hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pedro de Alvarado
Pedro de Alvarado (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ðe alβaˈɾaðo]; c. 1485 – 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, adelantado, governor and captain general of Guatemala. He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of the Aztec Empire led by Hernán Cortés.  He is considered the conquistador of much of Central America, including Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and parts of Nicaragua.

While a great warrior, Alvarado developed a reputation for greed and cruelty, and was accused of various crimes and abuses by natives and Spaniards alike. In 1541, Alvarado was crushed by a horse  while attempting to quell a native revolt in Mexico, dying a few days later.

Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico. The city was the capital of the expanding Aztec Empire in the 15th century until it was captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521.

At its peak, it was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a cabecera of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.  Today, the ruins of Tenochtitlan are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of Xochimilco contains what remains of the geography (water, boats, floating gardens) of the Mexica capital.

Tenochtitlan was one of two Mexica āltepētl (city-states or polities) on the island, the other being Tlatelolco.
Order of Merit for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
The Order of Merit for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Spanish: Orden del Mérito Agrario, Pesquero y Alimentario) is a Civil Order of Merit awarded by Spain.  It is awarded to recognize people and organizations for outstanding performance in agriculture, fisheries, and food in all its manifestations.  The order was established by Royal Decree 421/1987, on 27 February 1987.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Spain
This is a list of some of the modern orders, decorations and medals of Spain.

The majority of the top civil and military decorations currently granted by the Government of Spain on a discretionary basis can be traced back to the 19th and 20th centuries. The military orders, a series of religious-military institutions created during the Middle Ages for military and borderland repopulation purposes in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, were brought under the control of the Crown from the late 15th to early 16th century. Since then, Spanish monarchs have been grand masters of the orders, which enables them to award individuals with the habits of the former as an honor.

Provincial and municipal corporations (diputaciones and ayuntamientos) have a tradition for granting medals, and "adoptive" and "predilect" son/daughter as honorific titles. After the creation of autonomous communities in the late 20th century, regional administrations have also created their own set of civil decorations.
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is the district headquarters of Rewari district. It is located in south-west Haryana around 82 km from Delhi and 51 km from Gurgaon. It lies in Ahirwal region.

Birender Singh (politician, born 1921)
Maharaja Rao Birender Singh (20 February 1921 – 30 September 2009) was an Indian politician. He served first as a minister in the state government of Punjab and then as Chief Minister of Haryana, and also served as a minister in Punjab state, Haryana state and the Union cabinet. He also served as the second Speaker (first male speaker) of Haryana state assembly in 1967. He coined an Indian political vocabulary Aaya Ram, Gaya Ram to describe the practice of frequently floor-crossing by legislature.
Virus crystallisation
Virus crystallisation is the re-arrangement of viral components into solid crystal particles. The crystals are composed of thousands of inactive forms of a particular virus arranged in the shape of a prism. The inactive nature of virus crystals provide advantages for immunologists to effectively analyze the structure and function behind viruses. Understanding of such characteristics have been enhanced thanks to the enhancement and diversity in crystallisation technologies. Virus crystals have a deep history of being widely applied in epidemiology and virology, and still to this day remains a catalyst for studying viral patterns to mitigate potential disease outbreaks.

Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus species in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.  The infection causes characteristic patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling and discoloration on the leaves (hence the name). TMV was the first virus to be discovered. Although it was known from the late 19th century that a non-bacterial infectious disease was damaging tobacco crops, it was not until 1930 that the infectious agent was determined to be a virus. It is the first pathogen identified as a virus. The virus was crystallised by Wendell Meredith Stanley. It has a similar size to the largest synthetic molecule, known as PG5 with comparable length and diameter.
Toronto Santa Claus Parade
The Toronto Santa Claus Parade, also branded as The Original Santa Claus Parade, is a Santa Claus parade held annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

First held in 1905, it is one of the largest parade productions in North America, the oldest Santa Claus parade in the world, and one of the world's oldest annual parades. Traditionally, it ran from Christie Pits along Bloor Street West and then south through Downtown Toronto before terminating at the downtown Eaton's store (later the Eaton Centre) at Yonge Street and Queen Street. Since Eaton's ceased its sponsorship of the parade in the 1980s, it has instead terminated at St. Lawrence Market. Its current route is almost 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) long. By tradition, the parade concludes with the arrival of Santa Claus.

Santa Claus parade
Santa Claus parades, also called Christmas parades, are parades held in some countries to celebrate the official opening of the Christmas season with the arrival of Santa Claus who always appears in the last float.
The parades usually include themed floats, dancing or marching groups and bands playing Christmas songs.  They are moving pageants that typically end near the centre of a city. Often sponsored by department stores, they may reinforce the store's brand recognition during the important Christmas shopping season.
Curtia
Curtia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family, Gentianaceae.

