hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Sweetest Apu
"The Sweetest Apu" is the nineteenth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 2002. In the episode, Homer and Marge discover that convenience store owner Apu is having an affair with the Squishee delivery lady working in his store.

"The Sweetest Apu" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Matthew Nastuk. It features Inside the Actors Studio host James Lipton as himself. It also features references to The New Yorker, photographer Richard Avedon and the film Wild Wild West. In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 7.1 million viewers and finished in 37th place in the ratings the week it aired.

Following its home video release on August 24, 2010, the episode received mixed reviews from critics.

Inside the Actors Studio
Inside the Actors Studio is an American talk show that premiered on Bravo on June 12, 1994, airing for 22 seasons, and was hosted by James Lipton from its premiere until 2018. It was taped at the Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts at Pace University's New York City campus.

On April 2, 2019, it was announced that the show would move to Ovation with the 23rd and final season premiering on October 13, 2019. Ovation acquired the rights to all previous seasons. The show concluded its run on December 15, 2019.
Anju Mahendru
Anju Mahendru (born 11 January 1946) is an Indian actress and former fashion designer. She is best known as Kamini Gupta in Kasautii Zindagii Kay, Neelam in Kohi Apna Sa, Reeva in Kahiin to Hoga  and Beeji in Ek Hazaaron Mein Meri Behna Hai.

Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)
Kasautii Zindagii Kay (transl. The Trials of Life) is an Indian Hindi-language romantic drama television series produced by Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Telefilms on StarPlus. The show starred Shweta Tiwari, Cezanne Khan, Ronit Roy, and Urvashi Dholakia. The show aired from 29 October 2001 to 28 February 2008. Kasautii Zindagii Kay was one of the longest-running Indian television series. The entire series is digitally available on Disney+ Hotstar.
Horse trams in Adelaide
This article – one of several about Adelaide's tramways – covers the three decades before the 1910s when horses provided the motive power for all trams over a 74 miles (120 kilometres) network. Links to an overview and other articles are in the following panel.

Tramways in Adelaide
The Adelaide tramways network served much of the inner suburbs and several outer suburbs of Adelaide, Australia, from 1878 until soon after World War II, when it started to decline. The sole Glenelg light rail line, which was the only route to survive the closures, did however remain in operation. After falling into a state of disrepair and neglect, in the 2000s the line underwent major civil engineering upgrades and, progressively, 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) of route extensions; and received a new tram fleet.
Albin Julius
Albin Julius (born Albin Julius Martinek, 16 October 1967 – 4 May 2022) was an Austrian martial music and industrial artist; his primary musical project was called Der Blutharsch. His ancestors came to Austria from Bohemia, where they came from the city of Jihlava.

Julius founded the history-themed, folk-based ensemble, The Moon Lay Hidden Beneath a Cloud. His first release as Der Blutharsch was a self-titled picture disc, limited to 250 copies.

Julius released all Der Blutharsch music on his own record label, Wir Kapitulieren Niemals (WKN, which translates: We Never Surrender).  Julius founded the HauRuck! music label, which releases albums by several Neofolk and industrial groups.

Der Blutharsch
Der Blutharsch was an Austrian music project founded in 1996 by Albin Julius. Initially associated with martial industrial, dark ambient, and neofolk, the project later shifted toward psychedelic and experimental rock. Its sound evolved from atmospheric compositions to a more band-oriented style, and in 2010 it was renamed Der Blutharsch and the Infinite Church of the Leading Hand. Julius led the project until his death on 4 May 2022.
Non-binary
Non-binary (also written as nonbinary) or genderqueer gender identities are those that are outside the male/female gender binary. Non-binary identities often fall under the transgender umbrella since non-binary people typically identify with a gender that is different from the sex assigned to them at birth,  although some non-binary people do not consider themselves transgender.

Non-binary people may identify as an intermediate or separate third gender, identify with more than one gender or no gender, or have a fluctuating gender identity. Gender identity is separate from sexual or romantic orientation; non-binary people have various sexual orientations.

Non-binary people as a group vary in their gender expressions, and some may reject gender identity altogether. Some non-binary people receive gender-affirming care to reduce the mental distress caused by gender dysphoria, such as gender-affirming surgery or hormone replacement therapy.

Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders (boys/men and girls/women).

In this binary model, gender and sexuality may be assumed by default to align with one's sex assigned at birth. This may include certain expectations of how one dresses themselves, one's behavior, sexual orientation, names or pronouns, which restroom one uses, and other qualities. For example, when a male is born, gender binarism may assume that the male will be masculine in appearance, have masculine character traits and behaviors, as well as having a heterosexual attraction to females. These expectations may reinforce negative attitudes, biases, and discrimination towards people who display expressions of gender variance or nonconformity or those whose gender identity is incongruent with their birth sex.
Paul Gravett
Paul Gravett is a London-based journalist, curator, writer, and broadcaster who has worked in comics publishing since 1981.

