hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Italy at the Olympics
Italy has sent athletes to most of the modern Olympic Games held since 1896, outside of not having officially participated (as a national delegation) in the 1904 Summer Olympics. The Italian National Olympic Committee was created in 1914 and recognised in 1915. As of 2024, Italy is the most successful nation at fencing in Olympic history.

Italy has taken part in all the Winter Olympic Games, winning 171 medals, and has won 618 medals at the Summer Olympic Games.

Italy's total of 281 gold medals makes it the seventh most successful country in Olympic history, after the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Germany, Great Britain, and France. Italy has also the sixth highest medal total of all time with 829. Italy has the third longest medaling streak after Sweden and Finland. It has medaled in 40 straight Olympic Games, starting with the 1936 Summer Olympics.

Italy has hosted a Summer Olympics edition (in 1960) and three Winter Olympics (in 1956, 2006 and 2026).

Italian National Olympic Committee
The Italian National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano, CONI; IOC Code: ITA), founded in 1914 and a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), is responsible for the development and management of sports activity in Italy. Within Italy, CONI recognizes 48 national sports federations, 15 associate sports disciplines, 14 promotional sports organizations, and 19 organizations for the betterment of sports.

In total 95,000 sports clubs with 11,000,000 members are recognized. Its 2016 annual budget is 412,900,000 euros which is primarily funded by the Italian government.
Spencer Compton, 8th Earl of Northampton
Spencer Compton, 8th Earl of Northampton (16 August 1738 – 7 April 1796) was a British peer and Member of Parliament.

Northampton was the younger son of the Hon. Charles Compton, third son of George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton and Mary Lucy. He was educated at Westminster School from 1746.

He was elected to the House of Commons for Northampton in 1761, a seat he held until 1763 when he succeeded his elder brother in the earldom and entered the House of Lords. He also served as a Groom of the Bedchamber to George III (1760–63), as Recorder of Northampton from 1763 to his death, and as Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire from 1771 to death.

Lord Northampton married Jane, daughter of Henry Lawton, in 1758. He died in April 1796, aged 57, and was succeeded in his titles by his son Charles, who was created Marquess of Northampton in 1812.

Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire
Below is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire. Since 1735, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Northamptonshire. The lieutenancy included the Soke of Peterborough until 1965, when the Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdonshire became Lord Lieutenant of Huntingdon and Peterborough. This merged with the lieutenancy of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974, forming the jurisdiction of the present  Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.
Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Грозный, IPA: [ˈgroznɨj]; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГӀала, romanized: Sölƶa-Ġala) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 census, but still less than the 399,688 recorded in the 1989 census. It was previously known as Groznaya (until 1870).

Chechen State University
Chechen State University (Chechen: Нохчийн пачхьалкхан университет, romanized: Noxçiyn paçẋalqan universitet; Russian: Чеченский государственный университет) is a university located in Grozny, Chechnya, Russia. The school is home to the North Caucasian Centre of Pedagogics. The university traces its roots back to 1938.
Livingston Campus (Rutgers University)
Livingston Campus, originally named Kilmer Area by Rutgers University in 1965, and later known as Kilmer Campus, is one of the five sub-campuses of Rutgers University–New Brunswick. The campus was originally built to house Livingston College. The majority of its land is the Rutgers Ecological Preserve. Most of the campus is within the boundaries of Piscataway, but parts extend into Highland Park and Edison.

Rutgers Ecological Preserve
The Rutgers University Ecological Preserve (RUEP), previously known as Kilmer Woods, is a nature teaching area owned by Rutgers University. This 370 acres (1.5 km2) tract of land is part of the Livingston Campus of Rutgers and is located within the towns of Piscataway, Edison, and Highland Park in Middlesex County, New Jersey. It contains a wide variety of plant life and supports a range of wood dwelling creatures. It provides fresh water to the Raritan River, hosts wildlife (turkeys, woodpeckers, salamanders, foxes, etc.), and provides recreational value for hikers and bikers.
Vennesla
Vennesla is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vennesla. Other villages in Vennesla include Grovane, Hægeland, Homstean, Mushom, Øvre Eikeland, Øvrebø, Røyknes, and Skarpengland. Vennesla lies about 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of the city of Kristiansand in the Otra river valley.

