hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Chapel Lawn
Chapel Lawn is a small village in southwest Shropshire, England, located within the Redlake Valley, some three miles south of the small town of Clun.

Chapel Lawn lies in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty bounded to the north by Bryneddin Wood, an ancient deciduous wood containing extensive plantings of Sessile Oak. On Caer Caradoc, a 399-metre (1,309 ft) hill less than 1 kilometre south of the village, can be found an Iron Age fort with mounds and ditches well defined and scheduled by English Heritage.

Caer Caradoc (Chapel Lawn)
Caer Caradoc (Welsh – Caer Caradog) is an Iron Age hill fort and Scheduled Monument in the south-west of the English county of Shropshire, near the town of Clun. It overlooks the village of Chapel Lawn and lies within a loop of the River Redlake. It is located within an area of Open Access land and can be reached via a public footpath between the farms of Wax Hall to the west and Bryncambric to the east.

This hill fort has the same name as another, Caer Caradoc near Church Stretton, also in Shropshire but 16 miles (26 km) to the north-east. Like the latter, it has also been claimed to have been the site of Caratacus' last battle against the Roman occupation of Britain.
Susan Howe
Susan Howe (born June 10, 1937) is an American poet, scholar, essayist, and critic, who has been closely associated with the Language poets, among other poetry movements. Her work is often classified as Postmodern because it expands traditional notions of genre (fiction, essay, prose and poetry). Many of Howe's books are layered with historical, mythical, and other references, often presented in an unorthodox format. Her work contains lyrical echoes of sound, and yet is not pinned down by a consistent metrical pattern or a conventional poetic rhyme scheme.

Howe received the 2017 Robert Frost Medal awarded by the Poetry Society of America, and the 2011 Bollingen Prize in American Poetry. She is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts
The School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University (Museum School, SMFA at Tufts, or SMFA; formerly the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) is a dedicated art school within Tufts University, a private research university in Massachusetts. SMFA is part of Tufts University's largest school, the School of Arts and Sciences, and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees that combine studio arts training with interdisciplinary liberal arts and science education.

It is affiliated with the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. SMFA is a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD), a consortium of several dozen leading art schools in the United States, and is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE).
Ruin Tower
The Ruin Tower (Russian: Башня-руина) is an 18th-century monument in Ekaterininsky Park of Tsarskoye Selo - now Pushkin, a suburban town in eponymous borough of St. Petersburg, Russia. It was designed and constructed in 1771-1773 by German-Russian architect Yury Felten.

Catherine Park
The Catherine Park (Russian: Екатерининский парк) is the large landscaped area to the south of the Catherine Palace, located in the town of Tsarskoye Selo (Pushkin), 25 km south-east of St. Petersburg, Russia.

The park has two parts: a formal 18th century Dutch-style garden and a natural English garden.
Dinghu East railway station
Dinghu East railway station (Chinese: 鼎湖东站) is a railway station in Yong'an, Dinghu District, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China. It is an intermediate station on the Guangzhou–Zhaoqing intercity railway. It opened with the line on 30 March 2016. The station has two island platforms. It is situated adjacent and perpendicular to Zhaoqing East railway station and a walkway is provided for transfer between the two stations.

Zhaoqing East railway station
Zhaoqing East railway station (Chinese: 肇庆东站) is a railway station in Yong'an, Dinghu District, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China. It is an intermediate station on the Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railway. It opened on 26 January 2015. The station has four island platforms and one side platform. It is situated adjacent and perpendicular to Dinghu East railway station and a walkway is provided for transfer between the two stations.
Staploe
Staploe is a village and civil parish located in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire, England.

Staploe was originally a hamlet of Eaton Socon. Under the Local Government Act 1958, Eaton Socon was merged with the neighbouring town of St Neots in Cambridgeshire. Staploe was therefore created as a civil parish in 1965.

The parish of Staploe includes other former parts of Eaton Socon - Duloe, Honeydon, and Upper Staploe. Bushmead Priory and the hamlet of Bushmead are also in the parish.

