hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scott v Shepherd
Scott v. Shepherd 96 Eng. Rep. 525 (K.B. 1773), commonly known as the "flying squib case", is an important English tort law case on remoteness and the principle of novus actus interveniens as it related to the division in law between trespass and "action on the case".

English tort law
English tort law concerns the compensation for harm to people's rights to health and safety, a clean environment, property, their economic interests, or their reputations. A "tort" is a wrong in civil law, rather than criminal law, that usually requires a payment of money to make up for damage that is caused. Alongside contracts and unjust enrichment, tort law is usually seen as forming one of the three main pillars of the law of obligations.

In English law, torts like other civil cases are generally tried in front a judge without a jury.
Camden, New York
Camden is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States.  The population was 4,934 at the 2010 census.

The town of Camden contains a village also called Camden. The town is in the northwestern part of Oneida County and is northwest of the City of Rome.

Camden (village), New York
Camden is a village in Oneida County, New York, United States. The population was 2,196 at the 2020 census.

The village of Camden is located inside the town Camden at the intersection of routes NY-13 and NY-69.
426th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron
The 426th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force fighter squadron.   Its last assignment was with the 405th Tactical Training Wing, being inactivated at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, on 19 November 1990.

During World War II, the 426th Night Fighter Squadron was a night fighter squadron assigned to Tenth Air Force in India, and Fourteenth Air Force in China.  It was reactivated in 1970 as a tactical fighter Replacement Training Unit (RTU) at Luke AFB.

405th Air Expeditionary Wing
The 405th Air Expeditionary Wing (405 AEW) is a provisional United States Air Force unit assigned to Air Combat Command.  It may be activated or inactivated at any time.

Currently, it is believed that the 405 AEW is inactive.
John Joy Edson
John Joy Edson (May 17, 1846 – July 15, 1935), was president of the Washington Loan and Trust Company, Equitable Co-operative Building Association, treasurer of the American Geographical Society, and Chairman of the Board and treasurer of the National Geographic Society.

Equitable Co-operative Building Association
The Equitable Co-operative Building Association is a historic building, located at 915 F Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Penn Quarter neighborhood. As of November 2018, it houses the second location of the restaurant Succotash.
Harry & Paul
Harry & Paul (originally titled Ruddy Hell! It's Harry & Paul) is a British sketch comedy show starring Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 13 April 2007. Prior to broadcast, it was trailed as The Harry Enfield Show.

The show reunites the pair, who had success with Harry Enfield's Television Programme (later titled Harry Enfield & Chums) in the 1990s.

The second series of the programme began on BBC1 on 5 September 2008. This was the last TV series from the comedy producer Geoffrey Perkins, who died shortly before transmission. A third series was commissioned and began on 28 September 2010, this time on BBC2, where the show had been moved to because of falling ratings. The fourth series was broadcast in 2012.

Geoffrey Perkins
Geoffrey Howard Perkins (22 February 1953 – 29 August 2008) was a British comedy producer, writer and performer. He was BBC head of comedy between 1995 and 2001, and  produced the first two radio series of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.  He is one of the people credited with creating the panel game Mornington Crescent for I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue. In December 2008 he posthumously received an Outstanding Contribution to Comedy Award.
Thessaloniki–Bitola railway
The railway from Thessaloniki to Bitola is a 219 kilometres (136 mi) long railway line, that connects the port city Thessaloniki in Greece with Bitola in the Republic of North Macedonia, via Veroia, Edessa, Amyntaio and Florina. The line was opened in 1894 under the name "Société du Chemin de Fer ottoman Salonique-Monastir", when the area was part of the Ottoman Empire. The section between the international border and Bitola is not used anymore, and as of 2025 passenger services are restricted to the section between Thessaloniki and Florina. ŽRSM Transport also operates a daily service from Žabeni to Bitola and onwards to Skopje. The easternmost section of the line, Platy–Thessaloniki, is part of the important connection towards Athens and Northern Greece.

