hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hipparchus star catalog
The Hipparchus star catalog is a list of at least 850 stars that also contained coordinates of stellar positions in the sky, based on celestial equatorial latitude and longitude. According to British classicist Thomas Heath, Hipparchus was the first to employ such a method to map the stars, at least in the West. Hipparchus is also credited with creating a celestial globe, although this object is not known to be extant. The catalog was lost to history, until parts of it were rediscovered in 2022 in the Codex Climaci Rescriptus, an ancient palimpsest found in Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai.

Palimpsest
In textual studies, a palimpsest (/ˈpælɪmpsɛst/) is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document. Parchment was made of lamb, calf, or goat skin and was expensive and not readily available, so, in the interest of economy, a page was often re-used by scraping off the previous writing. In colloquial usage, the term palimpsest is also used in architecture, archaeology and geomorphology to denote an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another; for example, a monumental brass on which the blank reverse side has been re-engraved.
Petros Garoufalias
Petros Garoufalias (Greek: Πέτρος Γαρουφαλιάς, 1901 – September 17, 1984) was a Greek politician and businessman, and President of the Fix Beer Company. He was a major financial backer of Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou, under whom he served as Minister of Defense. However, he was heavily involved in the events known as the "Iouliana" of 1965, which led to the fall of the Center Union government.

Iouliana
Iouliana (Greek: Ιουλιανά, "July events") describe the political and constitutional crisis in Greece centered on the resignation, on 15 July 1965, of Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou and subsequent appointment, by King Constantine II, of successive prime ministers from Papandreou's own party, the Centre Union, to replace him. Defectors from the Centre Union were branded by Papandreou's sympathizers as "apostates," and describing the events as "Apostasia" (Greek: Αποστασία, "Apostasy") or the "Royal Coup" (Greek: Το Βασιλικό Πραξικόπημα). The Iouliana heralded a prolonged period of political instability, which weakened the fragile post-civil war order, and ultimately led to the establishment of the military regime in April 1967.
Valerio Romano
Valerio Romano (born 14 October 1952) is a sailor from Naples, Italy, who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Gianluca Lamaro and fellow crew member Aurelio Dalla Vecchia they took the 9th place. Valerio took also part in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea. With same team they took the 13th place in the Soling.

Aurelio Dalla Vecchia
Aurelio Dalla Vecchia (18 November 1958 – 18 April 2024) was a sailor from Naples, Italy who represented his country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Gianluca Lamaro and fellow crew member Valerio Romano they took the 9th place. Aurelio took also part in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea. With same team they took the 13th place in the Soling.
Dean Schifilliti
Dean Schifilliti (/skɪfɪlɪti/ SKIFF-il-ITTY) (born 30 March 1968) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Primarily a hooker, Schifilliti played for the Illawarra Steelers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, North Queensland Cowboys, Adelaide Rams and Parramatta Eels throughout his career.

Adelaide Rams
The Adelaide Rams were an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Adelaide, South Australia. The team was formed in 1995 for the planned rebel Super League competition. The Rams lasted two seasons, the first in the Super League competition in 1997 and the second in the first season of the National Rugby League (NRL) in 1998. The Rams were not a successful club, winning only 13 out of 42 games. However crowd numbers in the first season were the fifth highest of any first-grade club that year, but dwindled to sixteenth in the second season. The Adelaide club was shut down at the end of the 1998 season as a result of poor on-field performances, dwindling crowd numbers, financial losses and a reduction in the number of teams in the NRL. They remain the only team from the state of South Australia to have participated in top-level rugby league in Australia.
Georges Bergé
Georges Roger Pierre Bergé (3 January 1909 – 15 September 1997) was a French Army general who served during World War II. He enlisted in the Free French Forces, where he took command of the 1re compagnie de chasseurs parachutistes (1st Parachute Chaser Company). He is mentioned by David Stirling as one of the co-founders of the Special Air Service (SAS). In Britain and Egypt, he organised the training for Allied agents sent to France and led the first airborne mission in occupied France, named Operation Savannah. He fought in Syria and Crete. After his capture by the Germans, he was imprisoned in Colditz Castle.

Colditz Castle
Colditz Castle (or Schloss Colditz in German) is a Renaissance castle in the town of Colditz near Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz in the state of Saxony in Germany. The castle is between the towns of Hartha and Grimma on a hill spur over the river Zwickauer Mulde, a tributary of the River Elbe. It had the first wildlife park in Germany when, during 1523, the castle park was converted into one of the largest menageries in Europe.

The castle gained international fame as the site of Oflag IV-C, a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II for "incorrigible" Allied officers who had repeatedly attempted to escape from other camps.
What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?
What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? is a 1966 comedy DeLuxe Color film written by William Peter Blatty and directed by Blake Edwards for The Mirisch Company in Panavision. It stars James Coburn and Dick Shawn.

