hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rowan County, Kentucky
Rowan County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky, in the Eastern Kentucky Coalfield region. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,662. Its county seat is Morehead.

The county was created in 1856 from parts of Fleming and Morgan counties, and named after John Rowan, who represented Kentucky in the House of Representatives and the Senate.

With regard to the sale of alcohol, it is classified as a moist county in which alcohol sales are prohibited, but unlike a dry county, it contains a "wet" city, Morehead, where packaged alcohol sales are allowed.

Fleming County, Kentucky
Fleming County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,082.  Its county seat is Flemingsburg. The county was formed in 1798 and named for Colonel John Fleming, an Indian fighter and early settler. It is a moist county.
In 1998, the Kentucky General Assembly designated Fleming County as the Covered Bridge Capital of Kentucky.
Havarlı
Havarlı, also Gavarly (Azerbaijani: Havarlı) is a village and municipality in the Yevlakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,362. The municipality consists of the villages of Havarlı and Əxşam.

Əxşam
40°44′19″N 47°09′46″E﻿ / ﻿40.73861°N 47.16278°E﻿ / 40.73861; 47.16278

Əxşam (also, Akhsham and Ekhshem) is a village in the Yevlakh Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Havarlı.
Oscarsborg Fortress
Oscarsborg Fortress (Norwegian: Oscarsborg festning) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the town of Drøbak in Akershus County, Norway. The best known part is situated on two small islets: Nordre Kaholmen and Søndre Kaholmen. In addition, the main artillery batteries were on the island Håøya and smaller batteries were on the mainland to the west and east of the fjord. The fortress is best known for sinking  the German heavy cruiser Blücher on 9 April 1940. The fortress was military territory until 2003 when it was made into a publicly available museum and resort. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status.

28 cm MRK L/35
The 28 cm MRK L/35 was a German naval gun that was used in World War I as the primary armament of the Brandenburg-class pre-dreadnought battleships.  It also saw use as a Coastal-defense gun during World War II.
Colville Lake, Northwest Territories
Colville Lake (K'áhbamį́túé meaning "ptarmigan net place") is a settlement corporation located in the Sahtu Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. The community is located 50 km (31 mi) north of the Arctic Circle, on a lake of the same name, and is northeast of Norman Wells. This settlement is the administrative office of the Behdzi Ahda band government. The community is likely named for Hudson's Bay Company Governor Andrew Colvile.

Arctic Co-operatives Limited
Arctic Co-operatives Limited is a cooperative federation owned and controlled by 32 community-based cooperative business enterprises located in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon, Canada. Arctic Co-ops coordinates resources, consolidates the purchasing power and provides operational and technical support to the community-based co-operatives to enable them to provide a wide range of services to their local member-owners. Arctic Co-ops operates in both English and Inuktitut and provides patronage dividends to the local members.

Arctic Co-ops is a member of the Manitoba Cooperative Association.
Delitzsch
Delitzsch (German pronunciation: [ˈdeːlɪtʃ] ⓘ; Slavic: delč or delcz for hill) is a town in Saxony in Germany, 20 km north of Leipzig and 30 km east of Halle (Saale). With 24,850 inhabitants at the end of 2015, it is the largest town in the district of Nordsachsen.

Archaeological evidence outside the town limits points to a settlement dating from the Neolithic Age. The first documented mention of Delitzsch dates from 1166 and it later became the Elector of Saxony's residence in the 17th and 18th centuries. The old town is well preserved, with several plazas, citizens' and patrician houses, towers, a baroque castle and the town's fortifications.

Delitzsch and its surrounding area contain water areas, hiking and cycling networks and nature reserves.

Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch
Franz Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch, also Hermann Schulze, (29 August 1808 – 29 April 1883) was a German politician and economist. He was responsible for the organizing of the world's first credit unions. He was also co-founder of the German Progress Party.
Avenida de Mayo
May Avenue (Spanish: Avenida de Mayo) is an avenue in Buenos Aires, capital of Argentina. It connects the Plaza de Mayo with Congressional Plaza, and extends 1.5 km (0.93 mi) in a west–east direction before merging into Rivadavia Avenue.

Avenida Rivadavia
Avenida Rivadavia is one of the principal thoroughfares in Buenos Aires, Argentina, extending 23 miles (37 km)  from downtown Buenos Aires to the western suburb of Merlo. It is considered the third longest avenue in the world after Yonge Street (Toronto) and Western Avenue (Chicago).
Rabbitfish
Rabbitfishes or spinefoots, genus Siganus, are perciform fishes in the family Siganidae. It is the only extant genus in its family and has 29  species. In some now obsolete classifications, the species having prominent face stripes—colloquially called foxfaces–are in the genus Lo. Other species, such as the masked spinefoot (S. puellus), show a reduced form of the stripe pattern. Rabbitfishes are native to shallow waters in the Indo-Pacific, but S. luridus and S. rivulatus have become established in the eastern Mediterranean via Lessepsian migration. They are commercially important food fish, and can be used in the preparation of dishes such as bagoong.

Dusky spinefoot
The dusky spinefoot (Siganus luridus), also known as the squaretail rabbitfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a rabbitfish belonging to the family Siganidae. It is native to the western Indian Ocean which has spread to the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal (Lessepsian migration). Its fin spines contain venom. It is regarded as a food fish.
Extensive stage
Extensive stage, or by its full name, the predominantly extensive stage of accumulation, pertains to one of the periodizations of capitalism, as proposed by Aglietta (1976). It is the first stage of capitalism. It is also known as the early stage.

During the extensive stage, room exists for the growth of production and capitalist means of production, including wages and modes of labor. It is characterized by high rates of economic growth. When the extensive stage ends, it is followed by the intensive stage (intensive accumulation).

Karl Marx described this stage as exhibited in England as "The so-called primitive accumulation".

Periodizations of capitalism
A periodization of capitalism seeks to distinguish stages of development that help understanding of features of capitalism through time. The best-known periodizations that have been proposed distinguish these stages as:

Early / monopoly / state monopoly capitalism (Sweezy)

Free trade / monopoly / finance capitalism (Hilferding)

Early capitalism (primitive accumulation) / colonialism / imperialism (Hobson, Lenin, Bukharin)

Extensive stage / intensive stage / late capitalism (Aglietta)

The Marxist periodization of capitalism into the stages: agricultural capitalism, merchant capitalism, industrial capitalism and state capitalism.

Another periodization includes merchant capitalism, industrial and finance capitalism, and global capitalism.
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada, S.A.D., known as Flexicar Fuenlabrada because of sponsorship reasons, or just as Fuenlabrada, is a professional basketball team based in Fuenlabrada, Spain. The team plays in the Primera FEB and plays their home games at Fernando Martín.

Walter Herrmann
Walter Herrmann Heinrich (born 26 June 1979) is an Argentine former professional basketball player. He is listed at 6'9" and 225 lbs. He was a key member of the senior men's Argentine national basketball team that won the gold medal during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games.
2017–18 European windstorm season
The 2017–2018 European windstorm season was the third instance of seasonal European windstorm naming. France, Spain and Portugal took part in winter storm naming for the first time this season.

The season started on 12 September 2017 with the formation of Storm Aileen. It was subsequently marked by many high-impact storms which caused severe loss of life and widespread damage, including Ophelia, Eleanor, David and Emma. The season concluded on 17 June 2018 with the dissipation of off-season Storm Hector.

Storm Eleanor (2018)
Storm Eleanor (known as Cyclone Burglind in Germany) was an extratropical cyclone and European windstorm that affected Ireland, the United Kingdom, France, Benelux, Germany, Austria and Switzerland on the 2–3 January 2018. The storm caused extensive damage and traffic disruption. It was given the name Eleanor by Met Éireann and the UK Met Office, while the Free University of Berlin named the low pressure Burglind.
Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain. It is divided into two layers, the superficial area adjacent to the epidermis called the papillary region and a deep thicker area known as the reticular dermis.  The dermis is tightly connected to the epidermis through a basement membrane. Structural components of the dermis are collagen, elastic fibers, and extrafibrillar matrix. It also contains mechanoreceptors that provide the sense of touch and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands (oil glands), apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels, nerves and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells.

Cutis (anatomy)
Cutis, often termed the "true skin", is composed of the epidermis and the dermis. The dermis contains blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles. The epidermis and the dermis contain sensory nerve endings to detect changes in the environment. The cutis is the layer located above the subcutis.
Serge Obolensky
Prince Sergei Platonovich Obolensky Neledinsky-Meletzky (November 3, 1890 – September 29, 1978), known as Serge Obolensky, was a Russian-born aristocrat then American citizen, U.S. Army colonel, socialite and publicist. He served as vice chairman of the board of directors of the Hilton Hotels Corporation.

Catherine Dolgorukova
Princess Catherine Dolgorukova (Russian: Екатери́на Миха́йловна Долгору́кова, romanized: Yekaterína Mikháyilovna Dolgorúkova; 14 November [O.S. 2 November] 1847 – 15 February 1922) was a Russian aristocrat and the daughter of Prince Michael Dolgorukov and his wife, Vera Vishnevskaya.

Catherine was a long-time mistress of Tsar Alexander II and later, as his morganatic wife, was given the title of Princess Yurievskaya (Russian: Светлéйшая княги́ня Ю́рьевская).

Alexander and Catherine already had three children when they formed a morganatic marriage on 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1880, after the death of the Emperor's wife, Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, on 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1880. A fourth child had died in infancy. Catherine became a widow with the assassination of Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 by members of Narodnaya Volya.
Fort Pienc
Fort Pienc (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈfɔrt piˈɛŋ(k)]) is a neighborhood in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Its name stems from a former military fortification which existed there until the 19th century called Fort Pius, Pienc is an adjective in  Catalan meaning related to the name Pius. There has been a strong Chinese presence in the area since the 2000s. The Arc de Triomf is the main attraction in the area, located in Passeig de Lluís Companys-Passeig de Sant Joan, while L'Auditori is an important concert hall. The National Theatre of Catalonia is another of its cultural centres, as is the General Archive of the Crown of Aragon, near Parc de l'Estació del Nord. The General Catalana de Electricidad building is a fine piece of modernisme or local Art Nouveau architecture. La Monumental is the only extant bullring in the city.

Eixample
The Eixample (Catalan: [əˈʃamplə] 'Expansion'; Spanish: Ensanche [enˈsantʃe]) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu, etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its population was 262,000 at the last census (2005).
The Cincinnati Enquirer
The Cincinnati Enquirer is a morning daily newspaper published by USA Today Co. in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. First published in 1841, the Enquirer is the last remaining daily newspaper in Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky, although the daily Journal-News competes with the Enquirer in the northern suburbs. The Enquirer has the highest circulation of any print publication in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. A daily local edition for Northern Kentucky is published as The Kentucky Enquirer. In addition to the Cincinnati Enquirer and Kentucky Enquirer, USA Today Co. publishes a variety of print and electronic periodicals in the Cincinnati area, including 16 Community Press weekly newspapers, 10 Community Recorder weekly newspapers, and OurTown magazine. The Enquirer is available online at the Cincinnati.com website. The paper has won two Pulitzer Prizes, in 1991 and 2018.

The Cincinnati Times-Star
The Cincinnati Times-Star was an afternoon daily newspaper in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, from 1880 to 1958. The Northern Kentucky edition was known as The Kentucky Times-Star, and a Sunday edition was known as The Sunday Times-Star. The Times-Star was owned by the Taft family and originally edited by Charles Phelps Taft, then, by his nephew, Hulbert Taft, Sr. The Taft family's investments in news media would later grow into Taft Broadcasting, a conglomerate that owned radio, television, and entertainment properties nationwide.
Luodian County
Luodian County (simplified Chinese: 罗甸县; traditional Chinese: 羅甸縣; pinyin: Luódiàn Xiàn) (Bouyei language: Lachos xianq) is a county under the administration of Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Guizhou province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south.

The climate in the area is humid subtropical, with strong monsoon influences bringing heavy rain during the summer. Winters are dry due to the influence of the Siberian high-pressure system.

The county seat and the largest town in the county is also named Luodian; it was formerly known as Longping.

The county is frequented by both Chinese and foreign geologists, with the core area of work called Big Guizhoutan, or Big Guizhou Shoal.  This has been called a "treasure land for Triassic Period research."

Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 黔南布依族苗族自治州; pinyin: Qiánnán Bùyīzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu; Buyei: Qianfnanf Buxqyaix Buxyeeuz ziqziqzouy; Hmu: Qeef Naif Dol Yat Dol Hmub Zid Zid Zeb) is an autonomous prefecture of Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, bordering Guangxi to the south. The prefecture's seat is Duyun, while its area is 26,192 km2 (10,113 sq mi). The name "黔南" derives from the prefecture's south-central location in the province; "黔" is the official abbreviation for Guizhou, while "南" means "south".
West Pasco, Washington
West Pasco is a census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin County, Washington, United States. The population was 1,747 at the 2020 census, a significant decrease from 3,739 at the 2010 census.

Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, West Pasco ranks 47th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. It is also the highest rank achieved in Franklin County. The city of Pasco, Washington, as of 2012, was attempting to annex all of West Pasco, although there was some resistance.

Franklin County, Washington
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 96,749, and was estimated to be 101,238 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Pasco.

The county was formed out of Whitman County on November 28, 1883, and is named for Benjamin Franklin.

Franklin County is included in the Tri-Cities metropolitan area. Together, Kennewick, Richland and Pasco comprise Washington's Tri-Cities.
ARIS Express
ARIS Express is a free-of-charge modeling tool for business process analysis and management. It supports different modeling notations such as BPMN 2, Event-driven Process Chains (EPC), Organizational charts, process landscapes, whiteboards, etc. ARIS Express was initially developed by IDS Scheer, which was bought by Software AG in December 2010. The tool is provided as freeware on the ARIS Community webpage. ARIS Express is notable - having been mentioned in research published by Schumm, Garcia, Krumnow  and Greenwood  amongst others.

Software AG
Software GmbH, trading as Software AG, is a German multinational software corporation that develops enterprise software for business process management, integration, and big data analytics. Founded in 1969, the company is headquartered in Darmstadt, Germany, and has offices worldwide.

In 2023, Silver Lake and Bain Capital made separate offers to buy the German company. In June, Software AG had most of its controlling interest acquired by Silver Lake, in a deal valued at 2.4 billion euros.
South San Francisco Ferry Terminal
The  South San Francisco Ferry Terminal is the only operating ferry terminal in San Mateo County, California. Boats are operated there by the San Francisco Bay Ferry company, and connect the city of South San Francisco to the Oakland Ferry Terminal in Jack London Square as well as Alameda, California.

Construction began in 2009 and the ferry service started on June 4, 2012. While a ferry service between San Francisco and ports to the south existed as far south as San Jose and Alviso during the 1800s, most passengers to Peninsula destinations took the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad after it was completed in 1864 as part of the transcontinental railway.

South San Francisco, California
South San Francisco is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. The city is colloquially termed "South City". The population was 66,105 at the 2020 census.
Alone in the World (Bouguereau)
Alone in the World (French: Seule au Monde) is an oil-on-canvas painting created by nineteenth-century French artist William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Although the exact year of creation is unknown, Theo van Gogh acquired it in 1867 so it may be placed in the early part of Bouguereau's career.

The painting depicts a peasant girl holding a violin and standing on a bridge over the Seine in Paris.  She is looking to her left with a melancholy expression.  The cathedral of Notre Dame can be seen in the background, as well as a bridge which appears to be the Pont Royal.  This indicates that the girl is standing on the Pont de Solférino.

William-Adolphe Bouguereau
William-Adolphe Bouguereau (French pronunciation: [ˈwiljam ˈadɔlf ˈbuɡ(ə)ʁo]; 30 November 1825 – 19 August 1905) was a French academic painter. In his realistic genre paintings, he used mythological themes, making modern interpretations of classical subjects, with an emphasis on the female human body. During his life, he enjoyed significant popularity in France and the United States, was given numerous official honors, and received top prices for his work. As the quintessential salon painter of his generation, he was reviled by the Impressionist avant-garde. By the early twentieth century, Bouguereau and his art fell out of favor with the public, due in part to changing tastes. In the 1980s, a revival of interest in figure painting led to a rediscovery of Bouguereau and his work. He finished 822 known paintings, but the whereabouts of many are still unknown.
Doroteo Vasconcelos
Doroteo Vasconcelos Valle (6 February 1803 – 10 March 1883) was a Salvadoran politician who served as President of El Salvador for two non-consecutive terms between 1848 and 1851. Vasconcelos was close friend of Honduran general Francisco Morazán. He tried to invade Guatemala and defeat general Rafael Carrera on 2 February 1851 but he was defeated. After defeat, he retired from public life.

Mariano Paredes (Guatemalan politician)
Mariano Paredes (1800–1856) was President of Guatemala  from January 1, 1849 to November 6, 1851 as a compromise chief of state. Paredes, an army colonel, came to power after Rafael Carrera was ineffective in quelling uprisings in eastern Guatemala and short-term governments failed to restore order. But Mariano Paredes was unable to control Guatemala.
Hindley–Milner type system
A Hindley–Milner (HM) type system is a classical type system for the lambda calculus with parametric polymorphism. It is also known as Damas–Milner or Damas–Hindley–Milner. It was first described by J. Roger Hindley and later rediscovered by Robin Milner. Luis Damas contributed a close formal analysis and proof of the method in his PhD thesis.

Among HM's more notable properties are its completeness and its ability to infer the most general type of a given program without programmer-supplied type annotations or other hints. Algorithm W is an efficient type inference method in practice and has been successfully applied on large code bases, although it has a high theoretical complexity. HM is preferably used for functional programming languages. It was first implemented as part of the type system of the programming language ML. Since then, HM has been extended in various ways, most notably with type class constraints like those in Haskell.

Typing rule
In type theory, a typing rule is an inference rule that describes how a type system assigns a type to a syntactic construction.: 94  These rules may be applied by the type system to determine if a program is well-typed and what type expressions have.  A prototypical example of the use of typing rules is in defining type inference in the simply typed lambda calculus, which is the internal language of Cartesian closed categories.
Lufthansa Cargo Flight 8460
Lufthansa Cargo Flight 8460 was an international cargo flight which crashed upon landing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on 27 July 2010. Both crew members, the only people on board, were injured but survived.

Bounced landing
In aviation, a bounced landing is a behavior of an aircraft that can develop after aircraft touching the runway or water surface, and defined as all aircraft wheels or floats briefly and sometimes repeatedly losing contact with the runway or water surface during landing.
Marta (given name)
Marta is a female given name derived from the Aramaic name ܡܳܪܬܳܐ (Mârtâ, in Syriac script, מָרְתָא in Hebrew script), which translates as "the lady" in English. It had the male form "Martinus" in Roman culture. It has been described as a cognate of Martha.

The name Marta should not be confused with the similar-looking Swedish name Märta, which derives from the Greek name Margaret and means "pearl".

Martha (given name)
Martha is a feminine given name (Latin from Ancient Greek Μάρθα (Mártha), from Aramaic מרתא (Mārtā) "the mistress" or "the lady", from מרה "mistress", feminine of מרי "master"). Patti, Patsy, and Patty were in use in Colonial America as English rhyming diminutives of the diminutive Mattie. Molly has been used as a diminutive of Martha since the 18th century.

Variants in different languages:

Maata (Māori)

Марфа (Marfa) (Russian and Belarusian), formerly spelled "Марѳа" from the Greek version of the name, that the Russians assimilate in F

Márta (Hungarian)

Marta, Martha (Indonesian)

Marta (Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish)

Марта (Marta) (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ukrainian)

Marthe (French, German, Dutch)

Martta (Finnish)

Moireach (Scottish Gaelic)

Morta (Lithuanian)