hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Visitation stones
The act of placing visitation stones is significant in Jewish bereavement practices. Small stones are placed by people who visit Jewish graves in an act of remembrance or respect for the deceased. The practice is a way of participating in the mitzvah (commandment) of burial. It is customary to place the stone with the left hand.

Bereavement in Judaism
Bereavement in Judaism (Hebrew: אֲבֵלוּת, romanized: ʾăvēlût, lit. 'mourning') is shaped and governed by a combination of Jewish custom (מִנְהָג, minhāg; pl. מִנְהָגִים, minhāgîm), observations of figures in the Hebrew Bible, and mitzvot (Biblical Hebrew: מִצְוֹת, romanized: miṣwôt, lit. 'commandments'; sing. מִצְוָה, miṣwāh) derived therefrom in Judaism's Rabbinic literature. Chazal—the rabbis and scholars whose discussions are recorded in the Mishnah, Talmud, and Tosefta—explicate mourning Halakha in, for example, Mo'ed Katan 14b–28b, Sotah 14a:4, Berakhot 6b, and Sanhedrin 46b. The details of observance and practice vary according to each Jewish community.
Tokutarō Watanabe
Tokutarō Watanabe was the owner of the A. Farsari & Co. photographic studio. Watanabe initially was the firm's chief operator under the ownership by Adolfo Farsari and then Tonokura Tsunetarō. Following the departure of Tonokura in 1904, Watanabe became the new owner, only to be succeeded by the firm's former secretary Fukagawa Itomaro. A. Farsari & Co. was based in Yokohama, Japan.

Fukagawa Itomaro
Fukagawa Itomaro was the secretary and owner of the A. Farsari & Co. photographic studio. Following the departure of Watanabe Tokutarō in 1904 or shortly thereafter, Fukagawa became the new owner. A. Farsari & Co. was based in Yokohama, Japan.
Jibla, Yemen
Jiblah (Arabic: جِبْلَة) is a town in the Ibb Governorate of Yemen, south-west of the city of Ibb. It is located at the elevation of around 2,200 metres (7,200 feet), near Jabal At-Ta'kar (جَبَل ٱلتَّعْكَر). The town and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List due to its purported universal cultural value. By 2019 Jiblah University for Medical and Health Sciences was established in the center of the town of Jiblah. The historical Palace of Queen Arwa is located in the town.

Ibb
Ibb (Arabic: إِبّ, romanized: ʾIbb) is a city in Yemen, the capital of Ibb Governorate, located about 117 km (73 mi) northeast of Mokha and 194 km (121 mi) south of Sanaa. A market town and administrative centre developed during the Ottoman Empire, it is one of the most important medium-sized cities in the country. It is situated on a mountain ridge, surrounded by fertile land. As of 2023, it has an estimated population of 771,500 residents. Other names for Ibb, is "The Land of Green"
Nojiri, Miyazaki
Nojiri (野尻町, Nojiri-chō) was a town located in Nishimorokata District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,705 and the density of 97.96 persons per km2. The total area was 88.86 km2.

On March 23, 2010, Nojiri was merged into the expanded city of Kobayashi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Kobayashi, Miyazaki
Kobayashi (小林市, Kobayashi-shi) is a city located in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 42,139 in 19144 households, and a  population density of 75 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 562.95 km2 (217.36 sq mi).
Männerbund
The Männerbund (German: 'alliance of men') refers to the theoretical Proto-Indo-European brotherhood of warriors in which unmarried young males served for several years, as a rite of passage into manhood, before their full integration into society.

Scholars such as Kim McCone (1987) and Gerhard Meiser (2002) have theorised the existence of the Männerbund based on later Indo-European traditions and myths that feature links between landless young males, perceived as an age-class not yet fully integrated into the community of the married men; their service in war-bands sent away for part of the year in the wild, then defending the host society for the rest of the year; their mystical self-identification with wolves and dogs as symbols of death, lawlessness, and warrior fury; and the idea of a liminality between vulnerability and death on one side, and youth and adulthood on the other side.

