hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gentiana setigera
Gentiana setigera is a species of gentian known by the common name Mendocino gentian. It is native to southern Oregon and northern California where it grows in wet places in the California Coast Ranges. It grows in serpentine soils.

Gentiana
Gentiana (/ˌdʒɛntʃiˈeɪnə/) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species, it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue, though some are also bright yellow. The type species of the genus is Gentiana lutea.

The genus name is a tribute to Gentius, an Illyrian king who may have discovered tonic properties in gentians.
Paradise Bay (TV series)
Paradise Bay is an American serial that aired on NBC Daytime from September 27, 1965, to July 1, 1966. The show was created by Ted Corday who later created the serial Days of Our Lives.

The show aired in the morning at 11:30 a.m.; it was paired with Morning Star which aired before it and also was created by Corday. Paradise Bay and Morning Star premiered on the same day, and were cancelled on the same day.

Paradise Bay was one of the first soap operas to air in color.  Among the writers was Irving Vendig who had written Search for Tomorrow, Three Steps to Heaven, The Edge of Night, and The Clear Horizon.

NBC Daytime
NBC Daytime was the daytime programming block of NBC. It historically featured many soap operas, game shows, and talk shows. Its main competitors were CBS Daytime (Paramount) and ABC Daytime (Disney).

Game shows were removed from NBC Daytime's lineup in 1994 and soap operas were largely dropped between the 1980s and the 1990s. By the 2000s, NBC Daytime had been reduced to only two shows: Days of Our Lives and Passions.

Passions was moved to DirecTV's now-defunct 101 Network in 2007. With Days of Our Lives being the only remaining daytime program on the network's schedule, the NBC Daytime branding was phased out entirely. In 2022, the network ultimately announced that Days of Our Lives would move exclusively to streaming on NBCUniversal's Peacock, and be replaced by an NBC News-produced news program. This resulted in the ending of traditional daytime programming on NBC and the turning over of daytime network controlled programming to  NBC’s news division.
Rikan Castle
Rikan Castle (利神城, Rikan-jō) was a Nanboku-chō to Sengoku period yamashiro-style Japanese castle located in the Hirafuku neighborhood of the town of  Sayō, in far western Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 2017.

Sayō, Hyōgo
Sayō (佐用町, Sayō-chō) is a town located in Sayō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the town had an estimated population of 15,701 in 6797 households and a population density of 51 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 307.44 square kilometres (118.70 sq mi).
Streaming television
Streaming television is the digital distribution of television media content, such as films and series, over Internet-based streaming media platforms. In contrast to over-the-air, cable, and satellite transmissions, or IPTV service, streaming television is provided as over-the-top media (OTT). Television content includes productions made by or for OTT services, and acquired by them with licensing agreements. The length of a streaming television series episode can be anywhere from thirty to sixty minutes (some episodes may be longer).

By 2023, streaming television represented 38% of global TV viewing with 1.8 billion subscriptions to streaming platforms. In 2024, streaming television became "the dominant form of TV viewing" in the United States. It surpassed cable and network television viewing in 2025.

Of the top streaming platforms, Netflix had over 325 million subscribers as of December 2025, making it the most popular global streaming television platform.

Online video platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other interfaces (API), and typically provide embedded codes or links that allow others to view the video content.
Casaluce
Casaluce (Homelight in English, Domus Lux in Latin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Naples and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Caserta.

Casaluce borders the following municipalities: Aversa, Frignano, San Tammaro, Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Teverola.

San Tammaro
San Tammaro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Naples and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Caserta.

San Tammaro borders the following municipalities: Capua, Casal di Principe, Casaluce, Frignano, Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Santa Maria la Fossa, Villa di Briano. The Royal Palace of Carditello is located in the communal territory.
Tamsui District
Tamsui District (Chinese: 淡水; pinyin: Dànshuǐ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tām-chúi; Tâi-lô: Tām-tsuí) is a seaside district in New Taipei City, Taiwan adjacent to the Tamsui River and overlooking the Taiwan Strait. The name of the district means "fresh water" in Chinese. Although modest in size (population 205,706), Tamsui plays a significant role in Taiwanese history and culture.

