hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union of the Muslims of Russia
The Union of the Muslims of Russia (Ittifaq, short for Tatar: Иттифак әл-мөслимин, Ittifaq âl-Möslimin and Russian: Иттифа́к аль-Муслими́н, Ittifaq al-Muslimin) was a political organisation and party of Muslims in the late Russian Empire. The organisation was founded during the 1905 Revolution and came to an end after the February Revolution. Its political agenda was liberal-constitutional, closely aligned to that of the Kadet Party; the Islamic reform movement of Jadidism was an important influence. The Ittifaq was dominated by Volga Tatar intellectuals, but also included Muslim representatives of other ethnicities such as Azerbaijanis, Crimean Tatars, Caucasians and Central Asians.

Abdurreshid Ibrahim
Abdurreshid Ibrahim or Ibragimov (Russian: Абдурашид Гумерович Ибрагимов, Tatar: Габдрәшит Ибраһимов, Siberian Tatar: Әптрәшит Ипрағимов; 1857 – 1944) was a Russian-born Tatar Muslim alim, journalist, and traveller who initiated a movement in the first decade of the 20th century to unite the Crimean Tatars. He visited Japan during Meiji period and became the first imam of the Tokyo Mosque.
San Zeno di Montagna
San Zeno di Montagna (Venetian: San Xen de Montagna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 kilometres (81 miles) west of Venice and about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Verona.

San Zeno di Montagna borders the following municipalities: Brenzone, Caprino Veronese, Costermano, Ferrara di Monte Baldo, and Torri del Benaco.

Torri del Benaco
Torri del Benaco is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 kilometres (81 miles) west of Venice and about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Verona, on the eastern coast of the Lake Garda.

Torri del Benaco borders the following municipalities: Brenzone, Costermano, Garda, Gardone Riviera, Gargnano, Salò, San Felice del Benaco, San Zeno di Montagna, and Toscolano-Maderno. It is home to a 14th-century castle which belonged to the Scaliger family, and which perhaps occupies the site of an ancient Roman castrum. It now houses an Ethnographic Museum.
Flaherty, Kentucky
Flaherty, an unincorporated community in Meade County, Kentucky, United States, is located 13 miles/21 km south of Brandenburg on KY 144, at its intersection with KY 1600 and KY 1816. While predominantly a rural agricultural community; Flaherty has a modest business district consisting of a Dollar General store, car wash, banks, and a gas station. Notable locations also include: Flaherty Elementary & Primary School, Saint Martin of Tours Catholic Church, Flaherty Ball Park, and Flaherty Fire Department. Clarkson House is also in Flaherty.

Meade County, Kentucky
Meade County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 30,003. Its county seat is Brandenburg. The county was founded December 17, 1823, and named for Captain James M. Meade, who was killed in action at the Battle of River Raisin during the War of 1812. Meade County is part of the Elizabethtown metropolitan area, which is included in the Louisville metropolitan area.

Meade County residents have easy access to major job centers such as Elizabethtown and Fort Knox.
Tebulosmta
Tebulosmta is the highest mountain of the Eastern Caucasus and the highest mountain of the Chechen Republic at an elevation of 4,493 meters (14,737 feet) above sea level. The mountain is located on the border of Georgia and Chechnya to the east of Mount Kazbek. The glaciers of the mountain are not large (the total combined area of all of the mountain's glaciers is 3 square kilometers).

Georgia–Russia border
The Georgia–Russia border is the state border between Georgia and Russia. It is de jure 920 km in length and runs from the Black Sea coast in the west and then along the Greater Caucasus Mountains to the tripoint with Azerbaijan in the east, thus closely following the conventional boundary between Europe and Asia. In 2008 Russia (and later four other states) recognized the independence of two self-declared republics within Georgia (Abkhazia and South Ossetia), meaning that in a de facto sense the border is now split into four sections: the Abkhazia–Russia border in the west, the western Georgia–Russia border between Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the South Ossetia–Russia border and the eastern Georgia–Russia border between South Ossetia and Azerbaijan. At present most of the international community refuse to recognise the independence of the two territories and regard them as belonging to Georgia.
Jones Orin York
Jones Orin York (August 5, 1893 – July 1970) was recruited in California by Soviet spy Stanislav Shumovskij approximately in 1935.  In 1950 York told the FBI that he had passed secrets to the KGB since the mid-1930s, including plans for a new airplane engine of his own design and documents on the newest fighter developed by Northrop Corporation.  York told the FBI that his KGB handler during 1941-42 had been Bill Weisband, who had helped him buy a camera for photographing documents.  York admitted he was in it for the money, although he received very little.

