hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blocking of humanitarian aid
Blocking of humanitarian aid can result in several ways. It can be imposed on a region by foreign governments or non-state actors, but it can also result from the lack of consent for assistance by the host nation. Blocking of humanitarian aid to intentionally cause destruction of part or all of a population can amount to the crime against humanity of extermination. If, however, the humanitarian aid (e.g., medical supplies, food, clothing) is systematically diverted for military use by enemy combatants during war, then allowing the passage of humanitarian aid is not required, as explained in Article 23 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. There are different interpretations of how the requirement of proportionality should determine the extent to which a siege to block such aid can legally be carried out.

Extermination (crime)
Extermination is a crime against humanity that consists of "the act of killing on a large scale". To be convicted of this crime, someone must play a role in a sufficiently-large scale killing of civilians, including those carried out by  "the intentional infliction of conditions of life... calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population".  It was first prosecuted at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, and was included in the enumerated crimes against humanity in the Rome Statute.
Science Magazine (TV series)
Science Magazine was a half-hour television show produced by CBC Television from 1975 to 1979.

The show was hosted by geneticist David Suzuki, who had previously hosted the daytime youth programme Suzuki On Science. Science Magazine moved beyond the youth audience and was mostly broadcast during prime time, except for occasional sessions where the show was repeated in the afternoon.

The program featured news and features on scientific research and developments. Regular items within the show included "How Things Work" and "Science Update". Jan Tennant and Cy Strange of the CBC were the program's film feature narrators.

Science Magazine, as such, ended production when the CBC joined it with The Nature of Things, using the latter as the title and Suzuki as host.

The Nature of Things
The Nature of Things (formerly, The Nature of Things with David Suzuki) is a Canadian television series of documentary programs. It debuted on CBC Television on 6 November 1960. Many of the programs document nature and the effect that humans have on it, although the program's overall scope includes documentaries on any aspect of science. The program "was one of the first mainstream programs to present scientific evidence on a number of environmental issues, including nuclear power and genetic engineering".

The series is named after an epic poem by Roman philosopher Lucretius: "De rerum natura"—On the Nature of Things.
Ireland national rugby union team
The Ireland national rugby union team represents the island of Ireland — both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland — in rugby union. Ireland competes in the annual Six Nations Championship and in the Rugby World Cup. Ireland is one of the four unions that make up the British & Irish Lions.

The Ireland national team dates to 1875, when they played their first international match against England. Ireland reached number 1 in the World Rugby Rankings for the first time in 2019; the team returned to number 1 for a second time on 18 July 2022 and did not relinquish the top spot until 2 October 2023. Twelve former Ireland players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame.

2018 Six Nations Championship
The 2018 Six Nations Championship (known as the Natwest 6 Nations for sponsorship reasons) was the 19th Six Nations Championship, the annual international rugby union tournament for the six major European rugby union nations.

The championship was contested by France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland, Wales and defending champions England. Including the competition's previous iterations as the Home Nations Championship and Five Nations Championship, it was the 124th edition of the tournament.

The Championship was won by Ireland on 10 March 2018, with their four wins (three with try bonus points) from the first four matches sufficient to place them out of reach of the other participants ahead of the final round. This was the third tournament running where the championship and Wooden Spoon had been decided by the end of round four. After a 24–15 victory against England on the final day, Ireland secured a Grand Slam, their third ever, alongside a Triple Crown.
Joanne Santos-Quintas
Joanne Zapanta Santos-Quintas (born October 27, 1976) is a Filipino actress and beauty pageant titleholder who won the Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1995 at the age of 18. She then participated in Miss Universe 1995.

Binibining Pilipinas
Binibining Pilipinas (abbreviated as Bb. Pilipinas or BBP; transl. Miss Philippines) is the oldest active national beauty pageant in the Philippines. Founded in 1964, it currently selects Filipina representatives to compete in one of the Big Four international beauty pageants—Miss International, as well as representatives to other international pageants, such as The Miss Globe.
Hunterston B nuclear power station
Hunterston B nuclear power station is a shut-down AGR nuclear power station in North Ayrshire, Scotland. Located about six miles (ten kilometres) south of Largs and about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 kilometres) northwest of West Kilbride on the Firth of Clyde coast. It is currently operated by EDF Energy. The station began producing electricity in 1976, and was permanently shut down in 2022.

Hunterston B is similar in design to sister station Hinkley Point B, which ceased operations in August 2022.

