hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Pastonian Stage
The Pre-Pastonian Stage or Baventian Stage (from Easton Bavents in Suffolk), is the name for an early Pleistocene stage of geological history in the British Isles. It precedes the Pastonian Stage and follows the Bramertonian Stage. This stage ended 1.806 Ma (million years ago) at the end of Marine Isotope Stage 65. It is not currently known when this stage started. The Pre-Pastonian Stage is equivalent to the Tiglian C4c Stage of Europe and the Pre-Illinoian J glaciation of the early Pre-Illinoian Stage of North America.

Pollen evidence indicates that there were climatic fluctuations from cooler to warmer climates throughout this stage.

Bramertonian Stage
The Bramertonian Stage is the name for an early Pleistocene  biostratigraphic stage of geological history the British Isles. It precedes the Pre-Pastonian Stage (Baventian Stage). It derives its name from Bramerton Pits in Norfolk, where the deposits can be found on the surface. The exact timing of the beginning and end of the Bramertonian Stage is currently unknown. It is only known that it is equivalent to the Tiglian C1-4b Stage of Europe and early Pre-Illinoian Stage of North America. It lies somewhere in time between Marine Oxygen Isotope stages 65 to 95 and somewhere between 1.816 and 2.427 Ma (million years ago). The Bramertonian is correlated with the Antian stage identified from pollen assemblages in the Ludham borehole.

During this stage, the climate was temperate with evidence for mixed oak forest in southern England and the arrival of hemlock. Evidence from East Anglia suggests sea levels were higher than they are today.
Fractale
Fractale (フラクタル, Furakutaru) is an 11-episode Japanese anime television series created by Mandelbrot Engine, an artist collective consisting of critic and novelist Hiroki Azuma, screenwriter Mari Okada, and director Yutaka Yamamoto. The anime aired in Japan between January and March 2011 on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block. A manga illustrated by Mutsumi Akasaki was serialized in Square Enix's Gangan Online between September 2010 and November 2011.

Mari Okada
Mari Okada (Japanese: 岡田 麿里, Hepburn: Okada Mari; born 23 April 1976) is a Japanese screenwriter, director and manga artist. She is one of the most prolific writers currently working in the anime industry. She won the 16th Animation Kobe Award.

Among her credits, Okada is best known for her writing and producing work on acclaimed anime series and films, including Toradora!, Anohana, Gosick, The Pet Girl of Sakurasou, Maquia: When the Promised Flower Blooms, and her original manga series and its anime adaptation O Maidens in Your Savage Season.
Alpette
Alpette (Piedmontese: J'Alpëtte, Franco-Provençal: La Alpete) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin.

Alpette borders the following municipalities: Pont Canavese, Sparone, Cuorgnè, and Canischio.

Pont-Canavese
Pont Canavese (Piedmontese: Punt, Arpitan: Pont) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin. It occupies a small fluvial plain between the rivers Orco and Soana: its names (Pont, derived from the Latin ad duos pontes, being the Franco-Provençal word for "bridge") derives from the series of  bridges that were historically built here to cross those rivers.

Pont Canavese borders the following municipalities: Ronco Canavese, Ingria, Frassinetto, Sparone, Chiesanuova, Cuorgnè and Alpette. Sights include the archaeological site of Santa Maria in Doblazio, the church of San Costanzo (1328) and a series of towers of medieval origins, once belonging to the local most powerful families.
Book scanning
Book scanning or book digitization (also: magazine scanning or magazine digitization) is the process of converting physical books and magazines into digital media such as images, electronic text, or electronic books (e-books) by using an image scanner. Large scale book scanning projects have made many books available online. Digital books can be easily distributed, reproduced, and read on-screen. Image scanners may be manual or automated. After scanning, software adjusts the document images by lining it up, cropping it, picture-editing it, and converting it to text and final e-book form. Scanning resolution for book digitization varies depending on the purpose and nature of the material. High-end scanners capable of thousands of pages per hour can cost thousands of dollars. Projects like Project Gutenberg, Million Book Project, Google Books, and the Open Content Alliance scan books on a large scale. Image scanners may be manual or automated.

