hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone. It is also a common prerequisite that open standards use an open license that provides for extensibility. Typically, anybody can participate in their development due to their inherently open nature. There is no single definition, and interpretations vary with usage. Examples of open standards include the GSM, 4G, and 5G standards that allow most modern mobile phones to work world-wide.

Vendor lock-in
In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock‑in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.

The use of open standards and alternative options makes systems tolerant of change, so that decisions can be postponed until more information is available or unforeseen events are addressed. Vendor lock-in does the opposite: it makes it difficult to move from one solution to another.

Lock-in costs that create barriers to market entry may result in antitrust action against a monopoly.
Spineda
Spineda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Cremona.

Spineda borders the following municipalities: Commessaggio, Gazzuolo, Rivarolo del Re ed Uniti, Rivarolo Mantovano, Sabbioneta, San Martino dall'Argine.

Gazzuolo
Gazzuolo (Mantovano: Gasöl) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Mantua. The town had been a possession of Gonzaga family, the lord of Mantua, from the late Middle Ages, and John Hawkwood, a famous English mercenary captain in 14th-century Italy, was once the lord of this town in 1370s'-80s'.

Gazzuolo borders the following municipalities: Commessaggio, Marcaria, San Martino dall'Argine, Spineda, Viadana.
Râșca (Moldova)
The Râșca is a right tributary of the river Moldova in Romania. It discharges into the Moldova near Praxia. Its length is 35 km (22 mi) and its basin size is 217 km2 (84 sq mi). Its former lower course, the Râșca, discharges into the Moldova further downstream.

Râșca (Neamț)
The Râșca is a right tributary of the river Moldova in Romania. It discharges into the Moldova near Ungheni. Its length is 19 km (12 mi) and its basin size is 122 km2 (47 sq mi). Its former upper course, the Râșca, discharges into the Moldova further upstream.
Priendes
Priendes is one of 12 parishes (administrative divisions) in Carreño, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The parroquia is 2.31 km2 (0.89 sq mi) in size, with a population of 111 (INE 2007).  The postal code is 33438.

Carreño
Carreño (Asturian: Carreñu) is a municipality in the autonomous community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered by Corvera de Asturias on the west, Gozón on the north, the Cantabrian Sea on the north and east, and Gijón on the east and south. Its capital is Candás.
Sports club (East Germany)
A sports club (German: Sportclub, SC) was a specially promoted sports club for elite sport in the East German sports system.

The sports clubs emerged in East Germany after 1954. They were originally founded by the so-called sports associations (Sportvereinigung, SV), which served as umbrella organizations for the sports communities (Sportgemeinschaft, SG) or enterprise sports communities (Betriebssportgemeinschaft, BSG) of the different trade union areas in East Germany.

The East German sports management then tightened up the system in the early 1960s and instead set up regional district sports clubs. The sports clubs existed in this form until the end of 1990, when they were either dissolved or given new legal statuses based on the West German model.

The system of sports clubs came to prove itself in view of the very large number of medals that athletes in East Germany won in the Olympic Games and in European and World Championships.

Hallescher FC
Hallescher FC, formerly known as Hallescher FC Chemie, is a German association football club based in Halle an der Saale, Saxony-Anhalt. The club currently plays in the Regionalliga, the fourth highest level in the German football league system.

For many years, Halle had been in East Germany's highest league, the DDR-Oberliga, up-until the German reunification. However, like many other teams from the former East, it then suffered the effects of economic and demographic decline in the region in the 1990s and fell down to amateur leagues. Since 2000, Hallescher FC has ended its downward trend and in the 2011–12 season, they finally returned to a professional football league after 20 years of absence. They were relegated to the Regionalliga in 2024.
George St George (Athlone MP)
George St George (2 July 1682 – 23 December 1762) was an Irish politician. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Athlone from 1723 to 1761.

He was the son of Henry St George of Wooodsgift, County Kilkenny, which had been granted to the St George family in 1666, and Ann Hatfield, daughter of Ridgely Hatfield, Alderman of Dublin.

He married Elizabeth Bligh, daughter of Thomas Bligh and Elizabeth Napier, and sister of John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley. They were the parents of Sir Richard St George, 1st Baronet.

Sir Richard St George, 1st Baronet
Sir Richard St George, 1st Baronet (died 1789) was an Anglo-Irish politician. He was the son of George St George of Wooodsgift, County Kilkenny and Elizabeth  Bligh, daughter of Thomas Bligh, MP and Privy Councillor, of Rathmore, County Meath, and sister of John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley. His grandfather Henry St George had been granted the Wooodsgift estate in 1666.

St George sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Athlone between 1763 and his death in 1789. On 12 March 1766 he was created a baronet, of Athlone in the Baronetage of Ireland.

