hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
99 Homes
99 Homes is a 2014 American independent drama film directed by Ramin Bahrani, written by Bahrani and Amir Naderi, and starring Andrew Garfield, Michael Shannon, Tim Guinee, and Laura Dern. Set in Florida, during the Great Recession, the film follows single father Dennis Nash (Garfield) and his family as they are evicted from their home by businessman Rick Carver (Shannon), leading to Nash choosing to help Carver in evicting people out of their homes in exchange for his family's home. Bahrani dedicated the film to the late film critic Roger Ebert.

The film competed for the Golden Lion at the 71st Venice International Film Festival. It won Grand Prix at 2015 Deauville American Film Festival. It also screened in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was released in a limited release on September 25, 2015, and wide expansion starting October 9, by Broad Green Pictures.

Ramin Bahrani
Ramin Bahrani (Persian: رامین بحرانی; born March 20, 1975) is an American director and screenwriter. Film critic Roger Ebert ranked Bahrani's Chop Shop (2007) as the sixth-best film of the 2000s, calling him "the new director of the decade". Bahrani was the recipient of the 2009 Guggenheim Fellowship. Bahrani is a professor of film directing at his alma mater, the Columbia University School of the Arts.

In 2021, Bahrani was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for The White Tiger. He is a BAFTA and Emmy Award nominee.
Lucas Kilian
Lucas Kilian (Lucas Kilianus Augustanus; 1579–1637) was a German engraver and etcher from the Kilian family of engravers in Augsburg. He became renowned as an engraver in the city of Augsburg working for the Custos workshop founded by his step father. He produced portraits, mythological drawings as well as anatomical illustrations.

Kilian family
Kilian is a dynasty of German engravers from Augsburg, Germany, that were active there for over a century.

The patriarch was Bartholomaus Kilian, a goldsmith, who married Maria Pfeiffelmann, and they had two sons Lucas and Wolfgang. Bartholomaus died, and his wife remarried the engraver Dominicus Custos. Together with him, she had three more sons, Raphael, David and Jacob Custos (or Custodis). Wolfgang in turn had two sons who became engravers, Bartholomaus the younger and Philipp. Philipp's son Wolfgang Philipp also became an engraver.

After them, there were a few more generations, and Georg Christophe (1709–1781) formed the collection of the family works conserved in the library at Augsburg.
Plan Dog memo
The Plan Dog memorandum was a 1940 U.S. government document written by Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark. Ronald H. Spector claimed that the memo became "one of the best-known documents of World War II."
Confronting the problem of an expected two-front war against Germany and Italy in Europe and against Japan in the Pacific, the memo set out the main options and suggested fighting a defensive war in the Pacific while giving strategic priority to defeating Germany and Italy. The memo laid the basis for the later American policy of Europe first.

United States color-coded war plans
During the 1920s and 1930s, the United States Armed Forces developed a number of color-coded war plans that outlined potential US strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. The plans, developed by the Joint Planning Committee (which later became the Joint Chiefs of Staff), were officially withdrawn in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II in favor of five "Rainbow" plans developed to meet the threat of a two-ocean war against multiple enemies.
Erfan-e-Halgheh
Erfan-e-Halgheh, also known as Erfan-e-Halqeh, Erfan-e-Kayhani, Erfan Kaihan, Cosmic Mysticism, Interuniversal Mysticism, and Mysticism of the Ring, is a spiritual movement which was started in Iran by mystic Mohammad Ali Taheri four decades ago. The movement promotes ideas and practices that seek to establish a connection between the individual and cosmic consciousness.

Erfan-e-Halgheh centers are spread worldwide and are present in Austria, Denmark, Canada, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States.

Mohammad Ali Taheri
Mohammad Ali Taheri (Persian: محمد علی طاهری; born 1956, in Kermanshah, Iran) is an alternative medicine practitioner who is the founder of Erfan-e-Halgheh, also called Interuniversal Mysticism, a version of Iranian mysticism Irfan. He is also the founder of the Erfan Halghe Cultural Institute.

