hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clarendon Stakes
The Clarendon Stakes is a Thoroughbred horse race currently run annually at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Held in early July, the sprint race is open to two-year-old horses foaled in the Province of Ontario and is contested over a distance of 5+1⁄2 furlongs on Polytrack synthetic dirt. It currently offers a purse of $150,000.

Inaugurated in 1926 at Toronto's now defunct Thorncliffe Park Raceway, it was known as the Clarendon Plate. In 1953 the race was moved to the Old Woodbine Racetrack then in 1956 to its present home at the new Woodbine Racetrack.

In 1967 Dancer's Image won this race and went on to win the following year's Kentucky Derby.

Woodbine Racetrack
Woodbine Racetrack is a race track for Thoroughbred horse racing in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group, Woodbine Racetrack manages and hosts Canada's most famous race, the King's Plate. The track was opened in 1956 with a one-mile oval dirt track, as well as a seven-eights turf course. It has been extensively remodeled since 1993, and since 1994 has had three racecourses.
Oleg Yankovsky
Oleg Ivanovich Yankovsky (Russian: Оле́г Ива́нович Янко́вский; 23 February 1944 – 20 May 2009) was a Soviet and Russian actor who excelled in psychologically sophisticated roles of modern intellectuals. In 1991, he became, together with Sofia Pilyavskaya, the last person to be named a People's Artist of the USSR.

Lenkom Theatre
Lenkom Theatre, formerly known as Lenin’s Komsomol Moscow Theatre or Moscow Leninist Komsomol Theatre is the official name of what was once known as the Moscow State Theatre named after Komsomol, a Communist youth league set up by Vladimir Lenin.

Designed by Illarion Ivanov-Schitz, it was built in 1907−1909 to house a Merchant's Club, and was home to many theatrical and musical performances. Occupied following the February Revolution, 1917 the building had several uses before becoming the home of "Theatre for Working Youth" (TRAM) in 1927. Thus, the future theatre established its reputation as a theatre for young people, by young people. Over its 80-year career, Lenkom has been a forerunner of new, fresh and experimental theatre in the Soviet Union, and now Russia.
Roncesvalles Avenue
Roncesvalles Avenue is a north–south minor arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It begins at the intersection of Queen Street West, King Street West and the Queensway running north to Dundas Street West. At its southern starting point, King Street West traffic continues northward onto Roncesvalles Avenue unless the traffic turns east or west onto Queen Street West or the Queensway. At its northern end point, traffic continues onto Dundas Street, which is essentially a straight-line northern extension of Roncesvalles.

Roncesvalles Avenue takes its name from the Battle of Roncesvalles, which took place in the Roncesvalles Pass in Spain in 1813. (The name 'Roncesvalles' means 'valley of thorns' in Spanish.) At this gorge, Colonel Walter O'Hara—an early 19th-century Irish settler who played a significant role in the establishment of the neighbourhood—led a regiment that fought against the retreating army of Napoleon.

King Street (Toronto)
King Street is a major east–west commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was one of the first streets laid out in the 1793 plan of the town of York, which became Toronto in 1834.

After the construction of the Market Square in 1803 at King and Jarvis streets, to house the first St. Lawrence Market farmer's market, the street became the primary commercial street of York and early Toronto. This original core was destroyed in the 1849 Great Fire of Toronto but was subsequently rebuilt. The original street extended from George Street to Berkeley Street and was extended by 1901 to its present terminuses (both with Queen Street) at Roncesvalles Avenue in the west and the Don River in the east.
Viscount Massereene
Viscount Massereene is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1660, along with the subsidiary title of Baron Loughneagh. From 1665 to 1816, the Skeffington Baronetcy of Fisherwick was attached to the viscountcy, and from 1756 to 1816 the Viscounts also held the title of Earl of Massereene. Since 1843 the peerages are united with titles of Viscount Ferrard, of Oriel, and Baron Oriel, both in the Peerage of Ireland, and Baron Oriel, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The Viscount also holds the subsidiary titles of Baron Loughneagh (1660) and Baron Oriel (1790) in the Peerage of Ireland and Baron Oriel (1821) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. As Baron Oriel, he sat in the House of Lords until 1999.

