hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georg Adolf Erman
Georg Adolf Erman (12 May 1806 – 12 July 1877) was a German physicist.

Erman was born in Berlin as the son of Paul Erman. He studied natural science at the universities of Berlin and Königsberg, spent from 1828 to 1830 in a journey round the world, an account of which he published in Reise um die Erde durch Nordasien und die beiden Ozeane (1833-1848). The magnetic observations he made during his travels were utilized by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his theory of terrestrial magnetism. He was appointed professor of physics at Berlin in 1839, and died there in 1877.

From 1841 to 1865 he edited the Archiv für wissenschaftliche Kunde von Russland, and in 1874 he published, with H. J. R. Petersen, Die Grundlagen der Gauss'schen Theorie und die Erscheinungen des Erdmagnetismus im Jahre 1829.

Erman married, Marie Bessel, daughter of Friedrich Bessel, and they were the parents of Johann Peter Adolf Erman.

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (German: [ˈbɛsl̩]; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method of parallax. Certain important mathematical functions were first studied systematically by Bessel and were named Bessel functions in his honour.
Grant H. Palmer
Grant Hart Palmer (August 17, 1940 – September 25, 2017) was an American author and critic of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Palmer taught seminaries and institutes of religion for thirty-four years in the Church Educational System, and served as a chaplain at the Salt Lake County jail for thirteen years. In 2002 Signature Books published Grant's book, An Insider's View of Mormon Origins, in which Grant scrutinized many of Mormonism's foundational stories. Grant went on to publish two additional books, The Incomparable Christ in 2005, and Restoring Christ: Leaving Mormon Jesus for Jesus of the Gospels.

Mormon Stories Podcast
Mormon Stories Podcast is a podcast principally hosted by psychologist John Dehlin featuring interviews with individuals and occasionally scholars on Mormon topics. The podcasts are noted as a platform for individuals critical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), skeptic and dissident individuals.
Karen Greenhalgh
Karen Starling Greenhalgh is an American politician who represented the 85th district in the Virginia House of Delegates from 2022 to 2024. She is a Republican.

In the 2023 Virginia House of Delegates election, she was redistricted to the 97th district but was unseated by Democrat Michael Feggans.

Michael Feggans
Michael B. Feggans (born July 10, 1983) is an American veteran, cybersecurity specialist, and politician serving as a Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates from the 97th district.

Feggans was re-elected in the 2025 Virginia House of Delegates election.
Charles Samuels (maroon)
Charles Samuels (d. c. early 1800s) was a maroon officer from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town), and he was the brother of Captain Andrew Smith. Both officers reported to Colonel Montague James, the leader of Trelawny Town.

Andrew Smith (Maroon)
Andrew Smith (died c. early 1800s) was a Maroon officer from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town). His brother, Charles Samuels, was also an officer from Trelawny Town, and both officers reported to Colonel Montague James.
The Great Gatsby (1926 film)
The Great Gatsby is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by Herbert Brenon. It was the first film adaptation of the 1925 novel of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Warner Baxter portrayed Jay Gatsby, Lois Wilson portrayed Daisy Buchanan and Neil Hamilton portrayed Nick Carraway. The film was produced by Famous Players–Lasky, and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

The Great Gatsby is now considered lost. A vintage movie trailer displaying short clips of the film still exists.

Neil Hamilton (actor)
James Neil Hamilton (September 9, 1899 – September 24, 1984) was an American stage, film and television actor, best remembered for his role as Commissioner Gordon on the Batman TV series of the 1960s, having first played a character by that name in 1928's Three Week-Ends. During his motion picture career, which spanned more than a half century, Hamilton performed in over 260 productions in the silent and sound eras.
Action Conservative Movement
Action Conservative Movement (ACM; Japanese: 行動する保守, romanized: Kōdō-suru hoshu) is an umbrella term for a number of conservative activist groups that emerged in Japan beginning in the second half of the 2000s.

The groups are considered to be ultranationalist and far right (uyoku dantai), associated with the use of hate speech, and associated with the far right internet movement in Japan (netto-uyoku).

