hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Michel Balinski
Michel Louis Balinski (born Michał Ludwik Baliński; October 6, 1933 – February 4, 2019) was an American and French applied mathematician, economist, operations research analyst and political scientist. Educated in the United States, from 1980 he lived and worked in France. He was known for his work in optimisation (combinatorial, linear, nonlinear), convex polyhedra, stable matching, and the theory and practice of electoral systems, jury decision, and social choice. He was Directeur de Recherche de classe exceptionnelle (emeritus) of the C.N.R.S. at the École Polytechnique (Paris). He was awarded the John von Neumann Theory Prize by INFORMS in 2013.

Michel Louis Balinski died in Bayonne, France. He maintained an active involvement in research and public appearances, his last public engagement took place in January 2019.

Frederick W. Lanchester Prize
The Frederick W. Lanchester Prize is an Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences prize (U.S. $5,000 cash prize and medallion) given for the best contribution to operations research and the management sciences published in English.  It is named after Frederick W. Lanchester.
Kae Araki
Kae Araki (荒木 香衣(old stage name,荒木 香恵), Araki Kae; born November 6, 1963) is a Japanese voice actress from Osaka, Japan. After standing in for Kotono Mitsuishi, the voice of Usagi Tsukino in the series Sailor Moon, when she was undergoing surgery for an ovarian cyst, Araki was given the role of Chibiusa in the same series. While training at a voice acting school, Araki acted as senpai to fellow voice actress Konami Yoshida, and they have since maintained a close relationship.

Guardian Hearts
Guardian Hearts (がぁーでぃあんHearts) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Sae Amatsu, published from 2001 to 2005 in Monthly Shōnen Ace.

An OVA series was released in 2003, with three sets of episodes. Two years later, a new OVA series was released, named "Guardian Hearts - Power Up".
Woodburn Shire
Woodburn Shire was a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

Woodburn Shire was proclaimed on 7 March 1906, one of 134 shires created after the passing of the Local Government (Shires) Act 1905. It absorbed the Municipality of Coraki on 1 January 1934.

The shire offices were in Coraki. Other towns and villages in the shire included Broadwater, Evans Head and Woodburn.

In 1961 the population of Woodbury Shire was 4002.

Woodburn Shire was abolished and amalgamated with part of Tomki Shire to form Richmond River Shire on 1 January 1976.

Richmond River Shire
Richmond River Shire was a local government area in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia.

It was established on 1 January 1976 after the amalgamation of Tomki Shire and Woodburn Shire.

Richmond River Shire amalgamated with the Municipality of Casino to establish the Richmond Valley Council on 21 February 2000.
Kokand tenga
The tenga was the currency of Kokand until 1876. Silver tenga circulated with copper pul and gold tilla. There was no fixed relationship between the three denominations. The Russian ruble replaced the Pul, Tenga and Tilla.

Pūl (coin)
Pūl (Russian: пул, Tatar: پول) was a historical currency that circulated in Russian Turkestan.  Pūls were used in Golden Horde, Afghanistan, Bukhara, Chagatai Khanate, Kokand Khanate, Dzungar Khanate, and other Eurasian principalities, it was a copper coin of very small denomination, 1⁄60 of an altyn.
Alberta (Provisional District)
The Alberta riding was a federal electoral district in the North-West Territories, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1887 to 1908.

The Alberta Provisional District, created in 1882, was first used as a federal riding when the North-West Territories gained representation in the House of Commons. Thus the Alberta riding had the same boundaries as the District of Alberta, a subdivision of the North-West Territories. In 1904, Edmonton, Calgary and Strathcona got their own MPs, and the Alberta riding continued under the same name but only covering the southern part of Alberta district outside Calgary, with the north boundary being the north edge of the seventeenth township (now designated Township Road 180).

In 1907, the Alberta riding was redistributed into Macleod and Medicine Hat ridings.

Macleod (federal electoral district)
Macleod was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1968 and from 1988 to 2015. It was a mostly rural riding in southwest Alberta, however it extended as far north as the outer suburbs of Calgary, and in its final years included a few slivers of Calgary itself. It covered the Municipal District of Foothills No. 31, Municipal District of Willow Creek No. 26, Municipal District of Pincher Creek No. 9, Municipal District of Ranchland No. 66, Vulcan County, the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, and Kananaskis Improvement District. It also included the towns of Okotoks, Cochrane, and High River.
Eric Gyllenstierna
Baron Eric Gyllenstierna af Lundholm (27 March 1882 – 26 June 1940) was a Swedish diplomat. Gyllenstierna began his career in the Swedish judiciary, serving in various district courts from 1910 to 1912 before moving into government service. He worked at the Ministry for Civil Service Affairs, the Parliamentary Ombudsman's office, and on committees addressing agricultural policy and national defence propaganda. In 1917–1918, he held senior roles in the Ministries for Naval and Foreign Affairs.

