hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Flameless ration heater
A flameless ration heater (FRH), colloquially an MRE heater, is a form of self-heating food packaging included in U.S. military Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) rations since 1993.

The heater is a plastic bag filled with magnesium and iron powders and table salt. When a meal pouch is placed in the bag and water is added, an exothermic reaction occurs which rapidly boils the water to heat the food.

The U.S. Army began research into a chemical method to heating meals in 1973. The FRH was first issued in May 1990, and an FRH was included with each MRE since 1993.

Meal, Ready-to-Eat
The Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) is a self-contained individual United States military ration used by the United States Armed Forces and Department of Defense. It is intended for use by American service members in combat or field conditions where other food is not available. MREs have also been distributed to civilians as humanitarian daily rations during natural disasters and wars.

The MRE replaced the canned Meal, Combat, Individual (MCI) in 1981. Its garrison ration and group ration equivalent is the Unitized Group Ration (UGR), its in-combat and mobile equivalent is the Close Combat Assault Ration (CCAR), and its long-range and cold weather equivalents are the Long Range Patrol (LRP) and Meal, Cold Weather (MCW) respectively.
Truss bridge
A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements, typically straight, may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. There are several types of truss bridges, including some with simple designs that were among the first bridges designed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A truss bridge is economical to construct primarily because it uses materials efficiently.

Lattice truss bridge
A lattice truss bridge is a form of truss bridge that uses many small, closely spaced diagonal elements forming a lattice. The design was patented in 1820 by architect Ithiel Town.

Originally a means of erecting a substantial bridge from mere planks employing lower–skilled labor, rather than heavy timbers and more expensive carpenters and equipment, the lattice truss has also been constructed using many relatively light iron or steel members. The individual elements are more easily handled by the construction workers, but the bridge also requires substantial support during construction. A simple lattice truss will transform the applied loads into a thrust, as the bridge will tend to change length under load. This is resisted by pinning the lattice members to the top and bottom chords, which are more substantial than the lattice members, but which may also be fabricated from relatively small elements rather than large beams.
Alexander Pushkin (diamond)
The Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ˈpuʂkʲɪn]; lit. 'Alexander Pushkin') is a 320.65 carat colorless raw diamond, the second largest gem diamond ever found in Russia or the territory of the former Soviet Union (after the 26th Congress of the CPSU), and one of the largest in the world as of 2016. It was mined at the Udachnaya kimberlitic pipe (Yakutia, Far Eastern Federal District) in December 1989 and named after the world-famous Russian writer Alexander Pushkin. It is kept in the Russian Diamond Fund (Moscow Kremlin).

Diamond Fund
The Diamond Fund (Russian: Алмазный фонд) is a unique collection of gems, jewelry and natural nuggets, which are stored and exhibited in the Kremlin Armoury in Russia. The Fund was opened in 1967 and its collection dates back to the Russian Crown treasury instituted by Emperor Peter I of Russia in 1719.
Aquila (Roman)
An aquila (Classical Latin: [ˈakᶣɪla]; lit. 'eagle') was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion. A legionary known as an aquilifer, the "eagle-bearer", carried this standard. Each legion carried one eagle. It represents the Eagle of Jove (Aëtos), being Jove the "Father of the Roman state".

The eagle had quasi-religious importance to the Roman soldier, far beyond being merely a symbol of his legion. To lose a standard was seen as extremely grave, shameful and dishonorable, and the Roman military went to great lengths both to protect a standard and to recover one if it were to be lost. For example,  after the annihilation of three legions in the Teutoburg Forest, the Romans spent decades retaliating for the defeat while also attempting to recover the three lost eagles.

No legionary eagle standards are known to have survived. However, other Roman eagles, either symbolizing imperial rule or used as funerary emblems, have been discovered.

