hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Business court
Business courts, sometimes referred to as commercial courts, are specialized courts for legal cases involving commercial law, internal business disputes, and other matters affecting businesses. In the US, they are trial courts that primarily or exclusively adjudicate internal business disputes and/or commercial litigation between businesses, heard before specialist judges assigned to these courts. Commercial courts outside the United States may have broader or narrower jurisdiction than state trial level business and commercial courts within the United States, for example patent or admiralty jurisdiction; and jurisdiction may vary between countries. Business courts may be further specialized, as in those that decide technology disputes and those that weigh appeals. Alternative dispute resolution and arbitration have connections to business courts.

Maryland Circuit Courts
The Circuit Courts of Maryland are the state trial courts of general jurisdiction in Maryland. They are Maryland's highest courts of record exercising original jurisdiction at law and in equity in all civil and criminal matters, and have such additional powers and jurisdiction as conferred by the Maryland Constitution of 1867 as amended, or by law.  The Circuit Courts also preside over divorce and most family law matters. Probate and estate matters are handled by a separate Orphans' Court. The Circuit Courts are the only Maryland state courts empowered to conduct jury trials.
Newton by Malpas
Newton by Malpas is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Malpas, in the Cheshire West and Chester district and ceremonial county of Cheshire in England. In 2001 it had a population of 11. Newton-juxta-Malpas was formerly a township in the parish of Malpas, in 1866 Newton by Malpas became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2015 the parish was abolished and merged with Malpas.

Malpas, Cheshire
Malpas (/mælpəs/ MAL-pəs) is a market town and a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West and Chester and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It lies near the borders with Shropshire and Wales, and had a population of 2,503 at the 2021 census.
Homer Hanna Early College High School
Hanna High School is a 5A public high school in Brownsville, Texas, United States. It is the successor of Brownsville High School. It is one of six high schools operated by the Brownsville Independent School District. In 2015, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

It is named after veteran South Texas teacher and administrator Homer Lee Hanna, who died in 2004.

Brownsville Independent School District
Brownsville Independent School District is a school district based in Brownsville, Texas, United States.

BISD serves most of the city of Brownsville and a portion of the town of Rancho Viejo as well as unincorporated areas in Cameron County, including Cameron Park, Reid Hope King, San Pedro, South Point, and Villa Pancho.  It is the largest school district in the Rio Grande Valley metropolitan area.

BISD won the 2008 Broad Prize for Urban Education, the largest school district award in the country, based on improving student performance, closing achievement gaps, and strong district-wide policies.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Li Ka Shing College
Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Li Ka Shing College (Chinese: 東華三院李嘉誠中學) is an aided secondary school in Hong Kong, founded in 1982. It is the twelfth secondary school established by Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. The school is located in Cheung Wah Estate, Fanling.

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals
The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals (Chinese: 東華三院), with a history dating back to 1870, is the oldest and largest charitable organisation in Hong Kong. It provides extensive education and community services through 194 service centres spread across Hong Kong.

Although Tung Wah Group of Hospitals is purely a charitable organisation today, it was originally an organisation that brought together the most influential Chinese magnates of Hong Kong in early colonial period. Tung Wah Group of Hospitals is also responsible for the management of Man Mo Temple, once an important cultural centre of colonial Hong Kong.

Tung Wah Group of Hospitals' Gallery, can be found in Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences, exhibits antiques of the charitable organisation. Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Museum, also managed by Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, is located inside Kwong Wah Hospital.
Neuqua Valley High School
Neuqua Valley High School (NVHS) /ˈniːkwə/ is a public four-year high school located near the corner of Illinois Route 59 and 95th Street in Naperville, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. Neuqua Valley is the counterpart to Waubonsie Valley High School and Metea Valley High School, in Indian Prairie School District 204.