E-text
e-text (from "electronic text"; sometimes written as etext) is a general term for any document that is read in digital form, and especially a document that is mainly text. For example, a computer-based book of art with minimal text, or a set of photographs or scans of pages, would not usually be called an "e-text".  An e-text may be a binary or a plain text file, viewed with any open source or proprietary software. An e-text may have markup or other formatting information, or not. An e-text may be an electronic edition of a work originally composed or published in other media, or may be created in electronic form originally. The term is usually synonymous with e-book.
Koda Kumi Remix Album
Koda Kumi Remix Album is the first remix album by Japanese R&B-turned-pop singer Koda Kumi. It was released on February 22, 2006, the same day as her last single from 12 Singles Project, Someday/Boys♥Girls. It was only available as a digital download to those who bought all 12 singles from Best ~second session~ album, and includes eight songs.

This was Kumi's first remix album before her Driving Hit's series of remix albums, which began in 2009.

Koda Kumi
Kumiko Kōda (神田 來未子, Kōda Kumiko; born November 13, 1982), known professionally as Koda Kumi (倖田 來未, Kōda Kumi), is a Japanese singer from Kyoto, known for her urban and R&B songs.

After debuting with the single "Take Back" in December 2000, Koda gained fame in March 2003 when the songs from her seventh single, "Real Emotion/1000 no Kotoba", were used as themes for the video game Final Fantasy X-2. Her popularity grew with the release of her fourth studio album Secret (2005), her sixteenth single "Butterfly" (2005), and her first greatest hits album Best: First Things (2005), reaching the number-three, number-two, and number-one spots respectively.

Though her early releases presented a conservative, quiet image, she has become a fashion leader among young women, setting trends such as the ero-kakkoii style. In 2006 and 2007, Oricon named Koda as the top selling artist of the year.
Alina Melnyk
Alina Melnyk (Ukrainian: Аліна Мельник, born 17 May 2005) is a retired Ukrainian rhythmic gymnast. She represented 2024 Summer Olympics in the group all-around. She won a bronze medal at the 2023 World Championships in 3 ribbons and 2 balls, a silver medal in teams at the 2023 European Championships and a bronze medal at the 2024 European Championships in 3 ribbons and 2 balls.

Mariia Vysochanska
Mariia Olehivna Vysochanska (Ukrainian: Марія Олегівна Височанська; born 10 September 2002) is a Ukrainian retired rhythmic gymnast. She represented Ukraine at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Olympics in the group all-around. She won a bronze medal at the 2023 World Championships in 3 ribbons and 2 balls. She won two gold medals, a silver medal, and a bronze medal at the 2020 European Championships. She also won a silver medal at the 2023 European Championships and a bronze medal at the 2024 European Championships.
Zero heating building
Zero-heating building or nearly zero-heating building (nZHB) is a building having essentially zero heating demand, defined as having heating demand, Q'NH, less than 3 kWh/(m2a). The zero-heating building is intended for use in heating-dominated areas. The purpose of the zero-heating building is to supersede net-zero energy buildings as a way to bring building-related greenhouse gas emissions to zero in the EU. Zero-heating buildings address flawed net-zero energy buildings: the requirement for seasonal energy storage, in some cases poor comfort of living and narrow design options.

Passive solar building design
In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy, in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.

The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate performing an accurate site analysis. Elements to be considered include window placement and size, and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or "retrofitted".
Trịnh lords
The Trịnh lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Trịnh; Chữ Hán: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as Viceroy of Trịnh (Vietnamese: Trịnh Vương ; chữ Hán: 鄭王), also known as the House of Trịnh or the Trịnh clan (Trịnh thị; 鄭氏), were a feudal noble clan that ruled Đàng Ngoài (known by the exonym Tonkin) during the Revival Lê dynasty. The Trịnh lords were de jure subordinates of the Lê dynasty emperors but were in actuality the de facto rulers of northern Vietnam.

