hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
NGC 188
NGC 188 (also known as Caldwell 1 or the Polarissima Cluster) is an open cluster in the constellation Cepheus. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1825.
Unlike most open clusters that drift apart after a few million years because of the gravitational interaction of our Milky Way galaxy, NGC 188 lies far above the plane of the galaxy and is one of the most ancient of open clusters known, at approximately 6.8 billion years old.

NGC 188 is very close to the North Celestial Pole, under five degrees away, and in the constellation of Cepheus at an estimated 6,000 light-years' distance, this puts it slightly above the Milky Way's disc and further from the center of the galaxy than the Sun.

Cepheus (constellation)
Cepheus is a constellation in the deep northern sky, named after Cepheus, a king of Aethiopia in Greek mythology.  It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the second century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 constellations in the modern times.

The constellation's brightest star is Alderamin (Alpha Cephei), with an apparent magnitude of 2.5. Delta Cephei is the prototype of an important class of star known as a Cepheid variable. RW Cephei, an orange hypergiant, together with the red supergiants Mu Cephei, MY Cephei, VV Cephei, V381 Cephei, and V354 Cephei are among the largest stars known. In addition, Cepheus also has the hyperluminous quasar S5 0014+81, which hosts an ultramassive black hole in its core, reported at 40 billion solar masses, about 10,000 times more massive than the central black hole of the Milky Way, making this among the most massive black holes currently known.
Pârjoale
Pârjoale (also called Moldavian pârjoale; Romanian: Pârjoale moldovenești), plural form of pârjoală, are Romanian and Moldovan meatballs, usually minced pork and beef (sometimes lamb or chicken) mixed with eggs, grated potatoes, slices of bread soaked in milk or water, chopped onions, herbs (parsley, dill, thyme), spices (pepper) and salt, homogenized to form balls which are flattened to an elongated shape, passed through bread crumbs, and fried in hot oil. 
They can also be marinated in a tomato sauce.

Meatball
A meatball is ground meat (mince) rolled into a ball, sometimes along with other ingredients, such as bread crumbs, minced onion, eggs, butter, and seasoning. Meatballs are cooked by frying, baking, steaming, or braising in sauce. There are many types of meatballs using different types of meats and spices. The term is sometimes extended to meatless versions based on legumes, vegetables, mushrooms, fish (also commonly known as fish balls) or other seafood.
Spero Building
The Spero Building is a twelve-story building put up by David Spero at 19-27 West 21st Street in the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1907–08, the store-and-loft edifice, which was designed by Robert D. Kohn in the Art Nouveau style, is located between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and within the Ladies' Mile Historic District. Spero, a millinery goods wholesaler, purchased the site of the building from Benjamin Stern, and rented space in the completed building to "embroiderers, shirtwaist merchants, and cloak and suit merchants, all characteristic tenants in the district/"

The building's frontage measures 104.6 feet (31.9 m), and the facade is composed of limestone, and buff-colored brick. The entire structure cost approximately $350,000 to build.

Ladies' Mile Historic District
The Ladies' Mile Historic District was a prime shopping district in Manhattan, New York City, at the end of the 19th century, serving the well-to-do "carriage trade" of the city. It was designated in May 1989, by the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission to preserve an irregular district of 440 buildings on 28 blocks and parts of blocks, from roughly 15th Street to 24th Street and from Park Avenue South to west of the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). Community groups such as the Drive to Protect the Ladies' Mile District and the Historic Districts Council campaigned heavily for the status.

The Ladies' Mile Historic District contains mostly multi-story store and loft buildings. These buildings became common after 1899 when laws prohibited combined home and production areas without a permit, causing people who had previously worked at home to seek commercial spaces; the rise of unions which advocated for better working conditions also contributed to the development.
Marilyn Nelson
Marilyn Nelson (born April 26, 1946) is an American poet, translator, biographer, and children's book author. She is a professor emeritus at the University of Connecticut, and the former Poet Laureate of Connecticut. She is a winner of the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, the NSK Neustadt Prize for Children’s Literature, and the Frost Medal. From 1978 to 1994, she published under the name Marilyn Nelson Waniek. She is the author or translator of more than twenty books and five chapbooks of poetry for adults and children. While most of her work deals with historical subjects, in 2014 she published a memoir, named one of NPR's Best Books of 2014, entitled How I Discovered Poetry.

