hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Albans, West Virginia
St. Albans is a city in western Kanawha County, West Virginia, United States, at the confluence of the Kanawha and Coal rivers. The population was 10,861 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Charleston metropolitan area.

Kanawha County, West Virginia
Kanawha County (/kəˈnɔːə/ kə-NAW-ə) is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 180,745, making it West Virginia's most populous county. The county seat is Charleston, which is also the state capital and most populous city.
Kanawha County is part of the Charleston, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Astralis
Astralis is a Danish esports organization. Best known for their Counter-Strike 2 team, they also have teams representing other games, such as FIFA and previously Rainbow Six Siege. The parent group of Astralis is the Astralis Group, who previously managed Origen and Future F.C. before the merger of all teams under the Astralis brand. Astralis Group became the first esports organization to conduct an initial public offering, and was formerly traded as ticker Nasdaq Copenhagen: ASTRLS. Astralis's CS:GO team holds the record of the most CS:GO Major Championships won at 4.

Natus Vincere
Natus Vincere (Latin for "born to win"), commonly referred as abbreviated name NAVI (formerly Na`Vi), is a Ukrainian esports organization based in Kyiv. Founded in 2009, the organization has teams and players competing in various games, such as Counter-Strike 2, Dota 2, FIFA, Brawl Stars, World of Tanks, Paladins, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, Clash of Clans, Apex Legends, Rainbow Six Siege, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang, Fortnite, VALORANT, and League of Legends. NAVI's VALORANT team is currently a partnered member of VCT EMEA, while their MLBB division is a franchised team in MPL Indonesia and their League division is a franchised team in the League of Legends EMEA Championship (LEC).
Zoukou, Djidja
Zoukou is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is also an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Dijida. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 2,873.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Lake Charles College
Lake Charles College was a college and preparatory school located in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Founded by Congregationalists in 1887 and opened in 1890, it lasted only nine years before closing in 1899. A second Lake Charles College was opened in the same building in 1900, lasting only until 1902.

C. I. Scofield
Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (August 19, 1843 – July 24, 1921) was an American theologian, minister, and writer whose best-selling annotated Bible popularized futurism and dispensationalism among fundamentalist Christians.
Duško Marković
Duško Marković (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Душко Марковић; born 6 July 1959) is a Montenegrin politician who served as the prime minister from 2016 to 2020. Formerly a high-ranking member of the Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS), he is now the president of the Party of European Progress (SEP).

2016 Montenegrin parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 16 October 2016. The ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) remained the largest party, winning 36 of the 81 seats, and subsequently formed a coalition government with the new Social Democrats and national minority parties. The elections were held in the midst of an alleged coup d'état attempt.
French Defence
The French Defence is a chess opening characterised by the moves:

1. e4 e6

This is most commonly followed by 2.d4 d5. Black usually plays ...c5 soon after, attacking White's pawn centre and gaining space on the queenside. The French has a reputation for solidity and resilience, although some lines such as the Winawer Variation can lead to sharp complications. Black's position is often somewhat cramped in the early game; in particular, the pawn on e6 can impede the development of the bishop on c8, known by many players as the French bishop.

Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)
Mikhail Gurevich (Russian: Михаил Наумович Гуревич, romanized: Mikhail Naumovich Gurevich; born 22 February 1959) is a Soviet-born Belgian chess player. He was a top ten ranked player from 1989 to 1991. Gurevich became an International Grandmaster in 1986, and is currently an FIDE arbiter and senior trainer.
Simon I Gurieli
Simon I Gurieli (also Svimon; Georgian: სიმონ [სვიმონ] I გურიელი, 1601 – c. 1672), of the House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria from 1625 to 1626. He acceded to power in Guria, a small principality in southwest Georgia, after having murdered his father, Mamia II Gurieli, and was dethroned and blinded by his brother-in-law Levan II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. Simon thereafter became a monk and retired to Jerusalem.

