hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Abies amabilis
Abies amabilis, commonly known as the Pacific silver fir, is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring in the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range. It is also commonly referred to in English as the white fir, red fir, lovely fir, amabilis fir, Cascades fir, or silver fir.

Fir
Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies (Latin: [ˈabieːs]) in the family Pinaceae. There are approximately 48–65 extant species, found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Eurasia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to Keteleeria, a small genus confined to eastern Asia.

They are tall trees that can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a circular base, and by their cones, which, like those of cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.

The wood of firs is used for pulp to make paper, for plywood, and for indoor construction. Some species serve as Christmas trees, while others are used as decorative trees with their brightly coloured cones. In art, Lucas Cranach the Elder painted Madonna under the fir tree for Wrocław Cathedral in 1510.
Walthamstow Academy
Walthamstow Academy is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Walthamstow, London. Since September 2019, the school has been sponsored by United Learning.

Walthamstow Academy also has a Sixth Form which opened in 2008

United Learning
United Learning is a group of state-funded schools and fee-paying private schools operating in England. United Learning is the trading name for United Church Schools Trust (UCST) and United Learning Trust (ULT). It is one of the largest 10 charities with the most employees in the UK, with central offices in Peterborough, London and Salford. It is governed by a board of trustees and run by an executive team. In 2012, ULT and UCST rebranded to operate under one name, United Learning. They legally remain as two separate charities.
El Malpais National Conservation Area
The El Malpais National Conservation Area is a federally protected conservation area in the U.S. state of New Mexico.  The El Malpais National Conservation area was established in 1987 and is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. The adjoining El Malpais National Monument was established at the same time and is managed by the National Park Service.

The 263,000-acre (1,060 km2) El Malpais NCA includes two wilderness areas — the West Malpais Wilderness and Cebolla Wilderness Area — covering almost 100,000 acres (400 km2).

Cebolla Wilderness
Cebolla Wilderness is a 61,600-acre (24,900 ha) Wilderness area located within the El Malpais National Conservation Area in New Mexico. The area was added to the National Wilderness Preservation System on December 31, 1987, by Public Law 100-225. The  area is a bordered by the Acoma Pueblo to the east and the El Malpais National Monument and New Mexico Highway 117 to the west. Elevations range from 7,000 feet (2,100 m) to 8,200 feet (2,500 m).  The sandstone canyons and mesas of this rimrock area include features such as La Ventana Natural Arch.
Game Developer (website)
Game Developer (known as Gamasutra until 2021) is a website created in 1997 that focuses on aspects of video game development. It is owned and operated by Informa TechTarget and acted as the online sister publication to the print magazine Game Developer prior to the latter's closure in 2013.

Game Developer (magazine)
Game Developer was a magazine for video game creators, originally started in March 1994 by Miller Freeman, Inc as quarterly, later bimonthly, and finally monthly. In each issue, industry leaders and experts shared technical solutions, reviewed new game development tools, and discussed strategies for creating innovative, successful video games. Monthly postmortems dissected the industry's leading games, from AAA console to social and mobile games and beyond, and columns gave insight into deeper development practices from across all disciplines, from design, to programming, to art, to business, and audio. It was closed in 2013 as part of a restructuring at parent company UBM Tech (part of UBM plc) that included the closing of all print publications owned by that company.
Coral Gables, Florida
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.

The city is a Mediterranean-themed planned community known for its historic and affluent character reinforced by its strict zoning, popular landmarks, and tourist sights.

The University of Miami is located in Coral Gables. With 16,479 faculty and staff as of 2021, the university is the largest employer in Coral Gables and second-largest employer in all of Miami-Dade County.

Church of the Little Flower (Coral Gables, Florida)
The Church of the Little Flower is a Catholic church in Coral Gables, Florida founded in 1926.  The church's domed 1951 building was constructed in Spanish Renaissance style,  in keeping with the Spanish Colonial Revival for which Coral Gables is noted.

The church members have long been conspicuously upscale. For most of the 20th century, its members were predominantly Irish-American, political liberals who voted the Democratic ticket, but by the end of the century, the majority of members were Cuban-Americans, who are  known for being politically conservative and voting Republican. Both Floridian contenders for the 2016 Republican nomination for president, Jeb Bush and Marco Rubio, attend Little Flower with their families. The Rubios were married in the church.
Edlaston
Edlaston is a village three miles south of Ashbourne in Derbyshire, just off the A515 road. It is in close proximity to the hamlet of Wyaston, and the civil parish is called Edlaston and Wyaston. It had a population of 220 at the 2011 Census.

