hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sheikh Sadruddin
Sheikh Sadruddin was a Sufi mystic and chief of the jagir of Maler and an ancestor of the rulers of the Malerkotla State. He received the area of Maler as jagir from Bahlul Lodi after marrying his daughter Taj Murassa in 1454. He belonged to Sherwani tribe of Afghanistan.

Malerkotla
Malerkotla is a city and the district headquarters of Malerkotla district in the Indian state of Punjab. It served as the seat of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj. The state acceded to the union of India in 1947 and was merged with other nearby princely states to form the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).

When PEPSU was reorganised in 1956, the territories of the erstwhile state of Malerkotla became part of Punjab. It is situated on the Sangrur-Ludhiana State Highway (no. 11) and lies on the secondary Ludhiana-Delhi railway line. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Ludhiana and 35 kilometres (22 mi) from Sangrur.

In 2021, the city and some adjoining areas were carved out of Sangrur district to form the Malerkotla district.
Yarraford Rail Bridge over Beardy Waters
The Yarraford Rail Bridge is a heritage-listed closed railway bridge that carried the Main Northern Line across Beardy Waters, situated 694.371 kilometres (431.462 mi) from Central station, near Glen Innes, in the Glen Innes Severn local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge was designed by John Whitton in his capacity as Engineer-in-Chief for Railways and built in 1886. It is also known as Beardy River Railway Viaduct. The property is owned by Transport Asset Holding Entity, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Glen Innes, New South Wales
Glen Innes is a parish and town on the Northern Tablelands, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the centre of the Glen Innes Severn Shire Council. The town is located at the intersection of the New England Highway and the Gwydir Highway. At the 2021 census, Glen Innes had a population of 6,219
Minister of Marine (New Zealand)
The Minister of Marine in New Zealand was a former cabinet member appointed by the Prime Minister to be responsible for New Zealand's marine transport, aquaculture and fishing industries and in charge of the New Zealand Marine Department. The portfolio was abolished in 1972 with responsibilities split between the Minister of Transport (marine transport) and Minister of Agriculture (aquaculture and fishing). Similar duties are performed today by the Minister of Transport and Minister of Fisheries.

Minister for Oceans and Fisheries
The Minister for Oceans and Fisheries is a minister in the New Zealand Government responsible for the management of New Zealand's fisheries, including aquaculture, and for oceans policy.

The present minister is Shane Jones, a member of the New Zealand First party.
Prosodic unit
In linguistics, a prosodic unit is a segment of speech that occurs with specific prosodic properties. These properties can be those of stress, intonation (a single pitch and rhythm contour), or tonal patterns.

Prosodic units occur at a hierarchy of levels, from the syllable, the metrical foot and phonological word to the intonational unit (IU) and to a complete utterance. However, the term is often restricted to intermediate levels which do not have a dedicated terminology. Prosodic units do not generally correspond to syntactic units, such as phrases and clauses; it is thought that they reflect different aspects of how the brain processes speech, with prosodic units being generated through on-line interaction and processing, and with morphosyntactic units being more automated.

Intonation (linguistics)
In linguistics, intonation is the variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French?" is interpreted as a yes-or-no question when it is uttered with a single rising intonation contour, but is interpreted as an alternative question when uttered with a rising contour on "Spanish" and a falling contour on "French". Although intonation is primarily a matter of pitch variation, its effects almost always work hand-in-hand with other prosodic features. Intonation is distinct from tone, the phenomenon where pitch is used to distinguish words (as in Mandarin) or to mark grammatical features (as in Kinyarwanda).
Medical optical imaging
Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications,  pioneered by American Physical Chemist Britton Chance. Examples include optical microscopy, spectroscopy, endoscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler imaging, optical coherence tomography, and transdermal optical imaging. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, similar phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves.

Optical imaging systems may be divided into diffusive and ballistic imaging systems. A model for photon migration in turbid biological media has been developed by Bonner et al. Such a model can be applied for interpretation  data obtained from laser Doppler blood-flow monitors and for designing  protocols for therapeutic
excitation of tissue chromophores.

Diffuse optical imaging
Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a method of imaging using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or fluorescence-based methods. 
When used to create 3D volumetric models of the imaged material DOI is referred to as diffuse optical tomography, whereas 2D imaging methods are classified as diffuse optical imaging.

The technique has many applications to neuroscience, sports medicine, wound monitoring, and cancer detection. Typically DOI techniques monitor changes in concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and may additionally measure redox states of cytochromes. The technique may also be referred to as diffuse optical tomography (DOT), near infrared optical tomography (NIROT) or fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT), depending on the usage.

