hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kenneth Arrow
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist, mathematician and political theorist. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 1957, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972, along with John Hicks.

In economics, Arrow was a major figure in postwar neoclassical economic theory. Four of his students (Roger Myerson, Eric Maskin, John Harsanyi, and Michael Spence) went on to become Nobel laureates themselves. His contributions to social choice theory, notably his "impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis are significant. His work in many other areas of economics, including endogenous growth theory and the economics of information, was also foundational.

Endogenous growth theory
Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces. Endogenous growth theory holds that investment in human capital, innovation, and knowledge are significant contributors to economic growth. The theory also focuses on positive externalities and spillover effects of a knowledge-based economy which will lead to economic development. The endogenous growth theory primarily holds that the long run growth rate of an economy depends on policy measures. For example, subsidies for research and development or education increase the growth rate in some endogenous growth models by increasing the incentive for innovation.
Breather surface
In differential geometry, a breather surface is a one-parameter family of mathematical surfaces which correspond to breather solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, a differential equation appearing in theoretical physics. The surfaces have the remarkable property that they have constant curvature , where the curvature is well-defined. This makes them examples of generalized pseudospheres.

Dini's surface
In geometry, Dini's surface is a surface with constant negative curvature that can be created by twisting a pseudosphere. It is named after Ulisse Dini and described by the following parametric equations:

Another description is a generalized helicoid constructed from the tractrix.
New Life Movement
The New Life Movement (Chinese: 新生活運動; Wade–Giles: Hsin1 Shêng1huo2 Yün4tung5) was a government-led civic campaign in the 1930s Republic of China to promote cultural reform and Neo-Confucian social morality and to ultimately unite China under a centralised ideology following the emergence of ideological challenges to the status quo. Chiang Kai-shek as head of the government and the Chinese Nationalist Party launched the initiative on 19 February 1934 as part of an anti-communist campaign, and soon enlarged the campaign to target the whole nation.

Chiang and his wife, Soong Mei-ling, who played a major role in the campaign, advocated a life guided by four virtues, lǐ (禮/礼, proper rite), yì (義/义, righteousness or justice), lián (廉, honesty and cleanness) and chǐ (恥/耻, shame; sense of right and wrong). The campaign proceeded with help of the Blue Shirts Society and the CC Clique within the Nationalist Party, and Christian missionaries in China.

Soong Mei-ling
Soong Mei-ling  (also spelled Soong May-ling; March 4, 1898 – October 23, 2003), also known as  Madame Chiang (Chinese: 蔣夫人), was a Chinese politician and socialite. The youngest of the Soong sisters, she married Chiang Kai-shek and played a prominent role in Chinese politics and foreign relations in the first half of the 20th century.
Keith Daniel Williams
Keith Daniel Williams (June 6, 1947 – May 3, 1996) was an American triple murderer who was executed by the state of California for the October 1978 murders of three people in Merced, California. He was convicted and sentenced to death in 1979 and was subsequently executed in 1996 at San Quentin State Prison by lethal injection.

San Quentin Rehabilitation Center
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.

Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, was located at the prison. Its gas chamber has not been used since 1993, and its lethal injection chamber was last used in 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates.
Krafton
Krafton Inc. (Korean: 주식회사 컴퍼니 크래프톤) is a South Korean video game publisher and holding company based in Bundang District, Seongnam. It was created in November 2018 to serve as the parent company for Bluehole, founded by Chang Byung-gyu in Seoul in March 2007, and its subsidiaries. The company has published several notable video game titles including TERA, PUBG: Battlegrounds, New State Mobile, The Callisto Protocol, and InZOI.

InZOI
InZOI (stylized as inZOI) is a life simulation game developed by inZOI Studio and published by Krafton. The game was released in early access for Windows on 28 March 2025. On June 9, 2025, during Apple's WWDC 2025, Craig Federighi announced that the game will be released on macOS, with a PS5 release coming in early 2026.
Turn On the Bright Lights
Turn On the Bright Lights is the debut studio album by American rock band Interpol. It was released in the United Kingdom on August 19, 2002, and in the United States the following day, through independent record label Matador Records. The album was recorded in November 2001 at Tarquin Studios in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and was co-produced, mixed and engineered by Peter Katis and Gareth Jones. The title derives from a recurring lyric in the song "NYC".

