hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Nepomuceno
David Ramos Nepomuceno (May 9, 1900 – September 27, 1939) was the first Filipino to compete in the Olympics. He was a runner and the sole representative of the Philippines at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. Nepomuceno also served as a sailor in the United States Navy and died in the line of duty. In 1925, Nepomuceno ran the 100 meters in only two-tenths of a second short of the then-world record.

Fortunato Catalon
Fortunato Catalon (4 February 1898 – 2 July 1977) was a Filipino track and field sprinter, who was active in the first half of 1900s. He was selected for the first Philippine delegation to the 1924 Olympics (although he did not participate in the games due to illness after arriving in Paris). In 1973, he received special citation from the Asian Amateur Athletic Association as one of the top athletes in Asia for his record in track and field during the first two decades of the 20th century.
The Berenstain Bears' Easter Surprise
The Berenstain Bears' Easter Surprise is an Easter-themed animated television special based on the Berenstain Bears children's book series by Stan and Jan Berenstain. Produced by Buzz Potamkin and Hal Hoffer, and directed by Mordicai Gerstein and Al Kouzel, the program made its debut on NBC on April 14, 1981.

Berenstain Bears
The Berenstain Bears is a children's literature franchise created by Stan and Jan Berenstain and continued by their son, Mike Berenstain. The books feature a family of anthropomorphic grizzly bears who generally learn a moral or safety-related lesson in the course of each story.

Since the 1962 debut of the first Berenstain Bears book, The Big Honey Hunt, the series has grown to over 400 titles, which have sold approximately 260 million copies in 23 languages. The Berenstain Bears franchise has also expanded well beyond the books, encompassing television series and a wide variety of other products and licenses. While enjoying decades of popularity and receiving numerous awards, the series has been criticized for its perceived saccharine tone and formulaic storytelling.
National City, California
National City is a city in the South Bay region of southwestern San Diego County, California, United States. The population was 56,173 at the 2020 United States census, down from 58,582 at the 2010 census. National City is the second-oldest city in San Diego County, having been incorporated in 1887.

Sweetwater River (California)
The Sweetwater River is a 55-mile (89 km) long stream in San Diego County, California, USA. From its headwaters high in the Cuyamaca Mountains, the river flows generally southwest, first through rugged hinterlands but then into the urban areas surrounding its mouth at San Diego Bay. Its drainage basin covers more than 230 square miles (600 km2), all of it within San Diego County.

Towns on the river include Descanso, La Presa and Chula Vista. The term "Sweetwater" is a name often given to freshwater which tastes good in regions where much of the water is bitter to the taste. The Spanish called the river "Agua Dulce", a name they applied to good clear water anywhere they lived.
Prasopora
Prasopora is an extinct genus of bryozoan belonging to the family Monticuliporidae, known from the Middle Ordovician. Its colonies were disc-shaped or hemispherical, flat on bottom and convex on top, and had very abundant mesopores; in the case of the species P. insularis its zooecia (individual tubes housing the zooids) were isolated from each other by the numerous mesopores surrounding them. It is very similar to the genus Monticulipora, and some bryozoan species have been assigned to both genera at different points in their study, but it is mostly distinguished by having more mesozooecia, rounder autozooecial apertures, relatively few acanthostyles and diaphragms and cystiphragms equally distributed in the autozooecia.

Study of the species Prasopora simulatrix has provided insight into the speciation rate of bryozoans, revealing that some bryozoans evolved relatively quickly, in contrast to an earlier view of bryozoans as slowly evolving.

Monticuliporidae
Monticuliporidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Trepostomata, characterized by branching, encrusting, or massive colonies with regularly spaced bumps on their surfaces. It is one of the earliest bryozoan families to arise, known from the early Ordovician period, but disappears from the fossil record after the late Silurian period. Monticuliporidae had a widespread geographical range and many genera had cosmopolitan distribution.
History of Chinese Americans in Houston
The Houston area population includes a large number of people with Chinese ancestral backgrounds. According to the American Community Survey, as of 2013, Greater Houston (Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown metropolitan area) has 72,320 residents of Chinese origin.

