hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heat map
A heat map (or heatmap) is a two-dimensional data visualization technique that represents the magnitude of individual values within a dataset as a color. The variation in color may be by hue or intensity.

In some applications such as crime analytics or website click-tracking, color is used to represent the density of data points rather than a value associated with each point.

"Heat map" is a relatively new term, but the practice of shading matrices has existed for over a century.

Leland Wilkinson
Leland Wilkinson (November 5, 1944 – December 10, 2021) was an American statistician and computer scientist at H2O.ai and adjunct professor of computer science at University of Illinois at Chicago. Wilkinson developed the SYSTAT statistical package in the early 1980s, sold it to SPSS in 1995, and worked at SPSS for 10 years recruiting and managing the visualization team. He left SPSS in 2008 and became executive VP of SYSTAT Software Inc. in Chicago. He then served as the VP of data visualization at Skytree, Inc and VP of statistics at Tableau Software before joining H2O.ai. His research focused on scientific visualization and statistical graphics. In these communities he was well known for his book The Grammar of Graphics, which was the foundation for the R package ggplot2.
Evesham Friends Meeting House
The Evesham Friends Meeting House, also known as the Mount Laurel Meeting House, is a historic Quaker meeting house located at Moorestown-Mt. Laurel and Hainesport-Mt. Laurel Roads (Evesboro Road) in the township of Mount Laurel in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 22, 1982, for its significance in architecture, military history, and religion.

The meeting house was built in 1760 from local sandstone and expanded in 1798. It is the second oldest extent Quaker meeting house in Burlington County. The original meeting house on the site was built in 1698 behind the current building. A movable partition divides the older, eastern section from the newer section.  During the Orthodox-Hicksite split, adherents of the Orthodox view met in the older section, while the Hicksites met in the newer section.

Interior of older section in 1936

First floor plan

Plot plan

Mount Laurel, New Jersey
Mount Laurel is a township in Burlington County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township, and all of Burlington County, is a part of the Philadelphia-Reading-Camden combined statistical area and the Delaware Valley. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 44,633, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,769 (+6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 41,864, which in turn reflected an increase of 1,643 (+4.1%) from the 40,221 counted in the 2000 census. It is the home of NFL Films.

In 2020, Mount Laurel was ranked 16th in Money magazine's list of the 50 best places to live in the United States, citing a kid-friendly environment, affordable housing, and easy access to Philadelphia and the Jersey Shore.
Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa
Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa (7 May 1836 – 21 January 1874) was a British operatic soprano who established the Carl Rosa Opera Company together with her husband Carl Rosa. Parepa's aristocratic father died soon after her birth, and her mother turned to the stage to support them. Parepa made her operatic debut in 1855, at age 16, and soon earned enthusiastic reviews in the major London opera houses. In 1867, following the death of her first husband, Parepa married the violinist and conductor Carl Rosa in New York, and they founded an opera company with Parepa as the leading lady. They toured successfully in America for several years. After their return to Britain with ambitious plans for their opera company, Parepa fell ill and died in 1874 at only 37 years of age.

Royal Philharmonic Society
The Royal Philharmonic Society (RPS) is a British music society, formed in 1813.  Its original purpose was to promote performances of instrumental music in London.  Many composers and performers have taken part in its concerts.  It is now a membership society, and while it no longer has its own orchestra, it continues a wide-ranging programme of activities which focus on composers and young musicians. Since 1989, the RPS has promoted the annual Royal Philharmonic Society Music Awards for live music-making in the United Kingdom.

The RPS is a registered UK charity No. 213693, located at 48 Great Marlborough Street in London. The current chief executive of the RPS is James Murphy, and its current chairman is John Gilhooly.
Bulleid chain-driven valve gear
The Bulleid chain-driven valve gear is a type of steam locomotive valve gear designed by Oliver Bulleid during the Second World War for use on his Pacific (4-6-2) designs. It was peculiar to the Southern Railway  in Britain, and borrowed from motor-vehicle practice in an attempt to create a compact and efficient design with a minimum of service requirements.

