hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Percy Hartill
The Ven. Percy Hartill (10 February 1892 in Willenhall – 2 December 1964 in Newent) was an Anglican priest and author.

Hartill was educated at New College, Oxford and Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was ordained deacon in 1916 and priest in 1917. After a curacy at Christ Church, West Bromwich he was domestic chaplain to the Bishop of Lichfield, and a lecturer at Lichfield Theological College. He was vicar and rural dean of West Bromwich from 1930 to 1935; examining chaplain to the bishop of Lichfield from 1930 to 1955; proctor in Convocation for Diocese of Lichfield from 1931 to 1955; prebendary of Ufton Decani in Lichfield Cathedral from 1935 to 1956; and rector of Stoke Minster and the archdeacon of Stoke-on-Trent from 1935 to 1955. He was also president of the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship from 1939 until his death, and prolocutor of the Lower House of Convocation of Canterbury from 1955 to 1956.

Archdeacon of Stoke
The Archdeacon of Stoke ("Archdeacon of Stoke-upon-Trent" in full and often rendered "Archdeacon of Stoke-on-Trent") is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Church of England Diocese of Lichfield. The archdeaconry was created on 24 July 1877 from the archdeaconry of Stafford.

The Archdeacon, under the supervision of the Bishop of Stafford, is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within the area deaneries: Cheadle, Eccleshall, Leek, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Stafford, Stoke-upon-Trent, Stoke North, Stone (formerly Trentham), Tutbury and Uttoxeter.
French flag model
The French flag model is a conceptual definition of a morphogen, described by Lewis Wolpert in the 1960s. A morphogen is defined as a signaling molecule that acts directly on cells (not through serial induction) to produce specific cellular responses dependent on morphogen concentration. During early development, morphogen gradients generate different cell types in distinct spatial order. French flag patterning is often found in combination with others: vertebrate limb development is one of the many phenotypes exhibiting French flag patterning overlapped with a complementary pattern (in this case Turing pattern).

Morphogen
A morphogen is a substance whose non-uniform distribution governs the pattern of tissue development in the process of morphogenesis or pattern formation, one of the core processes of developmental biology, establishing positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue. More specifically, a morphogen is a signaling molecule that acts directly on cells to produce specific cellular responses depending on its local concentration.

Typically, morphogens are produced by source cells and diffuse through surrounding tissues in an embryo during early development, such that concentration gradients are set up. These gradients drive the process of differentiation of unspecialised stem cells into different cell types, ultimately forming all the tissues and organs of the body. The control of morphogenesis is a central element in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo).
2-Chloropyridine
2-Chloropyridine is an aryl chloride with the formula C5H4ClN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used to generate fungicides and insecticides in industry. It also serves to generate antihistamines and antiarrythymics for pharmaceutical purposes. It is one of three isomers of chloropyridine.

Chloropyridine
Chloropyridines are a group of aryl chlorides consisting of a pyridine ring with chlorine atoms as substituents.

Chloropyridines include:

2-Chloropyridine

3-Chloropyridine

4-Chloropyridine (used for ofornine & besipirdine).

2,6-Dichloropyridine
Kentucky River Museum
The Kentucky River Museum is located in Boonesborough, Kentucky, in Fort Boonesborough State Park.

Established in 2002, the museum occupies the former lock operator's home and storage and maintenance building for Lock 10, one of fourteen locks on the Kentucky River which were originally built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.  The ten uppermost ones (locks 5 through 14) are now operated by the Kentucky River Authority.

Fort Boonesborough State Park
Fort Boonesborough was a frontier fort in Kentucky, founded by Daniel Boone and his men following their crossing of the Kentucky River on April 1, 1775. The settlement they founded, known as Boonesborough, Kentucky, is Kentucky's second oldest European-American settlement. It served as a major frontier outpost during the American Revolutionary War, and survived into the early 19th century before its eventual abandonment. A National Historic Landmark now administered as part of Fort Boonesborough State Park, the site is one of the best-preserved archaeological sites of early westward expansion by British colonists in that period. It is located in Madison County, Kentucky off Kentucky Route 627.
Macarthur Astronomy Forum
Macarthur Astronomy Forum  is a monthly public forum organised by Macarthur Astronomical Society, providing leading national and international professional astronomers with a platform to address the Forum on topics of astronomical interest; also providing members of the Society and the general public with opportunities to learn and ask questions.

The Forums (known as the General Meetings of the Society until the new identity was adopted in February 2011) have been held (admission free) at (and with the support of) the Western Sydney University (Cambelltown Campus), NSW, Australia since the second meeting of the Society in 1996.