Poet Laureate of Connecticut
The poet laureate of Connecticut is the poet laureate for the U.S. state of Connecticut. The poet laureate of Connecticut was established in 1985 by Public Act 85-221 of the Connecticut General Assembly. Five-year residents of the state with a demonstrated career in poetry are eligible for the honorary appointment as an advocate for poetry and literary arts.
Reynier Pauw
Reyer or Reynier Pauw, (Amsterdam, July 29, 1564 – February 19, 1636 ) was an Amsterdam regent of the Golden Age. Pauw was pensionary and eight times mayor of Amsterdam. He was involved in the Compagnie van Verre, the VOC, and the trial of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt.

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjoːɦɑɱ vɑn ɔldə(m)ˈbɑrnəvɛlt]; 14 September 1547 – 13 May 1619), Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs (1600), Gunterstein (1611) and Bakkum (1613), was a Dutch statesman and revolutionary who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain.

Van Oldenbarnevelt was born in Amersfoort. He studied law at the universities of Leuven, Bourges, Heidelberg, and Padua, and traveled in France and Italy before settling permanently in The Hague. He favored William the Silent in his revolt against Philip II of Spain, and fought in William's army. In his later years he was a supporter of the Arminians during the religious-political controversy which split the young Dutch Republic. He was the founder of the Dutch East India Company.
Irish Amateur Athletic Association
The Irish Amateur Athletic Association or IAAA was a governing body for athletic sports in Ireland between 1885 and 1923.

The IAAA was formed as the Irish offshoot of the English Amateur Athletic Association in 1885.  This was partially in reaction to the formation of the more nationalist Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in 1884. The Cross County Association of Ireland (CCAI) was established in 1886 and later became a subsidiary of the IAAA.

In 1923 the National Athletic and Cycling Association (NACA) was established merging the IAAA, the CCAI,  and the Athletics Council of the GAA, with the GAA thenceforth concentrating on Gaelic games.

National Athletic and Cycling Association
The National Athletic and Cycling Association (NACA or N.A. and C.A.), from 1990 the National Athletic and Cycling Association of Ireland (NACAI or NACA(I)) was a federation of sports clubs in the island of Ireland practising athletics or bicycle racing or both. It existed from 1922 to 2000, though for most of the period it was not the sole governing body in Ireland for either sport. Its refusal to recognise the partition of Ireland got it expelled from the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF) and the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Clubs formerly in the NACAI are now affiliated to Athletics Ireland or Cycling Ireland, each formed by the merger of the NACAI with rival bodies respectively affiliated to the IAAF and the UCI.
Meyami Rural District (Mashhad County)
Meyami Rural District (Persian: دهستان ميامي) is in Razaviyeh District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It is administered from the city of Razaviyeh. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kenevist.

Kenevist
Kenevist (Persian: كنويست) is a village in, and the capital of, Kenevist Rural District of the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It was the capital of Meyami Rural District, until its administrative center was transferred to the city of Razaviyeh.
Homatropine
Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system.  It is used in eye drops as a cycloplegic (to temporarily paralyze accommodation), and as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupil).

The related chemical compound homatropine methylbromide (methylhomatropine) is a different medication. Homatropine is less potent than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.  It is available as the hydrobromide salt.  Homatropine is also given as an atropine substitute, given to reverse the muscarinic and CNS effects associated with indirect cholinomimetic (anti-AChase) administration.

