hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Team England (roller derby)
England Roller Derby represents England in women's international roller derby, at events such as the Roller Derby World Cup.  The team was first formed to compete at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup in Toronto, Canada, and competed in the 2014 Roller Derby World Cup in Dallas, USA and the 2018 Roller Derby World Cup in Manchester, England. In 2025 they finished 3rd in the World Cup held in Insbruk, Austria.

Royal Windsor Roller Derby
Royal Windsor Roller Derby (RWRD) was a flat track roller derby league based in Berkshire, England. Founded in 2007 as Royal Windsor Roller Girls, RWRD was Berkshire's first roller derby league and one of the first in the UK. The league trained in Ascot and played its home games at Windsor Leisure Centre.

RWRD was a member of the United Kingdom Roller Derby Association (UKRDA) and the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).
The team announced it had played its last game on 5 November 2023.
UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying
The UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying tournament was a football competition that was played from March 2023 to March 2024 to determine the 23 UEFA member men's national teams that would join the automatically qualified host team Germany in the UEFA Euro 2024 final tournament. The competition was linked with the 2022–23 UEFA Nations League, which gave countries a secondary route to qualify for the final tournament.

A total of 53 UEFA member associations entered the qualifying process. The draw for the qualifying group stage took place at the Festhalle in Frankfurt on 9 October 2022.

2023 UEFA Nations League Finals
The 2023 UEFA Nations League Finals was the final tournament of the 2022–23 edition of the UEFA Nations League, the third season of the international football competition involving the men's national teams of the 55 member associations of UEFA. The tournament was held from 14 to 18 June 2023 in the Netherlands and was contested by the four group winners of Nations League A. The tournament consisted of two semi-finals, a third place play-off and a final to determine the champions of the UEFA Nations League.

Following their win in 2021, defending champions France were unable to retain their title after finishing third in their group.

Spain won the final against Croatia, 5–4 on penalties following a 0–0 draw after extra time, for their first UEFA Nations League title.
Libanus (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Libanus (Ancient Greek: Λίβανος, romanized: Libanos) is a character in a minor myth who was transformed into a small aromatic shrub. His brief myth survives in the works of Nicolaus Sophista, a Greek sophist and rhetor of the fifth century AD, and the Geoponica, a Byzantine Greek collection of agricultural lore, compiled during the tenth century in Constantinople for the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.

Leucothoe (daughter of Orchamus)
In Greek mythology, Leucothoe (Ancient Greek: Λευκοθόη, from λευκός, "white", and θοός, "quick, swift") was a Babylonian princess. The daughter of Orchamus, a king of Persia, Leucothoe was either a lover of the sun god Helios or a victim of rape. A nymph or Leucothoe's own sister, named Clytie, who loved Helios and was jealous of Leucothoe, informed Leucothoe's father that Leucothoe, despite being unmarried, was no longer a virgin, whereupon Orchamus buried his daughter alive in punishment. Helios then transformed Leucothoe's dead body into a frankincense tree.

The tale is best known from the Augustan poet Ovid's narrative poem Metamorphoses, in which the fullest account of it survives, although references and allusions to Leucothoe's story survive in other sources as well.
Megaregions of the United States
"Megaregion" is a term proposed by the Regional Plan Association (RPA), an American think-tank focused on urban planning. The megaregions of the United States, as the RPA defines them, are eleven regions of the United States that contain two or more roughly adjacent urban metropolitan areas that, through commonality of systems, including transportation, economies, resources, and ecologies, experience blurred boundaries between the urban centers, perceive and act as if they are a continuous urban area.

Each respective region is also known as a "megalopolis", a term initially coined to define Northeastern United States, which ranges from Boston in the north to Washington, D.C. in the south. That region has an estimated population of over 50 million people as of 2022 and includes some of the nation's largest cities, including Baltimore, New York City, and Philadelphia.

Megalopolis
A megalopolis (/ˌmɛɡəˈlɒpəlɪs/), also called a supercity or megaregion, is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on. They are integrated enough that coordinating policy is valuable, although the constituent metropolises keep their individual identities. The megalopolis concept has become highly influential as it introduced a new, larger scale thinking about urban patterns and growth.
Pug Lund
Francis LeRoy "Pug" Lund (April 18, 1913 – May 26, 1994) was an American football player.  He played college football as a halfback for Minnesota Golden Gophers and won All-Big Ten Conference honors in both 1933 and in 1934. He was captain of the 1934 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team that compiled a perfect 8–0 record and won the national championship. He won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the conference in 1934 and was also a consensus first-team player on the 1934 All-America college football team.  Lund was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1958.

1934 All-America college football team
The 1934 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1934. The nine selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1934 season are (1) Collier's Weekly, as selected by Grantland Rice, (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the United Press (UP), (4) the All-America Board (AAB), (5) the International News Service (INS), (6) Liberty magazine, (7) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (8) the North American Newspaper Alliance (NANA), and (9) the Sporting News (SN).

No player was the unanimous choice of all nine selectors.  Quarterback Bobby Grayson of Stanford and fullback Pug Lund of Minnesota led the group with first-team designations from eight of the nine official selectors.  Dixie Howell of Alabama and Chuck Hartwig of Pittsburgh each received six official first-team designations.
John Arthur Kemp
John Kemp (1926–1987) created and ran the East Coast Sail Trust, a charitable institution devoted to both character building for young people through education at sea, and preservation of Thames sailing barges.  The Trust has been running for over 40 years, during which time many thousands of young people from Britain and around the world, have benefited from the experience that is provided. His earlier work on the preservation of Thames sailing barges was instrumental in the continued existence of the fleet today. He was also the author of three books and a prolific writer of newspaper and magazine articles.

Maldon
Maldon (/ˈmɔːldən/, locally /ˈmɒldən/) is a town and civil parish on the Blackwater Estuary in Essex, England. It is the seat of the Maldon District and starting point of the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation. It is known for Maldon Sea Salt which is produced in the area. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 14,938, and the Maldon built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics, which extends beyond the parish boundary to also take in Heybridge to the north, had a population of 23,380.
Ini Archibong
Inimfon "Ini" Joshua Archibong (born 1983) is an American-born Nigerian artist and designer. His work reflects an interest in master-craftsmanship and its relationship to technology, as well as mathematics, philosophy, and world religions. Speaking about the difference between art and design, he said "The idea that something has to be useless in order to be art is something I reject."

Polytechnic School (California)
Polytechnic School, often referred to simply as Poly, is a college preparatory private day school located in Pasadena, California with approximately 850 students enrolled in grades Kindergarten through 12.

The school is a former member of the G20 Schools group.
Virginia Paul Holm
Virginia Paul Holm Bye (March 14, 1902 – October 1968) was a Minnesota politician, a member of the Republican Party, and the first woman to serve as Secretary of State of Minnesota.

Holm was appointed to the position in 1952 by Gov. Elmer Anderson. She succeeded H.H. Chesterman, who had himself previously been appointed to fill the vacancy left by the death of Holm's husband, former Secretary of State Mike Holm.

Holm won election in her own right in November 1952, but lost her bid for re-election in 1954. Her name on the ballot was Mrs. Mike Holm.

H. H. Chesterman
H.H. Chesterman was an American politician who briefly served as the 15th secretary of state of Minnesota from July to September 1952.

Chesterman, who had served as Assistant Secretary of State under Mike Holm, was appointed to the position in July 1952 by Gov. Elmer Anderson after Holm's death. Chesterman was replaced by Anderson in September of that year; Anderson appointed Virginia Paul Holm, Mike Holm's widow, after public sentiment grew that she should succeed him.
Fort H. G. Wright
Fort H. G. Wright was a United States military installation on Fishers Island in the town of Southold, New York, just two miles off the coast of southeastern Connecticut, but technically in New York. It was part of the Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound, along with Fort Terry, Fort Michie, and (in World War II) Camp Hero. These forts defended the eastern entrance of Long Island Sound and thus Connecticut's ports and the north shore of Long Island. The fort was named for Union General Horatio G. Wright, a former Chief of Engineers who was born in Clinton, Connecticut.

