hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nepenthaceae (1908 monograph)
"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by John Muirhead Macfarlane on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in 1908 in Adolf Engler's Das Pflanzenreich. It was the most exhaustive revision of the genus up to that point, covering all known species, and included detailed accounts of the structure, anatomy, and development of Nepenthes.

The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies
"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg in 1928, and reprinted by Natural History Publications (Borneo) in 2006.
Utqiagvik, Alaska
Utqiaġvik, formerly known and still sometimes referred to as Barrow, is the borough seat and largest city of the North Slope Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located north of the Arctic Circle, it is one of the northernmost cities and towns in the world and the northernmost in the United States, with nearby Point Barrow as the country's northernmost point.

Utqiaġvik's population was 4,927 at the 2020 census, an increase from 4,212 in 2010. It is the 12th-most populated city in Alaska.

Naval Arctic Research Laboratory
The Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (NARL) was an Office of Naval Research research facility located at Point Barrow in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. The site is the present day location of Iḷisaġvik College.

71°19′30″N 156°40′50″W﻿ / ﻿71.32500°N 156.68056°W﻿ / 71.32500; -156.68056
Tolosa, Buenos Aires
Tolosa is a town located in the La Plata Partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. It is part of the Greater La Plata metropolitan area.

Tolosa is the birthplace of former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.

La Plata Partido
La Plata is a partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, some 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of the city of Buenos Aires.

It has an area of 926 km2 (358 sq mi), and a population of 654,324 (2010 census [INDEC]). Its capital is La Plata, which also serves as the capital of the province. La Plata is the centre of the Greater La Plata urban conurbation.

Many of the suburbs have train links to both Buenos Aires and La Plata, and also good road access via the Buenos Aires-La Plata toll highway. There is also an extensive network of buses serving the Greater La Plata area.

The city of Manuel B. Gonnet features the República de los Niños theme park.

Several parks lie along the Camino General Belgrano road, which crosses the partido north-to-south, notably the Parque Pereyra Iraola.
Soundproofing
Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation. There are several methods employed including increasing the distance between the source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping structures such as sound baffles for absorption, or using active anti-noise sound generators.

Acoustic quieting and noise control can be used to limit unwanted noise. Soundproofing can reduce the transmission of unwanted direct sound waves from the source to an involuntary listener through the use of distance and intervening objects in the sound path (see sound transmission class and sound reduction index).

Soundproofing can suppress unwanted indirect sound waves such as reflections that cause echoes and resonances that cause reverberation.

Sound reduction index
The sound reduction index is used to measure the level of sound insulation provided by a structure such as a wall, window, door, or ventilator.  It is defined in the series of international standards ISO 16283 (parts 1-3) and the older ISO 140 (parts 1-14), or the regional or national variants on these standards.  In the United States, the sound transmission class rating is generally used instead.  The basic method for both the actual measurements and the mathematical calculations behind both standards is similar, however they diverge to a significant degree in the detail, and in the numerical results produced.

Standardized methods exist for measuring the sound insulation produced by various structures in both laboratory and field (actual functional buildings and building sites) environments.  A number of indexes are defined which each offer various benefits for different situations.
Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility
The Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF), established in
1961 and formerly known as the National Scientific Balloon Facility 
(NSBF), is a NASA facility responsible for providing launch, tracking and control, airspace coordination, telemetry and command systems, and recovery services for unmanned high-altitude balloons. Customers of the CSBF include NASA centers, universities, and scientific groups from all over the world.

Palestine, Texas
Palestine (/ˈpælɪstiːn/ PAL-ist-een) is a city in and the seat of Anderson County in the U.S. state of Texas. It was named after Palestine, Illinois, by preacher Daniel Parker, who had migrated from that town.

The city had a 2020 U.S. census population of 18,544, making it the sixth-largest incorporated municipality in Northeast Texas by population. Palestine is a relatively small city located in the Piney Woods, equidistant from the major cities of Dallas, Houston, and Shreveport, Louisiana.

It is notable for its natural environment, and has a notable dogwood blooming season. It has 23 historical sites on the National Register of Historic Places, and was the western terminus of the historic Texas State Railroad. Today, this steam-and-diesel railroad museum operates tourist trains between Palestine and Rusk.
Jadran (cigarette)
Jadran is a Croatian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Adris Grupa (formerly known as Tvornica Duhana Rovinj), a division of British American Tobacco. Jadran means The Adriatic in South Slavic languages.

Drina (cigarette)
Drina is a Bosnian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Sarajevo Tobacco Factory. The brand is named after the Drina river, which forms a part of the international border between Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Coronavirus breathalyzer
A coronavirus breathalyzer is a diagnostic medical device enabling the user to test with 90% or greater accuracy the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in an exhaled breath.
As of the first half of 2020, the idea of a practical coronavirus breathalyzer was concomitantly developed by unrelated research groups in Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Netherlands, Poland, Singapore, United Kingdom and the USA.

