hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lynsi Snyder
Lynsi Lavelle Snyder-Ellingson  (previously Seawell, Martinez, and Torres; born May 5, 1982) is an American billionaire businesswoman, the owner and heiress of the In-N-Out Burger company. She is the only child of Lynda and H. Guy Snyder and the only grandchild of Harry and Esther Snyder, who founded In-N-Out in 1948.

According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, in 2012, Snyder was the youngest American female billionaire. As the sole beneficiary of family trusts, she received control of the company's stock in its entirety on her 35th birthday, becoming the sole owner. In 2025, Snyder ranked No. 153 on the annual Forbes 400 list of the wealthiest Americans, with a net worth of $8.7 billion.

Bloomberg Billionaires Index
The Bloomberg Billionaires Index, launched in March 2012, is a daily ranking of the world's 500 richest people based on their net worth. It features a profile of each billionaire, and includes a tool that allows users to compare the fortunes of multiple billionaires. The index is updated every day at the close of trading in New York.
Anoop Menon
Anoop Menon (born 3 August 1976) is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter and lyricist. He worked in television before acting in Malayalam films and has acted in more than 75 films.

Menon won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Supporting Actor and also the Filmfare Award for his performance as the fictional movie star Ajayachandran  in Thirakkatha. He wrote the screenplay and dialogue for films such as  Pakal Nakshatrangal (2008), Cocktail (2010), Beautiful (2011), Trivandrum Lodge (2012), and Hotel California (2013). He became a director with his debut  King Fish Malayalam movie in 2021. He directed a film named Padma released in 2022.

Cocktail (2010 film)
Cocktail is a 2010 Malayalam-language thriller film edited and directed by Arun Kumar Aravind. The film stars Jayasurya, Anoop Menon, and Samvrutha Sunil in the lead roles, while Fahadh Faasil, Aparna Nair, Innocent, and Mamukkoya play supporting roles. The film released on 22 October 2010.

The film was co-written by Anoop Menon, and is an uncredited remake of the Canadian film Butterfly on a Wheel. It was the directorial debut of film editor Arun Kumar. The film was remade in Tamil as Athithi (2014).
1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions
The Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions is an agreement to provide for a further reduction in sulphur emissions or transboundary fluxes. It is a protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and supplements the 1985 Helsinki Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions.

opened for signature - 14 June 1994

entered into force - 5 August 1998

parties - (29) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3) Poland, Russia, Ukraine

Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
The Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, often abbreviated as Air Convention or CLRTAP, is intended to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution. It is implemented by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), directed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

The convention opened for signature on November 13, 1979, and entered into force on March 16, 1983.
Fire on the Moon (Dream Command album)
Fire on the Moon is the Comsat Angels' seventh album, released in 1990 on Island Records. It was issued under the alias Dream Command, and in limited quantities in the United States and the Netherlands only. A promo-only single of "Celestine" was released in similarly small quantities.

Frontman Stephen Fellows was once asked which of the Comsats' albums was his least favorite. He replied, "Least favourite is not a Comsats album, but a Dream Command one [Fire On The Moon] – what the hell were we thinking about?"

Fire on the Moon was reissued by Edsel Records in November 2015 as part of a two-CD set which also included the 1986 album Chasing Shadows, which was recorded under the band's original name.

The Comsat Angels
The Comsat Angels were an English post-punk band from Sheffield, South Yorkshire, initially active from 1978 to 1995. Their music has been described as "abstract pop songs with sparse instrumentation, many of which were bleak and filled with some form of heartache". They have been credited as being an influence on later post-punk revival bands such as Blacklist, Bell Hollow, Editors and Interpol.

The Comsat Angels toured heavily in the UK and western Europe, especially in the Netherlands; the band's two concerts in August 1982 in Iceland had a strong influence on the music scene in Reykjavík. They also toured the United States twice. Their music has been extensively reissued and recompiled since 1995 by various record labels.
Antena 2 (Portugal)
Antena 2 is one of the three national radio channels produced by the Portuguese public broadcasting entity Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, the others being Antena 1 and Antena 3.

