hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yale (surname)
The surname Yale is derived from the Welsh word "iâl", meaning "fertile ground". Iâl was the name of an important commote in Denbighshire, whose rulers, the princes of Powys Fadog, lords of Yale, were a cadet line of the royal House of Powys. For hundreds of years, their ancestral seat was at Castle Dinas Bran in Yale. Afterwards, baron Ellis ap Griffith attached the name to the estate of Plas-yn-Iâl, from which the House of Yale (or Yale family) became known.

The Yale surname was thus adopted from the maternal side of the family, while their coat of arms, which inspired those of Yale College, came from the paternal side, through the Fitzgeralds of Corsygedol. In the early modern period, the family produced Elihu Yale, a governor of Madras and benefactor of Yale University, ensuring that the name "Yale" achieved lasting prominence well beyond Wales.

Edwin R. Yale
General Edwin Rodolphus Yale (1804 – 1883) was an American military officer, Britannia ware manufacturer, and proprietor of the "United States Hotel", the largest hotel in America in the mid 1830s. He was also a founding member and the first president of the Sumter Club, an abolitionist society honoring the Fort Sumter event and the death of Abraham Lincoln.
Serena, Illinois
Serena is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. Serena has a post office with ZIP code 60549. Serena was the residence of Peg McDonnell Breslin, the first woman elected to the Illinois Appellate Court outside Cook County.

LaSalle County, Illinois
LaSalle County is a county located within the Fox Valley and Illinois River Valley regions of the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2020 Census, it had a population of 109,658. Its county seat and largest city is Ottawa. LaSalle County is part of the Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area of Northern Illinois.

LaSalle County borders Woodford, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Livingston, Lee, DeKalb, Kendall, and Grundy counties. Though LaSalle County is in the Chicago media market, it retains a unique identity with a mix of river towns and vast expanses of farmland. The county lies at the intersection of the Chicago, Peoria, Quad Cities and Rockford television markets with all four regions broadcasting within its borders and having a strong influence on the area, despite the county being only 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Chicago.
Southall F.C.
Southall Football Club is a football club representing Southall in the London Borough of Ealing, England. The club is affiliated to the Middlesex County Football Association. They are currently members of the Isthmian League South Central Division.

From the start of the 2025-26 season, Southall FC will ground share at Hayes & Yeading United's SKYex Community Stadium.

Marvin Priest
Marvin Cornell Elliott (born 27 October 1981), better known by his stage name Marvin Priest, is a British-born, Australian-based singer-songwriter. In November 2011 Priest released his debut studio album, Beats & Blips, in Australia, which spawned the top ten single "Own This Club" on the ARIA Singles Chart, as well as top 100 singles "Take Me Away" and "Feel the Love". "Own This Club" was also a top ten hit in New Zealand. At the APRA Music Awards of 2012 the track, which was co-written by Priest with Antonio Egizii and David Musumeci (of DNA Songs), won an award for Urban Work of the Year and was nominated for Most Played Australian Work.
43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot
The 43rd (Monmouthshire) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1741. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot (Light Infantry) to form the 1st and 2nd battalions of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry in 1881. The regiment went on to become the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry in 1908.

Battle of Nivelle
The Battle of Nivelle (10 November 1813) took place in front of the river Nivelle near the end of the Peninsular War (1808–1814). After the Allied siege of San Sebastian, Wellington's 80,000 British, Portuguese and Spanish troops (20,000 of the Spaniards were untried in battle) were in hot pursuit of Marshal Soult who had 60,000 men to place in a 20-mile perimeter, (32.1 km) which presented strong defensive positions. The French troops were overextended and could not have reserves behind them. After the Light Division, the main British army was ordered to attack and the 3rd Division split Soult's army in two. By two o'clock, Soult was in retreat and the British in a strong offensive position. Soult had lost another battle on French soil and had lost 4,500 men to Wellington's 5,500.
Dendrocolaptes
Dendrocolaptes is a genus of Neotropical birds in the Dendrocolaptinae subfamily.