Valve gear
The valve gear of a steam engine is the mechanism that operates the inlet and exhaust valves to admit steam into the cylinder and allow exhaust steam to escape, respectively, at the correct points in the cycle. It can also serve as a reversing gear. It is sometimes referred to as the "motion".
Aveyron
Aveyron (French: [avɛʁɔ̃] ⓘ; Occitan: Avairon [aβajˈɾu]) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as Aveyronnais (masculine) or Aveyronnaises (feminine) in French. The inhabitants of Aveyron's prefecture, Rodez, are called Ruthénois, based upon the first settlers in the area, the Ruteni. With an area of 8,735 square kilometres (3,373 sq mi) and a population of 279,595, Aveyron is a largely rural department with a population density of 32 people/km2 (83 people/mi2).

Conques
Conques (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃k]; Languedocien: Concas) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in Southern France, in the Occitania region. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Conques-en-Rouergue.
Friday Film Special
The Friday Film Special was a slot for children on the UK television network BBC1, shown between 1985 and 1989.

Every Friday during each season, they showed a children's film, made by the Children's Film Foundation. The films were mostly from the 1970s and 1980s, with some from the 1960s.

Here is a list of some of the films that were screened:

Sammy's Super T-Shirt (1978)

4-D Special Agent (1981)

Tightrope to Terror (1982)

Cry Wolf (1968)

Fern the Red Deer (1976)

Paganini Strikes Again (1973)

A Hitch in Time (1978)

Sky Pirates (1976)

One Hour to Zero (1976)

Haunters of The Deep (1984)

The Boy Who Turned Yellow (1972)

The Glitterball (1977)

Children's Film Foundation
The Children's Film Foundation (CFF) is a non-profit organisation which makes films and other media for children in the United Kingdom. Originally it made films to be shown as part of children's Saturday morning matinée cinema programming. The films typically were about 55 minutes long. Over time the organisation's role broadened and its name changed, first to the Children's Film and Television Foundation in the mid-80s and to the Children's Media Foundation in 2012.
Voyager-class cruise ship
The Voyager class refers to a design of post-Panamax cruise ships owned and operated by Royal Caribbean International. The Voyager-class ships were built at Kværner Masa-Yards Turku New Shipyard, Finland.

There are two generations of Voyager-class ship which feature slight differences in design. The first generation ships, Voyager of the Seas, Explorer of the Seas and Adventure of the Seas, were launched between 1999 and 2001. The second generation ships Navigator of the Seas and Mariner of the Seas were launched in 2002 and 2003 respectively.

Royal Caribbean International
Royal Caribbean International (RCI), formerly Royal Caribbean Cruise Line (RCCL), is a cruise line founded in 1968 in Norway and organized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Caribbean Group since 1997.

Based in Miami, Florida, it is the largest cruise line by revenue and second largest by passenger counts. As of 2025, Royal Caribbean International controlled 27.0% of the worldwide cruise market by passengers and 24.8% by revenue.

As of August 2025, the line operates 29 ships; three additional ships are on order and two ships are planned but do not have a launch date.
Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants that includes 28 genera and about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees.  The larger genera include Cuphea (275 spp.), Lagerstroemia (56), Nesaea (50), Rotala (45), and Lythrum (35). It also includes the members of the former families of the pomegranate (Punica granatum, formerly in Punicaceae) and of the water caltrop (Trapa natans, formerly in Trapaceae). Lythraceae has a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics, but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.

The family is named after the type genus, Lythrum, the loosestrifes (e.g. Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife) and also includes henna (Lawsonia inermis). It now includes the pomegranate, formerly classed in a separate family Punicaceae.  The family also includes the widely cultivated crape myrtle trees. Botanically, the leaves are usually in pairs (opposite), and the flower petals emerge from the rim of the calyx tube. The petals often appear crumpled.