House of Gurieli
The House of Gurieli (Georgian: გურიელი) was a Georgian princely (mtavari) family and a ruling dynasty (dukes) of the southwestern Georgian province of Guria, which was autonomous and later, for a few centuries, independent. A few ducal rulers of the dynasty also rose in the 17th-18th centuries to be kings of the whole western Caucasus in place of the hereditary Bagrationi kings of Imereti.
Us-Kyuyol
Us-Kyuyol (Russian: Ус-Кюёль; Yakut: Уус Күөлэ, Uus Küöle) is a rural locality (a selo), the administrative centre of and one of three settlements, in addition to Balagannakh and Okoyemovka, in Kurbusakhsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located 73 kilometers (45 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 912.

Balagannakh, Ust-Aldansky District, Sakha Republic
Balagannakh (Russian: Балаганнах; Yakut: Балаҕаннаах, Balağannaax) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kurbusakhsky Rural Okrug of Ust-Aldansky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 91 kilometers (57 mi) from Borogontsy, the administrative center of the district and 18 kilometers (11 mi) from Us-Kyuyol, the administrative center of the rural okrug. Its population as of the 2002 Census was 103.
Charles Dunstone
Sir Charles William Dunstone CVO (/ˈdʌnstən/ DUN-stən; born 21 November 1964) is the British co-founder and former chairman of mobile phone retailer Carphone Warehouse, former chairman of multinational electrical and telecommunications retailer and services company Dixons Carphone (formed on 7 August 2014 by the merger of Dixons Retail and Carphone Warehouse), and executive chairman of the TalkTalk Group.

Carphone Warehouse
Carphone Warehouse is a mobile phone retailer based in London, United Kingdom. In August 2014 the company became a subsidiary of Currys plc (previously named "Dixons Carphone"), which was formed by the merger of its former parent Carphone Warehouse Group with Dixons Retail. Prior to this merger, Carphone Warehouse Group was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Following the closure of all stand-alone UK stores in April 2020, all remaining Carphone Warehouse UK outlets were within branches of Currys PC World. In April 2021, the Carphone Warehouse business in Ireland (including all stand-alone and co-located branches and the website) was closed with immediate effect. Currys continued to use the Carphone Warehouse brand in the United Kingdom, online and, until 2021, inside Currys stores.
Psectrotanypus
Psectrotanypus is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae of the bloodworm family Chironomidae. Psectrotanypus varius (Fabricius, 1787) is known to occur in very polluted waters with only few other accompanying species such as Chironomus plumosus.

Tanypodinae
Tanypodinae is a subfamily of midges in the non-biting midge family (Chironomidae). The larvae are generally carnivorous and their mouthparts are adapted for predation on small invertebrates (including other chironomid larvae) although 1st and 2nd instar larvae also feed on algae.
Nazil
Nazil (Persian: نازيل) is a village in, and the former capital of, Nazil Rural District of Nazil District, Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Bahrabad.

Nazil District
Nazil District (Persian: بخش نازیل) is in Taftan County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Nazil, whose population at the time of the 2016 National Census was 419, in 140 households.
Berkel
The Berkel (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁkl̩] ⓘ) is a river in the Netherlands and Germany. It is a right tributary of the IJssel.

The river rises in Billerbeck, near the German city of Münster in North Rhine-Westphalia, and crosses the border with the Netherlands near Vreden (Germany) and Rekken (Netherlands). From there, it flows through the province of Gelderland to join the IJssel at Zutphen after about 115 kilometres.

Before the coming of the railway, the Berkel was a major shipping route for goods from Münster to Eibergen, Borculo, and Zutphen, transported in flat-bottomed boats called Berkelzompen. In the 1950s, the Dutch stretch of the river was channelized to prevent flooding and to improve drainage. Recently old bends have been reconnected to the straightened lengths of the river.

