hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lyon Metro Line A
Line A (Ligne A) is a line on the Lyon Metro that runs between Perrache and Vaulx-en-Velin–La Soie. It was constructed using the cut-and-cover method, and went into service on 2 May 1978. It, together with Line B, were the inaugural lines of the Lyon Metro. An extension of Line A from Laurent Bonnevay–Astroballe to Vaulx-en-Velin–La Soie opened in 2007. The line currently serves 14 stations, and is 9.2 kilometres (5.7 mi) long. Line A trains run on tires rather than steel wheels; it is a rubber-tired metro line.

Lyon Metro
The Lyon Metro (French: Métro de Lyon, [metʁo d(ə) ljɔ̃]) is a rapid transit system serving Lyon Metropolis, France. First opened in 1974, it currently consists of four lines, serving 42 stations and comprising 34.4 kilometres (21.4 mi) of route. Part of the Transports en Commun Lyonnais (TCL) system of public transport, it is supported by two funiculars and a tramway network.

Unlike other French metro systems, but like RER and other SNCF services, Lyon Metro trains run on the left. This is the result of an unrealised project to run the metro into the suburbs on existing railway lines. The loading gauge for all lines is 2.90 m (9 ft 6.2 in), more generous than the average for metros in Europe. The Lyon Metro has rubber-wheel cars.

In 2025, the daily average ridership on the metro was 810,000.
Aviation Traders
Aviation Traders Limited (ATL) was a war-surplus aircraft and spares trader formed in 1947. In 1949, it began maintaining aircraft used by some of Britain's contemporary independent airlines on the Berlin Airlift. In the early 1950s, it branched out into aircraft conversions and manufacturing. During that period it also became a subcontractor for other aircraft manufacturers. By the end of the decade, it was taken over by the Airwork group.

Aviation Traders Carvair
The Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair is a retired  air ferry conversion developed by Freddie Laker's Aviation Traders (Engineering) Limited (ATL). Based on the Douglas DC-4, it has a capacity of 22 passengers in a rear cabin, and five cars loaded in at the front. It is powered by four radial engines.
Barfoed's test
Barfoed's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides.  It is based on the reduction of copper(II) acetate to copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), which forms a brick-red precipitate.

RCHO + 2Cu2+ + 2H2O →  RCOOH + Cu2O↓ + 4H+

(Disaccharides may also react, but the reaction is much slower.) The aldehyde group of the monosaccharide which normally forms a cyclic hemiacetal is oxidized to the carboxylate.  A number of other substances, including sodium chloride, may interfere.

Its author is the Danish chemist Christen Thomsen Barfoed and it is primarily used in botany.

The test is similar to the reaction of Fehling's solution to aldehydes.

Fehling's solution
In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution (/'feɪlɪŋ/, FAY-ling) is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849.
Toxeus magnus
Toxeus magnus is a species of jumping spider of the genus Toxeus. It is endemic to Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The species was originally classified as a part of the genus Myrmarachne in 1933 by Saitō in his work Notes on the spiders from Formosa, but it was later reclassified as Toxeus by the Polish arachnologist Jerzy Prószyński in November 2016. The species is notable for being a non-mammalian animal that nurses its offspring through a form of lactation.

Toxeus magnus is exceptional because of its social behaviour. Of the nearly 48,000 known different species of spiders only around 120 are known to be able to tolerate the company of others (including their own siblings) for more than three weeks, and only around 30 species of spiders are known to engage in life-long social lives.

Toxeus (spider)
Toxeus is a genus of jumping spiders first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. The genus was synonymized with Myrmarachne by Eugène Simon in 1901, and remained a synonym until revived by Jerzy Prószyński in 2016, when he split up Myrmarachne.

Prószyński placed Toxeus in his informal group "myrmarachnines". When synonymized with Myrmarachne, it was placed in the tribe Myrmarachnini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae in Maddison's 2015 classification of the family Salticidae.
Rufus King International Middle School
Rufus King International Middle School is a public magnet intermediate school located on the north side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, part of the Milwaukee Public Schools district. It was launched in September 2010 in the Ronald McNair building.

