hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station
The Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station is a New York City Subway station complex on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and BMT Broadway Line. Located on Church Street between Chambers and Cortlandt Streets in the Financial District of Manhattan, it is served by the 2, A and E trains at all times; W train on weekdays; 3, C and R trains at all times except late nights; and N train during late nights.

The station also connects to the PATH via the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, and to the nearby Fulton Center via the Dey Street Passageway.

Westfield World Trade Center
Westfield World Trade Center is a shopping mall at the World Trade Center complex in Manhattan, New York City, which is operated and managed by Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield. The mall opened on August 16, 2016, as the largest shopping complex in Manhattan, with 125 retail spaces. It replaced The Mall at the World Trade Center, the underground shopping mall under the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed during the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Substance over form
Substance over form is an accounting principle used "to ensure that financial statements give a complete, relevant, and accurate picture of transactions and events". If an entity practices the 'substance over form' concept, then the financial statements will convey the overall financial reality of the entity (economic substance), rather than simply reporting the legal record of transactions (form). In accounting for business transactions and other events, the measurement and reporting is for the economic impact of an event, instead of its legal form. Substance over form is critical for reliable financial reporting. It is particularly relevant in cases of revenue recognition, sale and purchase agreements, etc. The key point of the concept is that a transaction should not be recorded in such a manner as to hide the true intent of the transaction, which would mislead the readers of a company's financial statements.

Economic substance
Economic substance is a doctrine in the tax law of the United States under which a transaction must have both a substantial purpose aside from reduction of tax liability and an economic effect aside from the tax effect in order to qualify for any tax benefits. This doctrine is used by the Internal Revenue Service to determine whether tax shelters, or strategies used to reduce tax liability, are considered "abusive". Under the doctrine, for a transaction to be respected, the transaction must change the taxpayer's economic position in a "meaningful way" apart from the Federal income tax effects, and the taxpayer must have had a "substantial purpose" for entering into the transaction, apart from the Federal income tax effects.

The economic substance doctrine was originally a common law doctrine. The doctrine was codified in subsection (o) of section 7701 of the Internal Revenue Code by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010.
Mitchell's Corners, Ontario
Mitchell's Corners is a dispersed rural community in the municipality of Clarington, Ontario, Canada, directly north of Courtice, at the intersection of Trulls Road and Taunton Rd. It was named after the early settlers to the area.

Since 1979 the official name has been "Mitchell's Corners", though the locals prefer the original name "Mitchell Corners" as it appears on the signs entering the hamlet. The telephone prefixes are part of Oshawa's telephone directory.

Courtice
Courtice (/ˈkɜːr.tɪs/) is a community in Ontario, Canada, about 60 km (37 mi) east of Toronto, within the Municipality of Clarington. Adjacent to Oshawa, it is west of Bowmanville, which is also part of Clarington. Courtice Road (Durham Road 34) connects with Highway 401 at Interchange 425, providing arterial access to the community. Darlington Provincial Park is located just south of Courtice.
Spencer, Indiana
Spencer is a town in Washington Township, Owen County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, Spencer had a population of 2,454. It is the county seat of Owen County.

Spencer is part of the Bloomington, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana
The Bloomington, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area comprising two counties (Monroe and Owen) in south-central Indiana. The city of Bloomington in Monroe County is the area's principal municipality and its anchor. At the 2010 United States census, the MSA had a population of 192,714.
Tiktiqucha
Tiktiqucha (Quechua tikti wart, qucha lake, lagoon, "wart lake", hispanicized spelling Ticticocha) is a lake in Peru located in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Chicla District. Tiktiqucha lies near the Antikuna mountain pass, southwest of a lake named Waqraqucha and southeast of the peak of  Tikti Mach'ay.

Huacracocha (Morococha)
Huacracocha (possibly from Quechua waqra horn, qucha lake, lagoon, "horn lake") is a lake in Peru located in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, Morococha District. It lies southeast of the mountain Anticona and south of the mountain Yanashinga, near the Ticlio (Anticona) mountain pass.
2024 Wuhan Open
The 2024 Wuhan Open (also known as Dongfeng Voyah Wuhan Open for sponsorship reasons) was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts between October 7–13, 2024. It was the 7th edition of the Wuhan Open, and part of the WTA 1000 tournaments of the 2024 WTA Tour. It was the first edition of the tournament since 2019, with the intervening editions cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The tournament was held at the Optics Valley International Tennis Center in Wuhan, China.

