hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers
The International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers (AWIU or Insulators) is a trade union in the United States and Canada, founded in 1903. It is affiliated with the AFL–CIO and the Canadian Labour Congress and the North America's Building Trades Unions.

The union was formerly known as the International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos Workers, but the name was changed to reflect a symbolic new direction away from the hazards of exposure to asbestos.

North America's Building Trades Unions
The Building and Construction Trades Department (BCTD), commonly known as North America's Building Trades Unions (NABTU), is a trade department of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) with 14 affiliated labor unions in the building trades. It was originally founded by the American Federation of Labor in 1907.
Harleyville, South Carolina
Harleyville is a town in Dorchester County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 666 at the 2020 census, down slightly from 677 at the 2010 census. Harleyville is part of the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville metropolitan area.

Dorchester County, South Carolina
Dorchester County is located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,540. Its county seat is St. George. The county was created on February 25, 1897 by an act of the South Carolina General Assembly. Dorchester County is included in the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is in the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
January 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 17 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 19

All fixed commemorations below are observed on January 31 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 18th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 5.

January 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
January 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - January 20

All fixed commemorations below are observed on February 1 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For January 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on January 6.
Namadhari Naik
Namadhari Naik, also known as Hale paika, is a Hindu kshatriya community predominantly found in Uttara Kannada of Karnataka State in India, and forms the numerical majority in the region. Traditionally, members of the Namadhari Naik community have been engaged in agriculture, military service, and priesthood. The surnames Nayak (ನಾಯಕ), Naik (ನಾಯ್ಕ) and Namadhari (ನಾಮಧಾರಿ) are commonly used among community members, signifying their status and lineage.

Namadhari
Namadhari is a term used for people of all castes who follow Sri Vaishnava tradition, sport vermillion nama (a vertical mark) on their foreheads and consider Sri Ramanujacharya as their guru. There are a number of different Namadhari castes like Namadhari Naik in Uttara Kannada, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada Districts, Namdhari Vokkaligas in Malenadu, Namadhari Nagarthas in southern Karnataka and northern Tamil Nadu. and Namadhari Dasari in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana.
Walid Muallem
Walid Mohi Edine al Muallem (Arabic: وليد محيي الدين المعلم, romanized: Walīd Muḥīyy ad-Dīn al-Muʿallem; 13 January 1941 – 16 November 2020) was a Syrian diplomat and Ba'ath Party member who served as foreign minister from 2006 to 2020 and as deputy prime minister from 2012 to 2020.

Deputy Prime Minister of Syria
The deputy prime minister of Syria (Arabic: نايب رئيس الوزراء في سوريا, romanized: Nayib Raʾīs al-wuzarāʾ fī Sūriyā), officially the vice president of the Council of Ministers of the Syrian Arab Republic, was a position in the Council of Ministers of Syria.

The deputy prime minister was the second highest-ranking member of the Council of Ministers, after the prime minister. In the previous semi-presidential system used under both Ba'athist Syria and the Syrian caretaker government, the prime minister was treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy prime minister was used to bring political stability and strength within a government or in times of national emergency when a proper chain of command was necessary. The post became vacant on 28 April 2022 and was formally abolished following the establishment of Syrian transitional government on 29 March 2025.
Symphony No. 1 (Bruckner)
Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 1 in C minor, WAB 101, was the first symphony the composer thought worthy of performing and bequeathing to the Austrian National Library. Chronologically it comes after the Study Symphony in F minor and before the "nullified" Symphony in D minor. (Symphony No. 2 in C minor was completed after the "nullified" Symphony in D minor.) The composer gave it the nickname Das kecke Beserl (The Saucy Maid), and conducted its 1868 premiere. Much later, after Bruckner was granted an honorary University of Vienna doctorate in 1891, he dedicated the 1890–1891 version of the work to that institution.

Robert Haas (musicologist)
Robert Maria Haas (15 August 1886, Prague – 4 October 1960, Vienna) was an Austrian musicologist.