Upon release, the record peaked at No. 101 on the UK Albums Chart. It reached No. 158 on the Billboard 200 in the United States, as well as spending 73 weeks on the Billboard Independent Albums chart, peaking at No. 5. The songs "PDA", "Obstacle 1" and the double A-side single "Say Hello to the Angels" / "NYC" were released as singles, with music videos being shot for all except "Say Hello to the Angels".

Peter Katis
Peter Katis is a Grammy Award-winning record producer, audio engineer, mixer, and musician.

He is noted for his long-standing collaborations with The National, Interpol, Frightened Rabbit, Jónsi of Sigur Rós, Guster, Trey Anastasio, Tokyo Police Club, We Were Promised Jetpacks, Bloc Party, and The Head and the Heart. In recent years, he has also worked with Hozier, Moby, Death Cab for Cutie, Gang of Youths, Kurt Vile, Stars, Middle Kids, The Paper Kites, and PUP. (See Discography).

Katis works primarily out of his residential studio, Tarquin Studios, in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Upper Macedonia
Upper Macedonia (Greek: Ἄνω Μακεδονία, Ánō Makedonía) or Upper Macedon is a geographical and tribal term to describe the upper/western of the two parts in which, together with Lower Macedonia, the ancient  kingdom of Macedon was roughly divided.

Upper Macedonia consisted geographically of Pelagonia, Derriopos, Eordaea, Orestis, Elimiotis and Lynkestis. These regions had their own rulers and were subjects or allies of the Macedonian kingdom, except for Eordaea that was fully incorporated into Macedon in an early period. According to N. G. L. Hammond, in the region of Upper Macedonia, the tribes of Pelagones in the region of Prilep, Lyncestae in the region of Florina, Orestae in the region of Kastoria and Elimiotae in the region of Kozani were all Epirotic tribes and they talked the Northwest Greek dialect. The whole Upper Macedonia was fully annexed to the Macedonian state by Philip II.

Lower Macedonia
Lower Macedonia (Greek: Κάτω Μακεδονία, Kato Makedonia) or Lower Macedon or Macedonia proper or Emathia is a geographical term used in Antiquity referring to the coastal plain watered by the rivers Haliacmon, Axius and Loudias, stretching along the coast of the Thermaic Gulf, which was the core and defined the center of the Argead kingdom of Macedon. Its districts were: Emathia, Pieria, Bottiaea, Almopia, Amphaxitis. Aigai (near modern Vergina), the original capital of Macedon, and Pella, the birthplace of Alexander the Great and the new capital of the kingdom since the 4th century BC, were in Lower Macedonia, in modern Central Macedonia, in Greece.
Walter McLean (United States Navy officer)
Rear Admiral Walter L. McLean (1855 – March 21, 1930) was the American commander of the Norfolk Naval Shipyard from November 25, 1915, until February 4, 1918. Under his command, the Shipyard was the holding area for various German vessels which had put into port during World War I, and stayed in a somewhat limbo status—the United States had not entered the war and so could not commandeer the ships, but then neither could the ships be allowed to depart and resume attacks on Allied shipping. The course of action was therefore to keep the foreign ships and their crews as "guests" of the United States for years.

Norfolk Naval Shipyard
The Norfolk Naval Shipyard, often called the Norfolk Navy Yard and abbreviated as NNSY, is a U.S. Navy facility in Portsmouth, Virginia. It was created for building, remodeling and repairing the United States Navy's ships. It is the oldest and largest industrial facility that belongs to the U.S. Navy as well as the most comprehensive. Located on the Elizabeth River, the yard is just a short distance upriver from its mouth at Hampton Roads.