Taheri has founded two complementary medicine treatments Faradarmani and Psymentology and, according to him, has been honored with doctorate degrees by alternative medicine universities for his research.

He is currently based in Canada after the grant of asylum by the Government of Canada.
Niebla usneoides
Niebla usneoides is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks in the fog zone along the Pacific Coast of  Baja California in the Vizcaíno Desert and Magadalena Desert regions, and reported also from the Channel Islands and mainland of southern California.  The epithet,  usneoides is in reference to the similarity to the lichen genus Usnea.

Niebla isidiaescens
Niebla isidiaescens is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It was originally described in 1994 from specimens collected in Baja California. The lichen grows on rocky outcrops in open maritime scrub habitats.
Tareq Kamleh
Tareq Kamleh (born 1985 or 1986) is an Australian citizen who fled to Syria as a medical doctor to join the Islamic terrorist organisation ISIS, where he performed pediatric work in Raqqa, Syria, in the Islamic State Health Service. On 29 April 2015 Kamleh was brought to Australian Government and media attention for a propaganda video he posted from Raqqa. The recruitment video was titled “health services in the Islamic state”, and includes Kamleh, among other medical professionals, urging fellow Muslim ‘brothers and sisters’ to join the Islamic State. Kamleh is currently wanted by the Australian Federal Police in connection to crimes carried out in Raqqa. Tareq Kamleh's whereabouts are currently unknown, although it is presumed he is dead.

Islamic State Health Service
Islamic State Health Service (ISHS) (Arabic: الخدمات الصحية للدولة الإسلامية, romanized: al-Khidmāt al-ṣiḥḥīyah lil-dawlah al-Islāmīyah) was a healthcare service run by the Islamic State, it was first shown in a propaganda video, the video and logo resembled an NHS logo and video presentation.
Milkfish congee
Milkfish congee (Chinese: 虱目魚肚粥; pinyin: Shīmùyúdù zhōu) is a Taiwanese breakfast dish consisting of a congee with milkfish belly. The dish is typically served with pepper and chopped spring onions and is often eaten at breakfast. Originating from Tainan, the dish is considered one of the national dishes of Taiwan. Recently, the dish is starting to gain popularity in the United States.

Congee
Congee (/ˈkɒndʒiː/ KON-jee, derived from Tamil கஞ்சி [kaɲdʑi]) is a form of savoury rice porridge of Indian origin, primarily made by boiling rice in a large amount of water until the rice softens. Depending on the rice–water ratio, the thickness of congee varies from a Western oatmeal porridge to a gruel. Since the history of rice cultivation in Asia stretches back to the Baiyue-inhabited lower Yangtze circa 10,000 BC, congee is unlikely to have appeared before that date. Congee is typically served with side dishes, or it can be topped with meat, fish, and pickled vegetables.

Vivid experiences of eating or delivering thin congee as wartime or famine food often feature in diaries and chronicles. In some cultures, congee is eaten primarily as a breakfast food or late supper; some may also eat it as a substitute for rice at other meals. It is often considered suitable for the sick as a mild, easily digestible food.
Winifred M. A. Brooke
Winifred Mary Adelaide Brooke (16 February 1893 – 4 November 1975) was a British botanist, illustrator and author who made scientifically significant collections of botanical specimens, including in the Bolivian Andes. The plant genus Misbrookea was named in her honour by Vicki Funk.

Misbrookea
Misbrookea is a genus of South American plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. The genus is named in honour of Miss Winifred M. A. Brooke.

The only known species is Misbrookea strigosissima, native to Peru and Bolivia. It is found in dry, high-elevation areas.
Phyllis Lamphere
Phyllis Lee Hagmoe Lamphere (February 9, 1922 – November 13, 2018) was an American politician and civic activist. She was a longtime member of the Seattle City Council and was the first woman to lead the National League of Cities.