Uyoku dantai
Uyoku dantai (右翼団体; lit. 'right-wing groups') are Japanese ultranationalist and far-right activists, provocateurs, and internet trolls (as netto-uyoku) often organized in groups. In 1996 and 2013, the National Police Agency estimated that there were over 1,000 right-wing groups in Japan, with about 100,000 members in total.
Nikon Z5
The Nikon Z5 is a full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera produced by Nikon. The camera was officially announced on July 21, 2020, at the price of US$1,399.00. It is an entry-level full-frame camera that uses Nikon's Z-mount system, becoming the third full-frame Z-mount body and the fourth Z-mount camera body.

The Nikon Z5 was succeeded by the Nikon Z5II on April 3, 2025.

Nikon Z5II
The Nikon Z5II is a full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera produced by Nikon. The camera was officially announced on April 3, 2025, at the price of US$1,696. It is an entry-level full-frame camera that uses Nikon's Z-mount system. It is the successor to the Nikon Z5 released in 2020, becoming the tenth full-frame Z-mount body and the fourteenth Z-mount camera body.

When launched, Nikon used marketing slogans: English: “Truly Together.”, Japanese: "さあ、どう撮ろう"
SS John B. Cowle (1902)
SS John B. Cowle was one of the early Great Lakes bulk freighters known as "tin pans".  She was the first of two ships named for prominent Cleveland, Ohio citizen and shipbuilder John Beswick Cowle.  In 1909 on her maiden voyage SS Isaac M. Scott rammed John B. Cowle in heavy fog off Whitefish Point. John B. Cowle sank in three minutes, taking 14 of her 24-man crew with her. Artifacts from her wreck were illegally removed in the 1980s. Her artifacts are now the property of the State of Michigan and are on display as a loan to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum.  The wreck of John B. Cowle is protected as part of an underwater museum in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve.

Whitefish Point Light
The Whitefish Point Light is a lighthouse located in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located on the southeastern shores of Lake Superior, it sits at the edge of Whitefish Point leading to Whitefish Bay. Constructed in 1849 by congress, it is the oldest operating lighthouse in the Upper Peninsula. All vessels entering or exiting Lake Superior pass near Whitefish Point. The area is infamously known as the "Graveyard of the Great Lakes" due to the high number of shipwrecks in the area, most famously the SS Edmund Fitzgerald.

The lighthouse is part of the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum complex, which contains numerous relics from shipwrecks of the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve, including the bell of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald. The lighthouse itself was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and again as a Michigan State Historic Site in 1974.
The Craving (album)
The Craving is the debut and only album by American rock band MD.45, released on July 23, 1996, on Slab Records, a subsidiary of Capitol Records. A remastered version was released in 2004 on Capitol Records which features the original vocals by Lee Ving removed and re-recorded by the band's guitarist, Dave Mustaine. Mustaine stated that he replaced Ving's original vocal tracks "to entice interest from Megadeth fans who might have overlooked the original."

Many of the songs from the album were originally written for Megadeth, but due to the band almost breaking up, Mustaine decided to start a side project instead.

On June 24, 2023, Megadeth and Lee Ving performed the song "Nothing is Something" live at a concert in Tampa, Florida. This marks the only time an MD.45 song has been performed live.

Lee Ving
Lee James Jude Capallero (born April 10, 1950), also known as Lee Ving, is an American guitarist, singer, and actor. 
Ving is the frontman of the Los Angeles-based hardcore punk band Fear. As an actor, Ving played topless club owner Johnny C. in Flashdance (1983), motorcycle gang leader Greer in Streets of Fire (1984) and murder victim Mr. Boddy in the murder mystery film Clue (1985).
He also played the Installer in the movie The Wild Life (1984) with Christopher Penn.
Logan Road
Logan Road, allocated state routes 95 and 30, is a major road in Brisbane, Queensland. It runs 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Springwood in  Logan City to Woolloongabba in Brisbane, with most of the route signed as state route 95. The route was formerly the main route to the Gold Coast from Brisbane, until the South East Freeway (now Pacific Motorway) was built.

The road runs close to the Gabba and Greenslopes Private Hospital, Mount Gravatt, past Westfield Garden City and the Upper Mount Gravatt busway station. Logan Road provides the quickest access to Mount Gravatt from the south, as well as being the main access road for the Westfield Garden City Shopping Centre.  At the road's southern extent it is crossed by both the Pacific Motorway and Gateway Motorway.  At Underwood Kingston Road splits off to become a major road into central Logan City.

