hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Valdepeñas
Valdepeñas is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is also the seat of the judicial district that covers the localities of Moral de Calatrava, Santa Cruz de Mudela, Viso del Marqués, Torrenueva, Castellar de Santiago and Almuradiel.

Developed in the 13th century under the auspices of the Order of Calatrava, its emergence is connected to the depopulation of the nearby settlements of Santa María, Aberturas, and Corral Rubio. It possesses a traditional wine industry. It lies on the road (A-4) and rail (Alcázar de San Juan–Cádiz railway) route traditionally connecting the Meseta Central with Andalusia through the Despeñaperros Pass.

Castellar de Santiago
Castellar de Santiago is a Spanish municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha. It is located southeast of Valdepeñas, about 150 kilometres from the closest large city, Córdoba, and 212 kilometres from Madrid. The village lies on the northern slope of the Sierra Morena mountain range. The area has abundant olive trees and holm oak trees. The Moors were impressed by its forestation and named it Mata de Vencáliz (Vencáliz Forest).

Castellar de Santiago celebrates several festivals through the year, mostly in the spring and summer months. The most significant is the Festival of the Bonfires from 13 to 16 September. It commemorates the Holy Christ of Mercy, which is the patron saint of Castellar. The closing ceremony on the night of the 16th features a fireworks display.
William Butten
William Butten was a young indentured servant of Samuel Fuller, a long-time leader of the Leiden Church. Butten died during the voyage of the Mayflower while traveling with Fuller, who had been appointed doctor for the group. At that time, children and young men were routinely rounded up from the streets of London or taken from poor families receiving church relief to be used as laborers in the colonies. Butten was sick the entire voyage and died on November 6, 1620 at sea when near the coast of New England.

Samuel Fuller (Pilgrim)
Samuel Fuller (c. 1580/81 – between August 9 and September 26, 1633, in Plymouth) was a passenger on the historic 1620 voyage of the Pilgrim ship Mayflower and became a respected church deacon and the physician for Plymouth Colony.
Big Goose Creek
Big Goose Creek is a significant waterway in Sheridan County, Wyoming. The creek originates from Park Reservoir, southwest of Sheridan in the Bighorn Mountains. It flows northeasterly through canyons on the east face of the mountains before eventually reaching the Powder River Basin. The creek is the primary water source for Sheridan and the surrounding communities. In the town of Sheridan, it joins "Little Goose Creek" near Dow and Val Vista Street.

The creek’s upper reaches cut through Precambrian basement rock, consisting primarily of quartz monzonite and gneiss.
Once it reaches the canyons of the Bighorns, it flows through Bighorn Dolomite and the fossil-rich Madison Limestone. Once across the Bighorn Fault, the creek enters the Powder River Basin, where the gradient decreases and the stream begins to meander through the Eocene-aged Wasatch Formation.

Park Reservoir (Wyoming)
Park Reservoir is a high-altitude lake tucked away in the Bighorn Mountains of northern Wyoming. It sits at an elevation of roughly 8,268 feet (2,520 m) within the Bighorn National Forest. The reservoir is primarily used for irrigation, storage, and recreation.
Park Reservoir feeds Big Goose Creek, which is the town of Sheridan, Wyoming's primary water supply. The reservoir is located roughly 20 miles south of Sheridan, straddling the boundary between Sheridan and Johnson counties. Access is primarily via Red Grade Road (State Highway 26), a steep, unpaved route that originates near the town of Big Horn. The reservoir has a capacity of 12,500 acre-feet.
EN (cuneiform)
En (Borger 2003 nr. 164 ; U+12097 𒂗, see also Ensí) is the Sumerian cuneiform for 'lord/lady' or 'priest[ess]'. Originally, it seems to have been used to designate a high priest or priestess of a Sumerian city-state's patron-deity – a position that entailed political power as well. It may also have been the original title of the ruler of Uruk. See Lugal, ensi and en for more details.

Deities including En as part of their name include DEnlil, DEnki, DEngurun, and DEnzu.

Enheduanna, Akkadian 2285 BC – 2250 BC was the first known holder of the title En, here meaning 'Priestess'.

