hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kirsanovsky Uyezd
Kirsanovsky Uyezd (Кирса́новский уе́зд) was one of the subdivisions of the Tambov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kirsanov.

Tambov Governorate
Tambov Governorate (Russian: Тамбовская губерния, romanized: Tambovskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, and the Russian SFSR, with its capital in Tambov. It was located between 51°14' and 55°6' north and between 38°9' and 43°38' east. It bordered Vladimir Governorate and Nizhny Novgorod Governorate to north, Penza Governorate and Saratov Governorate to the east, Voronezh Governorate to south and west, and Oryol Governorate, Tula Governorate, and Ryazan Governorate to the west.
Thooral Ninnu Pochchu
Thooral Ninnu Pochchu (transl. The drizzle has stopped) is a 1982 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film written, directed by and starring K. Bhagyaraj. The film also stars Sulakshana and M. N. Nambiar. It was released on 14 April 1982. The film was remade in Telugu as Pelli Choopulu (1983), in Hindi as Mohabbat (1985), and in Kannada as Gowri Kalyana (1991).

Gowri Kalyana
Gowri Kalyana (transl. Gowri's marriage) is a 1991 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed, produced, and co-written by Dwarakish. A remake of the Tamil film Thooral Ninnu Pochchu (1982), the films stars Harshavardhan and Nithya with M. P. Shankar and Vajramuni in supporting roles.
Unionville, Orange County, New York
Unionville is a village in Orange County, New York, United States. The population was 592 at the 2020 census, making it by far the smallest village in Orange County and one of the smallest in New York State.

The village is within the town of Minisink, southeast of Port Jervis, and is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area as well as the larger New York City-Newark, New Jersey-Bridgeport, Connecticut and New York-New Jersey-Connecticut-Pennsylvania combined statistical area.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
HMS Devonshire (1904)
HMS Devonshire was the lead ship of her class of six armoured cruiser built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She was assigned to the 1st Cruiser Squadron of the Channel Fleet upon completion in 1905 and was transferred to the 2nd Cruiser Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in 1907. She was assigned to the reserve Third Fleet in 1909 and then to the 3rd Cruiser Squadron of the reserve Second Fleet in 1913.

Upon mobilisation in mid-1914 her squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet; Devonshire did not see combat before she was transferred to the Nore in 1916. At the end of that year she was assigned to the North America and West Indies Station and spent the rest of the war escorting convoys. She was sold for scrap in 1921.

Devonshire-class cruiser (1903)
The Devonshire-class cruiser was a group of six armoured cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. All ships of the class served in World War I. Argyll was wrecked, and Hampshire was sunk by a naval mine. The four survivors were disposed of soon after the war.
Cooperative Patent Classification
The Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) is a patent classification system, which has been jointly developed by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The CPC is substantially based on the previous European classification system (ECLA), which itself was a more specific and detailed version of the International Patent Classification (IPC) system.

Patent classification
A patent classification is a system for examiners of patent offices or other people to categorize (code) documents, such as published patent applications, according to the technical features of their content. Patent classifications make it feasible to search quickly for documents about earlier disclosures similar to or related to the invention for which a patent is applied, and to track technological trends in patent applications.

Searches based on patent classifications can identify documents of different languages by using the codes (classes) of the system, rather than words. Patent classification systems were originally developed for sorting paper documents, but are nowadays used for searching patent databases.
FSC Lublin Automotive Factory
The FSC Lublin Automotive Factory (Polish: Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) commonly known as FSC, is a large motor vehicle factory in Poland established while the country was part of the Soviet Bloc. It was founded in 1950. The first vehicle left its assembly line on November 7, 1951. The factory was built on an open field in Lublin from the grounds up, to first produce light trucks and later vans, as well as vehicles for the military.