York's allegation was disturbing news, implying that the KGB had a mole in the sensitive Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA). York's code name in Soviet intelligence and in the Venona project is "NEEDLE".

Bill Weisband
William Weisband, Sr. (August 28, 1908 – May 14, 1967) was a Ukrainian-American cryptanalyst and  NKVD agent (code name 'LINK'), best known for his role in revealing U.S. decryptions of Soviet diplomatic and intelligence codes to Soviet intelligence.
Vaksdal Municipality
Vaksdalⓘ is a municipality in the county of Vestland, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Nordhordland. The administrative centre is the village of Dalekvam. Other villages in the municipality include Dalegarden, Flatkvål, Helle, Nesheim, Stamneshella, Stanghelle, and Vaksdal.

The 715.37-square-kilometre (276.21 sq mi) municipality is the 160th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vaksdal Municipality is the 209th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 3,875. The municipality's population density is 5.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7% over the previous 10-year period.

Helle, Vaksdal
Helle is a small village in Vaksdal Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. Located just northeast of the village of Stanghelle, Helle is included in the urban area of Stanghelle which has a population of 801 (in 2025). The European route E16 highway runs through the village.
Union for the Republic (Italy)
The Union for the Republic (Italian: Unione per la Repubblica, UpR) was a centrist political party in Italy.

It was formed by Francesco Cossiga and his followers after the break-up of the Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR) in November 1999.

The UpR formed a short-lived centrist alliance called The Clover with the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI) and Italian Republican Party (PRI), which was responsible for the fall of the D'Alema I Cabinet on 18 December. Consequently, the UpR did not enter in D'Alema II Cabinet.

Most of UpR members, with the notable exception of Carlo Scognamiglio, joined Forza Italia prior to the 2001 general election.

Italian Democratic Socialists
The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani, SDI) was a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was the direct continuation of the Italian Socialists, the legal successor of the historical Italian Socialist Party. The Italian Democratic Socialist Party, the other long-time Italian social-democratic party, was merged into it along with other minor parties. The party's long-time leader was Enrico Boselli, a former president of Emilia-Romagna (1990–1993). In 2007, the SDI were merged with other descendants of the PSI to form the modern-day Italian Socialist Party.
Aigio
Aigio (Greek: Αίγιο, romanized: Aígio, pronounced [ˈeʝio]; Latin: Aegium), is a town and a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, on the Peloponnese. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Aigialeia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

Aigio is the second largest city in Achaea after Patras. The municipal unit has an area of 151.101 km2 and a population of around 26,000, while the municipality has about 49,000 inhabitants. Aigio is a port town on the Gulf of Corinth, and takes its name from the ancient city of Aegium.

Archaeological Museum of Aigion
38°15′9.3″N 22°5′16.7″E﻿ / ﻿38.252583°N 22.087972°E﻿ / 38.252583; 22.087972

The Archaeological Museum of Aigion is a museum in Aigion, Greece, was opened on August 6, 1994. Originally, the museum building served as the municipal market of Aigio. It was designed by architect Ernst Ziller and constructed in 1890.

The museum comprises six rooms that showcase artifacts from the Neolithic period to the late Roman era.
X (magazine)
X, A Quarterly Review, often referred to as X magazine, was a British review of literature and the arts published in London which ran for seven issues between 1959 and 1962. It was co-founded and co-edited by Patrick Swift and David Wright.

Craigie Aitchison (painter)
John Ronald Craigie Aitchison CBE RSA RA (13 January 1926 – 21 December 2009) was a Scottish painter. He was best known for his many paintings of the Crucifixion, one of which hangs behind the altar in the chapter house of Liverpool Cathedral, Italian landscapes, and portraits (mainly of black men, or of dogs). His simple style with bright, childlike colours defied description, and was compared to the Scottish Colourists, primitivists or naive artists, although Brian Sewell dismissed him as "a painter of too considered trifles".

