hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince v. Massachusetts
Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158 (1944), was a Supreme Court of the United States case which held that the government has broad authority to regulate the actions and treatment of children. Parental authority is not absolute and can be permissibly restricted if doing so is in the interests of a child's welfare. While children share many of the rights of adults, they face different potential harms from similar activities.

Jacobson v. Massachusetts
Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the authority of states to enforce compulsory vaccination laws. The Court's decision articulated the view that individual liberty is not absolute and is subject to the police power of the state. Jacobson has been invoked in numerous other Supreme Court cases as an example of a baseline exercise of the police power.
Victorian Medical Women's Society
The Victorian Medical Women's Society (VMWS) is the longest-running association of women medical practitioners and medical students. It was established in Melbourne, Australia in 1896 and is one of the oldest active medical organisations in the world. The aim of the society was to set a benchmark in women's health around Victoria, and to advance the professional development of medical women, through education, research, and the improvement of professional opportunities.  The state-run society became affiliated with the national body, Australian Federation of Medical Women (since 1927), and thereby the Medical Women's International Association.

Clara Stone
Grace 'Clara' Stone (12 January 1860 – 10 May 1957) was a medical doctor from Melbourne, Australia, who was one of the founders of the Queen Victoria Hospital and a co-founder, and the first president, of the Victorian Medical Women's Society. She was also in the group of seven women who successfully fought the ban against women studying medicine at Melbourne University in 1887, and one of the first two women to graduate as a doctor, in 1891.
Esmeralda (Mexican TV series)
Esmeralda is a Mexican telenovela produced by Salvador Mejía for Televisa in 1997. It is a remake of the famous 1970 Venezuelan telenovela of the same name, written by Delia Fiallo.

It stars Leticia Calderón, Fernando Colunga, Enrique Lizalde, Laura Zapata, Salvador Pineda and Ignacio López Tarso.

On Monday, May 5, 1997, Canal de las Estrellas started broadcasting Esmeralda weekdays at 8:00pm, replacing Mujer, casos de la vida real. The last episode was broadcast on Friday, November 14, 1997 with Desencuentro replacing it the following Monday.

It was the first collaboration between Fernando Colunga and Juan Pablo Gamboa, who would both later work in La usurpadora (1998), which is also a production of Mejia.

In the United States, it was first broadcast on Univision from December 15, 1997 to July 9, 1998.

In 1998 it was named Best Telenovela of the Year by the TVyNovelas Awards.

Esmeralda (Venezuelan TV series)
Esmeralda is a 1970 Venezuelan telenovela produced by José Enrique Crousillat and directed by Grazio D’Angelo for Venevisión. It is based on an original story written by the Cuban Writer Delia Fiallo. The telenovela it stars Lupita Ferrer and José Bardina as main characters.
Ivan Dryer
Ivan Dryer (March 7, 1939 – July 27, 2017) is generally considered to be the father of the commercial laser light show industry. He is the founder of the world's first continuously running laser entertainment, known as Laserium.

Laser lighting display
A laser lighting display or laser light show involves the use of  laser light to entertain an audience.  A laser light show may consist only of projected laser beams set to music, or may accompany another form of entertainment, typically musical performances.

Laser light is useful in entertainment because the coherent nature of laser light allows a narrow beam to be produced, which allows the use of optical scanning to draw patterns or images on walls, ceilings or other surfaces including theatrical smoke and fog without refocusing for the differences in distance, as is common with video projection. This inherently more focused beam is also extremely visible, and is often used as an effect.  Sometimes the beams are "bounced" to different positions with mirrors to create laser sculptures.
St. Luke's Church (Clermont, New York)
St. Luke's Church is a historic church on US 9 in Clermont, Columbia County, New York.  It was built in 1857 and is a one-story, Gothic Revival style frame church with a steeply pitched gable roof and board and batten siding.  It features a large open framed bell tower with a polygonal steeple and elaborate trim.  The entry porch gable roof has a decorative bargeboard.  It was designed by noted ecclesiastical architect Richard M. Upjohn (1828-1903).  The church was decommissioned and was donated for town use in the 1970s.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.  It is located within the Clermont Civic Historic District, established in 2003.

