hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wadi el-Hudi
Wadi el-Hudi is a mining region that includes a large wadi and a mountain named Gebel el-Hudi in the Egyptian Eastern Desert, Southeast of Aswan. The name hudi is thought to come from the Arabic word for guide. Wadi el-Hudi is geologically rich and has been the basis of considerable mining and study since Ancient times. While it was initially known for the ancient amethyst quarries, this area is important the study of Egyptian archaeology and history because of its high number of rock inscriptions, stele, settlements, and mines, mainly dating to the Middle Kingdom. This area is fairly large, about 100 square kilometers.

Senusret I
Senusret I (Middle Egyptian: z-n-wsrt; /suʀ nij ˈwas.ɾiʔ/) also anglicized as Sesostris I and Senwosret I (died c. 1926 BC) was the second king of the 12th Dynasty of Egypt, and was one of the most powerful kings of the dynasty. He was the son of Amenemhat I. Senusret I was known by his prenomen, Kheperkare, which means "the Ka of Re is created." He expanded the territory of Egypt, allowing him to rule during an age of prosperity.
Washington Army National Guard
The Washington Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the Washington National Guard based in Washington. The history of the Washington Army National Guard dates back to 1854 with formation of the Washington Territorial Militia. The command is headquartered at Camp Murray in Pierce County. It consists of 6,200 soldiers in two brigades and various smaller units located throughout the state.

303rd Cavalry Regiment (United States)
The 303rd Cavalry Regiment is a United States cavalry regiment, currently represented in the Washington Army National Guard (WA ARNG) by the 1st Squadron, 303rd Cavalry, headquartered at Centralia, Washington, part of the 96th Troop Command. It incorporates the lineage of the 303rd Cavalry, 303rd Armor, and 803rd Armor Regiments of the Washington Army National Guard.
Austrobaileya
Austrobaileya is the sole genus in the plant family Austrobaileyaceae – the family is thus 'monotypic' as it includes a single child taxon. It is one of the basal angiosperm families, the most ancient group of flowering plants. The genus is also monotypic, containing the single species Austrobaileya scandens. The species is endemic to the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, Australia, where it occurs in well-developed upland rainforest. It was first described in 1933.

Magnoliales
The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Magnoliales include: magnolias, tulip trees, custard apples, American pawpaw, cherimoyas, ylang-ylang, soursop fruit, and nutmeg.
Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
Admiral Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas (5 September 1860 – 19 February 1933) was the Prime Minister of Spain from the resignation of Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté on to the deposition of King Alfonso XIII and the proclamation of the Spanish Second Republic on April 14, 1931.

An admiral of the Spanish Navy, honorary captain general of the Navy since 1928, he was made Prime Minister at a time of intense crisis, in the first months of 1931, when the monarchy was on the verge of falling under popular pressure for a republic. His attempts to save the crown failed, and King Alfonso had to go to exile.

Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones
Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres, 1st Count of Romanones (9 August 1863 – 11 October 1950) was a Spanish politician and businessman. He served as Prime Minister three times between 1912 and 1918, president of the Senate, president of the Congress of Deputies, Mayor of Madrid and many times as cabinet minister. He belonged to the Liberal Party. Romanones, who built an extensive political network, exerted a tight control on the political life of the province of Guadalajara during much of the Restoration period. He also was a prolific writer, authoring a number of history essays.
Bagnall–Price valve gear
Bagnall–Price valve gear is a type of steam engine valve gear developed at locomotive manufacturer W.G. Bagnall as an alternative to the more common Walschaerts valve gear and also to supersede the Baguley valve gear their designs had previously utilised. The gear was patented in 1903 by W.G. Bagnall and T. S. Price, the manager of the works.

Walschaerts valve gear
The Walschaerts valve gear, known as Heusinger valve gear in parts of Europe, is a type of valve gear used to regulate the flow of steam to the pistons in steam locomotives, invented by Belgian railway engineer Egide Walschaerts in 1844. The gear is sometimes named without the final "s", since it was incorrectly patented under that name. It was extensively used in steam locomotives from the late 19th century until the end of the steam era.
Hapıtlı, Agdash
40°29′18″N 47°23′33″E﻿ / ﻿40.48833°N 47.39250°E﻿ / 40.48833; 47.39250

Hapıtlı (also, Gapytly and Khapytly) is a village in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Aşağı Ləki.

Aşağı Ləki
Aşağı Ləki (also, Ashagy Lyaki) is a village and municipality in the Agdash Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,339. The municipality consists of the villages of Aşağı Ləki, Hapıtlı, and Ovçulu.
Envie
Envie is a comune (municipality) in the province of Cuneo, Piedmont, northern Italy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Turin and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Envie borders the following municipalities: Barge, Revello, Rifreddo, Sanfront.