The channel specializes in the broadcasting of classical and world music as well as other programmes of a cultural nature.

In December 2019, it had a weekly reach share of 1.4%.

Antena 3 (Portugal)
Antena 3 is one of the three national radio channels produced by the Portuguese public broadcasting entity Rádio e Televisão de Portugal, the others being Antena 1 and Antena 2. Inaugurated on 26 April 1994, Antena 3 is distinguished by its promotion of new Portuguese music. The station has discovered and promoted some of the most important contemporary Portuguese bands.

The channel specializes in contemporary and alternative music, focusing on showcasing new artists, and features live concerts, news and chart countdown programmes.
Sylvan Esso
Sylvan Esso is an American electropop duo from Durham, North Carolina which was formed in 2013. The band consists of singer Amelia Meath (born July 2, 1988) and producer Nick Sanborn (born March 8, 1983). They made their debut with the single "Hey Mami" and released their eponymous debut album on Partisan Records on May 12, 2014. It reached No. 39 on the Billboard 200. They released their second album, What Now, with Loma Vista Recordings on April 28, 2017, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance/Electronic Album.

On August 12, 2022, Sylvan Esso released their fourth studio album, No Rules Sandy, to positive reviews on their Psychic Hotline label.

Loma Vista Recordings
Loma Vista Recordings is a record label founded by Tom Whalley, former chairman and CEO of Warner Bros. Records and Executive of A&R at Interscope Records. The label was initially a joint venture with Republic Records and is based in Beverly Hills and Brooklyn.

In July 2014, the label announced it had changed strategic partners and was now part of Concord Music Group.

Loma vista is a Spanish phrase that roughly translates to hill view in English.
Iain mac Ailein
Iain mac Ailein, or John MacLean (8 Jan 1787, Caolas, Tiree – 26 Jan 1848, Addington Forks, Antigonish County, Nova Scotia) was a poet in both Scottish Gaelic literature and in that of Canadian Gaelic. He served as the chief bard to the 15th chief of Clan MacLean of Coll. After emigrating with his family to Nova Scotia in 1819, MacLean remained a prolific poet and composed one of the most famous and most popular Scottish Gaelic emigration poems, Òran do dh' Aimearaga ("A Song to America"), which is also known as, A' Choille Ghruamach ("The Gloomy Forest"). Robert Dunbar has dubbed him, "perhaps the most important of all the poets who emigrated during the main period of Gaelic overseas emigration", which took place between 1730 and 1860.

Scottish Gaelic literature
Scottish Gaelic literature refers to literary works composed in the Scottish Gaelic language, which is, like Irish and Manx, a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Gaelic literature was also composed in Gàidhealtachd communities throughout the global Scottish diaspora where the language has been and is still spoken.
Monuments of Mars
Monuments of Mars is a third-person puzzle-platform game developed by Scenario Software for MS-DOS and compatible systems. It was published by Apogee Software. The game consists of four 20-level episodes, the first episode being shareware, the rest being commercial software. It is similar to the games Arctic Adventure and Pharaoh's Tomb (developed by George Broussard and also published by Apogee) but uses an unrelated engine.

The game was discontinued, and was released as freeware on March 20, 2009. It was re-released in 2015 on Steam with support for Windows and macOS.

Pharaoh's Tomb
Pharaoh's Tomb is an MS-DOS platform game created by George Broussard (misspelled as "Broussad") and published by Apogee Software.

The game uses CGA graphics based on the FAST (Fluid Animation Software Technology) engine. Notoriously, objects' positions are determined by their bounding volumes, not their pixel-precise positions on screen.

The game was re-released in 2015 on Steam with support for Windows and macOS.
Hot Gospel Songs
Hot Gospel Songs is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. It ranks the popularity of gospel songs using the same methodology developed for the Billboard Hot 100, the magazine's flagship songs chart, by incorporating data from the sales of downloads, streaming data, and airplay across all monitored radio stations.

From its inception in March 2005 through November 2013, the Hot Gospel Songs chart ranked the top songs only by overall audience impressions of songs played on gospel music radio stations. Beginning with the chart dated December 7, 2013, the chart follows the same methodology used for the Hot 100 to compile its rankings. The Gospel Airplay chart was launched simultaneously to continue to monitor airplay of songs on gospel radio.