The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the Nguyễn clan, were called "Chúa" (主, Lord) by their subjects and controlled northern and southern Vietnam respectively, leaving the Later Lê emperors as rulers in name only. The Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the Later Lê dynasty and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.

Đàng Ngoài
Đàng Ngoài  (chữ Hán: 唐外, lit. "Outer Land"), also known as Bắc Hà (北河, "North of the River") or  Kingdom of Annam (安南國) by foreigners, was an area in northern Đại Việt (now Vietnam) during the 17th and 18th centuries as the result of Trịnh–Nguyễn War. The name Đàng Ngoài was first recorded in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum by Alexandre de Rhodes.

Đàng Ngoài was de facto ruled by the Trịnh lords with the Lê emperors acting as titular rulers. The capital was Thăng Long (now Hanoi). Thăng Long was also known as Đông Kinh 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài "Tonkin" originated. It was bordered by Đàng Trong (under the Nguyễn lords) along the Gianh River in Quảng Bình province. The names gradually fell into disuse after Nguyễn Ánh reunified Đại Việt.
Jason Brando
Jason Brando is a Canadian record producer, songwriter, and music executive based in Montreal, Quebec. He is the founder and creative director of Cult Nation, an independent record label and talent management company. Brando is known for his long-term creative partnership with singer Charlotte Cardin, having co-written and produced her debut album Phoenix (2021) and sophomore album 99 Nights (2023). He received dual Juno Award nominations for Songwriter of the Year and Producer of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2024.

In 2025, Brando was named to the Billboard Canada Power Players list in the Managers to Watch category.

Charlotte Cardin
Charlotte Cardin (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁlɔt kaʁdɛ̃]; born November 9, 1994) is a Canadian singer. She has been nominated for 14 Juno Awards. In 2022, she received four awards for Artist of the Year, Single of the Year for her song "Meaningless", Pop Album of the Year and Album of the Year for her 2021 debut album Phoenix. Her second album, 99 Nights, was released in 2023 and won the 2024 Junos for Pop Album of the Year and Album of the Year.
F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)
"F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" is a song by American R&B singer-songwriter Frankee, released as her debut single in March 2004. The song was recorded as an answer song to Eamon's hit single "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)" and is based on the same melody. Although Frankee claimed to be Eamon's ex-girlfriend and that "Fuck It" was written about her, Eamon has denied this. "F.U.R.B." peaked at number one in the United Kingdom and Australia and also entered the US Billboard Hot 100, reaching number 63. Elsewhere, the song became a top-10 hit in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, and Norway.

Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)
"Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)", known as "I Don't Want You Back" for the clean version, is a song by American singer-songwriter Eamon, released as his debut single. The song was co-written by Eamon, Kirk Robinson, and Mark Passy. It was released on November 10, 2003, as the lead single from Eamon's first album, I Don't Want You Back (2004). The song is notable for the frequency of its expletives.

"Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)" topped the charts in many countries, including Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. An Italian-language version titled "Solo" (English: "Alone") was also released, reaching number two in Italy.
365 Days of Astronomy
365 Days of Astronomy is an educational podcast, inspired by the International Year of Astronomy, published daily beginning in 2009. It is produced as a collaboration between Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and Astrosphere New Media Association. The individual episodes are written, recorded, and produced by people all around the world. The podcast had 3,000–10,000 listeners each day.

International Year of Astronomy
The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's Astronomia nova in the 17th century. The Year was declared by the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations. A global scheme, laid out by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), was also endorsed by UNESCO, the UN body responsible for educational, scientific, and cultural matters.

The IAU coordinated the International Year of Astronomy in 2009. This initiative was an opportunity for the citizens of Earth to gain a deeper insight into astronomy's role in enriching all human cultures. Moreover, served as a platform for informing the public about the latest astronomical discoveries while emphasizing the essential role of astronomy in science education. IYA2009 was sponsored by Celestron and Thales Alenia Space.
Maureen Bunyan
Maureen Bunyan (born February 27, 1946, in Aruba) is an Aruban-American Washington, D.C.–based television journalist. She was the lead co-anchor at WUSA for 22 years from 1973 to 1995. In 1999 she returned to television when she co-anchored WJLA-TV, helping them to rise to number two in the market.