Towns along the course of the Berkel include:

in Germany: Billerbeck, Coesfeld, Gescher, Stadtlohn, Vreden

in the Netherlands: Eibergen, Borculo, Lochem, Almen, Warnsveld, Zutphen

Lochem
Lochem (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɔxəm] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the province of Gelderland in the Eastern Netherlands. In 2005, it merged with the municipality of Gorssel, retaining the name of Lochem. As of 2019, it had a population of 33,590.
Kramarov (crater)
Kramarov is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon. It lies just beyond the western limb, at the far edge of the region that is brought into view during favorable librations. The crater is situated in the northern part of the Montes Cordillera, the outer ring of the mountains that surround Mare Orientale.

In the past this crater was designated Lents K, a satellite of Lents which lies to the northwest, before being named by the IAU. Just to the southeast is another satellite crater, Lents J. Kramarov is a circular, bowl-shaped crater that lies amidst a region of rugged terrain. The inner walls slope down to a wide interior floor that occupies about two-thirds the total diameter of the crater. It is otherwise an undistinguished formation that has suffered little erosion and has no features of particular interest.

Lents (crater)
Lents is a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It is located within the north-northwestern section of the immense skirt of ejecta that surrounds the Mare Orientale impact basin. To the south is the Montes Cordillera mountain ring, and to the north-northeast is the damaged crater Elvey.

This is a bowl-shaped formation with an interior floor that is about half the diameter of the crater. Attached to the northeastern exterior of Lents is the satellite crater Lents C, a feature of roughly the same dimension. Slightly more than a crater diameter to the east of Lents C is Pierazzo, which produced a broad, wispy ray system that extends for more than 100 km in all directions. The ray material from this impact lies across both Lents C and Lents, reaching as far north as Elvey.

On some maps, Lents is called Lenz.
Constructive set theory
Axiomatic constructive set theory is an approach to mathematical constructivism following the program of axiomatic set theory.
The same first-order language with "" and "" of classical set theory is usually used, so this is not to be confused with a constructive types approach.
On the other hand, some constructive theories are indeed motivated by their interpretability in type theories.

In addition to rejecting the principle of excluded middle (), constructive set theories often require some logical quantifiers in their axioms to be set bounded. The latter is motivated by results tied to impredicativity.

Epsilon-induction
In set theory, -induction, also called epsilon-induction or set-induction, is a principle that can be used to prove that all sets satisfy a given property. Considered as an axiomatic principle, it is called the axiom schema of set induction.

The principle implies transfinite induction and recursion. 
It may also be studied in a general context of induction on well-founded relations.
Le Château-d'Oléron
Le Château-d'Oléron (French pronunciation: [lə ʃɑto dɔleʁɔ̃]; before 1962: Le Château) is a commune located on the Island of Oléron, in the Charente-Maritime department, southwestern France.

The town is surrounded by fortifications in the form of a Bastion fort (similar to a "star fort".)

Oléron
The Isle of Oléron or Oléron Island (French: île d'Oléron, [il dɔleʁɔ̃]; Saintongese: ilâte d'Olerun; Latin: Uliaros insula, [uliˈaːros ˈinsula]) is an island off the Atlantic coast of France (due west of Rochefort), on the southern side of the Pertuis d'Antioche strait.

It is the second largest island of metropolitan France, after Corsica, with a length of 30 km (19 mi) and a width of 8 km (5 mi). It has an area of 174 km2 (67 sq. mi.) and more than 21,000 permanent inhabitants.
Cassidula
Cassidula is a genus of small air-breathing salt marsh snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ellobiidae. Cassidula aurisfelis is known as Angulated Shoulder Earsnail, Angulate Vassidula or cat's Ear Cassidula inEnglish (Smith, 1992). It belongs to the great division orphylum called the Mollusca and from class of gastropoda.

(PDF) Study on genetic variability of Cassidula aurisfelis (snail) by random amplified polymorphic DNAs. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290223182_Study_on_genetic_variability_of_Cassidula_aurisfelis_snail_by_random_amplified_polymorphic_DNAs [accessed Mar 20 2025].

.

