hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sendai Subway 1000 series
The Sendai Subway 1000N series (仙台市交通局1000N系電車) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai, Japan.

The 1000 series was the world's first train type to use fuzzy logic to control its speed, and this system developed by Hitachi accounts for the relative smoothness of the starts and stops when compared to other trains, and is 10% more energy efficient than human-controlled acceleration. It was the recipient of the 28th Laurel Prize award presented by the Japan Railfan Club.

Namboku Line (Sendai)
The Namboku Line (南北線, Nanboku-sen) is a rapid transit line of Sendai Subway in Sendai, Japan. It connects Izumi-Chūō Station in Izumi-ku, Sendai, with Tomizawa Station in Taihaku-ku, Sendai. The line is 14.8 km (9.2 mi) long and has 17 stations. Like many mainline trains and metros in Japan, it uses the 1067 mm track gauge and runs on 1,500 V overhead line. The name "Namboku" means south–north, which is the general direction that the track runs.

The Namboku Line was the world's first public railway to use fuzzy logic to control its speed. This system (developed by Hitachi) accounts for the relative smoothness of the starts and stops when compared to other trains, and is 10% more energy efficient than human-controlled acceleration.
889 Naval Air Squadron
889 Naval Air Squadron (889 NAS), sometimes referred to as 889 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN).
It was last active during 1945 operating Grumman Hellcat fighter aircraft.

The squadron was created from the RN Fighter Flight in March 1942, to protect the Suez Canal. It initially conducted night fighter missions in Syria. By the end of the year, the squadron returned to Egypt for operations in the Western Desert. It was disbanded in February 1943. It was reformed in Ceylon in April 1944 and joined HMS Atheling in May for missions over the Bay of Bengal. Unfortunately, the squadron faced heavy losses due to accidents, including the loss of its commanding officer, leading to its disbandment in Ceylon in July. The squadron reformed again in June 1945, intended for the British Pacific Fleet, but it disbanded on September 11, the day after it embarked.

Colombo Racecourse
Colombo Racecourse (Sinhala: කොළඹ තුරඟ තරඟ පිටිය) is a historical harness racing course in the Cinnamon Gardens, Colombo. During the Second World War, it was used as a temporary airfield. In 2012, it was redeveloped as the Colombo Racecourse Sports Complex to become the first International Rugby Union ground in Sri Lanka to host all the national rugby union side's home matches.

In 2014, the ground went through a major renovation, which included the installation of floodlights and the conversion of a substantial part of the grandstand into a shopping and dining complex. The ground hosted the 2022 SAFF U-17 Championship.
Reggie Workman
Reginald "Reggie" Workman (born June 26, 1937) is an American avant-garde jazz and hard bop double bassist, recognized for his work with both John Coltrane and Art Blakey, in addition to Alice Coltrane, Mal Waldron, Max Roach, Archie Shepp, Trio Three (with Oliver Lake and Andrew Cyrille), Trio Transition, the Reggie Workman Ensemble, and collaborative projects with dance, poetry and drama.

Olé Coltrane
Olé Coltrane is a studio album by the jazz musician and composer John Coltrane. It was released in November 1961 by Atlantic Records. The album was recorded at A&R Studios in New York, and was the last of Coltrane's Atlantic albums to be made under his own supervision.
Henry of Flanders
Henry of Flanders (1178? – 11 June 1216) was Latin emperor of Constantinople from 1206 until his death in 1216. He was one of the leaders of the Fourth Crusade in which the Byzantine Empire was conquered and Latin Empire formed.

Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat
Boniface I, usually known as Boniface of Montferrat (Italian: Bonifacio del Monferrato; Greek: Βονιφάτιος Μομφερρατικός, romanized: Vonifatios Momferratikos; c. 1150 – 4 September 1207), was the ninth Marquis of Montferrat (from 1192), a leader of the Fourth Crusade (1201–04) and the king of Thessalonica (from 1205).
Nausta
Nausta is a river in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It runs through the Nausta river valley to the southwest before emptying into Førdefjorden at the village of Naustdal below Kletten Hill. The 36-kilometre (22 mi) long river drains a watershed area of about 276 square kilometres (107 sq mi). The river begins at the lake Inste Langevatnet in Sunnfjord Municipality, which sits high up in the mountains at an elevation of 1,390 metres (4,560 ft) above sea level.