The first number-one song on the chart was "We Must Praise" by J Moss in the chart dated March 19, 2005. The current number-one song on the chart is "Come Jesus Come" by CeCe Winans.

Top Gospel Albums
Top Gospel Albums is a music chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States, ranking the popularity of gospel albums. As of Tuesday, January 31, 2017 (with the charts dated February 11, 2017), it uses the same multi-metric methodology developed for the Billboard 200, which incorporates traditional album sales, track equivalent albums (TEA) and streaming equivalent albums (SEA).
Battle of Maskin
The Battle of Maskin (Arabic: معركة مسكن), also known as the Battle of Dayr al-Jathaliq (Arabic: معركة دير الجثاليق) from a nearby Nestorian monastery, was a decisive battle of the Second Fitna (680s-690s). It was fought in mid-October 691 near present-day Baghdad on the western bank of the river Tigris, between the army of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and the forces of Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr, governor of Iraq for his brother, the Mecca-based rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr.

When the battle started, most of Mus'ab's troops refused to fight, having secretly switched allegiance to Abd al-Malik, and Mus'ab's main commander, Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar, was killed in action. Mus'ab was slain soon afterward, resulting in the Umayyads' victory and recapture of Iraq, which opened the way for the Umayyad reconquest of the Hejaz (western Arabia) in late 692.

Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar
Ibrahim ibn Malik al-Ashtar ibn al-Harith al-Nakha'i (Arabic: إبراهيم بن مالك الأشتر بن الحارث النخعي, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn Mālik al-Ashtar ibn al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿī; died October 691), better known as Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar (Arabic: إبراهيم بن الأشتر, romanized: Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ashtar) was an Arab commander who fought in the service of Caliph Ali (r. 656–661) and later served the pro-Alid leader al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi. He led al-Mukhtar's forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Khazir (686) against the Umayyads under Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, who was personally slain by Ibn al-Ashtar.
Kahn Singh Nabha
Kahn Singh Nabha (30 August 1861 – 24 November 1938) was a Punjabi Sikh scholar, writer, anthologist, lexicographer, and encyclopedist. His most influential work, Mahan Kosh, inspired generations of scholars after him. He also played a role in the Singh Sabha Movement.

Mahan Kosh
Guru Shabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਸ਼ਬਦ ਰਤਨਾਕਰ ਮਹਾਨ ਕੋਸ਼), known by its more popular name of Mahan Kosh (ਮਹਾਨ ਕੋਸ਼) and by the English title Encyclopædia of the Sikh Literature, is a Punjabi language encyclopedia and dictionary which was compiled by Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha over fourteen years. It was the first Punjabi encyclopedia, it contains more than 70,000 words, some of them has sufficient reference from Guru Granth Sahib, Dasam Granth, Gur Pratap Suraj Granth and from other Sikh books. It is considered a groundbreaking work in terms of its impact and its level of scholarship.
Juan Karlos Labajo
Juan Karlos Labajo (Tagalog: [hwan ˈkaɾlos lɐˈbaho]; born February 5, 2001) is a Filipino singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Labajo rose to fame at age 13 when he finished third in the first season (2014) of The Voice Kids. He is the frontman and primary songwriter of his namesake band Juan Karlos. He has since released two studio albums as a solo artist and three studio albums with his band.

As an actor, he had supporting roles in the ABS-CBN television series Hawak-Kamay (2014), Pangako Sa 'Yo (2015–16), A Love to Last (2017), and Senior High (2023–24). He was also a celebrity housemate in the reality show Pinoy Big Brother: Lucky 7 (2016). In film, Labajo was nominated for the Gawad Urian Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Blue Room (2022). He also portrayed Senator Ninoy Aquino in the musical biopic Ako si Ninoy (2023), and the adult version of the titular kid in the coming-of-age drama film Lolo and the Kid (2024).