He is the founder of Escape magazine, and for many years wrote a monthly article on comics appearing in the UK magazine Comics International, together with a monthly column for ArtReview. He has written for various periodicals including The Guardian, The Comics Journal, Comic Art, Comics International, Time Out, Blueprint, Neo, The Bookseller, The Daily Telegraph, and Dazed & Confused.

Escape (magazine)
Escape magazine was a  British comic strip magazine founded and edited by Paul Gravett and Peter Stanbury. Nineteen issues were published between 1983 and 1989.  Eddie Campbell, Phil Elliott and Glenn Dakin were amongst the many cartoonists published within its pages. Escape Publishing also released a limited number of graphic novels in the period 1984–1989, some co-published with Titan Books.
Owen Wister
Owen Wister (July 14, 1860 – July 21, 1938) was an American writer. His novel The Virginian, published in 1902, helped create the cowboy as a folk hero in the United States and built Wister's reputation as the "father of Western fiction." He was posthumously inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum and the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame. The Western Writers of America  renamed the Saddleman Award for best book of the year to the Owen Wister Award, and Mount Wister in Wyoming was named in his honor.

Mount Wister
Mount Wister (11,495 ft or 3,504 m) is located in the Teton Range, Grand Teton National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is located 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Taggart Lake and to the south of Avalanche Canyon.

The mountain is named after famed author Owen Wister, an early visitor to the area. Mount Wister was first climbed by Phil Smith in 1928.
Read-copy-update
In computer science, read-copy-update (RCU) is a synchronization mechanism that avoids the use of lock primitives while multiple threads concurrently read and update elements that are linked through pointers and that belong to shared data structures (e.g., linked lists, trees, hash tables).

Whenever a thread is inserting or deleting elements of data structures in shared memory, all readers are guaranteed to see and traverse either the older or the new structure, therefore avoiding inconsistencies (e.g., dereferencing null pointers).

It is used when performance of reads is crucial and is an example of space–time tradeoff, enabling fast operations at the cost of more space. This makes all readers proceed as if there were no synchronization involved, hence they will be fast, but also making updates more difficult.

Synchronization (computer science)
In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement or commit to a certain sequence of action.
Roslagen Marine Regiment
59°44′41″N 19°04′44″E﻿ / ﻿59.744591°N 19.079025°E﻿ / 59.744591; 19.079025

Roslagen Marine Regiment (Swedish: Roslagens marinregemente, RMR), was a Swedish Navy coastal artillery unit which operated between from 1956 to 2000. The unit was based at Hamnholmen in Norrtälje Municipality.

Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment
59°23′35″N 18°25′53″E﻿ / ﻿59.39306°N 18.43139°E﻿ / 59.39306; 18.43139

The Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (Swedish: Vaxholms kustartilleriregemente), designation KA 1, was a Swedish Navy coastal artillery regiment of the Swedish Armed Forces which operated between 1902 and 2000. The unit was based at Rindö in the Stockholm archipelago in Uppland.
2001 Gujarat earthquake
An earthquake struck India and Pakistan on 26 January 2001 at 08:46 am IST. The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch district in Gujarat, India. The earthquake had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XII (Extreme).

The intraplate earthquake measured 7.6 on the moment magnitude scale and occurred at a depth of 17.4 km (10.8 mi). The earthquake killed at least 20,023 people, injured another 166,000 and destroyed about 400,000 buildings in Gujarat and the Pakistani province of  Sindh. The vast majority of deaths and damage were observed in Kutch district, while nearly 1,600 additional deaths occurred in the cities of Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Surendranagar, Surat, Gandhinagar and Vadodara.

Bhachau
Bhachau is a city and a municipality in Kutch district (kachchh) in the state of Gujarat, India.  Bhachau was one of many devastated towns in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat, during the 1956 Anjar earthquake as well as in the 2001 Gujarat earthquake. As of 2011 it had a population of 39,532 in over 8,647 households.

Bhachau is often mentioned in the TV show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah, as the Gada family and the protagonist Jethalal hail from there. Some villages of Bhachau are included in Vagad but not Bhachau.
Oregon Shakespeare Festival
The Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) is a regional repertory theatre in Ashland, Oregon, United States, founded in 1935 by Angus L. Bowmer. The Festival now offers matinee and evening performances of a wide range of classic and contemporary plays not limited to Shakespeare. During the Festival, between five and eleven plays are offered in daily rotation six days a week in its three theatres. It welcomed its millionth visitor in 1971, its 10-millionth in 2001, and its 20-millionth visitor in 2015.

