hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Congonhas
Congonhas (Congonhas do Campo until 1948) is a historical Brazilian city located in the state of Minas Gerais. It is situated 90 kilometres (56 mi) south from Belo Horizonte, the capital of state of Minas Gerais, by the highway BR-040. As of 2020, the city had a population of 55,309.

Located in a region rich in iron ore, it is surrounded by several mining dams. Two of them overflowed in January 2026.

It is a well preserved historic city and retains the characteristics of a baroque city, with its churches, buildings and museums.

Other historical cities in Minas Gerais are Ouro Preto, São João del-Rei, Diamantina, Mariana, Tiradentes and Sabará.

Tiradentes, Minas Gerais
Tiradentes is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. It is located at 21°06′37″S 44°12′41″W﻿ / ﻿21.11028°S 44.21139°W﻿ / -21.11028; -44.21139, has an area of 83.5 km2 (32.2 sq mi), and a maximum elevation above sea level of 927 m. Tiradentes had an estimated population of 10,960 as of 2020. The original village was established in 1702 and became a city on 19 January 1718. In 1889 the city was renamed from Vila de São José do Rio das Mortes in honour of the national hero who was born nearby.

It has been acclaimed as an unspoiled example of Portuguese colonial architecture.

Other historical cities in Minas Gerais are Ouro Preto, São João del-Rei, Diamantina, Mariana, Congonhas and Sabará.
Swale Stakes
The Swale Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old  horses  at the distance of seven furlongs on the dirt held annually in January at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida.  The event currently carries a purse of $175,000.

Gulfstream Park
Gulfstream Park  is a Thoroughbred horse race track, casino and outdoor entertainment and shopping destination in Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States. It is among the most important venues for horse racing in the United States, and is open 365 days a year.

The venue is owned by The Stronach Group. Thoroughbred horse racing occurs year-round, defined by three distinct race meets and one invitational:

Championship Meet (December - March)

Pegasus World Cup

Royal Palm Meet (April - September)

Flamingo Festival Meet (October - November)
Dean and Dan Caten
Dean and Dan Caten (born Catenacci, December 19, 1964) are Canadian fashion designers, radio personalities, and businessmen. They are identical twin brothers and the founders and owners of Dsquared², an Italian luxury fashion house based in Milan.

Bill Kaulitz
Bill Kaulitz (German pronunciation: [bɪl ˈkaʊlɪts]; born 1 September 1989), also known as Billy for his solo project, is a German singer and songwriter. He is best known for his work as the lead vocalist of the pop rock band Tokio Hotel.
Mu Geminorum
Mu Geminorum or μ Geminorum, formally named Tejat (/ˈtiːdʒət/), is a single star in the northern constellation of Gemini. From parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is roughly 230 light-years (71 parsecs) distant from the Sun. The position of the star near the ecliptic means that it is subject to lunar occultations.

Mu Geminorum forms the primary or 'A' component of a double star system designated WDS J06230+2231 along with UCAC2 39641417 (also designated WDS J06230+2231BC), itself a binary pair.

Gemini (constellation)
Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the northern celestial hemisphere.  It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for twins, and it is associated with the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♊︎).
Kadaladi Assembly constituency
9°13′39″N 78°28′21″E﻿ / ﻿9.227392°N 78.472595°E﻿ / 9.227392; 78.472595

Kadaladi is a state assembly constituency in Ramanathapuram district in Tamil Nadu. It is a component of Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency
Ramanathapuram Lok Sabha constituency (Tamil: இராமநாதபுரம் மக்களவைத் தொகுதி) is one of the 39 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India. The constituency is roughly coterminous with the eponymous district.
William Nairn (army)
William Nairn (1767 – 8 June 1853) was an English-born army officer and farmer in the Swan River Colony (now Western Australia).

Born in England, Nairn was commissioned in the 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot on 12 May 1800, promoted to captain on 29 June 1809 and major on 30 August 1827. In early 1814 he was sent to Hobart Town in charge of a company. In 1818 Nairn sailed with his detachment for India.
After retiring from the army, he eventually settled in the Swan River Colony in 1833.

Nairn was the original grantee of 3,575 ha (8,830 acres), known as Grass Valley, east of Northam, Western Australia. He later acquired a further 1,327 ha (3,280 acres) on the Canning River.

Nairn's only son, William Edward Nairn became president of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. Nairn died in Fremantle on 8 June 1853, at the age of 86. Nairn Street in Fremantle is named after him.

William Edward Nairn
William Edward Nairn (1812 – 9 July 1869) was an English-born politician in Australia, president of the Tasmanian Legislative Council.

Born in Widcombe, Somerset, England, Nairn was the only son of Captain William Nairn and his wife Mary Ann. W. E. Nairn studied at Lincoln College, Oxford (B.A., 1833), and was granted a license to trade on a schooner his father had purchased for trade on the Tasmanian coast.

Nairn emigrated to Tasmania with Sir John Franklin, arriving in Hobart in February 1837 aboard the Fairlie. In June 1837 Nairn was appointed clerk in the Colonial Secretary's Office. He was made Secretary to the Board of Education in 1839. He was elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council, becoming its president in September 1859. In September 1868 he took sick leave but did not recover. He died at Hobart on 9 July 1869, survived by his wife Maria, née Swan.
Cryptomnesia (album)
Cryptomnesia is the debut studio album by El Grupo Nuevo de Omar Rodriguez Lopez, released on May 5, 2009. The album is the first of three albums recorded by the band, and is Rodriguez-Lopez' eleventh record overall. According to Rodriguez-Lopez, the album was "recorded in the summer of 2006, around the same time I did Old Money. It was a very, very fun record to make. I made that record in five or six days."

Omar Rodríguez-López
Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He is also known for his extensive solo career, which includes over fifty individual releases, and is frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, Hans Zimmer, Buzz Osborne, Lydia Lunch, Zach Hill, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.
Hambledon Hill
Hambledon Hill is a prehistoric hill fort in Dorset, England, in the Blackmore Vale five miles northwest of Blandford Forum. The hill itself is a chalk outcrop, on the southwestern corner of Cranborne Chase, separated from the Dorset Downs by the River Stour. It is owned by the National Trust.

Cranborne Chase
Cranborne Chase (grid reference ST970180) is an area of central southern England, straddling the counties Dorset, Hampshire and Wiltshire. It is part of the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).

The area is dominated by, and often considered to be synonymous with, a chalk downland plateau. Part of the English Chalk Formation, it is adjacent to Salisbury Plain and the West Wiltshire Downs in the north, and the Dorset Downs to the south west. The highest point is Win Green Down, in Wiltshire, at 910 feet (280 m).

Historically a medieval hunting forest, the area is also noted for its Neolithic and Bronze age archaeology and its rural agricultural character.
Thorne system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system of plant classification was devised by the American botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920–2015) in 1968, and he continued to issue revisions over many years (1968–2007).

Some versions of the system are available online. The Bioinformatics Working Group Center for the Study of Digital Libraries at Texas A&M University lists the March 1999 version (and other classification systems). James Reveal's course lecture notes (1999) also gives an account of the Thorne system at that time, with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system together with several other classification systems.

For a discussion of the various suffixes used for superorders (-florae vs. -anae), see Brummitt 1992, and Thorne 1992. In this latter paper, Thorne sets out his reasons for abandoning -florae for -anae, following contemporary practice.

Arecales
Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely named as such only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. The order includes palms and relatives.
The Fate of Faustina
"The Fate of Faustina" is a short story by E. W. Hornung, and features the gentleman thief A. J. Raffles, and his companion and biographer, Bunny Manders. The story was first published in Scribner's Magazine in March 1901, and included as the third story in the collection The Black Mask, published by Grant Richards in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons in New York, both in 1901.

The Black Mask
The Black Mask is a 1901 short story collection by E. W. Hornung. It was published in the UK by Grant Richards, London, and in the US by Scribner's, New York under the title Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman. It is the second collection of stories in Hornung's series concerning A. J. Raffles, a gentleman thief in late Victorian London.

Several of the stories were adapted for the 1977 Raffles television series.
On shell and off shell
In physics, particularly in quantum field theory, configurations of a physical system that satisfy classical equations of motion are called on the mass shell (on shell); while those that do not are called off the mass shell (off shell).

In quantum field theory, virtual particles are termed off shell because they do not satisfy the energy–momentum relation; real exchange particles do satisfy this relation and are termed on (mass) shell. In classical mechanics for instance, in the action formulation, extremal solutions to the variational principle are on shell and the Euler–Lagrange equations give the on-shell equations. Noether's theorem regarding differentiable symmetries of physical action and conservation laws is another on-shell theorem.

Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines field theory, special relativity and quantum mechanics.: xi  QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. The current standard model of particle physics is based on QFT.

Despite its extraordinary predictive success, QFT faces ongoing challenges in fully incorporating gravity and in establishing a completely rigorous mathematical foundation.
Apple Valley, California
Apple Valley is an incorporated town in the Victor Valley of San Bernardino County, California, United States. Its population was 75,791 as of the 2020 United States census. The town is east of and adjoining to the neighboring cities of Victorville and Hesperia, 35 miles (56 km) south of Barstow, and 49 miles (79 km) north of San Bernardino through the Cajon Pass. It was incorporated on November 14, 1988, and is one of the 22 incorporated municipalities in California that use "town" in their names instead of "city".