Roman military standards
Roman military standards were emblems adopted by units of the Roman army. There were three main types of standard (Aquila, Vexillum, Signum).   
Several throughout its history include:

Aquila, the emblem of the Roman legion whose adoption Pliny the Elder attributes to the general Gaius Marius. Each legion had an eagle, or aquila, carried by an aquilifer;

Vexillum, the emblem of a legion, cohors, numerus or detachments of such units. This was a flag attached to the top of the pole. One type had the name and number of the legion on it. Others were used by detachments serving away from the legion;

Draco, a cavalry standard later adopted also by infantry units;

Labarum, personal ensign of emperor Constantine I, later adopted as army standard.

Signum, Each century (80 men) had its own standard, called a signum. Signa had lots of symbols attached to the pole (Many were discs with indented circles).

Imago, Standard showed the emperor.
Rahnsdorf
Rahnsdorf (German pronunciation: [ˈʁaːnsˌdɔʁf] ⓘ) is a locality (Ortsteil) of Berlin, Germany, located in the southeast of the Berlin borough (Bezirk) of Treptow-Köpenick. Until 2001 it was part of the former borough of Köpenick.

Treptow-Köpenick
Treptow-Köpenick (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁeːpto ˈkøːpənɪk] ⓘ) is the ninth borough of Berlin, Germany, formed in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Treptow and Köpenick.

The borough was formerly part of East Berlin.
Keisei AE series (2009)
The Keisei AE series (京成AE形) is a DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway on Skyliner limited express services to and from Narita International Airport in Japan via the Keisei Narita Airport Line. The first set was delivered in May 2009, and entered service in July 2010, replacing the Keisei AE100 series EMUs previously used on these services.

Keisei Electric Railway
The Keisei Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (stylized as K'SEI since 2001) is a major private railway in Chiba Prefecture and Tokyo, Japan. The name Keisei is the combination of the kanji 京 from Tokyo (東京) and 成 from Narita (成田), which the railway's main line connects; the combination uses different readings than the ones used in the city names. The railway's main line runs from Tokyo to Narita and the eastern suburb cities of Funabashi, Narashino, Yachiyo, and Sakura. Keisei runs an airport limited express train called the Skyliner from Ueno and Nippori to Narita International Airport.

In addition to its railway business, the Keisei Electric Railway Company owns large bus and taxi services and some real estate holdings. It owns a controlling share of the Oriental Land Company which owns and manages the Tokyo Disney Resort. Keisei is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 index.
Barnwood Builders
Barnwood Builders is an American documentary television series following a team of builders that remove logs and beams from old cabins and historic barns to use them when constructing modern houses. Originally produced for the DIY Network, by season 15, the series had been taken over by Magnolia Network which replaced the DIY Network and (as of 2023), is broadcast on Magnolia Network. The series is produced by Silent Crow Arts. The show was in the 19th season as of 2025.

Magnolia Network
Magnolia Network is an American basic cable network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery in partnership with Chip and Joanna Gaines, the founders of lifestyle company Magnolia. It broadcasts personality-based lifestyle programs related to topics such as home construction, renovation, and cuisine.

The channel was first launched by the E. W. Scripps Company on September 30, 1999, as DIY Network: a spin-off of HGTV focusing on instructional programming related to "do it yourself" (DIY) activities such as home improvement. It later focused on reality series following personalities involved in home renovation and related businesses. In 2022, the channel relaunched as Magnolia Network, a joint venture with Chip and Joanna Gaines of the HGTV series Fixer Upper.

As of December 2023, Magnolia Network is available to 51 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2016 peak of 62 million households.
1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
The Senior men's race at the 1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Rome, Italy, at the Ippodromo delle Capannelle on March 21, 1982.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.

1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 1982 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held in Rome, Italy, at the Ippodromo delle Capannelle on March 21, 1982.   A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.

Complete results for men, junior men, women, medallists, 
 and the results of British athletes were published.  In the senior men's competition, two-time defending champion Craig Virgin had traveled to Rome to defend his title, but was unable to race.  On the day before the contest, was sent to the hospital by ambulance, where he was hospitalized for six days with a swollen kidney and a massive urinary tract infection.  Doctors ultimately decided against removal of Virgin's right kidney, although the kidney was later removed in 1994.
Geukensia demissa
Geukensia demissa is a species of mussel, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mytilidae, the true mussels. This species is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. The common names  for this species include ribbed mussel, Atlantic ribbed marsh mussel and ribbed horsemussel. However, the common name ribbed mussel is also used for the Southern Hemisphere mussel Aulacomya atra. The appearance of the shell is grooved and oval in shape. The interior of this mussel is tinted purple.

The ribbed shells of this species usually attain a length of 10 cm length, and can be as large as 13 cm. Age can be determined by counting dark growth rings on the shell and mussels typically live 10 – 15 years, but more advanced ages are not uncommon.

Aulacomya atra
Aulacomya atra, called also the Magellan mussel or the ribbed mussel, is a southern species of edible saltwater mussel, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Mytilidae, the true mussels. Note that the common name ribbed mussel is also used of the Northern Hemisphere mussel Geukensia demissa.

Aulacomya atra is native in South America - in Peru, Chile (where it grows up to 170 mm in length), the Falkland Islands and Argentina. It is also found on the coasts of New Zealand and southern Africa, from Namibia to Port Alfred, South Africa, from the intertidal to 40 m. Introduced specimens have been found in Moray Firth, Scotland.
In Southern Africa the species grows up to 90 mm in length. It usually lives in crowded intertidal beds. Individual animals have brown ribbed shells, which darken to black with age.
Zouan-Hounien Department
Zouan-Hounien Department is a department of Tonkpi Region in Montagnes District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 250,938 and its seat is the settlement of Zouan-Hounien. The sub-prefectures of the department are Banneu, Bin-Houyé, Goulaleu, Téapleu, Yelleu, and Zouan-Hounien.

Zouan-Hounien
Zouan-Hounien is a town in the far west of Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Zouan-Hounien Department in Tonkpi Region, Montagnes District. Zouan-Hounien is also a commune.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Zouan-Hounien was 111,099.
Apedolepis
Apedolepis (meaning "flat scale", from Greek ἄπεδοςi, apedos, meaning 'even', 'flat', or 'level' and λεπίς, meaning 'scale') was an extinct genus of early jawless fish known from the Ordovician Stokes Formation of central Australia. All existing material was collected in the Areyonga Creek section of the eastern Gardiner Range. Apedolepis is known solely from scales, with the type specimen (CPC 33630) consisting of a single scale.The scales of Apedolepis are characterized by an atubular laminar surface tissue of uncertain histology, lacking a distinct base.

Arandaspida
Arandaspida is a taxon of very early, jawless prehistoric fish which lived during the Ordovician period.  Arandaspids represent some of the oldest known vertebrates. The group represents a subclass within the class Pteraspidomorphi, and contains only one order, the Arandaspidiformes. The oldest known genus of this group is Sacabambaspis found in South America.
History of the Jews in Texas
Jewish Texans have been a part of the history of Texas since the first European explorers arrived in the region in the 16th century. In 1990, there were around 108,000 adherents to Judaism in Texas. More recent estimates place the number at around 120,000.

Congregation B'nai Israel (Galveston, Texas)
Congregation B'nai Israel (Hebrew: בני ישראל, lit. 'Sons of Israel') is a Reform Jewish congregation and synagogue located in Galveston, Texas, in the United States. Organized by German Jewish immigrants in 1868, it is the oldest Reform congregation and the second chartered Jewish congregation in the state.

By the Galveston Movement, from 1907 to 1914, it helped attract thousands of eastern European Jewish immigrants to the city, Gulf Coast, and the middle region of the United States.

The congregation worships in The Rabbi Henry Cohen Memorial Temple, located at 3008 Avenue O.
Sotho language
Sotho (/ˈsuːtuː/), also known as Sesotho (/sɪˈsuːtuː, sə-/), Southern Sotho, or Sesotho sa Borwa, is a Southern Bantu language spoken in Lesotho, as its national language, and South Africa, where it is an official language.

Like all Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language, using numerous affixes and derivational and inflexional rules to build complete words.

