hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Van Staphorst v. Maryland
Van Staphorst v. Maryland, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 401 (1791), was the first case docketed with the United States Supreme Court. Although the court agreed to hear and decide the case, the suit was settled before oral arguments. Collet v. Collet was the first appellate case docketed with the court, but it was dropped before arguments. West v. Barnes was the first case decided by the court.

In the case, the Nicolaas and Jacob van Staphorst lent money to the State of Maryland during the Revolutionary War. Maryland refused to pay back the loan according to the terms the Van Staphorst brothers demanded. After the threat of Supreme Court litigation, the parties finally settled with each other.

United States Reports, volume 2
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 2 of the United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1791 to 1793. Case reports from other federal and state tribunals also appear in 2 U.S. (2 Dall.).
R-Area Air Force
The R-Area Air Force (R方面航空部隊, R-Hōmen Kōkū Butai) was a unit of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) during the Pacific War that was involved in the Guadalcanal Campaign and Solomon Islands Campaign. The unit operated seaplanes with a primary mission to protect resupply convoys headed for Guadalcanal and to conduct aerial reconnaissance.

Cactus Air Force
The Cactus Air Force was the ensemble of Allied air power assigned to the island of Guadalcanal from August 1942 until December 1942 during the most heavily contested phases of the Guadalcanal Campaign, particularly those operating from Henderson Field. The name is based on "Cactus", the Allied code name for the island. In 1943, the Cactus Air Force was absorbed into AirSols, a joint command of Allied air units in the Solomon Islands.
Certosa di Pavia
The Certosa di Pavia is a monastery complex in Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated near a small village of the same name in the Province of Pavia, 8 km (5.0 mi) north of Pavia. Built from 1396 to 1495, it was once located at the end of the Visconti Park a large hunting park and pleasure ground belonging to the Visconti dukes of Milan, of which today only scattered parts remain. It is one of the largest monasteries in Italy.

Certosa is the Italian translation of Charterhouse: a monastery of the cloistered monastic order of Carthusians founded by St. Bruno in 1044 at Grande Chartreuse. Though the Carthusians in their early centuries were known for their seclusion and asceticism and the plainness of their architecture, the Certosa is renowned for the exuberance of its architecture, in both the Gothic and Renaissance styles, and for its collection of artworks which are particularly representative of the region.

Ambrogio Bergognone
Ambrogio Bergognone (variously known as Ambrogio da Fossano, Ambrogio di Stefano da Fossano, Ambrogio Stefani da Fossano or as il Bergognone or Ambrogio Egogni, c. 1470s – 1523/1524) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period active in and near Milan.
Eynali Cable
38°5′38″N 46°19′37″E﻿ / ﻿38.09389°N 46.32694°E﻿ / 38.09389; 46.32694

Eynali Cable is a gondola lift in Mount Eynali at North of Tabriz, Iran. The lift is designed to be a three stage lift and the first phase is operational since Fall 2010.

Eynali
Eynali (Persian: عینالی), or On ibn Ali (عون بن علی),  is a mountain range in north of Tabriz, Iran. The range has a couple of peaks including Eynali (1800 m), Halileh (1850 m), Pakeh-chin (1945 m), Bahlul (1985 m) and the highest one Dand (2378 m). There is a tomb at top of the mountain which is believed to be the grave of two clerics which the mountain's name is related to them. There is a belief among people that originally the building was a Zoroasterian temple or a Church that the shrine name to is a cover to saving the structure from destruction during Muslims invasion.
Emeryk Hutten-Czapski
Emeryk Hutten-Czapski (Belarusian: Эмерык Гутэн-Чапскі), Leliwa coat of arms (17 October 1828 – 23 July 1896) was a Polish Count, scholar, ardent historical collector and numismatist.

