hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Longido, Longido District
Longido or Longido Town (Kata na Mji wa Lingido in Swahili)  is an administrative ward and district capital located in the Longido District of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. The ward is bordered to the south on three sides by Orbomba ward and to the north by Kimokouwa ward. It is the administrative seat for Longido District. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 2,241. Longido is at the foot of Mount Longido.

Longido District, Arusha
Longido District (Wilaya ya Longido in Swahili) is one of seven districts of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. The district is bordered to the east by the Ngorongoro District, to the south west  by the Monduli District and southeast by the Arusha Rural District and Meru District. To the far east by Siha District of Kilimanjaro Region and the north by Kenya. It covers an area of 7,885 km2 (3,044 sq mi). The district is comparable in size to the land area of Puerto Rico. Longido District was created in 2007 from Monduli District. Mount Longido, Gelai and Kitumbeine volcano are all located within the boundaries of the district. The administrative seat is the town of Longido. According to the 2022 census, the population of the district was 175,915. Longido District is known as Arusha's gem district, as it is home to Anyolite and Rubies.
Battle of Caseros
The Battle of Caseros (Spanish: Batalla de Caseros; Portuguese: Batalha de Caseros) was fought near the town of El Palomar, Argentina, on 3 February 1852, between forces of the Argentine Confederation, commanded by Juan Manuel de Rosas, and a coalition consisting of the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay.

The allied forces, known as the Grand Army (Ejército Grande), defeated Rosas, who fled to the United Kingdom. This defeat marked a sharp division in the history of Argentina. After the battle, Justo José de Urquiza, a caudillo and governor of Entre Ríos, became the provisional Director of the Argentine Confederation and sponsored the creation of the country's constitution in 1853, later becoming the first constitutional president of Argentina in 1854.

Ángel Pacheco (general)
Ángel Pacheco (April 13, 1793 – September 25, 1869), was an Argentine military officer trained by José de San Martín who later became one of the top commanders in the Confederacy during the government of Juan Manuel de Rosas. He never lost a battle in which he was in command.
Ameixoeira
Ameixoeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐmɐjʃuˈɐjɾɐ]) was a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Lisbon. It had a population of 9,644 inhabitants and a total area of 1.62 km². With the 2012 Administrative Reform, the parish merged with the Charneca parish into a new one named Santa Clara.

Charneca, Lisbon
Charneca or Charneca do Lumiar (English: Lumiar heathland), was a Portuguese parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Lisbon. It was created in 1585. Between 1852 and 1886 this parish was part of the former municipality of Olivais. With the 2012 Administrative Reform, the parish merged with the Ameixoeira parish into a new one named Santa Clara.
Sleight of hand
Sleight of hand (also known as prestidigitation or legerdemain (listenⓘ) comprises fine motor skills used by performing artists in different art forms to entertain or manipulate. It is closely associated with close-up magic, card magic, card flourishing and stealing. Because of its heavy use and practice by magicians, sleight of hand is often confused as a branch of magic; however, it is a separate genre of entertainment and many artists practice sleight of hand as an independent skill. Sleight of hand pioneers with worldwide acclaim include Dan and Dave, Ricky Jay, Derek DelGaudio, David Copperfield, Yann Frisch, Norbert Ferré, Dai Vernon, Jerry Sadowitz, Cardini, Tony Slydini, Helder Guimarães, Tom Mullica, and Jason Ladanye.

Dai Vernon
David Frederick Wingfield Verner (June 11, 1894 – August 21, 1992), better known by his stage names Dai Vernon (pronounced alternatively as "DIE" or as "DAY" as in David) or The Professor, was a Canadian magician.

Vernon's sleight of hand technique and knowledge, particularly with card tricks and close-up magic, garnered him respect among fellow magicians, and he was a mentor to them.

From 1963, he worked at and lived out his last decades at the Magic Castle, an exclusive specialty nightclub in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Vernon retired officially from performing in 1990 at the age of 96.
Nakatsugawa-juku
Nakatsugawa-juku (中津川宿, Nakatsugawa-juku) was the forty-fifth of the sixty-nine stations of the Nakasendō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It is located in former Mino Province in what is now part of the city of Nakatsugawa, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Nakatsugawa
Nakatsugawa (中津川市, Nakatsugawa-shi) is a city located in Gifu, Japan. As of 31 December 2018, the city had an estimated population of 78,930, and a population density of 120 persons per km2 in 30,788 households. The total area of the city was 676.45 square kilometres (261.18 sq mi).
Jambudvīpa
Jambudvīpa (Pali: Jambudīpa) is a term for the Indian Subcontinent, often used in ancient Indian sources.

The term comes from ancient Indian cosmogony and is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning 'island' or 'continent'. The term Jambudvīpa was used by Ashoka to describe his realm in the 3rd century BC. The same term is also found in subsequent texts, for instance the Kannada inscriptions from the 10th century CE, to refer to the region, presumably ancient India.

