir
David John Colville, 1st Baron Clydesmuir, GCIE, PC (13 February 1894 – 31 October 1954), was a Scottish Unionist politician, colonial administrator, and industrialist.  He was director of his family's steel and iron business, David Colville & Sons as well as the final Governor of Bombay.
Vera Selby
Vera Selby MBE (née Danby; 13 March 1930 – 13 March 2023) was an English snooker and billiards player who won multiple women's world titles in both sports. She won the inaugural World Women's Snooker Championship in 1976 and won the title for a second time in 1981; she also won eight World Women's Billiards Championships from 1970 to 1978. A commentator for the BBC's televised snooker coverage, most notably at the 1982 World Snooker Championship, she was also a qualified referee and coach.

Remembered as a pioneering figure in women's cue sports, Selby received an MBE in the 2015 Birthday Honours for her services to snooker and billiards.

2015 Birthday Honours
The 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours were appointments by some of the 16 Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The Birthday Honours were awarded as part of the Queen's Official Birthday celebrations during the month of June. The Queen's Birthday Honours were announced on 1 June 2015 in New Zealand, on 8 June in Australia, and on 12 June in the United Kingdom, in Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia and Belize.

The recipients of honours are displayed as they were styled before their new honour. They are arranged by the country (in order of precedence) whose ministers advised the Queen on the appointments, then by honour with grades, i.e. Knight/Dame Grand Cross, Knight/Dame Commander etc., and then by divisions, i.e. Civil, Diplomatic and Military as appropriate.
Leighton Buzzard
Leighton Buzzard (/ˈleɪtən ˈbʌzərd/ ⓘ LAY-tən BUZ-ərd) is a market town in the civil parish of Leighton–Linslade, in the Central Bedfordshire district, in Bedfordshire, England, in the southwest of the county and close to the Buckinghamshire border. It lies between Aylesbury, Tring, Luton/Dunstable and Milton Keynes, near the Chiltern Hills.

It is 36 miles (58 km) northwest of Central London and linked to the capital by the Grand Union Canal and the West Coast Main Line. The built-up area extends on either side of the River Ouzel (here about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide) to include its historically separate neighbour Linslade, and is administered by Leighton-Linslade Town Council.

Dunstable
Dunstable (/ˈdʌnstəbəl/ DUN-stə-bəl) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, 30 miles (50 kilometres) north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fourth largest town in Bedfordshire and along with Houghton Regis forms the westernmost part of the Luton/Dunstable urban area.
Matthew Good Band
Matthew Good Band was a Canadian alternative rock band formed in Coquitlam, British Columbia in 1995. The band consisted of singer-songwriter/guitarist Matthew Good, guitarist/keyboardist Dave Genn, drummer Ian Browne, and bassist Geoff Lloyd. Lloyd was replaced by Rich Priske in 1998. They became one of the most successful rock bands in Canada during the late 1990s and early 2000s, being nominated for 14 Juno Awards and winning the awards for "Best Group" and "Best Rock Album" (Beautiful Midnight) in 2000. The band broke up after the release of their 2001 album, The Audio of Being.

The Audio of Being
The Audio Of Being is the fourth and final album by the Canadian rock group Matthew Good Band, released in 2001.  It included  two singles: "Carmelina" and "Anti-Pop". The album sold 73,000 units in Canada by March 2003 and was certified Gold the same month.
Pazhavangadi Ganapathy Temple
The Pazhavangadi Maha Ganapathy temple (Malayalam: ശ്രീ പഴവങ്ങാടി മഹാ ഗണപതി ക്ഷേത്രം) is situated at East Fort in the heart of Thiruvananthapuram City, Kerala, India. The main Deity of the temple is Sri Mahaganapathy (Ganesha). The main idol is installed in a seated posture with the right leg in a folded stance. The temple is situated in close proximity to the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple. Other Deities worshiped at the temple include Dharmasasta, Goddess Durga and Nagaraja. The temple sculptures include 32 different forms of Lord Ganesha.

East Fort
Kizhakke Kotta, also known by its English name East Fort, is a busy commercial street located at the heart of the central business district of Thiruvananthapuram city in Kerala. Since Thiruvananthapuram was the capital of the kingdom of Travancore, East Fort has been a commercial centre. It also has the city's main bus stand, multiple theatres and the famous Padmanabha Swamy Temple.
Katsuya Okada
Katsuya Okada (岡田 克也, Okada Katsuya; born 14 July 1953) is a Japanese politician who was Deputy Prime Minister of Japan from January to December 2012. A member of the House of Representatives of Japan, he was the President of the Democratic Party, and previously of the Democratic Party of Japan. He also served as Secretary-General of the DPJ three times. During the DPJ's period in government he was Foreign Minister of Japan.

In 2016, he remained as leader when the Democratic Party of Japan merged with the Japan Innovation Party to become the Democratic Party.

Democratic Party (Japan, 2016)
The Democratic Party (民進党, Minshintō; DP) was a political party in Japan. It was the largest opposition party in Japan from 2016 until it lost its seats in the House of Representatives in 2017. The party was founded on 27 March 2016 from the merger of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Japan Innovation Party. The majority of the party split away on 28 September 2017, before the 2017 general election. Many of its members contested the 2017 election as candidates for the Party of Hope, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or as party members without nomination. On 7 May 2018 the DP merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party For the People.
Mega Man: The Power Battle
Mega Man: The Power Battle is a 1995 fighting game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. A spin-off title for the Mega Man series, it features Mega Man and his allies fighting Doctor Wily and his rebuilt Robot Masters in a series of boss battles. The game was followed by a sequel, Mega Man 2: The Power Fighters, in 1996. Both games have since received home releases through various video game compilations.

Mega Man 2: The Power Fighters
Mega Man 2: The Power Fighters is a 1996 fighting game developed and published by Capcom for arcades. A spin-off of the Mega Man series, it is the direct sequel to Mega Man: The Power Battle released the previous year. Both games have since received home releases through various video game compilations.