Mount Gravatt, Queensland
Mount Gravatt is a southern suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and a prominent hill and lookout within this suburb (27°32′34″S 153°04′22″E﻿ / ﻿27.5428°S 153.0728°E﻿ / -27.5428; 153.0728﻿ (Mount Gravatt (mountain))). In the 2021 census, Mount Gravatt had a population of 3,733 people.
Paston, Norfolk
Paston is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of North Walsham and 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south-east of Cromer. It is 19.2 miles (30.9 km) north-east of the city of Norwich. The village sits astride the coast road between Mundesley and Bacton. The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between Sheringham, Cromer and Norwich. The nearest airport is Norwich International.

The village gives its name to the Pastonian Stage, a British regional subdivision of the Pleistocene Epoch. The village was served by Paston & Knapton railway station on the North Walsham to Cromer section of the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway from 1881 until 1964.

Paston & Knapton railway station
Paston and Knapton railway station was a station in North Norfolk on the Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway line between Cromer Beach and North Walsham. It served the settlements of Paston and Knapton, through it was nearer to the latter. It closed on 5 October 1964 to passengers and to goods on 28 December 1964.
Proposed Philippine Basketball Association arena
The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) has played its games across a variety of venues throughout its more than fifty-year long history, but the league has also sought to build an arena of its own. The idea was first brought up by Noli Eala during his tenure as commissioner and again by then-chairman Buddy Encarnado in 2010.

In the mid-2020s, the PBA began a greater push to have their own dedicated venue. In 2024, the league secured the rights to have an arena built at Metrowalk in Pasig. In 2026, it sought a partnership with the Philippine Sports Commission and the University of the Philippines for the PBA to build the facility in UP's Diliman campus in Quezon City. The capacity for the UP Diliman site will range between 8,000 to 10,000 spectators.

Metrowalk
Metrowalk is a commercial hub in Pasig in the Philippines. It is located on a 5,000 square meters (54,000 sq ft) parcel of land at the junction of Ortigas and Meralco Avenues in the Ortigas Center central business district of the metro. Shops, restaurants, nightlife bars, and pirated media markets were present in the area.

It occupies a large part of the 18-hectare (180,000 m2) Payanig sa Pasig property that is claimed by numerous parties as a result of its 1986 sequestration by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) as part of the Ill-gotten wealth of the Marcos family.
Greenmarket Square refugee sit-in
The Greenmarket Square refugee sit-in was a sit-in protest by a group of refugees for the purpose of getting relocated to a country outside of South Africa in response to xenophobia in the country. It lasted from 8 October 2019 when protestors first occupied the Waldorf Arcade to 2 April 2020 when the last group of protestors were evicted from the Central Methodist Mission church. The protestors demanded that UNHCR assist them with being relocated to a third country outside of South Africa and other than their country of origin. At its height the protest grew to include about 624 protestors, including 65 undocumented refugees, according to a lawyer for the South African Department of Home Affairs.

Central Methodist Church, Cape Town
The Central Methodist Church, also known as the Central Methodist Mission or Metropolitan Methodist Church, is a large and historically important Methodist church located on Greenmarket Square in Cape Town, South Africa. The church has played a significant role in the growth of Methodism in South Africa. In 1988, the Metropolitan Church merged with Buitenkant Street Church, forming the Central Methodist Mission.
Rhynchorthoceras
Rhynchorthoceras is a Middle Ordovician genus characterized by a rapidly expanded, weakly annulate orthocone, like the orthoconic section of Ancistroceras, but with only a curved, cyrtoconic apex instead of juvenile whorls.

Rhynchorthoceras is probably derived from Ancistroceras by a loss of the tarphycerid type apex, although it has been included with the orthocerid Sinoceratidae.

Ancistroceras
Ancistroceras is one of the two ancestral lituitids from the late Early Ordovician (Arenigian). The other being Holmiceras.

The shell is weakly annulate, starts off with 1.5 to 2 contiguous or slightly separated whorls followed by a rapidly expanding orthocone with an apical angle of about 30 deg. Growth lines are sinuous, show a pronounced hyponomic sinus in the coiled juvenile portion at the apex but almost none at the mature aperture of the orthcone.  Holmiceras is similar except that its whorls are more loosely coiled and it is known only from the Arenigian whereas Ancistroceras ranges through most of the Middle Ordovician.

Ancistroceras may have given rise to Rhynchorthoceras by a loss of the juvenile coiled portion, replacing it with a short semi-tubular cyrtoconic section. Ancistroceras may also have given rise to Lituites by evolving a narrower, less rapidly expanding, orthocone along with greater ornament and a complex aperture.
Veijo Pasanen
Veijo Antero Pasanen (14 October 1930 – 17 February 1988) was a Finnish actor. He was related to director and inventor Pertti "Spede" Pasanen.

Pasanen is perhaps best remembered for his role as Pelle Hermanni (Herman the Clown) in the children's TV series Pikku Kakkonen. In 1988, Pelle Hermanni's "äitiliini" ("dear old mother") Raili Veivo continued the series, but died a few years after Pasanen. In 1992, a new series starring Tommi Auvinen as clown-in-training Niko was started as a successor of Pelle Hermanni, but the series was discontinued after ten episodes.

Pasanen was a good friend of children and is said to have practiced children's plays more intensively than adult drama. He was a distant cousin of Pertti "Spede" Pasanen.

He has one child with his wife Marjatta Lilja.

Spede Pasanen
Pertti Olavi "Spede" Pasanen (10 April 1930 – 7 September 2001) was a Finnish film director and producer, comedian, and inventor, who has been called an "all-around entertainer". During his career he directed, wrote, produced or acted in about 50 movies and participated in numerous TV productions, including the comedy Spede Show and the game-show Speden Spelit. Much of his more commercial work was in collaboration with Vesa-Matti Loiri (whose most popular character created by Pasanen was Uuno Turhapuro; first in TV sketches and then in a long-lasting series of motion pictures) and Simo Salminen. Pasanen's films and TV shows, often made quickly and on a low budget, usually received little critical recognition but were popular among Finnish audiences from the 1960s onwards. He was the owner of his own film production company, Filmituotanto Spede Pasanen Ky. Pasanen was ranked 17th at the Suuret suomalaiset competition show broadcast by Yleisradio.
S v Bhulwana; S v Gwadiso
In S v Bhulwana; S v Gwadiso, the Constitutional Court of South Africa established the unconstitutionality of a reverse onus provision applying to the offence of drug dealing under the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, 1992. Under section 21(1)(a)(i) of the Act, accused persons found in possession of over 150 grams of dagga were presumed guilty of dealing in dagga unless their innocence was proved in court. Handing down a unanimous judgment on 29 November 1995, Justice Kate O'Regan held that this provision violated the presumption of innocence and therefore the constitutional right to a fair trial.

Kate O'Regan
Catherine "Kate" O'Regan (born 17 September 1957) is a former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. From 2013 to 2014 she was a commissioner of the Khayelitsha Commission and is now the inaugural director of the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights at the University of Oxford.
Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies
Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies (Italian: Maria Antonia delle Due Sicilie) (19 December 1814 – 7 November 1898), was a princess of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies by birth and Grand Duchess of Tuscany from 1833 to 1859 as the consort of Leopold II.

She is also known as Marie Antoinette of the Two Sicilies or Marie Antoinette of Tuscany, since in the Bourbon and Habsburg-Lorraine families this form was used for princesses called Maria Antonia.

Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria
Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria (Italian: Carlo Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Filippo Jacopo Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero; German: Karl Salvator Maria Joseph Johann Baptist Philipp Jakob Januarius Ludwig Gonzaga Rainer; 30 April 1839 in Florence – 18 January 1892 in Vienna), was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg.
The Barkleys of Broadway
The Barkleys of Broadway is a 1949 American Technicolor musical comedy film from the Arthur Freed unit at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer that reunited Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers after ten years apart. Directed by Charles Walters, the screenplay is by Betty Comden, Adolph Green, and Sidney Sheldon, the songs are by Harry Warren (music) and Ira Gershwin (lyrics) with the addition of "They Can't Take That Away from Me" by George and Ira Gershwin, and the choreography was created by Robert Alton and Hermes Pan. Also featured in the cast were Oscar Levant, Billie Burke, Jacques François and Gale Robbins. It is the last film that Astaire and Rogers made together, and their only film together in color. Rogers came in as a last-minute replacement for Judy Garland, whose frequent absences due to a dependence on prescription medication cost her the role.

Jacques François
Henri Jacques Daniel Paul François (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒak danjɛl pɔl fʁɑ̃swa]; 16 May 1920 – 25 November 2003), known as Jacques François was a French actor. During a sixty-year career (1942–2002) he appeared in more than 120 films and over 30 stage productions.
Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás
Alfonso Enríquez de Santo Tomás (9 June 1631 – 30 July 1692) was a Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Osma (1661–1663), Bishop of Plasencia (1664–1664) and Bishop of Malaga (1664–1692). He was an illegitimate son of King Felipe IV of Spain.

He was officially the "legitimate and natural son" of José Enríquez de Guzmán y de Porres, gentleman of the King's chambers, and Constanza de Ribera y Orozco, lady-in-waiting to Queen Isabel de Borbón. The reality was very different: the child was the fruit of a love affair of King Felipe IV of Spain with the aforementioned lady. His legal father was forced to marry Constance in a hurry, for which he was rewarded by the monarch.

At seventeen, the young aristocrat decided to embrace Dominican religious life and renounce his noble titles. He first became Bishop of Osma and Bishop of Plasencia, before being appointed Bishop of Malaga, a position he would hold for 28 years until his death.

Diocese of Plasencia
The Diocese of Plasencia (Latin: Dioecesis Placentina in Hispania) is a suffragan Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Mérida-Badajoz, in Extremadura, western Spain.

Its cathedral episcopal see is the Catedral Nueva Gótica de Santa María (Gothic new cathedral), dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in the city of Plasencia, which also has the Romanesque former cathedral Catedral Vieja Románica de San Pablo, dedicated to St. Paul.
Silver Case
Silver Case is a multi-awarded independent feature film, produced and directed by Christian Filippella, starring Oscar Nominees actors Eric Roberts and Seymour Cassel, Brian Keith Gamble, Chris Facey, Vincent De Paul, Shalim Ortiz, Claire Falconer, Kelvin Han Yee, Brad Light, Art Hsu, Stanely B. Herman, and Fernanda Romero.

Silver Case premiered at the Rome Film Festival and has received many awards worldwide. The film also won 5 Indie Awards at the Indie Fest, best feature and best director at the LA Film & TV Festival and the Spirit of Independent Award at the 26th Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival.

The film was shot at various locations in California and Italy.

Fernanda Romero
Fernanda Romero (born as María Fernanda Romero Martínez on October 4, 1983) is a Mexican actress, model and singer.  She is most noted for her starring role in the Mexican telenovela Eternamente tuya and her supporting role in the American film The Eye.
Isshiki, Aichi
Isshiki (一色町, Isshiki-chō) was a town located in Hazu District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

As of May 1, 2004, the village had an estimated population of 23,775 and a population density of 1,055.25 persons per km2. Its total area was 22.53 km2.

Isshiki was a coastal settlement in southern Aichi Prefecture, on Mikawa Bay. The town economy was based on commercial fishing, horticulture and seasonal tourism. The modern town was founded on October 1, 1923, and expanded in August 1954 by merging with adjacent Sakuma Village.

On April 1, 2011, Isshiki, along with the towns of Hazu and Kira (all from Hazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Nishio. Hazu District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Kira, Aichi
Kira (吉良町, Kira-chō) was a town located in Hazu District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

As of May 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 22,280 and a population density of 619.2 persons per km2. Its total area was 35.98 km2.

Kira was a coastal settlement in southern Aichi Prefecture, on Mikawa Bay. The town economy was based on commercial fishing and seasonal tourism. The town was founded in 1906, and expanded in March 1955 by merging with adjacent Yokosuka Village.

On April 1, 2011, Kira, along with the towns of Hazu and Isshiki (all from Hazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Nishio. Hazu District was dissolved as a result of this merger.