hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Institute of General Semantics
The Institute of General Semantics (IGS) is a not-for-profit corporation established in 1938 by Alfred Korzybski, to support research and publication on the topic of general semantics. The Institute publishes Korzybski's writings, including the seminal text Science & Sanity, and books by other authors who have studied or taught general semantics, such as Robert Pula, Irving J. Lee, Wendell Johnson, and Stuart Chase. Every year since 1952, it has sponsored the Alfred Korzybski Memorial Lecture, with presenters from a broad range of disciplines, from science to medicine to entertainment, including names like actor Steve Allen, psychologist Albert Ellis, scientist and visionary R. Buckminster Fuller, linguist Allen Walker Read, and philosopher F. S. C. Northrop. The Institute offers periodic seminars, workshops and conferences and is headquartered in New York City.

Wendell Johnson
Wendell Johnson (April 16, 1906 – August 29, 1965) was an American psychologist, author and was a proponent of general semantics (or GS). His life work contributed greatly to speech–language pathology, particularly in understanding the area of stuttering, as Johnson himself stuttered. The Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center at University of Iowa is named after him. Aside from his contributions to stuttering, he posthumously became known for his controversial experiment nicknamed the "Monster Study".
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Uzbekistan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O'zbekiston Respublikasi Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi; IIV), is a body of the Government of Uzbekistan that is charged with the internal affairs of Uzbekistan and oversees the national police. The Ministry of Internal Affairs was founded on 25 August 1991. It replaced the Soviet Interior Ministry. The current Minister of Internal Affairs is Pulat Bobojonov. The ministry holds joint control over the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also administers the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which is the official educational institution of the ministry.

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (UzSSR), also known as Soviet Uzbekistan, the Uzbek SSR, or simply Uzbekistan and rarely Uzbekia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union. It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the legal political party, from 1925 until 1990. From 1990 to 1991, it was a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation.

Beginning 20 June 1990, the Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders. Islam Karimov became the republic's inaugural president.

On 31 August 1991, the Uzbek SSR was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union's dissolution on 26 December 1991.

Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kirghizia to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.
Brunswick Wharf
Brunswick Wharf was a railway goods yard in Buglawton, Congleton, in Cheshire, England. It was used to transport sand and coal between Congleton and the Staffordshire Potteries, along the Biddulph Valley Line.

Congleton
Congleton is a market town and civil parish in the borough of Cheshire East, in Cheshire, England. The town is on the River Dane, 21 miles (34 km) south of Manchester and 13 miles (21 km) north of Stoke on Trent. At the 2021 census, the town's built-up area had a population of 30,005, while the parish had a population of 28,497.
Paul Fouracre
Paul J. Fouracre is professor emeritus of medieval history at the University of Manchester. His research interests relate to early medieval history, the history of the Franks, law and custom in medieval societies, charters, hagiography and serf-lord relations in the eleventh century.  His recent work on the cost of the liturgy, focusing on the social and economic effects of providing "eternal light", is a study of the interplay between belief and materiality.

Fouracre was co-ordinating editor of Early Medieval Europe from 2005 to 2009 and editor of the first volume of The New Cambridge Medieval History (2005). From 2014 to 2017 he was editor of the Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. He is a Member of the Chetham Society, serving as a Member of Council since 2004 and as President since 2005.

Chetham Society
The Chetham Society "for the publication of remains historic and literary connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester" is a text publication society and registered charity (No. 700047) established on 23 March 1843.
Josh Rock
Joshua Christopher Daniel Rock (born 13 April 2001) is a Northern Irish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number nine; he reached a peak ranking of world number eight in 2025 and 2026. Nicknamed "Rocky", he won the PDC World Cup of Darts in 2025, representing Northern Ireland alongside Daryl Gurney. Rock has also won 5 PDC ranking titles, including the 2024 Dutch Darts Championship on the European Tour.

In his youth career, Rock found success in the PDC's youth system, most notably winning the PDC World Youth Championship in 2022. He also won five titles on the 2022 PDC Development Tour. He threw his first televised nine-dart finish at the 2022 Grand Slam of Darts in his match against Michael van Gerwen. In 2025, Rock reached the semi-finals of the UK Open, World Matchplay, and the World Series Finals.

