hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Secretary of State for the Colonies
The secretary of state for the colonies or colonial secretary was the Cabinet of the United Kingdom's minister in charge of managing certain parts of the British Empire.

The colonial secretary never had responsibility for the provinces and princely states of India, which had its own secretary of state.

From 1768 until 1966, the secretary of state was supported by an under-secretary of state for the colonies (at times an under-secretary of state for war and the colonies), and latterly by a minister of state.

Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet-level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India). The Secretary was supported by an Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies.
Parshuram Mishra
Parshuram Mishra (25 January 1894 – 4 August 1981) was an Indian botanist, educationist and the first vice chancellor of the Sambalpur University. He completed his college studies at the University of Calcutta in 1961 and secured a doctoral degree (PhD) from the University of Leeds, the first person from Odisha to secure a doctoral degree from the university. He is a former member of faculty at Leeds during which period he published several botanical articles. Returning to India, he became the vice chancellor of Utkal University. When the Government of Odisha started Sambalpur University in 1967, Mishra was made the first vice chancellor.

The Government of India honoured him in 1960, with the award of Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award for his services to the nation. Dr. P. M. Institute of Advanced Study in Education, an institution started in 1988 for advanced studies in education is named after him.

Sambalpur University
Sambalpur University is a public research university located in Burla town, of district Sambalpur, India, in the state of Odisha. Popularly known as Jyoti Vihar, it offers courses at the undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral (Ph.D.) levels. The governor of Odisha is the chancellor of the university. The campus is located 15 km away from Sambalpur.
Self Against City
Self Against City was a pop rock band from Sacramento, California best known for their single "The Process." They formed in 2004 and were the first band to sign to Rushmore Records. The five-piece band made an EP (2005's Take It How You Want It), as well as a full-length album Telling Secrets to Strangers (2007).

Houston Calls
Houston Calls was an American rock band, based in Rockaway, New Jersey, United States. They formed in 2003 and were signed to Rushmore Records (a subsidiary of Drive-Thru Records). On June 9, 2009, they announced their official breakup.
Loretta Sanchez
Loretta Lorna Sanchez (born January 7, 1960) is an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2017, representing parts of central Orange County, California. A member of the Democratic Party, she was first elected in 1996, when she defeated long-serving Republican U.S. Representative Bob Dornan by fewer than 1,000 votes. During her time in the House of Representatives, Sanchez was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition of moderate-to-conservative Democrats.

Sanchez chose not to run for re-election to the House in 2016, instead opting to run in the state's U.S. Senate race. She was defeated in the general election by fellow Democrat, California Attorney General and future U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris, 61.6% to 38.4%.

She is the sister of Linda Sánchez, who currently represents California's 38th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Van Tran
Van Thai Tran (Vietnamese: Trần Thái Văn; born October 19, 1964) is a Vietnamese American attorney and politician in California, formerly serving as a Republican member of the California State Assembly, representing portions of Orange County. Tran was the highest-ranking Vietnamese American elected official was the highest-ranking Vietnamese American elected official in U.S. history along with Hubert Vo until Joseph Cao was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2008. Tran took office one month before Vo did, making him the first Vietnamese American to serve in a state legislature. He served in the Assembly as Assistant Republican Leader.
KBSI
KBSI (channel 23) is a television station licensed to Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for Southeastern Missouri, the Purchase area of Western Kentucky, Southern Illinois, and Northwest Tennessee. It is owned by the Community News Media subsidiary of Standard Media alongside Paducah, Kentucky–licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WDKA (channel 49); Sinclair Broadcast Group operates the two stations under a shared services agreement (SSA). KBSI and WDKA share studios on Enterprise Street in Cape Girardeau; KBSI's transmitter is located in unincorporated Cape Girardeau County north of the city.

Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Cape Girardeau (/dʒɪˈrɑːrdoʊ/ jirr-AR-doh, French: Cap-Girardeau [kap ʒiʁaʁdo] ⓘ; colloquially referred to as "Cape") is a city in Cape Girardeau and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 39,540 at the 2020 census, making it the 17th-largest city in the state. It is a principal city of the Cape Girardeau–Jackson metropolitan area with 97,517 residents. Cape Girardeau is the economic center of southeastern Missouri and the home of Southeast Missouri State University. It is located approximately 100 miles (160 km) southeast of St. Louis and 150 miles (240 km) north of Memphis, Tennessee.
Ferrell Edmunds
Ferrell Edmunds Jr. (born April 16, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Maryland Terrapins and was selected by the Miami Dolphins in the third round of the 1988 NFL draft.

Edmunds currently coaches the varsity football program at Dan River High School in Ringgold, Virginia. His three sons Trey, Terrell and Tremaine have all played in the NFL. Tremaine plays for the Chicago Bears. Terrell plays for the Tennessee Titans.

