hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sayawun Tin Shwe Award
The Sayawun Tin Shwe Literary Award (Burmese: ဆရာဝန်တင်ရွှေဆု) has been presented annually since November 2002 under the patronage of the Myanmar Writers and Journalists Association (MWJA). Non-fiction books published in the previous year are eligible.  The awards are named after the writer Sayawun Tin Shwe.
The awards complement the government's National Literary Awards and Sarpay Beikman Manuscript Awards and the Pakokku U Ohn Pe literary award, Thuta Swesone literary award and Tun Foundation award.

Thuta Swesone literary award
The Thuta Swesone literary awards have been presented by the Swesone Media group since 2006.
They are sponsored by Tin Tun Oo, the cofounder of the Myanmar Times.
The awards complement the government's National Literary Awards and Sarpay Beikman Manuscript Awards and the Sayawun Tin Shwe Award, Pakokku U Ohn Pe literary award and Tun Foundation award.
Mkhitarashen
Mkhitarashen (Armenian: Մխիթարաշեն) or Mukhtar (Azerbaijani: Muxtar) is a village located in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the expulsion of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Shosh, Nagorno-Karabakh
Shosh (Armenian: Շոշ) or Shushikend (Armenian: Շուշիքենդ; Azerbaijani: Şuşikənd, Russian: Шушике́нд) is a village in the Khojaly District of Azerbaijan, in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Until 2023 it was controlled by the breakaway Republic of Artsakh. The village had an ethnic Armenian-majority population until the expulsion of the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Myra Freeman
Myra Ava Freeman CM ONS MSM CD (born May 17, 1949) is a Canadian philanthropist, teacher, the 29th and first female Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia.

Freeman was born Myra Ava Holtzman in Saint John, New Brunswick, the daughter of Anne Golda (Freedman), a homemaker, and Harry Holtzman, a businessman. She graduated from Dalhousie University with a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Education. In 1971, she started teaching with the Halifax Regional School Board until her appointment.

She was appointed lieutenant governor in 2000 by Governor General Adrienne Clarkson, on the advice of Jean Chrétien. She served as lieutenant governor until September 7, 2006.

Freeman and her husband, Larry, have three children: Daniel M. Freeman, Jonathan Freeman and Debra Freeman.

In her childhood, Freeman was a member of the Girl Guides of Canada, participating in Guiding youth programs.

Order of Nova Scotia
The Order of Nova Scotia is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The order was instituted through the Order of Nova Scotia Act on 1 June 2001, with the first appointments beginning in 2002. The order is intended to honour current or former Nova Scotia residents who have demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement, thus being described as the highest honour amongst all those conferred by the Nova Scotia Crown. The lieutenant governor is Chancellor of the order, and is responsible for inducting new members.
General Motors Local Area Network
General Motors Local Area Network (GMLAN) is an application- and transport-layer protocol using controller area network for lower layer services. It was standardized as SAE J2411 for use in OBD-II vehicle networks.

CAN bus
A controller area network (CAN) is a vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs). Originally developed to reduce the complexity and cost of electrical wiring in automobiles through multiplexing, the CAN bus protocol has since been adopted in various other contexts, such as 3D printing. This broadcast-based, message-oriented protocol ensures data integrity and prioritization through a process called arbitration, allowing the highest priority device to continue transmitting if multiple devices attempt to send data simultaneously, while others back off. Its reliability is enhanced by differential signaling, which mitigates electrical noise. Common versions of the CAN protocol include CAN 2.0, CAN FD, and CAN XL which vary in their data rate capabilities and maximum data payload sizes.
Rex Hunt (diplomat)
Sir Rex Masterman Hunt, CMG (29 June 1926 – 11 November 2012) was a British Government diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Governor, Commander-in-Chief, and Vice Admiral of the Falkland Islands (and concurrently High Commissioner of the British Antarctic Territory) between 1980 and September 1985. During the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, he was taken prisoner and temporarily removed from the Falklands, before returning after the successful re-capturing of the islands to serve the rest of his term.

Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands. It is located on the island of East Falkland, on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 2,974. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,662 on Census Day – 10 October 2021.

Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the Falkland Islands: Stacy Bragger, Barry Elsby, Mark Pollard, Roger Spink, and Leona Vidal Roberts. An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973.

On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent, formally awarding it city status.
Wilhelm Ackermann
Wilhelm Friedrich Ackermann (/ˈækərmən/; German: [ˈakɐˌman]; 29 March 1896 – 24 December 1962) was a German mathematician and logician best known for his work in mathematical logic and the Ackermann function, an important example in the theory of computation.