In neuroscience, functional measurements made using NIR wavelengths, DOI techniques may classify as functional near infrared spectroscopy fNIRS.
Berlin Turnpike
The Berlin Turnpike is a 12.17-mile (19.59 km) major thoroughfare carrying U.S. Route 5 (US 5) and Route 15 in New Haven County and Hartford County in the U.S. state of  Connecticut. The road begins one mile south of the Meriden–Berlin town line where Route 15 on the Wilbur Cross Parkway  merges with US 5 along North Broad Street in Meriden and terminates at the Wethersfield–Hartford town line. The local name of the street varies as it passes through multiple towns.

1.07 miles (1.72 km) south of the Hartford city line, US 5 and Route 15 leave the turnpike and follow the Wilbur Cross Highway northeast through Hartford towards the Charter Oak Bridge. The Berlin Turnpike continues north as a two-lane undivided road as part of Route 314 for 0.69 miles (1.11 km), and then as SR 543 for 0.38 miles (0.61 km) before entering Hartford as the municipally-maintained Maple Avenue.

Charter Oak Bridge
The Charter Oak Bridge is one of the three highway bridges over the Connecticut River between Hartford, Connecticut, and East Hartford, Connecticut. The twin steel stringer bridge carries the Wilbur Cross Highway (US 5/Route 15) over the river.

Named for Connecticut's famed Charter Oak, the original crossing opened as a toll bridge in the early 1940s, allowing through traffic to pass south of downtown Hartford. It was replaced by the current bridge in 1991, which is free to motorists. It has an average daily traffic of 79,800 motorists.
Co-production (media)
A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies from different countries (typically two to three) are working together.

Co-production also refers to the way services are produced by their users, in some parts or entirely.

Production company
A production company, production house, or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video. These groups consist of technical staff and members to 
produce the media, and are often incorporated as a commercial publisher.

Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project.  For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers, and theatrical direction.
Keith Moliné
Keith Moliné is a British guitarist and electronic musician, best known for his work in Pere Ubu.  He has also performed with David Thomas and Two Pale Boys, Infidel, They Came from the Stars I Saw Them, and Prescott.  He uses Roland, Variax and Fernandes Sustainer technology, allowing him to produce numerous overlapping instrument voicings within the context of "live" playing.

David Thomas (musician)
David Lynn Thomas (June 14, 1953 – April 23, 2025) was an American singer, songwriter, musician and poet based in the United Kingdom. He was one of the founding members of the American rock group Pere Ubu from 1975 to 1982, then 1987 through to his death in 2025. Earlier, he co-founded the proto-punk band Rocket from the Tombs, which lasted from 1974 to 1975. He also released several solo albums and collaborative projects. Most notable were the groups David Thomas and the Pedestrians as well as David Thomas and Two Pale Boys.

Though primarily a singer, he was an instrumentalist who also occasionally played melodeon, trombone, musette, guitar or other instruments.

Thomas had a distinctive, high-pitched voice; Emerson Dameron described Thomas' singing as "James Stewart trapped in an oboe". Greil Marcus wrote, "Mr Thomas's voice is that of a man muttering in a crowd. You think he's talking to himself until you realize he's talking to you."
Buttes, Neuchâtel
Buttes was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.

Saint-Sulpice, Neuchâtel
Saint-Sulpice was a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Boveresse, Buttes, Couvet, Fleurier, Les Bayards, Môtiers, Noiraigue, Saint-Sulpice and Travers merged to form Val-de-Travers.
Saint-Cloud
Saint-Cloud (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ klu]) is a French commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, 10 kilometres (6 miles) from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthiest towns, with the second-highest average household income of communities with 10,000 to 50,000 households.

Saint-Cloud is home to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), located in the Parc de Saint-Cloud's Pavillon de Breteuil.

Marnes-la-Coquette
Marnes-la-Coquette (French pronunciation: [maʁn la kɔkɛt] ⓘ) is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Located 13.1 km (8.1 mi) from the centre of Paris, the town is situated in the Hauts-de-Seine department on the departmental border with Yvelines between the Parc de Saint-Cloud and the Forest of Fausses-Reposes. This heavily wooded town developed around the area of Villeneuve-l'Étang that belonged to Napoleon III.

Marnes-la-Coquette has the tenth-highest average household income in France, at €94,320 per year in 2020.
Rosario, Batangas
Rosario, officially the Municipality of Rosario (Tagalog: Bayan ng Rosario),  is a  municipality in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 131,365 people.

The municipality is considered as among the interior municipalities of the Batangas Bay region, comprising eleven municipalities and two cities whose catchment areas drain into Batangas Bay. It is also dubbed as "The Rice Granary of Batangas".

