hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sirajganj District
Sirajganj District (Bengali: সিরাজগঞ্জ জেলা) is a district in North Bengal, Bangladesh, it is located in Rajshahi Division. It is the 25th largest district by area and 9th largest district by population in Bangladesh. It is known as the gateway to North Bengal.

Its administrative headquarter is Sirajganj. It is famous for its hand-loom cottage industries. In 1885, Sirajganj emerged as a thana. Formerly under Mymensingh District in Dacca Division, it was transferred to Pabna District on 15 February 1866. It was upgraded to become a subdivision of Pabna in 1885. In 1984, it was upgraded to a district.

Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division (Bengali: রাজশাহী বিভাগ) is one of the eight first-level administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of 18,174.4 square kilometres (7,017.2 sq mi) and a population at the 2022 Census of 20,353,119. Rajshahi Division consists of 8 districts, 70 upazilas (the next lower administrative tier) and 1,092 unions (the lowest administrative tier).

The region has historically been dominated by various feudal Rajas, Maharajas and Zamindars. Formerly comprising 16 districts, a new division (Rangpur Division) was formed with the 8 northern districts of the old Rajshahi Division from early 2010.
Ülo Tuulik
Ülo Tuulik (born 22 February 1940, in Abruka Island, Saare County) is an Estonian writer.

In 1963, he graduated from Tartu State University in philology. From 1964-1966, he was the chairman of Young Authors' Association in Tallinn. Since 1974, he was a member of Estonian Writers' Union.

His twin brother was writer Jüri Tuulik (1940-2014) and his cousin was writer Juhan Smuul.

Juhan Smuul
Juhan Smuul (18 February 1922 – 13 April 1971) was an Estonian writer. Until 1954 he used the given name Johannes Schmuul. Smuul was one of the most recognized writers in Soviet Estonia and was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Estonia, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR, chairman of the Estonian Writers' Union, secretary of the board of the Union of Soviet Writers.
Tipnaree Weerawatnodom
Tipnaree Weerawatnodom (Thai: ทิพนารี วีรวัฒโนดม; born 1 July 1996), nicknamed Namtan (Thai: น้ำตาล, lit. 'Sugar'), is a Thai actress, singer, model and television host. Tipnaree began her career in the entertainment industry in 2013 as a co-host of the variety show Strawberry Krubcake. She gained recognition for her performances in several television series, notably as Boom in Friend Zone (2018) and its sequel Friend Zone 2: Dangerous Area (2020), as well as her dual roles as Meen and Mind in Who Are You (2020), as Attorney Phrao in Law-less (2024), and her outstanding work with her twin roles as Ai-oon and Oaboom in sapphic series Pluto (2024).

Pluto (Thai TV series)
Pluto (Thai: นิทาน ดวงดาว ความรัก; RTGS: Nithan Duangdao Khwam Rak; lit. Tales, Stars, Love) is a Thai girls' love television series starring Tipnaree Weerawatnodom (Namtan) and Rachanun Mahawan (Film).

Adapted from the novel of the same name and produced by GMMTV together with Snap25, it was announced as one of the television series of GMMTV for 2024 during their "GMMTV2024: UP&ABOVE Part 1" event held on 17 October 2023. It is also the second girls' love series produced by GMMTV after 23.5. It officially premiered on GMM 25, GMMTV YouTube channel, and Viu on 19 October 2024 for 12 episodes, and ran until 4 January 2025.
OSCAR 44
OSCAR 44 (also called Navy-OSCAR 44, PCSat-1, Prototype Communications SATellite and NO-44) is an American amateur radio satellite for packet radio. It was built by Bob Bruninga at the U.S. Naval Academy.

The satellite was launched on September 30, 2001 by the Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska, using an Athena 1 rocket along with the Starshine 3, PICOSat and SAPPHIRE satellites. After the successful launch, the satellite was assigned OSCAR number 44.

The satellite has a digipeater for APRS in the 2-meter band. OSCAR 44 usually works with a negative power balance, which means that it is supplied with voltage by the photovoltaic cells each time it enters sunlight and remains active for another 45 minutes when it leaves sunlight using the battery charged by the photovoltaic cells.

Starshine 3
Starshine 3 (also called SO-43 and OSCAR 43) is one of five satellites in the Starshine project (Student Tracked Atmospheric Research Satellite for Heuristic International Equipment).

