hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Isadore Singer
Isadore Manuel Singer (May 3, 1924 – February 11, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was an Emeritus Institute Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley.

Singer is noted for his work with Michael Atiyah, proving the Atiyah–Singer index theorem in 1962, which enabled new interactions between pure mathematics and theoretical physics. In early 1980s, while a professor at Berkeley, Singer co-founded the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) with Shiing-Shen Chern and Calvin Moore.

Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute
The Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (SLMath), formerly the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), is an independent nonprofit mathematical research institution on the University of California campus in Berkeley, California. It is a center for research in mathematics. Each year, over 1,700 mathematicians spend time at MSRI.

The institute was founded in 1982, and its funding sources include the National Science Foundation, private foundations, corporations, and more than 90 universities and institutions. The institute is located at 17 Gauss Way on the Berkeley campus, close to Grizzly Peak in the Berkeley Hills.

The institute has been supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Security Agency as well as private individuals, foundations, corporations, and academic institutions. Jim Simons, founder with his wife of the Simons Foundation and a Berkeley alumnus, was a long-time supporter of the institute and served on the board of trustees.
FastTrack
FastTrack is a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol that was used by the Kazaa, Grokster, iMesh and Morpheus file sharing programs. FastTrack was the most popular file sharing network in 2003, and used mainly for the exchange of music MP3 files. The network had approximately 2.4 million concurrent users in 2003. It is estimated that the total number of users was greater than that of Napster at its peak.

GiFT
giFT Internet File Transfer (giFT) is a computer software daemon that allows several file sharing protocols to be used with a simple client having a graphical user interface (GUI). The client dynamically loads plugins implementing the protocols, as they are required.
Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai?
Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai (transl.  What Is Happening?) is a 2002 Indian Hindi-language adult comedy film. It was directed by Hansal Mehta, produced by Pammi Baweja and written by Suparn Verma. It stars Prashant Chianani, Aamir Ali Malik, Vaibhav Jalani, Yash Pandit, Deepti Daryanani, Payal Rohatgi, Samita Bangargi and Punarnava Mehta. Its basic premise is taken from the American film American Pie.

Deepti Daryanani
Deepti Daryanani is an actress, singer and dancer who played the role of Gita on the Disney Channel Original Movie titled The Cheetah Girls: One World. She also played Maya in the Lifetime movie Acceptance. She was also cast in Yeh Kya Ho Raha Hai?, a Bollywood remake of hit American movie American Pie.
Karuvarakundu
Karuvarakundu is a semi-urban area in the eastern part of Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is situated 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of Manjeri, 26 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Perinthalmanna and 30 km southeast of Nilambur. The Olippuzha River, a tributary of the Kadalundipuzha, flows through the town. Karuvarakundu is close to the Western Ghats and hence prone to landslides.

The name Karuvarakundu means place of the blacksmith, indicating the town's history as a metalworking centre. It is known as t

There are many tea and rubber plantations in and around Karuvarakundu. The town is an educational centre of eastern Eranad, with a total of 20 schools and 5 colleges.

Karuvarakundu is part of the setting of the novel Arabi Ponnu, by M. T. Vasudevan Nair and N. P. Mohammed.

Perinthalmanna
Perinthalmanna is a town and municipality in Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It serves as the administrative centre for the Perinthalmanna taluk, as well as a revenue division, a community development block, and a police sub-division bearing the same name. It was formerly the headquarters of the Kingdom of Valluvanad. The town is located 23 kilometres (14 mi) southwest of Malappuram at the centre of the Kozhikode–Palakkad National Highway 966.
Data clump
In object-oriented programming, a data clump is any group of variables which are passed around together (in a clump) throughout various parts of the program. A data clump, like other code smells, can indicate deeper problems with the program design or implementation. The group of variables that typically make up a data clump are often closely related or interdependent and are often used together in a group as a result. A data clump is also known as a specific kind of class-level code smell that may be a symptom of poorly written source code.

Code smell
In computer programming, a code smell is any characteristic of source code that hints at a deeper problem. Determining what is and is not a code smell is subjective, and varies by language, developer, and development methodology.