At the beginning of his career with the Austrian national library, Haas was mostly interested in Baroque and Classical music. Later on, he was engaged by the newly formed International Bruckner Society to work on a complete edition of Anton Bruckner's symphonies and Masses based on the original manuscripts bequeathed by the composer to the Vienna library.
Alexander Jagiellon
Alexander Jagiellon (Polish: Aleksander Jagiellończyk; Lithuanian: Aleksandras Jogailaitis; 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1492 and King of Poland from 1501 until his death in 1506. He was the fourth son of Casimir IV and a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Alexander was elected grand duke of Lithuania upon the death of his father and became king of Poland upon the death of his elder brother John I Albert.

Church of St. Anne, Vilnius
St. Anne's Church (Lithuanian: Šv. Onos bažnyčia; Polish: Kościół św. Anny) is a Roman Catholic church in Vilnius' Old Town, on the right bank of the Vilnia river established circa 1495–1500. It is a prominent example of both Flamboyant and Brick Gothic styles. St. Anne's is a prominent landmark in the Vilnius Old Town that enabled the district to be named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is one of the most interesting examples of Gothic architecture in Lithuania.
Hopen Radio
Hopen Radio is a coast radio station and the only settlement on the island of Hopen in Svalbard, Norway. It is located between Kollerfjellet and Werenskioldfjellet.

The station was established by Germany as part of Operation Zitronella during the Second World War. After the war, it was taken over by the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. It has a staff of four people.

On August 28, 1978 an early model Tupolev Tu-16 of the Soviet Air Force crashed on the island. All seven crew were killed in the accident. It was discovered two days later by the four-man Norwegian weather forecasting team. The Soviet Union refused to admit the loss of an aircraft until the bodies of the crew were given to them. Norway transcribed the contents of the flight recorder over the objections of the Soviet government.

Kollerfjellet
Kollerfjellet is a mountain at Hopen, Svalbard. It has a height of 304 m.a.s.l., and its first known ascent was made in 1924 during topographic works.

The meteorological station Hopen Radio is located between Kollerfjellet and Werenskioldfjellet.
Signal Hill Group
The Signal Hill Group is a siliciclastic Group of marine Ediacaran strata, cropping out in Newfoundland, in the eastern Bonavista Peninsula and the eastern Avalon peninsula.

It corresponds temporally to the Musgravetown Group further west.

Musgravetown Group
The Musgravetown Group is a terminal Ediacaran stratigraphic group of terrestrialish sandstones, lavas and tuffs cropping out in Newfoundland.

It corresponds temporally to the Signal Hill Group further east.
2-Mercaptoethanol
2-Mercaptoethanol is the organosulfur compound with the formula HOCH2CH2SH. ME or βME, as it is commonly abbreviated, is used to reduce disulfide bonds.  It is widely used because the hydroxyl group confers solubility in water and lowers the volatility.  Due to its diminished vapor pressure, its odor, while unpleasant, is less objectionable than related thiols.

Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol (/ˈθaɪɒl/; from Ancient Greek  θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'), or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form R−SH, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. The −SH functional group itself is referred to as either a thiol group or a sulfhydryl group, or a sulfanyl group. Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl (−OH) group of an alcohol), and the word is a blend of "thio-" with "alcohol".

Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic, cabbage or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as odorants to assist in the detection of natural gas (which in pure form is odorless). The smell of natural gas is due to the addition of thiol.
Tutte graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Tutte graph is a 3-regular graph with 46 vertices and 69 edges named after W. T. Tutte. It has chromatic number 3, chromatic index 3, girth 4 and diameter 8.

The Tutte graph is a cubic polyhedral graph, but is non-hamiltonian. Therefore, it is a counterexample to Tait's conjecture that every 3-regular polyhedron has a Hamiltonian cycle.

Published by Tutte in 1946, it is the first counterexample constructed for this conjecture. Other counterexamples were found later, in many cases based on Grinberg's theorem.

