hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nutter's Battery
Nutter's Battery is a scenic overlook in the North Woods of Central Park in Manhattan, New York City, overlooking the Harlem Meer to the north. The battery was built during the War of 1812 as a small part of an extensive system of fortification intended to defend against a British invasion from the north. After the war, the wall fell into ruin and eventually disappeared. The Parks Department built a low wall in 1945 to mark the spot, and the Central Park Conservancy rebuilt the wall in 2014, adding paths and planting. The battery was named after Valentine Nutter, who owned the surrounding property.

According to maps and illustrations of the time, the Battery was a redoubt connected to Fort Fish, by earthworks along the Old Post Road. At the line of 107th Street and Sixth Avenue (Lenox Avenue), the earthworks led to a gatehouse in the road at McGowan's Pass. From there the earthworks continued up a rocky hill to Fort Clinton.

Harlem Meer
Harlem Meer is a man-made lake at the northeast corner of New York City's Central Park. It lies west of Fifth Avenue, south of 110th Street, and north of the Conservatory Garden, near the Harlem and East Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan. The lake, as originally constructed, was 12.634 acres (51,130 m2),
but after the completion in 1966 of the Lasker skating rink and swimming pool, it was reduced to approximately 11 acres (45,000 m2) in area and approximately 0.75 miles (1.21 km) in circumference.
Bradwell nuclear power station
Bradwell nuclear power station is a  Magnox-design nuclear power station that is undergoing decommissioning. It is located on the Dengie peninsula at the mouth of the River Blackwater, Essex. In 2019, it was the first nuclear power station in the UK to be placed into long-term decommissioned management. As of 2016, China General Nuclear Power Group is considering Bradwell for the site of a new nuclear power station, named Bradwell B.

Office for Nuclear Regulation
The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) is the regulator for the nuclear industry in the United Kingdom. It is an independent statutory corporation whose costs are met by charging fees to the nuclear industry. The ONR reports to the Department for Work and Pensions and also worked with the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.
Hydatina physis
Hydatina physis is a species of sea snail, a bubble snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Aplustridae.  Its common names include striped paper bubble, green-lined paper bubble, brown-lined paper bubble, and rose petal bubble shell.

Aplustridae
The Aplustridae is a taxonomic family of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Acteonoidea.

The former name of this family, Hydatinidae (Pilsbry, 1893) has been declared invalid.
Illinois Institute of Technology
The Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the merger of the Armour Institute and Lewis Institute in 1940. The university has programs in architecture, business, communications, design, engineering, industrial technology, information technology, law, psychology, and science. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

The university's historic roots are in several 19th-century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States. In the mid 20th century, it became closely associated with trends in modernist architecture through the work of its Dean of Architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who designed its campus. The Institute of Design, Chicago-Kent College of Law, and Midwest College of Engineering were also merged into Illinois Tech.

Gas Technology Institute
42°01′12″N 87°55′21″W﻿ / ﻿42.01995°N 87.92241°W﻿ / 42.01995; -87.92241
The Gas Technology Institute (GTI) is an American non-profit research and development organization which develops, demonstrates, and licenses new energy technologies for private and public clients, with a particular focus on the natural gas industry.  GTI is located in Des Plaines, Illinois.
Wildlife of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Helena, Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha, as well the other uninhabited islands nearby, are a haven for wildlife in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The islands are or were home to much endemic flora and fauna, especially invertebrates, and many endemic fish species are found in the reef ecosystems off the islands. The islands have been identified by BirdLife International as Important Bird Areas for both their endemic landbirds and breeding seabirds.

See Ascension scrub and grasslands, Saint Helena scrub and woodlands, and Tristan da Cunha–Gough Islands shrub and grasslands for more details of the World Wildlife Fund-designated ecoregions.

Tristan da Cunha–Gough Islands shrub and grasslands
The Tristan da Cunha–Gough Islands shrub and grasslands is a terrestrial ecoregion which covers the Tristan da Cunha archipelago and Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean. The islands' remote location gave rise to many endemic species.
Sugar acid
In organic chemistry, a sugar acid or acidic sugar is a monosaccharide with a carboxyl group at one end or both ends of its chain.