Angus L. Bowmer
Angus L. Bowmer (September 25, 1904 – May 26, 1979) was the founder of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland, Oregon, United States.  During his tenure as artistic director, he produced all 37 of William Shakespeare's plays and performed 32 Shakespearean roles in 43 separate stagings.
Amaret Records
Amaret Records was a record label that operated between 1968 and 1973. Among the artists that had their recordings released on the label were hard rock group Crow, Country singer Judy Lynn and singer Mrs Miller.

Mrs. Miller
Elva Ruby Miller (October 5, 1907 – July 5, 1997) known professionally as Mrs. Miller, was an American singer who became a novelty figure in the 1960s for her unconventional interpretations of contemporary pop songs. An untrained mezzo-soprano, she performed with a pronounced vibrato and frequently deviated from standard pitch and tempo.

Miller's recording of "Downtown" entered the Billboard Hot 100 in April 1966, where it reached No. 82. Its B-side, "A Lover’s Concerto", also charted that month, peaking at No. 95.
Brìghde Chaimbeul
Brìghde Chaimbeul (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [ˈpɾʲiːʝtʲə]; BREECH-uh-KHYM-beell; born 1998) is a Scottish piper, who plays the traditional Great Highland bagpipe and the revived Scottish smallpipes.

Ross Ainslie
Ross Ainslie (born 1983) is a Scottish traditional musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist. He plays highland pipes, smallpipes, border pipes, whistles and cittern, and is known for incorporating global influences including jazz, rock and Indian classical music into Scottish traditional music.

Ainslie is a founding member of the Celtic fusion group Treacherous Orchestra and a member of Salsa Celtica. He frequently collaborates with fellow piper Ali Hutton, with whom he won Best Duo at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in 2017. As a solo artist, he has released five albums exploring personal and philosophical themes. He is a lecturer in bagpipes at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland.
ProSieben
ProSieben (German pronunciation: [pʁoːˈziːbən], sieben is German for "seven"; often stylized as Pro7) is a German free-to-air television network owned by ProSiebenSat.1 Media.

It was launched on 1 January 1989. It is Germany's second-largest privately owned television company. Although ProSieben produces some of its programming itself, it also airs many American imports. On 3 May 2012, the network launched a pay-TV channel called ProSieben Fun. A third channel called ProSieben Maxx started broadcasting on 3 September 2013.

The three different feeds of the channel are: ProSieben (for Germany), ProSieben Austria (for Austria), and ProSieben Schweiz (for Switzerland and Liechtenstein). The main difference is that they have different advertisements and news for each target country.

The channel uses an English slogan: "We love to entertain you."

ProSieben broadcasts from the Astra 1P and 1N satellites and is uplinked by MX1 (now part of SES Video).

ProSiebenSat.1 Media
ProSiebenSat.1 Media SE (officially abbreviated as P7S1, formerly ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG) is a German mass media and digital company based in Unterföhring near Munich. MediaForEurope owns 75.61% of the company. It operates in three segments: Entertainment, Dating and Commerce & Ventures. The company is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Worker center
Worker centers are non-profit community-based mediating organizations in the United States that organize and provide support to communities of low-wage workers who are not already members of a collective bargaining organization (such as a trade union), or have been legally excluded from coverage by U.S. labor laws. Many worker centers focus on immigrant and low-wage workers in sectors such as restaurant, construction, day labor and agriculture.

National Day Laborer Organizing Network
The National Day Laborer Organizing Network (NDLON) is an American labor organization which aims at improving the lives of day laborers. It was founded in Northridge, California, in July 2001 and is based in Los Angeles, California. NDLON as a direct democracy where day laborers in member organizations vote directly for the policies at NDLON's biannual assemblies. NDLON started with 12 community-based organizations and has grown to 36 member organizations.
Pinchas Mordechai Teitz
Rabbi Pinchas Mordechai Teitz (1908–1995) was a rabbi, teacher, author, and innovator in creating a modern Torah community in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He excelled in his family's tradition of caring for Jews across the globe in any challenges they faced. A mikvah he built in 1938, a day school he founded in 1941 that grew to more than 900 students, adult education courses that he initiated, the welcome he gave to displaced persons after WWII and to Jews who came from Russia, all became a model for other leaders to implement in their cities and towns.

Elizabeth, New Jersey
Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City and Paterson, with a population of 137,298, an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 140,413 for 2024, making it the 201st-most populous city in the nation and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township.
528 Antioch earthquake
The 528 Antioch earthquake was the second major earthquake to affect the city in a span of two years. The shock occurring on 29 November, estimated at Ms 7.1, was viewed by its residents as the end of a series of disasters that had plagued Antioch. It killed at least 4,870 people and razed the remaining buildings that did not collapse in the earthquake of 526, and newly constructed ones.

