hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eskişehir Province
Eskişehir Province (Turkish: Eskişehir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality in northwestern Turkey. Its area is 13,960 km2, and its population is 906,617 (2022). Its adjacent provinces are Bilecik to the northwest, Kütahya to the west, Afyon to the southwest, Konya to the south, Ankara to the east, and Bolu to the north. The provincial capital is Eskişehir. Most of the province is laid down in Central Anatolia Region. Northern parts of Mihalıççık district and ones of Mihalgazi and Sarıcakaya are located in the Black Sea Region and one of them belong to the Aegean Region.

Eskişehir is an old and culturally developed province of Turkey. Eskişehir has 3 universities, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir Technical University and Anadolu University, which is the largest university in Turkey and which has some branch offices in Europe.

Bilecik Province
Bilecik Province (Turkish: Bilecik ili) is a province in midwest Turkey, neighboring Bursa to the west, Kocaeli and Sakarya to the north, Bolu to the east, Eskişehir to the southeast and Kütahya to the south. Its area is 4,179 km2, and its population is 228,673 (2022). Most of the province laid down in Marmara region but eastern parts of Gölpazarı and Söğüt district and districts of İnhisar and Yenipazar remained in Black Sea Region, smaller southeastern parts of Bozüyük and Söğüt remained in Central Anatolia Region and smaller southwestern part of Bozüyük remained in Aegean Region.
Livingston Manor
Livingston Manor was a 160,000-acre (65,000 ha) tract of land in the Province of New York granted to Robert Livingston the Elder during the reign of George I of Great Britain. Located between the Hudson River and the Massachusetts border, the Livingston Manor was located in an area that later became a portion of Columbia County in the state of New York.

Livingston, New York
Livingston is a town in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 3,628 at the 2020 census. The town is named after its founding father.

Livingston is in the southwestern part of Columbia County. U.S. Route 9 passes through the town.
Cockfield Hall
Cockfield Hall in Yoxford in Suffolk, England is a Grade I listed private house standing in 76 acres (31 ha) of historic parkland, partly dating from the 16th century. Cockfield Hall takes its name from the Cokefeud Family, established there at the beginning of the 14th century. It was purchased by Jon Hunt in 2014 to form part of his Wilderness Reserve offering exclusive rural holiday accommodation.

Yoxford
Yoxford is a village in East Suffolk, England, close to the Heritage Coast, Minsmere Reserve (RSPB), Aldeburgh and Southwold. It is known for its antique shops and (as "Loxford") for providing the setting for a Britten opera.

The name 'Yoxford' comes from Old English geoc-ford meaning "yoke ford", probably indicating that the ford was wide enough for a yoke of oxen to pass through.
Penha de França
Penha de França (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɐɲɐ ðɨ ˈfɾɐ̃sɐ]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and typical quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, Penha de França is north of São Vicente, east of Arroios, south of Areeiro, and west of Beato. The population in 2021 was 28,475.

Areeiro, Lisbon
Areeiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈɾjɐjɾu]) is a freguesia (civil parish) and typical quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in central Lisbon, Areeiro is east of Avenidas Novas, east of Marvila, south of Alvalade, and north of Beato, Penha de França, and Arroios. The population in 2021 was 21,160.
Royal FloraHolland
Royal FloraHolland, legally Koninklijke Coöperatieve Bloemenveiling Royal FloraHolland U.A., is a Dutch conglomerate of florists. It is one of the largest auction companies in the world. Royal FloraHolland is headquartered in Aalsmeer, with locations in Naaldwijk, Rijnsburg and Eelde.

The export auctions are located in Aalsmeer, Naaldwijk and Rijnsburg, and there is an auction for the domestic market in Eelde. The brokerage agency focuses on futures and day trade and operates at all branches.

Measuring 740 by 700 meters, the auction building in Aalsmeer is the largest building in Europe by floor area. Until 2008, it was the largest building in the world (currently ranked fifth).