His diplomatic career started in 1919, with postings as first legation secretary in Helsinki and Paris, later becoming legation counsellor in Paris, London, and at the Swedish Foreign Ministry's Commercial Policy Department. From 1930, he served as Sweden's envoy to multiple capitals: Moscow (1930–1937), Tehran (1930–1936), and Baghdad (1934–1936). In 1938, he became envoy to Ankara and Athens, retiring from active service in 1939.

Krapperup Castle
Krapperup Castle (Swedish: Krapperups slott) is an estate at Höganäs Municipality in Scania, Sweden. The foundation Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsen has been the owner of Krapperup with its land areas and other properties since 1967.
Ptychopetalum
Ptychopetalum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Olacaceae, native to the Amazon rainforest. Indigenous name for the genus include marapuama, muirapuama and mirantã, translating roughly to 'potency wood'.  The species are shrubs or small trees growing to about 14 feet (4.3 m) in height. Its leaves are short-petioled, up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) in length and 2 inches (5.1 cm) in breadth light green on upper surface, dark brown on lower surface. The inflorescences consist of short axillary racemes of four to six flowers each. The root is strongly tough and fibrous, internally light brown with thin bark and broad wood, has a faint odor, and tastes slightly saline and acrid.

Olacaceae
Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. As of July 2021, the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it into seven segregate families.
Cross-fostering
Cross-fostering is a technique used in animal husbandry, animal science, genetic and nature versus nurture studies, and conservation, whereby offspring are removed from their biological parents at birth and raised by surrogates, typically of a different species, hence 'cross.' This can also occasionally occur in nature.

Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong) are the sounds produced by birds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
Cornish nationalism
Cornish nationalism is a cultural, political and social movement that seeks the recognition of Cornwall – the south-westernmost part of the island of Great Britain – as a nation distinct from England.

Cornish nationalism is usually based on three general arguments:

that Cornwall has a Celtic cultural identity separate from that of England, and that the Cornish people have a national, civic or ethnic identity separate from that of English people;

that Cornwall should be granted a degree of devolution or autonomy, usually in the form of a Cornish national assembly;

and that Cornwall is legally a territorial and constitutional Duchy with the right to veto Westminster legislation, not merely a county of England, and has never been formally incorporated into England via an Act of Union.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
Angry Birds Stella
Angry Birds Stella, listed as Angry Birds Slingshot Stella, was a 2014 puzzle video game and the second spin-off from the Angry Birds series, developed by Rovio Entertainment. Announced on February 13, 2014, Rovio stated that the game would be accompanied by a toy line from Telepods, and a television series. The game was released on September 4, 2014 and was discontinued on September 8, 2015.

This game is primarily based on an Angry Birds character who was first introduced in the Angry Birds Seasons level set "Back to School", which was released in August 2012. It begins with Stella leaving the rest of the Angry Birds flock and setting off to Golden Island to visit four other friends for vacation. However, Gale and an army of pigs steal Stella's map of Golden Island and her photo album, which leads Stella and her friends to embark on a journey to stop Gale from stealing the golden items on the island and retrieve the pictures in the photo album.

Angry Birds Stella (TV series)
Angry Birds Stella is a Finnish animated adventure television series based on the mobile game Angry Birds: Slingshot Stella produced by Rovio Entertainment. The first episode, "A Fork in the Friendship", aired on Toons.TV on November 1, 2014. The series ended on March 11, 2016.
Avon Futures Circuit
The Avon Futures Circuit  was a women's professional tennis tour administered by the Women's Tennis Association that was founded in 1976 as the Pro Futures Circuit, and was mainly operated in Canada and the United States. It was initially a subsidiary tour of the Virginia Slims Circuit. In 1979 it became a subsidiary tour of the Avon Championships Circuit. The tour ran alongside the main circuits as a qualifying competition for those tours, and provided a bridge on a promotion or relegation basis. There were between nine and eleven events in any particular season that culminated in an end of season finale called the Avon Futures Championships. The circuit ended in 1982 and was replaced by a smaller Ginny Circuit in 1983.

