hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Early childhood
Early childhood is a stage in human development following infancy and preceding middle childhood. It generally includes toddlerhood and some time afterward. Play age is an unspecific designation approximately within the scope of early childhood.

Toddler
A toddler is a child approximately 1 to 3 years old, though definitions vary. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word is derived from "toddle", which means to walk unsteadily, as children at this age do.

By the age of two, toddlers typically reach several important milestones, including walking, running, climbing and speaking in short phrases. Their vocabulary expands rapidly and they begin to show increased independence as they explore their environment and make known their preferences.
Dorian James
Dorian Lance James (born 19 June 1981) is a male badminton player from South Africa.

James competed in badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics in men's doubles with partner Stewart Carson.  They were defeated in the round of 32 by Howard Bach and Kevin Han of the United States.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed with Willem Viljoen in the men's doubles event.  They did not progress beyond the group stages.

Kevin Han
Kevin Qi Han (born November 25, 1972) is an American badminton player who won the bronze medal in the inaugural men's singles competition at the 1995 Pan American Games, followed by the gold medal four years later in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He was the first ever American player to captured the World Grand Prix title by winning the 1995 Bulgarian Open in the men's doubles with Thomas Reidy.
One Stop Shopping Centre
One Stop Shopping Centre (52°31′04″N 1°54′14″W﻿ / ﻿52.51778°N 1.90389°W﻿ / 52.51778; -1.90389) is a shopping centre and retail park in Perry Barr, Birmingham, England. It is immediately adjacent to the A34, Walsall Road. It is a largely outdoor retail area around a free (limited duration) car park, next to a bus interchange and Perry Barr railway station which was updated ahead of the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

It is three miles north of Birmingham city centre and hosts more than 60 retail stores and restaurants.

One Stop Shopping Centre has 80 units covering 380,000 sq ft and 1,200 free spaces in a surface car park. Tenant outlets include Boots, Asda, JD Sports and a Nike outlet.

In November 2022 London-based Northdale Asset Management and US investor Magnetar Capital acquired the One Stop Centre in Birmingham and Corby Town Centre in Corby for £76 million.

Perry Barr
Perry Barr is a suburban area in north Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands, England. It is also the name of a council constituency, managed by its own district committee. Birmingham Perry Barr is also a parliamentary constituency; its Member of Parliament between 2001 and 2024 was Labour's Khalid Mahmood. The MP as of July 2024 is Ayoub Khan, who ran as an Independent.

The constituency includes the smaller Perry Barr ward, and the wards of Handsworth Wood, Lozells and East Handsworth, and Oscott, which each elect three councillors to Birmingham City Council.
Levnesovia
Levnesovia is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan.  It was related to Bactrosaurus.  The type species is L. transoxiana. The genus name honours the late Russian paleontologist Lev Nessov, and the specific name refers to the ancient region Transoxiana. It is known from partial skulls, maxillae, dentaries and numerous bones of the postcranial skeleton.

Hadrosauroidea
Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or Hadrosauridae, and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to Iguanodon. Their remains have been recovered in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the Asian Probactrosaurus and Altirhinus, have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only Iguanodon and perhaps its closest relatives.
2010 Sudanese general election
General elections were held in Sudan between 11 and 15 April 2010, extended from the original end date of 13 April. The elections were held to elect the president and National Assembly of Sudan, as well as the president and Legislative Assembly of Southern Sudan. The election brought to the end the transitional period which began when the decades-long Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005.

Early results on 20 April showed that President Omar al-Bashir's National Congress Party was well ahead. On 26 April, full results were announced and al-Bashir was confirmed as the winner by having received 68.24% of the vote.

2016 Darfurian status referendum
A referendum on the autonomy for the Darfur within Sudan was held on 11–13 April 2016. It was originally scheduled for 1 and 2 July 2011, but was delayed. The Darfur Peace Agreement signed in May 2006 included the provision for such a referendum to be held throughout the Darfur region to determine the permanent status of that region within the Republic of Sudan. The agreement also established a Darfur Regional Authority to help administer the region in the lead-up to the referendum. The referendum was subject to a boycott, led to student protests and accusations of vote-rigging. The results were announced on 23 April 2016 and were in favour of the retention of the status quo.
Andover, Massachusetts
Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and incorporated in 1646. At the 2020 census, the population was 36,569. It is located 20 miles (32 km) north of Boston and 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lawrence. Part of the town comprises the census-designated place of Andover. It is twinned with its namesake: Andover, Hampshire, England.

Boston and Maine Railroad
The Boston and Maine Railroad (reporting mark BM; commonly known as Boston & Maine, abbreviated B&M) was a U.S. Class I railroad in northern New England. It was chartered in 1835, and became part of what was the Pan Am Railways network in 1983, most of which was purchased by CSX in 2022.

