hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carnivals of Iztapalapa
The Carnivals of Iztapalapa are various Carnival celebrations in the Mexico City borough of Iztapalapa. They are what remain of Carnival celebrations brought to Mexico City by the Spanish but subsequently suppressed by Inquisition authorities. There are individual celebrations in various communities, but for the close of Carnival, these communities come together for an event that can draw up to 200,000 people.

Carnival in Mexico
Carnival in Mexico (Spanish: Carnaval) is celebrated by about 225 communities in various ways, with the largest and best known modern celebrations occurring in Mazatlán and the city of Veracruz.

Larger celebrations are also found in the Baja California and Yucatán Peninsulas, similar to other Carnivals with floats, queens and costumes but are not as large as those in Rio de Janeiro and New Orleans. Smaller and more rural communities have Carnival traditions which have conserved more of Mexico's indigenous and religious heritage and vary depending on the local indigenous cultures that Carnival was assimilated into. The largest of this kind is held in Huejotzingo, Puebla, with mock battles based on the Battle of Puebla and reenactments of stories.  Other important Carnival variations can be found in Tlaxcala, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos and some parts of Mexico City.
Oxydoras niger
Oxydoras niger, the ripsaw catfish or cuiu cuiu, is a species of thorny catfish native to the Amazon, Essequibo and São Francisco basins in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. It is the largest member of the Dorididae family. This species grows to a length of 100 centimetres (39 in) SL and weighs up to 13 kilograms (29 lb). This species is a minor component of local commercial fisheries. It has lateral thorns that can damage any potential predator or handler. It feeds by shifting through sand and detecting edible items with the taste receptors in the roof and floor of its mouth.

Doradidae
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes  or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.

Doradids are omnivorous.
Rebel Youth
Rebel Youth (French: Jeunesse militante) is the bilingual magazine of the Young Communist League of Canada (YCL), published beginning in the late 1980s and relaunched in 2005. It seeks to "[offer] weekly pan-Canadian socialist perspectives on the youth and student movement across Canada and internationally."

Young Communist League of Canada
The Young Communist League of Canada (YCL-LJC) is a Canadian Marxist–Leninist youth organization founded in 1922. The organization is ideologically aligned with, but organizationally independent from, the Communist Party of Canada. The organization's members played a leading role in the On-to-Ottawa Trek and made up a significant portion of the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion, which fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War.
Spin(7)-manifold
In mathematics, a Spin(7)-manifold is an eight-dimensional Riemannian manifold whose holonomy group is contained in Spin(7). Spin(7)-manifolds are Ricci-flat and admit a parallel spinor.  They also admit a parallel 4-form, known as the Cayley form, which is a calibrating form for a special class of submanifolds called Cayley cycles.  In fact, the Riemannian metric and the Cayley form determine each other.

Ricci-flat manifold
In the mathematical field of differential geometry, Ricci-flatness is a condition on the curvature of a Riemannian manifold. Ricci-flat manifolds are a special kind of Einstein manifold. In theoretical physics, Ricci-flat Lorentzian manifolds are of fundamental interest, as they are the solutions of Einstein's field equations in a vacuum with vanishing cosmological constant.

In Lorentzian geometry, a number of Ricci-flat metrics are known from works of Karl Schwarzschild, Roy Kerr, and Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat. In Riemannian geometry, Shing-Tung Yau's resolution of the Calabi conjecture produced a number of Ricci-flat metrics on Kähler manifolds.
Amorphis
Amorphis is a Finnish progressive metal band founded by Jan Rechberger, Tomi Koivusaari, and Esa Holopainen in 1990. Initially, the band was a death metal act, but on later albums they evolved into playing other genres, including progressive metal, folk metal, and melodic death metal. They frequently use the Kalevala, the epic poem of Finland, as a source for their lyrics.

Olli-Pekka Laine
Olli-Pekka Laine (born 5 February 1973) is a Finnish musician, currently serving as a bassist in the metal bands Amorphis (1990–2000, 2017–) and Barren Earth (2008–) Octoploid (2024–). He was also formerly part of other Finnish metal bands, Nuxvomica (1990), Rytmihäiriö (1991–1992), Mannhai (2001–2006, 2016), Chaosbreed (2003–2005) & Kiljuvelka-70.
Second Battle of Guararapes
The Second Battle of Guararapes was the second and decisive battle in the Insurrection of Pernambuco between Dutch and Portuguese forces in February 1649 at Jaboatão dos Guararapes in Pernambuco. The defeat convinced the Dutch "that the Portuguese were formidable opponents, something which they had hitherto refused to concede." The Dutch still retained a presence in Brazil until 1654 and a treaty was signed in 1661.