The 384-square-kilometre (148 sq mi) municipality is the 242nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Vennesla is the 79th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,294. The municipality's population density is 42.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (109/sq mi) and its population has increased by 11.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Homstean
Homstean or Slettebrotane is a village in Vennesla municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Norwegian National Road 9, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village of Skarpengland, just about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of the border with Kristiansand municipality. The 0.35-square-kilometre (86-acre) village has a population (2016) of 345 which gives the village a population density of 986 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,550/sq mi).

The small farming village of Mushom lies about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the west. That area has had some notable archaeological finds over the year including a very old ski that is now in a museum in Oslo.
Absorbing set (random dynamical systems)
In the mathematical theory of random dynamical systems, an absorbing set is a subset of the phase space that exhibits a capturing property. It acts like a gravitational center, with the property that all trajectories of the system eventually enter and remain within that set.

Absorbing sets ultimately contain the transformed images of any initially bounded set as the system evolves over time. As with many concepts related to random dynamical systems, it is defined in the pullback sense, which means they are understood through their long-term behavior.

Absorbing sets are a key concept in the study of the long-term behavior of dynamical systems, particularly in the context of dissipative systems, as they provide a bound on the possible future states of the system.  The existence and properties of absorbing sets are fundamental to establishing the existence of global attractors and understanding the asymptotic behavior of solutions.

Pullback attractor
In mathematics, the attractor of a random dynamical system may be loosely thought of as a set to which the system evolves after a long enough time. The basic idea is the same as for a deterministic dynamical system, but requires careful treatment because random dynamical systems are necessarily non-autonomous. This requires one to consider the notion of a pullback attractor or attractor in the pullback sense.
Faculty of Physiotherapy of Pontevedra
The Faculty of Physiotherapy of Pontevedra is a university faculty founded in 1998 in the Spanish city of Pontevedra, based on the campus of A Xunqueira, in the north of the city.

The faculty belongs to the Pontevedra Campus, integrated in the Galician University System and dependent on the University of Vigo. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Physiotherapy and Health Sciences.

University of Vigo
The University of Vigo (Galician: Universidade de Vigo) is a public university located in the city of Vigo in the Province of Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain. There are three campuses:

Campus of Vigo in Lagoas-Marcosende, 15 kilometres away from the city centre. Also known as CUVI (Ciudad universitaria de Vigo, University city of Vigo);

Campus of Pontevedra in A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, and in the city centre;

Campus of Ourense in As Lagoas, Ourense.

Considered the most technical of the universities of Galicia, it offers engineering degrees in Aerospace Engineering, Mining, Telecommunications, Forestry Engineering, Computer Science and Industrial Engineering.
Otwock
Otwock ([ˈɔtfɔt͡sk] ⓘ; Yiddish: אָטוואָצק) is a city in the Masovian Voivodeship in east-central Poland, some 23 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw, with 43,895 inhabitants (2024). Otwock is part of the Warsaw metropolitan area. It is situated on the right bank of the Vistula River, below the mouth of the Świder River. Otwock is home to a unique architectural style called Świdermajer.

It is the capital of Otwock County. The town covers an area of 47 square kilometres (18 sq mi). Forested areas make up 23% of the territory, and there are several nature reserves.

Otwock County
Otwock County (Polish: powiat otwocki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Otwock, which lies 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The county also contains the towns of Józefów, lying 3 km (2 mi) north-west of Otwock, and Karczew, 4 km (2 mi) south of Otwock.

The county covers an area of 615.09 square kilometres (237.5 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 124,241, out of which the population of Otwock is 44,827, that of Józefów is 20,698, that of Karczew is 9,856, and the rural population is 48,860.
Haverfordwest railway station
Haverfordwest railway station serves the town of Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is 63 miles (101 km) west of Swansea on the Milford Haven branch of the West Wales line.

Whilst the station has two platforms (as the site of the only passing loop on this section), most trains use platform one as it is adjacent to the entrance and ticket office. The line through the station was double track until 1988 and the station had its own signal box, but this closed when the branch from Clarbeston Road was singled and re-signalled in September of that year; the entire route is now worked under track circuit block regulations from the box at the latter station.

Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.
La X
La X is a Colombian music radio brand for three stations operated and owned by Todelar.

The station in Bogotá airs an English-language adult contemporary format and the Cali station airs an English-language contemporary hit radio format, while the Medellín station airs an electronica format.

Todelar
Todelar is a system of radio stations that covers all of Colombia, founded in 1953 by Bernardo Tobón de la Roche. Its flagship station is La Voz de Bogotá since 2017. Radio Continental, also in Bogotá, had this role until 2016, having joined Todelar  (an acronym of the last names of its founder) in 1957.