He married Sarah Persse, daughter of Robert Persse of Roxborough House, County Galway, (ancestor of Lady Gregory) and Elizabeth  Parsons, and had three sons. He was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, also called Richard St George.
2013 IRB Pacific Nations Cup
The 2013 Pacific Nations Cup rugby union tournament was held between five national sides in the Pacific Region: Canada, Fiji, Japan, Tonga, and USA.

Samoa were the reigning champion after they defeated Fiji in the 2012 competition but took the year off to compete in a tournament with South Africa, Scotland and Italy in the South African Quadrangular Tournament. Meanwhile, with the demise of the Churchill Cup, Canada and United States joined this competition for the first time.

The tournament ran from 25 May to 23 June 2013. Five of the matches were held in Japan, three in Canada, one in the U.S., and one in Fiji.

As with previous years, the tournament was a round-robin where each team played each of the other teams once.  Four points were awarded for a win, two for a draw and none for a defeat.  There were also bonus points offered with one bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match and one bonus point for losing by 7 points or less.

World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
The Pacific Nations Cup is an international rugby union competition held between Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Canada, Japan and the United States. First held in 2006, the tournament is intended to strengthen the Tier 2 rugby teams by providing competitive test matches in a tournament format.

Former teams include the Junior All Blacks (2006, 2007, 2009), Australia A (2007, 2008, 2015), Georgia (2018) and the Māori All Blacks (2008). The inaugural tournament was the only one that carried the title of IRB Pacific 5 Nations; from 2007 the competition was known as the IRB Pacific Nations Cup and subsequently the World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup.
Railways in Plymouth
The network of railways in Plymouth, Devon, England, was developed by companies affiliated to two competing railways, the Great Western Railway and the London and South Western Railway. At their height two main lines and three branch lines served 28 stations in the Plymouth area, but today just six stations remain in use.

Plymouth railway station
Plymouth railway station serves the city of Plymouth, Devon, England. It is on the northern edge of the city centre, close to the North Cross roundabout. It is the third busiest station in the county of Devon and the largest of the six surviving stations in Plymouth.

Plymouth is a principal stop on the Exeter-Plymouth line and Cornish Main Line; it is located 245 miles 75 chains (245.94 mi; 395.8 km) from London Paddington, via Box. It is also the usual terminus for the Tamar Valley Line services from Gunnislake. The station is served by Great Western Railway and CrossCountry; it is also managed by the former.
Otago Farmers Market
Otago Farmers Market is a weekly, year-round farmers' market held at the Dunedin railway station in Dunedin, New Zealand. Produce available at the market includes local cheese, eggs, meat and fish, alcohol, flowers, fruit and vegetables and baked goods. The market is a tourist attraction as well as a shopping experience. It has won a number of awards, and led to several cookbooks.

Dunedin railway station
Dunedin railway station is a prominent landmark and tourist site in Dunedin, a city in the South Island of New Zealand. It is speculated by locals to be the most photographed building in the country, as well as the second most photographed in the southern hemisphere, after the Sydney Opera House.

Dunedin Railways currently operates three tourist train lines out of the station, The Inlander, The Seasider, and The Victorian. There are no dedicated intercity or suburban services still operating, although in the past it was the country's busiest station, being served by up to 100 trains a day.

It is designed by George Troup, in the Flemish Renaissance style, and it is his most famous design. It earned Troup the nickname of "Gingerbread George".
Sauze di Cesana
Sauze di Cesana (French: Sauze de Césane) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 km west of Turin, on the border with France.

Sauze di Cesana borders the following municipalities: Abriès (France), Cesana Torinese, Pragelato, Prali, and Sestriere. Within the town is the Church of San Restituto, which was a strategic location during the time of the Dauphiné. In 1065 it was mentioned for the first time in the Bull of Cuniberto, archbishop of Turin.

Cesana Torinese
Cesana Torinese (French Césanne) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of Turin, on the border with France. Cesana is a popular winter ski resort, being connected to both San Sicario/Sestriere and Claviere/Montgenevre via chairlifts and gondolas. A run connecting Sagnalonga Monti della luna to Cesana is currently being renovated and will be open from 2022.
During the summer, Cesana is a popular holiday destination, famous for its many trekking and alpine lakes in the neighbouring areas.
Buddy Alexander
Stewart Murray Alexander (born February 20, 1953), nicknamed Buddy Alexander, is an American former college golf coach and amateur golfer. Alexander is the former head coach of the  Florida Gators men's golf team. He is best known for coaching the Gators to National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I tournament championships in 1993 and 2001.

1987 Walker Cup
The 1987 Walker Cup, the 31st Walker Cup Match, was played on 27 and 28 May 1987, on the Old course at Sunningdale Golf Club, Sunningdale, Berkshire, England. The event was won by the United States 16½ to 7½, their eighth successive win.

