hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugene England
George Eugene England, Jr. (22 July 1933 – 17 August 2001), usually credited as Eugene England,  was a Latter-day Saint writer, teacher, and scholar.  He founded Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, the oldest independent journal in Mormon Studies, with G. Wesley Johnson, Paul G. Salisbury, Joseph H. Jeppson, and Frances Menlove in 1966, and cofounded the Association for Mormon Letters in 1976. He is also widely known in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) for his many essays about Mormon culture and thought.  From 1977–1998, England taught Mormon Literature at Brigham Young University.  England described the ideal modern Mormon scholar as "critical and innovative as his gifts from God require but conscious of and loyal to his own unique heritage and nurturing community and thus able to exercise those gifts without harm to others or himself."

Mormon literature
Mormon literature is generally considered to have begun a few years before the March 1830 publication of the Book of Mormon. Since then, Mormon literature has grown to include more scripture, as well as histories, fiction, biographies, poetry, hymns, drama and other forms.
Marek Wolf
Marek Wolf (born 30 June 1957) is a Czech astronomer, former head the Astronomický ústav, Univerzita Karlova v Praze (Astronomical Institute, Charles University of Prague).

He is a discoverer of several asteroids between 1995 and 2001, mostly in collaboration with Czech astronomers Lenka Kotková and Petr Pravec. The Minor Planet Center credits his discoveries under M. Wolf: he is sometimes confused with Max Wolf (1863–1932), a German astronomer and a very famous asteroid hunter who is credited as M. F. Wolf.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Neoclassical economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as driven by the supply and demand model. According to this line of thought, the value of a good or service is determined through a hypothetical maximization of utility by income-constrained individuals and of profits by firms facing production costs and employing available information and factors of production. This approach has often been justified by appealing to rational choice theory.

Neoclassical economics is the dominant approach to microeconomics and, together with Keynesian economics, formed the neoclassical synthesis which dominated mainstream economics as "neo-Keynesian economics" from the 1950s onward.

Thorstein Veblen
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (/ˈθɔːrstaɪn ˈvɛblən/ THOR-styn VEH-blən; July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929) was an American economist and sociologist who, during his lifetime, emerged as a well-known critic of capitalism.

In his best-known book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), Veblen coined the concepts of conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. Veblen laid the foundation for the perspective of institutional economics. Contemporary economists still theorize Veblen's distinction between "institutions" and "technology", known as the Veblenian dichotomy.

As a leading intellectual of the Progressive Era in the US, Veblen attacked production for profit. His emphasis on conspicuous consumption greatly influenced economists who engaged in non-Marxist critiques of fascism, capitalism, and technological determinism.
Digital Tape Recording System
Digital Tape Recording System (DTRS) is a signal recording and playback medium developed by TASCAM, a division of the TEAC Corporation, that was stored on Hi8 video cassettes. It allowed up to 108 minutes of continuous digital multitrack recording on a single tape.

Digital recording
In digital recording, an audio or video signal is converted into a stream of discrete numbers representing the changes over time in air pressure for audio, or chroma and luminance values for video.  This number stream is saved to a storage device.  To play back a digital recording, the numbers are retrieved and converted back into their original analog audio or video forms so that they can be heard or seen.

In a properly matched analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) pair, the analog signal is accurately reconstructed, within the constraints of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which dictates the sampling rate and quantization error dependent on the audio or video bit depth. Because the signal is stored digitally, assuming proper error detection and correction, the recording is not degraded by copying, storage or interference.
Toviklin
Toviklin  [tɔ.vi.klɛ̃] is a town, arrondissement, and commune in the Kouffo Department of south-western Benin. The commune covers an area of 120 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 88,611 people.

Communes of Benin
The departments of Benin are subdivided into 77 communes, which in turn are divided into arrondissements and finally into villages or city districts. Prior to 1999 provinces were broken down into 84 districts, titled either urban or rural.  Before independence, the six provinces were subdivided into cercles, cantons, préfectures and villages or towns.

The communes are listed below, by department:
Red auxiliary number
In the study of ancient Egyptian mathematics, red auxiliary numbers are numbers written in red ink in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, apparently used as aids for arithmetic computations involving fractions. It is considered to be the first examples of  method that uses Least common multiples.