Starshine 3's main task was to study the density of the Earth's upper atmosphere. In addition, the 94 centimetres (37 in) and 91 kilograms (201 lb) heavy spherical satellite body was covered with 1,500 mirrors, which were manufactured by machine technology students in Utah and polished by almost 40,000 students in 1,000 different schools. In addition, 31 laser reflectors and a radio beacon in the amateur radio frequency range (145.825 MHz) were attached. The transmitter was powered by solar cells and batteries. Starshine 3 had neither drive nor position control.
Brad W. Foster
Brad W. Foster (born April 26, 1955) is an American illustrator, cartoonist, writer and publisher. He has also been Artist Guest of Honor at multiple conventions such as ArmadilloCon 10, Conestoga 9, Archon 35, NASFiC 2010, and 73rd World Science Fiction Convention.

Conestoga (convention)
Conestoga was a literary science fiction and fantasy convention held annually in Tulsa, Oklahoma, from 1997 through 2010, after which it was suspended for financial and logistical reasons. The convention at first was designated by the year in which it was held. With its sixth incarnation, Conestoga converted to a whole number count, rolling the first five into the number tally, and running through #14 before stopping. Celebrating science fiction and fantasy literature and art were staples of the convention, but many who were also interested in horror, anime, and comics attended. Popular activities at the convention included filking (filk singing is a play on folk) and gaming. Featured programming included a writers track, an art show, a dealer room, a masquerade, and a play put on by the Penguin Playhouse Troupe.
Vladimir Bogachev
Vladimir Igorevich Bogachev (Russian: Владимир Игоревич Богачёв; born in 1961) is an eminent Russian mathematician and Full Professor of the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. He is an expert in measure theory, probability theory, infinite-dimensional analysis and partial differential equations arising in mathematical physics.  His research was distinguished by several awards including the medal and the prize of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1990); Award of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (2000); the Doob Lecture of the Bernoulli Society (2017); and the Kolmogorov Prize of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2018).

Vladimir Bogachev is one of the most cited Russian mathematicians. He is the author of more than 200 publications and 12 monographs. His total citation index by MathSciNet is 2960, with h-index=23 (by September 2021).

Kolmogorov Prize
The Kolmogorov Prize is a mathematical prize awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences for outstanding results in the field of mathematics. It bears the name of the mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov.

The award was established by a Decree of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on February 23, 1993. As a rule, it is awarded every three years.
Gabriel Asaad
Gabriel Asaad (Syriac: ܓܒܪܐܝܠ ܐܣܥܕ) (March 18, 1907 – July 6, 1997) was an Assyrian composer, musician and nationalist. His classic songs include "Ho Donho Shemsho" (Syriac: ܗܐ ܕܢܚܐ ܫܡܫܐ, lit. 'The Sun is Shining'), "Motho rḥimto nisho dil" (Syriac: ܡܬܐ ܪܚܝܡܬܐ ܢܝܫܐ ܕܝܠܝ, lit. 'My beloved nation is my goal'), "Monaw kuoro" (Syriac: ܡܢܘ ܟܘܐܪܐ, romanized: Who is the blind person?) and "Moth Beth-Nahrin" (Syriac: ܡܬܝ ܒܝܬܢܗܪܝܢ, lit. 'Mesopotamia, My Nation').

Inspired by nationalistic activities, which he began in Syria, Asaad is considered a pioneer in modern Assyrian folk-pop music, having composed the first song in Turoyo. He performed in various dialects of modern Neo-Aramaic languages. Today, he is retrospectively regarded as a master in Assyrian music and a popular hero among Western Assyrian musicians.

Assyrian folk-pop music
Assyrian folk/pop music, also known as Assyrian folk-pop, is the musical style of the Assyrian people derived from traditional music that includes a broad range of stylistic varieties, which would also encompass fusions of Western genres such as pop, electronic, Latin, jazz and/or classical music, with a melodic basis of Assyrian folk.
Piyush Ranade
Piyush Ranade (born 28 March 1983) is a Marathi film & television actor. He appeared in Zee Marathi TV series Ekach Hya Janmi Janu, Lajja and Asmita, also in Star Plus's Burey Bhi Hum Bhale Bhi Hum as Kaivalya.