Revello
Revello (Arvel in  Piedmontese, Revel in Occitan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Revello borders the following municipalities: Barge, Brondello, Cardè, Envie, Gambasca, Martiniana Po, Pagno, Rifreddo, and Saluzzo. In the frazione of San Firmino, on the Po River, is the eponymous church, built over an ancient Roman temple (of which parts of two columns remain).
Makinohara
Makinohara (牧之原市, Makinohara-shi) is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 July 2019,  the city had an estimated population of 45,813 in 16980 households  and a population density of 410 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 111.69 square kilometres (43.12 sq mi).

Shimada, Shizuoka
Shimada (島田市, Shimada-shi) is a city located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The city covers an area of 315.7 square kilometres (121.9 sq mi). It had an estimated population in September 2023 of 93,724, giving a population density of about 300 persons per km2.
Brigadeführer
Brigadeführer (German: [bʁiˈɡaːdəfyːʁɐ], lit. 'brigade leader') was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945.  It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as Untergruppenführer in late 1929 and 1930.

Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
The uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel (SS) served to distinguish its Nazi paramilitary ranks between 1925 and 1945 from the ranks of the Wehrmacht (the German armed forces from 1935), the German state, and the Nazi Party.
Pragmatism
Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that views language and thought as tools for prediction, problem solving, and action, rather than describing, representing, or mirroring reality. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics—such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and science—are best viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes.

Pragmatism began in the United States in the 1870s. Its origins are often attributed to philosophers Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. In 1878, Peirce described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."

Postanalytic philosophy
Postanalytic philosophy describes a detachment from the mainstream philosophical movement of analytic philosophy, which is the predominant school of thought in English-speaking countries. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines the movement as denoting "philosophers who owe much to Analytic philosophy but who think that they have made some significant departure from it." The movement cannot be unified into a single positive project as it is defined in terms of what it stands against, although it has generally been seen as bridging the gap between analytic and continental philosophy.: 7
International Fellowship of Reconciliation
The International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) is a non-governmental organization founded in 1914 in response to the horrors of war in Europe. Today IFOR counts 71 branches, groups and affiliates in 48 countries on all continents. IFOR members promote nonviolence, human rights and reconciliation through public education efforts, training programs and campaigns. The IFOR International Secretariat in Utrecht, Netherlands facilitates communication among IFOR members, links branches to capacity building resources, provides training in gender-sensitive nonviolence through the Women Peacemakers Program, and helps coordinate international campaigns, delegations and urgent actions. IFOR has ECOSOC status at the United Nations.

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (born 26 November 1931) is an Argentine activist, community organizer, painter, writer and sculptor. He was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976–1983), during which he was detained, tortured, and held without trial for 14 months. He also received, among other distinctions, the Pacem in Terris Award.
Park Young-sun
Park Young-sun (Korean: 박영선; born 22 January 1960) is a South Korean journalist-turned politician previously served as the second Minister of SMEs and Startups under President Moon Jae-in from April 2019 to 2021 and the first woman to lead SME-specialised government entity since its creation in 1996. Park is also a four-term parliamentarian of Democratic Party.

Oh Se-hoon
Oh Se-hoon (Korean: 오세훈; born 4 January 1961) is a South Korean politician and lawyer who has served as the mayor of Seoul since 2021, an office he previously held from 2006 to 2011. A member of the People Power Party, he served as a member of the National Assembly from 2000 to 2004.
Push present
A push present (also called a push gift or a baby bauble) is a present a partner or family member gives to the mother to mark the occasion of her giving birth to their child. In practice the present may be given before or after the birth, or even in the delivery room. The giving of push presents has supposedly grown in the United States in recent years. However, it is at the discretion of the partner or father.

Gift
A gift or present is an item given to someone (who is not already the owner) without the expectation of payment or anything in return. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is intended to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, goods, etc., may sustain social relationships and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension, the term gift can refer to any item or act of service that makes the other happier or less sad, especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are often presented on occasions such as birthdays and holidays.
Capital Connection
The Capital Connection is a long-distance commuter train operated by KiwiRail between Palmerston North and the capital city of Wellington on the Wellington-Manawatu section of the North Island Main Trunk.

In 2018, the service faced funding issues, but the Government ensured that the service would continue, with the NZ Transport Agency (NZTA, otherwise known as Waka Kotahi) and regional councils investing in subsidies and the replenishment of rolling stock.

The modernisation and replacement of the service has been included in the Horizons Regional Council 2021–2031 Regional Land Transport Plan and the Greater Wellington Regional Council plan.

The service is to be replaced by the Tūhono trains i.e. New Zealand BEMU class electric multiple units to provide a modern and more frequent service in 2030.