FSC Żuk
The FSC Żuk (pl. beetle) is a van produced by Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych in Lublin, Poland between 1959 and 1998. It was based on FSO Warszawa, which in turn was licensed from the Soviet passenger car GAZ-M20 Pobeda, and so was similar to a Soviet developed van, the RAF-977. The chassis, suspension and engine from FSO Warszawa formed the basis of the Żuk and the Nysa light vans designed in the late 1950s. About 587818 were manufactured.
Tornado outbreak sequence of December 1–6, 1953
The first six days of December 1953 produced a destructive and deadly tornado outbreak sequence across the Southern United States. There were 19 confirmed tornadoes, including a large and violent F4 tornado that hit the northwest side of Alexandria, Louisiana and a large and violent F5 tornado that hit Vicksburg, Mississippi. In all, the tornadoes killed 49 people, injured 404 others, and caused $45,709 million (1953 USD) in damage. The death toll made this deadliest December tornado outbreak ever recorded and it would not be surpassed until 2021. This was also the last of the series of deadly and catastrophic tornado outbreaks to strike the US in 1953.

Tornadoes of 1953
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1953 primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. This was the first year to record an F5 tornado as well as one of the deadliest tornado seasons in official U.S. records, which go back to 1950.

The total count of tornadoes and ratings differs from various agencies accordingly. The article, therefore, documents information from the most contemporary official sources alongside assessments from tornado historian Thomas P. Grazulis.
Endestadvatnet
Endestadvatnet is a lake in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The lake is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Eikefjord and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) west of the lake Emhjellevatnet in the neighboring Gloppen Municipality.

Eikefjord (village)
Eikefjord is a village in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at the end of the Eikefjorden along the Norwegian National Road 5 highway. The town of Florø lies about 30 kilometres (19 mi) to the west and the village of Naustdal lies about 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast (through the Naustdal Tunnel. The lake Endestadvatnet lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east. The villages of Nyttingnes and Steinhovden lie about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Eikefjord.

The 0.39-square-kilometre (96-acre) village has a population (2024) of 435 and a population density of 1,115 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,890/sq mi).

Eikefjord Church is located in this village, serving the southeastern part of the municipality. This village was the administrative centre of the old Eikefjord Municipality which existed from 1923 until 1964.
Volksgesetzbuch
The Volksgesetzbuch was the attempt of Third Reich jurists in the Academy for German Law to replace the Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch by a civil law code aligned with Nazi principles. The project was terminated in 1944 by Reich Minister of Justice and head of the Akademie Otto Georg Thierack.

Academy for German Law
The Academy for German Law (German: Akademie für deutsches Recht) was an institute for legal research and reform founded on 26 June 1933 in Nazi Germany. After suspending its operations during the Second World War in August 1944, it was abolished after the fall of the Nazi regime on 8 May 1945.
Pachydermoperiostosis
Pachydermoperiostosis (PDP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects both bones and skin. Other names are primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy or Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome. It is mainly characterized by pachyderma (thickening of the skin), periostosis (excessive bone formation) and finger clubbing (swelling of tissue with loss of normal angle between nail and nail bed).

This disease affects more men than women. After onset, the disease stabilizes after about 5–20 years. Life of PDP patients can be severely impaired. Currently, symptomatic treatments are NSAIDs and steroids or surgical procedures.

In 1868, PDP was first described by Friedreich as 'excessive growth of bone of the entire skeleton'. Touraine, Solente and Golé described PDP as the primary form of bone disease hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in 1935 and distinguished its three known forms.

Pachyderma
Pachyderma, or pachydermia, is the thickening of skin like that of a pachyderm (a tough-skinned animal such as an elephant, rhinoceros, tapir or hippopotamus). It occurs in the condition pachydermoperiostosis, an autosomal genetic disorder. It can also occur in acromegaly, elephantiasis, and podoconiosis. The adjective pachydermatous is used to describe skin showing symptoms of this condition.
2016 Malaysia Super League
The 2016 Malaysia Super League (English: 2016 Super League) was the 13th season of the Malaysia Super League, the top-tier professional football league in Malaysia.