Honeydon
Honeydon is a hamlet located in the Borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire, England.

Honeydon lies in the civil parish of Staploe (where the 2011 Census population was included), and is close to Upper Staploe and Begwary. The settlement is also close to the border of Cambridgeshire.
Lake Compounce
Lake Compounce is an amusement park located in Bristol and Southington, Connecticut that opened in 1846. It is the oldest continuously operating amusement park in the United States.

It spans 332 acres (134 ha), which includes a beach and a water park called Crocodile Cove, both included in the price of admission. In addition to housing the 14th oldest wooden roller coaster in the world, Wildcat, its newer wooden roller coaster, Boulder Dash, won the Golden Ticket Award for Best Wooden Coaster for five consecutive years. The park is owned by Herschend.

Southington, Connecticut
Southington (/ˈsʌðɪŋtən/ SUH-thing-tən) is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. As of the 2020 United States census, it had a population of 43,501. Southington contains the villages of Marion,   Milldale, and Plantsville.
Creelman, Saskatchewan
Creelman (2021 population: 103) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the RM of Fillmore No. 96 and Census Division No. 2. The village lies 118 km southeast of the city of Regina, on Highway 33.

Division No. 2, Saskatchewan
Division No. 2 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the south-southeastern part of the province, on the United States border. The most populous community in this division is Weyburn.
Monica De Gennaro
Monica "Moki" De Gennaro (born 8 January 1987) is an Italian professional volleyball player. She plays for Imoco Volley Conegliano and for the Italy women's national volleyball team. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics, 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics. In the 2024 Summer Olympics, she won the gold medal and the best libero award. She is regarded as the greatest libero of all time.

2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League
The 2025 FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League was the seventh edition of the FIVB Women's Volleyball Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. It was held between June and July 2025, and the final round took place at the Atlas Arena in Łódź, Poland.

Following the results of the 2024 Challenger Cup, Czech Republic make their debut this edition, while Belgium made their comeback as the top FIVB ranked team.

Italy won their third VNL title after defeating Brazil in the final. Poland claimed their third consecutive bronze medal after defeating Japan in the 3rd place match. Monica De Gennaro of Italy was named the MVP of the tournament.
Bargain Buys
Bargain Buys Trading Limited is a British variety store chain, and a subsidiary of Poundstretcher. The company is based in Kirby Muxloe, Leicester.

The Bargain Buys name was first used in 2013 by Chris Edwards Sr. and Chris Edwards Jr., to be a subsidiary of the single-price chain they founded, Poundworld. In 2015, TPG Capital purchased a majority stake in Poundworld and Bargain Buys, the chain went into administration in 2018, with all locations closed.

Later in 2018, Poundstretcher trademarked and began opening new stores nationwide as 'Bargain Buys'. A legal dispute between Poundstretcher and businessman Manni Hussain (who purchased the Poundworld intellectual property assets) began over the 'Bargain Buys' trademark. Poundstretcher won the suit as the 'Bargain Buys' name had not been previously trademarked by Poundworld.

Home Bargains
53°27′51.6″N 2°53′57″W﻿ / ﻿53.464333°N 2.89917°W﻿ / 53.464333; -2.89917

T.J. Morris Limited, trading as Home Bargains, is a British variety store and garden centre chain founded in 1976 by Tom Morris in Liverpool, England, as Home and Bargain.
Charles Goodall (businessman)
Captain Charles Goodall (20 December 1824 – 12 July 1899) was an American businessman and politician. Along with George C. Perkins and Christopher Nelson, he founded the Pacific Coast Steamship Company. Goodall, Nelson and Perkins controlled much of the shipping industry from Alaska to Mexico during the late 19th century building steamships, wharfs and railroads. At their peak they employed over 2,000 people. Goodall served as Harbormaster of San Francisco from 1862 to 1864 and then served in the California's 8th State Assembly district from 1871 to 1873. In 1885, he became one of the first twenty-five trustees of Stanford University.