His career-long fascination with the crucifixion was triggered by a visit to see Salvador Dalí's Christ of St John of the Cross in 1951 after it was acquired by the Kelvingrove Gallery.
Howard Keck
Howard Brighton Keck (September 20, 1913 – December 14, 1996) was an American businessman. He was also a Thoroughbred racehorse owner and breeder, and the owner of an auto racing team that twice won the Indianapolis 500.

W. M. Keck Observatory
The W. M. Keck Observatory is an astronomical observatory with two telescopes at an elevation of 4,145 meters (13,600 ft) near the summit of Mauna Kea in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Both telescopes have 10 m (33 ft) aperture primary mirrors, and, when completed in 1993 (Keck I) and 1996 (Keck II), they were the largest optical reflecting telescopes in the world. They have been the third and fourth largest since 2006.
The Headbangers
The Headbangers are a professional wrestling tag team consisting of Mosh (Charles Warrington) and Thrasher (Glenn Ruth). They are currently signed to WWE as ambassadors.

As the name of the team implies, their gimmick is that they are a pair of metalheads, complete with heavy metal related T-shirts, kilts, piercings, goatees, shaved heads, and black face paint.

WWE Hardcore Championship
The WWE Hardcore Championship was a hardcore wrestling championship in the WWF (now WWE) which was contested under "hardcore" rules (no disqualifications, no countouts, and pinfalls count anywhere). In the latter part of the title's history, a rule was implemented allowing anyone to challenge the champion at any place or time, provided a referee was present (dubbed the "24/7 rule"). It is considered one of the most defining titles of the Attitude Era. It was established on November 2, 1998, with Mankind as the inaugural champion. On August 26, 2002, it was unified with the WWE Intercontinental Championship by Rob Van Dam, the final Hardcore Champion.
The Fire on the Snow
The Fire on the Snow is a 1941 Australian verse play by Douglas Stewart about the Terra Nova Expedition to Antarctica by Robert Falcon Scott. It premiered on ABC radio on 6 June 1941 to great acclaim and inspired a series of Australian verse dramas on ABC radio.

The play was performed in Canada, England and New Zealand, and was an assigned text for the Leaving Certificate. It was also adapted into a stage version.

Frank Clewlow
Frank Dawson Clewlow (October–December 1885 – 13 June 1957) also known under pseudonym of Stafford Dawson, was an English-born actor, director, stage and radio producer and theatre manager, he worked in his native England, as well as Scotland during the 1910s and 1920s, before emigrating to Australia in 1926 where he continued his career and in 1936 he became Federal Controller of Productions for the Australian Broadcasting Commission (later Corporation – ABC).
Samuel Benjamin Thompson
Samuel Benjamin Thompson (October 11, 1837 - August 1909) was a lawyer, judicial official, and Reconstruction Era politician in South Carolina.

He was a delegate to the 1865 South Carolina Constitutional Constitutional Convention. He was also an elected member of the 48th general assembly from 1868 to 1870, one of the four representatives for Richland County. He served as a state legislator for six years as well as a justice of the peace for eight years.

He was the uncle of Charleston doctor Alonzo Clifton McClennan. He married Eliza Henrietta Montgomery and had nine children. Their eldest child, Clarissa Minnie Thompson Allen, became an educator and author.

He and eight other reconstruction era legislators are buried at Randolph Cemetery.

Randolph Cemetery
Randolph Cemetery is a historic  cemetery for African-Americans in  Columbia, South Carolina. It was established in 1872 and expanded in 1899.  It was named for Benjamin F. Randolph (1820–1868), who was reburied at the cemetery in 1871. Randolph was a militia leader protecting African Americans when he was assassinated. A memorial in his honor and for other African-American leaders killed was erected. Gravemarkers include both manufactured and vernacular homemade varieties. The cemetery holds eight Reconstruction Era state legislators. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
Fortuna Union Elementary School District
Fortuna Union Elementary School District was a public school district in Humboldt County, California, United States. Effective July 1, 2012, it consolidated with Rohnerville Elementary School District to form Fortuna Elementary School District.