The word Jambudvīpa literally means 'the land of jambu trees', with jambu being the Sanskrit term for the Syzygium cumini tree.

Buddhist cosmology
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.

It consists of a temporal and a spatial cosmology. The temporal cosmology describes the timespan of the creation and dissolvement of alternate universes in different aeons. The spatial cosmology consists of a vertical cosmology, the various planes of beings, into which beings are reborn due to their merits and development; and a horizontal cosmology, the distribution of these world-systems into an  infinite sheet of existential dimensions included in the cycle of samsara.   The entire universe is said to be made up of five basic elements of Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space. Buddhist cosmology is also intwined with the belief of Karma. As a result, some ages are filled with prosperity and peace due to common goodness, whereas other eras are filled with suffering, dishonesty and short lifespans.
Paul Terry (cartoonist)
Paul Houlton Terry (February 19, 1887 – October 25, 1971) was an American cartoonist, animator, screenwriter, film director and producer. He produced over 1,300 cartoons between 1915 and 1955 including the many Terrytoons cartoons. His studio's most famous character is Mighty Mouse, and also created Heckle and Jeckle, Gandy Goose and Dinky Duck.

Aesop's Fables (film series)
Aesop's Fables (previously titled Aesop's Film Fables and Aesop's Sound Fables) is a series of animated short subjects, created by American cartoonist Paul Terry. Produced from 1921 to 1934, the series includes The Window Washers (1925), Scrambled Eggs (1926), Small Town Sheriff (1927), Dinner Time (1928), and Gypped in Egypt (1930). Dinner Time is the first cartoon with a synchronized soundtrack ever released to the public.
FAW-Volkswagen
FAW-Volkswagen Automobile Co., Ltd. is a joint venture between FAW Group and Volkswagen Group which manufactures Audi and Volkswagen marque passenger cars for sale in China. It was founded on 6 February 1991.

FAW-VW is headquartered in the south-western fringes of Changchun, Jilin Province, where it also has two vehicle assembly plants. It has an additional assembly plant in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and a fourth plant is under construction in Foshan, Guangdong Province. FAW-VW is capable of producing the cars based on the platforms of PQ34, PQ35 and PQ46.

FAW-VW's year-on-year production volume exceeded 513,000 units as of 31 July 2009.

Volkswagen Jetta
The Volkswagen Jetta (listenⓘ) is a compact car/small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen since 1979. Positioned to fill a sedan niche slightly above the firm's Golf hatchback, it has been marketed over seven generations, variously as the Atlantic, Vento, Bora, City Jetta, Jetta City, GLI, Jetta, Clasico, and Sagitar (in China).

The Jetta has been offered in two- and four-door saloon / sedan and sometimes as five-door wagon / estate versions. Since the original version in 1980, the car has grown in size and power with each generation. By mid-2011, almost 10 million Jettas have been produced and sold all over the world. As of April 2014, Volkswagen marketed over 14 million, becoming its top selling model.
Hume's principle
In the foundations of mathematics, Hume's principle or HP says that, given two collections of objects  and  with properties  and  respectively, the number of objects with property  is equal to the number of objects with property  if and only if there is a one-to-one correspondence (a bijection) between  and . In other words, that bijections are the "correct" way of measuring size.

HP can be stated formally in systems of second-order logic. It is named for the Scottish philosopher David Hume and was coined by George Boolos. The principle plays a central role in Gottlob Frege's philosophy of mathematics. Frege shows that HP and suitable definitions of arithmetical notions entail all axioms of what we now call second-order arithmetic. This result is known as Frege's theorem, which is the foundation for a philosophy of mathematics known as neo-logicism.

Logicism
In philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a school of thought comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead championed this programme, initiated by Gottlob Frege and subsequently developed by Richard Dedekind and Giuseppe Peano.
Barbara, Gaza
Barbara (Arabic: برْبره) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict located 17 km northeast of Gaza city, in the vicinity of modern Ashkelon. It had an entirely Arab population of 2,410 in 1945. The village consisted of nearly 14,000 dunums of which approximately 12,700 dunums was able to be cultivated. It was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine
The Gaza Subdistrict (Arabic: قضاء غزة; Hebrew: נפת עזה) was one of the subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine. It was situated in the southern Mediterranean coastline of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the district disintegrated, with Israel controlling the northern and eastern portions while Egypt held control of the southern and central parts – which became the Gaza Strip, under Egyptian military between 1948 and 1967, Israeli military rule between 1967 and 2005, part of the Palestinian National Authority (with some aspects of retained Israeli rule until the 2005 withdrawal) after the Oslo Accords until 2007, and is currently ruled by the Hamas as a de facto separate entity from the Palestinian National Authority. The parts which Israel held since 1948 were merged into Israeli administrative districts, their connection with Gaza severed.
1977–78 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 12th World Cup season began in December 1977 and concluded in March 1978.  Ingemar Stenmark of Sweden won his third consecutive overall title.  Hanni Wenzel of Liechtenstein won the women's overall title.