Main classes of sugar acids include:

Aldonic acids, in which the aldehyde group (−CH=O) located at the initial end (position 1) of an aldose is oxidized.

Ulosonic acids, in which the hydroxymethyl group (−CH2OH) at the initial end of a 2-ketose is oxidized creating an α-ketoacid.

Uronic acids, in which the −CH2OH group at the terminal end of an aldose or ketose is oxidized.

Aldaric acids, in which both ends (−CH=O and −CH2OH) of an aldose are oxidized.

Aldonic acid
Aldonic acids are sugar acids with the general chemical formula, HO2C(CHOH)nCH2OH. They are obtained by oxidizing the aldehyde (-CHO group) of an aldose to form a carboxylic acid (-COOH group).  Aldonic acids are generally found in their ring form. However, these rings do not have a chiral carbon at the terminal end bearing the aldehyde, and they cannot form R−O−R′ linkages between different molecules.

The nomenclature of aldonic acids and their lactones is based on replacing the suffix "-ose" with "onic acid" or "onolactone". Hence, D-glucose is oxidized to D-gluconic acid and D-gluconolactone.
William Lobb
William Lobb (1809 – 3 May 1864) was a British plant collector, employed by Veitch Nurseries of Exeter, who was responsible for introducing to commercial growers Britain Araucaria araucana (the monkey-puzzle tree) from Chile and the massive Sequoiadendron giganteum (Wellingtonia) from North America.

He and his brother, Thomas Lobb, were the first collectors to be sent out by the Veitch nursery business, with the primary commercial aim of obtaining new species and large quantities of seed. His introductions of the monkey-puzzle tree, Wellingtonia and many other conifers to Europe earned him the sobriquet "messenger of the big tree". In addition to his arboreal introductions, he also introduced many garden shrubs and greenhouse plants to Victorian Europe, including Desfontainia spinosa and Berberis darwinii, which are still grown today.

Williams family of Caerhays, Burncoose and Scorrier
The Williams family of Caerhays, Burncoose and Scorrier were owners of mines and smelting works for several generations during the Cornish Industrial Revolution. A branch of the family settled in Port Hope, Ontario.

The family developed williamsii hybrid camellias and fine gardens at Burncoose, Gwennap; St Michael Caerhays and Scorrier House, all in Cornwall, United Kingdom.
Battlement (album)
Battlement is the only official studio album by the German progressive rock band Neuschwanstein. It is still considered one of the most remarkable German productions of this genre of the late 1970s. The album's importance to the progressive rock scene is also evident from the fact that there are hundreds of articles, reviews and blogs on Battlement worldwide, from North and South America, throughout Western and Eastern Europe, to Central and East Asia.

Alice in Wonderland (Neuschwanstein album)
Alice in Wonderland is the second album by the German progressive rock band Neuschwanstein, although in terms of the recording date it was actually the group's first production, which was also not supposed to be released as an album. Originally intended as a demo tape in 1976, the French label Musea finally released it as a CD in 2008.
Wallagonia micropogon
Wallagonia micropogon is a species of catfish in the genus Wallagonia. This species was recently discovered  and is found in the Mekong River drainage area between southern Vietnam and northern Laos as well as Chao Phraya River in Thailand. It is a freshwater fish.

Until osteological research validated the genus Wallagonia in 2014, W. micropogon was included in the genus Wallago.

Wallago
Wallago is a genus of catfishes order Siluriformes of the family Siluridae, or sheatfish. They are found in rivers throughout southern and southeastern Asia. The only extant species of this genus is Wallago attu.
Mexican Federal Highway 72
Federal Highway 72 (Carretera Federal 72) is an untolled federal highway of Mexico. The entire length of the highway is within Nayarit and begins at the beach of Playa Los Corchos. It then passes the town of Santiago Ixcuintla alongside the Río Grande de Santiago before terminating at Mexican Federal Highway 15 south of the village of Pantano Grande.

Mexican Federal Highway 15
Federal Highway 15 (Spanish: Carretera Federal 15, Fed. 15 ) is a primary north–south highway, and is a toll-free part of the federal highways corridors (Spanish: corredores carreteros federales) of Mexico. The highway begins in the north at the Mexico–United States border at the Nogales Port of Entry in Nogales, Sonora, and terminates to the south in Mexico City.