James Coburn
James Harrison Coburn III (August 31, 1928 – November 18, 2002) was an American actor who featured in more than 70 films, largely action roles, and made 100 television appearances during a 45-year career.

Coburn was in numerous leading roles in Westerns and action films. He had starring roles in The Magnificent Seven, Hell Is for Heroes, The Great Escape, Charade and Hard Times as well as the lead role in Our Man Flint and its sequel In Like Flint, The President's Analyst,  Duck, You Sucker!, Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, and Cross of Iron. In 1998, Coburn won an Academy Award for his supporting role as Glen Whitehouse in Affliction. In 2002, he received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries nomination for producing The Mists of Avalon.

During the New Hollywood era, he cultivated an image synonymous with "cool".
Notebooks of Henry James
The Notebooks of Henry James are private notes made by the American-British novelist and critic. Usually the notes are of a professional nature and concern ideas for possible or ongoing fictions, but there are a number of personal notes as well. James made entries in the Notebooks throughout most of his career. The notes were first published posthumously in 1947, in an annotated edition compiled by F. O. Matthiessen and Kenneth Murdock. The novelist Graham Greene ranked it with the G. H. Hardy's A Mathematician's Apology as "the best account of what it was like to be a creative artist."

F. O. Matthiessen
Francis Otto Matthiessen (February 19, 1902 – April 1, 1950) was an American educator, scholar, and literary critic, influential in the fields of American literature and American studies.  His best known work, American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman, celebrated the achievements of several 19th-century American authors and had a profound impact on a generation of scholars. It also established American Renaissance as the common term to refer to American literature of the mid-19th century. Matthiessen was known for his support of liberal causes and progressive politics. His contributions to the Harvard University community have been memorialized in several ways, including an endowed visiting professorship.
Ramon Suzara
Ramon Tatum Suzara (born August 31, 1959), also known as Tats Suzara, is a Filipino sports executive who serves as the president of the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and was president of the Philippine National Volleyball Federation (PNVF) from 2021 to 2025.

Philippine National Volleyball Federation
The Philippine National Volleyball Federation Inc. (PNVF), also known as Volleyball Philippines, is the national sport association for volleyball in the Philippines. It is recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB).
Afternoon, a story
afternoon, a story, spelled with a lowercase 'a', is a work of electronic literature written in 1987 by American author Michael Joyce. It was published by Eastgate Systems in 1990 and is known as one of the first works of hypertext fiction.

afternoon was first offered to the public as a demonstration of the hypertext authoring system Storyspace, announced in 1987 at the first Association for Computing Machinery Hypertext conference in a paper by Michael Joyce and Jay David Bolter. In 1990, it was published on diskette and distributed in the same form by Eastgate Systems. It was followed by a series of other Storyspace hypertext fictions, including Stuart Moulthrop's Victory Garden,  Shelley Jackson's Patchwork Girl and Deena Larsen's Marble Springs. Eastgate continued to publish the work in the 2010s and distributed it on a USB flash drive.

Patchwork Girl (hypertext)
Patchwork Girl or a Modern Monster by Mary/Shelley and Herself is a work of electronic literature by American author Shelley Jackson. It was written in Storyspace and published by Eastgate Systems in 1995. It is often discussed along with Michael Joyce's afternoon, a story as an important work of hypertext fiction.

"Shelley Jackson's brilliantly realized hypertext Patchwork Girl is an electronic fiction that manages to be at once highly original and intensely parasitic on its print predecessors."
David of Kakheti
David of Kakheti was a Choreposcopus (or prince) of Kakheti, a principality in Eastern Georgia, who ruled from 976 until his death in 1010.

A member of the Arevmaneli dynasty that governed over Kakheti since the end of the 9th century, he reigned for 34 years at a time when Bagrationi prince Bagrat III was attempting to unify Georgian lands. In this context, he faced two Georgian invasions in 1008 and 1010. Defeated once, he was reestablished to his throne by a noble revolt, but only ruled for a short time before his death.

Bagrat III of Georgia
Bagrat III (Georgian: ბაგრატ III) (c. 960 – 7 May 1014), also known as Bagrat the Unifier, of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Abkhazia from 978 (as Bagrat II of Abkhazia) and king of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1008 until his death in 1014. Through dynastic inheritance, military conquest, and diplomatic efforts, he successfully united these realms, effectively founding the Kingdom of Georgia. Prior to his coronation as king, Bagrat III also ruled in the Saeristavo of Kartli as co-ruler with his father, Gurgen of Iberia, from 976 to 978.
F. W. Grosheide
Frederik Willem Grosheide (25 November 1881 – 5 March 1972) was a Dutch New Testament scholar. He served as Professor of New Testament at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He served as rector magnificus of that institution three times.

