hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2018 Melbourne stabbing attack
On 9 November 2018, Hassan Khalif Shire Ali, a male attacker, set his vehicle on fire and stabbed three people at Bourke Street in the Melbourne central business district, Australia, before being fatally shot by Victoria Police. Of the three victims stabbed by Ali, one of the stabbed victims died at the scene while the other two were treated by paramedics and taken to hospital. On 10 November, the Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews confirmed that the attack was "an act of terror" and is being treated as such by counter-terrorism police from both the Victoria Police and the Australian Federal Police. Police also confirmed that the attack was Islamic State-inspired.

Bourke Street
Bourke Street is one of the main streets in the Melbourne central business district and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare.

During the Marvellous Melbourne era, Bourke Street was the location of many of the city's theatres and cinemas. Today it continues as a major retail shopping precinct with the Bourke Street Mall running between Elizabeth and Swanston Streets, numerous offices to the west end and restaurants to the east. Its liveliness and activity has often been contrasted with the sobering formality of nearby Collins Street. For this reason, "Busier than Bourke Street" is a popular colloquialism denoting a crowded or busy environment.

Bourke Street is named for Irish-born British Army officer Sir Richard Bourke, who served as the Governor of New South Wales from 1831 and 1837 during the drafting of the Hoddle Grid.
Hiddensee
Hiddensee (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪdn̩zeː] ⓘ) is a car-free island in the Baltic Sea, located west of Germany's largest island, Rügen, on the German coast.

The island has about 1,000 inhabitants. It was a holiday destination for East German tourists during German Democratic Republic (GDR) times, and continues to attract tourists today. It is the location of the University of Greifswald's ornithological station. Gerhart Hauptmann and Walter Felsenstein are buried there.

Dornbusch Lighthouse
Dornbusch Lighthouse (German: Leuchtturm Dornbusch) refers to the lighthouse officially designated as Leuchtfeuer Dornbusch/Hiddensee ("Dornbusch/Hiddensee Beacon") in the north of the German island of Hiddensee in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern on the Baltic Sea coast. Its international serial number is C 2588.

The lighthouse stands on the 72-metre-high Schluckswiek in the so-called Hochland ("highland") area of the island.
John M. Budd
John Marshall Budd (November 2, 1907 – October 25, 1979) was an American railroad executive who was the chairman and chief executive officer of Burlington Northern Railroad from 1970 to 1971, chairman from 1971 to 1972, and a director from 1970 to 1977.

Budd was born November 2, 1907, in Des Moines, Iowa. He was the son of Ralph Budd and Georianna Marshall Budd. He married Frances Bullard on January 31, 1931. They had two children: John M. Budd, Jr., and William B. Budd. John M. Budd planned and led one of the largest railroad mergers (Burlington Northern) in the United States to 1970. This is in marked contrast with the attempted merger and subsequent bankruptcy of Penn Central Transportation between 1968 and 1970, which became the largest corporate bankruptcy in the United States to that time.

Burlington Northern Railroad
The Burlington Northern Railroad (reporting mark BN) was an American–based class 1 railroad company formed from a merger of four major U.S. railroads. Burlington Northern operated between March 2, 1970 and December 31, 1996.

Its historical lineage begins in the earliest days of railroading with the chartering in 1848 of the Chicago and Aurora Railroad, a direct ancestor line of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, which lends Burlington, from Burlington, Iowa, to the names of various merger-produced successors.

Burlington Northern acquired the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway on December 31, 1996, to form the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway (later renamed BNSF Railway), which was owned by the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Corporation. That corporation was purchased in 2009 by Berkshire Hathaway, which is controlled by investor Warren Buffett.
Naresh Kalwaniya
Naresh Kalwaniya (born 15 August 1999) is an Indian rower from Rajasthan. He is named in the Indian rowing team for the 2022 Asian Games at Hangzhou, China. He competes in the men's eight event. He was part of the team that won the silver medal in the men's quadruple sculls at the Asian Games in Hangzhou, China.

The Indian team consisted of Neeraj Maan, Naresh Kalwaniya, Neetish Kumar, Charanjeet Singh, Jaswinder Singh, Bheem Singh, Punit Kumar and Ashish Guliyan.  Dhananjay Pande was the coxswain of the team. All the Indian team members are from the Indian Army and have trained at the Army Rowing Node facility in Pune for over a year.

