hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pirate radio in the United Kingdom
Pirate radio in the United Kingdom has been a popular and enduring radio medium since the 1960s, despite expansions in licensed broadcasting, and the advent of both digital radio and internet radio. Although it peaked in the 1960s and again during the 1980s/1990s, it remains in existence today. Having moved from transmitting from ships in the sea to tower blocks across UK towns and cities, in 2009 the UK broadcasting regulator Ofcom estimated more than 150 pirate radio stations were still operating.

Kool FM
Kool FM, also known as Kool London, is a former London pirate radio station that now broadcasts on DAB and online, playing jungle, drum and bass, and old skool. Kool is generally regarded as being instrumental in the development of the jungle music scene.
Imperial College Union
Imperial College Union is the students' union of Imperial College London. It is host to varied societies and has student bars situated around Albertopolis. The Union is based in the north wing of the Beit Quadrangle on Prince Consort Road.

Royal School of Mines
The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering are also housed within the building. The school as an organisation no longer exists, having been incorporated into the Faculty of Engineering since 2003. Today the Royal School of Mines refers to both the departments associated with the former school, and the Grade II listed Edwardian building by Sir Aston Webb, which is viewed as a classic of academic architecture. The building and relevant student union still carry the name.
Maj Sjöwall
Maj Sjöwall (Swedish pronunciation: [maj ˈɧø̂ːval]; 25 September 1935 – 29 April 2020) was a Swedish author and translator. She is best known for her novels about the police detective Martin Beck. She wrote these novels in collaborative work with her partner Per Wahlöö.

The Laughing Policeman (novel)
The Laughing Policeman is a mystery novel by the Swedish writing duo Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, originally published in Sweden in 1968 as Den skrattande polisen and translated into English in 1970. It is the fourth of ten novels featuring police detective Martin Beck.

In 1971, The Laughing Policeman won an Edgar Award for Best Novel. The 1973 American film The Laughing Policeman is a loose adaptation of the novel.

Jonathan Franzen has written an introduction for a Penguin Random House edition of the book. He describes radically critical image of Sweden as 'comic'. Franzen's 2012 collection of essays Farther Away also contains a reprint of a 2008 piece, "On The Laughing Policeman".
The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu
The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu is a 1980 comedy film, most notable as the final film of Peter Sellers. Based on characters created by Sax Rohmer, the movie stars Sellers in the dual role of Fu Manchu, a megalomaniacal Chinese evil genius, and his nemesis, English gentleman detective Nayland Smith.

Pre-production began with Richard Quine as director. By the time production commenced, Piers Haggard had replaced him. Sellers handled the re-shoots himself. Released two weeks after Sellers' death, the movie was a commercial and critical failure. It was also the final film appearance for David Tomlinson, who retired from acting shortly before its release.

Fu Manchu
Dr. Fu Manchu (Chinese: 傅滿洲/福滿洲; pinyin: Fú Mǎnzhōu) is a supervillain who was introduced in a series of novels by the English author Sax Rohmer beginning shortly before World War I and continuing for another forty years. The character featured in cinema, television, radio, comic strips and comic books for over 100 years, and he has also become an archetype of the evil criminal genius and mad scientist, while lending his name to the Fu Manchu moustache.
Red Ryder
Red Ryder is a Western comic strip created by Stephen Slesinger and artist Fred Harman which served as the basis for a wide array of character merchandising. Syndicated by Newspaper Enterprise Association, the strip ran from Sunday, November 6, 1938, through 1965.