The first Macarthur Astronomy Forum was held on 21 February 2011, with a presentation by Professor Fred Watson A.M., Astronomer-In-Charge of the Australian Astronomical Observatory, Siding Springs, NSW, Australia. The talk was entitled: "Poles Apart - The environment near a planet's poles".

The Forums are open to the general public and are held monthly.

Macarthur, New South Wales
Macarthur is a region in the Outer South-West part of the Greater Sydney area, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The region includes the local government areas of the City of Campbelltown, the Camden Council and the Wollondilly Shire. It covers an area of 3,067 square kilometres and has a population of close to 310,000 residents.

The region is bounded at the north by Glenfield; at the south by Yanderra; at the east by the town of Appin; and at the west by the hamlet Nattai.

Most of the population lives within the satellite city of Campbelltown and its surrounding suburbs.

The region is one of the fastest-growing regions in the Sydney metropolitan area, with many new modern suburbs sprouting up in recent decades such as Glen Alpine, Macquarie Links, Harrington Park, Blair Athol, Mount Annan, Currans Hill, Englorie Park, Picton, Oran Park, Gregory Hills, Gledswood Hills, Spring Farm and Catherine Field.
Conscription in Ireland
Military conscription has never applied in Ireland (both Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland). The Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Ireland, and serves as an all-volunteer military. Irish neutrality means Ireland has been neutral in international relations since the 1930s, though it has participated in several United Nations peacekeeping missions.

Conscription Crisis of 1918
The Conscription Crisis of 1918 stemmed from a move by the British government to impose conscription (military draft) in Ireland in April 1918 during the First World War. Vigorous opposition was led by trade unions, Irish nationalist parties and Roman Catholic bishops and priests. A conscription law was passed but was never put in effect; no one in Ireland was drafted into the British Army. The proposal and backlash galvanised support for political parties which advocated Irish separatism and influenced events in the lead-up to the Irish War of Independence.
Bioluminescent bacteria
Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish and in the gut of marine animals. While not as common, bacterial bioluminescence is also found in terrestrial and freshwater bacteria. Bioluminescent bacteria may be free-living (such as Vibrio harveyi) or in symbiosis with animals such as the Hawaiian Bobtail squid (Aliivibrio fischeri) or terrestrial nematodes (Photorhabdus luminescens). The host organisms provide bioluminescent bacteria a safe home and sufficient nutrition. In exchange, the hosts use the light produced by the bacteria for camouflage, prey and/or mate attraction. Bioluminescent bacteria have evolved symbiotic relationships with other organisms in which both participants benefit each other equally. Bacteria also use luminescence reaction for quorum sensing, an ability to regulate gene expression in response to bacterial cell density.

Luciferase
Luciferase is a generic term for the class of oxidative enzymes that produce bioluminescence, and is usually distinguished from a photoprotein. The name was first used by Raphaël Dubois who invented the words luciferin and luciferase, for the substrate and enzyme, respectively. Both words are derived from the Latin word lucifer, meaning "lightbearer", which in turn is derived from the Latin words for "light" (lux) and "to bring or carry" (ferre). Luciferases are widely used in biotechnology, for bioluminescence imaging microscopy and as reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescent proteins. However, unlike fluorescent proteins, luciferases do not require an external light source, but do require addition of luciferin, the consumable substrate.
Asphalt concrete
Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac, bitmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. Asphalt mixtures have been used in pavement construction since the nineteenth century. It consists of mineral aggregate bound together with bitumen (a substance also independently known as asphalt, pitch, or tar), laid in layers, and compacted.

The American English terms asphalt (or asphaltic) concrete, bituminous asphalt concrete, and bituminous mixture are typically used only in engineering and construction documents, which define concrete as any composite material composed of mineral aggregate adhered with a binder. The abbreviation, AC, is sometimes used for asphalt concrete but can also denote asphalt content or asphalt cement, referring to the liquid asphalt portion of the composite material.

Macadam
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to keep dust and stones together. The method simplified what had been considered state-of-the-art at that point.
Sarcomastigophora
The phylum Sarcomastigophora belongs to the Protista or protoctista kingdom and it includes many unicellular or colonial, autotrophic, or heterotrophic organisms. It is characterized by flagella, pseudopodia, or both.

Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.
Royal Wootton Bassett Academy
Royal Wootton Bassett Academy (RWBA) (formerly Wootton Bassett School) is a mixed secondary school and sixth form in the town of Royal Wootton Bassett, Wiltshire, England, for students aged 11 to 18. With over 1,700 pupils, it is one of the largest in Wiltshire.

Royal Wootton Bassett
Royal Wootton Bassett /ˈrɔɪəl ˈwʊtən ˈbæsɪt/, formerly Wootton Bassett, is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, with a population of 13,570 at the 2021 Census. In the north of the county, it lies 6 miles (10 km) to the west of the town of Swindon and 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Calne.

