hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UMBC Training Centers
UMBC Training Centers is an extension of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) established in 2000 at UMBC's South Campus in Catonsville, Maryland. UMBC Training Centers provides technical and professional training programs remotely and directly at three campuses to individuals, groups, corporations, and government agencies around the country. The school's administrative offices are located at the Columbia campus at the Columbia Gateway Business Park.

The center partners with numerous educational institutions and organizations including the American Council on Education
Bowie State University, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), University of Maryland, University College (UMUC), and the University System of Maryland (USM).

University of Maryland, Baltimore County
The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) is a public research university in Catonsville, Maryland, United States. It had a fall 2025 enrollment of 13,530 students. In 2019, it had 61 undergraduate majors, over 92 graduate programs (38 master, 25 doctoral, and 29 graduate certificate programs) and the first university research park in Maryland. It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".

Established as a part of the University System of Maryland in 1966, the university became the first public college or university in Maryland to be inclusive of all races. UMBC has the fourth highest enrollment of the University System of Maryland, specializing in natural sciences and engineering, as well as programs in the liberal arts and social sciences.  Its athletic teams are known as the UMBC Retrievers and participate in the America East Conference.
Masciago Primo
Masciago Primo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km northwest of Milan and about 12 km northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 289 and an area of 1.9 km².

The municipality of Masciago Primo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Località Mondada and Località Muniscione.

Masciago Primo borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Cunardo, Ferrera di Varese, Rancio Valcuvia.

Rancio Valcuvia
Rancio Valcuvia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) northwest of Varese.

Rancio Valcuvia borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Brinzio, Cassano Valcuvia, Castello Cabiaglio, Cuveglio, Ferrera di Varese, Masciago Primo.

In terms of industry, the Torcitura di Rancio, a textile transformation industry, was formed as a joint venture between Montefibre, interested in the transformation of its yarns, and the Ratti group, interested in textile machinery aspects. The former twisting plant was then acquired by the Cumdi company of Germignaga.
1977 Davis Cup Eastern Zone
The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1977 Davis Cup.

12 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with 8 teams competing in the preliminary round to join the previous year's semifinalists in the main draw. India and Indonesia received byes into the quarterfinals, while Australia and New Zealand received byes into the semifinals. The winner of the main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.

Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

1977 Davis Cup Europe Zone
The Europe Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1977 Davis Cup.

33 teams entered the Europe Zone, competing across 2 sub-zones. 8 teams entered the competition in the pre-qualifying rounds, competing for 3 spots in the preliminary rounds. The 3 winners in the pre-qualifying rounds joined an additional 21 teams in the preliminary rounds, with 12 teams in each sub-zone competing for 4 places in the main draw, to join the 4 finalists from the 1976 Europe Zone.

The winners of each sub-zone's main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Eastern Zone.

France defeated Romania in the Zone A final, and Italy defeated Spain in the Zone B final, resulting in both France and Italy progressing to the Inter-Zonal Zone.
Stony Brook, New York
Stony Brook is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States, on the North Shore of Long Island. Begun in the colonial era as an agricultural enclave, the hamlet experienced growth first as a resort town and then to its current state as one of Long Island's major tourist towns and centers of education. Despite being referred to as a village by residents and tourists alike, Stony Brook has never been legally incorporated by the state. The population was 13,740 at the 2010 census.

The CDP is adjacent to the main campus of Stony Brook University, the largest public university in New York by area, and also The Stony Brook School, a private college preparatory school. It is also home to the Long Island Museum of American Art, History, and Carriages and the Stony Brook Village Center, a privately maintained commercial center planned in the style of a traditional New England village.

New York State Route 25A
New York State Route 25A (NY 25A) is a state highway on Long Island in New York, United States. It serves as the main east–west route for most of the North Shore of Long Island, running for 73 miles (117 km) from Interstate 495 (I-495) at the Queens–Midtown Tunnel in the New York City borough of Queens to NY 25 in Calverton, Suffolk County. The highway is a northern alternate route of NY 25, which follows a more inland routing along Jericho Turnpike.