Ancient Egyptian mathematics
Ancient Egyptian mathematics is the mathematics that was developed and used in Ancient Egypt c. 3000 to c. 300 BCE, from the Old Kingdom of Egypt until roughly the beginning of Hellenistic Egypt. The ancient Egyptians utilized a numeral system for counting and solving written mathematical problems, often involving multiplication and fractions. Evidence for Egyptian mathematics is limited to a scarce amount of surviving sources written on papyrus. From these texts it is known that ancient Egyptians understood concepts of geometry, such as determining the surface area and volume of three-dimensional shapes useful for architectural engineering, and algebra, such as the false position method and quadratic equations.
K2 Sports
K2 Sports, LLC, known simply as K2, is an American sporting goods company headquartered in Seattle, Washington focused primarily on winter sports equipment. K2 operates under the labels K2 Snow and K2 Skates, as well as its subsidiaries Backcountry Access, Ride Snowboards, Tubbs Snowshoes, Atlas Snow-Shoe Company, LINE Skis, Full Tilt Boots, and Madshus brands.  Famous users of K2 Skis include pro champion Spider Sabich, World Cup and Olympic champion Phil Mahre, and his twin brother Steve Mahre, World Champion and Olympic silver medalist.

Vashon, Washington
Vashon (/ˈvæʃɒn/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in King County, Washington, United States. It covers an island alternately called Vashon Island or Vashon–Maury Island, the largest island in Puget Sound south of Admiralty Inlet. Before the construction of a tombolo built in 1913, Vashon Island and Maury Island were connected only during low tide; now they are considered a tied island.

The CDP's population was 11,055 at the 2020 census, up from 10,624 in 2010. The CDP covers an area of 36.9 square miles (95.6 km2).

The island is connected to West Seattle and the Kitsap Peninsula to the north and Tacoma to the south via the Washington State Ferries system, as well as to Downtown Seattle via the King County Water Taxi. The island has resisted the construction of a fixed bridge to preserve its relative isolation and rural character. Vashon Island is also known for its annual strawberry festival, sheepdog trials, and agriculture.
Harcourt Street railway line
The Harcourt Street Railway Line (Irish: Seanlíne Iarnróid Shráid Fhearchair) was a railway line that ran from Harcourt Street in Dublin through the southern suburbs to Bray. It was one of the Dublin and South Eastern Railway's two northern main lines, the other being the coastal line to Westland Row (which was formerly a branch line until 1902).

Woodbrook railway station
Woodbrook DART Station (Irish: Stáisiún DART Shruthán na Coille) is a station serving the DART line in the Shanganagh area of Dublin, Ireland. Construction of the new DART station started in November 2023, with the station officially opening on 10 August 2025.

Woodbrook Halt, located in the same area as the new DART station, was a former station on the Dublin and South Eastern Railway. Opened in 1910, this station closed in 1960. The halt served Shankill and Shanganagh, including the Woodbrook Estate from which it took its name, and lay a short distance north of Bray (at the northern edge of County Wicklow).
Welsh hook
A Welsh hook is a type of polearm, a halberd-like weapon with a hook on the back, and gained its name due to its prevalence among the Welsh soldiers during the medieval wars against the English. It closely related to the agricultural implement known as a bill and is commonly classified as a type of poleaxe.

Halberd
A halberd (also called halbard or halbert) is a two-handed polearm that was in prominent use from the 13th to 16th centuries. The halberd consists of an axe blade topped with a spike mounted on a long shaft. It may have a hook or thorn on the back of the axe blade for grappling mounted combatants and protecting allied soldiers, typically musketeers. The halberd was usually 1.5 to 1.8 metres (4.9 to 5.9 ft) long.

The word halberd is cognate with the German word Hellebarde, deriving from Middle High German halm (handle) and barte (battleaxe) joined to form helmbarte. Troops that used the weapon were called halberdiers or halbardiers. The word has also been used to describe a weapon of the early Bronze Age in Western Europe. This consisted of a blade mounted on a pole at a right angle.
Mesotaenium
Mesotaenium is a genus of algae belonging to the family Mesotaeniaceae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern America.

Species:

Mesotaenium aplanosporum C.E.Taft

Mesotaenium berggrenii (Wittrock) Lagerheim

Mesotaenium caldariorum (Lagerheim) Hansgirg

Mesotaenium chlamydosporum de Bary

Mesotaenium degreyi W.B.Turner

Mesotaenium dodekahedron Geitler

Mesotaenium endlicherianum Nägeli

Mesotaenium fusisporum (P.L.Crouan & H.M.Crouan) De Toni

Mesotaenium hansgirgii Schmidle

Mesotaenium heimii Bourrelly

Mesotaenium kramstae Lemmerm.

Mesotaenium macrococcum (Kützing) J.Roy & Bisset

Mesotaenium minimum J.A.Cushman

Mesotaenium mirificum W.Archer

Mesotaenium neglectum Reinhard

Mesotaenium nivale Bek

Mesotaenium obscurum Lagerh.

