hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hansson Steelman
John Hansson Steelman, also known as "Hance" Stillman, Stelman, Tilghman, or Tillmann (1655–1749), the eldest son of Hans Månsson and Ella Olofsdotter Stille. He was a fur trader and interpreter who traded with Shawnee, Susquehannock and Piscataway Indians in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Steelman made substantial donations to support the construction of the Holy Trinity Church (Old Swedes) Church, probably covering as much as a third of the building costs. He died in 1749 in Adams County, Pennsylvania at the age of 94.

Opessa Straight Tail
Opessa Straight Tail (c. 1664 – c. 1750), also known as Wopatha or Wapatha, was a Pekowi Shawnee Chief. He was the son of Straight Tail Meaurroway Opessa. He is best known for signing, on 23 April 1701, the "Articles of friendship and agreement between William Penn and the Susquehannah, Shawonah, and North Patomack Indians," that designated lands and conditions of coexistence between those tribes and the English settlers.
Bay Mills Community College
Bay Mills Community College (BMCC) is a public tribal land-grant community college in Brimley, Michigan.  It is chartered by the federally recognized Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan with a total enrollment of approximately 500 on-campus and online students.  The students come primarily from Michigan's eastern Upper Peninsula and are 60% Native American. BMCC is a member of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC), a community of tribally and federally chartered institutions working to strengthen tribal nations, and a land-grant college.

BMCC was created in response to the higher education needs of American Indians. BMCC generally serves geographically isolated populations that have no other means accessing education beyond the high school level. It provides online classes to a community beyond its geographic area. BMCC offers free tuition to U.S. Federally recognized Tribal Members. BMCC also authorizes charter schools in the state of Michigan.

Bay Mills Indian Community
The Bay Mills Indian Community (BMIC; Ojibwe: Gnoozhekaaningcode: oji promoted to code: oj , lit. 'Place of the Pike'), is an Indian reservation forming the land base of one of the many federally recognized Sault Ste. Marie bands of Ojibwe.

The largest section of the reservation is located in Chippewa County, Michigan, approximately 15 miles (25 km) west-southwest of Sault Ste. Marie. The tribe has land in both Bay Mills and Superior townships. A smaller section lies southeast of Sault Ste. Marie and encompasses Sugar Island, all contained within the boundaries of Sugar Island Township.
Kagamiyama stable
Kagamiyama stable (鏡山部屋, Kagamiyama-beya) was a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Tokitsukaze ichimon or group of stables. It was set up in November 1970 by former yokozuna Kashiwado, who branched off from the Isenoumi stable. Upon his death in December 1996 the stable passed to his protégé, former sekiwake Tagaryū. For many years it had just two wrestlers, one of them Tagaryū's son Ryūsei, making it the smallest active stable. It was decided at a Japan Sumo Association board meeting on July 21, 2021 that it would close immediately with all its personnel transferring to Isenoumi stable.

Isenoumi stable
Isenoumi stable (伊勢ノ海部屋, Isenoumi-beya) is a stable of sumo wrestlers, part of the Tokitsukaze ichimon or group of stables. Its current head coach is former maegashira Kitakachidoki. As of January 2023 it had 12 wrestlers.
Parameshwari Nagar
Parameshwari Nagar is a small neighbourhood located in Adyar, Tamil Nadu, India. Parameshwari Nagar comprises four streets, namely Parameshwari Nagar 1st Street, Parameshwari Nagar 2nd Street, Parameshwari Nagar 3rd Street, and Parameshwari Nagar 4th street. It is located off LB Road and is primarily known to be a residential locality. It is very silent area with very few commercial establishments.

Adyar, Chennai
Adyar is a large neighbourhood in south Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is among the most upscale neighborhoods of the city.

It is located on the southern banks of the Adyar River. It is surrounded by the Tharamani to the West, Thiruvanmiyur to the South, Besant Nagar to the East, Kotturpuram to the North-West and Raja Annamalai puram to the North across the Adyar River. Property values in Adyar are four times that of similar sized properties in the northern part of Chennai. The Gandhi Nagar region of Adyar is one of the poshest localities in Chennai.
Crowborough railway station
Crowborough railway station is on the Uckfield branch of the Oxted Line in England, serving the town of Crowborough, East Sussex. It is 39 miles 11 chains (63.0 km) from London Bridge.

