hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Genoise
A génoise (US: /ʒeɪˈnwɑːz, ʒəˈ-/, UK: /dʒeɪˈ-, dʒɛˈ-/, French: [ʒenwaz]; usually spelled genoise in English), also known as Genoese cake or Genovese cake, is a French sponge cake named after the city of Genoa and associated with French cuisine.  Instead of using chemical leavening, air is suspended in the batter during mixing to provide volume.

Genoise should not be confused with pain de Gênes (lit. 'Genoa bread'), which is made from almond paste, but it is similar to pan di Spagna (lit. 'Spanish bread').

It is a whole-egg cake, unlike some other sponge cakes for which yolks and whites are beaten separately, such as Pão de Ló. The eggs, and sometimes extra yolks, are beaten with sugar and heated at the same time, using a bain-marie or flame, to a stage known to patissiers as the "ribbon stage". A genoise is generally a fairly lean cake, getting most of its fat from egg yolks, but some recipes also add in melted butter before baking.

Pain de Gênes
Pain de Gênes (lit. 'bread of Genoa') is a cake made largely from almond paste, eggs and melted butter, but only a minimal amount of flour. Another unusual aspect is that no raising agent is used, instead the rise is achieved by whisking the butter and eggs. It is said to have been invented to commemorate the 1800 siege of French forces at Genoa, when the city's inhabitants survived largely on almonds. However, despite this it is not actually of Italian origin but French, and was invented in the 1840s by Parisian pastry chef Fauvel, who worked at the Chiboust pastry shop. Fauvel initially called it gateau d'ambroise (lit. 'ambrosia cake').
Magnolia Grove (Greensboro, Alabama)
Magnolia Grove is a historic Greek Revival mansion in Greensboro, Alabama, United States.  The house was named for the 15-acre (6.1 ha) grove of Southern magnolias in which it stands.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1973, due to its architectural and historical significance.  It now serves as a historic house museum and is operated by the Alabama Historical Commission.

Greensboro, Alabama
Greensboro is a city in Hale County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2020 census, Greensboro had a population of 2,218. The city is the county seat of Hale County, Alabama, which was not organized until 1867. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama metropolitan area.
Tonalamatl
The tonalamatl [toːnaˈlaːmatɬ] is a divinatory almanac used in central Mexico in the decades, and perhaps centuries, leading up to the Spanish conquest.  The word itself is Nahuatl in origin, meaning "pages of days".

The tonalamatl was structured around the sacred 260-day year, the tonalpohualli.  This 260-day year consisted of 20 trecena of 13 days each.  Each page of a tonalamatl represented one trecena, and was adorned with a painting of that trecena's reigning deity and decorated with the 13 day-signs and 13 other glyphs.  These day-signs and glyphs were used to cast horoscopes and discern the future.

The best surviving examples of tonalamatl are the Codex Borbonicus and the Codex Borgia.

Codex Borbonicus
The Codex Borbonicus is an Aztec codex written by Aztec priests shortly before or after the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. It is named after the Palais Bourbon in France and kept at the Bibliothèque de l'Assemblée Nationale in Paris. The codex is an outstanding example of how Aztec manuscript painting is crucial for the understanding of Mexica calendric constructions, deities, and ritual actions.
Celebrity
Celebrity is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group due to the attention given to them by mass media. The word is also used to refer to famous individuals. A person may attain celebrity status by having great wealth, participation in sports or the entertainment industry, their position as a political figure, or even their connection to another celebrity. 'Celebrity' usually implies a favorable public image, as opposed to the neutrals 'famous' or 'notable', or the negatives 'infamous' and 'notorious'.

Famous for being famous
Famous for being famous is a paradoxical term, often used pejoratively, for someone who attains celebrity status for no clearly identifiable reason—as opposed to fame based on achievement, skill, or talent.
Solar cycle 24
Solar cycle 24 is the most recently completed solar cycle, the 24th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. It began in December 2008 with a minimum smoothed sunspot number of 2.2, and ended in December 2019. Activity was minimal until early 2010. It reached its maximum in April 2014 with a 23 months smoothed sunspot number of 81.8. This maximum value was substantially lower than other recent solar cycles, down to a level which had not been seen since cycles 12 to 15 (1878-1923).

