hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer. He was widely known for his methods to improve industrial efficiency. He was one of the first management consultants. In 1909, Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his book The Principles of Scientific Management which, in 2001, Fellows of the Academy of Management voted the most influential management book of the twentieth century. His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to the work done on the factory floor was instrumental in the creation and development of the branch of engineering that is now known as industrial engineering. Taylor made his name, and was most proud of his work, in scientific management; as a result, scientific management is sometimes referred to as Taylorism. His main source of income came from patenting improvements to steelmaking.

Henry Louis Le Chatelier
Henry Louis Le Chatelier (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi lwi lə ʃɑtəlje]; 8 October 1850 – 17 September 1936) was a French chemist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He devised Le Chatelier's principle, used by chemists to predict the effect a changing condition has on a system in chemical equilibrium.
Northern Subject Rule
The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects. Present-tense verbs may take the verbal ‑s suffix, except when they are directly adjacent to one of the personal pronouns I, you, we, or they as their subject. As a result, they sing contrasts with the birds sings; they sing and dances; it's you that sings; I only sings. Various core areas for the rule have been proposed, including Yorkshire and southern Scotland.

The Northern Subject Rule is also present in Newfoundland English, although a 2011 study by Philip Comeau argues that it differs from the Northern Subject Rule of British dialects, because it is a marker of habitual aspect or verb stativity.

In several other dialects across England, occasional variations in agreement between subjects and verbs can be found.

Modern Scots
Modern Scots comprises the varieties of Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster, from 1700.

Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from English, largely from the colloquial register. This process of language contact or dialectisation under English has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English, and increased population mobility became available after the Second World War. It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift towards Scottish English, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger.

By the end of the twentieth century, Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland. Residual features of Scots are often simply regarded today as slang, especially by people from outwith Scotland, but even by many Scots.
Daptomycin
Daptomycin, sold under the brand name Cubicin among others, is a lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of systemic and life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive organisms.

Daptomycin was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2019. The World Health Organization classifies daptomycin as critically important for human medicine.

Streptomyces filamentosus
Streptomyces filamentosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil. Streptomyces filamentosus produces caryomycin. Streptomyces filamentosus also produces the novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin (US trade name: Cubicin).
Sir Charles Douglas, 1st Baronet
Rear-Admiral Sir Charles Douglas, 1st Baronet (1727 – 17 March 1789) was a British naval officer. He is particularly known for his part in the Battle of the Saintes during the American War of Independence where he helped pioneer the tactic of "breaking the line".

North America and West Indies Station
The North America and West Indies Station was a formation of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from the 1740s to 1956, with its main bases in Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station absorbed the separate Newfoundland Station in 1825 (becoming the North America and Newfoundland Station), and the Jamaica Station in 1830, to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926, absorbing what had been the South East Coast of America Station and the Pacific Station.
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A., also known as CDP S.p.A., is a prominent Italian public development bank founded on November 20, 1850, in Turin. Its original duty was to finance public works like roads and waterworks during the reign of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, King of Sardinia-Piedmont.

CDP is the major Italian  institution for economic development through long-term investments at local, regional and national level and acts as the government's arm for executing public policy mandates.

It is among the founders (with Caisse des Dépots, KfW and European Investment Bank) of the D20 Long-Term Investors Club (D20-LTIC), a group that gathers 18 major financial institutions and institutional investors from all over the world, mainly from G20 countries, and a member of the European Long Term Investors (ELTI), an association that brings together the main european national promotional banks.

KfW
The KfW, which together with its subsidiaries DEG, KfW IPEX-Bank and FuB forms the KfW Bankengruppe ("banking group"), is a German state-owned investment and development bank, based in Frankfurt. As of 2014, it is the world's largest national development bank and as of 2018 Germany's third largest bank by balance sheet. Its name originally comes from Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau ("Credit Institute for Reconstruction"). It was formed in 1948 after World War II as part of the Marshall Plan.

According to the OECD,  Germany's total official development assistance (ODA) (USD 35 billion, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to an increase in in-donor refugee costs and increased contributions to international organisations. It represented 0.83% of gross national income (GNI).
T1 League
The T1 League (Chinese: T1聯盟) was a professional basketball league in Taiwan. It was the third Taiwanese professional basketball league after the now-defunct Chinese Basketball Alliance (CBA; 1994–1999) and P. League+ (PLG; founded in 2020).

2022 T1 League finals
The 2022 T1 League finals was the championship series of the T1 League's 2021–22 season and conclusion of the season's playoffs. The best-of-seven final series was played by the winners of the semifinals series. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, the finals series changed to best-of-five series. The finals series started on May 31 and ended on June 4. The series was matched by Kaohsiung Aquas and Taichung Wagor Suns. On June 4, the Kaohsiung Aquas defeated the Taichung Wagor Suns, 3–0, winning the 2021–22 season championship. Hu Long-Mao of the Kaohsiung Aquas was named the Finals MVP.
Toledo Walleye
The Toledo Walleye are a professional ice hockey team based in Toledo, Ohio.  The Walleye are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the ECHL. The Walleye were founded in 1991 as the Toledo Storm and play their home games at the Huntington Center, which opened in 2009. Since the beginning of the 2009–10 season, the team has been affiliated with the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League and the Grand Rapids Griffins of the American Hockey League with an agreement in place through the 2026–27 season.

Brabham Cup
The Henry Brabham Cup is the trophy awarded annually by the ECHL to the team that finishes with the most points in the league during the regular season. The Brabham Cup has been awarded 34 times to 16 different franchises since its debut in 1989.
Warpalawas II
Warpalawas II (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔗬𔖱𔕸𔓊𔗬𔗔‎, romanized: Warpallawas) was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tuwana in the region of Tabal who reigned during the late 8th century BC, from around c. 740 to c. 705 BC.

Tyana
Tyana, earlier known as Tuwana during the Iron Age, and Tūwanuwa during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia, in modern Kemerhisar, Niğde Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey.

It was the capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st millennium BC.
Maarten Maartens
Maarten Maartens, pen name of Jozua Marius Willem van der Poorten Schwartz (15 August 1858 in Amsterdam – 3 August 1915 in Doorn), was a Dutch writer, who wrote in English. He was quite well known at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, in both the UK and the US, but he was soon forgotten after his death.

God's Fool
God's Fool: A Koopstad Story is an English-language novel by the Dutch writer Maarten Maartens, first published in 1892. The title is based on 1 Corinthians 3:19: "For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God." Elias Lossell, the principal character, may be a fool, but he has God's wisdom.
Casape
Casape is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Rome, on the western slopes of the Monti Prenestini.

Casape borders the following municipalities: Capranica Prenestina, Poli, San Gregorio da Sassola.

San Gregorio da Sassola
San Gregorio da Sassola is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Rome.

San Gregorio da Sassola borders the following municipalities: Capranica Prenestina, Casape, Castel Madama, Ciciliano, Poli, Rome, Tivoli.

In antiquity, the Aequian town of Aefula mentioned by both Pliny and Livy was situated within the bounds of the modern comune.
Pacific Northwest Trail
The Pacific Northwest Trail (PNT) is a 1,200-mile (1,900 km) hiking trail running from the Continental Divide in Montana to the Pacific Ocean on Washington's Olympic Coast. Along the way, the PNT crosses three national parks, seven national forests, and two other national scenic trails. It travels against the grain of several mountain ranges, including the Continental Divide, Whitefish Divide, Purcells, Selkirks, Kettles, Cascades, and Olympics. It was designated as the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail by Congress in 2009.

Flathead National Forest
The Flathead National Forest is a national forest in the western part of the U.S. state of Montana. The forest lies primarily in Flathead County, south of Glacier National Park. The forest covers 2,404,935 acres (3,758 mi2; 9,732 km2) of which about 1 million acres (4,000 km2) is designated wilderness. It is named after the Flathead Native Americans who live in the area.
Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus Bombax. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point of view, and currently the preference is to transfer most of the erstwhile family Bombacaceae to the subfamily Bombacoideae within the family Malvaceae in the order Malvales. The rest of the family were transferred to other taxa, notably the new family Durionaceae. Irrespective of current taxonomic status, many of the species originally included in the Bombacaceae are of considerable ecological, historical, horticultural, and economic importance, such as balsa, kapok, baobab and durian.

Pachira
Pachira is a genus of tropical trees distributed in Central and South America and the Caribbean, ranging from Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. They are classified in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae. Previously the genus was assigned to Bombacaceae.
 Prior to that the genus was found in the (now obsolete) Sterculiaceae.

54 species are currently accepted. They form small or large trees with digitate leaves, and the fruit an oval woody one-celled capsule opening by a number of divisions and containing many seeds.
Oktogon (intersection)
Oktogon is one of Pest's major intersections, located at the junction of the Grand Boulevard (Nagykörút) and Andrássy Avenue (Andrássy út) in Budapest, Hungary. This junction, one of the city's most important, is named for its octagonal shape.