The term was popularized by Kent Beck on WardsWiki in the late 1990s. Usage of the term increased after it was featured in the 1999 book Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code by Martin Fowler. It is also a term used by agile programmers.
Elleston Trevor
Elleston Trevor (17 February 1920 – 21 July 1995) was a British novelist and playwright who wrote under several pseudonyms. Born Trevor Dudley-Smith, he eventually changed his name to Elleston Trevor. Trevor worked in many genres, but is principally remembered for his 1964 adventure story The Flight of the Phoenix, written as Elleston Trevor, and for a series of Cold War thrillers featuring the British secret agent Quiller, written under the pseudonym Adam Hall.

In all, Trevor wrote over 100 books. He also wrote as Simon Rattray, Howard North, Roger Fitzalan, Mansell Black, Trevor Burgess, Warwick Scott, Caesar Smith and Lesley Stone.

The Flight of the Phoenix (novel)
The Flight of the Phoenix is  a 1964 novel by Elleston Trevor. The plot involves the crash of a transport aircraft in the middle of a desert and the survivors' desperate attempt to save themselves. The book was the basis for the 1965 film The Flight of the Phoenix starring James Stewart and the 2004 remake titled Flight of the Phoenix.
The Flight of the Phoenix came at the midpoint of Trevor's career and led to a bidding war over its film rights.
Cunningham scandal
The Cunningham scandal was a U.S. political scandal in which defense contractors paid bribes to members of Congress and officials in the U.S. Defense Department, in return for political favors in the form of federal contracts. Most notable amongst the recipients of the bribes was California Congressman Duke Cunningham who pleaded guilty to receiving over $2.3 million in bribes. The primary defense contractors were Mitchell Wade (owner of MZM) and Brent R. Wilkes (owner of ADCS Inc.).

Mitchell Wade
Mitchell J. Wade (born June 6, 1963) is an American defense contractor implicated in the events that led to the 2005 resignation of U.S. Representative Randy "Duke" Cunningham.

Wade founded the defense contracting firm MZM Inc. (since renamed Athena Innovative Solutions Inc.), in 1993. On February 24, 2006, he pleaded guilty to paying then Rep. Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R. Calif.) more than $1 million in bribes in exchange for millions more in government contracts. Wade was one of four co-conspirators mentioned in Cunningham's plea agreement of November 28, 2005. In addition to Wade, the three other co-conspirators are: Brent R. Wilkes, founder of San Diego–based ADCS Inc.; New York businessman Thomas Kontogiannis; and John T. Michael, Kontogiannis' nephew.
Homemade Knives
Homemade Knives is an American Indie folk band formed by Wil Loyal, Shane Jenkins, and Christopher Carroll. Their music features layered of acoustic guitars, cello, and lead vocals. Homemade Knives has played with bands such as Magnolia Electric Company, Catfish Haven, and DeYarmond Edison. Homemade Knives signed with Triple Stamp Records, co-owned in part by Loyal and Carroll, which closed in 2013.

Triple Stamp Records
Triple Stamp Records was an independent record label based in Richmond, Virginia. The label was created in 2004 by co-owners Wil Loyal, Christopher Carroll, and Adrienne Brown, and closed in 2013. It had digital distribution through The Orchard.
The Intimate Bach, Duets with the Spanish Guitar Vol.2
Duets with the Spanish Guitar, Vol. 2 is an album by the Brazilian guitarist Laurindo Almeida, with violist Virginia Majewski and French Horn player Vincent DeRosa. It was originally released by Capitol Records in 1962 with the title The Intimate Bach.

The album received a Grammy Nomination for Best Classical Performance - Chamber Music (1962).

In his review of the record, music critic Alfred Frankenstein specifically praises the horn playing of Vincent DeRosa, writing, "This is the most astonishing example of virtuosity on the horn I have ever heard on records...To play as lightly and speedily as a harpsichord, right out in the open with a minimum of support, is to give an incredible performance."