The family seat was Chilham Castle, near Canterbury, Kent.

John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel
John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel PC (Ire) (1740 – 23 August 1828) was an Anglo-Irish politician who thrice served as Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and also served as the last speaker of the Irish House of Commons.
Shanzhou, Sanmenxia
Shanzhou District, previously known as Shan County or Shanxian or Shaan, is an urban district of Sanmenxia in western Henan, China, bordering Shanxi province to the north.

It is located on the southern bank of the Yellow River and includes the Shan Pass, which gives its name to the district and to neighboring Shaanxi.

Sanmenxia
Sanmenxia (simplified Chinese: 三门峡; traditional Chinese: 三門峽; pinyin: Sānménxiá; postal: Sanmenhsia) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Henan Province, China. The westernmost prefecture-level city in Henan, Sanmenxia borders Luoyang to the east, Nanyang to the southeast, Shaanxi Province to the west and Shanxi Province to the north. The city lies on the south side of the Yellow River at the point where the river cuts through the Loess Plateau on its way to the North China Plain.

As of the 2020 census, it was home to 2,034,872 inhabitants of which 820,300 lived in the built-up area made of Hubin, Shanzhou urban districts and Pinglu County in neighboring Shanxi (205,080 inhabitants), now within the agglomeration.
Dud Dudley
Dudd (Dud) Dudley (c.1600–1684) was an English metallurgist, who fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War as a soldier, military engineer, and supplier of munitions. He was one of the first Englishmen to smelt iron ore using coke.

Clement Clerke
Sir Clement Clerke, 1st Baronet (died 1693) was an important (but financially unsuccessful) English entrepreneur, whose greatest achievement was the application of the reverberatory furnace (cupola) to smelting lead and copper, and to remelting pig iron for foundry purposes.
Robert E. Van Voorst
Robert E. Van Voorst (born June 5, 1952) is an American theologian and educator.

He retired in 2018 as a Professor of New Testament Studies at Western Theological Seminary, in Holland, Michigan, and has published scholarly works in early Christian writings and  New Testament Greek. He received his B.A. in Religion from Hope College in Holland, Michigan, his M.Div. from Western Theological Seminary, and his Ph.D. in New Testament from Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He has served at Lycoming College (Methodist) in Williamsport, PA, and was a visiting professor at Westminster College, Oxford, England. He has lectured to PhD students in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, on methods in biblical study.

Van Voorst has also served as a supply pastor at various PC (USA) churches in north-central Pennsylvania, and for twelve years as pastor at Rochester Reformed Church, New York.

Western Theological Seminary
Western Theological Seminary (WTS) is a private Christian seminary located in Holland, Michigan, United States. Established in 1866, it is affiliated with the Reformed Church in America.

The seminary offers professional and graduate degree programs for candidates for ministry, and to those pursuing careers in academia or non-theological fields. It was established to fill a need for theological education on the (then) western frontier of the Reformed Church in America. In its theological identity, Western Theological Seminary is evangelical, ecumenical and Reformed. Western Theological Seminary prepares students for ministry often involving ordination as well as for further graduate study, chaplaincy, missions, youth ministry, social service ministry, etc.
Copiano
Copiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 km southeast of Milan and about 13 km east of Pavia.

Copiano borders the following municipalities: Filighera, Corteolona e Genzone, Gerenzago, Magherno, Vistarino.

Filighera
Filighera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pavia in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 km southeast of Milan and about 13 km east of Pavia.

Filighera borders the following municipalities: Albuzzano, Belgioioso, Copiano, Corteolona e Genzone, Vistarino.
Iberville, Quebec
Iberville (French pronunciation: [ibɛʁvil]) was a city in the Montérégie region of the Canadian province of Quebec on the east side of the Richelieu River, across from Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. It was about 30 miles (50 km) from Montreal, and about the same distance from the United States border at the head of Lake Champlain. In 2002, Iberville merged with neighbouring Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, along with several other neighbouring towns and villages.