Fed. 15 from Nogales to Mazatlán runs parallel to Fed. 15D, a tolled (cuota) part of the federal highways corridors (los corredores carreteros federales); the portion of this northern stretch from the town of Eldorado southward within the Sinaloa is a limited-access highway. North of the U.S.-Mexico border, the highway continues to the north from the Port of Entry, as I-19 Business.

The highway is the southern terminus of the CANAMEX Corridor, a trade corridor that stretches from Mexico north across the United States to the Canadian province of Alberta.
Diocese of Sipingjie
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sipingjie/Siping/Szepíngkai (Latin: Sepimchiaeven(sis), Chinese: 四平街 / 四平; pinyin: Sìpíngjiē / Sìpíng) is a Latin suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan of Shenyang.

Its episcopal seat is at Sacred Heart Cathedral located in the city of Sipingjie (Siping, Jiling or Szepíngkai) in Jilin province.

Société des Missions-Étrangères du Québec
The Society of Foreign Missions (French: Société des Missions-Étrangères du Québec) is a missionary Roman Catholic Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right for men. It is devoted to missions mainly in Latin America and the Far East. It was founded in 1921 in Quebec, Canada. Members add the nominal letters P.M.E. after their names to indicate membership in the Congregation.
2025 Dunedin City Council election
The 2025 Dunedin City Council election was a local election held from 9 September to 11 October in Dunedin, New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Dunedin and 14 city councillors, and other local representatives for the 2025–2028 term of the Dunedin City Council. Postal voting and the single transferable vote system were used.

Councillor Sophie Barker won the mayoralty, defeating incumbent mayor Jules Radich.

2025 New Zealand local elections
The 2025 New Zealand local elections (Māori: Nga Pōtitanga ā-Rohe 2025) were triennial elections held from 9 September until 11 October 2025 to elect local mayors and councillors, regional councillors, and members of various other local government bodies.

All 11 of New Zealand's regions and 66 of New Zealand's 67 cities and districts participated in the elections; 42 councils also held local referendums on the status of Māori wards. Tauranga City Council did not hold an election or a referendum as they recently held  an election in 2024.
Ring (1995 film)
Ring (Japanese: リング, Hepburn: Ringu) is a 1995 Japanese horror television film based on the novel of the same title by Koji Suzuki. In comparison to the subsequent theatrical films and television series based on the novel, it is the most accurate in relation to the original text.

Koji Suzuki
Koji Suzuki (鈴木 光司, Suzuki Kōji; born 13 May 1957) is a Japanese writer, who was born in Hamamatsu and lives in Tokyo. Suzuki is the author of the Ring novels, which have been adapted into other formats, including films, manga, TV series, and video games. He has written several books on the subject of fatherhood. His hobbies include traveling, motorcycling, as well as sailing.
Bucking
Bucking is a movement performed by an animal in which it lowers its head and raises its hindquarters into the air while kicking out with the hind legs. It is most commonly seen in herbivores such as equines, cattle, deer, goats, and sheep. Most research on this behavior has been directed towards horses and cattle.

Bucking can vary in intensity from the animals' slight elevation of both hind legs, to lowering their head between their front legs, arching their back, and kicking out several times. Originally, it was predominantly an anti-predator and play behavior, but with domestication, it is now also a behavioral issue in riding horses, and a desired behavior in bucking horses and bulls.  If powerful, it may unseat or even throw off a rider, and can seriously injure either animal, rider, or both.

Bronc riding
Bronc riding, either  bareback bronc or saddle bronc competition, is a rodeo event that involves a rodeo participant riding a bucking horse (sometimes called a bronc  or bronco) that attempts to throw or buck off the rider. Originally based on the necessary buck breaking skills of a working cowboy, the event is now a highly stylized competition that utilizes horses that often are specially bred for strength, agility, and bucking ability. It is recognized by most rodeo organizations such as the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA) and the International Professional Rodeo Association (IPRA).
Jakov Gojun
Jakov Gojun (born 18 April 1986) is a Croatian handball player who plays for RK Zagreb and Croatian national team.

He competed for the Croatia national team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, winning the bronze medal. Due to his defensive playing style he has been nicknamed the Minister of defense by fans of the national team.