Edmunds graduated from George Washington High School (Danville, Virginia) in 1983.

Trey Edmunds
Ferrell "Trey" Edmunds III (born December 30, 1994) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies and Maryland Terrapins and signed with the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2017.
Palau Sant Jordi
Palau Sant Jordi (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈlaw ˈsaɲ ˈʒɔɾði], English: St. George's Palace) is an indoor sporting arena and multi-purpose installation that is part of the Olympic Ring complex located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by the Japanese architect Arata Isozaki, it was opened in 1990. The maximum seating capacity of the arena is 17,960. Since the inauguration, it is the largest indoor arena by capacity in Spain.

The Palau Sant Jordi was one of the main venues of the  Summer Olympics hosting the artistic gymnastics, handball, and volleyball events. Today, it is used for a variety of indoor sport events as well as for concerts and other cultural activities, due to its great flexibility.

Arata Isozaki
Arata Isozaki (磯崎 新, Isozaki Arata; 23 July 1931 – 28 December 2022) was a Japanese architect, urban designer, and theorist from Ōita. He was awarded the Royal Gold Medal in 1986 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2019. He taught at Columbia University, Harvard University, and Yale University.
Newsweb Corporation
Newsweb Corporation is a printer of ethnic and alternative newspapers in the United States, based in Chicago, Illinois. The company also owns AM 750 WNDZ.  Newsweb was founded in 1971 by Chicago entrepreneur, political activist, and philanthropist Fred Eychaner to continue his printing business.

WCPY
WCPY (92.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Arlington Heights, Illinois, and serving the Chicago metropolitan area. WCPY airs a Polish language format during the daytime, as "Polski FM", while airing a dance hits format at night known as "Dance Factory FM".

The station is owned by Rhythm Enterprises LLC. WCPY transmits on a tower with WPPN and WPNA-FM in nearby Buffalo Grove at 1,800 watts.
River Tolka
The River Tolka (/ˈtɔːlkə/; Irish: An Tulca, "the flood"), also once spelled Tolga, is one of Dublin's three main rivers, flowing from County Meath to Fingal within the old County Dublin, and through the north of Dublin city, Ireland (the other main rivers are the Liffey and the Dodder). By flow of water, the Tolka is the second largest river in Dublin, following the Liffey, but runs more slowly than the Dodder.

River Liffey
The River Liffey (Irish: An Life, historically An Ruirthe(a)ch) is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of Dublin to its mouth within Dublin Bay. Its major tributaries include the River Dodder, the River Poddle and the River Camac. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and supports a range of recreational activities.
Takachiho, Miyazaki
Takachiho (高千穂町, Takachiho-chō) is a town in Nishiusuki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2023, the town has an estimated population of 11,065 in 4865 households, and a  population density of 47 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 237.54 square kilometres (91.71 sq mi).

Amanoiwato Shrine
Amanoiwato-jinja (天岩戸神社) is a Shinto shrine located in Takachiho, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu and sits above the gorge containing Ama-no-Iwato, the cave where, according to Japanese legend, the goddess hid after battle with her brother, plunging the world into darkness until lured out by the spirit of merriment Ame-no-Uzume.

The Amano-Iwato cave is an object of worship in festivals and is a rock cave on the other side of the Iwato River from nishihongū. You can see the cave from nishihongū after participating in a Shinto ritual for purification.
Pat Healy (fighter)
Patrick "Pat" Healy (born July 20, 1983) is an American professional retired mixed martial artist who last competed in the Lightweight division of ACB. A professional competitor since 2001, Healy has also formerly competed for the UFC, Strikeforce, the WEC, the IFL, the MFC, King of the Cage, Titan FC and Shark Fights. His twin brother, Ryan, is also a professional mixed martial artist. Healy holds notable wins over Dan Hardy, Paul Daley, and Carlos Condit.

Ryan Healy
Ryan Healy (born July 20, 1983) is a retired American professional mixed martial artist who has competed for many promotions including Strikeforce, WEC, Shine Fights, and Full Contact Fighting Federation. He is also the twin brother of mixed-martial artist and Team Quest teammate Pat Healy.
All India Tennis Association
The All India Tennis Association, aka AITA, is the governing body of tennis in India. It was established in 1920 and affiliated by International Tennis Federation and Asian Tennis Federation.

All India Tennis Association operates all of the Indian national representative tennis sides, including the India Davis Cup team, the India Fed Cup team and youth sides as well. AITA is also responsible for organising and hosting tennis tournaments within India and scheduling the home international fixtures.

National Lawn Tennis Championships of India
The National Lawn Tennis Championships of India, originally called the All India Championships, or the All India Lawn Tennis Championships and the Indian National Championships, was a combined (men's and women's) tennis tournament. It was played from 1910 until 1999. It was held in various cities in, India and was played outdoor on multiple surfaces, but mainly grass courts.