Homatropine hydrobromide is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It is an antagonist of all five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Homatropine methylbromide
Homatropine methylbromide (INN; also known as methylhomatropine bromide) is a quaternary ammonium salt of methylhomatropine. It is a peripherally acting anticholinergic medication that inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system.  It does not cross the blood–brain barrier. It is used to effectively relieve intestinal spasms and abdominal cramps, without producing the adverse effects of less specific anticholinergics.
It is used, in addition to papaverine, as a component of mild drugs that help "flush" the bile.

Certain preparations of drugs such as hydrocodone are mixed with a small, sub-therapeutic amount of homatropine methylbromide to discourage intentional overdose.
SMath Studio
SMath Studio is a freeware (free of charge for personal use, but not libre), closed-source, mathematical notebook program similar to Mathcad. It is available for Windows, Linux, iOS, Android, Universal Windows Platform, and on some handhelds.

Among its capabilities are:

Solving differential equations;

Graphing functions in two or three dimensions;

Symbolic calculations, including solving systems of equations;

Matrix operations, including determinants;

Finding roots of polynomials and functions;

Symbolic and numeric differentiation of functions;

Numeric integration;

Simple multiline looped programs;

User-defined functions;

Units of measurement.

SMath has been applied in the fields of physics and  thermal engineering.

Mathcad
Mathcad is computer software for the verification, validation, documentation and re-use of mathematical calculations in engineering and science, notably mechanical, chemical, electrical, and civil engineering. Released in 1986 for MS-DOS, it introduced live editing (WYSIWYG) of typeset mathematical notation in an interactive notebook, combined with automatic computations. It was originally developed by Mathsoft, and since 2006 has been a product of Parametric Technology Corporation.
Kviven Tunnel
The Kviven Tunnel (Norwegian: Kvivstunnelen) is a 6,563-metre (21,532 ft) long road tunnel through the mountain Kviven, along the European route E39 highway.  The tunnel is located in Volda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.  The eastern end of the tunnel is at Kalvatn, just east of the village of Fyrde and the western end is at the village of Grodås.

The tunnel was approved for construction in 2008 and it was completed in 2012.  The tunnel was officially opened on 22 September 2012 by Liv Signe Navarsete, the Norwegian Minister of Local Government and Regional Development.  The tunnel is part of a new ferry-free route for the E39 highway.

Volda Municipality
Volda is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Sunnmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Volda. Other villages in the municipality include Dravlaus, Fyrde, Straumshamn, Leira, Bjørke, and Grodås. The municipality is located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of the town of Ålesund.

The 877-square-kilometre (339 sq mi) municipality is the 132nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Volda Municipality is the 104th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 11,093. The municipality's population density is 12.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (33/sq mi) and its population has increased by 9.5% over the previous 10-year period.
Police Counter Attack Team
The Police Counter Attack Teams (Turkish: Polis Karşı Atak Timleri) or simply CAT is one of the special forces unit of the General Directorate of Security. Unlike the Police Special Operations Department (PÖH), the unit specializes in executive protection.

General Directorate of Security (Turkey)
The General Directorate of Security (Turkish: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, EGM), or the Turkish National Police, is the national civil police of Turkey primarily responsible for law enforcement in urban areas, whilst rural policing falls under the jurisdiction of the Gendarmerie General Command.
John Pyke Hullah
John Pyke Hullah (27 June 1812 – 21 February 1884) was an English composer and teacher of music, whose promotion of vocal training is associated with the singing-class movement. He worked with Charles Dickens and knew  Felix Mendelssohn.

Tonic sol-fa
Tonic sol-fa (or tonic sol-fah) is a pedagogical technique for teaching sight-singing, invented by Sarah Anna Glover (1786–1867) of Norwich, England and popularised by John Curwen, who adapted it from a number of earlier musical systems. It uses a system of musical notation based on movable do solfège, whereby every note is given a name according to its relationship with other notes in the key: the usual staff notation is replaced with anglicized solfège syllables (e.g. the syllable la for the submediant) or their abbreviations (l for la). "Do" is chosen to be the tonic of whatever key is being used (thus the terminology moveable Do in contrast to the fixed Do system used by John Pyke Hullah). The original solfège sequence started with "Ut", the first syllable of the hymn Ut queant laxis, which later became "Do".
Wumenqiao Subdistrict
31°17′03″N 120°37′56″E﻿ / ﻿31.28412°N 120.6321°E﻿ / 31.28412; 120.6321