Daisy Outdoor Products
Daisy Outdoor Products (known primarily as Daisy) is an American airgun manufacturer known particularly for their lines of BB guns.  It was formed in 1882 initially as the Plymouth Iron Windmill Company in Plymouth, Michigan, to manufacture steel windmills, and from 1888 started bundling BB-caliber air guns with each windmill purchase as a sales promotion.  With the unrivaled popularity of their 1888-model Daisy BB Guns, the company changed the name to Daisy Manufacturing Company in 1895 and switched their business to solely producing air guns for sale.  Throughout the 20th century, Daisy has been known as a company that makes and sells BB guns and pellet youth rifles. Their Red Ryder BB Gun is perhaps the best known and longest production item, which has been featured in many TV shows and movies since its introduction in the spring of 1940.
Topologies on spaces of linear maps
In mathematics, particularly functional analysis, spaces of linear maps between two vector spaces can be endowed with a variety of topologies. Studying space of linear maps and these topologies can give insight into the spaces themselves.

The article operator topologies discusses topologies on spaces of linear maps between normed spaces, whereas this article discusses topologies on such spaces in the more general setting of topological vector spaces (TVSs).

Uniform space
In the mathematical field of topology, a uniform space is a set with additional structure that is used to define uniform properties, such as completeness, uniform continuity and uniform convergence. Uniform spaces generalize metric spaces and topological groups, but the concept is designed to formulate the weakest axioms needed for most proofs in analysis.

In addition to the usual properties of a topological structure, in a uniform space one formalizes the notions of relative closeness and closeness of points.  In other words, ideas like "x is closer to a than y is to b" make sense in uniform spaces.  By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A,B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A (i.e., in the closure of A), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.
Seax
A seax (Old English pronunciation: [ˈsæɑks]; also sax, sæx, sex; Latinized sachsum) is a small sword, fighting knife or dagger typical of the Germanic peoples of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages, especially the Saxons. The name comes from an Old English word for "knife".

In heraldry, the seax is a charge consisting of a curved sword with a notched blade, appearing, for example, in the coats of arms of Essex and the former Middlesex.

Fighting knife
A  fighting knife has a blade designed to most effectively inflict injury in close-quarters physical confrontations.  The combat knife and the trench knife are examples of military fighting knives.

Fighting knives were traditionally designed as special-purpose weapons, intended primarily if not solely for use in personal or hand-to-hand combat.  This singleness of purpose originally distinguished the fighting knife from the field knife, fighting utility knife, or in modern usage, the tactical knife.  The tactical knife is a knife with one or more military features designed for use in extreme situations, which may or may not include a design capability as a fighting or combat weapon.  Since World War I, the fighting knife in military service has gradually evolved into a dual-purpose or "fighting-utility" knife, suited for both knife fighting and utility roles.  As a consequence, the terms "fighting knife" and "tactical knife" are frequently employed interchangeably.
Justin Paton
Justin Paton (born 1972) is a New Zealand writer, art critic and curator, currently based in Sydney, Australia. His book How to Look at a Painting (2005) was adapted into a 12-episode television series by TVNZ in 2011.

Ockham New Zealand Book Awards
The Ockham New Zealand Book Awards are literary awards presented annually in New Zealand. The awards began in 1996 as the merger of two literary awards events: the New Zealand Book Awards, which ran from 1976 to 1995, and the Goodman Fielder Wattie Book Awards, which ran from 1968 to 1995 (known as the Montana Book Awards from 1994 to 1995).

The awards have changed name several times depending on sponsorship. From 1996 to 2009, the awards were known as the Montana New Zealand Book Awards, and sponsored by Montana Wines. From 2010 until 2014, the awards were known as the New Zealand Post Book Awards. Since 2015, the main sponsors have been property developer Ockham Residential, the Acorn Foundation, Creative New Zealand, Mary and Peter Biggs, Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand and biotech company MitoQ. The awards event is the opening event of the Auckland Writers Festival, held annually in May.
Constructivist teaching methods
Constructivist teaching  is based on constructivism. Constructivist teaching is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving information.