East Downtown Houston
East Downtown Houston (EaDo) is a district in Houston, Texas. The East Downtown Management District (EDMD), manages the area with offices headquartered at START Houston, a co-working space 1121 Delano Street. The community is located east of Downtown Houston and north of Interstate 45 (Gulf Freeway). It is between the George R. Brown Convention Center and the East End district.

The Old Chinatown, an area within East Downtown bounded by Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59, Preston Street, St. Joseph Parkway, and Dowling Street (now Emancipation Avenue), is the older of the two Houston Chinatowns. The East Downtown Chinatown is not the same as the Chinatown in southwestern Houston.
Bø Church (Nordland)
Bø Church (Norwegian: Bø kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Bø i Vesterålen.  It is one of the churches for the Bø og Malnes parish which is part of the Vesterålen prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The red, wooden church was built in a cruciform style in 1824, using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 370 people.

Bø, Vesterålen
Bø or Vinje is a village in Bø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the southwest shore of the large island of Langøya, looking out towards the small island of Litløya. Norwegian County Road 820 runs through the village. Bø Church stands just east of the village.

The urban area of "Bø" is actually a name used by Statistics Norway to refer to the three smaller villages of Vinje, Steine, and Skagan which have grown together due to conurbation and now form one large urban area. The 0.8-square-kilometre (200-acre) village has a population (2023) of 589 and a population density of 736 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,910/sq mi).
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015
The Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (proposed as H.R. 4435, passed as H.R. 3979, Pub. L. 113–291 (text) (PDF)) was a National Defense Authorization Act. According to the House Armed Services Committee, which oversaw the legislation, the bill would be "the comprehensive legislation to authorize the budget authority of the Department of Defense and the national security programs of the Department of Energy." The total appropriations that are authorized amount to approximately $600 billion for fiscal year 2015.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress and signed into law on December 19, 2014.

Buck McKeon
Howard Philip "Buck" McKeon (born September 9, 1938) is an American politician who served as a U.S. representative from California's 25th congressional district from 1993 to 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is a former chairman of the House Armed Services Committee and the House Education Committee.
South Taranaki District
South Taranaki is a territorial authority on the west coast of New Zealand's North Island that contains the towns of Hāwera (the seat of the district), Manaia, Ōpunake, Patea, Eltham, and Waverley. The District has a land area of 3,575.46 km2 (1,380.49 sq mi) and a population of 29,800 (June 2025).  It is part of the greater Taranaki Region.

The district straddles the boundary separating the Wellington and Taranaki provinces, resulting in the town of Waverley celebrating Wellington Anniversary Day in January, and the town of Patea 15 kilometres away celebrating Taranaki Anniversary Day in March.

Council facilities include the South Taranaki LibraryPlus which includes libraries in Manaia, Kaponga, Patea, Eltham, Opunake, Hāwera and Waverley.

Hāwera
Hāwera is the second-largest centre in the Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of 10,700. It is near the coast of the South Taranaki Bight. The origins of the town lie in a government military base that was established in 1866, and the town of Hāwera grew up around a blockhouse in the early 1870s.

Hāwera is 75 kilometres south of New Plymouth on State Highway 3 and 30 minutes' drive from Mount Taranaki. It is located on State Highway 45, known as Surf Highway 45 for its numerous surf beaches. State Highway 45 passes through Manaia, Ōpunake and Oakura en route to New Plymouth. Kaponga is a 20-minute drive to the north-west. The Marton–New Plymouth Line railway passes through Hāwera and has served the town since 1 August 1881, though it has been freight-only since the cancellation of the last railcar passenger service between Wellington and New Plymouth on 30 July 1977.
Am Fraoch Eilean
Am Fraoch Eilean is an uninhabited island in the Sound of Jura, in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is 1 mile (2 kilometres) from Ardfin on Jura. Brosdale Island is located to the east. The name is Scottish Gaelic and means "the heather isle" and was formerly called "Ellan Charne". The ruins of Claig Castle are on Am Fraoch Eilean.

