hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Biphenyl
Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless  crystals.  Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl.

It has a distinctively pleasant smell. Biphenyl is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (C6H5)2. It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents.

Biphenyl is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. Biphenyl is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings.

Phenyl group
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement symbol Ph (archaically φ) or Ø. The phenyl group is closely related to benzene and can be viewed as a benzene ring, minus a hydrogen atom, which may be replaced by some other element or compound to serve as a functional group. A phenyl group has six carbon atoms bonded together in a hexagonal planar ring, five of which are bonded to individual hydrogen atoms, with the remaining carbon bonded to a substituent. Phenyl groups are commonplace in organic chemistry. Although often depicted with alternating double and single bonds, the phenyl group is chemically aromatic and has equal bond lengths between carbon atoms in the ring.
Greenwood Yard
The Greenwood Yard (also known as the Greenwood Complex) is a rail yard with support buildings that service subway vehicles on Line 2 Bloor–Danforth of the Toronto subway.

Greenwood is one of two subway yards on Line 2, the other being the much smaller Keele Subway Yard.

Toronto subway
The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada. It is operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), an agency of the City of Toronto. The system is a rail network consisting of five lines: Line 1 Yonge–University, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, Line 4 Sheppard, Line 5 Eglinton, and Line 6 Finch West.

In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway" and now part of Line 1, under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2026, the network encompasses 109 stations and 99.4 kilometres (61.8 mi) of route. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 331,789,000, or about 1,079,700 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2025, making it the busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership. As of February 2026, there are 21 stations under construction as part of one new line (the Ontario Line) and two extensions to existing lines.
Western High School (Maryland)
Western High School is the oldest public all-girls high school remaining in the United States. It is the third-oldest public high school in the state of Maryland and part of the Baltimore City Public Schools. Western High was named a "National Blue Ribbon School" of Excellence by the U.S. Department of Education in 2009 and a "Silver Medal High School" by the news magazine U.S. News & World Report in 2012.

Eastern High School (Maryland)
Eastern High School, established in 1844 along with its sister school Western High School, was a historic all-female, public high school located in Baltimore City, Maryland, 21218, U.S.A.  Its final building, at 1101 East 33rd Street, is to the west of The Baltimore City College, also at 33rd Street, and across the street from the former site of Memorial Stadium. E.H.S. was operated by the Baltimore City Public Schools system at successive locations until it was closed in 1986. The final building was renovated in the 1990s and is currently owned and used for offices by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Differential amplifier
A differential amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that amplifies the difference between two input voltages but suppresses any voltage common to the two inputs. It is an analog circuit with two inputs  and  and one output , in which the output is ideally proportional to the difference between the two voltages:

where  is the gain of the amplifier.

Single amplifiers are usually implemented by either adding the appropriate feedback resistors to a standard op-amp, or with a dedicated integrated circuit containing internal feedback resistors. It is also a common sub-component of larger integrated circuits handling analog signals.

Common emitter
In electronics, a common-emitter amplifier is one of three basic single-stage bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage amplifier. It offers high current gain (typically 200), medium input resistance and a high output resistance. The output of a common emitter amplifier is inverted; i.e. for a sine wave input signal, the output signal is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the input.

In this circuit, the base terminal of the transistor serves as the input, the collector is the output, and the emitter is common to both (for example, it may be tied to ground reference or a power supply rail), hence its name. The analogous FET circuit is the common-source amplifier, and the analogous tube circuit is the common-cathode amplifier.
Warracknabeal Cemetery
Warracknabeal Cemetery is a cemetery located in the rural city of Warracknabeal, Victoria in Australia. It is a member of the Cemeteries and Cremetoria Association of Victoria, and is located at the south of the town.

Warracknabeal
Warracknabeal (/ˈwɒrɪknəbiːl/ WORR-ik-nə-beel) is a town in the Australian state of Victoria, located in the  Victorian wheatbelt. Situated on the banks of the Yarriambiack Creek, 330 km northwest of Melbourne, it is the business and services centre of the northern Wimmera and southern Mallee districts, and hosts local government offices of the Shire of Yarriambiack. At the 2021 census, the Warracknabeal township had a population of 2,359.
Steinkjer Church
Steinkjer Church (Norwegian: Steinkjer kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Steinkjer Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the town of Steinkjer. It is the church for the Steinkjer parish which is part of the Stiklestad prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, concrete church was built in a modern, basilica style in 1965 using plans drawn up by the architect Olav S. Platou. The church seats about 550 people.