The middle school, which began its first school year in 2010, is part of the 6-12 program of Rufus King International School. The program incorporates the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme.

The curriculum includes English, math, science, social studies, Spanish, and an engineering program. Electives include physical education, music and art.

Milwaukee Public Schools
Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS) is the largest school district in Wisconsin. As of the 2023–24 school year, MPS served 66,864 students in 154 schools and had 9,500 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff positions. A publicly elected school board, the Milwaukee Board of School Directors, provides direction and oversight, with a superintendent heading the organization's administration.

The district includes all portions of Milwaukee in Milwaukee County, which means it includes almost all of Milwaukee.

Milwaukee Public Schools' offerings include neighborhood schools, specialty schools and charter schools serving students from age 3 through grade 12.
Teramo Cathedral
Teramo Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Teramo, Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral  in Teramo, Abruzzo, central Italy, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and to Saint Berardo, patron saint of the city. It is the seat of the Bishop of Teramo-Atri. Built in Romanesque-Gothic style, it was consecrated in 1176.

Teramo
Teramo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtɛːramo] ⓘ; Abruzzese: Tèreme [ˈtɛːrəmə]) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

The city, 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of  the Apennines (Gran Sasso d'Italia) and the Adriatic coast. The town is located by the confluence of the Vezzola and Tordino rivers,  on a hillside area where the terrain features along with the Mediterranean climate make the territory rich in vineyards and olive groves.

The economy of the town is mostly based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector: textiles, foods, engineering, building materials and ceramics.  Teramo can be reached from the A14 and the A24 motorways.
United June Movement
The United June Movement (Turkish: Birleşik Haziran Hareketi, BHH) was a political coalition bringing together left-wing, communist and socialist parties, Marxist–Leninist political organizations, independent individuals and various left-wing non-governmental organizations in Turkey.

BHH was defined as anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, anti-fascist and anti-reactionary political alliance by the founders of the movement. The June Movement comprised a broad array of groups and political parties including the Freedom and Solidarity Party, the Communist Party, the People's Communist Party of Turkey, the Labourist Movement Party, the Socialist Liberation Party (formerly known as the Communist Party of Turkey 1920) and the Revolutionary Movement.

In February 2015, HDP honorary president and HDK co-spokesperson Ertuğrul Kürkçü approached the United June Movement with a proposal to contest the June 2015 general election as a joint list.

Labourist Movement Party
The Labourist Movement Party (Turkish: Emekçi Hareket Partisi, EHP) is a Marxist–Leninist communist party  in Turkey.

The Labourist Movement Party is one of the components in the United June Movement, a political coalition initiative which was founded after Gezi Park revolt. In 2022, EHP became a part of the Labour and Freedom Alliance to take part in the upcoming general elections in Turkey.
HMCS Chippawa
HMCS Chippawa is a Royal Canadian Navy Reserve Division (NRD) located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Dubbed a stone frigate, HMCS Chippawa is a land-based naval establishment for part-time sailors as well as a local recruitment centre for the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN).

She is the furthest inland unit of all 24 naval reserve divisions located in major cities across Canada. She was first formed in February 1923 as the Winnipeg Company Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) and then in 1941 as HMCS Chippawa.

Canadian Forces Naval Reserve
The Naval Reserve (NAVRES, French: Réserve navale) is the Primary Reserve component of the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN). The primary mission of the NAVRES is force generation of sailors and teams for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) operations, including domestic safety operations as well as security and defence missions, while at the same time supporting the RCN's efforts in connecting with Canadians through the maintenance of a broad national presence.
Church of San Giovanni Battista, Mogno
The Church of San Giovanni Battista (Italian: Chiesa di San Giovanni Battista; German: Kirche San Giovanni Battista) is located in the alpine village of Mogno in the Swiss canton of Ticino. It was built between 1994 and 1996 on the site of an older church  (from 1636), which was levelled by an avalanche in 1986. The church is named after St John the Baptist.