Indian Prairie School District 204
Indian Prairie School District 204 (abbreviated IPSD) serves roughly 26,000 students from the Illinois communities of Aurora, Bolingbrook, Plainfield and Naperville, in DuPage and Will counties. Currently, one preschool, twenty one elementary schools, seven middle schools, three high schools, and one alternative high school are in the district. There are thirty-one District 204 schools in Naperville and Aurora and one in Bolingbrook.
HMS Hermione (1893)
HMS Hermione was an Astraea-class Royal Navy protected cruiser launched at Devonport in 1893. She served in World War I and was sold in 1921. She was renamed training ship Warspite in 1922, and broken up in 1940.

Hermione was a 10-gun twin-screw cruiser of 4360 tons, 9,000 horsepower (6,700 kW), and capable of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). The vessel was 320 feet (98 m) in length, had a beam of 49 feet (15 m), and a draught of 19 feet (5.8 m).

Astraea-class cruiser
The Astraea class was an eight ship class of protected cruisers built for the Royal Navy during the 1890s. The ships served on a number of foreign stations during their careers, particularly in the waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and around the Cape of Good Hope. Already obsolete by the outbreak of the First World War, most continued to see service in a variety of roles, though rarely in a front line capacity. By the end of the war the majority were being used as training or depot ships, and they were soon sold out of the service and scrapped. However, one ship, HMS Hermione, was bought by the Marine Society and used as a training ship until 1940.
USS Signet
USS Signet (AM-302) was an Admirable-class minesweeper built for the United States Navy during World War II. She received four battle stars during World War II. She was decommissioned in December 1945 and placed in reserve. In February 1955, while still in reserve, her hull number was changed from AM-302 to MSF-302, but she was not reactivated. She was transferred to the Dominican Republic in January 1965 and renamed Tortuguero (BM455) (or Tortugero in some sources). She was employed as a patrol vessel in Dominican Navy service. Her pennant number was changed from BM455 to C455 in 1995. Tortuguero was stricken and hulked in 1997.

Admirable-class minesweeper
The Admirable class was one of the largest and most successful classes of minesweepers ordered by the United States Navy during World War II.  Typically, minesweepers detected and removed naval mines before the rest of the fleet arrived, thereby ensuring safe passage for the larger ships. They were also charged with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) duties with rear-mounted depth charge racks and a forward-firing Hedgehog antisubmarine mortar.  Their job was essential to the safety and success of U.S. naval operations during World War II and the Korean War. These minesweepers were also employed as patrol vessel and convoy escorts. The only remaining ship of this class is located at Freedom Park, Omaha, NE.

The PCE-842-class of patrol craft escorts was based on the Admirable-class design.
Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi
Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi  (Thai: เจริญ สิริวัฒนภักดี; simplified Chinese: 苏旭明; traditional Chinese: 蘇旭明; pinyin: Sū Xùmíng; Pe̍h-ūe-jī: Sou Hiok-mêng; RTGS: Charoen Siriwatthanaphakdi; born 2 May 1944) is a Thai business magnate and investor.

He is the founder of Thai Beverage, and the chairman of conglomerates TCC Group and Fraser and Neave, Ltd (F&N). The Sirivadhanabhakdi family is now Thailand's largest property developer and landlord of 630,000 rai (101,000 ha; 250,000 acres), plus commercial and retail buildings in Singapore. He also owns 50 hotels in Asia, the US, UK, and Australia, including Plaza Athénée in Manhattan, New York City, US, and The Okura Prestige Bangkok. As of 2020, Forbes estimates his net worth at US$10.5 billion.

In 1988, King Bhumibol of Thailand granted the family the Thai surname "Sirivadhanabhakdi".

Big C
Big C, operated by Big C Supercenter Public Company Limited under Big C Retail Corporation Public Company Limited, is a supermarket retailer headquartered in Bangkok, Thailand. In 2016, Big C was Thailand's second-largest hypermarket operator after Lotus's. It has operations in five countries, namely Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Hong Kong.

