hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Padarn Railway
The Padarn Railway was a narrow-gauge railway in North Wales, built to the unusual gauge of 4 ft (1,219 mm). It carried slate seven miles (11 km) from Dinorwic Quarry to Port Dinorwic. The line opened on 3 March 1843, replacing the Dinorwic Railway. It initially used horses, but was converted to steam haulage on 23 November 1848. The railway was formally titled the Dinorwic Quarries Railway  or Dinorwic Quarry Railway, but informally "Padarn Railway" was widely used.

The railway officially closed on 3 November 1961. The locomotive Dinorwic performed the last practical services by hauling the track-lifting trains.

Dinorwic quarry
Dinorwic quarry (/dɪˈnɔːrwɪɡ/ din-OR-wig; Welsh: [dɪˈnɔrwɪɡ]; also known as Dinorwig quarry) is a large former slate quarry, now home to the Welsh National Slate Museum, located between the villages of Llanberis and Dinorwig (formerly Dinorwic) in Wales. At its height at the start of the 20th century, it was the second largest slate quarry in Wales (and thus, the world), after the neighbouring Penrhyn quarry near Bethesda.  Dinorwic covered 700 acres (283 ha) consisting of two main quarry sections with 20 galleries in each. Extensive internal tramway systems connected the quarries using inclines to transport slate between galleries. Since its closure in 1969, the quarry has become the site of the National Slate Museum, a regular film location, hiking location, and an extreme rock climbing destination.
Deep lingual vein
The deep lingual vein is one of the lingual veins. It commences near the apex of the tongue. It passes posterior-ward close to the inferior surface of the tongue. It terminates near the anterior border of the hyoglossus muscle by uniting with the sublingual vein to form the vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve (ranine vein); this vein then passes posterior-ward alongside the nerve to empty into either a lingual vein, the (common) facial vein, or the internal jugular vein.

Lingual veins
The lingual veins are veins of the tongue with two distinct courses: one group drains into the lingual vein, while another group drains either into the lingual artery, (common) facial vein, or internal jugular vein.
Moelfre (hill)
Moelfre is a large hill in Wales on the far western edge of the Snowdonia National Park, 3 miles (4.8 km) from the village of Dyffryn Ardudwy, 5 miles (8.0 km) from the village of Llanbedr and about 10 miles (16 km) from the town of Harlech. It forms part of the Rhinogydd range. Moelfre reaches a height of 589 metres (1,932 ft).

Moelfre is a prominent peak that separates Cwm Nantcol from Ysgethin Valley. Moelfre is also known for a legend of three women who worked on the sabbath and were turned into standing stones.

Dyffryn Ardudwy
Dyffryn Ardudwy (Welsh pronunciation: [ˌdəfrɨ̞n arˈdɨ̞duːɨ̯]; listenⓘ) is a village, community and electoral ward in the Ardudwy area of Gwynedd, Wales. It comprises several small, almost conjoined, villages including Coed Ystumgwern, Llanenddwyn (Welsh pronunciationⓘ), Llanddwywe, Talybont and Dyffryn Ardudwy. It is situated on the main A496 coast road between Harlech and Barmouth.  The ward had a population of 1,540 according to the 2011 census.
Adam von Trott zu Solz
Friedrich Adam von Trott zu Solz (9 August 1909 – 26 August 1944) was a German lawyer and diplomat who was involved in the conservative resistance to Nazism. A declared opponent of the Nazi regime from the beginning, he actively participated in the Kreisau Circle of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke and Peter Yorck von Wartenburg. Together with Claus von Stauffenberg and Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, he conspired in the 20 July plot and was supposed to have been appointed Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office and lead negotiator with the Western Allies if the plot had succeeded.

A. L. Rowse
Alfred Leslie Rowse CH FBA FRSL FRHistS (4 December 1903 – 3 October 1997) was a British historian and writer, best known for his work on Elizabethan England and books relating to Cornwall.

