hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Claude Nunney
Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney VC, DCM, MM (24 December 1892 – 18 September 1918) was a Canadian soldier. Nunney was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Born in Hastings in East Sussex, he was sent to Canada as a home child.

Nunney was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Henry Metcalf, Cyrus Wesley Peck, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.

Cyrus Wesley Peck
Cyrus Wesley Peck VC, DSO & Bar (26 April 1871 – 27 September 1956) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Peck was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day, 2 September 1918, for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras, France. The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson, Arthur George Knight, William Metcalf, Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney, Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young.
Googolplex
A googolplex is the large number 1010100, that is, 10 raised to the power of a googol. If written out in ordinary decimal notation, it would be 1 followed by a googol (10100) zeroes – a physically impossible number to write explicitly.

Large numbers
Large numbers are numbers far larger than those encountered in everyday life, such as simple counting or financial transactions. These quantities appear prominently in mathematics, cosmology, cryptography, and statistical mechanics.  Googology studies the naming conventions and properties of these immense numbers.

Since the customary decimal format of large numbers can be lengthy, other systems have been devised that allows for shorter representation. For example, a billion is represented as 13 characters (1,000,000,000) in decimal format, but is only 3 characters (109) when expressed in exponential format. A trillion is 17 characters in decimal, but only four (1012) in exponential. Values that vary dramatically can be represented and compared graphically via logarithmic scale.
Skogskyrkogården metro station
Skogskyrkogården metro station is on the green line of the Stockholm metro, located in Gamla Enskede, Söderort, very close to the cemetery Skogskyrkogården (the Woodland Cemetery). The station was opened on 1 October 1950 as part of the inaugural stretch of Stockholm metro between Slussen and Hökarängen. The distance to Slussen is 5 km (3.1 mi).

Skogskyrkogården
Skogskyrkogården ([ˈskûːɡsɕʏrkʊˌɡoːɖɛn]; Swedish for 'The Woodland Cemetery') is a cemetery located in the Gamla Enskede district south of central Stockholm, Sweden. It was inaugurated in 1920 and was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. Its design, by Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz, reflects the development of architecture from Nordic Classicism to mature functionalism.
Murphy's Haystacks
Murphy's Haystacks are inselberg rock formations located at Mortana, between Streaky Bay and Port Kenny on the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia.

They are of a tumulus form of weathered granite outcrop. They are made of a pink, massive, coarsely equigranular rock consisting mostly of quartz and orthoclase. Their appearance may be due to a combination of erosion by underground rainwater and then by subsequent weathering after they were exposed. Most of the pillars emerge without a break from the underlying granite. Their structural base may be of orthogonal or vertically-aligned sheet jointing.

They obtained their name because a traveller in a coach saw the formation in the distance. He asked how a farmer could produce so much hay. As the farm was on a property owned by a man called Murphy, the rocks became known as Murphy's Haystacks.

The site is listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.

Mortana, South Australia
Mortana is a rural locality in South Australia, located on the Eyre Peninsula. It is traversed by the Flinders Highway. The boundaries for the locality were established in April 2001 in respect of the long established local name.

Mortana Post Office opened on 2 February 1900 and closed on 31 March 1971. A cricket club once existed there, having been founded in 1912; it also formerly had a school. A railway line to the area was mooted in the 1920s, but did not occur.

The Murphy's Haystacks geological formation is located at Mortana, and forms a local tourist attraction.

The 2016 Australian census which was conducted in August 2016 reports that Mortana had a population of 16 people.

Mortana is located within the federal division of Grey, the state electoral district of Flinders and the local government area of the District Council of Streaky Bay.
Royal Thai Naval Academy
The Royal Thai Naval Academy (Thai: โรงเรียนนายเรือ) (RTNA) was established by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1898. He officially opened the academy on 20 November 1906. Originally located on the royal yacht Maha Chakri and some other boats donated by the king, the academy later moved to Wang Derm Palace in Thonburi (in the compound of the present headquarters of the Royal Thai Navy), then to Sattahip, and finally to its current location in Samut Prakan in 1952. The academy is served by Royal Thai Naval Academy BTS station.

Royal Thai Navy
The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย, RTGS: kong thap ruea thai) is the naval warfare force of Thailand. Established in 1906, it was modernised by the Admiral Prince Abhakara Kiartiwongse (1880–1923) who is known as the father of the Royal Navy. It has a structure that includes the naval fleet, Royal Thai Marine Corps, and Air and Coastal Defence Command. The RTN headquarters is at Sattahip Naval Base.

The navy operates three naval area commands (NAC): Northern Gulf of Thailand (First NAC); Southern Gulf of Thailand (Second NAC); and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) (Third NAC). RTN also has two air wings and one flying unit on its aircraft carrier.
Mississauga West (federal electoral district)
Mississauga West was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1988 to 2003. It was located in the city of Mississauga in the province of Ontario. This riding was created in 1987 from Mississauga North riding.

Mississauga West consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga lying of north of Dundas Street West west of the Credit River, north of the Queen Elizabeth Way, and west of Hurontario Street. It was re-defined in 1996.

The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was re-distributed between Mississauga South, Mississauga—Erindale and Mississauga—Streetsville ridings.

Mississauga—Streetsville (federal electoral district)
Mississauga—Streetsville is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. This riding is centred on the villages of Streetsville and Meadowvale.

Mississauga—Streetsville is one of the most affluent ridings in Ontario, along with Mississauga—Erin Mills and Mississauga—Lakeshore.
A Letter from Death Row (album)
A Letter from Death Row is a soundtrack album by Bret Michaels, the lead singer of the rock band Poison. The album was released August 25, 1998, and is the soundtrack to the movie A Letter from Death Row which Bret Michaels wrote, directed and starred in.
Max T. Barnes worked as an engineer on the project which also featured guest musicians including Poison band members.

C.C. DeVille
Bruce Anthony Johannesson (born  May 14, 1962), known professionally as C.C. DeVille, is an American musician, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Poison. The band has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide, including 15 million in the United States. In 1998, he formed a band called Samantha 7.

DeVille has acted in both reality television and in scripted television drama shows. He starred in The Surreal Life season 6 and in The Surreal Life: Fame Games.
Hearts (suit)
Hearts (♥, ) (French: Cœur, German: Herz) is one of the four playing card suits in a deck of French-suited and German-suited playing cards. However, the symbol is slightly different:  is used in a French deck while  is used in a German deck.

This suit was invented in 15th century Germany and is a survivor from a large pool of experimental suit signs created to replace the Latin suits. The standard German-suited system of leaves, acorns, hearts, and bells appears in the majority of cards from 1460 onwards. There is no evidence for this system prior to this point. The French design was created around 1480 when French suits were invented and was a simplified version of the existing German suit symbol for hearts in a German-suited pack.

In Swiss-suited playing cards, the equivalent suit is Roses, typically with the following suit symbol: .

Leaves (suit)
Leaves () (German: Laub) is one of the four playing card suits in a deck of German-suited playing cards. This suit was invented in 15th century Germany and is a survivor from a large pool of experimental suit signs created to replace the Latin suits. Around 1480, French card makers adapted this sign into Spades in the French pack (known as pikes in France).

As its name suggests, the leaf is represented by a stylized green leaf. The left half is lighter than the right half; it can sometimes be yellow. Veins are visible and there is usually a petiole. There may also be smaller leaves.

The standard German-suited system of leaves, acorns, hearts, and bells appears in the majority of cards from 1460 onwards. There is no evidence for this system prior to this point.
Sissy Spacek (band)
Sissy Spacek is an American noise band founded in 1999 in Los Angeles and currently consisting of official members John Wiese and Charlie Mumma, along with several collaborators both past and present. Since the release of their self-titled debut album in 2001, they have released a considerable catalogue encompassing genres which include harsh noise, noisecore, grindcore, free improvisation and musique concrete. Early releases consisted of collages of previously recorded demos and live performances with heavy use of cut-up editing. Many works have been released or re-released on Wiese's own label, Helicopter.

Past members or collaborators include Corydon Ronnau, Jesse Jackson, Danny McClain, Sara Taylor (Youth Code), Aaron Hemphill (Liars), Kevin Drumm, as well as Merzbow, Smegma, Hijokaidan and The Haters.

The band was ranked fourth in LA Weekly's 2015 article "The 20 Best Punk Bands in L.A. Right Now".

In 2018, the band toured the US and Japan.

John Wiese
John Wiese (born April 18, 1977) is an American noise musician and visual artist based in Los Angeles, California. Wiese has released much of his material on his own Helicopter label.

He graduated from the California Institute of the Arts in 2001 with a BFA in Graphic Design.

Wiese is a member of the group Sissy Spacek.
Bad Endorf
Bad Endorf (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈʔɛndɔʁf]) is a municipality and a village in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria in Germany. The market town is located about 15 km outside of Rosenheim and is in close proximity to Lake Simssee and Chiemsee lake and its larger shore towns, Prien, Gstadt, and Seebruck.

The town is home to a large health spa, as well as the German Federal Police winter sports training center which is famous for "producing" medal winners at the Winter Olympics such as female speed skater Claudia Pechstein.

Bad Endorf has one main bus station and several minor ones located around the town for regional destinations. The town also has a Deutsche Bahn railway station on the Rosenheim–Salzburg line with service to minor towns in the area as well as Rosenheim, Munich, and Salzburg, Austria.