The route is known for its scenic path through decidedly lesser-developed areas such as Brookville, Fort Salonga, Centerport, and Roslyn. It is known by various names along its routing, the most prominent of which include Northern Boulevard, North Hempstead Turnpike, Main Street, Fort Salonga Road, and North Country Road. It merges with NY 25 for approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in Smithtown.
Atlas languages
The Atlas languages are a subgroup of the Northern Berber languages of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. By mutual intelligibility, they are a single language spoken by perhaps 14 million people; however, they are distinct sociolinguistically and are considered separate languages by the Royal institute of the Amazigh culture. They are:

Central Atlas Tamazight (Central Atlas Berber), spoken in the central Atlas Mountains

Shilha (Tashelhiyt; also rendered Tachelhit, Tasusit; includes Judeo-Berber and perhaps the extinct Lisan al-Gharbi), spoken in southern Morocco

Sanhaja de Srair, spoken in the southern part of the Rif

Ghomara, spoken in the western part of the Rif

Lisan al-Gharbi, formerly spoken in western Morocco.

Senhaja de Srair language
Senhaja de Srair or Senhaja Berber (Senhaja De Srair: Ccelḥa, Taṣenhajit, Arabic: الصنهاجية, romanized: aṣ-ṣanhājiyah), is a Northern Berber language. It is spoken by the Senhaja Srair Berbers inhabiting the central part of the Moroccan Rif. It is spoken around the Ketama and Targuist area, west of the Tarifit speaking area in eastern Rif.

Despite its speech area, the language belongs to the Atlas branch of Berber. It has also been influenced by the neighbouring Riffian language.
Rapid City Rush
The Rapid City Rush are a professional ice hockey team in the ECHL based in Rapid City, South Dakota, and play their home games at The Monument. The Rush are currently a minor affiliate of the Calgary Flames NHL franchise.

Brampton Beast
The Brampton Beast were a professional ice hockey team based in Brampton, Ontario, Canada. The team originally played in the Central Hockey League for one year during the 2013–14 season prior to the league's folding before joining the ECHL from 2014 to 2020. The Beast played their home games at the CAA Centre. The team was one of only two ECHL members located in Canada, along with the Newfoundland Growlers, from 2018 to 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beast voluntarily suspended operations through at least the 2020–21 ECHL season, then ceased operations entirely.
Minamitama District, Tokyo
Minamitama (南多摩郡, Minamitama-gun, South Tama) was a district or county (gun) of Tokyo (Metropolis/Prefecture), Japan. It was created in the early Meiji era when the old Tama District of Musashi Province was divided into four parts and split between Kanagawa and Tokyo. It lost its status as an administrative unit in the 1920s when county governments and councils were abolished across the country. As a geographical unit, it ceased to exist in 1971 when its last two remaining municipalities were promoted to independent cities.

Musashi Province
Musashi Province (武蔵国, Musashi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [mɯꜜ.sa.ɕi (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo Metropolis, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture. It was sometimes called Bushū (武州). The province encompassed Kawasaki and Yokohama. Musashi bordered on Kai, Kōzuke, Sagami, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

Musashi was the largest province in the Kantō region.
Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (1845–1849)
The Royal Commission on Revising and Consolidating the Criminal Law (also known as the Criminal Law Commission of 1845 or the Statute Law Commission of 1845) was a royal commission that ran from 1845 to 1849 to consolidate existing statutes and enactments of English criminal law.

The Commission replaced the 1833 Royal Commission on the Criminal Law, and five reports. The commission's proposals and draft bills were not pursued.

There was a later Royal Commission on the Law Relating to Indictable Offences (1871–1879) which also recommended consolidation.

Thomas Starkie
Thomas Starkie (2 January 1782 – 15 April 1849) was an English lawyer and jurist. A talented mathematician in his youth, he especially contributed to the unsuccessful attempts to codify the English criminal law in the nineteenth century.
Peck-Porter House
The Peck-Porter House is a historic house at the corner of Main and Middle Streets in Walpole, New Hampshire.  Built in 1839, it is an unusually elaborate and sophisticated example of Greek Revival architecture, given its small-town setting.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

Walpole, New Hampshire
Walpole is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,633 at the 2020 census.

The town's central village, where 573 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Walpole census-designated place (CDP) and is east of New Hampshire Route 12. The town also includes the villages of North Walpole and Drewsville.
Odd Sverressøn Klingenberg
Odd Sverressøn Klingenberg (8 June 1871 – 3 November 1944) was a Norwegian barrister and politician for the Conservative Party. He served as the Minister of Social Affairs 1920-1921, 1923 and 1923-1924 in addition to mayor of Trondheim 1911-1916.

He was born in Trondhjem as a son of attorney Sverre Olafssøn Klingenberg (1844–1913) and Hilda Johannesdatter Klingenberg (1843–1912). He was a brother of Sverre, Olav and Kaare Sverressøn Klingenberg and a grandson and grandnephew of engineer Johannes Benedictus Klingenberg.