The town was granted royal patronage in March 2011 by Elizabeth II in recognition of its role in the early-21st-century military funeral repatriations, which passed through the town. This honour was officially conferred in a ceremony on 16 October 2011 – the first royal patronage to be conferred upon a town (as distinguished from a borough or county) since 1909.
Pigment Yellow 81
Pigment Yellow 81 is an organic compound that is classified as a diarylide pigment.  It is used as a yellow colorant.

The compound is synthesized from three components. Treatment of 2,4-dimethylaniline with diketene gives an acetoacetylated aniline. This compound is then coupled to the bisdiazonium salt obtained from 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine.

3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a chlorinated aromatic amine derived from benzidine. It is widely used in the production of diarylide yellow pigments used in the production of printing inks. Its use in the production of dyes has been largely discontinued because of concerns about carcinogenicity.
SaberCats Stadium
SaberCats Stadium is a rugby union stadium in Houston, Texas, United States, as part of Houston Sports Park and is the home of the Houston SaberCats of Major League Rugby. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on July 24, 2018. Naming rights for the stadium were initially purchased by British information technology company AVEVA, and it was opened as AVEVA Stadium on April 13, 2019. Following the 2022 season, its name officially changed to "SaberCats Stadium".

It is the first stadium in the league built specifically for use by Major League Rugby, and the second rugby-specific stadium primarily for professional competition in the United States.

Houston SaberCats
The Houston SaberCats were an American professional rugby union team based in Houston, Texas, that competes in Major League Rugby (MLR). The team was founded in 2017. The SaberCats organization was born from one of the founding amateur rugby clubs that pooled resources to emerge professionally, and were the first in MLR membership to build a rugby-specific stadium intended for MLR competition. The team announced on 11 September 2025 that it would not be fielding a team for the 2026 Major League Rugby season.
813 Baumeia
813 Baumeia (prov. designation: A915 WJ or 1915 YR) is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 28 November 1915, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The common S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.5 hours and measures approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter. It was named for H. Baum, a German student of astronomy at Heidelberg who was killed in World War I.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
2022 Saky air base attack
The 2022 Saky air base attack was an event during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, when several large explosions occurred at the Saky airbase in the town of Novofedorivka, Crimea, on 9 August 2022. The military base was seized by Russian forces during the 2014 annexation of Crimea, part of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The explosions destroyed a number of Russian warplanes and caused substantial other damage. Ukrainian authorities tacitly took responsibility at first, until four weeks after the event, when Valerii Zaluzhnyi, Ukraine's military commander, explicitly said that it had been a Ukrainian missile strike.

The Saky airbase was also struck on 21 September 2023.

Novofedorivka
Novofedorivka (Ukrainian: Новофедорівка; Russian: Новофёдоровка, romanized: Novofyodorovka; Crimean Tatar: Novofödorovka) is an urban-type settlement in Crimea.

It is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the regional centre of Saky, and about 70 kilometres (43 mi) north of Sevastopol.

Population: 5,610 (2014 Census).
Islamic views on sin
In Islam, sin (dhanb) is an action violating the laws of God (sharīʿah) and an important subject in Islamic ethics.

The Quran describes sins throughout the texts. Some sins are more grievious than others. Therefore, Muslim scholars (ʿulamāʾ) – theologians and jurists – distinguish between lesser sins (al-Sagha'ir) and greater sins (al-kabīrah). The latter refers to unequivocal actions against God's law, and for which punishment is ordained. Sources differ which sin belongs to which category.

An-Nisa
An-Nisa' (Arabic: ٱلنِّسَاء, An-Nisāʾ; meaning: The Women) is the fourth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 176 verses (āyāt). The title derives from the references to women throughout the chapter, including verse 34 and verses 4:127-130.

In the timing and contextual background of the surah in tradition, it is thought to have been revealed around the fourth year of the Hijrah, although some verses may have come from other times.  This would make it a Medinan surah, which came after the flight to Medina.
Air Creebec
Air Creebec Inc. is a Cree-owned regional airline based in Val-d'Or, Quebec, Canada. It operates scheduled and charter services to 16 destinations in Quebec and Ontario. Its main base is Val-d'Or Airport, with a hub at Timmins Victor M. Power Airport.

As part of its charter operations, the airline operates a medical charter service in conjunction with the Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay to provide access to medical specialists and services in the South to Quebec Cree.

Val-d'Or
Val-d'Or (/ˈvældɔːr/ VAL-dor, French: [val dɔʁ], locally [val dɑɔ̯ʁ]; meaning "Golden Valley" or "Valley of Gold") is a city in Quebec, Canada with a population of 32,752 inhabitants according to the 2021 Canadian census. The city is located in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region near La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve.