A break in the schedule was for the 1978 World Championships, held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, West Germany, between 29 January and 5 February 1978.

During this season, no combined races were included in the World Cup. Combined was resumed in the following season 1978/79.  A demonstration parallel slalom race was run as the last race of the season, in Arosa, Switzerland on 19 March 1978, but it did not count in the official standings for either men or women.  However, it became the model for a season-ending team parallel slalom race to be run as a part of the season-ending events.

FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts that included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and the USA (Bob Beattie). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile, and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut, Lebanon.

The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden, West Germany, a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were the overall winners for the first two seasons.
Average order of an arithmetic function
In number theory, an average order of an arithmetic function is some simpler or better-understood function which takes the same values "on average".

Let  be an arithmetic function. We say that an average order of  is  if

as  tends to infinity.

It is conventional to choose an approximating function  that is continuous and monotone. But even so an average order is of course not unique.

In cases where the limit

exists, it is said that  has a mean value (average value) . If in addition the constant  is not zero, then the constant function  is an average order of .

Arithmetic function
In number theory, an arithmetic, arithmetical, or number-theoretic function is generally any function whose domain is the set of positive integers and whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. Hardy & Wright include in their definition the requirement that an arithmetical function "expresses some arithmetical property of n". There is a larger class of number-theoretic functions that do not fit this definition, for example, the prime-counting functions. This article provides links to functions of both classes.

An example of an arithmetic function is the divisor function whose value at a positive integer n is equal to the number of divisors of n.

Arithmetic functions are often extremely irregular (see table), but some of them have series expansions in terms of Ramanujan's sum.
Hackney Downs School
Hackney Downs School was an 11–16 boys, community comprehensive secondary school in Lower Clapton, Greater London, England. It was established in 1876 and closed in 1995. It has been replaced by the Mossbourne Community Academy.

Stanley Clinton-Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis
Stanley Clinton Clinton-Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis, PC (born Stanley Clinton Davis, 6 December 1928 – 11 June 2023) was a British politician and solicitor. A member of the Labour Party, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney Central from 1970 to 1983, and was a minister in the Labour governments of Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Tony Blair. He was European Commissioner in the Delors Commission (1985–1989). In 1990, he became a life peer, sitting on the Labour benches in the House of Lords until his retirement in 2018.
Pralormo
Pralormo is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, about 25 km southeast of Turin.

Pralormo borders the following municipalities: Poirino, Cellarengo, Montà, Ceresole Alba, Santo Stefano Roero, and Monteu Roero.

Cellarengo
Cellarengo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Asti.

Cellarengo borders the following municipalities: Isolabella, Montà, Poirino, Pralormo, and Valfenera.
Mac Fhirbhisigh
MacFirbis (Irish: Mac Fhirbhisigh), also known as Forbes, was the surname of a family of Irish hereditary historians based for much of their known history at Lecan, Tireragh (now Lackan, Kilglass parish, County Sligo). 
They claimed descent from Dathí (d.418?/428?), said to be one of the last pagan Kings of Connacht, and were thus one of the many families who sprang from the Uí Fiachrach dynasty. The progenitors of the MacFirbis family descend from Amhailgadh, whose brothers included Fiachra Ealg (ancestor of O'Dowd) and Eocha Breac (ancestor of O'Shaughnessy).

Forbes (name)
Forbes is a surname and a rare given name. The surname derives from the Scottish Clan Forbes (after a toponym, from Gaelic forba "field"). Descendants of the Scottish clan have also been present in Ireland since the 17th century. The name of an unrelated Irish sept, Mac Fhirbhisigh or MacFirbis, was also anglicised as Forbes.

Notable people with the name include:
Wallisellen–Uster–Rapperswil railway line
The Wallisellen–Uster–Rapperswil railway line is a railway line in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. It is also known as the Glatthalbahn, Glatttalbahn or Glattalbahn (Gl-TB), although the latter name is now more commonly used to refer to the Stadtbahn Glattal, a nearby light rail system.

The line runs from Wallisellen, where it diverges from the Zürich–Winterthur line to Uster and Rapperswil. A second link from Zürich, via the Zürichberg Tunnel, joins the line just before Dübendorf, and both routes are used by through trains from Zürich. The line also has junctions with the Effretikon to Hinwil line, at Wetzikon, and the Tösstalbahn, at Rüti. At Rapperswil, it connects with the Lake Zurich right bank line, the Rapperswil to Ziegelbrücke line, and the Südostbahn over the Seedamm.