Bunyan is a founder and board member of IWMF (International Women's Media Foundation), a founder of the National Association of Black Journalists. and President of Maureen Bunyan Communications, Inc.

She was named a "Washingtonian of the Year" in 1992 and has been inducted into the Hall of Fame of the Washington Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists, "The Silver Circle" of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS), and the Broadcast Pioneers Club of Washington.

Gordon Peterson
Gordon Peterson (born 1938) is an American broadcast journalist and television news anchor.  He was most recently the 6 p.m. co-anchor for ABC affiliate WJLA-TV and from 1988 to 2013 was also moderator and producer of Inside Washington, a political roundtable discussion about current political events in Washington.  He has won multiple Emmy Awards during his broadcast career.
Adriaan Joseph van Rossem
Adriaan Joseph van Rossem (December 17, 1892 in Chicago – September 4, 1949) was an American ornithologist of Dutch ancestry. He came from an affluent family where his father died very early in his life. Van Rossem went on to attend both public and private schools. In his teens he became influenced by Joseph Grinnell who led him into ornithology. He later did much work with Donald Ryder Dickey and shared the 1941 Brewster Medal with him. He was curator of the Donald Ryder Dickey Collection (first housed at the California Institute of Technology and later at the University of California Los Angeles) from 1912 to his death.  He was a 1939 Guggenheim Fellow and received an honorary doctorate from Occidental College in 1948.

Donald Ryder Dickey
Donald Ryder Dickey (1887–1932) was an American ornithologist, mammalogist, and nature photographer. He collected 50,000 specimens and produced 7,500 photographs and moving images of nature subjects. At his death, his collection of bird and mammal specimens was the largest private collection in the United States.
José Núñez de Cáceres
José Núñez de Cáceres y Albor (March 14, 1772 – September 11, 1846) was a Dominican revolutionary and writer. Known for being the leader of the first Dominican independence movement against Spain in 1821, his actions preceded the Dominican War of Independence.

Before its independence, while Spain exercised a perfunctory rule over the east side of Hispaniola, Núñez de Cáceres pioneered the use of literature as a weapon for social protest and anti-colonial politics. He was also the first Dominican fabulist and one of the first criollo storytellers in Spanish America. Many of his works appeared in his own satirical newspaper, El Duende, the second newspaper created in Santo Domingo. He was only president of the short-lived Republic of Spanish Haiti, which existed from December 1, 1821, to February 9, 1822. This period was known as the ephemeral independence because it quickly ended with the Haitian Military Occupation of Santo Domingo.

Juan Vicente Moscoso
Dr. Juan Vicente Moscoco Carvajal (June 3, 1777 – September 29, 1837), nicknamed the "Dominican Socrates", was a lawyer, politician, educator and assessor of the royal artillery of Santo Domingo. He was mayor of Santo Domingo during the period of España Boba ("Foolish Spain"), among other public offices. He obtained a doctorate of canon law and civic law from the University of Santo Tomas de Aquino in 1791.
Kristo Immanuel
Kristo Immanuel Caesar (born 28 February 1997) is an Indonesian actor, internet personality, impressionist, and director. He rose to prominence in 2019 after his impersonation videos went viral on Instagram. He then has starred in various films, including Timo Tjahjanto's The Big 4 (2022) and Yosep Anggi Noen's 24 Hours with Gaspar (2023). He made his directorial debut with Better Off Dead in 2025, which earned him a nomination for a Citra Award for Best Original Screenplay at the 2025 ceremony.

The Big 4
The Big 4 is a 2022 action comedy film written and directed by Timo Tjahjanto. Released by Netflix on 15 December 2022, it tells the story of four retired assassins–played by Abimana Aryasatya, Lutesha, Arie Kriting, and Kristo Immanuel–who spring back into action when they cross paths with a straight-arrow cop (Putri Marino) who is determined to track down an elusive murderer.