Dhananjay Pande
Dhananjay Uttam Pande (born 11 November 1991) ) is an Indian rower from Maharashtra. He is named in the Indian rowing team for the 2022 Asian Games at Hangzhou, China. He was part of the men's eight team that won the silver medal in the Asian Games in Hangzhou, China.

Pande was the coxswain of the Indian team that consisted of Neeraj Maan, Naresh Kalwaniya, Neetish Kumar, Charanjeet Singh, Jaswinder Singh, Bheem Singh, Punit Kumar and Ashish. All the Indian team members are from the Indian Army and have trained at the Army Rowing Node facility in Pune for over a year.
Nate Mendel
Nathan ‍Gregor ‍Mendel (born December 2, 1968) is an American musician who is the bass guitarist for the rock band Foo Fighters, as well as a former member of Sunny Day Real Estate. He has also worked with musical acts The Jealous Sound and The Fire Theft. He has released one solo album, If I Kill This Thing We're All Going to Eat for a Week, under the name Lieutenant. Though not a founding member, he is the longest-serving member of the band after lead vocalist and guitarist Dave Grohl, and has appeared on every album by the group since The Colour and the Shape.

William Goldsmith
William Goldsmith (born July 4, 1972) is an American drummer who is a member of Sunny Day Real Estate and Assertion, and a former member of Foo Fighters. 
He has toured with Mike Watt and IQU, and played live with several bands and artists.
F/8 and be there
"f/8 and be there" is an expression popularly used by photographers to indicate the importance of taking the opportunity for a picture rather than being too concerned about using the best technique. Often attributed to the noir-style New York City photographer Weegee, it has come to represent a philosophy in which, on occasion, action is more important than reflection.

Weegee
Ascher Fellig (June 12, 1899 – December 26, 1968), known by his pseudonym Weegee, was a photographer and photojournalist, known for his stark black and white street photography in New York City.

Weegee worked in Manhattan's Lower East Side as a press photographer during the 1930s and 1940s and developed his signature style by following the city's emergency services and documenting their activity. Much of his work depicted unflinchingly realistic scenes of urban life, crime, injury and death. Weegee published photographic books and also worked in cinema, initially making his own short films and later collaborating with film directors such as Jack Donohue and Stanley Kubrick.
Glasgow University Conservative Association
The Glasgow University Conservative & Unionist Association (GUCUA) was founded in 1836 at the University of Glasgow, and is the oldest University Conservative association in the United Kingdom. It became a branch of the Federation of Conservative Students and of the Young Conservatives, and remains affiliated to the Scottish Conservative Party and the Scottish Young Conservatives. Its main aim is to promote Conservative and Unionist principles on campus and to provide a safe-space for Conservative debate.

Its original name was The Peel Club, and was formed after Robert Peel's 1836 election as Rector of Glasgow University; early members included critic John Campbell Shairp and clergyman Norman Macleod (who was a president of the club). In 1852 it changed its name to Glasgow University Conservative Club, which it remained for 120 years, renaming itself to GUCUA in 1972, before finally dying out in the 1980s.

Scottish Young Conservatives
The Scottish Young Conservatives is the youth wing of the Scottish Conservatives, representing members under the age of 26. The Scottish Young Conservatives formed in 2019 following the dissolution of Conservative Future Scotland. The group often hold events at Conservative conferences, and online.
Almogavars
Almogavars (Spanish: almogávares; Aragonese: almugávares; Catalan: almogàvers; Portuguese: almogávares; originally Andalusian Arabic: المغاور, romanized: al-mughā́wir) is the name of a class of light infantry soldier that originated in the Crown of Aragon and was used in the later phases of the Reconquista, during the 13th and 14th centuries.

Almogavars were lightly clad, quick-moving frontiersmen and foot-soldiers. They hailed from the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia, the Kingdom of Valencia, the Crown of Castile and the Kingdom of Portugal. In the Crown of Castile, the inner organization was managed by King Alfonso X of Castile in the Siete Partidas. At first, these troops were formed by farmers and shepherds originating from the countryside, woods, and frontier mountain areas. Later, they were employed as mercenaries in Italy, the Frankokratia, and the Levant.