Sonneratia
Sonneratia is a genus of plants in the family Lythraceae.  Formerly the Sonneratia were placed in a family called Sonneratiaceae which included both the Sonneratia and the Duabanga, but these two are now placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family Lythraceae.  The genus was also named Blatti by James Edward Smith, but Sonneratia had botanical nomenclature priority. Sonneratia species are mangrove trees.
Vermilion box
A vermilion box is a (hypothetical) portable telephone line emulator used for phreaking, whose function is to spoof all of the aspects of an incoming phone call—DC line voltage, an AC ringing signal and caller ID—while the line is disconnected from the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as allow the user to communicate with the recipient if the call is answered. Its use requires a physical connection to the circuit somewhere between the target premises and the exchange (in either the local loop or the access network), but when properly applied, results in a stealth-intensive incoming call that appears completely genuine but which cannot be electronically traced. Typically, the user physically disconnects the target line from the network or causes an outage in the system, connects the vermilion box, and then initiates the illicit call.

Ringing (telephony)
Ringing is a telecommunication signal that causes a telephone to emit a noise (or other signal), indicating an incoming call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the line to a customer’s telephone, which contained an electromagnetic bell. It is thus referred to as power ringing when distinguishing it from another signal, audible or tone ringing, which is sent to the caller’s handset to indicate that the recipient’s phone is in fact ringing.
Dores do Indaiá
Dores do Indaiá is a Brazilian municipality located in the center of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 13,427 people living in a total area of 1,110 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Central Mineira and to the micro-region of Bom Despacho. It became a municipality in 1880.

Quartel Geral
Quartel Geral is a Brazilian municipality located in the center of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 3,584 people living in a total area of 556 km2. The city belongs to the meso-region of Central Mineira and to the micro-region of Bom Despacho.  It became a municipality in 1953.
Caviinae
Caviinae is a subfamily uniting all living members of the family Caviidae with the exception of the maras, capybaras, and Kerodon. The subfamily traditionally contained the guinea pig or cavy-like forms along with the cursorially adapted (running) Kerodon. Molecular results suggest the Caviinae as so defined would be paraphyletic and Kerodon is more closely related to maras and capybaras than to other caviines. This led Woods and Kilpatrick (2005) to unite Kerodon and capybaras into the subfamily Hydrochoerinae within the Caviidae. These studies also suggest Microcavia and Cavia are more closely related to one another than either is to Galea.

Kerodon
The genus Kerodon (vernacular name mocos; rock cavies) contains two species of South American cavies, the rock cavy and the acrobatic cavy. They are found in the semiarid regions of northeast Brazil known as the Caatinga. This area has a rocky terrain with large granite boulders that contain rifts and hollows where Kerodon species primarily live. They are related to capybaras and guinea pigs.
Plattsburgh Air Force Base
Plattsburgh Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force (USAF) Strategic Air Command (SAC) base covering 3,447 acres (13.7 km2) in the extreme northeast corner of New York, located on the western shore of Lake Champlain opposite Burlington, Vermont, in the town of Plattsburgh, New York.

The base closed on 25 September 1995, pursuant to the Defense Base Realignment and Closure Act of 1990 (10 U.S.C. Sec. 2687 note) and the recommendations of the Defense Base Realignment and Closure Commission. It is now a civilian airport and industrial complex, operated by the Plattsburgh Air Base Development Authority. The airfield is now known as Plattsburgh International Airport.

Plattsburgh (town), New York
Plattsburgh is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 11,886 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Zephaniah Platt, an early land owner, and it surrounds the separate and more populous city of the same name. The town is in the eastern part of the county, in the North Country region of the state of New York. The region's airport, Plattsburgh International Airport, is located in the southern part of the town.
Montpellier Hérault Rugby
Montpellier Hérault Rugby (MHR) (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃pɛlje eʁo ʁyɡbi klœb, -pəl-]; Occitan: Montpelhièr Erau Rugbi Club) is a French professional rugby union club, based in Montpellier, Occitanie and named after the Hérault department. The club competes in the top level of the French league system, the Top 14. They originally played at Stade Sabathé (capacity 5,000) but moved in 2007 to the Stade Yves-du-Manoir, later known as Altrad Stadium, and since renamed the GGL Stadium. They wear white and blue.

