hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iteration
Iteration means repeating a process to generate a (possibly unbounded) sequence of outcomes. Each repetition of the process is a single iteration, and the outcome of each iteration is the starting point of the next iteration.

In mathematics and computer science, iteration (along with the related technique of recursion) is a standard element of algorithms.

Iterated function
In mathematics, an iterated function is a function that is obtained by composing another function with itself two or several times. The process of repeatedly applying the same function is called iteration. In this process, starting from some initial object, the result of applying a given function is fed again into the function as input, and this process is repeated.

For example, on the image on the right:

Iterated functions are studied in computer science, fractals, dynamical systems, mathematics and renormalization group physics.
Robert Knight (industrialist)
Robert Knight (8 January 1826 – 26 November 1912) was a New England industrialist and philanthropist, who was a partner with his brother Benjamin Knight in B. B. & R. Knight and was one of the largest textile manufacturers in the world when he died in 1912. He co-founded the clothing brand Fruit of the Loom, now owned by Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway.

Fruit of the Loom
Fruit of the Loom is an American company that manufactures clothing, particularly casual wear and underwear. The company's world headquarters are located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Since 2002, it has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.

Products manufactured by Fruit of the Loom itself and through its subsidiaries include clothing (t-shirts, hoodies, jackets, sweatpants, shorts and lingerie), and sports equipment (softballs and basketballs) manufactured and commercialized by Spalding.
Nana Palshikar
Nana Palshikar (Marathi: नाना पळशीकर) (1907 – 1 June 1984) was an Indian actor who appeared in over 80 Hindi films. He made his film debut in 1935 with Dhuwandhar, and went on to play character roles in both Hindi mainstream and arthouse films. He was also cast in small parts in a few international productions such as Maya (1966), The Guru (1969) and Gandhi (1982). Palshikar was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor twice, in 1962 and 1965. He was recognised with an award in the same category by the Bengal Film Journalists' Association in 1965.

Maya (1966 film)
Maya is a 1966 Metrocolor/Panavision American coming-of-age story drama about a young man in the jungles of India. The film was directed by John Berry and stars Clint Walker, Jay North and Sajid Khan. Italian composer Riz Ortolani, creator of the soundtrack for Mondo Cane and Pupi Avati's films, provided the musical score.
Alberto Winkler
Alberto Winkler (13 February 1932 – 14 June 1981) was an Italian competition rower and Olympic champion.

He received a gold medal in the coxed four event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, together with Romano Sgheiz, Angelo Vanzin, Franco Trincavelli and Ivo Stefanoni.

Angelo Vanzin
Angelo Vanzin (8 February 1932 – 22 May 2018) was an Italian competition rower and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal in the coxed four event at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, together with Romano Sgheiz, Alberto Winkler, Franco Trincavelli and Ivo Stefanoni.
Hyacinth Bucket
Hyacinth Bucket (née Walton; sometimes known as "The Bucket Woman") is a fictional character in the BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, and one of the main characters of its spinoff special, Young Hyacinth. She is portrayed by Patricia Routledge in Keeping Up Appearances and Kerry Howard in Young Hyacinth. Routledge won a British Comedy Award in 1991 and was nominated for two BAFTA awards in 1992 and 1993 for her portrayal.

Young Hyacinth
Young Hyacinth is a prequel to the British sitcom Keeping Up Appearances, written by original writer Roy Clarke.  The one-off special, set some forty years before the events of Keeping Up Appearances, follows the early life of Hyacinth Walton (later Bucket), as she desperately attempts to better her sisters and father. The special premiered on 2 September 2016 on BBC One as part of the BBC Landmark Sitcom Season. Patricia Routledge, who originated the role of Hyacinth, was critical of the BBC’s decision to make this prequel, saying “Why are they doing this sort of thing? They must be desperate.”
Alberta Williams King
Alberta Christine Williams King (née Williams; September 13, 1904 – June 30, 1974) was an American civil rights organizer best known as the wife of Martin Luther King Sr.; and as the mother of Martin Luther King Jr., and also as the grandmother of Martin Luther King III. She was the choir director of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. She was shot and killed in the church by 23-year-old Marcus Wayne Chenault six years after the assassination of her eldest son Martin Luther King Jr.

