hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walthourville, Georgia
Walthourville (/ˈwɔːltaʊərvɪl/) is a city in Liberty County, Georgia, United States. When it was incorporated in 1974, it had a government entirely composed of women; and in 1978 it elected Carrie Kent, the first African-American woman mayor in Georgia history. Walthourville is a part of the Hinesville-Fort Stewart metropolitan statistical area (MSA). The population was 3,680 at the 2020 Census.

Hinesville metropolitan area
The Hinesville metropolitan area, officially the Hinesville metropolitan statistical area and previously the Hinesville–Ft. Stewart metropolitan statistical area, is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties, Liberty and Long, in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is anchored by the city of Hinesville and encompasses all of Fort Stewart, one of the largest U.S. Army installations in the United States.

The Hinesville metropolitan statistical area is part of a larger trading area, the Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro combined statistical area within the Coastal Georgia region. As of 2020, the metropolitan population was 81,424, with a 2022 census-estimated population of 86,378.
Stratford, New South Wales
Stratford is a rural locality in the Mid-Coast Council local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. The largest population centre in the area is the town of Stratford, which is approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) south of Gloucester and 109 km (68 mi) north of Newcastle. Stratford, which is next to the Avon River, is on Bucketts Way, 66 km (41 mi) from the Pacific Highway, the nearest major highway.

At the 2006 census, the village of Stratford had a population of 110. The village has a park with cricket pitch and play-gym, a New South Wales Rural Fire Service shed, shop with petroleum, hall, church, public school and the Stratford lawn cemetery. The village is located on one of the main access routes to the Barrington Tops National Park.

The principal industries of the area include mining, beef cattle breeding and dairying. The nearby Stratford coal mine transports coal to Newcastle for export or the New South Wales Power Stations.

Gloucester, New South Wales
Gloucester (/ˈɡlɒstər/ ⓘ GLOST-ər), is a town located in Mid-Coast Council, within the Barrington Coast hinterland of the lower Mid North Coast of the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is the closest town to world heritage Barrington Tops National Park.

Gloucester is situated on the North Coast railway line and can be accessed from the southeast from Newcastle, located 145 kilometres (90 mi) via the Bucketts Way, or from the north via Thunderbolts Way. Gloucester River flows adjacent to the town, just above its junction with the Avon River.

At the 2021 census, Gloucester had a population of 2,469.
Flag flying days in Norway
Dates when the Norwegian state flag is flown by all branches of government and state agencies are listed in Article 4 of the regulations concerning the use of the state flag and the merchant flag, as modified by Royal Resolution of 3 December 2004. Civilians are also encouraged to display the national flag on these flag-flying days. The flag is flown on the birthday of a member of the Norwegian Royal House, on some Christian holidays and on the dates of significant events of Norwegian history.

On the Day of the Sami people, both state institutions and civilians are encouraged, but not required, to fly the Sami flag in addition to the Norwegian flag.

Flag-flying day
A flag-flying day is a day, decreed officially or by tradition, that the national flag should be hoisted by every official agency in the country. Private citizens and corporations are also encouraged to fly the flag, rather than leaving the flag staff empty or flying family or corporate flags. Flag-flying days may also be observed for some provincial flags.

Flag-flying days are different from Flag Day holidays that celebrate the flag itself and are usually held just one day per year. Flag-flying days normally occur multiple times each year to celebrate national holidays or other occasions.
Florida swamps
Florida swamps include a variety of wetland habitats. Because of its high water table, substantial rainfall, and often flat geography, the U.S. state of Florida has a proliferation of swamp areas, some of them unique to the state.

Swamp types in Florida include:

Cypress dome - most common swamp habitat in Florida

Strand swamp

Floodplain swamp

Titi swamp

Tupelo gum swamp

Mangrove swamp

Florida mangroves
The Florida mangroves ecoregion, of the mangrove forest biome, comprise an ecosystem along the coasts of the Florida peninsula, and the Florida Keys. Four major species of mangrove populate the region: red mangrove, black mangrove, white mangrove, and the buttonwood. The mangroves live in the coastal zones in the more tropical southern parts of Florida; mangroves are particularly vulnerable to frosts. Mangroves are important habitat as both fish nursery and brackish water habitats for birds and other coastal species.

Though climate change is expected to extend the mangrove range further north, sea level rise, extreme weather and other changes related to climate change may endanger existing mangrove populations. Other threats include development and other human disruption.
Wigtown
Wigtown (/ˈwɪɡtənˌ -taʊn/ (both used locally); Scottish Gaelic: Baile na h-Ùige) is a town and former royal burgh in Wigtownshire, of which it is the county town, within the Dumfries and Galloway region in Scotland.  It lies east of Stranraer and south of Newton Stewart. It is known as "Scotland's National Book Town" with a high concentration of second-hand book shops and an annual book festival.

