hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Walther Kadow
Walther Kadow (January 29, 1860 – May 31, 1923) was a German school teacher who was beaten and killed by Rudolf Höss and a group of Nazi Party accomplices in May 1923 in the forest near Parchim. Kadow, a World War I veteran, was a member of the right-wing German Völkisch Freedom Party, and was suspected of having betrayed German nationalist Albert Leo Schlageter to the French occupation authorities in the Ruhr. Schlageter was executed by the French and was later regarded as a martyr by the Nazis. Höss received a ten-year sentence but was released after four years under a general amnesty. His accomplice, Martin Bormann, a former student of Kadow, was sentenced to one year.

Bormann later became Head of the Nazi Party Chancellery and private secretary to Adolf Hitler and received the Blood Order for his imprisonment over the murder. Höss later became the commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp.

Albert Leo Schlageter
Albert Leo Schlageter (German pronunciation: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈleːo ˈʃlaːɡɛtɐ]; August 12, 1894 – May 26, 1923) was an Imperial German Army officer who served in World War I before joining several Freikorps groups and carrying out acts of sabotage against French occupational forces in the Ruhr. Schlageter was arrested by French forces for sabotaging railroad tracks and executed by firing squad in 1923. After his death, he was viewed by many German nationalists as a martyr, including the Nazi Party. In Nazi Germany, Schlageter was commemorated as a national hero, which in turn led Allied occupational authorities to target such commemoration after World War II as part of the denazification process.
Kizzuwatna
Kizzuwatna (Hittite: 𒆳𒌷𒆠𒄑𒍪𒉿𒀜𒈾) was an ancient Anatolian kingdom attested in written sources from the end of the 16th century BC onwards. Although its origins remain obscure, the Middle Bronze Age in Cilicia (ca. 2000–1550 BC) may be regarded as its possible formative period. Kizzuwatna was situated primarily in the Cilician Plain of southeastern Anatolia, near the Gulf of İskenderun, in modern-day Turkey. It was bounded by the Central Taurus Mountains and the Amanus Mountains. The centre of the kingdom was the city of Kummanni, located in the highlands.

Isputahsu
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Isputahsu (also transliterated as Išputaḫšu) was a king of Kizzuwatna, probably during the late 16th century BC (middle chronology). He signed a treaty of alliance with the Hittite king Telepinu.
Monster Rancher Explorer
Monster Rancher Explorer (known as Solomon (ソロモン, Soromon) in Japan) is a 2000 puzzle game developed by Graphic Research and published by Tecmo for the Game Boy Color. It features the same gameplay elements as Solomon's Key but includes Monster Rancher characters.

Monster Rancher
Monster Rancher, known in Japan as Monster Farm (モンスターファーム, Monsutā Fāmu), is a Japanese media franchise and series of life simulation role-playing video games created by Tecmo (now Koei Tecmo). The series consists of fifteen games across numerous different video game platforms, and an anime adaptation that aired from 1999 to 2000.

Monster Rancher is a popular series in Japan, and it maintains a cult following elsewhere. As of 2007, the series has sold 4 million copies.
2015 Diamond League
The 2015 IAAF Diamond League was the sixth season of the annual series of outdoor track and field meetings, organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). It consisted of fourteen one-day meetings, starting on 15 May in Doha, Qatar, and ending on 11 September in Brussels, Belgium. Other events were held in Shanghai, Eugene, Rome, Birmingham, Oslo, New York City, Paris, Lausanne, Fontvieille, Monaco, London, Stockholm, and Zürich. All previous venues remained on the tour, with the exception that London returned to host the second meeting in the United Kingdom, having been replaced by Glasgow during the 2014 IAAF Diamond League.

