hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Red Wing Bridge
The Red Wing Bridge is a bridge that carries U.S. Route 63 across the Mississippi River from Wisconsin to Red Wing, Minnesota.

The previous bridge at the site was a cantilever bridge. It was officially named the Eisenhower Bridge for Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, who opened the bridge in November 1960.

After the collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, the State of Minnesota conducted a thorough investigation of the state's road infrastructure, and the Red Wing Bridge was identified as in need of replacement. Construction on the replacement span began in 2017 and the original bridge was demolished in February 2020.

Red Wing, Minnesota
Red Wing is a city in and the county seat of Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the upper Mississippi River. The population was 16,547 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

The federal government established a Mdewakanton Sioux Indian reservation—now Prairie Island Indian Community—in 1936 along the Mississippi River. The city of Red Wing developed around it.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation placed Red Wing on its 2008 distinctive destinations list because of its "impressive architecture and enviable natural environment".
Previle (former municipality)
Previle (Serbian Cyrillic: Превиле) was a municipality of the former Kotor-Varoš srez in the Banja Luka okrug, in former Yugoslavia (the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and FPR Yugoslavia), that existed until 1955. Today, the former municipality constitutes the territory of the villages of Boljanići, Hadrovci, Jakotina, Ravne, Sokoline, Vagani, Varjače, Viševice, Vranić, located in the Kotor Varoš municipality, and Javorani, located in the Kneževo/Skender Vakuf municipality. It had a Serb ethnic majority according to the 1953 census. It was a site of military operations during World War II.

According to the 1953 census, the 4,576 inhabitants identified ethnically as:

Serbs – 3.537

Croats – 696

Yugoslavs “undecided”  – 341

Others – 1

Kotor-Varoš (srez)
Kotor-Varoš was a srez (a second-level administrative unit) centered at Kotor Varoš, that existed during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Socialist Yugoslavia. It had earlier been a kreis of Austro-Hungarian Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was a subdivision of the Vrbas Oblast in 1922–29, Vrbas Banovina in 1929–41, and thereafter the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was abolished in 1955.

In 1948 and 1953, it included the six municipalities of Kotor Varoš, Previle, Skender Vakuf, Šiprage, Vrbanjci and Zabrđe.
Shek Tong Tsui (constituency)
Shek Tong Tsui was one of the 15 constituencies in the Central and Western District.

It returned one member of the district council until it was abolished the 2023 electoral reforms.

Shek Tong Tsui constituency was loosely based on the northwestern corner of Shek Tong Tsui with estimated population of 16,479.

Shek Tong Tsui
Shek Tong Tsui (Chinese: 石塘咀 or 石塘嘴) or Belcher Point is an area in Sai Wan on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it belongs to the Central and Western District.

This area is bounded to the east by Ka On Street, north by the Victoria Harbour, south by Pok Fu Lam Road and Third Street, and west by the intersection of Queen's Road West and Belcher's Street. To the east lies Sai Ying Pun and to the west is Kennedy Town. To the south are the slopes of Victoria Peak, Lung Fu Shan and High West. While the boundaries are not de jure drawn, they are nevertheless de facto defined by Collinson Street to the west and Whitty Street to the east.
Coombe, Kent
Coombe is a settlement in the English county of Kent. It lies between Ash-next-Sandwich and Woodnesborough.

According to Edward Hasted in 1800, it was a hamlet in the western section of the parish of Woodnesborough.

Coombe Lane passes through the small settlement between Ash towards New Street (heading to Woodnesborough). Coombe Lane Cottage is a Grade II Listed cottage on the lane.

Woodnesborough
Woodnesborough (/ˈwɪnzbrə/ ⓘ WINZ-brə) is a village in the Dover District of Kent, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Sandwich. The population taken at the 2011 census included Coombe as well as Marshborough, and totalled 1,066. There is a Grade II* listed Anglican church dedicated to St Mary the Virgin.
George H. Buck Jr.
George Herman Buck Jr. (December 22, 1928 – December 11, 2013) was an American entrepreneur who devoted much of his life to recording jazz by producing albums and acquiring the rights to those produced by companies established by others. Buck acquired the inventories of record labels and transcription discs made by radio broadcasting companies decades earlier. He was a major record collector. Until his death at age 84, he ran his businesses and philanthropy. He began his radio career as a partner in radio station WJNO in West Palm Beach.

American Music Records
American Music Records is a jazz record company and label that was established by Bill Russell in 1944.

Russell produced new recordings and reissues, concentrating on New Orleans jazz musicians such as Bunk Johnson, George Lewis, Baby Dodds, and Wooden Joe Nicholas. In 1957 Storyville Records produced American Music's reissues on vinyl LP, as did the Japanese label Dan. Starting in 1989, George Buck's Jazzology group began releasing the back catalog on its American Music CD series.
Ethio-Semitic languages
Ethio-Semitic (also Ethiopian Semitic, Ethiosemitic, Ethiopic or Abyssinian) is a family of languages spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Sudan. They form the western branch of the South Semitic languages, itself a sub-branch of Semitic, part of the Afroasiatic language family.