Nguni languages
The Nguni languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in southern Africa (mainly South Africa, Zimbabwe and Eswatini) by the Nguni people. Nguni languages include Xhosa, Ndebele, Swati, and Zulu. The appellation "Nguni" derives from their ancestor called Mnguni type. Ngoni (see below) is an older, or a shifted, variant. The Nguni languages are the indigenous languages of the subtropics of southern Africa.

It is sometimes argued that the use of Nguni as a generic label suggests a historical monolithic unity of the people in question, where in fact the situation may have been more complex. The linguistic use of the label (referring to a subgrouping of Bantu) is relatively stable.

From an English editorial perspective, the articles "a" and "an" are both used with "Nguni", but "a Nguni" is more frequent and more correct especially if "Nguni" is pronounced as it is suggested (/ŋˈɡuːni/).
Barbara Jordan (tennis)
Barbara Jordan (born April 2, 1957) is an American former professional tennis player who won the 1979 Australian Open singles title.

Jordan also won the mixed doubles title at the 1983 French Open with Eliot Teltscher.  Jordan was a three-time All-American at Stanford University, where she obtained her degree in economics in three years. She won the 1978 AIAW College National doubles with sister Kathy Jordan in 1978. Jordan made her first appearance on the (WTA) computer in August 1977 at No. 95. She was a five-time member of WTA board of directors as well as served as chairman of the tournament committee in 1980. Jordan also won the USTA under 21-National Championship in 1978 in singles and doubles. She went on to earn her Juris Doctor from UCLA.

Eliot Teltscher
Eliot Teltscher (born March 15, 1959) is a retired professional American tennis player. He won the 1983 French Open Mixed Doubles. His highest ranking in singles was No. 6 in the world and in doubles was No. 38 in the world.
Lackland Air Force Base
Lackland Air Force Base (IATA: SKF, ICAO: KSKF, FAA LID: SKF) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located in Bexar County, Texas, United States. The base is under the jurisdiction of the 802d Mission Support Group, Air Education and Training Command (AETC) and an enclave of the city of San Antonio. It is the only site for USAF and United States Space Force enlisted Basic Military Training (BMT).

Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA), an amalgamation of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph AFB and Lackland AFB, which were merged on 1 October 2010. JBSA was established in accordance with congressional legislation implementing the recommendations of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. The legislation ordered the consolidation of the three facilities which were adjoining, but separate military installations, into a single joint base – one of 12 joint bases formed in the United States as a result of the law.

United States Air Force Basic Military Training
United States Air Force Basic Military Training, also known as BMT or boot camp, is a seven-week program of physical and combat training required in order for an individual to become enlisted into the United States Air Force, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard and United States Space Force. It is located at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.
Silla + Rise
Silla + Rise are a Canadian musical group based in Ottawa. Their album Debut was a Juno Award nominee for Indigenous Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2017. Their album Galactic Gala was nominated for World Music Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2020.

The group, consisting of vocalists Cynthia Pitsiulak, Charlotte Qamaniq, and DJ Eric "Rise Ashen" Vani, blends traditional Inuit throat singing with electronic dance music. According to the group, the two seemingly divergent music styles have much in common, including how both involve some form of a battle between performers—i.e., whoever laughs first in throat singing loses. Pitsiulak is originally from Kimmirut and Qamaniq is originally from Igloolik. Pitsiulak and Qamaniq have been performing throat singing since 2005.

In 2018, they performed at the imagineNATIVE festival and in 2019 at Riddu Riđđu. In 2021, they performed on FreeUp! The Emancipation Day Special.

Flying Down Thunder and Rise Ashen
Flying Down Thunder and Rise Ashen are a Canadian electronic music duo based in Ottawa, Ontario, who blend electronic house music with traditional First Nations music. Their album One Nation was a shortlisted Juno Award nominee for Aboriginal Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2012.

The band's members are vocalist Kevin "Flying Down Thunder" Chief and DJ Eric "Rise Ashen" Vani.
TSV Gerbrunn
The TSV Gerbrunn is a German association football club from the municipality of Gerbrunn, Bavaria.

The club's greatest success came in 2002, when it won promotion to the tier four Bayernliga, but it lasted for only one season at this level.