Tamsui Fisherman's Wharf
The Tamsui Fisherman's Wharf (Chinese: 淡水漁人碼頭; pinyin: Dànshuǐ Yúrén Mǎtóu), officially the Tamsui Second Fishing Harbor (Chinese: 淡水第二漁港; pinyin: Dànshuǐ Dìèr Yúgǎng), is a major fishing harbor and a scenic spot on the right bank of the Tamsui River estuary, at the western tip of Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. The predecessor was the Tamsui Customs Wharf, a more inland but important fishing harbor in the early history of north Taiwan.
George Mercer (military officer)
Colonel George Mercer (June 23, 1733 – April 1784) was an American-born military officer, surveyor and politician from the British colony of Virginia who served in the Virginia militia during the French and Indian War and Lord Dunmore’s War. During the American Revolutionary War, he fought on the side of the British as a Loyalist and left North America for England after the war's end, dying in London.

Ohio Company
The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the settlement by Virginians of the Ohio Country (approximately the present U.S. state of Ohio) and to trade with the Native Americans. The company had a land grant from Britain and a treaty with Indians, but France also claimed the area, and the conflict helped provoke the outbreak of the French and Indian War.
Nissim Karelitz
Shmaryahu Yosef Nissim Karelitz (Hebrew: נסים קרליץ; July 19, 1926 – October 21, 2019) was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and posek who served as the chairman of the beis din tzedek (rabbinical court) of Bnei Brak.

Posek
In Jewish law, a posek (Hebrew: פוסק [poˈsek], pl. poskim, פוסקים‎ [posˈkim]) is a legal scholar who determines the application of halakha, the Jewish religious laws derived from the written and Oral Torah, in cases of Jewish law where previous authorities are inconclusive, or in those situations where no clear halakhic precedent exists.

The decision of a posek is known as a psak halakha ("ruling of law"; pl. piskei halakha) or simply a "psak". Piskei halakha are generally recorded in the responsa literature.
New Underwood, South Dakota
New Underwood (Lakota: wóȟešma tȟéča; "new undergrowth") is a city in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 590 at the 2020 Census.

New Underwood got its start circa 1906. The city was named for John Underwood, a cattleman. Until 2017, it was home to the world’s smallest biker bar, which is now closed.

Pennington County, South Dakota
Pennington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 109,222, making it the second most populous county in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 115,979 in 2024. Its county seat is Rapid City. The county was created on January 11, 1875, and was organized on April 19, 1877. It is named for John L. Pennington, fifth Governor of Dakota Territory, who held office in 1875 when the county was formed. Pennington County is included in the Rapid City metropolitan statistical area. It is also the location of Mount Rushmore.
Baden IV h
The class IV h (four-h) locomotives of the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway (German: Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen, G.Bad.St.E.) were express locomotives with a 4-6-2 (Pacific) wheel arrangement. They later passed to the Deutsche Reichsbahn, who classified them as class 183.

4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 4-6-2 represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The 4-6-2 locomotive became almost globally known as a Pacific type after a locomotive built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Philadelphia was shipped across the Pacific Ocean to New Zealand.
P.H. Hanes Knitting Company
P.H. Hanes Knitting Company is a historic textile mill complex located at Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina.  The complex includes three buildings.  The Knitting Building or North Building was built in 1920–1921, and is a six-story, Beaux-Arts-style concrete and steel building sheathed in brick.  The Mill Building or East Building was built in 1928, and is a five-story-plus-basement building of concrete, brick, and steel construction.  The Warehouse and Shipping Building was built in 1940, and is a six-story steel frame building sheathed in brick.  The P.H. Hanes Knitting Company was founded in 1901 by Pleasant H. Hanes, brother of John W. Hanes who founded Shamrock Mills, later Hanes Hosiery. In February 1965, P. H. Hanes Knitting Company merged with Hanes Hosiery.  The downtown mill complex closed in 1965. The complex has been converted to loft apartments.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

Hanes
Hanes (founded in 1900) and Hanes Her Way (founded in 1985) is an American clothing brand headquartered in Winston-Salem. Founded in 1900 as Shamrock Knitting Mills by John Wesley Hanes, the company is owned by Hanesbrands Inc.
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
The Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Devanagari: मूलमध्यमककारिका, lit. 'Root Verses on the Middle Way'), abbreviated as MMK, is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahāyāna Buddhist philosophy. It was composed by the Indian philosopher Nāgārjuna (around roughly 150 CE).

The MMK makes use of reductio arguments to show how all phenomena (dharmas) are empty of svabhava (which has been variously translated as essence, own-being, or inherent existence). The MMK is widely regarded as one of the most influential and widely studied texts in the history of Buddhist philosophy. The MMK had a major impact on the subsequent development of Buddhist thought, especially in Tibetan Buddhism and East Asian Buddhism.

