hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Button Island (Massachusetts)
Button Island is a small island in the Hingham Bay area of Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park. The island has a permanent size of under 1 acre (4,000 m2), plus an intertidal zone of a further 116 acres (0.47 km2).  The island rises 10 feet in elevation and is composed primarily of glacial till. The island is managed by the town of Hingham.

The island is notable for a large oak tree. Several smaller but mature oaks, linden cedars, and sumacs cover the island. Shrub species include bayberry and dewberry. Grasses and sea lavender are abundant in the tidal zone.

Hingham, Massachusetts
Hingham (/ˈhɪŋəm/ HING-əm) is a town in northern Plymouth County in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Part of the Greater Boston region, it is located on the South Shore of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 24,284. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Hingham is known for its colonial history and location on Boston Harbor. The town was named after Hingham, Norfolk, England, and was first settled by English colonists in 1633.
Apportionment paradox
An apportionment paradox is a situation where an apportionment—a rule for dividing discrete objects according to some proportional relationship—produces results that violate notions of common sense or fairness.

Certain quantities, like milk, can be divided in any proportion whatsoever; others, such as horses, cannot—only whole numbers will do. In the latter case, there is an inherent tension between the desire to obey the rule of proportion as closely as possible and the constraint restricting the size of each portion to discrete values.

Several paradoxes related to apportionment and fair division have been identified. In some cases, simple adjustments to an apportionment methodology can resolve observed paradoxes. However, as shown by the Balinski–Young theorem, it is not always possible to provide a perfectly fair resolution that satisfies all competing fairness criteria.: 227–235

Quota rule
In mathematics and political science, the quota rule describes a desired property of proportional apportionment methods. It says that the number of seats allocated to a party should be equal to their entitlement plus or minus one. The ideal number of seats for a party, called their seat entitlement, is calculated by multiplying each party's share of the vote by the total number of seats. Equivalently, it is equal to the number of votes divided by the Hare quota. For example, if a party receives 10.56% of the vote, and there are 100 seats in a parliament, the quota rule says that when all seats are allotted, the party may get either 10 or 11 seats. The most common apportionment methods (the highest averages methods) violate the quota rule in situations where upholding it would cause a population paradox, although unbiased apportionment rules like Webster's method do so only rarely.
Ami Tokito
Ami Tokito (時東 ぁみ, Tokitō Ami; born 25 September 1987 in Tokyo) is a Japanese female pop singer and gravure idol. She made her debut in 2005 Miss Young Jump, winning Tsunku's honorable award.

She started acting as a child actress using her former stage names, Sachie Komatsu and Hikaru Asakura.

She featured as "Amimi" in the 2007 Tsunku produced female trio "Gyaruru", together with Asami Abe and Natsuko "Gal" Sone.

Gal Sone
Gal Sone (ギャル曽根, Gyaru Sone, born Natsuko Sone (曽根 菜津子, Sone Natsuko) on December 4, 1985, in Maizuru, Kyoto) is a female Japanese competitive eater and singer. Her popularity has helped produce a resurgence in Japanese competitive eating, or ōgui, after the outcry following the death of a Japanese schoolboy imitating an eating stunt in 2002 resulted in a three-year hiatus for major Japanese eating contests.
Supercopa MX
Supercopa MX was a professional association football competition in Mexico and a domestic Super cup between the Copa MX champions of the Apertura and Clausura tournaments, the two champions of each season until 2019. Initially played in a two-legged and later with a single final match.

The inaugural edition was held in 2014, with Monarcas Morelia as the first champions in history. The final edition was held in 2019, with Cruz Azul as the last champions. In all, six editions of the trophy were held.

In 2013, Liga MX president Decio De María announced the two Copa MX champions of the year would face each other for the Supercopa MX, with the winners qualifying for the Copa Libertadores as Mexico-3.

Monarcas Morelia, Necaxa, Puebla, Guadalajara, Querétaro and Cruz Azul were the most successful clubs with one title each. In all, only those six clubs won the trophy.

