hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ta-Arawakan languages
The Ta-Arawakan languages, also known as Ta-Maipurean and Caribbean, are the Indigenous Arawakan languages of the Caribbean Sea coasts of Central and South America. They are distinguished by the first person pronominal prefix ta-, as opposed to common Arawakan na-.

Arawakan languages
Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper), also known as Maipurean (also Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre), is a language family spoken among various Indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Most present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, with the exceptions of Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock.
1884 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1884 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1884 college football season. The team compiled a 2–0 record and outscored its opponents by a combined score of 36 to 10.  The team captain was Horace Greely Prettyman.  Prettyman played a record eight years on the Michigan Wolverines football team between 1882 and 1890.  The team's manager and starting center was Henry Killilea. Killilea was one of the five men who founded baseball's American League as a major league in 1899. He also owned the Boston Red Sox from 1903 until 1904.  Quarterback Thomas H. McNeil went on to become the 30th Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias.

Henry Killilea
Henry James Killilea (June 30, 1863 – January 23, 1929) was an American baseball team owner and attorney.  He was one of the founders of baseball's American League. He also played college football and baseball at the University of Michigan.
Aethridae
The Aethridae are a family of crabs in their own superfamily, Aethroidea. It contains these genera (extinct genera marked †):

Actaeomorpha  Miers, 1877

Aethra  Latreille in Cuvier, 1816

Drachiella  Guinot, in Serene & Soh, 1976

†Eohepatella  Beschin & De Angeli, 2017

†Eriosachila  Blow & Manning, 1996

Hepatella  Smith, in Verrill, 1869

†Hepatiscus  Bittner, 1875

Hepatus  Latreille, 1802

†Ilerdapatiscus  Artal & Van Bakel, 2018

†Latuxanthides  De Angeli & Ceccon, 2015

†Mainhepatiscus  De Angeli & Beschin, 1999

Miohepatus  Lima, Silva, Aguilera, Pinheiro & Santana, 2023

Osachila  Stimpson, 1871

†Politohepatiscus  Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin, Busulini, Fornaciari, Papazzoni & Tessier, 2018

†Priabonella  Beschin, De Angeli, Checchi & Mietto, 2006

Sakaila  Manning & Holthuis, 1981

Drachiella (crab)
Drachiella is a genus of crabs in the family Aethridae, containing one fossil species, and the following species:

Drachiella aglypha (Laurie, 1906)

Drachiella angulata (Ihle, 1918)

Drachiella caelata Takeda & Tachikawa, 1995

Drachiella lapillula (Alcock, 1896)

Drachiella morum (Alcock, 1896)

Drachiella sculpta (Haswell, 1879)
Denis Napthine
Denis Vincent Napthine AO (born 6 March 1952) is an Australian former politician and veterinarian who served as the 47th premier of Victoria from 2013 to 2014. He held office as the leader of the Victorian division of the Liberal Party of Australia (LPA) and was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (MLA) for the district of Portland from 1988 to 2002, before transferring to that of South-West Coast from 2002 to 2015.

He was elected leader of the Parliamentary Liberal Party on 6 March 2013 following the resignation of Ted Baillieu and was sworn in as premier on the same day. His party lost the Victorian state election on 29 November 2014 and he announced he would step down as leader of the Parliamentary Liberal Party, with Matthew Guy being elected his successor on 4 December.

As of 2025, he is the most recent Liberal Premier of Victoria.

1999 Victorian state election
The 1999 Victorian state election was held on Saturday 18 September 1999 to elect the 54th Parliament of Victoria. All 88 members of the state's Legislative Assembly and 22 members of the 44-member Legislative Council were up for election. The Liberal–National Coalition led by Jeff Kennett and Pat McNamara, which had held majority government since the 1992 election, lost 15 seats and its majority due mainly to a swing against it in rural and regional Victoria.