The station and all trains that call are operated by Southern.

Crowborough
Crowborough is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England, in the Weald at the edge of Ashdown Forest and the highest town in the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is located 7 miles (11 km) south-west of Royal Tunbridge Wells and 33 miles (53 km)  south of London. It had a population of 21,688 at the 2021 Census, making it the second largest town in inland East Sussex after Hailsham.

The highest point in the town is 242 m (794 ft) above sea level, making it the second highest point in East Sussex after Ditchling Beacon.
Goniophotometer
A goniophotometer is a photometer for measuring the directional light distribution characteristics of light sources, luminaires, optical media, and surfaces. A goniophotometer typically incorporates a goniometer that measures direction using spherical coordinates to capture the angular distribution of the transmitted, emitted, or reflected light. A gonioradiometer differs only in that it is a radiometer (i.e., is not specific to human vision), rather than a photometer.

The directional distribution of light is of high importance to architectural lighting, automotive lighting, and other applications. A goniophotometer enables characterization of emitted light that is not isotropic.

Luminous intensity
In photometry, luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle, based on the luminosity function, a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye. The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd), an SI base unit.
Edda Buding
Edda Buding (13 November 1936 – 15 July 2014) was a German tennis player of Romanian birth. She received the doubles gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics doubles demonstration event partnered with Helga Niessen Masthoff. Along with Yola Ramírez, she was the runner-up in the 1961 U.S. Championships women's doubles event and with Robert Howe was the runner-up in mixed doubles at Wimbledon in 1961. She was the sister of Ingo Buding, a two-time junior singles champion at the French Championships, and Ilse Buding.

She won the 1961 U.S. Women's Clay Court Championships singles title after a three-sets victory in the final against Karen Hantze.

In 1964, she received the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt (Silver Laurel Leaf), the highest sports award in Germany.

Buding is the first opponent to play Chris Evert at the US Open. Evert won their 1971 match 6–1, 6–0.

Buding died in 2014 in Aalen, Germany.

Yola Ramírez
Yolanda del Monte Carmelo Ramírez y Partida (1 March 1935 – 9 March 2025), known simply as Yola Ramírez, was a Mexican tennis player active in the 1950s and 1960s who was twice a singles finalist and once a women's doubles champion and mixed doubles champion at the French Open.
Carbury, County Kildare
Carbury (Irish: Cairbre), also formerly spelt "Carbery", is a rural community and a village in north-west County Kildare, Ireland. It is situated on the R402 regional road between Enfield and Edenderry, near the border with County Offaly, and includes the smaller hamlets of Derrinturn, Ticknevin and  Killina along the Grand Canal (Ireland). The source of the River Boyne is located just north of the village. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

Ticknevin
Ticknevin (Irish: Tigh Mhic Neamhain) is a townland in the parish of Carbury in County Kildare, Ireland.

The Grand Canal runs through Ticknevin and the 20th canal lock is located there. There is also a humpback bridge which was built by the English engineer Thomas Hartley in the 18th century.
Cranbrook School, Sydney
Cranbrook School is an independent Anglican day and boarding school, with multiple campuses in Sydney's eastern suburbs New South Wales, Australia for students from pre-school to year 12. The school was founded in 1918 with the Rev'd Frederick Thomas Perkins as the first headmaster. Cranbrook has a non-selective enrolment policy and currently caters for approximately 1,680 students from early learning (4 years old) to Year 12 (18 years old), including 80 boarders from Years 7 to 12. Cranbrook is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), the Australian Boarding Schools' Association (ABSA), and the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. It is a founding member of the Combined Associated Schools (CAS). and the Independent Sporting Association (ISA).