Wigtown is part of the Machars peninsula.

Hay-on-Wye
Hay-on-Wye, or simply Hay (Welsh: Y Gelli Gandryll; Welsh pronunciation: [ə ˈɡɛɬi ˈgandrɪɬ] or simply Y Gelli), is a market town and community in Powys, Wales. With over twenty bookshops, it is often described as a "town of books"; it is both the National Book Town of Wales and the site of the annual Hay Festival. The community had a population of 1,675 at the 2021 census.

The town is twinned with Redu, a village in the Belgian municipality of Libin, and with Timbuktu, Mali, West Africa.

Hay-on-Wye is often named as one of the best places to live in Wales and has been named as one of the UK's best Christmas destinations.
Thursday October Christian I
Thursday October Christian (14 October 1790 – 21 April 1831) was the first son of Fletcher Christian (leader of the historical mutiny on the Bounty) and his Tahitian wife Mauatua. He was the first child born on the Pitcairn Islands after the mutineers took refuge on the island. Born on a Thursday in October, he was given his unusual name because Fletcher Christian wanted his son to have "no name that will remind me of England."

Thursday, at age 16, married an older Tahitian woman, Teraura (Susannah/Susan Young), who had been Ned Young's original consort. She was past 30 at the time of the marriage. The ceremony was carried out with a ring that had belonged to Ned Young.

Mauatua
Mauatua, also Maimiti or Isabella Christian, also known as Mainmast, (c. 1764 – 19 September 1841) was a Tahitian tapa maker, who settled on Pitcairn Island with the Bounty mutineers. She married both Fletcher Christian and Ned Young, and had children with both men. Fine white tapa, which was her specialty, is held in the collections of the British Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum, amongst others.
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Woodstock, New York, United States, which serves as the North American seat of the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Karma Kagyu lineage. It was founded in 1976 by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa with Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche as abbot.  He held this position until his death in 2019.  The
Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche stayed in the United States to help Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche and Mr. Tenzin Chonyi establish and develop Karma Triyana Dharmachakra.

Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche
Khenpo Karma Tharchin Rinpoche (3 April 1924 – 6 October 2019), widely known by his abbreviated name Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, was a senior lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. Before his death he served as abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra (KTD) Monastery in Woodstock, New York.

Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche practiced and taught Mahamudra and Dzogchen and served as Retreat Master for several three-year retreats. He taught Buddhist history and philosophy at every level, wrote several books on philosophy and the practice of meditation, and conferred initiation at every level of Vajrayana practice, including Anuttarayogatantra. He hosted visits and teachings by the lamas of the Karma Kagyu and other lineages, including a visit to KTD by the 14th Dalai Lama in September 2006, and in late May 2008 presided over the enthronement of the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje in his principal seat in the West at KTD.
Vaudreuil (provincial electoral district)
Vaudreuil (French pronunciation: [vodʁœj]) is a provincial electoral district in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada that elects members to the National Assembly of Quebec. The biggest municipality in the district is Vaudreuil-Dorion.

It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada).  Its final election was in 1936.  It disappeared in the 1939 election and its successor electoral district was Vaudreuil-Soulanges.

It was re-created for the 1989 election from the eastern part of Vaudreuil-Soulanges electoral district.

In the change from the 2001 to the 2011 electoral map, its territory was unchanged.

It was named after former governor of New France from 1703 to 1725, Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil.

Vaudreuil-Dorion
Vaudreuil-Dorion (French pronunciation: [vodʁœj dɔʁjɔ̃]) is a suburb of Greater Montreal, in the Montérégie region of southwestern Quebec, Canada. The result of the merger of two towns, Vaudreuil and Dorion, it is located in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality.
Kursk Governorate
Kursk Governorate (Russian: Курская губерния, romanized: Kurskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1796 to 1928 with its capital in Kursk.

Governorate (Russia)
A governorate (Russian: губе́рния, romanized: gubérniya, pre-1918 spelling: губе́рнія, IPA: [ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə] ⓘ) was a major and principal administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire. After the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, governorates remained as subdivisions in the Byelorussian, Russian and Ukrainian Soviet republics, and in the Soviet Union from its formation in 1922 until 1929. The term is also translated as government or province. A governorate was headed by a governor (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from Latin gubernator, in turn from Greek kyvernítis (Greek: κυβερνήτης).

Selected governorates were united under an assigned governor-general such as the Grand Duchy of Finland, Congress Poland, Russian Turkestan and others. There were also military governors such as Kronstadt, Vladivostok and others. Aside from governorates, other types of divisions were oblasts (region) and okrugs (district).
Radio B Zwei
Radio B Zwei was a German, public radio station owned and operated by the Sender Freies Berlin (SFB). It was the second radio program of the SFB.