Ephebos
Ephebos (Greek: ἔφηβος; pl. epheboi, Greek: ἔφηβοι), latinized as ephebus (pl. ephebi) and anglicised as ephebe (pl. ephebes), is a term for a male adolescent in Ancient Greece. The term was particularly used to denote one who was doing military training and preparing to become an adult. From about 335 BC, ephebes from Athens (aged between 18–20) underwent two years of military training under supervision, during which time they were exempt from civic duties and deprived of most civic rights. During the 3rd century BC, ephebic service ceased to be compulsory and its time was reduced to one year. By the 1st century BC, the ephebia became an institution reserved for wealthy individuals and, besides military training, it also included philosophic and literary studies.

Peripoli (περίπολοι) were troops assigned to patrol duty, the term was also used for Athenian ephebes during the two years of their ephebic training, and this phase of their service was known as peripolia (περιπολία).
Young Sinatra: Welcome to Forever
Young Sinatra: Welcome to Forever is the fourth mixtape by American rapper Logic. It was released as a free online download by Visionary on May 7, 2013 and is the third installment in the Young Sinatra series, following Young Sinatra and Young Sinatra: Undeniable. The mixtape was downloaded over 100,000 times on DatPiff in less than a day and has garnered over 1,000,000 downloads on DatPiff since its release. This project was followed by Logic's fourth studio album YSIV (Young Sinatra IV), with the latter not being credited as a mixtape.

YSIV
YSIV (abbreviation of Young Sinatra IV) is the fourth studio album by American rapper Logic, released on September 28, 2018, by Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings. The album art, featuring a mugshot of Logic himself, is stylized similarly to the famous mugshot of Frank Sinatra and reminiscent of the artwork for Logic's second mixtape Young Sinatra, released in 2011. The album serves as a sequel to the mixtape Young Sinatra: Welcome to Forever, released in 2013, and is the fourth and final installment of the Young Sinatra series. The album is notable for being credited as an album in the Young Sinatra series, as the previous titles were released as mixtapes. It features guest appearances from all living members of Wu-Tang Clan, Wale, Jaden, Ryan Tedder and Hailee Steinfeld, among others.
Ballatha
Ballatha is an Indomalayan genus of moths in the family Nolidae, in which it is either placed incertae sedis, or as part of the subfamily Chloephorinae. The genus was formerly considered part of the Noctuidae, subfamily Chloephorinae.

Ballatha species are known to occur in northern India and Myanmar (B. laeta), Hainan (B. aurata) and on Borneo (B. willotti).

Nolidae
Nolidae is a family of moths with about 1,700 described species worldwide. They are mostly small with dull coloration, the main distinguishing feature being a silk cocoon with a vertical exit slit. The group is sometimes known as tuft moths, after the tufts of raised scales on the forewings of two subfamilies, Nolinae and Collomeninae. The larvae also tend to have muted colors and tufts of short hairs.

Formerly, this group was included in the Noctuidae.
Matag-ob
Matag-ob (IPA: [mɐ'tagʔob]), officially the Municipality of Matag-ob (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Matag-ob; Waray: Bungto han Matag-ob; Tagalog: Bayan ng Matag-ob), is a municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 18,618 people.

In 1957 the barrios of Santo Rosario, Santa Rosa, Balagtas, San Vicente and Mabini were separated from the municipality of Palompon and constituted into Matag-ob.

Palompon
Palompon (IPA: [pɐ'lompɔn]), officially the Municipality of Palompon (Cebuano: Lungsod sa Palompon; Waray: Bungto han Palompon; Tagalog: Bayan ng Palompon), is a municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 59,486 people.
Mula (nakshatra)
Mūla ('root'; Devanagari मूल/मूळ, Kannada: ಮೂಲcode: kan promoted to code: kn , Telugu: మూల, Tamil: மூலம்) is the 19th of the 27 nakshatras or lunar mansions in Indian astronomy and astrology. The symbol of Mula is a bunch of roots tied together (reticulated roots) or an 'elephant goad' (ankusha). It corresponds to a group of stars in the tail of Scorpius: at least ε, μ, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, and λ Scorpii. These stars are in the direction of the Galactic Center, the brightest part of the Milky Way; this may be the source of the name Mula, referring to the central Milky Way looking like a root or tuber.