A. D. King
Alfred Daniel King (July 30, 1930 – July 21, 1969) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights activist. He was the younger son  of Martin Luther King Sr. and the younger brother of Martin Luther King Jr.
Sarileru Neekevvaru
Sarileru Neekevvaru (transl. Nobody can match you) is a 2020 Indian Telugu-language action comedy film written & directed by Anil Ravipudi and produced by Sri Venkateswara Creations, G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment and AK Entertainments. The film stars Mahesh Babu, Vijayashanti, Rashmika Mandanna,  Prakash Raj and Rajendra Prasad along with a special appearance by Tamannaah. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad, while R. Rathnavelu and Tammiraju handled the cinematography and editing respectively.

Sarileru Neekevvaru was theatrically released worldwide on 11 January 2020 and received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. The film, produced with a budget of ₹75 crore, grossed ₹260 crore at the box office and became the second highest-grossing Telugu film of 2020, the fourth highest grossing Telugu film at the time of its release and the highest-grossing film of Babu surpassing Bharat Ane Nenu  and Maharshi.

Devi Sri Prasad
DSP Gorthi Devi Sri Prasad (2 August 1979), also known by his initials DSP, is an Indian music composer, singer, and lyricist primarily known for his work in Telugu cinema, along with Tamil cinema and Hindi cinema. He has received numerous accolades, including a National Film Award, a Nandi Award, eleven Filmfare Awards, eight SIIMA Awards, and five CineMAA Awards.

Over his 25-year career, Devi Sri Prasad has worked on more than 100 films. He began his music career in 1997 by contributing to the studio album Dance Party. Prasad made his debut as a film composer at the age of 19 with the 1999 Telugu film Devi. His breakthrough in Telugu cinema came with the soundtrack of Anandam in 2001.
Jaggu Ani Juliet
Jaggu Ani Juliet (transl. Jaggu and Juliet) is a 2023 Indian Marathi-language romantic comedy film directed by Mahesh Limaye. It is produced by Punit Balan Studios. The film stars Amey Wagh, Vaidehi Parashurami in leading roles. The film was theatrically released on 10 February 2023.

Amey Wagh
Amey Wagh (born 13 November 1988) is an Indian actor known for his work in Marathi films such as Popat, Faster Fene, Muramba, Girlfriend. He was recently seen portraying Kushal in season 2 of Sacred Games and Balvir Subeir in Asur- Welcome to Your Dark Side and Asur 2. He is received numerous accolades including two Maharashtra State Film Awards and a Filmfare Award Marathi.
Menachem Penner
Menachem (Marc) Penner (Hebrew: מנחם פעננער; born 1971) is an American Modern Orthodox rabbi and  executive vice president of the Rabbinical Council of America (RCA). He formerly served as the Max and Marion Grill Dean of the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University and Dean of Men's Undergraduate Torah Studies Program at Yeshiva University. Penner is the Rabbi Emeritus of the Young Israel of Holliswood.

Rabbinical Council of America
The Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) is an organization of Orthodox rabbis; it is affiliated with The Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America, more commonly known as the Orthodox Union (OU).  It is one of the two main professional rabbinical association within Modern Orthodox in the United States along with the International Rabbinic Fellowship. Many rabbis of the RCA are graduates of the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary of Yeshiva University or otherwise identify with Modern Orthodox Judaism.
Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In vertebrates, the inner ear is mainly responsible for sound detection and balance. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:

The cochlea, dedicated to hearing; converting sound pressure patterns from the outer ear into electrochemical impulses which are passed on to the brain via the auditory nerve.

The vestibular system, dedicated to balance.

The inner ear is found in all vertebrates, with substantial variations in form and function. The inner ear is innervated by the eighth cranial nerve in all vertebrates.

