hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
Spain was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 with the song "Contigo hasta el final", written by Raquel del Rosario, David Feito, and Juan Luis Suárez, and performed by themselves under their stage name ESDM. The Spanish participating broadcaster, Radiotelevisión Española (RTVE), selected its entry through a national final, after having previously selected the band internally. RTVE announced ESDM as its representative on 17 December 2012, while the national final El Sueño de Morfeo: Destino Eurovisión was organised in order to select the song ESDM would perform. Three songs, one selected through an Internet public vote, competed in the televised show where an in-studio jury and a public televote selected "Contigo hasta el final" as the winning song.

As a member of the "Big Five", Spain automatically qualified to compete in the final of the Eurovision Song Contest. Performing in position 5, Spain placed twenty-fifth out of the 26 participating countries with 8 points.

Contigo hasta el final
"Contigo hasta el final" (Spanish pronunciation: [konˈtiɣo ˈasta el fiˈnal], "With you until the end") is a song composed and recorded by Spanish band El Sueño de Morfeo –David Feito, Raquel del Rosario, and Juan Luis Suárez–. It represented Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013, placing twenty-fifth.
Rifkat Bogdanov
Rifkat Ibragimovich Bogdanov (Russian: Рифка́т Ибраги́мович Богда́нов; June 13, 1950 – November 3, 2013) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician known for contributions to nonlinear dynamical systems, bifurcation theory, and differential geometry. He was an ethnic Tatar. In his work on bifurcations of limit cycles and versal deformations of singular points of vector fields (1975–76), he described a bifurcation of co-dimension 2, which has become known in the literature as the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation.

Born in the village of Mamykovo in Tatarstan, Bogdanov had a doctorate under the supervision of Vladimir Arnold in physico-mathematical sciences and was a professor in two Russian research organizations: the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics at Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Department of Higher Mathematics at MATI — the Tsiolkovskii State Technological University.

Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation
In bifurcation theory, a field within mathematics, a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is a well-studied example of a bifurcation with co-dimension two, meaning that two parameters must be varied for the bifurcation to occur. It is named after Rifkat Bogdanov and Floris Takens, who independently and simultaneously described this bifurcation.

A system y' = f(y) undergoes a Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation if it has a fixed point and the linearization of f around that point has a double eigenvalue at zero (assuming that some technical nondegeneracy conditions are satisfied).

Three codimension-one bifurcations occur nearby: a saddle-node bifurcation, an Andronov–Hopf bifurcation and a homoclinic bifurcation. All associated bifurcation curves meet at the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation.

The normal form of the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation is

There exist two codimension-three degenerate Takens–Bogdanov bifurcations, also known as Dumortier–Roussarie–Sotomayor bifurcations.
Middleton Formation
The Middleton Formation is a geological formation that extends through the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. It overlies the lower Abrahamskraal Formation, and is the eastern correlate, East of 24ºE, of the Teekloof Formation. Outcrops and exposures of the Middleton Formation range from Graaff-Reinet in the Eastern Cape onwards. The Middleton Formation's type locality lies near the small hamlet, Middleton, approximately 25 km south of Cookhouse. Other exposures lie in hillsides along the Great Fish River in the Eastern Cape. The Middleton Formation forms part of the Adelaide Subgroup of the Beaufort Group, which itself forms part of the Karoo Supergroup.

Beaufort Group
The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup  in South Africa. It is composed of a lower Adelaide Subgroup and an upper Tarkastad Subgroup. It follows conformably after the Ecca Group and unconformably underlies the Stormberg Group. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic correlations, palynological analyses, and other means of geological dating, the Beaufort Group rocks are considered to range between Middle Permian (Wordian) to Early Triassic (Anisian) in age.
Verve Energy
Verve Energy was a Western Australian Government owned corporation responsible for operating the state's electricity generators on the state's South West Interconnected System (SWIS).

It was split from the then vertically integrated Western Power Corporation in 2006, during reforms to the state's electricity sector. The company was merged into Synergy in 2014.