Ramanathan Krishnan won most men's singles championships with eight titles overall, and, during the pre-Open era Jenny Sandison and Leela Row won the most women's singles championships with seven titles each, while Nirupama Mankad won the most titles during the open era with five titles.
Ilkeston Grammar School
Ilkeston Grammar School was a selective co-educational secondary school, admission being dependent on passing the 11-plus examination. It stood on King George Avenue, Ilkeston, in the south east of Derbyshire in the East Midlands of England.

The photograph in the infobox shows the original school, now known as the 'King George Building' of Ormiston Ilkeston Enterprise Academy, seen from the junction of King George Avenue and Scarborough Avenue, c.2002.

George H. Widdows
George H. Widdows (15 October 1871 – 11 February 1946) was an English architect who pioneered changes to school building design to enhance the health of school children. He was also responsible for the design of about 80 schools in Derbyshire, where he became Chief Architect.
John Thornton Augustine Washington
John Thornton Augustine Washington (May 20, 1783 – October 9, 1841) was a prominent Virginia (now West Virginia) farmer who served a term in the Virginia House of Delegates. Washington was a grandnephew of George Washington, first President of the United States.

Cedar Lawn
Cedar Lawn, also known as Berry Hill and Poplar Hill, is one of several houses built near Charles Town, West Virginia for members of the Washington family.  Cedar Lawn was built in 1825 for John Thornton Augustine Washington, George Washington's grand-nephew.  The property was originally part of the Harewood estate belonging to Samuel Washington.  The property that eventually became Cedar Lawn was left to Samuel's son, Thornton Washington, who built "Berry Hill", named for his wife's family. Berry Hill was destroyed by fire, and John Thornton Augustine built Cedar Lawn when he inherited.

In the 1940s, the house was bought by R.J. Funkhouser, an industrialist who had a taste for Washington family estates, who also owned Blakeley and Claymont Court.  The property remains in the Funkhouser family and is known as O'Sullivan Farms, after Funkhouser's principal venture, the O'Sullivan Corporation.
Valdisotto
Valdisotto (Lombard: Val de Sota) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) northeast of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Sondrio.

Valdisotto borders the following municipalities: Bormio, Grosio, Sondalo, Valdidentro, Valfurva.

Valfurva
Valfurva (Lombard: Valforba) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) northeast of Milan and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Sondrio, in the Alps. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,725 and an area of 215.9 square kilometres (83.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Valfurva contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Uzza, San Nicolò, Sant'Antonio, San Gottardo, Madonna dei Monti, and Santa Caterina.

Valfurva borders the following municipalities: Bormio, Martell, Peio, Ponte di Legno, Sondalo, Stilfs, Valdisotto.
Angus & Julia Stone
Angus & Julia Stone is an Australian folk and indie pop group, formed in 2006 by brother and sister Angus and Julia Stone. Angus & Julia Stone have released five studio albums and a soundtrack album: A Book Like This (2007), Down the Way (2010), Angus & Julia Stone (2014), Snow (2017), Life Is Strange (2021) and Cape Forestier (2024). At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010, they won five awards from nine nominations: Album of the Year, Best Adult Alternative Album, Best Cover Art and Producer of the Year for Down the Way, and Single of the Year for "Big Jet Plane". The siblings have also issued solo albums.

Julia Stone
Julia Stone (born 13 April 1984) is an Australian folk singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She is a sister of Angus Stone, with whom she has collaborated in professional music, and is also a solo musician. Her debut solo album, The Memory Machine, was released in September 2010. Her second solo album, By the Horns, was released in May 2012, and peaked at No. 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart.
Number One Crossbar Switching System
The Number One Crossbar Switching System (1XB), was the primary technology for urban telephone exchanges served by the Bell System in the mid-20th century. Its switch fabric used the electromechanical crossbar switch to implement the topology of the panel switching system of the 1920s. The first No. 1 Crossbar was installed in the PResident-2 central office at Troy Avenue in Brooklyn, New York which became operational in February 1938.

Class-4 telephone switch
A class-4, or tandem, telephone switch is a U.S. telephone company central office telephone exchange used to interconnect local exchange carrier offices for long distance communications in the public switched telephone network.

A class-4 switch does not connect directly to telephones; instead, it connects to other class-4 switches and to class-5 telephone switches. The telephones of service subscribers are wired to class-5 switches. When a call is placed to a telephone that is not on the same class-5 switch as the originating subscriber, the call may be routed through one or more class-4 switches to reach its destination.
Aqueous two-phase system
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) or aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are clean alternatives for traditional organic-water solvent extraction systems.