2024 PDC Players Championship series
The 2024 PDC Players Championship series consisted of 30 darts tournaments on the 2024 PDC Pro Tour.

The Top 64 on the Players Championship Order of Merit qualified for the 2024 Players Championship Finals.
Andrate
Andrate (Piedmontese: Andrà) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Turin.

Andrate borders the following municipalities: Settimo Vittone, Donato, Nomaglio, Borgofranco d'Ivrea, and Chiaverano. It is located at the top of the Moraine of Ivrea, with elevations ranging from 550 to 2,227 meters above the sea level.

Chiaverano
Chiaverano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin.

Chiaverano borders the following municipalities: Donato, Andrate, Borgofranco d'Ivrea, Sala Biellese, Torrazzo, Montalto Dora, Burolo, Ivrea, and Cascinette d'Ivrea. Sights include the Romanesque church of Santo Stefano di Sessano (11th century) and the remains of San Giuseppe Castle.

Part of Lake Sirio lies within the boundaries of the comune.
Dithiocarbamate
In organic chemistry, a dithiocarbamate is a chemical compound with the general formula R2N−C(=S)−S−R. It contains the functional group with the structure >N−C(=S)−S−. It is the analog of a carbamate in which both oxygen atoms are replaced by sulfur atoms (when only one oxygen is replaced the result is thiocarbamate).

Dithiocarbamate also refers to the dithiocarbamate ion R2N−CS−2 and its salts. A common example is sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (CH3CH2)2N−CS−2Na+. Dithiocarbamates and their derivatives are widely used in the vulcanization of rubber.

Carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S. It is also considered as the anhydride of thiocarbonic acid. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. Pure carbon disulfide has a pleasant, ether- or chloroform-like odor, but commercial samples are usually yellowish and are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities.
Bruce Farr
Bruce Kenneth Farr OBE (born 1949 in Auckland) is a New Zealand designer of racing and cruising yachts.  Farr‑designed boats have won, challenged for, or placed highly in the Whitbread Round the World Race, America's Cup, and Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, among others.

Farr's services to yacht design were recognised in the 1990 Queen's Birthday Honours, when he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. He currently lives near Annapolis, Maryland, USA.

Peter Blake (sailor)
Sir Peter James Blake KBE (1 October 1948 – 5 December 2001) was a New Zealand yachtsman and adventurer who won the 1989–1990 Whitbread Round the World Race, held the Jules Verne Trophy from 1994 to 1997 by setting the around the world sailing record as co-skipper of ENZA New Zealand along with Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, and led New Zealand to successive victories in the America's Cup.

Blake was shot and killed by pirates while monitoring environment change on the Amazon River on 5 December 2001. He was 53 years old.
Yogi's Treasure Hunt
Yogi's Treasure Hunt is an American animated television series, and the fifth entry in the Yogi Bear franchise, produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions. Featuring Yogi Bear and various other Hanna-Barbera characters, it premiered in syndication on September 6, 1985 as part of The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera. This is the last series to feature Daws Butler as the voice of Yogi Bear and his other characters before his death in 1988. While all 27 episodes were made in digital ink and paint across three seasons, its opening credits were produced in traditional cel animation.

Boo-Boo Bear
Boo-Boo Bear is a Hanna-Barbera cartoon character on The Yogi Bear Show. Boo-Boo is a shorter anthropomorphic bear who wears a blue bowtie. Boo-Boo is Yogi Bear's constant companion (not his son, as sometimes believed), and often acts as his own conscience. He tries (usually unsuccessfully) to keep Yogi from doing things he should not do, and also to keep Yogi from getting into trouble with Ranger Smith – often saying, "Mr. Ranger isn't gonna like this, Yogi." It is not readily apparent whether Boo-Boo is a juvenile bear with a precocious intellect, or simply an adult bear who is short of stature.
Henry Pottinger
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet Bt GCB PC (3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856) was a Bombay Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the first governor of Hong Kong from 1843 to 1844.

