hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red Wing Regional Airport
Red Wing Regional Airport (ICAO: KRGK, FAA LID: RGK) is a city-owned public-use airport located in Pierce County, Wisconsin, three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the central business district of Red Wing, a city in Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned RGK by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2021–2025, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility.

Red Wing, Minnesota
Red Wing is a city in and the county seat of Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the upper Mississippi River. The population was 16,547 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The federal government established a Mdewakanton Sioux Indian reservation—now Prairie Island Indian Community—in 1936 along the Mississippi River. The city of Red Wing developed around it.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Red Wing on its 2008 distinctive destinations list because of its "impressive architecture and enviable natural environment".
Elixhauser Comorbidity Index
In medicine, the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index  is a measure of overall severity of comorbidities, predicting hospital length of stay, hospital charges, and in-hospital mortality. The higher the score, the higher the predicted hospital resource use and mortality rate are. For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition.

Conditions can be identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes commonly used in patient records.

The measurement was developed by Anne Elixhauser and colleagues in 1998 and initially included 30 diseases with a uniform weighting for each. The methodology has been adapted several times since then, with the introduction of weights in 2009 and adjustments to the list of categories considered.

Charlson Comorbidity Index
In medicine, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts the mortality for a patient who may have a range of concurrent conditions (comorbidities), such as heart disease, AIDS, or cancer (considering a total of 17 categories). A score of zero means that no comorbidities were found; the higher the score, the higher the predicted mortality rate and the lower the predicted ten-year survival. For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition.

It is one of the most widely used scoring system for comorbidities. The index was developed by Mary Charlson and colleagues in 1987, but the methodology has been adapted several times since then based on the findings of additional studies. Many variations of the Charlson comorbidity index have been presented, including the Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores comorbidity indices.
A. Pengelley & Co
A. Pengelley & Co was a manufacturer of furniture, horse-drawn vehicles, motor car bodies and tram and railway rolling stock bodies  in Adelaide, South Australia. The company had a 3-acre (1.2-hectare) factory on South Road, Edwardstown.

On 25 December 1913, much of the factory was destroyed by fire, except for the railway carriage and tram construction facilities.

In 1954, the premises were purchased and occupied by the Hills Hoists company to manufacture rotary clothes lines.

Hills Hoist
A Hills Hoist is a height-adjustable rotary clothes line, designed to permit the compact hanging of wet clothes so that their maximum area can be exposed for wind drying by rotation. They are considered one of Australia's most recognisable icons, and are used frequently by artists as a metaphor for Australian suburbia in the 1950s and 1960s.

For decades, beginning in 1945, the devices were mainly manufactured in Adelaide, South Australia, based on prior product designs purchased by Lance Hill from the Australian inventor Gerhard "Pop" Kaesler and related expired patents. The local emphasis led to Hills Hoist becoming the generic term for rotary clothes lines in Australia. The manufacturer soon became nationally market-dominant and rotary washing (clothes) lines have become common across much of the world. Direct successors to his product are now mostly manufactured in China.
Enheduanna (crater)
Enheduanna is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 105 kilometers. Its name was suggested by Gagan Toor from India in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Enheduanna is named for the Sumerian poet Enheduanna.  The craters Carolan, Kulthum, Karsh, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

There are irregular depressions at the center of Enheduanna, which are similar to those within Navoi, Lermontov, Scarlatti, and Praxiteles.  The depressions resemble those associated with volcanic explosions.

The scarp known as Victoria Rupes cuts across Enheduanna and trends to the north from it.

Approximate color image by MESSENGER

Derzhavin and Enheduanna craters from MESSENGER's second flyby of Mercury in October 2008.

Oblique view of the depression in Enheduanna crater facing south

Karsh (crater)
Karsh is a crater on Mercury. It has a diameter of 58 kilometers. Its name was suggested by American resident Elizabeth Freeman Rosenzweig in a naming contest which was eventually adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) on 2015. Karsh is named for the Armenian-Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh.  The craters Carolan, Enheduanna, Kulthum, and Rivera were also named as part of the contest.

Karsh lies on the west rim of the much larger Rembrandt basin.
Henrique Calisto
Henrique Manuel da Silva Calisto (born 16 October 1953) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a right-back, and is a manager.

After his playing career ended he became a manager, taking charge of numerous clubs, mainly in Portugal, and also managed the Vietnamese national team.

2008 AFF Championship
The 2008 AFF Championship was the seventh edition of the tournament. It was primarily sponsored by Suzuki and therefore officially known as the 2008 AFF Suzuki Cup. The group stage was held in Indonesia and Thailand from 5 to 10 December 2008. Two-legged home-and-away semi-finals and finals were held between 16 and 28 December 2008 in Singapore and Vietnam.