Its native range is Southern Tropical America.

Species:

Curtia ayangannae L.Cobb & Jans.-Jac.

Curtia conferta (Mart.) Knobl.

Curtia confusa Grothe & Maas

Curtia diffusa Cham.

Curtia intermedia (Progel) Knobl.

Curtia malmeana Gilg

Curtia obtusifolia (Benth.) Knobl.

Curtia patula (Mart.) Knobl.

Curtia pusilla (Griseb.) Knobl.

Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl.) Knobl.

Curtia verticillaris (Spreng.) Knobl.

Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 105 genera and about 1650 species. Species in this family inhabit every continent except the antarctic, and have been used around the world for centuries as traditional medicine.
Universal CityWalk
Universal CityWalk is the name shared by the entertainment and retail districts located adjacent to the theme parks of Universal Destinations & Experiences. CityWalk began as an expansion of Universal's first park, Universal Studios Hollywood, and serves as an entrance plaza from the parking lots to the theme parks. The CityWalk chain can also be found at Universal Orlando Resort in Florida, United States; Universal Studios Japan in Osaka, Japan; and Universal Beijing Resort in Beijing, China.

CityWalk Hollywood and CityWalk Orlando have some common tenants, but their respective architectural styles are quite different. Where CityWalk Hollywood incorporates a classic modern blend of Hollywood, CityWalk Orlando is almost entirely modern in appearance.

Bubba Gump Shrimp Company
The Bubba Gump Shrimp Company is an American seafood restaurant chain inspired by the 1994 film Forrest Gump, based in Houston, Texas, and a division of Landry's Restaurants since 2010. As of 2025, 31 restaurants operate worldwide: twenty in the U.S., four in Mexico, three in Japan, and one each in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Canada.

The first Bubba Gump restaurant opened in 1996 in Monterey, California, by Rusty Pelican Restaurants in partnership with Paramount, the distributor of Forrest Gump. It was named for the film's characters Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue and Forrest Gump. Before his death in the Vietnam War, Bubba convinces Gump to go into the shrimping business.
Sarda chiliensis
Sarda chiliensis, the eastern Pacific bonito, is a marine species of bonito. It ranges from Ecuador to Chile. Sarda lineolata, which ranges from Alaska to Mexico was formerly considered a subspecies, as Sarda chiliensis lineolata, but this treatment renders the species geographically disjunct.

Bonito
Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned, predatory fish in the family Scombridae, which it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and Spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish.  Also called the tribe Sardini, it consists of eight species across four genera; three of those four genera are monotypic, having a single species each. Bonitos closely resemble the skipjack tuna, which is often called a bonito, especially in Japanese contexts.
Broad-striped dasyure
The broad-striped dasyure (Murexia rothschildi) is a species of marsupial in the family Dasyuridae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.

Some authorities place it in the monotypic genus Paramurexia.

Dasyuridae
The Dasyuridae are a family of marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, including 71 extant species divided into 17 genera. Many are small and mouse-like or shrew-like, giving some of them the name marsupial mice or marsupial shrews, but the group also includes the cat-sized quolls, as well as the Tasmanian devil. They are found in a wide range of habitats, including grassland, underground, forests, and mountains. Some species are arboreal or semiaquatic. The Dasyuridae are often called the 'marsupial carnivores', as most members of the family are insectivores.
PPG Institute of Technology
PPG Institute of Technology(PPGIT), located at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India is a private self-financing engineering institute. The college is approved by AICTE and is affiliated to the Anna University Coimbatore. The college has been established from the academic year 2008-2009.

Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore
Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore is a regional campus of Anna University. It offers full time UG and PG courses in university campus in Coimbatore along with more than 40 degree programmes through its Distance Education Arm Directorate of Online and Distance Education. It was established in 2007.
Louisa Jane Hall
Louisa Jane Hall (née Park; February 7, 1802 – September 8, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and literary critic of the Romantic era. None of her poems appeared in print until after she was twenty; they were then published anonymously in the Literary Gazette, and other periodicals. Miriam, a Dramatic Sketch, her most notable work, was begun in the summer of 1826, finished the following summer, and published ten years later. Her other principal work is in prose, Joanna of Naples, an Historical Tale, published in 1838. Hannah, the Mother of Samuel the Prophet and Judge of Israel (1839) was, like Miriam, a verse play. She and her father moved to Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1831, and they lived together until October 1840, when she married the Rev. E. B. Hall, of Providence, Rhode Island.