Lord
Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are entitled to courtesy titles. The collective "Lords" can refer to a group or body of peers.
Alabama Claims
The Alabama Claims were a series of demands for damages sought by the government of the United States from the United Kingdom in 1869, for the attacks upon Union merchant ships by Confederate Navy commerce raiders built in British shipyards during the American Civil War. The claims focused chiefly on the most famous of these raiders, the CSS Alabama, which took more than sixty prizes before she was sunk off the French coast in 1864.

After international arbitration endorsed the American position in 1872, Britain settled the matter by paying the United States $15.5 million, ending the dispute and leading to a treaty that restored friendly relations between Britain and the United States. That international arbitration established a precedent, and the case aroused interest in codifying public international law. The case too resulted in the warming of relations between Britain and the US, which had begun the 1800s as rivals, and ended the century as something of partners.

CSS Alabama
CSS Alabama was a screw sloop-of-war built in 1862 for the Confederate States Navy. She was built in Birkenhead on the River Mersey opposite Liverpool, England, by John Laird Sons and Company. Launched as Enrica, she was fitted out as a cruiser and commissioned as CSS Alabama on August 24, 1862. Under Captain Raphael Semmes, Alabama served as a successful commerce raider, attacking, capturing, and burning Union merchant and naval ships in the North Atlantic, as well as intercepting American grain ships bound for Europe. The Alabama continued through the West Indies and further into the East Indies, destroying over seven ships before returning to Europe. On June 11, 1864, the Alabama arrived at Cherbourg, France, where she was overhauled.  Shortly after, a Union sloop-of-war, USS Kearsarge, arrived; and on June 19,  the Battle of Cherbourg commenced outside the port of Cherbourg, France, whereby the Kearsarge sank the Alabama in approximately one hour after the Alabama's opening shot.
Carson Coffman
Carson Coffman (born April 29, 1988) is an American former professional football quarterback. Coffman was the starting quarterback for the Kansas State Wildcats in 2009 and 2010.  He took over the starting position after the departure of Josh Freeman, and again after the departure of Grant Gregory. He is the brother of Cameron Coffman, a 2011 high school quarterback prospect and Chase Coffman, former Missouri standout who formerly played tight end for the Seattle Seahawks and several other NFL teams. Carson is also the son of former Kansas State standout and NFL tight end Paul Coffman.

Paul Coffman
Paul Randolph Coffman (born March 29, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for 11 seasons with the Green Bay Packers, Kansas City Chiefs, and Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). After attending high school in Chase, Kansas, he played college football for the Kansas State Wildcats, joining as a walk-on and playing tight end for four years. After completing college, Coffman became an undrafted free agent and joined the Packers. He was a three-time Pro Bowl selection. In 1994, he was inducted into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame.
Tajia Township, Qinghai
Thagya Tibetan Township (Tibetan: ཐ་རྒྱ་བོད་རིགས་ཞང་།, Chinese: 塔加藏族乡) or Tajia Township, is a township in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Haidong, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Tajia Township had a total population of 3,938: 1,999 males and 1,939 females: 950 aged under 14, 2,700 aged between 15 and 65 and 288 aged over 65.

Hualong Hui Autonomous County
Hualong Hui Autonomous County (simplified Chinese: 化隆回族自治县; traditional Chinese: 化隆回族自治縣; pinyin: Huàlóng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn; Xiao'erjing: خُوَلْو خُوِذُو ذِجِشِیًا‎) is a county in the east of Qinghai Province, China. It is under the administration of Haidong City. Its area is 2,790 square kilometers and has a population of 203,317 in 2010.
RAF Regiment
The Royal Air Force Regiment (RAF Regiment) is part of the Royal Air Force and functions as a specialist corps. Founded by Royal Warrant in 1942, the Corps carries out security tasks relating to the protection of assets and personnel dedicated to the delivery of air power.

RAF Regiment 'Gunners' are personnel trained in various disciplines such as infantry tactics, force protection, field craft, sniper, support to special forces operations, CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) defence, equipped with advanced vehicles and detection measures. RAF Regiment instructors are responsible for training all Royal Air Force personnel in basic force protection such as first aid, weapon handling and CBRN skills.