Simssee
Simssee is a lake in the Alpine foothills of Bavaria, Germany. It has an elevation of 470.1 metres and a surface area of 6.5 km2, making it the largest lake in the Rosenheim district. The maximum depth of the lake is 22.5 m. It drains into the river Sims. The retention period of the Simssee is about one and a half years and its catchment area covers 59.51 km2. It is the last remain of Lake Rosenheim, which stretched over the area at the end of the Würm glaciation. The lake is a popular recreational spot for local visitors.

The lake is part of the following municipalities:

Bad Endorf

Stephanskirchen

Riedering

Prutting

Söchtenau
Boys Brigade (band)
Boys Brigade was a Canadian new wave band formed in 1980 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  The band consisted of vocalist and keyboardist Malcolm Burn, guitarist and vocalist Tony Lester, bass guitarist Wayne Lorenz, drummer Billie Brock and percussionists David Porter and Jeff Packer. One critic noted, "What made Boys Brigade stand out was their strong use of percussionists in a standard rock/new wave format."

Malcolm Burn
Malcolm Burn (born October 4, 1960) is a Canadian-born music producer, recording engineer and musician. Emmylou Harris's Red Dirt Girl, produced by Burn, won Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 2001 Grammys.
Fu Hong
Fu Hong (Chinese: 苻洪, 284–350), originally named Pu Hong (Chinese: 蒲洪), courtesy name Guangshi (Chinese: 廣世), was the father of founding emperor of the Former Qin dynasty, Fu Jiàn (Emperor Jingming). In 350, Fu Hong proclaimed himself the Prince of Three Qins (Chinese: 三秦王), receiving a prophecy willed him to become King (Chinese: 艸付應王). In the same year, he was poisoned by his subordinate Ma Qiu, who was then executed by Fu Jiàn, who took over Fu Hong's army. He was posthumously honored as the Emperor Huiwu of (Former) Qin (Chinese: (前)秦惠武帝) with the temple name Taizu (太祖).

Ma Qiu
Ma Qiu (died 350) was a military general of Later Zhao and Former Qin during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Ma Qiu participated in Zhao's campaigns against Former Yan and Former Liang. During the confusion of Shi Hu's death, he sided with Ran Min, helping in his order to exterminate the barbarians. However, he was captured by Fu Jiàn, Pu Hong's son, and executed after his attempted coup which resulted in Pu Hong's death.
Hendrick van Rensselaer
Hendrick van Rensselaer (October 23, 1667 – July 4, 1740) was director of the Eastern patent of the Rensselaerswyck manor. 
The estate was composed of land in Columbia County, New York, and land opposite Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, named Greenbush (later Rensselaer, New York).

Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck
Dirck Wesselse Ten Broeck (December 18, 1638 – November 24, 1717), also known as Dirck Wessels, was a prominent early settler of Albany, New York. He is known as "the progenitor of the Albany family of Ten Broecks."
Lowland streaked tenrec
The lowland streaked tenrec (Hemicentetes semispinosus) is a small tenrec found in Madagascar. It belongs to the family Tenrecidae in the order Afrosoricida, and more specifically to the subfamily of the spiny tenrecs Tenrecinae. Its natural habitats are in tropical lowland rain forests in northern and eastern parts of Madagascar.

It is very closely related to the highland streaked tenrec.

Tenrecinae
Tenrecinae is a tenrec subfamily endemic to the island of Madagascar. It contains the largest species in the family, Tenrec ecaudatus. All members of the genus possess spines, analogous to those of hedgehogs, for defense against predators.

Tenrecinae is thought to have split from the lineages of all other extant tenrecs about 36 million years (Ma) ago. The deepest phylogenetic split within the subfamily, that between two clades composed of Echinops plus Setifer and Hemicentetes plus Tenrec, is thought to have occurred about 26 Ma ago. In turn, Hemicentetes is thought to have diverged from Tenrec about 16 Ma ago, and Echinops from Setifer about 10 Ma ago.
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Cleveland)
The Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is a major Civil War monument in Cleveland, Ohio, honoring the more than 9,000 individuals from Cuyahoga County who served the Union throughout the war. It was dedicated on July 4, 1894, and is located on the southeast quadrant of Public Square in Downtown Cleveland. It was designed by architect and Civil War veteran Levi Scofield, who also created the monument's sculptures. The monument is regularly open to the public, free of charge.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
CAID (technology)
CAID is a surveillance technology developed by the China Advertising Association to circumvent web tracking restrictions set by Apple. CAID was developed by the state-supported, 2,000-member association to identify users when Apple's Identifier for Advertisers ("IDFA") is unavailable.