Steinkjer Municipality
Steinkjerⓘ (Norwegian) or Stïentje (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is part of the Innherad region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Steinkjer which is located on the inner part of the Trondheimsfjord. The town is also the administrative centre for Trøndelag county. Other populated areas in Steinkjer include the villages of Bartnes, Beitstad, Binde, Byafossen, Follafoss, Følling, Gaulstad, Henning, Hyllbrua, Kvam, Lerkehaug, Malm, Mære, Sela, Skei, Sparbu, Stod, Sunnan, Vassaunet, Vellamelen, and Verrastranda.

The 2,122-square-kilometre (819 sq mi) municipality is the 31st largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Steinkjer Municipality is the 54th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 24,032. The municipality's population density is 11.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (29/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.
Martyazo
The Republic of Martyazo (French: République de Martyazo) was a short-lived secessionist state proclaimed by Hutu rebels at Vyanda in Burundi's province of Makamba in the early May 1972 during the Ikiza, a period of genocidal violence affecting Burundi.

Ikiza
The Ikiza (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000.
Terncladus
Terncladus (meaning "three branched") is an extinct genus of lepidopteran that belongs to the taxonomic family Micropterigidae. This genus has two species discovered, they are Terncladus luntus and Terncladus holonatus.

The genus lived during the late Cretaceous period in northern Myanmar.

Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera. They are considered the most primitive extant lineage of lepidoptera (Kristensen, 1999), and the sole superfamily in the suborder Zeugloptera. The name comes from the Greek for mikros, little and pterux, a wing. Unique among the Lepidoptera, these moths have chewing mouthparts rather than a proboscis, and are seen feeding, often in large aggregations, on the pollen of the flowers of many herbaceous plants, shrubs and trees. The fossil record of the group goes back to the middle-late Jurassic with the earliest known species being Auliepterix from the Karabastau Formation in Kazakhstan.

Micropterigid larvae possess a uniquely specialised trunk cuticle, in which the exo- and endocuticle are separated by fluid-filled chambers arranged in a honeycomb pattern, each chamber corresponding to an individual epidermal cell.
Hestock
Hestock is a heritage-listed residence located at 14 Crescent Street in the Sydney suburb of Hunters Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed by Walter Liberty Vernon and built during 1885. It is also known as Le Chalet. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Hunters Hill
Hunters Hill  is a suburb of Northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Hunters Hill is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north-west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Municipality of Hunter's Hill.

Hunters Hill is situated on a small peninsula that separates the Lane Cove and Parramatta Rivers. It can be reached by bus or by ferry.
Awa-Akaishi Station
Awa-Akaishi Station (阿波赤石駅, Awa-Akaishi-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Komatsushima, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "M07".

Komatsushima, Tokushima
Komatsushima (小松島市, Komatsushima-shi) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 36,128 in 17181 households and a population density of 800 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 45.37 square kilometres (17.52 sq mi).
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London
The Department of Mechanical Engineering is an academic department of the Faculty of Engineering at Imperial College London in England, United Kingdom.

It is located at the City & Guilds Building at the South Kensington campus. The department has around 45 faculty members, 600 undergraduates, and 250 postgraduate students. The department ranks 8th in the QS World University Rankings's 2018 table.

Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London
The Faculty of Engineering is one of four faculties of Imperial College London, in London, England. Imperial's Faculty of Engineering was formed in 2001, from two of the universities constituent colleges - the Royal School of Mines (established in 1851) and City and Guilds College (established in 1881). The faculty is ranked as the top engineering institute in the UK in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework.

The faculty is located at Imperial's main South Kensington campus, where teaching and research take place.

The faculty offers undergraduate Bachelor's and Master's of Engineering courses, as well as postgraduate courses leading to MSc, MRes and doctoral degrees. Undergraduates studying at faculty departments obtain the appropriate associateship according to their course, either the Associateship of the City & Guilds of London Institute (ACGI) or the Associateship of the Royal School of Mines (ARSM) depending on the historic association of their department.
Leinster Cricket Union
The Leinster Cricket Union, also known as Cricket Leinster, is one of five provincial governing bodies for cricket in Ireland.

Along with the Northern, Munster, Connacht and North West unions, it makes up the Irish Cricket Union (now known as Cricket Ireland), the overall governing body of Irish cricket.