Eunice Sum
Eunice Jepkoech Sum (born 10 April 1988) is a Kenyan middle-distance runner who specializes in the 800 metres. She was the 2013 World champion and won the bronze medal in 2015. Sum took a silver and a gold at the 2012 and 2014 African Championships in Athletics respectively. She was also 2014 Commonwealth Games gold medallist and a three-time successive Diamond League winner in 2013–15.
Allanpringite
Allanpringite is a phosphate mineral that was named after the Australian mineralogist, Allan Pring of the South Australian Museum.

Allanpringite is a Fe3+ analogue Al-phosphate mineral wavellite, but it has a different crystal symmetry – monoclinic instead of orthorhombic in wavellite.

It forms needle-like crystals, which are always twinned and form parallel bundles up to about 2 mm long. They are often found in association with other iron phosphates in abandoned iron mines.

Phosphate mineral
Phosphate minerals are minerals that contain the tetrahedrally coordinated phosphate (PO3−4) anion, sometimes with arsenate (AsO3−4) and vanadate (VO3−4) substitutions, along with chloride (Cl−), fluoride (F−), and hydroxide (OH−) anions, that also fit into the crystal structure.

The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.
Type 3 submergence transport vehicle
The Type 3 submergence transport vehicle (三式潜航輸送艇, San-Shiki Senkō Yusōtei) was a class of transport submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during World War II. The IJA called them Maru Yu (マルゆ).

Merchant submarine
A merchant submarine is a type of submarine intended for trade, and being without armaments, it is not considered a warship like most other types of submarines. The intended use would be blockade running, or to dive under Arctic ice.

Strictly speaking, only two submarines have so far been purpose-built for non-military merchant shipping use, outside of criminal enterprises, though standard or partly converted military submarines have been used to transport smaller amounts of important cargo, especially during wartime, and large-scale proposals for modern merchant submarines have been produced by manufacturers. Criminal enterprises have also built transport submarines to avoid authorities, such as narcosubs.
Pangsang Township
Pangsang Township is a township in the Matman District, Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State, formerly and conterminously part of Matman District. Prior to 2011, it was part of Hopang District and Lashio District. Its capital town is Pangsang (also known as Pangkham).

Matman District
Matman District or Metman District is a district of the Wa Self-Administered Division in northeastern Shan State, Myanmar. It was formerly part of Hopang District. Matman District consists of three townships: Matman, Namphan and Pangsang.
CIA activities in Nicaragua
CIA activities in Nicaragua were frequent in the late 20th century. The increasing influence gained by the Sandinista National Liberation Front, a left-wing and anti-imperialist political party in Nicaragua, led to a sharp decrease in Nicaragua–United States relations, particularly after the Nicaraguan Revolution. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to support the Contras, a right-wing Nicaraguan political group to combat the influence held by the Sandinistas in the Nicaraguan government. Various anti-government rebels in Nicaragua were organized into the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, the first Contra group, at the behest of the CIA. The CIA also supplied the Contras with training and equipment, including materials related to torture and assassination. There have also been allegations that the CIA engaged in drug trafficking in Nicaragua.

Nicaragua–United States relations
Friendly bilateral relations now exist between Nicaragua and the United States. However, in the 19th and 20th centuries, tensions were high and American intervention was frequent. In the 1980s, due to Red Scare paranoia and an attempt to put down socialism in the region,  the U.S proceeded to wage an undeclared war against the left-wing Sandinista movement by funding the Contra groups until it was defeated in the election in 1990.
John Chang Yik
The Right Reverend John Chang Yik (November 20, 1933, Seoul – August 5, 2020, Chuncheon) was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chunchon, South Korea.

The son of Chang Myon, he was born as Chang Yik. On 30 March 1963, aged 29, he was ordained a parish priest. On 11 November 1994, aged 61, he was appointed as Bishop of Chuncheon and ordained a month later. His consecrators were: Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan, Archbishop Victorinus Youn Kong-hi and Nicolas Cardinal Cheong Jin-suk.  He was appointed Apostolic Administrator of Hamhung in North Korea in 2006; he retired from both posts in 2010.

