hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gavin Douglas
Gavin Douglas (c. 1474 – September 1522) was a Scottish bishop, makar and translator. Although he had an important political career, he is chiefly remembered for his poetry. His main pioneering achievement was the Eneados, a full and faithful vernacular translation of the Aeneid of Virgil into Scots, and the first successful example of its kind in any Anglic language. Other extant poetry of his includes Palice of Honour, and possibly King Hart.

Polydore Vergil
Polydore Vergil or Virgil (Italian: Polidoro Virgili, commonly Latinised as Polydorus Vergilius; c. 1470 – 18 April 1555), widely known as Polydore Vergil of Urbino, was an Italian humanist scholar, historian, priest and diplomat, who spent much of his life in England. He is particularly remembered for his works the Proverbiorum libellus (1498), a collection of Latin proverbs; De inventoribus rerum (1499), a history of discoveries and origins; and the Anglica Historia (drafted by 1513; printed in 1534), an influential history of England. He has been dubbed the "Father of English History".

Vergil is sometimes referred to in contemporary documents as Polydore Vergil Castellensis or Castellen, leading some to assume that he was a kinsman of his patron, Cardinal Adriano Castellesi. However, it is more likely that the alias simply indicates that he was in Castellesi's service.
Quantum sort
A quantum sort is any sorting algorithm that runs on a quantum computer. Any comparison-based quantum sorting algorithm would take at least  steps, which is already achievable by classical algorithms. Thus, for this task, quantum computers are no better than classical ones, and should be disregarded when it comes to time complexity. However, in space-bounded sorts, quantum algorithms outperform their classical counterparts.

Sorting algorithm
In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list into an order. The most frequently used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order, and either ascending or descending. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the efficiency of other algorithms (such as search and merge algorithms) that require input data to be in sorted lists. Sorting is also often useful for canonicalizing data and for producing human-readable output.

Formally, the output of any sorting algorithm must satisfy two conditions:

The output is in monotonic order (each element is no smaller/larger than the previous element, according to the required order).

The output is a permutation (a reordering, yet retaining all of the original elements) of the input.

Although some algorithms are designed for sequential access, the highest-performing algorithms assume data is stored in a data structure which allows random access.
University Town Center
University Town Center, formerly New Town Center, is located in Hyattsville, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It was a planned urban center designed by Edward Durell Stone and located on a 105-acre (0.42 km2) parcel at the intersection of Belcrest Road and East-West Highway and across from the then new Prince George's Plaza. The initial construction on this development took place in 1963–64; its buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. A second phase commenced after the opening of the Hyattsville Crossing station, Washington Metro rapid transit station in 1993.

Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was an American architect known for the formal, highly decorative buildings he designed in the 1950s and 1960s. His works include the Museum of Modern Art, in New York City; the Parliament House of Pakistan in Islamabad; the Museo de Arte de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico; the United States Embassy in New Delhi, India; The Keller Center at the University of Chicago; the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C., the EcoTarium, formerly known as the New England Science Center in Worcester, Massachusetts; and the campus of Windham College (which became Landmark College) in Putney, Vermont.
Macron (diacritic)
A macron (/ˈmækrɒn, ˈmeɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics. It now more often marks a long vowel. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the macron is used to indicate a mid-tone; the sign for a long vowel is instead a modified triangular colon ⟨ː⟩.

The opposite is the breve ⟨˘⟩, which marks a short or light syllable or a short vowel.

Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse.

In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between different such manuscripts).
Fibrocartilage callus
A fibrocartilage callus is a temporary formation of fibroblasts and chondroblasts which forms at the area of a bone fracture as the bone attempts to heal itself.  The cells eventually dissipate and become dormant, lying in the resulting  extracellular matrix that is the new bone.
The callus is the first sign of union visible on x-rays, usually 3 weeks after the fracture. Callus formation is slower in adults than in children, and in cortical bones than in cancellous bones.

Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture. An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin.

A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. Most bone fractures require urgent medical attention to prevent further injury.
Quantum decoherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.  It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems that can be explained by classical mechanics.  Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several  directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is one of the primary practical applications of the concept.

Wojciech H. Zurek
Wojciech Hubert Zurek (Polish: Żurek; born 1951) is a Polish and American theoretical physicist and a leading authority on quantum theory, especially decoherence and non-equilibrium dynamics of symmetry breaking and resulting defect generation (known as the Kibble–Zurek mechanism).
Metropolitan University College
The Metropolitan University College (Danish: Professionshøjskolen Metropol), also referred to as Metropolitan UC or MUC, is a university college offering a range of bachelor's degree and academy profession degree programmes in Copenhagen, Denmark. All programs are taught in Danish except for a bachelor's degree in Global Nutrition and Health. A range of courses and modules in English are available to exchange students.