Hutten-Czapski was born Emeryk Zachariasz Mikołaj Hutten-Czapski in the town of Stańkava (Polish: Stańków) near Minsk (today Belarus, then in Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire, formerly the Lithuanian part of the partitioned Poland). His parents were Count Karol Hutten-Czapski (1777-1836) and Fabianna Obuchowicz h. Jasieńczyk (1775-1836).  He was the grandson of Franciszek Stanisław Kostka Hutten-Czapski (1725-1802), the last voivode of Chełmno during the First Republic, who inherited parts of the Radziwiłł property in Belarus (including Stańkava) and in Volhynia and moved there from the former Royal Prussia.

Franciszek Stanisław Hutten-Czapski
Franciszek Stanislaw Kostka Hutten-Czapski, Leliwa coat of arms  (b. 1725, d. 9 April 1802 in Warsaw) - Count, Polish Senator, the last Governor of Chelmno (25 June 1766 – 9 April 1802), Member of the Bar Confederation. Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)(1762). An exhibition at the Royal Castle, Warsaw between November 9, 2005 and January 31, 2006, exhibited what was purported to be Franciszeks Order of the White Eagle, donated to the National Museum, Kraków by Emeryk Hutten-Czapski.

Son of Ignatius Czapski (1700–1746) (Governor of Gdańsk) and Teofila Konopacka (1680–1733) and heir to the family estate in Rynkówka.
MdCN
The Missile de Croisière Naval (MdCN), meaning Naval Cruise Missile, is a French turbojet-powered subsonic cruise missile intended for ship and submarine-based land-attack operations. Originally dubbed SCALP Naval, the program arose out of a requirement issued by the French Ministry of Defence for a more potent cruise missile capable of striking strategic and military targets from extended stand-off ranges in order to complement the air-launched SCALP-EG.

The MdCN entered operational service with the French Navy in 2017.

Suffren-class submarine
The Suffren class is a class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, designed by the French shipbuilder Naval Group (formerly DCNS) for the French Navy. It is intended to replace the Rubis class. Construction began in 2007 and the lead boat of the class, Suffren, was commissioned on 6 November 2020. It officially entered active service on 3 June 2022.
Rochester Bugs
The Rochester Bugs were a minor league baseball team based in Rochester, Minnesota. The team, managed by Art Lizzette, played in the Minnesota–Wisconsin League in 1912. It was the last professional team to come from the city until the 1958 Rochester A's.

Minnesota–Wisconsin League
The Minnesota–Wisconsin League, known as the "Minny" League, was a professional minor baseball league that existed from 1909 to 1912. It was a Class D league in 1909, 1910 and 1912 and a Class C league in 1911. As its name suggests, it featured teams based in the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Overlook Park station
Overlook Park is a light rail station in Portland, Oregon, United States, served by TriMet as part of the MAX Light Rail system. It is the eighth station southbound on the Yellow Line, which operates between North Portland, downtown Portland and Portland State University. The staggered side platform station is situated between the intersections of Fremont Street and Overlook Boulevard along the median of North Interstate Avenue, near the Interstate Medical Offices of Kaiser Permanente and a park with the same name. It is one of three stations serving North Portland's Overlook neighborhood along with North Prescott Street and North Killingsworth Street. Overlook Park station opened on May 1, 2004, as part of the Interstate MAX extension. Trains serve the station for approximately 21 hours per day on a headway of 15 minutes during most of the day.

Overlook Park (Portland, Oregon)
Overlook Park is a public park in north Portland, Oregon, United States.

The park is known for its picturesque views of downtown Portland. It features a variety of amenities, including sports fields, a playground, and walking paths. Located at the intersection of North Fremont Street and Interstate Avenue, the 10.93-acre (4.42 ha) park was acquired in 1930. It is accessible via the Overlook Park MAX station.

The park is home to a shelter and comfort station, constructed in the 1930s as part of a New Deal-era Works Progress Administration project. The shelter is considered a key historical feature of the park, providing a venue for small events and gatherings.

The park features extensive walking paths with scenic views of the Willamette River and downtown Portland. It also contains a playground, and sports fields which are used for soccer and other team sports.

The surrounding Overlook neighborhood also hosts several popular local businesses, and the Historic Overlook House.
Guadalupe, Cáceres
Guadalupe is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura. It has a total area of 68.19 km2 (23¼ sq. mi.) and, as of 1 January 2021, a registered population of 1,822. The monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe is situated here.