Solar cycle 25
Solar cycle 25 is the current solar cycle, the 25th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. It began in December 2019 with a minimum smoothed sunspot number of 1.8. It is expected to continue until about 2030. While it was initially predicted by most scientists that cycle 25 would be relatively weak, solar activity has been much stronger than the predictions.
Sunday shopping
Sunday shopping or Sunday trading refers to the ability of retailers to operate stores on Sunday, a day that Christian tradition typically recognises as a day of rest, though the rationale for Sunday trade bans often includes secular reasoning. Rules governing shopping hours, such as Sunday shopping, vary around the world but many countries and subnational jurisdictions continue to ban or restrict Sunday shopping. In the United States, rules are enshrined within blue laws.

Sunday Trading Act 1994
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 (c. 20) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom governing the right of shops in England and Wales to trade on a Sunday. Buying and selling on Sunday had previously been illegal, with exceptions, under the Shops Act 1950.
Witham (UK Parliament constituency)
Witham is a parliamentary constituency in Essex represented by Dame Priti Patel in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its 2010 creation. She is a Conservative who was Home Secretary from 24 July 2019 until her resignation on 5 September 2022 following the announcement of the results of the Conservative Party leadership contest.

Braintree (UK Parliament constituency)
Braintree is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by James Cleverly, a member of the Conservative Party.

Cleverly, a former chairman of the Conservative Party, is currently serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government having previously held several ministerial roles including home secretary, foreign secretary and secretary of state for education.
Broager
Broager (Danish pronunciation: [ˈpʁoˌɛˀjɐ]; German: Broacker, South Jutlandic: Braue) is a town with a population of 3,227 (1 January 2025) in Sønderborg Municipality in Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark. It lies on the Broager Peninsula and is therefore surrounded by water on three sides, the waters of Flensborg Fjord leading into the Baltic Sea. The town of Broager lies in the middle of the peninsula by a major road, which leads to the Egernsund Bridge, which crosses over the Egern Strait to the Jutland mainland. The town's two-towered church is its most important landmark.

The town was part of Broager Municipality until 2007 when it became part of the larger Sønderborg Municipality.

Broager Peninsula
54°52′53″N 9°41′18″E﻿ / ﻿54.88139°N 9.68833°E﻿ / 54.88139; 9.68833

Broager Peninsula (Danish: Broagerland) is a peninsula and cultural region in southern Denmark. The peninsula consists entirely of the former Broager Municipality. The peninsula has an area of 43,38 km² and a population of 6,203.
The namesake, and largest town of the peninsula is Broager.
Shane Lowry
Shane Lowry (born 2 April 1987) is an Irish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour and the PGA Tour. His notable victories include the Irish Open in 2009 as an amateur and the 2019 Open Championship.

Lowry played for the Irish teams which won the European Amateur Team Championship in both 2007 and 2008. He has represented Europe at the Ryder Cup in 2021, 2023 and 2025; Lowry holed the decisive putt at the latter event.

Patrick Cantlay
Patrick Stephen Cantlay (born March 17, 1992) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour, where he has won eight tournaments.

Cantlay had a successful amateur career and was number one in the World Amateur Golf Ranking for 55 weeks. He shot a round of 60 on the PGA Tour while still a collegiate golfer at UCLA, and received low amateur honors at both the 2011 U.S. Open and 2012 Masters Tournament. Cantlay turned professional in 2012 and won on the Web.com Tour in 2013, securing promotion to the PGA Tour. He struggled in the following years with a career-threatening back injury. Cantlay returned in 2017 and won his first title on the PGA Tour later that year. He reached the top ten of the Official World Golf Ranking for the first time in 2019, and was named the PGA Tour Player of the Year after winning the FedEx Cup in 2021.
Central African Armed Forces
The Central African Armed Forces (French: Forces armées centrafricaines; FACA) are the armed forces of the Central African Republic and have been barely functional since the outbreak of the civil war in 2012. Today they are among the world's weakest armed forces, dependent on international support to provide security in the country. In recent years the government has struggled to form a unified national army. It consists of the Ground Force (which includes the air service), the gendarmerie, and the National Police.

