hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wiggers diagram
A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid:

Blood pressure
Aortic pressure
Ventricular pressure
Atrial pressure

Ventricular volume

Electrocardiogram

Arterial flow (optional)

Heart sounds (optional)

The Wiggers diagram clearly illustrates the coordinated variation of these values as the heart beats, assisting one in understanding the entire cardiac cycle.

Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).

In a four-chambered heart, such as that in humans, there are two ventricles that operate in a double circulatory system: the right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.
Literature (card game)
Literature is a card game for 6 or 8 players in two teams using a shortened version of the standard 52-card pack. The game is sometimes called Fish or Canadian Fish, after the similar Go Fish, or Russian Fish. It is played in southern India and in parts of North America.

Go Fish
Go Fish or Fish is a card game for approximately two to five players, often played by children. It might be similar to a game called Andare e piscere which was current in Italy at the end of the 15th Century, of which no contemporary description survives.
Eiludd Powys
Eiludd Powys was an early 7th-century King of Powys.

He is likely to have been the son or younger brother of Selyf "Sarffgadau" ap Cynan Garwyn. It is not known which he was as there are two accounts: one in Jesus College, Oxford MS 20 that makes him the son of Selyf and brother of Manwgan, whereas the one in British Library Harley MS 3859 makes him the brother of Selyf Sarffgadau. Either is plausible, as it is not unheard of that a brother succeeds in absence of a mature heir (see Rhuddfedel Frych), or that the eldest is passed over in the succession (see Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and Dafydd ap Llywelyn). There is an interesting reference to the descendants of Selyf, serpents of battle, by the 12th-century Powysian court poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr, who, after the dynasty's fall, went to work for the kingdom of Gwynedd and then that of Powys Wenwynwyn.

Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈpowɪs]; Latin: Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. It very roughly covered the northern two-thirds of the modern county of Powys and part of today's English West Midlands (see map). More precisely, and based on the Romano-British tribal lands of the Ordovices in the west and the Cornovii in the east, its boundaries originally extended from the Cambrian Mountains in the west to include the modern West Midlands region of England in the east. The fertile river valleys of the Severn and Tern are found there, and this region is referred to in later Welsh literature as "the Paradise of Powys" (an epithet retained in Welsh for the modern UK county).
The Wainwright Sisters
The Wainwright Sisters are a singer-songwriter duo featuring the Canadian-American Martha Wainwright and her American half-sister Lucy Wainwright Roche. In November 2015 they released the album Songs in the Dark, which includes a number of lullabies.

Lucy Wainwright Roche
Lucy Wainwright Roche (born December 16, 1981) is an American singer-songwriter. Preceded by two EPs, 8 Songs and 8 More, Roche released her debut album, Lucy in October 2010. In 2013, she starred as Jeri in the Stuff You Should Know television show.
Bolton and Leigh Railway
The Bolton and Leigh Railway (B&LR) was the first public railway in Lancashire. It opened for goods on 1 August 1828, and thus preceded the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) by two years. Passengers were carried from 1831. The railway operated independently until 1845 when it became part of the Grand Junction Railway.

Crook and Dean
Crook and Dean of Little Bolton, England, was an engineering company established around 1821. The partners were John Crook and William Dean (c.1798-1840) who should not be confused with the better-known William Dean (1840-1905).

Pigot and Co.'s National Commercial Directory for 1828-9 described the company as: "Iron and brass founders, manufacturers of steam engines, hydraulic presses, weighing and mill machines, gas light apparatus, sugar mills and constructors of fire proof buildings".

In 1831, the company built the steam locomotives Salamander and Veteran for the Bolton and Leigh Railway. There may have been a third locomotive, Phoenix.

William Dean died on 12 July 1840 and the fate of the company is unknown.
Gisle Johnson (Scouting)
Dr. Gisle Johnson (January 18, 1934 – November 19, 2014) was Chief Scout of the Norges Speiderforbund from 1982 to 1986, and served on the European Scout Committee from 1977 to 1983, as the Chairman the last three years.

In 1985, Johnson was awarded the 178th Bronze Wolf, the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. He was also the 71st recipient of the Silver Wolf, Norway's highest Scout award, in 1977.

Norwegian Guide and Scout Association
The Norwegian Guide and Scout Association (Norwegian: Norges Speiderforbund, NSF) is a Norwegian Scouting and Guiding association founded in its present form in 1978, when the Norwegian Boy Scout Organization (founded in 1911 and among the charter members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922) and the Norwegian Girl Guide Organization (founded in 1921 and an early member of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts) merged.