Grosheide wrote the original commentary on 1 Corinthians in the New International Commentary on the New Testament series. He also wrote a number of commentaries in the Korte Verklaring series: Acts, First and Second Corinthians, Hebrews, and the epistles of James and Jude. George Harinck suggests that, along with G. Ch. Aalders, Seakle Greijdanus, and Jan Ridderbos, Grosheide "took the lead in Neo-Calvinist exegetical production."

In 1951, a Festschrift was published in honour of his 70th birthday: Arcana revelata: Een bundel Nieuw-Testamentische studiën aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. F. W. Grosheide ter gelegenheid van zijn zeventigste verjaardag.

Grosheide was also chairman of the Bible Society of the Netherlands.

New International Commentary on the New Testament
The New International Commentary on the New Testament (or NICNT) is a series of commentaries in English on the text of the New Testament in Greek. It is published by the William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. The current series editor is Joel B. Green.

The NICNT covers all 27 books of the New Testament with the exceptions of 2 Peter and Jude.
Senn High School
Senn High School is a public four-year high school located in the Edgewater neighborhood on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Senn is operated by the Chicago Public Schools system and was opened on 3 February 1913. The school is named in honor of surgeon, instructor, and founder of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Nicholas Senn. Senn has advanced placement classes, an International Baccalaureate Diploma Program, a fine arts program (theater, visual arts, dance, and music), and a Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. It formerly housed the public but administratively separate, Hyman Rickover Naval Academy. The architect for the Senn High School building and campus was Arthur F. Hussander, who was the chief architect for the Chicago Board of Education; the contractor was Frank Paschen.

Chicago Public Schools
Chicago Public Schools (CPS; administratively referred to by the state of Illinois as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons) is a public school district in the city of Chicago, Illinois, United States.

It is the fourth-largest school district in the United States (after New York, Los Angeles, and Miami-Dade County). CPS students attend a particular school based on their area of residence, except for charter, magnet, and selective enrollment schools.

As of 2023, CPS has 634 schools, including 477 elementary schools and 157 high schools; of which 514 were district-run, 111 were charter schools, 7 were contract schools, and 2 were SAFE schools.

CPS is led by a chief executive officer, an alternative title for the position of superintendent in most other public school systems.
States' rights
In American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment. The enumerated powers that are listed in the Constitution include exclusive federal powers, as well as concurrent powers that are shared with the states, and all of those powers are contrasted with the reserved powers—also called states' rights—that only the states possess. Since the 1940s, the term "states' rights" has often been considered a loaded term, a euphemism, or a dog whistle because of its use in opposition to federally mandated racial desegregation and, more recently, same-sex marriage and reproductive rights.

Fugitive slave laws in the United States
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory. The idea of the fugitive slave law was derived from the Fugitive Slave Clause which is in the United States Constitution (Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 3). It was thought that forcing states to return fugitive slaves to their masters violated states' rights due to state sovereignty, and that seizing state property should not be left up to the states. The Fugitive Slave Clause states that fugitive slaves "shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due", which abridged state rights because apprehending runaway slaves was a form of retrieving private property. The Compromise of 1850 entailed a series of laws that allowed slavery in the new territories and forced officials in free states to give a hearing to slave-owners without a jury.
The Time (band)
The Time, later known as Morris Day and the Time and the Original 7ven, is an American funk rock band founded in Minneapolis in 1981. They contributed to the development of the Minneapolis sound, an eclectic fusion of funk, R&B, new wave, synth-pop and dance. Led by singer-songwriter Morris Day, the band members are known for having been close associates of musician Prince, and are arguably the most successful artists who have worked with him, achieving success with singles such as "Get It Up", "The Bird", "Cool", "777-9311", "Jungle Love" and "Jerk Out".

Former members Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis went on to a prominent production career after they left the band in 1983, while Day and guitarist Jesse Johnson recorded solo material in addition to their work with the Time.

Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
James Samuel "Jimmy Jam" Harris III (born June 6, 1959) and Terry Steven Lewis (born November 24, 1956) are an American R&B/pop songwriting and record production team. Their productions have received commercial success since the 1980s with various artists, most extensively Janet Jackson. They have written 31 top ten hits in the UK and 41 in the US. In 2022, the duo were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the Musical Excellence category.
Armstrong, British Columbia
Armstrong is a city in the North Okanagan of the Canadian province of British Columbia, between Vernon and Enderby. It overlooks the Spallumcheen Valley, which forms a broad pass between the Okanagan Valley to the south and the Shuswap Country to the north, and is about 480 km (300 mi) from each of Vancouver, B.C. and Spokane, Washington. The City of Armstrong celebrated its centennial in 2013.