Scorpius
Scorpius is a zodiac constellation located in the Southern celestial hemisphere, where it sits near the center of the Milky Way, between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. Scorpius is an ancient constellation whose recognition predates Greek culture; it is one of the 48 constellations identified by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy in the second century.
Art collection of Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena
The Galleria dei dipinti antichi di Crédit Agricole Italia e della Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena (transl. Crédit Agricole Italia and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena Gallery of Antique Art) is a small, publicly-exhibited collection of works by artists mainly from Emilia-Romagna. The works were collected by Cesena's saving bank Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena and Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena, the bank's owning organisation. The collection spans works from the 15th century to the 19th century, and was accumulated mostly over the last 2-3 decades.  Since 1991, it has been displayed in the former monastery of the Celestines, the central offices of the bank, which was merged in 2018 into Crédit Agricole Italia.

Cesena
Cesena (Italian: [tʃeˈzɛːna]; Romagnol: Cisêna) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy; and - with Forlì - is the capital of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. Served by Autostrada A14, and located near the Apennine Mountains, about 15 kilometres (9 miles) from the Adriatic Sea. The total population is 97,137.
Qatar Airways
Qatar Airways Company Q.C.S.C. (Arabic: الخطوط الجوية القطرية, al-Qaṭariyya), operating as Qatar Airways, is the flag carrier of Qatar. It was established by the government of Qatar in 1993, and has been 100% state-owned since 2013. Headquartered in the Qatar Airways Tower in Doha, the airline operates a hub-and-spoke network, with 170 international routes from its base at Hamad International Airport.  The airline currently operates a fleet of more than 200 aircraft. Qatar Airways Group employs more than 43,000 people. The carrier has been a member of the Oneworld alliance since October 2013, and the official company slogan has been "Going Places Together", since 2015. The airline has faced controversies over employee pay and working conditions, as well as accusations of bribery to European politicians.

Farnborough International Airshow
The Farnborough International Airshow is a trade exhibition for the aerospace and defence industries, where civilian and military aircraft are demonstrated to potential customers and investors in Farnborough, Hampshire, England. Since its first show in 1948, Farnborough has seen the debut of many famous aeroplanes, including the Vickers VC10, Concorde, the Eurofighter, the Airbus A380, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. At the 1958 show, Hawker Hunters of the RAF's Black Arrows executed a 22-aircraft formation loop, setting a  new world record.

The international trade show runs for five days. Until 2020, the show ran for a full week with the first five days reserved for trade visitors and the general public attending on the weekend.
Climate change in Malaysia
Climate change is having a considerable impact in Malaysia. Increasing temperatures are likely to greatly increase the number of heatwaves occurring annually. Variations in precipitation may increase the frequency of droughts and floods in various local areas. Sea level rise may inundate some coastal areas. These impacts are expected to have numerous environmental and socioeconomic effects, exacerbating existing environmental issues and reinforcing inequality.

Malaysia itself contributes emissions given its significant use of coal and natural gas. However, the use of hydropower has expanded in the 21st century, and other potential energy sources such as solar power and biomass are being explored. The government anticipates the need to adapt in areas such as health and coastal defences, and has ratified the Paris Agreement.

Energy policy of Malaysia
The energy policy of Malaysia is determined by the Malaysian Government, which address issues of energy production, distribution, and consumption. The Department of Electricity and Gas Supply acts as the regulator while other players in the energy sector include energy supply and service companies, research and development institutions and consumers. Government-linked companies Petronas and Tenaga Nasional Berhad are major players in Malaysia's energy sector.