The fort was first developed in the early 20th century and was active in the First and Second World Wars.  After the Second World War, it was deactivated as a coast defense fort.

11th Coast Artillery (United States)
The 11th Coast Artillery was a coast artillery regiment in the United States Army, first constituted in the Regular Army on 27 February 1924. It primarily served as the Regular Army component of the Harbor Defenses of Long Island Sound (HD Long Island Sound), New York from 1924 through 1944, when it was relieved and disbanded as part of an Army-wide reorganization.
VP-23
VP-23, Patrol Squadron 23, known as the Seahawks, was a U.S. Navy fixed-wing, anti-submarine and maritime patrol squadron based at Brunswick Naval Air Station, Brunswick, Maine, United States.  It was established as Weather Reconnaissance Squadron Three (VPW-3) on 17 May 1946, redesignated as Meteorology Squadron Three (VPM-3) on 15 November 1946, redesignated Heavy Patrol Squadron (Landplane) Three (VP-HL-3) on 8 December 1947 (as the second squadron to be assigned the VP-HL-3 designation), and to Patrol Squadron Twenty Three (VP-23) on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 28 February 1995. It was the second squadron to be designated VP-23, the first VP-23 was redesignated Patrol Bombing Squadron 23 (VPB-23) on 1 October 1944 and disestablished on 25 January 1946.

Lockheed P-2 Neptune
The Lockheed P-2 Neptune (designated P2V by the United States Navy prior to September 1962) is a maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. It was developed for the US Navy by Lockheed to replace the Lockheed PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon, and was replaced in turn by the Lockheed P-3 Orion. Designed as a land-based aircraft, the Neptune never made a carrier landing, but a small number were converted and deployed as carrier-launched (using JATO assist), stop-gap nuclear bombers that would have to land on shore or ditch. The type was successful in export, and saw service with several armed forces.
Georgi Vins
Georgi Petrovich Vins (Russian: Георгий Петрович Винс; 4 August 1928 – 11 January 1998) was a Russian Baptist pastor persecuted by the Soviet authorities for his involvement in a network of independent Baptist churches. Following an agreement between Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Vins and his family were expelled from the Soviet Union in 1979 with a group of other dissidents (Alexander Ginzburg, Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits and Valentin Moroz) in exchange for two convicted spies, Rudolf Chernyaev and Valdik Enger.

Eduard Kuznetsov (dissident)
Eduard Samoilovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Эдуа́рд Само́йлович Кузнецо́в, Hebrew: אדוארד קוזנצוב; 29 January 1939 – 22 December 2024) was a Soviet-Israeli dissident, refusenik, journalist, and writer. One of the leaders of the 1970 Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair, Kuznetsov's case drew international attention following his death sentence. As a result of global protests, his sentence was commuted to fifteen years' imprisonment.

Kuznetsov was released in 1979 as part of a prisoner exchange between the Soviet Union and the United States. He subsequently made aliyah to Israel. Throughout the 1980s, he participated in the operations of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty before beginning the publication of the Russian-language Israeli newspaper Vesti in 1992. Kuznetsov is the author of three novels, two of which were written in prison and smuggled out of the country.

Kuznetsov died in Israel on 22 December 2024, at the age of 85.
Surface Pen
The Surface Pen is an active stylus and digital pen developed by Microsoft for its series of Surface computing devices. It is designed to showcase the pen computing capabilities of Microsoft's Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10 and Windows 11 operating systems.

Surface Studio
The Surface Studio is an all-in-one PC, designed and produced by Microsoft as part of its Surface series of Windows-based personal computing devices. It was announced at the Windows 10 Devices Event on October 26, 2016, with pre-orders beginning that day.