The match was one-sided. The United States led 12–4 after the second day foursomes, already having retained the cup. They won 4 and halved one of the 8 remaining singles for their biggest win since 18 holes matches were introduced in 1963.
Leusden
Leusden (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈløːzdə(n)] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. It is located about 3 kilometres southeast of Amersfoort.

The western part of the municipality lies on the slopes of the Utrecht Hill Ridge and is largely covered by forest and heathlands. The eastern parts lie in the Gelderse Valley and are mostly agricultural.

Former Amersfoort concentration camp lies just within the northern municipal border with Amersfoort.

Kamp Amersfoort
Kamp Amersfoort (Dutch: Kamp Amersfoort, German: Durchgangslager Amersfoort) was a Nazi concentration camp near the city of Amersfoort, the Netherlands. The official name was "Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort", P.D.A. or Amersfoort Police Transit Camp. 47,000 prisoners were held there between 1941 and 1945. The camp was situated in the northern part of the municipality of Leusden, on the municipal boundary between Leusden and Amersfoort in the central Netherlands.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Armstrong County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Armstrong County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Armstrong County, Texas.  The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".

There are 4 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Armstrong County, Texas
Armstrong County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population of Armstrong County was 1,848. It is in the Texas Panhandle and its county seat is Claude.

As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,848. Armstrong County is included in the Amarillo metropolitan area.

The county was formed in 1876 and later organized in 1890. It was named for one of several Texas pioneer families named Armstrong.
Schottel (company)
Schottel is a manufacturer of propulsion and steering systems for ships and offshore applications. The company founder Josef Becker invented the rudderpropeller, a z-drive, in 1950. Today the company develops and manufactures azimuth propulsion, maneuvering and steering systems. In 2014 the subsidiary Schottel Hydro was founded to bundle up the company activities in the hydrokinetic energy segment.

Z-drive
A Z-drive is a type of marine propulsion unit. Specifically, it is an azimuth thruster. The pod can rotate 360 degrees allowing for rapid changes in thrust direction and thus vessel direction. This eliminates the need for a conventional rudder.

The Z-drive is so named because of the appearance (in cross section) of the mechanical driveshaft or transmission configuration used to connect the mechanically supplied driving energy to the Z-drive azimuth thruster device. This form of power transmission is called a Z-drive because the rotary motion has to make two right angle turns, thus resembling the letter "Z". This name is used to differentiate the arrangement of drive to that of the L-drive. It does not refer to an electric motor in a rotating pod.

The device differs from a cyclorotor, which can also quickly change the direction of thrust, as the Z-drive uses a shrouded conventional screw that pivots or rotates the propeller, unlike the variable-geometry blades of a cyclorotor.
Earldom of Orkney
The Earldom of Orkney was a Norse territory ruled by the earls (or jarls) of Orkney from the ninth century until 1472. It was founded during the Viking Age by Viking raiders and settlers from Scandinavia (see Scandinavian Scotland). In the ninth and tenth centuries it covered the Northern Isles (Norðreyjar) of Orkney and Shetland, as well as Caithness and Sutherland on the mainland.  It was a dependent territory of the Kingdom of Norway until 1472, when it was absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland. Originally, the title of Jarl or Earl of Orkney was heritable.

Jarl
Jarl (/jɑːl/) was a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The institution evolved over time and varied by region. In Old Norse, it meant "chieftain", specifically one appointed to rule a territory in a king's stead. It could also denote a sovereign prince. For example: During the Viking age the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway held the title of jarl, often wielding no less power than their neighboring kings. In later medieval Sweden and Norway there was typically only one jarl in the kingdom, second in authority only to the king. The title became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by the rank of duke (hertig/hertug/hertog). The word is etymologically related to the English earl.
Rede Aleluia
The Rede Aleluia (Hallelujah Network) is 63 affiliated Brazilian radio stations network owned/rented by the UCKG (Universal Church of the Kingdom of God) in 22 of the 27 states, that cover 75% of the Brazilian territory mostly in southeastern region, and also there is an internet radio version on its site. The radio broadcasts the programming of TV Universal since 2011.

Line Records
Line Records is a Brazilian gospel record label and it belongs to Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. Was founded in Rio de Janeiro, in 1992 with the intent to tend the gospel music demand. In February 2012, it was announced that Line Records was planning to wind down and pay off its debts over the next five years.
Cabinet of David Toro
The Cabinet of David Toro constituted the 97th national cabinet of the Republic of Bolivia. It was a component of the Government Junta led by President David Toro and was in office from 17 May 1936 to 13 July 1937.