Vincent DeRosa
Vincent Ned DeRosa (October 5, 1920 – July 18, 2022) was an American hornist who served as a studio musician for Hollywood soundtracks and other recordings from 1935 until his retirement in 2008. Because his career spanned over 70 years, during which he played on many film and television soundtracks and as a sideman on studio albums, he is considered to be one of the most recorded brass players of all time. He set "impeccably high standards" for the horn, and became the first horn for Henry Mancini, Lalo Schifrin, Alfred Newman, and John Williams, among others, with Williams calling him "one of the greatest instrumentalists of his generation." DeRosa contributed to many of the most acclaimed albums of the 20th century, including some of the biggest-selling albums by artists as diverse as Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Frank Zappa, Boz Scaggs, Ella Fitzgerald, Harry Nilsson, Stan Kenton, Henry Mancini, The Monkees, Sammy Davis Jr., and Mel Tormé.
Shewalton House and estate
Shewalton House and estate were composed of the 'Lands of Shewalton' and the laird's dwelling, originally a tower castle and later a mansion house on the River Irvine in the Shewalton area, two miles from Irvine and west of Drybridge village, East Ayrshire, Dundonald Parish, Scotland. In 1883 the Boyle's estate of Shewalton was 2,358 acres in extent in Ayrshire and was worth at that time £2,708 a year.

Drybridge
Drybridge is a small village in North Ayrshire, Scotland. Drybridge is thus named because of the "dry bridge" over the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway, opened in 1812. The nearby "wet bridge" is the Laigh Milton Viaduct, the oldest surviving railway bridge in Scotland and possibly the world.
Sue Myrick
Sue Ellen Myrick (née Wilkins; born August 1, 1941) is an American businesswoman and the former U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 9th congressional district, serving from 1995 to 2013. She is a member of the Republican Party. She was the first Republican woman to represent North Carolina in Congress. On February 7, 2012, she announced that she was retiring. She left Congress in January 2013 and was succeeded by Robert Pittenger.

Myrick's son Dan Forest was the 34th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina.

Dan Forest
Daniel James Forest (born October 15, 1967) is an American politician who served as the 34th lieutenant governor of North Carolina from 2013 to 2021. He is the son of former congresswoman Sue Myrick. An architect by trade, he was the Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina in the 2020 election, losing to incumbent governor Roy Cooper.
Recommended Records Sampler
The Recommended Records Sampler is a sampler double album by various artists released by English independent record label Recommended Records on LP in 1982. It contains tracks by musicians and groups on the Recommended Records catalogue at the time.

This sampler differed from the traditional record label sampler in that all the pieces here were newly recorded by the artists and, at the time, had never been released elsewhere. (Many of the tracks were later re-released as bonus tracks on the artists' CD reissues of their own albums.) In 1985 Recommended Records launched the RēR Quarterly, a "quarterly" sound-magazine, which continued this approach of releasing previously unreleased work on a compilation album.

A limited edition single-sided EP of the same name was also released in 1982 by Recommended Records and given free to advance subscribers of the double album. It comprised four previously unreleased tracks.

Recommended Records
Recommended Records (RēR) is a British independent record label and distribution network founded by Chris Cutler with Nick Hobbs in March 1978. RēR features largely "Rock in Opposition" and related music, but it also distributes selected music released on other independent labels.

In 1982 Cutler established November Books, the publishing wing of Recommended Records, and between 1985 and 1997, Recommended Records and November Books published RēR Quarterly, a "quarterly" sound-magazine edited by Cutler.

In 1989 Recommended Records became known as RēR Megacorp with a turnover of £180,000 in 1994.
William Randolph II
William Randolph II (November 1, 1681—October 19, 1741), also known as William Randolph Jr. or Councillor Randolph, was an American planter and politician. He was the Treasurer of Virginia and the oldest child of William Randolph and Mary Isham.

Peter Beverley
Peter Beverley (1663 – 1728) was an English-born planter and lawyer who served as the 27th speaker of the House of Burgesses as well as treasurer of the Colony of Virginia (1710-1723). His father Robert Beverley had been the clerk of the House and a prominent member of the "Green Spring" faction in the decade after Bacon's Rebellion, and Peter Beverley also served as clerk before winning election as a Burgess and serving as speaker in four of the five assemblies at the beginning of the 18th century.
Detroit Lions all-time roster (A–Las)
This is a list of players who have appeared in at least one regular season or postseason game in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions franchise and whose last names fall between "A" and "Las". For the rest of the players, see Detroit Lions all-time roster (Lat–Z). This list is accurate through the end of the 2024 NFL season. The Lions franchise was founded in Portsmouth, Ohio as the Portsmouth Spartans. In 1934, the franchise moved to Detroit and changed their name to the Lions, which was a play on the name of the Detroit Tigers.