Constructivism (philosophy of education)
Constructivism is a theory that suggests that learners do not passively acquire knowledge through direct instruction. Instead, they construct their understanding through experiences and social interaction, integrating new information with their existing knowledge. This theory originates from Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C2H4 or H2C=CH2. It is a colourless, flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 225 million tonnes in 2022) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward creating polyethylene, which is a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Production emits greenhouse gases, including methane from feedstock production and carbon dioxide from any non-sustainable energy used.

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone and is used in agriculture to induce ripening of fruits. The hydrate of ethylene is ethanol.

1,2-Dichloroethane
The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane, commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon.  It is a colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour. The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl chloride, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automobile parts. 1,2-Dichloroethane is also used generally as an intermediate for other organic chemical compounds, and as a solvent. It forms azeotropes with many other solvents, including water (at a boiling point of 70.5 °C or 158.9 °F or 343.6 K) and other chlorocarbons.
New PowerChutes Gemini
The New Powerchutes Gemini is a South African powered parachute that was designed and produced by New PowerChutes of Alberton, Gauteng. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a complete ready-to-fly-aircraft.

The Gemini was introduced in 2001 and production ended when the company went out of business in about 2006.

New PowerChutes
New PowerChutes (Pty) Ltd (also called New Powerchutes) was a South African aircraft manufacturer based in Alberton, Gauteng. The company specialized in the design and manufacture of powered parachutes in the form of ready-to-fly aircraft.

The company seems to have been founded about 2001 and gone out of business in 2006. The Managing Director was Tim Stiff. The company was a proprietary company under South African law.

The company produced the New PowerChutes Gemini, a two-seat powered parachute design.
Lost in Space (comics)
Lost in Space was a comic book published by Innovation Comics, based upon the television series Lost in Space. It utilized the settings and characters from the series, but was set years after the end of the series, and featured older characters coming to terms with being cut off from Earth for so many years.

Lost in Space
Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series created and produced by Irwin Allen, which originally aired between September 15, 1965, and March 6, 1968, on CBS. Lightly dramatic, sometimes comedic in tone, the series was inspired by the 1812 Johann David Wyss novel The Swiss Family Robinson. The series follows the adventures of the Robinsons, a pioneering family of space colonists who struggle to survive in the depths of space. The show ran for 84 episodes over three seasons. The first season comprised 29 one-hour episodes, filmed in black and white. The 29th episode, however, had a few minutes of color at the end. Seasons 2 and 3 were shot entirely in color.
Berryfields
Berryfields is a Major Development Area (MDA) to the north-west of Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. It is one of two new major housing projects in Aylesbury, the other being Weedon Hill, adjacent and to the east. It is intended that these two areas will provide 5,000 new homes between them by 2021.

The housing development being built at Weedon Hill has formed its own civil parish of Buckingham Park and Berryfields has been a civil parish since 2015.

Aylesbury
Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee or /ˈɛlzbri/ ELLZ-bree) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre.  There is also one of the largest independent Arts Centre in the UK, the Queens Park Arts Centre which recently received the King's Award for Voluntary Service. It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

In 2011 its urban area had a population of 94,238 The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033.
Carte Românească de Învățătură
Carte Românească de Învățătură (Romanian Book of Learning) is the original title of two 17th-century Romanian books, both commissioned by Prince Vasile Lupu of Moldavia and printed in Iași.

Cazania lui Varlaam (The Homiliary of Varlaam), a collection of homilies compiled by Metropolitan Varlaam of Moldavia, published in 1643

Pravila lui Vasile Lupu (The Code of Vasile Lupu), a code of law, printed in 1646

Cazania lui Varlaam
Cazania lui Varlaam (the Homiliary of Varlaam) also known as Carte Romănească de Învățătură (the Romanian Book of Learning) is a book edited by the Metropolitan of Moldavia Varlaam Moțoc in 1643. It is a translation of the Books of Homilies from Slavonic into the Romanian language. It was the first book to be printed in Moldavia, under the patronage of the Prince Vasile Lupu.
RC Pays de Grasse
Racing Club Pays de Grasse is a French association football club founded in 1959. Until 2022 they were known as Racing Club de Grasse. They are based in the town of Grasse and their home stadium is the Stade Jean Girard. Since the 2017–18 season, they play in the Championnat National 2.