The Labor Party, led by Steve Bracks, although also not having majority of the seats, took government due to support from three rural independents. They decided to back the Labor Party, which gave a working majority in the chamber to a Labor minority government. Bracks was sworn in as Premier of Victoria on 20 October 1999.

Future Premier Jacinta Allan entered parliament at this election.
Tag omission
Tag omission is an optional feature to minimize an SGML document. Whenever a tag can be implicitly anticipated by the parser from the structure of the document, the tag can be omitted.
The tag omission feature can be generally enabled or disabled in the SGML Declaration. The Document Type Definition is used to enable or disable the tag for a specific tag.

Tag omission is one of the main features of SGML which was removed from XML to simplify parsing.

Standard Generalized Markup Language
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on two postulates":

Declarative: Markup should describe a document's structure and other attributes rather than specify the processing that needs to be performed, because it is less likely to conflict with future developments.

Rigorous: In order to allow markup to take advantage of the techniques available for processing, markup should rigorously define objects like programs and databases.

DocBook SGML and LinuxDoc are examples which used SGML tools.
Michael Lederer
Michael Lederer (born July 9, 1956 in Princeton, New Jersey) is an American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, short story writer, poet, and essayist currently living in Berlin, Germany. Die Welt has called him "an archaeologist among the great American writers."

Ivo John Lederer
Ivo John Lederer (December 11, 1929 – June 18, 1998) was a diplomatic historian who taught at Princeton (1955–57), Yale (1957–65) and Stanford (1965–77) universities.  He also served at the Ford Foundation in New York City as Program Officer in charge of East European affairs.  In 1977, he left academics to begin a second career in business.
Arthur E. Woolley
Arthur E. Woolley (July 27, 1931 – May 29, 2021) was an Episcopal priest noted for urban activism, racially integrated parishes, and conservative declarations, especially against the ordination of women.

Alma S. Woolley
Alma S. Woolley (October 3, 1931, New York City – December 17, 2005, Baltimore) was an American nurse, nurse educator, nursing historian, and author. She led several schools of nursing, and authored a number of books and articles on nursing education, the history of nursing education, and nurses.
Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (23 August 1883 – 2 September 1953) was a United States Army general, the Commander of Allied forces in the Philippines, and prisoner of war during World War II.

Wainwright commanded American and Filipino forces during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, for which he received a Medal of Honor. He oversaw the largest ever surrender of American armed forces in May 1942, on the island stronghold of Corregidor. At the time of his capture, Wainwright was the highest-ranking American prisoner of war. He spent three years in Japanese prison camps, during which he suffered from malnutrition and mistreatment. Americans viewed him as a hero during his ordeal. In August 1945, he was escorted from Manchuria by the Red Army. Shortly after Japan's surrender, Wainwright was promoted to four-star General.

Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla (/ˌwɑːlə ˈwɑːlə/ WAH-lə WAH-lə) is a city in and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States. It had a population of 34,060 at the 2020 census, estimated to have decreased to 33,339 as of 2023. The combined population of the city and its two suburbs, the town of College Place and unincorporated Walla Walla East, is about 45,500.

Walla Walla is in the southeastern region of Washington, approximately four hours away from Portland, Oregon, and four and a half hours from Seattle. It is located only 6 mi (10 km) north of the Oregon border.
Zhaltyrsor
Zhaltyrsor (Kazakh: Жалтырсор) is a lake in Amangeldi District, Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan.

The lake is located 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the ESE of Kabyrga village and 34 kilometers (21 mi) to the southwest of  Amangeldi, the district capital.

Amangeldi District
Amangeldi (Kazakh: Аманкелді ауданы, Amankeldı audany) is a district of Kostanay Region in northern Kazakhstan. The administrative center of the district is Amangeldi. Population: 17,222 (2013 estimate); 17,660 (2009 census results); 21,244 (1999 census results).
South Carolina Highway 202
South Carolina Highway 202 (SC 202) is a 4.520-mile-long (7.274 km) state highway in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway connects Little Mountain and the Pomaria area. Though signed as an east-west highway, it runs in a south-to-north fashion.

Newberry County, South Carolina
Newberry County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 37,719. Its county seat is Newberry. The name is of unknown origin, although one theory suggests that it was named by Quaker settlers in honor of their home of Newberry, a suburb of London in the United Kingdom. Newberry County comprises the Newberry, SC micropolitan statistical area.
Andria
Andria (Italian: [ˈandrja] ⓘ; Barese: Iàndrie) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Apulia region of Southern Italy. It is an agricultural and service center, producing wine, olives and almonds. It is the fourth-largest municipality in the Apulia region (behind Bari, Taranto, and Foggia) and the largest municipality of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani. It is known for the 13th-century Castel del Monte.

Trani
Trani (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtraːni] ⓘ; Barese: Trane) is a seaport of Apulia, Southern Italy, on the Adriatic Sea, 40 kilometres (25 mi) by railway west-northwest of Bari. It is one of the capital cities of the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani (BAT).

Trani is a member of Cittaslow.
Zero-copy
In computer science, zero-copy refers to techniques that enable data transfer between memory spaces without requiring the CPU to copy the data. By avoiding redundant copying, zero-copy methods minimize CPU usage and memory bandwidth, leading to substantial performance gains. This is crucial for applications demanding high data throughput, such as network communication, file I/O, and multimedia processing.

Express Data Path
XDP (eXpress Data Path) is an eBPF-based high-performance network data path used to send and receive network packets at high rates by bypassing most of the operating system networking stack. It is merged in the Linux kernel since version 4.8. This implementation is licensed under GPL. Large technology firms including Amazon, Google and Intel support its development. Microsoft released their free and open source implementation XDP for Windows in May 2022. It is licensed under MIT License.
Pir Husayn Chubani
Pir Husayn Chubani (Amīr Pīr Ḥusayn b. Shaykh Maḥmūd b. Chopān) was a Chobanid Amir and governor of the region of Fars from 1339 to 1342. He was one of the four sons of Shaikh Mahmoud, who had been Chobanid Governor of Armenia and Georgia until 1327, himself son of Chupan.

Injuids
The Injuids (also Injus or House of Inju) were an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkhanate until their defeat in 1357 against the Muzaffarids.
Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013
The Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013 (Act No.35 of 2013; previously Bill No.66 of 2013) was an Act of the Oireachtas which, until 2018, defined the circumstances and processes within which abortion in Ireland could be legally performed. The act gave effect in statutory law to the terms of the Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court in the 1992 judgment in the X Case. That judgment allowed for abortion where pregnancy endangers a woman's life, including through a risk of suicide. The provisions relating to suicide had been the most contentious part of the bill. Having passed both Houses of the Oireachtas in July 2013, it was signed into law on 30 July by Michael D. Higgins, the President of Ireland, and commenced on 1 January 2014. The 2013 Act was repealed by the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018, which commenced on 1 January 2019.

November 1992 Irish constitutional referendums
Three referendums were held in Ireland on 25 November 1992, the same day as the 1992 general election. Each was on a proposed amendment of the Irish constitution relating to the law on abortion. They were enumerated as the Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments. The proposed Twelfth Amendment was rejected by voters while both the Thirteenth and Fourteenth were approved.
Tuymazinsky District
Tuymazinsky District (Russian: Туймази́нский райо́н; Bashkir and Tatar: Туймазы районы, Tuymazı rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Sharansky District in the north, Buzdyaksky District in the east, Belebeyevsky District in the southeast and south, Yermekeyevsky District in the south, and with the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 2,403 square kilometers (928 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Tuymazy (which is administratively separate from the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 64,389.

