hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic hydrogen electrode
A dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE) is a reference electrode, more specific a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes for electrochemical processes by simulating a reversible hydrogen electrode with an approximately 20 to 40 mV more negative potential.

Standard hydrogen electrode
In electrochemistry, the standard hydrogen electrode (abbreviated SHE), is a redox electrode which forms the basis of the thermodynamic scale of oxidation-reduction potentials. Its absolute electrode potential is estimated to be 4.44 ± 0.02 V at 25 °C, but to form a basis for comparison with all other electrochemical reactions, hydrogen's standard electrode potential (E°) is declared to be zero volts at any temperature. Potentials of all other electrodes are compared with that of the standard hydrogen electrode at the same temperature.
M-matrix
In mathematics, especially linear algebra, an M-matrix is a matrix whose off-diagonal entries are less than or equal to zero (i.e., it is a Z-matrix) and whose eigenvalues have nonnegative real parts. The set of non-singular M-matrices are a subset of the class of P-matrices, and also of the class of inverse-positive matrices (i.e. matrices with inverses belonging to the class of positive matrices). The name M-matrix was seemingly originally chosen by Alexander Ostrowski in reference to Hermann Minkowski, who proved that if a Z-matrix has all of its row sums positive, then the determinant of that matrix is positive.

Hurwitz-stable matrix
In mathematics, a Hurwitz-stable matrix,
or more commonly simply Hurwitz matrix,
is a square matrix whose eigenvalues all have strictly negative real part. Some authors also use the term stability matrix. Such matrices play an important role in control theory.
Rick Steiner
Robert Rechsteiner (born March 9, 1961) is an American professional wrestler and politician, better known by the ring name Rick Steiner.

Steiner is best known for his tenure with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), where he was an eight time World Tag Team Champion (seven times with his brother Scott as half of the Steiner Brothers, and once with Kenny Kaos). In addition to tag team success, he was also a one time United States Heavyweight Champion and a three time World Television Champion. Beyond WCW, Steiner found success in New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he and Scott held the IWGP Tag Team Championship twice, and the World Wrestling Federation (now WWE), where they won the World Tag Team Championship twice.

In addition to his career as a professional wrestler, Steiner also has served as a member for the school board of Cherokee County, Georgia since 2006.

Buff Bagwell
Marcus Alexander Bagwell (born January 10, 1970) is an American retired professional wrestler better known by his ring name, Buff Bagwell. He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1991 to 2001, where he was a five-time World Tag Team Champion.
New York State Route 111
New York State Route 111 (NY 111) is a state highway located in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. It runs north–south for 9.42 miles (15.16 km) through the towns of Islip and Smithtown, connecting NY 27A in the town seat of Islip to the east end of the NY 25 and NY 25A concurrency in Smithtown's Village of the Branch. Most of the road is a two-lane highway, save for several short four-lane stretches in the vicinity of interchanges along the route. NY 111 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York as an East Islip–Village of the Branch highway, using what is now County Route 17 (CR 17) south of Hauppauge. It was realigned to serve the hamlet of Islip in 1966.

Hauppauge, New York
Hauppauge (/ˈhɔːpɒɡ/ HAW-pog) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the towns of Islip and Smithtown in western Suffolk County, New York, on Long Island. The population was 20,803 at the time of the 2020 census.

Despite the official county seat of Suffolk County being Riverhead, situated further east, many of the county's government offices are located in Hauppauge.
Matt Bloom (director)
Matt Bloom is an Emmy winning and BAFTA-nominated  British director of television, commercials and short films, and a graduate of the International Film School Wales.

He directed consecutive new hit shows as lead director: The BAFTA-winning 4 O'Clock Club, All at Sea, Hank Zipzer starring Henry Winkler, The Lodge for Disney Channel, and Find Me in Paris for ZDF.

He was mentored by Moulin Rouge! and Romeo + Juliet director Baz Luhrmann, with whom he made a short film in Manchester starring Brenda Blethyn and Emma Bunton.

His award-winning short film Small Things  starred Stirling Gallacher (The Office, Little Britain) and Joe Absolom (EastEnders, Vincent).  He has recently directed commercials and virals for The Co-operative Group and BBC Comedy, and his latest short horror film, Endless   starring Chris Geere and Jenna Harrison, which won the Best Horror/Sci-Fi award at the London Independent Film Festival.

