hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Constitution of Michigan
The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.

There have been four constitutions approved by the people of Michigan. The first was approved on October 5 and 6, 1835, written as Michigan was preparing to become a state of the Union, which occurred in January 1837. Subsequent constitutions were ratified in 1850 and 1908. The current constitution was approved by voters in 1963.

2004 Michigan Proposal 04-2
Michigan Proposal 04-2 of 2004, is an amendment to the Michigan Constitution that made it unconstitutional for the state to recognize or perform same-sex marriages or civil unions.  The referendum was approved by 59% of the voters. The amendment faced multiple legal challenges and was finally overturned in Obergefell v. Hodges by the U.S. Supreme Court.
Ridley Creek State Park
Ridley Creek State Park is a 2,606-acre (1,055 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Edgmont, Middletown, and Upper Providence Townships, Delaware County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park, about 5 miles (8 km) north of the county seat of Media, offers many recreational activities, such as hiking, biking, fishing, and picnicking within preserved old-growth forest. Ridley Creek passes through the park. Highlights include a 5-mile (8 km) paved multi-use trail, a formal garden designed by the Olmsted Brothers, and Colonial Pennsylvania Farmstead, which recreates daily life on a pre-Revolutionary farm. The park is adjacent to the John J. Tyler Arboretum. Ridley Creek State Park is just over 16 miles (26 km) from downtown, Philadelphia between Pennsylvania Route 352 and Pennsylvania Route 252 on Gradyville Road.

Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Middletown Township is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 15,807 at the 2010 census. The Pennsylvania State University has an undergraduate satellite campus called Penn State Brandywine located in the north-central portion of the township. Located outside of Philadelphia, it constitutes part of the Delaware Valley (i.e. the Philadelphia metro area).

Originally established in 1686, Middletown Township adopted a Home Rule Charter in 1978. The township is governed by the council-manager system, a representative form of government in which the seven elected officials set policy for the township and the manager oversees the delivery of all public services and programs.
Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488)
The Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier took place on 28 July 1488, between the forces of King Charles VIII of France, and those of Francis II, Duke of Brittany, and his allies. The defeat of the latter signalled the end to the "guerre folle" ('Mad war'), a feudal conflict in which French aristocrats revolted against royal power during the regency of Anne de Beaujeu. It also effectively precipitated the end of the independence of Brittany from France.

Jean IV de Rieux
Jean IV de Rieux (June 27, 1447 – February 9, 1518), was a Breton noble and Marshal. He was the son of Jean III de Rieux and Béatrice de Rohan-Montauban (1385–1414).

He ruled Brittany as regent of Anne of Brittany.

He is best known for being the commander of the Breton army against King Charles VIII of France, which ended in a crushing defeat at the Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier (1488).

He was also Count of Aumale and Count of Harcourt.

He married Isabelle de Brosse (died 1527), daughter of Jean III de Brosse, Comte de Penthièvre.

Renée de Rieux, La Belle Châteauneuf, was one of his descendants.
Platinum Stars F.C.
Platinum Stars was a South African football club based in Phokeng near Rustenburg, North West Province that played in the Premier Soccer League. The club was nicknamed Dikwena, the Tswana name for Crocodiles.

The team's best finish in the Premiership came during the 2006–07 season, when the club finished as league runners-up, earning them their only appearance in the CAF Champions League. During the same season, the Platinum Stars also collected their first major trophy, when the club won the Telkom Knockout in December 2006.

The club was purchased by a consortium in 2018. After initially indicating that the club would remain in place under the same name, it was dissolved in 2018 and a new club established in Cape Town, Cape Umoya United.

Cape Umoya United F.C.
Cape Umoya United Football Club was a South African football club based in Cape Town, South Africa. It was established in 2018 following the takeover of the defunct, former PSL team, Platinum Stars.

Platinum Stars was relegated from the 2017–2018 Premiership season, and Cape Umoya spent its three seasons in the National First Division.

The club ceased to exist after selling its franchise to Robinson Ramaite in June 2021, who moved it to Venda, forming Venda F.C.
Nymburk
Nymburk (Czech pronunciation: [ˈnɪmburk]; German: Nimburg, Neuenburg an der Elbe) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 16,000 inhabitants. It is situated on the Elbe River. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Mladá Boleslav
Mladá Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmladaː ˈbolɛslaf]; German: Jungbunzlau) is a city in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 47,000 inhabitants. It lies on the left bank of the Jizera River.

Mladá Boleslav is the second most populated city in the region. It is a major centre of the Czech automotive industry thanks to the Škoda Auto company and therefore the centre of Czech industry as a whole. The city is also a centre of technical education, represented by Škoda Auto University and Secondary Industrial School.

