hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
St. Joseph High School (Connecticut)
St Joseph High School, is a private, Catholic high school in Trumbull, Connecticut. A four-year, co-educational college preparatory school, St. Joseph was founded in 1962 by the Diocese of Bridgeport. It is a self governing institution within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bridgeport in Trumbull, Connecticut. It has approximately 830 students.

Trumbull, Connecticut
Trumbull is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, and borders on the cities of Bridgeport and Shelton, as well as the towns of Stratford, Fairfield, Easton and Monroe. The population was 36,827 during the 2020 census. The Trumbull area was the home of the Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation for thousands of years before the English settlement was made in 1639.

After independence, the successful American Yankees named the town after one of their own, Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785), a merchant, Patriot (American soldier) and statesman. Aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky lived in Trumbull during his active years, when he designed, built, and flew fixed-wing aircraft and put the helicopter into mass production for the first time.
Chyornaya (Veslyana)
The Chyornaya (Russian: Чёрная) is a river in Perm Krai and Komi Republic, Russia, a right tributary of the Veslyana, which in turn is a tributary of the Kama. The river is 149 kilometres (93 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 1,800 square kilometres (690 sq mi).

The source of the river is in Koygorodsky District of Komi Republic, near the border with Perm Krai, 196 metres (643 ft) above sea level. Its mouth is located near the settlement of Ust-Chyornaya, 142 metres (466 ft) above sea level, 115 kilometres (71 mi) from the mouth of the Veslyana. The main tributaries are Sol, Malaya Sol, Badya (left); Peles, Lel, Parmanka (right).

Peles (river)
The Peles (Russian: Пелес) is a river in Perm Krai, Russia, a right tributary of the Chyornaya, which in turn is a tributary of the Veslyana. The river is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long. The source of the river is in the extreme west of the Gaynsky District of Perm Krai near its border with the Komi Republic, 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of the settlement of Peles, about 219 metres (719 ft) above sea level. Its mouth is about 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of the settlement of Chernorechensky, 171 metres (561 ft) above sea level.
Diagoras Rodos F.C.
G.S. Diagoras 1905 (Greek: Γ.Σ. Διαγόρας 1905) is a Hellenic football club based in Rhodes city founded in 1905.

Diagoras is named after the island's ancient boxer Diagoras.

The team first played under Ottoman rule until the short lived independence of the Dodecanese islands in 1912 and then under the Italian occupation of the island. No matches at all were held during the Balkan Wars and the team played only with other local teams until Rhodes and Dodecanese unified with the rest of Hellas in 1947.

Rhodes (city)
Rhodes (/roʊdz/ ⓘ; Greek: Ρόδος, Ródos [ˈroðos]) is the principal city and a former municipality on the island of Rhodes in the Dodecanese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Rhodes, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It has a population of approximately 56,000 with nearly 90,000 in its metropolitan area. Rhodes has been famous since antiquity as the site of Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The citadel of Rhodes, built by the Hospitallers, is one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe. The Medieval city is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Today, the city of Rhodes is an important Greek urban center and popular international tourist destination.
Naihati
Naihati is a city and a municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).

Naihati Municipality is one of the oldest municipalities in North 24 Parganas district and was established in 1869. It is the birthplace of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, the author of India's national song Vande Mataram, among other luminaries.

Hooghly River
The Hooghly River (/ˈhuːɡli/; Bengali: Hugli [ˈɦuɡli]) is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the Ganges at Giria. A short distance west, it meets the man-made Farakka Feeder Canal, which massively increases its flow. The river then flows south to join the Jalangi at Nabadwip, where it becomes the Hooghly proper. The Hooghly continues southwards, passing through the metropolis of Kolkata. Thereafter, it empties into the Bay of Bengal. Its tributaries include the Ajay, Damodar, Rupnarayan, and Haldi.