Kāpiti Line
Metlink's Kāpiti Line is the electrified southern portion of the North Island Main Trunk railway between New Zealand's capital city, Wellington, and Waikanae on the Kāpiti Coast, operated by Transdev Wellington on behalf of Greater Wellington Regional Council. Trains run frequently every day, with stops at 16 stations. Until 20 February 2011 it was known as the Paraparaumu Line.
Nan province
Nan (Thai: น่าน, pronounced [nâːn]; Northern Thai: ᨶᩣ᩠᩵ᨶ) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), and lies in upper northern Thailand.  Neighboring provinces are (from south clockwise): Uttaradit, Phrae, and Phayao. To the north and east it borders Sainyabuli of Laos.

Phrae province
Phrae (Thai: แพร่, pronounced [pʰrɛ̂ː]; Northern Thai:  ᨻᩯᩖ᩵, pronounced [pɛ̂ː]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six Provinces (changwat) and lies in upper northern Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from north) Phayao, Nan, Uttaradit, Sukhothai, and Lampang.
France AEROTECH
France AEROTECH is the name of the French national network for aeronautical and space grandes écoles (engineering graduate schools).

It has been created in 2011 by Arts et Métiers ParisTech, École centrale de Lyon, École centrale de Nantes, École nationale de l'aviation civile and École nationale supérieure d’électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématique et mécanique de Bordeaux.

The goals of France AEROTECH are to provide French courses abroad, developing international research projects and courses in aeronautical and space engineering, and helping emerging markets.

To achieve all these projects, the universities will create a summer program in embedded systems and a master in airworthiness.

École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématique et mécanique de Bordeaux
Bordeaux Institute of Technology - ENSEIRB-MATMECA School of Engineering (in French: Bordeaux INP - ENSEIRB-MATMECA) is a French Engineering Grande École located in Bordeaux and specialized in Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Computer Science, Telecommunications, Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics.

The majority of the admitted students are selected among candidates from the French Preparatory Classes for Engineering Schools which is a 2 to 3-year undergraduate level program in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Engineering Sciences. After admission, the standard curriculum is a 3-year program resulting in the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur, considered as a Master's degree of the European Higher Education Area.
Igor Blauberg
Igor Viktorovich Blauberg (1928 – May 23, 1990) was a Soviet philosopher and cyberneticist. Blauberg was Head of Systems Approach and Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory of the Research Institute for Systems Studies in Moscow. He is known for his pioneering work in the field of systems theory in Russia.

Erik Yudin
Erik Grigorevich Yudin (1930 – 15 January 1976) was a Russian philosopher and cybernetician.

In 1956, Yudin, publicly denounced the Russian invasion of Hungary. His employment was termination, he was expelled from the Communist Party, and then arrested by the KGB and imprisoned. In March 1960, he was released from prison after numerous petitions from his parents. He then started to attended seminars of the Moscow Methodological Group run by Georgy Shchedrovitsky.

He participated in the development of activity theory. He was the first person to differentiate between activity as a
“perspective” – which he calls an explanatory principle – and as an object of study.
UGL Rail
UGL Rail (formerly A Goninan & Co (/ɡəˈnɪnən/)) is an Australian rail company specialising in building,  maintaining and refurbishing diesel locomotives, diesel and electric multiple units and freight wagons. It is a subsidiary of UGL and is based in Melbourne, with a staff of 1,200 across Australia and Asia. It operates factories in Broadmeadow (Newcastle), Spotswood and Bassendean. While it used to operate a factory in Taree, the plant was shut down and the equipment sold off.

Queensland Railways 2800 class
The 2800 class are a class of diesel locomotive built by A Goninan & Co, Townsville for Queensland Rail between 1995 and 1998.

They are currently owned by Aurizon, and operate on the North Coast and Mount Isa lines.

Its horn is the Kockum Sonics MKT75.
Cobananthus
Cobananthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, with a single species Cobananthus calochlamys. It is a subshrub native to southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala. It is sometimes included in the genus Alloplectus, but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the two genera are not closely related, with Cobananthus more closely related to Alsobia.

Alloplectus
Alloplectus is a genus of Neotropical plants in the family Gesneriaceae. A 2005 revision of the genus included five species, with the majority of species in the genus as traditionally circumscribed being transferred to Crantzia, Glossoloma, and Drymonia. Plants of the World Online currently accepts seven species.
Cosgrove Hall, Northamptonshire
Cosgrove Hall is an early-18th-century Grade II listed country house in Cosgrove, Northamptonshire. It was built on the site of an earlier house by the Furtho family. It is not open to the public. It may have been built by John Lumley of Northampton. In the nineteenth century, the building belonged to John Christopher Mansel. In May 1945, Queen Geraldine of Albania, the Queen consort to King Zog I of Albania, opened a fête at the hall. The building was destroyed by fire in October 2016.

As well as the hall the other Grade II buildings on the estate are the dovecote, the stable block and the ice house. In front of the house, there is an excavated Roman bath house, viewable from the Grand Union Canal.