Burey Bhi Hum Bhale Bhi Hum
Burey Bhi Hum Bhale Bhi Hum (transl. Even Though We are Bad, We are Good) is an Indian comedy-drama television series on StarPlus. The series premiered on 16 March 2009 and ended on 26 June 2009. It was produced by JD Majethia and Aatish Kapadia under the banner Hats Off productions.
Michael D. West
Michael D. West (born 28 April 1953 in Niles, Michigan) is an American biogerontologist, and a pioneer in stem cells, cellular aging and telomerase. He is the founder and CEO of AgeX Therapeutics,
a startup focused on the field of experimental gerontology.

Niles, Michigan
Niles is a city in Berrien and Cass counties in the U.S. state of Michigan, near the Indiana state line city of South Bend. The population was 11,988 according to the 2020 census. It is the larger, by population, of the two principal cities in the Niles-Benton Harbor metropolitan area, an area with 153,797 people.
Henry Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham
Henry Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham (7 February 1837 – 4 May 1898) was an English peer, styled Lord Howard from 1845 to 1889.

He was educated at Harrow and Christ Church, Oxford, and served as a cornet in the Oxfordshire Yeomanry.

On 31 October 1865, he married Victoria Francesca Boyer (d. 1899), by whom he had one son:

Henry Alexander Gordon Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham (1866–1927)

He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London slightly west of the main chapel.

Henry succeeded him as Earl on his death in 1898.

Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham
Henry Alexander Gordon Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham, DL (15 August 1866 – 6 May 1927), styled Lord Howard from 1889 to 1898, was an English peer and member of the House of Lords. He inherited the earldom from his father, Henry Howard, 3rd Earl of Effingham in 1898.

Effingham was a Deputy Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire. He was a Liberal Unionist in politics. He was succeeded in the earldom by his first cousin, Gordon Howard, 5th Earl of Effingham.
John Rainey Adkins
John Rainey Adkins (December 31, 1941 – June 18, 1989) was a self-taught guitarist and songwriter from Dothan, Alabama. Adkins experienced commercial success in America during his music career in the 1960s and 1970s with the bands The Candymen and Beaverteeth. Adkins' bands played live on The Ed Sullivan Show, American Bandstand, and NBC's Midnight Special.

The Candymen
The Candymen (or the Candy Men) were an American pop quintet active 1965–1972 which prefigured the Atlanta Rhythm Section. The group were managed by Dothan, Alabama producer-songwriter Buddy Buie, and included guitarists John Rainey Adkins (who was the mainstay of the live band), plus Barry Bailey and J.R. Cobb, singer Rodney Justo, drummer Robert Nix and keyboard player Dean Daughtry. The band's chart singles included "Georgia Pines" (1967) and "Ways" (1968). Their self-titled album peaked at No. 195 in the US. They often performed as the backing band of Roy Orbison. They opened for Pink Floyd during their first US Tour in 1967.
Bolckow, Vaughan
Bolckow, Vaughan & Co., Ltd was an English ironmaking and mining company founded in 1864, based on the partnership since 1840 of its two founders, Henry Bolckow and John Vaughan. The firm drove the dramatic growth of Middlesbrough and the production of coal and iron in the north-east of England in the 19th century. The two founding partners had an exceptionally close working relationship which lasted until Vaughan's death.

By 1907, Bolckow and Vaughan was possibly the largest producer of pig iron in the world. The firm failed to modernise at the start of the 20th century, and was closed in 1929.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Panaeolus olivaceus
Panaeolus olivaceus is a widely distributed, rarely identified, little brown mushroom that contains the hallucinogen psilocybin. It is often mistaken for Panaeolus foenisecii and is distinguished by its black spore print and darker gill coloration when mature alongside a slightly thicker stem. It is even more easily mistaken for Panaeolus cinctulus or Panaeolus fimicola and can be distinguished from them both by its slightly roughened spores. It is also easily confused with Panaeolina castaneifolia, a species which has spores that are dark brown and significantly more roughened.

Panaeolus foenisecii
Panaeolus foenisecii, commonly called the haymaker's panaeolus, lawnmower's mushroom, mower's mushroom, haymaker, or brown hay mushroom, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom often found on lawns. It is not edible.
It's Never Too Late to Mend
It's Never Too Late to Mend (alternatively Never Too Late to Mend; U.S. release title Never Too Late) is a 1937 British melodrama film directed by David MacDonald and starring Tod Slaughter, Jack Livesey and Marjorie Taylor. The plot involves a villainous squire and justice of the peace who conspires to have his rival arrested on false charges.

It is based on the 1856 novel It Is Never Too Late to Mend by Charles Reade. The film was produced at Shepperton Studios as a quota quickie for release by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was popular enough to be rereleased in 1942.