Brosdale Island
Brosdale Island is an uninhabited island in the council area of Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It is 1.25 miles from Jura House on Jura. It is about 1/4 of a mile long and 1/4 of a mile wide.

The earliest comprehensive written list of Hebridean island names was undertaken in the 16th century by Donald Monro in his 16th century Description of the Western Isles of Scotland. Brosdale is not mentioned by name although there is a laconic entry referring to a Hasil Iyle "which in the Erish is callit Ellan-na-Crawiche". R. W. Munro was unable to identify the location of Hasil Iyle but writing 40 years later Peter Youngson suggested that Monro was referring to Brosdale. He did not offer a specific explanation for his identification although Brosdale does lie between Am Fraoch Eilean to the west and Eilean nan Gabhar in the Small Isles of Jura to the north which are more readily identifiable.  However, Matheson suggests that Monro's "Ellan charn" may be Brosdale Island.
Mongolic languages
The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in North Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas and in Kalmykia and Buryatia. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongol residents of Inner Mongolia, with an estimated 5.7+ million speakers.

Eastern Yugur language
Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken by the Yugurs, who also speak Western Yughur—a Turkic language. The terms may also indicate the speakers of these languages, which are both unwritten. Traditionally, both languages are indicated by the term Yellow Uygur, from the autonym of the Yugur. Eastern Yugur speakers are said to have passive bilingualism with Inner Mongolian, the standard spoken in China.

Eastern Yugur is a threatened language with an aging population of fluent speakers. Language contact with neighbouring languages, particularly Chinese, has noticeably affected the language competency of younger speakers. Some younger speakers have also begun to lose their ability to distinguish between different phonetic shades within the language, indicating declining language competency.

Grigory Potanin recorded a glossary of Salar, Western Yugur, and Eastern Yugur in his 1893 book written in Russian, The Tangut-Tibetan Borderlands of China and Central Mongolia.
Boucle du Baoulé National Park
The Boucle du Baoulé National Park (French: Parc National de la Boucle du Baoulé) lies in western Mali, in Kayes Region and Koulikoro Region, set up in 1982.  It covers an area of 25,330 km2 (9,780 sq mi) but has little large wildlife.  The park is known for its prehistoric rock art and tombs.  It is part of the UNESCO Boucle du Baoulé Biosphere Reserve, along with Badinko Faunal Reserve to the southwest, Fina Faunal Reserve to the south, and  Kongossambougou Faunal Reserve to the northeast.

Kayes Region
Kayes Region (Bambara: ߞߊߦߌ ߘߌߣߋߖߊ tr. Kayi Dineja, Arabic: منطقة كايس, romanized: minṭaqa Kāyas) is one of ten first level national subdivisions in Mali called Regions. It is the first administrative area of Mali and covers an area of 120,760 square kilometres or 46,630 square miles. Its capital is the town of Kayes. The province was historically part of the Ghana Empire and the Mali Empire.
Grasse Cathedral
Grasse Cathedral, now the Church of Notre-Dame-du-Puy (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame-du-Puy de Grasse), is a 12th-century Roman Catholic church located in Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes, France. The former cathedral is in the Romanesque architectural style, and is a national monument.

As a cathedral it was the seat of the Bishop of Grasse. The diocese of Grasse was abolished under the Concordat of 1801 and since then the building has been a parish church.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Grasse
The former French Catholic diocese of Grasse was founded in the 4th or 5th century as the diocese of Antibes. It was originally suffragan to the archbishop of Aix, and then to the archbishop of Embrun. The see moved from Antibes to Grasse in 1244. It remained at Grasse Cathedral until the French Revolution. The diocese was suppressed by the Concordat of 1801, its territory passing to the diocese of Nice.
Negro Southern League (1920–1936)
The Negro Southern League (NSL) was one of the several Negro baseball leagues created during the time organized baseball was segregated.  The NSL was organized as a minor league in 1920 and lasted until 1936.  It is considered a major league for the 1932 season and it was the only organized league to finish its full schedule that season (primarily due to the Great Depression).  Prior to the season, several established teams joined the NSL, mainly from the collapsed Negro National League.

