hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Tibetan script
The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system, or abugida, forming a part of the Brahmic scripts, and used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Jirel and Balti. Its exact origins are a subject of research but is traditionally considered to be developed by Thonmi Sambhota for King Songtsen Gampo.

The Tibetan script has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as Thakali and Nepali. The printed form is called uchen script while the hand-written form used in everyday writing is called umê script. This writing system is especially used across the Himalayan Region.

Umê script
Umê (Tibetan: དབུ་མེད་, Wylie: dbu-med, IPA: [ume]; variant spellings include ume, u-me) is a semi-formal script used to write the Tibetan alphabet used for both calligraphy and shorthand. The name ume means "headless" and refers to its distinctive feature: the absence of the horizontal guide line ('head') across the top of the letters. Between syllables, the tseg mark (་) often appears as a vertical stroke, rather than the shorter 'dot'-like mark in some other scripts. There are two main kinds of umê writing:

Drutsa (Tibetan: འབྲུ་ཚ་, Wylie: 'bru-tsa), used for writing documents.

Bêtsug (Tibetan: དཔེ་ཚུགས་, Wylie: dpe-tshugs), used for writing scriptures.

Other Tibetan scripts include the upright block form, uchen (Tibetan: དབུ་ཅན་, Wylie: dbu-can; IPA: [utɕɛ̃]) and the everyday, handwritten cursive, gyug yig (Tibetan: རྒྱུག་ཡིག་, Wylie: rgyug-yig). The name of the block form, uchen means "with a head", corresponding to the presence of the horizontal guide line.
Xinshao County
Xinshao County (simplified Chinese: 新邵县; traditional Chinese: 新邵縣; pinyin: Xīnshào Xiàn) is a county in the Province of Hunan, China. It is under the administration of Shaoyang City. Located in central Hunan, the county is bordered to the north by Lianyuan City, Lengshuijiang City and Xinhua County, to the west by Longhui County, and to the south by Shaoyang County and the city proper of Shaoyang. Xinshao County covers an area of 1,763 km2 (681 sq mi), and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 828,100 and a permanent resident population of 769,700. The county has 13 towns and two townships under its jurisdiction, and the county seat is Niangxi (酿溪镇).

Shaoyang
Shaoyang (simplified Chinese: 邵阳; traditional Chinese: 邵陽; pinyin: Shàoyáng), formerly named Baoqing (Paoking) (Chinese: 宝庆), is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Hunan province, China, bordering Guangxi to the south. It has a history of 2500 years and remains an important commercial and transportation city in Hunan. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its total population was 6,563,520 inhabitants, of whom 1,415,173 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts and Xinshao County largely conurbated.

One of the major forest areas in Hunan, Shaoyang has a forest coverage of 42.7%. The 23,000,000-acre (93,000 km2) NanShan Pastures is one of the biggest in South Central China and provide dairy products and meat for Hunanese.

Shaoyang is home to Shaoyang University. The school is composed of the former Shaoyang Normal College and Shaoyang College.

The Shaoyang dialect of Lou Shao group of dialects of Xiang is generally spoken here.
St. Joseph Academy (Florida)
St. Joseph Academy Catholic High School is a private Catholic high school in unincorporated St. Johns County, Florida (with a St. Augustine postal address). It is located in and administered by the Roman Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine. The oldest Catholic high school in Florida, it was founded in 1866.

Diocese of St. Augustine
The Diocese of St. Augustine (Latin: Dioecesis Sancti Augustini) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church, located in the northeastern section of Florida in the United States. It includes the cities of St. Augustine, Jacksonville, and Gainesville.

The Diocese of St. Augustine is a suffragan diocese in the Ecclesiastical Province of Miami, covering much of North Florida. The bishop's seat is the Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine. As of 2023, the current bishop is Erik T. Pohlmeier.