2019 Supercopa MX
The 2019 Supercopa MX was a Mexican football match-up played on 14 July 2019, and is the most-recent edition of the Supercopa MX. It was contested by the champions of the Apertura 2018 Copa MX, Cruz Azul, and the champions of the 2018 Supercopa MX, Necaxa, due to the Clausura 2019 Copa MX champion América competing in the 2019 Campeón de Campeones. Like the previous four editions, the 2019 Supercopa MX was contested in a single-leg format at a neutral venue in the United States. This match took place at the Dignity Health Sports Park in Carson, California for the fourth consecutive year.

The 2019 Supercopa MX was part of a doubleheader, which also included the 2019 Campeón de Campeones, organized by Univision Deportes, Soccer United Marketing (SUM), Liga MX, and LA Galaxy.
Khursa
Khursa (Arabic: خرسا) is a Palestinian village located seven kilometers south-west of Hebron. The village is in the Hebron Governorate in the Southern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the village had a population of 3,481 in 2017. The primary health care facilities for the village are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 2.

Hebron Governorate
The Hebron Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الخليل, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat al-Khalīl) is an administrative district of Palestine in the southern West Bank.

The governorate's land area is 1,060 square kilometres (410 sq mi) and its population according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics in mid-year 2019 was 1,004,510. This makes the Hebron Governorate the largest of 16 governorates in both population and land area in the Palestinian territories. The city of Hebron is the district capital or muhfaza (seat) of the governorate. The current Governor of Hebron is Khaled Dudin.

During the first six months of the First Intifada 42 people in Hebron Governorate were killed by the Israeli army.
Mother of Tears
Mother of Tears (Italian: La Terza madre; lit. 'The Third Mother') is a 2007 supernatural horror film written and directed by Dario Argento, and starring Asia Argento, Daria Nicolodi, Moran Atias, Udo Kier and Coralina Cataldi-Tassoni. The film has also been billed in English-speaking media as Mater Lachrymarum, The Third Mother (English translation of the film's original Italian title) and Mother of Tears: The Third Mother.

Written by Argento, Jace Anderson and Adam Gierasch, the film is the concluding installment of Argento's supernatural horror trilogy The Three Mothers, preceded by Suspiria (1977) and Inferno (1980). The film depicts the confrontation with the final "Mother" witch, known as Mater Lachrymarum.

Myriad Pictures
Myriad Pictures is an independent entertainment company in Santa Monica, California founded in 1999 and specializing in production, financing and worldwide distribution of feature films and television programming.
1996 Montreal Alouettes season
The 1996 Montreal Alouettes finished in second place in the East Division with a 12–6 record in the franchise's first full season in the Canadian Football League since 1986.  Unlike the lean years from 1981 to 1986, the revived Alouettes were going to be competitive, especially since most of them had won the Grey Cup in the previous season as the Baltimore Stallions. They had some nice talented offensive players from that team, such as Tracy Ham, Mike Pringle, kick returner Chris Wright, slotback Chris Armstrong, and two great defensive players in Irvin Smith, and Elfrid Payton. After a slow start they rebounded to finish strong and after defeating the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, they traveled to Toronto, where they were defeated in the East Final by the eventual Grey Cup champions, the Toronto Argonauts.

Tracy Ham
Tracy Ham (born January 5, 1964) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played for the Edmonton Eskimos, the Toronto Argonauts, the Baltimore Stallions, and the Montreal Alouettes. He was known for his abilities as a dual-threat quarterback. He played college football for the Georgia Southern Eagles, where he became the first quarterback to rush for 3,000 yards and pass for 5,000 yards in a career. Ham is an inductee of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. Ham is currently the Senior Associate Athletics Director for Georgia Southern University.
Sotu
Sotu (Spanish: Soto) is one of six parishes (administrative divisions) in Les Regueres, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 138 (INE 2011).