Independent Primary School Heads of Australia
The Independent Primary School Heads of Australia (IPSHA) formerly Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA), is an incorporated body representing the heads of independent primary schools in Australia. 
Officially established in September 1952, the Association is broken into state branches, with six offices across Australia. The organisation currently has a membership of nearly 380 Full Members, 60 Associate and Life Members and 23 Overseas Members. Combined, the member schools employ around 6,000 people, and are responsible for educating about 100,000 primary aged children.
Anarchism in France
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist. French anarchists fought in the Spanish Civil War as volunteers in the International Brigades. According to journalist Brian Doherty, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone."

Platformism
Platformism is an anarchist organizational theory that aims to create a tightly coordinated anarchist federation. Its main features include a common tactical line, federalism, a unified political policy and a commitment to collective responsibility.

First developed by Peter Arshinov in response to the perceived disorganization of the Russian anarchist movement, platformism proposes that a "general union of anarchists" be established to agitate, educate and organize the working classes. It advocates working within existing mass organizations, such as trade unions, in order to transform them into vehicles for a social revolution. In the course of revolution, platformists emphasize the creation of workers' councils, such as the free soviets, to serve as institutions of self-management in a stateless society.
Sky+ HD
Sky+ HD was the brand name of the HDTV service launched by Sky plc on 22 May 2006 in the United Kingdom and Ireland to enable high definition channels on Sky to be viewed. For the first two years after launch, the service was branded Sky HD. The service requires the user to have a Sky+ HD Digibox and a HD ready TV. A subscription to the original HD pack carries an extra fee of £10.25 (€15.00 in Ireland) a month in addition to the standard Sky subscription, allowing customers to view HD channels corresponding to the channel packs subscribed to. Additional Pay-Per-View events on Sky Box Office HD are not available to customers unless they subscribe to the Sky HD pack.

As of June 2014, subscription numbers for Sky+HD stood at over 5.2 million, an increase from 4.8 million the year before.

From October 2016, Sky+ HD is no longer being offered as it was replaced by Sky Q. Existing customers can continue their subscription with Sky+ HD.

Digibox
The Digibox is a device marketed by Sky UK in the UK and Ireland to enable home users to receive digital satellite television broadcasts (satellite receiver) from the Astra satellites at 28.2° east. An Internet service was also available through the device, similar in some ways to the American MSN TV, before being discontinued in 2015. The first Digiboxes shipped to consumers in October 1998 when Sky Digital was launched, and the hardware reference design has been relatively unchanged since then. Compared to other satellite receivers, they are severely restricted. As of 2020, Sky Digiboxes have become largely outmoded, superseded by Sky's latest-generation Sky Q boxes and Sky Glass televisions; the previous generation Sky+HD boxes are still in use, however.
Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem
In mathematics, specifically in real analysis, the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, named after Bernard Bolzano and Karl Weierstrass, is a fundamental result about convergence in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space . The theorem states that each infinite bounded sequence in  has a convergent subsequence. An equivalent formulation is that a subset of  is sequentially compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. The theorem is sometimes called the sequential compactness theorem.

Heine–Borel theorem
In real analysis, the Heine–Borel theorem, named after Eduard Heine and Émile Borel, states:

For a subset  of Euclidean space , the following two statements are equivalent:

is compact, that is, every open cover of  has a finite subcover

is closed and bounded.
WKTU
WKTU (103.5 FM) is a rhythmic adult contemporary formatted radio station licensed to Lake Success, New York, a suburb of New York City. WKTU is owned by iHeartMedia and broadcasts from studios at 125 West 55th Street in  Midtown Manhattan; its transmitter is located at the Empire State Building.

Sean Hamilton
Sean "Hollywood" Hamilton  is an American radio personality. On November 8, 2019, he was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame. He can be heard weekday mornings hosting the "Hollywood Hamilton Show & The KTU Morning Crew" on WKTU in New York City. On October 5, 2018, iHeartMedia announced a new long-term agreement with Hamilton. Robert Pittman, chairman and CEO of iHeartMedia Inc., stated, "Hollywood Hamilton is one of the most loved, respected and recognized voices and names in radio, his unparalleled ability to connect with both listeners and music's biggest artists is a true representation of what makes radio the most powerful medium in the U.S."
Singhi Ram
Singhi Ram is an Indian politician and civil servant who formerly served as Minister for Food and Civil Supplies from Himachal in the Union Council of Ministers.  Ram was born at Rampur, District Shimla on 7 May 1954. He earned a B.A. degree from Government College, Rampur and LL.B from Faculty of Law, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla.