It was established as Gosport Shipyard in 1767. Though it was destroyed during the American Revolutionary War, it was rebuilt and became home to the first operational drydock in the United States in the 1830s. Changing hands during the American Civil War, it served the Confederate States Navy until it was again destroyed in 1862, when it was given its current name. The shipyard was again rebuilt, and has continued to operate through the present day.
DR-2 (Dominican Republic highway)
DR-2 is the second numbered national highway in the Dominican Republic. Its common name is Carretera Sánchez in honor of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, one of the founding fathers. In the city of Santo Domingo, it is known as Autopista 30 de Mayo. The highway serves as the main connection to the southwestern region of the country. The highway's eastern terminus is located in Santo Domingo and continues on a western route through until its end in Comendador for a total length of approximately 255 kilometers. The route is mainly a two-lane roadway even though it has been recently expanded from San Cristobal to Baní and has been largely replaced by the faster DR-6 route from Santo Domingo to San Cristobal. Due to its locality and heavy traffic DR-2 has been undergoing an expansion project to make it a two-lane expressway and allow better traffic flow. DR-2 has one toll location just outside the boundaries of Greater Santo Domingo before entering the town of Haina.

San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic
San Cristóbal is a city in the southern region of Dominican Republic. It is the municipal (municipio) capital of the San Cristóbal province. The municipality is located in a valley at the foothills of the mountains belonging to the Cordillera Central, between the Nigua and Nizao rivers. Within this municipality there is one municipal district (distrito municipal): Hato Damas.

San Cristóbal was founded in the late 16th century. The Constitution of the Dominican Republic was signed in San Cristóbal in 1844. The city is also notable for being the birthplace of Rafael Trujillo, dictator from 1930 to 1961, who was killed by anti-dictatorial Dominicans on his way to San Cristóbal in 1961 as part of a successful plot to end his 30-year authoritarian regime.
David Kajganich
David Kajganich (born November 15, 1969) is an American screenwriter and film producer. He has written several works in the horror genre, including the network series The Terror (2018) and the film Bones and All (2022). He has collaborated on three films with the Italian director Luca Guadagnino, A Bigger Splash (2015) and the horror films Suspiria (2018) and Bones and All (2022).

A Bigger Splash (2015 film)
A Bigger Splash is a 2015 psychological drama film directed by Luca Guadagnino and with a screenplay by David Kajganich from a story by Alain Page. Starring Tilda Swinton, Matthias Schoenaerts, Ralph Fiennes, and Dakota Johnson, the film is loosely based on Jacques Deray's 1969 film La Piscine (The Swimming Pool) and named after the 1967 David Hockney painting.

The second installment in Guadagnino's self-described Desire trilogy, following I Am Love (2009) and preceding Call Me by Your Name (2017), the film competed for the Golden Lion at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival.
Sanjeev Bhaskar
Sanjeev Bhaskar OBE (born 31 October 1963) is a British actor, comedian, and television presenter. He is best known for his work in the BBC Radio 4 and BBC Two sketch comedy series Goodness Gracious Me and as the star of the sitcom The Kumars at No. 42. He also presented and starred in a documentary series called India with Sanjeev Bhaskar, in which he travelled to India and visited his ancestral home in today's Pakistan. Bhaskar's more dramatic acting roles include the lead role of Dr Prem Sharma in The Indian Doctor and a main role as DI Sunny Khan in Unforgotten. Bhaskar became chancellor of the University of Sussex in 2009. In 2006, Bhaskar was appointed an OBE.

Meera Syal
Dame Meera Syal (born Feroza Syal; 27 June 1961) is an English comedian, writer, playwright, singer, journalist and actress. She rose to prominence as one of the team that created Goodness Gracious Me and by portraying Sanjeev's grandmother, Ummi, in The Kumars at No. 42. She has become one of the UK's best-known Asian personalities.

In 2003 she was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy.

In 2023, she was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship.
Bernhard Henrich
Bernhard Henrich (born 1952) is a German set decorator. He was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards in the category Best Production Design for his work on the film Bridge of Spies. His nomination was shared with Adam Stockhausen and Rena DeAngelo.

Rena DeAngelo
Rena DeAngelo is an American set decorator. She was nominated at the 88th Academy Awards in the category Best Production Design for her work on the film Bridge of Spies. Her nomination was shared with Adam Stockhausen and Bernhard Henrich. DeAngelo also won an Primetime Emmy Award for the television series Mad Men in the category of Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series.

Raised in Nutley, New Jersey, DeAngelo graduated from Nutley High School in 1984.
Gunnam Gangaraju
Gunnam Gangaraju is an Indian producer, screenwriter, and director known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu television. He is best known as the creator and co-producer of the TV sitcom Amrutham (2001–2007), widely considered to be the greatest Telugu comedy TV series of all time.

He received a National Film Award for the film Aithe (2003) he produced. He also won five state Nandi Awards. His other notable works include Little Soldiers (1996), Anukokunda Oka Roju (2005), and Amma Cheppindi (2006). Along with his friend Venkat Dega, he founded the company Just Yellow, which started off as an IT services firm and later ventured into TV and film production.

Little Soldiers
Little Soldiers  is a 1996 Telugu-language children's film written, directed, and produced by Gunnam Gangaraju. The film stars Kavya, Baladitya, Kota Srinivasa Rao, and Brahmanandam, with a soundtrack composed by Sri.

Upon release, the film and the soundtrack received positive reviews. It has garnered six state Nandi Awards including the Nandi Award for Best Feature Film (silver), in addition to the National Film Award for Best Child Artist (Kavya). The film was screened at the International Film Festival of India. The film has also been dubbed in Tamil as Kutti Sippaigal.
Zach McGowan
Zach McGowan is an American film, television and voice actor. He is known for his roles in television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as Anton Ivanov / The Superior, Shameless,
Black Sails, and The 100. Other highlights include parts in the films Terminator Salvation, The Hunt for Eagle One, the sequel The Hunt for Eagle One: Crash Point and The Scorpion King: Book of Souls. He guest-starred in the television series Numbers, CSI: Miami, and Cold Case, with voice-over work for the Scream Awards, Animal Planet and the video games Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, Resident Evil 6, and Iron Man.

Shameless (American TV series)
Shameless is an American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells that aired on Showtime from January 9, 2011, to April 11, 2021. It is an adaptation of Paul Abbott's British series of the same name and features an ensemble cast led by William H. Macy. The series is set in the South Side of Chicago, Illinois.

With the premiere of the ninth season on September 9, 2018, Shameless became the longest-running scripted original series in Showtime's history. In January 2020, the series was renewed for its eleventh and final season, which was scheduled to premiere in mid-2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic; it instead premiered on December 6, 2020. On December 14, 2020, Showtime announced that they were airing a clip show series during Season 11, titled Shameless: Hall of Shame, containing new scenes juxtaposed with clips from the show to summarize the characters' journeys during the prior 10 seasons. The series finale aired on April 11, 2021.
Mycena lazulina
Mycena lazulina is a bioluminescent species of mushroom in the genus Mycena and family Mycenaceae.

It was first described in 2016 from southwestern Japan. The specific epithet, lazulina, is Latin for blue (cf. lapis lazuli).

Mycena
Mycena is a genus of about 500 species of fungi.

Rarely more than a few centimeters in width, the mushrooms are characterized by a small conical or bell-shaped cap and a thin fragile stem. Most are grey or brown, but a few species have brighter colours. Most have a translucent and striate cap, which rarely has an incurved margin. The gills are attached and usually have cystidia. Some species, like M. haematopus, exude a latex when the stem is broken, and many species have a chlorine or radish-like odour. They produce a white spore print.

The species are saprotrophic. Their edibility varies, with some members containing toxins.
Dave Doogan
David Michael Doogan (born 4 March 1973) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Angus and Perthshire Glens, previously Angus, since 2019. Doogan was the SNP's Energy Security and Net Zero Spokesperson between September 2023 to July 2024.