The Metropolitan UC is organized in two faculties with a total of nine departments. Its activities are spread out on a number of sites, in Nørrebro, Frederiksberg, and central Copenhagen. It has a total of approximately 9,000 students spread over 15 medium terms higher education. The University College translates annually for approximately DKK 700 million.

University colleges in Denmark
A University colleges in Denmark (Danish: professionshøjskoler, lit. 'professional high school';the English term is also used) is a type of higher education institution mostly offering medium higher education (MVU) and diploma courses, i.e., the professionsbachelor profession bachelor degree.

For a full overview of institutions of higher education in Denmark, see List of universities and colleges in Denmark.

Danish university colleges offer courses that can lead up to a bachelor's degree. University colleges also offer short higher education (KVU) degrees such as academy profession degree programmes (Danish: erhvervsakademiuddannelse) offered as business academies.
Anti-boycott
An anti-boycott, counter-boycott, or buycott is the excess buying of a particular brand or product in an attempt to counter a boycott of the same brand or product. Anti-boycott measures could also be in the form of laws and regulations adopted by a state to prohibit the act of boycott among its citizens.

Boycott
A boycott is an act of nonviolent, voluntary abstention from a product, person, organisation, or country as an expression of protest. It is usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. The purpose of a boycott is to inflict some economic loss on the target, or to indicate a moral outrage, usually to try to compel the target to alter an objectionable behavior.

The word is named after Captain Charles Boycott, agent of an absentee landlord in Ireland, against whom the tactic was successfully employed after a suggestion by Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell and his Irish Land League in 1880.

Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing. When a similar practice is legislated by a national government, it is known as a sanction. Frequently, however, the threat of boycotting a business is an empty threat, with no significant effect on sales.
Kerawara
Kerawara is an island in the Duke of York Islands archipelago  in Papua New Guinea. It is  located  in the east of the country, in the East New Britain Province, about 800 km (500 mi) to the east of the Port Moresby.

Duke of York Islands
The Duke of York Islands (formerly German: Neulauenburg) are a group of islands located in East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea. They are found in St George's Channel between New Britain and New Ireland islands and form part of the Bismarck Archipelago. The Duke of York Islands were named in 1767 by Philip Carteret to honour Prince Edward, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and younger brother of George III of the United Kingdom.
Semana Musical Llao Llao
Semana Musical Llao Llao is a classical music festival in Argentina. The festival was created in 1993 and is held at the Llao Llao Hotel, near Bariloche. The Festival breaks through the Argentine tradition, and brings classical music to the foothills of the Andes. The festival is held yearly in October.

Llao Llao Hotel
The Llao Llao Hotel is located in the tourist resort of San Carlos de Bariloche within the Río Negro, Argentina.
This famous hotel is situated in the foothills of the Andes on a hill between the Moreno Lake and Nahuel Huapi lakes.
Horigane, Nagano
Horigane (堀金村, Horigane-mura) was a village located in Minamiazumi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 8,768 and a density of 134.98 persons per km2. The total area was 64.96 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Horigane, along with the town of Akashina (from Higashichikuma District), the towns of Hotaka and Toyoshina, and the village of Misato (all from Minamiazumi District), was merged to create the city of Azumino.

Azumino
Azumino (安曇野市, Azumino-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2019, the city had an estimated population of 97,761 in 39744 households, and a population density of 290 persons per km2. Its total area is 331.78 square kilometres (128.10 sq mi).
House of Plettenberg
The House of Plettenberg is the name of the Westphalian noble family of the Uradel. It dates back at least to 1187, when Heidolphus de Plettenbrath was mentioned in a document by Philip I, the archbishop of Cologne. Plettenberg-Wittem branch that ruled immediate Lordships of Meitingen and Sulmingen lost its sovereignty and became mediatised to Württemberg in 1806. This line of the family went extinct in 1813.