Mladá Boleslav was named after Duke Boleslaus II, who founded a gord here. The historic city centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. The main historic landmark of the city is the Mladá Boleslav Castle.
Stockport Rural District
53°24′29″N 2°06′58″W﻿ / ﻿53.408°N 2.116°W﻿ / 53.408; -2.116
Stockport was a rural district in the administrative county of Cheshire from 1894 to 1904.  The district was the successor to the Stockport Rural Sanitary District formed in 1875.

The rural district was originally composed of eight civil parishes (with population in 1891):

Bosden (2,342)

Bramhall (3,365)

Brinnington (7,061)

Handforth (794)

Norbury (1,495)

Offerton (372)

Torkington (294)

Werneth, renamed Compstall 1897 (2,587)

In 1900 Hazel Grove and Bramhall Urban District was formed from five of the parishes in the rural district (Bosden, Bramhall, Norbury, Offerton, and Torkington).

In 1902 Compstall was constituted an urban district, and Brinnington became part of Bredbury and Romiley Urban District. The remaining parish in the district, Handforth, became an urban district in 1904.

Hazel Grove and Bramhall Urban District
53°22′01″N 2°08′24″W﻿ / ﻿53.367°N 2.140°W﻿ / 53.367; -2.140

Hazel Grove and Bramhall was an urban district in Cheshire, England, from 1900 to 1974. It was abolished in 1974 and the area became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester.
Texas Woman's University
Texas Woman's University (TWU) is a public coeducational research university in Denton, Texas, United States. It also has two health science campuses in Dallas and Houston. While TWU has been fully co-educational since 1994, it is the largest state-supported university primarily for women in the United States. The university is part of the Texas Woman's University System. It offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in 60 areas of study across six colleges. The university is classified among "R2: High Research Spending and Doctorate Production".

Texas Women's Hall of Fame
The Texas Women's Hall of Fame was established in 1984 by the Governor's Commission on Women. The honorees are selected biennially from submissions from the public. The honorees must be either native Texans or a resident of Texas at the time of the nomination.
Porticus Argonautarum
The Porticus Argonautarum (Latin for the "Portico of the Argonauts"; Italian: Portico degli Argonauti), also known as the Portico of Agrippa (Latin: Porticus Agrippae or Agrippiana) was a portico in ancient Rome.

The building was located in the Saepta Julia, a large square in the Campus Martius used for public comitia (assemblies). The square, a large free space surrounded by porticoes, was finished by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral and friend  of emperor Augustus, in 27 BC. The portico of the Argonauts was added in 25 BC, to commemorate Agrippa's naval victories in 31 BC: it took its name from its decorations, which depicted the mythological expedition of Jason.

Studies of the Forma Urbis (an ancient detailed plan of Rome) have located the portico in what is now Via della Minerva, near the basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

A brickwork wall preserved along the eastern side of the Pantheon has been assigned to the Porticus Argonautarum.

Saepta Julia
The Saepta Julia was a building in the Campus Martius of Rome, where citizens gathered to cast votes. The building was conceived by Julius Caesar and dedicated by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 26 BC. The building replaced an older structure, called the Ovile, built as a place for the comitia tributa to gather to cast votes. The Saepta Julia can be seen on the Forma Urbis Romae, a map of the city of Rome as it existed in the early 3rd century AD. Part of the original wall of the Saepta Julia can still be seen right next to the Pantheon.
Achaea
Achaea (/əˈkiːə/) or Achaia (/əˈkaɪə/), sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaia (Αχαΐα, Akhaḯa, Greek: [axaˈia]), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Western Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras which is the third largest city in Greece.

Aroania (mountain)
Aroania (Greek: Αροάνια), also known as Helmos or Chelmos (Χελμός, from South Slavic chlmo, 'summit'), is a mountain in Achaea, Peloponnese, Greece. At 2,355 m elevation, Aroania is the third highest mountain of the Peloponnese, after Taygetus and Kyllini, and the highest in Achaea. The largest town near the mountain is Kalavryta. The municipal unit Aroania took its name from the mountain.
Alpine, Arizona
Alpine is a census-designated place in Apache County, Arizona, United States, in Bush Valley in the east central part of the state. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 145. It is located near the eastern border of the state.

U.S. Route 191 in Arizona
U.S. Route 191 (US 191) is a north–south U.S. Highway in eastern Arizona. The highway runs for 516.50 miles (831.23 km), making it Arizona's longest numbered highway. The highway begins at State Route 80 near Douglas and crosses over the Utah state line near Mexican Water in the Navajo Nation. Between Douglas and Utah, US 191 shares multiple concurrencies with I-10, US 70, US 180, US 60, SR 61, I-40, SR 264, and US 160.