Grinberg's theorem
In graph theory, Grinberg's theorem is a necessary condition for a planar graph to contain a Hamiltonian cycle, based on the lengths of its face cycles. If a graph does not meet this condition, it is not Hamiltonian. The result has been widely used to prove that certain planar graphs constructed to have additional properties are not Hamiltonian; for instance it can prove non-Hamiltonicity of some counterexamples to Tait's conjecture that cubic polyhedral graphs are Hamiltonian.

Grinberg's theorem is named after Latvian mathematician Emanuel Grinberg, who proved it in 1968.
Bertha of Aragon
Bertha (c. 1075 – bef. 1111) was a Queen consort of Aragon and Navarre. Nothing is known about her childhood or the names of her parents.

She was married to Peter I of Aragon in 1097, shortly after the death of Peter's first wife, Agnes of Aquitaine, with whom he had two children: Peter and Isabella. Bertha and Peter had no children.

Peter and Isabella were both dead by 1104 and King Peter needed an heir. They had no children and Peter died the following year. The crown of Aragon and Navarre passed to Peter's half-brother Alfonso.

Bertha got a dower but Alfonso got all of Peter's lands. It is unknown when Bertha died or where she died.

Genealogist Szabolcs de Vajay has speculated that Bertha may have been a daughter of Peter I, Count of Savoy, and another Agnes of Aquitaine, perhaps the Agnes who was the final wife of Peter's grandfather Ramiro I of Aragon and first-cousin of Peter's own first wife.

Peter I of Aragon and Pamplona
Peter I (Spanish: Pedro, Aragonese: Pero, Basque: Petri; c. 1068 – 1104) was King of Aragon and also Pamplona from 1094 until his death in 1104. Peter was the eldest son of Sancho Ramírez, from whom he inherited the crowns of Aragon and Pamplona, and Isabella of Urgell.  He was named in honour of Saint Peter, because of his father's special devotion to the Holy See, to which he had made his kingdom a vassal. Peter continued his father's close alliance with the Church and pursued his military thrust south against bordering Al-Andalus taifas with great success, allying with Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, known as El Cid, the ruler of Valencia, against the Almoravids. According to the medieval Annales Compostellani Peter was "expert in war and daring in initiative", and one modern historian has remarked that "his grasp of the possibilities inherent in the age seems to have been faultless."
Yew Chung International School
Yew Chung International School (YCIS, Chinese: 耀中國際學校), is a private international school in Hong Kong for boys and girls ages 6 months to 18 years (Infant & Toddler to Year 13), educating them from Kindergarten to Secondary. The campuses are located in Kowloon Tong and Kowloon City District. At YCIS, students are taught Mandarin Chinese and English from Kindergarten, with the option of picking up French as a foreign language later in Secondary.

Kowloon Tong
Kowloon Tong (Chinese: 九龍塘) is an affluent area of Hong Kong located in Kowloon. The majority of the area is in the Kowloon City District. Its exact location is south of the Lion Rock, north of Boundary Street, east of the East Rail line and west of Grampian Road. It is one of the most expensive residential districts in Hong Kong.

It is popular among Hong Kong's wealthy residents because of its schools and low-density private housing. Most of the buildings there do not exceed 10 floors. In addition, this area is noted for its private schools and nursing homes. Within Kowloon West, it is administratively divided between Kowloon City District and Sham Shui Po District, bisected by the Kowloon–Canton Railway.
Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
The following is a list of Saturn Award winners and nominees for Best Supporting Actor (in a film). Burgess Meredith, Ian McKellen and Andy Serkis are the only actors that have won the award twice, while only Javier Bardem, Heath Ledger, and Ke Huy Quan have won both the Saturn Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the same performance.

Saturn Awards
The Saturn Awards are American awards presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films. The awards were created to honor science fiction, fantasy, and horror in film, but have since grown to reward other films belonging to genre fiction, as well as television and home media releases. The Saturn Awards were created in 1973 and were originally referred to as Golden Scrolls.
Bishopric of Merseburg
The Bishopric of Merseburg was an episcopal see on the eastern border of the medieval Duchy of Saxony with its centre in Merseburg, where Merseburg Cathedral was constructed. The see was founded in 967 by Emperor Otto I at the same time in the same manner as those of Meissen and Zeitz (from 1029: Naumburg), all suffragan dioceses of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg as part of a plan to bind the adjacent Slavic ("Wendish") lands in the Saxon Eastern March beyond the Saale River more closely to the Holy Roman Empire.