Amyntaio
Amyntaio (Greek: Αμύνταιο, before 1928: Σόροβιτς – Sorovits; Macedonian: Суровичево, Сорович), is a town and municipality in the Florina regional unit of Macedonia, Greece. The population of Amyntaio proper is 4,348, while that of the entire municipality is 14,169 (2021). The town is named after the ancient king of Macedon, and father of Philip II and grandfather of Alexander the Great, Amyntas III.
Sal Maroni
Salvatore Vincent Maroni is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Batman. The substantial character is portrayed as a powerful mob boss and gangster of Italian descent in Gotham City and an enemy of Batman. Maroni is most famous for disfiguring Harvey Dent, setting the stage for the young district attorney's transformation into the supervillain Two-Face.

In live-action, Maroni has appeared in the film The Dark Knight (2008), portrayed by Eric Roberts, the TV series Gotham (2014), portrayed by David Zayas, and the HBO miniseries The Penguin (2024), portrayed by Clancy Brown.

David Zayas
David Zayas (born August 15, 1962) is a Puerto Rican actor. He is best known for his roles as Angel Batista on the Showtime series Dexter, Dexter: New Blood and Dexter: Resurrection and Enrique Morales on the HBO prison drama series Oz.
Trouble in Mind (Elkie Brooks and Humphrey Lyttelton album)
Trouble in Mind is an album by Elkie Brooks and Humphrey Lyttelton named for the eight-bar blues song "Trouble in Mind". The album was recorded in 2002 at Woody Bay Studios and released on CD by Classic Studio in 2003.

Elkie Brooks
Elkie Brooks (born Elaine Bookbinder; 25 February 1945) is an English rock, blues and jazz singer. She was a vocalist with the bands Dada and Vinegar Joe, and later became a solo artist. She gained her biggest success in the late 1970s and 1980s, releasing 13 UK Top 75 singles, and reached the top ten with "Pearl's a Singer", "Sunshine After the Rain" (both 1977), "Fool (If You Think It's Over) (1981), and "No More the Fool" (1986).  She has been nominated twice for the Brit Awards.

Brooks is a Gold Badge Award of Merit winner from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) (now The Ivors Academy) and is generally referred to as the "British Queen of Blues".
Fibula
The fibula (pl.: fibulae or fibulas) or calf bone is a leg bone on the lateral side of the tibia, to which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the knee joint and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia and forms the lateral part of the ankle joint.

Lateral condyle of tibia
The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia.

It serves as the insertion for the biceps femoris muscle (small slip). Most of the tendon of the biceps femoris inserts on the fibula.
Gunin
Gunin is a 2022 Bangladeshi supernatural romance film directed by Giasuddin Selim. He also wrote the screenplay, based on Hasan Azizul Huq's short story of the same name. The film stars Pori Moni, Sariful Razz, Dilara Zaman, Iresh Zaker, Mostafa Monwar, and Azad Abul Kalam. It was produced and distributed by Chorki and was released on theatre on 11 March 2022.

Pori Moni
Shamsunnahar Smrity (born 24 October 1992), known by her stage name Pori Moni, is a Bangladeshi film actress. She was one of the highest paid actresses in Bangladesh.

Moni began her career as a model and made her acting debut in the film industry with the movie Rana Plaza in 2015. She gained widespread recognition for her performance in the movie Dhumketu in 2016, which was a commercial success. Her most notable films include Swapnajaal (2018), Gunin (2022) and Antor Jala (2017). She has won several awards for her performances, she won the Special Critic Award at 21st Meril-Prothom Alo Awards. In 2020, she was listed in Forbes Asia's "100 Digital Stars".
Kurnik (pirog)
Kurnik (Russian: курник; "chicken pirog"), also known as wedding pirog or tsar pirog, is a dome-shaped savoury Russian pirog (loosely, a pie) usually filled with chicken or turkey, eggs, onions, kasha or rice, and other optional components. Sometimes filled with boiled rooster combs, this pirog originated in Southern Russia, especially in Cossack communities, and was used as a "wedding pirog" in the rest of the country. It is dome-shaped, unlike any other non-sweet pirog. In special cases, it was served to the tsar himself. Even today, this pirog is served on special occasions in most of Russia.

Pirog
Pirog (Russian: пирог, IPA: [pʲɪˈrok] ⓘ; Ukrainian: пиріг, romanized: pyrih, IPA: [pɪˈriɦ] ⓘ, pl. пироги, pyrohy; Belarusian: пірог [pʲiˈrɔx]; Northern Sami: pirog; Latvian: pīrāgs, pl. pīrāgi; Lithuanian: pyragas, pl. pyragai; Finnish: piirakka [ˈpiːrɑkːɑ]; Estonian: pirukas [ˈpiːrukːɑs] Swedish: pirog [pɪˈroːɡ]): Karelian: piirai Karelian pronunciation: [ˈpiːrɑi̯]is a baked case of dough with either sweet or savory filling. The dish is common in Finnish and Eastern European cuisines.