Detroit Lions all-time roster (Lat–Z)
This is a list of players who have appeared in at least one regular season or postseason game in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions franchise and whose last names fall between "Lat" and "Z". For the rest of the players, see Detroit Lions all-time roster (A–Las). This list is accurate through the end of the 2024 NFL season. The Lions franchise was founded in Portsmouth, Ohio as the Portsmouth Spartans. In 1934, the franchise moved to Detroit and changed their name to the Lions, which was a play on the name of the Detroit Tigers.
Single Dad in Love
Single Dad in Love (Korean: 싱글파파는 열애중; RR: Singgeulpapaneun yeoraejung) is a 2008 South Korean television series starring Oh Ji-ho, Heo Yi-jae and Kang Sung-yeon. It aired on KBS2 from February 18 to April 8, 2008 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.

Oh Ji-ho
Oh Ji-ho (Korean: 오지호; born April 14, 1976) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for the television dramas Couple or Trouble (2006), The Slave Hunters (2010), The Queen of Office (2013) and My Fair Lady (2016).
Baekhyun
Byun Baek-hyun (Korean: 변백현; born May 6, 1992), known mononymously as Baekhyun, is a South Korean singer and actor. He is a member of the South Korean-Chinese boy band Exo, its subgroup Exo-K and its subunit Exo-CBX. In 2019, Baekhyun became a leader of the supergroup SuperM.

Following the release of several albums and extended plays with Exo, Baekhyun began pursuing a solo career in 2019 by releasing his debut extended play, City Lights, which sold more than half-a-million copies in 2019 and is the best-selling album by a solo artist of the 2010s in South Korea. City Lights was followed by two million-selling EPs, Delight (2020), the first album by a solo artist in South Korea to have sold over 1 million copies in 19 years, and Bambi (2021). He has been labeled as the "Genius Idol", and won three consecutive Mnet Asian Music Awards for Best Male Artist from 2019 to 2021.

Delight (Baekhyun EP)
Delight is the second extended play by South Korean singer Baekhyun. It was released on May 25, 2020, by SM Entertainment, and contains seven tracks, including the lead single, "Candy". The EP is available in four versions: Cinnamon, Honey, Mint, and Chemistry, which was released on June 29.

The album sold over 1,000,000 copies, making it the first album by a South Korean soloist to do so in 19 years, and one of the best-selling albums in South Korea.
Yamaha YZR-M1
The Yamaha YZR-M1 is a Grand Prix road racing motorcycle specifically developed by Yamaha Motor Company to race in the current MotoGP series. It succeeded the 500 cc (31 cu in) YZR500 by the 2002 season and was originally developed with a 990 cc (60 cu in) engine. Since then, the YZR-M1 has been continuously developed into several iterations through the 990cc, 800cc and 1000cc eras of Grand Prix motorcycle racing.

Ducati Desmosedici
The Ducati Desmosedici is a four-stroke V4 engine racing motorcycle made by Ducati for MotoGP racing. The series nomenclature is GP with the two-digit year appended, such as Desmosedici GP10 for 2010. In 2006 Ducati made a short production run of 1,500 street-legal variants, the Desmosedici RR.
The Bad Shepherds
The Bad Shepherds were an English folk punk band, formed by the comedian Adrian Edmondson in 2008. They played folk punk songs with traditional folk instruments. The band primarily consisted of Edmondson (vocals, mandolins, mandola) and Troy Donockley (uilleann pipes, cittern, whistles, vocals).

Troy Donockley
Troy Donockley (born 30 May 1964) is an English composer and multi-instrumentalist most known for his playing of Uilleann pipes. Having performed with many artists as a session player, he is most notable as a member of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, with whom he has performed since 2007 and joined as a full-time member in 2013.
1968 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team
The 1968 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 1968 NCAA University Division football season. The team was coached by Bob Devaney and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln.

The Huskers were 6–4, but had a losing record in conference at 3–4. They lost three Big 8 games at home and were shut out 47–0 at Oklahoma in the season finale.  Nebraska did not play in a bowl game for the second consecutive year; the next season without a bowl was 36 years later in 2004.  The home shut out against Kansas State was the last time they have been shut out at home as of 2017 season.