Middle Way
The Middle Way or  Middle Path (Pali: Majjhimāpaṭipadā; Sanskrit: Madhyamāpratipada) as well as "teaching the Dharma by the middle" (majjhena dhammaṃ deseti) are common Buddhist terms used to refer to two major aspects of the Dharma, that is, the teaching of the Buddha. The first phrasing, the Middle Way, refers to a spiritual practice that steers clear of both extreme asceticism and sensual indulgence. This spiritual path is defined as the Noble Eightfold Path that leads to awakening. The second formulation, "teaching the Dharma by the middle," refers to how the Buddha's Dharma (Teaching) approaches ontological issues of existence and personal identity by avoiding eternalism (or absolutism) and annihilationism (or nihilism).
Topological string theory
In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory. Topological string theory appeared in papers by theoretical physicists, such as Edward Witten and Cumrun Vafa, by analogy with Witten's earlier idea of topological quantum field theory.

Gromov–Witten invariant
In mathematics, specifically in symplectic geometry and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count the number of curves (pseudoholomorphic or algebraic) meeting prescribed conditions in a given ambient space (a symplectic manifold or a smooth projective variety).

The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten.

The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy and difficult, so it is treated separately in the stable map article. This article attempts a more intuitive explanation of what the invariants mean, how they are computed, and why they are important.
1934 All-America college football team
The 1934 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1934. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1934 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the United Press (UP), (4) the All-America Board (AAB), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) the North American Newspaper Alliance (NANA), and (9) the Sporting News (SN).

No player was the unanimous choice of all nine selectors.  Quarterback Bobby Grayson of Stanford and fullback Pug Lund of Minnesota led the group with first-team designations from eight of the nine official selectors.  Dixie Howell of Alabama and Chuck Hartwig of Pittsburgh each received six official first-team designations.

Chuck Hartwig
Chuck Crawford Hartwig (June 1, 1912 – September 15, 1950) was an American college football player. At six feet and 190 pounds, he was a native of West Virginia.  He attended the University of Pittsburgh where he played at the guard position for the Pitt Panthers football team.  He was a consensus first-team selection on the 1934 College Football All-America Team. He was later an assistant coach for the Panthers.
Dungannon (District Electoral Area)
Dungannon is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Mid Ulster, Northern Ireland. The district elects six members to Mid Ulster District Council and contains the wards of Ballysaggart, Killyman, Killymeal, Moy, Moygashel and Mullaghmore. Dungannon forms part of the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Dungannon Area D which had existed since 1973. It was called Dungannon Town until 2014, and originally contained six wards (Ballysaggart, Coolhill, Drumglass, Killymeal, Moygashel and Mullaghmore). For the 2014 local elections it gained Killyman and Moy from the abolished Blackwater DEA.

Blackwater (District Electoral Area)
Blackwater was one of the four district electoral areas in Dungannon, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council, and formed part of the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Dungannon Area C which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Aughnacloy, Benburb, Caledon, Killyman and Moy. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and divided between the Dungannon DEA and the Clogher Valley DEA.
Aero Trasporti Italiani
Aero Trasporti Italiani S.p.A (ATI) was an Italian airline headquartered in Naples, Italy. It was founded on 16 December 1963 as a subsidiary of Alitalia to take over secondary domestic routes in southern Italy operated by another Alitalia subsidiary Società Aerea Mediterranea.

ATR 42
The ATR 42 is a regional airliner produced by Franco-Italian manufacturer ATR, with final assembly in Toulouse, France.

On 4 November 1981, the aircraft was launched with ATR, as a joint venture between French Aérospatiale (now part of Airbus) and Aeritalia (now Leonardo S.p.A.).
The ATR 42-300 performed its maiden flight on 16 August 1984 and type certification was granted during September 1985.
Launch customer Air Littoral operated its first revenue-earning flight in December of that year.

The high-wing airliner is powered by two turboprop engines, Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120s.
The number "42" in its name is derived from the aircraft's original standard seating capacity of 42 passengers.

Later variants are upgraded with new avionics, a glass cockpit, and newer engine versions.
The ATR 42 is the basis for the stretched ATR 72, introduced in October 1989.
Liestal railway station
Liestal railway station (German: Bahnhof Liestal) is a railway station in Switzerland, in the municipality of Liestal and canton of Basel-Landschaft. The station is on the Swiss Federal Railway's Hauenstein main line, which connects Basel and Olten. It is served by five trains per hour to Basel, four trains per hour to Olten, and hourly trains to Interlaken, Lucerne, and Zürich. Several trains a day operate through to Frankfurt and Berlin. The station is also the junction for, and terminus of, the Waldenburg narrow gauge railway, which operates a train service every ten or twenty minutes to Waldenburg. The Waldenburg line closed in April 2021 until December 2022 for conversion to 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge. Since 2019, the Swiss Federal Railways has been undertaking renovation and expansion works at Liestal which were commissioned by the federal government and which are due to be completed in 2025.