Until 1981, the route taken by US 191 between I-40 in Chambers and the Utah state line was designated as SR 63. The route from SR 80 in Douglas to I-40 in Sanders was originally designated as part of US 666. US 666 was often associated with the biblical devil, due to the number 666 occasionally being considered the "number of the beast." The highway number caused discomfort with the general public and led to the constant sign theft of US 666 markers along the highway, prompting the redesignation of US 666 as a section of US 191 in 1992.
1971 Söderhamn courthouse murders
The 1971 Söderhamn courthouse murders (Swedish: Tingshusmorden) was a mass killing in Sweden when a 61-year-old homeowner on 1 March 1971 shot and killed four people during a preliminary hearing in a civil case in the Southeastern Hälsingland courthouse in Söderhamn. The shooting was the epilogue to a five-year-old lawsuit. Homeowner Gunnar Bengtsson had fallen in love with a woman who also moved in with him. The couple got engaged at the end of 1965, but when there was talk of marriage, the woman pulled out. Bengtsson had lent money to the woman without a receipt, as they intended to marry. When Bengtsson began to suspect trouble, he took jewelry as security for the money he lent her. Both the assize court, the court of appeal and the supreme court sentenced him to return the jewelry and pay the woman's legal costs. During the division of property Bengtsson killed the woman, her lawyer, his lawyer and a lawspeaker.

Henning Sjöström
Henning Elof Sjöström (13 May 1922, Burträsk – 16 October 2011) was a Swedish defense attorney, and regarded as Sweden's first celebrity lawyer due to his high-profile cases. Sjöström was the attorney for Kurt Haijby during the Haijby affair, in which Haijby was accused of blackmailing Swedish King Gustav V. He was also known for the through the trial of the "neurosedyn children" 1964–1968 and for having defended Gunnar Bengtsson after the Söderhamn courthouse murders in 1971 and Carl-Eric Björkegren.

Sjöström was married to fellow defense attorney Kerstin Sandels. He died in Stockholm in 2011.
Monashee Mountains
The Monashee Mountains are a mountain range lying mostly in British Columbia, Canada, extending into the U.S. state of Washington. They stretch 530 km (329 mi) from north to south and 150 km (93 mi) from east to west. They are a sub-range of the Columbia Mountains. The highest summit is Mount Monashee, which reaches 3,274 m (10,741 ft). The name is from the Scottish Gaelic monadh and sìth, meaning "moor" and "peace".

Columbia Mountains
The Columbia Mountains are a group of mountain ranges along the Upper Columbia River in British Columbia, Montana, Idaho and Washington. The mountain range covers 135,952 km² (52,491 sq mi). The range is bounded by the Rocky Mountain Trench on the east, and the Kootenai River on the south; their western boundary is the edge of the Interior Plateau. Seventy-five percent of the range is located in Canada and the remaining twenty-five percent in the United States; American geographic classifications place the Columbia Mountains as part of the Rocky Mountains complex, but this designation does not apply in Canada (despite a British Columbia government tourism campaign to rebrand their southern portion as the "Kootenay Rockies"). Mount Sir Sandford is the highest mountain in the range, reaching 3,519 metres (11,545 ft).
Proculus (praenomen)
This page is about the Latin praenomen.  For the 3rd-century usurper, see Proculus.  For any of several saints named Proculus, see Saint Proculus (disambiguation).

Proculus is a Latin praenomen, or personal name, which was most common during the early centuries of the Roman Republic. It gave rise to the patronymic gentes Proculeia and Procilia, and later became a common cognomen, or surname. The feminine form is Procula. The name was not regularly abbreviated.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.
Utricle (ear)
The utricle and saccule are the two otolith organs in the vertebrate inner ear. The word utricle comes from Latin  uter 'leather bag'. The utricle and saccule are part of the balancing system (membranous labyrinth) in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (small oval chamber). They use small stones and a viscous fluid to stimulate hair cells to detect motion and orientation. The utricle detects linear accelerations and head-tilts in the horizontal plane.

Kinocilium
A kinocilium is a special type of cilium on the apex of hair cells located in the sensory epithelium of the vertebrate inner ear. Contrasting with stereocilia, which are numerous, there is only one kinocilium on each hair cell. The kinocilium can be identified by its apical position as well as its enlarged tip.

Together with stereocilia, the kinocilium regulates depolarization and hyperpolarization of the hair cell, which is a neuron that can generate action potentials. When the stereocilia and kinocilium move further apart, the cell hyperpolarizes. When they move closer together, the cell depolarizes and may fire an action potential.
Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux
The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (Latin: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in southeastern Louisiana. It covers Terrebonne, Lafourche, and the eastern part of St. Mary parishes, Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square miles), it has a large Catholic population, with approximately 126,000 Catholics out of a total population of 202,000. The diocese includes part of Cajun Louisiana.