Awake iron!
Awake iron! (Catalan: Desperta Ferro!, IPA: [dəsˈpɛɾtə ˈfɛru]; Medieval Aragonese: Desperta Ferres!) was a battle cry of the Middle Ages employed by the Almogavars. It was shouted on entering the fight, to frighten the enemy and invoke the presence of iron in the battle.

Other Almogaver war-cries were Aragó, Aragó! ("Aragon!"), Via Sus! Via Sus! ("onto them!"), Sant Jordi! Sant Jordi! ("Saint George!").  However, of these Desperta Ferro! has emerged as the most famous, as it was unique to those forces.  The cry was given as the Almogàvers struck their lances and darts with flints, causing sparks to fly up from the stones.

Nowadays, it is still used as a motto for the Spanish Army 6th Paratroopers Brigade "Almogávares". "Desperta Ferro" is also the name of a Catalonia-manufactured energy drink.
Ingamoder
58°16′3.13″N 13°51′1.31″E﻿ / ﻿58.2675361°N 13.8503639°E﻿ / 58.2675361; 13.8503639

Ingamoder is a Swedish name invented in modern times for the daughter of King Emund the Old who was married to King Stenkil of Sweden and whose given name is not known. It translates to English as "Mother of Inge" (that is of King Inge the Elder).

Inge the Elder
Inge the Elder (Swedish: Inge Stenkilsson; Old Norse: Ingi Steinkelsson; died c. 1105–1110) was a king of Sweden. In English literature he has also been called Ingold. While scant sources do not allow a full picture of his term of kingship, he is known to have led a turbulent but at length successful reign of more than two decades. He stands out as a devout Christian who founded the first abbey in Sweden and acted harshly against pagan practices. The kingdom was still an unstable realm based on alliances of noblemen, and Inge's main power base was in Västergötland and Östergötland; one of the earliest chronicles that mention his reign knows him as rex gautorum, king of the Geats.
Enemy of the State (film)
Enemy of the State is a 1998 American political action thriller film directed by Tony Scott, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and written by David Marconi. The film stars Will Smith as a labor lawyer who becomes the target of a covert surveillance operation after unwittingly receiving evidence of a political assassination. Gene Hackman co-stars as a former intelligence operative who helps him evade the rogue agents. The supporting cast includes Jon Voight, Regina King, Loren Dean, Jake Busey, Barry Pepper, and Gabriel Byrne.

The film was released theatrically in the United States on November 20, 1998, by Buena Vista Pictures through its Touchstone Pictures label. It was a commercial success, grossing $250.8 million worldwide against a budget of $90 million. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its fast-paced direction, original story, timely subject matter, and the performances of Smith and Hackman.

Loren Dean
Loren Dean (born July 31, 1969) is an American actor who has appeared on stage and in feature films, including as the title character in Billy Bathgate, as well as Apollo 13, Rosewood, Space Cowboys, and Ad Astra. He appeared in a recurring role on the television series Bones.
Last of the Sane
Last of the Sane is the fifth album by the American metalcore band Earth Crisis, which was released in 2001. After this album the band split up and Karl Buechner, Erick Edwards and Bulldog went on to form the band Freya. This album consists of seven covers of songs by other bands, three demo versions of earlier songs, and a new track titled "Panic Floods".

Karl Buechner
Karl Buechner (born December 23, 1970) is an American musician from Syracuse, New York, best known as the frontman for the hardcore band Earth Crisis. He is also the singer of Freya, Path of Resistance, Vehement Serenade, Apocalypse Tribe and 1000 Drops of Venom.

In the mid- to late 1990s, Buechner attained a great popularity within the hardcore music scene as the frontman of Earth Crisis due to their outspoken advocacy for the straight edge and vegan lifestyles. He has been featured and interviewed by CNN, CBS, The New York Times and Fox News, and addressed the Congress about teens and substance abuse.
Second Chance (El DeBarge album)
Second Chance is the fifth studio album by American R&B singer and songwriter El DeBarge. It was released on November 30, 2010, by Geffen Records and Interscope Records. It is his first studio album in 16 years and the follow-up to Heart, Mind and Soul (1994). Production for the album took place at various recording studios and was handled by DeBarge and several other record producers, including Ron Fair, Mike City, Michael Angelo, and Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis.