The season began on 13 February and concluded on 22 October 2016.

Johor Darul Ta'zim were the defending champions and retained the title from the previous season. They became the first club in the Malaysian football history to win the Liga Super title for three consecutive years.

Johor Darul Ta'zim also set a new record after went through the season without a single defeat – the first team ever to do so in a 22-fixtures league season. Johor Darul Ta'zim finished its "Invincibles" season with 18 wins, 4 draws, 0 defeats and 58 points in total.

2016 Malaysia FA Cup
The 2016 Malaysia FA Cup was the 27th season of the Malaysia FA Cup, a knockout competition for Malaysia's state football association and clubs. It was sponsored by Kopi Superbest Power (Superbest Power Coffee), and was known as the Superbest Power Piala FA due to sponsorship purposes. LionsXII were the defending champions after beating Kelantan 3–1 in the previous season, but did not compete in this edition.

35 teams entered this years competition. Six teams entered in the first stage with three clubs making the Second Round. The draw for the competition was made on 9 January 2016. The winners were assured a place in the 2017 AFC Cup.
Phelix
Phelix is a high-speed stream cipher with a built-in single-pass message authentication code (MAC) functionality, submitted in 2004 to the eSTREAM contest by Doug Whiting, Bruce Schneier, Stefan Lucks, and Frédéric Muller. The cipher uses only the operations of addition modulo 232, exclusive or, and rotation by a fixed number of bits. Phelix uses a 256-bit key and a 128-bit nonce, claiming a design strength of 128 bits.  Concerns have been raised over the ability to recover the secret key if the cipher is used incorrectly.

Bart Preneel
Bart Preneel (born 15 October 1963 in Leuven, Belgium) is a Belgian cryptographer and cryptanalyst. He is a professor at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, in the COSIC group.

He was the president of the International Association for Cryptologic Research in 2008–2013 and project manager of ECRYPT.
Jabal el-Hussein camp
Jabal el-Hussein camp (Arabic: مخيم الحسين) is one of the 10 officially recognized UNRWA Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan. It is located outside of the Abdali area district of Amman.

It is one of the first four camps in Jordan founded to accommodate refugees from the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, the others being Irbid camp, Al-Wehdat refugee camp and Zarqa Camp.

Abdali area
31°57′52″N 35°54′23″E﻿ / ﻿31.96444°N 35.90639°E﻿ / 31.96444; 35.90639

Abdali (Arabic: العبدلي) is an area in the Greater Amman Municipality, Jordan. It is named for King Abdullah I who founded it in the 1940s. It covers an area of 15 square kilometres (6 sq mi) in the heart of Amman, with a population of 165,333 in 2015. Large parts of the district are residential, and it also has several important government buildings and businesses. The area has several bus stations.
Graffignana
Graffignana (Lodigiano: Grafignàn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Milan and about 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Lodi.

Graffignana borders the following municipalities: Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Villanova del Sillaro, Borghetto Lodigiano, San Colombano al Lambro, Miradolo Terme.

Villanova del Sillaro
Villanova del Sillaro (Lodigiano: Vilanöva del Silar) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Lodi in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Milan and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) south of Lodi.

Villanova del Sillaro borders the following municipalities: Pieve Fissiraga, Massalengo, Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, Ossago Lodigiano, Borghetto Lodigiano, Graffignana.
Tanjung Piai
Tanjung Piai (Jawi: تنجوڠ ڤياي) is a cape in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia. It is the southernmost point of Peninsular Malaysia and thus the most southern point of mainland Eurasia. The skyline of Singapore is visible across the Johor Strait from the point. It features seafood restaurants, perched on wooden jetties that are surrounded by a rugged and rarefied coastline of unspoiled mangrove forests.

0.33 nautical miles south of the point, at the edge of the dries, is a 15-metre light tower that flashes once every 3 seconds and houses a radar transponder beacon that transmits the Morse letter "M".