Synergy (electricity corporation)
Synergy is a corporation owned by the Government of Western Australia. Synergy is Western Australia (WA)’s largest energy retailer and generator with more than one million industrial, commercial and residential customers, generating total annual revenue of more than $3.2 billion (2014/15 financial year).
Marjorie Rosen
Marjorie Rosen is an American author, journalist, screenwriter, and professor best known for her 1973 book Popcorn Venus: Women, Movies and the American Dream. Rosen currently teaches Journalism at Lehman College in New York.

Lehman College
Lehman College (/ˈliːmən/ LEE-mən) is a public college in New York City, United States. Founded in 1931 as the Bronx campus of Hunter College, it became an independent college in 1967. The college is named after Herbert H. Lehman, a former New York governor, United States senator, and philanthropist. It is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY) and offers more than 90 undergraduate and graduate degree programs and specializations.
Pixel Camera
Pixel Camera is a camera phone application developed by Google for the Android operating system on Google Pixel devices. Development with zoom lenses for the application began in 2011 at the Google X research incubator led by Marc Levoy, which was developing image fusion technology for Google Glass. It was publicly released for Android 4.4+ on the Google Play on April 16, 2014. The app was initially released as Google Camera and supported on all devices running Android 4.4 KitKat and higher. However, in October 2023, coinciding with the release of the Pixel 8 series, it was renamed to Pixel Camera and became officially supported only on Google Pixel devices.

Google Pixel
Google Pixel is a brand of portable consumer electronic devices that is developed by Google that runs the Pixel version of the Android operating system or the ChromeOS operating system. The primary line of Pixel products consists of Android-powered smartphones, produced since October 2016 as the replacement for the older Nexus line, with the current models being the Pixel 10, Pixel 10 Pro, Pixel 10 Pro XL, Pixel 10 Pro Fold, and Pixel 10a. The Pixel brand also includes laptop and tablet computers, as well as several accessories, and was originally introduced in February 2013 with the Chromebook Pixel.
Idhu Namma Aalu (2016 film)
Idhu Namma Aalu (lit. 'He is our man'; coll. She is my lover) is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written, co-produced and directed by Pandiraj. The film stars Silambarasan, Nayantara and Andrea Jeremiah, while Soori and Jayaprakash portray supporting roles. This film was produced by T. Rajender and music was composed by Kuralarasan. In the film, Shiva is an IT professional in Chennai. His father arranges a meeting with Myla. Though skeptical about arranged marriages, Shiva is instantly smitten by Myla's beauty and direct nature.

This film released on 27 May 2016 was highly anticipated from audience and opened with mixed reviews but became an above average success at the box office. The film was partially reshot in Telugu as Sarasudu (2017) with Soori and Satyam Rajesh swapping roles.

Soori (actor)
Ramalakshmanan Muthuchamy Thevar (born 27 August 1977), professionally known as Soori, is an Indian actor and comedian who predominantly appears in Tamil cinema. Debuting in 1998, he acted in several uncredited roles before his major breakthrough in Vennila Kabadi Kuzhu (2009), where he earned the moniker Parotta Soori. After a decade as a comedian, his dramatic turn as a lead actor in Vetrimaaran's Viduthalai Part 1 (2023) received critical acclaim.
Nyayo National Stadium
Nyayo National Stadium is a 18,000-seater multipurpose stadium in Nairobi, Kenya. It is located at the square of Mombasa Road, Langata Road, and the Aerodrome Road. It is approximately two kilometers from the City Center, directly opposite Nairobi Mega Mall, formerly known as Nakumatt Mega. It is currently mostly used for football matches hosting AFC Leopards football club. Rugby union club Mwamba RFC used to use the stadium for home games. The stadium has also hosted other sports events such as athletics, swimming, and also a popular venue for various national ceremonies, most common of which are National Holiday celebrations. Other facilities at the stadium include a gymnasium and a 50-metre swimming pool. The stadium houses the headquarters for the Football Kenya Federation and Athletics Kenya.