The album debuted at number 57 on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 21,000 copies in its first week. It remained on the chart for 12 weeks and produced two singles, "Second Chance" and "Lay With You". Upon its release, Second Chance received acclaim from music critics, who complimented its material and praised DeBarge's singing. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, set to be presented at the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012.

Mike City
Michael Flowers, known professionally as Mike City (born December 2, 1970), is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for producing the singles "I Wish" for Carl Thomas, "Heard It All Before" for Sunshine Anderson, "Full Moon" for Brandy and "One Woman Man" for Dave Hollister. He is also known for producing "She's All I Got" performed by Jimmy Cozier.
Moses Harman
Moses Harman (October 12, 1830 – January 30, 1910) was an American schoolteacher and publisher notable for his staunch support for women's rights. He was prosecuted under the Comstock Law for content published in his anarchist periodical Lucifer the Lightbearer. He was arrested and jailed multiple times for publishing allegedly obscene material. His daughter, Lillian Harman, was also a notable anarchist.

Lillian Harman
Lillian Susan Harman-O'Brien (née Harman; December 23, 1869 – March 5, 1929) was an American sex radical feminist and editor. Her father Moses Harman edited Lucifer, the Light-Bearer, a regional, weekly paper that introduced her to issues of women's sexual freedom. She became a national icon for that cause following her "free marriage", which took place outside state and church recognition, and her subsequent imprisonment. Upon her release, Harman edited multiple publications, including an anarchist periodical with her husband. Her work culminated with her being named president of a British organization that campaigned to legitimize non-marital sex. Her first child was born under a contract that stipulated the father's responsibilities in supporting the daughter. She moved from Kansas to Chicago, remarried, and had a son. Little is known about her life following the death of her father in 1910.
St Paul's and St George's Church
St Paul's and St George's Church (known colloquially as "Ps and Gs") is an evangelical church of the Scottish Episcopal Church in central Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located on the corner of Broughton Street and York Place in the east end of Edinburgh's New Town, and is protected as a category A listed building.

The building was erected as St Paul's Church, replacing a chapel in the Cowgate. It was designed by Archibald Elliot between 1816 and 1818, and was extended by Peddie and Kinnear in the 1890s. In 1932 the congregation merged with that of St George's Church, also located on York Place. The east window is by Francis Eginton of Birmingham.

In 2008 a £5.6 million building project to improve facilities in the church was completed.

Archibald Elliot
Archibald Elliot (August 1761 – 16 June 1823) was a Scottish architect based in Edinburgh. He had a very distinctive style, typified by square plans, concealed roofs, crenellated walls and square corner towers. All may be said to derive from the earlier local example of Melville Castle by James Playfair. Many of his works have been demolished.
Bengal cricket team
The  Bengal cricket team is an Indian domestic cricket team representing the state of West Bengal. The team is based in Kolkata. It is administered by the Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB) and participates in tournaments organized by the Board of Control of Cricket in India (BCCI). The team competes in the First-class cricket competition known as the Ranji Trophy, the List A cricket Vijay Hazare Trophy, and the T20 competition Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy (SMAT).

They have been playing first-class cricket since 1935. Bengal have won the Ranji Trophy twice and been runners-up 13 times. They also play in the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy and the Vijay Hazare Trophy, both of which they have won once.

Several international cricketers have played for the team including Dilip Doshi, Sourav Ganguly, Deep Dasgupta, Mohammed Shami, Pankaj Roy, and Wriddhiman Saha.

Mumbai cricket team
The Mumbai cricket team is a cricket team which represents Mumbai in Indian domestic cricket. It is governed by Mumbai Cricket Association. Its home ground is Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai.

The team also plays its home matches at Bandra Kurla Complex Ground and Brabourne Stadium. The team comes under the West Zone designation. It was formerly known as the Bombay cricket team, but changed its name when the city was renamed from Bombay to Mumbai.