2024 WTA Tour
The 2024 WTA Tour (branded as the 2024 Hologic WTA Tour for sponsorship reasons) was the global elite women's professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2024 tennis season. The 2024 WTA Tour calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Finals), the team events United Cup (combined event with ATP) and the Summer Olympic Games.
Monument to the First President of Uzbekistan
The Monument to the First President of Uzbekistan is a monument in the Ok Saroy Presidential Palace in the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. A monument dedicated to First President Islam Karimov, it was opened by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, and family members of Karimov on August 31, 2017.

Ok Saroy Presidential Palace
Ak Saray Presidential Palace (Uzbek: Oqsaroy, Оқсарoй) meaning the White Palace in English is public museum which was the official workplace of Uzbek President Islam Karimov. Under former president Karimov, who served from 1991-2016, the palace was the seat of the executive branch in the country. After his death in 2016, the administration of Shavkat Mirziyoyev relocated the official workplace to Kuksaroy Presidential Palace in northeastern Tashkent. The area of the palace is 5460 square meters. There is a reception hall in the palace where guests will be received. There is also a meeting hall, as well as a recreational hall.
Liam Doran
Liam Doran (born 22 March 1987) is a British professional rallycross driver competing in the FIA World Rallycross Championship, Global RallyCross Championship, X Games, and European Rallycross Championship. He is the son of British rallycross driver and Lydden Hill Race Circuit owner Pat Doran. In his early life he attended Fulston Manor School in Sittingbourne.

Having signed with Monster Energy in 2011 he has gone on to achieve an X Games Gold medal and numerous other accomplishments in various disciplines

Pat Doran
Patrick Doran (born 5 June 1959) is a British rallycross driver of Irish origin, living in Thorverton, Devon. His oldest son, Liam Doran, became a rallycross driver too.

Doran, sometimes nicknamed "Plastic Paddy", is a former four-time British Rallycross Champion. Doran was also the runner-up in the European Rallycross Championship in 1992, behind Will Gollop, also from Great Britain. He also raced a Ford RS200 in the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb.

Calling Lydden Hill Race Circuit his home, in 2008 he became the owner of the Kentish motorsports venue.
59th meridian west
The meridian 59° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Atlantic Ocean, South America, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 59th meridian west forms a great circle with the 121st meridian east.

121st meridian east
The meridian 121° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Australia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 121st meridian east forms a great circle with the 59th meridian west.
Midsund Bridge
The Midsund Bridge (Norwegian: Midsundbrua) is a reinforced concrete arch bridge that crosses the Midsundet strait between the islands of Otrøya and Midøya in Molde Municipality, Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 408-metre-long (1,339 ft) bridge runs between the village of Midsund on Otrøya island to Leirvika on Midøya island. The bridge opened on 28 June 1969 and cost 2.8 million kr.

Midsund (village)
Midsund is a village in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located on the western end of the island of Otrøya. The eastern end of the Midsund Bridge is located in the village of Midsund, connecting it to the neighboring island of Midøya to the west.

The 0.7-square-kilometre (170-acre) village has a population (2024) of 590 and a population density of 843 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,180/sq mi).

This village is the site of most private commercial services such as a grocery store, bank, shops, restaurant, and gas stations for the western part of Molde Municipality (the old Midsund Municipality). Otrøy Church lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of the village of Midsund.

The village was the administrative center of the old Midsund Municipality until 2020 when it was merged into Molde Municipality.
Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier
Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul (27 September 1752, Paris – 20 June 1817, Aix-la-Chapelle), called Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier (/ˌʃwɑːzʊlˈɡuːfieɪ/), was a French diplomat and aristocrat from  the Gouffier branch of the Choiseul family. A member of the Académie française, he served as French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1784 until the fall of the French monarchy and a scholar of ancient Greece.

Choiseul family
The House of Choiseul is a French noble family of chivalric extraction, first mentioned in 1060. Originally from Champagne, its cradle is the village of Choiseul (in the modern day Haute-Marne department). An illustrious house, its members held prominent political, ecclesiastical and military positions within the Kingdom of France. The Choiseul family is one of the oldest French families still in existence, having been identified among the families surviving into the 21st century who have been able to prove their filiation in the male line, both natural and legitimate, without interruption back to a first ancestor attested by a deed dating from before 1250.
Georgian Heights
Georgian Heights is a neighborhood in West Columbus, in Columbus, Ohio, United States.  It neighbors Holly Hill.  The two are bounded together by Sullivant Avenue on the north, Clime Road on the south, Georgesville Road on the west, and Demorest Road on the east. There is a 10.7 acre public park, Georgian Heights Park, in the center of the area. Georgian Heights has a youth travel football team called the Georgian Heights Packers.  The neighborhood is generally lower-middle class.