Belfast Royal Academy
The Belfast Royal Academy (also known as BRA) is the oldest school in the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is a co-educational, non-denominational voluntary grammar school in north Belfast. The Academy is one of 8 schools in Northern Ireland whose Head is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.
Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (1890–1972)
Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (Feodora Karola Charlotte Marie Adelheid Auguste Mathilde; 29 May 1890 – 12 March 1972) was the eldest child of Prince Friedrich Johann of Saxe-Meiningen, a younger son of Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and Countess Adelaide of Lippe-Biesterfeld, a daughter of Ernst, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld. By marriage, she was known as Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
William Ernest (Wilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann, English: William Ernest Charles Alexander Frederick Henry Bernard Albert George Herman; 10 June 1876 – 24 April 1923) was the last grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
Thomas Fearnley
Thomas Fearnley (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈfæːɳlɪ], 27 December 1802 – 16 January 1842) was a Norwegian romantic painter, a pupil of Johan Christian Dahl and a leading representative of Norwegian romantic nationalism in painting.
His son Thomas Fearnley (1841–1927) founded the Fearnley dynasty of shipping magnates.

Fearnley (Norwegian family)
Fearnley (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈfæːɳlɪ]) is a Norwegian family of shipping magnates. The family is of English origin, originating in Heckmondwike in Yorkshire. The merchant Thomas Fearnley (1729–1798) migrated from Hull in England to Frederikshald in Norway in 1753. His son, merchant Thomas Fearnley (1768–1834), was married to Maren Sophie Paus (1782–1838). They were the parents of romantic painter Thomas Fearnley and astronomer Carl Frederik Fearnley.

The painter Thomas Fearnley's only child was shipping magnate Thomas Fearnley (1841–1927), who was the father of shipping magnate Thomas Fearnley (1880–1961) and land owner N. O. Young Fearnley. The Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art was founded by their descendants in 1993.
Casimir Pulaski High School
Casimir Pulaski High School is a public high school located on 2500 W Oklahoma Ave in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Casimir Pulaski is part of the Milwaukee Public School system. The school had 1600 students during the 2004–2005 school year.

Pulaski is a large high school located on Milwaukee's south side. The school combines with Milwaukee High School of the Arts and Carmen Southeast High School to create several sports teams including football, basketball, baseball, swimming, wrestling, cross country and track and field.

Milwaukee City Conference
The Milwaukee City Conference (also known as "City Conference") is a high school athletic conference in Wisconsin.  All full-time member institutions are located in the city of Milwaukee and are members of the Milwaukee Public Schools system.
Transnet
Transnet SOC Ltd is a large South African rail, port and pipeline company, headquartered in the Carlton Centre in Johannesburg. It was formed as a limited company on 1 April 1990. A majority of the company's stock is owned by the Department of Public Enterprises, or DPE, of the South African government. The company was formed by restructuring into business units the operations of South African Railways and Harbours and other existing operations and products.

As of August 2024, the company has an accumulated debt of R121 billion.

Port of Ngqura
The Port of Ngqura is a deepwater port on the east coast (Indian Ocean) of South Africa, 20 km northeast of Gqeberha.  It was authorised by an act of parliament in 2002, construction started in September 2002 and the port became operational in October 2009 when the MSC Catania docked at the port.
Darmstadtium
Darmstadtium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is extremely radioactive: the most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 14 seconds. Darmstadtium was first created in November 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, after which it was named.

In the periodic table, it is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and is placed in the group 10 elements, although no chemical experiments have yet been carried out to confirm that it behaves as the heavier homologue to platinum in group 10 as the eighth member of the 6d series of transition metals. Darmstadtium is calculated to have similar properties to its lighter homologues, nickel, palladium, and platinum.

Chemical symbol
Chemical symbols are the abbreviations used in chemistry, mainly for chemical elements, but also for functional groups, chemical compounds, and other entities. Element symbols for chemical elements, also known as atomic symbols, normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet and are written with the first letter capitalised.
Tongtian River
The Tongtian River (Chinese: 通天河, Tōngtiān Hé) or Zhi Qu (Tibetan) is a 1,012 km (629 mi) long river in Qinghai Province in western China. It begins at the confluence of the Ulan Moron and Dangqu rivers, before flowing southeast and meeting the Jinsha River near the border of Qinghai and Sichuan. It is part of the Yangtze River drainage basin.