West Kilbride
West Kilbride (Scottish Gaelic: Cille Bhrìghde an Iar) is a village and historic parish in North Ayrshire, Scotland, on the west coast by the Firth of Clyde, looking across the Firth of Clyde to Goat Fell and the Isle of Arran. West Kilbride and adjoining districts of Seamill and Portencross are generally considered to be a small town, having a combined population of 4,393 at the 2001 census.
Lyubov Sokolova (volleyball)
Lyubov Vladimirovna Sokolova (Russian: Любо́вь Влади́мировна Соколо́ва (Шашко́ва), also known as Lyubov Kılıç and formerly known as Lyubov Shashkova, born 4 December 1977) is a Russian retired volleyball player, Honored Master of Sports of Russia. She was a member of the national team that won gold medals at the 2006 and 2010 World Championships in Japan, and silver medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Additionally, she’s the only volleyball player who has won two world titles in the same year: 2010 World Championship with Russia and 2010 World Club Championship with Fenerbahçe

1999 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 1999 FIVB World Grand Prix was the seventh women's volleyball tournament of its kind. It was held over three weeks in four cities throughout Asia, cumulating with the final round in Yu Xi, PR China, from 27 to 29 August 1999.
Saritphong Dam
The Saritphong Dam (Thai: สรีดภงค์), also known as Phra Ruang Dam, (Thai: ทำนบพระร่วง), is a dam dating back to the Sukhothai Kingdom. It is in the southwest of the UNESCO World Heritage Sukhothai Historical Park in the Mueang Kao Subdistrict of Mueang Sukhothai District of Sukhothai Province in northern Thailand. The Saritphong Dam was built in the 14th century to provide water to the capital of the ancient kingdom Sukhothai.

Sukhothai Historical Park
Sukhothai Historical Park (Thai: อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์สุโขทัย (Pronunciation)) covers the ruins of Sukhothai, literally 'dawn of happiness', capital of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 13th and 14th centuries, in north central Thailand. It is near the city of Sukhothai Thani, capital of Sukhothai province.

The city's walls form a rectangle about 2 km (1.2 mi) east-west by 1.6 km (0.99 mi) north-south. There are 193 ruins on 70 km2 (27 sq mi) of land. There is a gate in the centre of each wall. Inside are the remains of the royal palace and twenty-six temples, the largest being Wat Mahathat. The park is maintained by the Fine Arts Department of Thailand with help from UNESCO, which has declared it a World Heritage Site. Each year, the park welcomes thousands of visitors.
Potonggang-guyok
Potonggang-guyok is one of the 18 districts, or guyok, and an artficial island of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is best known as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It takes its name from the Pothong River (literally "the simple river"), which forms the district's boundary. Potonggang is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.

Moranbong-guyok
Moranbong-guyŏk (Korean: 모란봉구역), or the Moranbong District, is one of the 18 guyŏk which constitute the capital city of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is located north of Chung-guyok, the city's central district, and is bordered to the north by Sosong and Taesong-guyoks, to the east by the Taedong River, and the west by the Pothonggang Canal and Potonggang-guyok. It is named after Moran Hill, located in the district's west area – Moran (Korean for 'peony'). It was designated a guyŏk in October 1960 by the Pyongyang City People's Committee.
Monorail
A monorail is an urban rail transit type in which trains run on or are suspended above a single rail or beam structure to transport people. They have an intermediate transport capacity at the regional and metropolitan level, generally greater than that of the tram and less than that of the rapid transit.

Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track. Monorail systems are most frequently implemented in large cities, airports, and theme parks.

Suspension railway
A suspension railway is a form of elevated monorail in which the vehicle is suspended from a fixed track (as opposed to a cable used in aerial tramways), which is built above streets, waterways, or existing railway track.
Upper Dart
Upper Dart is a section of the River Dart, Dartmoor. It is perhaps the second most popular section of whitewater for kayakers and canoeists in England, particularly for experienced paddlers. This section is followed on by the Dart Loop.

Newbridge, River Dart
Newbridge or New Bridge is a Grade II* listed medieval bridge over the River Dart, Dartmoor, Devon, England.

It is on the road between Ashburton and Two Bridges, and connects Aish Tor to Holne Chase. A car park is located next to the bridge and is often frequented by families, walkers, and watersports enthusiasts, though the narrowness of both this bridge and Holne Bridge means that the size of vehicles is restricted on this road.

The bridge is constructed of local granite and has three semicircular arches, one smaller than the others. It was built in 1413, at the same time as the nearby Holne Bridge was reconstructed. The two pillars have cutwaters to deflect the flow of water; these extend up to road level and provide triangular refuges for pedestrians.
Divisor function
In mathematics, and specifically in number theory, a divisor function is an arithmetic function related to the divisors of an integer. When referred to as the divisor function, it counts the number of divisors of an integer (including 1 and the number itself). It appears in a number of remarkable identities, including relationships on the Riemann zeta function and the Eisenstein series of modular forms. Divisor functions were studied by Ramanujan, who gave a number of important congruences and identities; these are treated separately in the article Ramanujan's sum.