Seattle City Council
The Seattle City Council is the legislative body of the city of Seattle, Washington. The Council consists of nine members serving four-year terms, seven of which are elected by electoral districts and two of which are elected in citywide at-large positions; all elections are non-partisan. It has the responsibility of approving the city's budget, and passes all legislation related to the city's police, firefighting, parks, libraries, and electricity, water supply, solid waste, and drainage utilities.
The mayor of Seattle is not part of the council.
Konstantin Trenchev
Konstantin Trenchev (Bulgarian: Константин Тренчев) (born 8 February 1955) is a Bulgarian medic and syndicalist who is the president of the Confederation of Labour Podkrepa.

Trenchev has received his education in the field of medicine. He has supported the use of European Union funds to help firms and individuals in being granted patents.

Trenchev is one of the founding members of the UDF and a member of the Coordinating Council of the Union of Democratic Forces. He established Confederation of Labour Podkrepa in February 1989, was reelected as its chairman in February 1997 and was persuaded to continue in this role at the CLP's 8th congress held in February 2011.

Confederation of Labour Podkrepa
The Confederation of Labour Podkrepa is a trade union centre in Bulgaria. It was founded on 8 February 1989 and has a membership of approximately 150,000 individuals.

It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation and the European Trade Union Confederation. in Bulgarian, its full name is Конфедерация на труда „Подкрепа“, which is commonly shortened to КТ Подкрепа (KT Podkrepa [ˈka ˈtɛ potˈkrɛpɐ]).
Page Hamilton
Page Nye Hamilton (born May 18, 1960) is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter and record producer who founded the American heavy metal band Helmet in 1989. In the 1990s, Helmet and Hamilton were forerunners of alternative metal with the albums Meantime (1992) and Betty (1994) and are considered one of the most influential metal bands of all time. Although he is mainly known for his work in heavy metal and post-hardcore music, Hamilton also earned an undergraduate degree from the University of Oregon and later earned a Master's degree in jazz guitar from the Manhattan School of Music. Hamilton also has connections to avant-garde music and film soundtrack composition.

Manhattan School of Music
The Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory in New York City. The school offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in the areas of classical performance, jazz performance, contemporary performance, composition, and conducting, as well as a bachelor's in musical theatre.

Founded in 1917, the school is located on Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of New York City, adjacent to Broadway and West 122nd Street (Seminary Row). The MSM campus was originally the home to The Institute of Musical Art (which later became Juilliard) until Juilliard moved to the Lincoln Center area of Midtown Manhattan. The property was originally owned by the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum until The Institute of Musical Art purchased it in 1910. Many of the students live in the school's residence hall, Andersen Hall. The school is located close to Columbia University.
Monopropellant rocket
A monopropellant rocket (or "monochemical rocket") is a rocket that uses a single chemical as its propellant. Monopropellant rockets are commonly used as small altitude and trajectory control rockets in satellites, rocket upper stages, crewed spacecraft, and spaceplanes.

Monopropellant
Monopropellants are propellants consisting of chemicals that release energy through exothermic chemical decomposition. The molecular bond energy of the monopropellant is released usually through use of a catalyst. This can be contrasted with bipropellants that release energy through the chemical reaction between an oxidizer and a fuel. While stable under defined storage conditions, monopropellants decompose very rapidly under certain other conditions to produce a large volume of its own energetic (hot) gases for the performance of mechanical work. Although solid deflagrants such as nitrocellulose, the most commonly used propellant in firearms, could be thought of as monopropellants, the term is usually reserved for liquids in engineering literature.
Syed Abdul Rahim
Syed Abdul Rahim (17 August 1909 – 11 June 1963), popularly known as Rahim Saab, was an Indian football coach and manager of the India national team from 1950 until his death in 1963, and a former player. He is regarded as the architect of modern Indian football. A teacher by profession, he was a strong motivator and his tenure as a coach is regarded as the "golden age" of football in India.