Cochlear nerve
The cochlear nerve (also auditory nerve or acoustic nerve) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve. The cochlear nerve carries auditory sensory information from the cochlea of the inner ear directly to the brain. The other portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve is the vestibular nerve, which carries spatial orientation information to the brain from the semicircular canals, also known as semicircular ducts.
Jeremy Podeswa
Jeremy Podeswa (born 1962) is a Canadian film and television director. He is best known for directing the films The Five Senses (1999) and Fugitive Pieces (2007). He has also worked as director on the television shows Six Feet Under, Nip/Tuck, The Tudors, Queer as Folk, and the HBO World War II miniseries The Pacific. He has also written several films.

In 2014, he directed episodes five and six of the fifth season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, earning a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for the latter episode. He returned the next season, directing the season premiere and the second episode. He also directed the season premiere as well as the season finale of the seventh season. In 2021, he directed episodes of the TV series adaptation of The Mosquito Coast and the miniseries Station Eleven.

The Five Senses (film)
The Five Senses is a 1999 Canadian drama film directed, written and produced by Jeremy Podeswa.

The film premiered in the Directors' Fortnight program at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, and had its Canadian premiere at the 1999 Toronto International Film Festival.
Tony Hughes (actor)
Tony Hughes is a British-born Australian actor and singer. As an actor, he starred in The Lost Islands (1976), Chopper Squad (1977–1979) and the film adaptation of Puberty Blues (1981). As a singer he has fronted Bellydance and King Tide.

Hughes was born in England and moved to Australia at age 12. He moved into acting in the 1970s, first appearing in an episode of The Rovers. He then appeared in the entire The Lost Islands and Chopper Squad series. He made his first feature film appearance in a small part in My Brilliant Career. He was then a major cast member of Puberty Blues. After a few more small parts he moved into music, playing with Bellydance until they disbanded and then forming King Tide.

Bellydance (band)
Bellydance were an Australian 9 piece dance, funk band originally known as Bellydance Disco, which formed in Sydney 1987. Mainstays were Tony Hughes on vocals, Frank Ward on bass, Ted Cavanagh on guitar and Scott Saunders (also in Directions in Groove) on keyboards. Featured a range of musicians/vocalists and brass. Their debut album, One Blood (1993), was nominated at the ARIA Music Awards of 1994 for Best Pop Release.
South African Class HF 2-8-2+2-8-2
The South African Railways Class HF 2-8-2+2-8-2 of 1927 was an articulated steam locomotive.

In 1927, the South African Railways placed ten Class HF Modified Fairlie articulated steam locomotives with a 2-8-2+2-8-2T "Double Mikado" type wheel arrangement in service. An eleventh one was placed in service in 1928.

2-8-2+2-8-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 2-8-2+2-8-2 is an articulated locomotive using a pair of 2-8-2 power units back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between them. The 2-8-2 wheel arrangement has a single pair of leading wheels in a leading truck, followed by four coupled pairs of driving wheels and a pair of trailing wheels in a trailing truck. Since the 2-8-2 type was known as Mikado, the corresponding Garratt and Modified Fairlie types were usually known as Double Mikado.
Beatrice Blore
Beatrice Blore Browne (26 December 1886 – 23 November 1921) was the first woman to drive a car up the Great Orme, Llandudno, undertaking the feat in a Singer 10 on 11 July 1914 whilst six months pregnant.

Great Orme
The Great Orme (Welsh: Y Gogarth) is a limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, north-west of the town of Llandudno. Referred to as Cyngreawdr Fynydd by the 12th-century poet Gwalchmai ap Meilyr, its English name derives from the Old Norse word for sea serpent. The Little Orme, a smaller but very similar limestone headland, is on the eastern side of Llandudno Bay. The headland is a tourist attraction, with a Victorian tramway, a cableway, walking routes and a mining museum.
Tazlăul Sărat
The Tazlăul Sărat is a right tributary of the river Tazlău in Romania. It discharges into the Tazlău in Tescani. The following towns and villages are situated along the river Tazlăul Sărat, from source to mouth: Bolătău, Zemeș, Moinești, Găzărie, Prohozești, Negreni, Șesuri, Leontinești and Ardeoani. Its length is 46 km (29 mi) and its basin size is 210 km2 (81 sq mi).

