hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, 1st Duke of Villars
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Prince of Martigues, Marquis then (1st) Duke of Villars, Viscount of Melun (French pronunciation: [klod lwi ɛktɔʁ də vilaʁ], 8 May 1653 – 17 June 1734) was a French military commander and an illustrious general of Louis XIV. He was one of only six Marshals to have been promoted Marshal General of France. Villars is considered one of the great military commanders produced by his time.

Marshal General of France
Marshal General of France, originally Marshal General of the King's Camps and Armies (French: maréchal général des camps et armées du roi), was a title signifying that its holder exercised authority over all French armies, at a time when a Marshal of France usually commanded only one army.

The title was bestowed only on marshals, generally when the office of the Constable of France was vacant or, after 1626, suppressed. Unlike the title of marshal, the title of marshal general was rarely granted to active military commanders. Rather, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, it served as an honorary, end-of-career distinction awarded to particularly distinguished or loyal marshals.
Africarium
The Africarium (Polish: Afrykarium) is a oceanarium in Wrocław, Poland, devoted to exhibiting the fauna of Africa. It is part of the Wrocław Zoo. The idea behind the Africarium is to comprehensively present selected ecosystems from the continent of Africa. The Africarium houses multiple species of fish, hippos, African fur seals, manatees and many others. The zoo houses over 10 thousand animals, its breadth extends from housing insects such cockroaches to the large mammals like the elephants on an area of over 33 hectares.

Fauna of Africa
The fauna of Africa are all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna are found in the Afro-tropical realm. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and stretching equally north and south of the equator creates favorable conditions for variety and abundance of wildlife. Africa is home to many of the world's most recognizable fauna such as lions‚ rhinoceroses‚ cheetahs‚ giraffes‚ antelope, hippopotamuses, leopards, zebras‚ and elephants, among many others.
Craufurd Goodwin
Craufurd D. W. Goodwin (May 23, 1934 – 2017) was an historian of economic thought and the James B. Duke Professor Emeritus of Economics, Vice-Provost, and Dean of the Graduate School at Duke University. His work for the Ford Foundation is included in the Duke University archives, and the Craufurd D. W. Goodwin Papers (1960–2000) are in the collection of Duke University's David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library. He was editor of the scholarly journal HOPE (History of Political Economy) and a member of the Center for the Study of Political Economy.

James B. Duke Professor
At Duke University, the title of James B. Duke Distinguished Professor is given to a small number of the faculty with extraordinary records of achievement. At some universities, titles like "distinguished professor", "institute professor", or "regents professor" are counterparts of this title. Two Nobel laureates (Robert Lefkowitz and Paul L. Modrich) served as James B. Duke Professors, and another, Ingrid Daubechies received the National Medal of Science.
Helena, Montana
Helena (listenⓘ; /ˈhɛlənə/) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Montana and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.

Helena was founded as a gold camp during the Montana gold rush, and established on October 30, 1864. Due to the gold rush, Helena became a wealthy city, with approximately 50 millionaires inhabiting the area by 1888. The concentration of wealth contributed to the city's prominent, elaborate Victorian architecture.

At the 2020 census Helena's population was 32,091, making it the 5th least populous state capital in the United States and the 6th most populous city in Montana. It is the principal city of the Helena Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Lewis and Clark, and Jefferson counties; the MSA's population being 83,058 according to the 2020 census.

The local daily newspaper is the Independent Record. The city is served by Helena Regional Airport (HLN).

Helena College University of Montana
Helena College - University of Montana is a public community college in Helena, Montana. It was established in 1939 and was previously known as Helena College of Technology of the University of Montana, and the Helena Vocational-Technical Center. The school offers associate degrees in arts, science, and applied science as well as technical proficiency certificates in various fields.
Jogulamba Gadwal district
Jogulamba Gadwal district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The administrative headquarters of the district is located at Gadwal. Jogulamba Gadwal district is located in western southern part of the state. The district shares boundaries with Narayanpet, Wanaparthy districts and with the state boundary of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

The district is spread over an area of 2,928 square kilometres (1,131 sq mi). As of the 2011 Census of India, the area within the district had a population of 609,990.

Narayanpet district
Narayanpet district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Narayanpet is the district headquarters. Narayanpet district is located in western southern part of the state. The district shares boundaries with Mahbubnagar, Vikarabad, Wanaparthy and Jogulamba Gadwal districts and with the Karnataka state.
Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation
The Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation (ISN) is a bureau within the United States Department of State responsible for managing a broad range of nonproliferation and counterproliferation functions. The bureau leads U.S. efforts to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons), their delivery systems, advanced conventional weapons, and related materials, technologies, and expertise.