RK Zamet
RK Zamet (Rukometni Klub Zamet) is a handball club from Rijeka, Croatia, formed in 1957. The club currently competes in the Croatian Premier Handball League and the Croatian Handball Cup. Although the club has not won any mayor trophies, it has produced four Olympic gold medalists: Valter Matošević, Alvaro Načinović, Valner Franković and Mirza Džomba. Four additional Olympic gold medalists played for the club, including Irfan Smajlagić, Vladimir Šujster, Zlatko Saračević and Božidar Jović, and Jakov Gojun, who has a bronze medal.
2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests
From 25 March 2025, protests had taken place across the Gaza Strip against Hamas, which has held exclusive control over the territory since 2007. Demonstrators called on Hamas to give up its rule and bring an end to the war with Israel. Many of the protests against Hamas were part of wider protests against the Gaza war. The protests appeared to have been sparked by widespread local war exhaustion and dissatisfaction with the leadership style and tactics of Hamas following Israel's resumption of the Gaza war earlier in March. Several days after the protests began, the Israeli media outlet Ynet reported that Hamas executed six Gazans and publicly flogged or kidnapped others who had taken part in the demonstrations; some of them remain missing.

These had marked the biggest protests against Hamas to take place in Gaza since the October 7 attacks. Anti-Hamas protests in the territory had previously taken place in summer 2023, 2019, and from 2011 to 2012.

2019 Gaza economic protests
The 2019 Gaza economic protests, also called the We Want to Live protests and the 14 March Movement, were a series of protests held in the Gaza Strip from 14 March to 18 March; demonstrators protested high costs of living and tax hikes. Moumen Al-Natour, a Palestinian lawyer and human rights activist, founded the We Want to Live movement.

The protests were met with violence by the Hamas which dispatched security forces to disperse protesters. Several human rights organizations and political factions have denounced attacks on protesters by Hamas security forces. The protests were described as the most severe anti-regime protests in Gaza since the Hamas takeover in 2007.
Luis H. Álvarez
Luis Héctor Álvarez Álvarez (October 25, 1919 – May 18, 2016) was a Mexican industrialist and politician. Álvarez was a member of the National Action Party. In 1958 he was a candidate for the Presidency of Mexico. He also served as Mayor of Chihuahua, president of his party and was the coordinator of the dialogues for peace in Chiapas.

Municipal president of Chihuahua
The Municipal President of Chihuahua (mayor) is the head of local government of Chihuahua Municipality, in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. 
The mayor's authority includes the state capital, the city of Chihuahua, Chih. 
Since the city serves as the municipal seat and is home to the vast majority of the municipality's population, the position of municipal president is frequently identified with the city, rather than the municipality.
Muhtar Pasha
Muhtar Pasha (also Mukhtar Pasha, born before 1770) was an Ottoman Albanian ruler and the son of Ali Pasha of the increasingly independent Pashalik of Yanina. He was appointed governor of the Sanjak of Karli-Eli and the Sanjak of Eğriboz in 1792, stretching Ali's control down to Livadia and the Gulf of Corinth, except Attica. He also became governor of the Sanjak of Ohrid in 1796–7, and of the Sanjak of Vlorë and Berat in 1810.

Veli Pasha
Veli Pasha (Albanian: Veli Pasha; c. 1770–1822; fl. 1787–1822) was an Ottoman Albanian ruler and the second born of Ali Pasha of Ioannina of the increasingly independent Pashalik of Yanina. As an Ottoman commander, he is known for his participation in military actions against the Souliotes, the Septinsular Republic, and the Serbian rebels. He was appointed governor of the Sanjak of Tirhala in 1787, and became Pasha of the Morea Eyalet in 1807.
Hyperdontia
Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary teeth, or teeth that appear in addition to the regular number of teeth (32 in the average adult). They can appear in any area of the dental arch and can affect any dental organ. The opposite of hyperdontia is hypodontia, where there is a congenital lack of teeth, which is a condition seen more commonly than hyperdontia. The scientific definition of hyperdontia is "any tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed from tooth germ in excess of usual number for any given region of the dental arch." The additional teeth, which may be few or many, can occur on any place in the dental arch. Their arrangement may be symmetrical or non-symmetrical.