With 57,500,000 total speakers as of 2019, including around 25,100,000 second language speakers, Amharic is the most widely spoken of the group, the most widely spoken language of Ethiopia and second-most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Tigrinya has 7 million speakers and is the most widely spoken language in Eritrea. Tigre is the second-most spoken language in Eritrea, and has also a small population of speakers in Sudan. The Geʽez language has a literary history in its own script starting in the 1st century. Geʽez is no longer spoken, but remains the liturgical language of the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches, as well as their respective Eastern Catholic counterparts.

Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Semitic languages. There is no consensus regarding the location of the linguistic homeland for Proto-Semitic: scholars hypothesize that it may have originated in the Levant, the Sahara, the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, or northern Africa.

The Semitic language family is considered part of the broader macro-family of Afroasiatic languages.
La Rose, Illinois
La Rose is a village in Bell Plain Township, Marshall County, Illinois, United States. The population was 98 at the 2020 census, down from 144 in 2010. It is part of the Peoria Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Marshall County, Illinois
Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 11,742. Its county seat is Lacon. Marshall County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area.
Concordia Log Cabin College (Altenburg, Missouri)
Concordia Log Cabin College is a historic site in Altenburg, in Perry County, Missouri. The structure is a log building under a protective shelter situated in the Trinity Lutheran Church maple grove. It served as the first college for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and was first Lutheran college west of the Mississippi River. Today, it commemorates the German Lutheran migration of 1838–1839 and the founding of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, and features two log cabins from that era. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

Saxon Lutheran immigration of 1838–39
The Saxon Lutheran immigration of 1838–39 was a migration of Confessional German Lutherans seeking religious freedom in the United States in the early 19th century. The immigrants were among the original founders of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod.
Redina Island
Redina Island (Bulgarian: остров Редина, romanized: ostrov Redina, IPA: [ˈɔstrof ˈrɛdinɐ]) is the ice-free island in the Onogur group off the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica extending 280 m in east-west direction and 130 m wide.  It is separated from Robert Island by a 20 m wide passage.

The island is named after the settlement of Redina in Western Bulgaria.

Onogur Islands
Onogur Islands (Bulgarian: Оногурски острови, ‘Onogurski ostrovi’ \o-no-'gur-ski 'os-tro-vi\) is the group of nine islands and some islets and rocks adjacent to the northwest coast of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The group is situated between Carlota Cove to the southwest and Clothier Harbour to the northeast, and 700 m (770 yd) southeast of Cornwall Island.  Kovach Island and Grod Island, the largest two in the group, have a surface area of 11 hectares (27 acres) and 10 hectares (25 acres) respectively.  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers based in Clothier Harbour.

The island group is named after the settlement of Onogur in northeastern Bulgaria in connection with the Onogurs (5th-7th century).
CFAK-FM
CFAK-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 88.3 FM in Sherbrooke, Quebec. It is the campus radio station of the Université de Sherbrooke.

Owned by Comité de la radio étudiante universitaire de Sherbrooke (CREUS), the station received CRTC approval on March 7, 2003.

Université de Sherbrooke
The Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS; English: University of Sherbrooke) is a French-language public research university in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, with a second campus in Longueuil, a suburb on the South Shore of Montreal. It is one of two universities in the Estrie region of Quebec (the other one being Bishop's University), and the only French-language university for the region.

As of 2022, the Université de Sherbrooke is home to 31,000 students, and an additional 3,000 older learners (age 50+) in continuing education in its "University of the Third Age". Of its 7,400 employees, about 4,000 are teaching staff. The university has over 100,000 graduates and offers 46 undergraduate, 48 master's and 27 doctoral programs. It holds a total of 61 research chairs, among which are the pharmacology, microelectronics, statistical learning, and environment research chairs.
Bleicherode
Bleicherode (German pronunciation: [blaɪçəˈʁoːdə] ⓘ) is a town in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated on the river Wipper, 17 km southwest of Nordhausen. It is located in the southern Harz Mountain area. On 1 December 2007, the former municipality Obergebra was incorporated by Bleicherode. The former municipalities Etzelsrode, Friedrichsthal, Kleinbodungen, Kraja, Hainrode, Nohra, Wipperdorf and Wolkramshausen were merged into Bleicherode in January 2019. Every Tuesday and Thursday, there is a market held at the Zierbrunnenplatz in the town.

Historically, Bleicherode belonged to the Prussian province of Saxony between 1700 and 1945.

One of Bleicherode's most famous natives is the cartographer August Heinrich Petermann.