Upon release, The Big 4 received mostly positive reviews from critics, and was ranked within the top 10 most-watched titles in 53 countries, including in Indonesia, where it was the top-ranked film. Tjahjanto has expressed intentions to develop a sequel.
Coventina
Coventina was a Romano-British goddess of wells and springs. She is known from multiple inscriptions at one site in Northumberland, England, an area surrounding a wellspring near Carrawburgh on Hadrian's Wall. It is possible that other inscriptions, two from Hispania and one from Narbonensis, refer to Coventina, but this is disputed.

Carrawburgh
Carrawburgh is a settlement in Northumberland. In Roman times, it was the site of a 3+1⁄2-acre (1.5 ha) auxiliary fort on Hadrian's Wall called Brocolitia, Procolita, or Brocolita.

The name "Procolita" is found in the 5th-century document, the Notitia Dignitatum, and "Brocoliti" in the 7th-century Ravenna Cosmography. The name is probably based on the Celtic name for the place, and one possible translation put forward is 'badger holes'.
Zak Cummings
Zacharry "Zak" Michael Cummings (born August 2, 1984) is an American former professional mixed martial artist, who competed in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2007, he has also formerly competed for Strikeforce, MFC, Titan FC, and Bellator.

Yan Cabral
Yan Cabral (born 13 May 1983 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a mixed martial artist, grappler and 5th degree Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt practitioner and instructor associated with the Nova União academy. A former UFC fighter, Cabral trained mixed martial art (MMA) competing in the lightweight division. Head coach of the Aranha Association team, Cabral teaches out of Barcelona.
Jimmy Herring
Jimmy Herring (born January 22, 1962) is an American guitarist, known as the lead guitarist for the band Widespread Panic since 2006. He is a founding member of Aquarium Rescue Unit and Jazz Is Dead and has played with The Allman Brothers Band, Project Z, Derek Trucks Band, Phil Lesh and Friends, and The Dead.

Project Z (band)
Project Z was an American indie rock, jazz fusion, and jam band, active in the early 2000s.

Project Z  was founded by leader Jimmy Herring (guitar), Rickey Keller (bass), and Jeff Sipe (drums), as an offshoot of Sipe's Atlanta band Apartment Project, which often included Keller and which Herring sat in with on occasion.

The "Z" in the band name stands for "Zambi", Bruce Hampton's name for his personal and musical philosophy. Herring had played in Hampton's Aquarium Rescue Unit, and Keller had also played with Hampton.

According to Herring, the band's goal in live performances was to "totally improvise for real", sometimes detuning their instruments to prevent the band members from falling back on their existing musical vocabulary. According to Dean Budnick, "The result may not be everyone's cup of Z, but in the live setting, it is often a stunning, sublime experience".
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612 – 21 May 1650) was a Scottish nobleman, poet, soldier and later viceroy and captain general of Scotland. Montrose initially joined the Covenanters in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, but subsequently supported King Charles I as the English Civil War developed. From 1644 to 1646, and again in 1650, he fought in the civil war in Scotland on behalf of the King. He is referred to as the Great Montrose.

Following his defeat and capture at the Battle of Carbisdale, Montrose was tried by the Scottish Parliament and sentenced to death by hanging, followed by beheading and quartering. After the Restoration, Charles II paid £802 sterling for a lavish funeral in 1661. Montrose's reputation later changed from traitor or martyr to a romantic hero and subject of works by Walter Scott and John Buchan. His spectacular victories, which took his opponents by surprise, are remembered in military history for their tactical brilliance.

Battle of Auldearn
The Battle of Auldearn was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It took place on 9 May 1645, in and around the village of Auldearn in Nairnshire. It resulted in a victory for the royalists, led by the Marquess of Montrose and Alasdair MacColla, over Sir John Urry and an army raised by the Covenanter-dominated Scottish government.

The pibroch Blár Allt Earrann commemorates the battle. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and is protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.