The population of Iberville in 2006 was 9,989, up 6% from the 2001 census.

The last mayor of Iberville was Jean Rioux, who later became a Liberal MNA in the National Assembly of Quebec and a Liberal MP in the House of Commons of Canada.

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ syʁ ʁiʃ(ə)ljø], lit. 'Saint-Jean on Richelieu') is a city in eastern Montérégie in the Canadian province of Quebec, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Montreal, roughly halfway between Montreal and the Canada–United States border with the state of Vermont. It straddles the west and east banks of the Richelieu River (which is accompanied by a canal) at the northernmost navigable point of Lake Champlain. As of December 2019, the population was 98,036. The city has experienced steady growth, up from the official 2021 Census count of 97,873 residents. It hosts the annual International Balloon Festival of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, a hot air balloon festival which attracts thousands of tourists
Xingfu metro station
Xingfu station is a station on the New Taipei Metro's Circular line when it was opened on 31 January 2020. It is located in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei, Taiwan, at the intersection of Siyuan Road and Xingfu East Road.

Xinzhuang District
Xinzhuang District (Chinese: 新莊區; Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnzhuāng Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Sinjhuang Cyu) is a district in the western part of New Taipei in northern Taiwan. It has an area of 19.74 km2 (7.62 mi2) and a population of 421,248 people (February 2023).
Point Douglas, Minnesota
Point Douglas is a ghost town in section 8 of Denmark Township, Washington County, Minnesota, United States located at the convergence of the St. Croix River and the Mississippi River. It is located across the St Croix River from Prescott, Wisconsin.

Denmark Township, Washington County, Minnesota
Denmark Township is a township in Washington County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,801 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Basswood Grove is located within Denmark Township.

Denmark Township was organized in 1858.
Valvetronic
The Valvetronic system is a BMW variable valve lift system which, in combination with VANOS, allows infinite adjustment of both intake valve timing and lift. The system claims to improve fuel economy and emissions, and negates the need for a throttle body in regular use.

First introduced by BMW on the 316ti compact in 2001, Valvetronic has since been added to many of BMW's engines.

Variable valve lift
Variable valve lift (VVL) is an automotive piston engine technology which varies the height a valve opens in order to improve performance, fuel economy or emissions. There are two main types of VVL: discrete, which employs fixed valve lift amounts, and continuous, which is able to vary the amount of lift. Continuous valve lift systems typically allow for the elimination of the throttle (which is otherwise normally a single valve constricting the entire engine’s intake airway).

When used in conjunction with variable valve timing (VVT), variable valve lift can potentially offer infinite control over the intake and exhaust valve timing.
Ayribobo
Ayribobo (Uzbek: Ayribobo choʻqqisi) or Aýrybaba (Turkmen: Aýrybaba), officially named the Great Saparmyrat Turkmenbashi Peak (Beýik Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy belentligi) in Turkmenistan since 2004, is a mountain in Central Asia. At 3,138 metres (10,295 ft) Aýrybaba is the highest mountain in Turkmenistan. It is located in the Köýtendag Range of the Pamir-Alay chain in the southeast of Turkmenistan on the Uzbekistani border.

Köýtendag Range
Köýtendag Range is a spur of the Pamir-Alay mountains in the south-east of Turkmenistan, extending along the border with Uzbekistan's Surxondaryo Region. Its height of 3,139 metres (10,299 ft) at Mount Aýrybaba makes  it the highest summit in Turkmenistan.

The Köýtendag Nature Reserve is located within the range.
Business International Corporation
Business International Corporation (BI) was a publishing and advisory firm dedicated to assisting American companies in operating abroad. It was founded in 1953. It organized conferences, and worked with major corporations. Former president Barack Obama worked there as a financial researcher after graduating from Columbia University. In 1986, Business International was acquired by the Economist Group in London, and it eventually merged with the Economist Intelligence Unit. Business International was linked to the Central Intelligence Agency.

Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the British media company The Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports. The EIU provides country, industry, and management analysis worldwide and incorporates the former Business International Corporation, a UK company acquired by its parent company in 1986. The EIU has its main offices in four cities—London, NYC, Hong Kong and Dubai.

The Managing Director of the EIU is Leon Calvert, who was appointed in April 2025. The former MD was Robin Bew, formerly the Editorial Director and Chief Economist.
Nikolai Timkov
Nikolai Efimovich Timkov (Russian: Тимко́в Никола́й Ефи́мович; 12 August 1912 – 25 December 1993) was a Soviet Russian painter, Honored Artist of Russian Federation, and a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation). He lived and worked in Leningrad and is regarded as one of the leading representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting, worldwide known for his landscape paintings.

Lyrical motifs in postwar Leningrad painting (Saint Petersburg, 1995)
Retrospective Exhibition Lyrical motifs in postwar Leningrad painting (Russian: Лирика в произведениях ленинградских художников военного поколения) became one of the most notable event in the Saint Petersburg exhibition live of 1995. The Exhibition took place in Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial Museum and was dedicated to 50th Anniversary of the Victory in Great Patriotic war of 1941–1945. There were exhibited 146 art works from private collections of more than 50 importrant masters of the Leningrad School of Painting.
Poprad (river)
The Poprad (Hungarian: Poprád, German: Popper) is a river in northern Slovakia and southern Poland, and a tributary of the Dunajec River near Stary Sącz, Poland. It has a length of 170 kilometres (63 km of which are within the Polish borders) and a basin area of 2,077 km2, (1,594 km2 of which is in Slovakia, and 483 km2 in Poland). Much of the Polish part of its basin is included in the protected area called Poprad Landscape Park featuring the Poprad River Gorge, a popular tourist destination between the towns of Piwniczna and Rytro.

Poprad is the only large Slovak river flowing north into southern Poland. The river flows through the Slovak towns of Poprad, Kežmarok, Stará Ľubovňa, then forms for 31.1 km the Polish-Slovak border and flows through the Polish towns of Krynica-Zdrój, Muszyna, Piwniczna-Zdrój, Rytro, Stary Sącz, and Żegiestów, among others.

Stará Ľubovňa
Stará Ľubovňa (German: Altlublau, Hungarian: Ólubló, Rusyn: Стара Любовня, Latin: Lublovia, Polish: Lubowla, Ukrainian: Стара Любовня) is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia. The town consists of the districts Podsadek and Stará Ľubovňa.
Manda Island
Manda is an island of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya, known for the prosperous 9th century ports of Takwa and Manda town.  The island is now linked by ferry to Lamu and is home to Manda Airport, while Manda Toto island lies to its west. The island is separated from the mainland by the narrow Mkanda channel.

Both Manda town and Takwa were probably abandoned due to a lack of water in the first half of the 19th century. In the 1960s the Kenya Department of Agriculture recommended building several concrete catchments called jabias to capture rain water on the island. Two jabias were built and many families moved onto the island, farming maize, cassava, simsim and cotton.

Neville Chittick
Hubert Neville Chittick (18 September 1923 – July 27, 1984) was a British archaeologist and African studies scholar. Chittick specialized in the pre-colonial cultures of East and Northeast Africa, and also devoted various works to the Swahili Coast. He was the director of the British Institute of Eastern Africa from 1961 to 1983.
Edita Brychta
Edita Brychta (née Brychtová; born 6 September 1961) is a British actress of Czech descent. She has acted in various capacities including on stage, film, television, as well as voice acting in animated films, video games and audiobooks. Born in Czechoslovakia (modern day Czech Republic), Brychta studied in the United Kingdom and subsequently moved to live in the United States.