Yermekeyevsky District
Yermekeyevsky District (Russian: Ермеке́евский райо́н; Bashkir: Йәрмәкәй районы, Yärmäkäy rayonı; Tatar: Ярмәкәй районы, Yarmäkäy rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Tuymazinsky District in the north, Belebeyevsky District in the east, Bizhbulyaksky District in the southeast, and with Orenburg Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan in the west. The area of the district is 1,437 square kilometers (555 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yermekeyevo. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,162, with the population of Yermekeyevo accounting for 22.9% of that number.
X-class submarine
The X class was a World War II midget submarine class built for the Royal Navy during 1943–44. It was substantially larger than the original Chariot manned torpedo.

Known individually as X-Craft, the vessels were designed to be towed to their intended area of operations by a full-size "mother" submarine – usually one of the T class or S class – with a passage crew on board, the operational crew being transferred from the towing submarine to the X-Craft by dinghy when the operational area was reached, and the passage crew returning with the dinghy to the towing submarine. Once the attack was over, the X-Craft would rendezvous with the towing submarine and then be towed home.

Range was limited primarily by the endurance and determination of their crews, but was thought to be up to 14 days in the craft or 1,000 nmi (1,900 km), after suitable training. Actual range of the X-Craft itself was 600 nmi (1,100 km) surfaced and 80 nmi (150 km) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h) submerged.

HMS Syrtis
HMS Syrtis was a third-batch S-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during the Second World War. Completed in 1943, Syrtis spent most of her career in the Arctic, off Norway, other than a single patrol in the Bay of Biscay,

On her first patrol, she sighted a German submarine, but could not attack it. Her second patrol saw the submarine board a Vichy French fishing vessel. Syrtis was then assigned to take part in Operation Source, an attack on the German battleships based in Norway, using midget submarines. The boat was to tow the submarine X9 to her target, then release it to perform its mission. However, the tow line between the two submarines parted en route, and X9 was lost with all hands.

Syrtis went on to conduct three patrols off Norway, but these were uneventful. On 16 March, the submarine started another patrol in the Arctic, and sank one Norwegian merchant ship. She never returned, and was most probably sunk by mines.
Tagus Estuary Natural Reserve
Tagus Estuary Natural Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Natural do Estuário do Tejo) is a natural reserve in Portugal. It is one of the 30 areas which are officially under protection in the country. The estuary of the Tagus River is the largest wetland in the country and one of the most important in Europe, a sanctuary for fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and especially to birds that stop-over on their migration between northern Europe and Africa. It is the largest estuary in western Europe, with about 34,000 hectares (84,000 acres), and regularly hosts 50,000 wintering waterfowl.

Tagus
The Tagus (/ˈteɪɡəs/ TAY-gəs; Spanish: Tajo [ˈtaxo] ⓘ; Portuguese: Tejo [ˈtɛʒu]) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows 1,007 km (626 mi), generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.
Doryrhamphus aurolineatus
Doryrhamphus aurolineatus is a species of flagtail pipefish from the genus Doryrhamphus that occurs in the Western Indian Ocean. It was named by J. E. Randall and John L. Earle in 1994. The fish may be found near caves, and males carry eggs in a brood pouch under the tail.

Flagtail pipefish
Doryrhamphus and Dunckerocampus, popularly known as flagtail pipefish, are two genera of fishes in the family Syngnathidae. They are found in warm, relatively shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific, with a single species, D. paulus, in the eastern Pacific. Most of these pipefishes are very colourful, and are fairly popular in the marine aquarium hobby despite requiring special care and not being recommended for beginners.

Their habit of flashing the distinctly patterned tails during courtship and other displays have earned them their English common name. Adults are highly territorial and usually live in pairs. They feed on tiny crustaceans and other small animals, and most species from the genus Doryrhamphus will sometimes act as cleaners.
Culver City Police Department
The Culver City Police Department (CCPD) is the police department in Culver City, California.

The CCPD is a full-service police department and includes more than 160 persons on staff, and serves an area of 5.33 square miles (13.8 km2). The  Police Chief is Jason Sims.

