hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kuwana-juku
Kuwana-juku (桑名宿, Kuwana-juku) was the forty-second of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It was  located in former Ise Province in what is now part of the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Miya-juku
Miya-juku (宮宿, Miya-juku) was the forty-first of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō. It is located in former Owari Province in what is now part of the Atsuta-ku section of the city of Nagoya, in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was six km from Narumi-juku, the preceding post station.
Razaviyeh
Razaviyeh (Persian: رضويه) is a city in, and the capital of, Razaviyeh District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It also serves as the administrative center for Meyami Rural District. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Kenevist.

Kenevist
Kenevist (Persian: كنويست) is a village in, and the capital of, Kenevist Rural District of the Central District of Mashhad County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. It was the capital of Meyami Rural District, until its administrative center was transferred to the city of Razaviyeh.
Ardudwy
Ardudwy (Welsh pronunciation: [arˈdɨ̞duːɨ̯]) is an area of Gwynedd in north-west Wales, lying between Tremadog Bay and the Rhinogydd. Administratively, under the old Kingdom of Gwynedd, it was first a division of the sub kingdom (cantref) of Dunoding and later a commote in its own right. The fertile swathe of land stretching from Barmouth to Harlech was historically used as pasture. The name exists in the modern community and village of Dyffryn Ardudwy.

Dyffryn Ardudwy
Dyffryn Ardudwy (Welsh pronunciation: [ˌdəfrɨ̞n arˈdɨ̞duːɨ̯]; listenⓘ) is a village, community and electoral ward in the Ardudwy area of Gwynedd, Wales. It comprises several small, almost conjoined, villages including Coed Ystumgwern, Llanenddwyn (Welsh pronunciationⓘ), Llanddwywe, Talybont and Dyffryn Ardudwy. It is situated on the main A496 coast road between Harlech and Barmouth.  The ward had a population of 1,540 according to the 2011 census.
Determinacy
Determinacy is a subfield of game theory and set theory that examines the conditions under which one or the other player of a game has a winning strategy, and the consequences of the existence of such strategies. Alternatively and similarly, "determinacy" is the property of a game whereby such a strategy exists. Determinacy was introduced by Gale and Stewart in 1950, under the name determinateness.

The games studied in set theory are usually Gale–Stewart games—two-player games of perfect information in which the players make an infinite sequence of moves and there are no draws. The field of game theory studies more general kinds of games, including games with draws such as tic-tac-toe, chess, or infinite chess, or games with imperfect information such as poker.

Wadge hierarchy
In descriptive set theory, within mathematics, Wadge degrees are levels of complexity for sets of reals. Sets are compared by continuous reductions. The Wadge hierarchy is the structure of Wadge degrees. These concepts are named after William W. Wadge.
Queen Victoria Monument, Birkenhead
The Queen Victoria Monument stands in the centre of Hamilton Square, Birkenhead, Wirral, Merseyside, England.  It is in the form of an Eleanor cross.  The memorial was designed by Edmund Kirby, and was unveiled in 1905.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Hamilton Square
Hamilton Square is a town square in Birkenhead, Wirral, England. The Georgian square, which was designed by Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, has the most Grade I listed buildings outside London (after Trafalgar Square). It is named after the family of the wife of Scottish shipbuilder William Laird.

Hamilton Square was the first part of a major civic scheme to develop the town of Birkenhead in the early 19th century. But owing to several factors, including a depressed economy and the influx of working-class labourers needing lodgings, the square become the only part of the grand design to be completed.

William Laird wanted to build an urban development similar in scale and style to New Town, Edinburgh. Hamilton Square would have had been at the centre of a planned borough that had wide, straight streets lined with late Georgian stone-clad terraced Townhouses, public buildings, and enclosed parks.
Kyrkjebø Municipality
Kyrkjebø is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. The 667-square-kilometre (258 sq mi) municipality existed from 1858 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Høyanger Municipality in the traditional district of Sogn in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Kyrkjebø. Other villages in the municipality included Vadheim, Ortnevik, Høyanger, and Bjordal.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 667-square-kilometre (258 sq mi) municipality was the 146th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Kyrkjebø Municipality was the 190th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 4,653. The municipality's population density was 7 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population had increased by 0.1% over the previous 10-year period.