Gentlemen and Players (TV series)
Gentlemen and Players is a British television series produced by TVS Television for the ITV network. An aspirational late 1980s drama series, Gentlemen and Players dealt with the struggles and intrigues involving two business rivals, Bo Beaufort and Mike Savage, set against a backdrop of high finance, opulent country homes and cricket.
2018–19 Baylor Bears basketball team
The 2018–19 Baylor Bears basketball team represented Baylor University in the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. This was head coach Scott Drew's 16th season at Baylor. The Bears competed in the Big 12 Conference and played their home games at the Ferrell Center in Waco, TX. They finished the season 20-14, 10-8 to finish in 4th place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Big 12 tournament to Iowa State. They received a at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament where they defeated Syracuse in the first round before losing in the second round to Gonzaga.

2018–19 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team
The 2018–19 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball team represented Iowa State University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Cyclones were coached by Steve Prohm, who was in his fourth season at Iowa State. They played their home games at Hilton Coliseum in Ames, Iowa as members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 23–12, finishing in 5th place. In the Big 12 tournament, they defeated Baylor, Kansas State and Kansas to win the Big 12 championship. They received an automatic bid as a 6th seed in the NCAA tournament where they were upset by 11th seed Ohio State in the first round.
Farmington River
The Farmington River is a 46.7 mi (75.2 km) river located in northwest Connecticut, with major tributaries extending into southwest Massachusetts.> The Farmington River's watershed covers 609 square miles (1,580 km2). Historically, the river played an important role in small-scale manufacturing in towns along its course, but it is now mainly used for recreation and drinking water.

Simsbury, Connecticut
Simsbury is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, incorporated as Connecticut's 21st town in May 1670. The town is part of the Capitol Planning Region. The population was  24,517 in the 2020 census.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media. They were deduced by French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (/freɪˈnɛl/) who was the first to understand that light is a transverse wave, when no one realized that the waves were electric and magnetic fields. For the first time, polarization could be understood quantitatively, as Fresnel's equations correctly predicted the differing behaviour of waves of the s and p polarizations incident upon a material interface.

Plane of incidence
In describing reflection and refraction in optics, the plane of incidence (also called the incidence plane or the meridional plane) is the plane which contains the surface normal and the propagation vector of the incoming radiation. (In wave optics, the latter is the k-vector, or wavevector, of the incoming wave.)

When reflection is specular, as it is for a mirror or other shiny surface, the reflected ray also lies in the plane of incidence; when refraction also occurs, the refracted ray lies in the same plane. The condition of co-planarity among incident ray, surface normal, and reflected ray (refracted ray) is known as the first law of reflection (first law of refraction, respectively).
Breakdown (music)
In music, a breakdown is a section of a song in which various instruments have solo parts (breaks).  This may take the form of all instruments playing the verse together, and then several or all instruments individually repeating the verse as solo parts.

A breakdown is a popular musical section, particularly in bluegrass, notable examples being Earl Scruggs' "Foggy Mountain Breakdown" and Bill Monroe's "Bluegrass Breakdown".

Break (music)
In popular music, a break is an instrumental or percussion section during a song derived from or related to stop-time – being a "break" from the main parts of the song or piece. A break is usually interpolated between sections of a song, to provide a sense of anticipation, signal the start of a new section, or create variety in the arrangement.
Integral element
In commutative algebra, an element b of a commutative ring B is said to be integral over a subring A of B if b is a root of some monic polynomial over A.

If A, B are fields, then the notions of "integral over" and of an "integral extension" are precisely "algebraic over" and "algebraic extensions" in field theory (since the root of any polynomial is the root of a monic polynomial).

The case of greatest interest in number theory is that of complex numbers integral over Z (e.g.,  or ); in this context, the integral elements are usually called algebraic integers.  The algebraic integers in a finite extension field k of the rationals Q form a subring of k, called the ring of integers of k, a central object of study in algebraic number theory.

In this article, the term ring will be understood to mean commutative ring with a multiplicative identity.

Normal scheme
In algebraic geometry, an algebraic variety or scheme X  is normal if it is normal at every point, meaning that the local ring at the point is an integrally closed domain. An affine variety X (understood to be irreducible) is normal if and only if the ring O(X) of regular functions on X is an integrally closed domain. A variety X over a field is normal if and only if every finite birational morphism from any variety Y to X is an isomorphism.

Normal varieties were introduced by Zariski.