hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hoge Kempen National Park
Hoge Kempen National Park (Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen) is the first National Park in Flanders, Belgium. It is located in the Campine in the East of the Province of Limburg, between Genk and the river Meuse (Dutch: Maas) Valley. It includes the elevated ground that defines the watershed between that river and the low ground of the drainage basin of the river Demer that covers most of Belgian Limburg.

Maasmechelen
Maasmechelen (Dutch pronunciation: [maːsˈmɛxələ(n)]; Limburgish: Mechele) is a municipality located on the Meuse in the Belgian province of Limburg.

It comprises the former municipalities of Mechelen-aan-de-Maas, Vucht, Leut, Meeswijk, Uikhoven, Eisden, Opgrimbie, Boorsem, and Kotem.

Due to Maasmechelen's location near the borders of both the Netherlands and Germany, as well as its coal mining history, quite a few of its current inhabitants are of Dutch, German, Polish, or Mediterranean (mainly Italian) origin.
Garcelle Beauvais
Garcelle Beauvais (French pronunciation: [gaʁsɛl bovɛ], formerly Beauvais-Nilon; born November 26, 1966) is a Haitian-American actress and television personality. She is best known for her starring roles in the sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show and the crime drama series NYPD Blue. She also appeared in the films Coming to America (1988) and its sequel, Coming 2 America (2021), White House Down (2013), and Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017).

In 2020, Beauvais became a part of the main cast on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, where she remained for five seasons before announcing her departure after season 14. She also co-hosted the daytime talk show The Real (2020–2022) alongside Adrienne Bailon, Loni Love, and Jeannie Mai for its final two seasons.

The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (abbreviated as RHOBH) is an American reality television series which has been broadcast on Bravo since October 14, 2010. Developed as the sixth installment of The Real Housewives franchise, it has aired fourteen seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of women who live in or near Beverly Hills, California.

The fifteenth season cast consist of: Kyle Richards, Erika Girardi, Dorit Kemsley, Sutton Stracke, Bozoma Saint John, Rachel Zoe and Amanda Frances; with Kathy Hilton, Jennifer Tilly and Natalie Swanston Fuller serving as "friends of the housewives". The success of the show has resulted in two spin-offs: Vanderpump Rules and Vanderpump Dogs revolving around original cast member Lisa Vanderpump.
How to Meet a Perfect Neighbor
How to Meet a Perfect Neighbor (Korean: 완벽한 이웃을 만나는 법; RR: Wanbyeokhan iuseul mannaneun beop) is a 2007 South Korean television series starring Kim Seung-woo, Bae Doona, Park Si-hoo, Wang Ji-hye, Son Hyun-joo and Kim Sung-ryung. It aired on SBS from July 25 to September 27, 2007 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

The romantic comedy series was partially filmed in Cambodia, the first time for a Korean drama to be shot in that country.

Park Si-hoo
Park Si-hoo (Korean: 박시후; born February 15, 1977), birth name Park Pyeong-ho, is a South Korean actor. He began his entertainment career as an underwear model and stage actor, then made his official television debut in 2005. After several years in supporting roles, Park rose to fame in 2010 with the popular romantic comedy series Queen of Reversals and Prosecutor Princess. This was followed by leading roles in period drama The Princess' Man (2011) and thriller film Confession of Murder (2012).
The Teahouse (film)
The Teahouse is a 1974 Hong Kong crime drama directed by Kuei Chih-Hung. Written by On Szeto, the film is about an immigrant restaurant owner trying to protect his family from juvenile gangs. It was such a hit that the film was followed by a 1975 sequel, Big Brother Cheng, with kung fu star Chen Kuan Tai reprising the eponymous role.

Big Brother Cheng
Big Brother Cheng is a 1975 sequel to the Hong Kong hit crime drama The Teahouse directed by Kuei Chih-Hung. Written by On Szeto, it follows the eponymous character as he continues to protect his community from thugs.
Plasmodium gaboni
Plasmodium gaboni is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium  subgenus Laverania.

P. gaboni was given its name in reference to Gabon, where the parasite was discovered in two wild-borne chimpanzees kept as pets in villages in that country.
Plasmodium gaboni is phylogenetically very close to Plasmodium billbrayi.

Laverania
Laverania is a subgenus of the parasite genus Plasmodium. Infection with these species results in malaria. The subgenus was first described in 1958.