John Park (educator)
John Park (1775–1852) was an educator and newspaperman in Boston, Massachusetts, in the 19th century. He established The Repertory newspaper. In 1811 he founded the Boston Lyceum for the Education of Young Ladies located on Mount Vernon Street in Beacon Hill, and attended by Margaret Fuller and Frances Sargent Osgood. As of 1816 the school had a library of 3,000 volumes, as well as "a complete planetarium, a camera lucida, and microscope." Park was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1831.  The society holds a nearly complete run of original copies of The Repertory, as well as the related titles that proceed and follow it in its collections. Park's daughter, Louisa Jane Hall, was a writer and literary critic.
The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel
The Desert Fox (released in the United Kingdom as Rommel—Desert Fox) is a 1951 American Twentieth Century-Fox biographical war film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring James Mason in the title role of German field marshal Erwin Rommel in World War II. The script is based on the book Rommel: The Desert Fox by brigadier Desmond Young, who served in the British Indian Army in North Africa.

The film played a significant role in the creation of the Rommel myth, which held that Rommel was an apolitical, brilliant commander, opposed Nazi policies and was a victim of the Third Reich because of his participation in the conspiracy to remove Adolf Hitler from power in 1944.

The black-and-white format facilitated the use of large sections of actual documentary footage from World War II throughout the film. Finnish president and field marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim's personal Mercedes-Benz 770, a gift received from Hitler, was used as a prop car during the film's shooting.

Rommel: The Desert Fox
Rommel: The Desert Fox is a 1950 biography of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel by Desmond Young. The book was the first biography of Rommel and enjoyed immense popularity, especially in Britain. The book led the Western Allies, particularly the British, to depict Rommel as the "good German" and "our friend Rommel", contributing to the formation of the Rommel myth.
Mars cycler
A Mars cycler (or Earth–Mars cycler) is a kind of cycler, a spacecraft with a trajectory that encounters Earth and Mars regularly. The Aldrin cycler is an example of a Mars cycler.

Cyclers are potentially useful for transporting people or materials between those bodies using minimal propellant (relying on gravity-assist flybys for most trajectory changes) and can carry heavy radiation shielding to protect people in transit from cosmic rays and solar storms.

Lunar cycler
A lunar cycler or Earth–Moon cycler is a cycler orbit, or spacecraft therein, which periodically passes close by the Earth and the Moon, using gravity assists and occasional propellant-powered corrections to maintain its trajectories between the two. If the fuel required to reach a particular cycler orbit from both the Earth and the Moon is modest, and the travel time between the two along the cycler is reasonable, then having a spacecraft in the cycler can provide an efficient and regular method for space transportation.
Battle of Ambon
The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on Ambon Island in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), as part of the Japanese offensive on the Dutch colony during World War II. In the face of a combined defense by Dutch and Australian troops, Japanese forces conquered the island and its strategic airfield in several days. In the aftermath of the fighting, a major massacre of many Dutch and Australian prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) followed. Following the war, many of the IJA personnel were tried for war crimes.

2/21st Battalion (Australia)
The 2/21st Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Raised for service during Second World War as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force, it was formed on 11 July 1940 at Trawool in central Victoria as part of the 23rd Brigade of the 8th Division. It was subsequently deployed to Ambon as part of Gull Force in December 1941 following the Japanese invasion of Malaya; however, with the defence of the island considered untenable due to the limited military resources available and overwhelming Japanese strength it was subsequently captured despite determined resistance, surrendering on 3 February 1942. Most members of the battalion became prisoners of war, and a large number died in captivity.
Maithai Huajaisin
Maithai Huajaisin (Thai: ไหมไทย หัวใจศิลป์) (8 January 1968 —), is a Thai singer from Isan area. He is popular in the genre Mor lam sing and as the last member of Sieng Isan band, having released 35 original albums and 122 singles as well as many compilations. He has alias Phra Ek Yai (English: Big Main Male Actor) or Maycheal Jackson (ไหมเคิล แจ็คสัน) or Michael Jackson of Isan.

Saeng-arun Bunyu
Saeng-arun Bunyu (Thai: แสงอรุณ บุญยู้) is a Thai female singer from Isan area. She was one of the popular and prolific  artists in the Mor lam (Thai country) and Luk thung (Thai pop-country) genres between 1994 and 2009. She was a member of Mor lam band Sieng Isan (เสียงอีสาน).
Helio (Cambridge Glass)
Helio (Cambridge Glass) is a type of glassware produced by Cambridge Glass, beginning in 1923.  The color of Helio has been described as part of the purple family and has been compared to the color lavender.  It also falls into the category of opaque glass, but the color changes depend on the light source.  The variation of purple differs between pieces, but the color is consistent within the piece itself.