Clermont Civic Historic District
Clermont Civic Historic District is a national historic district located at Clermont in Columbia County, New York.  The district includes one contributing building and one contributing site: the Clermont Town Hall and the Clermont Cemetery.  Within the district boundaries, but listed separately are Clermont Academy and St. Luke's Church. The district unites the three buildings and cemetery.

The Clermont Town Hall is a modest Queen Anne–style building constructed in 1894.  It is one and one half stories, with a high-pitched gable roof and set on a low stone foundation.  The Clermont Cemetery was established about 1850 and is next to St. Luke's Church. It includes approximately 300 burials, mostly dated from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
Customs and Excise Group
The Customs and Excise Group was a trade union representing civil servants working in customs and excise in the United Kingdom.

The union was founded in 1972, when the Customs and Excise Federation merged with the Customs and Excise Preventive Staff Association.  The components of the former federation, including the Customs and Excise Controlling Grades Association and the Customs and Excise Surveyors Association, became affiliates of the new union.  The union affiliated to the Trades Union Congress.  Its general secretary was Jack Morrish.

The union had 12,000 members by 1973, and had grown to 13,148 by 1975, when it merged into the Society of Civil and Public Servants.

Customs and Excise Preventive Staff Association
The Customs and Excise Preventive Staff Association (PSA) was a trade union representing customs officials in the United Kingdom.

The union was in existence by 1947, when it was led by A. E. Farmer.  It affiliated to the Trades Union Congress, and by 1971 it had 2,845 members.  The following year, it merged into the Customs and Excise Group.
John II of Werle
John II, Lord of Werle[-Güstrow] nicknamed The Bald (after 1250 – 27 August 1337), was from 1309 to 1316 co-regent of Werle and from 1316 to 1337 Lord of Werle-Güstrow. He was the second eldest son of John I of Werle and Sophie of Lindow-Ruppin.

He ruled Werle from 1309 to 1316 jointly with his brother Nicholas II. After Nicholas's death in 1316 it was decided to divide the territory, and John took control over part of the territory called Werle-Güstrow, and Nicholas's son John III, took control over the part called Werle-Goldberg.

On 4 May 1326, King Christopher II of Denmark promised to invest John and Lord Henry II of Mecklenburg with the Principality of Rügen. However, the Dukes of Pomerania took Rugen, leading to the Rügen War of Succession. Pomerania successfully defended Rügen, and Mecklenburg's claims on Rügen could not be enforced.

John II reduced his debts by prosecuting Jews for host desecration.

He died in 1337 and was buried in the Doberan Minster.

Nicholas II of Werle
Nicholas II, Lord of Werle (before 1275 – 18 February 1316 in Pustow, near Güstrow) was Lord of Werle-Parchim from 1283 until his death, and from 1292 Lord of Werle.

His uncle Henry I of Werle was killed in 1291 by his sons Henry II and Nicholas because he had remarried and they felt this threatened their inheritance.  After a prolonged war, Nicholas II defeated his cousins, who had formed an alliance with Lord Henry II of Mecklenburg and Elector Albert III of Brandenburg.  This allowed him to reunite Werle-Parchim and Werle-Güstrow.

In 1311, he travelled to Montpellier in southern France, where he hoped to be cured of leprosy at the famous school of medicine.  He was not cured, but the progress of the disease was slowed.  He retired from government and lived the rest of his life at Pustow, near Güstrow.

Nicholas II died in 1316.  After his death, Werle was split again, with Nicholas' son John III taking Werle-Goldberg and Nicholas' younger brother John II taking Werle-Güstrow.
Kronenberg, Netherlands
Kronenberg (Limburgish: De Kroeënenberg) is a village in  southeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, about 13 km northwest of Venlo. It used to be part of the former municipality Sevenum, with Evertsoord.

In 1932, a parish was established in Kronenberg. A large part of the amusement park Toverland is located on Kronenberg's territory, as well as Peelbergen Equestrian Centre.