Singapore were the two-time defending champions, but were eliminated by Vietnam in the semi-finals. Vietnam, managed by Portuguese Henrique Calisto, won the tournament by a 3–2 victory in the two-legged final against Thailand to win their first title. In 2008, this was rank 7th of the top ten greatest football events in Asia by Goal.com.
Condado Lagoon
Condado Lagoon (Spanish: Laguna del Condado) is located in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It is an effluent body of water that flows freely between the Condado and Miramar neighborhoods of Santurce, a barrio of San Juan.

Miramar (Santurce)
Miramar is one of the forty subbarrios of Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico. The neighborhood has many historic Spanish Revival-style homes with patios and gardens, and it was listed on the Puerto Rico Register of Historic Sites and Zones in 2007 for its historical and architectural value.
Douglas Walter Belcher
Douglas Walter Belcher  VC (15 July 1889 – 3 June 1953) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Second Battle of Ypres
The Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – 25 May 1915, during the First World War, for control of the tactically valuable high ground to the east and the south of the Flemish town of Ypres, in western Belgium. The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. The Second Battle of Ypres was the occasion of the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.
English personal pronouns
The English personal pronouns are a subset of English pronouns taking various forms according to number, person, case and grammatical gender. Modern English has very little inflection of nouns or adjectives, to the point where some authors describe it as an analytic language, but the Modern English system of personal pronouns has preserved some of the inflectional complexity of Old English and Middle English.

Disjunctive pronoun
A disjunctive pronoun is a stressed form of a personal pronoun reserved for use in isolation or in certain syntactic contexts.

In Modern English, this function is fulfilled by the object pronouns (me, you, him, her, us, them) when used in stressed or isolated positions (e.g., “Me.”) or after linking verbs (e.g., “It is me.”).
Disa harveyana
Disa harveyana is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The plant is endemic to the Western Cape.

There are two subspecies:

Disa harveyana subsp. harveyana

Disa harveyana subsp. longicalcarata S.D.Johnson & H.P.Linder

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named in honor of James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776, which became fundamental for the Industrial Revolution.

Volt-ampere
The volt-ampere (SI symbol: VA, sometimes V⋅A or V A) is the unit of measurement for apparent power in an electrical circuit. It is the product of the root mean square voltage (in volts) and the root mean square current (in amperes). Volt-amperes are usually used for analyzing alternating current (AC) circuits. In direct current (DC) circuits, this product is equal to the real power, measured in watts. The volt-ampere is dimensionally equivalent to the watt: in SI units, 1 V⋅A = 1 W. VA rating is most used for generators and transformers, and other power handling equipment, where loads may be reactive (inductive or capacitive).
Brunton, Inc.
Brunton International LLC (formerly Brunton Inc.) is a manufacturer of navigation tools. Their product line includes recreational compasses, navigational equipment, and geology and survey instruments. They are located in Riverton, Wyoming.

Brunton compass
A Brunton compass, properly known as the Brunton Pocket Transit, is a precision compass made by Brunton, Inc. of Riverton, Wyoming. The instrument was patented in 1894 by Canadian-born geologist David W. Brunton.   Unlike most modern compasses, the Brunton Pocket Transit utilizes magnetic induction damping rather than fluid to damp needle oscillation.  Although Brunton, Inc. makes many other types of magnetic compasses, the Brunton Pocket Transit is a specialized instrument used widely by those needing to make accurate navigational and slope-angle measurements in the field. Users are primarily geologists, but archaeologists, environmental engineers, mining engineers and surveyors also make use of the Brunton's capabilities. The United States Army has adopted the Pocket Transit as the M2 Compass for use by crew-served artillery.
Veiled Aristocrats
Veiled Aristocrats  is a 1932 American pre-Code race film written, directed, produced and distributed by Oscar Micheaux. The film deals with the theme of "passing" by mixed-race African Americans to avoid racial discrimination. It is a remake of The House Behind the Cedars (1927), based on a novel by the same name published in 1900 by Charles W. Chesnutt. Micheaux may have borrowed the new title from a 1923 novel by Gertrude Sanborn.

Oscar Micheaux
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (US: /mɪˈʃoʊ/ ⓘ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race films, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century." He produced both silent films and sound films.
Meade Islands
The Meade Islands are a group of two large islands, Zverino Island and Cave Island, the minor Pisanitsa Island, and several rocks lying in the north entrance to McFarlane Strait, off Archar Peninsula, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The surface areas of the first two islands are 48 hectares (120 acres) and 18 hectares (44 acres). respectively. The area was visited by early 19th-century sealers.

The islands were charted in 1935 by Discovery Investigations and named after C.M. Meade, Cartographer-in-charge in the Admiralty Hydrographic Office at that time.