The genus was introduced by the French naturalist Johann Hermann in 1804. The type species was subsequently designated as the Amazonian barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes certhia) by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron), meaning "tree", and κολάπτης (koláptēs), meaning "chiseller, pecker".

Amazonian barred woodcreeper
The Amazonian barred woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes certhia) is a sub-oscine passerine bird in subfamily Dendrocolaptinae of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
2008 IAAF World Athletics Final
The 6th IAAF World Athletics Final was held at the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Stuttgart, Germany on September 13 and September 14, 2008.

A number of road races also took place on the second day of competition. There were seven different starting points around the Stuttgart area and the distances varied from 21 to 30 kilometres, with every race finishing in the Arena. Runners could join mid-race at specified times to allow for shorter distances and the aim was to have the runners finishing at a similar time. The road race ceremony was inspired by a similar event during the 1993 World Championships in Athletics, which was also held in the city.

IAAF World Athletics Final
The IAAF World Athletics Final was an annual track and field competition organised by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). It was inaugurated in 2003 to replace the IAAF Grand Prix Final. The competition was part of the IAAF World Athletics Series and was the seasonal culmination of the IAAF World Outdoor Meetings series from 2003 to 2005, then the IAAF World Athletics Tour from 2006 to 2009. Due to changes in the one-day meeting system introduced by the IAAF, the World Athletics Final was discontinued after the 2009 season.
Juan del Olmo
Juan del Olmo (born 1958) is a Spanish judge in the 2004 Madrid train bombings case. In 2003, he ordered that the Euskaldunon Egunkaria newspaper be closed on grounds of accusations driven by a "narrow and erroneous view according to which everything that has to do with the Basque language and with culture in that language is promoted and/or controlled by ETA", as determined seven years after by a sentence of the Criminal Court of the Audiencia Nacional of Spain.

Egunkaria
Egunkaria (Basque for The Daily) for thirteen years was the only fully Basque language newspaper in circulation until it was closed down on 20 February 2003 by the Spanish authorities due to allegations of an illegal association with ETA, the armed Basque separatist group. After seven years, on 15 April 2010 the defendants were acquitted on all charges related to ties to ETA.  The issue of damages for the closure of the newspaper (which no longer operates) remains open, as well as the alleged torture of the members of the newspaper's executive board during detention.
Cerrina Monferrato
Cerrina Monferrato (population about 1,600) is a commune in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Turin and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Alessandria. Its municipal borders enclose an area of 17.3 square kilometres (6.7 sq mi) ranging in elevation from 158 to 422 metres (518 to 1,385 ft) above sea level. The commune borders Gabiano to the north, Mombello Monferrato to the east, Castelletto Merli and Odalengo Piccolo to the south, and Odalengo Grande and Villamiroglio to the west. The two principal population centres are Valle Cerrina which had a population of 583 at the time of the 2001 census, and Cerrina itself, the historic centre and capoluogo which had a population of 353. Montalero (pop. 35) and Rosingo (pop. 261) were both communes in their own right until 1928. The other settlements include Montaldo, Piancerreto and Gaminella: although the last lies mostly within the commune of Mombello Monferrato.

Villamiroglio
Villamiroglio (Vilamireu in Piedmontese) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northwest of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 336 and an area of 9.7 square kilometres (3.7 mi2).

Villamiroglio borders the following municipalities: Cerrina Monferrato, Gabiano, Moncestino, Odalengo Grande, and Verrua Savoia.
Spanish Academy in Rome
The Spanish Academy in Rome (Spanish: Real Academia de España en Roma) is a cultural institution created in 1873 under the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The academy's headquarters are in the cloister of the former monastery of San Pietro in Montorio, built on the Janiculum hill at the behest of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic Monarchs, between 1481 and 1500.