Governmental agencies that contribute to the policy are the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water, Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga), and the Malaysia Energy Centre (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia).  Among the documents that the policy is based on are the 1974 Petroleum Development Act, 1975 National Petroleum Policy, 1980 National Depletion Policy, 1990 Electricity Supply Act, 1993 Gas Supply Acts, 1994 Electricity Regulations, 1997 Gas Supply Regulation and the 2001 Energy Commission Act.
Vermilion-Lloydminster
Vermilion-Lloydminster was a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada, mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using first past the post method of voting from 1993 to 2019.

The largest communities in the constituency are the city of Lloydminster, town of Vermilion, and the town Viking.

Vermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright
Vermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright is a provincial electoral district in Alberta, Canada. The district is one of 87 districts mandated to return a single member (MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta using the first-past-the-post method of voting. It was contested for the first time in the 2019 Alberta election.
Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
The Politburo, also known as the Political Bureau, is the highest executive authority of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)). Its members are elected by the Central Committee, which is in turn elected at the Party Congress, typically convened every three years.

B. V. Raghavulu
Bodapati Venkata Raghavulu is an Indian communist politician from Andhra Pradesh. He is also a Politburo member of Communist Party of India (Marxist). He was the last state secretary of the unified Andhra Pradesh State Committee of the party, till its bifurcation in March 2014.
Hydroxide
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile, and a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.
The corresponding electrically neutral compound HO• is the hydroxyl radical. The corresponding covalently bound group −OH of atoms is the hydroxy group.
Both the hydroxide ion and hydroxy group are nucleophiles and can act as catalysts in organic chemistry.

Many inorganic substances which bear the word hydroxide in their names are not ionic compounds of the hydroxide ion, but covalent compounds which contain hydroxy groups.

Lye
Lye is the common name of various alkaline solutions, including soda lye (a solution of sodium hydroxide) and potash lye (a solution of potassium hydroxide). Lyes are used as cleaning products, as ingredients in soapmaking, and in various other contexts.
Solva (Hungary)
Solva was an early name for what is now Esztergom, Hungary, in the province of Pannonia, during the Roman period. It was an important part of the limes line along the Danube. Solva was granted town rank by Publius Aelius Hadrianus in 121 AD.

Esztergom
Esztergom (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛstɛrɡom] ⓘ; German: Gran; Latin: Solva or Strigonium; Slovak: Ostrihom, known by alternative names) is a city with county rights in northern Hungary, 46 kilometres (29 miles) northwest of the capital Budapest. It lies in Komárom-Esztergom County, on the right bank of the river Danube, which forms the border with Slovakia there. Esztergom was the capital of Hungary from the 10th until the mid-13th century when King Béla IV of Hungary moved the royal seat to Buda.

Esztergom is the seat of the prímás (see Primate) of the Catholic Church in Hungary, and the former seat of the Constitutional Court of Hungary. The city has a Christian Museum with the largest ecclesiastical collection in Hungary. Its cathedral, Esztergom Basilica, is the largest church in Hungary. Near the Basilica there is a campus of the Pázmány Péter Catholic University.
Bear Lake sculpin
The Bear Lake sculpin (Cottus extensus) occasionally referred to incorrectly as a "bullhead", is a species of freshwater sculpin endemic to Bear Lake on the Utah-Idaho border. It is one of only four sculpins native to Utah, and the only extant lake-dwelling sculpin in Utah (see Utah Lake sculpin). Although the fish is only native to Bear Lake, it has been introduced and established in Flaming Gorge Reservoir.

The Bear Lake sculpin is a benthic fish and feeds on invertebrates. It is an important forage species for the native Bear Lake strain of Bonneville cutthroat trout and the nonnative Lake trout in Bear lake.

The species spawns between the months of April and May among rocks close to shore, and is listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources.

Cottus (fish)
Cottus is a genus of the mainly freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. They are often referred to as the "freshwater sculpins", as they are the principal genus of sculpins to be found in fresh water. They are native to the Palearctic and Nearctic.