On February 22, 1993, the SFB launched Radio B Zwei, a first radio program in cooperation with the ORB. The new program was an information and service wave for Berlin and Brandenburg and was aimed at 25 to 50-year-old listeners. The previous SFB 2 program was merged into this program.

The further expansion of radio cooperation between ORB and SFB led to the discontinuation of Radio B Zwei on August 26, 1997. Radio Eins, a daytime accompanying program for listeners 25 years and older, went on the air as the successor station.

On the Berlin frequency 92.4 MHz, the Radio Kultur program was broadcast since October 3, 1997, which was replaced by kulturradio in 2003.

Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg
Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB; East German Broadcasting Brandenburg), based in Potsdam, was the public broadcaster for the German federal state of Brandenburg from 12 October 1991 until 30 April 2003. It was a member organization of the consortium of public-law broadcasting organizations in Germany, ARD.

ORB merged with the Berlin public broadcaster Sender Freies Berlin (SFB) on 1 May 2003 to form Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (RBB). Signals began as members of Deutscher Fernsehfunk.
Mizobe, Kagoshima
Mizobe (溝辺町, Mizobe-chō) was a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,615 and a density of 135.67 persons per km2. The total area was 63.50 km2. The area to the west and east are mountainous while farmlands are within the valley areas.

On November 7, 2005, Mizobe, along with the city of Kokubu, the towns of Kirishima (former), Fukuyama, Hayato, Makizono and Yokogawa (all from Aira District), was merged to create the city of Kirishima and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Kagoshima's airport is to the south with a runway of nearly 2 km.

It is accessed with the Kyūshū Expressway in the south at the 24th interchange and is known as Mizobe-Kagoshima Airport interchange which was opened on November 29, 1976 and expanded northward on March 22, 1980.

Mizobe has a school, a middle school, a train station and a square.

It is bounded by Kajiki to the south.

Kirishima, Kagoshima
Kirishima (霧島市, Kirishima-shi) is a city located in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2024, the city had an estimated population of 123,640 in 63202 households, and a  population density of 200 persons per km2.  The total area of the city is 603.17 km2 (232.89 sq mi). Kirishima has the second largest population of the cities in Kagoshima Prefecture. It is a crossroads for commerce between Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures. It is also the home of the Kagoshima Airport, the terminus for the JR Hisatsu line, and is served by two major expressways. The former Kokubu-Hayato area was designated as a "Technopolis" as high tech industries such as Sony and Kyocera opened facilities in the city.
Ethiopian Air Force
The Ethiopian Air Force (ETAF) (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ አየር ኃይል, romanized: Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā āyer ḫayil) is the air service branch of the Ethiopian National Defence Force. The ETAF is tasked with protecting the national air space, providing support to ground forces, as well as assisting civil operations during war.

North American T-28 Trojan
The North American Aviation T-28 Trojan is a radial-engine military trainer aircraft manufactured by North American Aviation and used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft, primarily during the Vietnam War. It has continued in civilian use as an aerobatics and warbird performer.
Akıncılar, Kahta
Akıncılar (Kurdish: Toxarîs) is a town (belde) and municipality in the Kâhta District, Adıyaman Province, Turkey. The town is populated by Kurds of the Gewozî, Kawan and Mirdêsan tribes and had a population of 1,658 in 2021.

Kâhta District
Kâhta District is a district of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town Kâhta. Its area is 1,274 km2, and its population is 127,534 (2021). On 12 October 2018, cave drawings which date back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered in the Kâhta district, due to the decline of Atatürk Reservoir waters by 10–15 meters.
Afloqualone
Afloqualone (Arofuto) is a quinazolinone family GABAergic drug and is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1970s by a team at Tanabe Seiyaku. It has sedative and muscle-relaxant effects resulting from its agonist activity at the β subtype of the GABAa receptor and has had some clinical use, although it causes photosensitization as a side-effect that can cause skin problems such as dermatitis.

Sedative
A sedative or tranquilizer is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement. They are central nervous system (CNS) depressants and interact with brain activity, causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Most sedatives produce relaxing effects by increasing GABA activity.

This group is related to hypnotics. The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs.
Jaydev Kenduli
Jaydev Kenduli is a village and gram panchayat in Illambazar community development block in Bolpur subdivision of Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is believed to be the birthplace of Jayadeva, an issue that is still debated by scholars. It has developed as a religious centre with many temples and ashramas (hermitages). An annual fair, popular as baul fair, is organized on the occasion of Makar Sankranti.