Fortuna Elementary School District
Fortuna Elementary School District is a public school district based in Humboldt County, California, United States, created from the consolidation of Rohnerville and Fortuna Union Elementary School Districts effective July 1, 2012.
Cabarroguis
Cabarroguis, officially the Municipality of Cabarroguis (Ilocano: Ili ti Cabarroguis; Tagalog: Bayan ng Cabarroguis), is a municipality and capital of the province of Quirino, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 34,720 people.

Saguday
Saguday, officially the Municipality of Saguday (Ilocano: Ili ti Saguday; Tagalog: Bayan ng Saguday), is a municipality in the province of Quirino, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 17,863 people.
Weller's theorem
Weller's theorem is a theorem in economics. It says that a heterogeneous resource ("cake") can be divided among n partners with different valuations in a way that is both Pareto-efficient (PE) and envy-free (EF). Thus, it is possible to divide a cake fairly without compromising on economic efficiency.

Moreover, Weller's theorem says that there exists a price such that the allocation and the price are a competitive equilibrium (CE) with equal incomes (EI). Thus, it connects two research fields which were previously unrelated: fair cake-cutting and general equilibrium.

Dubins–Spanier theorems
The Dubins–Spanier theorems are several theorems in the theory of fair cake-cutting. They were published by Lester Dubins and Edwin Spanier in 1961. Although the original motivation for these theorems is fair division, they are in fact general theorems in measure theory.
2022 Challenge Cup final
The 2022 Challenge Cup Final was the 121st final of the Rugby Football League's Challenge Cup knock-out competition, which was contested between the Huddersfield Giants and the Wigan Warriors. It took place on 28 May 2022 at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. Wigan won the cup for the 20th time by beating Huddersfield 16–14.

Chris Hill (rugby league)
Christopher Andrew Hill (born 3 November 1987) is an English former professional rugby league footballer.

He previously played for the Leigh Centurions in the Championship, Warrington Wolves, Huddersfield Giants and Salford Red Devils in the Super League, Bradford Bulls in the Championship, and represented England and Great Britain at international level.
Jøa
Jøa is an island in Namsos Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The 55.3-square-kilometre (21.4 sq mi) island lies on the south side of the Foldafjord, between the mainland and the islands of Otterøya and Elvalandet. The island is partially forested, with the southern part being flat and marshy, and the northern part being more mountainous. The 297-metre (974 ft) tall Moldvikfjellet is the highest point on the island.

The Norwegian writer Olav Duun was born in the village of Dun, in the central part of the island, where Dun Church is located. Also, Fosnes Chapel is located on the northeastern coast of the island, at the site of the old church and graveyard.

Namsos Municipality
Namsosⓘ (Norwegian) or Nåavmesjenjaelmie (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Namdalen region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Namsos. Some of the villages in the municipality include Bangsund, Klinga, Ramsvika, Skomsvoll, Spillum, Sævik, Dun, Salsnes, Nufsfjord, Lund, Namdalseid, Sjøåsen, Statland, Tøttdalen, and Sverkmoen.

The 2,132-square-kilometre (823 sq mi) municipality is the 30th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Namsos Municipality is the 82nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 15,083. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.1% over the previous 10-year period.

The town of Namsos has a swimming pool, Oasen, built inside a mountain.
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills season 2
The second season of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, an American reality television series, aired on Bravo from September 5, 2011 to February 16, 2012, and is primarily filmed in Beverly Hills, California.

The season focuses on the personal and professional lives of Taylor Armstrong, Camille Grammer, Adrienne Maloof, Kim Richards, Kyle Richards and Lisa Vanderpump. The season consisted of 24 episodes.

This was the final season for Grammer as a full-time housewife. She continued to appear as a friend and guest in later seasons.

The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (abbreviated as RHOBH) is an American reality television series which has been broadcast on Bravo since October 14, 2010. Developed as the sixth installment of The Real Housewives franchise, it has aired fourteen seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of women who live in or near Beverly Hills, California.