Born in Cornwall and raised in modest circumstances, he was encouraged to study for Oxford by fellow-Cornishman Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. He was elected a fellow of All Souls College and later appointed lecturer at Merton College. Best known of his many works was The Elizabethan Age trilogy. His work on Shakespeare included a claim to have identified the Dark Lady of the Sonnets as Emilia Lanier, which attracted much interest from scholars, but also many counterclaims. Rowse was in popular demand as a lecturer in North America.

In the 1930s, he stood unsuccessfully as the Labour candidate for Penryn and Falmouth, though later in life he became a Conservative.
Panchama Veda (film)
Panchama Veda (transl. Fifth Veda) is a 1990 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by P. H. Vishwanath, in his first independent film as a director. Vishwanath also wrote the screenplay, while the dialogues were written by T. N. Seetharam. The film stars Ramesh Aravind, Sudharani and Ramakrishna. The film had musical score by Sangeetha Raja.

The film was critically acclaimed and won multiple awards at the Karnataka State Film Awards for the year 1989–90. The film was remade in Telugu in 1997 as Rukmini.

Rukmini (film)
Rukmini is a 1997 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Ravi Raja Pinisetty and starring Vineeth and Preetha Vijayakumar (credited as Rukmini). The film is a remake of the Kannada film Panchama Veda (1990), by P. H. Vishwanath.
Gorge Road
Gorge Road is a locality in the Southland region of New Zealand's South Island.  It is on the Southern Scenic Route and is situated on the western bank of the Mataura River.  Nearby settlements include Ashers to the west, and across the Mataura, Pine Bush and Titiroa to the east.

Formerly the town was known as "Oteramika Gorge" however, for postal reasons in 1896, the name was changed. The name Gorge Road derives from the former names, Gorge Run, an early landholding in the same location.

Gorge Road and Districts Community Development Area (an initiative of the Southland District Council to give local people a say in what is happening in their area) has almost 400 householders in the Southland District Council, and is the largest  Community Development Area of the 16 in the Southland District Council.

Ashers
Ashers is a locality in the Southland region of New Zealand's South Island.  It is situated east of Invercargill on the Southern Scenic Route as it runs between Kapuka and Gorge Road.  Other nearby settlements include Oteramika to the north and Kapuka South to the south.  Also south is the Waituna Lagoon and Toetoes Bay.
Nasira Akhter
Nasira Akhter (born 1 February 1972) is an Indian inventor from Kulgam in Jammu and Kashmir. She dropped out of school and became interested in the uses of herbs. Akhter worked at the Kashmir University Science Instrumentation Centre for over eight years to develop a means to make polythene biodegradable. She found a solution using an undisclosed herb in 2008. The herb is made into a paste and this is applied to the polythene before it is set alight. The polythene is disposed of without any reported pollution. In recognition of her achievements, she received the Nari Shakti Puraskar on International Women's Day 2022 from the President of India Ram Nath Kovind.

Nari Shakti Puraskar
The Nari Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award') is an annual award given by the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India to individual women or to institutions that work towards the cause of women empowerment. It is presented by the president of India on International Women's Day (8 March) at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi. The award was instituted in 1999 under the title of Stree Shakti Puraskar (lit. 'Woman Power Award'), renamed and reorganised in 2015. It is awarded in six institutional and two individual categories, which carry a cash prize of 200,000 and 100,000 rupees, respectively.
Riberhus
Riberhus was a royal castle situated on the western outskirts of Ribe, Esbjerg Municipality, Denmark. Throughout the Middle Ages, it was one of the more important royal castles in Denmark. In 1537–1543, Christian III undertook a renovation of the building. After the Swedish wars in the 17th century, the castle lost its military importance and fell into disrepair.

The site is now referred to either as Riberhus Slotsbanke or Toberhus Voldsted. It consists of an approximately 8-metre-tall (26 ft), almost quadratic embankment surrounded by moats. On the southern corner of the castle bank stands a bronze statue of Queen Dagmar by Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen.