Cave Island
Cave Island is an island marked by a large cavern in its south side, which is the second largest of the Meade Islands lying in the north entrance to McFarlane Strait, off Archar Peninsula on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands.  It is separated from neighbouring Zverino Island to the west-southwest by the 110 m wide Glogovo Passage.

The name Cave Rock appears to have been applied by DI personnel on the Discovery II who charted the feature in 1935.
Ferdowsi (film)
Ferdowsi (Ferdausi) (Persian title: Ferdosi- Persian: فردوسی)  is a 1934 Iranian biography drama film directed by Abdolhossein Sepanta and starring Nosratollah Mohtasham, Abdolhossein Sepanta and Sohrab Pouri.

The movie is about the famous Iranian poet Ferdowsi, author of the Shahnameh book of epic poems. The film was restored in 2023 by the Film Archive of Iran.

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi (940-1025) was a Persian poet and the author of Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), which is one of the world's longest epic poems created by a single poet, and the greatest epic of Persian-speaking countries. Ferdowsi is celebrated as one of the most influential figures of Persian literature and one of the greatest in the history of literature.
Northern Belle (1875 ship)
Northern Belle was a steamship that provided service in Ontario, Canada, from 1875 to her accidental destruction by fire in 1898.

Shortly after she was launched, as  Gladys, in Marine City, Michigan, she was purchased by the Georgian Bay Navigation Company, which renamed her Northern Belle.

She burned shortly after arriving in Byng Inlet, the mouth of the Magnetawan River, on November 7, 1898.  The fire burst out unexpectedly and her captain, C. Jacques, barely had time to beach her. There were no deaths, but not only was her cargo lost, her crew and passengers lost all their possessions.

Her wreck became a popular site for recreational divers.

Byng Inlet (Ontario)
Byng Inlet is a body of water on the eastern shore of Georgian Bay, between Parry Sound and the mouth of the French River. It is a widening of the Magnetawan River, near its mouth. The name of the river "Magnetawan", meaning "long open channel" in the Ojibwe language, refers to this section of the river.
Cauberg
The Cauberg is a hill in Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town in the South Limburg region of the Netherlands. The hill played an important role in the early development of tourism in Valkenburg. Today, several major tourist attractions are situated on or nearby Cauberg. The hill's fame is mainly due to the many cycling races and championships that were held here. The length of the climb is around 1,200 metres (0.7 mi), with a maximum grade of 12%.

Valkenburg aan de Geul
Valkenburg aan de Geul (Dutch: [ˈvɑlkə(m)bʏr(ə)x aːn də ˈɣøːl] ⓘ; Limburgish: Valkeberg [ˈvɑl˦əkəˌbæʀ˦əx] ⓘ) is a municipality situated in the southeastern Dutch province of Limburg. The name refers to the central town in the municipality, Valkenburg, and the small river Geul passing through it.
Photocatalysis
In chemistry, photocatalysis is the acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a photocatalyst, the excited state of which "repeatedly interacts with the reaction partners forming reaction intermediates and regenerates itself after each cycle of such interactions." In many cases, the catalyst is a solid that upon irradiation with UV- or visible light generates electron–hole pairs that generate free radicals. Photocatalysts belong to three main groups; heterogeneous, homogeneous, and plasmonic antenna-reactor catalysts. The use of each catalysts depends on the preferred application and required catalysis reaction.

Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO. It is a white powder which is insoluble in water. ZnO is used as an additive in numerous materials and products including cosmetics, food supplements, rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, sunscreens, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods, batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, semi conductors, and first-aid tapes. Although it occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.
Flatbow
A flatbow is a bow with non-recurved, flat, relatively wide limbs that are approximately rectangular in cross-section. Because the limbs are relatively wide, flatbows will usually narrow and become deeper at the handle, with a rounded, non-bending handle for easier grip. This design differs from that of a longbow, which has rounded limbs that are circular or D-shaped in cross-section, and is usually widest at the handle. A flatbow can be just as long as a longbow, but can also be very short. Typical lengths would be 68–70 inches (172.5–178 cm) for a flatbow, 70–72 inches (178–183 cm) for an English longbow, and 72–76 inches (183–193 cm) for a warbow-weight English longbow; but these styles may easily overlap each other. Traditional flatbows are usually wooden self bows (bows made of one solid piece of wood), though laminated and composite flatbows have been made in ancient and modern times. Modern flatbows commonly use fiberglass.

Self bow
A self bow or simple bow is a bow made from a single piece of wood. Extra material such as horn nocks on the ends, or built-up handles, would normally be accepted as part of a self bow. Some modern authorities would also accept a bow spliced together in the handle from two pieces of wood.
Lot 19, Prince Edward Island
Lot 19 is a township in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada.  It is part of St. David's Parish. Lot 19 was awarded to brothers John and Walter Patterson in the 1767 land lottery. One quarter was granted to Loyalists in 1783.