Dangqu
The Dangqu, Dam Qu (Chinese: 当曲, p Dāngqū) or Dam Chu (Tibetan: འདམ་ཆུ, w 'Dam Chu, lit. "Marshy River") is the longest source of the Yangtze River, with a total length of 365.7 km (227.2 mi) located in the Qinghai province of the People's Republic of China. It runs from its source in an eastern offshoot of the Tanggula Mountains (唐古拉山), receives its main tributary the Buqu-Gar Qu River (布曲), and has a confluence with the Ulan Moron, where the Tongtian River is formed. The Dangqu has been discovered to be the actual and the longest headwater of the Yangtze River under modern criteria, although the nearby Ulan Moron or Tuotuo was traditionally regarded as the primary river of the two.
Cape Byron Rudolf Steiner School
Cape Byron Rudolf Steiner School is a private, co-educational, non-sectarian school providing education from grades K–12. Located approximately six kilometres west of Byron Bay in the suburb of Ewingsdale it has students from the Byron Shire and wider Northern Rivers region.

Byron Bay
Byron Bay (Minjungbal: Cavvanbah) is a beachside town located in the far-northeastern corner of New South Wales, Australia (in Bundjalung Country). It is located 772 kilometres (480 mi) north of Sydney and 165 kilometres (103 mi) south of Brisbane. Cape Byron, a headland adjacent to the town, is the easternmost point of mainland Australia. At the 2021 census, the town had a permanent population of 6,330. It is the largest town of Byron Shire local government area, though not the shire's administrative centre (which is Mullumbimby).
Piper PA-20 Pacer
The PA-20 Pacer and PA-22 Tri-Pacer, Caribbean, and Colt are an American family of light strut-braced high-wing monoplane aircraft built by Piper Aircraft from 1949 to 1964.

The Pacer is essentially a four-place version of the two-place PA-17 Vagabond, with conventional landing gear, a steel tube fuselage and an aluminum frame wing covered with fabric, much like Piper's famous Cub and Super Cub. The Tri-Pacer is a development of the Pacer with tricycle landing gear, while the Colt is a two-seat flight training version of the Tri-Pacer. Prized for their ruggedness, spacious cabins, and, for the time, impressive speed, many of these aircraft continue to fly.

Factory installed 108 hp (81 kW), 125 hp (93 kW), 135 hp (101 kW), 150 hp (110 kW), and 160 hp (120 kW) engine options were available, and 180 hp (130 kW) engine after-market conversions have been offered.

Lycoming O-235
The Lycoming O-235 is a family of four-cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, piston aircraft engines that produce 100 to 135 hp (75 to 101 kW), derived from the earlier O-233 engine.

Well-known designs that use versions of the O-235 included the Cessna 152, Grumman American AA-1 series, Beechcraft Model 77 Skipper, Piper PA-38 Tomahawk, American Champion Citabria, Piper Clipper, and the Piper PA-22-108 Colt.
West Wendover, Nevada
West Wendover is a city in Elko County, Nevada, United States. The population was 4,512 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Elko micropolitan area. West Wendover is located on the eastern border of Nevada and the western edge of the Great Salt Lake Desert and is contiguous with Wendover, Utah, with which it is sometimes confused. It is home to five casinos and a cannabis dispensary which attract many visitors from neighboring Utah, where both casino gambling and non-medical cannabis are illegal. Interstate 80 runs just north of the cities, while Interstate 80 Business (Wendover Boulevard) runs through the two cities.

