hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bedfordshire and Luton Archives and Records Service
The Bedfordshire and Luton Archives and Records Service is a county record office, holding archival material associated with Bedfordshire and Luton. Established in 1913 by George Herbert Fowler (1861-1940) as the Bedfordshire Record Office, it was the first county record office in England. It is located in Bedford.

County record office
In the United Kingdom (and particularly in England and Wales) a county record office is usually a local authority repository, also called a county archives.

Such repositories employ specialist staff to administer and conserve the historic and the semi-current records of the parent body. They usually also preserve written materials from a great variety of independent local organisations, churches and schools, prominent families and their estates, businesses, solicitors' offices and ordinary private individuals.

Archives may have been acquired either through donation or (more generally) by deposit on long-term loan. Local authorities in certain larger cities sometimes administer their own separate city record office, operating along similar lines. Archive repositories are frequently – but by no means exclusively – used by local and family historians for the purposes of original research, since many records can very often have a continuing administrative or legal significance.
Jacoba van Tongeren
Jacoba van Tongeren (14 October 1903, in Tjimahi near Bandung, Dutch East Indies – 15 September 1967, in Bergen, Netherlands) was a resistance fighter, the founder and leader of Group 2000, a resistance group during the Second World War. Jacoba van Tongeren is the only woman to have created and led a resistance group during the war. In 1990, Yad Vashem honoured Jacoba van Tongeren as Righteous Among the Nations.

Group 2000
Group 2000 (Dutch: Groep 2000) was a Dutch resistance group during the Second World War in the Amsterdam area and remained virtually unknown for 70 years. The Group was founded in 1940 and was led by Ms. Jacoba van Tongeren during the entire war. For the duration of the Second World War she provided food coupons for around 4,500 people in hiding. Group 2000 had more than 140 members who, together with the people in hiding, remained invisible during the war, and also afterwards, through the use of 4-number codenames. This changed only in 2015, after the book ‘Jacoba van Tongeren and the unknown resistance heroes of Group 2000’ was published.
Wisconsin Territory
The Territory of Wisconsin was an organized and incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1836, until May 29, 1848, when an eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Wisconsin. Belmont was initially chosen as the capital of the territory. In 1837, the territorial legislature met in Burlington, just north of the Skunk River on the Mississippi, which became part of the Iowa Territory in 1838. In that year, 1838, the territorial capital of Wisconsin was moved to Madison.

Henry Hastings Sibley
Henry Hastings Sibley (February 20, 1811 – February 18, 1891) was a fur trader with the American Fur Company, the first Congressional representative for Minnesota Territory, the first governor of the state of Minnesota, and a United States military leader in the Dakota War of 1862 and a subsequent expedition into Dakota Territory in 1863.

Numerous places are named after him, including Sibley County, Minnesota, Sibley, North Dakota, Sibley, Iowa, Hastings, Minnesota, Sibley Memorial Highway, General Sibley Park, and Sibley State Park.
Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine
The substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamines (abbreviated as MDxx) represent a diverse chemical class of compounds derived from phenethylamines. This category encompasses numerous psychoactive substances with entactogenic, psychedelic, and/or stimulant properties, in addition to entheogens. These compounds find application as research chemicals, designer drugs, and recreational drugs.

The base compound of the MDxx class is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), and the prototypical agent of this class is 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"). Other notable MDxx class substances include 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"), N-methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB; "Eden"), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (βk-MDMA; "Methylone"). There are also cyclized phenethylamine MDxx compounds, such as MDAI, MDAT, MDPV, MDPM, and MDMAR.

Methylenedioxyphenmetrazine
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenmetrazine (MDPM or 3-MDPM) is a recreational designer drug with stimulant effects. It is a substituted phenylmorpholine derivative, closely related to better known drugs such as phenmetrazine and 3-fluorophenmetrazine. It has been identified as a synthetic impurity formed in certain routes of MDMA manufacture.
Design and Artists Copyright Society
The Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS) is a British company limited by guarantee.  It is a not-for-profit collective management organisation established in 1983 and in operation since 1984.

It collects and distributes royalties to visual artists and their beneficiaries, and negotiates licensing agreements between them and third parties, including Tate, Penguin, Warner Music Group and Alexander McQueen. By 2024 DACS had distributed £200 million in royalties. DACS retains a percentage of royalties collected for operating costs, including advocating for visual artists' rights through campaigning work and Parliamentary representation, plus sharing visual arts copyright information.