He directed the Arctic-themed music video "Cold Feet" for Liam Finn.

Hank Zipzer (TV series)
Hank Zipzer is a British  children's television series created by Henry Winkler, based on the book series of the same name by Winkler and Lin Oliver. It stars Nick James as the 12-year-old dyslexic schoolboy, Hank Zipzer. Winkler also portrays Mr. Rock, Hank's music teacher. Unlike the books that took place in Winkler's native United States, the series takes place in London, in the United Kingdom. It also included a 2016 Christmas special, Hank Zipzer's Christmas Catastrophe. HBO Max began streaming all three seasons on May 13, 2022, and began streaming Hank Zipzer's Christmas Catastrophe on December 2, 2022.
Paltan (film)
Paltan (transl. Platoon; Hindi pronunciation: [pəlʈən]) is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language war film written, directed and produced by J. P. Dutta, based on 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes along the Sikkim border after 1962 Sino-Indian War. It stars an ensemble cast with Jackie Shroff, Arjun Rampal, Sonu Sood, Harshvardhan Rane, Rohit Roy, Sonal Chauhan, Monica Gill, Dipika Kakar and many more. The film was theatrically released on 7 September 2018.

Monica Gill
Monica Gill is an American model, actress and beauty pageant titleholder. She won the Miss India Worldwide 2014 on 21 June 2014. She is also Miss India USA winner on 26 November 2013 while serving as Miss India New England. In 2015, she participated in MTV India show India's Next Top Model.
Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli (/ˌtɒriˈtʃɛli/ TORR-ee-CHEL-ee, Italian: [evandʒeˈlista torriˈtʃɛlli] ⓘ; 15 October 1608 – 25 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Benedetto Castelli. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles. The torr is named after him.

Torr
The torr (symbol: Torr) is a unit of pressure based on an absolute scale, defined as exactly ⁠1/760⁠ of a standard atmosphere (101325 Pa).  Thus one torr is exactly ⁠101325/760⁠ pascals (≈ 133.32 Pa).

Historically, one torr was intended to be the same as one "millimetre of mercury", but subsequent redefinitions of the two units made the torr marginally lower (by less than 0.000015%).

The torr is not part of the International System of Units (SI). Even so, it is often combined with the metric prefix milli to name one millitorr (mTorr), equal to 0.001 Torr.

The unit was named after Evangelista Torricelli, an Italian physicist and mathematician who discovered the principle of the barometer in 1644.
Epitympanic recess
The epitympanic recess is the portion of the tympanic cavity (of the middle ear) situated superior to the tympanic membrane.: 414  The recess lodges the head of malleus, and the body of incus.: 416

The mastoid antrum is situated posterior to the recess and opens into the recess at the posterior wall of the recess via the aditus to mastoid antrum.: 416  The ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal creates a prominence upon the medial wall of the recess.: 420

Mastoid part of the temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull. Its rough surface gives attachment to various muscles (via tendons) and it has openings for blood vessels. From its borders, the mastoid part articulates with two other bones.
Proteus syndrome
Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can cause tissue overgrowth involving all three embryonic lineages. Patients with Proteus syndrome tend to have an increased risk of embryonic tumor development. The clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of Proteus syndrome are highly variable, as are its orthopedic manifestations.

Just over 200 cases have been confirmed worldwide, with estimates that about 120 people are currently alive with the condition. As attenuated forms of the disease may exist, there could be many people with Proteus syndrome who remain undiagnosed. Those most readily diagnosed are also the most severely disfigured.

The syndrome is named after the Greek sea god Proteus, who could change his shape. The condition appears to have been first described in the American medical literature by Samia Temtamy and John Rogers in 1976. American pathologist Michael Cohen described it in 1979.

Michael Cohen (doctor)
M. Michael Cohen Jr. (March 28, 1937 – February 11, 2018) was an American pathologist and geneticist who was Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University (Emeritus). He was the first doctor to diagnose Proteus syndrome, in 1979.
Florida State Road 373
State Road 373 (SR 373) or C.K. Steele Memorial Highway is a 1.708-mile-long (2.749 km) east–west state highway in Tallahassee, in the northern part of the U.S. state or Florida. It travels along Orange Avenue between SR 371 and SR 61. In 2018, the Florida Legislature designated the roadway as C.K. Steele Memorial Highway in honor of late civil rights leader Charles Kenzie Steele.