Aalsmeer
Aalsmeer (Dutch: [aːlsˈmeːr] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. Its name is derived from the Dutch for eel (aal) and lake (meer). Aalsmeer is bordered by the Westeinderplassen lake, the largest open water of the Randstad, and the Ringvaart Canal. The town is located 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Amsterdam.

The town is sometimes referred to as the flower capital of the world, as the largest flower auction in the world is based in Aalsmeer, along with numerous nurseries and an experimental station for floriculture.
National Museum of Norway
The National Museum (Norwegian: Nasjonalmuseet, officially the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design) is a museum in Oslo, Norway which holds the Norwegian state's public collection of art, architecture, and design objects. The collection totals over 400,000 works, amongst them the first copy of Edvard Munch's The Scream from 1893. The museum is state-owned and managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Culture.

The National Museum was established in 2003 by the merging of the Museum of Architecture, the Museum of Industrial Art, the Museum of Decorative Arts and Design, the Museum of Contemporary Art, and the National Gallery of Norway. In 2022, the museum opened its new building at Vestbanehallen at the centre of Oslo, housing the entirety of the collections from these previous museums.

The current director of the museum is Karen Hindsbo.

Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art
The Norwegian Museum of Contemporary Art (Norwegian: Museet for samtidskunst) is a museum in Oslo, Norway. Since 2003, it is administratively a part of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design.
County Sligo
County Sligo (/ˈslaɪɡoʊ/, Irish: Contae Shligigh) is a county in Ireland. It is in the Northern and Western Region and is part of the province of Connacht. Sligo is the administrative capital and largest town in the county. Sligo County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 70,198 at the 2022 census. It is noted for Benbulben Mountain, one of Ireland's most distinctive natural landmarks.

Tubbercurry
Tubbercurry or Tobercurry (Irish: Tobar an Choire, meaning 'well of the corrie') is the second-largest town in terms of both population and land area in County Sligo, Ireland. It lies at the foot of the Ox Mountains, on the N17 national primary road, and is 30 kilometres (19 mi) south-west of Sligo town. The town is twinned with Viarmes in France. Tubbercurry achieved status as a Fairtrade town in September 2008.
Indigo dye
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. Blue colorants are relatively rare.  Since indigo is insoluble, it is also referred to as a pigment (C.I. Pigment Blue 66, C.I.).

Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting  around 80,000 tonnes each year, as of 2023. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans, where its properties allow for effects such as stone washing and acid washing to be applied quickly.

Leuco dye
A leuco dye (from the Greek λευκό leuko: white ) is a dye which can switch between two chemical forms, one of which is colorless. Reversible transformations can be caused by heat, light or pH, resulting in examples of thermochromism, photochromism and halochromism, respectively. Irreversible transformations typically involve reduction or oxidation. The colorless form is sometimes referred to as the leuco form.

Leuco dyes form the basis of thermal printer papers and certain pH indicators.
Te Atua Mahuru
Te Atua Mahuru is a prominent peak in southern Hawke's Bay, in New Zealand's eastern North Island. It lies in the Ruahine Range, within the boundaries of the Ruahine Forest Park, of which it is the second highest peak, at 1534 metres. The Makaroro River has its source on the eastern flanks of Te Atua Mahuru. The slightly smaller Mount Maropea lies just to the south.

Mount Maropea
Mount Maropea is a prominent peak in southern Hawke's Bay, in New Zealand's eastern North Island, rising to 1481 metres. It lies in the Ruahine Range, within the boundaries of the Ruahine Forest Park. The slightly larger Te Atua Mahuru lies just to the north.
Gold Key Comics
Gold Key Comics was an imprint of American company Western Publishing, created for comic books distributed to newsstands. Also known as Whitman Comics, Gold Key operated from 1962 to 1984. It was then revived and taken over by Gold Key Entertainment LLC which holds the trademark today.

