hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
VR Snabbtåg Sverige
VR Snabbtåg Sverige (lit. 'VR High-Speed Train Sweden'), formerly MTRX, is a Swedish company running open access intercity railway services between Gothenburg and Stockholm. It is a subsidiary of the Finnish state-owned railway company VR Group, connected to its Swedish subsidiary VR Sverige.

MTR Corporation
MTR Corporation Limited is a majority government-owned public transport operator and property developer in Hong Kong which operates the Mass Transit Railway, the most popular public transport network in Hong Kong. It is listed on the Hong Kong Exchange and is a component of the Hang Seng Index. The MTR additionally invests in railways across different parts of the world, including franchised contracts to operate rapid transit systems in Beijing, Hangzhou, Macao, Shenzhen, Sydney, and a suburban rail system in Melbourne.
Kodam III/Siliwangi
Military Regional Command III/Siliwangi (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Militer III/Siliwangi or Kodam III/Siliwangi) is an Indonesian Army Regional Military Command that covers Banten and West Java province.

The division was formed during the Indonesian National Revolution by what was then known as the People's Security Army (TKR). It was stationed in West Java where much of its membership was recruited, and bore the name of a 15th-century kingdom located in this area and of that kingdom's King Siliwangi.  it became a Territorial Division (Soldier & Territorium) on 24 July 1950, and a military regional command, or KODAM, in 1959.

Military Regional Command
The Indonesian Military Regional Commands (Indonesian: Komando Daerah Militer; abbreviated Kodam) also known officially as Military Area Commands are military districts of the Indonesian Army that function for the territorial defense of various regions within the country. They cover one or multiple provinces.
Catherine of Brandenburg
Catherine of Brandenburg (28 May 1602 – 27 August 1649) was an elected Princess of Transylvania between 1629 and 1630. She was the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna of Prussia.

John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
John Sigismund (German: Johann Sigismund; 8 November 1572 – 23 December 1619) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He became the Duke of Prussia through his marriage to Duchess Anna, the eldest daughter of Duke Albert Frederick of Prussia who died without sons. Their marriage resulted in the potential creation of Brandenburg-Prussia, which became a reality after Poland's leader appointed John Sigismund in charge of Prussia in regency and, shortly thereafter, Albert Frederick died without an able, direct male heir.
Whitby Mudstone
The Whitby Mudstone is a Toarcian (Early Jurassic; Falciferum-Bifrons in regional chronostratigraphy) geological formation in Yorkshire and Worcestershire, England. The formation, part of the Lias Group, is present in the Cleveland and Worcester Basins and the East Midlands Shelf.

Lias Group
The Lias Group or Lias is a lithostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata) found in a large area of western Europe, including the British Isles, the North Sea, the Low Countries and the north of Germany. It consists of marine limestones, shales, marls and clays.

Lias is a Middle English term for hard limestone, used in this specific sense by geologists since 1833. In the past, geologists used Lias not only for the sequence of rock layers, but also for the timespan during which they were formed. It was thus an alternative name for the Early Jurassic epoch of the geologic timescale. It is now more specifically known that the Lias is Rhaetian to Toarcian in age (over a period of c. 20 million years between 200 to 180 million years ago) and thus also includes a part of the Triassic. The use of the name "Lias" for a unit of time is therefore slowly disappearing.
Tanlis Mardates
Tanlis Mardates, or Tanlis Maidates (ΤΑΝΛΙC ΜΑΙΔΑTΗC, ruled circa 80-40 BC), was the governor of the Arsacid provinces of Sakastan and Arachosia. He might have been of Parthian, or perhaps of Saka origin. The Parthian Empire had been ruling the region of Sakastan since the victory of Mithridates II  (124–88 BCE) over the Sakas, and these "Satraps" (another one was probably Cheiroukes) governed in the area until the establishment of the dynasty of Gondophares (19-46 CE).

Tanlis Mardates minted coins with portraits of him and a certain Rangodeme, probably his wife. He was probably the last Arsacid governor of the area before the rise of the dynasty of the Indo-Parthian ruler Gondophares (r. 19–46).

He ruled west of the territory of Sapadbizes.

The portrait from his coinage is thought to illustrate the armour and headgear of Parthian cataphracts: his coins show a low, oval helmet, with a neckguard and a plume.