Kyrkjebø (village)
Kyrkjebø is a village in Høyanger Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the Sognefjorden, about halfway between the small Vadheimsfjorden and Høyangsfjorden arms which branch off the main fjord. The village sits about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the west of the village of Austreim, about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the southwest of the village of Høyanger (the municipal centre), and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southeast of the village of Vadheim, where the European route E39 highway passes through the municipality.

The 0.29-square-kilometre (72-acre) village has a population (2025) of 239 and a population density of 824 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,130/sq mi).
Manassas Gap Railroad
The Manassas Gap Railroad (MGRR) was a railroad that ran from Mount Jackson, Virginia, to the Orange and Alexandria Railroad's Manassas Junction, which later became the city of Manassas, Virginia.  Chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1850, the MGRR was a 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) narrow gauge line whose 90 completed miles of track included 38 miles (61 km) of 60 pounds-per-yard T-rail and 52 miles (84 km) of 52 pounds-per-yard T-rail.  A total of nine locomotives and 232 cars were operated on the line, serving 20 stations.

During the American Civil War, the Confederate Army used the railroad to move troops and raid the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

An extension to Harper's Ferry was planned and partially built, though the rail was never installed. Today, several portions of that unfinished roadbed, as well as some historic culverts and masonry, remain abandoned in Fairfax County.

Winchester and Potomac Railroad
The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W&P) was a railroad in the southern United States, which ran from Winchester, Virginia, to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia (Virginia until 1863), on the Potomac River, at a junction with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O). It played a key role in early train raids of the B&O during the beginning months of the American Civil War.

The W&P Railroad was acquired by the B&O in 1902, and subsequently became part of CSX Transportation.
Leach Highway
Leach Highway is a 23-kilometre (14 mi) east-west arterial highway in the southern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia, primarily linking Kewdale and Perth Airport with the city of Fremantle.

It is allocated State Route 7 and is a dual carriageway for its entire length. Leach Highway varies in width between four and six lanes, with speed limits of 70 and 80 km/h (43 and 50 mph).

Stirling Highway
Stirling Highway is, for most of its length, a four-lane single carriageway and major arterial road between Perth, Western Australia and the port city of Fremantle in Western Australia on the northern side of the Swan River.  The speed limit is 60 km/h (37 mph).  East of Crawley, it continues as Mounts Bay Road which links Crawley and the nearby University of Western Australia to the Perth central business district.

The highway passes through several of Perth's western suburbs, such as Nedlands, Claremont, Peppermint Grove, Cottesloe and Mosman Park. It also passes the University of Western Australia in Crawley, and several private secondary schools – namely Christ Church Grammar School, Presbyterian Ladies' College and Methodist Ladies' College. In addition, major shopping areas exist at Claremont and Cottesloe, while many smaller businesses and retailers are dotted along the highway. The section of road from Cottesloe leading south runs alongside the railway.
Alliance for Securing Democracy
The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD) was a political advocacy group formed in July 2017. The Institute for Strategic Dialogue–US (ISD-US) and ASD announced in December 2025 that they would be merging under the ISD-US banner effective January 1, 2026.

The organization was chaired and run primarily by former senior United States intelligence and State Department officials. Laura Thornton, formerly of International IDEA, joined ASD as its director in May 2021. Laura Rosenberger, chair of the American Institute in Taiwan and former senior director for China on the Biden administration's National Security Council, previously served as a director of ASD. ASD was housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States and its work spanned across both the United States and Europe.

German Marshall Fund
The German Marshall Fund of the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy think tank that seeks to promote cooperation and understanding between North America and the European Union.