Under his stewardship, the India national team earned superiority in both technical qualities and tactical innovations, and got the nickname "Brazil of Asia". They went on to win gold medals in Asian Games of—(1951-Delhi and 1962-Jakarta), played semi-finals of the Summer Olympics—(1956-Melbourne) making India the first ever Asian country to achieve this place, win the titles of Asian Quadrangular Football Tournament for the years of—(1952-Colombo and 1954-Calcutta and came runners-up in Pestabola Merdeka—(1959 Kuala Lumpur).

Football in India
Association football is one of the most popular sports in India. According to a survey, 305 million Indians or around 21% of the Indians are football fans. Association football is the most popular sport in some Indian states, like Assam, Goa, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya and West Bengal. In Odisha, field hockey is number one. In the other Indian states, cricket is the main sport.

The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup was the first FIFA event the country hosted. It was called the most successful FIFA U-17 World Cup ever, with a record-breaking attendance of 1,347,133, exceeding China's record of 1,230,976 from 1985. India also hosted the 2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup and bid to host the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup.

The Indian national football team qualified for the 1950 FIFA World Cup but did not participate.
I've Heard the Mermaids Singing
I've Heard the Mermaids Singing is a 1987 Canadian comedy-drama film written and directed by Patricia Rozema and starring Sheila McCarthy, Paule Baillargeon, and Ann-Marie MacDonald. It was the first English-language Canadian feature film to win an award at the Cannes Film Festival.: 26

Patricia Rozema
Patricia Rozema (born 20 August 1958) is a Canadian film director, writer and producer. She was part of a loosely-affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge in 1980s from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave.
Steve (2010 film)
Steve is a 2010 British drama short film written and directed by Rupert Friend and starring Colin Firth, Keira Knightley and Tom Mison. It screened at the 2010 BFI London Film Festival.

The film was released theatrically as a section of the compilation film Stars in Shorts in 2012.

Tom Mison
Thomas James Mison (born 23 July 1982) is an English actor, voice artist, and writer. Following his film debut in Venus (2006), Mison had supporting roles in films such as One Day and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (both 2011). He is best known for his lead roles as Ichabod Crane on the Fox supernatural drama series Sleepy Hollow (2013–2017), the clones of Mr. Phillips and the Game Warden on the HBO superhero miniseries Watchmen (2019), and Jack on the Paramount+ mystery thriller drama series The Ex-Wife (2022–2025).

Mison is also known for his supporting roles as Quentin on the Hulu romantic comedy miniseries Four Weddings and a Funeral (2019) and Lord Harlan on the second and third seasons of the Apple TV sci-fi thriller drama series See (2021–2022).
2014 Quebec Men's Provincial Curling Championship
The 2014 Quebec Men's Provincial Curling Championship, also known as the Quebec Tankard, was held from January 11 to 19 at the Club de curling Desjardins in Val-d'Or, Quebec. The winning Jean-Michel Ménard rink from Saint-Romuald represented Quebec at the 2014 Tim Hortons Brier in Kamloops, British Columbia.

2014 Tim Hortons Brier
The 2014 Tim Hortons Brier was held from March 1 to 9 at the Interior Savings Centre in Kamloops, British Columbia.

Unlike previous years, the winner of the 2014 Brier automatically qualified for the 2015 Brier as Team Canada, similarly to the Scotties Tournament of Hearts.
Texarkana Shine-Oners
The Texarkana Shine-Oners were a minor league baseball team based in Texarkana, Texas in 1906. Preceded and succeeded by 1905 and 1909 Texarkana teams without a nickname, as was common in the era, the three Texarkana teams played as members of the Class D level North Texas League in 1905, Arkansas-Texas League in 1906 and Arkansas State League in 1909. The three teams were each managed by Robert Shelton and hosted minor league home games at Texas League Park.

Arkansas State League
The Arkansas State League was an American minor league baseball league that played in various seasons between 1894 and 1935, forming three different times. The first version was in operation in 1894, followed by an 1897 league. The Class D level league operated from 1908 to 1909 in Arkansas and Louisiana and also in 1934 to 1935 in Arkansas and Missouri. In 1936, the league evolved to become the Arkansas-Missouri League. Little Rock and Rogers each won two league championships.
Frank Herbert
Franklin Patrick Herbert Jr. (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an American science-fiction author, best known for his 1965 novel Dune and five sequels to it. He also wrote short stories and worked as a newspaper journalist, photographer, book reviewer, ecological consultant, and lecturer.