Johannes Benedictus Klingenberg
Johannes Benedictus Klingenberg (28 April 1817 – 8 July 1882) was a Norwegian military officer and engineer.

He was a son of bailiff Johan Nicolai Klingenberg (1777–1865), and also the uncle of pianist Alf Klingenberg (1867–1944), and the maternal grandfather and paternal granduncle of Odd Sverressøn Klingenberg and Kaare Sverressøn Klingenberg.

He worked in the country's capital Christiania. He organized the waterworks of the city in 1855, and had a national influence in this field. He became leader of the city fire department in 1861. In the military, he held the rank of major.

From 1860 to 1861, and 1872 to 1874, he was the chairman of the Norwegian Polytechnic Society.
Great Pulteney Street
Great Pulteney Street is a grand thoroughfare that connects Bathwick on the east of the River Avon with the City of Bath, England via the Robert Adam designed Pulteney Bridge. Viewed from the city side of the bridge the road leads directly to the Holburne Museum of Art that was originally the Sydney Hotel where tea rooms, card rooms, a concert room and a ballroom were installed for the amusement of Bath's many visitors.

Holburne Museum
The Holburne Museum (formerly known as the Holburne of Menstrie Museum and the Holburne Museum of Art) is located in Sydney Pleasure Gardens, Bath, Somerset, England. The city's first public art gallery, the Grade I listed building is home to fine and decorative arts built around the collection of Sir William Holburne. Artists in the collection include Gainsborough, Guardi, Stubbs, Ramsay and Zoffany.

The museum also provides a programme of temporary exhibitions, music performances, creative workshops, family events, talks and lectures. There is a bookshop and a café that opens out onto Sydney Gardens. The museum reopened in May 2011 after restoration and an extension designed by Eric Parry Architects, supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund.
Asylum in Germany
The right of asylum for victims of political persecution is a basic right stipulated in the Constitution of Germany. In a wider sense, the right of asylum recognises the definition of 'refugee' as established in the 1951 Refugee Convention and is understood to protect asylum seekers from deportation and grant them certain protections under the law. Generally, these protections are a part of the asylum procedure itself and are verified by the Federal Office For Migration and Refugees (Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, 'BAMF') without any further application.

In 1993 and 2015, the initially unlimited right of asylum was revised in essential points and also limited. In light of the refugee crisis in the second half of 2015, a transformation of the fundamental right of asylum (section 16a GG) into an objective guarantee was demanded in order to give the state the legal opportunity to impose an upper limit or quota.

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees
The Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, BAMF) is a German federal agency under the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of the Interior. It is located in the former Südkaserne (South Barracks) in Nuremberg. It is the central migration authority in Germany and is responsible for registration, integration and repatriation of migrants. It carries out asylum proceedings and makes decisions on asylum applications.
Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
Þorbjörg lítilvölva ('Thorbjörg little-völva; c. 10th century CE) was a renowned seeress (völva) in Norse colonial Greenland during the late Viking Age. She is featured in the Saga of Erik the Red and her description is the most detailed presentation of seeress behavior, associated customs, and material culture – such as her distinctive clothing and use of a wand – found in the sagas of Icelanders.

Saga of Erik the Red
The Saga of Erik the Red, in Old Norse: Eiríks saga rauða (listenⓘ), is an Icelandic saga on the Norse exploration of North America. The original saga is thought to have been written in the 13th century. It is preserved in somewhat different versions in two manuscripts: Hauksbók (14th century) and Skálholtsbók (15th century).

Despite its title, the saga mainly chronicles the life and expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Gudrid, also recounted in the Saga of the Greenlanders. For this reason it was formerly also called Þorfinns saga karlsefnis; Árni Magnússon wrote that title in the blank space at the top of the saga in Hauksbók. It also details the events that led to the banishment of Erik the Red  to Greenland and the preaching of Christianity by his son Leif Erikson as well as his discovery of Vinland after his longship was blown off course.
Anna Karenina (1948 film)
Anna Karenina is a 1948 British film based on the 1878 novel of the same title by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy.

The film was directed by Julien Duvivier, and starred  Vivien Leigh in the title role. It was produced by Alexander Korda (with Herbert Mason as associate producer) for his company, London Films, and distributed in the United States by 20th Century Fox. The screenplay was by Jean Anouilh, Julien Duvivier and Guy Morgan, music by Constant Lambert, decors by André Andrejew and deep focus cinematography by Henri Alekan.

Julien Duvivier
Julien Duvivier (French: [ʒyljɛ̃ dyvivje]; 8 October 1896 – 29 October 1967) was a French film director and screenwriter. He was prominent in French cinema in the years 1930–1960. Amongst his most original films, chiefly notable are La Bandera, Pépé le Moko, Little World of Don Camillo, Panic (Panique), Deadlier Than the Male and Marianne de ma jeunesse.