The novel had been adapted as a 1922 British silent film starring Russell Thorndike as Squire Meadows.

Tod Slaughter
Norman Carter Slaughter (19 March 1885 – 19 February 1956), also known as Tod Slaughter, was an English actor, best known for playing over-the-top villains in macabre film adaptations of Victorian melodramas.
Three Fables of Love
Three Fables of Love (French: Les Quatre Vérités, Italian: Le quattro verità, Spanish: Las cuatro verdades) is a 1962 internationally co-produced comedy film starring Leslie Caron, Anna Karina and Monica Vitti. It was shown as part of a retrospective on Italian comedy at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.

Monica Vitti
Maria Luisa Ceciarelli (3 November 1931 – 2 February 2022), known professionally as Monica Vitti, was an Italian actress who starred in several award-winning films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni during the 1960s.  She appeared with Marcello Mastroianni, Alain Delon, Richard Harris, Terence Stamp, and Dirk Bogarde. On her death, Italian culture minister Dario Franceschini called her "the Queen of Italian cinema".

Vitti won five David di Donatello Awards for Best Actress, seven Italian Golden Globes for Best Actress, the Career Golden Globe, and the Venice Film Festival Career Golden Lion Award.
La mujer de mi vida (Venezuelan TV series)
La mujer de mi vida (The Woman of My Life) is a 1998 telenovela co-produced by Venezuelan television company Venevisión in conjunction with the Miami-based production company Fonovideo.

Natalia Streignard and Mario Cimarro starred as the main protagonists while Lorena Meritano and Anna Silvetti starred as the main villains.

Natalia Streignard
Natalia Martínez-Streignard y Negri (born September 9, 1970)  is a Venezuelan actress and beauty pageant titleholder who competed at Miss Venezuela 1992. Natalia is best known for her work in successful telenovelas such as El Juramento with Osvaldo Rios, La mujer de mi vida, with ex-spouse Mario Cimarro, Mi destino eres tu with Lucero and Jorge Salinas, and La Tormenta with Christian Meier, in the most famous telenovelas productions of Televisa, Venevision and Telemundo.
Liam Mellows
William Joseph Mellows (Irish: Liam Ó Maoilíosa, 25 May 1892 – 8 December 1922) was an Irish republican and Sinn Féin politician. Born in England to an English father and Irish mother, he grew up in Ashton-under-Lyne before moving to Ireland, being raised in Cork, Dublin and his mother's native Wexford. He was active with the Irish Republican Brotherhood and Irish Volunteers, and participated in the Easter Rising in County Galway and the War of Independence. Elected as a TD to the First Dáil, he rejected the Anglo-Irish Treaty. During the Irish Civil War Mellows was captured by Pro-Treaty forces after the surrender of the Four Courts in June 1922. On 8 December 1922 he was one of four senior IRA men executed by the free state Government.

Irish Volunteers
The Irish Volunteers (Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann), also known as the Irish Volunteer Force or the Irish Volunteer Army, was a paramilitary organisation established in 1913 by nationalists and republicans in Ireland. It was ostensibly formed in response to the formation of its Irish unionist/loyalist counterpart the Ulster Volunteers in 1912, and its declared primary aim was "to secure and maintain the rights and liberties common to the whole people of Ireland". Its ranks included members of the Conradh na Gaeilge (Gaelic League), Ancient Order of Hibernians, Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Increasing rapidly to a strength of nearly 200,000 by mid-1914, it split in September of that year over John Redmond's support for the British war effort during World War I, with the smaller group opposed to Redmond's decision retaining the name Irish Volunteers.
Lydia Denker
Lydia Norma Denker (born 25 December 1980, Germany) is an Australian-based pop singer-songwriter. Her second single, "One Perfect Day", was released in 2004, which peaked at No. 35 on the ARIA Singles Chart. In August 2006 Denker made the top 24 of the fourth season of Australian Idol, but did not advance to the top 12.