It was created on September 13, 2005, when the Bureau of Arms Control and the Bureau of Nonproliferation were merged. Stephen G. Rademaker was the first Acting Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation. He had been the Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Arms Control, and in February 2005 he was named the head of the Bureau for Nonproliferation pending the two bureaus' merger.

Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation
The assistant secretary of state for international security and nonproliferation is the head of the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, which is responsible for managing the nonproliferation, counter-proliferation functions of the United States Department of State. The position was created on September 13, 2005, when the Bureau of Arms Control and the Bureau of Nonproliferation were merged.  The Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation reports to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs.

Stephen Rademaker was the first Acting Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation. He had been the Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Arms Control, and in February 2005 he was named the head of the Bureau for Nonproliferation pending the two bureaus' merger.
Emmanuelia
Emmanuelia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Lobarioideae of the family Peltigeraceae. It has 12 species. It was circumscribed in 2020 by Antoine Simon, Robert Lücking, and Bernard Goffinet. They assigned Emmanuelia ravenelii as the type species, reasoning "this is probably the best-documented species of the lineage and its identification is straightforward". The genus name honours Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, "for his extensive contributions to advancing our understanding of the diversification of the Peltigerales".

Molecular phylogenetic analyses show that the genus forms a monophyletic group that has a sister taxon relationship with the lineage containing the genera Dendriscosticta, Lobariella, and Yoshimuriella. Using time-calibrated phylogeny, Emmanuelia is estimated to have emerged about 10 million years ago in the late Miocene, and as such, is one of the younger genera in the Lobarioideae.

Peltigeraceae
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.
Rugby league in Sydney
Rugby league in Sydney is the city's most popular sport, with over 200 clubs in the city across levels of competition ranging from the fully professional National Rugby League to grassroots open age and junior leagues.

New South Wales Rugby League
The New South Wales Rugby League Ltd (NSWRL) is an Australian rugby league football competition operator in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory and is a member of the Australian Rugby League Commission.

It was registered on 21 December 1983 and succeeded the New South Wales Rugby Football League which had been formed in Sydney on 8 August 1907. The NSWRFL and then NSWRL operated the premier rugby league club competitions for Sydney, then New South Wales and then Australia from 1908 to 1994. The organisation administers the New South Wales rugby league team for State of Origin.
Rickenbacker
Rickenbacker International Corporation is a string instrument manufacturer based in Santa Ana, California, United States. Rickenbacker is the first known maker of electric guitars, having introduced an electric lap steel guitar in 1932, and produces a range of electric guitar and bass guitar models.

National String Instrument Corporation
The National String Instrument Corporation was an American guitar company first formed to manufacture banjos and then the original resonator guitars. National also produced resonator ukuleles and resonator mandolins. The company merged with Dobro to form the "National Dobro Company", then becoming a brand of Valco until it closed in 1968.
Lithium diisopropylamide
Lithium diisopropylamide (commonly abbreviated LDA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula LiN(CH(CH3)2)2. It is used as a strong base and has been widely utilized due to its good solubility in non-polar organic solvents and non-nucleophilic nature. It is a colorless solid, but is usually generated and observed only in solution. It was first prepared by Hamell and Levine in 1950 along with several other hindered lithium diorganylamides to effect the deprotonation of esters at the α position without attack of the carbonyl group.

Non-nucleophilic base
As the name suggests, a non-nucleophilic base is a sterically hindered organic base that is a poor nucleophile. Normal bases are also nucleophiles, but often chemists seek the proton-removing ability of a base without any other functions.  Typical non-nucleophilic bases are bulky, such that protons can attach to the basic center but alkylation and complexation is inhibited.
Jean-François Caron (strongman)
Jean-François 'JF' Caron (born June 29, 1982) is a French-Canadian strongman and powerlifter from Les Hauteurs, Quebec, Canada.

Having competed in 73 International strongman competitions and winning 10 of them including the World's Strongest Viking twice, Caron is among some of the most decorated strongmen of all-time.

Strength athletics in Canada
Strength athletics in Canada refers to the various Strongman events throughout Canada and its provinces in the sport of Strength athletics in association with the World's Strongest Man. The roots of strongman in Canada go back long before the birth of WSM in 1977, particularly with Louis Cyr in the early 1900s, who was deemed the "Strongest Man on Earth" during his lifetime. Four Canadian athletes have finished on the podium, placing 2nd in 1982 with Tom Magee and 3rd in 2005 with Dominic Filiou, Jean-François Caron placing 3rd in 2020, and Maxime Boudreault placing 3rd in 2021. The provinces of Canada hold annual championships with the top 2-4 athletes going on to the National Championships at the end of the year to crown Canada's Strongest Man. Mitchell Hooper's win at 2023 World's Strongest Man makes him the first Canadian to finish in first place.
Nohra
Nohra (German pronunciation: [ˈnoːʁa]) is a village and a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. On 1 December 2007, the municipality of Utzberg was incorporated into Nohra. Nohra later became part of Grammetal municipality in December 2019.