Wumenqiao Subdistrict (simplified Chinese: 吴门桥街道; traditional Chinese: 吳門橋街道; pinyin: Wúménqiáo Jiēdào) is a subdistrict in Gusu District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. The subdistrict spans an area of 12.19 square kilometres (4.71 sq mi), and has a population of 148,091.

Gusu, Suzhou
Gusu District (simplified Chinese: 姑苏区; traditional Chinese: 姑蘇區; pinyin: Gūsū Qū) is one of five urban districts and the main district of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, China. It was created on 1 September 2012 by the merger of the three former districts of Canglang, Pingjiang, and Jinchang.
2024–25 TPBL season
The 2024–25 TPBL season was the first season of the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL), with the Formosa Dreamers, Hsinchu Toplus Lioneers, Kaohsiung Aquas, New Taipei CTBC DEA, New Taipei Kings, Taipei Taishin Mars, and the Taoyuan Taiwan Beer Leopards participating in this competition. The regular season started on October 19, 2024 and ended on May 18, 2025. The play-in series started on May 23 and ended on May 25. The semifinals series started on May 29 and ended on June 8. The finals series started on June 16 and ended on June 29. On June 29, the New Taipei Kings defeated the Kaohsiung Aquas, 4–3, winning the 2024–25 season championship.

Formosa Dreamers
The Formosa Dreamers (Chinese: 福爾摩沙夢想家) are a Taiwanese professional basketball team based in Taichung City. They have competed in the Taiwan Professional Basketball League (TPBL) and play their home games at the Taichung Intercontinental Basketball Stadium. The Dreamers joined the ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) since the 2017–18 season for replacing Kaohsiung Truth as Taiwan team. The Dreamers became one of the four teams of the inaugural P. League+ season, and one of the seven teams of the inaugural TPBL season.

The Formosa Dreamers were founded by Chang Cheng-chung, Chris Hsu, Jimmy Chang, Blackie Chen and Jonathan Han, all of whom have different professions from various industries.
Barbara Becnel
Barbara Cottman Becnel (born May 30, 1950) is an American author, journalist, and film producer. She was a close friend of Crips co-founder Stanley Williams (aka "Stan Tookie Williams"; a convicted murderer and former gang leader who would later become an anti-gang activist and writer), and editor of Williams's series of children's books, which spoke out against gang violence. Williams was executed in 2005. Becnel co-produced the Golden Globe-nominated film Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story, which starred award-winning actress Lynn Whitfield playing the role of Becnel.

Stanley Williams
Stanley Tookie Williams III (December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005) was an American gangster who co-founded and led the Crips gang in Los Angeles. He and Raymond Washington formed an alliance in 1971 that established the Crips as Los Angeles' first major African-American street gang. During the 1970s, Williams was the de facto leader of the Crips and the prominent crime boss in South Los Angeles.

Williams's activities with the Crips ended in 1979 when he was arrested for the murder of four people during two robberies. Convicted of the murders in 1981 and sentenced to death, he spent over two decades on death row until he was executed by lethal injection in 2005. The highly publicized trial of Williams and extensive appeals for clemency sparked debate on the status of the death penalty in California.
Helicon Home Colony
Helicon Home Colony was an experimental community formed by author Upton Sinclair in Englewood, New Jersey, United States, with proceeds from his novel The Jungle. Established in October 1906, it burned down in March 1907 and was disbanded. Sinclair's initial plan for the colony included farms, a communal kitchen, nurseries for children and other services to make it entirely self-sufficient, and would contain about 100 houses on a 400-acre lot. Opinions of the colony were supportive, with the New York Times noting the difficulties of raising a family alone in the city.