On March 11, 1870, the Vatican erected the Diocese of St. Augustine. It covered most of the Florida peninsula until the 1950s, when Florida's expanding population necessitated the creation of new dioceses (until 1958 it was the only Catholic See in Florida).
Gidan
Gidan (Amharic: ጊዳን) is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone, Gidan is bordered on the south by Guba Lafto, on the southwest by Meket, on the west by Lasta (formerly part of Bugna), on the north by the Tigray Region, and on the east by Kobo. The administrative center of the woreda is Muja town, another small towns in Gidan include Debre Tsehay, Densa, Bekilo Mneqia, Iyella, Dildiy, Asikit, and Wonday.

Guba Lafto
Guba Lafto (Amharic: ጉባ ላፍቶ) is one of the woredas in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Semien Wollo Zone, Guba Lafto is bordered on the south by the Debub Wollo Zone, on the west by Delanta and Wadla, on the northwest by Meket, on the north by Gidan, on the northeast by the Logiya River which separates it from Kobo, and on the southeast by Habru. Weldiya is an enclave inside this woreda. Towns in this woreda include Hara.
Nattō
Nattō (納豆) is a traditional Japanese food made from whole soybeans that have been fermented with Bacillus subtilis var. natto. It is often served as a breakfast food with rice. It is served with karashi mustard, soy or tare sauce, and sometimes Japanese bunching onion. Within Japan, nattō is most popular in the eastern regions, including Kantō, Tōhoku, and Hokkaido.

Nattō is often considered an acquired taste because of its powerful smell, strong flavor, and sticky, slimy texture. A 2009 survey revealed that 70% of the 3,827 respondents found the taste pleasant, and others who may not find the taste pleasant still eat the food out of habit.

Kinema
Kinema (Nepali: किनेमा) (Limbu: ᤁᤡᤏᤠᤶᤒᤠ, Kinaamba in Limbu) is a fermented soybean food, originated among the Limbu people and now prepared by the Kirat (किराँत) community of the Eastern Himalayas region: Eastern Nepal, and Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Sikkim regions of India. Kinema, also known as kinama, is a traditional food of the Limbu people.
Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
The vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was the second-highest rank within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after the chairman from 1956 to 1982. The position was phased out after 1982 in order to remove the "Chairman" position from any government posting, resigning it solely to the late Mao Zedong.

All vice chairmen were members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
The chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会主席; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí) was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The position was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982, being replaced by the general secretary. Offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1922–1923 and 1928–1931, respectively.
Universal logic
Universal logic is the field of logic that studies the features common to all logical systems, aiming to be to logic what universal algebra is to algebra. A number of approaches to universal logic have been proposed since the twentieth century, using model theoretical, and categorical approaches.

Jean-Yves Béziau
Jean-Yves Beziau (French: [bezjo]; born January 15, 1965, in Orléans, France) is a Swiss Professor in logic at the University of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, and Researcher of the Brazilian Research Council. He is permanent member and former president of the Brazilian Academy of Philosophy. Before going to Brazil, he was Professor of the Swiss National Science Foundation at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland and researcher at Stanford University working with Patrick Suppes. Beziau created the World Logic Day, January 14, 2019. He then visited UNESCO in Paris and the day was recognized at unanimity the same year by the general assembly of this organization (194 countries).
Audie Award for Autobiography or Memoir
The Audie Award for Autobiography or Memoir is one of the Audie Awards presented annually by the Audio Publishers Association (APA). It awards excellence in narration, production, and content for an audiobook autobiography or memoir released in a given year. It has been awarded since 2015 when it was broken apart, along with the Audie Award for History or Biography, from the Audie Award for Biography or Memoir (awarded since 2003).

Audie Awards
The Audie Awards (/ˈɔːdi/ AW-dee, rhymes with "gaudy"; abbreviated from audiobook), or simply the Audies, are awards for achievement in spoken word, particularly audiobook narration and audiodrama performance, published in the United States of America. They are presented by the Audio Publishers Association (APA) annually in March.

The Audies are sometimes likened to the Academy Awards for their public recognition of merit in the audio industry. In order to win, works must be submitted for nomination. A panel of judges considers candidates based on consumer acceptance, sales performance, and marketing, and winners and finalists are chosen based on narration, production quality, and source content; formerly packaging was also evaluated.
Saitama (city)
Saitama (さいたま市, Saitama-shi; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜi.ta.ma, sai.ta.maꜜ.ɕi]) is the capital and largest city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Its area incorporates the former cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono and Iwatsuki. It is a city designated by government ordinance. As of 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 1,324,854, and a population density of 6,093 people per km2 (15,781 people per sq mi). Its total area is 217.43 square kilometres (83.95 sq mi).