The highway continues eastward along Orange Avenue as County Road 373 (CR 373) until it reaches Blair Stone Road, onto which it turns and travels until reaching U.S. Route 27 (US 27; Apalachee Parkway).

A spur route, SR 373A, formerly traveled south along Springhill Road (CR 2203) to SR 267 in Wakulla County.

Florida State Road 371
State Road 371 (SR 371) runs through Tallahassee as a primarily east west route. In 2018, the Florida Legislature designated the Orange Avenue section of the roadway as C.K. Steele Memorial Highway.

Its western terminus is at State Road 263/Capital Circle; it runs eastwards along Orange Avenue to Lake Bradford Road. Leaving Orange to continue eastwards as State Road 373, it turns north on Lake Bradford Road until reaching Gaines Street.

State Road 371 is an important route through Florida State University, as it passes next to Doak Campbell Stadium.
Coyote Wash (California)
Coyote Wash, an arroyo, and ephemeral stream or wash running east from the Jacumba Mountains through Coyote Wells where it broadens into a wide sandy wash, takes in Myer Creek, South Fork Coyote Wash, Palm Canyon Wash and passes Sackett's Wells, then a point 1.5 miles the north of Plaster City, from which it flows toward the New River, where it sinks into the sands just below sea level, west of the river, in the Yuha Desert in Imperial County, California.

Palm Canyon Wash (Coyote Wash tributary)
Palm Canyon Wash is an arroyo and tributary ephemeral stream or wash running east from the Jacumba Mountains in San Diego County, California to its confluence with Coyote Wash, east northeast of Ocotillo in the Yuha Desert of Imperial County, California at an elevation of 239 feet / 73 meters. Its source is on the east slope of the Jacumba Mountains at 32°42′28″N 116°10′10″W﻿ / ﻿32.70778°N 116.16944°W﻿ / 32.70778; -116.16944, at an elevation of 4,000 feet.
Amelie Morgan
Amelie Morgan (born 31 May 2003) is a British artistic gymnast. She represented Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in the team event. She is the 2021 European Championships bronze medallist on the uneven bars.

As a junior she won the silver medal in the all-around at the 2018 Youth Olympics, as well as a silver medal on floor exercise and a bronze on balance beam. At the 2018 Junior European Championships she won five medals (two silvers and three bronzes)—the most medals won by a British junior female gymnast at the European Championships.

Morgan competed for the Utah Red Rocks from 2021 to 2025, where the team had three third place finishes at the NCAA Championships as well as three Pac-12 Championships titles and one Big 12 Championship title.

Phoebe Jakubczyk
Phoebe Jakubczyk (born 26 August 2003) is a British artistic gymnast. She won a bronze medal with the British junior team at the 2018 European Championships. She won the silver medal in the uneven bars final at the 2019 Szombathely World Challenge Cup. After finishing her international elite career, she joined the Oregon State Beavers women's gymnastics team.
Can-Met Mine
The Can-Met Mine is an abandoned uranium mine located approximately 12.5 km northeast of Elliot Lake, Ontario, owned by Denison Mines Ltd. The site has been rehabilitated and its tailings facility (shared with the Stanrock Mine) is currently undergoing environmental monitoring by Denison Environmental Services.

The site was in operation from 1957 to 1960, during which time it produced 2.6 million tonnes of ore.

Stanrock Mine
The Stanrock Mine is an historical uranium mine located approximately 11.5 km northeast of Elliot Lake, Ontario, owned by Denison Mines. The site has been decommissioned and rehabilitated with ongoing monitoring by Denison Environmental Services.

The site was in operation from 1958 to 1964 as a traditional mining operation. Following the end of large scale drilling and blasting operations, the mine continued production using a leaching technique which utilised water and bacteria. Production contracts were fulfilled by 1970 and all operations ceased. The property was sold to Denison Mines in the early 1970s Total production was 6.4 million tonnes of ore.
G-spot
The G-spot, also called the Gräfenberg spot (after German gynecologist Ernst Gräfenberg), is characterized as an erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potentially female ejaculation. It is typically reported to be located 5–8 cm (2–3 in) up the anterior vaginal wall (towards the urinary system), and is a sensitive area that may be part of the female prostate.