Copyright law of the United Kingdom
Under the law of the United Kingdom, a copyright is an intangible property right subsisting in certain qualifying subject matter. Copyright law is governed by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the 1988 Act), as amended from time to time. As a result of increasing legal integration and harmonisation throughout the European Union a complete picture of the law can only be acquired through recourse to EU jurisprudence, although this is likely to change by the expiration of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020, the UK has left the EU on 31 January 2020. On 12 September 2018, the European Parliament approved new copyright rules to help secure the rights of writers and musicians.
Jenkins' Town Lyceum Building
The Jenkins' Town Lyceum Building, also known as the Jenkintown Library, is an historic American lyceum and library building in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
Jenkintown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, Jenkintown had a population of 4,719. It is approximately 10 mi (16 km) north of Center City Philadelphia.
Dover, Delaware
Dover (/ˈdoʊvər/ DOH-vər) is the capital and the second-most populous city of the U.S. state of Delaware, after Wilmington. It is also the county seat of Kent County and the principal city of the Dover metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Kent County and is part of the Philadelphia–Wilmington–Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD, combined statistical area. It is located on the St. Jones River in the Delaware River coastal plain. It was named by William Penn for Dover in Kent, England (for which Kent County is named). As of 2020, its population was 39,403.

Delaware State Museum Buildings
Delaware State Museum Buildings, also known as Old Presbyterian Church Complex, is a historic museum complex located in Dover, Delaware. The complex consists of four buildings. They are the Old Presbyterian Church, brick chapel (1880), brick gas plant office building, and the Georgian-style Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building.  The Old Presbyterian Church was built in 1790, and is a two-story, three bay square brick early Federal style meeting house.  Buried in the adjacent cemetery are a number of prominent Delawareans including John M. Clayton (1796–1856) and John Haslet (c. 1727–1777).  The Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building houses the Johnson Victrola Museum.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Flag of Bermuda
The flag of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda as a red ensign was first adopted on 4 October 1910. It is a British Red Ensign with the Union Flag (which is the national flag) in the upper left corner, and the coat of arms of Bermuda in the lower right. Prior to this like most of the British colonies at the time it adopted a blue ensign with a seal that depicted a dry dock with three sailing ships. In 1999, the flag was changed to its current form, with an enlarged coat of arms.

Coat of arms of Bermuda
The coat of arms of Bermuda depicts a red lion with a shield that has a depiction of a wrecked ship upon it.  The red lion is a symbol of Great Britain and alludes to Bermuda's relationship with that country.  The Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt, means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us]". The modern design of the wrecked ship is known to be the Sea Venture. The arms were formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910, but had been in use since at least 1624. The arms were formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910, but had been in use since at least 1624. The coat of arms first appears on the cover of the 1624 edition of The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles. The "Somers Isles" is another name for Bermuda, named after Sir George Somers, the colony's founder.
Toiling Congress of Ukraine
Toiling Congress of Ukraine (TCU) (Ukrainian: Трудовий конгрес України (ТКУ), romanized: Trudovyi konhres Ukrainy (TKU)) was created in 1993 and in 1996 merged into the People's Democratic Party.

The party was created in September 1993 uniting several public association such as the Center "Justice", Union of entrepreneurs, Society of cooperation and others. The leader of the party was elected Anatoliy Matviyenko.

Eventually it united with the Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (PDVU) into association "New Ukraine" which eventually was transformed into People's Democratic Party.

Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine
Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (PDVU; Ukrainian: Партія демократичного відродження України, romanized: Partiia demokratychnoho vidrodzhennia Ukrainy) was a political party in 1990-96 that was created as an offshoot of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1996 along with number of other parties, it merged into the People's Democratic Party.
Annandale, Demerara-Mahaica
Annandale is a community in the Demerara-Mahaica region of Guyana, located on the Atlantic Ocean between Buxton, and Lusignan. Many of the inhabitants originally came from the Lusignan estate, while the former slaves of the plantation, bought the neighbouring Orange Nassau plantation and named it Buxton. Annandale is mainly an Indo-Guyanese community. It is divided in Annandale North, South, West and Courabane Park. The economy used to be dependent on the nearby sugar estates. The secondary school for the region is located in Annandale.

Lusignan, Guyana
Lusignan is a community in Demerara-Mahaica region of Guyana and approximately 16 km from the capital city Georgetown. Located on the East Coast of Demerara, it has a population of 1,868 as of 2012 mostly Indo-Guyanese.

The village is sustained by subsistence farming and fishing. Ecotourism is also an emerging industry.
War Plan Black
One of the United States color-coded war plans, War Plan Black was the name of an American military plan to fight Germany in the early 20th century. The best-known version was conceived in 1910 as a plan to gain control over German colonies in the Pacific and later modified as a contingency plan during World War I in case France fell and the Germans attempted to seize French possessions in the Caribbean or to launch an attack on the eastern seaboard. The United States was to plant mines and have submarines on patrol at sites Germany might seize for a foothold in the Caribbean. The plan was revised in 1916 to concentrate the main US naval fleet in New England, and from there defend the US from the German navy. Following Germany's defeat, the plan lost importance.