Victorville Army Airfield auxiliary fields
Victorville Army Airfield auxiliary fields were four airfields used during World War II to support the Victorville Army Airfield pilot training near Victorville, California, and Adelanto, California. After the war the Victorville Army Airfield was renamed George Air Force Base on January 13, 1948.  
The airfields were built in 1941 by the United States Army Air Corps just before the war. Victorville Army Airfield covered 2,200-acre in the Mojave Desert. The US Army held a groundbreaking ceremony on 12 July 1941. The base, called Victorville Army Flying School, was ready to use before the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The Army built four runways in a triangle configuration, with one runway down the middle of the triangle. Seven hangars were built to support operation. On April 23, 1943, the base was renamed Victorville Army Airfield.
Premier of the Northern Cape
The premier of the Northern Cape is the  head of government of the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The current premier of the Northern Cape is Zamani Saul, a member of the African National Congress, who was elected in the 2019 election. He took office on 22 May 2019.

Zamani Saul
Zamani Saul (born 7 March 1972) is a South African politician who is the 5th and current Premier of the Northern Cape and a Member of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature. He has also been serving as the Provincial Chairperson of the African National Congress (ANC) since his election on 12 May 2017. He previously served as the Provincial Secretary and as the Deputy Provincial Secretary of the party.
Caravaggio (restaurant)
Caravaggio is an Italian restaurant located at 23 East 74th Street (between 5th Avenue and Madison Avenue) on the Upper East Side in Manhattan, in New York City.  It is around the corner from the Met Breuer.

74th Street (Manhattan)
40°46′13″N 73°57′27″W﻿ / ﻿40.770239°N 73.957393°W﻿ / 40.770239; -73.957393

74th Street is an east–west street carrying pedestrian traffic and eastbound automotive/bicycle traffic in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It runs through the Upper East Side neighborhood (in ZIP code 10021, where it is known as East 74th Street), and the Upper West Side neighborhood (in ZIP code 10023, where it is known as West 74th Street), on both sides of Central Park.
Albairate
Albairate (Lombard: Bairaa or Albairaa [(al)bai̯ˈraː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Milan.

Albairate borders the following municipalities: Corbetta, Cisliano, Cassinetta di Lugagnano, Gaggiano, Abbiategrasso, and Vermezzo.

Albairate is served by Albairate-Vermezzo railway station.

Gaggiano
Gaggiano (Lombard: Gaggian or Gasgian [ɡaˈ(d)ʒãː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 13 kilometres (8 miles) southwest of Milan. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 8,360 and an area of 26.7 square kilometres (10.3 sq mi).

Gaggiano borders the following municipalities: Cusago, Cisliano, Albairate, Trezzano sul Naviglio, Vermezzo, Zibido San Giacomo, Gudo Visconti, Noviglio, Rosate.

Gaggiano is served by Gaggiano railway station.
India's Got Talent
India's Got Talent is a televised Indian Hindi language talent show series and is part of the Got Talent franchise. The program is produced and distributed by Fremantle and Syco Entertainment. The show aired on Colors TV until season 8. Since season 9 the show is airing on Sony Entertainment Television.

Malaika Arora
Malaika Arora (born 23 October 1973) is an Indian actress, dancer, model, video jockey, and television personality who appears in Hindi-language films. She made her debut as a film producer in 2008 with her former husband Arbaaz Khan, founding the company Arbaaz Khan Productions, which created the Dabangg film series. As an actress, she has starred in films like Kaante (2002) and EMI (2008). She also performed in the songs Chaiyya Chaiyya (1998), Gur Naalo Ishq Mitha (1998), Maahi Ve (2002), Kaal Dhamaal (2005) and Munni Badnaam Hui (2010).
2022 Valorant Champions
The 2022 Valorant Champions was an esports tournament for the video game Valorant. This was the second edition of the Valorant Champions, the crowning event of the Valorant Champions Tour (VCT) for the 2022 Valorant competitive season. The tournament was held from August 31 to September 18, 2022, in Istanbul, Turkey.

"Fire Again" was the tournament's theme song, put together by Ashnikko.

Acend were the defending champions, but failed to qualify for the event after losing to G2 Esports in the VCT 2022: EMEA Last Chance Qualifier.

LOUD won the Valorant world championship after defeating OpTic Gaming in the finals by a score of 3–1. Erick "aspas" Santos from LOUD was named the tournament MVP.