Liestal
Liestal (Alemannic German: [ˈliə̯ʃd̥l̩], Standard German: [ˈliːstal] ⓘ), formerly spelled Liesthal, is the capital of Liestal District and the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland, 17 km (11 mi) south of Basel.

Liestal is an industrial town with a cobbled-street Old Town.

The official language of Liestal is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Guamaggiore
Guamaggiore (Sardinian: Gomajori) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Cagliari.  
Guamaggiore borders the following municipalities: Gesico, Guasila, Ortacesus, Selegas. It is home to the Gothic church of St. Peter, dating to the 13th-14th century.

Selegas
Selegas, Sèligas in sardinian language, is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Cagliari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,511 and an area of 20.5 square kilometres (7.9 sq mi).

Selegas borders the following municipalities: Gesico, Guamaggiore, Ortacesus, Senorbì, Suelli.
Nalut Dinosaur Museum
The Nalut Dinosaur Museum is a paleontological museum located in Nalut, Libya. The fossils, which date from the Cretaceous period, were discovered by a joint expedition of Libyan geologists and American paleontologists.  The collection is housed in a wing of the Red Crescent building in Nalut.

Nalut
Nalut (Arabic: نالوت) is the capital of the Nalut District in northwestern Libya. Nalut lies approximately halfway between Tripoli and Ghadames, at the western end of the Nafusa Mountains coastal range, in the Tripolitania region.
Spring roll
Spring rolls are rolled appetizers or dim sum commonly found in Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai and Southeast Asian cuisines. The kind of wrapper, fillings, and cooking technique used, as well as the name, vary considerably depending on the region's culture, though they are generally filled with vegetables and ground beef or pork.

Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (ngũ vị): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more elements (such as nutrients and colors), which are also based around a five-pronged philosophy. Vietnamese recipes use ingredients like lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, brown sugar, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, soy sauce, lime, and Thai basil leaves. Traditional Vietnamese cooking has often been characterised as using fresh ingredients, not using much dairy or oil, having interesting textures, and making use of herbs and vegetables. The cuisine is also low in sugar and is almost always naturally gluten-free, as many of the dishes are rice-based instead of wheat-based, made with rice noodles, bánh tráng rice paper wrappers and rice flour.
Porras, Tammela
Porras is a village in the municipality of Tammela, Finland. It lies on the Häme Ox Road and has a population of almost 400 inhabitants. An active village, it has about 30 active enterprises and nine unions, a school, cafeteria, and post office services. Porras is an old Finnish word for "bridge" or "duckboards"; the name comes from a bridge on the Häme Ox Road by the village.

Albert Edelfelt made paintwork Veräjällä in Tammela in 1889.

Tammela, Finland
Tammela is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Kanta-Häme region. The municipality has a population of 5,810 (30 June 2025) and it covers an area of  715.15 square kilometres (276.12 sq mi) of which 74.72 square kilometres (28.85 sq mi) is inland water (2018-01-01). The population density is 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23/sq mi) (30 June 2025). The first mention of a village named Tammela was in documents from 1423.

Neighbouring municipalities are Forssa, Hämeenlinna, Jokioinen, Karkkila, Lohja, Loppi, Somero and Urjala. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

Two national parks, Torronsuo National Park and Liesjärvi National Park, are located in Tammela municipality.

Tammela is also the name of a district in the city of Tampere.
Women's Home Internationals
The Women's Home Internationals were an amateur team golf championship for women contested between the four Home Nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, where Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland on an All-Ireland basis. After the Ladies' Golf Union, the former governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, merged into The R&A in 2016, The R&A took over organisation of the event. The match was played annually and the venue cycled between the four nations. In 2022 the match was replaced by a combined Women's and Men's Home Internationals.

The event started in 1905 when Mr. T. H. Miller presented a trophy for the competition. A number of earlier internationals had been played, with England and Ireland playing a match as early as 1895. Triangular matches involving teams from England, Ireland and Scotland had been played in 1902 and 1904.

Janette Wright
Janette Sneddon Wright (née Robertson, born 7 January 1935) is a Scottish amateur golfer. She won the Scottish Women's Amateur Championship in 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1973. She was in four Curtis Cup teams, in 1954, 1956, 1958 and  1960.