The name was first proposed by Welch in 1897 as a genus name for the group now known as Plasmodium but for a variety of reasons the genus name Plasmodium was preferred.
Earl of Lincoln
Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the peerage of England, most recently in 1572. The earldom was held as a subsidiary title by the Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne, from 1768 to 1988, until the dukedom became extinct.

Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln (1170 – 26 October 1232), known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester (in the second lineage of the title after the original family line was broken after the 2nd Earl), was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours. He has been described as "almost the last relic of the great feudal aristocracy of the Conquest".
Hampstead Parish, New Brunswick
Hampstead is a geographic parish in Queens County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, for governance purposes it was divided between CFB Gagetown and the local service district of Hampstead, which was a member of Capital Region Service Commission (RSC11). The Saint John River islands are not part of the local service district.

CFB Gagetown
5th Canadian Division Support Base (5 CDSB) Gagetown, commonly known as CFB Gagetown, is a large Canadian Forces Base covering an area over 1,100 km2 (420 sq mi), located in southwestern New Brunswick.

At 274,000 acres, it is the biggest facility in Eastern Canada, and Canada's second-largest facility.
Traffic Ramasamy (film)
Traffic Ramasamy is a 2018 Indian Tamil language biographical drama film directed by Vicky (Vigneswaran Vijayan), in his directorial debut. The film stars veteran film director S. A. Chandrasekhar alongside Rohini, Prakash Raj, Upasana RC, Livingston and Ambika in pivotal roles and features Vijay Sethupathi, Vijay Antony, Khushbu, Seeman, and Kasthuri in special appearances.

The film is based on the real-life story of the veteran social activist K. R. Ramaswamy who received the nickname of Traffic Ramaswamy for his activism in controlling traffic related issues in Tamil Nadu. The music for the film is scored by Balamurali Balu with lyrics written by Kabilan Vairamuthu while the cinematography is handled by Kugan S. Palani.

Balamurali Balu
Balamurali Balu is an Indian film music director and lyricist who has worked predominantly in the Tamil film industry. His first movie was Madhiyal Vell and composed music for Pallu Padama Paathuka. Subsequently, he composed music for Peechankai. This critically acclaimed film was Balu's debut as a composer. He was praised for "adding the quirkiness" to the music aligning with the theme of the movie's script.
Plasma globe
A plasma ball, plasma globe, or plasma lamp is a clear glass container filled with noble gases, usually a mixture of neon, krypton, and xenon, that has a high-voltage electrode in the center of the container. When voltage is applied, a plasma is formed within the container. Plasma filaments extend from the inner electrode to the outer glass insulator, giving the appearance of multiple constant beams of colored light. Plasma balls were popular as novelty items in the 1980s.

The plasma lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla, during his experimentation with high-frequency currents in an evacuated glass tube for the purpose of studying high voltage phenomena. Tesla called his invention an "inert gas discharge tube". The modern plasma lamp design was developed by James Falk and MIT student Bill Parker.

A crackle tube is a related device filled with phosphor-coated beads.

Plasma lamp
Plasma lamps are a type of electrodeless gas-discharge lamp energized by radio frequency (RF) power. They are distinct from the novelty plasma lamps that were popular in the 1980s.

The internal-electrodeless lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla after his experimentation with high-frequency currents in evacuated glass tubes for the purposes of lighting and the study of high voltage phenomena. The first practical plasma lamps were the sulfur lamps manufactured by Fusion Lighting. This lamp suffered several practical problems and did not prosper commercially. Plasma lamps with an internal phosphor coating are called external electrode fluorescent lamps (EEFL); these external electrodes or terminal conductors provide the radio frequency electric field.
Jan Behrendt
Jan Behrendt (born 29 November 1967 in Ilmenau, Bezirk Suhl) is a former East German luger who competed from the mid-1980s to 1998. Together with Stefan Krauße he won two Olympic gold medals (1992, 1998), one silver medal (1988) and one bronze (1994) in men's doubles.

In addition, they won eleven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with seven golds (Men's doubles: 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995; Mixed team: 1991, 1993, 1995) and four silvers (Men's doubles: 1997, Mixed team: 1989, 1996, 1997). At the FIL European Luge Championships, they won a total of six medals with four golds (Men's doubles: 1996, 1998; Mixed team: 1996, 1998) and two bronzes (Men's doubles: 1990, 1992).