The regiment and its members are known within the RAF as "The Regiment", "Rock Apes" or "Rocks".

No. 15 Squadron RAF Regiment
No. 15 Squadron RAF Regiment is a field squadron of the RAF Regiment in the Royal Air Force. Its mission is protection of RAF bases from ground attack. The squadron's headquarters is at RAF Marham, having moved from RAF Honington.
Malaysia Federal Route 53
Federal Route 53, or Jalan Seremban–Port Dickson, is a federal road in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, connecting Seremban to Port Dickson. The 33.2 km (20.6 mi) Federal Route 53 became the backbone of the road system linking Seremban to Port Dickson before being surpassed by the Seremban–Port Dickson Highway (E29) in 1998.

The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 53 is located at Port Dickson, at its interchange with the Federal Route 5, the main trunk road of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The Kilometre Zero monument is erected near Pos Malaysia post office at Jalan Baharu, Port Dickson.

Port Dickson
2°31′N 101°48′E﻿ / ﻿2.517°N 101.800°E﻿ / 2.517; 101.800

Port Dickson (Negeri Sembilan Malay: Podeksen), colloquially referred to as PD, is a beach resort in Port Dickson District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. It is the second largest urban area in the state after Seremban, the state capital. The town's administration is run by the Port Dickson Municipal Council (Malay: Majlis Perbandaran Port Dickson; MPPD), formerly known as the Port Dickson Sanitary Board (Malay: Lembaga Kesihatan Port Dickson) from 29 March 1928 until 28 February 1950, Port Dickson Town Board (Malay: Lembaga Bandaran Port Dickson) from 1 March 1950 until 30 November 1979, and Port Dickson District Council (Malay: Majlis Daerah Port Dickson) from 1 December 1979 until 1 February 2002.
French phonology
French phonology is the sound system of French. This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French. Notable phonological features include the uvular r present in some accents, nasal vowels, and three processes affecting word-final sounds:

liaison, a specific instance of sandhi in which word-final consonants are not pronounced unless they are followed by a word beginning with a vowel;

elision, in which certain instances of /ə/ (schwa) are elided (such as when final before an initial vowel);

enchaînement (resyllabification), in which word-final and word-initial consonants may be moved across a syllable boundary, with syllables crossing word boundaries.

An example of the above is this:

Written: On a laissé la fenêtre ouverte.

Meaning: "We left the window open."

In isolation: /ɔ̃ a lɛse la fənɛːtʁə uvɛʁtə/

Together: [ɔ̃.na.le.se.la.fnɛ.tʁu.vɛʁt(ə)]

History of French
French is a Romance language (meaning that it is descended primarily from Vulgar Latin) that specifically is classified under the Gallo-Romance languages.

The discussion of the history of a language is typically divided into "external history", describing the ethnic, political, social, technological, and other changes that affected the languages, and "internal history", describing the phonological and grammatical changes undergone by the language itself.
Tunceli Province
Tunceli Province (Turkish: Tunceli ili), formerly Dersim Province (Kurdish: Parêzgeha Dêrsim; Zazaki: Dêsim wilayet; Armenian: Տէրսիմի մարզ), is a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Its central city is Tunceli. The province has a Kurdish majority. Moreover, it is the only province in Turkey with an Alevi majority. The province has eight municipalities, 366 villages and 1,087 hamlets.

Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces (Turkish: il). Each province is divided into a number of districts (ilçe). Each provincial government is seated in the central district (merkez ilçe). For non-metropolitan municipality designated provinces, the central district bears the name of the province (e.g. the city/district of Rize is the central district of Rize Province). In the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the vilayet.

Each province is administered by an appointed governor (vali) from the Ministry of the Interior.
Morrison incident
The Morrison incident (モリソン号事件, Morison-gō Jiken) of 1837 occurred when the American merchant ship Morrison, headed by Charles W. King, was driven away from "sakoku" (isolationist) Japan by cannon fire. This was carried out in accordance with the Japanese Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels of 1825. It has been alleged that King used the pretext of repatriating seven Japanese castaways, among them Yamamoto Otokichi, to try to open trade with Japan.

Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels
The Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels (異国船打払令, Ikokusen Uchiharairei) was a law promulgated by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1825 to the effect that all foreign vessels should be driven away from Japanese waters. An example of the law being put into practice was the Morrison incident of 1837, in which an American merchant vessel attempting to use the return of Japanese castaways as leverage to initiate trading was fired upon. The law was repealed in 1842.
Nelson Eddy
Nelson Ackerman Eddy (June 29, 1901 – March 6, 1967) was an American actor and baritone singer who appeared in 19 musical films during the 1930s and 1940s, as well as in opera and on the concert stage, radio, television, and in nightclubs. A classically trained baritone, he is best remembered for the eight films in which he costarred with soprano Jeanette MacDonald. He was one of the first "crossover" stars, a superstar appealing both to shrieking bobby soxers and opera purists, and in his heyday, he was the highest paid singer in the world.

During his 40-year career, he earned three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (one each for film, recording, and radio), left his footprints in the wet concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theatre, earned three gold records, and was invited to sing at the third inauguration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941. He also introduced millions of young Americans to classical music and inspired many of them to pursue a musical career.

Naughty Marietta (film)
Naughty Marietta is a 1935 American romantic musical film based on the 1910 operetta of the same name by Victor Herbert. Jeanette MacDonald stars as a princess who flees an arranged marriage. She sails for New Orleans and is rescued from pirates by Captain Richard Warrington (Nelson Eddy). Five of Herbert's most famous songs come from the score of Naughty Marietta, with words by lyricist Rida Johnson Young: "Ah! Sweet Mystery of Life", "Italian Street Song", "Neath the Southern Moon", "I'm Falling in Love with Someone" and "Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! (Along the Highway)". Additional lyrics for several of Herbert's songs were penned for the film by Gus Kahn. The film was written by Frances Goodrich, Albert Hackett, John Lee Mahin and Rida Johnson Young.
Doubtful Canyon
Doubtful Canyon was the name of two canyons in the Peloncillo Mountains, once considered in the 19th century as one canyon that served as the pass through those mountains.

Today the canyon bearing the name Doubtful Canyon, is mostly in Cochise County, Arizona, near the New Mexico border. It descends to the east into the Animas Valley past Steins Peak it is in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.

Doubtful Canyon has a tributary, Little Doubtful Canyon that joins it just east of the Arizona New Mexico border. The western canyon is now called West Doubtful Canyon and it descends into the San Simon Valley, in Cochise County, Arizona.

Steins Peak
Steins Peak is a 5,864-foot-high (1,787 m) mountain in Hidalgo County, New Mexico.  It lies south of the upper reach of Doubtful Canyon.  It is located 0.3 miles (0.5 km) east of the Arizona, New Mexico State line and 8 miles (13 km) north northwest of Steins, New Mexico.
Philip Stewart Robinson
Philip Stewart Robinson (from around 1889 as Frederick Stennard Robinson) (13 October 1847 – 9 December 1902) and from 18 was an Indian born British naturalist, journalist and popular author who popularized the genre of humorous Anglo-Indian literature. He was briefly an editor for the Sunday Times. Phil was a brother of E. Kay Robinson who was famous for nurturing Rudyard Kipling and founding the British Naturalists' Association. It has been claimed that his style of writing influenced authors like Edward Hamilton Aitken (Eha). His youngest brother was Sir Harry Perry Robinson (1859–1930).

Edward Hamilton Aitken
Edward Hamilton Aitken (16 August 1851 – 11 April 1909) was a British civil servant in India, better known for his humorist writings on natural history in India and as a founding member of the Bombay Natural History Society. He was well known to Anglo-Indians by the pen-name of Eha.
Maxonia
Maxonia is a genus of ferns in the fern family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus has a single species Maxonia apiifolia, native to Cuba and Jamaica. It formerly occurred in Florida, but is now extinct there.

The genus name of Maxonia is in honour of William Ralph Maxon (1877–1948), who was an American botanist and pteridologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Carl Christensen in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. vol.6 (Issue 9) n page 3 in 1916.

Dryopteridaceae
The Dryopteridaceae are a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae. Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae  of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.