The cabinet was formed after the armed forces ousted President José Luis Tejada Sorzano in a coup d'état which brought a civil-military junta to power. For the first five days of its existence, the cabinet and the junta were chaired by Lieutenant Colonel Germán Busch until the arrival of Toro on 22 May. It was dissolved when Toro was deposed in another coup d'état led by Busch, though the junta Toro chaired remained in power.

Government Junta of Bolivia (1936–1938)
The Government Junta of Bolivia (Spanish: Junta de Gobierno), known from 21 June 1936 as the Military Government Junta (Spanish: Junta Militar de Gobierno), was a civil-military junta which ruled Bolivia from 17 May 1936 through 28 May 1938. It consisted of representatives of both the armed forces as well as the civilian sector, including moderate socialists and organized labor leaders. The President of the Junta was Colonel David Toro who came to power on 22 May 1936, six days after a coup d'état which overthrew the previous government. Toro presided over a reformist experiment known as Military Socialism for a little over a year before being overthrown himself in another coup d'état which allowed Lieutenant Colonel Germán Busch to succeed to lead the junta on 13 July 1937. The junta was dissolved on 28 May 1938 when the National Convention elected Busch Constitutional President of the Republic.
Françoise Kemp
Françoise Kemp (born 24 April 1991) is a Luxembourgish politician of the Christian Social People's Party who was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies in 2023. Since 2024, she has served as general secretary of the party, alongside Alex Donnersbach. She is the sister of Martine Kemp.

Martine Kemp
Martine Kemp (born 8 July 1994) is a Luxembourgish politician belonging to the Christian Social People's Party (CSV). She was a Member of the European Parliament for the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) from 2023 to 2024. She replaced Christophe Hansen, who decided to run in the 2023 Luxembourgish general election. She was not directly re-elected in 2024, but once again replaced Hansen after his nomination as Commissioner of Agriculture.
Subhuman Beings on Tour
Subhuman Beings on Tour!! is a live EP by American heavy metal band Skid Row. The EP was released in Japan in 1995 and consists of live performances from the Subhuman Race tour in support of their most recent album Subhuman Race.

Subhuman Race
Subhuman Race (stylized sUBHUMAN rACE) is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Skid Row, released on March 28, 1995, by Atlantic Records. This is the last Skid Row album with singer Sebastian Bach and drummer Rob Affuso, and the last one to be released on Atlantic. Despite receiving positive reviews, Subhuman Race was not as successful as the band's first two albums. Certain tracks from the album were remixed for the band's compilation 40 Seasons: The Best of Skid Row, given slightly cleaner mixes to fit better with the other tracks.
Western Springs (Auckland suburb)
Western Springs is a residential suburb in the city of Auckland in the north of New Zealand. It is located four kilometres to the west of the city centre, Auckland CBD. The park is situated to the north of State Highway 16 and the residential suburb is located southeast of the park on the opposite side of State Highway 16.

The suburb is dominated by Western Springs Reserve, also known as Western Springs Lakeside Te Wai Ōrea, which features a lake with a variety of birdlife. Auckland Zoo, Western Springs Stadium and M.O.T.A.T. (the Museum of Transport and Technology) are situated around the park. The park is the location of the annual Pasifika Festival, one of Auckland's most popular public events. Across the road from the zoo is the school of Western Springs College, with a student population of around 1798.

Western Springs Stadium
Western Springs Stadium is a stadium in Auckland, New Zealand. Built within a natural amphitheatre, it is primarily used for rugby union matches during the winter and for speedway racing during the summer. It is also occasionally used for large concerts and festivals.

Western Springs Stadium has a crowd capacity of 20,000 for sports and 49,000 for concerts. It is located four kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the city centre in the suburb of Western Springs.
2017 CAF Super Cup
The 2017 CAF Super Cup (officially the 2017 Total CAF Super Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 25th CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup.

The match was played between Mamelodi Sundowns of South Africa, the 2016 CAF Champions League winners, and TP Mazembe of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the 2016 CAF Confederation Cup winners. It was hosted by Mamelodi Sundowns at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria on 18 February 2017.

Mamelodi Sundowns defeated TP Mazembe 1–0 to win their first CAF Super Cup.

CAF Super Cup
The CAF Super Cup, known as TotalEnergies CAF Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, is an annual African association football competition contested between the winners of the CAF Champions League and the CAF Confederation Cup. The competition was first held in 1993 and is organized by the CAF.

Egyptian clubs have the highest number of victories (14 titles), Moroccan clubs have the largest number of winning teams, with four clubs from each having won the title. The competition has been won by 18 clubs, 6 of which have won it more than once.

Pyramids FC are the current defending champions, having beaten RS Berkane 1-0 in the 2025 CAF Super Cup. Al Ahly is the most successful club in the competition's history, having won the tournament a record 8 times.