They won the overall Luge World Cup men's doubles title three times (1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96).

Behrendt and Krausse retired after the 1998 Olympics. The same year they were proclaimed honorary citizens of Ilmenau.

Stefan Krauße
Stefan Krauße (born 17 September 1967 in Ilmenau, Bezirk Suhl) is a former East German luger who competed from the mid-1980s to 1998. Together with Jan Behrendt he won two Olympic gold medals (1992, 1998), one silver medal (1988) and one bronze (1994) in men's doubles.

In addition, they won eleven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with seven golds (Men's doubles: 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995; Mixed team: 1991, 1993, 1995) and four silvers (Men's doubles: 1997, Mixed team: 1989, 1996, 1997). At the FIL European Luge Championships, they won a total of six medals with four golds (Men's doubles: 1996, 1998; Mixed team: 1996, 1998) and two bronzes (Men's doubles: 1990, 1992).

They won the overall Luge World Cup men's doubles title three times (1993-4, 1994–5, 1995–6).

Behrendt and Krauße retired after the 1998 Olympics. The same year they were proclaimed honorary citizens of Ilmenau.
East Falkland
East Falkland (Spanish: Isla Soledad, meaning "Solitude Island") is the largest island of the Falklands in the South Atlantic, having an area of 6,605 km2 (2,550 square miles) or 54% of the total area of the Falklands. The island consists of two main land masses, of which the more southerly is known as Lafonia; it is joined by a narrow isthmus where the settlement of Goose Green is located, and it was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green during the Falklands War.

The two main centres of population in the Falklands, Stanley and Mount Pleasant, which are both in the northern half of East Falkland, are home to three-quarters of the island's population.

Goose Green
Goose Green, also known simply as Goose, is a hamlet in Lafonia on East Falkland in the Falkland Islands. It lies on Choiseul Sound, on the east side of the island's central isthmus, 2 miles (3.2 km) south-southwest of Darwin. With a population of about 40, it is the third-largest settlement of the Falkland Islands, after Stanley and Mount Pleasant.

Goose Green has a shop and a small airfield. Local attractions include the nearby Bodie Suspension Bridge and the shipwreck of the Vicar of Bray, which participated in the California gold rush.

At 430,000 acres (1,700 km2), Goose Green farm is double the size of the farms at Port Howard and North Arm. During the Falklands War, it was the scene of the Battle of Goose Green.
Quincy Adams Gillmore
Quincy Adams Gillmore (February 28, 1825 – April 7, 1888) was an American civil engineer, author, and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was noted for his actions in the Union victory at Fort Pulaski, where his modern rifled artillery readily pounded the fort's exterior stone walls, an action that essentially rendered stone fortifications obsolete. He earned an international reputation as an organizer of siege operations and helped revolutionize the use of naval gunnery.

Fort Pulaski National Monument
Fort Pulaski National Monument is located on Cockspur Island between Savannah and Tybee Island, Georgia. It preserves Fort Pulaski, the place where the Union Army successfully tested rifled cannons in 1862, the success of which rendered brick fortifications obsolete. The fort was also used as a prisoner-of-war camp.

The national monument includes most of Cockspur Island (containing the fort) and all of the adjacent McQueens Island.
Elean Thomas
Elean Roslyn Thomas (18 September 1947 – 27 May 2004) was a Jamaican poet, novelist, journalist and activist. She was active in the struggle for women's rights in the Caribbean and the movement for Jamaican national independence, as well as working in Latin America, Eastern and Western Europe and Africa. She was married (1988–1998) to human rights barrister Anthony Gifford.

Anthony Gifford, 6th Baron Gifford
Anthony Maurice Gifford, 6th Baron Gifford (born 1 May 1940), is a British hereditary peer and King's Counsel. He inherited the title of Baron Gifford on the death of his father, the 5th Baron, in April 1961. In 1970, Gifford was instrumental in establishing the first law centre in the UK.
Yucatán (film)
Yucatán is a 2018 Spanish comedy film directed by Daniel Monzón from a screenplay by Jorge Guerricaechevarría and Monzón which stars Luis Tosar, Rodrigo de la Serna, Joan Pera, and Stephanie Cayo. The plot follows a group of scammers who embark on a cruise ship to defraud and steal the money of an old baker who recently won millions of euros in the lottery. It was filmed mostly onboard Pullmantur Cruises's MS Sovereign and on location in the ports where the ship docked on its route.