Lipa, Batangas
Lipa ([lɪˈpa]), officially the City of Lipa (Filipino: Lungsod ng Lipa), is a  component city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 387,392 people.

It is the first city with a charter in the province and one of five cities in Batangas alongside Batangas City, Calaca, Santo Tomas, and Tanauan. It is located 78 kilometres (48 mi) south of Manila and is the most populous city of Batangas.

The Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) provide access to Batangas City and Metro Manila.
Braybrook, Victoria
Braybrook is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Maribyrnong local government area. Braybrook recorded a population of 9,682 at the 2021 census.

Braybrook is bounded in the west by Duke Street, in the north by the Maribyrnong River, in the east by Ashley Street, and in the south by the Sunbury railway line and Sunshine Road.

City of Sunshine
The City of Sunshine was a local government area about 13 kilometres (8 mi) west of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 80.05 square kilometres (30.91 sq mi), and existed from 1860 until 1994.
Hermandad Lírica
The Hermandad Lírica (Lyrical Sisterhood) was the name given to a group of 19th century Spanish Romantic women poets who congregated and gave each other mutual support. Their salon examined literature and the issues facing Spain in the 19th century. Their first publications started around 1840. The driving force in the group was the poet Carolina Coronado. The body of their work was homoerotic; directed at other women, often other poets. After twenty years the group began to wane and their work fell out of favour among Spanish critics, due to an increasing masculinisation of the literary field and a rejection on the part of educated male society to the idea that women should or could produce literature.

In addition to Coronado, members of the group included Vicenta García Miranda, Teresa Verdejo y Durán, Amalia Fenollosa, Rogelia León, María del Pilar Sinués, Ángela Grassi, Manuela Cambronero, Dolores Cabrera y Heredia and Robustiana Armiño, among others.

Carolina Coronado
Victoria Carolina Coronado y Romero de Tejada (12 December 1820 – 15 January 1911) was a Spanish writer, famous for her poetry, considered the equivalent of contemporary Romantic authors like Rosalía de Castro. As one of the most well-known poets writing in mid-19th-century Spain, she also played a diplomatic role (she was married to Horatio Perry, the American Secretary of the U.S. Legation in Madrid.) She both negotiated with the Spanish royal family in private and, through a series of widely published poems, promoted the aims of the Lincoln administration, especially abolition of slavery.
Brownsville, Kentucky
Brownsville is a home rule-class city in Edmonson County, Kentucky, in the United States. It is the county seat and is a certified Kentucky Trail Town. As of the 2020 census, Brownsville had a population of 875. It is included in the Bowling Green metropolitan area. It is just outside Mammoth Cave National Park.

Bowling Green metropolitan area, Kentucky
The Bowling Green Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties in Kentucky, anchored by the city of Bowling Green. As of 2014, the MSA had an estimated population of 165,732.
Woodlands, New Zealand
Woodlands is a small town in the Southland region of New Zealand's South Island on the banks of the Waihopai River.  It is northeast of Invercargill between Dacre and Longbush. Other nearby settlements are Rakahouka to the northwest and Rimu and Waituna to the south.

Longbush, Southland
Longbush is a community in the Southland region of New Zealand's South Island.  It is located in a rural area outside the city of Invercargill on the banks of the Waihopai River.  Just to the northeast is the larger town of Woodlands.There are two possible origins of the name Longbush, with one being that it is simply named after the shape of the bush. The second, however, is that it was named by the first travellers between Invercargill and Dunedin "and used the term as an indication of the length and weariness of the journey."

The community is located on State Highway 1 and the Main South Line railway between Kennington and Dacre.  Also nearby is the village of Rakahouka.  Passenger trains have not operated on the railway through Longbush since the cancellation of the Southerner on 10 February 2002, though this express service did not actually stop in Longbush either.
Queen Anne Cottage and Coach Barn
Queen Anne Cottage and Coach Barn is a Victorian style pair of buildings at Baldwin Lake, on the grounds of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, located in Arcadia and the San Gabriel Valley of southern California.

Elias Jackson "Lucky" Baldwin built the elaborate Coach Barn near the pond in 1879, and 'Baldwin's Belvedere' or the Santa Anita Ranch Guest Cottage on a peninsula in the pond in 1885−1886.  They are a California Historical Landmark, and were placed on the National Register of Historic Places for their significance as examples of Queen Anne Style architecture and for the associated, largely intact Victorian landscape design gardens.

Baldwin Lake (Los Angeles County, California)
Baldwin Lake is a sag pond in the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, which is in the San Gabriel Valley of Southern California, south of the San Gabriel Mountains. The pond, arboretum, and botanic garden are all within the city of Arcadia.

