hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monocacy National Battlefield
Monocacy National Battlefield is a unit of the National Park Service, the site of the Battle of Monocacy in the American Civil War fought on July 9, 1864. The battlefield straddles the Monocacy River southeast of the city of Frederick, Maryland. The battle, labeled "The Battle That Saved Washington," was one of the last the Confederates would carry out in Union territory. The two opposing leaders were General Jubal Early, fighting for the South, and General Lew Wallace, fighting for the North.

14th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Monument
The 14th New Jersey monument is a memorial monument located on the Monocacy battlefield in Frederick, Maryland, United States. It stands to honor the men of the volunteer force that protected the Monocacy Junction during the crucial winter of 1863-1864.  Their halting of Confederate troops from advancing Northward played a significant role in the Union territory control.
U.S. Route 26
U.S. Highway 26 (US 26) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway that runs from Seaside, Oregon, to Ogallala, Nebraska. When the U.S. Numbered Highway System was first defined, it was limited to Nebraska and Wyoming; by the 1950s, it continued into Idaho and Oregon. The highway's eastern terminus is in Ogallala at an intersection with Interstate 80 (I-80). Its western terminus is south of Seaside at an intersection with US 101. Prior to 2004, the route's last 20 miles (32 km) were cosigned with US 101 from the highways' junction south of Seaside north to Astoria where its intersection with US 30 was also US 30's western terminus. Long segments of the highway follow the historic Oregon Trail. At its peak, immediately before the establishment of the Interstate Highway System, US 26 was 1,557 miles (2,506 km) in length and terminated in Astoria.

U.S. Route 93
U.S. Route 93 (US 93) is a major north–south 1,359-mile (2,187 km) U.S. Numbered Highway in the western United States, that connects U.S. Route 60  (US 60) in Wickenburg, Arizona, with British Columbia Highway 93 at the Canadian border (north of Eureka, Montana). The highway passes through Kingman, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; Twin Falls, Idaho; and Missoula, Montana.
Perceptual quantizer
The perceptual quantizer (PQ), published by SMPTE as SMPTE ST 2084, is a transfer function that allows for HDR display by replacing the gamma curve used in SDR. Its 0–1 value range represents luminance levels from 0 to 10,000 cd/m2 (nits). It was developed by Dolby and standardized in 2014 by SMPTE and also in 2016 by ITU in Rec. 2100. ITU specifies the use of PQ or HLG as transfer functions for HDR-TV. PQ is the basis of HDR video formats (such as Dolby Vision, HDR10 and HDR10+) and is also used for HDR still picture formats. PQ is not backward compatible with the BT.1886 EOTF (i.e. the gamma curve of SDR), while HLG is compatible.

PQ is a non-linear transfer function based on the human visual perception of banding and is able to produce no visible banding in 12 bits. A power function (used as EOTFs in standard dynamic range applications) extended to 10000 cd/m2 would have required 15 bits.

Standard-dynamic-range video
Standard-dynamic-range video (SDR video) is a video technology which represents light intensity based on the brightness, contrast and color characteristics and limitations of a cathode ray tube (CRT) display. SDR video is able to represent a video or picture's colors with a maximum luminance around 100 cd/m2, a black level around 0.1 cd/m2 and Rec.709 / sRGB color gamut. It uses the gamma curve as its electro-optical transfer function.

The first CRT television sets were manufactured in 1934 and the first color CRT television sets were manufactured in 1954. The term "standard-dynamic-range video" was adopted to distinguish SDR video from high-dynamic-range video (HDR video), a new technology that was developed in the 2010s to overcome SDR's limits.
Dèvè
Dèvè is an arrondissement in the Kouffo department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Dogbo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7,906.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Vale and Downland Museum
The Vale and Downland Museum is a local history museum in the market town of Wantage, Oxfordshire, England.

Often described as a hidden gem the museum is housed in the 'Old Surgery', Church Street, in the centre of the town, opposite the Church of St Peter and St Paul

Its galleries present the cultural heritage of the Vale of White Horse region around Wantage. They have a Victorian kitchen, Iron Age skeleton, a life sized bronze statue of Wantage born Lester Piggott, a bust of Sir John Betjeman, Williams F1 display and lots more.

The museum is a community hub which has many things to offer the community. A programme of adult talks, a research library, a monthly book group, monthly music sessions for pre-schoolers as well as themed family days throughout the school holidays

There is a cafe and admission to the museum is free.

Wantage
Wantage (/ˈwɒntɪdʒ/) is a historic market town and civil parish at the foot of the Berkshire Downs in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England. Historically in Berkshire, it has been administered as part of Oxfordshire since 1974. The town is on Letcombe Brook, 8 miles (13 km) south-west of Abingdon, 14 miles (23 km) north-west of Newbury, and 15 miles (24 km) south-west of Oxford.

It was the birthplace of King Alfred the Great in 849.
Manjampatti Valley
Manjampatti Valley is a 110.9 km2 (42.8 sq mi) protected area in the eastern end of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWS&NP) in Tirupur District, Tamil Nadu, South India. It is a pristine drainage basin of shola and montane rainforest with high biodiversity recently threatened by illegal land clearing and cultivation.

Anamalai Tiger Reserve
Anamalai Tiger Reserve, earlier known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park and as Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, is a protected area in the Anaimalai Hills of Pollachi and Valparai taluks of Coimbatore District and Udumalaipettai taluk in Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India. The Tamil Nadu Environment and Forests Department by a notification dated 27 June 2007, declared an extent of 958.59 km2 that encompassed the erstwhile IGWLS&NP or Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, as Anaimalai Tiger Reserve under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. According to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the Reserve presently includes a core area of 958.59 km2 and buffer/peripheral area of 521.28 km2 forming a total area of 1479.87 km2.
Hilton Princess San Salvador Hotel
Barceló San Salvador is a hotel in San Salvador, El Salvador. Designed by Salvadoran architect Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz, it is one of the tallest buildings in the country at 61 meters. The lobby has a marble floor and large paintings and the rooms are said to have thick carpets with heavy wood armoires.

Opened in 1997, originally as the Hilton Princess San Salvador Hotel, it contains 205 rooms spanning 13 levels. The hotel offers 3 types of rooms: the king, double, and suite rooms. Two restaurants offer a variety of dishes. A bar on the property serves various alcoholic beverages.

Located in San Salvador's San Benito district, each room has a distinct view of the San Salvador volcano. Many restaurants and malls are in its vicinity.

Hilton Hotels & Resorts
Hilton Hotels & Resorts (formerly known as Hilton Hotels) is a global brand of full-service hotels and resorts and the flagship brand of American multinational hospitality company Hilton Worldwide.

The original company was founded by Conrad Hilton. As of December 30, 2019, 584 Hilton Hotels & Resorts properties with 216,379 rooms in 94 countries and territories are located across six continents. This includes 61 properties that are owned or leased with 219,264 rooms, 272 that are managed with 119,612 rooms, and 251 that are franchised with 77,451 rooms. In 2020, Fortune magazine ranked Hilton Hotels & Resorts at number one on their Fortune List of the Top 100 Companies to Work For in 2020 based on an employee survey of satisfaction.
Dmitry Rogozin
Dmitry Olegovich Rogozin (Russian: Дми́трий Оле́гович Рого́зин; born 21 December 1963) is a Russian nationalist politician serving as the senator from the Russian-occupied Zaporozhye Oblast since 23 September 2023. He previously served as General Director of Roscosmos from 2018 to July 2022, as deputy prime minister in charge of the defense industry from 2011 to 2018, and as Russia's ambassador to NATO from 2008 to 2011.

He was co-founder of the far-right Rodina political party, which was created in 2003. Parts of the party later merged with other parties to form A Just Russia in 2006.