At the end of 1970, B&M operated 1,515 route-miles (2,438 km) on 2,481 miles (3,993 km) of track, not including Springfield Terminal. That year, it reported 2,774 million ton-miles (4,464 million kilometres) of revenue freight and 92 million passenger-miles (148 million kilometres).
Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge
Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge or Duplicate Tsing Yi Bridge or Kwai Tsing Bridge is a 640-metre long bridge connecting Tsing Yi Island and Kwai Chung over the Rambler Channel of Hong Kong in parallel to Tsing Yi Bridge, which deteriorated owing to years of heavy usage. The duplicated bridge was built to relieve the overburdened Tsing Yi Bridge and opened on 26 July 1999 before the commencement of Tsing Yi Bridge renovation. This is the fourth vehicular bridge connecting Kwai Chung and Tsing Yi.

The duplicated bridge piers are aligned with those of Tsing Yi Bridge to retain the navigation channel. Two artificial islands with lights are created to protect the bridges against accidental damage by ships, which happened to the Tsing Yi Bridge several times.

The connecting roads and ramps are restructured on both the Tsing Yi Island side and the Kwai Chung side. These improvements have freed the bridges from traffic congestion, which occurred frequently in the past.

Tsing Yi
Tsing Yi (Chinese: 青衣), sometimes referred to as Tsing Yi Island, is an island in the New Territories of Hong Kong, to the northwest of Hong Kong Island and south of Tsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation of Nga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) and Chau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours, Tsing Yi Lagoon, Mun Tsai Tong, and Tsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed for new towns.

The island is generally zoned into four quarters: the northeast quarter is a residential area, the southeast quarter is Tsing Yi Town, the southwest holds heavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and some dockyards and ship building industry. The island is in the northwest of Victoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to the Protection of the Harbour Ordinance.
McClatchy
McClatchy Media Company, also known as McClatchy, is an American publishing company incorporated under Delaware's General Corporation Law. Originally based in Sacramento, California, United States, and known as The McClatchy Company, it became a subsidiary of Chatham Asset Management, headquartered in Chatham Borough, New Jersey, as a result of its 2020 bankruptcy.

The company operates 29 daily newspapers in 14 states and has an average weekday circulation of 1.6 million and Sunday circulation of 2.4 million. In 2006, it purchased Knight Ridder, which at the time was the second-largest newspaper company in the United States. In 2024, McClatchy merged with A360media.

McClatchy journalists have also won nine Pulitzer prizes in their 159-year history, most recently in 2017 for an article on the Panama Papers. They were also finalists in 2015 for articles on government efforts to hide Bush-era CIA Enhanced interrogation techniques.

The News-Sentinel
The News-Sentinel was a daily newspaper based in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The afternoon News-Sentinel was politically independent. The papers suspended publication in November 2020, after the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic.
Queensferry Stakes
The Queensferry Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older.
It is run at Chester over a distance of 6 furlongs and 17 yards (1,223 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late July or early August.

The race was first run in 1998.

Chester Racecourse
Chester Racecourse, also known as the Roodee, is a racecourse located in Chester, England. The horse racing venue is officially recognised by Guinness World Records as the "oldest racecourse still in operation". Horse racing in Chester started in the early sixteenth century, with 1539 cited as the year racing began, although some sources give a date of 1512 for the first races in Chester. It is also thought to be the smallest racecourse of significance in England at 1 mile and 1 furlong (1.8 km) long.
Navajo Communications
Navajo Communications Company, Inc. is the operating company of Frontier Communications that provides telephone services in Arizona to the Navajo people.

Telephone service to the Navajo began in 1928 when the Bureau of Indian Affairs began building telephone lines to connect its facilities. In 1969, the BIA sold the system to Great Southwest Telephone Co. In 1981, Great Southwest Telephone was acquired by CP National. In 1988, CP National was acquired by Alltel. In 1994, Alltel sold off its operations for the Navajo to Citizens Communications. Citizens later changed its name to the current Frontier Communications.

The company is separate from Citizens Telecommunications Company of the White Mountains, which is a Frontier operating company formed in 1996 following the acquisition of former Contel/GTE service regions in Arizona.

Citizens Telecommunications Company of the White Mountains
Citizens Telecommunications Company of the White Mountains is a Frontier operating company providing local telephone services to portions of Arizona.

The company was formed by Citizens Communications following the acquisition of former Contel/GTE lines in Arizona in 1999. It is separate from Navajo Communications Company, which provides telephone service to customers formerly serviced by Alltel, and Frontier Communications of the Southwest, which provides telephone service to former Verizon California customers.
Biarritz Aquarium
Biarritz Aquarium, also known as le Musée de la Mer (Museum of the Sea; Occitan: lo Musèu de la Mar), is an aquarium in Biarritz. The building, in art deco style, was opened in 1933. It went through the first renovation in 1992 to add an important collection of marine animals. An extension was added between 2009 and 2011 which doubled the visiting area and added more tanks, at the expense of space for birds.