Athletics Kenya
Athletics Kenya (AK) is the governing body for the sport of athletics (track and field) in Kenya. It is a member of World Athletics and Confederation of African Athletics. AK organises athletics competitions held in Kenya. It also sends Kenyan teams to international championships. Jackson Tuwei is the current chairman of Athletics Kenya. AK is headquartered in Riadha House, next to Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi.
Scalene muscles
The scalene muscles are a group of three muscles on each side of the  neck, identified as the anterior, the middle, and the posterior.  They are innervated by the third to the eighth cervical spinal nerves (C3-C8).

The anterior and middle scalene muscles lift the first rib and bend the neck to the side they are on. The posterior scalene lifts the second rib and tilts the neck to the same side.

The muscles are named from the Ancient Greek σκαληνός (skalēnós), meaning 'uneven'.

Sternocleidomastoid muscle
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the accessory nerve.
John Kolius
John Waldrip Kolius (born April 1, 1951) is an American sailor. He won a silver medal in the Soling class with Walter Glasgow and Richard Hoepfner at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In 1987 and 2000 he competed at the Louis Vuitton Cup. Kolius began sailing at the age of 5 when his father introduced the family to sailing as a way to spend time together. John's first boat was a Sunfish and he grew up sailing at the Houston Yacht Club through the Ragnot program. In 1968, John won his first major championship, the US Sailing Triplehanded Championship for the Sears Cup. He was 17 years old. Two years later at the age of 19, Kolius won the US Sailing Senior Championship for the Mallory Trophy. It was not too long after that he began sailing Solings and preparing for the Olympics. In 1975, John won the Soling North Americans and in 1976 an Olympic silver medal. In 2023, he was inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame

Kolius was born in Houston, Texas.

Richard Hoepfner
Richard Hoepfner (born November 14, 1944) is an American sailor. He won a silver medal in the Soling Class with John Kolius and Walter Glasgow at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Hoepfner was born in Houston, Texas.
Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei'
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei', also known as  Ulmus × hollandica 'Dampieri Aurea' and sometimes marketed as Golden Elm, originated as a sport of the cultivar 'Dampieri' at the Alt-Geltow Arboretum, near Potsdam, Germany, in 1875.

Not to be confused with two other popular cultivars named 'Golden Elm', Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' and Ulmus 'Louis van Houtte'.

Ulmus × hollandica 'Dampieri'
The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Dampieri', one of a number of cultivars arising from the crossing of the Wych Elm U. glabra with a variety of Field Elm U. minor, is believed to have originated in continental Europe. It was marketed in Wetteren, Belgium, in 1851 as 'Orme de Dampier', then in the Low Countries in 1853, and later identified as Ulmus campestris var. nuda subvar. fastigiata Dampieri Hort., Vilv. by Wesmael (1862).
Marbella FC
Marbella Fútbol Club, formerly known as Unión Deportiva Marbella, is a Spanish football team based in Marbella, the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1997, it currently plays in Primera Federación – Group 2, playing home matches at Dama de Noche football ground.

CA Marbella
Club Atlético Marbella were a Spanish football team based in Marbella, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1947 and dissolved in 1997, it served as the reserve team of CD Málaga in the past.
Maya Pedersen-Bieri
Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 27 November 1972 in Spiez) is a Swiss-Norwegian skeleton racer who has competed since 1995. She won the gold medal in the women's skeleton event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.  She retired from the sport in 2010 before returning to compete for Norway (the country of her husband and coach, Snorre Pedersen) in 2016, becoming at the oldest woman to start a World Cup race when she returned to the top level of skeleton in 2017. She is listed in the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation athlete registration system as Maya Pedersen.

Born in Spiez, Switzerland, Pedersen-Bieri is married to Snorre Pedersen (who is her trainer), has two children, both of her children are females and lives in Øyer Municipality near Lillehammer, Norway.

Spiez
Spiez (German pronunciation: ['ʃpiət͡s]) is a town and municipality on the shore of Lake Thun in the Bernese Oberland region of the Swiss canton of Bern. It is part of the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district. Besides the town of Spiez, the municipality also includes the settlements of Einigen, Hondrich, Faulensee, and Spiezwiler.