The existence of the G-spot as a distinct structure has not been proven, nor has the source of female ejaculation. Although it has been studied since the 1940s, disagreement persists over its definition and location. The G-spot may be an extension of the clitoris, which may be the actual cause of vaginal orgasms. Sexologists and other researchers are concerned that women may consider themselves to be dysfunctional if they do not experience G-spot stimulation, and emphasize that not experiencing it is normal.

Ernst Gräfenberg
Ernst Gräfenberg (26 September 1881 – 28 October 1957) was a German-born physician and scientist. He developed the intrauterine device (IUD), and studied the role of the woman's urethra in orgasm. The G-spot is named after him.
Prayagraj Express
The 12417 / 12418 Prayagraj Delhi S. F Express is a daily Overnight Superfast Express VVIP train which runs between the cities of Prayagraj (earlier known as Allahabad) and New Delhi, India.

Prayagraj Express along with Shram Shakti Express, Shiv Ganga Express, Lucknow Mail and Shaan-e-Bhopal Express enjoys highest priority all over the route.

Lucknow Mail
The 12229 / 12230  Lucknow S. F Mail is an Daily Mail train of Superfast Express category of Indian Railways running between Lucknow and New Delhi on a daily basis. It is numbered 12229 when starting from Lucknow and terminating at New Delhi, 12230 from New Delhi to Lucknow. It has received an ISO 9000 certification after Bhopal Express. Lucknow Mail is the first LHB train of Indian Railways running permanently with 24 coaches (22 coaches+2 EOG).

Lucknow Mail along with Shram Shakti Express, Prayagraj Express, Shiv Ganga Express and Shaan-e-Bhopal Express enjoys highest priority all over the route.
Lynne McCarthy
Lynne McCarthy (born 29 November 1986) is a South African celebrity, actress, model, author, philanthropist, humanitarian, counsellor, chef, and television presenter. She is best known for her roles in the popular serials Egoli: Place of Gold and Isidingo.

Isidingo
Isidingo was a South African soap opera with dialogue primarily in English and isiXhosa. The series premiered on SABC 3 in July 1998 and was broadcast on weekday evenings at 19:00. Until 2001, it was titled Isidingo: The Need, after which the name was shortened to Isidingo.

After 21 years on air, the SABC announced on 29 November 2019 that the production had been cancelled. The final episode was broadcast on 12 March 2020.
Conversion rate optimization
Conversion rate optimization (CRO) is the systematic process of increasing the percentage of users or website visitors who complete a desired action, such as purchasing a product, subscribing to a service, or submitting contact information.

CRO is widely used across digital platforms including websites, mobile applications, and online marketing campaigns.

Conversion marketing
In electronic commerce, conversion marketing is a marketing technique aimed at increasing conversions—that is, turning site visitors into paying customers.

Conversion marketing addresses low online conversion rates by improving overall customer experience.
Trevor Halford
Trevor Halford MLA is a Canadian politician who has served as the interim leader of the Conservative Party of British Columbia and leader of the Opposition since 2025. He has served as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the electoral district of Surrey-White Rock. Having first been elected in the 2020 provincial election as a member of the BC Liberal Party (later renamed BC United), he was re-elected in 2024 as a member of the Conservative Party.

His position as interim party leader was initially disputed by John Rustad, the ousted leader, and his supporters on December 3, 2025, though Rustad resigned the following day.

Surrey-White Rock
Surrey-White Rock is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Canada.  During the 2008 re-distribution of riding boundaries, Surrey-White Rock kept the majority of its existing region.
Šilobod
The House of Šilobod (Alternatively: Sillobod, Silobad, Shilobod, Šilobad, Šilobodec, Šilobadovic, Shelobod, Šilubod; Cyrillic: Шилобод) are a noble family from Podgrađe Podokićko in the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).