St. David's Parish, Prince Edward Island
St. David's Parish was created as a civil parish in Prince County, Prince Edward Island, Canada, during the 1764–1766 survey of Samuel Holland.

It contains the following townships:

Lot 18

Lot 19

Lot 25

Lot 26

Lot 27

Lot 28

It also contains Prince Royalty.

46°19′24.7″N 63°44′22.1″W﻿ / ﻿46.323528°N 63.739472°W﻿ / 46.323528; -63.739472
Hato-Builico Administrative Post
Hato-Builico, officially Hato-Builico Administrative Post (Portuguese: Posto Administrativo de Hato-Builico, Tetum: Postu administrativu Hatu-Builiku), is an administrative post (and was formerly a subdistrict) in Ainaro municipality, Timor-Leste. Its seat or administrative centre is Mulo.

Ainaro Municipality
Ainaro (Portuguese: Município Ainaro, Tetum: Munisípiu Ainaru) is one of 13 municipalities of Timor-Leste, in the southwest part of the country. It has a population of 59,175 (census 2010) and an area of 804 km2. Its capital is the city of Ainaro, a small mountain town.
Hill station
A hill station is a type of hill town, mostly in colonial Asia, but also in colonial Africa (albeit rarely), founded by European colonialists as a refuge from the summer heat. As historian Dane Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has the largest number of hill stations; most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft).

Lonavala
Lonavala-Khandala is a hill station and a municipal council in the Pune district, Maharashtra. It is about 64 km (40 miles) west of Pune and 96 km (60 miles) to the east of Mumbai. It is known for its production of the hard candy chikki and is also a major stop on the railway line connecting Mumbai and Pune. From the Pune suburbs, local trains are available from Pune Junction. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway and the Mumbai-Pune national highway both pass through Lonavala.

Lonavala is also home to INS Shivaji (formerly HMIS Shivaji), the Indian Navy's premier technical training institute. On 16 February 1945, the Establishment was commissioned as HMIS Shivaji and since then, the premier Technical Training Establishment of the Indian Navy trains officers.
Caravan to Lhasa
Caravan to Lhasa is a travel book and an account of the lives of expatriate Nepalese merchants in Lhasa from the 1920s to the 1960s. Written by Kamal Ratna Tuladhar, the book describes the caravan journey from Kathmandu across the Himalaya, and the life and times of the Newar traders in Tibet through the experiences of his merchant father Karuna Ratna Tuladhar (1920-2008) and uncles.

Karuna Ratna spent 17 years in Lhasa, from 1935-1946 and 1949-1954. He was born in Kathmandu to a merchant family, and took over the ancestral shop in Lhasa after his father's death in 1935.

Caravan to Lhasa is based on the centuries-old history of Kathmandu's Lhasa Newar merchants who lived for long periods at their business houses in Tibet and India, and operated a trading network linking South and Central Asia.

The book ends with the final return of the merchants after the Chinese takeover of Tibet and the flight of the Dalai Lama to India in 1959. The first edition appeared in 2004.

Caravan (travellers)
A caravan (from Persian کاروان kârvân) is a group of people traveling together, often on a trade expedition. Caravans were used mainly in desert areas and throughout the Silk Road, where traveling in groups helped in defense against bandits as well as in improving economies of scale in trade.
Manhattan Railway Company
The Manhattan Railway Company was an elevated railway company in Manhattan and the Bronx, New York City, United States. It operated four lines: the Second Avenue Line, Third Avenue Line, Sixth Avenue Line, and Ninth Avenue Line.

George Jay Gould
George Jay Gould I (February 6, 1864 – May 16, 1923) was a financier and the son of Jay Gould. He was himself a railroad executive, leading the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (DRGW), Western Pacific Railroad (WP), and the Manhattan Railway Company.
Meaghan Creed
Meaghan Creed is a Canadian neuroscientist and associate professor of anesthesiology at Washington University School of Medicine. Creed has conducted research on understanding and optimizing deep brain stimulation in the basal ganglia for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Her work has been recognized at the national and international level by Pfizer, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the Whitehall Foundation, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and the Rita Allen Foundation.

Christian Lüscher (neurobiologist)
Christian Lüscher (born April 13, 1963) is a Swiss neurobiologist and full professor at the Department of Basic Neurosciences of the University of Geneva. He is also an attending in neurology at the Geneva University Hospital. Lüscher is known for his contributions in the field addiction, particularly for establishing links of causality between the drug-evoked synaptic plasticity and adaptive behavior in mice.