Culver City, California
Culver City is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,779. It is mostly surrounded by Los Angeles, but also shares a border with the unincorporated area of Ladera Heights to the east. The city was named after Harry Culver who incorporated it in 1917.

In the 1920s, Culver City became a center for film and later television production. It was best known as the home of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios from 1924 to 1986. From 1932 to 1986, it was the headquarters for the Hughes Aircraft Company. National Public Radio West and Sony Pictures Entertainment have headquarters in the city. It has been described as a "largely idyllic...peaceful, semi-suburban community with a relatively low crime rate and high quality of life" best known for its "parks, studio lots, and breakfast burritos".
Oxford, Maine
Oxford is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Oxford is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 4,229 at the 2020 census. It contains the census-designated place of the same name. Oxford is home to the Oxford Plains Speedway, Kamp Kohut, the annual Oxford County Fair, and Oxford Casino. The town includes the village of Welchville.

Otisfield, Maine
Otisfield is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. Otisfield is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 1,853 at the 2020 census. Otisfield is a summer recreation area and home to Seeds of Peace Camp and Camp Arcadia.
St. Clair Township, Butler County, Ohio
St. Clair Township is one of thirteen townships in Butler County, Ohio, United States.  The township consists of three disconnected pieces located along the Great Miami River in the central portion of the county. It had a population of 6,671 at the 2020 census.

Hamilton, Ohio
Hamilton is a city in Butler County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. It is 20 miles (32 km) north of Cincinnati along the Great Miami River. The population was 63,399 at the 2020 census, making Hamilton the second-most populous city in the Cincinnati metropolitan area and the tenth-most populous city in Ohio. Most of the city is served by the Hamilton City School District.
Expeditionary learning schools
Expeditionary Learning Schools (ELS) are models of comprehensive school reform based on the educational ideas of German educator Kurt Hahn, the founder of Outward Bound. There are more than 150 Expeditionary Learning Schools in 30 US states and the District of Columbia. They feature project-based learning expeditions, where students engage in interdisciplinary study of compelling topics, in groups and in their community, with assessment coming through cumulative products, public presentations, and portfolios. According to the ELS website students undertake tasks requiring perseverance, fitness, craftsmanship, imagination, self-discipline, and significant achievement.

Kurt Hahn
Kurt Matthias Robert Martin Hahn (5 June 1886 – 14 December 1974) was a German educator. He was decisive in founding Stiftung Louisenlund, Schule Schloss Salem, Gordonstoun, Outward Bound, the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, and the first of the United World Colleges, Atlantic College.
Spital Beck
Spital Beck is a small watercourse that enters the River Esk in the upper harbour at Whitby, in North Yorkshire, England. In Medieval times, the mouth of the Spital Beck was the limit of the Port of Whitby, and the beck itself in its lower reaches was associated with the shipbuilding industry. It is sometimes referred to locally as California Beck.

River Esk, North Yorkshire
The River Esk is a river in North Yorkshire, England that empties into the North Sea at Whitby after a course of around 28 miles (45 km) through Eskdale. The name of the river is derived from the Brythonic word ‘isca’ meaning ‘water’. The Esk is the only major river in Yorkshire that flows direct into the North Sea; all other watercourses defined as being major rivers by the Environment Agency flow into the North Sea via the River Tees or the Humber Estuary.
Stardust Award for Best Actor in a Comedy or Romance
The Stardust Best Comedy/Romance Actor is chosen by the readers of the annual Indian Stardust magazine. It was started in 1971 by Nari Hira. The Stardust Award honours a star that has made an impact with their acting in that certain Hindi film.

Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won.

Stardust Awards
The Stardust Awards was an award ceremony for Hindi movies, which was sponsored by Stardust magazine. Here is a list of the award winners and the films for which they won. The first ceremony was held in 2004 for films released in 2003. The last awards ceremony happened in 2016, with several Discontinued, Intermittent and Special Awards.