Diocese of Hamhung
The Diocese of Hamhung  is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church in North Korea.

Originally erected as the Apostolic Vicariate of Wonsan in 1920, the name has been changed twice, once to Kankoensis o Hameungensis in 1940, and finally, as the Apostolic Vicariate of Hamhung in 1950. Like the Diocese of Pyongyang, the Vicariate was elevated to a full diocese in 1962. The diocese is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Seoul.
Security sector governance and reform in the Philippines
The process of security sector governance and reform in the Philippines – which involves professionalizing, civilianizing, and modernizing/capacitating the Philippine government's security institutions to align them with ideals of good governance and with principles such as human rights, freedom of information, and the rule of civilian law – has been a continuing process since the establishment of the Fifth Philippine Republic after the 1986 People Power Revolution, before the concept had even been fully defined internationally in the 1990s.

Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million.

The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character.

The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990.
Jugal bone
The jugal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians and birds.  In mammals, the jugal is often called the malar or zygomatic.  It is connected to the quadratojugal and maxilla, as well as other bones, which may vary by species.

Zygomatic bone
In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from Ancient Greek: ζῠγόν, romanized: zugón, lit. 'yoke'), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone, situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forming part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, of the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes (the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal), and four borders.
Bicycle-friendly
Bicycle-friendly policies and practices help some people feel more comfortable about traveling by bicycle with other traffic. The level of bicycle-friendliness of an environment can be influenced by many factors including town planning and cycling infrastructure decisions. A stigma towards people who ride bicycles and fear of cycling is a social construct that needs to be fully understood when promoting a bicycle friendly culture.

Utility cycling
Utility cycling encompasses any cycling done simply as a means of transport rather than as a sport or leisure activity. It is the original and most common type of cycling in the world. Cycling mobility is one of the various types of private transport and a major part of individual mobility.
Manassas, Virginia
Manassas (/məˈnæsəs/), formerly Manassas Junction, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. The population was 42,772 at the 2020 Census. It is the county seat of Prince William County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. Manassas borders the independent city of Manassas Park. The Bureau of Economic Analysis includes both Manassas and Manassas Park with Prince William County for statistical purposes.

Manassas contains several historic sites dating from 1825 to 1914. Manassas surrounds the 38-acre (15-hectare) county courthouse, which is located on county property.

Manassas is part of the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area and is in the Northern Virginia region.

Orange and Alexandria Railroad
The Orange and Alexandria Railroad (O&A) was a railroad in Virginia, United States. Chartered in 1848, it eventually extended from Alexandria to Gordonsville, with another section from Charlottesville to Lynchburg. The road played a crucial role in the American Civil War, saw the first of many mergers in 1867, and eventually became an important part of the modern-day Norfolk Southern rail system.
1998–99 Primera División A season
Primera División A (Méxican First A Division) is a Mexican football tournament. This season was composed of Invieno 1998 and Verano 1999. Unión de Curtidores, Verano 1999 champion, were able to gain promotion to Primera Division for the 1999-2000 season after winning the playoff to Yucatán, Invierno 1998 champion. However, the Puebla F.C. acquired the franchise belonging to Union de Curtidores to remain in the First Division.

Venados F.C.
Venados Fútbol Club Yucatán, simplified as Venados FC, is a Mexican professional football club based in Mérida, Yucatán. It competes in Liga de Expansión MX, the second level division of Mexican football, and plays its home matches at the Estadio Carlos Iturralde. Founded in 1988 as Venados de Yucatán, the club changed its name several times throughout its history, first as Club Deportivo Atlético Yucatán (1997–2001, 2002–2003), then as Mérida Fútbol Club (2003–2011), Club de Fútbol Mérida (2011–2015) and finally changed to its current name in 2015.
Churchill Brothers FC
Churchill Brothers Football Club, commonly known as Churchill Brothers, is an Indian professional football club based in Margao, Goa, that competes  the Goa Professional League. Founded in 1988, the club usually participated in the National Football League, then top tier of the Indian football league system.