Ellobiidae
Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata. Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Basic helix–loop–helix
A basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) is a protein structural motif that characterizes one of the largest families of dimerizing transcription factors.  The word "basic" does not refer to complexity but to the chemistry of the motif because transcription factors in general contain basic amino acid residues in order to facilitate DNA binding.

bHLH transcription factors are often important in development or cell activity. For one, BMAL1-Clock (also called ARNTL) is a core transcription complex in the molecular circadian clock. Other genes, like c-Myc and HIF-1, have been linked to cancer due to their effects on cell growth and metabolism.

NEUROD1
Neurogenic differentiation 1 (Neurod1), also called β2, is a transcription factor of the NeuroD-type. It is encoded by the human gene NEUROD1.

In mice, Neurod1 expression is first seen at embryonic day 12 (E12).

It is a member of the Neurod family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, composed of Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. The protein forms heterodimers with other bHLH proteins and activates transcription of genes that contain a specific DNA sequence known as the E-box. It regulates expression of the insulin gene, and mutations in this gene result in type II diabetes mellitus in mouse models and in human clinical patients.

Neurod1 is found to convert reactive glial cells into functional neurons in the mouse brain in vivo In the adult cortex, Neurod1 expression is a marker of mature excitatory pyramidal neurons in the upper-most layers of the cortex.
Könitz Porzellan
The  Könitz Porzellan GmbH is a company in Könitz, a district of the commune Unterwellenborn. The company includes the Wiedemannsche Druckerei, the brand WAECHTERSBACH as well as the Weimarer Porzellanmanufaktur.

Waechtersbach ceramics
Waechtersbach ceramics is a German ceramics manufacturer in Brachttal near Wächtersbach, which was founded in 1832 by the Prince Adolf of Ysenburg and Büdingen of Isenburg-Wächtersbach. It is a registered company since 4 July 2003.
2024 Prince Edward Island Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2024 PEI Scotties Tournament of Hearts Women's Championship, the women's provincial curling championship for Prince Edward Island, was held from January 25 to 28 at the Summerside Curling Club in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. The event was held in conjunction with the 2024 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's championship.

The winning Jane DiCarlo rink represented Prince Edward Island at the 2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Calgary, Alberta where they finished last in Pool A (and last overall) with an 0–8 record.

2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
The 2024 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Canada's national women's curling championship, was held from February 16 to 25 at the Markin MacPhail Centre at Canada Olympic Park in Calgary, Alberta. The winning Rachel Homan team represented Canada at the 2024 World Women's Curling Championship at Centre 200 in Sydney, Nova Scotia where they won the gold medal.
Lindenhof hill
The Lindenhof ("linden yard") is a moraine hill and public square in the historic center of Zurich, Switzerland. It is the site of the Roman and Carolingian era Kaiserpfalz around which the city has historically grown. The hilltop area—including its prehistoric, Roman, and medieval remains—is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

Altstadt (Zurich)
The Altstadt (German pronunciation: [ˈaltˌʃtat] ⓘ, lit. 'old town') in the Swiss city of Zurich encompasses the area of the entire historical city before 1893, before the incorporation of what are now districts 2 to 12 into the municipality, over the period 1893 to 1934. Die Altstadt approximately corresponds to the area enclosed by the former city ramparts, and is today within the administrative area of the city called Kreis 1 (District 1).

With a population of 5,617 (as of 2015), it houses about 1.4% of the city's total population.

Administratively, District 1 is divided into four parts or quarters by the Zurich statistical office, Rathaus (town hall), Hochschulen (universities), Lindenhof ("lime trees courtyard") and City. Lindenhof and Rathaus correspond to the parts of the medieval city left (west) and right (east) of the Limmat, respectively, while City and Hochschulen include the area of the Early Modern city west and east of the medieval walls, respectively.
John Cuthbertson (politician)
John Robert Cuthbertson (1834–1882) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician.

He represented the Invercargill electorate in Parliament from 1873 to 1875, when he was defeated. He was Mayor of Invercargill in 1876–1877.