Gondophares
Gondophares I (Greek: Γονδοφαρης Gondopharēs, Υνδοφερρης Hyndopherrēs; Kharosthi: 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨥𐨪 Gu-da-pha-ra, Gudaphara; 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨥𐨪𐨿𐨣 Gu-da-pha-rna, Gudapharna; 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨂𐨵𐨪 Gu-du-vha-ra, Guduvhara) was the founder of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom and its most prominent king, ruling from 19 to 46. He probably belonged to a line of local princes who had governed the Parthian province of Drangiana since its disruption by the Indo-Scythians in c. 129 BC, and may have been a member of the House of Suren. During his reign, his kingdom became independent from Parthian authority and was transformed into an empire, which encompassed Drangiana, Arachosia, and Gandhara. He is generally known from the Acts of Thomas, the Takht-i-Bahi inscription, and  silver and copper coins bearing his visage.

He was succeeded in Drangiana and Arachosia by Orthagnes, and in Gandhara by his nephew Abdagases I.
Iron Moulders' Society of South Africa
The Iron Moulders' Society of South Africa (IMS) was a trade union representing metalworkers in South Africa.

The union was founded in 1896.  It was strongly focused on the rights of white workers, and sought to exclude others from working as moulders.  In 1913, one "coloured" moulder was admitted to the union, against the opposition of some members, on the grounds that he presented as being white.  It also campaigned for higher wages, longer holidays, and against piece work.

By 1980, the union was affiliated to the Trade Union Council of South Africa, and had 2,378 members.  The majority were white, but a substantial minority were now "coloured" or Asian.  In 1995, it merged with the Amalgamated Engineering Union of South Africa, the Engineering, Industrial and Mining Workers' Union, and the South African Boilermakers' Society, to form the National Employees' Trade Union.

Engineering Industrial Workers' Union
The Engineering Industrial Workers' Union (EIWU) was a trade union representing engineering workers in South Africa.

The Iron and Steel and Metal Workers' Union became the No 5 branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union of South Africa (AEU) in 1947.  However, the expelled its non-white members in 1957.  They joined the now-independent No 5 branch en masse, and in 1961 this founded the Engineering Industrial Workers' Union.  It affiliated to the Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA), and grew rapidly: from 430 members in 1962, to 11,849 in 1980.

The union resigned from TUCSA in 1985, in protest at its focus on white workers.  It renamed itself as the Engineering, Industrial and Mining Workers' Union.  On 1 August 1995, it merged with the AEU, the Iron Moulders' Society of South Africa, and the South African Boilermakers' Society, to form the National Employees' Trade Union.
Yeonwoo
Lee Da-bin (Korean: 이다빈; born August 1, 1996), known professionally as Yeonwoo (연우), is a South Korean actress and singer managed by 9ato Entertainment. She is a former member of the South Korean girl group Momoland. She is currently active as an actress, best known for her roles in the television series including Pegasus Market (2019), Touch (2020), Cheat on Me If You Can (2020), The Golden Spoon (2022), Numbers (2023), Dog Knows Everything (2024) and The Tale of Lady Ok (2024–2025).

Pegasus Market
Pegasus Market (Korean: 쌉니다 천리마마트) is a 2019 South Korean television series based on Kim Gyu-sam's webtoon of the same name, starring Kim Byung-chul and Lee Dong-hwi. It aired on tvN every Friday at 23:00 (KST) from September 20 to December 6, 2019.
W. G. Fish
Walter George Fish CBE (3 June 1874 – 21 December 1947), known as W. G. Fish, edited a popular English daily newspaper. He and his second wife Margery Fish, who became a noted gardening author and plantswoman, established a cottage-style Somerset garden, East Lambrook Manor, which she further developed after his death. It remains much visited.

East Lambrook Manor
East Lambrook Manor is a small 15th-century manor house in East Lambrook, Somerset, England, registered by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building. It is surrounded by a "cottage garden" planted by Margery Fish between 1938 and her death in 1969. The garden is Grade I listed in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.
Daniel F. Newman
Daniel Francis Newman, Sr. (July 25, 1935 – March 13, 2009) was an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and as Mayor of Brick Township, New Jersey.

Newman was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of John and Bertha (McGee) Newman, and moved to Brick in 1959.  He owned two gas stations, a tire company, and a plumbing business.  He served on the Board of Education of the Brick Public Schools, the Brick Planning Board, and the Brick Zoning Board of Adjustment.

