hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Umara ibn Wathima
Abū Rifāʿa ʿUmāra ibn Wathīma ibn Mūsā ibn al-Furāt al-Fārisī d. AH 289 (901/902) was a Muslim historian from Egypt. Born in Fusṭāṭ, he was a son of the historian and silk trader Wathīma ibn Mūsā, a native of Fasā in Persia. The year of his birth is unknown, but his father died in 851.

Wathima ibn Musa
Wathīma ibn Mūsā (died 9 December 851), nicknamed al-Washshāʾ ('trader in embroideries'), was a Persian Muslim historian and silk trader.

Born in the city of Fasā, Wathīma moved first to Baṣra, then to Egypt and to al-Andalus before returning to Egypt, where he settled in the city of Fusṭāṭ. He studied ḥadīth (traditions) and, according to Ibn al-Faraḍī, this was the purpose of his travels to the West. He wrote a Kitāb fī Akhbār al-ridda, an Arabic account of the great apostasy of 632. It is a lost work, although at least 110 passages from it are quoted by other authors, including Ibn Khallikān, Ibn Shākir al-Kutubī, Yāqūt al-Rūmī and Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī. It was praised for its literary quality and its breadth by Ibn al-ʿImād.

Wathīma died in Fusṭāṭ. He had a son, ʿUmāra ibn Wathīma, who was born in Fusṭāṭ. The Kitāb badʾ al-khalq wa-qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, a collection of legends of the prophets, is attributed to ʿUmāra, but is more probably the work of Wathīma.
Seiriol
Seiriol (/ˈsaɪriɒl/, Welsh pronunciation: [ˈsɛirjɔl]) was an early 6th-century saint, who created a cell at Penmon Priory on Anglesey, off the coast of north Wales. He later moved to Ynys Seiriol (Puffin Island).

Puffin Island (Anglesey)
Puffin Island (Welsh: Ynys Seiriol) is an uninhabited island off the eastern tip of Anglesey, Wales. It was formerly known as Priestholm in English (and Ynys Lannog/Glannog in Welsh). A hermitage was established here around the 6th century, and there are remains of a 12th-century monastery on the island. The island is also a Special Protection Area for wildlife.
This Is England '90
This Is England '90 is a 2015 British television miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films. It is the fourth and final instalment of the This is England series, serving as a follow-up to This Is England '86 and This Is England '88. It again stars Vicky McClure, Joseph Gilgun, Thomas Turgoose, and Stephen Graham.

This is England '90 was originally scheduled to release in 2012, but production was put on hold in order for Meadows to complete his documentary about reunited Manchester rock band The Stone Roses. Meadows returned to writing the script shortly thereafter, later stating that it was likely to be the final installment of the This is England series.  In October 2014, Channel 4 confirmed that filming had commenced in Sheffield.

This is England '90 premiered on 13 September 2015 and was a critical and commercial success, winning several awards.

This Is England '88
This Is England '88 is a 2011 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne as a spin-off from the 2006 film This Is England. It is also a sequel to the 2010 television sequel-series This Is England '86, set two and a half years later and starring as previously Thomas Turgoose as Shaun, Vicky McClure as Lol and Joe Gilgun as Woody.
Prophalangopsis
Prophalangopsis is a South Asian insect genus, in the family Prophalangopsidae, distantly related to crickets and other Ensifera, erected by Francis Walker in 1869. There is one species: Prophalangopsis obscura, which is a winged insect species found in North India and the Tibetan Plateau. It is one of only a few surviving species in the family Prophalangopsidae.  F. Walker described it in 1869 from a single male specimen from India. Liu et al collected two possible female specimens in 2009.

Prophalangopsidae
The family Prophalangopsidae are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera. They are the only extant members of the superfamily Hagloidea. There is only one extant genus in North America, where they are known as grigs, four genera in Asia, and many extinct genera (see below).

The earliest fossils of the family date to the Early Jurassic around 200 million years ago, and the family exhibited great diversity between the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, with their fossil record after that time being sparse.

The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the Permian.

The female of the species consumes the wings of the male during mating.

Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family, but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.
827 Wolfiana
827 Wolfiana, provisional designation 1916 ZW, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered at Vienna Observatory on 29 August 1916, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa, who named it after German astronomer Max Wolf. The assumed stony asteroid has a rotation period of 4.0654 hours.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Exeter St Davids railway station
Exeter St Davids railway station is the primary intercity and second-busiest railway station in Exeter, and consequentially the second-busiest in Devon.

It is 193 miles 72 chains (193.90 mi; 312.1 km) from the zero point at London Paddington, from where trains travel through Exeter to Plymouth and Penzance. The station is also served by trains from London Waterloo via Salisbury and long distance services to Bristol Temple Meads, Birmingham New Street, Edinburgh Waverley and other places in the North. Local services operate on the Avocet Line to Exmouth, the Riviera Line to Paignton, the Tarka Line to Barnstaple and Dartmoor Line to Okehampton.

It is managed by Great Western Railway and served by trains operated by them, South Western Railway and CrossCountry.

Riviera Line
The Riviera Line is the railway between the city of Exeter, towns Dawlish and Teignmouth, and the English Riviera resorts of Torbay in Devon, England. Its tracks are shared with the Exeter to Plymouth Line along the South Devon sea wall. It is part of the Network Rail Route 12 (Reading to Penzance).
Mi Vida Loca (professional wrestling)
Mi Vida Loca (ミ・ヴィダ・ロカ, Mi Bida Roka) is a professional wrestling stable mainly performing in the Japanese professional wrestling promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom. Led by Suzu Suzuki, the stable also consists of Rina Yamashita, Itsuki Aoki, Akira Kurogane and Bozilla.

Rina Yamashita
Rina Yamashita (山下リナ, Yamashita Rina)  is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for her time in Pro Wrestling Wave. She is also seen in World Wonder Ring Stardom, where she is a part of Mi Vida Loca. She is also the current ChocoPro Super Asia Champion in her first reign.
Ernest Higgins
Ernest Henry Higgins (19 October 1871 – 28 November 1945) was an Australian cinematographer during the days of silent film. He was the eldest brother of Arthur and Tasman Higgins. He shot the film The Throwback (1920) for director Arthur Shirley which resulted in Shirley unsuccessfully suing Higgins for breach of contract.

The Throwback (unfinished film)
The Throwback was a proposed Australian feature film shot in 1920 from director Arthur Shirley. It was also known as The Comeback. Although the movie was not completed, eleven minutes of footage from it survive today.
Beyond the Law (1968 Italian film)
Beyond the Law (Italian: Al di là della legge) is a 1968 Spaghetti Western film directed by Giorgio Stegani and starring Lee Van Cleef, Antonio Sabàto Sr. and Gordon Mitchell. It was first distributed in the United States in 1971.

Gordon Mitchell
Gordon Mitchell (born Charles Allen Pendleton; July 29, 1923 – September 20, 2003) was an American actor and bodybuilder, known for his starring roles in Italian sword-and-sandal and Spaghetti Western films.
1950 British Grand Prix
The 1950 British Grand Prix, formally known as The Royal Automobile Club Grand Prix d'Europe Incorporating The British Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1950 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, England. It was the first World Championship Formula One race, as well as the fifth British Grand Prix, and the third to be held at Silverstone after motor racing resumed after World War II. It was the first race of seven in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers.

The 70-lap race was won by Nino Farina for the Alfa Romeo team, after starting from pole position, with a race time of 2:13:23.6 and an average speed of 146.378 km/h (90.955 mph). Luigi Fagioli finished second in another Alfa Romeo, and Reg Parnell third in a third Alfa Romeo.

The race followed the non-championship Pau Grand Prix and San Remo Grand Prix (both won by Juan Manuel Fangio), the Richmond Trophy (won by Reg Parnell), and the Paris Grand Prix (won by Georges Grignard).

Reg Parnell
Reginald Parnell (2 July 1911 – 7 January 1964) was a racing driver and team manager from Derby, England. He participated in seven Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, achieving one podium, and scoring a total of nine championship points.