Breathalyzer
A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of breath and analyzer/analyser), also called an alcohol meter, is a device for measuring breath alcohol content (BrAC). It is commonly utilized by law enforcement officers whenever they initiate traffic stops. The name is a genericized trademark of the Breathalyzer brand name of instruments developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein in the 1950s.
Rim (firearms)
A rim is an external flange that is machined, cast, molded, stamped, or pressed around the bottom of a firearms cartridge. Thus, rimmed cartridges are sometimes called "flanged" cartridges. Almost all cartridges feature an extractor or headspacing rim, in spite of the fact that some cartridges are known as "rimless cartridges". The rim may serve a number of purposes, including providing a lip for the extractor to engage, and sometimes serving to headspace the cartridge.

9×19mm Parabellum
The 9×19mm Parabellum (also known as 9mm Parabellum, 9mm Luger, 9mm NATO or simply 9mm) is a rimless, centerfire, tapered firearms cartridge.

Originally designed by Austrian firearm designer Georg Luger in 1901, it is widely considered the most popular handgun and submachine gun cartridge due to its low cost, adequate stopping power and extensive availability.

Since the cartridge was designed for the Luger semi-automatic pistol, it has been given the designation of 9mm Luger by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI) and the Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives (CIP).

A 2007 US survey concluded that "about 60 percent of the firearms in use by police are 9mm [Parabellum]" and credited 9×19mm Parabellum pistol sales with making semiautomatic pistols more popular than revolvers.
Ancoats Hospital
The Ancoats Hospital and Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary (commonly known as Ancoats Hospital) was a large inner-city hospital located in Ancoats, to the north of the city centre of Manchester, England. It was built in 1875, replacing the Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary that had existed since 1828. The building is now Grade II listed.

Harry Platt
Sir Harry Platt, 1st Baronet, FRCS, KStJ (7 October 1886 – 20 December 1986) was an English orthopaedic surgeon, president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England (1954–1957). He was a founder of the British Orthopaedic Association, of which he became president in 1934–1935.
Cunt
Cunt (/kʌnt/ ⓘ) is a vulgar word for the vulva in its primary sense, and it is used in a variety of ways, including as a term of disparagement. It is often used as a disparaging and obscene term for a woman in the United States, an unpleasant or objectionable person (regardless of gender) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand. In Australia and New Zealand, it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt"). The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses.

Roy Chubby Brown
Royston Vasey (born 3 February 1945), better known professionally as Roy Chubby Brown, is an English comedian. His act consists of offensive humour, high profanity and outspoken disdain for political correctness.
Tiger Balm Garden
Tiger Balm Gardens are public gardens that existed or continue to exist in three East Asia locations. They are also known as Haw Par Villa gardens.

All three Tiger Balm Garden locations were built by the Aw family (Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par). They were created to promote the Tiger Balm products produced by the family.

The original garden was located in Hong Kong but is now closed. The second is in Singapore, and a third is in Fujian province of mainland China.

The gardens contain statues and dioramas depicting scenes from Chinese folklore, legends, history and illustrations of various aspects of Confucianism.

Aw Boon Haw
Aw Boon-Haw (Chinese: 胡文虎; pinyin: Hú Wénhǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ô͘ Bûn-hó͘; 1882–1954), OBE, was a Burmese-Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist best known as founder of Tiger Balm. He was a son of Hakka herbalist Aw Chu-Kin, with his ancestral home in Yongding County, Fujian, China.
The Tritonian Ring
The Tritonian Ring is a heroic fantasy novel written by L. Sprague de Camp as part of his Pusadian series. It was first published in the magazine Two Complete Science Adventure Books for Winter, 1951, and first appeared in book form in de Camp's collection The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (Twayne, 1953). Its first publication as a stand-alone novel was as a paperback by Paperback Library in 1968; the first hardcover edition was from Owlswick Press in 1977. An E-book edition was published as The Tritonian Ring and Other Pasudian [sic] Tales by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011 as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form.

It has also been translated into Italian, Dutch, German and Russian, and was listed in Michael Moorcock and James Cawthorn's Fantasy: The 100 Best Books.

Pusadian series
The Pusadian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, begun in the early 1950s and written under the influence of Robert E. Howard's Conan stories. The series, also known as the Poseidonis series, prefigured the numerous sword & sorcery settings of the 1960s and 1970s.
Takatsukasa Nobufusa
Takatsukasa Nobufusa (鷹司 信房; 17 November 1565 – 18 January 1658) was a court noble (kuge) of the early Edo period. Born to Nijō Haruyoshi and adopted by Takatsukasa Tadafuyu, he revived the lineage of the Takatsukasa family. In 1606, he was appointed Kampaku, a regent position which he left two years later. In 1658, he died at age 92. With a daughter of the daimyō Sassa Narimasa, Teruko, he had a son, Nobuhisa, and a daughter, Takako, who married Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1623.