Dune is the best-selling science fiction novel of all time, and the series is a classic of the science-fiction genre. The series has been adapted numerous times, including the feature film David Lynch's Dune (1984), the miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune (2000) and Children of Dune (2003), and a motion picture trilogy currently in production, with Denis Villeneuve's Dune (2021) and Dune: Part Two (2024) having been released.

Guy Cordon
Guy F. Cordon (April 24, 1890 – June 8, 1969) was an American author, politician and lawyer from the state of Oregon. A native of Texas, he served in the Army during World War I and later was the district attorney of Douglas County in Southern Oregon. A Republican, he was appointed and later won election to the United States Senate, serving in office from 1944 to 1955.
2000 ARIA Music Awards
The 14th Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as the ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAs) was held on 24 October 2000 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre. Presenters distributed 28 awards with the big winners for the year being Killing Heidi and Madison Avenue, each with four trophies. In addition to the annually presented awards, a "Special Achievement Award" was given to Daryl Somers; an "Outstanding Achievement Award" was received by Slim Dusty and another presented to Tina Arena. There were no ARIA Hall of Fame inductees.

Daryl Somers
Daryl Paul Somers (né Schulz; 6 August 1951) is an Australian television personality and musician, and a triple Gold Logie award winner. He rose to national fame as the host and executive producer of the long-running comedy-variety program Hey Hey It's Saturday and continued his television celebrity and status as host of the live-performance program Dancing with the Stars.

Somers was honoured in 2004 with the award of a Medal of the Order of Australia, and by Australia Post in 2018 by having his portrait featured on a series of postage stamps.
Pleading
In law as practiced in countries that follow the English models, a pleading is a formal written statement of one party's claims or defenses in response to another party's complaint(s) in a civil action. The parties' pleadings in a case define the issues to be adjudicated in the action.

The Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) govern pleading in England and Wales.

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure govern pleading in United States federal courts. Each state in the United States has its own statutes and rules that govern pleading in the courts of that state.

Cause of action
A cause of action or right of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify suing to obtain money or property, or to justify the enforcement of a legal right against another party. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings suit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called 'claim form' or 'particulars of claim' in English law (formerly known as a 'statement of claim'), or a 'complaint' in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. In Ireland, this document can be called a 'claim notice.' It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages, often expressed in the amount of money the receiving party should pay/reimburse.
Şahin Giray (prince)
Shahin Giray (c. 1585-c.1641) was an exiled member of the ruling house of the Crimean Khanate.

Şahin was the son of Khan Saadet II Giray (reigned 1584)  and the grandson of Khan Mehmed II Giray (reigned 1577-1584).  His eldest brother was Devlet who was killed in 1601. His elder brother was the future Khan Mehmed III Giray  (reigned 1623-1628).  His mother was Es Turgan, the daughter of "Gazi Bey" (Mirza Kazi?) who founded the Lesser Nogai Horde around 1557.

Mehmed III Giray
Mehmed III Giray (1584–1629, reigned 1623–1628) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate. Much of his life was spent in conflict with nearly everyone around him. Part of the trouble was caused by his over-aggressive brother Shahin Giray. His reign was marked by an unsuccessful Turkish attempt to expel him and by the first treaty between Crimea and the Zaporozhian Cossacks.  He was driven out by the Turks in 1628 and died trying to regain his throne.

His name in Crimean Tatar is (Crimean Tatar: III Mehmed Geray, ٣محمد كراى).
2008 in Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
The year 2008 was the fifth year in the history of the Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Poland. In 2008, Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki held 4 events beginning with, KSW Elimination II.

Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (English: Martial Arts Confrontation), better known by its initials KSW, is  widely considered to be the premier mixed martial arts organization in Poland and one of the leading in Europe.