526 Antioch earthquake
The 526 Antioch earthquake struck Syria and, in particular, the city of Antioch in the Byzantine Empire. It occurred some time in late May 526, probably between 20 and 29 May, during mid-morning, killing approximately 250,000 people. This was in the seventh year of the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justin I and occurred under the consulship of Olybrius. In Antioch the earthquake was followed by a fire that destroyed most of the buildings left standing after the earthquake. The maximum intensity in Antioch is estimated to have been between VIII (Severe) and IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale.
Archibald Paris (Royal Marines officer)
Major-General Sir Archibald Paris, KCB (9 November 1861 – 30 October 1937) was a Royal Marine officer who commanded the Royal Naval Division in the First World War. His son, Brigadier Archibald Paris, served in the Second World War in Malaya.

Archibald Paris
Brigadier Archibald Charles Melvill Paris, MC (28 May 1890 – 3 March 1942) was a British Army officer.

Although he is better known for having died during the events that followed the sinking of the Dutch ship Rooseboom off Sumatra in 1942, he was also one of the few British commanders that put up a good fight against the Japanese during the Battle of Malaya and the subsequent fall of Singapore.
Bacterial cell structure
A bacterium, despite its simplicity, contains a well-developed cell structure which is responsible for some of its unique biological structures and pathogenicity. Many structural features are unique to bacteria, and are not found among archaea or eukaryotes. Because of the simplicity of bacteria relative to larger organisms and the ease with which they can be manipulated experimentally, the cell structure of bacteria has been well studied, revealing many biochemical principles that have been subsequently applied to other organisms.

Bacterial capsule
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases.

The capsule—which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria—is different from the second lipid membrane – bacterial outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. When the amorphous viscid secretion (that makes up the capsule) diffuses into the surrounding medium and remains as a loose undemarcated secretion, it is known as a slime layer. Capsule and slime layer are sometimes summarized under the term glycocalyx.
Dutch Reformed Church in Africa
The Dutch Reformed Church in Africa (DRCA; Afrikaans: Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in Afrika, NGKA) was a Reformed denomination in South Africa. It was a mission church of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK) exclusively for black people, formed in 1963 during the apartheid era. Originally it was mainly in the Free State and northern Transvaal.

In 1994 it united with the Dutch Reformed Mission Church (DRMC) – a similar denomination for coloured people – to form the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa.

Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa
The Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (Afrikaans: Verenigende Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika) was formed by the union of the black and coloured Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk mission churches.
Dragon Goes House-Hunting
Dragon Goes House-Hunting (ドラゴン、家を買う。, Dragon, Ie o Kau.; Dragon, Buy a House.) is a Japanese fantasy manga series written by Kawo Tanuki and illustrated by Choco Aya. It was serialized in Mag Garden's shōnen manga magazine Monthly Comic Garden from December 2016 to December 2022 and was collected in ten tankōbon volumes. The manga is licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment. An anime television series adaptation by Signal.MD aired from April to June 2021.

Seven Seas Entertainment
Seven Seas Entertainment is an American publishing company located in Los Angeles, California. It was originally dedicated to the publication of original English-language manga, but now publishes licensed manga and light novels from Japan, as well as select webcomics. The company is headed by Jason DeAngelis, who coined the term "world manga" with the October 2004 launch of the company's website.
Marino Morettini
Marino Morettini (2 January 1931 – 10 December 1990) was a road bicycle and track cyclist from Italy, who won the silver medal in the men's 1.000m time trial at the 1952 Summer Olympics. At the same Olympic tournament he claimed the gold medal in the men's 4.000m team pursuit,  alongside Loris Campana, Mino De Rossi and Guido Messina. He was a professional rider from 1954 to 1963.

Mino De Rossi
Mino De Rossi (21 May 1931 – 7 January 2022) was an Italian road and track cyclist, who won the gold medal in the men's 4.000m team pursuit at the 1952 Summer Olympics, alongside Marino Morettini, Loris Campana and Guido Messina. He was a professional road cyclist from 1952 to 1968. De Rossi died on 7 January 2022, at the age of 90.
Battle of Alfambra
The Battle of Alfambra took place near Alfambra from 5 to 8 February 1938, during the Spanish Civil War, and was a part of the Battle of Teruel. After the conquest of Teruel by the Republican army, the Nationalists started a counteroffensive in order to reocuppy Teruel. On 5 February, a huge Nationalist force broke the republican lines north of Teruel towards the Alfambra River, took 7,000 republican prisoners and threatened the Republican forces in Teruel.

Battle of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties.

With his superiority in men and material, the Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war.