The house where Petermann was born: Neue Straße 3, Bleicherode

Memorial for August Petermann in Bleicherode

Wolkramshausen
Wolkramshausen (German pronunciation: [vɔlkʁamsˈhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Nordhausen, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Bleicherode.
Quantum decoherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence.  It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence has been studied to understand how quantum systems convert to systems that can be explained by classical mechanics.  Beginning out of attempts to extend the understanding of quantum mechanics, the theory has developed in several  directions and experimental studies have confirmed some of the key issues. Quantum computing relies on quantum coherence and is one of the primary practical applications of the concept.

Quantum error correction
Quantum error correction (QEC) comprises a set of techniques used in quantum memory and quantum computing to protect quantum information from errors arising from decoherence and other sources of quantum noise. QEC schemes that employ codewords stabilized by a set of commuting operators are known as stabilizer codes, and the corresponding codewords are referred to as quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs).

Conceptually, to use a quantum error-correcting code, one can append ancilla qubits to qubits that need protection, and apply a unitary encoding circuit to rotate the global state into a subspace of a larger Hilbert space. This highly entangled, encoded state corrects for local noisy errors. A quantum error-correcting code makes quantum computation and quantum communication practical by providing a way for a sender and receiver to simulate a noiseless qubit channel given a noisy qubit channel whose noise conforms to a particular error model.
Kenneth L. Maddy
Kenneth Leon Maddy (May 22, 1934 – February 19, 2000) was a Republican member of the California State Assembly and State Senate from Fresno.

Maddy was born in Santa Monica. He attended Fresno State College and graduated in 1957 with a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture. He served in the State Assembly for Fresno County from 1971 to 1978. Maddy ran unsuccessfully for governor in the 1978 Republican primary, having finished in third place with 484,583 votes (19.2 percent). The nomination went to state Attorney General Evelle J. Younger, but he was defeated by the Democratic governor Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr., in the general election. Maddy was then elected to the State Senate in a 1979 special election, serving there until 1998. He was the chairman for the Senate Republican Caucus from 1979 to 1983 and was the Republican leader of the Senate from 1987 to 1995.

Evelle J. Younger
Evelle Jansen Younger (June 19, 1918 – May 4, 1989) was  an American lawyer who served as the California Attorney General from 1971 to 1979. Prior to his career as Attorney General, he served as the district attorney in Los Angeles where he oversaw the prosecutions of both Charles Manson and Sirhan Sirhan. In 1978, he had an unsuccessful run as the Republican Party nominee for Governor of California and retired from politics a year later.

He joined the firm Buchalter, Nemer, Fields, & Younger as a senior partner in 1979 where he worked until his death a decade later.
144th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 144th Infantry Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in the First World War and again in the early stages of the Second World War before being reduced to a reserve brigade and remained in the United Kingdom for the rest of the war. In both world wars the brigade served with 48th (South Midland) Division.

Worcestershire Rifles
The Worcestershire Rifles (Worcs Rifles) was a volunteer, part-time unit of the British Army based in the county of Worcestershire that had a long, yet split history in two units before merging into the larger Worcestershire Regiment. Following active service in World War I, during which its strength was tripled to three battalions, and World War II, in which its strength was doubled to two battalions, the unit was reduced to a company, and later expanded to two companies. Following reductions in the early 21st century, the two companies were merged and later reduced to a platoon in 2006. Today, the regiment's lineage is continued in the anti-tank platoon of the 4th Battalion, Mercian Regiment, still based in Kidderminster where the first volunteers had formed.
Techkriti
Techkriti is an annual four-day inter-collegiate technical and entrepreneurship festival at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. The festival is usually held in March. The 31st Edition of Techkriti was scheduled to be held from 27 to 31 March 2025. The festival began in 1995 to develop student technological innovation. The word Techkriti is derived from tech (technology) and the Sanskrit kriti (creation).

IIT Kanpur
The Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public institute of technology located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. As an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), it was declared an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act. As of January 2025, at least 18 Padma Shri, 4 Padma Bhushan, 1 Padma Vibhushan, and 33 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients have been affiliated with IIT Kanpur as alumni or faculty members.
Araucaria cunninghamii
Araucaria cunninghamii is a species of Araucaria known as hoop pine. Other less commonly used names include colonial pine, Queensland pine, Dorrigo pine, Moreton Bay pine and Richmond River pine. The scientific name honours the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham, who collected the first specimens in the 1820s. It is the oldest diverging lineage within the genus, and the only species in section Eutacta that grows on the mainland rather than islands.

Araucaria
Araucaria ( /ærɔːˈkɛəriə/; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka. ɾja]) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. While today they are largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, during the Jurassic and Cretaceous they were globally distributed. There are 20 extant species in New Caledonia (where 14 species are endemic, see New Caledonian Araucaria), eastern Australia (including Norfolk Island), New Guinea, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay.