Pacific Coast Railway
The Pacific Coast Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge railway on the Central Coast of California. The original 10-mile (16 km) link from San Luis Obispo to Avila Beach and Port Harford was later built southward to Santa Maria and Los Olivos, with branches to Sisquoc and Guadalupe.
St Andrew's Church, Bywell
St Andrew's Church is an  Anglican church in the village of Bywell, Northumberland, England.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.

Bywell
Bywell is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne opposite Stocksfield, between Hexham and Newcastle. The parish has a population of around 380 and Newton to the north is now its most populous settlement.
Buses in Milton Keynes
Buses in Milton Keynes are run by a mixture of operators on a network of urban and rural routes in and around the Milton Keynes urban area. These services have a varied history involving five different companies. At the foundation of the 'New City' in 1967 and for some years afterwards, Milton Keynes was served by a rural bus service between and to the pre-existing towns. Apart from a small-scale experimental service, urban buses arrived on the scene with deregulation in 1986. Since April 2010 the core local services have been provided by Arriva Shires & Essex. Long-distance coach services also serve MK, often via the Milton Keynes Coachway located near junction 14 of the M1 motorway.

Milton Keynes Central railway station
Milton Keynes Central railway station serves the city of Milton Keynes, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is a stop on the West Coast Main Line, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. The station is served by Avanti West Coast inter-city services and by West Midlands Trains regional services. This is the principal station for the city, one of seven serving its urban area.. It was opened on 17 May 1982.
Irma's injection
"Irma's injection" is the name given to the dream that Sigmund Freud dreamt on the night of July 23, 1895, and that he subsequently analyzed to arrive at his theory that dreams are wish fulfillments. He described his ideas on dream theory and provided his analysis of the dream, alongside other dreams from case studies, in his book The Interpretation of Dreams.

Freud later noted that "Irma's injection" was the first dream he had devoted a meticulous level of interpretation to. Although he spent much time analyzing it, he confessed that his interpretation had gaps and did not completely uncover the meaning of his dream.

Wish fulfillment
Wish fulfillment is the satisfaction of a desire through an involuntary thought process. It can occur in dreams or in daydreams, in the symptoms of neurosis, or in the hallucinations of psychosis. This satisfaction is often indirect and requires interpretation to recognize.

Sigmund Freud coined the term (Wunscherfüllung) in 1900 in an early text titled The Interpretation of Dreams. It corresponds to a core principle of Freud’s Dream Theory. According to Freud, wish fulfillment occurs when unconscious desires are repressed by the ego and superego. This repression often stems from guilt and taboos imposed by society. Dreams are attempts by the unconscious to resolve some repressed conflict.
Africasia (mite)
Africasia is a genus of mites belonging to the family Athienemanniidae.

The species of this genus are found in Africa.

Species:

Africasia acuticoxalis

Africasia comorosensis Smit & Pešić, 2010

Africasia mahadensis Cook, 1967

Africasia navina Cook, 1967

Africasia pinguipalpis Cook, 1967

Africasia rotunda Smit, 2017

Africasia rucira Cook, 1967

Africasia ruksa Cook, 1967

Africasia subterranea Cook, 1967

Africasia vietnamitica

Athienemanniidae
Athienemanniidae is a family of mites belonging to the order Trombidiformes.

Genera:

Africasia Viets, 1931

Anamundamella Cook, 1992

Athienemannia Viets, 1920

Bleptomundamella Cook, 2001

Chelohydracarus Smith, 1998

Chelomideopsis Romijn, 1920

Davecookia Harvey, 2003

Janszoonia Smit, 2007

Mellamunda Harvey, 1988

Mundamella Viets, 1913

Notomundamella Cook, 1986

Penemundamella Cook, 2001

Phreatohydracarus Tanasachi & Orghidan, 1955

Platyhydracarus Smith, 1989

Plaumannia Lundblad, 1936

Stygameracarus Smith, 1990

Stygohydracarus Viets, 1932
Walter Gropius
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (German: [ˈvaltɐ ˈadɔlf ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈɡʁoːpiʊs]; 18 May 1883 – 5 July 1969) was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of Bauhaus in Weimar and taught there for several years, becoming known as a leading proponent of the International Style. Gropius emigrated from Germany to England in 1934 and from England to the United States in 1937, where he spent much of the rest of his life teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In the United States he worked on several projects with Marcel Breuer and with the firm The Architects Collaborative, of which he was a founding partner. In 1959, he won the AIA Gold Medal, one of the most prestigious awards in architecture.

Alan I W Frank House
The Alan I W Frank House is a private residence in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, designed by Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius and partner Marcel Breuer, two of the pioneering masters of 20th-century architecture and design. This spacious, multi-level residence, its furnishings and landscaping were all created by Gropius and Breuer as a 'Total Work of Art.' In size and completeness, it is unrivaled. It was their most important residential commission, and it is virtually the same today as when it was built in 1939–40, original and authentic.
Gwgon ap Meurig
Gwgon ap Meurig (died c. 870/871) was a 9th-century king of Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi (i.e., Seisyllwg) in southwest Wales.

Gwgon was the son of the former king Meurig ap Dyfnwallon and inherited the realm on the death of his father.

Gwgon's sister Angharad married King Rhodri the Great of Gwynedd. Gwgon is recorded by the annals as drowning around 871. The Chronicle of the Princes places his death in the entry for 870 and says he drowned crossing the River Llychwr in Gower while fighting Viking invaders.

Contrary to Welsh law, rule was then reported to have passed to Angharad's son Cadell as a subordinate king to his father.

Cadell ap Rhodri
Cadell ap Rhodri (854–909) was King of Seisyllwg, a minor kingdom in southwestern Wales, from about 872 until his death. The son of Rhodri Mawr, King of Gwynedd, Cadell was in turn the father of Hywel Dda, who eventually came to rule most of Wales and caused Welsh laws to be codified. Cadell is considered the founder of the Welsh royal House of Dinefwr.
Newbury (UK Parliament constituency)
Newbury is a constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, located in the English county of Berkshire. It was created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and has been in continual existence since then. It has been represented by Lee Dillon of the Liberal Democrats since 2024.

Reading West (UK Parliament constituency)
Reading West was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Its area was transferred to the new constituencies of Earley and Woodley (Whitley ward), Reading Central (Battle, Minster and Southcote wards), and Reading West and Mid Berkshire (all other wards). These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.
Trace (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the trace of a square matrix A, denoted tr(A), is the sum of the elements on its main diagonal, . It is only defined for a square matrix (n × n).

The trace of a matrix is the sum of its eigenvalues (counted with multiplicities). Also, tr(AB) = tr(BA) for any matrices A and B of the same size. Thus, similar matrices have the same trace. As a consequence, one can define the trace of a linear operator mapping a finite-dimensional vector space into itself, since all matrices describing such an operator with respect to a basis are similar.

The trace is related to the derivative of the determinant (see Jacobi's formula).

Diagonal matrix
In linear algebra, a diagonal matrix is a matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero; the term usually refers to square matrices. Elements of the main diagonal can either be zero or nonzero. An example of a 2×2 diagonal matrix is , while an example of a 3×3 diagonal matrix is. An identity matrix of any size, or any multiple of it is a diagonal matrix called a scalar matrix, for example, . 
In geometry, a diagonal matrix may be used as a scaling matrix, since matrix multiplication with it results in changing scale (size) and possibly also shape; only a scalar matrix results in uniform change in scale.
European Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation
The European Commissioner for Startups, Research and Innovation is a member of the European Commission. The portfolio was previously titled European Commissioner for Education, Culture, Youth and Sport until 2019 when it was merged with the European Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation to form its current title.

Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture
The Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture (DG EAC; formerly the Directorate-General for Education and Culture) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission.