Tazlău (river)
The Tazlău is a left tributary of the river Trotuș in Romania. Its source is in the Tarcău Mountains. It discharges into the Trotuș in Slobozia, near the city Onești. The Belci Dam, which failed in 1991, was built on the river Tazlău. The following villages are situated along the river Tazlău, from source to mouth: Tazlău, Frumoasa, Balcani, Ludași, Pârjol, Tărâța, Hemieni, Scorțeni, Tescani, Berești-Tazlău, Sănduleni, Livezi, Helegiu and Slobozia. Its length is 89 km (55 mi) and its basin size is 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi).
Citra Award for Best Actress
The Citra Award for Best Actress (Indonesian: Piala Citra untuk Pemeran Utama Perempuan Terbaik) is an award given at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) to Indonesian actresses for their achievements in leading roles. The Citra Awards, described by Screen International as "Indonesia's equivalent to the Oscars", are the country's most prestigious film awards and are intended to recognize achievements in films as well as to draw public interest to the film industry.

Sheila Dara Aisha is the most recent winner for her performance in Sore: Wife from the Future at the 2025 ceremony.

Citra Award for Best Picture
The Citra Award for Best Picture (Indonesian: Film Cerita Panjang Terbaik) is an award given at the Indonesian Film Festival (FFI) to the best feature film of the year. The Citra Awards, described by Screen International as "Indonesia's equivalent to the Oscars", are the country's most prestigious film awards and are intended to recognize achievements in films as well as to draw public interest to the film industry.

The drama On Your Lap is the most recent winner at the 2025 ceremony.
Padmanath Gohain Baruah
Padmanath Gohain Baruah (1871–1946) was the first president of Asam Sahitya Sabha and a prominent name in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was a novelist, poet, dramatist of excellence, analyst and a thought provoking writer. Considering his towering personality and profound knowledge, he is regarded as the "Pitamaha" (great grandfather) in Assamese literary world. In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the Assamese literature and society, the British government gave him Raibahadur title, a rare honour conferred for the first time to an Assamese person. He was also the first literary pensioner of Assam.

Assamese literature
Assamese literature is the entire corpus of poetry, novels, short stories, plays, documents and other writings in the Assamese language. It also includes the literary works in the older forms of the language during its evolution to the contemporary form and its cultural heritage and tradition. The literary heritage of the Assamese language can be traced back to the c. 9–10th century in the Charyapada (IAST: caryāpada), where the earliest elements of the language can be discerned.

Banikanta Kakati divides the history of Assamese literature into three prominent eras—Early Assamese, Middle Assamese and Modern Assamese—which is generally accepted.
Shah Allah Ditta caves
Shah Allah Ditta caves are an ancient archaeological site located in the Margalla Hills, Islamabad, Pakistan. The caves are believed to be 2,400 years old and are adorned with murals from the Buddhist era. The caves were first used by Buddhist monks for meditation, later by Hindu sadhus, and then by Muslim ascetics during the Mughal period. The village of Shah Allah Ditta, where the caves are located, is named after a Mughal-era dervish.

Margalla Hills
The Margalla Hills is a hill range within the Margalla Hills National Park in the northwestern Punjab region in Pakistan, forming the northern edge of the Islamabad Capital Territory, just south of Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They are part of the Himalayan foothills on the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and form a subtropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion. The Margalla range has an area of 12,605 hectares. It is a range with many valleys and rainforests as well as high mountains.
Rwekunye–Apac–Aduku–Lira–Kitgum–Musingo Road
Rwekunye–Apac–Aduku–Lira–Kitgum–Musingo Road is a road in the Northern Region of Uganda, connecting the towns of Masindi Port in Kiryandongo District to Apac in Apac District, Lira in Lira District, Acholibur in Pader District, Kitgum in Kitgum District, and Musingo in Lamwo District at the international border with South Sudan.

Kitgum, Uganda
Kitgum is a municipality in Kitgum District in the Northern Region of Uganda. The town is administered by Kitgum Municipality Council, an urban local government. It is the largest metropolitan area in the district and the site of the district headquarters.
The Big Heat
The Big Heat is a 1953 American film noir directed by Fritz Lang starring Glenn Ford, Gloria Grahame, and Jocelyn Brando about a cop who takes on the crime syndicate that controls his city.