It is very rural as the land is light and stony with a clay subsoil, which is suitable for dairy pasture. The village consists of a few farms and cottages and a traditional stone built public house The Shire Horse on the outer east edge of the village. To the west of the village is Edlaston Hall. It and its outbuildings have been converted to multiple dwellings.

Edlaston and Wyaston
Edlaston and Wyaston is a civil parish within the Derbyshire Dales district, in the county of Derbyshire, England. The parish includes the villages of Edlaston and Wyaston. In 2011 the parish had a population of 220, which increased to 241 in the census of 2021. It is 120 miles (190 km) north west of London, 11 miles (18 km) north west of the county city of Derby, and 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) south of the market town of Ashbourne. Edlaston and Wyaston touches the parishes of Clifton and Compton, Osmaston, Rodsley, Shirley, Snelston and Yeaveley. There are seven listed buildings in Edlaston and Wyaston.
Neverita didyma
Neverita didyma, common name the bladder moon snail or moon shell,  is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Like all naticids, this species is a carnivore and a predator.

Naticidae
Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea.

It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270 recent species of naticid snails. This group is assumed to have originated in the late Triassic or in the early Jurassic. Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behaviour.
Drechterland
Drechterland (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdrɛxtərlɑnt] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia. The municipality was formed in 1979, in a merger of the former municipalities of Hoogkarspel, Westwoud and Oosterblokker. Its original name, Bangert, was changed to "Drechterland" in 1980. In 2006, the former municipality of Venhuizen was added to Drechterland.

Venhuizen
Venhuizen (Dutch: [vɛnˈɦœyzə(n)] ⓘ; West Frisian: Fenhúze) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland and the region of West-Frisia, in the municipality of Drechterland. Venhuizen was a separate municipality until 1 January 2006, when it was merged with the existing municipality of Drechterland. It was decided to call the new municipality Drechterland.

On a map of the Hollands Noorderkwartier from 1288 is Venhuizen mentioned as Veenhusen. The name could refer to houses at or in the fen. The Dutch Reformed church dates from the 15th century. The other large church is the Roman Catholic St. Lucaskerk (St. Lucas church), built in 1956. It's also locally called the tough (robust) church (nl: stoere).
Peter Garnavich
Peter M. Garnavich is a faculty member of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Notre Dame. His primary research area is the study of supernovae and their diversity. He has also studied gamma ray bursts and cataclysmic variable stars. Garnavich is a member of a supernova search team that contributed to the discovery of dark energy in 1998. At Notre Dame, Garnavich has developed and participated in collaborations using the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Large Binocular Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Kepler Space Telescope.  He was named a fellow of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in 2024.

Napoleon III Telescope (University of Notre Dame)
The Napoleon III Telescope is an historic 6-inch refracting telescope owned by the University of Notre Dame. The telescope was given to the university in 1867 by French Emperor Napoleon III and is housed in an observatory on the top of the Nieuwland Hall of Science. The objective lens of the telescope was designed by the French physicist Léon Foucault who is best known for a pendulum experiment that demonstrated earth's rotation.
The Prehistoric Man Museum
The Upper Galilee Museum of Prehistory, also known as the  Prehistoric Man Museum, is a museum of prehistory in Kibbutz Ma'ayan Baruch, Israel.

The museum showcases historical artifacts found in and around the kibbutz and houses an extensive collection of prehistoric tools and vessels, including hand axes predating human settlement in the Hulah Valley, around 780,000 BCE.

The museum's collection includes the skeleton of a prehistoric woman, approximately 50 years old, buried with her dog.

The museum also has an ethno-geographic wing with a collection of artifacts and tools from around the world, all made from natural or organic material.

Hula Valley
The Hula Valley (Hebrew: עמק החולה, romanized: ʿEmeq haḤūlā; Arabic: سهل الحولة, romanized: Sahl al-Ḥūlat) is a topographic depression forming a valley and fertile agricultural region in  northern Israel with abundant fresh water that used to be part covered by marshland and Lake Hula. These areas were a breeding ground for mosquitoes carrying malaria and were drained in the 1950s. A small section of the valley was later reflooded in an attempt to revive a nearly extinct ecosystem. It is a major stopover for birds migrating along the Great Rift Valley between Africa, Europe, and Asia, with an estimated 500 million migrating birds now pass through the Hula Valley every year.
Mats Hellström
Mats Hellström (born 12 January 1942 in Stockholm) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician. He was minister of foreign trade from 1983 to 1986, minister for agriculture from 1986 to 1991 and minister of foreign trade again from 1994 to 1996. He replaced Svante Lundkvist as agriculture minister in 1986. During his term as agriculture minister Michael Sohlman was his state secretary.

He was the Swedish Ambassador to Germany from 1996 to 2001. He also served as the governor of Stockholm County between 2002 and 2006.