Holly Hill (Columbus, Ohio)
Holly Hill is a neighborhood located in West Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Holly Hill is a traditional 1960s suburban neighborhood consisting of mostly brick ranch houses and some bi-level houses. The houses range in size from approximately 860 square feet (80 m2) up to 1,500 square feet (140 m2). Holly Hill is located next to Georgian Heights.
Reynolds 531
Reynolds 531 (pronounced 'five-three-one') is a brand name, registered to Reynolds Technology of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, for a manganese–molybdenum, medium-carbon steel tubing that was used in many quality applications, including race car chassis, aircraft components and, most famously, bicycle frame tubing. It is one of a number of tubing types developed by Reynolds.

Reynolds 531 "was the standard of excellence for many decades" among bicycle frame-building materials. And because of the availability of a wide range of butting, diameters and thicknesses of tubes, along with different stays and fork blades, it became the tubing of choice for most frame builders.

Bicycle frame
A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and consists of two triangles: a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. Frames are required to be strong, stiff and light, which they do by combining different materials and shapes.
Hunan First Normal University
Hunan First Normal University (Chinese: 湖南第一师范学院), founded in 1903, is a university located in Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.

Hunan First Normal University covers a total area of 1346 mu, with more than 420,000 square meters of floor space. The university is divided into 10 colleges.

As of 2023, the Best Chinese Universities Ranking, also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Hunan First Normal University at 14th in Hunan province and 344th in China.

Yuelu, Changsha
Yuelu District (simplified Chinese: 岳麓区; traditional Chinese: 嶽麓區; pinyin: Yuèlù qū) is one of six urban districts and the municipal seat of the prefecture-level city of Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, China. It is the 4th most populous district (after Heshan, Dingcheng and Yueyanglou Districts) in Hunan. The district is bordered to the north by Wangcheng District, to the west by Ningxiang County, to the south by Yuhu District of Xiangtan City, across the Xiang river to the west by Tianxin, Furong and Kaifu Districts. Located on the west bank of the Xiang River, as the western part of the City proper, the district is named after Mount Yuelu, one of the national parks, Yuelu District covers 538.83 km2 (208.04 sq mi) with registered population of 644,834 and resident population of 818,900 (as of 2014). The district has 16 subdistricts and 2 towns under its jurisdiction, with its administrative centre at Wangyue (望岳街道).
Axiom of empty set
In axiomatic set theory, the axiom of empty set, also called the axiom of null set and the axiom of existence, is a statement that asserts the existence of a set with no elements. It is an axiom of Kripke–Platek set theory and the variant of general set theory that Burgess (2005) calls "ST," and a demonstrable truth in Zermelo set theory and Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, with or without the axiom of choice.

Axiom schema of specification
In many popular versions of axiomatic set theory, the axiom schema of specification, also known as the axiom schema of separation (Aussonderungsaxiom), subset axiom, axiom of class construction, or axiom schema of restricted comprehension is an axiom schema.  Essentially, it says that any definable subclass of a set is a set.

Some mathematicians refer to this axiom as the axiom schema of comprehension, although others reserve that term only for unrestricted comprehension; this axiom is a "restricted" version of unrestricted comprehension. Because restricting comprehension avoids Russell's paradox, several mathematicians including Zermelo, Fraenkel, and Gödel considered it the most important axiom of set theory.
Malin Berghagen
Malin Birgitta Berghagen (formerly Berghagen Nilsson; born 11 May 1966) is a Swedish actress. She is daughter of Lasse Berghagen and Lill-Babs and half-sister to the TV host Kristin Kaspersen. In 1992, she received a Guldmask Award.

Lill-Babs
Barbro Margareta Svensson (9 March 1938 – 3 April 2018), known by her stage name Lill-Babs, was a Swedish singer, actress and television host. From the early 1950s until her death in 2018, she was one of Sweden's best-known and most popular singers. She represented Sweden in the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest in Cannes with the song "April, april". She was also well known for the song "Är du kär i mej ännu Klas-Göran?" ("Are You Still in Love with Me, Klas-Göran?").
Durdle Door
Durdle Door (sometimes written Durdle Dor) is a natural limestone arch on the Jurassic Coast near Lulworth in Dorset, England. It is privately owned by the Weld family, who own the Lulworth Estate, but it is also open to the public.

West Lulworth
West Lulworth is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, situated on the English Channel beside Lulworth Cove. In the 2011 census the civil parish—which includes most of Lulworth Camp army base—had 291 households and a population of 714. The village is a gateway to the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site and is a popular tourist destination, especially for day trips.
Electronic Signatures Directive
The Electronic Signatures Directive 1999/93/EC was a European Union directive on the use of electronic signatures (e-signatures) in electronic contracts within the European Union (EU).