Doctor Spektor
Doctor Spektor is a fictional comic book "occult detective" that appeared in Western Publishing's Gold Key Comics. Created by writer Donald F. Glut and artist Dan Spiegle, he first appeared in Mystery Comics Digest #5 (July 1972).
Macrosphenidae
The African warblers are a newly erected family Macrosphenidae, of African songbirds. Most of the species were formerly placed in the Old World warbler family Sylviidae, although one species, the rockrunner, was placed in the babbler family, Timaliidae. A series of molecular studies of the Old World warblers and other bird families in the superfamily  Sylvioidea (which includes the larks, swallows and tits) found that the African warblers were not part of Sylviidae but were instead an early (basal) offshoot of the entire clade Sylvioidea. Some taxonomic authorities place the entire family Hyliidae here.

Hyliidae
Hyliidae is a family of passerine birds which contains just two species, the green hylia (Hylia prasina) and the tit hylia (Pholidornis rushiae).  Physiological similarities and molecular phylogenetic studies strongly support the creation of this family.

Some taxonomic authorities place the entire family in the Macrosphenidae.

Hylias are small, insectivorous songbirds found in tropical Africa.  They frequent the understory of wet tropical forests.
Svyataya Anna
The Philomel-class gunvessel HMS Newport was launched in Wales in 1867. Having become the first ship to pass through the Suez Canal, she was sold in 1881 and renamed Pandora II. She was purchased again in about 1890 and renamed Blencathra, taking part in expeditions to the north coast of Russia. She was bought in 1912 by Georgy Brusilov for use in his ill-fated 1912 Arctic expedition to explore the Northern Sea Route, and was named Svyataya Anna (Russian: Святая Анна), after Saint Anne. The ship became firmly trapped in ice; only two members of the expedition, Valerian Albanov and Alexander Konrad, survived. The ship has never been found.

Brusilov expedition
The Brusilov expedition (Russian: Экспедиция Брусилова) was a Russian maritime expedition to the Arctic led by Captain Georgy Brusilov, which set out in 1912 to explore and map a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific via a northeast passage known as the Northern Sea Route. The expedition was ill-planned and ill-executed by Brusilov, and disappeared without a trace. Earlier searches were unsuccessful, and the fate of the ship and its crew is still not known.

One of the members of the expedition was the second Russian woman to go to the Arctic, Yerminia Zhdanko, a 22-year-old nurse and daughter of a general of the Russo-Japanese War.
Fukuoka 7th district
Fukuoka 7th district (福岡県第7区, Fukuoka-ken dai-nanaku or simply 福岡7区, Fukuoka-nanaku) is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan located in Fukuoka Prefecture.

Yanagawa, Fukuoka
Yanagawa (柳川市, Yanagawa-shi) is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2024, the city had an estimated population of 62,268 in 26426 households, and a  population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 77.15 km2 (29.79 sq mi).
Flag of Podgorica
The Flag of Podgorica, along with its coat of arms, is a symbol of Podgorica, capital of Montenegro. It was adopted as a symbol of the city in 2006. It is derived from a detail on a new coat of arms. The author is Srđan Marlović.

The layers of urban heritage in this municipality (Doclea and Meteon) were presented by two blue horizontal stripes. Metaphorically, they present the foundation of the present city of Podgorica.

The universal symbol, whose creation was based on stylisation of all recognisable symbols of modern Podgorica: Nemanja's town, Clock tower, Gorica monument, Gates, Bridges, etc. All these sights were united in one symbol, a broken line that was positioned above two horizontal stripes.

Coat of arms of Podgorica
The coat of arms of Podgorica is an official insignia of Podgorica, capital of Montenegro. It is a new coat of arms, adopted as a symbol of the city in 2006. It replaced the old coat of arms, which was thought outdated aesthetically. The author is Srđan Marlović.
Sham Legion
The Sham Legion (Arabic: فَيْلَق الشَّام, Faylaq al-Shām lit. Levant Legion) was an alliance of Sunni Islamist rebel groups formed in March 2014, during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance was formed from 19 different groups, some of which were previously affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood of Syria and the Shields of the Revolution Council.

At the Syrian Revolution Victory Conference, which was held on 29 January 2025, most factions of the armed opposition, including the Sham Legion, announced their dissolution and were incorporated into the newly formed Ministry of Defense.