Las Regueras
Las Regueras (Les Regueres in Asturian) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Illas and Llanera, on the south by  Grado, on the west by Candamo, and on the east by Oviedo and Llanera.
Richard Hill (bishop)
Richard Hill (fl. 10 May 1486; died 20 February 1496) was a medieval Bishop of London.

Hill was Archdeacon of Lewes from 1486, until he was provided as Bishop of London on 21 August 1489 and consecrated on 15 November 1489. He was also appointed Dean of the Chapel Royal.

With a group of supporters around the Court of Arches, including Edward Vaughan, he attempted to undermine the prerogative powers of the Archbishop of Canterbury, at the time John Morton.

Dean of the Chapel Royal
The dean of the Chapel Royal, in any kingdom, can be the title of an official charged with oversight of that kingdom's chapel royal, the ecclesiastical establishment which is part of the royal household and ministers to it.
Neomy Storch
Neomy Storch (born 1954) is an Australian linguist. She is currently an associate professor of applied linguistics at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Her research focuses on second language acquisition with a special focus on second language writing. She is noted for her work on second language acquisition, collaborative writing, and academic writing.

Second language writing
Second language writing is the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language as a second or foreign language. The process of second language writing has been an area of research in applied linguistics and second language acquisition theory since the middle of the 20th century. The focus has been mainly on second-language writing in academic settings.

In terms of instructional practices, the focus of second language writing instruction has traditionally been on achieving grammatical accuracy. However, this changed under the influence of compositional studies, which focused on conceptual and structural properties. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the integration of written texts with other media (multimodality) and to the mixing of languages in online media.
George and Neva Barbee House
The George and Neva Barbee House, also known as the Dr. G. S. Barbee House, is a historic home located at Zebulon, Wake County, North Carolina, a town near Raleigh, NC. Constructed in 1914, the two-story, brick American Foursquare house was designed in the American Craftsman / Bungalow style. It features a hipped roof with overhanging eaves, a porte cochere, a sheltered wraparound porch, and a nearly solid brick porch balustrade.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Zebulon, North Carolina
Zebulon (/ˈzɛbjulən/ ZEB-yoo-luhn) is the easternmost town in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 6,903 at the 2020 census. Zebulon is part of the Research Triangle metropolitan region. In May 2022, Zebulon was ranked North Carolina's second fastest growing town, only behind neighboring Wendell.
Hilda Jennings
Hilda Jennings (1894–1978) was a British community activist, sociologist, author, and academic. She is best known for her efforts to improve the lives of working-class communities, particularly through her work in the East End of London, at the Bryn Mawr Community, and as Warden of the Barton Hill University Settlement.

Winifred Gill
Winifred Gill (1891–1981) was a British artist, social reformer and craftswoman. Her extensive correspondence is an important source of information about the Omega Workshop, 1913–1919, set up by Roger Fry of the Bloomsbury Group.
Hierothesion
A hierothesion (Ancient Greek ἱεροθέσιον 'holy seat'), in Commagene, is a monument or royal mausoleum.

The term is used in particular in connection with three monuments:

The Arsameia hierothesion for King Mithridates I Callinicus, built by his son King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene;

The Mount Nemrut hierothesion for King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene;

The Karakuş Tumulus hierothesion for Queen Isias and Princesses Antiochis of Commagene and Aka I of Commagene, built by Mithridates II of Commagene.

Mount Nemrut
Mount Nemrut or Nemrud (Turkish: Nemrut Dağı; Kurdish: Çiyayê Nemrûdê; Armenian: Նեմրութ լեռ; Greek: Όρος Νεμρούτ) is a 2,134-metre-high (7,001 ft) mountain in southeastern Turkey, notable for the summit where a number of large statues are erected around what is assumed to be a royal tomb from the 1st century BC. It is one of the highest peaks in the east of the Taurus Mountains.