Mayor of Invercargill
The mayor of Invercargill is the head of the municipal government of Invercargill, New Zealand, and leads the Invercargill City Council. The mayor is directly elected using a First Past the Post electoral system every three years. The current mayor is Tom Campbell. Invercargill also has a deputy mayor that is chosen from the council. There have been 44 mayors so far.
Guaram III
Guaram III (Georgian: გუარამ III), of the Guaramid dynasty, was a presiding prince of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from before 693 to c. 748.

Guaram III was bestowed with the Byzantine title of curopalates, and thus, must have succeeded his father or grandfather Guaram II shortly before 693, i.e., before the resurgent Umayyad Caliphate ousted the Byzantines from the Caucasus region.

The chronicle of Pseudo-Juansher, written around 800, also refers to the princes Mihr, Archil, and the sons of the latter – Iovane and Juansher – in this period. However, neither of these individuals were presiding princes of Iberia, but the provincial rulers of Kakheti in the east.

Guaram III had a son also called Guaram (or Gurgen), and two anonymous daughters, one of whom married the Chosroid prince Archil, and the other married the Bagratid prince Vasak. His son, Guaram/Gurgen was married to a Nersianid princess, daughter of Adarnase III, and fathered Stephen III.

Guaramid dynasty
The Guaramid dynasty or Guaramiani (Georgian: გუარამიანი) was the younger branch of the Chosroid royal house of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia). They ruled Iberia as Grand dukes (erismtavari) in the periods of 588–627, 684–748, and 779/780–786, and three of them were bestowed with the dignity of curopalates by the Byzantine imperial court.
Adam Lindsay Gordon
Adam Lindsay Gordon (19 October 1833 – 24 June 1870) was a British-Australian poet, horseman, police officer and politician. He was the first Australian poet to gain considerable recognition overseas, and according to his contemporary, writer Marcus Clarke, Gordon's work represented "the beginnings of a national school of Australian poetry".

Yorick Club (Melbourne)
The Yorick Club was a gentlemen's club in Melbourne, Australia, whose membership consisted originally of men involved in the arts and sciences. It was founded in 1868 and continued in some form into the 1950s and perhaps beyond.
Hail Varsity
"Hail Varsity" is the fight song of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, composed by Wilbur Chenoweth and written by Joyce Ayres in 1936. It is frequently featured at university events and is played by the Cornhusker Marching Band following Nebraska touchdowns.

University of Nebraska Cornhusker Marching Band
The University of Nebraska Cornhusker Marching Band (commonly referred to as the Marching Red or The Pride of All Nebraska) is the marching band of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, part of the Glenn Korff School of Music within the Hixson–Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts. Founded in 1879 as an Army Cadet band, the unit now consists of approximately 300 students. It performs at Memorial Stadium during football games, with a smaller pep band often used for other university events.
23rd Street (Manhattan)
23rd Street is a broad thoroughfare in the New York City borough of Manhattan, one of the major two-way, east-west streets in the borough's grid. As with Manhattan's other "crosstown" streets, it is divided into its east and west sections at Fifth Avenue. The street runs from Avenue C and FDR Drive in the east to Eleventh Avenue in the west.

23rd Street was created under the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. The street hosts several famous hotels, including the Fifth Avenue Hotel and Hotel Chelsea, as well as many theaters. Several skyscrapers are located on 23rd Street, including the Flatiron Building, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, and One Madison.

Ladies' Mile Historic District
The Ladies' Mile Historic District was a prime shopping district in Manhattan, New York City, at the end of the 19th century, serving the well-to-do "carriage trade" of the city. It was designated in May 1989, by the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission to preserve an irregular district of 440 buildings on 28 blocks and parts of blocks, from roughly 15th Street to 24th Street and from Park Avenue South to west of the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). Community groups such as the Drive to Protect the Ladies' Mile District and the Historic Districts Council campaigned heavily for the status.

The Ladies' Mile Historic District contains mostly multi-story store and loft buildings. These buildings became common after 1899 when laws prohibited combined home and production areas without a permit, causing people who had previously worked at home to seek commercial spaces; the rise of unions which advocated for better working conditions also contributed to the development.