As of 2015, the flagship morning news programme, Artunduaga por la mañana, was directed by journalist Édgar Artunduaga. The programme was cancelled December 2016, a few weeks before Radio Continental was sold to Cadena Radial Vida, a network owned by an evangelical group whose leader is Eduardo Cañas.
Fortunago
Fortunago is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 91 km south of Milan and about 42 km south of Pavia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 407 and an area of 18.0 km2.

Fortunago borders the following municipalities: Borgo Priolo, Borgoratto Mormorolo, Montesegale, Ruino, Val di Nizza. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Fortunago was also the location for the film Human Capital by Italian filmmaker Paolo Virzì. Some of the scenes of the film were shot at the Villa "La Dominante", placed in Montebelletto, in the nearby of the village.

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Streblitinae
Streblitinae is a subfamily of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ammonites within the family Oppeliidae characterized by compressed, involute shells; typically oxycones with complex sutures. Includes Streblites,  Pseudoppelia, and  Substreblites. Derivation is from the Taramelliceratinae.  May have given rise to the Aconiceratinade.

Oppeliidae
Oppeliidae are compressed to oxyconic, sculptured Haploceratoidea, either unkeeled, unicarinate, bicarinate, or tricarinate; with sutures in great variety, but ribbing usually more or less falcoid or falcate. The Oppeliidae is the principal family of the Haploceratoidea, with the longest duration, extending from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) to the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Their derivation is from the Hildoceratoidea.
Caluso
Caluso is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Turin.

Caluso borders the following municipalities: San Giorgio Canavese, Candia Canavese, Barone Canavese, Mazzè, Foglizzo, Montanaro, and Chivasso.

The peculiar geographical position and the particular climate of the area favor the production of white wines, most notably the "Erbaluce di Caluso" and the "Caluso Passito". The town is the seat of the Regional Wine Cellar of the Province of Turin and of the State Professional Institute for Agriculture and the Environment "Carlo Ubertini".

Montanaro
Montanaro is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 km northeast of Turin.

Montanaro borders on the following municipalities: Caluso, Foglizzo, San Benigno Canavese, and Chivasso.

Main sights include Montanaro Castle.
USC Trojans women's volleyball
The USC Trojans women's volleyball team is coached by Brad Keller, who was named to the position on February 20, 2020.

Under the last coach, Mick Haley, USC became the first repeat NCAA Volleyball National Champion to go undefeated, as they finished off 2003 with a record of 35–0 while becoming the first school in NCAA history to stay at number one in the coaches poll every week.

Joanna Kaczor
Joanna Kaczor  (born 16 September 1984) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland women's national volleyball team and Polish club Impel Wrocław, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of European Championship 2009), Polish Champion (2009, 2011).
Nanmengcun
Nanmengcun (Chinese: 南孟村) is a village in Zhangqiu District, Shandong, China. It is located on Highway S321, approximately 3 km east of Gaoguanzhai Town, 15 km (14 mi) northeast of Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport. The population of Nanmengcun is 985.

Zhangqiu, Jinan
Zhangqiu (simplified Chinese: 章丘; traditional Chinese: 章邱; pinyin: Zhāngqiū) is one of 10 urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, East China. The district has an area of 1721.29 square kilometers, 20 towns, 908 villages and the permanent resident population was 1,075,784 as of 2020 even though its built-up (or metro) area is much smaller.
University of Applied Sciences Offenburg
The University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, with its head office in Offenburg and a branch in Gengenbach, is a German university owned by the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is one of the most important educational institutions in the southern Upper Rhine area. Currently, about 4,090 students are enrolled.

Offenburg
Offenburg (German pronunciation: [ˈɔfn̩ˌbʊʁk] ⓘ; "open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Low Alemmanic: Offäburg) is a city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in south-western Germany. With nearly 60,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the largest city and the administrative capital of the Ortenaukreis.
National Film
National Film or National-Film was a German film production and distribution company which operated during the silent and early sound era. In the early 1920s it made an attempt to take over Erich Pommer's Decla-Bioscop, but the projected merger failed and Decla instead joined with the major studio UFA. While Decla was generally in favour of joining with National, it was pressured by its creditors Deutsche Bank to merge with UFA.

National established a link with the Hollywood studio Warner Brothers, distributing the American company's films in the German market. The company continued to operate during the decade, but the arrival of sound film in 1929 strained its resources due to the increased costs of making films with sound. By this stage the German film industry had become increasingly dominated by the four biggest companies UFA, Terra Film, Tobis Film and Bavaria Film. Many medium-sized studios were either driven out of business or amalgamated.