The name is derived from the ancient Proto-Slavic word pir, meaning "banquet" or "festivity". The Russian plural, pirogi (with the stress on the last syllable), should not be confused with pierogi (stress on "ro" in Polish and English) in Polish cuisine, which are dumplings similar to Russian pelmeni or varenyky.
Isle of Man Railway locomotives
The locomotives of the Isle of Man Railway were provided exclusively by Beyer, Peacock & Company of Manchester, England between 1873 and 1926; other locomotives that appear on this list were inherited as part of the take-over of the Manx Northern Railway and Foxdale Railway in 1905, when the railway also purchased two more locomotives from Beyer, Peacock. All the steam locomotives have or had the 2-4-0T wheel arrangement, apart from No. 15 Caledonia (built by Dübs & Co. of Glasgow) which is an 0-6-0T.

In 2024 two modern, small diesel locomotives were acquired secondhand from Bord na Móna in Ireland.

Manx Northern Railway
The Manx Northern Railway (MNR) was the second common carrier railway built in the Isle of Man. It was a steam railway between St John's and Ramsey. It operated as an independent concern only from 1879 to 1905.
Uganda People's Congress
The Uganda People's Congress (UPC; Swahili: Congress ya Watu wa Uganda) is a political party in Uganda.

UPC was founded in 1960 by Milton Obote, who led the country to independence alongside UPC member of parliament A.G. Mehta. Obote later served two presidential terms under the party's banner. Obote was still the party head when he died in October 2005, although he had previously announced his intention to step down.

The party won nine out of 289 elected seats in the 2006 general election. In the presidential election of the same date, UPC candidate Miria Obote, the former first lady, won 0.8 percent of the vote.

On 14 May 2010, the party elected Olara Otunnu, a former United Nations undersecretary-general for children and armed conflict, to lead the party. He replaced Obote's widow Miria.

A. G. Mehta
A. G. Mehta (1 February 1927 – 10 March 1969) was a Ugandan member of parliament, barrister and the eldest son of a prominent Indian industrialist. The Honourable A.G. Mehta was elected as the first Asian-Indian mayor of Uganda's capital Kampala in 1968 and was a close colleague of Uganda's first prime minister Milton Obote; with whom he jointly fought for the country's independence at the Uganda Constitutional Conference in 1961. He is credited with drafting elements of what would become the first Constitution of Uganda.
Third Stage
Third Stage is the third studio album by the American rock band Boston, released on September 23, 1986, on MCA Records. It is the band's first album on the MCA label, and was recorded at Boston co-founder Tom Scholz's Hideaway Studio over a long, strained, six-year period "between floods and power failures". Considered a comeback album for the band, Scholz, and lead singer Brad Delp, the lyrics invoke themes of maturity, aging, and working through stages in life. Third Stage topped the Billboard 200 albums chart upon release, and its lead single, "Amanda", became a number-one hit on various Top 40 charts and the Billboard Hot 100. The album is certified 4× Platinum in the United States and 3× Platinum in Canada by the RIAA.

Brad Delp
Bradley Edward Delp (June 12, 1951 – March 9, 2007) was an American singer and musician who was the original lead vocalist and frontman of the American rock band Boston. A Massachusetts native, Delp began collaborating with leader Tom Scholz in 1970, and was the band's longtime lead singer across various stints from 1975 until his suicide in 2007. Delp is best known for his lead vocals on the albums Boston (1976), Don't Look Back (1978) and Third Stage (1986). He performed in every Boston concert tour prior to his death. Delp was known for his "unique and soulful singing and the vocal range of his 'golden' voice". ILoveClassicRock.com described Delp's tenor voice as "flawless" and "effortless", and ranked Delp third on its list of the 
Top 10 male classic rock vocalists.
Skúvoy
Skúvoy (Faroese pronunciation: [ˈskʉuːwɪ]) or Skúgvoy (Faroese pronunciation: [ˈskɪkvɪ]; Danish: Skuø) is an island in the central Faroe Islands, located to the south of Sandoy.

