hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Argyll House
Argyll House was a historic residence in London just south of Oxford Street on the present-day Argyll Street. It was originally the London townhouse of the Dukes of Argyll, a prominent Scottish family, before later passing into the hands of the nineteenth century politician Lord Aberdeen after considerable redevelopment. Aberdeen died at Argyll House in 1860, and the house was demolished a few years later.

Argyll Street
Argyll Street is a street in the Soho district of Central London. It links Great Marlborough Street to the south to Oxford Street in the north and is connected to Regent Street to the west by Little Argyll Street. Historically it was sometimes written as Argyle Street.
Truro School
Truro School is a coeducational private boarding and day school located in the city of Truro, Cornwall, England. It is the largest coeducational independent school in Cornwall with over 1050 pupils, including 240 from Truro Prep, and the sixth form. It is a member school of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference
The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), formerly known as the Headmasters' Conference and now branded HMC (The Heads' Conference), is an association of the head teachers of 351 private fee-charging schools (both boarding schools and day schools), traditionally described as public schools. 302 members are based in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and Ireland. There are 72 international members (mostly from the Commonwealth) and also 28 associate or affiliate members who are head teachers of state schools or other influential individuals in the world of education, who endorse and support the work of HMC.
Espérance, French Guiana
Espérance (French pronunciation: [ɛspeʁɑ̃s] ⓘ; Kalina: Wilamila) is a village of Kalina Amerindians in the commune of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. The village is located about 12 kilometres south of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni on the road to Saint-Jean-du-Maroni.

Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ loʁɑ̃ dy maʁɔni], lit. 'Saint-Laurent of the Maroni'; French Guianese Creole: Sen-Laurent-di-Maronni) is a commune of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni is one of the three sub-prefectures of French Guiana and the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. It is the second most populous city of French Guiana, with 54,429 inhabitants at the January 2023 census.

Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni was the site of a penal colony from 1858 to 1946. In 2025 France announced a plan to open a new high-security prison there.
John Harris Jr. (settler)
John Harris Jr. (October 22, 1727 – July 29, 1791), was an American frontiersman and politician who operated a ferry along the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and was later instrumental in the founding and growth of the city and support of the State through wartime. Harris was the son of John Harris Sr., who is considered the first settler to establish a trading post along the Susquehanna River at what would later become the state capital of Pennsylvania. Harris Jr. served in the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1776 to 1782.

John Harris Sr.
John Harris Sr. (1673 – December 1748) was an early American businessman who emigrated from Britain to the Thirteen Colonies late in the 17th century. Harris would later settle along the Susquehanna River and establish a ferry there. This ferry would eventually develop into Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, which was named in his honor.
Enabling Act of 1933
The Enabling Act of 1933 (German: Ermächtigungsgesetz, officially titled Gesetz zur Behebung der Not von Volk und Reich lit. 'Law to Remedy the Distress of People and Reich') was a law that gave the German Cabinet—most importantly, the chancellor, Adolf Hitler—the power to make and enforce laws without the involvement of the Reichstag or President Paul von Hindenburg. By allowing the chancellor to override the checks and balances in the constitution, the Enabling Act of 1933 was a pivotal step in the transition from the democratic Weimar Republic to the totalitarian dictatorship of Nazi Germany.

Hitler cabinet
The Hitler cabinet was the government of Nazi Germany between 30 January 1933 and 30 April 1945 upon the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg. It was contrived by the national conservative politician Franz von Papen, who reserved the office of the Vice-Chancellor for himself. Originally, Hitler's first cabinet was called the Reich Cabinet of National Salvation (German: Reichskabinett der nationalen Rettung), which was a coalition of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the national conservative German National People's Party (DNVP). The Hitler cabinet lasted until his suicide during the defeat of Nazi Germany. Hitler's cabinet was succeeded by the short-lived Goebbels cabinet, with Karl Dönitz appointed by Hitler as the new Reichspräsident.
Møysalen
Møysalen is a mountain in Nordland county, Norway. It is located on the border of Sortland Municipality and Lødingen Municipality. At 1,262 metres (4,140 ft) tall, it is the highest mountain on the island of Hinnøya and the second highest mountain on any island in Norway. The mountain is located within Møysalen National Park, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) straight east of the villages of Hennes and Kaldjorda in Hadsel Municipality.

Lødingen Municipality
Lødingen (Northern Sami: Lodegak) is a municipality in Nordland county in Norway. Lødingen is located on the southeastern corner of the island of Hinnøya, and is part of the traditional district of Ofoten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Lødingen. Other villages in the municipality include Våge and Ytterstad. Lødingen has the nickname "Biketown" because it hosts several annual bicycle races, including "Lofoten Insomnia" and Vestbygd-rittet.