Its disloyalty to the president came to the fore during the mutinies in 1996–1997, and since then has faced internal problems. It has been strongly criticised by human rights organisations due to terrorism, including killings, torture and sexual violence. In 2013 when militants of the Séléka rebel coalition seized power and overthrew President Bozizé they executed many FACA troops.

2001 Central African Republic coup attempt
On the night of 27–28 May 2001 a coup attempt was carried out by commandos of the Central African Armed Forces who attempted to overthrow incumbent president Ange-Félix Patassé. The coup attempt failed, but violence continued in the capital Bangui over the following days. It exacerbated mounting ethnic and political tensions in the Central African Republic.
Lyse Abbey
Lyse Abbey or Saint Mary's Abbey, Lyse (Norwegian: Lyse kloster, Lyse Mariakloster)  is a now-ruined Cistercian monastery in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county in south-western Norway.  The name "Lyse" is derived from  Lysefjorden  near which the building stood.  The abbey lies at the southern base of the Lyshornet mountain.

Lyshornet
Lyshornet is a mountain in Bjørnafjorden Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 405-metre (1,329 ft) tall mountain lies about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) north of the village of Søvik and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the village of Syfteland. The Lyse Abbey lies at the southern base of the mountain.
Rein da Tuma
The Rein da Tuma is a river in Switzerland, in the Canton of Graubünden.  It rises east of the Rossbodenstock with two or three mountain streams, that flow across the Tuma Alp into the Lake Toma (German: Tomasee, Romansh: Lai da Tuma).  Before reaching the lake, it flows through a plain and forms small meanders.  The Rein da Tuma flows out of Lake Toma on the north east and flows as Anterior Rhine past the village of Tschamut in the municipality of Tujetsch.

Rossbodenstock
Rossbodenstock is a mountain peak of the Saint-Gotthard Massif and part of the Lepontine Alps south of the Oberalp Pass. It is 2,836 metres (9,304 ft) high; its peak is located on the border between the cantons of Uri and Graubünden, which follows the ridge from north to south.

The source of the Rein da Tuma, the source of the Rhine is on the eastern flank of the mountain.
Leopold Ignaz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein
Leopold Ignaz Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein (16 August 1660 – 13 July 1708), was a German prince member of the House of Dietrichstein, 4th Prince (Fürst) of Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, Princely Count (gefürsteter Graf) of Tarasp, Baron (Freiherr) of Hollenburg, Finkenstein and Thalberg.

He was the third child and second (but eldest surviving) son of Ferdinand Joseph, 3rd Prince of Dietrichstein, and Princess Marie Elisabeth of Eggenberg (1640-1715), the daughter of Johann Anton I, Prince of Eggenberg, Duke of Krumlov and Princely Count (gefürsteter Graf) of Gradisca d'Isonzo.

Dietrichstein family
The House of Dietrichstein was one of the oldest and most prominent Austrian noble families originating in the Duchy of Carinthia. The family belonged to the high nobility (German: Hochadel). The Nikolsburg branch was elevated to the rank of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1624, while a member of the Hollenburg branch was elevated to the same dignity in 1684. The family held two territories with imperial immediacy – the Principality of Dietrichstein, along with castles in Carinthia and Moravia, and the Sovereign Barony of Tarasp (now in Switzerland).
Portland Ice Arena (Oregon)
The Portland Ice Arena, also called the Portland Ice Hippodrome or the Portland Hippodrome, was a 2,000-seat multi-purpose arena located in northwest Portland, Oregon, United States. It was home to the Portland Rosebuds Pacific Coast Hockey Association franchise from 1914 and 1918 and the Portland Penguins from 1928 to 1941.

It was built in 1914 and closed in the 1950s due to concerns about fire safety.

45°31′51″N 122°41′34″W﻿ / ﻿45.5308°N 122.6929°W﻿ / 45.5308; -122.6929

Portland Rosebuds (ice hockey)
Portland Rosebuds was the name of two professional men's ice hockey teams in Portland, Oregon. Both teams played their home games at the Portland Ice Arena. The first Rosebuds are notable for being the first American-based team to be allowed to compete for the Stanley Cup. The second Rosebuds are notable in that their roster was used to build the NHL expansion Chicago Blackhawks.
Hochpustertal
The Hochpustertal (High Puster Valley, Italian: Alta Pusteria) is the easternmost part of the Puster Valley, stretching from the watershed of the Rienz and Drava rivers at Niederdorf in South Tyrol down the Drava to Lienz in East Tyrol, Austria. The area includes the Sexten and Prags side valleys.