ABS are formed when either two polymers, one polymer and one kosmotropic salt, or two salts (one chaotropic salt and the other a kosmotropic salt) are mixed at appropriate concentrations or at a particular temperature.  The two phases are mostly composed of water and non volatile components, thus eliminating volatile organic compounds.   They have been used for many years in biotechnological applications as non-denaturing and benign separation media. Recently, it has been found that ATPS can be used for separations of metal ions like mercury and cobalt, carbon nanotubes, environmental remediation, metallurgical applications and as a reaction media.

Dextran
Dextran is a complex branched glucan (polysaccharide derived from the condensation of glucose), originally derived from wine. IUPAC defines dextrans as "Branched poly-α-d-glucosides of microbial origin having glycosidic bonds predominantly C-1 → C-6". Dextran chains are of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons).

The polymer main chain consists of α-1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers, with branches from α-1,3 linkages. This characteristic branching distinguishes a dextran from a dextrin, which is a straight chain glucose polymer tethered by α-1,4 or α-1,6 linkages.
Qidong, Jiangsu
Qidong is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Nantong in southeastern Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the north side of the Yangtze River opposite Shanghai and forms a peninsula jutting out into the East China Sea. It has a population of 967,313 in 2020.

The center of the city is named Huilong Township. It also has a well-known fishing port called Lüsi town, named after Lü Dongbin, one of the eight immortals, who is said to have visited the place four times. Qidong's Qilong township was formerly a separate island in the Yangtze called Yonglongsha but now forms a pene-enclave on Chongming Island, most of which belongs to Shanghai.

Chongming Island
Chongming (Chinese: 崇明岛), formerly romanized as Chungming, is an alluvial island at the mouth of the Yangtze River in East China covering 1,267 square kilometers (489 sq mi) as of 2010. Together with the islands Changxing and Hengsha, it forms Chongming District, the northernmost area of the provincial-level municipality of Shanghai. At the time of the 2010 Chinese census, its population was 660,000.

A 20-kilometer-long (12 mi) stretch of the north shore of the island is not part of Chongming District of Shanghai but are instead two pene-exclaves of Jiangsu, formed by the connection of Chongming to the formerly-separate island of Yonglongsha.
Al Wasl F.C.
Al-Wasl Football Club (Arabic: نادي الوصل لكرة القدم) is an Emirati professional football club based in Zabeel, Dubai that competes in the UAE Pro League.

The club plays its home games at Zabeel Stadium. Al-Wasl is amongst the most successful teams in the UAE, winning eight league titles since its establishment, with its most recent in 2024.

The club gained significant international attention in 2011 and 2012, while Diego Maradona was the club's head coach.

Zuhair Bakheet
Zuhair Saeed Bakheet-Bilal (Arabic: زُهَيْر سَعِيد بَخِيت بِلَال, also spelled as Bakhit; born 13 July 1967) is a retired Emirati footballer who played as a striker for the United Arab Emirates national football team and Al Wasl in Dubai. He started playing for the national team in 1988 and retired from international football in 2001. He played in 5 Arabian Gulf Cup, 3 AFC Asian Cup of nations, and the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy.
Maryland Defense Force
The Maryland Defense Force (MDDF) is the state defense force for the state of Maryland. The MDDF is organized as a state military reserve organization organized parallel to the Maryland National Guard and is designed to augment the National Guard during stateside emergencies. However, as a state defense force, the MDDF is solely under control of the State of Maryland and cannot be federalized or deployed outside the borders of Maryland.

Maryland Air National Guard
The Maryland Air National Guard (MD ANG) is the aerial militia of the U.S. state of Maryland, and a reserve component of the United States Air Force. It is, along with the Maryland Army National Guard, an element of the Maryland National Guard.

As state militia units, the units in the Maryland Air National Guard are not actively in the United States Air Force chain of command until federalized. They are under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Maryland through the office of the Maryland Adjutant General unless they are federalized by order of the President of the United States.  The Maryland Air National Guard is headquartered at Martin State Air National Guard Base in Middle River, Maryland, and its commander is Brigadier General Drew Dougherty.
Kate Augestad
Kate Elisabeth Augestad (born 1956) is a Norwegian vocalist known from bands like Johnny Banan Band and Program 81/82, and the mother of mezzo-soprano, vocalist, actress and conductor Tora Augestad (b. 1979).

Augestad was born in Bergen.  After her singing career, she became assistant professor at University of Bergen, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, and "Handelshøyskolen BI" in Bergen. She has also appeared as an actor at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen.

Tora Augestad
Tora Karen Elisabeth Augestad (born 10 December 1979) is a Norwegian mezzosoprano, musical conductor and actor. One of Norway's most established classical singers, she focuses on jazz, musical theater, contemporary music, and cabaret. Her stage debut was the lead role in "Annie" in 1994, and won the Norwegian talent competition in 1993 at TV 2. Augestad has received Spellemannprisen (Norwegian Grammy Award) and other awards for her albums. She is a frequent collaborator of Norwegian composer Marcus Paus.