The first desktop computer to be manufactured entirely by Microsoft, the Surface Studio, uses the Windows 10 operating system with the Anniversary Update preinstalled. However, it is optimized for the Windows 10 Creator's Update, which was released on April 11, 2017. The product, starting at $2,999, is aimed primarily at people in creative professions such as graphic artists and designers.

Two years later, in October 2018, Microsoft announced its successor, the Surface Studio 2.
Caglio
Caglio (Valassinese Lombard: Caj [ˈkaj]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 404 and an area of 6.5 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi).

Caglio borders the following municipalities: Asso, Caslino d'Erba, Faggeto Lario, Nesso, Rezzago, Sormano.

Caslino d'Erba
Caslino d'Erba (Brianzöö: Caslin [kaˈzlĩː]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 40 kilometres (40 km) north of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,745 and an area of 7.0 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi).

Caslino d'Erba borders the following municipalities: Asso, Caglio, Canzo, Castelmarte, Erba, Faggeto Lario, Ponte Lambro, Rezzago.
Tom Hallion
Thomas Francis Hallion (born September 5, 1956) is an American retired Major League Baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1985 to 1999 and in both major leagues from 2005 until 2022. He was promoted to crew chief in 2010. Hallion has worn number 20 during his MLB career. He resigned from the NL in 1999 as part of a failed mass bargaining strategy, but he was rehired by MLB before the 2005 season.

1999 Major League Umpires Association mass resignation
The 1999 Major League Umpires Association mass resignation was a labor tactic used by 68 Major League Baseball (MLB) umpires, including 66 members of the Major League Umpires Association (MLUA), the official umpires union at the time. Unable to strike because they had a labor agreement in place at the time, 57 umpires formally resigned by orchestrated letters in an attempt to force negotiations with MLB for a new labor agreement. The American and National Leagues instead immediately hired new umpires and accepted 22 of the resignations. The union membership became fractured on the issue, and the umpires tried to rescind their resignations, but the MLUA was unsuccessful in retaining the jobs of the 22 umpires and the resignations were seen as final. The incident led to the decertification of the MLUA and the formation of a new union, the World Umpires Association (WUA), now the Major League Baseball Umpires Association.
Thijs Wöltgens
Mathias Andreas Marie (Thijs) Wöltgens (30 November 1943 Kerkrade - 7 May 2008) was a Dutch politician. He served as the mayor of the Kerkrade, a town on the German border in the southeast of the Netherlands, from 1994 until 2000. Wöltgens was also a Senator from 1995 until 2005.

Thijs Wöltgens died in Kerkrade on 7 May 2008, at the age of 64 of a heart attack.

Kerkrade
Kerkrade (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkɛrkˌraːdə] ⓘ; Ripuarian: Kirchroa; Limburgish: Kirkraoj; German: Kerkrade or Kirchrath) is a town and a municipality in the southeast of Limburg, the southernmost province of the Netherlands. It forms part of the Parkstad Limburg agglomeration.

Kerkrade is the western half of a divided city; until 1795 the city was part of the Austrian Netherlands and from 1795 to 1815 it was part of the French Empire. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna created the current Dutch-German border and divided the town into the Dutch Kerkrade and the Prussian (German) Herzogenrath. This means that the eastern end of Kerkrade marks the international border.

The two towns, including outlying suburban settlements, have a population approaching 100,000, of which nearly 47,000 are in Kerkrade.
Bârzava (Timiș)
The Bârzava or Brzava (Romanian: Bârzava, Serbian: Брзава / Brzava, Hungarian: Berzava, German: Bersau) is a river in Romania and Serbia. The Bârzava is part of the Black Sea drainage basin and flows into the river Timiș (or Tamiš). It is 166 km long and has a drainage area of 1,190 km².