The fifteenth season cast consist of: Kyle Richards, Erika Girardi, Dorit Kemsley, Sutton Stracke, Bozoma Saint John, Rachel Zoe and Amanda Frances; with Kathy Hilton, Jennifer Tilly and Natalie Swanston Fuller serving as "friends of the housewives". The success of the show has resulted in two spin-offs: Vanderpump Rules and Vanderpump Dogs revolving around original cast member Lisa Vanderpump.
Kaminarimon
The Kaminarimon (雷門; lit."Thunder Gate") is the outer of two large entrance gates that ultimately leads to the Sensō-ji (the inner being the Hōzōmon) in Asakusa, Tokyo, Japan. The gate, with its lantern and statues, is popular with tourists. It stands 11.7 m tall, 11.4 m wide and covers an area of 69.3 m2. The first gate was built in 941, but the current gate dates from 1960, after the previous gate was destroyed in a fire in 1865.

Asakusa
Asakusa (浅草; Japanese: [asakɯ̥ꜜsa] ⓘ) is a district in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. It is known for Sensō-ji, a Buddhist temple dedicated to the bodhisattva Kannon. There are several other temples in Asakusa, as well as various festivals, such as Sanja Matsuri.
Special Tactics Group
The Special Tactics Group (STG) is the full-time police tactical group of the New Zealand Police. The STG, originally named the Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS), was established to respond to high-risk situations which are beyond the scope or capacity of everyday policing. STG officers directly support operational police in incidents, such as sieges, with specialist tactical, negotiation, intelligence, and command support services.

Officers are assigned to the STG on a full-time basis with sections based in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. In 2012, the STG became a police tactical group following the New Zealand government joining Australia’s national counter-terrorism coordination organisation.

Armed Offenders Squad
The Armed Offenders Squad (AOS) are specialist part-time units of the New Zealand Police based around the country available to respond to high risk incidents using specialist tactics and equipment.

The AOS was established when front-line police officers did not carry firearms. While today officers still do not routinely carry sidearms, they have ready access to firearms if required, including high-powered rifles, and receive firearms training. A new expanding role for the AOS is assisting with planned operations.
Samsun Saathane Square
Saathane Square is a public square in Samsun's Ilkadim district and takes its name from the Samsun Clock Tower which is located in the center of the square. Along with Republic Square (Samsun), it is one of two important and historical squares in Samsun. The square is bounded by the headquarters of the Samsun Metropolitan Municipal Government, Central Great Mosque (Samsun), Taş Han, the Şifa Bath and the Medrese Mosque.

Samsun
Samsun is a city on the north coast of Turkey and a major Black Sea port. The urban area recorded a population of 738,692 in 2022. The city is the capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,382,376. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera house and a large and modern manufacturing district. The city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919.
The Tale of the Heike
The Tale of the Heike (平家物語, Heike Monogatari) is an epic account compiled prior to 1330 of the struggle between the Taira clan and Minamoto clan for control of Japan at the end of the 12th century in the Genpei War (1180–1185).

It has been translated into English at least five times. The first translation was by Arthur Lindsay Sadler, in 1918–1921. A complete translation in nearly 800 pages by Hiroshi Kitagawa & Bruce T. Tsuchida was published in 1975. It was also translated by Helen McCullough in 1988. An abridged translation by Burton Watson was published in 2006.  In 2012, Royall Tyler completed his translation, which, he says, seeks to be mindful of the performance style for which the work was originally intended.

Historical novelist Eiji Yoshikawa published a prose rendering in the Asahi Weekly in 1950, under the title New Tale of the Heike (Shin Heike Monogatari).

Battle of Ichi-no-Tani
The Battle of Ichi-no-Tani (一ノ谷の戦い, Ichi-no-Tani no tatakai) was fought between the attacking Minamoto clan and the defending Taira clan at Suma, to the west of present-day Kobe, Japan, on 20 March 1184. It sat on a very narrow strip of shore, between mountains on the north, and the sea to the south. This made it quite defensible, but also made it difficult to maneuver troops inside the fortress. The Taira suffered a crucial defeat to the forces of Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Minamoto no Noriyori.