Valorant Champions Tour
The Valorant Champions Tour (VCT) is a global competitive esports tournament series for the video game Valorant organised by Riot Games, the game's developers. The series runs multiple events throughout each season, culminating in Valorant Champions, the top-level event of the tour. The VCT was announced in 2020, with its inaugural season taking place in 2021.
Yevgeny Edelson
Yevgeny Nikolayevich Edelson (Russian: Евгений Николаевич Эдельсон; 12 october 1824, Ryazan, Russian Empire, - January 8, 1868, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian literary critic, journalist, translator and philosopher, best known for his critical and philosophical essays published in Moskvityanin (where he, along with Alexander Ostrovsky among others was part of the "young faction", formed by Mikhail Pogodin), Pyotr Boborykin-led Biblioteka Dlya Chteniya (there he headed the literary criticism department) and Vsemirny Trud. Highly acclaimed were his translation of Gotthold Lessing's Laocoön and "Shchedrin and the New Satirical Literature" (both published in 1859), the first comprehensive analytical survey of Russian literary satire of the mid-19th century.

Alexander Ostrovsky
Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (Russian: Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Остро́вский; 12 April [O.S. 31 March] 1823  – 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1886) was a Russian playwright, generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period. The author of 47 original plays, Ostrovsky "almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire." His dramas are among the most widely read and frequently performed stage pieces in Russia.
Saint Andrew Parish, Dominica
Saint Andrew is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by St. John and St. Peter (to the west), St. Joseph (to the southwest), and St. David (to the southeast).

At 178.27 km2 (68.83 mi2), it is the island's largest parish in area.  Its population is 10,461, which makes it the second most populated parish, after St. George.

Saint John Parish, Dominica
Saint John is one of Dominica's 10 administrative parishes. It is bordered by St. Andrew to the east, and St. Peter and the Espagnole River to the south. It has an area of 59 km2 (22.78 mi2).

6,561 people live in the parish, half of which (2,977) live in the main settlement, Portsmouth (Dominica's second largest town, also called Grand Anse by locals). Glanvilla and Lagoon serve as the town's suburbs.

Other settlements include:

Bornes

Capucin

Clifton

Cottage

Toucari

Tanetane

The highest peak is Morne aux Diables, with a height of 861 m (2827 ft).
Ilanz/Glion
Ilanz/Glion (German: Ilanz [ˈiːlants]; Romansh: Glion [ʎɔn] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of the Grisons.  On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun, and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.

Sevgein
Sevgein (Romansh pronunciation: [sɛvˈdʑɛjn] ⓘ; German: Seewis im Oberland) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Sevgein, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.
Malus crescimannoi
Malus crescimannoi, also known as the Raimondo apple, is a species of apple in the rose family, Rosaceae. Native to the island of Sicily, it was formally described only in 2008, making it one of the most recently described species of tree in Europe. At present unknown is whether the species is a remnant of a preglacial diversity of apples in Europe, or a distinctive race of European wild apple.

Malus
Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/ or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 32–57 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples (sometimes known in North America as crabapples) and wild apples.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
Johnny Appleseed
John Chapman (September 26, 1774 – March 18, 1845), better known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced trees grown with apple seeds (as opposed to trees grown with grafting) to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and the Canadian province of Ontario, as well as the northern counties of West Virginia. He became an American icon while still alive, due to his kind, generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance that he attributed to apples. He was the inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as the Johnny Appleseed Museum in Urbana, Ohio, and today is recognized as an American folk hero.

Leominster, Massachusetts
Leominster (/ˈlɛmənstər/ LEM-ən-stər) is a city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the second-largest city in Worcester County, with a population of 43,222 at the 2023 census. Leominster is located north of Worcester and northwest of Boston. Both Route 2 and Route 12 pass through Leominster. Interstate 190, Route 13, and Route 117 all have starting/ending points in Leominster. Leominster is bounded by Fitchburg and Lunenburg to the north, Lancaster to the east, Sterling and Princeton to the south, and Westminster to the west.
John Richardson (businessman)
The Hon. John Richardson (c. 1754 – 18 May 1831) MP, JP was a Scots-Quebecer and arguably Montreal's leading businessman in his time. In trade, he was in partnership with his first cousin, John Forsyth. A member of the Beaver Club, he established the XY Company and co-founded the Bank of Montreal. A staunch Conservative and Royalist, he represented Montreal East in the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada; assuming the role of the voice of the merchants and appointed an honorary member of the Executive Council of Lower Canada. An intellectual, he was President of the Natural History Society of Montreal and well read in modern and ancient history, law, economics, and British poetry. He was a generous patron to both the Presbyterian and the Anglican Churches, and the first President of the Montreal General Hospital, where the west wing was named for him.

Beaver Club
The Beaver Club was a gentleman's dining club founded in 1785 by the predominantly Scottish English men who had gained control of the fur trade of Montreal. According to the club's rules, the object of their meeting was "to bring together, at stated periods during the winter season, a set of men highly respectable in society, who had passed their best days in a savage country and had encountered the difficulties and dangers incident to a pursuit of the fur trade of Canada". Only fragmentary records remain of their meetings, but from these it is clear that the Beaver Club was "an animated expression of the esprit de corps of the North West Company". The men of the Beaver Club were the predecessors of Montreal's Square Milers.