Founded in 1972, through a gift from the West German government on the 25th anniversary of the Marshall Plan, GMF contributes research and analysis on transatlantic and global issues; convenes policy and business leaders at international conferences; provides exchange opportunities for emerging American and European leaders; and supports initiatives that can strengthen democracies. GMF focuses on policy, leadership, and civil society.

GMF is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has offices in Berlin, Brussels, Ankara, Belgrade, Bucharest, Paris, and Warsaw.
Time bomb (software)
In computer software, a time bomb is part of a computer program that has been written so that it will start or stop functioning after a predetermined date or time is reached. The term "time bomb" does not refer to a program that stops functioning a specific number of days after it is installed; instead, the term "trialware" applies. Time bombs are commonly used in beta (pre-release) software when the manufacturer of the software does not want the beta version being used after the final release date. One example of time bomb software would be Microsoft's Windows Vista Beta 2, which was programmed to expire on May 31, 2007. The time limits on time bomb software are not usually as heavily enforced as they are on trial software, since time bomb software does not usually implement secure clock functions.

Scribe (markup language)
Scribe is a markup language and word processing system that innovated the use of descriptive markup. Scribe was notable when it was proposed, because it involved for the first time a clean separation of presentation and content.
Nicholas Penny (priest)
Christianity portal

Nicholas Penny (18 September 1674 – 18 January 1745) was Dean of Lichfield from 1730 until his death.

Penny was born in St Dunstan-in-the-West, City of London and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He held livings at Hardwick, Cambridgeshire, Hickling, Nottinghamshire and Beddington, Surrey. He died in Beddington in 1745.

Dean of Lichfield
The Dean of Lichfield is the head (primus inter pares – first among equals) and chair of the chapter of canons, the ruling body of Lichfield Cathedral. The dean and chapter are based at the Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Chad in Lichfield. The cathedral is the mother church of the Diocese of Lichfield and seat of the Bishop of Lichfield. The current dean is Jan McFarlane, since 21 September 2024.
Charles County, Maryland
Charles County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 166,617. The county seat is La Plata. The county was named for Charles Calvert (1637–1715), third Baron Baltimore. The county is part of the Southern Maryland region of the state. With a median household income of $103,678, Charles County is the 39th-wealthiest county in the United States as of 2020, and the highest-income county in the United States with a Black-majority population.

Sydney E. Mudd I
Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (February 12, 1858 – October 21, 1911) was a politician, elected as Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates (1896) and as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives (1890–1891; 1897–1911), at a time of dominance by Democrats in much of the state. He was first seated by Congress in 1890 after it found in his favor in relation to the contested 1888 election in Maryland's 5th congressional district, which was marked by fraud and intimidation.
Phycosecis limbata
Phycosecis limbata is a species of Phycosecidae beetle endemic to New Zealand. It was first described by Johan Fabricius in 1781. They are a coloured black and are covered in little punctures with setae sticking out of them. P. limbata are restricted to sandy coasts throughout New Zealand, including on the Chatham Islands. They act as scavengers that feed on carrion. Reportedly they have a high thermal tolerance and are diurnal.

Phycosecidae
Phycosecidae is a family of beetles in the superfamily Cleroidea., containing the single genus Phycosecis found in Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Vanuatu. The beetles are small, about 1.5–3.5 mm in length. They live in sandy coastal areas, and are saprophagous, feeding on faeces, carrion, and dead arthropods during the daytime.
Johann Georg Ramsauer
Johann Georg Ramsauer (7 March 1795 in Hallstatt – 14 December 1874 in Linz) was an Austrian mine operator and the director of the excavations at the Hallstatt cemetery from 1846 to 1863. He spent his life working for the state service of the mines, moving from an apprentice to Bergmeister. During this time, he lived in the Rudolfsturm, a medieval fortress, where he raised 24 children. He kept comprehensive field notes, including magnificent watercolor drawings of grave arrangements and artefacts, which were never published but rather became the protocol manuscripts.