The new church was designed by the Swiss architect Mario Botta who used marble and granite from the valleys of the area.

Mario Botta
Mario Botta (born 1 April 1943) is a Swiss architect. At age fifteen, Botta dropped out of secondary school and apprenticed with the architectural firm of Carloni and Camenisch in Lugano. After three years, he went to the Art College in Milan for his baccalaureate, and then to Università Iuav di Venezia for his professional degree in 1969. During his time in Venice, Botta got to meet and work with architects Carlo Scarpa, Louis Kahn and Le Corbusier. Botta started his own architectural practice in Lugano in 1970.
Archibald Grimké
Archibald Henry Grimké (August 17, 1849 – February 25, 1930) was an African-American lawyer, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader in the 19th and early 20th centuries. He graduated from freedmen's schools, Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, and Harvard Law School, and served as American Consul to the Dominican Republic from 1894 to 1898. He was an activist for the rights of Black Americans, working in Boston and Washington, D.C. He was a national vice-president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as well as president of its Washington, D.C. chapter.

American Negro Academy
The American Negro Academy (ANA), founded in Washington, D.C., in 1897, was the first organization in the United States to support African-American academic scholarship. It operated until 1928, and encouraged African Americans to undertake classical academic studies and liberal arts.
Grumman S-2 Tracker
The Grumman S-2 Tracker (S2F prior to 1962) is the first purpose-built, single airframe anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft to enter service with the United States Navy. Designed and initially built by Grumman, the Tracker was of conventional design — propeller-driven with twin radial engines, a high wing that could be folded for storage on aircraft carriers, and tricycle undercarriage. The type was exported to a number of navies around the world. Introduced in 1952, the Tracker and its E-1 Tracer derivative saw service in the U.S. Navy until the mid-1970s, and its C-1 Trader derivative until the mid-1980s, with a few aircraft remaining in service with other air arms into the 21st century. Argentina was the last country to operate the Tracker, with the last two Trackers being taken out of service on 19 November 2025.

California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (colloquially known as CAL FIRE) is the fire department of the California Natural Resources Agency in the U.S. state of California. It is responsible for fire protection in various areas under state responsibility totaling 31 million acres, as well as the administration of the state's private and public forests. In addition, the department provides varied emergency services in 36 of the state's 58 counties via contracts with local governments. The department's current director is Joe Tyler, who was appointed March 4, 2022, by Governor of California Gavin Newsom.
Star Bus
Star Bus is a satellite bus family of Orbital ATK. It was originally developed by Thomas van der Heyden, co-founder of CTAI, and later sold to and manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation.

The Star Bus satellite platform is designed for various applications, including communications, remote sensing, and scientific missions. The highly configurable platform allows customization to meet specific mission requirements. In addition, it can support a wide range of payloads, including high-resolution imaging systems, microwave sensors, and advanced communication systems.

The Star Bus platform is designed with a modular architecture, allowing for easy integration of various subsystems and payloads. The bus provides power, communications, and data handling capabilities, while the loads provide mission-specific capabilities. The platform is designed to be highly reliable and has been used in various missions, including the Hubble Space Telescope and NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto.

Satellite bus
A satellite bus (or spacecraft bus) is the main body and structural component of a satellite or spacecraft, in which the payload and all scientific instruments are held.

Bus-derived satellites are less customized than specially-produced satellites, but have specific equipment added to meet customer requirements, for example with specialized sensors or transponders, in order to achieve a specific mission.

They are commonly used for geosynchronous satellites, particularly communications satellites, but are most commonly used in spacecraft which occupy low Earth orbit missions.
1991–92 NHL season
The 1991–92 NHL season was the 75th regular season of the National Hockey League. The league expanded to 22 teams with the addition of the expansion San Jose Sharks. A ten-day players' strike was called in April, delaying the final weeks of the regular season and the playoffs, and pushing the Stanley Cup Finals into June for the first time. The Pittsburgh Penguins repeated as Stanley Cup champions, winning the best of seven series four games to none against the Chicago Blackhawks.