The club has won the I-League title twice and secured a position among the top three on nine other occasions in the national league. It has also won eight Goa League Champions Cups, three Durand Cups, and a Federation Cup. Churchill Brothers emerged as fourth ranked Indian and 648th universally, in the international rankings of clubs during 2001–2010, issued by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics in 2011.

Churchill Alemao
Churchill Braz Alemao (born 16 May 1949) is an Indian politician who served as the second Chief Minister of Goa from March to April 1990. He is a former two-term Member of Parliament, representing South Goa from 1996 to 1998 and 2004 to 2007. He has also been a member of the Goa Legislative Assembly for four terms between 1989 and 2022, representing Benaulim and Navelim constituencies.
Education in Ukraine
Starting in September 2018, children who start school have 12 years of education, while those already in school complete their studying by 11-year system. As a rule, schooling begins at the age of 6, unless your birthday is on or after 1 September.  In 2016/17, the number of students in primary and secondary school reached 3,846,000, in vocational school 285,800, and in higher education 1,586,700 students. According to 2017 EduConf speech of the (then) Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine, Liliya Hrynevych, the amount of budget financing for the sphere of education would reach about ₴53 billion in 2017 (compared to 42 in 2016).

The NGO Human Rights Measurement Initiative in the spring of 2022 concluded that Ukraine is fulfilling 84.2% of what they should be fulfilling on the right to education, based on their level of income.

Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.
St Nicholas of Myra, South Ockendon
St Nicholas of Myra is a Grade I listed parish church in South Ockendon, Essex, England, 20 miles east of London and 8 miles south-east of Romford. The building has been under the National Heritage List for England since February 8, 1960. It stands on the south side of the green in the middle of the village as it has done for 860 years.

South Ockendon
South Ockendon is a town in the borough of Thurrock in Essex, England. It is located close to the border with Greater London, just outside the M25 motorway. The area to the north is North Ockendon. South Ockendon was historically a parish; the parish was abolished for civil purposes in 1936 when South Ockendon became part of Thurrock. At the 2021 census the built up area of South Ockendon had a population of 22,440.
Pamirioceras
Pamirioceras is an extinct genus of ammonites in the monotypic Adrianitidae subfamily Pamiritellinae.   They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

Adrianitidae
Adrianitidae is a family in the Adrianitaceae, a superfamily of ammonites in the cephalopod order, Goniatitida, known from the Middle Pennsylvanian to the Middle Permian.

Members of the Adrianitidae, named by Schindewolf in 1931, and of the  Adrianitaceae, have shells (conchs) that are discoidal to globular with umbilici that vary in form, and sutures with 10 to 30, more or less equal, lobes.

The Adrianitinae which come from the Lower and Middle Permian have sutures that form 14 to 30 lobes. Genera included Adrianites, Hoffmannia, Doryceras, Crimites, and Texoceras. 
The Dumbaritinae which come from the Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian (U Carb) have sutures with only 10 lobes. Clinolobus, from the Middle Permian of Sicily, has about 14 lobes with the course of the external suture forming a V.
Lyell Island
Lyell Island, known also in the Haida language as Athlii Gwaii, is a large island in the Haida Gwaii archipelago on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the east side of Moresby Island, just south of Laskeek Bay. The island is a part of the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site.

Lyell Island was the focus of anti-logging demonstrations that led to establishment of Gwaii Haanas park in 1993. 72 Haida citizens were arrested by the RCMP and charged with Contempt of Court. Also arrested on Lyell Island was a Canadian MP, Svend Robinson. The protests started October 24, 1985, and continued for three months and eventually led to the process which culminated in the creation of Gwaii Haanas.

Laskeek Bay
Laskeek Bay is a bay in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. It is located on the east side of Moresby Island, north of Lyell Island, south of Louise Island, and east of Talunkwan Island.