NSF is a member of Speiderne i Norge, the national Scouting and Guiding federation of Norway. NSF is also a member of WOSM and WAGGGS.
Vikna Wind Farm
Vikna Wind Farm (Norwegian: Vikna vindmøllepark) was a wind farm located on Husfjellet, just west of the village of Garstad on the island Mellom-Vikna in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The wind farm consisted of five wind turbines, with an installed capacity of 2.2 megawatts (3,000 hp) (calculated as 3 x 0.4 MW + 2 x 0.5 MW), with an average annual production of 5.8 gigawatt-hours (21 TJ). The wind farm began operation in 1991 and was owned by Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk. It was decommissioned in 2015.

Garstad
Garstad is a village in Nærøysund Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the island of Mellom-Vikna, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the municipal centre, Rørvik. Garstad Church is located in this village. Just to the west of the village lies the Vikna Wind Farm.
Belgorod Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Russian: Белгоро́дская о́бласть, romanized: Belgorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. As of 2021, the population is 1,540,486.

Kursk Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Russian: Курская область, romanized: Kurskaya oblastʹ, IPA: [ˈkurskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ]) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. As of the 2021 census, Kursk Oblast had a population of 1,082,458.
Johan Björnsson Printz
Johan Björnsson Printz (July 20, 1592 – May 3, 1663) was a Swedish military officer and official. He served as the 3rd governor of New Sweden, the Swedish colony in North America, from 1643 until 1653.

Tinicum Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Tinicum Township, also known as Tinicum Island or The Island, is a township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,091 at the 2010 census, down from 4,353 at the 2000 census. Included within the township's boundaries are the communities of Essington and Lester.

John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge at Tinicum is located in the township and attracts visitors year-round. Philadelphia International Airport's international terminal, the western end of the airfield, and runways 9L/27R and 9R/27L are also located in the township.
Patera clarki nantahala
Patera clarki nantahala, the noonday globe, is a subspecies of Patera clarki, a land snail in the family Polygyridae. It is endemic to North Carolina in the United States.

The name nantahala is a Cherokee word which means noonday. This subspecies was given this name because the snail lives in a deep gorge where the sunshine does not reach the ground until the middle of the day.

Patera clarki
Patera clarki, the dwarf proud globe, is a species of land snail in the family Polygyridae. It is native to the southeastern United States, where it occurs in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The subspecies nantahala is a federally listed threatened taxon endemic to Swain County, North Carolina.
Period 6 element
A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements, including the lanthanides. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The sixth period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 7, beginning with caesium and ending with radon. Lead is currently the last stable element; all subsequent elements are radioactive. For bismuth, however, its only primordial isotope, 209Bi, has a half-life of more than 1019 years, over a billion times longer than the current age of the universe. As a rule, period 6 elements fill their 6s shells first, then their 4f, 5d, and 6p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as gold.

Block (periodic table)
A block of the periodic table is a set of elements unified by the atomic orbitals their valence electrons or vacancies lie in. The term seems to have been first used by Charles Janet. Each block is named after its characteristic orbital: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block and g-block.

The block names (s, p, d, and f) are derived from the spectroscopic notation for the value of an electron's azimuthal quantum number: sharp (0), principal (1), diffuse (2), and fundamental (3). Succeeding notations proceed in alphabetical order, as g, h, etc., though elements that would belong in such blocks have not yet been found.
Major League Soccer defunct clubs
Since its creation in 1996, Major League Soccer, the highest level of professional soccer in the United States, has had three clubs cease operations—the Tampa Bay Mutiny, the Miami Fusion, and Chivas USA. The two Florida-based clubs ceased playing after the 2001 season as a result of the league's financial situation, and Chivas USA folded after the 2014 season with plans to rebrand and move to a stadium in downtown Los Angeles. All three situations involved league ownership of the clubs and executive decisions to maintain the viability and competitiveness of the league.

Miami Fusion
Miami Fusion F.C. was an American professional soccer club based in the Miami metropolitan area. The club competed in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. The team played from 1998 to 2001. Announced in 1997 as one of the league's first two expansion teams, their best season was 2001, when they won the Supporters' Shield with the best regular season finish. In 2002, after four years of lackluster ticket sales and revenues, MLS contracted the Fusion along with its other Florida-based team, the Tampa Bay Mutiny. The Fusion played their home games at Lockhart Stadium.
Castelverde
Castelverde (Lombard: Castegnìn) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Milan and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Castelverde borders the following municipalities: Casalbuttano ed Uniti, Cremona, Olmeneta, Paderno Ponchielli, Persico Dosimo, Pozzaglio ed Uniti, Sesto ed Uniti.