The Hooghly has religious significance as Hindus consider the river sacred. It also plays a major role in the agriculture, industry, and climate of the state.
Peter of Poitiers (secretary)
Peter of Poitiers was a monk who served as secretary (Latin: notarius) to Peter the Venerable, the ninth abbot of Cluny.  Little is known of his life.  Presumably he came from the French city of Poitiers or its vicinity.

Apology of al-Kindi
Apology of al-Kindi (also spelled al-Kindy) is a medieval theological polemic making a case for Christianity and drawing attention to alleged flaws in Islam.  The word "apology" is a translation of the Arabic word ‏رسالة‎, and it is used in the sense of apologetics.

It is attributed to an Arab Christian referred to as Abd al-Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi. This Al-Kindi is otherwise unknown, and is clearly different from the Muslim philosopher Abu Yûsuf ibn Ishâq al-Kindī.

The significance of the work lies in its availability to Europe's educated elite from as early as the twelfth century as a source of information about Islam.
United States House Committee on Natural Resources
The U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources or Natural Resources Committee (often referred to as simply Resources) is a Congressional committee of the United States House of Representatives.  Originally called the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs (1951), the name was changed to the Committee on Natural Resources in 1991.  The name was shortened to the Committee on Resources in 1995 by the new chair, Don Young (at the same time, the committee took over the duties of the now-defunct Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee). Following the Democratic takeover of the House of Representatives in 2006, the name of the committee was changed back to its title used between 1991 and 1995.

United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs
The United States House Natural Resources Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans and Insular Affairs was one of the five subcommittees within the  House Natural Resources Committee.  Its purview has been split between two successor subcommittees: the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs, and the Subcommittee on Water, Power and Oceans.

At the beginning of the 114th Congress, Rep. Rob Bishop of Utah became the new Chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee.  He reorganized the committee's structure, eliminated this Subcommittee, and split its duties between the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs, and the Subcommittee on Water, Power and Oceans.
Toll-like receptor 9
Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR9 is an important receptor expressed in immune system cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other antigen presenting cells. TLR9 is expressed on endosomes internalized from the plasma membrane, binds DNA (preferentially DNA containing unmethylated CpGs of bacterial or viral origin), and triggers signaling cascades that lead to a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cancer, infection, and tissue damage can all modulate TLR9 expression and activation. TLR9 is also an important factor in autoimmune diseases, and there is active research into synthetic TLR9 agonists and antagonists that help regulate autoimmune inflammation.

Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single-spanning receptors usually expressed on sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have reached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Humans lack genes for TLR11, TLR12 and TLR13 and mice lack a functional gene for TLR10. The receptors TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10 are located on the cell membrane, whereas TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are located in intracellular vesicles (because they are sensors of nucleic acids).

TLRs received their name from their similarity to the protein coded by the toll gene.
Soitec
Soitec is a French multinational corporation that manufactures substrates used in the manufacturing of semiconductors.

Soitec's semiconductor materials are used to manufacture chips which are used in smartphones, tablets, computers, IT servers, and data centres. Soitec's products are also found in electronic components used in cars, connected objects (Internet of Things), as well as industrial and medical equipment.

Soitec's flagship product is silicon on insulator (SOI). Materials produced by Soitec come in the form of substrates (also called "wafers"). These are produced as ultra-thin disks that are 200 to 300 mm in diameter and are less than 1 mm thick. These wafers are then etched and cut to be used for microchips in electronics.

CEA-Leti: Laboratoire d'électronique des technologies de l'information
CEA-Leti (French: Laboratoire d'électronique des technologies de l'information) is a research institute for electronics and information technologies, based in Grenoble, France. It is one of the world's largest organizations for applied research in microelectronics and nanotechnology. It is located within the CEA Grenoble center of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA).
Grotta Gigante
Grotta Gigante ("Giant Cave", Slovene: Briška jama or Jama pri Briščikih), also known as Riesengrotte or as Grotta di Brisciachi, is a giant cave on the Italian side of the Trieste Karst (Carso), close to the village of Borgo Grotta Gigante or Briščiki in the municipality of Sgonico. Its central cavern is 107 m (351 ft) high, 65 m (213 ft) wide and 130 m (430 ft) long, putting it in the 1995 Guinness Book of Records as the world's largest show cave. This record was broken in 2010 when La Verna cave in the south west of France was opened to tourists, measuring 255 by 225 by 195 metres (837 by 738 by 640 ft).