They are small fish, mostly less than 15 cm (6 in) in length, although a few species can reach twice that size.
Kris Allen
Kristopher Neil Allen (born June 21, 1985) is an American singer, songwriter, and the winner of the eighth season of American Idol.

Prior to Idol, he self-released a 2007 album, Brand New Shoes.

Allen's Idol coronation song, "No Boundaries" and his version of "Heartless" both charted within the Top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100. Allen's post-Idol self-titled album was released on November 17, 2009, by Jive Records. The album debuted at number 11 on the U.S. Billboard 200. The album's lead single, "Live Like We're Dying", was released on September 21, 2009, and peaked at number 18 in the U.S. with combined sales of over 1.7 million. Allen's second major-label album Thank You Camellia was released on May 22, 2012, and the lead single "The Vision of Love" was released March 26, 2012.

Allen released his fifth studio album, Letting You In, on March 18, 2016.

Conway, Arkansas
Conway is a city in Faulkner County, Arkansas, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 64,134 at the 2020 census, making Conway the eighth-most populous city in Arkansas. It is located within Central Arkansas and serves as a regional hub for Faulkner County and surrounding areas. Conway is home to three post-secondary educational institutions, earning it the nickname "The City of Colleges".
Peter Hillary
Peter Edmund Hillary (born 26 December 1954) is a New Zealand mountaineer and philanthropist. He is the son of Sir Edmund Hillary, who, along with mountaineer Tenzing Norgay, completed the first successful ascent of Mount Everest. When Peter Hillary summited Everest in 1990, he and his father were the first father/son duo to achieve the feat. Hillary has achieved two summits of Everest, an 84-day trek across Antarctica to the South Pole, and an expedition guiding astronaut Neil Armstrong to land a small aircraft at the North Pole. He has climbed many of the world's major peaks, and on 19 June 2008, completed the Seven Summits, reaching the top of the highest mountains on all seven continents, when he summited Denali in Alaska.

Himalayan Trust
The Himalayan Trust is an international non-profit humanitarian organisation first established in the 1960s by Sir Edmund Hillary, who led the trust until his death in 2008. The Himalayan Trust aims to improve the health, education and general wellbeing of people living in the Solukhumbu District.

The Himalayan Trust is headquartered in New Zealand where it is a registered charity through the Charities Commission. The Trust has charitable status being a member of the Council for International Development (CID).
J. Page Hayden Field
J. Page Hayden Field is a baseball venue in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.  It is home to the Xavier Musketeers baseball team of the NCAA Division I Big East.  Since 2006, the Cincinnati Steam of the collegiate summer Great Lakes Summer Collegiate League have also used Hayden Field.  The facility was dedicated in 1982 for J. Page Hayden, under whose name a donation for the field's renovation was made.  It has a capacity of 500 spectators.

Xavier Musketeers baseball
The Xavier Musketeers baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball program of Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. The program's first season was in 1974, and it has been a member of the NCAA Division I Big East Conference since the start of the 2014 season. Its home venue is J. Page Hayden Field, located on Xavier's campus. Billy O'Conner is the team's head coach starting in the 2018 season. The program has appeared in 5 NCAA Tournaments, with the most recent appearance in 2023. It has won four conference tournament championships and 2 regular season conference titles. As of the start of the 2022 Major League Baseball season, 8 former Musketeers have appeared in Major League Baseball.
Rambo (fox)
Rambo (2018 – c. October 2022) was the name given to a feral red fox (Vulpes vulpes) that survived for more than four years in a fenced wildlife conservation area in the Pilliga forest, New South Wales. Rambo was regularly photographed by camera traps but evaded all attempts to trap, poison, or shoot him, delaying the planned reintroduction of several threatened mammal species. He was named for John Rambo, the main character in the 1982 film First Blood.

Red foxes in Australia
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) pose a serious conservation problem in Australia, with a range extending throughout most of the continental mainland. The species became established in Australia through successive introductions, by settlers, beginning in the 19th century. Due to its rapid spread and ecological impact, it has been classified as one of the most damaging invasive species in Australia, along with feral cats.