Parnell, as both a driver and a team manager, had a considerable influence on post-war British motorsport until his premature death in 1964. Parnell raced at Brooklands and was banned following an accident with Kay Petre which ended her racing career. Before the war he bought up racing cars. Once the hostilities had ceased he sold them to form the basis of post-war racing entries. He later raced a whole host of cars before turning to management and taking Aston Martin into Formula 1. Parnell went on to run the Yeoman Credit Racing team with the help of his son Tim who later raced in Formula 1 himself.
Unreal (1998 video game)
Unreal is a 1998 first-person shooter game developed by Epic MegaGames and Digital Extremes and published by GT Interactive for Microsoft Windows. It is the first entry in the Unreal game series. It was powered by Unreal Engine, an original game engine. The game reached sales of 1.5 million units by 2002.

Since the release of Unreal, the franchise has had many entries including one sequel and a second series with multiple commercially successful and award winning games based on the Unreal universe referred to as the Unreal Tournament series. One official bonus pack, the Epic-released Fusion Map Pack, can be downloaded free of charge. Unreal Mission Pack I: Return to Na Pali, developed by Legend Entertainment, was released in June 1999, and added 17 new missions to the single-player campaign of Unreal. Unreal and Return to Na Pali would later be bundled together with the updated version of the game's engine from Unreal Tournament and released as Unreal Gold.

Digital Extremes
Digital Extremes Ltd. is a Canadian video game developer founded in 1993 by James Schmalz. They are best known for creating Warframe and Soulframe, two free-to-play cooperative online action games developed in tandem; and co-creating Epic Games' Unreal series of games. Digital Extremes is headquartered in London, Ontario. In 2014, 61% of the company was sold to Chinese holding company Multi Dynamic, now Leyou, for $73 million. In May 2016 Leyou exercised a call option and increased their stake to 97% of Digital Extremes for a total consideration of $138.2 million US. In December 2020, Tencent bought Leyou for 1.3 billion dollars, which included the majority stake in Digital Extremes that Leyou held.
Oregon Route 126
Oregon OR 126 (OR 126) is a 204.63-mile-long (329.32 km) state highway that connects coastal, western, and central parts of the U.S. state of Oregon. A short freeway section of OR 126 in Eugene and Springfield is concurrent with Interstate 105 (I-105).

Oregon Route 36
Oregon Route 36 is an Oregon state highway that runs between the city of Mapleton in the Oregon Coast Range, and the city of Junction City in the Willamette Valley.  OR 36 traverses the Mapleton–Junction City Highway No. 229 of the Oregon state highway system.  The entire route of the highway is located within Lane County.
Simana Periye
Simana Periye (Bengali: সীমানা পেরিয়ে) is a 1977 Bangladeshi film directed by Alamgir Kabir, and starring Jayshree Kabir, Bulbul Ahmed and Bollywood actress Tanuja alongside a few others. Ahmed garnered Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film.

Bulbul Ahmed
Bulbul Ahmed (born Tabarruk Ahmed; 4 September 1940 – 15 July 2010) was a Bangladeshi actor and director. He received the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actor three times, for his roles in the films Shimana Periye (1977), Badhu Biday (1978), and Shesh Uttar (1980). He also produced the film Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), which won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film.
Shilo (Israeli settlement)
Shilo (Hebrew: שִׁלֹה / שילה Šîlô) is an  Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank. Located 28 miles (45 km) north of Jerusalem on Route 60 and organised as a religious community settlement, it is neighboured by the Israeli settlements of Eli and Maale Levona and the Palestinian villages Sinjil, Turmus Ayya and Qaryut, and falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Binyamin Regional Council.

In 2023 it had a population of 5,737 (the official census includes the population of Shvut Rachel and additional unincorporated communities to its east).

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Qaryut
Qaryout (Arabic: قريوت) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the northern West Bank, located 28 kilometers (17 mi) southeast of Nablus.

According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Qaryut had a population of 2,560 inhabitants in 2017.
Bostall Heath and Woods
Bostall Heath and Woods is an area of 159.1 hectares of woodland with areas of heathland located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich ward of Abbey Wood, west of the adjacent 73-hectare Lesnes Abbey Woods in southeast London. The area to the south of the A206 (Bostall Hill) is Bostall Woods; to the north is Bostall Heath.