William P. McGivern's serial in The Saturday Evening Post, published as a novel in 1953, was the basis for the screenplay, written by former crime reporter Sydney Boehm.

The film was selected for inclusion in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress in 2011.

William P. McGivern
William Peter McGivern (December 6, 1918 – November 18, 1982) was an American novelist and television scriptwriter.  He published more than 20 novels, mostly mysteries and crime thrillers, some under the pseudonym Bill Peters.

His novels were adapted for a number of films, including Odds Against Tomorrow (1959), a racially charged noir starring Harry Belafonte; The Big Heat (1953), starring Glenn Ford as a cop who will do anything to get his man; Shield for Murder, about an honest cop going bad; and Rogue Cop (1954), a film noir directed by Roy Rowland, about a crooked cop trying to redeem himself. The Big Heat received an Edgar Award in 1954 as Best Motion Picture, which McGivern shared as author of the original novel. He also published more than 100 science-fiction stories during the 1940s and 1950s. In the 1960s, he moved to Los Angeles, where he wrote for television and film.
Michelle Ye
Michelle Ye or Ye Xuan (born 14 February 1980) is a Chinese actress and producer. She is best known for her roles in Eternal Happiness, Triumph in the Skies, and Lost in the Chamber of Love. Her most notable role was in the 2009 film Accident, in which she won the 2010 Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Ye has worked as an on-site reporter for TVB at the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004. In 1999, she won the Miss Chinese International competition.

Apart from her acting career, she is the owner and chairman of the production company Michelle Ye Studios-Zhejiang Bohai Television Ltd, the owner of a sushi restaurant, and the vice-president of the Hengdian Film Association.

Accident (2009 film)
Accident (Chinese: 意外), originally titled Assassins (Chinese: 暗殺), is a 2009 Hong Kong action thriller film directed by Soi Cheang, produced by Johnnie To and starring Louis Koo and Richie Jen. Accident competed at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, and was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 17 September 2009.

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Region 1 by Shout! Factory in 2012.
Bijou Funnies
Bijou Funnies was an American underground comix magazine which published eight issues between 1968 and 1973. Edited by Chicago-based cartoonist Jay Lynch, Bijou Funnies featured strong work by the core group of Lynch, Skip Williamson, Robert Crumb, and Jay Kinney, as well as Art Spiegelman, Gilbert Shelton, Justin Green, and Kim Deitch. Bijou Funnies was heavily influenced by Mad magazine, and, along with Zap Comix, is considered one of the titles to launch the underground comix movement.

Jay Kinney
Jay Kinney (born 1950) is an American author, editor, and former underground cartoonist. Kinney has been noted for "adding new dimensions to the political comic" in the underground comix press of the 1970s and '80s.
Billy Dean
William Harold Dean Jr. (born April 2, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

He first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1990, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums (of which the first three have been certified gold by the RIAA) and a greatest hits package which is also certified gold. His studio albums have accounted for more than 20 hit singles on the Billboard country charts, including 11 Top Ten hits.

In 2000, he had a Billboard Number one as a guest artist along with Alison Krauss on Kenny Rogers' "Buy Me a Rose", and had two Number Ones on the RPM country charts in Canada.

Star Search
Star Search (later known as Ed McMahon's Star Search) is an American television show that was produced by T.P.E./Rysher Entertainment from 1983 to 1995, hosted by Ed McMahon, and created by Al Masini. A relaunch was produced by 2929 Productions from 2003 to 2004, with another launched on Netflix in 2026. On all versions of the show, contestants competed in several genres of entertainment. The show was originally filmed at the Earl Carroll Theatre at 6230 Sunset Blvd. in Hollywood; it was later filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida.
Pratt & Whitney JT9D
The Pratt & Whitney JT9D engine was the first high bypass ratio jet engine to power a wide-body airliner. Its initial application was the Boeing 747-100, the original "Jumbo Jet". It was Pratt & Whitney's first high-bypass-ratio turbofan.

General Electric TF39
The General Electric TF39 was a high-bypass turbofan engine that was developed to power the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. It was the first high-bypass jet engine developed, which became the foundation for the General Electric CF6 Jet Engine and the General Electric LM2500 Marine Turbine