Some of Laskeek Bay's shores are within Ḵ'uuna Gwaay Conservancy and Gwaii Haanas. Part of Laskeek Bay is within the Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area.

Laskeek Bay's name is said to be an adaptation of a Tsimshian word meaning "on the eagle", which was the Tsimshian name for the historic Haida village Tanu.
Roman heritage in Kosovo
The Roman heritage sites in Kosovo represent a multitude of monuments of material and spiritual culture, which reflect the Roman period in this region. Among them, a special place is occupied by those that represent the development of art, such as the plastic monuments that are more frequent, and at the same time occupy an important place, because with the presentation of figures in relief and with numerous inscriptions they speak to us enough for this period.

Dardania (Roman province)
Dardania (/dɑːrˈdeɪniə/; Latin: Dardania; Ancient Greek: Δαρδανία) in the Central Balkans, initially an unofficial region in Moesia (87–284), and then a province administratively part of the Diocese of Moesia (293–337). It was named after the tribe of the Dardani who inhabited the region in classical antiquity before the Roman conquest. During the late Imperial period the Dardanian territory was the homeland of many Roman emperors, notably Constantine the Great and Justinian I.
Mithra
Mithra (Avestan: 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra; Old Persian: 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθraʰ‍) is an ancient Iranian deity (yazata) of covenants, light, oaths, justice, the Sun, contracts, and friendship. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth (Asha), and the guardian of cattle, the harvest, and the Waters.

The Romans attributed their Mithraic mysteries to Zoroastrian Persian sources relating to Mithra. Since the early 1970s, the dominant scholarship has noted dissimilarities between the Persian and Roman traditions, making it, at most, the result of Roman perceptions of Zoroastrian ideas.

Apam Napat
Apam Napat is a deity in the Indo-Iranian pantheon associated with water. His names in the Vedas, Apā́ṁ Nápāt, and in Zoroastrianism, Apąm Napāt, mean "child of the waters" in Sanskrit and Avestan respectively. Napāt ("grandson", "progeny") is cognate with Latin nepos and English nephew. In the Rig Veda, he is described as the creator of all things. It is considered to originate from the Proto-Indo-European Hepom Nepōts.

In the Vedas it is often apparent that Apām Napāt is being used as a title, not a proper name. This is most commonly applied to Agni, god of fire, and occasionally to Savitr, god of the sun. A correspondence has also been posited by Boyce between both the Vedic and Avestic traditions of Apam Napat, and Varuna, who is also addressed as "Child of the Waters", and is considered a god of the sea.: 47–48  In the Iranian tradition, he is also called Burz ("high one," Persian: برز) and is a yazad.: 42–43
F1 Academy
F1 Academy is a female-only, Formula 4–level single-seater racing championship founded by the Formula One Group. The championship is a spec series, meaning that all teams compete with an identical Tatuus F4-T421 chassis and tyre compounds developed by Pirelli. Each car is powered by a 174-horsepower turbocharged 4-cylinder engine developed by Autotecnica Motori.

F1 Academy held its inaugural season in 2023 and was won by Marta García. The 2024 drivers' championship was won by Rodin Motorsport's Abbi Pulling whilst Prema Racing retained the team's championship for 2024. 2025 saw Doriane Pin claim the title as Prema held the team's championship for the third year straight.

2025 F1 Academy season
The 2025 F1 Academy season was the third running of F1 Academy, an all-female, Formula 4–level, open-wheel racing championship founded by and organized under the management of Formula Motorsport Limited. For the second year running, it supported selected rounds of the FIA Formula One World Championship, with 10 of the 18 cars sporting liveries sponsored by the 10 Formula One teams.

Prema Racing entered the season as the defending teams' champion after clinching the title at the final race of the 2024 season in Abu Dhabi.

For the first time in F1 Academy, the battle for the drivers' title was decided in the final race. Doriane Pin won the 2025 drivers' championship with Prema Racing, who also won the 2025 teams' championship.