The convent is part of the Trastevere district and the Tempietto de Bramante, which is part of the complex, is undoubtedly its most famous architectural work.

Janiculum
The Janiculum (/dʒəˈnɪkjʊləm/ jə-NIK-yuu-ləm; Italian: Gianicolo [dʒaˈniːkolo]), occasionally known as the Janiculan Hill, is a hill in western Rome, Italy.  Although it is the second-tallest hill (the tallest being Monte Mario) in the contemporary city of Rome, the Janiculum does not figure among the proverbial Seven Hills of Rome, being west of the Tiber and outside the boundaries of the ancient city.
Pannonian island mountains
The Pannonian island mountains (Serbian: Панонске острвске планине / Panonske ostrvske planine, Croatian: Panonske otočne planine) is a term for isolated mountains scattered across the Pannonian Plain, chiefly its western and southern parts, in Hungary, Serbia and Croatia. In prehistoric times, these mountains were islands of the ancient Pannonian Sea that disappeared about 600,000 years ago.

The island mountains include:

Croatia

Central Slavonian Mountains:
Dilj
Krndija
Papuk
Psunj
Požeška Gora

Medvednica in western Croatia

Hungary

Transdanubian Mountains of western Hungary:
Bakony
Buda Hills
Gerecse
Pilis Mountains
Vértes Hills
Velence Mountains

Mecsek, in south Hungary

Kőszeg Mountains (Geschriebenstein), on Hungary–Austria border

Baranya Hills

Serbia (autonomous province of Vojvodina)

Fruška Gora

Vršac Mountains

Pannonian Basin
The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large, mainly lowland area in southeastern Central Europe, briefly described as a sedimentary basin. Under the geopolitically changed conditions created by World War I and the ensuing Treaty of Trianon, the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain was also used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene. However, Hungarian geographers consider the term "Pannonian Plain" not only unhistorical but also topographically highly erroneous. Regarding the name as such, they are arguing in terms of ancient history, namely that the northern and eastern boundary line of the namesake Roman province of Pannonia was formed by the River Danube, thus the Great Hungarian Plain was not  part of the original Pannonia province.
Hundred-Mile Wilderness
The Hundred-Mile Wilderness is a section of the Appalachian Trail in the state of Maine running between Monson and Abol Bridge over the West Branch of the Penobscot River just south of Baxter State Park. It is generally considered the most remote section of the Appalachian Trail,  and one of the most challenging to navigate and traverse. This section of the trail is crossed by several logging roads and is maintained by the Maine Appalachian Trail Club. It consists of a small corridor of protected wilderness surrounded by large tracts of public and private land controlled by paper companies. An increasing amount of the adjoining lands are being protected by groups like the Appalachian Mountain Club and the Nature Conservancy.

In 2000, a series of new logging roads and a marked side-trail offered hikers re-supply and lodging opportunities between miles 55 and 65 heading northbound from Monson.

45°36.9′N 69°9.8′W﻿ / ﻿45.6150°N 69.1633°W﻿ / 45.6150; -69.1633﻿ (Hundred-Mile Wilderness)

Appalachian Mountain Club
The Appalachian Mountain Club (AMC) is the oldest outdoor group in the United States. Created in Boston in 1876 to explore and conserve New Hampshire's White Mountains, it has expanded throughout the Northeastern United States with 12 chapters stretching from Maine to the District of Colombia. While the AMC no longer publishes their membership numbers, in 2024 they reported 65,729 people connected to the outdoors through a mix of outdoor recreation, particularly hiking and backpacking, with a focus on environmental activism. Additional activities include cross-country skiing, whitewater and flatwater canoeing and kayaking, sea kayaking, sailing, rock climbing and bicycle riding.  The Club has about 2,700 volunteers, who lead roughly 7,000 trips and activities per year. The organization publishes a number of books, guides, and trail maps.
Irma S. Rombauer
Irma Rombauer (née von Starkloff, October 30, 1877 – October 14, 1962) was an American cookbook author, best known for The Joy of Cooking (1931), one of the world's most widely read cookbooks. Following Irma Rombauer's death, periodic revisions of the book were carried out by her daughter, Marion Rombauer Becker, and subsequently by Marion's son Ethan Becker. The Joy of Cooking remains in print, edited by members of the Rombauer–Becker family, and more than 18 million copies have been sold.