It is named after the large number of great skua present on the island (who have a habit of attacking intruders). There is only one settlement on the island: Skúvoy on the east coast. There are two mountains: Knúkur (392 m) and Heyggjurin Mikli (391 m).

Sandoy
Sandoy ("Sand Island") is the first of the five southern islands that make up the Faroe chain, the fifth biggest of all the Faroe Islands, an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Denmark. It also refers to the region that includes this island along with Skúvoy and Stóra Dímun. As of January 2020, the largest population centre on the island is the village of Sandur with a population of 532. Other settlements include Skarvanes, Skopun, Skálavík, Húsavík and Dalur.

Sandoy gets its name from the large beach at Sandur, and the general sandy soil of the island. It is the only island with dunes.

There are similarly named islands, Sanday in the Orkney Islands, Sanday in the Inner Hebrides and Sandøy in Norway.

The Sandoyartunnilin connects between the centre of the island and Gamlarætt on Streymoy. Construction started in 2019 and the tunnel opened for traffic on 21 December 2023.
Pennsylvania Route 780
Pennsylvania Route 780 (PA 780) is an 8.49-mile-long (13.66 km) state highway located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at PA 56/PA 366 in New Kensington.  The eastern terminus is at PA 380 in Washington Township.

Unusually, PA 780 was used for two separate state highways for more than three decades, with a different route of the same number existing in Clinton County. That route was decommissioned in 1967.

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Westmoreland County is a county in the state of Pennsylvania, United States, in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census the population was 354,663. The county seat is Greensburg and the most populous community is Hempfield Township. It is named after Westmorland, a historic county of England. The county is part of the Southwest Pennsylvania region of the state.
Emmer-Compascuum
Emmer-Compascuum is a village in the Netherlands and is part of the Emmen municipality in Drenthe.

Emmer-Compascuum is located in the Bourtange moor between Germany and the Netherlands. It was originally a compascuum (common pasture). In 1879, Emmer-Compascuum was established. Emmer-Compascuum is often referred as Emmer-Compas by locals.

Compascuus
Compascuus is Latin for commonly grazed, and hence often used in the forms ager compascuus (common pasture land) and compascuum (the common pasture). In the early Roman Republic, there were three kinds of land: private, public and common pasture. The lex agraria of 111 BC, which formalized the existing situation after the land reforms, set limits on how many cattle an individual could graze on ager compascuus without having to pay dues.
Death threat
A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, by one person or a group of people to kill another person or group of people. These threats are often designed to intimidate victims in order to manipulate their behaviour, in which case a death threat could be a form of coercion. For example, a death threat could be used to dissuade a public figure from pursuing a criminal investigation or an advocacy campaign.

Threat
A threat is a communication of intent to inflict harm or loss on another person. Intimidation is a tactic used between conflicting parties to make the other timid or psychologically insecure for coercion or control. The act of intimidation for coercion is considered a threat.

Threatening or threatening behavior (or criminal threatening behavior) is the crime of intentionally or knowingly putting another person in fear of bodily injury.

In business negotiation, threats include the prospects that one party will walk away from the negotiation, file a lawsuit, or damage the other party's reputation.

Some of the more common types of threats forbidden by law are those made with an intent to obtain a monetary advantage or to compel a person to act against their will. In most U.S. states, it is an offense to threaten to (1) use a deadly weapon on another person; (2) injure another's person or property; or (3) injure another's reputation.
Jiang Jin
Jiang Jin (Chinese: 江津; pinyin: Jiāng Jīn; born October 17, 1968, in Tianjin) is a former Chinese international football goalkeeper.

He was the first-choice goalkeeper for China during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Along with his older brother Jiang Hong he also became a goalkeeper and started his career playing for Bayi Football Team before moving to Tianjin Teda, Shanghai International and Shanghai Stars. After a short stint as an assistant coach for Shanghai Stars he moved away from football. On October 17, 2010, he was detained by the police for his involvement in fixing a league game against Tianjin Teda F.C. on November 30, 2003. Subsequently he was sentenced to five and a half years imprisonment on June 13, 2012.