Treaty of The Hague (1661)
The Treaty of The Hague (also known as the Treaty of Den Haag) was signed on 6 August 1661 between representatives of the Dutch Republic and Portugal. Based on the terms of the treaty, the Dutch Republic recognized Portuguese sovereignty over New Holland (Dutch Brazil) in exchange for an indemnity of 4 million reis, conversion from 2 million caroli guilders, over the span of 16 years.
Interlaken, New Jersey
Interlaken is a borough situated in the Jersey Shore region, within Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 828, an increase of 8 (+1.0%) from the 2010 census count of 820, which in turn had reflected a decline of 80 (−8.9%) from the 900 counted in the 2000 census.

Interlaken was authorized for prospective incorporation as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 11, 1922, from portions of Ocean Township, subject to approval by a majority of voters in the affected area. Voters approved the incorporation of Interlaken in a referendum held on May 3, 1922.

Interlaken is a dry town where alcohol is not permitted to be sold by law.

Loch Arbour, New Jersey
Loch Arbour is a village situated on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the village's population was 224, an increase of 30 (+15.5%) from the 2010 census count of 194, which had in turn reflected a decline of 86 (−30.7%) from the 280 recorded at the 2000 census.

In 2020, Loch Arbour was the third-smallest municipality in New Jersey in terms of area (behind Shrewsbury Township and East Newark) and was the fifth-smallest municipality by population in the state of New Jersey.
Frithegod
Frithegod, (flourished circa (c.) 950 to c. 958) was a poet and clergyman in the mid 10th-century who served Oda of Canterbury, an Archbishop of Canterbury. As a non-native of England, he came to Canterbury and entered Oda's service as a teacher and scholar. After Oda's death he likely returned to the continent. His most influential writing was a poem on the life of Wilfrid, an 8th-century bishop and saint, named Breviloquium Vitae Wilfridi. Several manuscripts of this poem survive, as well as a few other of Frithegod's poems. He was also known for the complexity of his writings, with one historian even calling the Breviloquium "damnably difficult".

Oda of Canterbury
Oda (or Odo; died 958) the Good was a 10th-century Archbishop of Canterbury in England. The son of a Danish invader, Oda became Bishop of Ramsbury before 928. A number of stories were told about his actions both prior to becoming and while a bishop, but few of these incidents are recorded in contemporary accounts. After being named to Canterbury in 941, Oda was instrumental in crafting royal legislation as well as involved in providing rules for his clergy. Oda was also involved in the efforts to reform religious life in England. He died in 958 and legendary tales afterwards were ascribed to him. Later he came to be regarded as a saint, and a hagiography was written in the late 11th or early 12th century.
Märklin Digital
Märklin Digital was among the earlier digital model railway control systems. It was a comprehensive system including locomotive decoders (based on a Motorola chip), central control (Märklin 6020/6021), a computer interface (Märklin 6050), turnout decoders (Märklin 6083), digital relays (Märklin 6084) and feedback modules (Märklin s88/6088). The initial system was presented at the 1979 Nürnberg International Toy Fair, released in Europe in 1985 and the USA in 1986 under the name Digital H0.

Märklin
Gebr. Märklin & Cie. GmbH or Märklin (stylized as ma̋rklín) (MÄRKLIN or MAERKLIN in capital letters) is a German toy company.  The company was founded in 1859 and is based at Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg. Although it originally specialised in doll house accessories, today it is best known for model railways and technical toys. In some parts of Germany and in Sweden, the company's name is almost synonymous with model railways.
St Olave's Church, Gatcombe
St Olave's Church, Gatcombe is a parish church in the Church of England located in Gatcombe, Isle of Wight. It is grouped with Sts Thomas Minster, Newport, St John's, Newport and St Mary's, Carisbrooke.

Church of St John the Baptist, Newport
50°41′45″N 01°17′43″W﻿ / ﻿50.69583°N 1.29528°W﻿ / 50.69583; -1.29528

The Church of St. John the Baptist, Newport is a parish church in the Church of England located in Newport, Isle of Wight. It is a Grade II listed building, the only surviving building by the British architect Robert Gunter Wetten (1804–1868).
Stormarn (gau)
Stormarn (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtɔʁmaʁn] ⓘ) was a gau which, alongside Holstein and Dithmarschen, was one of the three Northern Albingian Saxon gaus.

The Gau of Stormarn lay in the southeast of Schleswig-Holstein. As well as the present county of Stormarn it also covered the territory of present-day Pinneberg, part of Steinburg, parts of Segeberg and the present land of the Hanseatic city of Hamburg north of the Elbe. The "Stormarni" were recorded in documents from the 11th century, like the Hamburg Church History (Hamburgische Kirchengeschichte) by Adam of Bremen. The document refers to the Stormarni as one of the Saxon tribes.

Holstein
Holstein (/ˈhoʊlstaɪn/; German: [ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ⓘ; Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen; Danish: Holsten; Latin: Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.

Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (German: Grafschaft Holstein; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig). The capital of Holstein is Kiel.

Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" or "hill-sitters" (Northern Low Saxon: Hol(t)saten; German: Holzsassen).
Perkins House (Newton, North Carolina)
Perkins House is a historic home located near Newton, Catawba County, North Carolina. It was built about 1790, and is a two-story, three bay Federal  style brick dwelling. It features a hip-roof porch and a very wide, double shoulder chimney with flared headers.  The interior woodwork was removed by the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, Old Salem.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

Newton, North Carolina
Newton is a city in Catawba County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Newton had a population of 13,148. It is the county seat of Catawba County. Newton is part of the Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Hisham ibn al-Hakam
Abā Muḥammad Hishām ibn al-Ḥakam al-Kūfī al-Kindī (Arabic: أبَا مُحَمَّدٍ هِشَام بنُ الحَكَمِ الكوفِي الكِندِي, d. either 795–6 AD or after 803 AD or 815 AD) commonly known as Hisham ibn al-Hakam, was a Shia Muslim scholar, theologian (mutakallim) and a companion of Imams Jafar al-Sadiq (732–765) and Musa al-Kadhim (765–799). He was famous for his debates regarding Imamate, free will (jabr) and the existence of God. His hadith is considered trustworthy by all Shia scholars. He authored numerous works and treatises on various subjects, including Imamate, refutation of the Mu'tazilites and Qadariyah (determinists) and on Aristotle. His work regarding Imamah apparently formed the base of Firaq al-Shi'a, one of the primary sources on Shiite sects until the 9th century, by Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Nawbakhti.

Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Nawbakhti
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b Mūsā an-Nawbakhtī (الحسن بن موسى النوبختي; born late 9th century and died between 912 and 922) was a leading Shī'ī Muslim theologian and philosopher in the first half of the 10th century of  Persian descent. The Nawbakhtī family boasted a number of scholars famous  at the Abbāsid court of Hārūn al-Rashīd (786–809). Al-Ḥasan ibn Mūsa is best known for his book about the Shi'a sects titled Firaq al-Shi'a, which significantly relies on Hisham ibn al-Hakam's earlier work Ikhtilaf al-nass fi l-imama.
Burton Machine Rifle
The Winchester-Burton Light Machine Rifle or Burton M1917 LMR (known colloquially as the Burton) is an early automatic rifle designed by Frank F. Burton in 1917. It is thought to have been designed for destroying enemy observation balloons, but the theory is unconfirmed. It is one of the first true assault rifles.

Automatic rifle
An automatic rifle is a type of autoloading rifle that is capable of fully automatic fire. Automatic rifles are generally select-fire weapons capable of firing in semi-automatic and automatic firing modes (some automatic rifles are capable of burst-fire as well). Automatic rifles are distinguished from semi-automatic rifles in their ability to fire more than one shot in succession once the trigger is pulled. Most automatic rifles are further subcategorized as battle rifles or assault rifles.
Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.

Tsing Yi Bay
Tsing Yi Bay was a bay on the east side of Hong Kong's Tsing Yi Island, beside the Rambler Channel, approximately on the site of modern-day Tsing Yi Park. The whole bay was reclaimed for the development of new towns. Before reclamation, it was surrounded by places known as Tsing Leng Tsui, Sheung Ko Tan (上高灘), Ha Chung Mei, Tai Wong Ha and Tsing Yi Town. The names of these places have since changed, and can now be translated, approximately, as Grand Horizon, Green Field Garden, Fung Shue Wo Road, Tsing Yi Estate and Tsing Yi Garden.
147th meridian east
The meridian 147° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 147th meridian east forms a great circle with the 33rd meridian west.

33rd meridian west
The meridian 33° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

The 33rd meridian west forms a great circle with the 147th meridian east.
Ambiorix
Ambiorix (Gaulish "king of the surroundings", or "king-protector") (fl. 54–53 BC) was, together with Cativolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica), where modern Belgium is located. In the 19th century, Ambiorix became a Belgian national hero because of his resistance against Julius Caesar, as written in Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico.

Belgae
The Belgae (/ˈbɛldʒiː/ BELL-jee, /-ɡaɪ/ -⁠gye) were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Julius Caesar in his account of his wars in Gaul. Some peoples in southern Britain were also called Belgae and had apparently moved from the continent. T. F. O'Rahilly believed that some had moved further west and he equated them with the Fir Bolg in Ireland. The Roman province of Gallia Belgica was named after the continental Belgae. The term continued to be used in the region until the present day and is reflected in the name of the modern country of Belgium.
Nikita Koloff
Nikita Koloff (born Nelson Scott Simpson, March 9, 1959) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with Jim Crockett Promotions and its successor, World Championship Wrestling between 1984 and 1992, where he was billed from Russia (and, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania). During his career, Koloff held championships including the NWA World Six-Man Tag Team Championship, NWA World Tag Team Championship, NWA United States Championship, NWA World Television Championship, and UWF World Television Championship. He was inducted into the George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2006 and the National Wrestling Alliance Hall of Fame of 2008.