The company was founded by Central Group in 1993 and the first Big C opened on Chaengwattana Road in Bangkok in 1994. As of 2019 Big C operates 153 hypermarkets, 63 Big C markets, and 1,018 Mini Big C stores.
Pieve
In Italy in the Middle Ages, a pieve (Italian pronunciation: [ˈpjɛːve], Corsican: [ˈpjɛvɛ]; Latin: plebe; pl.: pievi) was a rural church with a baptistery, upon which other churches without baptisteries depended. Pieve is also an Italian and Corsican term signifying the medieval ecclesiastical/administrative territory of its the mother church. It has thus become a common component of both place names and of the names of churches.

The Italian word pieve is descended from Latin plebs which, after the expansion of Christianity in Italy, was applied to the community of baptized people. Many pievi began to appear in the 5th century, as Christianity expanded in the rural areas outside the main cities. In the 9th-10th centuries, they were often designed with bell towers.

Baptistery
In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font. The baptistery may be incorporated within the body of a church or cathedral, and provided with an altar as a chapel. In the early Church, the catechumens were instructed and the sacrament of baptism was administered in the baptistery.
Šafařík (crater)
Šafařík is a small lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon. It lies due north of the crater Tiselius and to the east-southeast of Sharonov. This is a worn and eroded crater with smaller impacts along the rim to the east and northwest. The remainder of the worn rim and the interior are relatively featureless.

The crater was named by the IAU in 1970.

The crater lies within the Freundlich-Sharonov Basin.

Tiselius
Tiselius is a lunar impact crater that lies just to the east of Valier, on the Moon's far side. The craters Tiselius and Valier are separated by only a few kilometers. Less than one crater diameter to the east of Tiselius is the smaller, elongated Stein, and to the north is the small, eroded Šafařík.

This is a roughly circular crater with a well-defined edge that has not been significantly degraded by impact erosion. The inner walls have slumped in places to form piles of scree. The interior floor is marked by a few small craterlets, and there is an irregular group of ridges around the midpoint. The small, cup-shaped satellite crater Tiselius E lies near the eastern outer edge.

The crater was named after Swedish biochemist Arne Tiselius, by the IAU in 1979.
Cowichan Valley
The Cowichan Valley is a region around the Cowichan River, Cowichan Bay and Cowichan Lake on Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. There is some debate as to the origin of the name Cowichan, which many  believe to be an anglicized form of the First Nations tribal name Quw'utsun.

Quamichan
Quamichan (or Kwʼamutsun) is a traditional nation of the Coast Salish people, commonly referred to by the English adaptation of Quʼwutsun ("warm place") as the Cowichan Indians, or First Nations, of the Cowichan Valley on Vancouver Island, in the area near the city of Duncan, British Columbia and Salt Spring Island, British Columbia.

The Quamichan are now part of the Cowichan Tribes band government, along with several other Cowichan-area peoples.
Far Eastern University Diliman
FEU Diliman, formerly known as FEU FERN College, is an educational institution at Sampaguita Avenue, Mapayapa Village, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. Founded in 1994 to commemorate the birth centennial of Nicanor Reyes Sr., founder and first president of the Far Eastern University (FEU), the institution offers programs from Kindergarten, Basic Education, High School, up to Tertiary Education.

FEU Diliman is the home of the FEU Baby Tamaraws, the high school varsity team of FEU, for the Juniors Division of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP).

Like its sister schools, FEU Tech and FEU Alabang, the college runs on a trimester academic system. An academic year starts in the second week of August and ends every June.

Far Eastern University Alabang
FEU Alabang is a private, non-sectarian trimestral, coeducational higher education institution located in Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines.  Founded on July 21, 2016 as the sixth campus of the Far Eastern University, it offers Senior High School, Engineering, Computer Studies, Accountancy and Business programs.

FEU Alabang is an annex campus of the FEU Institute of Technology, headed by Dr. Benson T. Tan as Senior Executive Director. The deans, professors, faculties, and grading system of the university are all managed by FEU Tech.

Like its sister schools, FEU Tech and FEU Diliman, the college runs on a trimester academic system. An academic year starts in the second week of August and ends every June.
Mining Exchange
The Mining Exchange is a Grade II listed building in Redruth, Cornwall, UK. It was constructed in 1880 at a cost of £500 to build. It is thought to have been designed by local architect Sampson Hill. The Mining Exchange was where local producers sold mineral stock.