A related function is the divisor summatory function, which, as the name implies, is a sum over the divisor function.

Euler's constant
Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma (γ), defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm, denoted here by log:

Here, ⌊·⌋ represents the floor function.

The numerical value of Euler's constant, to 50 decimal places, is:
Caragh
Caragh or Carragh (Irish: Ceárach) is a village in County Kildare, Ireland. It is located on the R409 regional road between the River Liffey and the Grand Canal and is located 6.1 km north-west of Naas. The village is also 7.9 km from Clane and 10.6 km from Newbridge.

Caragh is also the name of the parish that includes the village itself, surrounding townlands, and the village of Prosperous, about 3 km northwest of Caragh.

Kildare South (Dáil constituency)
Kildare South is a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas. The constituency elects four deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Archdiocese of Chieti-Vasto
The Archdiocese of Chieti-Vasto (Latin: Archidioecesis Theatina-Vastensis; Italian: Arcidiocesi di Chieti-Vasto; Neapolitan: Arcidiocesi 'e Chiete-Vasto) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church which received that name in 1986, when the two separate dioceses, which had been governed by one and the same bishop, were united in one diocese. The diocese of Chieti had become the Archdiocese of Chieti in 1526, when promoted by Pope Clement VII. Chieti is about 8 miles (14 km) south-west of the Adriatic port city of Pescara.

Theatines
The Theatines, officially named the Congregation of Clerics Regular (Latin: Ordo Clericorum Regularium; abbreviated CR), are members of a Catholic order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men. The order was founded in virtue of faculties granted by Pope Clement VII on 24 June 1524 in the Brief Exponi Nobis.
David Grimm (architect)
David Ivanovich Grimm (Russian: Дави́д Ива́нович Гримм; 3 April [O.S. 22 March] 1823 – 21 November [O.S. 9 November] 1898) was a Russian architect, educator and historian of art specialising in the Byzantine Empire, Georgia and Armenia. Grimm belonged to the second generation of Russian neo-Byzantine architects and was the author of Orthodox cathedrals in Tbilisi, Chersonesos and smaller churches in Russia and Western Europe. Grimm was a long-term professor at the Imperial Academy of Arts and chaired its department of architecture in 1887–1892.

Chersonesus Cathedral
The Saint Vladimir Cathedral (Russian: Владимирский собор) or Saint Volodymyr Cathedral (Ukrainian: Володимирський собор) is a Neo-Byzantine Russian Orthodox cathedral on the site of Chersonesos Taurica on the outskirts of Sevastopol, on the Crimean Peninsula. It commemorates the presumed place of St. Vladimir's baptism.
Tea Tree Gully, South Australia
Tea Tree Gully (TTG) is a suburb in the greater Adelaide, South Australia area, under the City of Tea Tree Gully. Tea Tree Gully is in the City of Tea Tree Gully local government area, the South Australian House of Assembly electoral district of Newland and the Australian House of Representatives Division of Makin.

City of Tea Tree Gully
The City of Tea Tree Gully is a local council in the Australian state of South Australia, in the outer north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide. The major business district in the city is at Modbury, where Westfield Tea Tree Plaza, Modbury Hospital, the Civic Centre and the library are located.

Howard, Lord Florey, Australian pathologist and co-discoverer of penicillin, was a resident of the City of Tea Tree Gully.
Dependency (project management)
In a project network, a dependency is a link among a project's terminal elements.

The A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) does not define the term dependency, but refers for this term to a logical relationship, which in turn is defined as dependency between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.

Work breakdown structure
A work-breakdown structure (WBS) in project management and systems engineering is a breakdown of a project into smaller components. It is a key project management element that organizes the team's work into manageable sections. The Project Management Body of Knowledge defines the work-breakdown structure as a "hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables.": 434

A WBS provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimation and control while providing guidance for schedule development and control.
Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Rockingham County, Virginia
Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,757. Its county seat is the independent city of Harrisonburg.

Along with Harrisonburg, Rockingham County forms the Harrisonburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also home of the Rockingham County Baseball League.
Killiney Hill
Killiney Hill (Irish: Cnoc Chill Iníon Léinín) is the southernmost of the two hills which form the southern boundary of Dublin Bay, the other being Dalkey Hill. These two hills form part of Killiney Hill Park.

Crowned by a monument, Killiney Hill is 153 metres high and has views over the surrounding areas: Dublin to the northwest; the Irish Sea and the mountains of Wales (on a clear day) to the east and southeast; and Bray Head and the Wicklow Mountains to the south. The hill was higher in the past but material was removed from the summit for the construction of the pier at Dún Laoghaire. The obelisk was completed in 1742 and commemorates the victims of the Irish Famine of 1740-41.