The Algonquin toponym of the town is Ozawaconia Odena.
Sakai clan
The Sakai clan (Japanese: 酒井氏／坂井氏, Hepburn: Sakai-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.kai(.ɕi)]) was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of the Minamoto clan, who were in turn descendants of Emperor Seiwa. Serata (Nitta) Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai clan and the Matsudaira clan, which the Sakai later served. In the Sengoku period, under Tokugawa Ieyasu (who was the head of what was formerly the main Matsudaira family line), the Sakai became chief retainers. In the Edo period, because of their longstanding service to the Tokugawa clan, the Sakai were classified as a fudai family, in contrast with the tozama ("outsider clans").

Himeji Domain
Himeji Domain (姫路藩, Himeji-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Harima Province in what is now the southern portion of modern-day Hyōgo Prefecture. It was centered around Himeji Castle, which is located in what is now the city of Himeji, Hyōgo.
Guáimaro Constitution
The Guáimaro Constitution was the governing document for the República de Cuba en Armas written by the idealistic and politically liberal faction (the Constituent Assembly of 1869) in the insurgency that contested Spanish colonial rule in Cuba and imposed on Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, the conservative who claimed leadership of the independence movement.

It was nominally in effect from 1869 to 1878 during the Ten Years' War against Spain, the first of a series of conflicts that led to Cuban independence in 1898.

The constitutional assembly abolished slavery, approved a motion for annexation of Cuba by the United States, and established a separation of powers.

Ten Years' War
The Ten Years' War (Spanish: Guerra de los Diez Años; 1868–1878), also known as the Great War (Guerra Grande) and the War of '68, was part of Cuba's fight for independence from Spain. The uprising was led by Cuban-born planters and other wealthy natives. On 10 October 1868, sugar mill owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and his followers proclaimed independence, beginning the conflict. This was the first of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Little War (1879–1880) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898). The final three months of the last conflict escalated with United States involvement, leading to the Spanish–American War.
Takalo
The takalo is a Niuean war dance. Performed by an individual warrior or group of warriors, the dance is a formal challenge, and was traditionally performed prior to engaging the enemy with traditional war clubs.

In modern times, the takalo is often performed prior to a rugby game or winning a game of some sport code.  The takalo is also performed to welcome dignitaries upon arrival into Niue, and signifies that the dignitaries' arrival is for the purpose of peace and harmony.

War dance
A war dance is a dance involving mock combat, usually in reference to tribal warrior societies where such dances were performed as a ritual connected with endemic warfare.  
Martial arts in various cultures can be performed in dance-like settings for various reasons, such as for evoking ferocity in preparation for battle or showing off skill in a more stylized manner. It could also be for celebration of valor and conquest. Many such martial arts incorporate music, especially strong percussive rhythms.

War dances can overlap with sword dances and other forms of weapon dance, utilizing weapons or replications as part of the artistic performance.

Egyptian Tahtib

Papuan war dance from Yapen, Papua

Capoeira is a martial art traditionally performed with a dance-like flavor and to live musical accompaniment, as seen depicted here.
Viguzzolo
Viguzzolo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Alessandria. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,964 and an area of 18.3 square kilometres (7.1 sq mi).

Viguzzolo borders the following municipalities: Berzano di Tortona, Casalnoceto, Castellar Guidobono, Pontecurone, Sarezzano, Tortona, and Volpeglino.

Volpeglino
Volpeglino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Alessandria.

Volpeglino borders the following municipalities: Berzano di Tortona, Casalnoceto, Castellar Guidobono, Monleale, Viguzzolo, and Volpedo.
Wilson Collison
Wilson Collison (November 5, 1893 – May 25, 1941) was an American writer and playwright. He started with farces.

His play Red Dust (1928) was adapted twice for feature films: the first released in 1932 under the same title, and a 1953 version titled Mogambo. Two novels also received second lives in film adaptations.

The Red-Haired Alibi
The Red-Haired Alibi is an American pre-Code feature-length film produced by Tower Productions. The film was produced by Sigmund Neufeld. The title is often written as Red-Haired Alibi.

Released on October 15, 1932, it was directed by Christy Cabanne. The movie was based on a novel of the same name written by Wilson Collison. It is the first feature-length film to feature child actress Shirley Temple in the credits.
Qingyun County
Qingyun County (simplified Chinese: 庆云县; traditional Chinese: 慶雲縣; pinyin: Qìngyún Xiàn) is a county of north-northwest Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei province to the north. It is the northernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Dezhou.

The population was 289,986 in 1999.

Dezhou
Dezhou (Chinese: 德州; pinyin: Dézhōu) is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Liaocheng to the southwest, Binzhou to the northeast, and the province of Hebei to the north.