Himachal Pradesh University
Himachal Pradesh University (HPU) is a public state university at Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. It was established on 22 July 1970 by The Himachal Pradesh University Act, 1970 (HP Act No 17 of 1970) by the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

The university has been awarded Grade 'A' by NAAC.

The University has a total of 13 faculties, 11 of which comprise 52 departments and 5 centers and institutes, which run 132 academic programmes.
Institute of Translation and Interpreting
The Institute of Translation and Interpreting (ITI) is a professional association representing translators, interpreters and language services businesses in the United Kingdom. ITI is affiliated with the International Federation of Translators (FIT).

Language interpretation
Interpretation is translation from a spoken or signed language into another language, usually in real time to facilitate live communication. It is distinguished from the translation of a written text, which can be more deliberative and make use of external resources and tools.

The most common two modes of interpretation are simultaneous, which is performed contemporaneously with the expression of the source language, and consecutive, where the interpreted speech is heard only during associated breaks in the original speech.

Interpretation is an ancient human activity which predates the invention of writing.
Almagro, Buenos Aires
Almagro (Spanish pronunciation: [alˈmaɣɾo]) is a barrio or neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The neighbourhood is delimited by La Plata avenue and Río de Janeiro street to the west, Independencia avenue to the south, Sánchez de Bustamante, Sánchez de Loria and Gallo streets to the east, and Córdoba/Estado de Israel avenues to the north.

Almagro features strong commercial activity along its avenues, and has a high population density due to the many high-rise buildings erected along the railway line. The sectional government of the 6th circuit, which includes Almagro and Boedo, is located on Díaz Vélez avenue opposite Centenario park.

Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, the autonomous city and capital of Argentina, is composed of 48 neighbourhoods (locally known as barrios). Since 2008, the city is also legally divided into communes (comunas), each one including one or more barrios. Among the most visited and populated barrios are Palermo, Recoleta, Puerto Madero, Belgrano, San Telmo, La Boca, Monserrat and Caballito. Sectors of the city are also traditionally known as neighbourhoods by the inhabitants of Buenos Aires, but not officially by the authorities of the city; some examples are Barrio Chino, Barrio Norte and the Microcentro.
Costa de' Nobili
Costa de' Nobili is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Pavia.

Costa de' Nobili borders the following municipalities: Corteolona e Genzone, Pieve Porto Morone, San Zenone al Po, Santa Cristina e Bissone, Spessa, Torre de' Negri, Zerbo.

The castle complex in the municipality dates back to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and consists of two buildings (one being the ancient Palace, seat of the Town Hall) joined together by a central tower.

Torre de' Negri
Torre de' Negri is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 km southeast of Milan and about 15 km east of Pavia.

Torre de' Negri borders the following municipalities: Belgioioso, Corteolona e Genzone, Costa de' Nobili, Spessa.
Frassino
Frassino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo.

Frassino borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Melle, Sampeyre, and San Damiano Macra.

Melle, Piedmont
Melle (Lo Mèl in Occitan) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Cuneo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 340 and an area of 28.0 square kilometres (10.8 sq mi).

Melle borders the following municipalities: Brossasco, Cartignano, Frassino, Roccabruna, San Damiano Macra, and Busca.
Bonseki
Bonseki (盆石, "tray rocks") is the ancient Japanese art of creating miniature landscapes on black trays using white sand, pebbles, and small rocks.

Small delicate tools are used in Bonseki such as feathers, small flax brooms, sifters, spoons and wood wedges. The trays are either oval or rectangular, measuring about 60 by 35 centimeters in size. Oval trays have a low rim while rectangular ones are flat.