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas (Dutch: [ˈɦɔrst aːn də ˈmaːs] ⓘ; Limburgish: Haors aan de Maos [ˈɦɔːʀs aːn də ˈmɔːs]) is a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, in the province of Limburg. In 2010 the municipalities Sevenum and part of Meerlo-Wanssum joined the municipality.
Leo I of Galicia
Leo I of Galicia (Old Ruthenian: Левъ Данилович; Ukrainian: Лев Дани́лович, romanized: Lev Danýlovych; Latin: Leo dux Ruthenorum; c. 1228 – c. 1301) was King of Ruthenia, Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Przemyśl, Galicia (1264–1269), and Kiev (1271–1301).

He was a son of King Daniel of Galicia and his first wife, Anna Mstislavna Smolenskaia (daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold). As his father, Lev was a member of the senior branch of Vladimir II Monomakh descendants.

King of Ruthenia
The King of Ruthenia (Latin: Rex Rutheniae) or King of the Ruthenians (Latin: Rex Ruthenorum), also known as the King of Rus' or King of Russia (Latin: Rex Rusiae, Rex Russiae; Rex Rusciae; Ukrainian: Король Русі), were royal titles held or claimed by various medieval and later monarchs and dynasts, mainly among various East Slavic, but also Polish, Lithuanian and Hungarian rulers and princes. During the 13th and 14th centuries, principal claimants on those titles were rulers of Galicia–Volhynia.
Siege of Diu (1546)
20°N 71°E﻿ / ﻿20°N 71°E﻿ / 20; 71

The 1546 siege of Diu, also known as the second siege of Diu was conducted by joint forces of the Ottoman Empire and Gujarat Sultanate against the Portuguese Indian city of Diu. It ended with a major Portuguese victory.

Diu, India
Diu (English: /'diːuː/,  Hindi: [d̪iːʋ]), also known as Diu Town, is a medieval fortified town in Diu district in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. Diu district is the tenth least populated district of India. The town of Diu lies at the eastern end of Diu Island and is known for its fortress and old Portuguese cathedral. It is a fishing town.

The city is one of the hundred Indian cities competing in a national-level competition to get funds under Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission. Diu will be competing for one of the last 10 spots against 20 cities from across India. In April 2018, it was reported that the Diu Smart City has already become India's first city to run on 100 percent renewable energy during the daytime.
Buzzy Kerbox
Burton "Buzzy" Kerbox (born 1956) is an American surfer, photographer and model. He is best known for co-developing tow-in surfing with Laird Hamilton, Dave Kalama, and a handful of other surfers in the mid-1990s.

Laird Hamilton
Laird John Hamilton (né Zerfas; born March 2, 1964) is an American big-wave surfer, co-inventor of tow-in surfing, and an occasional fashion and action-sports model and actor.  He is married to Gabrielle Reece, a former professional volleyball player, television personality, and model.
VIII Corps Troops, Royal Engineers
VIII Corps Troops, Royal Engineers (VIII CTRE) was a battalion-sized unit of Royal Engineers (RE) attached to the British Army's VIII Corps Headquarters in World War II. It served with 21st Army Group during the campaign in North West Europe 1944–45. It built the first British bridges across the Rhine and the Elbe after the assault crossings in March and April 1945 and continued in British Army of the Rhine after the end of the war.

1st Devonshire Engineers
The 1st Devonshire Engineer Volunteer Corps, later the Devonshire Fortress Royal Engineers, was a volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Engineers whose history dated back to 1862. The unit helped to defend the vital naval base of Plymouth, and supplied detachments for service in the field in both World Wars. During the North African campaign in the Second World War, the unit's sappers distinguished themselves in bridging the Nile and clearing minefields during and after the Second Battle of El Alamein. Their successors served on the postwar Territorial Army until 1969.
Sword Song (Cornwell novel)
Sword Song is the fourth historical novel in The Saxon Stories by Bernard Cornwell, published in 2007. Uhtred leads battles against the Danes, as King Alfred strengthens the defences of his kingdom of Wessex.

This novel was used as the basis for the second half of the second series of the BBC's The Last Kingdom.

The Last Kingdom (TV series)
The Last Kingdom is a British historical drama television series created and developed for television by Stephen Butchard, based on The Saxon Stories series of novels by Bernard Cornwell. The series premiered on 10 October 2015 on BBC Two. After co-producing the second series, Netflix acquired the series in 2018. The series concluded on 9 March 2022 after five series for a total of 46 episodes. A feature-length sequel that concluded the series story, titled Seven Kings Must Die, premiered on 14 April 2023 on Netflix.
Kulgam district
Kulgam district is an administrative district of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is in the Kashmir division and is located at a distance of 18 kilometres (11 mi) towards south-west of Anantnag. The district comprises block, tehsil and town of Kulgam.