Enderby, British Columbia
The City of Enderby is in the North Okanagan region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, between Armstrong and Salmon Arm. It is approximately 80 km north of Kelowna and 130 km east of Kamloops. Highway 97A passes through Enderby and the Shuswap River marks the eastern and northeastern limits of the City. There are two major schools in Enderby: M.V. Beattie Elementary School and A.L. Fortune Secondary School. M.V. Beattie Elementary School was rebuilt in 2012.

The rural area surrounding Enderby is made up of the communities of Ashton Creek, Grandview Bench, Grindrod, Kingfisher, Mara, Splatsin Reserve, Springbend and Trinity Valley. The rural area is 2,108.46 square kilometres. Several smaller lakes, including Gardom Lake and Hidden Lake, are also located in the area.
Merceditas Valdés
Mercedes Valdés Granit (September 24, 1922 – June 13, 1996), better known as Merceditas Valdés, was a Cuban singer who specialized in Afro-Cuban traditional music. Under the aegis of ethnomusicologists Fernando Ortiz and Obdulio Morales, Valdés helped popularize Afro-Cuban music throughout Latin America. In 1949, she became one of the first female Santería singers to be recorded. Her debut album was released at the start of the 1960s, when the Cuban government nationalized the record industry. She then went on hiatus before making a comeback in the 1980s with a series of albums entitled Aché, in collaboration with artists such as Frank Emilio Flynn and rumba ensemble Yoruba Andabo. She also appeared in Jane Bunnett's Spirits of Havana and continued performing until her death in 1996.

Frank Emilio Flynn
Francisco Emilio Flynn Rodríguez (April 13, 1921 – August 23, 2001), better known as Frank Emilio Flynn, was a renowned Cuban pianist. Despite being blind, he was a skilled and versatile pianist who mastered many forms of Cuban music, from danzas and danzones to filin, descarga and Afro-Cuban jazz. He was the founder and director of several ensembles, including Loquibambia (1946) and Los Modernistas (1951), both co-founded with José Antonio Méndez, as well as the Quinteto Instrumental de Música Moderna (1958), which later became Los Amigos.
Chatswood railway station
Chatswood railway station is a rapid transit and suburban railway station located in the Sydney suburb of Chatswood. It is served by Sydney Trains services; the T1 North Shore & Western Line and the T9 Northern Line, and Sydney Metro North West & Bankstown Line services.

Sydney Trains
Sydney Trains is the brand name and operator of suburban and intercity train services in and around Greater Sydney in New South Wales, Australia.

The metropolitan part of the network is a hybrid urban-suburban rail system with a central underground core. It covers 369 km (229 mi) of route length over 919 km (571 mi) of track, with 169 stations on nine lines.

The network has frequencies of 5–10 minutes at peak-time at most inner-city and major stations, and 15 minutes off-peak at most minor stations. During the weekday peak, train services are more frequent. Nearly the entire fleet consists of bilevel electric multiple unit trains.

The network is managed by Transport for NSW and is part of its Opal ticketing system. In 2024–25, 270 million passenger journeys were made on the suburban network, making it the most-used rail network in Australia.
Carla Forte
Carla Dragone Forte (born 11 January 1994) is a Brazilian former professional tennis player.

Forte has career-high WTA rankings of 421 in singles, achieved in August 2012, and 303 in doubles, reached in October 2013. She won one singles title and eleven doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit.

Forte made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the 2013 Brasil Tennis Cup in the doubles event, partnering Beatriz Haddad Maia. The pair reached the quarterfinals, losing to Kristina Barrois and Tatjana Malek.

Beatriz Haddad Maia
Beatriz "Bia" Haddad Maia (Brazilian Portuguese: [beaˈtɾiz ʁaˈdadʒi ˈmajɐ]; born 30 May 1996) is a Brazilian professional tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 10 in singles and doubles by the WTA, becoming the first Brazilian woman to enter the top 10 in singles in the Open Era. Her most notable results are a major semifinal at the 2023 French Open and a major quarterfinal at the 2024 US Open. She was also a runner-up with Anna Danilina in a major doubles event, at the 2022 Australian Open. She is currently the No. 1 singles player from Brazil.

Haddad Maia has won twelve WTA Tour titles, four in singles and eight in doubles.

Playing for the Brazil Fed Cup team, she has a win–loss record of 33–14 (12–2 in doubles) as of August 2025.
Elphinstone Jackson
Elphinstone Jackson (9 October 1868 – December 1945) was an English amateur footballer who made one appearance as a full back for England in 1891. He was one of the founders of the Indian Football Association (IFA).

Indian Football Association
The Indian Football Association, abbreviated as IFA, is the organisation that administers football in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the oldest football association in India and was founded in 1893. Among the founders was former English international Elphinstone Jackson.

The IFA organises tournaments such as the Calcutta Football League, the Calcutta Women's Football League and the IFA Shield. In 2021, the IFA also took an initiative to start its own futsal league.
It also sends state teams for Santosh Trophy and Rajmata Jijabai Trophy.