hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Route 113
Route 113 is a 50.53-mile-long (81.32 km) east–west Massachusetts state route that connects towns in the Merrimack River valley in northeastern Massachusetts.  Its western terminus is at Route 119 in Pepperell, and its eastern end is at U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and Route 1A in Newburyport.

Massachusetts Route 125
Route 125 is an 18.90-mile-long (30.42 km) north–south Massachusetts state route. It runs from Interstate 93 in Wilmington to the Massachusetts-New Hampshire state line in Haverhill, where it continues as New Hampshire Route 125 through Plaistow to Wakefield, New Hampshire. After the first 1.7 miles (2.7 km), which are in Middlesex County, the rest of the route passes through Essex County.
Chiwang
The chiwang (Dzongkha: སྤྱི་དབང་; Wylie: spyi-dbang) is a type of fiddle played in Bhutan. The chiwang, the lingm (flute), and the dramyen (lute) comprise the basic instrumental inventory for traditional Bhutanese folk music.

Although the chiwang is considered typically Bhutanese, it is a variety of the piwang, a Tibetan two-stringed fiddle. It is heavily associated with boedra, one of two dominant genres of Bhutanese folk music, in which it symbolizes a horse.

Lingm
The lingm (Dzongkha: གླིངམ་, Wylie: glingm) is a bamboo flute indigenous to Bhutan. The lingm, the dramyin (lute) and the chiwang (fiddle) comprise the basic instrumental inventory for traditional Bhutanese folk music.

There are two varieties of lingm: the dong lingm (གདོང་གླིངམ་ Wylie: gdong-glingm), which is front-blown; and the zur lingm (ཟུར་གླིངམ་, Wylie: zur-glingm), which is side-blown.
17th arrondissement of Paris
The 17th arrondissement of Paris (XVIIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as le dix-septième (pronounced [lə di sɛtjɛm]; "the seventeenth").

The arrondissement, known as Batignolles-Monceau, is situated on the right bank of the River Seine. In 2019, it had a population of 166,543. It borders the inner suburbs of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Levallois-Perret and Clichy in Hauts-de-Seine to the northwest, as well as Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine in Seine-Saint-Denis to the northeast.

Palais des congrès de Paris
The Palais des congrès de Paris (French pronunciation: [palɛ de kɔ̃ɡʁɛ də paʁi]; English: Paris Congress Centre) is a convention centre, concert venue, and shopping mall at the Porte Maillot in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. The venue was built by French architect Guillaume Gillet, and was inaugurated in 1974.

Nearby the venue are Bois de Boulogne and the affluent neighbourhood of Neuilly-sur-Seine. The closest métro and RER stations are Porte Maillot and Neuilly–Porte Maillot, accessible via the lower levels of the building.
Stonethrow Ridge
Stonethrow Ridge is a snow-covered ridge rising west of Fumarole Bay on Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica.  Vapour Col lies to the south of the ridge.

The name 'Stonethrow' arose following a survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) in January 1954 because of the large number of rocks and stones at the base of the steep east face which have been thrown off the ridge.

Vapour Col
Vapour Col is a col lying south of Stonethrow Ridge on the west side of Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The name given by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 originates from the fumaroles in the col. This is the only locality on Deception Island where there is a complete cross section through the stratigraphy of volcanic succession. Having a similar name in the same island is the Fumarole Bay (also known in the Spanish language as Bahía Primero de Mayo).
ISO 1000
International standard ISO 1000 (SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units, International Organization for Standardization, 1992) is the ISO standard describing the International System of Units (SI).

The ISO 1000:1992 standard was withdrawn in 2009 together with ISO 31, and are superseded by ISO/IEC 80000.

ISO 31
ISO 31 (Quantities and units, International Organization for Standardization, 1992) is a superseded international standard concerning physical quantities, units of measurement, their interrelationships and their presentation. It was revised and replaced by ISO/IEC 80000.
Doobon coat
The Doobon coat (Hebrew: מעיל דובון | me'eel Doobon), also called the Dubon military cold weather parka, Dubon winter parka, Dubon parka or IDF winter parka, is an Israeli windproof military winter coat issued to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) of the State of Israel since the early 1970s. It replaced the British-style heavy woollen Greatcoats and Battledress jackets, and US M-1943 and M-1965 field jackets previously worn by Israeli infantry and elite units during the 1967 Six-Day War, the 1967-1970 War of Attrition, and the 1973 Yom Kippur War. In Hebrew, the name 'Doobon' means 'Little Bear', because this winter coat makes anyone wearing it look like a teddybear since it's warm as a bear's hug.