Hawak Kamay (TV series)
Hawak Kamay (International title: Instant Dad / transl. Hold Hands) is a 2014 Philippine television drama family series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Jerry Lopez Sineneng, Mae Czarina Cruz-Alviar, Rechie A. del Carmen, Erick C. Salud and Ricky S. Rivero, it stars Piolo Pascual, Iza Calzado, Nikki Gil, Xyriel Manabat, Andrea Brillantes, Zaijian Jaranilla and Yesha Camile. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from July 21 to November 21, 2014, replacing Mars Ravelo's Dyesebel and was replaced by Dream Dad.
Ichikawa Danjūrō I
Ichikawa Danjūrō I (初代 市川 段十郎, Shodai Ichikawa Danjūrō, 1660–1704) was an early kabuki actor in Japan. He remains today one of the most famous of all kabuki actors and is considered one of the most influential. His many influences include the pioneering of the aragoto style of acting which came to be largely associated with Edo kabuki and with Danjūrō and his successors in the Ichikawa Danjūrō line.

Like many actors, Danjūrō also dabbled in playwriting, which he did under the haimyō (poetry name) Mimasuya Hyōgo. "Mimasu" (三升) is the name for the mon of the Ichikawa family; many actors in the Danjūrō line have since used "Mimasu" or "Sansho", an alternate reading of the same characters, as their haimyō.

Ichikawa Danjūrō II
Ichikawa Danjūrō II (二代目 市川 團十郎, Nidaime Ichikawa Danjūrō; 1688–1758) was a Japanese kabuki performer in the lineage of a celebrated family of actors from the Edo region. Ichikawa Danjūrō is a stage name.
El desafío
El Desafío (1995) is a Venezuelan telenovela created by Salvador Garmendia and Martín Hahn for RCTV as a free version of the Mexican telenovela Doménica Montero from Cuban Mexican writer Inés Rodena. This telenovela lasted 113 episodes and was distributed internationally by RCTV International.

Claudia Venturini and Henry Soto star as the main protagonists with Mimi Lazo, Roberto Moll and Lucy Mendoza as the main antagonists.

Roberto Moll
Roberto Moll Cárdenas  (born 19 July 1948) is an actor who is best known for his work on telenovelas. He was born in Lima, Peru. Moll first starred with little roles in many telenovelas, but in 1985 he got a bigger role in the telenovela Cristal. Later he starred in other telenovelas like  Abigail, Carmín, Kassandra, El Desafío and Reina de Corazones.
Serge Roberge
Serge Roberge (born March 31, 1965) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played nine games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Quebec Nordiques during the 1990–91 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1985 to 2005, was spent in various minor leagues. He is the brother of former NHL player Mario Roberge.

Mario Roberge
Joseph Mario Roberge (born January 23, 1964) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played 112 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens between 1990 and 1995.
Emma Hamilton (film)
Emma Hamilton is a 1968 historical drama film directed by Christian-Jaque and starring Michèle Mercier, Richard Johnson and John Mills. It was partly based on the 1864 novel La Sanfelice by Alexandre Dumas and depicts the love affair between Emma Hamilton and Horatio Nelson. It was a co-production between Italy, West Germany and France.

John Mills
Sir John Mills CBE (born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills; 22 February 1908 – 23 April 2005) was an English actor who appeared in more than 120 films in a career spanning seven decades. He excelled on camera as an appealing British everyman who often portrayed guileless, wounded war heroes. In 1971, he received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Ryan's Daughter.

For his work in film, Mills was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1976. In 2002, he received a BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and was named a Disney Legend by The Walt Disney Company.
1912 Argentine Primera División
The 1912 Argentine Primera División was the 21st season of top-flight football in Argentina. Two tournaments were held at the same time, due to the establishment of Federación Argentina de Football (FAF), a dissident association which organised its own championship. Thus, Quilmes won the official AFA tournament, while Porteño won the FAF title.

The AFA season began on April 14 and ended on December 13 while the FAF season began on July 11 and ended on December 23.