Bonseki scenes often depict mountains, seashores, and gardens. Small stones are used to represent mountains, shore lines or rocky islands that waves break upon. Miniature structures, usually of painted copper, are sometimes added to the work to make houses, temples, bridges, and the like.

Bonseki scenes by design are generally meant to only be temporary. Sometimes, by using special methods, a Bonseki scene can be preserved. This is called either bonga ("tray picture") or suna-e ("sand picture").

Kokan Shiren
Kokan Shiren (虎関師錬; 9 May 1278 – 11 August 1347), Japanese Rinzai Zen patriarch and celebrated poet. He preached Buddhism at the Imperial court, and was noted for his poetry in the Literature of the Five Mountains (Gozan bungaku) tradition. He was the compiler of a thirty-chapter Buddhist history, the Genko Shakusho, the oldest extant account of Buddhism in Japan.
WINW
WINW (1520 kHz) is a currently silent radio station licensed to Canton, Ohio. WINW is daytimer station, transmitting with 1,000 watts using a directional antenna with a four-tower array; but because AM 1520 is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A WWKB Buffalo, New York and KOKC Oklahoma City, WINW must sign-off at sunset to avoid interference. The transmitter is in Martindale Park in Canton, near Martindale Road NE. The station ceased broadcasting on March 22, 2024.

WILB (AM)
WILB (1060 kHz) is an AM radio station in Canton, Ohio. It is owned by Living Bread Radio and it airs Catholic radio programming to the Canton, Akron and Cleveland areas. All shows are simulcast on co-owned 89.5 WILB-FM in Boardman.

WILB is a daytimer station. By day, it broadcasts with 15,000 watts. As 1060 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for Class A station (KYW Philadelphia), to avoid interference, WILB only broadcasts during daytime hours. Programming is also available on FM translator W233CE on 94.5 FM. While 1060 AM can only broadcast during daylight hours, the FM translator provides 24-hour Catholic radio to the Canton area.
Pyrops coelestinus
Pyrops coelestinus, previously known as Laternaria coelestina, is a species of planthopper belonging to a genus referred-to as lantern-bugs, sometimes known as the blue lantern bug (Vietnamese: ve sầu xanh).

Pyrops
Pyrops is a genus of planthoppers that occur primarily in southeast Asia, containing about 70 species. They are fairly large insects, with much of the length due to an elongated, upcurving, snout-like projection of the head. The wings are generally brightly patterned in contrasting colors, and they are popular among collectors.
Getafe CF B
Getafe Club de Fútbol "B" is the reserve team of Getafe CF, club based in Getafe, Madrid metropolitan area, in the namesake community. Founded in 1983, it currently plays in Segunda Federación – Group 5 holding home games at Ciudad Deportiva Getafe CF.

Ciudad Deportiva Getafe CF
The Ciudad Deportiva Getafe CF is the training ground and academy base of the Spanish football club Getafe CF. It was opened in 2005.

Located in Getafe near the Coliseum Alfonso Pérez and covering an area of 70,000 m2, it is used for youth and senior teams trainings.
Dora, Baghdad
Dora (also al-Dura, or ad-Durah, Arabic: الدورة, Syriac: ܕܘܿܪܵܐ) is a neighborhood in Al Rashid administrative district, southern Baghdad, Iraq. Before the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, it was home to the city's largest concentration of Christian Assyrians, as well as Mandaeans and Muslim families.

Assyrians in Iraq
Iraqi Assyrians (Syriac: ܣܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ, Arabic: آشوريو العراق, Kurdish: ئاشوورییەکانی عێراق) are an ethnic and linguistic minority group, indigenous to Upper Mesopotamia. They are defined as Assyrians residing in the country of Iraq, or members of the Assyrian diaspora who are of Iraqi-Assyrian heritage. They share a common history and ethnic identity, rooted in shared linguistic, cultural and religious traditions, with Assyrians in Iran, Turkey and Syria, as well as with the Assyrian diaspora elsewhere. A significant number have emigrated to the United States, notably to the Detroit and Chicago; sizeable communities are also found in Sydney, Australia and Södertälje, Sweden.