Mumbai is the most successful team in the history of Ranji Trophy, India's premier domestic cricket competition, with 42 titles. Its most recent title was in 2023–24. It also has won 14 (and 1 shared) Irani Cups.

Mumbai has produced some of the greatest Indian cricketers of all time, such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar,  Ajinkya Rahane, Rohit Sharma, Shreyas Iyer, Vijay Merchant, Polly Umrigar, and Dilip Vengsarkar.
Rampage Brown
Oliver Biney (born 8 August 1983) is an English professional wrestler best known for his time in WWE, performing under the ring name Rampage Brown. He is also known for his work throughout the European and British independent wrestling circuit. Biney also briefly worked for WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling in 2011 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in September 2014. He is currently a trainer for New Generation Wrestling in their North East School.

New Generation Wrestling
New Generation Wrestling (NGW) is a currently active British professional wrestling promotion based in Hull, founded by Luke Ingamells in 2008. Its next show is “The 16th Anniversary Show” on Friday the 28th June at Hull City Hall.

NGW is featured regularly on Challenge TV's WrestleTalk and British Wrestling Round-Up programs, and on Bay TV Liverpool and the Lincolnshire-based Estuary TV.
Happy Husbands (2010 film)
Happy Husbands is a 2010 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Saji Surendran, written by Krishna Poojappura and produced by Milan Jaleel under his banner Galaxy Films. It is the remake of 2002 Tamil film Charlie Chaplin. The film stars Jayaram, Indrajith Sukumaran and Jayasurya in title roles with Bhavana, Samvrutha Sunil, Rima Kallingal. The film completed a 150-day theatrical run and became a blockbuster.

Bhavana (actress)
Karthika (born 6 June 1986), known by her stage name Bhavana, is an Indian film actress who predominantly appears in Malayalam and Kannada films. She made her acting debut at the age of 15 with the Malayalam film Nammal (2002). Bhavana is a recipient of several accolades, including two Kerala State Film Awards and a Filmfare Award South.
Yuko Araki
Yuko Araki (新木 優子, Araki Yūko; born 15 December 1993 in Tokyo) is a Japanese actress and fashion model. Her most notable works are films Our Meal for Tomorrow (2017), That Girl's Captives of Love (2018), See Hear Love (2023), Once Upon a Crime (2023), and Kingdom 4: Return of the Great General (2024), as well as television series Code Blue (2017), Kiss that Kills (2018), Suits (2018–2020), and Roppongi Class (2022). She is represented by Stardust Promotion.

Suits (Japanese TV series)
Suits (スーツ) is a Japanese television drama starring Yuji Oda and Yuto Nakajima. The drama is based on the American television series of the same name by Aaron Korsh. Its first season aired on Fuji TV from October 8 to December 17, 2018. The second season's first two episodes aired on April 13 and April 20, 2020. Production of the season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but resumed in June and aired from July 27 to October 19, 2020.
Chan Yik Yan
Chan Yik Yan (Chinese: 陳亦人, Chen Yi Ren; 1909–1982) was a disciple of Liuhebafa Master Wu Yi Hui.  Although Wu Yi Hui taught many students, it's only Chan Yik Yan who is known to have completed the entire Liuhebafa system.

Chan Yik Yan taught Liuhebafa in Hong Kong and Singapore. While a specific group of six disciples is often cited in certain lineages (listing Lung Wah, Jau Mui Tin, Poon Yi, Ho Moon Cheung, Choi Wai Lun, and Mok Kei Fa), Chan Yik Yan instructed other senior students who became instrumental in preserving the art.

Notably, Master Chan Kam Tung (Kam Tung) is recognized as a senior disciple who remained in Hong Kong to continue Chan Yik Yan's traditional teachings. Today, the lineage is represented both by Wai Lun Choi's efforts in the West and by Chan Kam Tung's school in Hong Kong.

Liuhebafa
Liuhebafa quan (Chinese: 六合八法拳; pinyin: liùhébāfǎ quán; lit. 'Six-Harmonies Eight-Methods Boxing') is an internal Chinese martial art.  It has been called "xinyi liuhebafa" (心意六合八法拳) and is also referred to as "water boxing" (水拳; shuǐquán) due to its principles.