Naustdal (village)
Naustdal is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the Førdefjorden at the mouth of the river Nausta, which flows through the Naustdalen valley. The village sits about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the town of Førde and about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of the village of Helle. Kletten Hill rises southeast of the village.

The 0.79-square-kilometre (200-acre) village has a population (2025) of 1,332 and a population density of 1,686 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,370/sq mi).

Norwegian National Road 5 runs through the village on its way from the town of Førde to the town of Florø, which is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northeast. The Naustdal Tunnel has its southern entrance at this village.
The Beaches, Toronto
The Beaches (also known as "the Beach") is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is so named because of its four beaches situated on Lake Ontario. It is located east of downtown within the "Old" City of Toronto. The approximate boundaries of the neighbourhood are from Victoria Park Avenue on the east to Kingston Road on the north, along Dundas Street to Coxwell Avenue on the west, south to Lake Ontario. The Beaches is part of the east-central district of Toronto.

R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant
The R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is both a crucial piece of infrastructure and an architecturally acclaimed historic building named after the longtime commissioner of Toronto's public works Roland Caldwell Harris. The plant's architect was Thomas Canfield Pomphrey with engineers H.G. Acres and William Gore. It is located in the east of the city at the eastern end of Queen Street and at the foot of Victoria Park Avenue along the shore of Lake Ontario in the Beaches neighbourhood in the city of Toronto.

It has been the location for a number of film productions, including Strange Brew (1983) with Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas.
Jaca uprising
The Jaca uprising (Spanish: Sublevación de Jaca) was a military revolt on 12–13 December 1930 in Jaca, Huesca, Spain, with the purpose of overthrowing the monarchy of Spain.
The revolt was launched prematurely, was poorly organized and was quickly suppressed. Its leaders were executed or imprisoned.
However, the revolt sparked political upheavals that led to the declaration of the Second Spanish Republic a few months later.

Jaca
Jaca (Spanish pronunciation: ['xaka]; in Aragonese: Chaca or Xaca) is a city of northeastern Spain in the province of Huesca, located near the Pyrenees and the border with France. Jaca is an ancient fort on the Aragón River, situated at the crossing of two great early medieval routes, one from Toulouse to Santiago de Compostela and Pau to Zaragoza. Jaca was the city out of which the County and Kingdom of Aragon developed. It was the first capital of the Kingdom of Aragon until 1096 and also the capital of Jacetania.
Albert Randolph Ross
Albert Randolph Ross (October 26, 1868 – October 27, 1948) was an American architect, known primarily for designing libraries, especially those funded by Andrew Carnegie. His father, John W. Ross, was an architect based in Davenport, Iowa, and the architect of its city hall.

Milwaukee County Courthouse
The Milwaukee County Courthouse is a high-rise municipal building located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Completed in 1931, it is the third county courthouse to be built in the city and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The first two courthouses were built at what is now Cathedral Square Park on the east side of the Milwaukee River.
1995 Tampa Bay Storm season
The 1995 Tampa Bay Storm season was the ninth season for the Tampa Bay Storm. They finished the 1995 Arena Football League season 10–2 and ended the season with a win in ArenaBowl IX against the Orlando Predators.

1995 Orlando Predators season
The 1995 Orlando Predators season was the fifth season for the Orlando Predators. They finished the 1995 Arena Football League season 7–5 and ended the season with a loss in ArenaBowl IX against the Tampa Bay Storm.
Erlspitze
The Erlspitze, at 2,405 m (AA), is the highest mountain of the range to which it gives its name in the southeastern corner of the Karwendel Alps. Its pyramid-shaped summit makes it a good observation peak north of the Erl Saddle and the Solsteinhaus mountain hut.