Ribe
Ribe (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁiːpə]) is a town in south-west Jutland, Denmark, with a population of 8,367 (2025). It is the seat of the Diocese of Ribe. Until 1 January 2007, Ribe was the seat of both a surrounding municipality and county. It is now part of the enlarged Esbjerg Municipality in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the oldest town in Denmark.
Fordham, Bronx
Fordham is a neighborhood located in the western Bronx, New York City. Fordham is roughly bordered by East 196th Street to the north, the Harlem River to the west, Fordham Road to the south, and Southern Boulevard to the east. The neighborhood's primary thoroughfares are Fordham Road and Grand Concourse.

Fordham is located within Bronx Community Board 5 and Bronx Community Board 7, and its ZIP Codes include 10453, 10457, 10458 and 10468. Its main subway line is the IND Concourse Line (B and ​D trains), operating under the Grand Concourse, with the IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4 train) on its western border.  The area is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 46th Precinct. New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) property in the area is patrolled by P.S.A. 7 at 737 Melrose Avenue in the Melrose section of the Bronx. The neighborhood is home to the original, Rose Hill campus of Fordham University.

Bronx Community Board 5
Bronx Community Board 5 is a local government unit of the city of New York, encompassing the neighborhoods of Fordham, Morris Heights, Mount Hope, and University Heights. It is delimited by Webster Avenue to the east, Hall of Fame Terrace, West 183rd Street, and Fordham Road to the north, the Harlem River to the west, and Washington Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway to the south.

Its current chairperson is Osiris Guzman, and its district manager Ken Brown.
Savona, British Columbia
Savona (/səˈvoʊnə/ sə-VOH-nə) is an unincorporated community in the Thompson Country region of south central British Columbia. The place is on the western end and south shore of Kamloops Lake, adjacent to the outlet into the Thompson River. On BC Highway 1, the locality is by road about 38 kilometres (24 mi) east of Cache Creek and 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of Kamloops. The surrounding countryside is semi-arid grasslands and hills, which support cattle ranching.

Thompson River
The Thompson River is the largest tributary of the Fraser River, flowing through the south-central portion of British Columbia, Canada.  The Thompson River has two main branches, the South Thompson River and the North Thompson River. The river is home to several varieties of Pacific salmon and trout. The area's geological history was heavily influenced by glaciation, and the several large glacial lakes have filled the river valley over the last 12,000 years. Archaeological evidence shows human habitation in the watershed dating back at least 8,300 years. The Thompson was named by Fraser River explorer, Simon Fraser, in honour of his friend, Columbia Basin explorer David Thompson. Recreational use of the river includes whitewater rafting and angling.
Trauma Towers
Trauma Towers, formerly The Haunted Hotel, was a funhouse haunted attraction at Pleasure Beach Resort (better known as Blackpool Pleasure Beach) in Blackpool, England.

The walk-through attraction opened in 1980, themed to a derelict hotel where visitors are taken through several haunted rooms. In 1999, the attraction was renamed to Trauma Towers, and joined with the neighboring Tagada flat ride, which became the Baronial Dining Hall and served as a finale.

In 2009, the attraction closed, and was left standing but not operating. Some of the scenes from within were reused in the Ghost Train ride. In January 2018, the entire building was demolished at the same time as the Wild Mouse roller coaster, to make way for "future developments".

Ghost Train (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)
Ghost Train is a dark ride attraction at Pleasure Beach Resort (better known as Blackpool Pleasure Beach) in Blackpool, England. It opened in 1930 as a single-floor ride, but was rebuilt and redesigned with a second floor in 1936 by Joseph Emberton. The ride was the first in the world to use the Ghost Train name.  It has also undergone several refurbishments throughout its years of operation.
Mascalucia
Mascalucia (Sicilian: Mascalucìa) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Catania.

Mascalucia borders the following municipalities: Belpasso, Catania, Gravina di Catania, Nicolosi, Pedara, San Pietro Clarenza, Tremestieri Etneo.
It is also the most populated Comune of Catania's province.

Pedara
Pedara (Sicilian: Pirara) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 224 kilometres (139 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) north of Catania.