Guadalupe (Spain)
The Guadalupe or Guadalupejo is a river in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, a right-bank tributary of the Guadiana, which discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. Its course runs through the Spanish provinces of Cáceres and Badajoz.
Houndstooth
Houndstooth is a pattern of alternating light and dark checks used on fabric. It is also known as hounds tooth check, hound's tooth (and similar spellings), dogstooth, dogtooth or dog's tooth. The duotone pattern is characterized by a tessellation of light and dark solid checks alternating with light-and-dark diagonally-striped checks—similar in pattern to gingham plaid but with diagonally-striped squares in place of gingham's blended-tone squares. Traditionally, houndstooth uses black and white, although other contrasting colour combinations may be used.

Check (pattern)
Check (also checker, Brit: chequer, dicing, or checkerboard and checkerboard pattern) is a pattern of modified stripes consisting of crossed horizontal and vertical lines which form squares. The pattern typically contains two colours where a single checker (that is a single square within the check pattern) is surrounded on all four sides by a checker of a different colour.

The pattern is commonly placed onto garments and is, in certain social contexts, applied to clothing which is worn to signify cultural or political affiliations. Such is the case with check in ska and on the keffiyeh. The pattern's all-pervasiveness and simple layout has lent to its practical usage in scientific experimentation and observation, optometry, technology (hardware and software), and as a symbol for responders to associate meaning with.
Francis Blanche
François Jean Blanche, known as "Francis Blanche" (French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃sis blɑ̃ʃ]; 20 July 1921 – 6 July 1974) was a French actor, singer, humorist and author. He was a very popular figure on stage, radio and in films, during the 1950s and 1960s.

Babette Goes to War
Babette Goes to War (French: Babette s'en va-t-en guerre) is a 1959 French CinemaScope film starring Brigitte Bardot. It was Bardot's first movie since becoming a star where she did not take off her clothes.
Madura Station
Madura Station, also known as Madura Plains, is a pastoral lease and sheep station located about 700 kilometres (435 mi) east south east of Kalgoorlie in the Goldfields-Esperance region  of Western Australia. It is within the locality of Madura and the Eyre Highway runs along the boundary of the station.

Madura, Western Australia
Madura is a small roadhouse community located on the Eyre Highway in Western Australia, on the Roe Plains. It is 1,253 kilometres (779 mi) from Perth. It is at the foot of the escarpment next to the Madura Pass down from the Nullarbor Plain. UTC+8:45 is the local time zone in use.
2023 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships
The 2023 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships were held from 2 to 8 August 2023, at the Sir Chris Hoy Velodrome in Glasgow, United Kingdom. It was held as part of the inaugural UCI Cycling World Championships. The event was held as part of an integrated programme with the 2023 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, which began, and will end, a day later.

UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships
The UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships are the world championships for track cycling where athletes with a physical disability compete, organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

The Championships were earlier administered by the International Paralympic Committee.

The 1994, 1998, 2002  and 2007 IPC World Championships combined track and road events.  The UCI and the IPC organized the 2006 IPC Cycling World Championships. The first UCI Para-cycling World Championships took place in 2007.

The UCI awards a gold medal and a rainbow jersey to the winner and silver and bronze medals to the second and third.
Diocese of Andria
The Diocese of Andria (Latin: Dioecesis Andriensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Apulia, seated at Andria Cathedral which is built over a church dedicated to St. Peter, about ten miles southwest of Trani. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Bari-Bitonto. The diocese has 39 parishes, with one priest for every 1,573 Catholics.

Andria Cathedral
Andria Cathedral (Italian: Duomo di Andria, Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Andria in Apulia, Italy, which up to 2009 was in the Province of Bari but from then onwards part of the newly formed Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani. It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary and is the seat of the bishop of Andria.
Leningrad regional art exhibition (1964)
Zonal Art Exhibition "Leningrad" (Leningrad, 1964) (Russian: Зональная выставка "Ленинград" 1964 года) became one of the most significant, successful and productive events in the history of Soviet art exhibitions of the 1960s through the 1980s. The exhibition took place in State Russian Museum.

Maria Kleschar-Samokhvalova
Maria Alexeevna Kleschar-Samohvalova (Russian: Мария Алексеевна Клещар-Самохвалова; August 4, 1915 – July 21, 2000) was a Soviet Russian painter and graphic artist and a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (known as the Leningrad Union of Artists prior to 1992), who lived and worked in Leningrad - Petersburg. She is regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting.
Romanization of Hebrew
The Hebrew language uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel diacritics. The Romanization of Hebrew refers specifically to the use of the Latin alphabet to represent Hebrew words.
For example, the Hebrew name יִשְׂרָאֵל ('Israel') can be Romanized as Yisrael or Yiśrāʼēl in addition to Israel.

Particularly in contexts where the Latin alphabet is the dominant writing system, Romanization and transliteration are often used interchangeably. The actual relationship between the two terms is dependent on the discipline and/or context. However, generally speaking, one can safely define transliteration as the representation of words from one script in a different script. Romanization is a subset of transliteration, specifically referring to the representation of non-Latin or vernacular scripts in the Latin writing system. Transliteration and Romanization can—but do not necessarily—account for vowels even for abjads as Hebrew.

Tiberian vocalization
The Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian pointing, or Tiberian niqqud (Hebrew: הַנִּקּוּד הַטְּבֶרְיָנִי‎, romanized: hanniqquḏ haṭṭəḇeryāni) is a system of diacritics (niqqud) devised by the Masoretes of Tiberias to add to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible to produce the Masoretic Text. The system soon became used to vocalize other Hebrew texts as well.

Tiberian vocalization marks vowels and stress, distinguishes consonant quality and length, and serves as punctuation. While the Tiberian system was devised for Tiberian Hebrew, it has become the dominant system for vocalizing all forms of Hebrew. It has long since eclipsed the comparatively rudimentary Babylonian and Palestinian vocalization systems for writing Biblical Hebrew.
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
The Peter and Paul Cathedral (Russian: Петропавловский собор, romanized: Petropavlovskiy sobor) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, Russia. It is the first and oldest landmark in St. Petersburg, built between 1712 and 1733 on Hare Island along the Neva River. Both the cathedral and the fortress were originally built under Peter the Great and designed by Domenico Trezzini. The cathedral's bell tower is the world's tallest Orthodox bell tower. Since the belfry is not standalone, but an integral part of the main building, the cathedral is sometimes considered the second tallest Orthodox Church in the world. There is another Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul Church in St. Petersburg, located in Petergof.

Domenico Trezzini
Domenico Trezzini (Russian: Андрей Якимович Трезин, romanized: Andrey Yakimovich Trezin; c. 1670 – 1734) was an Italian Swiss architect who elaborated the Petrine Baroque style of Russian architecture.
Chris Rodda
Chris Rodda is an American author and blogger, who has commented extensively on religious and historical matters. She is the Senior Research Director for the Military Religious Freedom Foundation (MRFF).

Military Religious Freedom Foundation
The Military Religious Freedom Foundation (MRFF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that was founded in 2005 by Mikey Weinstein, a former Air Force officer and attorney. The organization's mission is to ensure that members of the United States Armed Forces are able to practice their religious beliefs without fear of discrimination or coercion, and to promote the separation of church and state within the military.
Morrow Point Reservoir
Morrow Point Reservoir is an 817-acre (331 ha) artificial reservoir on the Gunnison River in western Colorado.  Located in the upper Black Canyon of the Gunnison, the lake was created in 1968 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation as part of a larger plan to impound the upper section of the Gunnison and create opportunities for hydroelectric power generation, water conservation, and recreation.  Morrow Point Reservoir is managed by the National Park Service as a unit within the Curecanti National Recreation Area, and is the location of the Curecanti Needle, a striking 700-foot (210 m) granite spire on the reservoir's southern bank whose unique shape was for decades a recognized symbol of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.