One Perfect Day (Lydia Denker song)
"One Perfect Day" is a song written by Phillip Buckle, David Hobson, and Paul van Dyk and recorded by Australian singer Lydia Denker as the theme to the 2004 film One Perfect Day (2004). Produced by Sam Melamed, the song is a pop rock love song. It was released as a CD single and maxi single on 16 February 2004 (see 2004 in music) and was the only song released from the soundtrack.
The Burial (film)
The Burial is a 2023 American legal drama film directed by Maggie Betts and written by Betts and Doug Wright. It is loosely based on the true story of lawyer Willie E. Gary and his client Jeremiah Joseph O'Keefe's lawsuit against the Loewen funeral company, as documented in the 1999 New Yorker article of the same name by Jonathan Harr. It stars Jamie Foxx as Gary, Tommy Lee Jones as O'Keefe, Jurnee Smollett, Mamoudou Athie, and Bill Camp.

It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2023, and was released by Amazon MGM Studios in a limited release on October 6, 2023, prior to streaming via Prime Video on October 13, 2023.

Jurnee Smollett
Jurnee Diana Smollett (born October 1, 1986) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actress appearing on television sitcoms, including On Our Own (1994–1995) and Full House (1992–1994). She gained greater recognition with her role in Kasi Lemmons's independent film Eve's Bayou (1997), which earned her a Critics' Choice Movie Award.

As an adult, Smollett starred in the films The Great Debaters (2007), Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013), and Birds of Prey (2020). Her television roles include the NBC sports drama Friday Night Lights (2009–2011), the WGN America period drama Underground (2016–2017), and the HBO fantasy horrors  True Blood (2013–2014) and Lovecraft Country (2020), receiving a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for the latter.
Nayagan (2008 film)
Nayagan (transl. Hero) is a 2008 Indian Tamil language action film directed by Saravana Sakthi, produced by Chakya Celluloid, and written by Vijaykumar Reddy.

The film stars J. K. Rithesh, Ramana, Sangeetha, Keerthi Chawla, Anita Hassanandani, and Anandaraj. It features guest appearances in item numbers by Anita Hassanandani and Rachana Maurya. The music was composed by Mariya Manohar.

The film released on 22 August 2008, was a direct remake of the Tamil film Vegam (2007) which itself was an uncredited remake of the 2004 American film Cellular. Nayagan was not a success, but Rithesh gained significant attention due to the film's extensive marketing.

Ramana (actor)
Ramana is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in Tamil and Telugu films in leading and supporting roles. He is the son of Tamil actor Vijay Babu who is known for the role of Rajinikanth's younger brother in Padikkadavan. He is the wicket keeper for the team Chennai Rhinos in Celebrity Cricket League. He was credited as Srinath in Telugu films until 2010.
Picture bride
The term picture bride refers to the practice in the early 20th century of immigrant workers (chiefly Japanese, Okinawan, and Korean) in Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States and Canada, as well as Brazil selecting brides from their native countries via a matchmaker, who paired bride and groom using only photographs and family recommendations of the possible candidates. This is an abbreviated form of the traditional matchmaking process and is similar in a number of ways to the concept of the mail-order bride.

Mail-order bride
A mail-order bride is a woman who lists herself in catalogs and is selected by a man for marriage. In the twentieth century, the trend primarily involved women living in developing countries seeking men from more developed nations. Men who list themselves in such publications are referred to as "mail-order husbands", although this is much less common. As of 2002, there were an estimated 100,000–150,000 mail order brides worldwide.

The term mail-order bride has been criticized by international marriage agencies, who nevertheless continue to use it as an easily recognizable term. Women of Asian descent have also criticized the term, which they consider stigmatizing to women in such relationships. Consequently, some researchers have rejected the term.
Clitic climbing
Clitic climbing is a phenomenon first identified in Romance languages in which a pronominal object of an embedded infinitive appears attached to the matrix verb. Pronominal objects in Romance languages are typically expressed as clitics. The following Italian example illustrates the phenomenon. The object pronoun, lo, a clitic, is attached to the infinitive in the embedded or subordinate clause in (1a). In (1b), the clitic has "climbed" to the main or matrix clause and is attached to the matrix verb. There is no discernible difference in meaning between the two forms.

Clitic climbing is found in almost all Romance languages. It is notably absent in French.

Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (/ˈklɪtɪk/ KLIT-ik, backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός enklitikós "leaning" or "enclitic") is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase. In this sense, it is syntactically independent but phonologically dependent—always attached to a host. A clitic is pronounced like an affix, but plays a syntactic role at the phrase level. In other words, clitics have the form of affixes, but the distribution of function words.

Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. Note that orthography is not always a good guide for distinguishing clitics from affixes: clitics may be written as separate words, but sometimes they are joined to the word they depend on (like the Latin clitic -que, meaning "and").