Connacht Cricket Union
The Connacht Cricket Union is one of the five provincial governing bodies for cricket in Ireland. Along with the Leinster Cricket Union, Munster Cricket Union, Northern Cricket Union and North West Cricket Union, it makes up Cricket Ireland (formerly known as the Irish Cricket Union). It is the main union under which cricket in the traditional Irish province of Connacht is played. It broke away from Munster Cricket Union and became a separate union in 2010, thus becoming the first Union to be formed in over 60 years.
Comala
Comala (Spanish: [koˈmala] ⓘ) is a town and municipality located in the Mexican state of Colima, near the state capital of Colima, being the northernmost and second smallest municipality in Colima behind Villa de Álvarez. It has been nicknamed the "White Village of America" as the façades of the buildings in town have all been painted white since the 1960s. The historic center of the town was declared a Historic Monument Zone and the town became a Pueblo Mágico in 2002. It is the municipal seat of the Comala Municipality, the local governing authority for over 400 other communities, including the former Nogueras Hacienda, the home of artist Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo.

Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (Spanish: Reserva de la Biósfera Sierra de Manantlán) (established 1988) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in the states of Colima and Jalisco, Mexico.  The 139,577 hectares (538.91 sq mi) reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.
Snake mackerel
The snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens) is the sole species of fish in the  monotypic genus Gempylus, belonging to the family Gempylidae (which is also referred to generally as "snake mackerels"). It is found worldwide in tropical and subtropical oceans between the latitudes of 42°N and 40°S; adults are known to stray into temperate waters. It is found to a depth of 600 meters (2,000 feet). Populations of the snake mackerel from the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific differ in vertebral count (51–55 versus 48–50) and number of first dorsal fin spines (30–32 versus 26–30), and so may represent separate species.

Gempylidae
The Gempylidae are a family of scombriform ray-finned fishes commonly known as snake mackerels or escolars. The family includes about 25 species.

They are elongated fishes with a similar appearance to barracudas, having a long dorsal fin, usually with one or finlets trailing it. The largest species, including the snoek (Leionura atun), grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long, and the oilfish (Ruvettus pretiosus) can reach 3 m (9.8 ft), though they rarely surpass 150 cm (59 in). Like the barracudas, they are predators, with fang-like teeth.
New Jerusalem
In the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible, New Jerusalem (יהוה שָׁמָּה‎, YHWH šāmmā, YHWH [is] there") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, which would be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, during the Messianic era. The prophecy is recorded by Ezekiel as having been received on Yom Kippur of the year 3372 of the Hebrew calendar.

In the Book of Revelation in the New Testament, the city is also called the Heavenly Jerusalem, as well as being called Zion in other books of the Christian Bible.

Messianic Age
In Abrahamic religions, the Messianic Age (Hebrew: יְמוֹת הַמָשִׁיחַ) is the future eternal period of time on Earth in which the messiah will reign and bring universal peace and brotherhood, without any evil (through mankind's own terms). Some refer to it as the consummate "kingdom of God" or the "world to come". Jews believe that such a figure is yet to come, while Christians believe that this figure is Jesus Christ.
Senate Properties
Senate Properties (in Finnish: Senaatti-kiinteistöt, in Swedish: Senatfastigheter) is a Finnish unincorporated state-owned enterprise, which manages a major part of the real estate assets owned by the Republic of Finland.

Senate Square, Helsinki
Senate Square (Finnish: Senaatintori, Swedish: Senatstorget) presents Carl Ludvig Engel's architecture as a unique allegory of political, religious, scientific and commercial powers in the centre of Helsinki, Finland.

Senate Square and its surroundings make up the oldest part of central Helsinki. Landmarks and famous buildings surrounding the square are the Helsinki Cathedral, the Government Palace, the main building of the University of Helsinki and merchant Johan Sederholm's the Sederholm House, the oldest building of central Helsinki dating from 1757.
Masaki Kaji
Masaki Kaji (加治 将樹, Kaji Masaki) is a Japanese actor and singer. He is known for his role as Takeshi Momoshiro in the Prince of Tennis musical series, Tenimyu, and the live film adaptation. He was also part of a young men's stage acting troupe, D-BOYS, which perform in various skit-like performances.