Biarritz
Biarritz (UK: /bɪəˈrɪts, ˈbɪərɪts/ beer-ITS, BEER-its, US: /ˌbiːəˈrɪts, ˈbiːərɪts/ BEE-ə-RITS, -⁠rits, French: [bjaʁits] ⓘ, Basque: [bi.arits̻]; also spelled Miarritze [mi.arits̻e]; Occitan: Biàrritz [ˈbjarits]) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France. It is located 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the border with Spain. It is a luxurious seaside tourist destination known for the Hôtel du Palais (originally built for the Empress Eugénie c. 1855), its seafront casinos, and its surfing culture.
VM (operating system)
VM, often written VM/CMS, is a family of virtual machine operating systems used on IBM mainframes including the System/370, System/390, IBM Z and compatible systems. It replaced the older CP-67 that formed the basis of the CP/CMS operating system. It was first released as the free Virtual Machine Facility/370 for the S/370 in 1972, followed by chargeable upgrades and versions that added support for new hardware.

VM creates virtual machines into which a conventional operating system may be loaded to allow user programs to run. Originally, that operating system was CMS, a simple single-user system similar to DOS. VM can also be used with a number of other IBM operating systems, including large systems like MVS or VSE, which are often run on their own without VM. In other cases, VM is used with a more specialized operating system or even programs that provided many OS features. These include RSCS and MUMPS, among others.

Bare machine
In information technology, a bare machine (or bare-metal computer) is a computer which has no operating system. The software executed by a bare machine, commonly called a "bare metal program" or "bare metal application", is designed to interact directly with hardware. Bare machines are widely used in embedded systems, particularly in cases where resources are limited or high performance is required.
Anón
Anón (Barrio Anón) is one of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico.  Along with Marueño,  Coto Laurel, Guaraguao, Quebrada Limon, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and Capitanejo, Anón is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. Anón borders the municipalities of Jayuya and Juana Diaz. The name of this barrio is of native indigenous origin. It was founded in 1878. Barrio Anón is one of three Ponce barrios (the others are Barrio Guaraguao and Barrio San Patricio) located on the Cordillera Central mountain range.

Quebrada Limón
Quebrada Limón is one of the 31 barrios of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico.  Along with Anón,  Coto Laurel, Guaraguao, Marueño, Real, and San Patricio, and the coastal barrios of Canas and Capitanejo, Quebrada Limón is one of the municipality's nine bordering barrios. It borders the municipality of Peñuelas. It was founded in 1878.
Beaches of Hong Kong
Hong Kong has a long and jagged coastline with many bays and beaches. The shelter provided by adjacent mountains keeps wave sizes generally small, and most beaches are thus suitable for swimming and recreation, if they can be reached.

About half of Hong Kong's more accessible beaches are gazetted and thus managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD). Many that are not gazetted are also popular, and some privately owned beaches are publicly accessible.

With the increasing development and urbanisation of Hong Kong, water quality has worsened resulting in the closure of several beaches previously suitable for swimming. These include Approach Beach, Ting Kau Beach, Anglers' Beach, Gemini Beaches, Hoi Mei Wan Beach, Casam Beach and Lido Beach in Tsuen Wan. In 2011, Lido Beach, Casam Beach, Approach Beach and Hoi Mei Wan Beach were reopened following an improvement in water quality.

South Bay, Hong Kong
South Bay (Chinese: 南灣) is situated on the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Situated in the Southern District, it spans approximately 250 m (820 ft) of sandy beachfront. It is an unpatrolled, family-friendly beach known for its calm waters, and is popular with local residents and tourists. It forms part of a string of beaches along with Repulse Bay and Middle Bay. It is accessible via the South Bay Road with regular bus routes serving nearby areas.
Gray Court, South Carolina
Gray Court is a town in Laurens County, South Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Gray Court had a population of 763. It is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Laurens County, South Carolina
Laurens County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 67,539. Its county seat is Laurens. Laurens County is included in the Greenville-Anderson-Greer, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Law of Washington (state)
The law of Washington consists of several levels, including constitutional, statutory, regulatory and case law, as well as local ordinances. The Revised Code of Washington forms the general statutory law.

Constitution of Washington
The Constitution of the State of Washington is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of the U.S. State of Washington. The constitution was adopted as part of Washington Territory's path to statehood in 1889. An earlier constitution was drafted and ratified in 1878, but it was never officially adopted.
Black Sea Governorate
The Black Sea Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the Black Sea Okrug of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455 square versts (7,346 km2; 2,836 sq mi), making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures. The governorate ceased to exist when the Black Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was incorporated into the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of the Russian SFSR in March 1920.