Oktogon is also a station on the yellow M1 (Millennium Underground) line of the Budapest Metro, which runs underneath Andrássy Avenue to Heroes' Square (Hősök tere).

Oktogon metro station
Oktogon is a station of the yellow M1 (Millennium Underground) line of the Budapest Metro. The station is located under the Oktogon cross-roads where the Grand Boulevard and Andrássy Avenue intersect.

It was opened on 2 May 1896 as part of the inaugural section of the Budapest Metro, between Vörösmarty tér and Széchenyi fürdő. This section, known as the Millennium Underground Railway, was the first metro system in continental Europe. In 2002, it was included into the World Heritage Site "Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue".

The station has two side platforms, each with its own independent access from the street.

Construction of the Millennium Underground at Oktogon (1896)

Station Sign

Platforms
Bolivosteus
Bolivosteus chacomensis is a rhenanid placoderm from the Eifelian of Bolivia, and is the only placoderm known from the “Malvinokaffric” invertebrate faunas.  The Malvinokaffric faunas represent a series of cold-water ecosystems near or at the South Pole during the Middle Devonian, and apparently lacked the presence of ammonoids, bryozoa, or colonial corals. B. chacomensis is known from skull fragments and scales.

Rhenanida
Rhenanida ("Rhine (fish)") is an order of scaly placoderms. Unlike most other placoderms, the rhenanids' armor was made up of a mosaic of unfused scales and tubercles.  The patterns and components of this "mosaic" correspond to the plates of armor in other, more advanced placoderms, suggesting that the ancestral placoderm had armor made of unfused components, as well.

All rhenanids were flattened, ray-like, bottom-dwelling predators that lived in marine environments.
Songs of the Doomed
Gonzo Papers, Vol. 3: Songs of the Doomed: More Notes on the Death of the American Dream is a book by the American writer and journalist Hunter S. Thompson, originally published in 1990. The third installment of the four-volume The Gonzo Papers, it is a chronologically arranged selection of essays, newspaper articles, stories and letters, allowing readers to see how Thompson's brand of New Journalism, also termed Gonzo journalism, evolved over the years. Songs of the Doomed is mostly made up of pieces written between 1980 and 1990, but there is also some older material, including excerpts from Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas; Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72; his unfinished first novel, Prince Jellyfish, which is still unpublished; and The Rum Diary, which was not published in its entirety until 1998.

The Gonzo Papers
The Gonzo Papers is a four volume series of books by American journalist and author Hunter S. Thompson published between 1979 and 1994. The word Gonzo is often used to describe the unique style of journalism that Thompson cultivated throughout his life.

The books largely serve as a collection of hard-to-find newspaper and magazine articles written by Thompson throughout his career, although all volumes do contain some new material by the author. Articles from Thompson's early days as a newspaper free-lancer, correspondent for the National Observer, and columnist for the San Francisco Examiner are included, as are excerpts from Thompson's better known works such as Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.

The fourth volume, Better Than Sex, is mostly composed of faxes and letters Thompson sent and received regarding the 1992 U.S. Presidential Election, along with a few articles Thompson wrote on the subject.
Warsaw, North Dakota
Warsaw is an unincorporated community in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Minto (mailing addresses in Warsaw say "Minto" because mail is delivered by postal workers based there) and about 15 miles southeast of Grafton, the county seat. It is in an area of Walsh County that was settled in the 19th century by immigrants from Poland, and which remained a predominantly Polish-speaking area well beyond the middle of the 20th century. The Catholic Church of St. Stanislaus in Warsaw, built in 1901, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the inscriptions on gravestones in the adjacent cemetery are in Polish.

St. Gianna's Maternity Home, which takes in women experiencing "crisis pregnancies" who in some cases might otherwise seek abortions, is located in Warsaw. It is named in honor of Gianna Beretta Molla.

St. Stanislaus Church Historic District
The St. Stanislaus Church Historic District is a 11.2 acres (4.5 ha) Polish American historic district in Warsaw, North Dakota, United States, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

The St. Stanislaus Church was designed by John W. Ross and was dedicated in 1901.

As of 1979, the historic district included three contributing buildings: the St. Stanislaus Church, a rectory, and St. Anthony Academy, and one contributing site, a cemetery.: 2
NCUK
NCUK (also known as NCUK - University Pathways) is an organisation that provides qualifications for international students wanting to enter leading universities. The organisation's main office is located in Manchester, UK, with key staff members located in Asian regions, including China.