Shields of the Revolution Council
The Shields of the Revolution Council (Arabic: هيئة دروع الثورة, Hayat Duru al-Thawra) was  a Syrian FSA-rebel alliance affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood of Syria. Bashar al-Assad labeled the Syrian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood as an extremist “terror” group. It joined the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council on 3 August 2014.

In March 2014, the Fatiheen Brigade, Eman Brigade and Sihem al-Haq Brigade, previously affiliated with the Shields, split from the group and joined the newly formed Sham Legion alliance.
Akashina, Nagano
Akashina (明科町, Akashina-machi) was a town located in Higashichikuma District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,556 and a density of 226.88 persons per km2. The total area was 42.12 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Akashina, along with the towns of Hotaka and Toyoshina, and the villages of Horigane and Misato (all from Minamiazumi District), was merged to create the city of Azumino.

Azumino
Azumino (安曇野市, Azumino-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2019, the city had an estimated population of 97,761 in 39744 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. Its total area is 331.78 square kilometres (128.10 sq mi).
April Margera
April Margera (born March 28, 1956) is an American reality television personality who has appeared on MTV's Viva La Bam and Jackass, as well as the CKY videos, Haggard, Minghags and Bam's Unholy Union.

Viva La Bam
Viva La Bam is an American reality television series that stars Bam Margera and his friends and family. The show is a spin-off from MTV's Jackass, in which Margera and most of the main cast appeared. Each episode had a specific theme, mission, or challenge which was accomplished by performing pranks, skateboarding, and enlisting the help of friends, relatives, and/or experts. Although partly improvised, the show was supported by a greater degree of planning and organization.
Markabygda
Markabygda is a village in Levanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the northeast side of the lake Movatnet, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of the town of Levanger. Markabygda Church is located here, and there is also a private Montessori school.

Markabygda Church
Markabygda Church (Norwegian: Markabygda kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Levanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Markabygda. It is the church for the Markabygd parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1887 using plans drawn up by the architect Ole Andresen. The church seats about 170 people.
John Swift (barrister)
John Swift KC is an English barrister and a leading authority on competition law.  Born on 11 July 1940, he was called to the English bar in 1965 and took silk (became a Queen's Counsel) in 1981.  He became a Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1992.

Rail Regulator
The Rail Regulator was a statutory office holder, created with effect from 1 December 1993 by section 1 of the Railways Act 1993, for the independent economic regulation of the British railway industry. The Rail Regulator was in charge of an executive agency called the Office of the Rail Regulator.

The office was abolished from 4 July 2004, using powers under the Railways and Transport Safety Act 2003, when (in line with constitutional changes made to other economic regulatory authorities) the single-person regulator model was replaced by a nine-member corporate board called the Office of Rail Regulation.

Under the Railways Act 2005, the Office of Rail Regulation was later given safety jurisdiction in addition to economic regulatory functions.
Qakh District
Qakh District (Azerbaijani: Qax rayonu; Georgian: კახის რაიონი, romanized: K′akhis raioni; Tsakhur: Къахын район, romanized: Qaxın rayon) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country, in the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Zagatala, Shaki, Samukh, Yevlakh, as well as the Kakheti region of Georgia and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Qakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 57,200.

Yevlakh District
Yevlakh District (Azerbaijani: Yevlax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the centre of the country and belongs to the Central Aran Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qakh, Shaki, Agdash, Barda, Tartar, Goranboy, and Samukh. Its capital and largest city is Yevlakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 129,700. The southeast section of Mingachevir reservoir is in this district.
George Bell (painter)
George Frederick Henry Bell OBE   (1 December 1878 – 22 October 1966) was an Australian painter and teacher, critic, portraitist, violinist and war artist who contributed significantly to the advancement of the local Modern movement from the 1920s to the 1930s.

Barbara Brash
Barbara Nancy Brash (3 November 1925 – 25 February 1998) was a twentieth-century post-war Australian artist known for her painting and innovative printmaking. In an extensive career she contributed to the Melbourne Modernist art scene, beside other significant women artists including: Mary Macqueen, Dorothy Braund, Anne Marie Graham, Constance Stokes, Anne Montgomery (artist) and Nancy Grant.
Varaz-Tiridates I
Varaz Trdat, was the Mihranid king of Caucasian Albania from 670 to 705.