Hereditarily finite set
In mathematics and set theory, hereditarily finite sets are defined as finite sets whose elements are all hereditarily finite sets. In other words, the set itself is finite, and all of its elements are finite sets, recursively all the way down to the empty set.
HMS Dampier
HMS Dampier was a survey ship of the Royal Navy, named after the explorer, author and privateer, William Dampier (1652–1715). Originally intended as a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate, the ship was in commission from 1948 to 1968, spending her entire career based at Singapore, carrying out survey work.

Bay-class frigate
The Bay class was a class of 26 anti-aircraft (A/A) frigates built for the Royal Navy under the 1943 War Emergency Programme during World War II (one of which was cancelled and six completed as despatch vessels or survey ships). They were based on the hulls of incomplete Loch class anti-submarine (A/S) frigates.

In 1959 and 1961, four frigates of the class (Bigbury Bay, Burghead Bay, Morecambe Bay and Mounts Bay) were transferred to the Portuguese Navy. Between 1966 and 1968, based in Mozambique, these ships were part of the Portuguese naval deterrent force against the Royal Navy Beira Patrol which was trying to enforce sanctions against Rhodesia. In 1966 the Portuguese Navy also bought the survey vessel Dalrymple which served until 1983.
Pkill
pkill (see pgrep) is a command-line utility initially written for use with the Solaris 7 operating system in 1998. It has since been reimplemented for Linux and some BSDs.

As with the kill and killall commands, pkill is used to send signals to processes. The pkill command allows the use of extended regular expression patterns and other matching criteria.

Pgrep
pgrep is a command-line utility initially written for use with the Solaris 7 operating system by Mike Shapiro. It has since been available in illumos and reimplemented for the Linux and BSDs (DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD). It searches for all the named processes that can be specified as extended regular expression patterns, and—by default—returns their process ID. Alternatives include pidof (finds process ID given a program name) and ps.
Tajima, Fukushima
Tajima (田島町, Tajima-machi) was a town located in Minamiaizu District, Fukushima, Japan.  It was the largest town in Minamiaizu District and in the summer held the locally famous Gion Festival, not to be confused with the Tobata Gion Festival in Kyushu.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,142 and a density of 37.51 persons per km2. The total area was 350.34 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Tajima, along with the villages of Ina, Nangō and Tateiwa (all from Minamiaizu District), was merged to create the town of Minamiaizu.

Minamiaizu
Minamiaizu (南会津町, Minamiaizu-machi) is a town located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2020,  the town had an estimated population of 15,158 in 6,575 households, and a population density of 17 persons per km2. The total area of the town was 886.52 square kilometres (342.29 sq mi).
Igaponera
Igaponera is a monotypic genus of ponerine ants native to Amazonas described in 2022 containing one species Igaponera curiosa. First described in 2010 as Pachycondyla curiosa in 2010, I. curiosa was placed in Neoponera for a short time in 2021 before its current placement by Troya et al. 2022.

Ponerinae
Ponerinae, the ponerine ants, is a subfamily of poneromorph ants containing about 1,600 species in 54 extant genera, including Dinoponera gigantea - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections.
Coinage of Nepal
The earliest coin minted in today's territory of Nepal was in Shakya Mahajanapada, along the India–Nepal border at around 500 BCE. Shakya coins were an example of a coin invented in the Indian subcontinent which continued to be used in Nepal alongside India for over 1500 years.

Nepalese mohur
The mohur was the currency of the Kingdom of Nepal from the second half of the 17th century until 1932. Silver and gold mohurs were issued, each subdivided into 128 dams. Copper dams were also issued, together with copper paisa worth 4 copper dams. The values of the copper, silver and gold coinages relative to one another were not fixed until 1903. In that year, the silver mohur became the standard currency, divided into 50 paisa. It was replaced in 1932 by the rupee, also called the mohru (Moru), at a rate of 2 mohurs = 1 rupee.
Gurney family (Norwich)
The Gurneys were an influential family of English Quakers, who had a major part in the development of Norwich, England. They established Gurney's Bank in 1770, which merged into Barclays Bank in 1896. They established successful breweries. A number of  family members were abolitionists. Members of the family still live in the United Kingdom.

Fowell Buxton
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1st Baronet Buxton of Belfield and Runton (1 April 1786 – 19 February 1845), was an English Member of Parliament, brewer, abolitionist and social reformer. He married Hannah Gurney, whose sister became Elizabeth Fry, and became a great friend of her brother Joseph John Gurney and the extended Gurney family.
Guercino
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (8 February 1591 – 22 December 1666), better known as (il) Guercino (Italian pronunciation: [ɡwerˈtʃiːno] ⓘ), was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vigorous naturalism of his early manner contrasts with the classical equilibrium of his later works. His many drawings are noted for their luminosity and lively style.