It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.
Flinders Highway, Queensland
The Flinders Highway is a highway that crosses Queensland east to west, from Townsville on the Pacific coast to Cloncurry. The road continues as the Barkly Highway from Cloncurry to the Northern Territory border at Camooweal and beyond. The Flinders Highway passes a number of small outback towns and typical outback landscape predominates towards the inland. It was known as National Route 78 before Queensland began to convert to the alphanumeric system being adopted in Australia and is now designated as A6. The highway is also known as Overlanders Way. Its entire length is part of the National Land Transport Network (formerly Auslink).

Hughenden, Queensland
Hughenden (/hjuːəndən/) is a rural town and locality in the Flinders Shire, Queensland, Australia. It is the seat of the Flinders Shire. In the 2021 census, the locality of Hughenden had a population of 1,113 people.
Fanano
Fanano (Frignanese: Fanân) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Modena.

Fanano borders the following municipalities: Cutigliano, Fiumalbo, Lizzano in Belvedere, Montese, San Marcello Piteglio, Sestola.

It is located in the Modenese Apennines. The Monte Cimone is in its territory.

Sestola
Sestola (Sestolese: Sèstula; Frignanese: Sèstla) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Modena, in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Modena. It is located near the Monte Cimone and other mountains of the northern Apennines separating Emilia and Tuscany.

Sestola borders the following municipalities: Fanano, Fiumalbo, Lizzano in Belvedere, Montecreto, Montese, Pavullo nel Frignano, Riolunato.
Mehtuli Khanate
Mehtuli Khanate (Kumyk: Mahtulu xanlıq, Russian: Мехтулинское ханство), or otherwise known as Dzhengutai Khanate (Kumyk: Cüñütey xanlıq) was a Kumyk state in Dagestan that existed in the 17th–19th centuries.

Umma Khan V
Umma Khan V (Avar: Кӏудияв Гӏумахан; 1761 or 1762 – March 22, 1801), also known as Omar Khan and nicknamed the Great or the Mad, was the ruler (nutsal) of the Avar Khanate from 1774 to 1801. Under Umma Khan, the Avar Khanate expanded its borders both by subordinating the Avar free societies, and at the expense of neighboring territories. He was paid tribute by the Georgian king Erekle II, Derbent, Quba, Baku, Shirvan, Shaki khans and the Ottoman pasha of Akhaltsikhe.
National Science Foundation Network
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) from 1985 to 1995 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States. The program created several nationwide backbone computer networks in support of these initiatives. It was created to link researchers to the NSF-funded supercomputing centers. Later, with additional public funding and also with private industry partnerships, the network developed into a major part of the Internet backbone.

The National Science Foundation permitted only government agencies and universities to use the network until 1989 when the first commercial Internet service provider emerged. By 1991, the NSF removed access restrictions and the commercial ISP business grew rapidly.

PSINet
PSINet, formerly Performance Systems International, was an American internet service provider based in Northern Virginia. As one of the first commercial Internet service providers (ISPs), it was involved in the commercialization of the Internet until the company's bankruptcy in 2001 during the dot-com bubble and acquisition by Cogent Communications in 2002.

It was founded on December 5, 1989, and 
began offering services, including limited for-profit access to the Internet, on January 1, 1990, becoming one of the first companies to sell Internet connectivity.
Pipunculidae
Pipunculidae is a family of flies (Diptera) commonly  termed big-headed flies, a reference to the large (holoptic) eyes, which cover nearly the entire head. The family is found worldwide and more than 1300 species have been described.

The larvae of Pipunculidae develop as parasitoids almost exclusively in Auchenorrhyncha, the exception being the genus 
Nephrocerus, whose hosts are adult Tipulidae (crane flies). The larvae develop rapidly within the crane flies before  pupating in the soil. In all pipunculids there are only two larval stages. Some species are used as biological control agents in rice fields.