Jayadeva birth controversy
The birthplace of the twelfth-century Sanskrit poet Jayadeva, author of the Gitagovinda, has been disputed, with the neighboring states of Odisha, West Bengal  and the region of Mithila in the state of Bihar staking a claim. This had led to a bitter feud between people on both sides that lasted for over a century. The issue is still debated by scholars.
Sheila Stocks
Sheila Edmunds (née Stocks) is a former Doncaster Rovers Belles player. Sheila Stocks is the founder of Doncaster Rovers Belles. Sheila Stocks played for Doncaster Rovers Belles for 25 years and retired in 1994.

Doncaster Rovers Belles L.F.C.
Doncaster Rovers Belles Ladies Football Club, previously Doncaster Belles, is an English women's football club that currently plays in the FA Women's National League Division One North, the fourth tier of women's football in England. The club's administration is based at their home ground of Eco-Power Stadium (formerly Keepmoat Stadium) in Doncaster, South Yorkshire.

They are one of English women's football's most famous and successful clubs, being one of only three non-London teams to have won the FA Women's Premier League National Division, in 1992 and 1994. Founded in 1969 by lottery ticket sellers at Belle Vue, home of Doncaster Rovers Football Club, they have also won the FA Women's Cup six times and reached the final on a further seven occasions. They are currently awaiting the appointment of a new manager following the resignation of Amanda Greenslade on 26 January 2026.
Lay Armachiho
Lay Armachiho (Amharic: ላይ አርማጭሆ, romanized: lāy ārmāčihō, lit. 'Upper Armachiho') is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This woreda is named after "Armachiho", a province in northwestern Ethiopia along the border with Sudan and south of the Tekezé River. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Lay Armachiho is bordered on the south by Dembiya, on the west by Chilga, on the north by Tach Armachiho, on the east by Wegera, and on the southeast by Gondar Zuria. The administrative center of this woreda is Tekle Dingay.

Lay Armachiho was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as an area for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas in the fourth round of  resettlement program. Along with Qwara and Dangila in the Amhara Region, and Tsegede in the Tigray Region, this woreda became the new home for 8,671 families. This round of resettlement was reportedly accompanied with almost 68 million Birr in infrastructure development.

Wegera (woreda)
Wegera or  Wogera (Amharic: ወገራ), is a woreda in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Wegera is named for the former province Wegera, which was located roughly in the same location, and was later made part of the province of Semien. Part of the Semien Gondar Zone, Wegera is bordered on the south by Mirab Belessa, on the southwest by Gondar Zuria, on the west by Lay Armachiho, on the northwest by Tach Armachiho, on the north by Dabat, on the northeast by Jan Amora, and on the southeast by Misraq Belessa. Towns in Wegera include Amba Giyorgis and Gedegbe.

Due to its inaccessibility and the lack of the most basic infrastructure, in 1999 the Regional government classified Wegera as one of its 47 drought prone and food insecure woredas.
Interim Regional Administration of Tigray
The Interim Regional Administration of Tigray (Tigrinya: ግዝያዊ ምምሕዳር ክልል ትግራይ; Amharic: የትግራይ ክልል ግዝያዊ አስተዳደር) is an interim regional government for the Tigray Region announced by the Office of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia on 23 March 2023. This appointment was based on Article 10(1) of the Permanent Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA) signed in Pretoria between the Federal Government and the TPLF to end the conflict on 2 November 2022, which called for the establishment of an inclusive Interim Regional Administration, and a decision by the House of Federation (HoF) to establish the interim administration of the Tigray regional state, as per Article 62 (9) of the Constitution proclamation 359/1995, article 14/2/B. On the same day, Ato Getachew Reda Kahsay was appointed as IRA head for undisclosed terms.

Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement
The Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement, also called the Pretoria Agreement or the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA), is a peace treaty between the government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) that was signed 2 November 2022, wherein both parties agreed to a "permanent cessation of hostilities" to end the Tigray war. The agreement was made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the second anniversary of the war.
John Machin
John Machin (bapt. c. 1686 – June 9, 1751) was a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London. He is best known for developing a quickly converging series for pi in 1706 and using it to compute pi to 100 decimal places.

Machin-like formula
In 1706, William Jones published a contribution from John Machin of the first 100 decimal digits of the circle constant π = 3.14159..., at that time a record for accuracy, along with the unexplained and surprising formula used to calculate them,

This formula is an expanded form of the equation now called Machin's formula,

where the arctangents of ⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠ have been expanded using the arctangent series,

When applied directly to find ⁠⁠, the arctangent series converges extremely slowly, requiring five billion terms to obtain 10 correct decimal digits. Machin's formula is dramatically more practical, needing only six terms to obtain 10 correct digits.

Several other well-known mathematicians immediately set to work making sense of Machin's formula, developing their own variants and extensions, now in general called Machin-like formulas. These have the form

where  is a positive integer,  are signed non-zero integers, and  and  are positive integers such that .