According to the 1915 London Pact and the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the Italian-Austrian border was drawn between Innichen (San Candido) and Sillian. As the Rienz-Drava watershed near Toblach (called Toblacher Feld or Sella di Dobbiaco) is a rarely notable transition, the natural western boundaries of the Hochpustertal vary. Usually, in the valley the following municipalities are included:

Niederdorf, Sexten, Prags, Toblach, and Innichen in South Tyrol,

Sillian, Strassen, Abfaltersbach, Assling, and Leisach in East Tyrol.

Puster Valley
The Puster Valley (Italian: Val Pusteria [ˈval pusteˈriːa]; German: Pustertal, Ladin: Val de Puster) is one of the largest longitudinal valleys in the Alps that runs in an east-west direction between Lienz in East Tyrol, Austria, and Mühlbach near Brixen in South Tyrol, Italy. The South Tyrolean municipalities of the Puster Valley constitute the Puster Valley district.
Marcus Garland
Marcus Garland is a 1925 race film directed, written, produced and distributed by Oscar Micheaux. The film offers a harsh parody on the rise and fall of Marcus Garvey, the Black nationalist and pan-Africanist leader. Few details on the film’s production survive, and some sources place its release in 1928.

No print of the film is known to exist and it is presumed to be a lost film.

Oscar Micheaux
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (US: /mɪˈʃoʊ/ ⓘ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race films, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century." He produced both silent films and sound films.
Umfolozi River
The Umfolozi River (also uMfolozi, Imfolozi or Mfolozi) is a river in KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa. It is formed by the confluence of the Black (Imfolozi emnyama) and White Umfolozi (Imfolozi emhlope) Rivers near the southeastern boundary of the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve. The isiZulu name imFolozi is generally considered to describe the zigzag course followed by both tributaries, though other explanations have been given.

The river flows in an easterly direction to the Indian Ocean at Maphelana, a coastal resort just south of the St Lucia River mouth. It originally meandered over the Monzi Flats, where it split into numerous slow-flowing channels before entering the St. Lucia Estuary at Honeymoon Bend. The slow-moving water and reed beds in channels operated as a natural filtering system that removed silt from the Umfolozi floodwaters and created a rich habitat for numerous species.

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park
Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, formerly Hluhluwe–Umfolozi Game Reserve, is a nature reserve in central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It consists of 960 km2 (370 sq mi) of hilly topography and is the oldest reserve in Africa. Operated by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, the park is the only state-run park in KwaZulu-Natal where each of the big five game animals occur.

Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park has one of the largest populations of southern white rhinoceros in the world. However, this population remains severely threatened by poaching.
Steen Andersen Bille (1751–1833)
Admiral Steen Andersen Bille (22 August 1751 –  15 April 1833) was a Danish naval officer. A a member of the Bille family, he rose to the rank of admiral and became a privy counselor during the period of Denmark-Norway's policy of "armed neutrality" following the Gunboat War. He was instrumental in the rebuilding of the Danish Navy after 1814.

Bille (noble family)
The Bille family (also spelled Bilde) is a Danish noble family. Its members have played a prominent role in Danish politics and society since the mid 13th century and also in Norway during the time Denmark was in a political union with Norway. The family includes the comital branches Bille-Brahe and Bille-Brahe-Selby. There was also a Norwegian branch of the family that died out in 1984.
Fitzpatrick Stadium
James J. Fitzpatrick Stadium (formerly Portland Stadium) is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose outdoor stadium in Portland, Maine, United States. Built in 1930, it sits between Interstate 295, Hadlock Field baseball stadium, King Middle School, and the Portland Exposition Building. It is located across Deering Avenue from Deering Oaks Park. It was renamed in 1989 to honor James J. Fitzpatrick. It is the primary stadium for Portland High School athletics and the USL League One team Portland Hearts of Pine.