Following 1968, Tom Osborne was promoted to offensive coordinator and installed the I formation offense. This led to a 9–2 record in 1969 and consecutive undefeated national championship seasons in 1970 and 1971.

Bob Devaney
Robert Simon Devaney (April 13, 1915 – May 9, 1997) was a college football coach.  He served as the head coach at the University of Wyoming from 1957 to 1961 and at the University of Nebraska from 1962 to 1972, compiling a career record of 136–30–7 (.806).  Devaney's Nebraska Cornhuskers won consecutive national championships in 1970 and 1971 and three consecutive Orange Bowls.

Devaney also served as the athletic director at Nebraska from 1967 to 1993, and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1981.
Ulmus americana 'Delaware'
The American elm cultivar Ulmus americana 'Delaware' was originally selected (as tree number 218, a c.1940 seedling from North Dakota) from 35,000 seedlings inoculated with the Dutch elm disease fungus in USDA trials at Morristown, New Jersey.

Ulmus americana
Ulmus americana, generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very hardy species that can withstand low winter temperatures.  The American elm was once exceptionally common as a street tree, its tolerance of urban conditions making it a popular choice to line American streets in the 19th and early 20th centuries.  The coming of beetles bearing Dutch elm disease devastated the American elm population, starting in the 1920s.  The species still holds out in some locations, but is also no longer nearly as common as during its height.

The wood was seldom utilized until the advent of mechanical sawing. It is the state tree of Massachusetts and North Dakota.
Armstrong Circle Theatre
Armstrong Circle Theatre is an American anthology drama television series which ran from June 6, 1950, to June 25, 1957, on NBC, and from October 2, 1957, to August 28, 1963, on CBS. It alternated weekly with The United States Steel Hour. It finished in the Nielsen ratings at number 19 for the 1950–51 season and number 24 for 1951–52. The principal sponsor was Armstrong World Industries.

Between July 8 and September 16, 1959, CBS aired reruns of six documentary dramas originally broadcast during the 1958–1959 season as episodes of Armstrong Circle Theatre under the title Armstrong by Request. Armstrong by Request aired during Armstrong Circle Theatre′s time slot and also alternated with The United States Steel Hour.

The United States Steel Hour
The United States Steel Hour is an anthology series which brought hour-long dramas to television from 1953 to 1963. The television series and the radio program that preceded it were both sponsored by the United States Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel).
Lucídio Vimaranes
Lucídio Vimaranes (died c. 922) was the second count of Portugal within the Kingdom of Asturias, which was divided internally into several provinces called "counties". Portus Cale was one of these counties which was incorporated in the Kingdom as a new land conquered from the moors. Although Lucídio's parentage is not confirmed in any source, all historians agree that based on his uncommon patronymic, he was most probably the son of Vímara Peres.

Upon the death of his father, King Alfonso III of Asturias entrusted him with the government of the County of Portugal jointly with Count Hermenegildo Gutiérrez.

He governed as tenant-in-chief part of the territory of Lugo in 910, and in the following year appears as a previsor in Dume. Lucídio was a member of the Curia Regis and as such, confirmed several royal charters between 887 and 917.

Hermenegildo Gutiérrez
Hermenegildo Gutiérrez (Portuguese: Hermenegildo Guterres, Galician: Hermenexildo Gotérrez; c. 850 – after May 912), was a Galician noble who lived during the 9th and 10th centuries. As the Mayordomo mayor of King Alfonso III, he was an active member of the curia regia. His daughter Elvira, as the first wife of King Ordoño II, was queen consort of León.
John H. Burford
John H. Burford (February 29, 1852 – September 2, 1922) was an American judge who served as justice of the Territorial Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1892 to 1906, serving as the final Chief Justice of that court from 1898 to 1903. After the territorial supreme court was dissolved at statehood, Burford served as City Attorney for Guthrie, Oklahoma, where he had made his home. He was the Republican Party nominee for U. S. Senator in 1914, but lost the election.

John C. Tarsney
John Charles Tarsney (November 7, 1845 – September 4, 1920) was an American politician from Missouri and an associate justice of the Oklahoma Territory Supreme Court (1896-1899). He then returned to Kansas City, Missouri, where he had a private law practice until he died in 1920.