Mesotaenium purpureum West & G.S.West

Mesotaenium pyrenoidosum (P.A.Broady) Petlovany

Mesotaenium truncatum West & G.S.West

Mesotaenium turicense Huber-Pestalozzi

Mesotaenium violascens De Bary

Mesotaeniaceae
The Mesotaeniaceae are a small family of unicellular green algae known as the "saccoderm desmids". The Mesotaeniaceae appear to be sister or ancestral to the Zygnemataceae. The desmids are a deep branching group of Zygnemataceae. Spirotaenia was found to be a basal green alga.
Sphere eversion
In differential topology, sphere eversion is a theoretical process of turning a sphere inside out in a three-dimensional space (the word eversion means "turning inside out"). It is possible to smoothly and continuously turn a sphere inside out in this way (allowing self-intersections of the sphere's surface) without cutting or tearing it or creating any crease. This is surprising, both to non-mathematicians and to those who understand regular homotopy, and can be regarded as a veridical paradox; that is something that, while being true, on first glance seems false.

More precisely, let

be the standard embedding; then there is a regular homotopy of immersions

such that f0 = f and f1 = −f.

Stephen Smale
Stephen Smale (born July 15, 1930) is an American mathematician, known for his research in topology, dynamical systems and mathematical economics. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 and spent more than three decades on the mathematics faculty of the University of California, Berkeley (1960–1961 and 1964–1995), where he currently is Professor Emeritus, with research interests in algorithms, numerical analysis and global analysis.
Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.

1997–98 Irani Cup
The 1997–98 Irani Cup match was played 30 September - 4 October 1997 at the Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai. The reigning Ranji Trophy champions, Mumbai defeated the Rest of India by 54 runs.

Sairaj Bahutule's match figures of 13/168 were only the second instance of a bowler taking 13-wickets in an Irani Cup match, after Anil Kumble in the 1992–93 Irani Cup.
R512 road (Ireland)
The R512 road is a regional road in Ireland which runs from Limerick city to Fermoy, County Cork. At one time it was part of the main route between the cities of Limerick and Cork.

From Limerick city the R512 starts at the Kilmallock Roundabout, passes over the M7 motorway (there is no junction), and proceeds generally southwards through Bruff and Kilmallock to finally join the N72 road just outside Fermoy.

Regional road (Ireland)
A regional road (Irish: bóthar réigiúnach) in the Republic of Ireland is a class of road not forming a major route (such as a national primary road or national secondary road), but nevertheless forming a link in the national route network. There are over 11,600 kilometres (7,200 miles) of regional roads. Regional roads are numbered with three-digit route numbers, prefixed by "R" (e.g. R105). The equivalent road category in Northern Ireland are B roads.
Mucor mucedo
Mucor mucedo, commonly known as the common pinmould, is a fungal plant pathogen and member of the phylum Mucoromycota and the genus Mucor. Commonly found on soil, dung, water, plants and moist foods, Mucor mucedo is a saprotrophic fungus found world-wide with 85 known strains. It is often mistaken for Rhizopus rots on fruits (i.e. strawberries) due to similar mould growth shape and colour. Contrastingly, however, Mucor mucedo is found to grow on a wide range of stored grains and plants, including cucumber and tomato. Discovered in Italy in 1729 by P.A. Micheli and later noted by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in the Species Plantarum, Mucor mucedo was originally classified as Mucor vulgaris by Micheli but later classified synonymous under name Mucor mucedo. The species was redescribed as Ascophora mucedo by H.J. Tode in 1790 but this type resided in a stoloniferous habitat and was later made the type of new genus Rhizopus.

Mucor
Mucor is a microbial genus of approximately 40 species of molds and dimorphic fungi in the family Mucoraceae. The genus includes both pathogenic and avirulent species, and some members of it can be utilized in biotechnical applications. These fungi are commonly found in soil, digestive systems, plant surfaces, some cheeses like Tomme de Savoie, rotten vegetable matter and iron oxide residue in the biosorption process.
St Magnus Church, Birsay
St Magnus Church, Birsay is a 17th-century church located in the parish of Birsay on Mainland, Orkney in Scotland. Built in 1664 on the site of an earlier, 11th-century church, St Magnus was later expanded in 1760 and 1867. The graveyard surrounding the church dates to the 18th century. The church building is now maintained by the St Magnus Church Birsay Trust.

Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney
Saint Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney, sometimes known as Magnus the Martyr, was Earl of Orkney from 1106 to about 1117.

Magnus's grandparents, Thorfinn the Mighty, Jarl of Orkney and his wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, had two sons, Erlend and Paul, who were twins. Through Ingibiorg's father Finn Arnesson and his wife, the family was related to the Norwegian Kings Olav II and Harald II.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyler County, Texas
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyler County, Texas.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Tyler County, Texas. There are three properties listed on the National Register in the county. One property is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 21, 2025.

Tyler County, Texas
Tyler County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is in East Texas and its seat is Woodville. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,798. Tyler County is named for John Tyler, the 10th President of the United States. Despite its name, Tyler County does not contain the city of Tyler, Texas; the latter is located about 140 miles to the north in Smith County.
Sydney Smith Lee
Sydney Smith Lee (September 2, 1802 – July 22, 1869), called Smith Lee in his lifetime, was an American naval officer who served as a captain in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. He was a descendant of the Lee Family of Virginia, the third child of Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee and Anne Hill Carter Lee, and the older brother of Confederate general Robert E. Lee.