Solsteinhaus
The Solsteinhaus is an Alpine Club hut belonging to the Austrian Alpine Club located at a height of 1,806 m (AA) on the Erl Saddle (Erlsattel) between the mountains of the Nordkette and Erlspitze Group. It was opened in 1914 and totally renovated in 2007. It lies in the western Karwendel Alps in the state of Tyrol not far from the state capital of Innsbruck. Due to its central location and the numerous tour options it offers, the hut is a base for climbers taking part in tours of several days long, as well as a starting point for summit attempts. In addition the hut is a popular destination for hikers  who can easily do a day tour to the hut. In winter the hut is closed, but there is a winter room for ski tourers. During safe avalanche conditions, high Alpine ski tours can be undertaken to the surrounding summits; but these all require good experience.
Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus
Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus is a 0.6 μm pleomorphic coccus with a gram negative cell wall, and is one of the few known predatory bacteria. Unlike many bacteria, V. chlorellavorus is an obligate parasite, attaching to the cell wall of green algae of the genus Chlorella. The name Vampirovibrio originates from the Serbian vampir (Cyrillic: вампир). meaning vampire (due to the nature of sucking out cellular contents of its prey) and vibrio referring to the bacterial genus of curved rod bacterium. Chlorellavorus is named for the algal host of the bacterium (Chlorella) and the Latin voro meaning "to devour" (Chlorella-devouring).

Freeze drying
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product and lowering pressure, thereby removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat.

Because of the low temperature used in processing, the rehydrated product retains many of its original qualities. When solid objects like strawberries are freeze dried the original shape of the product is maintained. If the product to be dried is a liquid, as often seen in pharmaceutical applications, the properties of the final product are optimized by the combination of excipients (i.e., inactive ingredients). Primary applications of freeze drying include biological (e.g., bacteria and yeasts), biomedical (e.g., surgical transplants), food processing (e.g., coffee), and preservation.
Slobodskoy Uyezd
Slobodskoy Uyezd (Слободской уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Vyatka Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Slobodskoy.

Vyatka Governorate
Vyatka Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1796 to 1929, with its capital in Vyatka (now Kirov). The area of the governorate roughly corresponds to modern-day Kirov Oblast and Udmurtia.

It was formed on territory of the historical lands of Vyatka (Latin: Veticiae).
Flatanger Municipality
Flatanger is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is Lauvsnes. Other villages include Jøssund, Hasvåg, and Vik.

The 459-square-kilometre (177 sq mi) municipality is the 216th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Flatanger Municipality is the 326th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,116. The municipality's population density is 2.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.2/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Flatanger is also known for having some of the most difficult sport climbing routes in the world.

Hasvåg
Hasvåg is a seaside village in Flatanger Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Hasvågøya peninsula in the far southwestern edge of the municipality. The village has about fifty inhabitants.

On 28 January 2014, a lightning strike caused a wildfire to spread across the heather fields surrounding the village. The fire destroyed the majority of the houses in Hasvåg, but no one lost their lives.

View after the fire

View after the fire
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are abnormal differences seen in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in patients with Alzheimer's disease. ARIA is associated with anti-amyloid drugs, particularly human monoclonal antibodies such as aducanumab. There are two types of ARIA: ARIA-E and ARIA-H. The phenomenon was first seen in trials of bapineuzumab.

Anti-amyloid antibodies
Anti-amyloid antibodies (AAA), are a class of monoclonal antibodies developed to treat Alzheimer's disease. The first drug in the class to be developed, in the early 2000s, is bapineuzumab, but it did not show effectiveness in later-stage trials. The first drug to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was aducanumab—in 2021, but the compound was withdrawn from sale three years later due to Biogen focusing efforts on Lecanumab (Leqembi).
Batajnica railway station
Batajnica railway station is a railway station of Belgrade railway junction, Belgrade–Šid and Belgrade–Subotica railway. Located in Batajnica, Zemun, Belgrade. Railroad continued to Nova Pazova in one, in the other direction to Zemun Polje and the third direction towards to Surčin. Batajnica railway station consists of 11 railway track.

Surčin railway station
Surčin railway station (Serbian: Железничка станица Сурчин) is a railway station of Belgrade railway junction. Located in Surčin, Belgrade, Serbia. Railroad continued to Batajnica in one, and Ostružnica in the other direction. Surčin railway station consists of 5 railway track.
Föckelberg
Föckelberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan, whose seat is in Kusel.