Denis Mahon
Sir John Denis Mahon, CH, CBE, FBA (8 November 1910 – 24 April 2011) was a British collector and historian of Italian art. Considered to be one of the few art collectors who was also a respected scholar, he is generally credited, alongside Sacheverell Sitwell and Tancred Borenius, with bringing Italian pre-Baroque and Baroque painters to the attention of English-speaking audiences, reversing the critical aversion to their work that had prevailed from the time of John Ruskin.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex and Middlesex district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Essex and Middlesex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 14.7% of Essex County and 3.9% of Middlesex County population in 2010. Democrat Barry Finegold of Andover has represented the district since 2019.

Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital.
Havenhoofd
Havenhoofd is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee and lies about 10 km west of Hellevoetsluis.

The village was first mentioned around 1750 as "'t Goereese Hooft" and refers to the dams on either side of the harbour. During the 18th century, Havenhoofd developed as a harbour village for Goedereede.

In 1943, during World War II, the entire village was demolished as part of the Atlantic Wall, and 42 bunkers were built in the area. Some of the bunkers are still hidden under the sand of the dunes. Havenhoofd was rebuilt between 1947 and 1949. In 1958, the harbour was dammed as a result of the North Sea flood of 1953, and the fishermen moved to Stellendam.

Goeree-Overflakkee
Goeree-Overflakkee (Dutch pronunciation: [ɣuˌreː ˈoːvərflɑˌkeː]) is a delta island and an administrative municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands, with a population of 50,589. It is the largest island by land area in the Netherlands after the man-made Flevopolder.

Goeree-Overflakkee is separated from the islands of Voorne-Putten and Hoeksche Waard by the Haringvliet, from the mainland of North Brabant by the Volkerak, and from Schouwen-Duiveland by Lake Grevelingen.

Despite being part of the province of South Holland, the island's scenery and dialect are more closely related to Zeeland than to Holland. On the island they speak a form of Zeelandic, namely Goereês in the west and Flakkees in the east.
Zanja Madre
The Zanja Madre (Spanish: [ˈsaŋxa ˈmaðɾe], "Mother Trench") is the original aqueduct that brought water to the Pueblo de Los Angeles from the Río Porciúncula (Los Angeles River). The original open, earthen ditch, or zanja was completed by community laborers within a month of founding the pueblo. This water system was used for both domestic uses and irrigation to fields west of town. The main zanja ultimately fed eight branch zanjas. This availability of water was essential to the survival and growth of the community founded here. Brick conduits 3 to 3.5 feet (0.91 to 1.07 m)  in diameter were built to improve the system after 1884. Eventually the system did not supply enough water to keep pace with population growth and irrigation demand. The system was abandoned by 1904 though portions were still used for storm water purposes. It was maintained by the Zanjero of Los Angeles.

Zanjero of Los Angeles
The Zanjero (Spanish: [saŋˈxeɾo]; English: /zɑːnˈhɛroʊ/), sometimes known as the Water Overseer or Water Steward, was the official in charge of water management for the  city of Los Angeles in the 19th century. The position was considered to be more important than even the Mayor of Los Angeles during the city's rapid expansion in the mid-1800s, earning the highest salary of any official for many years.
Metropolitan Borough of Southwark
The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark (Br  [ˈsʌðɨk]) was a metropolitan borough in the County of London from 1900 to 1965. It was created to cover the western section of the ancient borough of Southwark and the parish of Newington. In common with the rest of inner London, the borough experienced a steady decline in population throughout its existence. The borough council made an unsuccessful attempt to gain city status in 1955. Its former area is now the northwestern part of the current London Borough of Southwark.

Newington, London
Newington is a district of Central London, just south of the River Thames, and part of the London Borough of Southwark. It was an ancient parish and the site of the early administration of the county of Surrey. It was the location of the County of London Sessions House from 1917, in a building now occupied by the Inner London Crown Court.
High Sheriff of Staffordshire
This is a list of the sheriffs and high sheriffs of Staffordshire.

The sheriff is the oldest secular office under the Crown. The sheriff was the principal law enforcement officer in the county but over the centuries most of the responsibilities associated with the post have been transferred elsewhere or are now defunct so that its functions are now largely ceremonial. From 1204 to 1344 the High Sheriff of Staffordshire also served as Sheriff of Shropshire.

Under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 the office previously known as sheriff was retitled high sheriff. The high sheriff changes every March.

Wychnor Hall
Wychnor Hall (or Wychnor Park, /ˈwɪtʃnər/) is Grade II Listed early 18th-century country house near Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, formerly owned by the Levett Family.  The hall has been converted to a Country Club.
Denice, Piedmont
Denice is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Alessandria. As of 30 June 2017, it had a population of 175 and an area of 7.4 square kilometres (2.9 mi2).

Denice borders the following municipalities: Mombaldone, Monastero Bormida, Montechiaro d'Acqui, Ponti, and Roccaverano.

Montechiaro d'Acqui
Montechiaro d'Acqui is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Alessandria.