Warren Louis Boudreaux
Warren Louis Boudreaux (January 25, 1918 – October 6, 1997) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the first bishop of the new Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux in Louisiana from 1977 to 1992

Boudreaux previously served as bishop of the Diocese of Beaumont in Texas from 1971 to 1977 and as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana from 1962 to 1971.
John Hartley (tennis)
Rev. John Thorneycroft Hartley (9 January 1849 – 21 August 1935) was a tennis player from England, and the only clergyman to win Wimbledon.

Hartley won the 1879 Gentlemen's Singles title against Irish champion, Vere St. Leger Goold in three sets on 15 July, retaining his title the following year, 1880, by defeating Herbert Lawford in the Challenge Round in four sets.

Hartley lost in 37 minutes in the 1881 Gentlemen's Singles final, to William Renshaw. This was the shortest final on record and it was reported that Hartley was suffering from an attack of 'English cholera'. Hartley did not compete in the 1882 championships and made a final return at the 1883 championships, losing in the second round to Herbert Wilberforce in four sets.

In 1926, at the Golden Jubilee championships, Hartley was presented with a silver medal by Queen Mary, as one of 34 surviving champions.

Vere St. Leger Goold
Vere Thomas "St. Leger" Goold (2 October 1853 – 8 September 1909) was an Irish tennis player who competed for the 1879 Wimbledon All Comers' final. That year he became the first singles champion of the Irish Championships. He quickly faded from the game and in 1907 was sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island for the murder of a Swedish widow in Monte Carlo. In 1909 he died there by suicide.
Edith Jagger
Edith Jagger (1880-1977) was a British artist and textile designer. She specialized in textile design and was Chief Designer at Painted Fabrics Limited in Sheffield for fourteen years. Her oil paintings of still lifes and flower subjects were exhibited internationally throughout the 1930s.

David Jagger
David Jagger (1891–1958) was an acclaimed and prolific English portrait painter. He was renowned for his commissioned portraits of London's high society and British aristocracy. Notable portraits include those of Robert Baden-Powell (1929), Queen Mary (1930 and 1932), King George VI (1937), Winston Churchill (1939), Vivien Leigh (1941) and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1958).
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (abbreviated MEN) is a condition which encompasses several distinct syndromes featuring tumors of endocrine glands, each with its own characteristic pattern. In some cases, the tumors are malignant, in others, benign. Benign or malignant tumors of nonendocrine tissues occur as components of some of these tumor syndromes.

MEN syndromes are inherited as autosomal dominant disorders.

Endocrine gland neoplasm
An endocrine gland neoplasm is a neoplasm affecting one or more glands of the endocrine system.Examples include:

Adrenal tumor

Pituitary adenoma

The most common form is thyroid cancer.  Conditions such as pancreatic cancer or ovarian cancer can be considered endocrine tumors, or classified under other systems.  Pinealoma is often grouped with brain tumors because of its location.
GoTo Foods
GoTo Foods (formerly Focus Brands) is an American company that currently owns the Schlotzsky's, Carvel, Cinnabon, Moe's Southwest Grill, McAlister's Deli, Auntie Anne's and Jamba brands. It is located in Sandy Springs, Georgia, and operates over 6,700 stores globally.

McAlister's Deli
McAlister's Deli is an American chain of fast casual restaurants founded in 1989 in Oxford, Mississippi, by retired dentist Don Newcomb. There are currently over 500 locations in 29 states. The menu includes deli sandwiches, "giant spuds" (baked potatoes), soups, salads, and desserts, as well as catering items such as sandwich trays and boxed lunches. The chain is also known for its sweet tea, available by glass or gallon.

McAlister's Deli - together with Schlotzsky's, Carvel, Moe's Southwest Grill, Cinnabon, Jamba, and Auntie Anne's - is part of the GoTo Foods portfolio of brands.
PTI Securities & Futures
PTI Securities & Futures is a money management, securities and discount brokerage firm with offices in Chicago, Illinois and Peoria, Arizona.  Established in 1991, PTI Securities provides investors, fund managers and pension funds in the United States with investment consulting services.

Separately managed account
In the investment management industry, a separately managed account (SMA) is any of several different types of investment accounts.  For example, an SMA may be an individual managed investment account; these are often offered by a brokerage firm through one of their brokers or financial consultants and managed by independent investment management firms (often called money managers for short); they have varying fee structures.  These particular types of SMAs may be called "wrap fee" or "dual contract" accounts, depending on their structure. There is no official designation for the SMA, but there are common characteristics that are represented in many types of SMA programs. These characteristics include an open structure or flexible investment security choices; multiple money managers; and a customized investment portfolio formulated for a client's specific investment objectives or desired restrictions.