Jiang Hong
Jiang Hong (Chinese: 江洪; pinyin: Jiāng Hóng; born 19 June 1967) is a Chinese former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

Starting his playing career with Bayi Football Team, before moving to Shenzhen Feiyada. He was eventually called up to the Chinese national side, where for a short period he competed with his brother Jiang Jin for the goalkeeping position. He also played for Qingdao Yizhong Hainiu and Shaanxi Guoli before he retired.
Larry Mahan
Larry Mahan (/ˈmeɪhæn/; November 21, 1943 – May 7, 2023) was an American professional rodeo cowboy. He won six all-around world championships and two bull riding world championships in the Rodeo Cowboys Association circuit at the National Finals Rodeo.

Mahan was the subject of the documentary The Great American Cowboy, which won the 1974 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film. The ProRodeo Hall of Fame inducted him in 1979 in the all-around category. It also inducted him as a Legend of ProRodeo in 2010.

Professional Bull Riders: Heroes and Legends
The Professional Bull Riders Heroes and Legends celebration honors five divisions in the Professional Bull Riders (PBR) and Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association (PRCA), including the best bucking bulls.
Ira Ishida
Ira Ishida (石田 衣良, Ishida Ira; born March 8, 1960) is a Japanese novelist and TV commentator.

After graduating from Seikei University, he worked for a number of different advertising production companies and as a freelance copywriter.
In 1997, he published his first short story collection, Ikebukuro West Gate Park, which won the 36th All Yomimono New Mystery Writer's Prize. In 2003, he won the Naoki Prize for 4teen.

His novels describe the culture of young people in Japan, particularly young women and otaku without a college education. Many of his works have been adapted for manga and television. As an actor, he made his first appearance in a leading role in the 2006 film Love My Life.

Ishida's pen name, Ishida Ira, was derived by splitting his real family name Ishidaira.

Ikebukuro West Gate Park
Ikebukuro West Gate Park (池袋ウエストゲートパーク), usually referred to by its initials IWGP, is a series of urban mystery novels by Ira Ishida. It was adapted into a drama television series directed by Yukihiko Tsutsumi. The television drama then got a manga adaptation. An anime television series adaptation of the original novel by Doga Kobo aired from October to December 2020.
Hieronymus Francken II
Hieronymus Francken the Younger or Hieronymus II (Antwerp, 1578 – Antwerp, 1623) was a Flemish painter and one of the most prominent members of the large Francken family of artists.  Along with his brother Frans Francken II he played an important role in the development of new genres in Flemish art in the early 17th century.  He was a prolific artist with a wide range who painted religious scenes, allegorical subjects, portraits, fruit pieces, genre scenes, architectural paintings and art galleries.

Francken family
The Francken family was a family of artists the members of which were mainly active in Antwerp in the 16th and 17th centuries.  Many of the members over three generations had the same first names Frans, Hieronymus and Ambrosius.  While this may at the time have been effective as a marketing method by ensuring continuity of the family business, today's legacy is some confusion in the attribution of paintings, which often do not differ widely in style or execution between the various family members.  The confusion is exacerbated by the signing practices of some family members: when Frans I's son Frans II reached his majority and began to sign paintings, Frans I started to add "the elder" to his signature to distinguish himself from his son, who then signed his works as "the younger". This happened again in the next generation when Frans II's son Frans III reached his majority. Frans II then started to sign his works with the elder, while Frans III used Frans the younger.
Utqiagvik, Alaska
Utqiaġvik, formerly known and still sometimes referred to as Barrow, is the borough seat and largest city of the North Slope Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located north of the Arctic Circle, it is one of the northernmost cities and towns in the world and the northernmost in the United States, with nearby Point Barrow as the country's northernmost point.

Utqiaġvik's population was 4,927 at the 2020 census, an increase from 4,212 in 2010. It is the 12th-most populated city in Alaska.

Iñupiat
The Inupiat (singular: Iñupiaq), also known as Alaskan Inuit, are a group of Alaska Natives whose traditional territory roughly spans northeast from Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the northernmost part of the Canada–United States border. Their current communities include 34 villages across Iñupiat Nunaat (Iñupiaq lands), including seven Alaskan villages in the North Slope Borough, affiliated with the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation; eleven villages in Northwest Arctic Borough; and sixteen villages affiliated with the Bering Straits Regional Corporation. They often claim to be the first people of the Kauwerak.