New Shuttle
The New Shuttle (ニューシャトル, Nyū Shatoru) is a manually driven rubber-tyred people mover system in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway company Saitama New Urban Transit Co., Ltd. (埼玉新都市交通株式会社, Saitama Shin Toshi Kōtsū Kabushiki-gaisha).

The 12.7-kilometre (7.9 mi) Ina Line (伊奈線, Ina-sen) that runs north from Ōmiya Station in Saitama, Saitama, alongside the Tohoku Shinkansen and Joetsu Shinkansen elevated high-speed lines through Ageo to Uchijuku Station in Ina in Saitama Prefecture in the Greater Tokyo Area is the only route that is run on the system. The line is double tracked from Ōmiya Station to Maruyama Station and single tracked from Maruyama to Uchijuku Station.

Saitama New Urban Transit is a kabushiki gaisha whose major shareholders include the East Japan Railway Company, Tobu Railway, banks, Saitama prefectural government, and the cities and the town served.
Tom Slick
Thomas Baker Slick Jr. (May 6, 1916 – October 6, 1962) was a San Antonio, Texas-based inventor, businessman, adventurer, and heir to an oil business. Slick's father, Thomas Baker Slick Sr., a.k.a. "The King of the Wildcatters", had made a fortune during the Oklahoma oil boom of the 1910s. He was notable for discovering Oklahoma's then-largest oil field, the Cushing Oil Field.

Lift slab construction
Lift slab construction (also called the Youtz-Slick Method) is a method of constructing concrete buildings by casting the floor or roof slab on top of the previous slab and then raising (jacking) the slab up with hydraulic jacks. This method of construction allows for a large portion of the work to be completed at ground level, negating the need to form floor work in place. The ability to create monolithic concrete slabs makes the lift slab construction technique useful in quickly creating structures with repetitive form work, like parking ramps.
North Macedonia men's national handball team
The Macedonian national handball team is the national handball team of North Macedonia. The team is run by the Macedonian Handball Federation, the governing body of handball in North Macedonia. Prior to joining the International Handball Federation in 1991 as an independent country, North Macedonia was represented within the Yugoslavia men's national handball team.

Macedonian Handball Federation
The Macedonian Handball Federation (Macedonian: Ракометна федерација на Македонија;) commonly known by its acronym, RFM, is the national governing body of handball in North Macedonia. Its headquarters are in Skopje and it reestablish its membership as a single Republic of the EHF and IHF in 1993. Macedonian Handball Federation is responsible for the organization and governance of handball's major local championships in the country and also runs the Macedonian Men's and Women's national teams.

It organizes the following leagues:

Men's VIP Super league

Women's Skopsko Super league

"I league"

Mladinska liga

WINNER Kadetska liga

SPARKASSE Pionerska liga
Decline of the Dharma
The Decline of the Dharma or Ages of the Dharma, refers to traditional Buddhist accounts of how the Buddhist religion and the Buddha's teaching (Dharma) is believed to decline throughout history. It constitutes a key aspect of Buddhist eschatology and provides a cyclical model of history, beginning with a virtuous age where spiritual practice is very fruitful and ending with an age of strife, in which Buddhism is eventually totally forgotten. Buddhist accounts of this process culminate in the eventual arrival of a new Buddha, Maitreya.

There are various accounts of this process of Dharma decline, which begins with Shakyamuni Buddha's death and continues throughout the generations as society and its knowledge of the Buddha's teachings decline over the centuries.

Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra
The Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Sūtra (Chinese: 大方等大集經, pinyin: Dàfāng děng dà jí jīng, Great Extensive Great Collection Sūtra) is a Mahayana Buddhist anthology of Mahayana sutras.