Interstate 80 Business (West Wendover, Nevada–Wendover, Utah)
Interstate 80 Business (I-80 Bus.) is an unofficial business loop of Interstate 80 (I-80) that is 2.26 miles (3.64 km) long and serves as the main street for the US cities of West Wendover, Nevada, and Wendover, Utah, along a roadway named Wendover Boulevard. Wendover Boulevard was originally part of US Route 40 (US 40), which connected California to New Jersey via Nevada and Utah. A portion of the Nevada segment  runs concurrently with US 93 Alternate (US 93 Alt.), and the entire portion in Utah is coterminous with State Route 58 (SR-58). The Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) applied for the business loop designation in the early 1980s, but the designation has never been approved; nevertheless, signs are posted in both states. Between July 1976 and 1993, I-80 Bus was concurrent with State Route 224 (SR 224) in Nevada.
Dodgers–Padres rivalry
The Dodgers–Padres rivalry is a Major League Baseball (MLB) National League division rivalry between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Diego Padres. The Dodgers and Padres are both members of the National League (NL) West Division. It is occasionally called the I-5 rivalry because Los Angeles and San Diego lie approximately 120 miles apart along Interstate 5.

2022 National League Division Series
The 2022 National League Division Series (NLDS) were the two best-of-five playoff series in Major League Baseball’s (MLB) 2022 postseason to determine the participating teams of the 2022 National League Championship Series (NLCS). These matchups were:

(1) Los Angeles Dodgers (NL West champions) vs. (5) San Diego Padres (Wild Card Series winner): Padres win series 3–1.

(2) Atlanta Braves (NL East champions) vs. (6) Philadelphia Phillies (Wild Card Series winner): Phillies win series 3–1.

The Division Series saw both top seeds lose in the round for the third time in four years.
ABM Galaxy F.C.
ABM Galaxy FC, known fully as Au Bon Marche Galaxy, is a semi-professional association football club based in Port Vila, Vanuatu, founded in 2014.

Since its formation, the club has enjoyed a rapid rise through the ranks of Vanuatuan football, having won the Second Division in 2014–15, the First Division in 2017–18, and the top division at the first attempt in 2018–19.

2018–19 Port Vila Premier League
The 2018–19 Port Vila Premier League is the 25th season of the Port Vila Premier League, the top football league in Port Vila, the capital of Vanuatu. The season started on 27 October 2018. Tupuji Imere were the defending champions.

Tafea FC won a record 16th league title, their first league title since 2008–09, the last of their world record 15 titles in a row.
Henrietta Williams Settle Reid
Henrietta Williams Settle Reid (October 7, 1824 – March 3, 1913) was an American planter who, as the wife of David Settle Reid, was the first lady of North Carolina from 1851 to 1854.

Reid was born Henrietta Williams Settle on October 7, 1824. She was the daughter of U.S. congressman Thomas Settle Sr. and Henrietta Williams Graves.   She was a sister of the judge Thomas Settle.

She married her first cousin, David Settle Reid, on December 19, 1850. They had four children: David Jr., Thomas, Carrie, and Reuben David. They lived at the 700-acre Reid Plantation near the Dan River, where they enslaved twenty-two people. She later lived here as a widow for twenty years. From 1851 to 1854, she served as the state's first lady while her husband served as governor.

Reid died from pneumonia on March 3, 1913 in Reidsville, North Carolina.

Thomas Settle (judge)
Thomas Settle (January 23, 1831 – December 1, 1888) was a United States Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Peru, an associate justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.
Hannevikåsen
Hannevikåsen is a neighbourhood in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the borough of Grim and in the district of Tinnheia. It lies up the hill from Hannevika and Kolsdalen. The European route E39 highway runs underneath the south end of the neighborhood.

Tinnheia
Tinnheia is a district in the city of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. The population is around 3,660 (2014). It is part of the borough of Grim, and it is generally populated with mostly apartment homes, with a high percentage of immigrants. West of Tinnheia is the district of Hellemyr, to the east is the district of Grim (centrum), and to the south is the district of Slettheia.

The district of Tinnheia includes an industrial area called Hannevika. Tinnheia has one elementary school, "Karl Johan Minneskole" (Karl Johan memory school). Public transport is available by Agder Kollektivtrafikk, stops at Tinnheia are located along Line 15 which goes from Kvadraturen-Tinnheia-Kvadraturen 4 times every hour. All the streets in Tinnheia is named after metal, "Tin"-Heia. Tinnheia has the second-most apartment buildings in Kristiansand after Kvadraturen (the city centrum). Tinnheia is the smallest district in area and the 10th largest in population.