The 527-square-kilometre (203 sq mi) municipality is by area the 201st largest out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Lødingen Municipality is the 279th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,060. The municipality's population density is 3.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (10/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 8.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Melville (federal electoral district)
Melville was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1968. This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Saltcoats riding.

It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Regina East and Yorkton—Melville ridings.

Regina East
Regina East was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1968 to 1988. This riding was created in 1966 from parts of Humboldt—Melfort, Melville, Moose Jaw—Lake Centre, QuAppelle, Regina City and Yorkton ridings.

It was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed into Regina—Qu'Appelle and Regina—Wascana ridings.
GC Motorsports International
GC Motorsports International (formerly Go Canada Racing) was a NASCAR racing team based in Ontario, Canada, owned by Canadian businessman Steve Meehan.

Meehan founded GCMI in the spring of 2011, the result of his desire to bring together his interest in racing with his talent for business. The team was formed when Meehan bought the No. 27 NASCAR Nationwide Series team that had previously competed under both the names Brewco Motorsports and Baker Curb Racing.

In 2012, GC Motorsports International partnered with Dave Jacombs Racing to launch a two-car effort in the NASCAR Canadian Tire Series and form a subsidiary team GC Motorsports Canada.

Curb Racing
Curb Racing is a former NASCAR team competing mainly in the Sprint Cup Series and Xfinity Series from 1984 to 2011. The team was owned by Mike Curb, CEO of Curb Records and 45th Lieutenant Governor of California. Curb also had numerous business partners affiliated with his NASCAR operations, including Gary Baker, Cary Agajanian, John Andretti, and Donald Laird. The team fielded cars for several notable NASCAR drivers, including Richard Petty, Dale Jarrett, Jimmie Johnson, and Greg Biffle.

The team was active in the Cup Series from 1984 to 1988, in the Busch/Nationwide Series from 1996 to 2011, and fielded entries in the Truck Series in 2004.
Arzamassky District
Arzamassky District (Russian: Арзама́сский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the forty in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Arzamassky Municipal District. It is located in the southern central part of the oblast. The area of the district is 2,016.9 square kilometers (778.7 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Arzamas (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 43,723 (2010 Census);  46,086 (2002 Census); 54,491 (1989 Soviet census).

Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Russian: Нижегородская область, romanized: Nizhegorodskaya oblastʹ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. It has a population of 3,119,115 as of the 2021 Census. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky Oblast (Russian: Горьковская область).

The oblast is crossed by the Volga River. Apart from Nizhny Novgorod's metropolitan area (including Dzerzhinsk, Bor and Kstovo) the biggest city is Arzamas. Near the town of Sarov there is the Serafimo-Diveyevsky Monastery, one of the largest convents in Russia, established by Saint Seraphim of Sarov. The Makaryev Monastery opposite of the town of Lyskovo used to be the location of the largest fair in Eastern Europe. Other historic towns include Gorodets and Balakhna, located on the Volga to the north from Nizhny Novgorod.
Dent railway station
Dent is a railway station on the Settle and Carlisle Line, which runs between Carlisle and Leeds via Settle. The station, situated 58 miles 29 chains (93.9 km) north-west of Leeds, serves the villages of Cowgill and Dent, in Cumbria, England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by Northern Trains. It is the highest operational main line station in England.

Dent, Cumbria
Dent is a village and civil parish in Cumbria, England, within the historic boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It lies in Dentdale, a narrow valley on the western slopes of the Pennines within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, 4 miles (6 km) south east of Sedbergh and 8 miles (13 km) north east of Kirkby Lonsdale. At the 2011 census, Dent and Middleton had a total population of 785.
Te Karaka
Te Karaka is a small settlement inland from Gisborne, in the northeast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located in the valley of the Waipaoa River close to its junction with its tributary, the Waihora River. Te Karaka is located on State Highway 2, and is the largest settlement between Gisborne and Ōpōtiki in the Bay of Plenty.

Te Karaka holds the current North Island weather high record, set on 3 February 2020, at 40 °C recorded at 4 pm that day.

Gisborne, New Zealand
Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,100 (June 2025). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city.
August 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 19

All fixed commemorations below are observed on August 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 18, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 5.

August 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
August 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - August 20

All fixed commemorations below are observed on September 1 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For August 19, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on August 6.
Messaging Layer Security
Messaging Layer Security (MLS) is a security layer for end-to-end encrypted messages. It is maintained by the MLS working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and is designed to provide an efficient and practical security mechanism for groups as large as 50,000 and for those who access chat systems from multiple devices.