Avon Futures Championships
The Avon Futures Championships   was a Women's Tennis Association/USTA affiliated tournament founded in 1976 as the Futures Championship. They were the seasonal finales of the Avon Futures Circuit that were held in Hilton Head, South Carolina from 1976 to 1977, then Atlanta, Georgia from 1978 to 1979, then  Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 1980 to 1981, then Austin, Texas in 1982 when they were discontinued.
SpinLaunch
SpinLaunch is a spaceflight technology development company working on mass accelerator technology to move payloads to space. As of September 2022, the company has raised US$150 million in funding, with investors including Kleiner Perkins, Google Ventures, Airbus Ventures, ATW Partners, Catapult Ventures, Lauder Partners, John Doerr, and the Byers Family.

Centrifugal gun
A centrifugal gun is a type of rapid-fire projectile accelerator, like a machine gun but operating on a different principle. Centrifugal guns use a rapidly rotating disc to impart energy to the projectiles, gaining kinetic energy from steam, electricity or other engine source rather than gunpowder. The centrifugal gun was one of a number or different ideas proposed to address the problems of smoke, over-heating, and premature detonation, that were eventually solved by smokeless powder, improved metallurgy, and shock-and-heat stable explosives.
Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference
The Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference (NACC), formerly the Northern Athletics Conference (NAC), is an intercollegiate athletic conference.  It participates in the NCAA's Division III and began its first season in the fall of 2006.

The NACC sponsors 21 sports. Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis, indoor track & field, outdoor track & field, and volleyball. Women's squads are fielded in basketball, cross country, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, indoor track & field, outdoor track & field and volleyball. The newest NACC sports are men's volleyball, added in the 2017–18 school year, and men's and women's lacrosse, added in the 2020-21 school year.

The NACC became eligible for automatic NCAA postseason berths in 2008–09.

Rockford University
Rockford University is a private university in Rockford, Illinois, United States.  It was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary and changed its name to Rockford College in 1892, and to Rockford University in 2013.
South Xizang Road station
South Xizang Road (Chinese: 西藏南路; pinyin: Xīzàng Nán Lù) is the name of an interchange station between Line 4 and Line 8 of the Shanghai Metro. It began operation on both lines on 29 December 2007. On 22 October 2010 the station handled about 100,000 entries and exits. It is the first station in Huangpu District when travelling northbound on Line 8.

Line 4 (Shanghai Metro)
Line 4 is a loop line of the Shanghai Metro network. The older rolling stock 04A01 carry a bright purple colour belt to differentiate them from Line 3 trains which share a portion of its route, while the newer 04A02 stock features a yellow and purple livery, which the exact line is labelled using sticker or screens saying "Line 3" or "Line 4". To determine the direction of travel, the line that travels counter-clockwise is called the Outer Loop (外环), while the other line is known as the Inner Loop (内环). Although it is a loop line, trains returning to the depot use Yishan Road as a terminal to let all passengers disembark. The first segment of the line between Damuqiao Road and Lancun Road (running in a "C"-shape) opened on December 31, 2005. The remainder of the line opened on December 29, 2007. The line is colored purple on system maps.
Ivica Ančić
Ivica Ančić (Croatian pronunciation: [îʋitsa âːntʃitɕ]; born October 29, 1979) is a former professional tennis player from Croatia. His younger siblings, Mario and Sanja, were also professional tennis players.

Sanja Ančić
Sanja Ančić (Croatian pronunciation: [sâɲa âːntʃitɕ]; born 18 July 1988) is a former tennis player from Croatia. She won a total of eight ITF tournaments in singles and one title in doubles. Her highest singles ranking was world No. 159, which she reached on 11 September 2006, and her best doubles ranking 240, reached in March 2007. She retired in 2007.
Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny
Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (German: Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny) is a political-satirical opera composed by Kurt Weill to a German libretto by Bertolt Brecht and Elisabeth Hauptmann. It was first performed on 9 March 1930 at the Neues Theater in Leipzig.

Some interpreters have viewed the play as a critique of American society. Others have perceived it as a critique of the chaotic and immoral Weimar Republic, particularly Berlin of the 1920s with its rampant prostitution, unstable government, political corruption, and economic crises.

Alabama Song
The "Alabama Song"—also known as "Moon of Alabama", "Moon over Alabama", and "Whisky Bar"—is an English language song written by Elisabeth Hauptmann in 1925 and set to music by Franz Servatius Bruinier and Kurt Weill for Bertolt Brecht's 1927 Mahagonny-Songspiel. Brecht also used it for his 1930 opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. It has been recorded by the Doors and David Bowie.
Benvenuto Tisi
Benvenuto Tisi (Italian: [beɱveˈnuːto ˈtiːzi]; 1481 – September 6, 1559), also known as Il Garofalo (Italian: [il ɡaˈrɔːfalo]), was a Late-Renaissance-Mannerist Italian painter of the School of Ferrara. Garofalo's career began attached to the court of the Duke d'Este. His early works have been described as "idyllic", but they often conform to the elaborate conceits favored by the artistically refined Ferrarese court. His nickname, Garofalo, may derive from his habit of signing some works with a picture of a carnation (in Italian, garofano, with a few dated variants).