NCUK describes itself as an organisation offering a variety of qualifications, supporting the academic and university progressions of students worldwide. Recognised by universities within the NCUK Global Network and beyond, the successful completion of an NCUK programme grants students access to over 60 NCUK University Partners, providing them with options to progress to universities in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the USA, and Canada.

University of Bradford
The University of Bradford is a public research university located in the city of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. A plate glass university, it received its royal charter in 1966, making it the 40th university to be created in Britain, but can trace its origins back to the establishment of the industrial West Yorkshire town's Mechanics Institute in 1832.

The student population includes 7,923 undergraduate and 3,742 postgraduate students. Mature students make up around a third of the undergraduate community. A total of 22% of students are foreign and come from over 110 countries. There were 14,406 applications to the university through UCAS in 2010, of which 3,421 were accepted.

It was the first British university to establish a Department of Peace Studies in 1973, which is currently the world's largest university centre for the study of peace and conflict.
Market Drayton railway station
Market Drayton railway station served the town of Market Drayton in Shropshire, England, between 1863 and 1963. It was at the junction where three railway lines met: two of them, forming the Great Western Railway route between  Wellington and Crewe, were met by a line from Stoke-on-Trent on the North Staffordshire Railway.

Market Drayton
Market Drayton is a market town and civil parish on the banks of the River Tern in Shropshire, England. It is close to the Cheshire and Staffordshire borders. It is located between the towns of Whitchurch, Wem, Nantwich, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Newport and the city of Stoke on Trent. The town is on the Shropshire Union Canal and bypassed by the A53 road.
Soil texture
Soil texture is the identifying quality of the upper layer of earth, which is composed of sand, silt and clay.Soil texture can be determined using qualitative methods such as texture by feel, and quantitative methods such as the hydrometer method based on Stokes' law.  Soil texture has agricultural applications such as determining crop suitability and to predict the response of the soil to environmental and management conditions such as drought or calcium (lime) requirements. Soil texture focuses on the particles that are less than two millimeters in diameter which include sand, silt, and clay. The USDA soil taxonomy and WRB soil classification systems use 12 textural classes whereas the UK-ADAS system uses 11.  These classifications are based on the percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the soil.

Laser diffraction analysis
Laser diffraction analysis, also known as laser diffraction spectroscopy, is a technology that utilizes diffraction patterns of a laser beam passed through any object ranging from nanometers to millimeters in size to quickly measure geometrical dimensions of a particle. This particle size analysis process does not depend on volumetric flow rate, the amount of particles that passes through a surface over time.
Conquest of the Canary Islands
The conquest of the Canary Islands by the Crown of Castile took place between 1402 and 1496 in two periods: the Conquista señorial, carried out by Castilian nobility in exchange for a covenant of allegiance to the crown, and the Conquista realenga, carried out by the Spanish crown itself during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs. It has been described as the first instance of European settler colonialism in Africa, as well as a genocide due to the brutal treatment of the Islands' indigenous Guanches which contributed to their extinction as a distinct group.

Inés Peraza
Inés Peraza de las Casas (Seville, c. 1424 - Seville, 1503) was the territorial lady of the Lordship of the Canary Islands, which she inherited from her father Hernán Peraza the Elder and her late brother Guillén Peraza.

As the first monarch since the islands were unified by her father, Inés titled herself “Queen of the Canary Islands,” which she continued to do until the assignment to the Catholic Monarchs to the islands of La Palma, Gran Canaria and Tenerife in 1477.
Murrawijinie Cave
Murrawijinie Cave is in the Australian state of South Australia within the gazetted locality of Nullarbor on the Nullarbor Plain.

This cave is open to the public but safety precautions should be taken before driving off the Eyre Highway. The entry is approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of the Nullarbor Roadhouse along a rough track.

Primarily, entry is accessed via doline (sinkhole); another two entrances are close by, which is typical of the Nullarbor's karst topography. Hawks and swallows use the caves as nesting sites.

One of the entrances has hand stencils on the walls drawn in ochre by Indigenous Australians.

Since June 2013, the cave has been in the protected area known as the Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area.

Nullarbor Plain
The Nullarbor Plain (/ˈnʌlərbɔːr/ NUL-ər-bor; Latin: nulla feminine of nullus 'no' and arbor 'tree') is part of the area of flat, almost treeless, arid or semi-arid country of southern Australia, located on the Great Australian Bight coast with the Great Victoria Desert to its north. It is the world's largest single exposure of limestone bedrock, and occupies an area of about 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi). At its widest point, it stretches about 1,100 kilometres (684 mi) from east to west across the border between South Australia and Western Australia.