Colorado River Storage Project
The Colorado River Storage Project is a United States Bureau of Reclamation project designed to oversee the development of the upper basin of the Colorado River. The project provides hydroelectric power, flood control and water storage for participating states along the upper portion of the Colorado River and its major tributaries.

Since its inception in 1956, the project has grown to include the participation of several related water management projects throughout the river's basin. The project's original scope, and primary focus, are the upper Colorado River itself, the Green River, the San Juan River, and the Gunnison River.

Participating states are Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming.
Type 87 RCV
The Type 87 Reconnaissance Combat Vehicle, also known as the RCV or by its nickname Black Eye (ブラックアイ), is a six-wheel drive reconnaissance vehicle designed and manufactured by Komatsu. It was developed from the earlier Type 82 Command and Communication Vehicle. The Type 87 is employed exclusively by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. According to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, the last vehicle was procured in 2013.

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Japanese: 陸上自衛隊, Hepburn: Rikujō Jieitai), JGSDF (陸自, Rikuji), also referred to as the Japanese Army, is the land warfare branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Created on July 1, 1954, it is the largest of the three service branches.

New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, direct the Self-Defense Forces away from their Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a new focus on China, especially in respect of the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.

The JGSDF operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Shinjuku, Tokyo. The present chief of staff is General Yasunori Morishita. The JGSDF numbered 247,000 soldiers in 2025.
GER Class S69
The Great Eastern Railway (GER) Class S69, also known as 1500 Class, and later classified B12 by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) is a class of 4-6-0 steam locomotive designed to haul express passenger trains from London Liverpool Street station along the Great Eastern Main Line. Originally they were designed by S. D. Holden, but were much rebuilt, resulting in several subclasses.

Seventy-one S69 locomotives were built between 1911 and 1921 and numbered 1500–1570. Fifty-one of these were built at the GER's Stratford Works and the remaining 20 by William Beardmore and Company. A further 10 locomotives were built by Beyer, Peacock and Company for the LNER in 1928 and numbered 8571–8580. From 1948 the British Railways numbers were 61500–61580 (with gaps).

Beyer, Peacock and Company
Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English general engineering company and railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson founded the company in 1854. The company closed its railway operations in the early 1960s. It retained its stock market listing until 1976, when it was bought and absorbed by National Chemical Industries of Saudi Arabia.
William Austin Whiting
William Austin Whiting (August 5, 1855 – January 18, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician of the Kingdom, Republic, and Territory of Hawaii. He served as Attorney General of Hawaii and was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. During his college years, he was captain of the 1875 Harvard Crimson football team.

1875–76 Harvard Crimson football team
The 1875–76 Harvard Crimson football team represented Harvard University in the 1875 college football season. The team finished with a 4–0 record and was retroactively named as the national champion by the National Championship Foundation and as a co-national champion by Parke H. Davis. The team captain was William A. Whiting.
2011 Copa Claro
The 2011 Copa Claro was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 14th edition of the Copa Claro, and was part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the 2011 ATP World Tour. It took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from February 14 through February 20, 2011. Nicolás Almagro won the singles title.

2011 ATP World Tour
The 2011 ATP World Tour was the elite men's professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2011 season. It was the 42nd edition of the tour and the calendar comprised the Grand Slam tournaments, supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2011 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organized by the ITF.

In singles, Novak Djokovic dominated the season. He won ten tournaments, including three Grand Slam (Australian Open, Wimbledon Championships and the US Open), and five Masters Series 1000 titles (Indian Wells, Miami, Madrid, Rome and Canada). He ended the year with a 6–0 record against Rafael Nadal and a 4–1 record against Roger Federer.
Englefeld, Saskatchewan
Englefeld (2016 population: 285) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of St. Peter No. 369 and Census Division No. 15. The village is located 32 kilometres east of the City of Humboldt on Highway 5.

Humboldt, Saskatchewan
Humboldt is a city in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located 113 km east of Saskatoon at the junction of Highway 5 and Highway 20. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Humboldt No. 370.