Rodrigo de la Serna
Lionel Rodrigo de la Serna (Spanish: [roˈðɾiɣo ðe la ˈseɾna]; born 18 April 1976) is an Argentine actor. He is known for playing Alberto Granado in the 2004 biopic The Motorcycle Diaries and Palermo in the Netflix series Money Heist.
Little Neva
The Little Neva or Malaya Neva (Russian: Ма́лая Нева́) is the second largest distributary of the river Neva. The Neva splits into Great Neva (the southern armlet) and Little Neva (the northern armlet) near the Spit of Vasilievsky Island (easternmost tip of the island), in the historic centre of the city of Saint Petersburg.

The Little Neva is 4.25 kilometres (2.64 mi) long; the width is from 200 to 400 metres (660 to 1,310 ft), and the depth is 3 to 7 metres (10 to 23 ft). It has its own armlets: Smolenka and Zhdanovka. There are three bridges across Little Neva: Exchange Bridge, Tuchkov Bridge and Betancourt Bridge.

Smolenka (river)
The Smolenka (Russian: Смоленка) is a minor river in the city of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is one of the armlets of the Neva forming its delta. It branches off the Malaya Neva armlet at 59°57′00″N 30°16′25″E﻿ / ﻿59.95000°N 30.27361°E﻿ / 59.95000; 30.27361, and flows through the Smolensky Cemetery into the Gulf of Finland, separating Decembrists' Island from the Vasilievsky Island. It is 3,700 metres (2.3 mi) long.

The river takes its name from the Smolensky Cemetery. There are four bridges across the Smolenka:

Uralsky Bridge

Smolensky Bridge

Nalichny Bridge

Shipbuilders' Bridge
Kollerfjellet
Kollerfjellet is a mountain at Hopen, Svalbard. It has a height of 304 m.a.s.l., and its first known ascent was made in 1924 during topographic works.

The meteorological station Hopen Radio is located between Kollerfjellet and Werenskioldfjellet.

Werenskioldfjellet
Werenskioldfjellet is a mountain at Hopen, Svalbard. The mountain is named after Norwegian geologist and Arctic explorer Werner Werenskiold.

The meteorological station Hopen Radio is located between Werenskioldfjellet and Kollerfjellet. In 1978 there was an incident when a Soviet Tupolev Tu-16 aircraft accidentally crashed at the sides of Werenskioldfjellet.
When Eight Bells Toll (film)
When Eight Bells Toll (also known as Alistair MacLean's When Eight Bells Toll ) is a 1971 action film directed by Étienne Périer and starring Anthony Hopkins, Jack Hawkins, Robert Morley, and Nathalie Delon. Set in Scotland, it is based upon Scottish author Alistair MacLean's 1965 novel of the same name. Producer Elliott Kastner planned to produce a string of realistic gritty espionage thrillers to rival the James Bond series, but the film's poor box office receipts ended his plans.

Elliott Kastner
Elliott Kastner (January 7, 1930 – June 30, 2010) was an American film producer, whose best known credits include Where Eagles Dare (1968), The Long Goodbye (1973), The Missouri Breaks (1976), and Angel Heart (1987).
Exchange controls in the United Kingdom
Exchange controls, also known as capital controls and currency controls, limiting the convertibility of Pounds sterling into foreign currencies, operated within the United Kingdom from the outbreak of war in 1939 until they were abolished by the Conservative Government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in October 1979.

Foreign exchange controls
Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents, on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents, or the transfers of any currency across national borders. These controls allow countries to better manage their economies by controlling the inflow and outflow of currency, which may otherwise create exchange rate volatility. Countries with weak and/or developing economies generally use foreign exchange controls to limit speculation against their currencies. They may also introduce capital controls, which limit foreign investment in the country.
Russel Brothers
Russel Brothers Limited was a Canadian steel boat builder, diesel engine manufacturer and steel fabricator. The company operated in Fort Frances, Ontario from 1907 to 1937 and then in Owen Sound, Ontario from 1937 to 1994. The old site was later used by Fort Frances Steel & Welding and Busch’s Auto Supply before being demolished and now parking lot for LaVerendrye General Hospital along Front Street and Armit Avenue

Owen Sound
Owen Sound (2021 Census population 21,612) is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. The seat of government of Grey County, it is located at the mouths of the Pottawatomi and Sydenham Rivers on an inlet of Georgian Bay.