Persico Dosimo
Persico Dosimo (Cremunés: Pérsec Dóseem) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Milan and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) northeast of Cremona.

Persico Dosimo borders the following municipalities: Castelverde, Corte de' Frati, Cremona, Gadesco-Pieve Delmona, Grontardo, Pozzaglio ed Uniti.

Among the local churches are:

San Lorenzo, Quistro

Santi Cosma e Damiano, Persico

San Giovanni Battista Decollato, Dosimo
Pogoń Szczecin
Pogoń Szczecin Spółka Akcyjna (lit. 'Pogoń Szczecin Joint Stock Company'), commonly referred to as Pogoń Szczecin (Polish pronunciation: [ˌɛmkaˈɛs ˌpɔɡɔj̃ ˈʂtʂɛtɕin]), is a Polish professional football club based in Szczecin, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, which plays in the Ekstraklasa.

2009–10 Polish Cup
The 2009–10 Polish Cup was the fifty-sixth season of the annual Polish cup competition. It began on July 29, 2009 with the extra preliminary round and ended on May 21, 2010 with the final, played at neutral venue. The winners qualified for the third qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. Lech Poznań were the defending champions.
Teruhisa Komatsu
Marquis Teruhisa Komatsu (小松 輝久, Komatsu Teruhisa; 12 August 1888 – 15 November 1970) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II.

Born as HIH Kitashirakawa-no-miya Teruhisa, as the younger son of HIH Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, his title was devolved from royal status that that of the kazoku peerage in 1910 in order to preserve the Komatsu family line, which had become extinct with the death of Prince Komatsu Akihito in 1908.

Prince Komatsu Akihito
Akihito, Prince Komatsu (小松宮彰仁親王, Komatsu-no-miya Akihito shinnō; February 11, 1846 – February 18, 1903) was a Japanese career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army, who was a member of the Fushimi-no-miya, one of the shinnōke branches of the Imperial Family of Japan, which were eligible to succeed to the Chrysanthemum Throne.
2003 AIHL season
The 2003 AIHL season was the fourth season of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). It ran from 3 May 2003 until 29 August 2003, with the Goodall Cup finals following on 6 and 7 September 2003. The Adelaide Avalanche won the Premiership after finishing the regular season first in the league standings. The Newcastle North Stars won the Goodall Cup for the first time by defeating the Western Sydney Ice Dogs in the final.

Sydney Ice Dogs
The Sydney Ice Dogs (formally Western Sydney Ice Dogs) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Sydney. Formed in 2002, the Ice Dogs are a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The Ice Dogs are two time Goodall Cup champions.
Affirmative action in the United States
In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration to groups considered or classified as historically excluded, specifically racial minorities and women. These programs tend to focus on access to education and employment in order to redress the disadvantages associated with past and present discrimination. Another goal of affirmative action policies is to ensure that public institutions, such as universities, hospitals, and police forces, are more representative of the populations they serve.

As of 2024, affirmative action rhetoric has been increasingly replaced by emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion and nine states explicitly ban its use in the employment process.  The Supreme Court in 2023 explicitly rejected race-based affirmative action in college admissions in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard.

Fisher v. University of Texas (2016)
Fisher v. University of Texas, 579 U.S. 365 (2016), also known as Fisher II (to distinguish it from the 2013 case), is a United States Supreme Court case that held that the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit had correctly found that the University of Texas at Austin's undergraduate admissions policy survived strict scrutiny, in accordance with Fisher v. University of Texas (2013), which ruled that strict scrutiny should be applied to determine the constitutionality of the University's race-conscious admissions policy.

The decision was overturned by Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023) seven years later.
Evander of Pallantium
In Roman mythology, Evander (from Greek Εὔανδρος meaning "good man" or "strong man": an etymology used by poets to emphasize the hero's virtue) was a culture hero from Arcadia, Greece, who was said to have brought the pantheon, laws, and alphabet of Greece to ancient Italy, where he founded the city of Pallantium on the future site of Palatine Hill, Rome, sixty years before the Trojan War. He instituted the festival of the Lupercalia. Evander was deified after his death and an altar was constructed to him on the Aventine Hill.

In addition, Strabo mentions a story that Rome was an Arcadian colony founded by Evander.

Hercules
Hercules (/ˈhɜːrkjʊˌliːz/, US: /-kjə-/) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures.