Nordkirchen Castle
Schloss Nordkirchen is a palace situated in the town of Nordkirchen in the Coesfeld administrative district in the state of North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. The schloss was largely built between 1703 and 1734 and is known as the "Versailles of Westphalia" since it is the largest of the fully or partly moated Wasserschlösser in that region. It was originally one of the residences of the Prince-Bishopric of Münster.
102nd Intelligence Wing
The United States Air Force's 102nd Intelligence Wing of the Massachusetts Air National Guard, is a military intelligence unit located at Otis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts. Its primary subordinate operational unit is the 101st Intelligence Squadron. 
The 102nd Fighter Wing was redesignated the 102nd Intelligence Wing on 6 April 2008 and was planned to reach full operational capacity in 2010.

Joint Base Cape Cod
The Joint Base Cape Cod is a state-designated joint base created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the United States Department of Defense in 1935. Governor James Curley signed the state bill to allocate and purchase land for a military facility, and establishing a formal commission to manage this new state military property and personnel.  After 22,000 acres (8,900 ha; 89 km2; 34 mi2) of land was secured on Cape Cod, the Massachusetts National Guard began erecting tents and a basic training program in the following year. Formerly the Massachusetts Military Reservation, it was renamed in 2013 to Joint Base Cape Cod by Massachusetts; although having a name similar to many federal military installations, it has no federal recognition.
Luvsangiin Erdenechuluun
Luvsangiin Erdenechuluun (Mongolian: Лувсангийн Эрдэнэчулуун; born October 10, 1948, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) was the foreign minister of Mongolia from August 2000 until September 2004, when the Mongolian parliament approved a coalition government following the 2004 parliamentary elections and he was succeeded by Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil.   He is a member of the Mongolian People's Party.

In 2005 he founded the Human Security Research Center,  an NGO that investigated human trafficking.  In 2008 he became Representative of Mongolia to the executive board of UNESCO with the rank of ambassador.

His father was Sonomyn Luvsan, a leading communist political figure and diplomat from the 1940s to the 1970s who served as acting head of state of Mongolia from June 29, 1972, to June 11, 1974.

Sonomyn Luvsan
Sonomyn Luvsan (Mongolian: Сономын Лувсан; 1912–1994) was a Mongolian politician and diplomat who was acting Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural of the Mongolian People's Republic from 1972 to 1974.
Phelloriniaceae
The Phelloriniaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains two monotypic genera, Dictyocephalos and Phellorinia. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Oskar Eberhard Ulbrich in 1951.

Dictyocephalos
Dictyocephalos is a genus of fungi in the family Phelloriniaceae of the order Agaricales. The genus is monotypic, and contains the single species Dictyocephalos attenuatus, commonly known as the stalked oddball, which was described by the American botanist Lucien Marcus Underwood in 1901 (as D. curvatus).

Dictyocephalos attenuatus is a unique species of mushroom, as it has a gleba like a puffball, but it also has a stipe and a volva, like an Amanita. Starting as an underground "egg", the spore case develops up to 13 cm (5 in) across, round and slightly gelatinous at first then flattens and develops brownish scales. This is situated on the white-to-brownish enlarged end of the stem, which can grow up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long. It is inedible.
Pariser Platz
Pariser Platz (transl. Parisian Square) is a square in the historic center of Berlin, Germany, situated by the Brandenburg Gate at the end of Unter den Linden boulevard. The square is named after the French capital of Paris to commemorate the victory of the Sixth Coalition over the French Empire at the Battle of Paris (1814), and is one of the main focal points of the city.

Embassy of the United States, Berlin
The Embassy of the United States of America in Berlin (German: Botschaft der Vereinigten Staaten in Berlin) is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in the Federal Republic of Germany. It started in 1797, with the appointment of John Quincy Adams to Berlin, the capital of Prussia. There was no permanent building for the embassy until 1930, with the purchase of the Blücher Palace. During the United States involvement in World War II, the embassy ceased operations.

During the Cold War, the United States had two embassies: one in Bonn, the capital of West Germany, and one in East Berlin, the capital of East Germany. In 1999, the embassy would fully be moved back to Berlin, and as of September 2021, it is located at Pariser Platz.
Prahok ktis
Prahok ktis (Khmer: ប្រហុកខ្ទិះ, prâhŏk khtih) is a Cambodian dipping sauce made from prahok sach, minced pork, yellow kroeung, coconut cream, tamarind juice, palm sugar, pea eggplants and kaffir lime leaves. Pea eggplants can also be replaced with green apples, unripe peaches or nectarines, cabbage or cauliflower.

Prahok ktis is eaten with fresh vegetables such as cucumber, carrots, cabbage, long beans, iceberg lettuce, string beans, and round eggplants. The combination of fermented fish and pork unfamiliar to many non-Cambodians can sometimes cause a misperception that spoiled pork has been used.