Altenglan
Altenglan is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kusel-Altenglan. Altenglan is a recognized tourism community. Also, named after the municipality is the Altenglan Formation, a lithostratigraphic entity, and by extension, so is Altenglanerpeton, a microsaur whose fossil remains were found therein.
Emily Stowe
Emily Howard Stowe (née Jennings; May 1, 1831 – April 30, 1903) was a Canadian physician who was the first female physician to practise in Canada, the second licensed female physician in Canada and an activist for women's rights and suffrage. Stowe helped found the women's suffrage movement in Canada and campaigned for the country's first medical college for women.

Abortion trial of Emily Stowe
The abortion trial of Emily Stowe was a famous early Canadian judicial decision on abortion in Canada.  The case involved Dr. Emily Stowe, one of Canada's first female doctors.  Stowe was acquitted, which was a rare outcome for abortion trials in the nineteenth century.: 178
Walter Berns
Walter Fred Berns Jr. (May 3, 1919 – January 10, 2015) was an American constitutional law and political philosophy professor. He was a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and a professor emeritus at Georgetown University.

American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, known simply as the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), is a center-right think tank based in Washington, D.C., that researches government, politics, economics, and social welfare. AEI is an independent nonprofit organization supported primarily by contributions from foundations, corporations, and individuals.

Founded in 1938, the organization is aligned with conservatism. AEI advocates in favor of private enterprise, limited government, and democratic capitalism. It is governed by a 29-member Board of Trustees. Approximately 185 authors are associated with AEI. Arthur C. Brooks served as president of AEI from January 2009 through July 1, 2019. He was succeeded by Robert Doar.
Lakehead Junior Hockey League
The Lakehead Junior Hockey League (LJHL) is a Canadian Junior ice hockey league in Northwestern Ontario, sanctioned by Hockey Northwestern Ontario and Hockey Canada. An earlier edition of this league existed in the 1970s.

The Thunder Bay-based league has produced three Keystone Cup Western Canada Junior "B" champion and six Brewers Cup Western Canada Junior "C" champions.

William Ryan Trophy
The William Ryan Trophy is a Canadian ice hockey series to determine the Northwestern Ontario seed of the Keystone Cup - the Western Canada Junior "B" Hockey championship. Hockey Northwestern Ontario sanctioned league winners play-off for the trophy.
Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area
Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) is an offshore marine protected area in Monterey Bay.  Monterey Bay is on California's central coast with the city of Monterey at its south end and the city of Santa Cruz at its north end. The SMCA covers 10.9 square miles (28 km2).  Within the SMCA fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited except the commercial and recreational take of pelagic finfish.

Monterey Bay
Monterey Bay is a bay of the Pacific Ocean located on the coast of the U.S. state of California, south of the San Francisco Bay Area. San Francisco itself is farther north along the coast, by about 75 miles (120 km), accessible via CA 1 and US 101.

Santa Cruz is located at the north end of the bay, and Monterey is on the Monterey Peninsula at the south end. The "Monterey Bay Area" is a regional term used to describe the Monterey Bay-adjacent Central Coast communities of Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito counties. The three counties, along with Monterey Bay-adjacent cities, collaborate in the Association of Monterey Bay Governments (AMBAG) on regional issues and come together for events like the State of the Region hosted by the Monterey Bay Economic Partnership.
Nawabs of Murshidabad
Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad (Bengali: মুর্শিদাবাদের নবাব বাহাদুর), or simply Nawab of Murshidabad, was a hereditary title of Bengal akin to a Western peerage. They were direct descendants of the former nawabs of Bengal, who were the de facto rulers of Bengal, and inherited their estates and property. The inaugural holder was Hassan Ali Mirza. After the death of Waris Ali Mirza in 1969, the title was held in abeyance and later abolished. In August 2014, the Indian Supreme Court ruled that his nephew, Abbas Ali Meerza, was a rightful heir of the nawabs of Murshidabad.