43rd National Hockey League All-Star Game
The 43rd National Hockey League All-Star Game was contested at The Spectrum in Philadelphia on 18 January 1992. It featured 16 goals as the Campbell Conference defeated the Wales Conference, 10–6.  Brett Hull was named as the All-Star M.V.P. by recording two goals and one assist, while playing on a line with Los Angeles Kings' Wayne Gretzky and Luc Robitaille. This was also the first All-Star Game in which the San Jose Sharks sent a representative.
Rockhurst (Rhode Island)
Rockhurst was built on Bellevue Avenue at Rough Point Newport, Rhode Island in 1891 for Mrs. H. Mortimer Brooks by Peabody and Stearns. The Châteauesque style exterior featured rounded towers with candlesnuffer roofs flanking a central block with an open arcaded gallery along the second story. It was made of farm stone and wood shingles.

Peabody and Stearns
Peabody & Stearns was a premier architectural firm in the Eastern United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, the firm consisted of Robert Swain Peabody (1845–1917) and John Goddard Stearns Jr. (1843–1917). The firm worked on a variety of designs but is closely associated with shingle style.

With addition of Pierce P. Furber, presumably as partner, the firm became Peabody, Stearns & Furber. The firm was later succeeded by W. Cornell Appleton, one of the Peabody & Stearns architects, and Frank Stearns, son of Frank, as Appleton & Stearns.
Tophill
Tophill is a gently sloping area of land on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England, rising from sea level at Portland Bill to 151 metres (495 ft) near HMP The Verne at its northern end. On Tophill are five of the settlements on the island: Easton, Weston, Southwell, the Grove and Wakeham. Portland stone lies under Tophill, and the strata decline at a shallow angle of around 1.5 degrees from their peak down to sea level.  The lower northern end of the island is called Underhill.

In the north-west corner of Tophill is Tout Quarry, whilst the nature reserve King Barrow Quarry lies at the north-east. Near the northernmost point lies the area known as New Ground used as a lookout point, in front of which sits the Portland Cenotaph.

50°32′59″N 2°26′10″W﻿ / ﻿50.5496°N 2.4361°W﻿ / 50.5496; -2.4361

King Barrow Quarry
King Barrow Quarry is a disused site of former 19th century stone quarries on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is located in the north-east corner of Tophill. The quarry, now a Dorset Wildlife Trust nature reserve, covers 12.2 hectares. Both King Barrow and the nearby Tout Quarry make up the Dorset Wildlife Trust's Portland Quarries Nature Park. Portland also has two butterfly reserves: Broadcroft Quarry and Perryfield Quarry.
Spencer Rattler
Spencer Benson Rattler (born September 28, 2000) is an American professional football quarterback for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played his first three seasons of college football for the Oklahoma Sooners, receiving first-team All-Big 12 honors in 2020. In his final two seasons, Rattler was a member of the South Carolina Gamecocks. He was selected by the Saints in the fifth round of the 2024 NFL draft.

Pinnacle High School
Pinnacle High School (PHS) is a public high school located in the north valley of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. PHS opened in 2000, and is a part of the Paradise Valley Unified School District (PVUSD). The students are called Pinnacle Pioneers and the school's mascot is Pioneer Pete. The school's main colors are blue and white, however in recent years, red has been added as a school color.
Structure tensor
In mathematics, the structure tensor, also referred to as the second-moment matrix, is a matrix derived from the gradient of a function. It describes the distribution of the gradient in a specified neighborhood around a point and makes the information invariant to the observing coordinates. The structure tensor is often used in image processing and computer vision.

Lucas–Kanade method
In computer vision, the Lucas–Kanade method is a widely used differential method for optical flow estimation developed by Bruce D. Lucas and Takeo Kanade. It assumes that the flow is essentially constant in a local neighbourhood of the pixel under consideration, and solves the basic optical flow equations for all the pixels in that neighbourhood, by the least squares criterion.