The prince-bishopric was re-established by King Henry II of Germany in 1004. It then covered a considerable small territory stretching from the Saale up to the Mulde River and the Margraviate of Meissen in the east.

George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (15 August 1507 – 17 October 1553), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau, and also a Protestant Reformer. After 1544 he became the first ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau.

George was the third (but second surviving) son of Ernest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, by his wife Margaret of Münsterberg, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and granddaughter of George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia.
Medusa (Marvel Comics)
Medusa (Medusalith Amaquelin-Boltagon) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Fantastic Four #36 (1965).

Her name and aspects of the character are derived from Greek mythology, as her hair has prehensile attributes like that of the mythological Medusa's hair. The character has psychokinetic control over her hair, a power she obtained through Terrigenesis. With this power, she can extend her hair to double its normal length, using it to pick locks, lift objects, and contain objects and people. She is the queen of the Inhumans,  is wife of the king Black Bolt and mother of Ahura.

Serinda Swan primarily portrayed Medusa in the 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Inhumans.

Illuminati (comics)
The Illuminati are a fictional secret society group of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters joined forces and secretly work behind the scenes. The Illuminati was established to exist (via story retcon) in their first published appearance in New Avengers #7 (July 2005), written by Brian Michael Bendis. Their history was discussed in the special New Avengers: Illuminati (May 2006). The group was revealed to have been formed very shortly after the Kree–Skrull War.

The Illuminati appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness.
Anderson Road, Hong Kong
Anderson Road (Chinese: 安達臣道) is a road on the eastern border of the New Territories and New Kowloon in Hong Kong. It starts near the junction of Clear Water Bay Road and New Clear Water Bay Road, above Shun Lee Estate, then continues southeast to Tseng Lan Shue (井欄樹) and eastward through the hills above Sau Mau Ping, and finally ends at Po Lam Road (寶琳路) in Ma Yau Tong.

Tiu Keng Leng
Tiu Keng Leng (Chinese: 調景嶺), less commonly known as Rennie's Mill, is an area of Hong Kong in the Sai Kung District adjacent to Junk Bay (Tseung Kwan O).

The area was formerly a refugee village housing former Kuomintang officials and followers who escaped to Hong Kong from mainland China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC); however, the original Tiu Keng Leng village was cleared before Hong Kong's sovereignty transfer to the PRC in 1997, and nowadays Tiu Keng Leng has been thoroughly redeveloped as part of the Tseung Kwan O New Town.
Berylliosis
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning, which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950. Berylliosis is an occupational lung disease.

While there is no cure, symptoms can be treated.

Beryllium poisoning
Beryllium poisoning is poisoning by the toxic effects of beryllium, or more usually its compounds. It takes two forms:

Acute beryllium poisoning, usually as a result of exposure to soluble beryllium salts

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) or berylliosis, usually as a result of long-term exposure to beryllium oxide usually caused by inhalation.
Bloukrans River (Grahamstown)
The Bloukrans River (Grahamstown) is a tributary of the Kowie River, and is situated near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The endangered Eastern Province rocky is found in the Bloukrans River section of the Blaauwkrantz Nature Reserve.

Kowie River
The Kowie River (Coyi in Xhosa) is a river in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It has its source in the hills of the "Grahamstown Heights" from where it flows in a south-easterly direction draining the major part of the Bathurst region, reaching the Indian Ocean through an estuary at Port Alfred.