Wire (software)
Wire is an encrypted communication and collaboration app created by Wire Swiss. It is available for iOS, Android, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web browsers such as Firefox. Wire offers a collaboration suite featuring messenger, voice calls, video calls, conference calls, file-sharing, and external collaboration – all protected by a secure end-to-end-encryption. Wire offers three options, built on its security technology: Wire Pro – which offers Wire's collaboration feature for businesses, Wire Enterprise – which includes Wire Pro capabilities with added features for large-scale or regulated organizations, and Wire Red – an on-demand crisis collaboration suite. They also offer Wire Personal, a secure messaging app for personal use.
Miami people
The Miami (Miami–Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking the Miami–Illinois language, one of the Algonquian languages. Among the peoples known as the Great Lakes tribes, they occupied territory that is now identified as north-central Indiana, southwest Michigan, and western Ohio. The Miami were historically made up of several prominent subgroups, including the Piankeshaw, Wea, Pepikokia, Kilatika, Mengakonkia, and Atchakangouen. In modern times, Miami is used more specifically to refer to the Atchakangouen. By 1846, most of the Miami had been forcefully displaced to Indian Territory (initially to what is now Kansas, and later to what is now part of Oklahoma). The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma are the federally recognized tribe of Miami Indians in the United States. The Miami Nation of Indiana, a nonprofit organization of self-identified descendants of Miamis who were exempted from removal, have unsuccessfully sought separate recognition.

Maumee River
The Maumee River (pronounced /mɔːˈmiː/) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiwi) is a river running in the Midwestern United States from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie. It is formed at the confluence of the St. Joseph and St. Marys rivers, where Fort Wayne, Indiana, has developed, and meanders northeastwardly for 137 miles (220 km) through an agricultural region of glacial moraines before flowing into the Maumee Bay of Lake Erie. The city of Toledo is located at the mouth of the Maumee. The Maumee was designated an Ohio State Scenic River on July 18, 1974. The Maumee watershed is Ohio's breadbasket; it is two-thirds farmland, mostly corn and soybeans. It is the largest watershed of any of the rivers feeding the Great Lakes, and supplies five percent of Lake Erie's water.
Meshir 19
Meshir 18 – Coptic calendar – Meshir 20

The nineteenth day of the Coptic month of Meshir, the sixth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to February 13, of the Julian calendar, and February 26, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Meshir 20
Meshir 19 – Coptic calendar – Meshir 21

The twentieth day of the Coptic month of Meshir, the sixth month of the Coptic year. In common years, this day corresponds to February 14, of the Julian calendar, and February 27, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
Zeya, Russia
Zeya (Russian: Зе́я) is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located on the Zeya River (a tributary of the Amur) 230 kilometers (140 mi) southeast of Tynda and 532 kilometers (331 mi) north of Blagoveshchensk.

Tynda
Tynda (Russian: Ты́нда) is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located 568 kilometers (353 mi) northwest of Blagoveshchensk. It is an important railway junction, informally referred to as the capital of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. Its population has declined sharply in recent years:  36,275 (2010 census); 40,094 (2002 census); 61,996 (1989 Soviet census).
Germantown Township, Pennsylvania
Germantown Township, also known as German Township, was a township that was located in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, United States. The municipality ceased to exist and was incorporated into the City of Philadelphia following the passage of the Act of Consolidation, 1854.

Act of Consolidation, 1854
The Act of Consolidation, more formally known as the act of February 2, 1854 (P.L. 21, No. 16), is legislation of the Pennsylvania General Assembly that created the consolidated City and County of Philadelphia, expanding the city's territory to the entirety of Philadelphia County and dissolving the other municipal authorities in the county.

The law was enacted by the General Assembly and approved February 2, 1854, by Governor William Bigler. This act consolidated all remaining townships, districts, and boroughs within the County of Philadelphia, dissolving their governmental structures and bringing all municipal authority within the county under the auspices of the Philadelphia government. Additionally, any unincorporated areas were included in the consolidation.  The consolidation was drafted to help combat lawlessness that the many local governments could not handle separately and to bring in much-needed tax revenue for the State.
Justin Tatum
Justin Tatum (born March 10, 1979) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for the Illawarra Hawks of the Australian National Basketball League (NBL). He played college basketball for the Saint Louis Billikens between 1998 and 2001 before having a two-year playing career in the Netherlands with Aris Leeuwarden between 2003 and 2005. Between 2007 and 2023, he had a 16-year high school coaching career in Missouri, winning three state championships. He moved to Australia in 2023 where he became head coach of the Illawarra Hawks. In just his second season as Hawks coach, he led the team to the 2025 NBL championship.