People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي  | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby), also known as the Armée populaire de libération (APL) in French or Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط | Quwwat al-Shahid Kamal Junblat), was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. The PSP and its militia were members of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) from 1975 to 1982 and its successor, the Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF) from 1983 to 1990.
Dupax del Norte
Dupax del Norte, officially the Municipality of Dupax del Norte (Gaddang: Ili na Dupax del Norte; Ilocano: Ili ti Dupax del Norte; Tagalog: Bayan ng Hilagang Dupax), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 35,509 people.

Alfonso Castañeda
Alfonso Castañeda, officially the Municipality of Alfonso Castañeda (Ilocano: Ili ti Alfonso Castañeda; Tagalog: Bayan ng Alfonso Castañeda), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 8,933 people.
Miss Philippines Earth 2001
Miss Philippines Earth 2001 (also called Miss Philippines 2001) was the first edition of Miss Philippines Earth. It took place at the UP Theater in Quezon City, Metro Manila on April 28, 2001.

At the end of the event, Carlene Aguilar was crowned as the first ever winner of Miss Philippines Earth. Maria del Carmen Antigua was first runner-up, Anjelly Gamboa was second runner-up, Marites Orjalesa was third runner-up, and Gemma Gatdula was fourth runner-up.

The coronation night presentation show was opened with the Miss Earth theme song entitled Woman of the Earth written by Dero Pedero.

Miss Philippines Earth
Miss Philippines Earth (2004–2017, 2019–present), originally titled Miss Philippines (2001–2003) then Miss Earth Philippines (2018), is a national beauty pageant held annually in search of "the most beautiful and environmentally-conscious and aware woman" in the Philippines.

The grand winner of the pageant represents the Philippines in Miss Earth, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants – the most coveted beauty titles among all the international pageant competitions.

The current titleholder is Joy Barcoma of Bacoor, Cavite who was crowned on August 10, 2025 in Okada Manila, Pasay, Metro Manila. The elemental queens are, namely, Maria Flordeliz Mabao (Miss Philippines Air), Angel Rose Tambal (Miss Philippines Water), Jaymie Strickland (Miss Philippines Fire) and Kriezl Jane Torres (Miss Philippines Eco-tourism).
Thorstein Veblen Farmstead
The Thorstein Veblen Farmstead is a National Historic Landmark near Nerstrand in rural Rice County, Minnesota. The property preserves the childhood home of Norwegian-American economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929), best known for his 1899 treatise The Theory of the Leisure Class.

Thorstein Veblen
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (/ˈθɔːrstaɪn ˈvɛblən/ THOR-styn VEH-blən; July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929) was an American economist and sociologist who, during his lifetime, emerged as a well-known critic of capitalism.

In his best-known book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), Veblen coined the concepts of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of institutional economics. Contemporary economists still theorize Veblen's distinction between "institutions" and "technology", known as the Veblenian dichotomy.

As a leading intellectual of the Progressive Era in the US, Veblen attacked production for profit. His emphasis on conspicuous consumption greatly influenced economists who engaged in non-Marxist critiques of fascism, capitalism, and technological determinism.
Nissan VG engine
The VG engine is a family of V6 engines designed and produced by Nissan between 1983 and 2004.

Japan's first mass-produced V6 engine, the iron block/aluminum head 60° VG engine was produced in displacements between 2.0 and 3.3 liters. Early versions used SOHC cylinder heads with two valves per cylinder; later models featured DOHC cylinder heads, four valves per cylinder, a slightly different engine block and N-VCT, Nissan's own version of variable valve timing, delivering a smoother idle and more torque at low to medium engine speeds.

Both production blocks and head castings were used successfully in the Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo and NPT-90 race cars which won the IMSA GT Championship three years in a row.

Nissan Gloria
The Gloria (Japanese: 日産・グロリア) is a large luxury car made from 1959 by the Prince Motor Company, and later by Nissan Motors since its merger with the former — hence being originally marketed as Prince Gloria and later as Nissan Gloria. Initially based on the smaller Prince Skyline, the Gloria line was merged with Nissan Cedric starting with 1971 models and both continued until 2004, when they were both replaced by Nissan Fuga.

After Nissan assumed Prince's operations, the now Nissan-badged Glorias were sold along with the Nissan Skyline. They were marketed through the Nissan Prince Shop network, composed of dealerships that were formerly affiliated with the Prince company. The Prince G engine was used in the Gloria until 1969.

Its name was inspired by the Latin word "Glory".
Western Treatment Plant
The Western Treatment Plant (formerly the Metropolitan Sewage Farm or, more commonly and informally, the Werribee Sewage Farm or Werribee Poo Farm) is a 110 km2 (42 sq mi) sewage treatment plant in Cocoroc, Victoria, Australia, 30 km (19 mi) west of Melbourne's central business district, on the coast of Port Phillip Bay. It was completed in 1897 by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works (MMBW), and is currently operated by Melbourne Water. The plant's land is bordered by the Werribee River to the east, the Princes Freeway to the north, and Avalon Airport to the west.  It forms part of the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site as a wetland of international importance. The Western Treatment Plant treats around fifty percent of Melbourne's sewage — about 485 megalitres or 393 acre-feet  per day — and generates almost 40,000 megalitres or 32,000 acre-feet of recycled water a year. (The Eastern Treatment Plant treats 40%.)