Karst Plateau
The Karst Plateau or the Karst region (Slovene: Kras, Italian: Carso), also locally called Karst, is a karst plateau region extending across the border of southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy.

It lies between the Vipava Valley, the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills, northern Istria, and the Gulf of Trieste. The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes. The region gave its name to karst topography. For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst.
Village Scouts
Village Scouts (Thai: ลูกเสือชาวบ้าน, RTGS: Luk Suea Chao Ban) is the common name of a right-wing, ultranationalist social movement and paramilitary militia of volunteers from rural Thailand. It is a countrywide organization that the King and Queen of Thailand have sponsored since 1972 in order to promote national unity. It was first founded by the Thai Border Patrol Police (BPP) under the aegis of the Ministry of Interior.

Border Patrol Police
The Border Patrol Police (BPP; Thai: ตำรวจตระเวนชายแดน) is a Thai paramilitary police under the jurisdiction of the Royal Thai Police, responsible for border security, counterinsurgency, disaster relief, law enforcement, operating in difficult terrain, and supporting riot control.
Bythorn
Bythorn is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Bythorn and Keyston, in Cambridgeshire, England. Bythorn lies approximately 11 miles (18 km) west of Huntingdon near Molesworth. Bythorn is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 129.

Huntingdonshire
Huntingdonshire (/ˈhʌntɪŋdənʃər, -ʃɪər/; abbreviated Hunts) is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. 
The district had a population of 180,800 at the 2021 census, and has an area of 354.3 square miles (918 km2). The largest towns are St Neots (33,410), Huntingdon (25,428), and St Ives (16,815). The district council is based in Huntingdon.

Historically a county in its own right, Huntingdonshire's boundaries were established in the Anglo-Saxon era. Huntingdonshire became an administrative county in 1889. In 1965, it was merged with the Soke of Peterborough to form Huntingdon and Peterborough, which was in turn merged with Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire, of which Huntingdonshire is now a district.
Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
The various ethnolinguistic groups found in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and/or South Asia demonstrate differing rates of particular Y-DNA haplogroups.

In the table below, the first two columns identify ethnolinguistic groups. Subsequent columns represent the sample size (n) of the study or studies cited, and the percentage of each haplogroup found in that particular sample.

(Data from studies conducted before 2004 may be inaccurate or a broad estimate, due to obsolete haplogroup naming systems – e.g. the former Haplogroup 2 included members of the relatively unrelated haplogroups known later as Haplogroup G and macrohaplogroup IJ [which comprises haplogroups I and J].)

Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
In human population genetics, Y chromosome haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa. Men in the same haplogroup share a set of differences, or markers, on their Y-chromosome, which distinguish them from men in other haplogroups. These UEPs, or markers used to define haplogroups, are SNP mutations. Y-chromosome haplogroups all form family trees or phylogenies, with both branches or sub-clades diverging from a common haplogroup ancestor, and also with all haplogroups themselves linked into one family tree which traces back ultimately to the most recent shared male line ancestor of all men alive today, called in popular science Y Chromosome Adam.
Turbomeca Aspin
The Turbomeca Aspin was a small French turbofan engine produced by Turbomeca in the early 1950s. This geared turbofan design was the first turbofan to fly, powering the Fouga Gemeaux test-bed aircraft on 2 January 1952.