Lesnes Abbey Woods
Lesnes Abbey Woods, sometimes called Abbey Wood, is a 73-hectare ancient woodland in southeast London, England. It is located near to, and named after, the ruined Lesnes Abbey in the London Borough of Bexley and gives its name to the Abbey Wood district. The woods are adjacent to the 159-ha Bostall Woods.

Lesnes Abbey Woods is a Local Nature Reserve and includes the Abbey Wood geological Site of Special Scientific Interest, an important site for early Tertiary fossils.
Silver Bullet (film)
Silver Bullet is a 1985 American horror film based on the 1983 Stephen King novella Cycle of the Werewolf. It stars Gary Busey, Everett McGill, and Corey Haim, with Megan Follows, Terry O'Quinn, Lawrence Tierney, Bill Smitrovich, Kent Broadhurst, David Hart, and James Gammon in supporting roles. The film is directed by Dan Attias, written by King and produced by Martha De Laurentiis.

Megan Follows
Megan Elizabeth Laura Diana Follows (/ˈmiːɡən/ MEE-gən; born March 14, 1968) is a Canadian actress and director. She is known for her role as Anne Shirley in the 1985 Canadian television miniseries Anne of Green Gables and its two sequels. From 2013 to 2017, she starred as Catherine de' Medici, Queen of France, in the television drama series Reign.
Expectation–maximization algorithm
In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which creates a function for the expectation of the log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and a maximization (M) step, which computes parameters maximizing the expected log-likelihood found on the E step. These parameter-estimates are then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step. It can be used, for example, to estimate a mixture of gaussians, or to solve the multiple linear regression problem.

MM algorithm
The MM algorithm is an iterative optimization method which exploits the convexity of a function in order to find its maxima or minima. The MM stands for “Majorize-Minimization” or “Minorize-Maximization”, depending on whether the desired optimization is a minimization or a maximization. Despite the name, MM itself is not an algorithm, but a description of how to construct an optimization algorithm.

The expectation–maximization algorithm can be treated as a special case of the MM algorithm.
However, in the EM algorithm conditional expectations are usually involved, while in the MM algorithm convexity and inequalities are the main focus, and it is easier to understand and apply in most cases.
The Dark Wave
The Dark Wave is a 1956 American short documentary film directed by Jean Negulesco about a young girl with severe epilepsy. The short stars Charles Bickford and features Nancy Davis, the actress who would later become First Lady of the United States Nancy Reagan. It was made in cooperation with the Variety Club Foundation to Combat Epilepsy (a predecessor of the Epilepsy Foundation), who received the profits.

The Dark Wave was nominated for two Academy Awards, one for Best Documentary Short and the other for Best Two-Reel Short.

Charles Bickford
Charles Ambrose Bickford (January 1, 1891 – November 9, 1967) was an American actor known for supporting roles. He was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for The Song of Bernadette (1943), The Farmer's Daughter (1947) and Johnny Belinda (1948). His other roles include Whirlpool (1950), A Star Is Born (1954) and The Big Country (1958).
Therica Wilson-Read
Therica Alice Wilson-Read (born August 12, 1993) is an English actress. She is most notable for her roles as Sabrina Glevissig in the Netflix television series The Witcher (2019–2024), and as Polly in the film Stopmotion (2023). Other credits include Young Wallander (2020), Coyote (2023) and Back to Black (2024).

Stopmotion (film)
Stopmotion is a 2023 British live-action/adult animated psychological horror-thriller film directed by Robert Morgan in his feature-length debut, from a screenplay he wrote with Robin King.

The film stars Aisling Franciosi as a stop motion animator who becomes increasingly obsessed with a film she is working on. Stopmotion was released on 23 February 2024 to critical acclaim.
Carbonyl fluoride
Carbonyl fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula COF2. It is a carbon oxohalide. This gas, like its analog phosgene, is colourless and highly toxic. The molecule is planar with C2v symmetry, bond lengths of 1.174 Å (C=O) and 1.312 Å (C–F), and an F–C–F bond angle of 108.0°.