The Education, Youth, Sport and Culture Directorate-General is responsible of policies in the field of education, youth, culture, languages, and sport.
Coalinga, California
Coalinga (/ˌkoʊ.əˈlɪŋɡə/ or /kəˈlɪŋɡə/) is a city in the Pleasant Valley in Fresno County and the western San Joaquin Valley, in central California about 80 miles (128 km) southeast of Salinas.

It was formerly known as Coaling Station A, Coalingo, and Coalinga Station.

The population was 17,590 as of the 2020 census, up from 13,380 at the 2010 census. It is the site of both Pleasant Valley State Prison and Coalinga State Hospital.

California State Route 198
State Route 198 (SR 198) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from U.S. Route 101 (US 101) south of King City to Generals Highway in Sequoia National Park. It connects the California Central Coast to the mid–Central Valley through Hanford and Visalia, although the most developed portion is in the Central Valley itself. SR 198 intersects the major north–south routes in the Central Valley, including Interstate 5 (I-5), SR 33, and SR 99.

The highway that would become SR 198 was approved for construction in the 1910s through three bond issues, and was added to the state highway system in 1934. Parts of the highway were upgraded to freeway during the 1960s. Another portion was converted to an expressway in between Hanford and Visalia, and was completed in late 2012.
Whitechurch, Dublin
Whitechurch (Irish: An Teampall Geal) is a small suburban area on the southside of Dublin, in the local government area of South Dublin.  It is situated south of Ballyboden, east of Edmondstown and west of Marlay Park. The greater part of the area lies north of the M50 semi-orbital motorway, with some remote parts merging into the mountainous districts of Tibradden and Kilmashogue south of the road, all at the foot of the Dublin mountains. Whitechurch is part of the greater Rathfarnham area. Whitechurch is also the name of a townland and civil parish.

Ballyboden
Ballyboden (Irish: Baile Buadáin, meaning 'Boden Town') is a locality within the suburb of Rathfarnham, County Dublin, at the foot of the Dublin Mountains between Whitechurch, Ballyroan and Knocklyon. It is in the local government area of South Dublin, and is a townland in the civil parish of Rathfarnham in the barony of Uppercross.
Jim Beam
Jim Beam is a brand of bourbon whiskey produced in Kentucky by the Japanese distilled beverage conglomerate, Suntory Global Spirits.

It is one of the best-selling brands of bourbon in the world. Since 1795 (interrupted by Prohibition), seven generations of the Beam family have been involved in whiskey production for the company that produces the brand. The brand name became "Jim Beam" in 1943 in honor of James B. Beam, who rebuilt the business after Prohibition ended. Previously produced by the Beam family and later owned by the Fortune Brands holding company, the brand was purchased by Suntory Holdings in 2014.

Suntory Global Spirits
Suntory Global Spirits Inc., formerly known as Beam Suntory, Inc., and before that as Beam, Inc., is an American beverage company that is a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings, a Japanese multinational beverage conglomerate. The company produces alcoholic beverages.

It is the third-largest producer of distilled beverages worldwide, behind Diageo and Pernod Ricard. The company's principal products include Bourbon whiskey, Japanese whisky, Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, Canadian whisky, tequila, vodka, cognac, rum, gin, cordials, and ready-to-drink pre-mixed cocktails.
Chigi Chapel
The Chigi Chapel or Chapel of the Madonna of Loreto (Italian: Cappella Chigi or Cappella della Madonna di Loreto) is the second chapel on the left-hand side of the nave in the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. It is the only religious building of Raphael which has been preserved in its near original form. The chapel is a treasure trove of Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and is ranked among the most important monuments in the basilica.

Jonah (Lorenzetto)
The statue of Jonah and the whale is an Italian Renaissance sculpture in marble by Lorenzetto in the niche to the left of the altar in the Chigi Chapel of the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. The sculptor followed the original designs of his mentor, Raphael, who was the architect of the chapel. This is the only sculpture that Raphael himself designed and was executed according to his intentions.