Montechiaro d'Acqui borders the following municipalities: Cartosio, Castelletto d'Erro, Denice, Malvicino, Mombaldone, Ponti, and Spigno Monferrato.
Buddhist councils
Since the death of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhist monastic communities, the "sangha", have periodically convened for doctrinal and disciplinary reasons and to revise and correct the contents of the Buddhist canons. Referred to as Buddhist "councils" (Pāli and Sanskrit: saṅgīti, literally meaning "reciting together" or "joint rehearsal"), the famous First Buddhist Council is recorded in Buddhist texts as being held one year after the Buddha's passing, when Ananda recited all of the spoken sutras, which were recorded in Rajagriha. The two next major Councils were held more than 100 years later.

The details of the later councils are debated by modern Buddhist studies. Various sources belonging to different Buddhist schools may contain different accounts of these events. For this reason, modern scholars have questioned the historicity of some of these councils or at least their preserved descriptions in literature.

Vinaya Piṭaka
The Vinaya Piṭaka (English: Basket of Discipline) is the first of the three divisions of the Pali Tripitaka, the definitive canonical collection of scripture of Theravada Buddhism. The other two parts of the Tripiṭaka are the Sutta Piṭaka and the Abhidhamma Piṭaka. Its primary subject matter is the monastic rules of conduct for monks and nuns of the Sangha.
Street League Skateboarding
Street League Skateboarding (SLS) is an international skateboarding tournament series. The league features professional street skateboarders competing for the largest monetary prize in the history of skateboarding, and was founded by professional skateboarder and entrepreneur Rob Dyrdek. California Skateparks designs and builds the SLS courses.

Nyjah Huston
Nyjah Imani Huston (/ˈnaɪʒə ˈhjuːstən/ NYE-zhə HEW-stən; born November 30, 1994) is an American professional skateboarder. With numerous sponsorships and competition prize winnings, Huston is one of the highest paid skateboarders in the world. Huston won gold medals at the SLS Super Crown World Championship in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2024, and has won 15 gold medals at the X Games since 2011. Huston won his first Olympic medal, a bronze, in the 2024 Olympic men's street event at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.

Nyjah is widely regarded as one of the greatest skateboarders of all time. He is also widely regarded as the greatest contest street skateboarder of all time.
Normal good
In economics, a normal good is a type of a good for which consumers increase their demand due to an increase in income, unlike inferior goods, for which the opposite is observed. When there is an increase in a person's income, for example due to a wage rise, a good for which the demand rises due to the wage increase, is referred as a normal good. Conversely, the demand for normal goods declines when the income decreases, for example due to a wage decrease or layoffs.

Whether a good is categorized as a normal good or an inferior good is based on empirical observations, not some essential element of a good. Indeed, the same good may be a normal good for one group of consumers and an inferior good for another group. For example, for moderate-income consumers, a BMW 3 Series car might be a normal good, but for an upper-income group, it might be an inferior good.

Inferior good
In economics, inferior goods are those goods the demand for which falls with increase in income of the consumer. So, there is an inverse relationship between income of the consumer and the demand for inferior goods. There are many examples of inferior goods, including subcompact economy cars, public transit, payday lending, second-hand clothes, and inexpensive food. The shift in consumer demand for an inferior good can be explained by two natural economic phenomena: the substitution effect and the income effect.
Wilhelm (crater)
Wilhelm is a lunar impact crater in the southern part of the Moon, to the west of the prominent Tycho. Portions of the ray material from Tycho lie across the rim and floor of Wilhelm. Attached to its southern rim is the crater Montanari, while Lagalla is attached to the southwest. To the north-northeast is Heinsius.

This crater is of the type traditionally termed a walled plain. It has a heavily eroded outer rim that is overlain by several smaller craters. Among these are Wilhelm A and Wilhelm K across the southwest rim, and Wilhelm B just to the northwest along the western rim. Wilhelm C intrudes into the north-northeast rim, and Wilhelm D is attached to the northeast outer rim. There is an outward protrusion in the southern rim that extends to contact Montanari.

The interior floor of Wilhelm is relatively level, with a rougher area to the northeast. The remainder is flat and almost featureless except for a few tiny craterlets.

Montanari (crater)
Montanari is a lunar impact crater. It is located to the west-southwest of the prominent ray crater Tycho, and is attached to the southern rim of the walled plain Wilhelm. Along the northwestern side is the crater remnant Lagalla, and just to the south is the large walled plain Longomontanus.

The rim of Montanari has been so deeply eroded by impacts that it is now little more than an irregular border around the interior floor. These impacts have distorted the shape of the crater, and have nearly obliterated the southern rim. Ejecta from Longomontanus overlies part of the southern floor. The satellite crater Montanari D lies across the western rim, and covers part of the interior floor. The northern part of the floor is more regular and featureless than the south.