Takatsukasa family
The Takatsukasa family (鷹司家, Takatsukasa-ke) is a Japanese aristocratic kin group. The Takatsukasa was a branch of the Fujiwara clan and one of the Five regent houses, from which Sesshō and Kampaku could be chosen.

The family crest of Takatsukasa is peony.
Molini di Triora
Molini di Triora (Ligurian: Moin de Triêua) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Imperia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 741 and an area of 57.9 square kilometres (22.4 sq mi).

Molini di Triora borders the following municipalities: Badalucco, Bajardo, Carpasio, Castelvittorio, Montalto Ligure, Montegrosso Pian Latte, Rezzo, and Triora.

The photo over shows the village  called Corte, not Molini di Triora. Corte is close to Molini di Triora, but higher up.

Montegrosso Pian Latte
Montegrosso Pian Latte (Ligurian: Montegrosso Cian de Laite) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Imperia.
Seven heavens
In ancient Near Eastern cosmology, the seven heavens refer to seven firmaments or physical layers located above the open sky. The concept can be found in ancient Mesopotamian religion, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Some traditions complement the seven heavens with an idea of the seven earths or seven underworlds. These heavens or underworlds have been conceived of as realms with deities or celestial bodies (such as the classical planets and fixed stars).

Variants of the seven heavens tradition existed. Ancient Near Eastern cosmology more often described the number of heavens and earths as three, instead of seven. Seven as the number of heavens was the most popular value for Jewish cosmology, but depending on the text, the number ranged from 3 to 365.

Jewish cosmology
Jewish cosmology refers to the cosmological views articulated in Judaism through modern and premodern times. Jewish cosmology adopted, but also built on, biblical cosmology, blending it with other influences, from observation, ancient Near Eastern cosmology, Ancient Greek astronomy, and more. There is no definitive cosmological model that mechanically explains how the world works according to Judaism, with massive collections of writings like the Talmud presenting differing and competing views and models across the range of sages and rabbinic authorities.

Jewish cosmology can be found in biblical literature, noncanonical literature from the period of Second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE), rabbinic literature, para-rabbinic literature (notably including Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer), and more.
Koknese Parish
Koknese Parish (Latvian: Kokneses pagasts) is an administrative unit of Aizkraukle Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia. The parish center is Koknese, although as a town it is located outside the parish.

Vidzeme
Vidzeme (pronounced [ˈvid̪͡z̪eme]; Old Latvian orthography: Widda-semme, Livonian: Vidūmō) is one of the Historical Latvian Lands. The capital of Latvia, Riga, is situated in the southwestern part of the region. Literally meaning "the Middle Land", Vidzeme is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German, it was also known as Livland, the German form from Latin Livonia, though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (the Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia. Most of the region's inhabitants are Latvians (85%), thus Vidzeme is the most ethnically Latvian region in the country.

The historic Governorate of Livonia is also larger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia.
Electoral district of North Fremantle
North Fremantle was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1911.

Based in urban North Fremantle, the district was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election.

The Labour league candidates were not always successful in early elections.

The district ceased to exist at the 1911 election when it was amalgamated with the neighbouring district of East Fremantle into the new district of North-East Fremantle. Its member at the time, Harry Bolton of the Labor Party, transferred to the seat of South Fremantle.

Electoral district of East Fremantle
East Fremantle was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1897 to 1911.

Based in urban East Fremantle, the district was first contested at the 1897 election. Its first member was Ministerialist Joseph Holmes who was defeated by William Angwin of the Labor Party at the 1904 election. Holmes turned the tables by defeating Angwin at the 1905 election, however this result was successfully challenged and Angwin won the subsequent by-election. The district ceased to exist at the 1911 election when it was amalgamated with the neighbouring district of North Fremantle into the new district of North-East Fremantle, which then became Angwin's new seat.
Miyun Reservoir
The Miyun Reservoir (Chinese: 密云水库; pinyin: Mìyún Shuǐkù) is a large-scale reservoir in Miyun District, Beijing, China, straddling the Chao River (潮河) and Bai River (白河). There are two major rivers flowing into the reservoir, namely the Bai River and the Chao River. The reservoir was formally completed on September 1, 1960.

The Miyun Reservoir is the largest comprehensive water conservancy project in North China. The reservoir covers an area of 180 square kilometers, with a reservoir capacity of 4 billion cubic meters and an average depth of 30 meters, making it the largest and only source of drinking-water supply for Beijing, serving over 11 million people.