Hallstatt
Hallstatt (German: [ˈhalʃtat] ⓘ) is a small town in the Gmunden District of the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Situated between the southwestern shore of Hallstätter See and the steep slopes of the Dachstein massif, the town lies in the Salzkammergut region, on the national road linking Salzburg and Graz.

Hallstatt is known for its production of salt, dating back to prehistoric times, and gave its name to the Hallstatt culture, the archaeological culture linked to Proto-Celtic and early Celtic people of the Early Iron Age in Europe, c. 800–450 BC.

Hallstatt is at the core of the Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape declared as one of the World Heritage Sites in Austria by UNESCO in 1997. It is an area of overtourism.
Malanville
Malanville [ma.lɑ̃.vil] is a city, arrondissement and commune in the Alibori Department of northeastern Benin, located across the River Niger from Niger. It is known as a centre of cross-border trade and has a major market. Malanville is also a centre for rice-growing. The commune covers an area of 3016 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 168,006 people.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Teamsters for a Democratic Union
Teamsters for a Democratic Union (TDU) is a grassroots rank and file organization whose goal is to reform the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), or Teamsters Union. The organization has chapters nationwide in the United States and Canada.

International Brotherhood of Teamsters
The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Formed in 1903 by the merger of the Team Drivers International Union and the Teamsters National Union, the union now represents a diverse membership of blue- and white-collar workers in both the public and private sectors, totalling about 1.3 million members in 2015. The union was formerly called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America.
Menadarva
Menadarva (Cornish: Mertherderwa, meaning grave of St Derwa) is a hamlet in the parish of Camborne, Cornwall, England, UK. The Red River flows through the hamlet and on 9 March 1885 the machinery and materials of the Menadarva Lower Tin-Stream was put up for auction.

The Norman font of the church of All Saints' Church, Tuckingmill came from the medieval chapel of St Derwa at Menadarva.

Tuckingmill, Camborne, Cornwall
Tuckingmill (Cornish: Talgarrek, meaning hill-brow of a rock) is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, which is in the civil parish of Camborne. Tucking Mill (Cornish: Melindroghya, from the verb troghya) was the Cornish term for a fulling mill which was where homespun cloth was dipped, cleansed and dressed. There is a mention of a fulling mill in this region as early as 1250. The ecclesiastical parish of Tuckingmill was constituted in 1845, being carved out of a western section of the parish of Illogan and an eastern section of Camborne parish. It covers 1,300 acres (5.3 km2).
Booyami
Booyami Inc. (also often referred by its brand names Finagraph or BBC Easy) is a provider of automation tools and business intelligence software for small business accounting. The company was founded in 2011 by a former Microsoft employee James Walter and a former vice-president of Bank of America, Corey Ross. The synergy produced BBC Easy and Finagraph — two technological solutions for small business that offer strategic financial intelligence and streamline obtaining business loans. After Moody's acquisition of the stake in Booyami in May 2016, Booyami announced that it now intends to expand its Finagraph service to medium-size businesses.

Borrowing base
Borrowing base is an accounting metric used by financial institutions to estimate the available collateral on a borrower's assets in order to evaluate the size of the credit that may be extended. Typically, the calculation of borrowing base is used for revolving loans, and the borrowing base determines the maximum credit line available to the borrower. Occasionally, borrowing base is also used to determine the maximum size of a term loan. Depending on the contractual terms of the loan, the assets included in the calculation of the borrowing base may be used as collateral for the loan.
Monreal, Germany
Monreal (German pronunciation: [mɔnʁeˈaːl]) is a municipality in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Above the village are the ruined castles of Löwenburg and Philippsburg.