Podgrađe Podokićko
Podgrađe Podokićko is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 162 people. Its appelative Podokićko comes from its location "below Okić".
Demetris Stylianou
Demetris Stylianou (Greek: Δημήτρης Στυλιανού; born July 5, 1984, in Nicosia, Cyprus) is a Cypriot football goalkeeper who currently plays for P.O. Xylotymbou in the Cypriot Second Division.

He has a twin brother, Loukas Stylianou who plays for Chalkanoras Idaliou.

Loukas Stylianou
Loukas Stylianou (born July 5, 1984 in Nicosia, Cyprus) is a Cypriot football defender who currently plays for Chalkanoras Idaliou.

Stylianou played for Thrasyvoulos F.C. in the Greek Beta Ethniki during the 2006–07 season. In the summer of 2009 he signed in Anorthosis Famagusta and then for Digenis Morphou.

He has a twin brother, Demetris Stylianou who plays for Ermis Aradippou.
King (chess)
The king (♔, ♚) is the most important piece in the game of chess. It may move to any adjacent square that is not controlled by an enemy piece; it may also perform, in tandem with the rook, a move called castling. If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check, and the player must remove or evade the threat of capture immediately, such as by moving it away from the attacked square. If this cannot be done, the king is said to be in checkmate, resulting in a loss for the checkmated player. A player cannot make any move that places their own king in check. Despite this, the king can become a strong offensive piece in the endgame or, rarely, the middlegame.

In algebraic notation, the king is abbreviated by the letter K among English speakers. The white king starts the game on e1; the black king starts on e8. Unlike all other pieces, each player can have only one king, and the king is never removed from the board during the game.

Chess middlegame
The middlegame is the portion of a chess game between the opening and the endgame. It is generally considered to begin when each player has completed the development of all or most of their pieces and brought their king to relative safety, and it is generally considered to end when only a few pieces remain on the board. However, there is no clear line between the opening and middlegame or between the middlegame and endgame. At master level, the opening analysis may go well into the middlegame; likewise, the middlegame blends into the endgame.

Theory on the middlegame is less developed than the opening or endgames. Since middlegame positions are unique from game to game, memorization of theoretical variations is not possible as it is in the opening. Likewise, there are usually too many pieces on the board for theoretical positions to be completely analyzed as can be done in the simpler endgames.
1998 ECAC Hockey men's ice hockey tournament
The 1998 ECAC Hockey Men's Ice Hockey Tournament was the 37th tournament in league history. It was played between March 13 and March 21, 1998. Quarterfinal games were played at home team campus sites, while the final five games were played at the Olympic Arena (subsequently renamed Herb Brooks Arena) in Lake Placid, New York. By winning the tournament, Princeton received the ECAC's automatic bid to the 1998 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.

ECAC Hockey
ECAC Hockey is one of the six conferences that compete in NCAA Division I for ice hockey. The conference used to be affiliated with the Eastern College Athletic Conference, a consortium of over 300 colleges in the eastern United States. This relationship ended in 2004; however, the ECAC abbreviation was retained in the name of the hockey conference. ECAC Hockey is the only ice hockey conference with identical memberships in both its women's and men's divisions.

Cornell University has won the most ECAC men's hockey championships with 14, followed by Harvard at 11. ECAC Hockey teams have won 10 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Championships, most recently in 2023.
Combat of the Thirty
The Combat of the Thirty (French: Combat des Trente, Breton: Emgann an Tregont), occurring on 26 March 1351, was an episode in the Breton War of Succession fought to determine who would rule the Duchy of Brittany. It was an arranged fight between selected combatants from both sides of the conflict, fought at a site midway between the Breton castles of Josselin and Ploërmel among 30 champions, knights, and squires on each side. The challenge was issued by Jean de Beaumanoir, a captain of Charles of Blois supported by King Philip VI of France, to Robert Bemborough, a captain of Jean de Montfort supported by Edward III of England.

After a hard-fought battle, the Franco-Breton Blois faction emerged victorious. The combat was later celebrated by medieval chroniclers and balladeers as a noble display of the ideals of chivalry. In the words of Jean Froissart, the warriors "held themselves as valiantly on both sides as if they had been all Rolands and Olivers".

Ploërmel
Ploërmel (French: [ploɛʁmɛl] ⓘ; Breton: Ploermael; Gallo language: Pieurmè) is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany, in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Monterrein was merged into Ploërmel.