United States color-coded war plans
During the 1920s and 1930s, the United States Armed Forces developed a number of color-coded war plans that outlined potential US strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. The plans, developed by the Joint Planning Committee (which later became the Joint Chiefs of Staff), were officially withdrawn in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II in favor of five "Rainbow" plans developed to meet the threat of a two-ocean war against multiple enemies.
Volkswagen emissions scandal
The Volkswagen emissions scandal, sometimes known as Dieselgate or Emissionsgate, began in September 2015, when the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice of violation of the Clean Air Act to German automaker Volkswagen Group. The agency had found that Volkswagen had intentionally programmed turbocharged direct injection (TDI) diesel engines to activate their emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing, which caused the vehicles' NOx output to meet US standards during regulatory testing. However, the vehicles emitted up to 40 times more NOx in real-world driving. Volkswagen deployed this software in about 11 million cars worldwide, including 500,000 in the United States, in model years 2009 through 2015.

Bosch (company)
Robert Bosch GmbH (/bɒʃ/; German: [bɔʃ] ⓘ), commonly known as Bosch (styled BOSCH), is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 94% owned by the Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch's business.

Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control), and energy and building technology.

In terms of revenue, Bosch is the largest automotive supplier. From 2025 onwards, Bosch faced massive economic problems in the automotive sector, because global sales of German cars are declining.
Text and rubrics of the Roman Canon
The text and rubrics of the Roman Canon have undergone revisions over the centuries, while the canon itself has retained its essential form as arranged no later than the 7th century. However, there have been changes between the 1962 and 1970 versions outside of the preface and the Sanctus, specifically the 1902 English version of Nicholas Gihr's The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass (1902), and the version of the text from 1970.
The rubrics, as is customary in similar liturgical books, indicate the manner in which to carry out the celebration.

Sanctus
The Sanctus (Latin: Sanctus, "Holy") is a hymn in Christian liturgy. It may also be called the epinikios hymnos (Greek: ἐπινίκιος ὕμνος, "Hymn of Victory") when referring to the Greek rendition and parts of it are sometimes called "Benedictus". Tersanctus (Latin: "Thrice Holy") is another, rarer name for the Sanctus. The same name is sometimes used for the Trisagion.

In Western Christianity, the Sanctus forms part of the Ordinary and is sung (or said) as the final words of the Preface of the Eucharistic Prayer of remembrance, consecration, and praise. The preface, which alters according to the season, usually concludes with words describing the praise of the worshippers joining with the angels, who are pictured as praising God with the words of the Sanctus. In the Byzantine Rite and general Eastern Orthodox Christianity, the Sanctus is offered as a response by the choir during the Holy Anaphora.
Lendbox
Lendbox (officially known as Transactree Technologies Private Limited) is an Indian peer-to-peer lending and peer to peer investing non-bank financial institution founded in 2015 and based in New Delhi.

The company provides a platform for peer-to-peer lending allowing individuals to invest in loans and borrowers to obtain funding directly from individual investors.

MobiKwik
One MobiKwik Systems Limited, doing business as MobiKwik, is an Indian financial technology company, founded in 2009 that provides a mobile phone-based payment system and digital wallet. In 2013 the Reserve Bank of India authorized the company's use of the MobiKwik wallet, and in May 2016 the company began providing small loans to consumers as part of its service.

In November 2016, the company reported having 1.5 million merchants using its service and a user base of 55 million customers. The company employs over 325 people, operating in three segments including consumer payments, fintech, and payment gateway.
Duke of Rothesay
Duke of Rothesay (/ˈrɒθsi/ ⓘ ROTH-see; Scottish Gaelic: Diùc Baile Bhòid; Scots: Duik o Rothesay) is the main dynastic title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the Scottish and, later, British thrones. The dukedom was created in 1398 by King Robert III of Scotland for his eldest son.

Duke of Rothesay is the title mandated for use by the heir apparent when in Scotland, in preference to the titles Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, which are used in the rest of the United Kingdom and overseas. The title is named after Rothesay on the Isle of Bute, but is not associated with any legal entity or landed property. The Duke of Rothesay also holds other Scottish titles, including Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.

The current holder of the title is William, Prince of Wales, and his wife, Catherine, is the current Duchess of Rothesay.