Mark T. Vande Hei
Mark Thomas Vande Hei (born November 10, 1966) is a retired United States Army officer and current NASA astronaut who has served as a flight engineer for Expedition 53, 54, 64, 65, and 66 on the International Space Station.
2 Samuel 2
2 Samuel 2 is the second chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David becoming king over Judah in Hebron. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel, and a section comprising 2 Samuel 2–8 which deals with the period when David set up his kingdom.

2 Samuel 1
2 Samuel 1 is the first chapter of the Second Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the second part of Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible. According to Jewish tradition  the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan, but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts of various ages from c. 630–540 BCE. This chapter contains the account of David mourning the death of Saul and his sons, especially Jonathan. This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.
Renfrew County
Renfrew County is a county and census division in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is located on the west bank of the Ottawa River. There are 17 municipalities in the county. Its county seat is Pembroke, which is geographically within the county but administered independently.

Laurentian Valley
Laurentian Valley is a township in Renfrew County in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It borders on the Ottawa River, the city of Pembroke and the town of Petawawa.

This township was created on January 1, 2000, from the former townships of Stafford-Pembroke and Alice and Fraser.
Barksdale Theatre
37°34′56″N 77°29′53.2″W﻿ / ﻿37.58222°N 77.498111°W﻿ / 37.58222; -77.498111

Barksdale Theatre merged with Theatre IV in 2012 to become Virginia Repertory Theatre.

Barksdale Theatre in Richmond, Virginia, United States, is Central Virginia’s first nonprofit professional performing arts organization, founded in 1953 at the historic Hanover Tavern by Tom Carlin, Stewart Falconer, David 'Pete' Kilgore, Priscilla Kilgore, Muriel McAuley and Pat Sharp. Before the merger, Barksdale presented season at two home locations: Barksdale Theatre at Hanover Tavern and Barksdale Theatre at The Shops at Willow Lawn.
Barksdale is recognized as Central Virginia's leading professional theatre.  It continues on as Virginia Repertory Theatre's Barksdale Season at Hanover Tavern under the leadership of Artistic Directors Rick Hammerly, Todd D. Norris, and Desiree Roots.

Theatre IV
For information about the professional theatre company in Richmond, see Virginia Repertory Theatre.

Theatre IV (now Virginia Repertory Theatre) merged with Barksdale Theatre in 2012 to become Virginia Repertory Theatre.  In 1975, Theatre IV was founded by Bruce Miller and Phil Whiteway, becoming the state's first professional theatre for young audiences.  It began as a touring company, performing around the nation at elementary schools and recreation centers and became the second largest children's theatre in the nation and the largest in-school touring theatre company in the nation.
Tyler's mouse opossum
Tyler's mouse opossum (Marmosa tyleriana) is a South American marsupial of the family Didelphidae.  It lives in rainforests of the Guiana Highlands of southern Venezuela at elevations between 1300 and 2200 m. The species has only been found on three isolated tepuis (Auyantepui, Marahuaca and Sarisariñama). All three of these locations are in protected areas (Canaima, Duida-Marahuaca and Jaua-Sarisariñama national parks).

The Latin species name refers to the habitat in which the opossum was first found, a Tyleria forest. In turn, both the genus Tyleria and the opossum's common name refer to Sidney F. Tyler, an American historian and photographer who helped finance the 1928-29 expedition of the American Museum of Natural History to the headwaters of the Orinoco, during which the opossum was discovered.

Opossum
Opossums (/əˈpɒsəmz/) are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia (/daɪˌdɛlfɪˈmɔːrfiə/) endemic to the Americas. The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 126 species in 18 genera. Opossums originated in South America and entered North America in the Great American Interchange following the connection of North and South America in the late Cenozoic.

The Virginia opossum is the only species found in the United States and Canada. It is often simply referred to as an opossum; in North America, it is commonly referred to as a possum (/ˈpɒsəm/; sometimes rendered as 'possum in written form to indicate the dropped "o"). The Australasian arboreal marsupials of suborder Phalangeriformes are also called possums because of their resemblance to opossums, but they belong to a different order. The opossum is typically a nonaggressive animal and almost never carries the virus that causes rabies.
Questron (video game)
Questron is a 1984 game from Strategic Simulations, the first fantasy title from a company known for computer wargames. It was written by Charles Dougherty and Gerald Wieczorek and released for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit computers, and Commodore 64. A sequel, Questron II, was released in 1988.