NWA National Heavyweight Championship
The NWA National Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling championship owned and promoted by the U.S.-based, National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).

The championship was established in January 1980 as the top singles title of Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW), a prominent NWA-affiliated promotion. Until its September 1986 deactivation, the title remained Georgia-based—across 3 different owners (GCW; Championship Wrestling from Georgia, and Jim Crockett Promotions).

The title was reactivated in May 1997 and promoted by a handful of NWA-affiliated independent promotions, until it was vacated in October 2017.

In October 2018, the title was renamed the "NWA National Championship", reactivated, and the NWA (now a promotion, instead of a sanctioning body) held an 8-person tournament to crown a new titleholder.
Giulia Grisi
Giulia Grisi (22 May 1811 – 29 November 1869) was an Italian opera singer. She performed widely in Europe, the United States and South America and was among the leading sopranos of the 19th century.

Her second husband was Giovanni Matteo de Candia (also known as "Mario the Tenor"), scion of a noble family of the Kingdom of Sardinia. She is buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Her grave is marked "Juliette de Candia", styled in her married last name; usually better known by the courtesy title the Marquesse of Candia.

Cecilia Maria de Candia
Cecilia Maria de Candia (24 December 1853, Brighton, England – 26 May 1926, Bordighera, Italy), later Mrs Godfrey Pearse, was an Italian-British writer, amateur singer and society hostess. She was the daughter of two famous opera singers, Giulia Grisi and the Cavaliere don Giovanni Matteo de Candia, who sang under the popular name of Mario the tenor, the youngest son of Stefano de Candia, Royal Governor General of Nice, Marquis of Candia and Aide-de-Camp to the King of Sardinia, Carlo Felice di Savoia.
Don Colpoys
Donald W. Colpoys (June 19, 1934 – March 29, 2018) was an American baseball coach and executive. Colpoys was the head baseball coach at Canisius College from 1977 to 2001, compiling an overall record of 325–489–2. He also served as general manager of the Buffalo Bisons from 1979 to 1984. Colpoys was elected to the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 2007, the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame in 2011, and the Canisius College Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. Colpoys died on March 29, 2018, at the age of 83.

Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame
The Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame was started by the Buffalo Bisons organization in 1985 to honor former members of the Buffalo Bisons (1878, 1887–1888), Buffalo Bisons (1879–1885), Buffalo Bisons (1886–1970), Buffalo Bisons (1890), Buffalo Blues (1914–1915), Buffalo Bisons (1979–present), and other contributors to professional baseball in Western New York.

Plaques honoring all members of the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame were displayed within the Hall of Fame and Heritage Room at Sahlen Field before its removal in 2021.
Chahar Borj
Chahar Borj (Persian: چهاربرج) is a city in the Central District of Chaharborj County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the south shore of Lake Urmia and 21 kilometres (13 mi) northwest of the city of Miandoab. As the village of Chahar Borj-e Qadim, it was the capital of Marhemetabad-e Shomali Rural District until the capital was transferred to the village of Shabanlu.

Shabanlu, West Azerbaijan
Shabanlu (Persian: شعبانلو) is a village in, and the capital of, Marhemetabad-e Shomali Rural District in the Central District of Chaharborj County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Chahar Borj-e Qadim, now the city of Chahar Borj.
Barcaldine Shire Hall
Barcaldine Shire Hall is a heritage-listed town hall at Ash Street, Barcaldine, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Alfred Mowbray Hutton and built from 1911 to 1912 by Robinson & Freeman. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 29 April 2003.

Shire of Barcaldine
The Shire of Barcaldine was a local government area located in central Queensland and headquartered in the town of Barcaldine. It covered an area of 8,448.4 square kilometres (3,261.9 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1892 until 2008, when it amalgamated with the Shires of Aramac and Jericho to form the Barcaldine Region.

Major industries in the area are wool and grazing.
Serra Pedace
Serra Pedace is a frazione of the comune of Casali del Manco in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy. It lost its comune status in 2017 after a referendum,  along with four other municipalities.

Casali del Manco
Casali del Manco is a town and comune of the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy, located east of Cosenza. It was formed in May 2017 from the union of five previous municipalities, Casole Bruzio, Pedace, Serra Pedace, Spezzano Piccolo and Trenta. It was established following a referendum held on 26 March 2017. In Spezzano Piccolo voters expressed themselves against the proposed union, but this was not enough to retain the status of comune.