Prahok ktis has been named by Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Prak Sokhonn as one of the dishes to be promoted in Cambodia's culinary diplomacy campaign.

Prahok
Prahok (/ˈprɑːhʊk/; Khmer: ប្រហុក, romanized: prâhŏk, IPA: [prɑːhok]) is a salted and fermented fish paste (usually of mudfish) used in Cambodian cuisine as a seasoning or a condiment. It originated as a way of preserving fish during the time of the year when fresh fish was not available in abundant supply. Because of its saltiness and strong flavor, it was used as an addition to many meals in Cambodian cuisine, including soups and sauces.
Flagship (band)
Flagship is an American rock band from Charlotte, North Carolina.  Formed in 2011, the group consists of Drake Margolnick (vocals, guitar), Michael Finster (drums), Matthew Padget (lead guitar, backing vocals), Chris Comfort (bass guitar), and Grant Harding (keyboards, synths).

Blackbush
blackbush is the debut EP by American alt-rock band Flagship, released May 8, 2012, under exclusive license to Bright Antenna Records. The album was made available as a Digital Download, and CD available only at shows.

A preview of the album was released on Earmilk on May 8, 2012. In premiering the track "Still I Wait", Baeble Music said that the band "matches the emotional and nearly spiritual alternative rock of U2 circa Achtung Baby with the deep-throated baritone delivery of lead singer Drake Margolnick ala Ian Curtis from Joy Division and some of the seething anger and rawness of We Are Augustines."
Aram Mahmoud
Aram Mahmoud (born 15 July 1997) is a Syrian-born Dutch badminton player.

He was selected as one of 29 members of the IOC Refugee Olympic Team (ROT) to compete at 2020 Tokyo Olympics, the first badminton player to participate at the Olympics as part of the ROT. He relocated to the Netherlands from Damascus, Syria in 2015 following unrest in his home country, and has since April 2018 been playing under the Dutch flag. He combines training with studying at the Johan Cruyff Academy and had previously won the Syrian men’s championship in 2013 and 2014, as well as the Arab Youth Championship.

Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The IOC Refugee Olympic Team competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan as independent Olympic participants.

A total of 29 athletes including 19 men and 10 women from 11 different nations competed in 12 different sports including athletics, badminton, boxing, canoeing, cycling, judo, karate, shooting, swimming, taekwondo, weightlifting and wrestling. The team included refugees from Afghanistan, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Venezuela.
Damin
Damin (Demiin in the practical orthography of Lardil) was a ceremonial language register used by the advanced initiated men of the aboriginal Lardil (Leerdil in the practical orthography) and Yangkaal peoples of northern Australia. Both inhabit islands in the Gulf of Carpentaria, the Lardil on Mornington Island, the largest island of the Wellesley Islands, and the Yangkaal on the Forsyth Islands. Their languages belong to the same family, the Tangkic languages. Lardil is the most divergent of the Tangkic languages, while the others are mutually comprehensible with Yangkaal.

The Lardil word Demiin can be translated as being silent.

Tangkic languages
The Tangkic languages form a small language family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in northern Australia.

The Tangkic languages are Lardil (Leerdil) and its special register Damin, Kayardild, and Yukulta (also known as Ganggalida or Nyangga). Of these Lardil is quite divergent, while Yukulta and Kayardild are mutually intelligible.

The extinct and poorly attested Minkin language may have been part of the Tangkic family.
Hestad, Vestland
Hestad is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the river Gaula (between the lakes Viksdalsvatnet and Hestadfjorden—the river runs through both lakes).

The village is located just north of a very small peninsula that is about 20 metres (66 ft) wide by 400 metres (1,300 ft) long. The peninsula juts south into the river, separating the two lakes. The forested peninsula is the site of Hestad Chapel and it has been a church site for centuries. There was originally an old stave church on the site that was built in the 14th century.

There is a bridge from the peninsula to the south side of the river, part of the Fv.610 highway. Hestad is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the municipal center, Sande and about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of the village of Vik.

Hestad Chapel
Hestad Chapel (Norwegian: Hestad kapell) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Hestad, on a small peninsula jutting into the Hestadfjorden, a lake that is part of the river Gaula. Because of its location on a small "island"-like peninsula, the church is also known as the Øyrakyrkja ("island church"). It is one of the four churches for the Gaular parish which is part of the Sunnfjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1805 by an unknown architect. The church seats about 80 people.