Nohra was the location of the first Nazi concentration camp, established on 3 March 1933.  Prisoners were incarcerated in a school building.

The former Luftwaffe airbase at Nohra was used by the Soviet Army for helicopter operations from 1945 until their withdrawal in 1992. The airfield had a short runway, a hangar and a radio beacon. Subsequently, the department for regional development largely demolished the complex, but a few elements were preserved because of their historic value, including a large stone statue of Lenin which was restored.

Utzberg
Utzberg is a former municipality in the Weimarer Land district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 December 2007, it is part of the municipality Nohra. Since December 2019, it is part of the municipality Grammetal.
Armada F/X Racers
Armada F/X Racers is a 2000 video game for the Game Boy Color, developed by Metropolis Digital and published by Metro3D. The game is a futuristic-themed racing game based on the 1999 Dreamcast game Armada.

Armada (video game)
Armada is a video game developed by Metropolis Digital and published by Metro3D. It was released for the Sega Dreamcast in North America on November 26, 1999. Armada is a shooter role-playing game (RPG) that allows up to four players to fly about the universe, fighting the enemy, performing missions and improving their ship.
Liulin, Baota District
Liulin (simplified Chinese: 柳林镇; traditional Chinese: 柳林鎮; pinyin: Liǔlín Zhèn) is a town in Baota District, Yan'an, Shaanxi province, China. Liulin is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Yan'an's urban center, and spans an area of 251.00 square kilometres (96.91 sq mi). Liulin has a population of 46,991 according to the 2010 Chinese Census.

Baota District
Baota District (simplified Chinese: 宝塔区; traditional Chinese: 寶塔區; pinyin: Bǎotǎ Qū) is a district in Yan'an, Shaanxi, China. The district has an area of 3,537.6 square kilometres (1,365.9 mi2), and a permanent population of 497,085 as of 2019. Baota District serves as Yan'an's administrative center, hosting the city's government offices. The district is Yan'an's urban core, as it is highly urbanized, with over 80% of its population living in urban areas. The majority of Baota District's economy is derived from its tertiary sector, though the district is home to other economic activities such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and petroleum extraction.
Rastislav of Moravia
Rastislav or Rostislav (Latin: Rastiz; Greek: Ῥασισθλάβος, romanized: Rhasisthlábos) was the second known ruler of Moravia (846–870). Although he started his reign as vassal to Louis the German, the king of East Francia, he consolidated his rule to the extent that after 855 he was able to repel a series of Frankish attacks. Upon his initiative, brothers Cyril and Methodius, sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863, translated the most important Christian liturgical books into Slavonic. Rastislav was dethroned by his nephew Svatopluk I of Moravia, who handed him over to the Franks. He was canonized by the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1994 and is also known as Saint Rastislav.

Carloman of Bavaria
Carloman (German: Karlmann, Latin: Carlomannus; c. 830 – 22 March 880) was a Frankish king of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the eldest son of Louis the German, king of East Francia, and Hemma, daughter of a Bavarian count. His father appointed him governor of Carantania in 856, and commander of southeastern frontier marches in 864. Upon his father's death in 876 he became king of Bavaria. He was appointed by King Louis II of Italy as his successor, but the Kingdom of Italy was taken by his uncle Charles the Bald in 875. Carloman only conquered it in 877. In 879 he was incapacitated, perhaps by a stroke, and abdicated his domains in favour of his younger brothers: Bavaria to Louis the Younger and Italy to Charles the Fat.
Dales Countryside Museum
The Dales Countryside Museum is a local museum which also functions as a visitor centre for the Yorkshire Dales National Park in Northern England. Run by the National Park Authority, it tells the story of the people who have lived and worked in the Yorkshire Dales for over a 1,000 years. The basis of the museum was a collection of artefacts gathered by Marie Hartley, Ella Pontefract and Joan Ingilby.

Yorkshire Dales National Park
The Yorkshire Dales National Park is a 2,178 km2 (841 sq mi) national park in England which covers most of the Yorkshire Dales, the Howgill Fells, and the Orton Fells. The Nidderdale area of the Yorkshire Dales is not within the national park, and has instead been designated a national landscape. Most of the park is within North Yorkshire, with a sizeable area in Cumbria and a small part in Lancashire. The park was designated in 1954, and extended in 2016. More than 95% of the land in the park is privately owned; there are over 1,000 farms in this area.

In 2020, the national park was named an International Dark Sky Reserve. This means that the area has "low levels of light pollution with good conditions for astronomy".

