hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bitely, Michigan
Bitely is an unincorporated community in Lilley Township, within Newaygo County, Michigan, in the United States. It is within the Manistee National Forest. It is near Bitely Lake, Lamoreaux Lake, Isaac Lake, Houseman Lake and several smaller lakes.

It was a station on the Chicago and West Michigan Railroad (later the Pere Marquette, then the Chesapeake and Ohio, now Marquette Rail) in 1889, and given a post office on September 13, 1889, with Archer D. Martin as its first postmaster.  It was named for Steven Bitely, who built a sawmill there, but due to a typographical error, the post office was initially spelled as Biteley.

The Bitely Homecoming parade is held the third Saturday of every July.

Newaygo County, Michigan
Newaygo County (/nəweɪɡoʊ/ nə-WAY-goh) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 49,978. The county seat is White Cloud. The county was created in 1840, and was organized in 1851. It was either named for an Ojibwe leader who signed the Treaty of Saginaw in 1819 or for an Algonquian word meaning "much water".
Matroid-constrained number partitioning
Matroid-constrained number partitioning is a variant of the multiway number partitioning problem, in which the subsets in the partition should be independent sets of a matroid. The input to this problem is a set S of items, a positive integer m, and some m matroids over the same set S. The goal is to partition S into m subsets, such that each subset i is an independent set in matroid i. Subject to this constraint, some objective function should be minimized, for example, minimizing the largest sum item sizes in a subset. In a more general variant, each of the m matroids has a weight function, which assigns a weight to each element of the ground-set. Various objective functions have been considered. For each of the three operators max,min,sum, one can use this operator on the weights of items in each subset, and on the subsets themselves. All in all, there are 9 possible objective functions, each of which can be maximized or minimized.

Matroid partitioning
Matroid partitioning is a problem arising in the mathematical study of matroids and in the design and analysis of algorithms. Its goal is to partition the elements of a matroid into as few independent sets as possible. An example is the problem of computing the arboricity of an undirected graph, the minimum number of forests needed to cover all of its edges. Matroid partitioning may be solved in polynomial time, given an independence oracle for the matroid. It may be generalized to show that a matroid sum is itself a matroid, to provide an algorithm for computing ranks and independent sets in matroid sums, and to compute the largest common independent set in the intersection of two given matroids.
White Sitch
White Sitch is a 19th Century designed landscape by John Webb containing a picturesque reservoir in the middle, one mile west of Blymhill in Staffordshire, England. It is situated in a tract of cropped and mixed woodland currently owned by Bradford Estates. The woods are used for commercial plantation forestry and the reservoir for commercial carp fishing.

Blymhill
Blymhill is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard, in the South Staffordshire district, in the county of Staffordshire, England. It has a church called St Mary's Church. In 1961 the parish had a population of 459. On 1 April 1986 the parish was abolished and merged with Weston-under-Lizard to form "Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard".
Polypyrenula
Polypyrenula is a fungal genus in the family Trypetheliaceae, containing the single species Polypyrenula sexlocularis. It is a small, inconspicuous fungus that grows beneath the outer layer of tree bark in tropical regions, primarily in seasonally dry forests. The genus is characterized by its unique spore structure that features a combination of septum types not found in related fungi. First described from a specimen collected in the 1820s from Caribbean medicinal bark, Polypyrenula was long considered potentially extinct and was incorrectly classified in a different fungal family. Scientific collections gathered from Mexico, Bolivia, and the Caribbean have shown that the fungus is more widespread than previously thought. Molecular studies published in 2020 conclusively established its proper taxonomic placement among the early diverging lineages of the Trypetheliaceae. The fungus sometimes forms a symbiotic relationship with green algae, making it a "facultative lichen".

Trypetheliaceae
The Trypetheliaceae are a family of mainly lichen-forming fungi in the order Trypetheliales. The family consists almost exclusively of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens with an almost strictly tropical distribution.
Yūko Sanpei
Yūko Sanpei (三瓶 由布子, Sanpei Yūko; born February 28, 1986) is a Japanese actress and voice actress from Tokyo, Japan. She voiced Nozomi Yumehara/Cure Dream in Yes! PreCure 5 and its sequel GoGo!. She currently voices the eponymous character in Boruto.

Snow White with the Red Hair
Snow White with the Red Hair (Japanese: 赤髪の白雪姫, Hepburn: Akagami no Shirayukihime) is a Japanese shōjo fantasy romance manga series written and illustrated by Sorata Akiduki. It was originally serialized in Hakusensha's bi-monthly shōjo manga magazine LaLa DX from August 2006 to August 2011, and was moved to the monthly LaLa in October 2011. Its chapters have been published and collected in 27 tankōbon volumes as of May 2025. An anime adaptation produced by Bones aired from 2015 to 2016 - the first half aired in Japan from July 6, 2015, to September 21, 2015, and the second half between January 11, 2016, and March 28, 2016.
I-10, Islamabad
I-10 is a sector of Islamabad, Pakistan. It is a lightly built area, located on the southwestern edge of the city.

I-10 borders Rawalpindi to the south and neighbors I-9 and I-11, while sectors H-9, H-10, and H-11 are located adjacent. Like most other I-sectors, I-10 is primarily a part of the industrial zone. It consists of open land with dense vegetation. It is a densely populated area.

Sectors of Islamabad
Sectors of Islamabad are administrative divisions of Zone I and Zone II of the Islamabad Capital Territory region. The capital territory is divided into 5 zones, of which Zone I and Zone II have been designated urban development zones.
Surnadal Municipality
Surnadalⓘ is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is part of the Nordmøre region. The administrative centre is the village of Skei. Other villages in Surnadal include Bøverfjorden, Glærem, Moen, Stangvik, Surnadalsøra, Sylte, Todalsøra, and Åsskard.

The 1,366-square-kilometre (527 sq mi) municipality is the 68th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Surnadal is the 164th most populous municipality in Norway, with a population of 5,953. The municipality's population density is 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.02% over the previous 10-year period.

A mild climate and rich soil make Surnadal well suited for agriculture. The local economy is based on agriculture, forestry, and industrial production, in addition to services.

Åsskard
Åsskard is a village in Surnadal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The village is located in the western part of the municipality, at the innermost part of the Åsskardfjorden which is a branch off the main Trongfjorden. The village is the site of Åsskard Church.

It is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) northwest of the village of Sylte. The only road connecting Heim Municipality and Surnadal Municipality, County Road 65, runs through the village.

Historically, the village was the administrative centre of the old Åsskard Municipality from 1895 until the dissolution of the municipality in 1965.
Montenegrin Men's Handball Cup
The Montenegrin Men's Handball Cup (Montenegrin: Rukometni Kup Crne Gore) is an elimination handball tournament held annually. It is the second most important national title in Montenegrin handball after the Montenegrin First League.

It has been held annually since Montenegrin independence in 2006.

RK Lovćen
Rukometni klub Lovćen is a Montenegrin handball club from Old Royal Capital Cetinje, that plays in Montenegrin First League.

For decades, Lovćen has been the most successful Montenegrin men's handball club and the only team from Montenegro which won men's handball trophies in the Yugoslav era. During the 2001 and 2002, Lovćen played in the EHF Champions League.
Philip Christison
General Sir Alexander Frank Philip Christison, 4th Baronet, GBE, CB, DSO, MC* (17 November 1893 – 21 December 1993) was a British Army officer who served with distinction during the world wars. After service as a junior officer on the Western Front in the First World War, he later distinguished himself during the Second World War, where he commanded XV Indian Corps, part of Sir William Slim's Fourteenth Army, during the Burma campaign. He then went on to have a successful postwar career, and lived to the age of 100.

15th (Scottish) Infantry Division
The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that served during the Second World War. It was raised on 2 September 1939, the day before war was declared, as part of the Territorial Army (TA) and served in the United Kingdom and later North-West Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.
Hatten Yoder
Hatten Schuyler Yoder, Jr., (March 20, 1921 – August 2, 2003) was an American geophysicist and experimental petrologist who conducted pioneering work on minerals under high pressure and temperature. He was noted for his study of silicates and igneous rocks.

Wollaston Medal
The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology and the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London, the oldest geological society in the world. It is considered to be the most prestigious award in geology, and is given for outstanding contributions to geoscience. The medal is named after English chemist William Hyde Wollaston, and was first awarded in 1831.

The Wollaston Medal was originally made of gold (1831–1845), and then palladium, which was the metal discovered by Wollaston (1846–1860). It was switched to gold again from 1861 to 1929, and then back to palladium from 1930 to present.
Winning Colors (novel)
Winning Colors is the third novel in the space opera, military science fiction Familias Regnant fictional universe written by Elizabeth Moon; it continues the plot centered on the adventures of captain Heris Serrano and the maturation of several wealthy Families' scions, which was begun in Hunting Party and continued in Sporting Chance.

The Serrano Legacy
The Serrano Legacy, also known as Familias Regnant, is a series of military science fiction / space opera books by Elizabeth Moon. The series includes seven books total (a trilogy and two spin-off duologies), published from 1993 to 2000, and portrays a society in the distant future where the Familias Regnant serves as the governing body for an area of the galaxy. The books feature female lead protagonists—daughters and aunts, following the story of an entire family, including unique family dynamics. The books "depict women in the military who have a greater aptitude for command than the military men in their lives". The universe of the books is also ethnically diverse.
Midwest Airlines
Midwest Airlines (formerly Midwest Express Airlines) was an airline in the United States headquartered in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, that operated from Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport between 1984 and 2010. For a short time, it also operated as a brand of Republic Airways Holdings.

Operations as an independent airline ceased in November 2010, upon its merger with Frontier Airlines.

Regional airline
A regional airline is a general classification of airline which typically operates scheduled passenger air service, using regional aircraft, between communities lacking sufficient demand or infrastructure to attract mainline flights. In North America, most regional airlines are classified as "fee-for-departure" carriers, operating their revenue flights as codeshare services contracted by one or more major airline partners. A number of regional airlines, particularly during the 1960s and 1970s, were classified as commuter airlines in the Official Airline Guide (OAG).
Zsuzsanna Nagy
Zsuzsanna Nagy (born 10 June 1986) is a Hungarian former competitive ice dancer. With Máté Fejes, she is the 2011 Pavel Roman Memorial champion and a two-time Hungarian national champion. They competed in the final segment at two European Championships. With György Elek, she competed in the free dance at four ISU Championships and also appeared on the senior Grand Prix series.

Máté Fejes
Máté Fejes (born 8 February 1988 in Budapest) is a Hungarian former competitive ice dancer. With Zsuzsanna Nagy, he is the 2011 Pavel Roman Memorial champion and a two-time Hungarian national champion. They competed in the final segment at two European Championships.
Karaginsky Gulf
Karaginsky Gulf (Russian: Карагинский залив) is a large gulf in the Bering Sea off the northeastern coast of Kamchatka (Russia), which cuts 117 km (73 mi) deep inland. The depth of the gulf is between 30 and 60 m (98 and 197 ft). The largest island in the gulf is the Karaginsky Island, separated from the mainland by the Litke Strait (width: 21 to 72 km (13 to 45 mi)). The Karaginsky Gulf is covered with ice from December until June.

Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.
Nicholas T. Clerk
Nicholas Timothy Clerk (3 March 1930 – 22 September 2012) was a Ghanaian academic, administrator and Presbyterian minister who served as the Rector of the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA) from 1977 to 1982. He was also the vice-chairman of the Public Services Commission of Ghana. Clerk chaired the Public Services Commission of Uganda from 1989 to 1990.

Salem School, Osu
The Salem School, Osu, or the Osu Presbyterian Boys’ Boarding School or simply, Osu Salem, formerly known as the Basel Mission Middle School, is an all boys’ residential middle or junior secondary school located in the suburb of Osu in Accra, Ghana. The Salem School was the first middle school and the first boarding school to be established in Ghana. The school was founded under the auspices of the Basel Mission in 1843 and supervised by three pioneering missionaries and schoolmasters, Jamaican, Alexander Worthy Clerk and Angolan-born Jamaican Catherine Mulgrave together with the German-trained Americo-Liberian George Peter Thompson.
Yorkville Community Unit School District 115
Yorkville Community Unit School District 115 is a school district headquartered in Yorkville, Illinois, and serving portions of Kane County and Kendall County in the suburbs of Chicago. In addition to Yorkville, its service area includes Bristol, Montgomery, Oswego, Newark, and Plano. The district territory covers a total of 85 square miles (220 km2).

Oswego, Illinois
Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a village in Kendall and Will counties, Illinois, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 34,485. Oswego is the largest municipality in Kendall County. Part of the Chicago metropolitan area, it is an exurb of Chicago.
WEAI (FM)
WEAI (107.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Lynnville, Illinois, United States, serving the Jacksonville, Illinois area.  The station airs a hot adult contemporary format, and is currently owned by Jacksonville Area Radio Broadcasters Inc.

Jacksonville, Illinois
Jacksonville is a city and the county seat of Morgan County, Illinois, United States. The population was 17,616 at the 2020 census, down from 19,446 in 2010. It is home to Illinois College, Illinois School for the Deaf, and the Illinois School for the Visually Impaired, and was formerly home to MacMurray College. Jacksonville is the principal city of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Morgan and Scott counties.
Quivira Mining Corporation
The Quivira Mining Corporation (sometimes spelled Quivera) was a uranium mining company owned by Kerr-McGee. It was established in 1983.

In 1983 Quivira became operator of Kerr-McGee's old 1958 uranium mill at Ambrosia Lake, New Mexico. The mill operated until 2002. From 1966 to 2002, the mill processed uranium ore and recovered mine water from mines in the area. Tailings disposal cells and evaporation ponds constructed in the 1970s, 80s, 90s, and 00s were used for byproduct materials, process water, uranium tailings, and rad waste while maintaining environmental safety and regulatory compliance.

In 1989 Quivira was bought by Rio Algom Mining, which was then bought by Billiton in 2000. Billiton then merged with BHP to form BHP Billiton in 2001. Rio Algom was then bought from BHP Billiton by Uranium Resources in 2007. In June, 2008 Uranium Resources announced it would terminate the agreement to purchase Rio Algom Mining from BHP Billiton.

Kerr-McGee
The Kerr-McGee Corporation, founded in 1929, was an American energy company involved in oil exploration, production of crude oil, natural gas, perchlorate and uranium mining and milling in various countries. On June 23, 2006, Anadarko Petroleum acquired Kerr-McGee in an all-cash transaction totalling $16.5 billion plus $2.6 billion in debt and all operations moved from their base in Oklahoma, United States. As a result of further acquisitions, most of the former Kerr-McGee is now part of Occidental Petroleum.
Ulmus americana 'Penn Treaty'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Penn Treaty' was raised by the Plant Sciences Data Center of the American Horticultural Society. Plants under that name were propagated by the Morris Arboretum, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, from grafts made in 1945 from a tree at Haverford College, itself a graft, planted in 1840, from the Shackamaxon Treaty Elm – the tree under which William Penn signed his treaty with Native Americans in 1682 (felled by a storm in 1810) in what was later named Penn Treaty Park, Kensington, Pa.

Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.
Rheingauer Dom
Rheingauer Dom is the colloquial name for the Catholic parish church in Geisenheim, Germany. Officially Pfarrkirche Heilig Kreuz (Holy Cross), the large church in the Rheingau region is called Dom although it was never a bishop's seat. The present building was begun in the 16th century, but major features such as an expansion of the nave from three to five vaults, the towers, the organ and several altars were added in the 19th century. The parish is part of the Diocese of Limburg.

Geisenheim
Geisenheim (German pronunciation: [ˈɡaɪzn̩ˌhaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hessen, Germany, and is known as Weinstadt (“Wine Town”), Schulstadt (“School Town”), Domstadt (“Cathedral Town”) and Lindenstadt (“Linden Tree Town”).
Systole
Systole (/ˈsɪstəli/ SIST-ə-lee) is the part of the cardiac cycle during which some chambers of the  heart contract after refilling with blood. Its contrasting phase is diastole, the relaxed phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are refilling with blood.

Tricuspid valve
The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, at the superior portion of the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle during diastole, and to close to prevent backflow (regurgitation) from the right ventricle into the right atrium during right ventricular contraction (systole).
Libellula herculea
Libellula herculea is a species of Libellula found in  Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador, and Venezuela

Libellula
Libellula is a genus of dragonflies, called chasers (in England) or skimmers (in America), in the family Libellulidae. They are mainly distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Many have showy wing patterns and brightly colored bodies.
Review of Research in Education
Review of Research in Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the American Educational Research Association. It covers research in the field of education. The editors-in-chief for 2022 and 2024 are Ronald A. Beghetto (Arizona State University) and Yong Zhao (University of Kansas). The 2023 and 2025 editors are Vivian L. Gadsden (University of Pennsylvania) and David Osher (American Institutes for Research). It was established in 1973. The 2021 editors are Greg Kazinsky, Ethan Paterson, and Robbert Snow.

American Educational Research Association
The American Educational Research Association (AERA, /ˈɛərə/, AIR-ə) is a professional organization representing education researchers in the United States and around the world.

Founded in 1916, the organization represents a range of disciplines, including education, psychology, statistics, sociology, history, economics, philosophy, anthropology, and political science.

AERA has 25,000 members, including scientists, teachers, students, administrators, representatives of state and local agencies, counselors, and evaluators.

AERA's mission is to advance knowledge about education and promote the use of research in educational practices both nationally and abroad.
Jules Molle
Jules Molle (16 February 1868, Aubenas - 8 January 1931) was a Fascist French Algerian politician.
He was the founder of the Unions latines political party, the mayor of Oran and the publisher of an Anti-Jewish newspaper, Le Petit Oranais, which ran for years with a swastika on its front and openly called for violence and persecution against Algerian Jews. His victory in the 1921 mayoral election was followed by street violence against Jews. After he was arrested in the year 1925 on charges of incitement to violence, pro-Molle rioters attacked and pillaged the Jewish quarter in Oran. By the time army forces had quelled the violence, two Jews had been killed and fifty wounded. Molle died from a heart failure in 1931.

Le Petit Oranais
Le Petit Oranais was an anti-Semitic newspaper operated by the Jules Molle in Algeria.  For many years Le Petit Oranais was published with a swastika on its front page. The paper promoted the Unions latines (UL) party, predominant in the municipal politics of Oran until Molle's death in 1931.