Hadlock Field
Delta Dental Park at Hadlock Field is a minor league baseball stadium in Portland, Maine. The stadium is home to the Portland Sea Dogs of the Eastern League and the Portland High School Bulldogs baseball team. The stadium is owned by the city and leased to the Sea Dogs, a Boston Red Sox affiliate owned by Diamond Baseball Holdings.

The stadium is named for Edson B. Hadlock Jr., a long-time Portland High School baseball coach and physics teacher and member of the Maine Baseball Hall of Fame.
Van Speijk-class frigate
The Van Speijk-class was a ship class of six frigates that were built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy. They were versions of the British Leander-class frigates with Dutch radars. The British design was chosen in order to enable rapid construction in order to replace elderly destroyer escorts and take up part of the NATO patrol duties of the decommissioned anti-submarine warfare carrier Karel Doorman. The ships were modernised in the late 1970s. All six ships were sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1986–1989 and five are still in service as the Ahmad Yani-class frigates.

Ahmad Yani-class frigate
The Ahmad Yani class of six general-purpose frigates were acquired by the Indonesian Navy in the 1980s. They were originally built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy as the Van Speijk class which were licence-built versions of the British Leander class, Unlike its predecessors, this ship has been extensively modernized and modified by the Indonesian Navy since the 2000s, so its performance is not the same as the original.
Turricephaly
Turricephaly is a type of cephalic disorder where the head appears tall with a small length and width. It is due to premature closure of the coronal suture plus any other suture, like the lambdoid, or it may be used to describe the premature fusion of all sutures. It should be differentiated from Crouzon syndrome. Oxycephaly (or acrocephaly) is a form of turricephaly where the head is cone-shaped, and is the most severe of the craniosynostoses.

Carpenter syndrome
Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, syndactyly, and polydactyly. Acrocephalopolysyndactyly is a variation of acrocephalosyndactyly that presents with polydactyly.

It was first characterized in 1909, and is named for George Alfred Carpenter.
Inferior rectal veins
The lower part of the external hemorrhoidal plexus is drained by the inferior rectal veins (or inferior hemorrhoidal veins) into the internal pudendal vein.

Veins superior to the middle rectal vein in the colon and rectum drain via the portal system to the liver. Veins inferior, and including, the middle rectal vein drain into systemic circulation and are returned to the heart, bypassing the liver.

Pathologies involving the Inferior rectal veins may cause lower GI bleeding. Depending on the degree of inflammation, they are given a grade level ranging from 1 through 4.

Rectal venous plexus
The rectal venous plexus (or hemorrhoidal plexus) is the venous plexus surrounding the rectum. It consists of an internal and an external rectal plexus.: 598 : 294  It is drained by the superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins. It forms a portosystemic (portocaval) anastomosis. This allows rectally administered medications to bypass first pass metabolism.

Despite the inclusion of the term "rectal" into the name, the venous plexus is positionally, functionally, and clinically primarily related to the anal canal.
Sielanka, Bydgoszcz
Sielanka is a housing estate developed in the 1910s in the heart of downtown city Bydgoszcz, Poland. Its completion spans almost 25 years, across the political changes of the period (from the Prussian occupation to the re-creation of the Polish state). It was created in the spirit of garden city spirit originating from the beginning of the 20th century and refers to eclectic forms. In addition, there are many modernist villas, fashionable in the interwar period.

Bydgoszcz Architects (1850–1970s)
Bydgoszcz displays an abundant variety of architectures, with styles from neo-gothic, neo-baroque and neoclassicism, to Art Nouveau and modernism; hence its nickname of Little Berlin at the start of the 20th century. The notable granaries on Mill Island and along Brda river also recall a recognized timber-framed characteristics of the city in Poland.

The period stretching from 1850 to the Second Polish Republic witnessed the greatest development of the city. In the mid-19th century, the arrival of the Prussian Eastern Railway (German: Preußische Ostbahn) contributed greatly to the development of Bromberg. After WWI, with the re-attachment of the town to the new state of Poland, Bydgoszcz underwent anew a growth, while German residents fled.

Most of the constructions of these time, still preserved today, are linked to a number of architects who left (for a few of them) a profound mark on the current architectural landscape of the city.