Priabona florissantius
Priabona is an extinct genus of big-headed flies in the dipteran subfamily Nephrocerinae, within which it is one of only two genera. The genus contains a single described species, Priabona florissantius. Priabona is known from a single Late Eocene fossil from western North America.
Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
The Age of Sail encompasses the period of roughly 1571–1862, when large, sail-powered wooden naval warships dominated the high seas, mounting a large variety of types and sizes of cannon as their main armament. By modern standards, these naval artillery pieces were extremely inefficient, difficult to load, and short ranged. These characteristics, along with the handling and seamanship of the ships that mounted them, defined the environment in which the naval tactics in the Age of Sail developed.

36-pounder long gun
The 36-pounder long gun was the largest piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of Sail. They were also used for coastal defense and fortification. They largely exceeded the heaviest guns fielded by the Army, which were 24-pounder long guns. The nominal weight of shot was 36 French livres, 17.6 kg (38.8 lb).
George Christie (opera manager)
Sir George William Langham Christie CH DL (31 December 1934 – 7 May 2014) was a British opera administrator, long affiliated with Glyndebourne Opera.  He was the son of John Christie and Audrey Mildmay.

Audrey Mildmay
Grace Audrey Laura St John-Mildmay (19 December 1900 – 31 May 1953) was an English and Canadian soprano and co-founder, with her husband, John Christie, of Glyndebourne Festival Opera. The Canadian Encyclopedia describes her voice "as a light lyric soprano employed with much charm."
Victoria Park Market
Victoria Park Market is a cluster of galleries, workshops, studios, offices, restaurants and retail shops as well as a gym and Pilates Studio in Auckland, New Zealand. The precinct is housed in a former waste depot and incinerator complex. It is located in Freemans Bay and its name derives from the adjacent Victoria Park which was created in 1905 and named after the late Queen who had died four years earlier.

Until April 2016 the precinct was a craft, souvenir and clothing market and retail complex. It underwent a $22M refurbishment allowing for the earthquake proofing of the historic buildings and the introduction of some new buildings.

The weekend Pop Up Markets recommenced  in June 2017 after the refurbishment works were completed. There is a popular Celebrity Walk of Fame; this opened in 1984, and features the hand or footprints of famous New Zealanders including Sir Edmund Hillary, Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, Billy T James, John Walker and Rachel Hunter.

Victoria Park, Auckland
Victoria Park is a park and sports ground in the Auckland city centre, New Zealand. It was opened in 1905 and named after the queen who had died four years earlier. It lies on reclaimed bay land in Freemans Bay, a suburb directly west of the Auckland CBD. However, it does not have direct connection to the foreshore anymore, as the Western Reclamation and the Viaduct Basin quarter lie between it and the Waitematā Harbour. The bay started to be filled in as early as the 1870s although the bulk of the reclamation appears to have happened after 1901. The Park was 'finished' around 1912, the area to the north (called the Western Reclamation) dates from after that.
General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air and space forces, marines or naval infantry.

In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel.

General (United Kingdom)
General (or full general to distinguish it from the lower general officer ranks) is the highest rank achievable by serving officers of the British Army and the Royal Marines.  The rank can also be held by Royal Marines officers in tri-service posts, for example, Generals Sir Gordon Messenger and Sir Gwyn Jenkins, former Vice-Chiefs of the Defence Staff. It ranks above lieutenant-general and, in the Army, is subordinate to the rank of field marshal, which is now awarded as an honorary rank only.  The rank of general has a NATO-code of OF-9, and is a four-star rank.  It is equivalent to a full admiral in the Royal Navy or an air chief marshal in the Royal Air Force.

Officers holding the ranks of general, lieutenant-general and major-general are 'general officers' and may be addressed as 'general'.
Castel Boglione
Castel Boglione is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Asti.

Castel Boglione borders the following municipalities: Calamandrana, Castel Rocchero, Fontanile, Montabone, Nizza Monferrato, and Rocchetta Palafea.

Castel Rocchero
Castel Rocchero is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southeast of Asti.

Castel Rocchero borders the following municipalities: Acqui Terme, Alice Bel Colle, Castel Boglione, Castelletto Molina, Fontanile, and Montabone.