Angus and Perthshire Glens
Angus and Perthshire Glens is a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom used since the 2024 general election. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Since 2024, the seat has been held by Dave Doogan of the Scottish National Party, who was MP for the predecessor seat of Angus from 2019 to 2024.
HNoMS Trygg (1919)
HNoMS Trygg (trygg is Norwegian for safe, secure, dependable) was a torpedo boat of the Royal Norwegian Navy. Her hull was built in Moss and she was finished in Horten, with build number 109. Trygg had two sister ships: HNoMS Snøgg and HNoMS Stegg. Together the three vessels formed the Trygg class of torpedo boats.

HNoMS Stegg (1921)
The last of the Trygg class of Royal Norwegian Navy torpedo boats was HNoMS Stegg. Her sister ships were Trygg and Snøgg. The Trygg class vessels were the only additions to the Norwegian fleet of torpedo boats between the First and the Second World Wars. At the outbreak of the Second World War the Trygg class was mobilised together with eight 2. class and six 1. class torpedo boats.

Stegg was constructed at Horten naval shipyard and had yard number 111. She was named after the Stegg, the Norwegian term for the male grouse.
Live Frogs Set 1
Live Frogs Set 1 is a live album by Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade, released by Prawn Song Records on 10 April 2001.  It is composed of songs recorded during the 8–9 October 2000 shows the Frog Brigade played at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco, the second part released as Live Frogs Set 2.  It is primarily composed of originals by the various side projects of Claypool and his fellow band members but also includes two cover songs.

The band features Les Claypool, original Primus (and later, Sausage) members Todd Huth and Jay Lane, Jeff Chimenti on keyboards, Eenor on guitar, and saxophonist Skerik.  The seven song set features covers of King Crimson's "Thela Hun Ginjeet" and Pink Floyd's "Shine On You Crazy Diamond".

The album was the Best Live Album award at the Second Annual Jammy Awards show in 2001.

Thela Hun Ginjeet
"Thela Hun Ginjeet" is a single by the band King Crimson, released in 1981 and on the album Discipline (1981). The song name is an anagram of "heat in the jungle", itself a euphemism for city-based crime. (The term "heat" is American slang for firearms or for police.)

While "Thela Hun Ginjeet" is in 44 time, Robert Fripp's electric guitar plays in 78 time during much of the song, creating a polymetric effect. The middle section of the song features a recording of Adrian Belew's voice, which was covertly recorded at Fripp's direction. An agitated Belew related a story about how he was wandering around the Notting Hill Gate neighborhood of London where Discipline was recorded at Island Studios, while carrying a portable tape recorder and hoping to find inspiration for lyrics. Instead, he was confronted by a street gang who found his actions suspicious, and subsequently questioned by the police who thought he was possibly a drug dealer.
Jennifer Manlove
Jennifer Manlove is an American sociological research scientist. She is a senior research scientist and co-director of the Reproductive Health and Family Formation program for the research institute Child Trends.

Child Trends
Child Trends is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, research center based in Bethesda, Maryland, which conducts research on children, children's families, child well-being, and factors affecting children's lives.
Isobel Lennart
Isobel Lennart (May 18, 1915 – January 25, 1971) was an American screenwriter and playwright. She is best known for writing the book for the Broadway musical Funny Girl which premiered in 1964, although she also wrote scripts for successful Hollywood films featuring major stars, some of which received Oscar nominations.

Funny Girl (musical)
Funny Girl is a musical with score by Jule Styne, lyrics by Bob Merrill, and book by Isobel Lennart, that first opened on Broadway in 1964. The semi-biographical plot is based on the life and career of comedian and Broadway star Fanny Brice, featuring her stormy relationship with entrepreneur and gambler Nicky Arnstein.

Barbra Streisand starred in the original Broadway musical, produced by Brice's son-in-law Ray Stark. The production received eight nominations at the 18th Tony Awards. The original cast recording of Funny Girl was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2004.

A Broadway revival opened April 24, 2022, starring Beanie Feldstein as Brice and Ramin Karimloo as Arnstein. Lea Michele stepped into the lead role that September, with rave reviews prompting a new Broadway cast recording two months later.