He was kept as prisoner in Constantinople from 694 until 699. In his absence, his queen Sparama and regent prince Shero served as regents but became involved in conflict. Shero was imprisoned by Arabs when Trdat came back to throne.

After his death, kingdom was abolished and the Mihranids stood as princes of Gardman.

Sparama
Sparama (also called Spram) (fl. late 7th century CE) was the queen consort of the Mihranid king Varaz-Tiridates I of Caucasian Albania. She served as regent during the absence of her spouse in 694-699.

Her origin is unknown. She married Varaz-Tiridates I. She became the mother of Gagik, Vardan II and Stepannos I.

Her spouse was kept prisoner at Constantinople from 694 until 699. In his absence, his queen Sparama served as regent in his place during his absence, her sons being minors. The same year, in 694, prince Shero took power over the regency. She reportedly allied with him. However, the two regents soon came involved in a conflict. Their conflict destabilized the realm, which was exposed to Byzantine influence as well as Arabian attacks.

In 699, her spouse returned. Her son abdicated after his return. She is known to have still been alive in this year.
Hozumi Station
Hozumi Station (穂積駅, Hozumi-eki) is a train station in the city of Mizuho, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai), with a freight terminal operated by the Japan Freight Railway Company.

Mizuho, Gifu
Mizuho (瑞穂市, Mizuho-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 31 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 56,168 and a population density of 1951 persons per km2, in 23,756 households. The total area of the city was 28.19 square kilometres (10.88 sq mi).
Ghizil-Agaj State Reserve
Ghzil-Aghaj State Reserve (Azerbaijani: Qızılağac dövlət qoruğu), meaning golden tree, was established on July 3, 1929, by the Committee on Protection of the Ancient and Art Monuments of Azerbaijan on an area of 884 km2 on Ghizil-Agaj Bay at the southwestern shore of the Caspian Sea, in Lankaran District, southeastern Azerbaijan.

Lankaran District
Lankaran District (Azerbaijani: Lənkəran rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the south-east of the country, in the Lankaran-Astara Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Astara, Lerik, Masally, and Neftchala. Its capital and largest city is Lankaran, although the city is technically not part of the district and is subordinate to the Republic. As of 2020, the district had a population of 232,000.
Lilia Estrin Dallin
Lilia Estrin Dallin (born Lilya Ginzberg; 1898–1981) (aka Lola Estrin, Paulsen, Lilya Ginzberg) was a prominent member of Trotsky's Paris organization in the 1930s, the wife of the Menshevik David Dallin, and has been suspected of being an NKVD asset because of her association with NKVD agent Mark Zborowski.

David Dallin
David J. Dallin (born David Yulevich Levin, Russian: Дави́д Ю́льевич Да́лин; 24 May 1889 – February 21, 1962) was a Belarusian-American one-time Menshevik leader and later a writer and lecturer on Soviet affairs, who helped Victor Kravchenko defect in the 1940s.
Intalliance
intalliance AG was a German corporation based in Hanover which operated the Hanover S-Bahn and Hanover Stadtbahn. It ceased to exist on January 1, 2007. After splitting up, the Hanover S-Bahn is now operated by DB Regio and the Hanover Stadtbahn by üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe AG.

The corporation was owned by üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe AG and DB Stadtverkehr with a 40% share each. The remaining 20% share was held by NORD/LB. The üstra and DB Regio, who held the licences issued by the state of Lower Saxony to provide traffic services, had outsourced these services to intalliance. 1900 üstra employees and 285 DB Regio employees were transferred over to intalliance.

The intalliance AG owned 318 Stadtbahn vehicles, 138 buses and 46 S-Bahn trainsets.

Üstra
üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe AG is the operator of public transport in the city of Hanover, Germany. The company is a member of the Großraum-Verkehr Hannover (GVH) transport association.

From 2003 to 2006, it had outsourced its operations, but officially resumed as a service provider on January 1, 2007.