Rothesay
Rothesay (/ˈrɒθsi/ ⓘ ROTH-see; Scottish Gaelic: Baile Bhòid [ˈpalə ˈvɔːtʲ]) is the principal town on the Isle of Bute, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It lies along the coast of the Firth of Clyde. It can be reached by a Caledonian MacBrayne ferry from Wemyss Bay, which also offers an onward rail link to Glasgow Central Station. At the centre of the town is the 13th-century ruin Rothesay Castle, unique in Scotland for its circular plan.
High-speed rail in Italy
High-speed rail in Italy consists of two lines connecting most of the country's major cities. The first line connects Turin to Salerno via Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome and Naples, the second runs from Turin to Venice via Milan and Verona, and is under construction in parts.
Trains are operated with a top speed of 300 km/h (190 mph).

Passenger service is provided by Trenitalia and, since April 2012, by .italo, the world's first private open-access operator of high-speed rail to compete with a state-owned monopoly.
25 million passengers traveled on the network in 2011.
In 2015, ridership increased to 55 million for Trenitalia and 9.1 million for NTV, for a combined 64 million passengers.

Frecciarossa
Frecciarossa (Italian: [ˌfrettʃaˈrossa]; from freccia rossa, "red arrow") is a high-speed train of the Italian national train operator, Trenitalia, as well as a member of the train category Le Frecce. The name was introduced in 2008 after it had previously been known as Eurostar Italia. Frecciarossa trains operate at speeds of up to 300 km/h (190 mph). Frecciarossa is the premier service of Trenitalia and competes with italo, operated by Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori. Trenitalia also operates the sister brands Frecciargento and Frecciabianca for slower services.
Cathrine Tuivaiti
Cathrine Tuivaiti (née Latu; born 25 October 1986) is a netball international who has played for Samoa, New Zealand and Tonga. She represented Samoa at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and the 2007 World Netball Championships, New Zealand at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and Tonga at the 2023 Netball World Cup. During the National Bank Cup era, she played for Northern Force. During the ANZ Championship era, she played for Northern Mystics. She subsequently played for Central Pulse, Adelaide Thunderbirds, Strathclyde Sirens and Severn Stars. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998.

2011 Taini Jamison Trophy Series
The 2011 Taini Jamison Trophy Series, also referred to as the New World Series,   was the fourth Taini Jamison Trophy series. It featured New Zealand playing England in two netball test matches, played in October 2011. New Zealand won the opening test 62–40 and the second test 53–32. As a result, New Zealand won the series 2–0. The New Zealand team was coached by Ruth Aitken and captained by Laura Langman. England were coached by Colette Thomson. The two tests were the fifth and sixth test matches that New Zealand and England had played against each other in 2011. This included a 2011 World Netball Championships semi-final.
John Henderson (architect)
John Henderson (1 March 1804 – 27 June 1862) was a Scottish architect operational in the mid-19th century. He is chiefly remembered as a church architect, with his early work being in the Gothic Revival and tractarian style, before developing his own distinct style.

David Cousin
David Cousin (19 May 1809 – 14 August 1878) was a Scottish architect, landscape architect and planner, closely associated with early cemetery design and many prominent buildings in Edinburgh. From 1841 to 1872 he operated as Edinburgh’s City Superintendent of Works (also known as the City Architect).
Holy Ghost hole
A Holy Ghost hole, or Holy Spirit hole, is a circular opening in the ceiling of a church which symbolises the descent of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. The openings are often used for liturgical performances.

They were most commonly built in churches in Austria and southern Germany during the Middle Ages and Baroque period, though classicizing architectural elements often replicate their appearance. Baroque organ sound-holes, in particular, were often decorated or disguised as Holy Ghost holes. Other features of church architecture which are similarly built into the apex of a ceiling or dome, such as oculi, often closely resemble Holy Ghost holes.

Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday that takes place on the 49th day (50th day when inclusive counting is used) after Easter. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus, Mary, and other followers of the Christ, while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–31). Pentecost marks the "Birthday of the Church".

Pentecost is one of the Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, a Solemnity in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, and a Principal Feast in the Anglican Communion. Many Christian denominations provide a special liturgy for this holy celebration. Since its date depends on the date of Easter, Pentecost is a "moveable feast". The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European, African and Caribbean countries.
Alcott House
Alcott House in Ham, Surrey (now in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames), was the home of a utopian spiritual community and progressive school which lasted from 1838 to 1848. Supporters of Alcott House, or the Concordium, were a key group involved in the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847.

Ham, London
Ham is a suburban district in Richmond, south-west London. It has meadows adjoining the River Thames where the Thames Path National Trail also runs. Most of Ham is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and, chiefly, within the ward of Ham, Petersham and Richmond Riverside; the rest is in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. The district has modest convenience shops and amenities, including a petrol station and several pubs, but its commerce is subsidiary to the nearby regional-level economic centre of Kingston upon Thames.