Ethan Becker
Ethan Becker is an American knife maker. He is the son of Marion and John William Becker and grandson of Irma Starkloff Rombauer, the author of The Joy of Cooking. Becker studied at Cordon Bleu in Paris in 1971 and "was entrusted with" authorship of the book in 1976 by his mother.
New York State Route 7
New York State Route 7 (NY 7) is a 180.30-mile-long (290.16 km) state highway in New York in the United States. The highway runs from the Pennsylvania state line south of Binghamton in Broome County, New York,  to the Vermont state line east of Hoosick in Rensselaer County, where it continues as Vermont Route 9 (VT 9). Most of the road runs along the Susquehanna Valley, closely paralleling Interstate 88 (I-88) throughout that road's length. Portions of the highway route near the cities of Binghamton, Schenectady, and Troy date back to the early 19th century.

Fenton, New York
Fenton is a town in Broome County, New York, United States. The population was 6,441 at the 2020 census. The town was named after Reuben Fenton, a governor of New York.

The town is in the northeastern part of the county and is northeast of Binghamton.
Latvian diaspora
The Latvian diaspora refers to Latvians and people of Latvian descent residing outside Latvia.

According to estimates by the Latvian Foreign Ministry, as at 2012, about 370,000 Latvian citizens permanently resided outside of Latvia, most of them having emigrated in the preceding decade. The largest Latvian communities are in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Ireland, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Russia, Brazil, Belgium, Israel, Norway, Finland, Spain and Portugal.

Latvian Americans
Latvian Americans (Latvian: Amerikas latvieši) are Americans who are of Latvian ancestry. According to the 2019 American Community Survey, there are 85,723 Americans of full or partial Latvian descent.
Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor
The Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor is a display encircling the field of M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, honoring former players and personnel who have made outstanding contributions to the Baltimore Ravens and Baltimore Colts football organizations.

The Ring of Honor began in 2000, with the induction of Earnest Byner. In 2002, eight former Baltimore Colts players were added, followed by the induction of then-owner Art Modell a year later. Ten players and former head coach Brian Billick have been inducted since. Terrell Suggs became the latest member after being inducted on October 22, 2023.

Baltimore Colts
The Baltimore Colts were a professional American football team based in Baltimore from 1953 to 1983, when its owner Robert Irsay moved the franchise to Indianapolis. The team was named for Baltimore's history of horse breeding and racing. It was the second incarnation of the Baltimore Colts, the first having played for three years in the All-America Football Conference and one in the National Football League (NFL). The Baltimore Colts played their home games at Memorial Stadium.
Swedish phonology
Swedish has a large vowel inventory, with nine vowels distinguished in quality and to some degree in quantity, making 18 vowel phonemes in most dialects. Another notable feature is the pitch accent, a development which it shares with Norwegian. Swedish pronunciation of most consonants is similar to that of other Germanic languages.

There are 18 consonant phonemes, of which /ɧ/ and /r/ show considerable variation depending on both social and dialectal context.

Finland Swedish has a slightly different phonology.

Norwegian phonology
The sound system of Norwegian resembles that of Swedish. There is considerable variation among the dialects, and all pronunciations are considered by official policy to be equally correct – there is no official spoken standard, although it can be said that Eastern Norwegian Bokmål speech (not Norwegian Bokmål in general) has an unofficial spoken standard, called Urban East Norwegian or Standard East Norwegian (Norwegian: standard østnorsk), loosely based on the speech of the literate classes of the Oslo area. This variant is the most common one taught to foreign students.