Louisville Black Caps
The Louisville Black Caps were a professional Negro league baseball team based in Louisville, Kentucky. The team played as the Black Caps in the Negro National League in 1930 before playing as the Louisville White Sox in 1931.

In 1932, they joined the Negro Southern League, again playing as the Black Caps.  Only five months into the season, the team relocated to play as the Columbus Turfs for the remaining month and a half before folding.
Mount Kamuriki
Mount Kamurigi (冠着山, Kamuriki-san) is a  1,252 m (4,108 ft) mountain peak on the border of the city of Chikuma and the village of Chikuhoku in Nagano Prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is also called Ubasuteyama or Obasuteyama (姨捨山) after an old legend. the mountain is located within the borders of the Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park.

Ubasute
Ubasute (姥捨て, "abandoning an old woman"; also called obasute and sometimes oyasute 親捨て "abandoning a parent") is a mythical practice of senicide in Japan, whereby an infirm or elderly relative was carried to a mountain, or some other remote, desolate place, and left there to die. Kunio Yanagita concluded that the ubasute folklore comes from India's Buddhist mythology. According to the Kodansha Illustrated Encyclopedia of Japan, ubasute "is the subject of legend, but…does not seem ever to have been a common custom."
Chippewa Island
Chippewa Island is a First Nations reserve consisting of two islands in Twelve Mile Bay of Georgian Bay. The islands are adjacent to the Moose Deer Point First Nation. The islands are shared between the Beausoleil First Nation, the Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation and the Chippewas of Rama First Nation.

Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation
Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation (Ojibwe: Waaseyaagmiing Anishinaabek) are an Ojibwa (or Anishinaabeg) people located on Georgina Island in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. In 2008, of the First Nation's registered population of 666 people, 181 lived on, and 485 lived outside, their reserve. As of 2020, the band has a total population of 923 members. They are one of a handful of First Nations in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area.
Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland
The Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland was a Jacobite society founded in 1891 by Herbert Vivian, Melville Henry Massue and Ruaraidh Erskine following a split from the earlier Order of the White Rose. The League was considered one of the key groups in the Neo-Jacobite Revival of the 1890s.

Ruaraidh Erskine
Ruaraidh Erskine of Marr (15 January 1869 – 5 January 1960) (Scottish Gaelic: Ruaraidh Arascain is Mhàirr) was a Scottish nationalist political activist, writer and Scottish Gaelic language revival campaigner.
150 women in 150 words
The "150 women in 150 words" project was undertaken by the Royal Society Te Apārangi and published during their 150th anniversary celebrations in 2017. The aim of the project was "celebrating women's contributions to expanding knowledge in New Zealand", and involved short online biographies of a range of women from early Polynesian settlers to present-day scientists.

The biographies are arranged on the Royal Society Te Apārangi's website in four categories: pre-1866 (of which there are two, Whakaotirangi and Kahupeka), 1867–1917, 1918–1967, and 1968–to the present time. The full list of biographies below is arranged alphabetically by (most commonly used) surname.

Royal Society of New Zealand
The Royal Society of New Zealand, branded as the Royal Society Te Apārangi, is a not-for-profit body in New Zealand providing funding and policy advice in the fields of sciences and the humanities. These fundings (i.e., Marsden grants and research fellowships) are provided on behalf of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.
Aceh War
The Aceh War (Indonesian: Perang Aceh; Acehnese: Prang Acèh; 1873–1904), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873. The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia.

The campaign drew controversy in the Netherlands and Aceh as photographs and accounts of the death toll were reported. After early 20th century (1904), Aceh surrendered.

Alauddin Muhammad Daud Syah II
Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1864 – 6 February 1939) was the thirty-fifth and last Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He reigned from 1875 to 1903. Despite long lasting resistance his rule ended up being conquered by the Dutch colonial state (Dutch East Indies).
Kokkolan Hermes
Kokkolan Hermes is a Finnish semi-professional ice hockey club based in Kokkola that plays in the Mestis, the second-tier men's league in Finland after Liiga. The club was founded in 1953 and plays their home games at the Kokkolan jäähalli, which has a capacity of 4,200 spectators.