It was repealed by the eIDAS regulation on 1 July 2016.

EIDAS
The eIDAS Regulation (for "electronic IDentification, Authentication and trust Services") is an EU regulation with the stated purpose of governing "electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions". It passed in 2014 and its provisions came into effect between 2016 and 2018.

The eIDAS Regulation was fundamentally amended by Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024. The main purpose of the amendment is to introduce a voluntary digital wallet (European Digital Identity) that member states must issue at the request of EU citizens.
Argentine Fascist Party
The Argentine Fascist Party (Partido Fascista Argentino, PFA) was a fascist political party in Argentina from 1932 until its official disbandment in 1936, when it was succeeded by the National Fascist Union (Unión Nacional Fascista, UNF). Founded by Italian Argentines, the party was formed as a breakaway faction from Argentina's National Fascist Party (Partido Nacional Fascista, PNF). It was based upon Italian fascism and was recognized by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party in 1935. In the 1930s the party became a mass movement, particularly in Córdoba Province. Nicholás Vitelli led the PFA's branch in Córdoba until his death in 1934, when Nimio de Anquín took the leadership of the party.

The PFA's main political allies in Córdoba were the Argentine Civic Legion and the Nationalist Action of Argentina/Affirmation of a New Argentina movement.

National Fascist Union
The National Fascist Union (Unión Nacional Fascista, UNF) was a fascist political party formed in Argentina in 1936, as the successor to the Argentine Fascist Party.

In August 1936, UNF leader Nimio de Anquín attempted to force students at a law school in Cordoba to pledge a statement of support for the Spanish general Francisco Franco. Police responded with a crackdown against Argentine nationalists. Support for the UNF surged after two nationalists were shot and killed in the Colegio Montserrat in 1938. In the aftermath of the Montserrat murders, Anquin denounced the middle and upper class for complicity and cowardice and claimed that "communism, Judaism, and degenerate Radicalism" were responsible for causing the murders. Anquín called for the mourners to swear "by God, honour, and the Fatherland, to return the homicidal bullet".

By 1939, the UNF was largely defunct, and Anquín retired from the political scene to resume his earlier career as a lecturer.
ExifTool
ExifTool is a free and open source software program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, video, and PDF metadata. As such, ExifTool classes as a tag editor. ExifTool can also be used as a metadata removal tool for supported file types, except for PDF, as old metadata is never actually deleted. (However, after running ExifTool the old metadata may be removed permanently using the "qpdf" utility) It is platform independent, available as both a Perl library (Image::ExifTool) and a command-line application.

ExifTool supports many types of metadata including Exif, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, as well as the manufacturer-specific metadata formats of many digital cameras.

ExifTool is commonly incorporated into different types of digital workflows, and is often used in digital forensic analysis and library archival.

Tag editor
A tag editor is an app that can add, edit, or remove embedded metadata on multimedia file formats. Content creators, such as musicians, photographers, podcasters, and video producers, may need to properly label and manage their creations, adding such details as title, creator, date of creation, and copyright notice.

Content creation apps can add metadata to the files they create. Tag editors, however, are apps dedicated to processing metadata, such as DigiKam and MusicBrainz Picard. Their features go beyond manual editing of individual files, offering batch processing and semi-automatic content identification.
Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo
Alfonso Téllez de Meneses (c. 1161–1230), known as el Viejo ("the Old"), was a nobleman of Castile and a participant in the key Reconquista battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. He was the second Lord of Meneses, Lord of Cea, Grajal, Montalbán, and, through his second wife, first Lord of Alburquerque.

Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón (c. 1160–1231), also known as Gonzalo Ruiz Girón, firstborn son of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón and María de Guzmán, was one of Castile's wealthiest and most powerful nobles. He was based in Tierra de Campos, and was among the most loyal supporters of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, Berengaria of Castile, and later of King Ferdinand III.
Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes
The Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The Rural Municipality of Prairies lakes surrounds most of the north end of Pelican Lake. There are several other lakes in the RM such as Grass Lake, Overend Lake, Bone Lake, Lorne Lake, Louise Lake, Lloyds Lake, Noble Lake and many more that are all much smaller than Pelican Lake.

Rural Municipality of Riverside
The Rural Municipality of Riverside is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Strathcona to form the Rural Municipality of Prairie Lakes. In 2011 the RM had a population of 780 which had declined from a population of 809 in 2006.