Pontian District
Pontian District (Malay: Daerah Pontian) is a district located in southwest part of the Malaysian state of Johor. It borders Batu Pahat and Kluang Districts to the north and Kulai and Johor Bahru Districts to the east.

The district is home to Tanjung Piai, the southernmost point of the Malay Peninsula and mainland Eurasia as a whole.
Ghriss
Ghriss (Arabic: غريس) is a town and commune in Mascara Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 22,151.

It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from Mascara and 120 kilometres (75 mi) from Oran, rising to around 500 metres (1,600 ft) in the Ghriss plain. Its name is derived from Aghris (Berber languages: ⴰⵖⵔⵉⵙ) meaning "white frost". During the French colonial period, the town was named "Thiersville" after Adolphe Thiers, and its nearby airport Ghriss Airport was called "Thiersville Airfield" during the WWII.

Mascara Province
Mascara (Arabic: معسكر Muʿaskar, Berber languages: ⵎⵄⴻⵙⴽⴻⵔ Mɛesker) is a province (wilaya) in Algeria, named after its capital, whose name is Arabic for "military garrison". It is uncertain whether the place's name is related to "mascara", the cosmetic. Another important locality is the town of Sig.
Lebanon, Maine
Lebanon is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 6,469 at the 2020 census. Lebanon includes the villages of Center Lebanon, West Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and East Lebanon. It is the westernmost town in Maine. Lebanon is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area.

York County, Maine
York County is both the southernmost and the westernmost county in the U.S. state of Maine, along the state of New Hampshire's eastern border. It is divided from Strafford County, New Hampshire, by the Salmon Falls River and the connected tidal estuary, the Piscataqua River. York County was permanently established in 1636. Several of Maine's earliest colonial settlements are found in the county, which is the state's oldest and one of the oldest in the United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 211,972, making it Maine's second-most populous county. Its county seat is Alfred. York County is part of the Portland–South Portland, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Lake Tawakoni State Park
Lake Tawakoni State Park (/təˈwɑːkəni/ tə-WAH-kə-nee) is a state park located in Hunt County, Texas, United States, 11.2 miles (18.0 km) north of Wills Point. It is on the south central shore of Lake Tawakoni, a 37,879-acre reservoir on the Sabine River.

Lake Tawakoni
Lake Tawakoni (/təˈwɑːkəni/ tə-WAH-kə-nee) is a 37,879-acre (15,329 ha) reservoir located in Northeast Texas, about 48 miles (77 km) east of Dallas. It lies within three Texas counties, Hunt, Rains, and Van Zandt. It is used for water supply and recreation. It is under the Sabine River Authority of Texas and the original headwaters of the Sabine are converged under the lake surface.
Suicide attack
A suicide attack (also known by a wide variety of other names, see below) is a deliberate attack in which the perpetrators intentionally end their own lives as part of the attack. These attacks are a form of murder–suicide that is often associated with terrorism or war. When the attackers are labelled as terrorists, the attacks are sometimes referred to as an act of suicide terrorism. Military use of suicide is not directly regulated by international law, but suicide attacks sometimes violate prohibitions against perfidy or targeting civilians. Suicide attacks have occurred in various contexts, ranging from military campaigns—such as the Japanese kamikaze pilots during World War II (1944–1945)—to more contemporary Islamic terrorist campaigns—including the September 11 attacks in 2001. 
Suicide attacks have been used by a wide range of political ideologies, from far-right (Japan and Germany in WWII) to far-left (such as the PKK and JRA).

Robert Pape
Robert Anthony Pape (/pæp/; born April 24, 1960) is an American political scientist who studies national and international security affairs, with a focus on air power, political violence, social media propaganda, and terrorism. He is currently a professor of political science at the University of Chicago and founder and director of the Chicago Project on Security and Threats (CPOST).
History of public health in the United Kingdom
The history of public health in the United Kingdom covers public health in the United Kingdom since about 1700. The history saw incremental progress against systemic inequities. Legislative milestones, scientific breakthroughs, and grassroots advocacy collectively transformed a landscape once dominated by disease and deprivation.  Hospitals moved from the periphery to the center of public health services.   Challenges like very bad urban sanitation, epidemics, tuberculosis, and infant mortality were largely resolved by the early 20th century. The foundations laid by 19th-century reformers enabled the creation of a comprehensive national health system, epitomized by the National Health Service in 1948.

Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
Public water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom are characterized by universal access and generally good service quality. Unlike many other developed countries, the United Kingdom features diverse institutional arrangements across its constituent parts: (England and Wales; Scotland; and Northern Ireland). In England and Wales, water services are primarily provided by privatized companies, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland, these services are managed by publicly owned entities.  Each region's unique approach is explored in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom.
Äänekoski
Äänekoski (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈæːneˌkːoski]) is a town in Finland, located in the Central Finland region, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Jyväskylä, the region's capital city. Äänekoski has a population of 17,614, as of 30 June 2025, and covers an area of 1,138.39 square kilometres (439.53 sq mi) of which 253.84 km2 (98.01 sq mi), or 22%, is water. The population density is 19.91 inhabitants per square kilometre (51.6/sq mi).

Neighbouring municipalities are Kannonkoski, Konnevesi, Laukaa, Saarijärvi, Uurainen, Vesanto and Viitasaari.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

The municipality of Äänekosken maalaiskunta was consolidated to Äänekoski in 1969 and the municipality of Konginkangas in 1993. The municipalities of Sumiainen and Suolahti were consolidated to Äänekoski in 2007.

Kannonkoski
Kannonkoski is a Finnish municipality located in the Central Finland region. The municipality has a population of 1,173 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 549.88 square kilometres (212.31 sq mi) of which 104.87 km2 (40.49 sq mi), or 19%, is water. The population density is 2.64 inhabitants per square kilometre (6.8/sq mi). Neighbouring municipalities are Karstula, Kivijärvi, Saarijärvi, Viitasaari and Äänekoski.

The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
Lorea Lyons
Lorea Lyons Andraka (born in Bilbao on 3 June 1996) is a Basque-English actress, filmmaker and film director.

As a filmmaker, she has been awarded the Caimán Critics' Award (2024) and the First Prize at the La Mirada Tabú Festival (2024), the Best Documentary Short Film of the Year Award at the China International New Media Short Film Festival (2025) and the Young Jury Award at the Eszena Festival (2025), among others, for her film productions.

Ánima Eskola School of Drama
The Ánima Eskola School of Drama (transl. Ánima School) is a drama school or drama institution in Bilbao, Spain.

Founded in 2009 by Marina Shimanskaya and Algis Arlauskas in Bilbao, since 2017 it acquired another facility in Erandio (Greater Bilbao).

The school has produced students such as the Actors and Actresses Union Award winner Aitor Luna or Carmen Climent.
Bo Diddley
Ellas Bates McDaniel (December 30, 1928 – June 2, 2008), known professionally as Bo Diddley, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter who played a key role in the transition from the blues to rock and roll. He influenced many artists, including Buddy Holly, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Animals, George Thorogood, Syd Barrett, Tom Petty, and the Clash.

His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop music. In recognition of his achievements, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, the Blues Hall of Fame in 2003, and the Rhythm and Blues Music Hall of Fame in 2017. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Diddley is also recognized for his technical innovations, including his use of tremolo and reverb effects to enhance the sound of his distinctive rectangular guitars.

Bo Diddley (Bo Diddley song)
"Bo Diddley" is a song by American rock and roll pioneer Bo Diddley. It introduced the rhythm that became known as the Bo Diddley beat and topped the Billboard R&B chart for two weeks in 1955. The song is included on many of Diddley's compilation albums including Bo Diddley (1958) and His Best (1997). Buddy Holly recorded a version that posthumously became his 2nd highest-charting single in the UK after "It Doesn't Matter Anymore".