Cosgrove, Northamptonshire
Cosgrove is a village in West Northamptonshire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) north of Stony Stratford, 6 miles (10 km) north of Central Milton Keynes and 12 miles (19 km) south of Northampton along the A508 road and 8 miles (13 km) south-east of Towcester along the A5 road (the Roman road Watling Street). The River Tove passes to the east of the village, flowing into the River Great Ouse just to the south. The Grand Union Canal passes through the middle of the village

The villages name means 'Cof's grove' or perhaps, less likely, 'Cof's pit/trench'.
Bhiwadi
Bhiwadi is a planned city in Khairthal-Tijara district in the Indian state of Rajasthan and a Part of National Capital Region of Delhi. It is located 32 from Khairthal-Tijara city, the district headquarters, 85 km away from the city of Alwar and situated on the Rajasthan-Haryana border. Bhiwadi is considered to be a hub for Taiwanese and Japanese companies. The city is divided into three separate zones, which are the residential, industrial and commercial zones. In recent years, it also became one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of air pollution.

Tijara
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Khairthal-Tijara district of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara comes under the NCR area and is situated 55 km to the northeast of Alwar. The nearest railway station to Tijara is Khairthal. Bhiwadi is a census town in Tijara. It is the biggest industrial area of Rajasthan and part of the Ahirwal region. Ahirwal was a post-Mughal principality ruled by Ahirs.
Energy forestry
Energy forestry is a form of forestry in which a fast-growing species of tree or woody shrub is grown specifically to provide biomass or biofuel for heating or power generation.

The two forms of energy forestry are short rotation coppice and short rotation forestry:

Short rotation coppice may include tree crops of poplar, willow or eucalyptus, grown for two to five years before harvest.

Short rotation forestry are crops of alder, ash, birch, eucalyptus, poplar, and sycamore, grown for eight to twenty years before harvest.

Short rotation coppice
Short rotation coppice (SRC) is coppice grown as an energy crop.  This woody solid biomass can be used in applications such as district heating, electric power generating stations, alone or in combination with other fuels. Currently, the leading countries in area planted for energy generation are Sweden and the UK.
Special Warfare Department
The Special Warfare Department (SWD, Turkish: Özel Harp Dairesi (ÖHD)) was the special forces unit of the Turkish Army. Founded in 1952, it was formed out of the Army's Tactical Mobilisation Group (Turkish: Seferberlik Taktik Kurulu, STK). It was disbanded in 1992, with responsibility for special operations then taken over by the new Special Forces Command.

Former members include Korkut Eken.

Korkut Eken
Korkut Eken (born 1945) is a former Turkish military officer and National Intelligence Organization (MİT) agent. He became involved in the Susurluk scandal in Turkey after some of his subordinates, notably Ayhan Çarkın, were convicted of extrajudicial killings. In 2001, among the first convictions arising from the scandal, Eken was found guilty of establishing and managing a criminal gang with the aim of "creating panic in society" and sentenced to six years in prison.
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic autoimmune blistering skin condition, characterised by intensely itchy blisters filled with a watery fluid. DH is a cutaneous manifestation of coeliac disease, although the exact causal mechanism is not known. DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus; the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance (Latin: -formis) similar to herpes.

The age of onset is usually about 15 to 40, but DH also may affect children and the elderly. Men are slightly more affected than women. Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000. It is most common in patients of northern European and northern Indian ancestry, and is associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.

Dermatitis herpetiformis was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884. A connection between DH and coeliac disease was recognized in 1967.

Dyshidrosis
Dyshidrosis is a type of dermatitis, characterized by itchy vesicles of 1–2 mm in size, on the palms of the hands, sides of fingers, or bottoms of the feet. Outbreaks usually conclude within three to four weeks, but often recur.  Repeated attacks may result in fissures and skin thickening. The cause of the condition is not known.
Candeleros Formation
The Candeleros Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in the Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is the oldest formation in the Neuquén Group and belongs to the Rio Limay Subgroup. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Candeleros Formation was known as the Candeleros Member.

Río Limay Subgroup
The Río Limay Subgroup is a geological unit of the Neuquén Group in the Neuquén Basin of Neuquén, Mendoza and Río Negro Provinces, northern Patagonia, Argentina. The strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Early Cenomanian to Early Turonian. The Río Limay Subgroup overlies the Lohan Cura Formation, separated by an unconformity dated to 98 Ma. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formations it contains.

Having previously been considered a distinct formation, the Río Limay Subgroup is now considered a member of the larger Neuquén Group, and itself contains several specific geological formations (from youngest to oldest):

Lisandro Formation (late Cenomanian to early Turonian)

Huincul Formation (late Cenomanian)

Candeleros Formation (early Cenomanian)