By combining information from several nearby pixels, the Lucas–Kanade method can often resolve the inherent ambiguity of the optical flow equation. It is also less sensitive to image noise than point-wise methods. On the other hand, since it is a purely local method, it cannot provide flow information in the interior of uniform regions of the image.
Xiong Xun
Xiong Xun (Chinese: 熊徇) was the monarch of the Chu state from 821 BC to 800 BC.

Xiong Xun's father, Xiong Yan, had four sons: Xiong Shuang, Xiong Xue (熊雪), Xiong Kan (熊堪), and Xiong Xun, the youngest. When Xiong Yan died in 828 BC he was succeeded by his first son Xiong Shuang. However, when Xiong Shuang died in 822 BCE, the remaining three brothers fought one another for the throne. Xiong Xun was ultimately victorious and ascended the throne, while Xiong Xue was killed and Xiong Kan escaped to Pu (濮).

Xiong Xun reigned for 22 years until his death in 800 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Xiong E.

Xiong E
Xiong E (Chinese: 熊咢) was viscount of the Chu state from 799 BC to 791 BC.

Xiong E succeeded his father, Xiong Xun, to the Chu throne. He died after nine years of reign and was succeeded by his son, Ruo'ao.
Indian Trails
Indian Trails is an intercity bus operator primarily serving the U.S. state of Michigan, with routes also serving Wisconsin and Minnesota. Indian Trails is based in Owosso, Michigan, with offices in Romulus, East Lansing, and Kalamazoo.

Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan
The Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan (RTA) is a public transit agency serving Metro Detroit and the Ann Arbor area in the U.S. state of Michigan. It operates the QLINE streetcar in Detroit, and coordinates and oversees the public transit services operated by DDOT, SMART, TheRide, and the Detroit People Mover. Its operating area covers the counties of Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne.
Jiří Kotalík
Jiří Kotalík (22 July 1920 – 26 January 1996) was a Czech art historian and director of the National Gallery in Prague between 1967 and 1990. He was one of the members of Group 42. Kotalík remained at the National Gallery until his retirement in 1990.

Group 42
Group 42 (Czech: Skupina 42) was a Czech artistic group officially established on 27 November 1942 (though its roots date to 1938–1939, forming in 1940).  The group's activity ceased in 1948 when they were banned by the government, but its influence on Czech literature and Czech art was still evident in further years.

This group was primarily influenced by civilism, cubism, futurism, constructivism, existentialism, and surrealism, and their work revealed a characteristic fascination with technology, evident in their frequent focus on cities, factories, industry, and machines. The human characters are generally common townspeople.

The article The World We Live In (Czech: Svět, v němž žijeme) by Jindřich Chalupecký provided Group 42's primary theoretical foundation.
Show Bus
SHOW Bus is a provider of mass transportation in DeWitt, Ford, Iroquois, Kankakee, Livingston, Logan, Macon, Mason, and McLean Counties in Illinois, with six deviated fixed routes serving numerous cities, as well as demand-response service across the counties.

DeWitt County, Illinois
DeWitt County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 15,516. Its county seat is Clinton. The county was formed as De Witt County on March 1, 1839, from Macon and McLean counties. The county was named in honor of the seventh Governor of New York State, De Witt Clinton.

DeWitt County is included in Bloomington–Normal, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) list the county's name as De Witt, although the county uses the name DeWitt (no space).
Laureal
Laureal is a settlement in Guadeloupe in the commune of Le Moule, on the island of Grande-Terre.  It is located to the south of Lemercier, Le Moule, and Conchou, and to the north of Fonds d'Or, Boisvin, Renard, and Gardel.

16°19′14″N 61°20′37″W﻿ / ﻿16.32056°N 61.34361°W﻿ / 16.32056; -61.34361

Le Moule
Le Moule (French pronunciation: [lə mul]; Guadeloupean Creole: Moul) is the sixth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe. It is located on the northeast side of the island of Grande-Terre.