Lycoming ALF 502
The Lycoming ALF 502/LF 507 (later Honeywell ALF 502/LF 507) is a geared turbofan engine produced by Lycoming Engines, AlliedSignal, and  Honeywell Aerospace. The U.S. military designation for the ALF 502 is YF102.
Torbat-e Heydarieh
Torbat-e Heydarieh (Persian: تربت حيدريه) is a city in the Central District of Torbat-e Heydarieh County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The closest major city to Torbat-e Heydarieh is Mashhad, which is 175 kilometres (109 mi) away.

Eshaq Khan Qaraei-Torbati
Eshaq Khan Qaraei-Torbati (Persian: سردار اسحاق خان قرایی تربتی), was one of the wealthiest and most powerful chieftains in Khorasan during the reigns of Agha Mohammad Khan and Fath Ali Shah. He was fluent in Persian and Arabic.
Alpine Brigade "Tridentina"
The Alpine Brigade "Tridentina" was a light Infantry brigade of the Italian Army, specializing in mountain warfare. Its core units were Alpini, the mountain infantry corps of the Italian Army, that distinguished itself in combat during World War I and World War II. The Alpine Brigade "Tridentina" carried on the colours and traditions of the WWII 2nd Alpine Division "Tridentina".

The brigade was based in the eastern half of the Italian province of South Tyrol, with its headquarters in the city of Brixen. The brigade was disbanded in 2002, however the name and traditions were transferred to the newly raised Division "Tridentina", a deployable military headquarters of the Italian Army.

Comando Truppe Alpine
The Comando Truppe Alpine (Alpine Troops Command) or COMTA (formerly also COMALP) commands the Mountain Troops of the Italian Army, called Alpini (singular: Alpino) and various support and training units. It is the successor to the 4º Corpo d'Armata Alpino (4th Alpine Army Corps) of the Cold War. The Alpini are light Infantry units specializing in Mountain Combat. The subordinate units of the COMTA distinguished themselves during combat in World War I and World War II.
Ma'mun al-Hudaybi
Ma'mun al-Hudaybi (Arabic: مأمون الهضيبي) (May 28, 1921 – January 8, 2004) was the sixth General Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. He briefly succeeded Mustafa Mashhur as General Guide in 2002, and headed the Islamist group until his death on January 8, 2004. His successor was Mohammed Mahdi Akef. Ma'mun al-Hudaybi was the son of the second General Guide, Hassan al-Hudaybi.

Hassan al-Hudaybi
Hassan al-Hudaybi (also Hassan al Hodeiby) (Arabic: حسن الهضيبي) (December 1891 – 11 November 1973) was the second "General Guide", or leader, of the Muslim Brotherhood organization, appointed in 1951 after founder Hassan al-Banna's assassination two years earlier. Al-Hudaybi held the position until his death in 1973.
Bonke
Bonke is one of the woredas in the Southern Ethiopia' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gamo Zone, Bonke is bordered on the south by the Derashe special woreda, on the west by the Weito River which separates it from Kemba, on the northwest by Deramalo, on the north by Dita, and on the east by Arba Minch Zuria. The major town in Bonke is Gerese.

According to a 2004 report, Bonke had 32 kilometers of all-weather roads and 7 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 49 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Deramalo
Deramalo is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Gamo Gofa Zone, Deramalo is bordered on the southeast by Bonke, on the southwest by Kemba, on the west by Zala, on the north by Kucha, and on the east by Dita. Towns in Deramalo include Wacha. Deramalo was part of former Dita Dermalo woreda.
Surnadal Municipality
Surnadalⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Skei. Other villages in Surnadal include Bøverfjorden, Glærem, Moen, Stangvik, Surnadalsøra, Sylte, Todalsøra, and Åsskard.

The 1,366-square-kilometre (527 sq mi) municipality is the 68th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Surnadal is the 164th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 5,953. The municipality's population density is 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.02% over the previous 10-year period.

A mild climate and rich soil make Surnadal well suited for agriculture. The local economy is based on agriculture, forestry, and industrial production, in addition to services.