Nund Rishi
Nund Rishi (Kashmiri pronunciation: [nundɨ rʲoʃ] c. 1377 – c. 1438; born Noor-ud-Din) was a Kashmiri Sufi saint, mystic, poet and Islamic preacher. Nund Rishi was among the founders of the Rishi order, a Sufi tradition of the region, and is also known by the titles Sheikh-Ul-Alam (lit. 'spiritual guide of the world') and Alamdar-e-Kashmir (lit. 'flag bearer of Kashmir') by Muslims, and referred to as Nund Lal and Sahajananda by Hindus. He influenced many spiritual teachers and saints, including Hamza Makhdoom, Resh Mir Sàeb, and Shamas Faqir.
Ferdinand Lundberg
Ferdinand Lundberg (April 30, 1902 – March 1, 1995) was an American journalist and historian known for his frequent and potent criticism of American financial and political institutions. His work has been credited as an influence on Robert Caro, Ralph Nader and others.

America's 60 Families
America's 60 Families is a book by American journalist Ferdinand Lundberg published in 1937 by Vanguard Press. It is an argumentative analysis of wealth and class in the United States, and how they are leveraged for purposes of political and economic power, specifically by what the author contends is a "plutocratic circle" composed of a tightly interlinked group of 60 families.

The controversial study has met with mixed reactions since its publication. Though praised by some contemporary and modern reviewers, and once cited in a speech by Harold L. Ickes, it has also been criticized by others and was the subject of a 1938 libel suit by DuPont over factual inaccuracies contained in the text. In 1968 Lundberg published The Rich and the Super-Rich, described by some sources as a sequel to America's 60 Families.
Florida Theatre
30°19′35″N 81°39′20″W﻿ / ﻿30.32628°N 81.65563°W﻿ / 30.32628; -81.65563

The Florida Theatre is a historic performing arts venue in downtown Jacksonville. Opened in April 1927, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on November 4, 1982. On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter placed the building  on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.

The theatre is one of only five remaining high-style  palaces built in Florida during the Mediterranean Revival architectural boom of the 1920s (the other four being the Olympia Theater (Miami), the Saenger Theatre in Pensacola, the Polk Theatre in Lakeland, and the Tampa Theatre in Tampa).

Olympia Theater (Miami)
The Olympia Theater is a theater located in Miami, Florida. Designed by John Eberson in his famed atmospheric style, the theater opened in 1926. Throughout its history, the venue has served as a movie theater, concert venue and performing arts center. In 1984, it received historical designation by the NRHP. The Olympia Theatre, the Florida Theatre, and the Tampa Theatre are the only remaining atmospheric theatres in Florida.
Sde David
Sde David (Hebrew: שְׂדֵה דָּוִד, lit. David's Field) is a moshav in southern Israel. Located in Hevel Lakhish, it falls under the jurisdiction of Lakhish Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 649.

Lakhish Regional Council
Lakhish Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית לכיש, Mo'atza Azorit Lakhish) is a regional council in the Southern District of Israel. It surrounds the ancient city of Lakhish and the modern city of Kiryat Gat. It was founded in 1955. Today it includes 15 moshavim and one village, as listed below.  As of 2008, three new communities are being built in eastern Lakhish, and some old communities are being expanded. Rabbis Shabtai Ben Hayyim and Ya'akov Alkabetz serve as rabbis of the council.
Karl II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels
Charles II of Münsterberg-Oels (also: Charles II of Poděbrady; Czech: Karel II. z Minsterberka; 15 April 1545 – 28 January 1617) was Duke of Oels from 1565 to 1617 and Duke of Bernstadt from 1604 to 1617. He also held the titles of Duke of Münsterberg and Count of Glatz. From 1608 to 1617 he was Governor of Silesia under the emperors Rudolf and Matthias.