Redruth
Redruth (/rəˈdruːθ/ rə-DROOTH, Cornish: Resrudh) is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England. Redruth lies approximately at the junction of the A393 and A3047 roads, on the route of the old London to Land's End trunk road (now the A30), and is approximately  9 miles (14 km) west of Truro, 12 miles (19 km) east of St Ives, 18 miles (29 km) north east of Penzance and 11 miles (18 km) north west of Falmouth. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 15,626 and the population of the built up area was 15,455.
Sutra mound
A sutra mound (経塚, kyōzuka) is an archaeological site where sūtras were buried underground. In Japanese Buddhism, it is a type of good deed, and was done as a type of puja.

Examples of sutra mounds include the Katsuragi 28 Shuku in the Kansai region of Japan.

Katsuragi 28 Shuku
The Katsuragi 28 Shuku (Japanese: 葛城二十八宿, Hepburn: Katsuragi nijūhasshuku), or the Katsuragi 28 Shuku Kyōzuka, is a series of twenty-eight sutra mounds (経塚, kyōzuka) found mainly in the Kongō Range in the Kansai region of Japan. The majority of the sutra mounds lie within the Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen Quasi-National Park. According to legend, each of the sutra mounds corresponds to a chapter of the Lotus Sutra buried by En no Gyoja, the mythical 7th-century founder of Shugendō.
Sidney Hillman
Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 – July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. He was the head of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and in marshaling labor's support for President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal coalition of the Democratic Party.

Philip Murray
Philip Murray (May 25, 1886 – November 9, 1952) was a Scottish-born steelworker and an American labor leader. He was the first president of the Steel Workers Organizing Committee (SWOC), the first president of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA), and the longest-serving president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
Wally Hedrick
Wally Bill Hedrick (1928 – December 17, 2003) was a seminal American artist in the 1950s California counterculture, gallerist, and educator who came to prominence in the early 1960s. Hedrick's contributions to art include pioneering artworks in psychedelic light art, mechanical kinetic sculpture, junk/assemblage sculpture, Pop Art, and (California) Funk Art. Later in his life, he was a recognized forerunner in Happenings, Conceptual Art, Bad Painting, Neo-Expressionism, and image appropriation. Hedrick was also a key figure in the first important public manifestation of the Beat Generation when he helped to organize the Six Gallery Reading, and created the first artistic denunciation of American foreign policy in Vietnam. Wally Hedrick was known as an "idea artist" long before the label conceptual art entered the art world, and experimented with innovative use of language in art, at times resorting to puns.

San Francisco Art Institute
San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) was a private college of contemporary art in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1871, SFAI was one of the oldest art schools in the United States and the oldest west of the Mississippi River. Approximately 220 undergraduates and 112 graduate students were enrolled in 2021. The institution was accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) and the National Association of Schools of Art and Design (NASAD), and was a member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). The school closed permanently in July 2022.
Brocchinia hechtioides
Brocchinia hechtioides is a species of plant in the genus Brocchinia. This species is native to Venezuela and Guyana. It is one of the two or three members of the genus (the others being B. reducta and possibly B. tatei) that appear to be carnivorous. The leaves form an urn which captures water and also serves as a pitfall trap for insects.

Brocchinia reducta
Brocchinia reducta /brɒˈkɪniə riːˈdʌktə/ is a carnivorous plant in the bromeliad family. It is native to southern Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, and Guyana, and is found in areas with nutrient-poor, high moisture soil. B. reducta is able to grow in sparse conditions, which is evident when it uses its roots as anchors over rocks. Its funnel-like structure and waxy coating, among other characteristics, suggest that this plant is carnivorous.
Bessera
Bessera is a genus of Mexican plants in the cluster lily subfamily within the asparagus family. It is a small genus of 5 known species of mostly herbaceous flowering plants with corms. They have flowers with petals and petaloid sepals (tepals) with compound pistils.