The official language of Spiez is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.
Holy Trinity Church, Clandown
Holy Trinity Church is a former Church of England church in Clandown, Somerset, England. Designed by George Phillips Manners, it was built in 1846–47 and closed in 1983. The church, now a private residence, is a Grade II listed building.

George Phillips Manners
George Phillips Manners (1789 – 28 November 1866) was a British architect, who was Bath City Architect from 1823 to 1862.

In his early career, he worked with Charles Harcourt Masters, and after about 1845 was in partnership with J. E. Gill.  He retired in 1862.
Wolfsburg Castle
The Wolfsburg is a medieval lowland and water castle in North Germany that was first mentioned in the records in 1302, but has since been turned into a Renaissance schloss or palace. It is located in eastern Lower Saxony in the town of Wolfsburg named after it and in whose possession it has been since 1961. The Wolfsburg developed from a tower house on the River Aller into a water castle with the character of a fortification. In the 17th century it was turned into a representative, but nevertheless defensible palace that was the northernmost example of the Weser Renaissance style. Its founder and builder was the noble family of von Bartensleben. After their line died out in 1742 the Wolfsburg was inherited by the counts of Schulenburg.

Water castle
A water castle, sometimes water-castle, is a castle which incorporates a natural or artificial body of water into its defences. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbodies such as island castles in a river or offshore. The term comes from European castle studies, mainly German Burgenkunde. Some interpretations of the category emphasise that the use of water extends beyond a defensive purpose. When stately homes were built in such a location, or a Wasserburg was later rebuilt as a residential manor, the German term becomes Wasserschloss, lit. "water palace/manor".
Philippa of Champagne
Philippa of Champagne (French: Philippe de Champagne) (c. 1197 – 20 December 1250) was the third daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Count Henry II of Champagne. She was the wife of Erard de Brienne-Ramerupt, who encouraged her in 1216 to claim the county of Champagne which belonged to her cousin Theobald IV, who was still a minor. This provoked the conflict with Theobald's mother, the Regent, Blanche of Navarre, which erupted into open warfare, and came to be known as the Champagne War of Succession. Blanche's son Theobald, who had the support of King Philip II of France, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eudes III of Burgundy, eventually emerged the victor. Philippa renounced her claim in April 1222, but Theobald was constrained to pay Erard and Philippa a large monetary settlement for his rights to the county.

War of the Succession of Champagne
The War of the Succession of Champagne was a war from 1216 to 1222 between the nobles of the Champagne region of France, occurring within that region and also spilling over into neighboring duchies.  The war lasted two years and de facto ended in 1218, but did not officially end until Theobald IV reached the age of majority in 1222, at which point his rivals abandoned their claims.
Excalibur (Arizona)
Excalibur is a formation on the north rim of the Grand Canyon in Coconino County, Arizona. It was named by cartographer and geologist François E. Matthes in 1908 for Excalibur, the legendary sword of King Arthur which was given to him by the Lady of the Lake. Other features in the area include the Holy Grail Temple, King Arthur Castle, Guinevere Castle, Elaine Castle, and Galahad Point whose names refer to the Arthurian legend. The name probably refers to a spire near the summit of the promontory which might resemble the handle of Excalibur.

King Arthur Castle
King Arthur Castle is a 7,344-foot-elevation (2,238-meter) summit located in the Grand Canyon, in Coconino County of northern Arizona, US. It is situated one-half mile northwest of Guinevere Castle, one mile west of Excalibur, and two miles east-southeast of Holy Grail Temple, within the Shinumo Amphitheater. Topographic relief is significant as it rises over 5,100 feet (1,600 meters) above the Colorado River in 4.5 miles (7.2 km). According to the Köppen climate classification system, King Arthur Castle is located in a cold semi-arid climate zone, with precipitation runoff draining west to the Colorado River via Shinumo Creek.
St Catherine's Hill, Hampshire
51°02′47″N 01°18′38″W﻿ / ﻿51.04639°N 1.31056°W﻿ / 51.04639; -1.31056

St. Catherine's Hill is a chalk downland hill and 43-hectare (110-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the outskirts of Winchester in Hampshire, England. It is owned by Winchester College but open to the public. It is managed by Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, and topped by an Iron Age hillfort, a scheduled monument. In the Black Death, plague pits were dug in the dry valley on the south side of the hill. In the Early modern period, a mizmaze was cut on the hilltop. Winchester College football used to be played on the hill; in an old custom, members of the college assemble on the hill every year, early in the morning.