Svante Lundkvist
Svante Lundkvist (20 July 1919 – 9 July 1991) was a Swedish trade unionist and social democratic politician. He held various cabinet posts, including minister of communication, minister of civil service affairs and minister of agriculture. He was a long-term member of the Parliament serving between 1959 and 1986.
Aichi Mizuho College
Aichi Mizuho College (愛知みずほ大学, Aichi mizuho daigaku) is a private university with campuses in Mizuho-ku, Nagoya and Toyota, Aichi in Japan. The predecessor of the school, Aichi Mizuho Junior College, a junior college, was established in 1940, and it became a four-year college in 1993.

Toyota, Aichi
Toyota (豊田市, Toyota-shi; pronounced [toꜜjota ɕi]), formerly known as Koromo, is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 426,162 and a population density of 464 people per km2. The total area was 918.32 square kilometres (354.57 sq mi). It is located about 50 minutes from Nagoya by way of the Meitetsu Toyota Line.

Several of Toyota Motor Corporation's manufacturing plants, including the Tsutsumi plant, are located there. The longstanding ties between the Toyota Motor Corporation and the town of Toyota, formerly known as Koromo (挙母市, Koromo-shi), gave the town its current name. The city's flag (and seal), is a unicursal hexagram.
Abfraction
Abfraction is a theoretical concept explaining a loss of tooth structure not caused by tooth decay (non-carious cervical lesions). It is suggested that these lesions are caused by forces placed on the teeth during biting, eating, chewing and grinding; the enamel, especially at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), undergoes large amounts of stress, causing micro fractures and tooth tissue loss. Abfraction appears to be a modern condition, with examples of non-carious cervical lesions in the archaeological record typically caused by other factors.

Dental attrition
Dental attrition is a type of tooth wear caused by tooth-to-tooth contact, resulting in loss of tooth tissue, usually starting at the incisal or occlusal surfaces. Tooth wear is a physiological process and is commonly seen as a normal part of aging. Advanced and excessive wear and tooth surface loss can be defined as pathological in nature, requiring intervention by a dental practitioner. The pathological wear of the tooth surface can be caused by bruxism, which is clenching and grinding of the teeth. If the attrition is severe, the enamel can be completely worn away leaving underlying dentin exposed, resulting in an increased risk of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. It is best to identify pathological attrition at an early stage to prevent unnecessary loss of tooth structure as enamel does not regenerate.
Microfoundations
Microfoundations are an effort to understand macroeconomic phenomena in terms of individual agents' economic behavior and interactions. Research in microfoundations explores the link between macroeconomic and microeconomic principles in order to explore the aggregate relationships in macroeconomic models.

During recent decades, macroeconomists have attempted to combine microeconomic models of individual behaviour to derive the relationships between macroeconomic variables. Presently, many macroeconomic models, representing different theories, are derived by aggregating microeconomic models, allowing economists to test them with both macroeconomic and microeconomic data. However, microfoundations research is still heavily debated with management, strategy and organization scholars having varying views on the "micro-macro" link. The study of microfoundations is gaining popularity even outside the field of economics, recent development includes operation management and project studies.

General equilibrium theory
In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part of an economy while its other factors are held constant.

General equilibrium theory both studies economies using the model of equilibrium pricing and seeks to determine in which circumstances the assumptions of general equilibrium will hold. The theory dates to the 1870s, particularly the work of French economist Léon Walras in his pioneering 1874 work Elements of Pure Economics. The theory reached its modern form with the work of Lionel W. McKenzie (Walrasian theory), Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu (Hicksian theory) in the 1950s.
Tenkasi district
Tenkasi district (Tamil: [t̪eŋɡaːsi]) is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India, separated from Tirunelveli district on 22 November 2019. The Government of Tamil Nadu announced its creation on 18 July 2019. The district headquarters is at Tenkasi.

Sankarankovil
Sankarankovil is a town in the Tenkasi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the eastern slopes of Western Ghats. The town houses the Sankara Narayanasamy Temple. Sankarankovil is also largest town in Tenkasi district.
Valentin Serov
Valentin Alexandrovich Serov (Russian: Валенти́н Алекса́ндрович Серо́в; 19 January [O.S. 7 January] 1865 – 5 December 1911) was a Russian painter and draughtsman, generally considered the primary portraitist of his generation.

Girl with Peaches
Girl with Peaches (Russian: Девочка с персиками, romanized: Devochka s Persikami) is an 1887 painting by the Russian painter Valentin Serov.