As of 2017, some 23,500 residents live within the park boundary; a 2018 report estimated that the park attracted more than four million visitors per year. The economy consists primarily of tourism and agriculture.
Úmbita
Úmbita is a town and municipality in the Márquez Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. Úmbita is situated on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense at a distance of 70 kilometres (43 mi) from department capital Tunja and borders Nuevo Colón and Tibaná in the north, Chinavita in the east, La Capilla and Tibiritá (Cundinamarca) in the south and in the west Villapinzón (Cundinamarca) and Turmequé. The altitude within the municipality ranges from 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) to 3,400 metres (11,200 ft).

Chinavita
Chinavita is a town and municipality in the Neira Province, part of the Colombian department of Boyacá. The urban centre of Chinavita is located at 39 kilometres (24 mi) from the department capital Tunja on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense and the municipality borders Tibaná and Ramiriquí in the north, Ramiriquí and Miraflores in the east, Garagoa in the south and in the west Pachavita and Úmbita.
Court of Ontario
The Court of Ontario is the formal legal title describing the combination of both Ontario trial courts — the Superior Court of Justice and the Ontario Court of Justice.

As a result of amendments to Ontario's Courts of Justice Act that came into effect in 1999, the Court of Ontario is the continuation of the court previously known as the "Ontario Court of Justice".

Although the Superior Court of Justice and Ontario Court of Justice are formally divisions of the Court of Ontario, the two courts have different rules, powers and jurisdictions, and their judges are appointed by different levels of government. In practice, the Superior Court of Justice and the Ontario Court of Justice operate as separate courts, but under the legislation, they are formally divisions of the Court of Ontario.

Ontario Court of Justice
The Ontario Court of Justice is the provincial court of record for the Canadian province of Ontario. The court sits at more than 200 locations across the province and oversees matters relating to family law, criminal law, and provincial offences.
Robert Chambers (development scholar)
Robert John Haylock Chambers OBE (born 1 May 1932) is a British academic and development practitioner. He spent his academic career at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. In 2013 he became an honorary fellow of the International Institute of Social Studies.

Participatory rural appraisal
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is an approach used by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other agencies involved in international development. The approach aims to incorporate the knowledge and opinions of rural people in the planning and management of development projects and programmes.
Central Florida Railroad Museum
The Central Florida Railroad Museum is located at 101 South Boyd Street, Winter Garden, Florida in a former Tavares and Gulf depot built in 1913.  It is open Tuesday-Friday from 11:00am until 3:00pm, and Saturday from 10:00am until 3:00pm, excluding holidays. The museum contains exhibits depicting Central Florida's railroading history, including a large collection of dining car china. It is part of the Winter Garden Downtown Historic District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  The museum is operated by the Central Florida Railway Historical Society and opened in 1983. The museum operates in conjunction with the Winter Garden Heritage Foundation.

Winter Garden, Florida
Winter Garden is a city in western Orange County, Florida, United States. Located 14 miles (23 km) west of Downtown Orlando, it is part of the Orlando metropolitan area. The population was 46,964 as of the 2020 census.
2023 Malaysia Cup
The 2023 Malaysia Cup (Malay: Piala Malaysia 2023), officially known as the TM Piala Malaysia 2023 for sponsorship reasons, was the 97th edition of Malaysia Cup tournament organised by the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) and the Malaysian Football League (MFL).

Johor Darul Ta'zim were the defending champions. They defended the title, beating Terengganu 3–1 in the final.

2023 Malaysia M3 League
The 2023 Malaysia M3 League,  known as the 2023 MBSB Bank Championship for sponsorship reasons, was the third season of the MBSB Bank Championship, the second tier football league in Malaysia, since its establishment in 2019. The season lasted from March to October.
Dunn School, Los Olivos
Dunn School is a private, independent, boarding and day school for grades 6-12 located on 55 acres (22 ha) in Los Olivos, California, United States, in the Santa Ynez Valley. It was founded in 1957, by Tony Dunn under the name "The Valley School."

The school comprises a middle school, which serves 75 day students in grades 6–8, and an upper school (grades 9–12). Approximately 60% of the 175 upper school students board in on-campus dormitories. Total school enrollment is 250 students.

Dunn's motto is the Latin phrase Ne Tentes Aut Perfice, which translates to “All or Nothing.”

Santa Ynez Valley
The Santa Ynez Valley (Spanish: Valle de Santa Ynez) is located in Santa Barbara County, California, between the Santa Ynez Mountains to the south and the San Rafael Mountains to the north. The Santa Ynez River flows through the valley from east to west. The Santa Ynez Valley is separated from the Los Alamos Valley, to the northwest, by the Purisima Hills, and from the Santa Maria Valley by the Solomon Hills. The Santa Rita Hills separate the Santa Ynez Valley from the Santa Rita and Lompoc Valleys to the west.

The valley has a population of about 20,000 residents living in the communities of Solvang, Los Olivos, Santa Ynez, Buellton, and Ballard.