Pedara borders the municipalities of Mascalucia, Nicolosi, San Giovanni la Punta, Trecastagni, Tremestieri Etneo, and Zafferana Etnea.
Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Pakistan continues to enjoy a privileged status in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC, formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). In terms of population, it is the OIC's second largest member. Pakistan is the only Muslim country to have detonated nuclear weapons, has the sixth-largest standing military force in the world and a large labour workforce working in various Muslim countries.

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Arabic: منظمة التعاون الإسلامي, romanised: Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; French: Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1969. It consists of 57 member states, 48 of which are Muslim-majority. The organisation claims to be "the collective voice of the Muslim world" and works to "safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony".

OIC has permanent delegations to the United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It operates affiliated, specialised, and subsidiary organs within the framework of OIC Charter.

Member states had a collective population of over 1.8 billion as of 2015, accounting for just under a quarter of the world's population. The collective area is 31.66 m km2.
Wigton
Wigton is a market town in the Cumberland district of Cumbria, England. It lies just outside the Lake District. Wigton is at the centre of the Solway Plain, between the Caldbeck Fells and the Solway coast. It is served by Wigton railway station on the Cumbrian Coast Line, and the A596 road to Workington. The town of Silloth-on-Solway lies 12 miles (19 km) to the west, beyond Abbeytown.

Wigton railway station
Wigton railway station is a railway station serving the market town of Wigton in Cumbria, England. It is on the Cumbrian Coast Line, which runs between Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains.
UC Health
UC Health (University of Cincinnati Health) is the healthcare system of the University of Cincinnati, in Cincinnati, Ohio. It trains health care professionals and provides research and patient care. The system is affiliated with the University via the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center (AHC).

Most of the system's facilities are spread among two major campuses in the Cincinnati metropolitan area: the Clifton campus, home to the flagship University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and the West Chester campus, home to West Chester Hospital. There are also locations in Florence, Kentucky, and other Ohio communities.

Thomas J. Fogarty
Thomas James Fogarty (February 25, 1934 – December 28, 2025) was an American surgeon and medical device inventor. He is best known for the invention of the embolectomy catheter (or balloon catheter), which revolutionized the treatment of blood clots (emboli).

In 2008, Fogarty was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for invention of the balloon catheter and devices that have revolutionized vascular surgery, and for creating companies to commercialize these inventions.
Grigno
Grigno (Grigno in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Trento.

Grigno borders the following municipalities: Castello Tesino, Cinte Tesino, Ospedaletto, Arsiè, Asiago, Cismon del Grappa and Enego. it is home to the Grotta della Bigonda and Grotta Calgeron grotto complexes, as well as two prehistorical archaeological sites (Riparo Dalmeri and Grotta di Ernesto).

Ospedaletto, Trentino
Ospedaletto (Ospedaléto in local dialect) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 807 and an area of 16.8 square kilometres (6.5 mi2).

Ospedaletto borders the following municipalities: Pieve Tesino, Cinte Tesino, Ivano-Fracena, Villa Agnedo, Grigno and Asiago.
Les Rousses
Les Rousses (French pronunciation: [le ʁus]) is a commune in the Canton of Hauts de Bienne of Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France, on the Swiss border.

The Lac des Rousses is located northeast of the village of Les Rousses beside the road to the village of Bois d'Amont. The Lac de Lamoura is located southwest of the village of Les Rousses beside the road to the village of Lamoura. Other places include the village of Prémanon and La Cure, the transit point across the Swiss border towards Saint-Cergue.

La Cure
La Cure (French pronunciation: [la kyʁ]) is a village located some 20 kilometres (15 mi) northwest of Lake Geneva, straddling the Franco-Swiss border. Administratively, the Swiss half of La Cure is part of the municipality of Saint-Cergue, while the French half is part of the municipality of Les Rousses. The international border bisects at least four buildings, notably the Hotel Arbez, in which the dining hall and other rooms are bisected by the border.
Gaya College
Gaya College, Gaya (GCG) is a public state college located in Gaya, Bihar, India. Established in February 1944 during the British Raj, it is affiliated with Magadh University, Bodhgaya and is one of the prestigious colleges in Bihar. It was previously placed under Patna University between 1944 and 1951 and then Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University from 1952 until the establishment of Magadh University in 1962.

Magadh University
Magadh University is a public state university and institution of higher education located in Bodhgaya, Bihar. It provides facilities for higher learning and research in the faculties of science, social sciences, humanities and commerce. With 39 affiliated colleges, 19 constituent colleges and 22 departments.
Delta delay
In VHDL simulations, all assignments to signals (a VHDL concept that represents a net connecting different components together) occur with some infinitesimal delay, known as delta delay, unless a delay is specified.  Technically, delta delay is of no measurable unit, but from a digital electronics hardware design perspective one should think of delta delay as being the smallest time unit one could measure, such as a femtosecond (fs).

VHDL
VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language that can model the behavior and structure of digital systems at multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from the system level down to that of logic gates, for design entry, documentation, and verification purposes. The language was developed for the US military VHSIC program in the 1980s, and has been standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as IEEE Std 1076; the latest version of which is IEEE Std 1076-2019. To model analog and mixed-signal systems, an IEEE-standardized HDL based on VHDL called VHDL-AMS (officially IEEE 1076.1) has been developed.
Shoemaker v. United States
Shoemaker v. United States, 147 U.S. 282 (1893), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on the United States Constitution's Appointments Clause. The Court declared Congress may expand the duties of an existing office without rendering it necessary that the incumbent again be nominated, confirmed and appointed as long as the new duties are "germane" to those already held by the office.

Appointments Clause
The Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution empowers the president of the United States to nominate and, with the advice and consent (confirmation) of the United States Senate, appoint public officials. Although the Senate must confirm certain principal officers (including ambassadors, Cabinet secretaries, and federal judges), Congress may by law invest the appointment of "inferior" officers to the President alone, or to courts of law or heads of departments.
Killings in Southern Kaduna
The immediate origins of killings in Southern Kaduna especially in the 2010s and early 2020s can be traced to the events that brought in Goodluck Jonathan into power in 2010 as the President of Nigeria, and escalated after the presidential election in 2011, which he won.

Miyetti Allah
Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (sometimes also called MACBAN) is a loose partisan advocacy group centered on promoting the welfare of Fulani pastoralists in Nigeria. The organization was founded in the early 1970s with headquarters in Kaduna. It became legally operational in 1979 and gained wider acceptance as an advocacy group in 1987.

MACBAN represents the interests of about 100,000 semi-nomads and nomads in the country.
GlmZ RNA
GlmZ (formally known as SraJ) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated into protein.

This ncRNA was discovered in the bacteria Escherichia coli during a large scale computational screen for transcription signals and genomic features of known small RNA-encoding genes. During this screen 14 novel ncRNA genes were identified, including SraB, SraC, SraD and SraG.

The expression of SraJ was experimentally confirmed by Northern blotting. This ncRNA is expressed in early logarithmic phase, but its level decreases into stationary phase. Northern blot analysis also indicated this RNA undergoes specific cleavage processing.

The GlmZ sRNA has been shown to positively control the synthesis of GlmS mRNA. GlmZ is regulated by a related sRNA called GlmY. GlmY functions as an anti-adaptor, it binds to RapZ (RNase adaptor protein for sRNA GlmZ), this binding prevents RapZ from binding to GlmZ and targeting it for cleavage by RNase E.

GlmY RNA
The GlmY RNA (formally known as tke1) family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of around 167 bases in length. The GlmY RNA gene is present in Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis and Salmonella species, where it is found between the yfhK and purL genes. It was originally predicted in a bioinformatic screen for novel ncRNAs in E. coli.

The GlmY sRNA has been shown to activate the synthesis of GlmS. It achieves this by influencing the action of another sRNA called GlmZ in a hierarchical fashion. GlmY functions as an anti-adaptor, it binds to RapZ (RNase adaptor protein for sRNA GlmZ), this binding prevents RapZ from binding to GlmZ and targeting it for cleavage by RNase E.

Further studies have shown that GlmY mutants are sensitive to cell envelope stress.