Henry Lee III
Henry Lee III (January 29, 1756 – March 25, 1818) was an early American Patriot  and politician who served as the ninth Governor of Virginia and as the Virginia Representative to the United States Congress. Lee's service during the American Revolution as a cavalry officer in the Continental Army earned him the nickname by which he is best known, "Light-Horse Harry". He was a member of the Lee Family of Virginia and the father of Confederate general Robert E. Lee, who led the Army of Northern Virginia against the Union Army during the American Civil War.
Smut (fungus)
The smuts are multicellular fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for 'dirt' because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes (phylum Basidiomycota) and comprise seven of the 15 orders of the subphylum. Most described smuts belong to two orders, Ustilaginales and Tilletiales. The smuts are normally grouped with the other basidiomycetes because of their commonalities concerning sexual reproduction.

Ustilaginomycetes
Ustilaginomycetes is the class of true smut fungi. They are plant parasites with about 1400 recognised species in 70 genera. They have a simple septum with a septal pore cap, this is different from Agaricomycotina which has a dolipore septum with parenthoesome.
The group is monophyletic (has a common ancestor).
Anterior cingulate cortex
In human brains, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a "collar" surrounding the frontal part of the corpus callosum. It consists of Brodmann areas 24, 32, and 33.

It is involved in certain higher-level functions, such as attention allocation, reward anticipation, decision-making, impulse control (e.g. performance monitoring and error detection), and emotion.

Brodmann area 32
The Brodmann area 32, also known in the human brain as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus.  The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the ventral anterior cingulate area 24, externally by medial margins of the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate frontal area 8, granular frontal area 9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09).

The dorsal region of the anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the Stroop task.
Allt-fawr
Allt-fawr is a mountain in Snowdonia, North Wales and forms part of the Moelwynion group.

It is on the internal border of Snowdonia National Park, and overlooks the town of Blaenau Ffestiniog, with its numerous slate quarries, as well as Llyn Ystradau and Ffestiniog Power Station in Tanygrisiau. On the northern slope of Allt-fawr is the Oakeley Quarry, the world's largest underground slate mine. On the southern slope is the large Cwmorthin Quarry. These two mines are joined underneath the summit of Allt-fawr and the extensive chambering and adits are visible on the surface of the mountain where underground workings have collapsed.

Between 1974 and 1997, the Gloddfa Ganol tourist attraction operated within the Oakeley Quarry on the south slope of the mountain.

Blaenau Ffestiniog
Blaenau Ffestiniog (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbleɨ̯naɨ̯ fɛstˈɪnjɔɡ]) is a town in Gwynedd, Wales. Once a slate mining centre in historic Merionethshire, it now relies heavily on tourism, drawn to the Ffestiniog Railway and Llechwedd Slate Caverns. It reached a population of 12,000 at the peak development of the slate industry, but fell with the decline in demand for slate. The population of the community, including the nearby village Llan Ffestiniog, was 4,875 at the 2011 census: the fourth most populous in Gwynedd after Bangor, Caernarfon and Llandeiniolen. The population, not including Llan, is now only about 4,000.
Methylammonium chloride
Methylammonium chloride in an organic halide with a formula of CH3NH3Cl. It is an ammonium salt composed of methylamine and hydrogen chloride. One potential application for the methylammonium halides is in the production of perovskite solar cells. The methyl group and other hydrogen atoms are bonded covalently to the nitrogen, with the chloride bonded ionically.

Methylammonium halide
Methylammonium halides are organic halides with a formula of [CH3NH3]+X−, where X is F for methylammonium fluoride, Cl for methylammonium chloride, Br for methylammonium bromide, or I for methylammonium iodide. Generally they are white or light colored powders.
Monmouth Cup Stakes
The Monmouth Cup Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-years-old and older run over a distance of 1+1⁄8 miles annually in early July at Monmouth Park in Oceanport, New Jersey. The event currently offers a purse of $400,000 added.

Monmouth Park Racetrack
Monmouth Park Racetrack is an American race track for thoroughbred horse racing in Oceanport, New Jersey, United States. It is owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority and is operated under a five-year lease as a partnership with Darby Development, LLC.

Monmouth Park's marquee event is the Haskell Invitational, named after Amory L. Haskell. The Haskell was first run in 1968 as a handicap, but was made into an Invitational Handicap in 1981. It is now a 1+1⁄8 mi (1.8 km) test for three-year-olds run in late July. Monmouth Park also now showcases the Jersey Derby originally run at Garden State Park until its closure in 2001. The racetrack's season spans from early May to Labor Day in early September.