The sutra was translated into Chinese three times. The only extant copy of the entire collection is found in Chinese, though the individual sutras can be found in Sanskrit and in the Tibetan canon. The anthology consists of 17 sutras across 60 fascicles.
Tianshui
Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city (behind the provincial capital Lanzhou). Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of  the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.

China National Highway 310
China National Highway 310 (G310) runs northwest from Lianyungang, Jiangsu towards Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi provinces, and ends in Tianshui, Gansu. It was originally 1613 kilometres in length, but was later extended westward to Gonghe County in Qinghai.

It runs parallel to the important G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway and Longhai railway east-west transport corridors.
Breda Ba.88 Lince
The Breda Ba.88 Lince ("Lynx") was a ground-attack aircraft used by the Italian Regia Aeronautica during World War II. Its streamlined design and retractable undercarriage were advanced for the time, and after its debut in 1937 the aircraft established several world speed records. When military equipment was installed on production examples, problems of instability developed and the aeroplane's general performance deteriorated. Eventually its operational career was cut short, and the remaining Ba.88 airframes were used as fixed installations on airfields to mislead enemy reconnaissance. It represented, perhaps, the most remarkable failure of any operational aircraft to see service in World War II.

Breda-SAFAT machine gun
Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 7,7  and Breda Mod. SAFAT cal. 12,7, also known as Breda Mod. SAFAT 7.7 and Breda Mod. SAFAT 12.7, 7.7mm Breda-SAFAT and 12.7mm Breda-SAFAT, or more commonly as Breda-SAFAT 7.7 and Breda-SAFAT 12.7 were two Italian machine guns designed for aircraft use. Designed by Giuseppe Mascarucci, the guns were chambered to fire the standard ammunition in service with the Regia Aeronautica: 7.7 mm (0.303 in) and 12.7 mm (0.500 in) calibres, predominantly ball, tracer for the 7.7mm, including high explosive incendiary tracer (HEI-T) (filled with 0.8 grams of PETN), or armour-piercing (AP) for the 12.7mm.
Treble (rugby league)
In British rugby league, winning the Treble currently refers to winning the Super League Grand Final, League Leaders' Shield, and Challenge Cup in the same season. Up until 1973 this was achieved by winning the Championship Final, finishing top of the league during the regular season, and winning the Challenge Cup.

Between 1973 and 1996, following the abolition of the Championship Final, the league leaders were declared season champions. In this era, the Premiership was the third trophy required for the treble.

Only six teams have completed the treble, and it has only been achieved five times during the Super League era. Wigan Warriors are the most successful team, winning the treble on four occasions.

World Club Challenge
The World Club Challenge is an annual rugby league competition between the winners of the Australian National Rugby League and the British Super League, for the de facto club world championship of the sport.

Super League sides have won the competition 16 times with National Rugby League sides having 14 wins.

The first such match was played in 1976, although this was not an official competitive game. The first official World Club Challenge saw Widnes Vikings beat Canberra Raiders 30–18 at Old Trafford on 4 October 1989, after which it became a semi-regular fixture, though was paused in the 1990s due to the Super League war. The competition has been held almost every year since 2000.

Sydney Roosters and Wigan Warriors have both won the competition 5 times, the joint highest in all formats since the competition began.

Hull KR are the most recent champions after winning the 2026 event, defeating the Brisbane Broncos 30–24 at the MKM Stadium.
Queen's Bridge (New Jersey)
The Queen's Bridge is a bridge spanning the Raritan River that connects South Bound Brook and Bound Brook, both of which are in Somerset County, New Jersey. The bridge carries South Main Street across the river.

South Bound Brook, New Jersey
South Bound Brook is a borough in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 4,863, an increase of 300 (+6.6%) from the 2010 census count of 4,563, which in turn reflected an increase of 71 (+1.6%) from the 4,492 counted in the 2000 census.

What is now South Bound Brook was originally formed as a town within Franklin Township. On March 16, 1869, the name of the community was changed to Bloomington, which lasted until May 29, 1891, when the name reverted to South Bound Brook town. South Bound Brook was incorporated as an independent borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 11, 1907, based on the results of a referendum held on May 1, 1907.
9K33 Osa
The 9K33 Osa (Russian: 9К33 «Оса»; English: "wasp"; NATO reporting name SA-8 Gecko) is a highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-air missile system developed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and fielded in 1972. Its export version name is Romb.