Jean Renoir called him, a "great technician, [a] rigorist, a poet".
Northern saw-whet owl
The northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a species of small owl in the family Strigidae. The species is native to North America. Saw-whet owls of the genus Aegolius are some of the smallest owl species in North America. They can be found in dense thickets, often at eye level, although they can also be found some 20 ft (6.1 m) up. Saw-whets are often in danger of being preyed upon by larger birds of prey. The northern saw-whet owl is a migratory bird without any strict pattern.

Boreal owl
The boreal owl or Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) is a small owl in the "true owl" family Strigidae. It is known as the boreal owl or, more rarely, Richardson's owl after Sir John Richardson, in North America, and as Tengmalm's owl in Europe and Asia, after the Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm.

Due to its nocturnal habits and preferred inaccessible taiga forest habitat, it is rarely seen by humans; when met with, it is however often extremely confiding, showing little or no fear of people, and only flying off if approached to within 3–5 metres.
Curtiss H-1640 Chieftain
The Curtiss  H-1640 Chieftain was an unusual American 12-cylinder radial aero engine designed and built by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company in the mid-1920s. In contrast to most multi-row radials, where the cylinders in the rows are staggered to present better airflow for cooling, the Chieftain used the inline radial arrangement with the cylinders behind each other to allow pairs of cylinders to share a cast cylinder head and camshafts. The design saw some use in the 1920s but was quickly passed by newer designs.

Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (1909–1929) was an American aircraft manufacturer originally founded by Glenn Hammond Curtiss and Augustus Moore Herring in Hammondsport, New York. After significant commercial success in its first decades, it merged with the Wright Aeronautical to form Curtiss-Wright Corporation.
Spin states (d electrons)
Spin states when describing transition metal coordination complexes refers to the potential spin configurations of the central metal's d electrons. For several oxidation states, metals can adopt high-spin and low-spin configurations. The ambiguity only applies to first row metals, because second- and third-row metals are invariably low-spin. These configurations can be understood through the two major models used to describe coordination complexes; crystal field theory and ligand field theory (a more advanced version based on molecular orbital theory).

Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.  Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals (elements like titanium that belong to the periodic table's d-block), are coordination complexes.
EgyptAir
EgyptAir  is the state-owned flag carrier of Egypt. The airline is headquartered at Cairo International Airport, its main hub, operating scheduled passenger and freight services to 81 destinations in Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas, as of 2022. Egyptair is a member of Star Alliance.

Ilyushin Il-18
The Ilyushin Il-18 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-18; NATO reporting name: Coot) is a large turboprop airliner that first flew in 1957 and became one of the best known Soviet aircraft of its era. The Il-18 was one of the Soviet Union's principal airliners for several decades and was widely exported. Due to the aircraft's durability, many examples achieved over 45,000 flight hours and the type remains operational in both military and to a lesser extent in civilian capacities. The Il-18's successor was the longer-range Ilyushin Il-62.
Dirty Work (play)
Dirty Work is a farce by Ben Travers.  It was one of the series of twelve Aldwych farces that ran in uninterrupted succession at the Aldwych Theatre in London from 1923 to 1933.  The play depicts the maladroit but ultimately successful efforts of a shop-walker to outwit a gang of jewel thieves.

The piece opened on 7 March 1932 and ran for 193 performances until 26 August.  A film adaptation of the play was made in 1934.

Mary Brough
Mary Bessie Brough (16 April 1863 – 30 September 1934) was an English actress in theatre, silent films and early talkies, including eleven of the twelve Aldwych farces of the 1920s and early 1930s.

The daughter of a well-known actor, Lionel Brough, with a long theatrical family tradition, she became a professional actress in December 1881. Although she was in regular demand in character parts she did not become well known to theatre-goers until she was nearly sixty. In 1922 she was cast in a small part in a farce, Tons of Money, which was followed by a ten-year series of new farces at the Aldwych Theatre for which the actor-manager Tom Walls assembled a regular company of players, including Brough. The playwright Ben Travers wrote parts expressly to suit her persona; she recorded several of them in films of the farces.
449 Hamburga
449 Hamburga is a carbonaceous asteroid from the background population of the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomers Max Wolf and Friedrich Schwassmann at Heidelberg Observatory on 31 October 1899, and later named after the city of Hamburg in Germany.

449 was a proposed target for the 1980s-1990s space probe mission proposal CRAF.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.