There is no official standard variety of Norwegian, and local dialects are used extensively in spoken and visual media.

Unless noted otherwise, this article describes the phonology of Urban East Norwegian. The spelling is always Bokmål.
Martín Demichelis
Martín Gastón Demichelis (Spanish pronunciation: [maɾˈtin demiˈtʃelis]; born 20 December 1980) is an Argentine professional football manager and former footballer who played usually as a centre-back, although he could also operate as a defensive midfielder. He is the current manager of La Liga club Mallorca.

Demichelis spent most of his professional career with Bayern Munich in Germany (seven and a half years), winning 11 major titles with the team. He also competed in his home country with River Plate, in Spain with Espanyol, Atletico Madrid, and Málaga and in England with Manchester City. He earned 51 caps for Argentina, representing the country in two World Cups – finishing second in 2014 – and the 2015 Copa América, where the team were also runners-up.

Demichelis began his coaching career as an assistant at Málaga and in the under-19 and reserve teams of Bayern Munich. He won the Argentine Primera División in 2023, his first season in charge of River Plate.

FC Bayern Munich II
FC Bayern Munich II (FC Bayern Munich Amateure until 2005) are the reserve team of German association football club Bayern Munich, currently playing in the Regionalliga Bayern. In 2010–11, they played in the 3. Liga, having qualified for its inaugural season in 2008, and have consistently played at the third level of German football (the highest permissible level for reserve teams) – they played in the Regionalliga Süd from its formation in 1994 to 2008, when it was usurped by the 3. Liga. They have generally achieved at least mid-table finishes at this level, and won the Regionalliga Süd title in 2004. In 2010–11, Bayern II finished last in the 3. Liga, and were thus relegated to the Regionalliga. They afterwards regained promotion by winning the 2018–19 Regionalliga and won the 3. Liga in 2019–20. The following season, they were relegated from the 3. Liga after an 18th-place finish.
Battle of Łabiszyn
The Battle of Łabiszyn took place during the Kościuszko Uprising, on the night of 28 and 29 September 1794, between Polish–Lithuanian insurgents commanded by General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski and Prussian troops commanded by Colonel Johann Friedrich Székely, ending in victory for the Poles. It was fought on a hill near Łabiszyn, in South Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia (now part of Poland).

Kościuszko Uprising
The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794, Second Polish War, Polish Campaign of 1794, and the Polish Revolution of 1794, was an uprising against the Russian and Prussian influence on the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland–Lithuania and the Prussian partition in 1794. It was an attempt to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from external influence after the Second Partition of Poland (1793) and the creation of the Targowica Confederation. Despite some local successes of the insurgency, it was ultimately suppressed by Russian general Alexander Suvorov, who was promoted to field marshal in the aftermath of the Battle of Praga; the massacre that followed the battle was evidence of the ruthlessness of war.
Exclusive psalmody
Exclusive psalmody is the practice of singing only the biblical Psalms in congregational singing as worship. Today it is practised by several Protestant, especially Reformed denominations. Hymns besides the Psalms have been composed by Christians since the earliest days of the church, but psalms were preferred by the early church and used almost exclusively until the end of the fourth century.: 40  During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther and many other reformers, including those associated with the Reformed tradition, used hymns as well as psalms, but John Calvin preferred the Psalms and they were the only music allowed for worship in Geneva. This became the norm for the next 200 years of Reformed worship. Hymnody became acceptable again for the Reformed in the middle of the nineteenth century, though several denominations, notably the Reformed Presbyterians, continue the practice of exclusive psalmody.

Metrical psalter
A metrical psalter is a kind of Bible translation: a book containing a verse translation of all or part of the Book of Psalms in vernacular poetry, meant to be sung as hymns in a church. Some metrical psalters include melodies or harmonisations. The composition of metrical psalters was a large enterprise of the Protestant Reformation, especially in its Calvinist manifestation that is still practiced today.