Phosgene
Phosgene is an organic chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is a toxic, colorless gas; in low concentrations, its musty odor resembles that of freshly cut hay or grass. It can be thought of chemically as the double acyl chloride analog of carbonic acid, or structurally as formaldehyde with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorine atoms. In 2013, about 75–80 % of global phosgene was consumed for isocyanates, 18% for polycarbonates and about 5% for other fine chemicals.

Phosgene is extremely poisonous and was used as a chemical weapon during World War I, where it was responsible for 85,000 deaths. It is a highly potent pulmonary irritant and quickly filled enemy trenches due to it being a heavy gas.

It is classified as a Schedule 3 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to its industrial production, small amounts occur from the breakdown and the combustion of organochlorine compounds, such as chloroform.
Triethylborane
Triethylborane (TEB), also called triethylboron, is an organoborane (a compound with a B–C bond). It is a colorless pyrophoric liquid. Its chemical formula is (CH3CH2)3B or (C2H5)3B, abbreviated Et3B. It is soluble in organic solvents tetrahydrofuran and hexane.

Triethylaluminium
Triethylaluminium is one of the simplest examples of an organoaluminium compound. Despite its name, the compound has the formula Al2(C2H5)6 (abbreviated as Al2Et6 or TEA). This colorless liquid is pyrophoric. It is an industrially important compound, closely related to trimethylaluminium.
Mikky Ekko
John Stephen Sudduth, known professionally as Mikky Ekko, is an American singer and songwriter from Nashville. He co-wrote and was featured on Rihanna's 2013 single "Stay", which charted in multiple countries, becoming his first-charting material. Ekko released his debut studio album, Time, in 2015 through RCA Records. Fame, his second album, was released in 2018 on Interscope Records.

Time (Mikky Ekko album)
Time is the debut studio album by American recording artist Mikky Ekko. The album was released worldwide on January 16, 2015, by RCA Records, except for the United States where it was released on January 20.
Prince Gustaf (film)
Prince Gustaf (Swedish: Prins Gustaf) is a 1944 Swedish historical film directed by Schamyl Bauman and starring Alf Kjellin, Mai Zetterling and Lennart Bernadotte. The film portrays the life of Prince Gustav, Duke of Uppland, a member of the Nineteenth Century Swedish royal family who composed a number of celebrated songs. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström.

Lennart Bernadotte
Prince Lennart Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (born Prince Lennart of Sweden, Duke of Småland; 8 May 1909 – 21 December 2004) was a Swedish-German landscaper, filmmaker, photographer and was a grandson of King Gustaf V of Sweden. He was also the eldest great-grandchild of King George I of Greece.

He was born at the Royal Palace in Stockholm, to Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland, and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia. At birth Bernadotte was a Swedish prince and was titled Duke of Småland. In 1932, he married Karin Nissvandt, an unequal marriage, and thereafter ceased to be a Swedish dynast. Thus, he was called Mr. Bernadotte as a result. Nineteen years after he lost his Swedish royal titles, he was given titles of nobility in Luxembourg.

He published two memoirs: Käre prins, godnatt (1977) and Mainau min medelpunkt (1995).
Deathlok
Deathlok (also referred to as Deathlok the Demolisher) is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Deathlok, Luther Manning, appeared in Astonishing Tales #25 (Aug. 1974), created by Rich Buckler. At least five subsequent Marvel characters have used the "Deathlok" identity since then: Michael Collins, Jack Truman, Rebecca Ryker, Henry Hayes, and Jemma Simmons. A recurring theme among these characters is that a dead human has been reanimated with cybernetic technology. "Deathlok technology" has also been used thematically by Marvel writers in other stories.

The character has also appeared on television in animation and live action, with J. August Richards and Bill Paxton respectively portraying the original variations Mike Peterson and John Garrett in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Rich Buckler
Rich Buckler (February 6, 1949 – May 19, 2017) was an American comics artist and penciller, best known for his work on Marvel Comics' Fantastic Four in the mid-1970s and for creating the character Deathlok in Astonishing Tales #25. Buckler drew virtually every major character at Marvel and DC, often as a cover artist.