The Miyun Reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Asia and is billed as the "Pearl in North China" (华北明珠).

Miyun, Beijing
Miyun District (simplified Chinese: 密云区; traditional Chinese: 密雲區; pinyin: Mìyún Qū) is situated in northeast Beijing. It has an area of 2,227 km2 (860 sq mi) and a population of 527,683 (2020 Census). Its government seat is located in Gulou Subdistrict.
All Things Vice
All Things Vice is a blog that was started in 2012 by Australian author and journalist Eileen Ormsby about news in the dark web. Since her investigations into the darknet marketplace Silk Road in 2012, she blogged about various happenings in the dark web and authored two books, Silk Road (2014) and The Darkest Web (2018).

Dark web
The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets (overlay networks) that use the Internet, but require specific software, configurations, or authorization to access. Through the dark web, private computer networks can communicate and conduct business anonymously without divulging identifying information, such as a user's location.  The dark web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the web not indexed by web search engines, although sometimes the term deep web is mistakenly used to refer specifically to the dark web.

The darknets which constitute the dark web include small, friend-to-friend networks, as well as large, popular networks such as Tor, Hyphanet, I2P, and Riffle operated by public organizations and individuals. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as clearnet due to its unencrypted nature. The Tor dark web or onionland uses the traffic anonymization technique of onion routing under the network's top-level domain suffix .onion.
Alistair Hay
Alistair James Montagu Hay (born 1955) is an Australian botanist. He is a former director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. He is the heir presumptive to his older brother Charles Hay, 14th Marquess of Tweeddale (born 1947). Although entitled to the courtesy style of "Lord" as the younger son of a marquess, he does not use the style.

The standard author abbreviation A.Hay is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Marquess of Tweeddale
Marquess of Tweeddale (sometimes spelled Tweedale) is a title of the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1694 for the 2nd Earl of Tweeddale. Lord Tweeddale holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Tweeddale (created 1646), Earl of Gifford (1694), Viscount of Walden (1694), Lord Hay of Yester (1488), and Baron Tweeddale, of Yester in the County of Haddington (1881), all but the last in the Peerage of Scotland.  As Baron Tweeddale in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, Lord Tweeddale sat between 1881 and 1963 in the House of Lords. The Marquess's eldest son uses Viscount Walden as a courtesy title.

Lord Tweeddale also holds the title of Hereditary Chamberlain of Dunfermline.

The family seat was Yester House, near Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland.
Ælfric Cild
Ælfric Cild (fl. 975–985) was a wealthy Anglo-Saxon nobleman from the east Midlands, Ealdorman of Mercia between 983 and 985, and possibly brother-in-law to his predecessor Ælfhere. He was also associated with the monastic reformer Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester, he is also notable for being involved in a number of land transactions for the refounding and endowment of Peterborough Abbey, as well as with Thorney Abbey during the 970s and early 980s. He was exiled in 985 charged with treason, the details of which are not known.

Earl of Mercia
Earl of Mercia was a title in the late Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Danish, and early Anglo-Norman period in England. During this period the earldom covered the lands of the old Kingdom of Mercia in the English Midlands.
First governed by ealdormen under the kings of Wessex in the 10th century, it became an earldom in the Anglo-Danish period.
During the time of King Edward the earldom was held by Leofric and his family, who were political rivals to the House of Godwine. 
Following the Conquest in 1066 Edwin was confirmed as earl by King William. However he was implicated in the rebellion of 1071 and was dispossessed.
Following the death of Edwin the earldom was broken up, the power and regional jurisdiction of the earl passing to the newly formed earldoms of Chester and later Shrewsbury.
Emperador brandy
Emperador is a brand of cut brandy and brandy produced by Emperador Inc., an 81% owned subsidiary of Alliance Global Group in the Philippines. The shares of Emperador Inc. are traded at the Philippine Stock Exchange with the symbol "EMP". The beverage is primarily sold in the Philippines, and has expanded to Thailand, China, and the United States.

Alliance Global
Alliance Global, Inc. (AGI), styled on its logo as AllianceGlobal and also known as Alliance Global Group, is a Philippine conglomerate founded in 1993, it is a large holding company with business activities spanning the food and beverage industry (including both production and restaurant operations), gambling, and real estate development.

It is one of the largest conglomerates in the Philippines, and is managed by the family of its chairman and CEO Andrew Lim Tan. In 2017, the company moved its headquarters to Uptown Bonifacio, Taguig in the Manila metropolitan area (the National Capital Region of the Philippines).

On June 1, 2024, AGI announced the appointment of Kevin Andrew Tan, as president and chief operations officer of AGI, replacing Kingson Sian.