Christian Brothers College High School
Christian Brothers College High School (CBC High School) is a Lasallian Catholic college-preparatory school for young men in Town and Country, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. It is located in the Archdiocese of St. Louis and is owned and operated by the De La Salle Brothers. It is the second oldest Lasallian school in the United States.
Ōu Honsen
The  Ōu Honsen (奥羽本戦, Main battle of Ōu, a pun on the Ou Line railroad traversing the prefectures) is a footballing rivalry played between Blaublitz Akita and Montedio Yamagata, both professional J.League teams from the cities in the former Dewa Province, Japan. It is also known as the Dewa derby or  Chokaisan derby, and named after Japan Railways Ōu Main Line which connects Akita City and Tendo, Yamagata. Series winners can wear home kits at the opponent's stadium next season. This matchup is a part of Tohoku derby.

Montedio Yamagata
Montedio Yamagata (モンテディオ山形, Montedio Yamagata) is a Japanese professional association football club based in Tendo, Yamagata. The club currently playing in J2 League, the Japanese second tier of professional football.
Bice Waleran
Edvige Maria Valcarenghi (8 May 1886 – 1969), known professionally as Bice Waleran or Bice Valerian, was an Italian film actress of the silent era. She was the wife of the actor and director Roberto Roberti and the mother of filmmaker Sergio Leone.

Sergio Leone
Sergio Leone (/liˈoʊni/ lee-OH-nee; Italian: [ˈsɛrdʒo leˈoːne]; 3 January 1929 – 30 April 1989) was an Italian filmmaker, credited as the pioneer of the spaghetti Western genre. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest directors in the history of cinema.

Leone's film-making style includes juxtaposing extreme close-up shots with lengthy long shots. His films include the Dollars Trilogy of Westerns featuring Clint Eastwood: A Fistful of Dollars (1964), For a Few Dollars More (1965), and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966); and the Once Upon a Time films: Once Upon a Time in the West (1968), Duck, You Sucker! (1971), and Once Upon a Time in America (1984).
Chipewyan
The Chipewyan (/ˌtʃɪpəˈwaɪən/ CHIP-ə-WY-ən, also called the Dënesųłı̨né [tènɛ̀sũ̀ɬìné]), are a Dene group of Indigenous Canadian people belonging to the Athabaskan language family, whose ancestors are identified with the Taltheilei Shale archaeological tradition. They are part of the Northern Athabascan group of peoples, and hail from what is now Western Canada.

Churchill, Manitoba
Churchill is a subarctic port town in northern Manitoba, Canada, on the west shore of Hudson Bay, roughly 140 km (87 mi) from the Manitoba–Nunavut border. It was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and governor of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1685 to 1691. It is well known for the many polar bears that move toward the shore from inland in the autumn, leading to the nickname "Polar Bear Capital of the World" and to the benefit of its burgeoning tourism industry.
1860 Colony of Vancouver Island election
A total of 13 members were elected to the Second House of Assembly of Vancouver Island, which sat from March 1, 1860, to February 27, 1863. The members were elected over a number of weeks in January with each constituency holding its election on a different day.

The election did not have political parties but did feature two factions. One was made up of men connected with the Hudson's Bay Company and close to Governor James Douglas and the other of reformers led by the British Colonist editor Amor De Cosmos. The reform faction lost in most cases and Amor De Cosmos used his newspaper to claim the election was not run fairly. Of particular concern to De Cosmos was that the 'coloured' people voted primarily for the HBC candidates. The information on who is from which faction is from information in the British Colonist, which was not neutral.

Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island
The Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island, sometimes House of Assembly of Vancouver Island, was the colonial parliamentary body that was elected to represent voters in the Colony of Vancouver Island.  It was created in 1856 after a series of petitions were sent to the Colonial Office in London protesting the Hudson's Bay Company's proprietary rule over the colony.  It was the first elected assembly in British North America west of Ontario. Although at first only handful of colonists met the voting requirement, and most of those that did were tied to the HBC, the franchise was gradually extended, and the assembly began to assert demands for more control over colonial affairs, as well as criticize colonial governor Sir James Douglas's inherent conflict of interest as both governor and Hudson Bay Company's chief factor.
Toprakkale (castle)
Rusahinili ("city of (King) Rusa I)", modern Toprakkale (Turkey), is an ancient Urartian fortress built by Rusa I, located near the modern city of Van in eastern Turkey.

The site has been excavated by archaeological teams from Germany, the United Kingdom, and other countries.

Asia portal

Rusa I
Rusa I (ruled: 735–714 BC) was a King of Urartu. He succeeded his father, king Sarduri II. His name is sometimes transliterated as Rusas or Rusha. He was known to Assyrians as Ursa (which scholars have speculated is likely a more accurate pronunciation of the name) and possibly Urzana. His birth name may have been Uedipri.

Rusa I built the fortress of Rusahinili (Rusa-hinili, city of Rusa), modern Toprakkale, located near the modern city of Van in eastern Turkey.