The name Glattalbahn is German for Glattal railway, or Glatt valley railway. The river Glatt is a tributary of the river Rhine flowing from Greifensee lake to Glattfelden in Switzerland.

Uster railway station
Uster is a railway station in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, situated in the city of Uster and within fare zone 131 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV). The station is located on the Wallisellen to Uster and Rapperswil railway line.
Trevor Bigham
Sir Frank Trevor Roger Bigham, KBE, CB (22 May 1876 – 23 November 1954) was an English barrister, an Assistant Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police from 1914 to 1931, and Deputy Commissioner from 1931 to 1935. He was the first officer to hold the position of Deputy Commissioner as a separate rank and not as an honorary title while also serving as an Assistant Commissioner.

Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis
The Deputy Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, commonly referred to simply as the Deputy Commissioner, is the second-in-command of London's Metropolitan Police Service. The rank is senior to assistant commissioner, but junior by one rank to commissioner. The deputy commissioner's salary from 1 September 2010 is £214,722, making them the second highest paid British police officer.
Giacomo Giustiniani
Giacomo Giustiniani (1769–1843) was an Italian priest, papal diplomat and Cardinal. Considered papabile in the Papal Conclave (1830–31), his election was vetoed by Ferdinand VII of Spain.

He was the younger brother of Vincenzo Giustiniani, 6th Prince Giustiniani, de jure 6th Earl of Newburgh.

His ecclesiastical career and preparation for the priesthood was interrupted by the Napoleonic Wars, and he was ordained in 1816. In 1817 he was papal nuncio in Spain and became titular archbishop of Tyre. He became bishop of Imola in 1826.

He was created Cardinal by Pope Leo XII in 1826. He became bishop of Albano in 1839 and he became Camerlengo in 1837.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Albano
The Diocese of Albano (Latin: Albanensis) is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome in Italy, comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome. Albano Laziale is situated on the Appian Way some 15 kilometres (9 mi) from Rome.

Since 1966, it has both a titular bishop and a diocesan bishop.
Kars
Kars (Armenian: Կարս or Ղարս; Azerbaijani: Qars; Kurdish: Qers; Georgian: ყარსი, romanized: q'arsi; Russian: Карс) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. As of 2022, its population was 91,450. Kars, in classical historiography (Strabo), was in the ancient region known as Chorzene (Greek: Χορζηνή), part of the province of Ayrarat in the Kingdom of Armenia, and later the capital of the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia from 929 to 961. Currently, the mayor of Kars is Ötüken Senger. The city had an Armenian ethnic majority until it was recaptured by Turkish nationalist forces in late 1920.

Ardahan
Ardahan (Georgian: არტაანი, romanized: art'aani; Kurdish: Erdêxan, Armenian: Արդահան, romanized: Ardahan; Russian: Ардаган) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border. It is the seat of Ardahan Province and Ardahan District. Its population is 22,927 (2021).
New Tanegashima Airport
New Tanegashima Airport (新種子島空港, Shin Tanegashima Kūkō) (IATA: TNE, ICAO: RJFG), also known as Tanegashima Airport, is located in Nakatane, on Tanegashima, one of the Ōsumi Islands in southern Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

The original Tanegashima Airport was opened on 27 July 1962, at a site approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southeast of the present airport. Although its runway was extended from 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in 1973, it was not suitable to handle jet aircraft, and was closed on 16 March 2006, the day that the New Tanegashima Airport, with a 2,000 m (6,600 ft) runway, was opened.

Nakatane, Kagoshima
Nakatane (中種子町, Nakatane-chō) is a town located on the island of Tanegashima, in Kumage District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 April 2024, the town had an estimated population of 7,196 in 4087 households, and a  population density of 53/km2 (140/sq mi). The total area of the town is 136.94 km2 (52.87 sq mi).
Sertor (praenomen)
Sertor is a Latin praenomen, or personal name. It was never common, and is not known to have been used by any prominent families at Rome. It gave rise to the patronymic gens Sertoria. The feminine form was probably Sertora. The name was not regularly abbreviated, but is sometimes found as Sert.

The praenomen Sertor was used by the plebeian gentes Mimesia, Varisidia, Vedia, and perhaps Resia, and must once have been used by the ancestors of the gens Sertoria, whose most distinguished member was the Roman general Quintus Sertorius. The name was familiar to the scholar Marcus Terentius Varro, who described it as an antique praenomen, no longer in general use by the 1st century BC. As with other praenomina, it may have been more common, and survived longer, in the countryside; at least one example from Umbria dates to Varro's time or later.

Praenomen
The praenomen (Classical Latin: [prae̯ˈnoːmɛn]; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Roman child. It was first bestowed on the dies lustricus (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the toga virilis upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the tria nomina commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside.