hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gabriel Wells
Gabriel Wells (January 24, 1861 – November 6, 1946) was a bookseller, historian and author. He was one of the most important antiquarian booksellers in America and Britain in the first half of the twentieth century. He was president of the Antiquarian Booksellers' Association in 1930.

His most significant cultural contribution today is probably breaking up an original copy of the Gutenberg Bible into individual leaves, marketed and sold as “Noble Fragments”.

Sotheran's
Henry Sotheran Ltd, popularly referred to as  Sotheran's, is a bookshop in London, England, claiming to be the oldest continuously operating bookshop in the United Kingdom and the oldest antiquarian bookshop in Europe.
Emilian language
Emilian (Reggiano, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân; Bolognese: emigliàn; Piacentino: emigliän; Italian: emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna.

Emilian has a default word order of subject–verb–object and both grammatical gender (masculine and feminine) and grammatical number (singular and plural). There is a strong T–V distinction, which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. The alphabet, largely adapted from the Italian (Tuscan) one, uses a considerable number of diacritics.

Tuscan dialects
Tuscan (Italian: toscano [djaˈlɛtto tosˈkaːno; di.a-]; locally: vernacolo) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Tuscan, especially its Florentine variety, formed the basis for establishing Standard Italian. Due mostly to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, the Tuscan-derived elaboration became the primary language of culture throughout Italy, and later the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach
Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (30 May 1800 – 12 March 1834) was a German geometer and the son of legal scholar Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, and the brother of philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach. After receiving his doctorate at age 22, he became a professor of mathematics at the Gymnasium at Erlangen. In 1822 he wrote a small book on mathematics noted mainly for a theorem on the nine-point circle, which is now known as Feuerbach's theorem. In 1827 he introduced homogeneous coordinates, independently of Möbius.

Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach
Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach (14 November 1775 – 29 May 1833) was a German legal scholar. His major achievement was a reform of the Bavarian penal code which led to the abolition of torture and became a model for several other countries. He is also well known for his research on Kaspar Hauser, who died the same year as Feuerbach.
Androdioecy
Androdioecy is a reproductive system characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites. Androdioecy is rare in comparison with the other major reproductive systems: dioecy, gynodioecy and  hermaphroditism. In animals, androdioecy has been considered a stepping stone in the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism, and vice versa.

Androdioecy, trioecy and gynodioecy are sometimes referred to as a mixed mating systems. Androdioecy is a dimorphic sexual system in plants comparable with gynodioecy and dioecy.

Male
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces, or is organized to produce, the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs.

In humans, the word male can also be used to refer to gender, in the social sense of gender role or gender identity.
Mary Julia Young
Mary Julia Young (fl. 1775–1810) was a prolific novelist, poet, translator, and biographer, active in the Romantic period, who published the bulk of her works with market-driven publishers James Fletcher Hughes and William Lane of the Minerva Press. She is of particular interest as an example of a professional woman writer in "a market of mass novel production."

Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Writers Before Jane Austen
Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Writers Before Jane Austen (1986), by Dale Spender, is a foundational study for the reclamation project central to feminist literary studies in English in the late 1980s and 1990s.
Pwllheli RFC
Pwllheli Rugby Football Club (Welsh: Clwb Rygbi Pwllheli) is a rugby union team from the town of Pwllheli, in Gwynedd, North Wales. Pwllheli RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union  and is a feeder club for RGC 1404. They currently compete in the WRU Division One North league.

Pwllheli
Pwllheli (Welsh: [pʊɬˈhɛli] ; listenⓘ) is a market town and community on the Llŷn Peninsula (Welsh: Penrhyn Llŷn), in Gwynedd, north-west Wales. It had a population of 4,076 in 2011, which declined slightly to 3,947 in 2021; a large proportion (81%) were Welsh speaking. Pwllheli is the place where Plaid Cymru was founded. It is the birthplace of the Welsh poet Sir Albert Evans-Jones (bardic name Cynan).

Pwllheli has a range of shops and other services. As a local railhead with a market every Wednesday, the town is a gathering point for the peninsula's population.
Aina Clotet
Aina Clotet Fresquet (born 23 September 1982) is a Spanish actress and director known mainly for her participation in numerous series of the Catalan channel TV3 among which Estació d'enllaç and Infidels stand out. In 2015 she made her directorial debut with her first short film Tiger, which was nominated for a Gaudí award.

Málaga Film Festival
The Málaga Festival, formerly Málaga Spanish Film Festival (FMCE), is an annual film festival held in Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. The festival was established to promote Spanish cinema and help disseminate information about Spanish films. Since 2017, it features an additional focus on Ibero-American films.

In 2024, it became a FIAPF-accredited film festival, as a competitive film festival specialized in Spanish-language cinema.
Volca Beats
The Volca Beats is a hybrid drum machine produced by the Japanese music technology manufacturer Korg. It was released in April 2013 along with the Volca Keys and Volca Bass. The Volca Beats uses both analogue synthesis and PCM samples to produce drum sounds. It is part of Korg's Volca line of affordable synthesizers and drum machines, it has a 16-step sequencer and can run off batteries.

Volca Keys
The Volca Keys is an analogue synthesizer manufactured by the Japanese music technology company Korg. It was announced in April 2013 at MusikMesse and was at the time one of the few affordable analogue synthesizers available. The Volca Keys uses subtractive synthesis to create sounds and is three-note paraphonic, meaning that it can play chords with all voices sharing a single voltage-controlled filter (VCF).

The Volca Keys is part of Korg's Volca line of compact hardware synthesizers and drum machines; like other models, it features a 16-step sequencer and can be powered using batteries.
Adine Wilson
Adine Rachel Wilson MNZM (née Harper; born 8 June 1979) is a former New Zealand netball international and current commentator. Between 1999 and 2007, Wilson made 79 senior appearances for New Zealand. She represented New Zealand at the 1999 and the 2003 World Netball Championships, winning a gold medal at the latter. She captained New Zealand when they won gold at the 2006 Commonwealth Games and again at the 2007 World Netball Championships. During the Coca-Cola Cup/National Bank Cup era, she played for Otago Rebels and Southern Sting. During the early ANZ Championship era, she captained Southern Steel. She was a member of six premiership winning teams – the 1998 Otago Rebels team and the 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007 Southern Sting teams. In 2022, she was included on a list of the 25 best players to feature in netball leagues in New Zealand since 1998. In 2024, Wilson was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to netball.

2004 Southern Sting season
The 2004 Southern Sting season saw the Southern Sting netball team compete in the 2004 National Bank Cup league season. With a team coached by Robyn Broughton, captained by Lesley Nicol and featuring Natalie Avellino, Adine Harper, Donna Loffhagen and Wendy Telfer, Sting won their sixth consecutive league title after defeating Canterbury Flames in both the major semi-final and the grand final.
Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa
The Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa (ILTK) in Pomaia, a village in Tuscany, in Italy (40 km south of Pisa) is a branch of the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), an international network of Gelugpa dharma centers. It is named for Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelugpa monastic order of Tibetan Buddhism. The Dalai Lama has taught there on several occasions.

Established in 1977 by the FPMT founders, Lamas Thubten Yeshe and Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, the ILTK offers various courses on Tibetan Buddhism in Italian, English, and (to a lesser extent) several other European languages. Of these, the most noteworthy is a six-year (formerly seven) Masters Program designed for the training of FPMT teachers.

Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition
The Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT) was founded in 1975 by Gelugpa Lamas Thubten Yeshe and Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, who began teaching Tibetan Buddhism to Western students in Nepal. The FPMT has grown to encompass over 138 dharma centers, projects, and services in 34 countries. Lama Yeshe led the organization until his death in 1984, followed by Lama Zopa until his death in 2023. The FPMT is now without a spiritual director; meetings on the organization's structure and future are being held.
Derek Ford
Derek Ford (6 September 1932, Essex – 19 May 1995) was an English film director and writer, most famous for sexploitation films such as The Wife Swappers (1970), Suburban Wives (1971), Commuter Husbands (1972), Keep It Up, Jack (1973), Sex Express (1975) (also filmed in a graphic hardcore version), What's Up Nurse! (1977) and What's Up Superdoc! (1978).

Stanley Long
Stanley A. Long (26 November 1933 – 10 September 2012) was an English exploitation cinema and sexploitation filmmaker. He was also a driving force behind the VistaScreen stereoscopic (3D) photographic company. He was a writer, cinematographer, editor, and eventually, producer/director of low-budget exploitation movies.
Hebern rotor machine
The Hebern Rotor Machine was an electro-mechanical encryption machine built by combining the mechanical parts of a standard typewriter with the electrical parts of an electric typewriter, connecting the two through a scrambler. It is the first example (though just barely) of a class of machines known as rotor machines that would become the primary form of encryption during World War II and for some time after, and which included such famous examples as the German Enigma.

Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting messages. Rotor machines were the cryptographic state-of-the-art for much of the 20th century; they were in widespread use from the 1920s to the 1970s. The most famous example is the German Enigma machine, the output of which was deciphered by the Allies during World War II,  producing intelligence code-named Ultra.
Hillside Lake, New York
Hillside Lake is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 1,084 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

Dutchess County, New York
Dutchess County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 295,911. The county seat is the city of Poughkeepsie. The county was created in 1683, one of New York's first twelve counties, and later organized in 1713. Dutchess County is part of the Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.
Tokko (river)
The Tokko (Russian: Токко) is a river in Yakutia, East Siberia, Russian Federation. It is the largest tributary of the Chara river in terms of length and area of its basin. The river is 446 kilometres (277 mi) long and has a drainage basin of 23,100 square kilometres (8,900 sq mi). It is navigable in its final stretch, 131 km (81 mi) from its confluence with the Chara. Tokko village is located by the river bank.

The Chara-Tokkinskaya group of deposits (Чара-Токкинская группа месторождений), the largest iron ore accumulation in Russia, is located in the Tokko basin. Rock art depictions of ancient hunters dating back to the 1st - 2nd millennia BC have been preserved on a limestone ridge rising 4 m (13 ft) to 18 m (59 ft) above the river's right bank 18 km (11 mi) from its mouth.

The waters of the Tokko are rich in fish, including grayling, lenok, taimen, pike and common dace, among other species.

Chara (river)
The Chara (Russian: Ча́ра; Yakut: Чаара, Çaara) is a left tributary of the Olyokma in Eastern Siberia, Russia. It is 851 kilometres (529 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 87,600 square kilometres (33,800 sq mi).

Together with the Olyokma, river Chara gives its name to the Olyokma-Chara Plateau (Олёкмо-Чарское плоскогорье), located to the east of its eastern bank.
Jhunjhunu district
Jhunjhunu district is a district of the Indian state of Rajasthan in northern India. The city of Jhunjhunu is the district headquarters. The district is famous for the frescos on its grand havelis and for providing considerable representation to Indian defense forces. The district falls within the Shekhawati region, and is bounded on the northeast and east by Haryana state, on the southeast, south & southwest by Sikar district & on the northwest and north by Churu district.

Churu district
Churu district is a district of the northern Indian state of Rajasthan. Churu lies in the Sekhawati region of northern Rajasthan and shares boundaries with the Hanumangarh District to the north, the Haryana state to the east, the Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts to the southeast, the Nagaur District to the south, and the Bikaner District to the west.

The district has an area of approximately 16,830 km2, with a road length of 1901 km. As of 2011, the population of the district was approximately 2,039,547. The gender ratio is 938 females per 1,000 males; literacy among residents is 67.46%. There are 8 tehsils in the district: Churu,  Sidhmukh, Ratangarh, Taranagar, Rajgarh, Sardarshahar, Sujangarh, Bidasar. The major crops include bajra and guar.
Abtsgmünd
Abtsgmünd (German pronunciation: [ˈaptsˌɡmʏnt]) is a municipality in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, in Ostalbkreis district. Abtsgmünd is located at the confluence of two streams, the Lein and the Kocher. The large area municipality consists of the main town of Abtsgmünd as well as the five districts of Neubronn, Laubach, Untergröningen, Hohenstadt and Pommertsweiler and their associated villages and hamlets. The municipality is a state-recognized recreation area in the Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park.

Until 2006, Abtsgmünd was host to the Summer Breeze Open Air metal festival.

Summer Breeze Open Air
Summer Breeze Open Air is an annual German heavy metal music festival. It was first held in 1997. The festival had been held in Abtsgmünd until 2006 when it was moved to its new location of Dinkelsbühl, Bavaria. The festival draws around 40,000 attendees annually.
Sonsogor
Sonsogor, or Sonsogod, is the highest peak in the state of Goa, India, at an elevation of 1,026 metres (3,366 feet) above sea level.

It is located at the trijunction of Sattari taluka, North Goa district and Khanapur taluka, Belagavi district, and Joida taluka, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka state, It is a part of the Western Ghats mountain range in Goa's Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary.

In July 2023, the Goa Tourism Development Corporation (GTDC) has started a Monsoon trekking programme including, Sonsogor Trek, inviting tourists with a tag line, 'Go the Top of Goa'. It is a two to three hour trek.

Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary
The Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary is a 208.5-km2 (80.5-mi2) protected area in the Indian state of Goa in the Western Ghats of South India. It is located in the North Goa District, Sattari taluka near the town of Valpoi. The sanctuary is an area of high biodiversity, and is being considered to become a Project Tiger tiger reserve because of the presence of Bengal tigers.
Kinepolis Kirchberg
49°38′03″N 06°10′23″E﻿ / ﻿49.63417°N 6.17306°E﻿ / 49.63417; 6.17306

Kinepolis Kirchberg is a multiplex cinema in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg, owned and operated by the Kinepolis Group, following their acquisition of the Utopia Group SA in late 2015. Prior to this, the multiplex was known as "Utopolis Kirchberg". It is located on Avenue John F. Kennedy east of the Kirchberg District Centre in the Kirchberg quarter, in the north-east of the city.  Originally opened in 1996, it has a total seating capacity of 2505, spread across ten screens, making it the largest cinema in the country.

Kirchberg District Centre
The Kirchberg District Centre (French: Centre de Quartier Kirchberg; German: Stadtteilzentrum Kirchberg) is a mixed-use building complex in northeastern Kirchberg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg containing both an office complex and shopping mall, with their principal tenants respectively being the European Commission's statistical office, Eurostat, and an Auchan hypermarket. Those parts of the building dedicated to office use are collectively referred to as the "Joseph Bech building", after European Union (EU) pioneer and former Luxembourg prime minister, Joseph Bech. The complex's shopping gallery is referred to as the "Kirchberg Shopping Centre".
Joseph Joanovici
Joseph Joanovici (also Ioinovici or Joinovici, 1905 –1965) was a Russian-born Romanian-French scrap metal merchant who supplied Nazi Germany and funded the French Resistance with the proceeds during the German occupation of France in World War II.

He made a fortune during the four years of the occupation, and spent it entertaining high-ranking officials. He sold the Germans metal, bribed Nazis officers, financed the Resistance, and may also have given information to Soviet intelligence.

Alphonse Boudard
Alphonse Boudard (17 December 1925 – 14 January 2000) was a French novelist and playwright. He won the 1977 Prix Renaudot for Les Combattants du petit bonheur. Boudard's 1995 novel Dying childhood  was awarded and recognised by the French Academy with a Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française.
Forklift
A forklift (also called industrial truck, lift truck, jitney, hi-lo, fork truck, fork hoist, and forklift truck) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.

The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies, including Clark, which made transmissions, and Yale & Towne Manufacturing, which made hoists.

Since World War II, the development and use of the forklift truck has greatly expanded worldwide. Forklifts have become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing. In 2013, the top 20 manufacturers worldwide posted sales of $30.4 billion, with 944,405 machines sold.

Slip sheet
A Slip sheet  is “a corrugated, solid fiber, or plastic sheet onto which a unit load can be assembled. A protruding short panel can be grasped by the jaws of a pull-pack truck and the load pulled back onto the pull-pack platform.”
Wheatbelt (Western Australia)
The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation. It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields–Esperance region.  It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region.  Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).

The region has 42 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.

Regions of Western Australia
Western Australia (WA) is divided into regions according to a number of systems.

The most common system is the division of the state by the Government of Western Australia in 1993 into regions for economic development purposes, which comprises nine defined regional regions that exclude the Perth metropolitan region. However, there are a number of other systems, including those made for purposes of land management (such as agriculture and conservation), information gathering (such as statistical and meteorological), and election for political office.

The various different systems were defined for different purposes and at different times, and give specific boundaries, but although many of the different systems' regions have similar names, they have different boundaries; the names and boundaries of regions can and do vary between systems.
Mbark Boussoufa
Moubarak "Mbark" Boussoufa (Arabic: مُبارك بوصوفة; born 15 August 1984) is a former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder or winger. He won the Belgian Golden Shoe in 2006, 2009, and 2010. Born in the Netherlands, he played for the Morocco national team from 2006 to 2019 making 70 appearances and scoring eight goals.

2009–10 Belgian Pro League
The 2009–10 season of the Belgian Pro League (also known as Jupiler Pro League for sponsorship reasons) was the 107th season of top-tier football in Belgium. The season began on 31 July 2009 with the first matches of the regular season, and ended in May 2010 with the last matches of the playoff round. Standard Liège were the defending champions.

The competition underwent a significant overhaul for this season by reducing the number of teams and, for the first time in the history of the league, introducing a playoff system to determine the Belgian champions.

On April 18, 2010, Anderlecht became champions as a result of a 1–2 victory in Bruges against one of their main rivals, Club Brugge.
Guardians of the Cedars
The Guardians of the Cedars (GoC; Arabic: حراس الأرز; Ḥurrās al-Arz) was a Lebanese nationalist party and former militia in Lebanon. It was formed by Étienne Saqr (also known with the kunya "Abu Arz" or "Father of the Cedars") and others along with the Lebanese Renewal Party in the early 1970s. It operated in the Lebanese Civil War under the slogan: Lebanon, at your service. The militia was explicitly anti-Palestinian, and gained a reputation for brutality against Palestinian fighters.

Tel al-Zaatar massacre
The Tel al-Zaatar massacre was the killing of approximately 1500 Palestinians and Lebanese Muslims in the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon on 12 August 1976. The massacre occurred during the Lebanese Civil War, after the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp had been under siege since January 1976 by Lebanese Christian militias of the Lebanese Front led by the Kataeb Phalangists. The attack on al-Zaatar was part of a wider campaign to expel Palestinians from Lebanon, especially those affiliated with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). After the massacre, the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp was depopulated and destroyed.