Canaro, Rovigo
Canaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Venice and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Rovigo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,885 and an area of 32.7 square kilometres (12.6 sq mi).
Ōgaki
Ōgaki (大垣市, Ōgaki-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of October 31, 2018, the city had an estimated population of 161,539, and a population density of 782 persons per km2 in 65,931 households. The total area of the city was 206.57 square kilometres (79.76 sq mi).  Ōgaki was the final destination for the haiku poet Matsuo Bashō on one of his long journeys as recounted in his book Oku no Hosomichi. Every November the city holds a Bashō Festival.

Gifu
Gifu (岐阜市, Gifu-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [ɡʲi.ɸɯ, ɡʲi.ɸɯ̥ꜜ.ɕi]) is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important strategic role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords used the area as a base in their efforts to unify and control Japan. Among them, Oda Nobunaga, who gave the region the name it is known by today. Gifu continued to flourish even after Japan's unification as both an important shukuba along the Edo period Nakasendō and, later, as one of Japan's fashion centers. It has been designated a core city by the national government. The city is a part of the Chūkyō metropolitan area, centered around Nagoya.
Hailie Mace
Hailie Jenae Mace (born March 24, 1997) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a defender for the Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) and the United States national team.

Mace played college soccer for the UCLA Bruins, earning first-team All-American honors after helping the team to the 2017 national title game. She was the second overall pick in the 2019 NWSL College Draft but instead began her career with Melbourne City and Rosengård. In 2020, she joined the North Carolina Courage before being traded to the Kansas City Current one year later. She was named to the NWSL Best XI Second Team twice with the Current and helped the club win the NWSL Shield in 2025.

Mace made her senior debut for the United States while in college in 2018.

Gotham FC
Gotham Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in the New York metropolitan area that competes in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Founded in 2006 as Jersey Sky Blue, the team was known as Sky Blue FC from 2008 until 2020, and as NJ/NY Gotham FC from 2021 to 2024. A founding member of the NWSL in 2013, Sky Blue FC also played in Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) from 2009 to 2011. They won the NWSL Championship in 2023 and 2025.
Hofstadter's law
Hofstadter's law is a self-referential adage, coined by Douglas Hofstadter in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979) to describe the widely experienced difficulty of accurately estimating the time it will take to complete tasks of substantial complexity:

Hofstadter's law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's law.

The law is often cited by programmers in discussions of techniques to improve productivity, such as The Mythical Man-Month or extreme programming.

Self-reference
Self-reference is a concept that involves referring to oneself or one's own attributes, characteristics, or actions. It can occur in language, logic, mathematics, philosophy, and other fields.

In natural or formal languages, self-reference occurs when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. The reference may be expressed either directly—through some intermediate sentence or formula—or by means of some encoding.

In philosophy, self-reference also refers to the ability of a subject to speak of or refer to itself, that is, to have the kind of thought expressed by the first person nominative singular pronoun "I" in English.

Self-reference is studied and has applications in mathematics, philosophy, computer programming, second-order cybernetics, and linguistics, as well as in humor. Self-referential statements are sometimes paradoxical, and can also be considered recursive.
Aloracetam
Aloracetam (INN) is a drug described as a nootropic which is closely related to, but technically not of (as it lacks a pyrrolidone ring), the racetam family of compounds. It was studied by Aventis for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but was never marketed.

Racetam
Racetams, also sometimes known simply as pyrrolidones, are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus. Many, but not all, specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (piracetam) nucleus. Some racetams, such as piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam, and phenylpiracetam, are considered nootropics. Phenylpiracetam is also a stimulant. Others, such as levetiracetam, brivaracetam, and seletracetam, are anticonvulsants.
Sango, Tennessee
Sango is an unincorporated community in the southeastern corner of Montgomery County, Tennessee, about 5 miles east of Clarksville. It is located near Interstate 24, 30 minutes northwest of Nashville.

Once primarily a rural community consisting largely of prime farmland, many new housing developments have gone up in the past few years and has become very suburban.

As Sango is neither an incorporated community nor a census-designated place, it has no clearly defined boundaries. It roughly covers an area stretching from U.S. Route 41A to just beyond Interstate 24. Sango is considered to have a higher standard of living when compared to other similarly sized towns in middle Tennessee.

Montgomery County, Tennessee
Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 220,069. The county seat and only incorporated municipality is Clarksville. The county was created in 1796. Montgomery County is included in the Clarksville, TN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.