Sewage farm
Sewage farms use sewage for irrigation and fertilizing agricultural land. The practice is common in warm, arid climates where irrigation is valuable while sources of fresh water are scarce. Suspended solids may be converted to humus by microbes and bacteria in order to supply nitrogen, phosphorus and other plant nutrients for crop growth. Many industrialized nations use conventional sewage treatment plants nowadays instead of sewage farms. These reduce vector and odor problems; but sewage farming remains a low-cost option for some developing countries. Sewage farming should not be confused with sewage disposal through infiltration basins or subsurface drains.
Ichirō Satō
Ichirō Satō (佐藤 市郎, Satō Ichirō; August 28, 1889 – April 12, 1958) was a vice admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, educator, historian, and naval diplomat. As a member of the Satō–Kishi–Abe family, he was the older brother of two Japanese prime ministers, Nobusuke Kishi and Eisaku Satō.

Satō–Kishi–Abe family
The Satō–Kishi–Abe family is a Japanese political family. It has produced three prime ministers: Nobusuke Kishi, Eisaku Satō, and Shinzo Abe, who combined have served as Prime Minister of Japan for over 20 years. Kishi led the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in its first election as a combined party. All politicians from the family continue to be associated with the LDP today.
Leroux Bay
Leroux Bay (65°36′S 64°16′W﻿ / ﻿65.600°S 64.267°W﻿ / -65.600; -64.267) is a bay 9 nautical miles (17 km) long in a northwest–southeast direction and averaging 5 nautical miles (9 km) wide, between Nunez Point and the narrow Magnier Peninsula surmounted by the Magnier Peaks and Lisiya Ridge, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica.  The glaciers Chernomen, Luke and Muldava feed the bay.

It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, and named by Jean-Baptiste Charcot for Commander Leroux of the Argentine Navy. The bay was more accurately delineated by the British Graham Land Expedition in 1935.

Magnier Peninsula
Magnier Peninsula is the mostly ice-covered peninsula projecting 18 km in northwest direction from Graham Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica.  It is 17 km wide between Leroux Bay to the northeast and Bigo Bay to the southwest.  Magnier Peaks rise in the northern part of the peninsula, while Lisiya Ridge occupy its base.

The peninsula is named by Chile, taking its name from Magnier Peaks.
KLLI (FM)
KLLI (93.9 FM, Cali 93.9) is a  radio station in Los Angeles, California. Owned by the Meruelo Group, it broadcasts a bilingual Latin pop/rhythmic contemporary format. The station has studios located in Burbank, while its transmitter is based on Mount Wilson, and broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

KDAY
KDAY (93.5 FM, "93.5 KDAY") is a radio station that is licensed to Redondo Beach, California and serves the Greater Los Angeles area. The station is owned by Meruelo Media and airs a classic hip hop format. The station's studios are located in Burbank and its transmitter is in Baldwin Hills. KDAY also extends its signal coverage into the Inland Empire by adding a full power simulcast, KDEY-FM in Ontario, California to fill in all of the overlapping and gaping issues and problems in its eastern coverage area.

KDAY's HD Radio format is R&B.
Field-effect transistor
The field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the current through a semiconductor. It comes in two types: junction FET (JFET) and metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET). FETs have three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

FETs are also known as unipolar transistors since they involve single-carrier-type operation. That is, FETs use either electrons (n-channel) or holes (p-channel) as charge carriers in their operation, but not both. Many different types of field-effect transistors exist. Field effect transistors generally display very high input impedance at low frequencies. The most widely used field-effect transistor is the MOSFET.

Walter Brattain
Walter Houser Brattain (/ˈbrætn/ BRAT-n; February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American solid-state physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states.
Institute of Chartered Accountants of Belize
Institute of Chartered Accountants of Belize (ICAB) is a professional accountancy body in Belize. It is the sole organization in Belize with the right to award the Chartered Accountant designation.
ICAB is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of the Caribbean.

Institute of Chartered Accountants of the Caribbean
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of the Caribbean (ICAC) is an association of accounting organizations in the Caribbean region that promotes professionalism and standards of best practice in the region.
1964 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland
The 1964 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland was held on 15 October with 12 MPs elected in single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post as part of the wider general election in the United Kingdom.