Novorossiysk
Novorossiysk (Russian: Новоросси́йск, IPA: [nəvərɐˈsʲijsk] ⓘ; Adyghe: ЦӀэмэз, romanized: C̣ămăz) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. The port of Novorossiysk is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the cities designated as a Hero City by the Soviet Union. The population is 262,293 (2021 census);
Knottwood, Edmonton
Knottwood is a community comprising three neighbourhoods within the southwest portion of Mill Woods in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Neighbourhoods within the community include Ekota, Menisa and Satoo.

The community is represented by the Knottwood Community League, established in 1977, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located on Knottwood Road just south of the Satoo School.

Satoo, Edmonton
Satoo is a residential neighbourhood in the Mill Woods area of the City of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.  Satoo is one of three neighbourhoods in the Mill Woods community of  Knottwood.

It is bounded on the north by 23 Avenue, on the south by Anthony Henday Drive, on the west by 91 Street, and on the east by 80 Street and Mill Woods Road West.

Satoo is named for a Cree chief, Satoo. Between 1876 and 1891, the Papachase Indian reserve was located in the Mill Woods area.
Saud bin Muhammed Al Thani
Saud bin Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Muhammed Al Thani (28 February 1966 – 9 November 2014) was a Qatari prince who served as minister of Culture, Arts and Heritage.

By the turn of the 21st century, Shaikh Sa’ud had established an international reputation as an avid art collector, both for his own collection as well as those of several state-owned museums he oversaw in Qatar.

Collecting practices of the Al-Thani Family
The House of Thani is the ruling family of Qatar. Since the early 2000s, the family has led the development of the country’s cultural and artistic institutions. Their initiatives, including the establishment of new museums and universities, coincide with Qatar National Vision 2030, a government plan that aims to transition the country towards a "knowledge-based economy" in Qatar by 2030.

Qatar’s cultural policy, shaped under the Al Thani family, has focused on establishing museums, art collections, and educational programs designed to support the country’s transition toward a knowledge-based economy. This approach differs from the international franchise model used in neighboring Abu Dhabi, where branches of major Western museums have been established.
Rick Elzinga
Rick Elzinga (born 1 November 2002) is a Dutch professional Motocross racer. Elzinga won the 2022 European Motocross Championship in the EMX250 class.

Elzinga currently rides for the Monster Energy Yamaha Factory MX2 Team within the FIM Motocross World Championship. He is a two-time Dutch Masters of Motocross Champion in the 250 class.

He is a two-time podium finisher in the MX2 class. Both of his podiums were achieved during the 2024 FIM Motocross World Championship.

2024 Dutch Masters of Motocross
The 2024 Dutch Masters of Motocross season was the 7th Dutch Masters of Motocross season.

The series consisted of three rounds across the eastern part of The Netherlands, running from March to the end of April. Jeffrey Herlings was the reigning champion in the 500cc class, after he recorded a perfect season during the 2023 championship. Herlings was able to successfully defend his title, winning all but one race during the course of the season. As this gave him his fifth Dutch Masters of Motocross title, he became the most successful rider in the history of the series from its inception in 2016.

Kay de Wolf went into the season as the defending champion in the 250cc class, after picking up his fourth Dutch Masters title in the previous year. Due to his focus on the 2024 FIM Motocross World Championship, de Wolf opted to not defend his title. Rick Elzinga was able to win his second title in the 250cc class by a single point after a tight championship battle with Cas Valk.
Phthiotis and Phocis Prefecture
Phthiotis and Phocis Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Φθιώτιδος και Φωκίδος) was a prefecture of Greece. It was first established in 1833 as the Phocis and Locris Prefecture (Νομός Φθιώτιδος και Λοκρίδος) but abolished in 1836 and reconstituted in 1845 under its later name. At the time, it lay on the Greek-Ottoman border. With the annexation of Thessaly by Greece in 1881, the prefecture's territory came to include the Domokos Province. The prefecture was split up into separate Phthiotis and Phocis prefectures in the 1899 reform, but this was reverted in 1909. The prefecture finally ceased to exist in 1943, when it was again split up into Phthiotis and Phocis. These existed until the abolition of the prefectures in 2011, when they were transformed into regional units of the Central Greece region.

Phthiotis
Phthiotis (Greek: Φθιώτιδα, Fthiótida [fθi'otiða]; ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Φθιῶτις) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. The capital is the city of Lamia.  It is bordered by the Malian Gulf to the east, Boeotia in the south, Phocis in the south, Aetolia-Acarnania in the southwest, Evrytania in the west, Karditsa regional unit in the north, Larissa regional unit in the north, and Magnesia in the northeast.  The name dates back to ancient times. It is best known as the home of Achilles.