It is believed that Helio was only produced for a short time because it is not mentioned in trade journals after 1924.

Cambridge Glass
Cambridge Glass was a manufacturer of glassware formed in 1873 in Cambridge, Ohio. The company produced a range of coloured glassware in the 1920s, initially with opaque shades, but moving on to transparent shades by the end of the decade. Unable to compete with mass-produced glassware, the company closed briefly in 1954, but was reopened in 1955. However, financial difficulties persisted, and, after several ownership changes, the factory closed for good in 1958. Imperial Glass Company purchased the Cambridge Glass molds two years later, and would use them for another three decades until that company went bankrupt in 1984.
Dichostereum
Dichostereum is a genus of corticioid fungi in the Peniophoraceae family. Based on 2025 data, the genus contains 14 species that have a widespread distribution.

The name was coined with the use of the ancient Greek words  δῐ́χᾰ (dĭ́khă, “in two”) + στερεόν (stereón) <στερεός (stereós, “firm; rigid; solid”).

Peniophoraceae
The Peniophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. Species of this family have a cosmopolitan distribution and are mostly saprobic, causing rots of standing and fallen wood. According to 2025 data the family contains 16 genera and 416 species.
1887 FA Cup final
The 1887 FA Cup final was a football match between Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at the Kennington Oval. It was the final of the sixteenth staging of the FA Cup which saw 124 teams compete for the final. The final was won by Aston Villa with goals coming from Archie Hunter and Dennis Hodgetts to give Aston Villa a 2–0 victory.
This is Aston Villa’s first of 7 FA cups.

Aston Villa F.C.–West Bromwich Albion F.C. rivalry
Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion are two English football clubs from the West Midlands who share a local rivalry. The matches between them are known as West Midlands derbies, though this term may also be used for a number of other rivalries within the region.

Their stadiums, Villa Park and The Hawthorns respectively, are four miles away from each other.  Both clubs have bigger rivals—Birmingham City for the former in the Second City derby, and Wolverhampton Wanderers for the latter in the Black Country derby. A 2010 article in The Daily Telegraph ranked the rivalry between Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion as the third most fierce in the region, behind the two aforementioned derbies.
Circumstantial evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly, i.e. without need for any additional evidence or inference.

Direct evidence
In law, a body of facts that directly supports the truth of an assertion without intervening inference. It is often exemplified by eyewitness testimony, which consists of a witness's description of their reputed direct sensory experience of an alleged act without the presentation of additional facts. By contrast, circumstantial evidence can help prove via inference whether an assertion is true, such as forensics presented by an expert witness.

In a criminal case, an eyewitness provides direct evidence of the actus reus if they testify that they witnessed the actual performance of the criminal event under question. Other testimony, such as the witness description of a chase leading up to an act of violence or a so-called smoking gun is considered circumstantial.
Groupie Doll Stakes top three finishers
This is a listing of the horses that finished in either first, second, or third place and the number of starters in the Groupie Doll Stakes, an American Listed race for three-year-olds and up fillies and mares. It has been run at 1 mile beginning in 2005 on synthetic surface held at Ellis Park in Henderson, Kentucky.  (List 1982–present)

Groupie Doll Stakes
The Groupie Doll Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in early August at Ellis Park Race Course in Henderson, Kentucky. The event is open to three-year-olds & up fillies and mares. It is run at one mile (8 furlongs) on a conventional dirt surface. The race itself was initially named for the flower used in the winner's garland.
5th Guards Army
The 5th Guards Army was a Soviet Guards formation which fought in many critical actions during World War II under the command of General Aleksey Semenovich Zhadov. The 5th Guards Army was formed in spring 1943 from the 66th Army in recognition of that army's actions during the Battle of Stalingrad. The 5th Guards Army fought in the Battle of Kursk, Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation, Battle of the Dnieper, Uman–Botoșani Offensive, Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive, Vistula–Oder Offensive, Berlin Offensive, and the Prague Offensive. During the Berlin Offensive elements of the army linked up with American troops at Torgau on the Elbe. Postwar, the army was disbanded as part of the Central Group of Forces.

32nd Guards Tank Division
The 32nd Guards Tank Division was a tank formation of the Soviet Army/Soviet Ground Forces. Its predecessor, the 9th Guards Airborne Division, was a Red Army Airborne division of World War II. On 19 June 1945, it became the 116th Guards Rifle Division. In 1946, it became the 14th Guards Mechanized Division. In 1957, it became the 14th Guards Motorized Rifle Division. In 1982, it became the 32nd Guards Tank Division, which was disbanded in June 1989.