It is considered to be one of Serov's greatest works and one of his most famous. Serov's friend and biographer, Russian art historian Igor Grabar, acclaimed it as "the masterpiece of Russian painting". According to the book 1000 Drawings of Genius, although the style of the painting (and Serov's early style in general) "has much in common with the French Impressionists, [Serov] did not become acquainted with their work until after he had painted [it]".
Indiana State Prison
The Indiana State Prison is a maximum security Indiana Department of Correction prison for adult males; however, minimum security housing also exists on the confines. It is located in Michigan City, Indiana, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Chicago. The average daily inmate population in November 2006 was 2,200, 2,165 in 2011. The Indiana State Prison was established in 1860. It was the second state prison in Indiana. One of the most famous prisoners to be in the Michigan City prison was bank robber John Dillinger, who was released on parole in 1933.

The prison houses all the male death row inmates in the state. It appeared in the ITV documentary Inside Death Row with Trevor McDonald.

Indiana was planning to close the prison in Michigan City after a new prison opens in Westville. A more recent report says the prison will remain open.

Michigan City, Indiana
Michigan City is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It had a population of 32,075 at the 2020 census. Located along Lake Michigan in the Michiana region, the city is about 45 miles (72 km) east of Chicago and is 40 miles (64 km) west of South Bend.

Michigan City is noted for both its proximity to Indiana Dunes National Park and for bordering Lake Michigan. It receives a fair amount of tourism during the summer, especially by residents of Chicago and nearby cities in Northern Indiana. It is connected to Chicago via the South Shore Line passenger train.
Astoria Stakes
The Astoria Stakes is a long-lived race for two-year-old Thoroughbred fillies run at Belmont Park in early June during the Belmont Stakes carnival.  Originally set at a distance of five furlongs, beginning in the year 1940, the event was increased to five and a half furlongs on the dirt.  The race currently offers a $150,000 purse.

This race began at Gravesend Race Track in 1902 where it stayed until 1910.  It then moved to Aqueduct Racetrack to be contested from 1914 to 1955, and again from 1960 to 1974. It was at Jamaica Race Course 1956, 1958, and 1959.

From 1985 through 1994 the Astoria Stakes held Grade III status.

Named after a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, it would have been in its 103rd running in 2009, but due to the 2008 financial crisis, the Astoria was canceled by the NYRA as they adjusted races to meet the new Grade I standard purse of $300,000. The race was run again in 2014 as an overnight stakes.

Gravesend Race Track
Gravesend Race Track was a Thoroughbred horse racing facility in the Gravesend neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, that opened in 1886 and closed in 1910. The track was built by the Brooklyn Jockey Club with the backing of Philip and Michael Dwyer, two wealthy racing stable owners known as the Dwyer Brothers. Philip, the controlling shareholder of the Brooklyn Jockey Club, served as its president.

Gravesend Race Track hosted the Preakness Stakes for fourteen years, from 1894 to 1907.
Roger Melin
Roger Melin (born April 25, 1956) is a Swedish ice hockey coach and former player who most recently served as head coach of Leksands IF of the SHL. He has also previously coached SHL clubs Brynäs IF, Färjestad BK, Frölunda HC, AIK and Linköping HC, as well as Hammarby IF and Rögle BK in the Swedish second-tier league. His playing career included five seasons in the Elitserien, with AIK, Örebro IK, and Hammarby, as well as several seasons in the second and third tiers with Väsby IK. His brief stint in North America during the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons was mostly spent in the Central Hockey League, though he also played 3 National Hockey League games with the Minnesota North Stars

He has been named Swedish ice hockey's Coach of the Year (Årets coach) on two occasions, first following Brynäs IF's Swedish championship title in 1999, and later for coaching AIK to the semifinals in 2011 in their first season after being promoted to Elitserien.

Coach of the Year (ice hockey)
The Swedish Ice Hockey Coach of the Year (Swedish: Årets Coach) has been awarded to the best ice hockey coach in Sweden each season since the 1991–92 season. The award was created in honor of Arne Strömberg, and Kamratföreningen Hockeyjournalisterna is the jury which votes on the award. The award has usually gone to a coach in the top-tier league (SHL/Elitserien), although the award is not specific to the top-tier league.
Thermal pressure coefficient
In thermodynamics, thermal pressure coefficient is a measure of the relative pressure change of a fluid or a solid in response to a temperature change at constant volume. In an ideal gas, pressure increases linearly with increasing temperature.

The thermal pressure  is customarily expressed in its simple form as

Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change. In its simple form, the compressibility  (denoted β in some fields) may be expressed as

,

where V is volume and p is pressure. The choice to define compressibility as the negative of the fraction makes compressibility positive in the (usual) case that an increase in pressure induces a reduction in volume. The reciprocal of compressibility at fixed temperature is called the isothermal bulk modulus.