Federación Argentina de Football
The Federación Argentina de Football (FAF) was a dissident football association of Argentina that organised its own championships from 1912 to 1914. The Argentine Football Association did not recognised those championships until both associations were merged in 1914. Currently, all the championships organised by the FAF are considered officials by the AFA.
Semiconductor laser theory
Semiconductor lasers or laser diodes play an important part in our everyday lives by providing cheap and compact-size lasers. They consist of complex multi-layer structures requiring nanometer scale accuracy and an elaborate design. Their theoretical description is important not only from a fundamental point of view, but also in order to generate new and improved designs. It is common to all systems that the laser is an inverted carrier density system. The carrier inversion results in an electromagnetic polarization which drives an electric field . In most cases, the electric field is confined in a resonator, the properties of which are also important factors for laser performance.

Semiconductor optical gain
Optical gain is the most important requirement for the realization of a semiconductor laser because it describes the optical amplification in the semiconductor material. This optical gain is due to stimulated emission associated with light emission created by recombination of electrons and holes. While in other laser materials like in gas lasers or solid state lasers, the processes associated with optical gain are rather simple, in semiconductors this is a complex many-body problem of interacting photons, electrons, and holes. Accordingly, understanding these processes is a major objective as being a basic requirement for device optimization. This task can be solved by development of appropriate theoretical models to describe the semiconductor optical gain and by comparison of the predictions of these models with experimental results found.
Suhas Patil
Suhas S. Patil (born 1944) is an Indian-American entrepreneur, academic, and venture capitalist. He founded Cirrus Logic, a fabless semiconductor company. Patil's work has covered computer architecture, parallel processing computers, very-large-scale integration devices, and integrated circuit design automation software. He also serves on the boards of The Tech Museum and the World Affairs Council of Northern California. He is known for describing the "cigarette smokers problem" for concurrent computing in 1971.

Cigarette smokers problem
The cigarette smokers problem is a classic concurrency problem in computer science, introduced by Suhas Patil in 1971. It illustrates synchronization challenges in multi-process systems, where multiple processes (smokers) compete for limited resources (ingredients) provided by a single agent. The problem is notable for its constraints, such as the immutability of the agent's behavior and the prohibition of conditional statements in solutions, which have been subjects of criticism.
Itūr-Mēr
Itūr-Mēr was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in the kingdom of Mari, and after its fall in the kingdom of Ḫana, especially in Terqa. His name is structured like a theophoric name rather than a typical theonym, which lead to the proposal that he was originally a deified hero or ancestral figure. An alternative theory considers him a hypostasis of the god Mēr, though unlike him he was not a weather deity.

The worship of Itūr-Mēr is best documented in sources from the reign of king Zimri-Lim, which include information about his temple, clergy and festivals. Based on available sources, it is assumed that in addition to serving as the tutelary god of the city of Mari he was also the divine protector of oaths, and could be invoked to heal the sick or to help with solving crimes.

Yakrub-El
Yakrub-El or Ikrub-El was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in Terqa in the kingdom of Mari in the early Old Babylonian period. Since his name is structured as if it were a theophoric personal name, is commonly assumed that he was a deified hero or ancestral figure in origin. He is absent from the sources postdating the destruction of Mari.
Kevin Gilbert (musician)
Kevin Matthew Gilbert (also known as Matthew Delgado and Kai Gilbert; November 20, 1966 – May 18, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and producer. He was best known for his solo progressive rock projects, Toy Matinee and his contributions to Tuesday Night Music Club (1993), the debut studio album of Sheryl Crow. Kevin Gilbert died from autoerotic asphyxiation. He was found dead at his Los Angeles-area home on May 18, 1996, at the age of 29.

Tuesday Night Music Club
Tuesday Night Music Club is the debut studio album from American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on August 3, 1993. The first two singles from the album were not particularly successful. However, the album gained attention after the success of the fourth single, "All I Wanna Do", based on the Wyn Cooper poem "Fun" and co-written by David Baerwald, Bill Bottrell, Sheryl Crow, and Kevin Gilbert. The single eventually reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100, propelling the album to number three on the US Billboard 200 albums chart. It has sold more than 4.5 million copies in the US as of January 2008. On the UK Albums Chart, Tuesday Night Music Club reached number eight and is certified 2× platinum.