Grasse
Grasse (French pronunciation: [ɡʁas]; Provençal Occitan: Grassa in classical norm or Grasso in Mistralian norm [ˈɡɾasɔ]; traditional Italian: Grassa) is the only subprefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region on the French Riviera.

Considered the world's capital of perfume, Grasse obtained two flowers in the Concours des villes et villages fleuris and was made Ville d'Art et d'Histoire (City of Art and History).
Odd Fellows Hall, Boston
Odd Fellows Hall (1872–1932) in Boston, Massachusetts, was built for the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. It occupied a large lot in the South End, at no.515 Tremont Street at Berkeley Street. Architect Joseph Billings designed the structure which had several large meeting rooms: Covenant Hall, Encampment Hall, Friendship Hall, Oasis Hall. Tenants included Emerson College of Oratory. Among the events that took place in the hall: 1892 annual dinner of the Tremont House Waiters’ Association. In January 1932 fire destroyed the building.

Joseph Edward Billings
Joseph E. Billings (August 27, 1820 – August 15, 1880) was an American architect and civil engineer based in Boston during the third quarter of the nineteenth century. From c. 1845 to 1851 and from 1866 until his 1874 he worked in partnership with his brother Hammatt Billings under the name H. & J. E. Billings, and from 1851 to 1853 with Charles F. Sleeper under the name Billings & Sleeper. After the death of Hammatt in 1874 Billings commenced construction of his long-delayed National Monument to the Forefathers in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Rivera International Airport
Pres. Gral. Óscar D. Gestido Binational Airport (IATA: RVY, ICAO: SURV), formerly called Cerro Chapeu International Airport, is an airport serving Rivera, Uruguay, and Santana do Livramento, Brazil.  Since 1999 it is named after Óscar Diego Gestido, 32nd President of Uruguay.

Rivera
Rivera (Spanish pronunciation: [riˈβeɾa]) is the capital of Rivera Department of Uruguay. The border with Brazil joins it with the Brazilian city of Santana do Livramento, which is only a block away from it, at the north end of Route 5. Together, they form an urban area of around 200,000 inhabitants. As of the census of 2011, it is the sixth most populated city of Uruguay.
Rydzyna
Rydzyna (pronounced RI-DZI-NA [rɨˈd͡zɨna]) is a historic town in western Poland, located in the southern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, 10 km south of Leszno, in the Leszno County.

The town's population is 2,446 (2006).

It was the seat of King Stanisław Leszczyński during his first short reign from 1704 to 1709. Rydzyna is commonly referred to as "the pearl of the Polish Baroque" due to its preserved Old Town core and a high abundance of historical monuments.

Leszno County
Leszno County (Polish: powiat leszczyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Leszno, although the city itself is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Leszno County are Rydzyna, which lies 9 km (6 mi) south-east of Leszno, and Osieczna, 10 km (6 mi) north-east of Leszno.

The county covers an area of 804.65 square kilometres (310.7 sq mi). As of 2021 its total population is 58,255, out of which the population of Rydzyna is 9,962, that of Osieczna is 9,311, and the rural population is 38,982.
2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire
The 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire were held on November 4, 2008, to determine who would represent the state of New Hampshire in the United States House of Representatives during the 111th Congress from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011.  Both seats were held by Democratic incumbents before the election, which coincided with the 2008 presidential election, as well as the state's senatorial and gubernatorial elections.

The primary election was held on September 9, 2008.  Republicans selected Former Representative Jeb Bradley and newspaper columnist and radio show host Jennifer Horn to challenge incumbent Representatives Carol Shea-Porter and Paul Hodes.  Although CQ Politics had forecast the First Congressional District to be at risk for a change of party control, both incumbents were re-elected.

Robert Clegg Jr.
Robert E. Clegg Jr. (April 27, 1954 – August 31, 2023) was an American politician, a Republican state senator from New Hampshire's 14th district, and who ran unsuccessfully for Congress in New Hampshire's 2nd congressional district.
Inuvik
Inuvik is the only town in the Inuvik Region, and the third largest community in Canada's Northwest Territories. Located in the Beaufort Delta Region, it serves as the region's administrative and service centre. Inuvik is home to federal, territorial, and Indigenous government offices, along with a regional hospital and airport.

Inuvik is located on the northern edge of a boreal forest just before it begins to transition to tundra. It is on the east side of the enormous Mackenzie River delta. The town lies within the Gwich'in Settlement Region and the Inuvialuit Settlement Region.

Sachs Harbour
Sachs Harbour (/sæks/ SAKS; Inuinnaqtun: Ikaahuk) is a hamlet located in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. Situated on the southwestern coast of Banks Island in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, the population according to the 2021 census count was 104 people. Sachs Harbour is the only permanent settlement on Banks Island.
Simplex tree
In topological data analysis, a simplex tree is a type of trie used to represent efficiently any general simplicial complex. Through its nodes, this data structure notably explicitly represents all the simplices. Its flexible structure allows the implementation of many basic operations useful to computing persistent homology. This data structure was invented by Jean-Daniel Boissonnat and Clément Maria in 2014, in the article The Simplex Tree: An Efficient Data Structure for General Simplicial Complexes. This data structure offers efficient operations on sparse simplicial complexes. For dense or maximal simplices, Skeleton-Blocker representations or Toplex Map representations are used.

Simplicial complex
In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a structured set of simplices (for example, points, line segments, triangles, and their n-dimensional counterparts) such that all the faces and intersections of the elements are also included in the set (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with the more abstract notion of a simplicial set appearing in modern simplicial homotopy theory. The purely combinatorial counterpart to a simplicial complex is an abstract simplicial complex. To distinguish a simplicial complex from an abstract simplicial complex, the former is often called a geometric simplicial complex.: 7
Daisuke Imanaka
Daisuke Imanaka (今中 大介, Imanaka Daisuke; born 24 July 1963, in Hiroshima, Hiroshima) is a Japanese former professional racing cyclist, who helped to pioneer professional cycling in Japan. Following the lead of Masatoshi Ichikawa, he rode professionally in Europe for the Italian Team Polti and in 1995 became the second Japanese to compete in the Giro d'Italia (after Ichikawa). In 1996, he became the second Japanese to start the Tour de France (after Kisso Kawamuro). On both occasions, he had to retire before finishing the race. His major victories include three wins in the Tour de Hokkaido. He is now a frequent commentator on broadcasts of cycling races in Japan and also serves as technical adviser for Team Ukyo.

Kisso Kawamuro
Kisso Kawamuro (川室 競, Kawamuro Kisou; August 1892, in Yokohama – 1973) was a pioneering Japanese racing cyclist. His name is also rendered "Kiso" ("Kisou" is the correct romanization in modified Hepburn).
Villa Group
The Villa Group is one of the largest business entities in the Maldives. The holding company Villa Shipping and Trading Company Pvt. Ltd. is a private conglomerate which is amongst the largest private business in the Maldives with major operations in Shipping, Import and Export, General Trade and Tourism, fishing, media, communication, transport and education related Businesses. Foundation of Villa Group can be traced back to 1986 when Qasim Ibrahim registered a Shipping and Trading company named 'Villa', the common trade name.

Villa Air
Villa Air is a Maldivian airline. It flies to only one destination, Maamigili, using four turboprop aircraft. Their headquarters are in the Villa House in Malé. The airline is a subsidiary of Villa Group, and began operations on 1 October 2011.  The company slogan is We fly you in style.