Geologically, the hill is part of a local anticline in the chalk, which is of Turonian age in the Upper Cretaceous. The local ecology is dominated by the chalk, which results in a thin dark soil, a rendzina, which favours lime-loving plants from orchids to bellflowers.

Mizmaze
Mizmaze (or Miz-Maze or Miz Maze) is the name given to two of England's eight surviving historic turf mazes, and also to a third, presumably once similar site (at Leigh in Dorset) that is now merely a relic. Of the two which survive, one is at Breamore,50°58′54″N 1°48′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.9817°N 1.8001°W﻿ / 50.9817; -1.8001 in Hampshire; the other is on top of St Catherine's Hill, overlooking the city of Winchester, Hampshire.

A mizmaze forms a pattern unlike conventional mazes and is classed as a labyrinth because the path has no junctions or crossings. The pattern appears more like a very long rope, neatly arranged to fill the area.
Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act 2020
The Divorce, Dissolution and Separation Act 2020 (c. 11) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which amends existing laws relating to divorce to allow for no-fault divorce in England and Wales.

The government held that the changes were the biggest reform of England and Wales's divorce laws since the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973, and that the laws would reduce the impact that allegations of blame could have on families, as under previous law one spouse was required to make accusations about the other's conduct in order to be granted a divorce.

No-fault divorce
No-fault divorce is the dissolution of a marriage that does not require a showing of wrongdoing by either party. Laws providing for no-fault divorce allow a family court to grant a divorce in response to a petition by either party of the marriage without requiring the petitioner to provide evidence that the defendant has committed a breach of the marital contract.
Heart for Sale
Heart for Sale is the second studio album by Belgian singer-songwriter, Tom Dice. It was released on 3 May 2012. The album reached number 11 in Belgium. The album includes the singles "Utopia", "Out At Sea", "Drive Me to Paris" and "Let Me In".

Out at Sea
"Out At Sea" is a song performed by Belgian singer-songwriter Tom Dice, released as the second single from his second studio album Heart for Sale. It was released on 4 May 2012 as a digital download in Belgium on iTunes. The song was written by Jeroen Swinnen, Tom Dice and Dazzled Kid.
Rodman Philbrick
Rodman Philbrick (born January 22, 1951) is an American writer of novels for adults and children. He has written popular children's books such as Freak the Mighty, Max the Mighty, The Last Book in the Universe, and has written other mysteries and thrillers for adults.

The Last Book in the Universe
The Last Book in the Universe is a 2000 post-apocalyptic science fiction novel by Rodman Philbrick. Set in a cyberpunk dystopia, its protagonist and narrator is a teenage boy named Spaz who has epilepsy.
Jengre
Jengre is a town in Pengana Chiefdom, Jere District, Bassa LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. It is one of the Jere settlements. It is located in the northern region of Bassa LGA, bordering Kaduna State from the north at Kan'iyaka. Jengre is the headquarter of Pengana Chiefdom and home to the paramount ruler of the chiefdom, Ogomo Pengana. The Ogomo palace was built in Jere town of Jengre around 1952 and has since become the permanent residence of the chiefdom's ruler.

Bassa, Plateau State
Bassa is a Local Government Area in the north of Plateau State, Nigeria, bordering Kaduna and Bauchi States. Its headquarters are in the town of Bassa at9°56′00″N 8°44′00″E﻿ / ﻿9.93333°N 8.73333°E﻿ / 9.93333; 8.73333.

It has an area of 1,743 km2 with other small towns like Miango, Mc Alley; originally called Biciza, Jengre, villages such as Binchin, Zukku, Kwal, Saya, Gurum among many others and a population of 186,859 at the 2006 census. Bassa local government houses the Nigerian Army 3 Division, Maxwell Khobe Cantonment as well as a police station and the First bank of Nigeria.

The postal code of the area is 930.