R-73 (missile)
The Vympel R-73 (NATO reporting name AA-11 Archer) is a short-range IR-homing air-to-air missile developed by Vympel NPO that entered service in 1984. It was later developed into the more advanced R-74.
Thomas Carson (bishop)
Christianity portal

Thomas Carson, LLD  (27 August 1805 – 7 July 1874) was a 19th-century Irish Anglican Bishop.

Carson was born in County Monaghan and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held incumbencies at Urney, Cavan and then Cloon. Next he was Archdeacon of Ardagh, and after that Vicar general and then Dean of Kilmore in 1860 before elevation in 1870 to the episcopate as the 5th bishop of the United Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh. He married Eleanor Anne Burton in about 1833, and their son Rev. Thomas William Carson (20 Dec 1834 -1895) was a noted early collector of bookplates.

Dean of Kilmore
The Dean of Kilmore is based at the Cathedral Church of St Fethlimidh in Kilmore in the Diocese of Kilmore within the united bishopric of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh. Prior to the 1841 amalgamation the cathedral was in the bishopric of Kilmore and Ardagh.

The current dean is the Very Reverend Nigel Crossey, former chaplain at St Columba's College.
Lionel Herbert Clarke
Lionel Herbert Clarke (July 20, 1859 – August 29, 1921) was a Guelph-born businessman and the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Canada. In 1911, he was appointed the first chairman of the Toronto Harbour Commission

The son of William Clarke and Clara Piggott Strange, he was educated in Port Hope. In 1891, Clarke married Anne Clara Gertrude Small.

In 1893, Lionel partnered with "barley king" Wilmot Deloui Matthews as L. H. Clarke and Company, malt dealers, then in 1900 they established the Canada Malting Company Limited of which Clarke became president in 1908.

Clarke was appointed lieutenant governor November 20, 1919. Diagnosed with stomach cancer, Clarke died at Government House, Toronto. After a state funeral, he was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.

Wilmot Deloui Matthews
Wilmot Deloui Matthews (22 June 1850 – 24 May 1919) was a Canadian businessman and owner of W. D. Matthews and Company. He also served as a director of Dominion Bank, Hamilton Steel and Iron Company Limited, Canadian Pacific Railway, Canadian General Electric Company Limited and was president of the Toronto Board of Trade.
Michel Robin
Michel Robin (13 November 1930 – 18 November 2020) was a French film, stage, and television actor. A sociétaire of the Comédie-Française since 1996, he also appeared in 120 films from 1966 to 2018. He won several awards for his acting, including the Moliere Award for Best Supporting Actor and the Grand Jury Prize winner at the Locarno Festival in 1979.

Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française
The sociétaires of the Comédie-Française are chosen from among the pensionnaires who have been in the company a year or more.

They are decided upon in the course of a general assembly of the company's administrative committee, made up of six existing sociétaires, the senior sociétaire, and the general administrator.  A pensionnaire is thus named a societaire by a decree of the Ministry of Culture, from names put forward by the general administrator of the Comédie-Française.  On becoming a sociétaire, an actor automatically becomes a member of the Société des Comédiens-Français and receives a share of the profits as well as receiving a number of shares in the société to which he or she is contractually linked.

After his or her retirement, a sociétaire can continue to act, becoming an honorary sociétaire.  The senior member of the Comédie-Française is not the oldest sociétaire, but the sociétaire who has been with the company longest (since their entering it as a pensionnaire).
Old Town Hall, Ellesmere
The Old Town Hall is a municipal building in the High Street in Ellesmere, Shropshire, England. The structure, which was the meeting place of Ellesmere Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

Ellesmere, Shropshire
Ellesmere (/ˈɛlzmɪər/ ELZ-meer) is a town in the civil parish of Ellesmere Urban, in Shropshire, England; it is located near to the Welsh border, the towns of Oswestry and Whitchurch, and the Welsh city of Wrexham. It is notable for its proximity to a number of prominent meres.