Supernumerary body part
Supernumerary body parts are most commonly a congenital disorder involving the growth of an additional part of the body and a deviation from the body plan.  Body parts may be easily visible or hidden away, such as internal organs.

Many additional body parts form by the same process as conjoined twins: the zygote begins to split but fails to completely separate. This condition may also be a symptom of repeated occurrences of continuous inbreeding in a genetic line.
IMSA GT classes
IMSA GT classes are former classifications of sports prototypes in sports car racing competing in the IMSA GT Championship. The classes were used at different, overlapping times during the period from 1971 to 1998, over which the championship ran.

BMW M1
The BMW M1 (model code E26) is a mid-engined sports car produced by German automotive manufacturer BMW from 1978 until 1981.

In the late 1970s, Italian automobile manufacturer Lamborghini entered into an agreement with BMW to build a production racing car in sufficient quantity for homologation, but conflicts arose that prompted BMW to produce the car themselves.  The resulting car was sold to the public, from 1978 until 1981, as the BMW M1.

It was the first mid-engine BMW automobile to be mass-produced; the second was the i8 plug-in hybrid sports car.
Otto Parschau
Leutnant Otto Parschau (11 November 1890 – 21 July 1916) was a German World War I flying ace and recipient of the Pour le Mérite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, and Iron Cross, First Class.  He was noted as one of the pre-eminent aces on the Fokker Eindecker. He was one of the world's first flying aces. Parschau and Leutnant Kurt Wintgens were the pilots chosen to fly the prototype of the revolutionary Fokker Eindecker fighter plane with a machine gun synchronized to fire safely through its propeller arc via use of a gun synchronizer.

Parabellum MG 14
The Parabellum MG 14 was a 7.92 mm caliber World War I machine gun built by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken. It was a redesign of the Maschinengewehr 08 machine gun (itself an adaptation of the Maxim gun) system intended for use on aircraft and zeppelins.
West Falmouth, Massachusetts
West Falmouth is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Falmouth in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,738 at the 2010 census.

West Falmouth Village Historic District is at the heart of West Falmouth Village. Historic buildings include the West Falmouth Library, Quaker Meeting House and Quaker Carriage Sheds, Emerson House, the West Falmouth Fire Station, and numerous historic houses. Other nearby attractions include the Shining Sea Bikeway, the public beach at Chapoquoit Beach, West Falmouth Harbor, Bourne Farm, Great Sippewissett Marsh, Swift Playground on Blacksmith Shop Road, and the Mock Moraine conservation area. There are several restaurants, markets, inns, real estate agents, and shops in West Falmouth, as well as a post office.

Shining Sea Bikeway
The Shining Sea Bikeway is a rail trail on Cape Cod in Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States. The path runs for 10.7 miles (17.2 km) from the Steamship Authority ferry terminal in Woods Hole to County Road in North Falmouth. The Shining Sea Bikeway is the oldest rail trail in Massachusetts, the first in the United States to be assembled by eminent domain, and the legal struggle to create the trail led to the strongest state rail corridor protection legislation in the country.: 11, 18
Straintronics
Straintronics (from strain and electronics) is the study of how folds and mechanically induced stresses in a layer of two-dimensional materials can change their electrical properties. It is distinct from twistronics in that the latter involves changes in the angle between two layers of 2D material. However, in such multi-layers if strain is applied to only one layers, which is called heterostrain, strain can have similar effect as twist in changing electronic properties. It is also distinct from, but similar to, the piezoelectric effects which are created by bending, twisting, or squeezing of certain material.

Twistronics
Twistronics (from twist and electronics) is the study of how the angle (the twist) between layers of two-dimensional materials can change their electrical properties. Materials such as bilayer graphene have been shown to have vastly different electronic behavior, ranging from non-conductive to superconductive, that depends sensitively on the angle between the layers. The term was first introduced by the research group of Efthimios Kaxiras at Harvard University in their theoretical treatment of graphene superlattices.

Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Allan H. MacDonald and Rafi Bistritzer were awarded the 2020 Wolf Prize in Physics for their theoretical and experimental work on twisted bilayer graphene.