The Romans adapted the Greek hero's iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name Hercules. In later Western art and literature and in popular culture, Hercules is more commonly used than Heracles as the name of the hero. Hercules is a multifaceted figure with contradictory characteristics, which enabled later artists and writers to pick and choose how to represent him.
U.S. Route 70A (Tennessee)
U.S. Route 70 Alternate (US 70A) is a 61.7-mile-long (99.3 km) alternate route to US 70 between Brownsville, and Huntingdon in West Tennessee. Signage along this route, and on most maps, show it as US 70A and not US 70 Alternate.

Tennessee State Route 5
State Route 5 (SR 5) is a 120-mile-long (190 km) north–south state highway in the western part of the U.S. state of Tennessee. Except for the section northwest of Union City, it is entirely concurrent with U.S. Route 45 (US 45) and US 45W.
Robert E. Kelley
Robert E. Kelley (November 3, 1933 – February 5, 2021) was a United States Air Force lieutenant general, the ninth Superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy.  He retired as a lieutenant general on September 1, 1986.

Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is a military decoration of the United States Armed Forces. The medal was established on July 2, 1926, and is awarded to those who, after April 6, 1917, have distinguished themselves by single acts of heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight. Both heroism and extraordinary achievement are entirely distinctive, involving operations that are not routine. The medal may be awarded to friendly foreign military members in ranks equivalent to the U.S. paygrade of O-6 and below in combat or support operations.
London Borough of Lewisham
Lewisham (/ˈluːɪʃəm/ ⓘ LOO-ish-əm) is a London borough in south-east London, England. It forms part of Inner London. The principal settlement of the borough is Lewisham. The local authority is Lewisham London Borough Council, based in Catford. The Prime Meridian passes through Lewisham. Blackheath, Goldsmiths, University of London and Millwall F.C. are located within the borough.

Metropolitan Borough of Deptford
The Metropolitan Borough of Deptford was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965, when it became part of the London Borough of Lewisham along with the Metropolitan Borough of Lewisham.
Merivale, Christchurch
Merivale is a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, north of the city centre. Like all suburbs in Christchurch, it has no defined boundaries and is a general area, but for the purposes of statistical analysis only, Statistics New Zealand defines it as being Heaton Street to the north, Papanui Road to the east, Harper and Bealey Avenues to the south and Rossall Street to the west, although Real Estate advertising often will claim residences outside this area, especially St Albans to the east of Papanui Road, as being Merivale due to the perceived desirability of the area. The area directly west of Rossall Street, which is called Holmwood by Statistics New Zealand, is sometimes considered part of Merivale.

The area is predominantly residential.

St Albans, New Zealand
St Albans is a large, inner-northern suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, located directly north of the Christchurch Central Business District. It is the second largest suburb in the city by population (behind Halswell), with a population of 13,137 at the 2018 Census. The suburb falls within the Christchurch Central electorate and is represented by Duncan Webb, who has been the member of parliament since the 2017 general election.

Its population largely consists of European New Zealanders. St Albans contains two primary schools and three recreational parks. The suburb is one of the most diverse residential neighbourhoods in Christchurch, with a wide range of densities, architectural styles and housing ages throughout the suburb. It includes rundown high-density council-owned flats, modern luxurious high-density flats and apartments, old mid-density workers’ cottages, and large low-density estates of various ages.
Bepin Behari Ganguly Street
Bepin Behari Ganguly Street, or B.B. Ganguly Street, formerly known as Bow Bazar Street or Bowbazar Street, is an east-west road in Central Kolkata, capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. It passes through Bowbazar area and connects Baithakkhana Market (Sealdah) and Sealdah Station with Bentinck Street/Rabindra Sarani crossing (Lalbazar) via Amherst Street crossing, Nirmal Chandra Street/College Street crossing and Central Avenue crossing. West of Bentinck Street crossing, B.B. Ganguly Street becomes Lalbazar Street. This road's name is a tribute for Bepin Behari Ganguly, a famous freedom-fighter and politician of India.

Chittaranjan Avenue, Kolkata
Chittaranjan Avenue, commonly C.R. Avenue (Formerly known as Central Avenue) is a principal north-south thoroughfare in Central-North Kolkata. It starts from Beadon Street (Dani Ghosh Sarani/Abhedananda Road) crossing (Girish Park) in the north and ends at Chowringhee Road-Bentinck Street Junction (Esplanade) in the south. The road is renamed after Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, a nationalist politician and freedom-fighter of India. North of Beadon Street crossing, Central Avenue becomes Jatindra Mohan Avenue.