Löwenburg and Philippsburg
On a hill spur above the Eifel village of Monreal in Germany's Elzbach valley, at a height of 350 m above sea level (NHN), stand two neighbouring ruined hill castles: the Löwenburg, also called Monreal Castle (German: Burg Monreal), and the Philippsburg. The latter is also known locally as das Rech (the Deer).
Hege Schøyen
Hege Schøyen (born 22 May 1957 in Oslo) is a Norwegian singer, actor and comedian. She has played at the Oslo revue theatre Chat Noir and at Nationaltheatret. She was television presenter for the youth program series Midt i smørøyet at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, and has participated in several Swedish and Norwegian films. She was awarded the Leonard Statuette for 1998.

Schøyen is the niece of Norwegian actor Jon Skolmen. They were both in the 1991 Swedish comedy Den ofrivillige golfaren, where they were supposed to play lovers. The characters' on-screen relationship was toned down to a near friendship to make the two actors less uncomfortable.

Leonard Statuette
Leonardstatuetten (Leonard Statuette) is a prize awarded by the Norwegian Comedy Writers' Association. The award is named after revue instructor, composer and director Einar Leonard Schanke  (1927–1992), who was one of Norway's most important revue personalities. The prize is regarded the highest distinction in Norwegian revue. Awarded from 1968 to 2013, the statuette was given to persons with a significant and lasting importance to Norway's entertainment industry. The statuette was again awarded in 2019, when Eldar Vågan was the recipient.
Money Money 2020 Part II: We Told Ya So!
Money Money 2020 Part II: We Told Ya So! is the second studio album by American new wave band the Network, a side-project featuring the members of Green Day. It was released on December 4, 2020, and was their first new album after seventeen years, following several weeks of subtle teases by the band via social media and several music videos from the promotional EP, Trans Am.

Mike Dirnt
Michael Ryan Pritchard (born May 4, 1972), better known by his stage name Mike Dirnt, is an American rock musician who is the co-founder, bassist, backing vocalist, and occasional lead vocalist of Green Day. He has also played in several other bands, including the Frustrators. His stage name Dirnt was originally a nickname that his friends from grade school gave him, as he constantly played "air bass/guitar" and made a "dirnt, dirnt, dirnt" noise while pretending to pluck the strings. Mike Dirnt as well has four signature basses, including the American Fender, Mexican Fender, Mexican road worn Fender, and the new Epiphone Grabber G-3.
Oluodo
Aláàfin Olúodò was an Aláàfin of Ọ̀yọ́ who died shortly after being crowned. He ruled the Oyo kingdom in the early 17th century and was preceded by Ọbalókun and succeeded by Àjàgbó. Olúodò continued the efforts and policies of Ọbalókun of both expansion and encroaching on the global market.

Ajagbo
Àjàgbó was a warlike Aláàfin of the West African Oyo Empire, who allegedly reigned for 140 years in the seventeenth century.

He was reportedly born a twin to his brother Ajampati with his maternal town being  Ikereku-were, which is said to have later been destroyed.
Varangerhalvøya National Park
Varangerhalvøya National Park (Norwegian: Varangerhalvøya nasjonalpark) lies on the Varanger Peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Båtsfjord, Nesseby, Vadsø, and Vardø, in the northeasternmost part of Norway. The peninsula was earlier the largest area within the Arctic climate zone in mainland Norway, but with the 1991-2020 normals, much of the area is now considered to be a boreal climate rather than arctic. Much of the area is still alpine tundra.

Nesseby Municipality
Unjárga (Northern Sami) or Nesseby (Norwegian) (also unofficially Uuniemi in Kven and Finnish) is a municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Varangerbotn. Other villages in Nesseby include Gandvik, Karlebotn, Nesseby, Grasbakken and Nyelv. The European route E06 and European route E75 highways intersect at Varangerbotn in Nesseby.

The 1,437-square-kilometre (555 sq mi) municipality is the 62nd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Nesseby is the 344th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 859. The municipality's population density is 0.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 6.5% over the previous 10-year period.

In popular culture: The municipality has been the main set of movies, as late as the 2020s.