The pond is fed by stormwater and natural springs; water flows out of the pond to the aquifer at Raymond Fault, and on to the Rio Hondo. Baldwin Lake is part of the Los Angeles River watershed.

The area of the pond is about 4 acres (1.6 ha). Silt and pollutants embedded in the pond by surface runoff have reduced its depth from about 12 feet (3.7 m) to 30 inches (760 mm).
Kuch Reh Jeewiyal Pall
Kuch Reh Jeewiyal Pall is an Indian drama-series aired on DD National, which was later dubbed in Sindhi. The story revolves around a rivalry between two sisters.

This show started with telecast of three episodes a week, but due to high public demand the telecast was increased from 3 to 5 episodes a week.

It airs from Wednesday to Sunday, 9:20pm Pakistan time on Kawish Television Network (KTN TV). It also has repeats during the week.

Kawish Television Network
Kawish Television Network (KTN) is the first private Sindhi TV channel in Pakistan. It is the most-watched private Sindhi-language general entertainment television channel worldwide. The channel is part of the Kawish Group.
West Union Creek
West Union Creek is a 4.5-mile-long (7.2 km) stream originating on the eastern slope of Kings Mountain in the Santa Cruz Mountains, in San Mateo County, California, United States. It flows easterly down to the valley formed by the San Andreas Rift where it turns near the Phleger Estate to flow southeasterly on an unusually level course (for a mountain stream) to Adobe Corner in the town of Woodside where it then joins Bear Gulch Creek. This in turn flows to the San Francisquito Creek and ultimately, the San Francisco Bay.

Woodside, California
Woodside is an incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula. It has a council–manager system of government.

The population of the town was 5,309 at the 2020 census. The town's population has a median household income above $250,000 and median home price above $5 million. The town is known for its quaint and small town feel despite being close to Silicon Valley, and is home to many venture capital and investment firms.
Wards of Sylhet City Corporation
Sylhet City Corporation, that governs the Sylhet city in Bangladesh is divided into wards. As of 2022, it has 42 wards. The city was changed from a municipal board to a city corporation in 2001. As of June 2023, the total number of voters in the 42 wards of Sylhet City Corporation is 486,605.

Sylhet City Corporation
Sylhet City Corporation (Bengali: সিলেট সিটি কর্পোরেশন - in short: SCC), is a local government authority responsible for administering all civic services in the Sylhet, the city of Bangladesh. The SCC government is elected by popular vote every five years. The corporation is headed by a mayor, who oversees a council consisting of 56 councillors representing different wards of the city. The functions and powers of the SCC are defined under the provisions of The City Corporation act, 2009
Jusztinián György Serédi
Jusztinián György Serédi OSB (23 April 1884 – 29 March 1945) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Esztergom and Prince Primate of Hungary. He helped save many thousands of Polish refugees, including thousands of Polish Jews, by helping Henryk Sławik and his associates, like József Antall Senior.

Jusztinián György Serédi was born in Deáki, Hungary (now Diakovce, Slovakia). He joined the Order of Saint Benedict on 6 August 1901, Pannonhalma. He was professed on July 10, 1905. He was ordained on 14 July 1908. He was a member of the community of the abbey of Pannonhalma and faculty member of the International College S. Anselmo, Rome. He was procurator general of his order in Rome.

Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest
The Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest (Latin: Archidioecesis Strigoniensis–Budapestinensis; Hungarian: Esztergom-Budapesti főegyházmegye) is a Latin Church archdiocese and primatial seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary and the metropolitan see of one of Hungary's four Latin Church ecclesiastical provinces.

The archdiocese's archbishop retains the title of "Primate", which gives this see precedence over all other Latin Hungarian dioceses, including the fellow Metropolitan Archbishops of Eger, Kalocsa–Kecskemét and Veszprém, but the incumbent may be individually (and temporarily) outranked if one of them holds a (higher) cardinalate. Its current Archbishop is Péter Erdő.
Dendriscosticta
Dendriscosticta is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Peltigeraceae. The genus contains ten species that grow primarily on tree bark and branches across much of the Northern Hemisphere. Species are divided into two main groups based on their chemistry and geography: an Eastern Hemisphere lineage that produces gyrophoric acid and a mostly Western Hemisphere lineage that typically lacks this compound. These lichens often develop small outgrowths (isidia or phyllidia) on their upper surface and can form special structures harbouring cyanobacteria.

Peltigeraceae
The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae species have large and conspicuous, leathery thalli. They largely occur in cool-temperate to tropical montane climates. Tripartite thalli involving fungus, green algae and cyanobacteria are common in this family.