Abbas Ali Meerza
Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Meerza (Bengali: সৈয়দ মহম্মদ আব্বাস আলী মীর্জা; born 1942) is the heir of the last Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad. He has been so since the Supreme Court of India declared him to be the lawful heir in August 2014. The royal title had been in abeyance since the death of his maternal uncle Waris Ali Meerza (the third Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad) in 1969.
Wuhan dialect
The Wuhan dialect (simplified Chinese: 武汉话; traditional Chinese: 武漢話, locally [u⁴²xan¹³xua³⁵]; pinyin: Wǔhànhuà), also known as the Hankou dialect after the former town of Hankou, belongs to the Wu–Tian branch of Southwest Mandarin spoken in Wuhan, Tianmen and surrounding areas in Hubei, China. The Wuhan dialect has limited mutual intelligibility with Standard Chinese. Grammatically, it has been observed to have a similar aspect system to Xiang Chinese.

Southwestern Mandarin
Southwestern Mandarin (Chinese: 西南官话; pinyin: Xīnán Guānhuà), also known as Upper Yangtze Mandarin (Chinese: 上江官话; pinyin: Shàngjiāng Guānhuà), is a Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in much of Southwestern China, including in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, most parts of Hubei, the northwestern part of Hunan, the northern part of Guangxi and some southern parts of Shaanxi and Gansu.

Southwestern Mandarin is spoken by roughly 260 million people. If considered a language distinct from central Mandarin, it would be the eighth-most spoken language by native speakers in the world, behind Mandarin itself, Spanish, English, Hindi, Portuguese, Arabic and Bengali.
Lahaul and Spiti district
Lahaul and Spiti district is a high-altitude district in Himachal Pradesh, north India. This entirely mountainous district consists of two geographically distinct as well as formerly separate political-administrative units, called Lahaul (Tibetan: གར་ཞ་, Wylie: gar zha) and Spiti (Tibetan: སྤི་ཏི་, Wylie: spi ti; or Tibetan: སྤྱི་ཏི, Wylie: spyi ti). Lahaul and Spiti is the largest district by area in Himachal Pradesh, and one of the least populous districts in the whole of India. Kyelang (also spelled as 'Keylong') in Lahaul is the headquarters of the whole district, while Spiti also has a subdivisional headquarters, at Kaza.

Lahaul and Spiti is fast becoming a top weekend getaway destination in Himachal, due to improved road access via Atal Tunnel and rising investment in resorts and adventure activities.

Lahuli–Spiti languages
The Lahuli–Spiti languages the exonym for a subgroup of the Tibetic languages related to the (Stöd) Ngari Tibetan spoken in the Lahaul and Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, India, belonging to the South-Western group of Tibetic languages, earlier classified as  Western Innovative Tibetan. They are more closely related to Standard Tibetan than to the neighboring Ladakhi–Balti languages spoken further north.

According to Tournadre (2014), the Lahuli–Spiti languages include:

Lahuli (Stod Bhoti)

Spiti

Nyamkat

Bhoti Kinnauri

Tukpa (Nesang)
Ramachandran Ramesh
Ramachandran Ramesh (born 20 April 1976), also known as R. B. Ramesh, is an Indian chess grandmaster (GM) from Chennai who won the 2002 British Championship and the 2007 Commonwealth Championship.

He is married to WGM Aarthie Ramaswamy.  They are India's first grandmaster couple.

He founded Chess Gurukul, Chess Academy in Chennai to train young players in 2008. Since then, Chess Gurukul has produced many international chess champions from India, including R Praggnanandhaa, Bharath Subramaniyam, who became an international master in 2019 at the age of 11 years and 8 months.

Ramesh shot to fame with his commentary in the World Chess Championship Match 2013 Anand – Carlsen, where he was the official commentator along with GM Susan Polgar. He also won the Dronacharya Award in 2023.

Aarthie Ramaswamy
Aarthie Ramaswamy (born 28 June 1981) is an Indian chess player. She was awarded the title Woman Grandmaster (WGM) by FIDE in 2003.

In 1993, Ramaswamy won the India under-12 girls championship. In 1995, she won the under-14 and under-16 girls championships. In 1998 and 1999, she won the under-18 girls national title. Also in 1999, Ramaswamy won the Girls U18 section of the World Youth Championships, held in Oropesa del Mar, Spain. In 2001, she competed in the Women's World Chess Championship. Ramaswamy won the Indian women's championship in 2003, edging out S. Vijayalakshmi on tiebreak.

She is married to Indian chess grandmaster R. B. Ramesh.