Decla Film
Decla-Film (later Decla-Bioscop after 1920) was a German film production and distribution company of the silent era, founded by Erich Pommer and Fritz Holz in February 1915.

It was formed out of the assets of the German branch of the French film production company Éclair, Deutsche Éclair, which had been confiscated by the German government at the start of World War One. Pommer had previously been director of the Austrian branch of Éclair in Vienna. The firm merged with Deutsche Bioskop AG in Spring 1920, and with Ufa in October 1921.

Decla and Decla-Bioscop produced some of the most well-known films of the Weimar era, including Homunculus, Die Pest in Florenz, The Spiders, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Destiny, Phantom  and Die Nibelungen.
Hygiene program
Hygiene programs provide basic hygiene facilities to people experiencing homelessness. Some are stand-alone hygiene centers while others are at locations that also provide additional kinds of services. They are a response to addressing homelessness, alongside things like basic homeless shelters that just provide a bed and toilet for the night, or soup kitchens which often do not have places for patrons to wash their hands.

They may have a toilet, wash basin, and a shower, and many have other amenities, such as a mirror to assist with shaving and applying cosmetics, a diaper-changing station, electric outlets for appliances such as irons, private dressing stalls, laundry facilities, or hygiene supplies such as soap, toothpaste, tampons, pads, or condoms.

Such facilities also offer people experiencing homelessness an alternative to using restrooms in libraries and other public buildings.

Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the body's cleanliness. Hygiene activities can be grouped into the following: home and everyday hygiene, personal hygiene, medical hygiene, sleep hygiene, and food hygiene. Home and every day hygiene includes hand washing, respiratory hygiene, food hygiene at home, hygiene in the kitchen, hygiene in the bathroom, laundry hygiene, and medical hygiene at home.

While often equated with cleanliness in common usage, hygiene is a term encompassing the personal practices and environmental conditions that maintain health and prevent disease.
AS Monaco Basket
AS Monaco Basket, commonly referred to as AS Monaco or simply Monaco, is a French-registered Monaco-based professional basketball club. They are a part of the Monaco-based multi-sports club of A.S. Monaco, which was founded in 1924.

The club's basketball section was founded four years later in 1928, and it currently competes in the French top-tier level LNB Pro A and the EuroLeague. Monaco plays their home games at Salle Gaston Médecin.

Monaco was the runner-up of the EuroLeague in 2025, and has won the EuroCup title in 2021, one French Cup in 2023, and three Leaders Cups.

2017 Pro A Leaders Cup
The 2017 LNB Pro A Leaders Cup season was the 21st edition of this tournament, the fifth since it was renamed as Leaders Cup. The event included the eight top teams from the first half of the 2016–17 Pro A regular season and was played in Disneyland Paris. AS Monaco Basket won their second consecutive title after beating ASVEL in the Final.
Siamese revolution of 1932
The Siamese revolution of 1932 or Siamese coup d'état of 1932 (Thai: การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 or การเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองสยาม พ.ศ. 2475) was a coup d'état by the People's Party (Khana Ratsadon) which occurred in Siam on 24 June 1932. It ended Siam's centuries-long absolute monarchy rule under the Chakri dynasty and resulted in a bloodless transition of Siam into a constitutional monarchy, the introduction of democracy and the first constitution, and the creation of the National Assembly. Dissatisfaction caused by economic crisis and incompetent government, as well as the rise of Western-educated non-royals to positions of influence, fueled the revolution.

King Prajadhipok remained on the throne and compromised with Khana Ratsadon. Two coups occurred a year later, in April and June, amid infighting within the government over Pridi Banomyong's socialist economic plan and a rebellion of royalists.

Paribatra Sukhumbandhu
Marshal-Admiral Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, Prince of Nakhon Sawan (RTGS: Boriphat Sukhumphan; Thai: สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ เจ้าฟ้าบริพัตรสุขุมพันธุ์ กรมพระนครสวรรค์วรพินิต) (29 June 1881 – 18 January 1944), was a highly influential Thai military officer and government minister in the early 20th century during the last years of the absolute monarchy. He served as Chief of Staff of the Royal Thai Army, Commander of the Royal Thai Navy, Naval Minister, Army Minister, Defense Minister, Interior Minister, and as a Privy Counsellor to both King Vajiravudh and King Prajadhipok.