However, writers also raised concerns over the amount of funds required to purchase as much land as was initially planned, as well as the challenge of operating on an entirely communal basis. The colony eventually opened in a New Jersey school building in October 1906, and about 46 adults and 15 children lived in the community in the short time  before it closed.

Englewood, New Jersey
Englewood is a city in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. Englewood was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1899, from portions of Ridgefield Township and the remaining portions of Englewood Township. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 29,308, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 2,161 (+8.0%) from the 2010 census count of 27,147, which in turn reflected an increase of 944 (+3.6%) from the 26,203 counted in the 2000 census.
Exeter Street Theatre
The Exeter Street Theatre is a Richardsonian Romanesque building at the corner of Exeter and Newbury Streets, in the Back Bay section of Boston, Massachusetts. It was built as the First Spiritual Temple, 1884–85, by architects Hartwell and Richardson. For seventy years, from 1914 to 1984, it operated as a movie house. It now houses the Kingsley Montessori School.

Hartwell and Richardson
Hartwell and Richardson  was a Boston, Massachusetts architectural firm established in 1881, by Henry Walker Hartwell (1833–1919) and William Cummings Richardson (1854–1935). The firm contributed significantly to the current building stock and architecture of the greater Boston area.  Many of its buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Cooks Point, Texas
Cooks Point is an unincorporated community in Burleson County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had a population of 60 in 2000. It is located within the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area.

Burleson County, Texas
Burleson County (/ˈbɜːrlɪsən/ BUR-liss-ən) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,642. Its county seat is Caldwell. The county is named for Edward Burleson, a general and statesman of the Texas Revolution.

Burleson County is part of the College Station-Bryan metropolitan statistical area.
Russian conquest of Siberia
The Russian conquest of Siberia took place during 1581–1778, when the Khanate of Sibir became a loose political structure of vassalages that were being undermined by the activities of Russian explorers. Although outnumbered, the Russians pressured the various family-based tribes into changing their loyalties and establishing distant forts from which they conducted raids. It is traditionally considered that Yermak Timofeyevich's campaign against the Siberian Khanate began in 1581. The annexation of Siberia and the Far East to Russia was resisted by local residents and took place against the backdrop of fierce battles between the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Russian Cossacks, who often committed atrocities against indigenous Siberians. The conquest of the region was a spontaneous event organized by a group of adventurers; it is one of the early European colonial campaigns.

Khanty
The Khanty (Khanty: ха́нты, romanized: khanty), also known in older literature as Ostyaks (Russian: остяки), are a Ugric Indigenous people, living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian. In the 2021 Census, 31,467 persons identified themselves as Khanty. Of those, 30,242 were resident in Tyumen Oblast, of whom 19,568 were living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and 9,985—in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 495 were residents of neighbouring Tomsk Oblast, and 109 lived in Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Herty Lewites
Herty Lewites Rodríguez (December 24, 1939 – July 2, 2006) was a Nicaraguan politician. He was Mayor of Managua and a candidate for president in the 2006 Nicaraguan general election when he died suddenly.

Mayor of Managua
The mayor of Managua is chief executive of the capital city of Nicaragua, with almost two million residents as of 2018. The mayor is chosen in the quadriennal Nicaraguan general elections. The incumbent is Reyna Rueda of the FSLN.

The city's other officials include the deputy mayor and the city council.
Santissima Annunziata, Florence
The Basilica della Santissima Annunziata (Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation) is a Renaissance-style, Catholic minor basilica in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. This is considered the mother church of the Servite Order. It is located at the northeastern side of the Piazza Santissima Annunziata near the city center.

Andrea del Sarto
Andrea del Sarto (US: /ɑːnˌdreɪə dɛl ˈsɑːrtoʊ/, UK: /ænˌ-/, Italian: [anˈdrɛːa del ˈsarto]; 16 July 1486 – 29 September 1530) was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, painter of altarpieces, portraitist, draughtsman, and colorist. Although highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori ("without errors"), his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.