In 1973, Newman was elected to the State Assembly. He was re-elected in 1975 and 1977.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election to a fourth term in 1979, losing to Republican Hazel Gluck by 697 votes, 37,221-36,524.

Newman served as Chairman of the Assembly Education Committee.

He was elected Mayor of Brick in 1981 and re-elected in 1985.

He lost a bid for a third term in 1989.

Hazel Gluck
Hazel Sara Frank Gluck (born September 6, 1934) is an American Republican Party politician and lobbyist who served in the New Jersey General Assembly and held several posts in the cabinet of Governor Thomas Kean.  She was a top advisor to NJ Governor Christine Todd Whitman as well as a founding member of one of NJ's largest lobbying firms.
West Hampton Dunes, New York
West Hampton Dunes is an incorporated village in the Town of Southampton on Westhampton Island, in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Located off the South Shore of Long Island, the village's population was 126 at the time of the 2020 census.

Southampton, New York
Southampton, officially the Town of Southampton, is a town in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the town had a population of 69,036. Southampton is included in the stretch of shoreline prominently known as the Hamptons.

Stony Brook University has a campus in Southampton.
Madgaon Express
Madgaon Express is a 2024 Hindi-language crime comedy film written and directed by Kunal Khemu, in his directorial debut, and produced by Excel Entertainment. It stars an ensemble cast of Divyenndu, Pratik Gandhi, Avinash Tiwary, Nora Fatehi, Upendra Limaye and Chhaya Kadam.

Madgaon Express was theatrically released on 22 March 2024 to positive reviews from critics and grossed ₹57 crore worldwide.
It received four nominations at 70th Filmfare Awards including  Best Actor (Gandhi) and Best Debut Director (Khemu) .

Kunal Khemu
Kunal Khemu (born 25 May 1983) is an Indian film actor, writer, director, and singer-composer who works in Hindi cinema. Known for his comic timing, he has played roles in notable films including the Golmaal franchise, Kalyug, Dhol, Lootcase, Malang and Go Goa Gone. He made his debut as a writer and director with the comedy thriller Madgaon Express, for which he won IIFA Award and Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director.
Fire-control system
A fire-control system (FCS) is an integrated system of components that assists a gunner in executing tasks needed to achieve accurate firing by means of full or semi automation. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.

Frederic Dreyer
Admiral Sir Frederic Charles Dreyer (8 January 1878 – 11 December 1956) was an officer of the Royal Navy. A gunnery expert, he developed a fire control system for British warships, and served as flag captain to Admiral Sir John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland. He retired with the rank of admiral in 1943, having served through two world wars and having already retired once.
Wo soll ich fliehen hin, BWV 5
Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata (Bach) Wo soll ich fliehen hin (Where shall I flee), BWV 5, in Leipzig for the 19th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 15 October 1724. It is based on the penitential hymn "Wo soll ich fliehen hin" by Johann Heermann.

Wo soll ich fliehen hin belongs to Bach's chorale cantata cycle, the second cycle during his tenure as Thomaskantor that began in 1723. The text retains the first and 11th stanzas of the chorale unchanged, while the other stanzas were paraphrased into alternating recitatives and arias by an unknown librettist.

The cantata in seven movements is scored for SATB soloists and choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of tromba da tirarsi (slide trumpet), two oboes, strings and continuo.

Johann Heermann
Johann Heermann (11 October 1585 – 17 February 1647) was a German poet and hymnodist. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 26 October with Philipp Nicolai and Paul Gerhardt.
Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company
Charles R. McCormick Lumber Company was an American lumber company founded in 1908 by Charles R. McCormick in San Francisco, California.  The company maintained lumber operations for a time in Oregon, California, and in Washington State, where it also owned a logging railroad.  A related concern, the McCormick Steamship Company owned or operated a large number of ocean-going steamships.

Pope & Talbot, Inc.
Pope & Talbot, Inc. was a lumber company and shipping company founded by Andrew Jackson Pope and Frederic Talbot in 1849 in San Francisco, California. Pope and Talbot came to California in 1849 from East Machias, Maine. Pope & Talbot lumber company was very successful, with the high demand of the 1849 Gold Rush. Andrew Jackson Pope was born on Jan. 6, 1820, in East Machias, Maine, and died on Dec. 18, 1878, in San Francisco. Frederic Talbot was born on February 26, 1819, in  East Machias, Maine and died on December 20, 1907, in San Francisco.
Lorenzo Insigne
Lorenzo Insigne Cavaliere OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [loˈrɛntso inˈsiɲɲe]; born 4 June 1991) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a left winger, attacking midfielder or forward for Serie B club Pescara. He is known in particular for his creativity, versatility, short height, speed and technical ability, as well as his accuracy from free kicks.

Insigne began his professional career with Napoli in 2009, making his Serie A debut in 2010, but was later sent on consecutive season loan spells to Cavese, Foggia and Pescara, before returning to Napoli in 2012. After departing Napoli, he later moved to Major League Soccer side Toronto FC in 2022.

Insigne represented the Italy national under-21 team, with which he won a runner-up medal at the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He made his debut for the senior team in September 2012, and represented Italy at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2016, and UEFA Euro 2020, winning the latter tournament.

Delfino Pescara 1936
Delfino Pescara 1936, commonly referred to as Pescara, is a professional Italian football club based in Pescara, Abruzzo.

The club was formed in 1936 and currently plays in Serie B, following their victory in the 2024–25 Serie C promotion play-offs. Pescara has competed in seven seasons in Serie A, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2012–13 and last participated in 2016–17. The team's official colors are white and light blue varied between either azure or sky blue, manifested in striped shirts with white socks and shorts.
Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal
Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal is a July 1, 2019, document of the Apostolic Penitentiary, approved for promulgation on June 21, 2019, by Pope Francis, which explains that the internal forum of the sacrament of penance is sacred and that the inviolability of the Seal of the Confessional in the Catholic Church is absolute, in spite of civil law, as a matter of de fide dogma, and as part of freedom of religion and freedom of conscience. The aim of the Note is to fortify the feeling of trust on the part of people who go to confession.

Penance in the Catholic Church
The sacrament of penance (also commonly called the reconciliation or confession) is one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church (known in Eastern Christianity as sacred mysteries). Through this sacrament, the faithful are absolved of sins committed after baptism and reconciled with the Christian community. During reconciliation, mortal sins must be confessed and venial sins may be confessed for devotional reasons. According to the dogma and unchanging practice of the church, only those ordained as priests may grant absolution.
Sinocentrism
Sinocentrism refers to a worldview that China is the cultural, political, or economic center of the world. Sinocentrism was a core concept in various Chinese dynasties. The Chinese considered themselves to be "all-under-Heaven", ruled by the emperor, known as Son of Heaven. Those that lived outside of the Huaxia were regarded as "barbarians". In addition, states outside of China, such as Vietnam, Japan or Korea, were considered to be vassals of China.

Son of Heaven
Son of Heaven, or Tianzi (Chinese: 天子; pinyin: Tiānzǐ), was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign. It originated with the Zhou dynasty and was founded on the political and spiritual doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven. Since the Qin dynasty, the secular imperial title of the Son of Heaven was "Huangdi".

The title, "Son of Heaven", was subsequently adopted by other Sinospheric monarchs to justify their rule. The name Celestial Empire (or "Heavenly Dynasty") was also used in reference to the status of the Chinese emperor as the Son of Heaven in the Sinosphere.

The Son of Heaven was the supreme universal monarch, who ruled tianxia ("all under heaven"). His status is rendered in English as "ruler of the whole world."  The title, "Son of Heaven", was interpreted literally only in China and Japan, whose monarchs were referred to as demigods, deities, or "living gods", chosen by the gods and goddesses of heaven.
Overlander (train)
The Overlander was a long-distance rail passenger train between Auckland and Wellington in the North Island of New Zealand, along the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT). It was operated by Tranz Scenic. The service was replaced from Sunday 24 June 2012, by the Northern Explorer.

The Overlander replaced a previous service operated by RM class Silver Fern railcars on Monday 2 December 1991. Following the withdrawal of the overnight Northerner, it was the only regular passenger train on the NIMT between Pukekohe and Palmerston North. After being threatened with cessation itself in 2006, it gained significantly in popularity, partly because of increased tourism promotion for the service.

It was called one of the best-value scenic rail trips in the world by the British Guardian. It is also acknowledged as one of the world's classic scenic rail journeys.

Northern Explorer
The Northern Explorer is a long-distance passenger train operated by the Great Journeys New Zealand division of KiwiRail between Auckland and Wellington in the North Island of New Zealand, along the North Island Main Trunk (NIMT). Three services operate per week in each direction between Auckland's The Strand Station and Wellington railway station. The Northern Explorer replaced the Overlander from 25 June 2012.

It was suspended in December 2021, after suspension in August for COVID-19 lockdown. However, it restarted on 25 September 2022.
Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's foil
The men's foil competition in fencing at the 2012 Olympic Games in London was held on 31 July at the ExCeL London Exhibition Centre. There were 38 competitors from 20 nations. Lei Sheng of China won the gold medal, beating Alaaeldin Abouelkassem from Egypt in the final. It was the first medal in the individual men's foil for each of those nations. Choi Byung-chul of South Korea took bronze. The 2012 podium was the first time since 1904 that no European fencer won a medal in the event.

Lei Sheng
Lei Sheng (Chinese: 雷声; pinyin: Léi Shēng; born 7 March 1984) is a Chinese left-handed foil fencer, six-time team Asian champion, 2012 individual Asian champion, two-time team world champion, three-time Olympian, and 2012 individual Olympic champion.
Steyr-Daimler-Puch
Steyr-Daimler-Puch (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪɐ ˈdaɪmlɐ ˈpʊx]) was a large manufacturing conglomerate based in Steyr, Austria, which was broken up in stages between 1987 and 2001. The component parts and operations continued to exist under separate ownership and new names.

Steyr 90 series
The Steyr 90 series is a cab over truck originally introduced in 1968, built by Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG in Steyr, Austria. It has a tilting cab and is of a distinct shape, which survived into the twenty-first century with China's Sinotruk. In 1978 the facelifted Steyr 91 replaced the 90, and it was in turn replaced by the redesigned Steyr 92 in 1986. Considering its comparatively low production numbers an unusually wide range of models and configurations were available, necessitated by Steyr's dominance of the Austrian truck market in the period - in 1980 about 35% of trucks on the roads there were made by Steyr.
Alexander Bogomazov
Alexander Konstantinovich Bogomazov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Богома́зов) or Oleksandr Kostiantynovych Bohomazov (Ukrainian: Олекса́ндр Костянти́нович Богома́зов; March 26, 1880 – June 3, 1930) was a Ukrainian painter, cubo-futurist, modern art theoretician and is recognised as one of the key figures of the Ukrainian avant-garde scene. In 1914, Oleksandr wrote his treatise The Art of Painting and the Elements. In it he analyzed the interaction between Object, Artist, Picture, and Spectator and sets the theoretical foundation of modern art. During his artistic life Oleksandr Bohomazov mastered several art styles. The most known are Cubo-Futurism (1913–1917) and Spectralism (1920–1930).

Victor Palmov
Victor Nikandrovich Palmov  (Russian: Виктор Никандрович Пальмов; 10 October 1888 – 7 June 1929) was a Russian and Ukrainian painter and avant-garde artist (Futurist and Neo-primitivist) from the David Burliuk circle.
Hermandad Lírica
The Hermandad Lírica (Lyrical Sisterhood) was the name given to a group of 19th century Spanish Romantic women poets who congregated and gave each other mutual support. Their salon examined literature and the issues facing Spain in the 19th century. Their first publications started around 1840. The driving force in the group was the poet Carolina Coronado. The body of their work was homoerotic; directed at other women, often other poets. After twenty years the group began to wane and their work fell out of favour among Spanish critics, due to an increasing masculinisation of the literary field and a rejection on the part of educated male society to the idea that women should or could produce literature.

In addition to Coronado, members of the group included Vicenta García Miranda, Teresa Verdejo y Durán, Amalia Fenollosa, Rogelia León, María del Pilar Sinués, Ángela Grassi, Manuela Cambronero, Dolores Cabrera y Heredia and Robustiana Armiño, among others.

Dolores Cabrera y Heredia
Dolores Cabrera y Heredia (15 September 1828 – 1 December 1899) was a Spanish Romantic poet and novelist. A native of Aragon, she moved throughout Spain first following her father, then her husband. She showed an early aptitude for poetry and wrote for most of her life.