The genus is familiar to many people as the genus of the distinctive Chilean pine or monkey-puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana). No distinct vernacular name exists for the genus. Many are called "pine", although they are only distantly related to true pines, in the genus Pinus.
No. 7 Flight AAC
No. 7 Flight Army Air Corps (No. 7 Flt AAC) was an independent flight of the British Army's Army Air Corps, latterly based at the British garrison at Medicina Lines in Seria, Brunei, on the island of Borneo.

Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
The Army Air Corps (AAC) is the aviation arm of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War by grouping the various airborne units of the British Army. Today, there are eight regiments (seven Regular Army and one Reserve) of the AAC, as well as two independent flights and two independent squadrons deployed in support of British Army operations around the world. Regiments and flights are located in the United Kingdom, Kenya, and Canada. Some AAC squadrons provide the air assault elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade Combat Team, through Joint Aviation Command.
Azad Kashmir Regular Force
The Azad Kashmir Regular Force (AKRF), formerly known as the Kashmir Liberation Forces (KLF), were the irregular forces of Azad Kashmir commanded by the Pakistan Army. After the end of the First Kashmir War in 1949, they were taken over by the government of Pakistan and converted into a regular force. In this form, the unit became part of the country's paramilitary forces, operating out of the nominally self-governing territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
The AKRF was altered from a functioning paramilitary force and merged into the Pakistan Army as an infantry regiment following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

A majority of the Pakistani troops who were deployed to infiltrate the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir during Operation Gibraltar in August 1965 were in service with the AKRF. Its failure led to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Azad Kashmir Regiment
The Azad Kashmir Regiment (AK Regt) is one of the six infantry regiments in the Pakistan Army named after Azad Kashmir (Pakistan Administered Kashmir). It holds the distinction of being the only Battle Born Regiment in South Asia, formed by locals of Azad Kashmir to fight against Dogra Raj, and the first regiment raised after Pakistan's independence. With the Regimental Centre at Mansar Camp in Attock District, the Regiment has participated in all operations and wars fought by the Pakistan Army.
José Francisco del Montenegro
José Francisco del Montenegro (1790 – 11 August 1851) was a Nicaraguan politician who served as Acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from 5 to 11 August 1851, the same date he died.

As a member of the Legitimist Party, in 1845, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs in José León Sandoval's cabinet.

On 4 August 1851, José Trinidad Muñoz together with Pablo Buitrago y Benavente organized a military coup in the country, as a result of which the head of state Laureano Pineda fled to Honduras. Montenegro was then appointed as Supreme Director based in Granada, but he died shortly after taking office. Pineda, who fled to Honduras, and Justo Abaunza in León also announced themselves as the Supreme Directors. According to Francisco Castellón, the Bishop of San Salvador, Jorge de Viteri y Ungo, was behind these intrigues.

Justo Abaunza
Justo Abaunza y Muñoz de Avilés (1778 – 1872) was a Costa Rican-born legitimist Nicaraguan lawyer and politician who served as acting Supreme Director of Nicaragua from 1 April to 5 May 1851, and as provisional Supreme Director appointed by José Trinidad Muñoz from 4 August to 2 November 1851.
René Duprée
René Goguen (born December 15, 1983), better known by his ring name René Duprée (French: [ʁəne dypʁe]; Japanese: レネ・デュプリ, romanized: Rene Dyupuri) is a Canadian professional wrestler and podcaster. Goguen is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment, where he is a one-time World Tag Team Champion with Sylvain Grenier as the tag team La Résistance and a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion with Kenzo Suzuki. He has also worked for Japanese promotions All Japan Pro Wrestling, Wrestle-1 and Hustle.

He is the first wrestler in WWE to win a title as a teenager. Goguen is the son of Canadian Maritimes wrestling promoter Emile Duprée.

Mark Jindrak
Mark Robert Jindrak (born June 26, 1977) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under his birth name, and for his appearances with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) under the ring name Marco Corleone. He is a former CMLL World Heavyweight Champion, CMLL World Trios Champion, and WCW World Tag Team Champion.
Smith & Wesson Model 30
The Smith & Wesson Model 30 is a small-frame, six-shot, double-action revolver chambered for the .32 Long cartridge. It was based on the Smith & Wesson Hand Ejector Third Model and was finished at the factory with a blued or nickel finish. It was a "round butt" I-frame and was produced from 1948 to 1960 and was replaced by the J-frame Model 30–1, which remained in production until 1976.

.32 S&W Long
The .32 S&W Long / 7.65x23mmR, often called the .32 Long, is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge, based on the earlier .32 S&W cartridge. It was introduced in 1896 for Smith & Wesson's first-model Hand Ejector revolver. Colt called it the .32 Colt New Police in revolvers it made chambered for the cartridge.