The primary tourist attractions are the many waterfalls within a short drive of the town.
Wil, Aargau
Wil was a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The municipality is located in the north-east of the Fricktal region, about 3 km from the border to Germany.  On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Hottwil, Etzgen, Mettau, Oberhofen and Wil merged into the municipality of Mettauertal.

Oberhofen, Aargau
Oberhofen was a municipality in the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Hottwil, Etzgen, Mettau, Oberhofen and Wil merged into the municipality of Mettauertal.
First universal common ancestor
The first universal common ancestor (FUCA) is proposed to have been a non-cellular entity that was the earliest organism with a genetic code capable of performing biological translation of RNA molecules to protein formation through peptides synthesis. Its descendants would include the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and, therefore, all modern cells. FUCA would also be the ancestor of ancient sister lineages of LUCA with no direct modern descendants, but may have transferred genetic material horizontally into the genomes of early descendants of LUCA.

FUCA  is thought to have been composed of progenotes, ancient biological systems that would have used RNA for their genome and self-replication. By comparison, LUCA would have had a complex metabolism and a DNA genome containing hundreds of genes grouped into several gene families.

RNP world
The RNP world is a hypothesized intermediate period in the origin of life characterized by the primary metabolic role of ribonucleoproteins. The period followed the hypothesized RNA world and ended with the formation of DNA and contemporary proteins. In the RNP world, RNA molecules began to synthesize peptides. These would eventually become proteins which have since assumed most of the diverse functions RNA performed previously. This transition paved the way for DNA to replace RNA as the primary store of genetic information, leading to life as we know it.
Fleur-de-Thé
Fleur-de-Thé (French pronunciation: [flœʁ də te], Teaflower) is a three-act opéra bouffe with music by Charles Lecocq and words by Alfred Duru and Henri Chivot. The story centres on a French bar-keeper, who is saved from a bigamous marriage to an aristocratic young local by the intervention of his real wife, with the aid of champagne and French sailors. It is set in China to appeal to the 1860s French fashion for Chinoiserie.

The opera was first produced at the Théâtre de l'Athénée, Paris, on 11 April 1868. It was Lecocq's first substantial success and ran for an entire season. It was revived several times in its first three years.

Alfred Duru
Henri Alfred Duru (22 November 1829 – 28 December 1889) was a 19th-century French playwright and operetta librettist who collaborated on more than 40 librettos for the leading French composers of operetta: Hervé, Offenbach, Lecocq and Audran.
Nikola Todev
Nikola Todev (Bulgarian: Никола Тодев, pronounced [niˈkɔɫɐ ˈtɔdɛf]; 13 June 1928 – 30 March 1991) was a Bulgarian theater and film actor.

Todev is best known with his performances of characteristic types most notably the village mayor in The Hare Census (1973), Kara Kolyo in Manly Times (1977) and the uncle in Ladies Choice (1980).

Manly Times
Manly Times (Bulgarian: Мъжки времена, romanized: Mazhki vremena) is a Bulgarian drama film released in 1977, directed by Eduard Zahariev, starring Grigor Vachkov, Mariana Dimitrova, Velko Kanev and Pavel Popandov. The screenplay, written by Nikolay Haytov is based on the short stories Manly Times and Wedding from his book Wild Stories (1967).

In a colourful folklore manner, the movie presents an old tradition of stealing girls for brides that was a reputable occupation in the Rhodope Mountains region. The interaction between a brilliant literature and skilful directing as well as the memorable performances by Vachkov and Dimitrova received a broad critical acclaim and turned the film into one of the classics of the Bulgarian cinematography.
All-African Convention
The All-African Convention conference took place from 15–18 December 1935. Notable figures who attended the delegation included Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu, Pixley ka Isaka Seme, JL Dube, Zacharias Richard Mahabane, Alfred Bitini Xuma, James Moroka and Thabo Edwin Mofutsanyana. The Convention consisted of representatives from across a broad political spectrum, including the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party, and the Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union. They convened at a community hall in Bloemfontein in response to three proposed bills by President J.B.M. Hertzog.

Zacharias Richard Mahabane
Zacharias Richard Mahabane, OLG (15 August 1881 – September 1971) was a South African politician. He was the President of the African National Congress from 1924 to 1927 and again from 1937 to 1940. He was also a Methodist pastor.