The genus is named for Austrian and Russian botanist Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb von Besser (1784–1842).

Bessera elegans, called coral drops, is cultivated and is a half-hardy Mexican herbaceous plant growing from corms with drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white colored flowers.

Brodiaeoideae
Brodiaeoideae are a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. They have been treated as a separate family, Themidaceae. They are native to Central America and western North America, from British Columbia to Guatemala. The name of the subfamily is based on the type genus Brodiaea.

In molecular phylogenetic analyses, Brodiaeoideae is strongly supported as monophyletic. It is probably sister to Scilloideae. Recent treatments have divided Brodiaeoideae (or Themidaceae) into 12 genera. The monophyly of several of the genera remains in doubt. As currently circumscribed, the largest genera are Triteleia, with 15 species, and Brodiaea, with 14. Nine of the 12 genera are known in cultivation, but only species of Brodiaea and Triteleia are commonly grown.
Arola
Arola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 284 and an area of 6.5 km2 (2.5 sq mi).

The municipality of Arola contains the frazione (subdivision) Pianezza.

Arola borders the following municipalities: Cesara, Civiasco, Madonna del Sasso.

Cesara
Cesara is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Turin and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 617 and an area of 11.3 square kilometres (4.4 sq mi).

The municipality of Cesara contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Colma, Grassona, and Egro.

Cesara borders the following municipalities: Arola, Civiasco, Madonna del Sasso, Nonio, Pella, Varallo Sesia.
Broccostella
Broccostella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Rome and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of Frosinone.

Broccostella borders the following municipalities: Arpino, Campoli Appennino, Fontechiari, Posta Fibreno, Sora.

Lady Gaga's maternal great-grandparents Vincenzo Ferri and Filomena Campagna (Veronica Rose Bissett's parents) were both born in this comune when its name still was only Brocco.

Posta Fibreno
Posta Fibreno (locally La Posta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of Rome and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Frosinone.

Posta Fibreno borders the following municipalities: Alvito, Broccostella, Campoli Appennino, Fontechiari, Vicalvi.

In 1927, following the reorganization of provincial circumscriptions established by royal decree no. 1 January 2, 1927, by the will of the fascist government, when the province of Frosinone was established, Posta Fibreno, as a locality of Vicalvi, passed from Caserta province to that of Frosinone. In 1957, with the law of 5 March 1957 n. 91, left the territory of Vicalvi.
Diocese of Joliet
The Diocese of Joliet in Illinois (Latin: Diœcesis Joliettensis in Illinois) is a diocese of the Catholic Church in Illinois in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago. It was created in 1948, branching from the Archdiocese of Chicago. The mother church of the diocese is the Cathedral of St. Raymond Nonnatus in Joliet. The diocese is currently a vacant see (sede vacante), since the previous bishop, Ronald Hicks, who led the diocese from 2020 to 2026 after serving as auxiliary bishop and vicar general of the Chicago archdiocese from 2018 to 2020, was named Archbishop of New York by Pope Leo XIV, succeeding the retiring Cardinal Timothy Dolan.

Robert Daniel Conlon
Robert Daniel Conlon (born December 4, 1948) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as bishop of the Diocese of Joliet in Illinois from 2011 to 2020. From 2002 to 2011 he served as bishop of the Diocese of Steubenville in Ohio.
Cerritosaurus
Cerritosaurus is a genus of proterochampsid archosauromorph from the Late Triassic. It has been found in the Santa Maria Formation, in the Geopark of Paleorrota, Brazil. It is represented by one species.

It was collected in 1941 by Antonio Binsfeld, in Sanga da Alemoa. Nearby, there is a small mountain called the Cerrito, after which the genus is named.

Proterochampsidae
Proterochampsidae is a family of proterochampsian archosauriforms. Proterochampsids may have filled an ecological niche similar to modern crocodiles, and had a general crocodile-like appearance. They lived in what is now South America in the Middle and Late Triassic.