After an out-of-court settlement, the structure and style of the game were both officially licensed from Richard Garriott, author of Akalabeth and Ultima.

Strategic Simulations
Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) was a video game developer and publisher of over 100 games from its founding in 1979 to its dissolution in 1994 (though the brand was in use until around 2002). The company focused on computer wargames then later added role-playing video games. SSI published the Panzer General series and the official video game adaptations of Dungeons & Dragons.
Michigan–Ohio State women's basketball rivalry
The Michigan–Ohio State women's basketball rivalry is a college basketball rivalry between the Michigan Wolverines and Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball programs that is part of the larger rivalry between the University of Michigan and Ohio State University. The rivalry between the Wolverines and Buckeyes notably includes football and men's basketball.

Michigan Wolverines women's basketball
The Michigan Wolverines women's basketball team is the intercollegiate women's basketball program representing the University of Michigan. The school competes in the Big Ten Conference in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The Wolverines play home basketball games at the Crisler Center on the university campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Rancho Piedra Blanca
Rancho Piedra Blanca was a large, 48,806-acre (197.51 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day San Luis Obispo County, California given in 1840 by Governor Juan Alvarado to José de Jesús Pico.  The name means "white rock" and refers to rocks painted white by its bird population.  The grant extended south along the Pacific Coast below Big Sur from Ragged Point to Pico  Creek (formerly Arroyo del Pinal), where it adjoins Rancho San Simeon. The land grant includes the original townsite and post office for San Simeon, the Hearst Ranch headquarters, and Hearst Castle.

Hearst Ranch
The Hearst Ranch is composed of two cattle ranches in central California. The best known is the original  Hearst Ranch, which surrounds Hearst Castle and comprises about 80,000 acres (320 km2). George Hearst (1820–1891) bought over 30,000 acres (120 km2) of  Rancho Piedra Blanca, an 1840 Mexican land grant, in the late 19th century. He also bought most of  Rancho San Simeon, and part of Rancho Santa Rosa, two other adjacent land grants.

The other ranch is the 73,000-acre (300 km2) Jack Ranch at Cholame, California, which was acquired by the Hearst Corporation in 1966. The Jack Ranch comprises most of Rancho Cholame, an 1844 land grant, plus additional lands. The ranch's Circle C brand is the oldest registered brand in use in California.

A third collection of Hearst ranches was acquired by the Army to form Fort Hunter Liggett.
Wuhe, Anqing
Wuhe (Chinese: 五河; pinyin: Wǔhé) is a town under the administration of Yuexi County, Anhui, China. As of 2020, it has 12 villages under its administration:

Wuhe Village

Shaling Village (沙岭村)

Yehe Village (叶河村)

Hengpai Village (横排村)

Baibu Village (百步村)

Sihe Village (思河村)

Xiangshan Village (响山村)

Taoli Village (桃李村)

Miaodaoshan Village (妙道山村)

Maoshan Village (茅山村)

Henan Village (河南村)

Shuanghe Village (双河村)

Yuexi County, Anhui
Yuexi County (simplified Chinese: 岳西县; traditional Chinese: 岳西縣; pinyin: Yuèxī Xiàn), is a county in the southwest of Anhui Province, China, bordering Hubei Province to the west. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Anqing. It has a population of 400,000 and an area of 2,398 km2 (926 sq mi). The government of Yuexi County is located in Tiantang Town.
Haviland, New York
Haviland is a community and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 4,174 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Haviland is in the southern portion of the town of Hyde Park. The Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site is located within the community.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Marie Anne Mancini
Marie Anne Mancini, Duchess of Bouillon (1649 – 20 June 1714), was an Italian-French aristocrat and cultural patron, the youngest of the five famous Mancini sisters, who along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, were known at the court of Louis XIV, King of France as the Mazarinettes, because their uncle was the king's chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin.  She is known for her involvement in the famous Affair of the Poisons, and as the patron of La Fontaine.

Philippe Jules Mancini, Duke of Nevers
Philippe Jules Mancini, 8th Duke of Nevers (1641–1707) was the nephew of Cardinal Mazarin, chief minister of France immediately after the death of King Louis XIII. He was the brother of the five famous Mancini sisters, who, along with two of their female Martinozzi cousins, were known at the court of King Louis XIV of France as the Mazarinettes.
Demographics of South Africa
According to the 2022 census, the population of South Africa is about 62 million people of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religions, with a majority being Black Africans. The South African National Census of 2022 was the most recent census held; the next will be in 2032.

In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million foreigners in total. Reports suggest that is an underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five million, including some three million Zimbabweans.

2011 South African census
The South African National Census of 2011 is the 3rd comprehensive census performed by Statistics South Africa.

The 2011 census was the first census to include geo-referencing for every individual dwelling in South Africa.
Skånevik (village)
Skånevik is a village in Etne Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located along the Skånevikfjorden, near the entrance to the Åkrafjorden. The village lies across the fjord from the village of Utåker in neighboring Kvinnherad Municipality. The municipal centre of Etnesjøen lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) straight south across a mountain, although one must drive about 22 kilometres (14 mi) around the mountain to get there.

The 0.95-square-kilometre (230-acre) village has a population (2025) of 562 and a population density of 592 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,530/sq mi).

Skånevikfjorden
Skånevikfjorden is a fjord in Norway. The 15-kilometre (9.3 mi) long fjord runs through Etne Municipality and Kvinnherad Municipality (in Vestland county) and in Vindafjord Municipality (in Rogaland county). The fjord is fed by several smaller fjords such as the Åkrafjorden, Etnefjorden, and Matersfjorden and it flows to the southwest into the main Hardangerfjorden. Some villages along the fjord include Utåker and Skånevik. The islands of Halsnøya, Fjelbergøya, and Borgundøya lie on the northwestern side of the fjord.

On 7 February 1978 a record-breaking dive occurred in the Skånevikfjorden which the divers reaching 320 metres (1,050 ft) deep in the fjord. One of the divers died during a break from welding metal pipes; the government had given the dive a dispensation from part of the regulations for occupational safety.
Battle of Lircay
The Battle of Lircay was the last battle of the Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 and ended with the Pipiolos (Liberals) being decisively defeated. Pipiolo leader Ramon Freire was exiled to Peru and the Pipiolos defeated to end the war, beginning a 30-year dominance of the Government of Chile by the Conservatives.

Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830
The Chilean Civil War of 1829–1830 (Spanish: Guerra Civil de 1829–1830), or the First Chilean Civil War, was a civil war in Chile fought between conservative Pelucones and liberal Pipiolos forces over the constitutional regime in force.  This conflict ended with the defeat of the liberal forces and the approval of a new constitution in 1833, that was in force until 1925.
Souravli
The souravli (Greek: σουραύλι; Cretan Greek: θιαμπόλι thiamboli, or φιαμπόλι fiamboli; Cypriot Greek: πιθκιαύλιν "pithkiavlin") is a Greek folk instrument, a type of a fipple flute made of reed or wood. It has a 2 octave ambitus.

A double flute is called a disavli (δισαύλι), one with no holes and the other one having holes to play the melody.

In Cyclades, the souravli is very widespread, especially in the Greek island of Naxos.

Fipple
The term fipple specifies a variety of end-blown flute that includes the flageolet, recorder, and tin whistle. The Hornbostel–Sachs system for classifying musical instruments places this group under the heading "Flutes with duct or duct flutes." The label "fipple flute" is frequently applied to members of the subgroup but there is no general agreement about the structural detail of the sound-producing mechanism that constitutes the fipple itself.