Gerbrunn
Gerbrunn is a municipality in the district of Würzburg in Bavaria in Germany. It is located about 3 km from Würzburg.

The name of the village stems from the contraction of the Althochdeutsche word Ger (throwing spear, because the village had originally the appearance of a spear) and Brunn (source, after the water source that is still flowing today near the city hall).

Another explanation does not trace the "Ger" in "Gerbrunn" to the throwing spear, but to an affluent Frankish aristocrat named Gerwine, who owned a water source in the area of Gerbrunn ("Gerwines Brunnen").
Birger Ekstedt
Birger Ekstedt, (1921–1972), was a Swedish politician (Christian democrat) and a priest.

Birger Ekstedt began his political career as a cultural-conservative member of the right-wing youth organisation, Högerns Ungdomsförbund and a frequent editorial in their newspaper.

After losing a battle over the party's manifesto in 1956 he moved on to the cultural assembly of the party and became its secretary. That is where he meet Lewi Pethrus, with whom he would later form the Christian Democratic party in Sweden. When Birger became a full-time priest in 1961 he left the world of politics and did not return until 1964 when he became one of the founding members and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Coalition of Sweden. He retained the post of chairman until his premature death in 1972.

He was succeeded by Alf Svensson.

Alf Svensson (politician)
Alf Robert Olof Svensson (born 1 October 1938) is a Swedish politician and author. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014. Svensson was the leader of the Christian Democrats in Sweden between 1973 and 3 April 2004. He was a Member of Parliament from 1985 to 1988, and again from 1991 until his election to the European Parliament in 2009. Between 1991 and 1994 he was Minister for Development Cooperation in the liberal-conservative Cabinet led by Prime Minister Carl Bildt.
Francesco Algarotti
Count Francesco Algarotti (11 December 1712 – 3 May 1764) was an Italian polymath, philosopher, poet, essayist, anglophile, art critic and art collector. He was a man of broad knowledge, an expert in Newtonianism, architecture and opera. He was a friend of Frederick the Great and leading authors of his times: Voltaire, Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis and the atheist Julien Offray de La Mettrie. Lord Chesterfield, Thomas Gray, George Lyttelton, Thomas Hollis, Metastasio, Benedict XIV and Heinrich von Brühl were among his correspondents.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (/tiˈɛpəloʊ/ tee-EP-ə-loh, Italian: [dʒoˈvanni batˈtista ˈtjɛːpolo, ˈtjeː-]; 5 March 1696 – 27 March 1770), also known as Giambattista (or Gianbattista) Tiepolo, was an Italian painter and printmaker from the Republic of Venice who painted in the Rococo style, considered an important member of the 18th-century Venetian school. He was prolific, and worked not only in Italy, but also in Germany and Spain.

Giovan Battista Tiepolo, together with Giambattista Pittoni, Canaletto, Giovan Battista Piazzetta, Giuseppe Maria Crespi, and Francesco Guardi are considered the traditional Old Masters of that period.

Successful from the beginning of his career, he has been described by Michael Levey as "the greatest decorative painter of eighteenth-century Europe, as well as its most able craftsman".
Luobei County
Luobei County (simplified Chinese: 萝北县; traditional Chinese: 蘿北縣; pinyin: Luóběi Xiàn) is a county of eastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, bordering Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast to the north. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Hegang.

Hegang
Hegang (Chinese: 鹤岗; pinyin: Hègǎng, also known as Heli and Xingshan) is a prefecture-level city in Heilongjiang province of China, situated in the southeastern section of the Lesser Khingan Range, facing Jiamusi across the Songhua River to the south and Russia's Jewish Autonomous Oblast across the Amur River to the north. Hegang is one of the principal coal-producing cities in China. Hegang covers an administrative area of 14,679.88 km2 (5,667.93 sq mi) and according to the 2020 Chinese census, has a population of 891,271 inhabitants, of whom 545,404 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 6 urban districts.By the end of 2024, the total registered population of the city will be 935,000, including 756,000 in urban areas.