Bøverfjorden
Bøverfjorden (unofficial spellings: Bæverfjord or Bøverfjord) is a village in Surnadal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It lies on the shore of Hamnesfjord along County Road 65 where the Bøvra River empties into the fjord. The village of Åsskard lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the west the villages of Surnadalsøra and Skei lie about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast.
Sierra Pandura
Sierra Pandura, also known as Cuchilla de Pandura (Pandura Ridge) and La Pica, is a mountain range that runs from the Sierra de Cayey in the northwest to the Caribbean Sea in the southeast in southeastern Puerto Rico, between the municipalities of Maunabo and Yabucoa. Together with the Sierra de Guardarraya to the south, Sierra Pandura is part of the San Lorinzo batholith physiological region, a composite body of volcanic origin which bifurcates the mountain ridge.

Sierra Pandura rises to an elevation of 1,722 feet (525 m) above sea level at Cerro Santa Elena, located in the barrio Juan Martín of Yabucoa. Other peaks in the mountain range include Cerro de la Pandura, located near the sector of La Pica with an elevation of 1,692 feet (516 m) above sea level, and El Sombrerito (Spanish for "the little hat") with 1,463 feet (446 m) in elevation.

Maunabo, Puerto Rico
Maunabo (Spanish pronunciation: [mawˈnaβo]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located in the Maunabo Valley on the southeastern coast, northeast of Patillas and south of Yabucoa. Maunabo is spread over eight barrios and Maunabo Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population in 2020 was 10,589.
Statue of Sarah Siddons
The Statue of Sarah Siddons is an 1897 marble sculpture by the French artist Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud located on Paddington Green near to the Harrow Road in the City of Westminster. It depicts the British stage actress Sarah Siddons (1755–1831), the leading tragedienne of the later Georgian era. A member of the Kemble family, she is buried in the nearby St Mary's Church. Her pose is based on that of her 1784 portrait painting Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse by Joshua Reynolds. It was unveiled by the actor Henry Irving on 14 June 1897. It has been Grade II listed since 1951. In 1952 Sybil Thorndyke led a campaign to restore the statue and it received further restoration work in 2019.

Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse
Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse, or Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse, is a 1783–1784 painting by English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds. The 1784 version is in the Huntington Library art museum, while a 1789 reproduction from Reynolds's studio is in the Dulwich Picture Gallery.
DSV 78/08 Ricklingen
The DSV 78/08 Ricklingen was a German rugby union team from the Ricklingen suburb of Hannover, playing in the 2nd Rugby-Bundesliga North/East in 2008-09. The team was an on-the-field union of DSV 78 Hannover and SV 1908 Ricklingen, two successful clubs in themselves. The two clubs continued to exist as separate entities.

In March 2009, the SV Ricklingen announced it would leave the union with the DSV 78 and not field a senior men's team in the future, instead concentrating on its youth program. This left the DSV 78 to field its own side in the Rugby-Bundesliga 2009-10.

TSV Victoria Linden
The TSV Victoria Linden is a German rugby union club from the Linden suburb of Hannover, currently playing in the Rugby-Bundesliga. Apart from rugby, the club also offers other sports, such as triathlon and athletics. The club's premier men's rugby team in one of four in the country to have established professional status.

The club is Germany's record rugby union champion, with 20 titles.
1924 Lorain–Sandusky tornado
The 1924 Lorain–Sandusky tornado was a deadly F4 tornado which struck the towns of Sandusky and Lorain, Ohio on Saturday, June 28, 1924. It remains the deadliest single tornado ever recorded in Ohio history, killing more people than the 1974 Xenia and 1985 Niles-Wheatland tornadoes combined.

Lorain, Ohio
Lorain (/lɔːˈreɪn/) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. It is located in Northeast Ohio on Lake Erie at the mouth of the Black River, about 25 miles (40 km) west of Cleveland. With a population of 65,211 at the 2020 census, Lorain is the ninth-most populous city in Ohio, the most populous in Lorain County and the third-most populous in Greater Cleveland.