The club also supports an active minor ice hockey department, which hosts junior teams in the men's U16 Mestis, U17 Mestis, U18 Mestis, U18 Aluesarja, and U20 Mestis. Hermes previously included women's teams in the U16 Naisten Aluesarja and, until 2019, the U20 Finnish Championship tournament (Finnish: U20 SM-turnaus).

Kokkola
Kokkola (Finnish: [ˈkokːolɑ]; Swedish: Karleby, Finland Swedish: [ˈkɑrleˌbyː]) is a town in Finland and the regional capital of Central Ostrobothnia. It is located on the west coast of the country, on the Gulf of Bothnia. The population of Kokkola is approximately 48,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 54,000. It is the 22nd most populous municipality in Finland, and the 20th most populous urban area in the country.

Kokkola covers an area of 2,730.80 square kilometres (1,054.37 sq mi) of which 1,286.61 km2 (496.76 sq mi) is water. The population density is 33.44 inhabitants per square kilometre (86.6/sq mi). Neighbour municipalities are Halsua, Kalajoki, Kannus, Kaustinen, Kronoby, Lestijärvi, Larsmo and Toholampi.

Kokkola is a bilingual municipality with Finnish and Swedish as its official languages. The population consists of 83% Finnish speakers, 12% Swedish speakers, and 6% speakers of other languages.
Dimethylamine
Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 271,000 tons were produced in 2005.

Trimethylamine
Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3. It is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia. TMA is widely used in industry. At higher concentrations it has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis of mucous membranes on contact. At lower concentrations, it has a "fishy" odor, the odor associated with rotting fish.
Commodore (Royal Navy)
Commodore (Cdre) is a rank of the Royal Navy above captain and below rear admiral. It has a NATO ranking code of OF-6.  The rank is equivalent to brigadier in the British Army and the Royal Marines and to air commodore in the Royal Air Force. Commodore has been a substantive rank in the Royal Navy since only 1997. Until then the term denoted a functional position rather than a formal rank, being the title bestowed on the senior officer of a fleet of at least two naval vessels comprising an independent (usually ad hoc and short-term) command. (In this case, for instance, a lieutenant in substantive rank could be a commodore for the term of the command.)

Captain (Royal Navy)
Captain (Capt.) is a senior officer rank of the Royal Navy. It ranks above commander and below commodore and has a NATO ranking code of OF-5.  The rank is equivalent to a colonel in the British Army and Royal Marines, and to a group captain in the Royal Air Force.  There are similarly named equivalent ranks in the navies of many other countries.
Nibbāna: The Mind Stilled
Nibbāna: The Mind Stilled (Sinhalese: නිවනේ නිවීම, Nivanē nivīma) is the translation of a series of 33 sermons delivered in Sinhala by Venerable Bhikkhu Katukurunde Ñāṇananda during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The focus of the sermons was on the term nibbāna and its deeper philosophical implications. The first volume of the seven-volume series was published in 2003.

Conceptual proliferation
In Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta, conceptual proliferation (Pāli: papañca; Sanskrit: prapañca) or, alternatively, mental proliferation or conceptual elaboration, refers to unbounded conceptualization, "tend[ing] to obscure the true state of affairs."
Neil Aggett
Neil Aggett (6 October 1953 – 5 February 1982) was a Kenyan and South African doctor and trade union organiser who was killed, while in detention, by the Security Branch of the Apartheid South African Police Service after being held for 70 days without trial.

Kingswood College (South Africa)
Kingswood College is an independent, co-educational Methodist school in Makhanda, (formerly Grahamstown). Founded in 1894 by William C Muirhead, Clifford Witheridge Dold, William Burnett Stocks and Richard Restall Stocks, Kingswood caters for boys and girls from Grade 000 to Grade 13 (Bridging Year) from all over the world.

At Kingswood College, the National Senior Certificate examination is administered by the Independent Examinations Board.