Its major tributaries are the Bloukrans River, the Bak River and the Lushington River (or Torrens). The Little Kowie River is a smaller tributary which enters the estuarine portion of the river 14 km from the mouth. There are also a number of smaller unnamed streams entering the river along its course. The Kowie river is part of the Fish to Tsitsikama Water Management Area.
Cornelis Melyn
Cornelis Melyn (1600 – c. 1662) was an early Dutch settler in New Netherland and Patroon of Staten Island. He was the chairman of the council of eight men, which was a part of early steps toward representative democracy in the Dutch colony.

Eight Men
The Eight Men was a group of eight residents chosen by the people of New Netherland in 1643 to advise Director Willem Kieft on his governance of the colony. An early form of representational democracy in colonial North America, it replaced the similarly selected Twelve Men and was followed by the Nine Men.
Ignatius K. Musaazi
Ignatius Kangave Musaazi (1905–1990) formed the first political party in Uganda. namely the Uganda National Congress (UNC) party on 2 March 1952. Musaazi became its first president, and Abubaker Kakyama Mayanja was the party's first secretary general. Other key figures of the UNC included Apollo K. Kironde who was the legal advisor to the party. Towards the end of 1951, Musaazi rented part of the ground floor of a house on what is now known as Musajjalumbwa Road near the Lubiri (palace) in Mengo. The house belonged to the late Yakobo Musajjalumbwa, a former treasurer (Omuwanika) of the Buganda kingdom. This house became a centre of political activity and in 1952 witnessed the birth of the Uganda National Congress.

Abu Mayanja
Abubaker Kakyama Mayanja (August 1929 – 4 November 2005) was the first Secretary General of the Uganda National Congress party, the first political party in Uganda set up on 6 March 1952 by Ignatius K. Musaazi.  He became the Secretary General of the UNC in his youth when he was still an undergraduate student at Makerere University College, which later became Makerere University. Abu Mayanja helped Musaazi draft the Constitution of the Uganda National Congress party. Abu was a fighter for independence in Uganda and Africa, a strong parliamentarian and one who disliked injustice.  He contributed greatly to the political life of Uganda as a constitutional expert, formidable parliamentarian, government minister at various times, and as an excellent Barrister in private practice. His written contributions in the Tribune magazine, Transition, Uganda Argus and New Vision newspapers were well received and much respected.
Hotel Bristol
The Hotel Bristol is the name of more than 200 hotels around the world.  They range from grand European hotels, such as Hôtel Le Bristol Paris and the Hotel Bristol in Warsaw or Vienna to budget hotels, such as the SRO (single room occupancy) Bristol in San Francisco.  They are not a chain, except in Brazil, where Bristol Hoteis & Resorts has around a dozen hotels throughout the country with the Bristol name.

Hotel Bristol (Oslo)
Hotel Bristol is a hotel in Oslo, Norway. Opened in 1920, it is owned today by Olav Thon. The hotel has 251 rooms, 10 suites, and three restaurants.

On the evening of July 15, 1936, the city of Oslo hosted, at the hotel, a dinner for participants in the 1936 International Congress of Mathematicians.

In 1939,  the Oslo Report was written by Hans Ferdinand Mayer during his stay at the hotel. During World War II, the hotel was requisitioned as a hospital to treat casualties from the December 1943 explosion of a German munitions ship in Oslo's harbor.
Gákkajávri
Gákkajávri (Northern Sami) or Gaggavann (Norwegian) is a lake that lies in Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 7.4-square-kilometre (2.9 sq mi) lake lies just east of the European route E06 highway, between the villages of Lakselv and Karasjok.

The village of Skoganvarre and the lake Øvrevann, popular tourist areas, are located on the west side of the lake. In the winter time, this area is a popular setting-off point for ski- and snow scooter activities. In the south, there is a small power station and Porsanger's largest housing estate.

Skoganvarre
Skoganvarre (Norwegian), Skuvvanvárri (Northern Sami), or Skuukanvaara (Kven) is a village in Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.  The village is located along the Lakselva river and the European route E06 highway, about half-way between the villages of Lakselv and Karasjok.  The lake Gákkajávri lies just east of the village.  The village is an old settlement, located on old roads crossing Finnmark.  The Skoganvarre Chapel is located in the village.