1964 United Kingdom general election
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Thursday 15 October 1964. It resulted in the Conservatives, led by Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home, narrowly losing to the Labour Party, led by Harold Wilson; Labour secured a parliamentary majority of four seats and ended its thirteen years in opposition since the 1951 election. At age 47, Wilson became the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Rosebery in 1894.
Badri Nath Tandon
Badri Nath Tandon (1 August 1931 – 5 March 2018) was an Indian gastroenterologist, hepatologist, medical researcher and academic, and the Chairman and Senior Consultant of Gastroenterology, at Metro Hospitals and Heart Institute, Noida. He is a former Professor and Head of Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi (AIIMS) and a former Director and Senior Consultant of Hepatology and Gastroenterology at Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Diseases, New Delhi. He is a recipient of several awards including Sasakawa WHO Health Prize and Jubilee Medal of the RAMS. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1986, for his contributions to medicine.

King George's Medical University
King George's Medical University (KGMU) is a public medical university located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was formerly a constituent medical college of the University of Lucknow and was separated and raised to the status of a state university by an Act passed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh on 16 September 2002. It is the only government medical institution to have been awarded the NAAC A++ grade in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The university has about 1250 undergraduate students (including 280 dental students) and 450 postgraduate students.

About 250 students a year are admitted to the four-and-a-half-year course of study for the degree of M.B.B.S.
A2 road (Botswana)
The A2 highway is a road in Botswana running from the Namibian border at Buitepos through Jwaneng, Kanye and Lobatse to the South African border at Pioneer Gate, thus connecting 3 countries.

The A2 is a major component of the Trans-Kalahari Corridor, which is a highway corridor that provides a direct route from Pretoria to central Namibia, in particular to Windhoek and the port of Walvis Bay. There are potholes scattered around the road, causing immediate danger.

Trans-Kalahari Corridor
The Trans-Kalahari Corridor is a paved highway corridor that provides a direct route from the port of Walvis Bay and Windhoek in central Namibia, through Botswana, to Pretoria in Gauteng province in South Africa. It initially cost approximately 850 million Namibian dollars (US$115 million) and was officially opened in 1998.

The corridor also includes railway lines from Walvis Bay as far as Gobabis in Namibia, and from Johannesburg as far as Lobatse in Botswana. Connecting the two railway lines has been discussed since 2010, and an agreement between the two countries was signed in 2014, but the project has since become economically unfeasible.

The Maputo Corridor provides an onwards connection from Gauteng to Maputo in Mozambique. Together these corridors form a unique road connection between Walvis Bay on the Atlantic and Maputo on the Indian Ocean; the connected regions are also known as the Walvis Bay–Botswana–Gauteng–Maputo development corridor.
La Chapelle-Rousselin
La Chapelle-Rousselin (French pronunciation: [la ʃapɛl ʁuslɛ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and  Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.

La Tourlandry
La Tourlandry (French pronunciation: [la tuʁlɑ̃dʁi] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.
Native American religions
Native American religions, Native American faith or American Indian religions are the indigenous spiritual practices of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Ceremonial ways can vary widely and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual nations, tribes and bands. Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices. Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, shamanistic, pantheistic or any combination thereof, among others. Traditional beliefs are usually passed down in the oral tradition forms of myths, oral histories, stories, allegories, and principles. Nowadays, as scholars note, many American Natives are having a renewed interest in their own traditions.

Pueblo Revolt
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the Indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonists in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than present-day New Mexico. Persistent Spanish policies, coupled with incidents of brutality and cruelty such as those that occurred in 1599 and resulted in the Ácoma Massacre, stoked animosity and gave rise to the eventual Revolt of 1680. The persecution and mistreatment of Pueblo people who adhered to traditional religious practices was the most despised of these. Scholars consider it the first Native American religious traditionalist revitalization movement. The Spaniards were resolved to abolish pagan forms of worship and replace them with Christianity. The Pueblo Revolt killed 400 Spaniards and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. The Spaniards returned to New Mexico twelve years later.
Matar judíos
Matar judíos (lit. 'killing Jews') is a tradition during Holy Week celebrations in the northern Spanish Province of León, especially in the city of León and its environs, during which participants drink Leonese lemonade, consisting primarily of lemonade, red wine, and sugars.

Critics argue that the name is offensive and perpetuates antisemitic stereotypes. Supporters, however, argue that the current practice is not meant to be antisemitic, and view it as a cultural tradition.

Province of León
León (UK: /leɪˈɒn/, US: /leɪˈoʊn/; Spanish: [leˈon]; Leonese: Llión [ʎiˈoŋ]; Galician: [leˈoŋ]) is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

About one quarter of its population of 463,746 (2018) lives in the capital, León. The climate is dry, cold in winter and hot in summer. This creates the perfect environment for wine and all types of cold meats and sausages like the leonese "Morcilla" and the "Cecina".

There are two famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in the province, the main one in León and another in Astorga. The province shares the Picos de Europa National Park (in the Picos de Europa mountain range) with Cantabria and Asturias. It has 211 municipalities.