Killiney railway station
Killiney railway station (Irish: Stáisiún Chill Iníon Léinín) is a station that serves Killiney in County Dublin, Ireland.

The station lies on the DART line. The entrance to the station is via Station Road. It is located about two minutes walk to Killiney Beach.
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Dominica)
This is a list of foreign ministers of Dominica.

1978–1979: Leo Irving Austin

1979–1980: Oliver Seraphin

1980–1990: Eugenia Charles

1990–1995: Brian G. K. Alleyne

1995–1998: Edison James

1998–2000: Norris Charles

2000: Rosie Douglas

2000–2001: Pierre Charles

2001–2005: Osborne Riviere

2005–2007: Charles Savarin

2007–2008: Roosevelt Skerrit

2008–2010: Vince Henderson

2010–2014: Roosevelt Skerrit

2014–2019: Francine Baron

2019–2022: Kenneth Darroux

2022–present: Vince Henderson

Eugenia Charles
Dame Mary Eugenia Charles (15 May 1919 – 6 September 2005) was a Dominican politician who was Prime Minister of Dominica from 21 July 1980 until 14 June 1995. The first woman lawyer in Dominica, she was Dominica's first, and to date only, woman prime minister. She was the second woman prime minister in the Caribbean after Lucina da Costa of the Netherlands Antilles. She was the first woman in the Americas to be elected in her own right as head of government. She served for the second longest period of any Dominican prime minister, and was the world's fifth longest-serving woman prime minister or head of government, behind Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh, Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, Angela Merkel of Germany and Indira Gandhi of India.

She was also described as the "Iron Lady of the Caribbean".
José de Jesús Alfaro
José de Jesús Alfaro was a legitmist Nicaraguan politician who served as provisional Supreme Director of Nicaragua in Granada after the sudden death of José Francisco del Montenegro from 11 August to 2 November 1851.

On 5 August 1851, José Trinidad Muñoz staged a coup against Laureano Pineda and forced him and his cabinet to leave from León to Honduras. Muñoz appointed José Francisco de Montenegro in Granada, but he died suddenly on 11 August and Alfaro took office. During this period, there were three Supreme Directors, Pineda in dissidence from Honduras, Alfaro in Granada and Justo Abaunza in León.

On 2 November 1851 militia under Fruto Chamorro supported by the returning Pineda from Honduras with help from Juan Lindo began to siege León. Abaunza surrendered followed by Alfaro in Granada handing over power to Fulgencio Vega and Pineda.

Laureano Pineda
José Laureano Pineda Ugarte (4 July 1802 – 17 September 1853) was a Nicaraguan lawyer and politician who, as a Senator in the Legislative Assembly and member of the Democratic Party, was appointed to serve as 7th and later 8th Supreme Director of the State of Nicaragua on three occasions. originally elected on 1 April 1851, later in dissidence in Honduras after being removed from office as a result of a military coup led by José Trinidad Muñoz, and finally alongside Fulgencio Vega from 11 November the same year.
Energy forecasting
Energy forecasting includes forecasting demand (load) and price of electricity, fossil fuels (natural gas, oil, coal) and renewable energy sources (RES; hydro, wind, solar). Forecasting can be both expected price value and probabilistic forecasting.

Global Energy Forecasting Competition
The Global Energy Forecasting Competition (GEFCom) is a competition conducted by a team led by Dr. Tao Hong that invites submissions around the world for forecasting energy demand. GEFCom was first held in 2012 on Kaggle, and the second GEFCom was held in 2014 on CrowdANALYTIX.
Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: γρύψ, romanized: grýps; Classical Latin: gryps or grypus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.

UPM (company)
UPM-Kymmene Oyj is a Finnish forest industry company. UPM-Kymmene was formed by the merger of Kymmene Corporation with Repola Oy and its subsidiary United Paper Mills Ltd in 1996. UPM consists of six business areas: UPM Fibres, UPM Energy, UPM Raflatac, UPM Specialty Papers, UPM Communication Papers and UPM Plywood. The Group employs around 17,000 people and it has production plants in 11 countries. UPM shares are listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki stock exchange. UPM is the only paper company listed in the global Dow Jones Sustainability Index and also a member of the United Nations Global Compact organization.

UPM is the owner and maintainer of the Verla mill, which has been a museum since 1972 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.
Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals
The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals is one of the two highest judicial bodies in the U.S. state of Oklahoma and is part of the Oklahoma Court System, the judicial branch of the Oklahoma state government.

As of 2011, the court meets in the Oklahoma Judicial Center, having previously met in the Oklahoma State Capitol.

Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission
The Oklahoma Judicial Nominating Commission is the judicial nominating commission of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It selects potential justices and judges for gubernatorial appointments for judges for state appellate courts.