The family contains about 1700 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Species may be terrestrial, epipetric, hemiepiphytic, or epiphytic. Many are cultivated as ornamental plants.  The largest genera are Elaphoglossum (600+), Polystichum (260), Dryopteris (225), and Ctenitis (150). These four genera contain about 70% of the species.  Dryopteridaceae diverged from the other families in eupolypods I about 100 million years ago.
The fossil record appears to show the earliest members of the group emerging some 99 MYA during the Mid Cretaceous.
Shatian dialect
Satinese (Saatinwaa in Satinese, Shatianhua in Guoyu) is a dialect of Yue Chinese. It is spoken by roughly half of the population of Chungsan (Zhongshan), Guangdong, in Namtau, Wongpo, Fausa, Manchung, Gonghau, Tungsing, Tungfung, Siulaam, Wanglan, Salong, Panfu, Sanwan and Tanchau.

It differs from Standard Cantonese. Some subdialects among the Satin dialect are similar to Suntak dialect. Satin Regions in Chungsan are populated with Tanka people and the language is one of the major branches of Tanka dialect.

Fusha, Zhongshan
Fusha is a town situated at the northern periphery of the city of Zhongshan, Guangdong province.  At the 2020 census, the town had a population of 73,381. The total area of the town is 37 square kilometres (14 sq mi).
2020 WNBA season
The 2020 WNBA season was the 24th season of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). The Washington Mystics were the defending champions. Planned changes to the league's schedule included an increase from 34 to 36 regular season games for each team, the introduction of a mid-season Commissioner's Cup tournament, and more games broadcast on ESPN and ABC. This was the first season under a new Collective Bargaining Agreement between the league and the WNBA Players Association. However, on April 3, the season was indefinitely postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Under a plan approved on June 15, the league began a shortened 22-game regular season at IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida, without fans present on July 25. A'ja Wilson of the Las Vegas Aces was named the league MVP. The Seattle Storm won the 2020 WNBA Finals over the Aces, and Breanna Stewart was named the Finals MVP.

IMG Academy
IMG Academy is a preparatory boarding school and sports training facility in Bradenton, Florida, United States. The organization is set across over 600 acres (243 ha) and features programs consisting of sport camps for young athletes, adult camps, a boarding school, including a post-graduate/gap-year program, events, professional and collegiate training, group hosting, and corporate retreats.

In April 2023, Endeavor announced the sale of IMG Academy to BPEA EQT for $1.26 billion. On June 28, 2023, the deal was completed.
Sun, Moon and Morning Star
Sun, Moon and Morning Star (German: Sonne, Mond und Morgenstern; 
Greek: Ήλιος, Φεγγάρι και Αυγερινός, romanized: Helios, Phengari kai Augerinós) is a Greek folktale collected and published in 1864 by Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn. It is related to the folkloric motif of the Calumniated Wife and classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as type ATU 707, "The Three Golden Children".

Calumniated Wife
The Calumniated Wife is a motif in traditional narratives, numbered K2110.1 in Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature. It entails a wife being falsely accused of, and often punished for, some crime or sin. This motif is at the centre of a number of traditional plots, being associated with tale-types 705–712 in the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index of tale-types.
Leonidas at Thermopylae
Leonidas at Thermopylae is an oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Jacques-Louis David. The work currently hangs in the Louvre in Paris, France. David completed the massive work (3.95 m × 5.31 m) 15 years after he began, working on it from 1799 to 1803 and again in 1813–1814. Leonidas at Thermopylae was purchased, along with The Intervention of the Sabine Women, in November 1819 for 100,000 francs by Louis XVIII, the king of France. The piece depicts the Spartan king Leonidas prior to the Battle of Thermopylae. David's pupil Georges Rouget collaborated on it.

The Intervention of the Sabine Women
The Intervention of the Sabine Women (French: Les Sabines) is a 1799 painting by the French painter Jacques-Louis David, showing a legendary episode following the abduction of the Sabine women by the founding generation of Rome.

Work on the painting commenced in 1796, after his estranged wife visited him in jail. He conceived the idea of telling the story, to honour his wife, with the theme being love prevailing over conflict and the protection of children. The painting was also seen as a plea for the people to reunite after the bloodshed of the revolution. Its realization took him nearly four years.