George Rudolf of Liegnitz
George Rudolf of Liegnitz  (German: Georg Rudolf von Liegnitz; Polish: Jerzy Rudolf Legnicki) (22 January 1595 – 14 January 1653) was duke of Liegnitz-Wohlau (present-day Legnica-Wołów) from 1602 to 1653. A humanist, patron of arts, composer and poet, he was also Upper Governor of Silesia during 1621-1628 and from 1641 onwards.
Lougba
Lougba is a town and arrondissement in the Collines department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Bantè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 6,006.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Leptorhabdos
Leptorhabdos is a monotypic genus of flowering plants, initially classified in Scrophulariaceae, and now within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a single species, Leptorhabdos parviflora.

It thrives in steppes, rivers, and lake banks, from Caucasus and Iran to Central Asia and Himalayas.

Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Striga) were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato. With its new circumscription, Orobanchaceae forms a distinct, monophyletic family. From a phylogenetic perspective, it is defined as the largest crown clade containing Orobanche major and relatives, but neither Paulownia tomentosa nor Phryma leptostachya nor Mazus japonicus.

The Orobanchaceae are annual herbs or perennial herbs or shrubs, and most (all except Lindenbergia, Rehmannia and Triaenophora) are parasitic on the roots of other plants—either holoparasitic or hemiparasitic (fully or partly parasitic). The holoparasitic species lack chlorophyll and therefore cannot perform photosynthesis.
Fotis Takianos
Fotios "Fotis" Takianos (Greek: Φώτης Τακιανός; born April 14, 1969) is a Greek former professional basketball player and current basketball coach for Golden Eagle Ylli of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague.

FIBA Korać Cup
The FIBA Korać Cup was an annual basketball club competition held by FIBA Europe between the 1971–72 and 2001–02 seasons. It was the third-tier level club competition in European basketball, after the FIBA European Champions Cup (later renamed the EuroLeague) and the FIBA Cup Winners Cup (later renamed the FIBA Saporta Cup). The last Korać Cup season was held during the 2001–02 season.
Tiébissou Department
Tiébissou Department is a department of Bélier Region in Lacs District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 116,321 and its seat is the settlement of Tiébissou. The sub-prefectures of the department are Lomokankro, Molonou, Tiébissou, and Yakpabo-Sakassou.

Tiébissou
is a town in central Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Tiébissou Department in Bélier Region, Lacs District. Tiébissou is also a commune.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Tiébissou was 65,251.
Center, Indiana
Center (originally called Tampico) is an unincorporated community in Taylor Township, Howard County, Indiana, United States.  Center is a suburb of Kokomo and is a part of the Kokomo, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Howard County, Indiana
Howard County is one of 92 counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,658. The county seat is Kokomo. Originally named Richardville County, it was renamed in 1846 to commemorate General Tilghman Ashurst Howard.

Howard County comprises the Kokomo, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9th Annual Latin Grammy Awards
The 9th Annual Latin Grammy Awards took place on Thursday, November 13, 2008, at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas and were aired on Univision. The Brazilian Field awards were presented on the same day at the Ibirapuera Auditorium in São Paulo. The Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year was Gloria Estefan. Juanes was the night's big winner, winning 5 awards including Album of the Year. He now has 17 Latin Grammy awards which is more than any other recording artist. The show was watched by an average of 5.8 millions.

Sino (Café Tacuba album)
Sino is the Latin Grammy winning sixth studio album by Mexican band Café Tacuba, released on October 9, 2007 in Mexico, Latin America and the United States. The band has once again worked with award-winning Argentine music producer Gustavo Santaolalla.

Four singles spawned off the album- "Volver a Comenzar", "Esta Vez", "Vámonos", and "Quiero Ver".

The full album leaked onto the internet on October 6, 2007.

On September 10, 2008, Café Tacvba became the leading nominee at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 with a total of six nominations: Album of the Year and Alternative Music Album, for Sino. The lead single "Volver a Comenzar" was shortlisted for Record of the Year and Best Alternative Song. The second single "Esta Vez" received nominations for Best Rock Song and Song of the Year.  The band took the record for most Latin Grammys won in one night.

"Volver a Comenzar" is featured prominently in the video game LittleBigPlanet, as well as in the Netflix fantasy film Chupa.