Septeo Stadium
Septeo Stadium (or previously known as Altrad Stadium, Stade Yves-du-Manoir and GGL Stadium) is a multi-use stadium in Montpellier, France.  It is currently used mostly for rugby union matches and is the home stadium of Montpellier Hérault RC. The stadium is able to hold 15,697 spectators (12,734 seated). Rugby league side Catalans Dragons used the venue on 5 June 2011 with their tie against Wigan Warriors.

In 2014, Ligue 1 Association football team Montpellier HSC temporarily used the stadium during their 2014–15 season for home games after October floods in Montpellier. Their stadium Stade de la Mosson faced numerous floods and subsequent damages meant the team were unable to use its facility. Altrad held 5 fixtures during this time, 4 Ligue 1 matches and 1 Coupe de la Ligue game which lasted from 28 October up to their last game on 13 December 2014, before the team returned to their home stadium.

The stadium is named after GGL, a property company based in Montpellier.
Thani bin Jassim Stadium
The Thani bin Jassim Stadium (Arabic: ملعب ثاني بن جاسم), also known as the Al-Gharafa Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in the Al Gharrafa district of Al Rayyan, Qatar.  It is currently used mostly for football matches. Al-Gharafa SC and Umm Salal SC play there. The stadium holds 21,175 people and was built in 2003. The stadium hosted matches of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup and other international competitions.

In November 2021, the Asian Football Confederation confirmed that Iraq's 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Syria and South Korea would be played there.

Al-Gharafa SC
Al-Gharafa Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الغرافة الرياضي) is a Qatari multi-sports club based in the Al Gharrafa district of Al Rayyan municipality. The club is best known for its football team, although it also has teams for other sports. The club was established on 6 June 1979 as Al-Ittihad and later officially incorporated into the Qatar Football Association on 23 September of that same year. The club was officially renamed to its current form in 2004 to better represent the district of Al-Gharafa, where the club is located.

The club was founded by Sheikh Mohammed bin Jassim Al Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin Faisal Al Thani, Sheikh Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani and Saad Mohammed Al-Rumaihi. In a documentary produced by Al Kass sports channel about the history of the club, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim mentioned that the idea was initially suggested by Saad Al-Rumaihi who was working as a sports journalist at the Al Raya newspaper.
Jeannine Meulemans
Jeannine Meulemans (born 30 March 1951 in Mechelen) was Belgium's first great international women's judo champion. She is 10-fold Belgian judo champion who nationally remained unbeaten, including in those contests she fought before weight classes were implemented. Internationally, the only contests she lost were due to injury or doubtful referee action. She is considered as the finest female technical judoka ever produced by Belgian judo. Close to her retirement, she won a bronze medal during the first Women's Judo World Championships in 1980 in New York.

Felix De Smedt
Felix De Smedt (16 August 1923, Schelle, Belgium – 2 August 2012, Mechelen, Belgium) was a Belgian judoka who is credited with introducing the sport to Belgium. In January 1941, he studied judo formally in Berlin, and was the first Belgian to have done so. On 20 May 1946, he founded the first Belgian judo club in Schelle near Boom in the province of Antwerp, the Judo and Jujutsu Academy Bushido-Kwai. On 14  March 1951, the club was relocated to Mechelen. On 28 November 1996, it became the first Belgian judo club to be awarded the predicate Royal: the club is called the Royal Judo and Karate Academy Bushido-Kwai Mechelen. In October 1950, De Smedt co-founded the Bel. A. J. A. The Bel A. J. A. and the Association Fédérale Belge de Judo et Ju Jitsu (AFBJJ) (created 6 June 1949) were the predecessors to the Belgian Judo Federation. As an instructor, De Smedt was known for his emphasis on highly technical and clean judo, eschewing the use of blunt force.
Koen
Koen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkun] ⓘ) is a Dutch language given name and surname, popular in the Netherlands and Flanders. Although the earliest direct attestation comes from Oudenaarde, East Flanders in 1272, it is known to have been derived from the Proto-Germanic name *kōnja-, meaning "brave". The given name is often an abbreviation of Koenraad.

Kōen is a Romanization of an unrelated Japanese family name.

Koenraad
Koenraad is a Dutch given name. Notable persons with that name include:

Koenraad Degroote (born 1959), Belgian politician

Koenraad Dillen (born 1964), Belgian politician

Koenraad Elst (born 1959), Belgian orientalist and Indologist

Koenraad Logghe (born 1963), Belgian neopagan

Koenraad Wolter Swart (1916–1992), Dutch-American historian
Yuba County Airport
Yuba County Airport (/ˈjuːbə/ ⓘ; IATA: MYV, ICAO: KMYV, FAA LID: MYV) is in Yuba County, California, United States, three miles southeast of Marysville. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

Yuba County, California
Yuba County (/ˈjuːbə/ ⓘ; Maidu: Yubu) is a county located in north-central Central Valley, California, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, its population was 81,575. Yuba County is included in the Yuba City metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Sacramento–Roseville combined statistical area. The county is in the Central Valley region along the Feather River; the county seat is Marysville.
Wittekindsberg
The Wittekindsberg is a hill, 281.48 m above sea level (NN), which forms the easternmost peak of the Wiehen Hills (German: Wiehengebirge) and is also the western guardian of the Weser gorge, the Porta Westfalica, in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany).

The hill is well-known, especially as the site of the Emperor William Monument (Kaiser Wilhelm Denkmal), but also for the  Moltke Tower and Wittekind Castle.

Wiehen Hills
The Wiehen Hills (German: Wiehengebirge, pronounced [ˈviːənɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ, also locally, just Wiehen) are a hill range in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony in Germany. The hills run from west to east like a long finger away from the main upland area of the Lower Saxon Hills, beginning at the Weser River near Minden and terminating in the vicinity of Osnabrück.
It is the northernmost of the German Central Upland ranges extending into the Northern Lowlands.
Their highest hill is the Heidbrink near Lübbecke with an altitude of 320 metres (1,050 ft).
Malcom McLean
Malcolm "Malcom" Purcell McLean (November 14, 1913 – May 25, 2001) was an American businessman who invented the modern intermodal shipping container, which revolutionized transport and international trade during the second half of the twentieth century. Containerization resulted in a major reduction of the cost of freight transportation by eliminating the need for repeated, labor-intensive handling of individual pieces of cargo, and also improved three-dimensional packing capability, reduced damage and cargo theft, and decreased inventory costs by shortening transit time. Containerization is a major enabler of globalization.

SeaLand
Sea-Land (later known as Maersk SeaLand and SeaLand) was an American intra-regional container shipping company headquartered in Miramar, Florida with representation in 29 countries across the Americas. It offered ocean and intermodal services using container ships, trucks, and rail serving customers between North and South America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
Twaron
Twaron (a brand name of Teijin Aramid) is a para-aramid, high-performance yarn. It is a heat-resistant fibre, helps in ballistic protection and cut protection. Twaron was developed in the early 1970s by the Dutch company Akzo Nobel's division Enka BV, later Akzo Industrial Fibers. The research name of the para-aramid fibre was originally Fiber X, but it was soon called Arenka. Although the Dutch para-aramid fiber was developed only a short time after DuPont's Kevlar, the introduction of Twaron as a commercial product came much later than Kevlar due to financial problems at the Akzo company in the 1970s. As of 2000, Twaron had become a global material and had been integrated into the global markets. Twaron has been around for over 30 years.

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam.  It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow. It is miscible with water and with most common organic solvents. It also belongs to the class of dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. It is used in the petrochemical, polymer and battery industries as a solvent, exploiting its nonvolatility and ability to dissolve diverse materials (including polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF). It has a strong dipole moment and hydrogen bonding due to its cis-amide conformation.: Fig. 5(b)