Kōsuke Kujirai
Kousuke Kujirai (鯨井 康介, Kujirai Kōsuke; born July 20, 1987) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and singer. He is known for his role as Jenath Dira in the Get Ride! Amdriver anime series and Kaoru Kaido and The Prince of Tennis musical series, Tenimyu, and the live film adaptation, and as Panther in Eyeshield 21. He is currently employed by Production Ogi. His blood type is B.
Scapegoat tree
In computer science, a scapegoat tree is a self-balancing binary search tree, invented by Arne Andersson in 1989 and again by Igal Galperin and Ronald L. Rivest in 1993.  It provides worst-case  lookup time (with  as the number of entries) and  amortized insertion and deletion time.

Unlike most other self-balancing binary search trees which also provide worst case  lookup time, scapegoat trees have no additional per-node memory overhead compared to a regular binary search tree: besides key and value, a node stores only two pointers to the child nodes. This makes scapegoat trees easier to implement and, due to data structure alignment, can reduce node overhead by up to one-third.

Instead of the small incremental rebalancing operations used by most balanced tree algorithms, scapegoat trees rarely but expensively choose a "scapegoat" and completely rebuilds the subtree rooted at the scapegoat into a complete binary tree.  Thus, scapegoat trees have  worst-case update performance.

Self-balancing binary search tree
In computer science, a self-balancing binary search tree (BST) is any node-based binary search tree that automatically keeps its height (maximal number of levels below the root) small in the face of arbitrary item insertions and deletions.
These operations when designed for a self-balancing binary search tree, contain precautionary measures against boundlessly increasing tree height, so that these abstract data structures receive the attribute "self-balancing".

For height-balanced binary trees, the height is defined to be logarithmic  in the number  of items. This is the case for many binary search trees, such as AVL trees and red–black trees. Splay trees and treaps are self-balancing but not height-balanced, as their height is not guaranteed to be logarithmic in the number of items.

Self-balancing binary search trees provide efficient implementations for mutable ordered lists, and can be used for other abstract data structures such as associative arrays, priority queues and sets.
Bychawa
Bychawa [bɨˈxava] (Yiddish: בעכעװע, romanized: Bekheve) is a town in southeastern Poland, in Lublin Voivodeship, in Lublin County, about 25 km (16 mi) south of Lublin. The town lies in Lublin Upland and belongs to historic Lesser Poland. It is situated on the Gałęzówka and Kosarzewka rivers. The town has an area of 6.69 square kilometres (2.58 sq mi), and as of December 2021, it has 4,757 inhabitants.

Lublin County
Lublin County (Polish: Powiat Lubelski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Lublin, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Lublin County are Bełżyce, which lies 23 km (14 mi) west of Lublin, and Bychawa, 26 km (16 mi) south of Lublin.

The county covers an area of 1,679.42 square kilometres (648.4 sq mi). As of 2019, its total population is 154,760, out of which the population of Bełżyce is 6,504, that of Bychawa is 4,893, and the rural population is 143,363.
London Opinion
London Opinion and Today, often known as London Opinion, was a British magazine published from 1903 until 1954, when it was merged with Pearson's Men Only. It ran weekly from 26 December 1903 to 27 June 1931, and was then published monthly until April 1954. It took over the weekly Humorist in 1940.

Among its most famous covers was the 1914 Lord Kitchener Wants You recruitment picture, designed for the magazine by Alfred Leete, of which the subsequent poster was a variation; at the time London Opinion had a circulation of about 300,000. The magazine started a national limerick craze in 1907.

Contributors included cartoonists Norman Thelwell, Arthur Watts, Rowel Friers, Bertram Prance and Arthur Ferrier.

Men Only
Men Only is a British magazine title that originated in 1935 as a pocket-sized men's magazine. It became a standard-sized pin-up magazine in the 1950s and was relaunched in 1971 by Paul Raymond Publications as a soft-core pornographic magazine.
Microscopic polyangiitis
Microscopic polyangiitis is an autoimmune disease characterized by a systemic, pauci-immune, necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitis without clinical or pathological evidence of granulomatous inflammation.

P-ANCA
p-ANCA, or MPO-ANCA, or perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, are antibodies that stain the material around the nucleus of a neutrophil. They are a special class of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.

This pattern occurs because the vast majority of the antigens targeted by ANCAs are highly cationic (positively charged) at pH 7.00. During ethanol (pH ~7.0 in water) fixation, antigens which are more cationic migrate and localize around the nucleus, attracted by its negatively charged DNA content.  Antibody staining therefore results in fluorescence of the region around the nucleus.