Denta
Denta (Hungarian: Denta; German: Denta; Serbian: Дента, romanized: Denta; Banat Bulgarian: Dénta) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Breștea, Denta (commune seat), Rovinița Mare and Rovinița Mică.
Freemasons' Tavern
The Freemasons' Tavern was established in 1775 at 61–65 Great Queen Street in the West End of London. It served as a meeting place for a variety of notable organisations from the 18th century until it was demolished in 1909 to make way for the Connaught Rooms.

Great Queen Street
Great Queen Street is a street in the West End of central London in England. It is a continuation of Long Acre from Drury Lane to Kingsway. It runs from 1 to 44 along the north side, east to west, and 45 to about 80 along the south side, west to east.  The street straddles and connects the Covent Garden and Holborn districts and is in the London Borough of Camden. It is numbered B402.
Outline of nuclear technology
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nuclear technology:

Nuclear technology involves the reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear power, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. It has found applications from smoke detectors to nuclear reactors, and from gun sights to nuclear weapons.

Nuclear technology
Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei. Among the notable nuclear technologies are nuclear reactors, nuclear medicine and nuclear weapons. It is also used, among other things, in smoke detectors and gun sights.
Konteb
Konteb was one of the 77 woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Hadiya Zone, Konteb was bordered on the south by Soro, on the west by the Omo River which separates it from the Yem special woreda, on the north by the Gurage Zone, and on the east by Limo. Towns in Konteb included Geja, Hamecho, Kose, Morsito and Sera. Konteb was divided for Gibe and Misha woredas.

Gibe (woreda)
Gibe is one of the woredas in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Hadiya Zone, Gibe is bordered on the south by Gomibora, on the west by the Yem Special Woreda, and on the north and east by Misha. Towns in Misha include Homecho. It was part of former Konteb woreda.
Bishop (artillery)
The Bishop, formal designation Ordnance QF 25-pdr on Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, was a British self-propelled gun vehicle based on the Valentine tank and armed with the QF 25-pounder gun-howitzer, which could fire an 87.6 mm (3.45 in) 11.5 kg (25 lb) HE shell or an armour-piercing shell. A result of a rushed attempt to create a self-propelled gun, the vehicle had numerous problems, was produced in limited numbers and was soon replaced by better designs.

Valentine tank
The Tank, Infantry, Mk III, Valentine was an infantry tank produced in the United Kingdom during World War II. More than 8,000 Valentines were produced in eleven marks, plus specialised variants, accounting for about a quarter of wartime British tank production. The variants included riveted and welded construction, petrol and diesel engines and increases in armament. It was supplied in large numbers to the USSR and built under licence in Canada. It was used by the British in the North African campaign. Developed by Vickers, it proved to be strong and reliable.
São Lourenço dos Órgãos, Cape Verde
São Lourenço dos Órgãos is a concelho (municipality) of Cape Verde. It is situated in the mountainous central part of the island of Santiago. Its seat is the city João Teves. Its population was 7,388 at the 2010 census, and its area is 36.9 km2. The municipality is bordered by Santa Cruz to the northeast, São Domingos to the south, Ribeira Grande de Santiago to the southwest and São Salvador do Mundo to the northwest. Pico de Antónia, the island's highest mountain, straddles the borders of São Lourenço dos Órgãos, São Salvador do Mundo and Ribeira Grande de Santiago.

Pico de Antónia
Pico de Antónia is a mountain located in the central part of the island of Santiago in Cape Verde. At 1,394 m (4,573 ft), it is the highest point of the island. The mountain is part of the protected area Parque Natural da Serra do Pico de Antónia. The towns Picos and Assomada lie close to the mountain. The Serra do Pico da Antónia has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area.

The mountain is at the tripoint of the municipalities of  São Salvador do Mundo, São Lourenço dos Órgãos and Ribeira Grande de Santiago. North of the summit is the source of the Ribeira de Pico da Antónia, a source river of the Ribeira Seca.

The Pico da Antónia formation is of volcanic origin, and was formed between 3.3 and 2.3 million years ago during the Piacenzian and the Gelasian periods.