Besides a free demo, the technology was unimplemented as of March 2021 and Apple was aware but had yet to address the effort. Public release was unannounced but anticipated later in the month.

CAID is believed to be an open framework based on device fingerprinting that uses a common API-based service, initially operated by the China Advertising Association. to coordinate activities by multiple actors. Data that can be used to create the fingerprint includes model, IP address, language and device start-up time.

Companies testing the system reportedly include ByteDance and Tencent. Procter & Gamble is also reported to have played a part in the development of the technology.

Identifier for Advertisers
The Identifier for Advertisers (IDFA) is a unique random device identifier that American information technology company Apple generates and assigns to every device. It is intended to be used by advertisers to deliver personalized ads and attribute ad interactions for ad retargeting. Users can opt-out of IDFA via the "Limit Ad Tracking" (LAT) setting (and an estimated 20% do).

Starting in iOS 14.5, iPadOS 14.5, and tvOS 14.5, users are prompted to decide whether to opt-in or out of IDFA sharing before apps can query it. This choice can be altered in Settings. In May, 2021, Verizon-owned advertisement analytics company Flurry Analytics reported that 96% of US users opted out of IDFA sharing.
Acoustic attenuation
In acoustics, acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation through an acoustic transmission medium. Most media have viscosity and are therefore not ideal media. When sound propagates in such media, there is always thermal consumption of energy caused by viscosity. This effect can be quantified through the Stokes's law of sound attenuation. Sound attenuation may also be a result of heat conductivity in the media as has been shown by G. Kirchhoff in 1868. The Stokes-Kirchhoff attenuation formula takes into account both viscosity and thermal conductivity effects.

For heterogeneous media, besides media viscosity, acoustic scattering is another main reason for removal of acoustic energy. Acoustic attenuation in a lossy medium plays an important role in many scientific researches and engineering fields, such as medical ultrasonography, vibration and noise reduction.

Stokes's law of sound attenuation
In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity.  It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate α given by

where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, ω is the sound's angular frequency, ρ is the fluid density, and V is the speed of sound in the medium.

The law and its derivation were published in 1845 by the Anglo-Irish physicist G. G. Stokes, who also developed Stokes's law for the friction force in fluid motion. A generalisation of Stokes attenuation taking into account the effect of thermal conductivity was proposed by the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1868.

Sound attenuation in fluids is also accompanied by acoustic dispersion, meaning that the different frequencies are propagating at different sound speeds.
Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government
The Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government (Scottish Gaelic: Rùnaire a’ Chaibineit airson Ionmhais agus Riaghaltas Ionadail), commonly referred to as the Finance Secretary, is a member of the Cabinet in the Scottish Government. The Cabinet Secretary has Ministerial responsibility for the Scottish Government's Finance Directorates.

The post has been held by Shona Robison since March 2023, as Cabinet Secretary for Finance until 8 May 2024 when Local Government was added to her brief. Robison was additionally Deputy First Minister of Scotland from March 2023 to May 2024. The Cabinet Secretary is supported by the Minister for Public Finance, since May 2024 Ivan McKee.

Finance Directorates
The Scottish Government Finance Directorates are a group of  civil service Directorates in the Scottish Government created by a December 2010 re-organisation.

The individual directorates within the overarching finance directorates report to the director-general, Alyson Stafford CBE.
Lorenzo Esposito Fornasari
LEF (born Lorenzo Esposito Fornasari; 20 November 1977) is an Italian vocalist, record producer and film score composer. He has worked with Bill Laswell, Lisa Gerrard, Serj Tankian from System of a Down, Elisa, Ben Harper, Hamid Drake, Nils Petter Molvær, Eivind Aarset, Jamie Saft, Pat Mastelotto from King Crimson, Eraldo Bernocchi, Colin Edwin from Porcupine Tree, Markus Stockhausen, Kenneth Kapstad from Motorpsycho, Tony Wakeford, Trevor Dunn, Giovanni Lindo Ferretti, Raiz, Ambrogio Sparagna, Faraualla, Enrico Gabrielli, Sigillum S, Ephel Duath, Gianluca Petrella, Fabrizio Puglisi, Ståle Storlokken and Carmelo Pipitone.

Colin Edwin
Colin Edwin Balch is an Australian musician, specialising in fretted and fretless bass guitar, double bass and guimbri.

Edwin was the bass player in British progressive rock band Porcupine Tree from 1993 to 2011. He is now a member of Ex-Wise Heads, a long-running collaboration with multi instrumentalist Geoff Leigh which mixes ethnic, ambient, and post-modern influences. He is also a member of metal-influenced project Random Noise Generator, and the bands Metallic Taste of Blood and progressive metal act O.R.k., as well as participating in numerous collaborations and releasing solo work.
Myōjō Station
Myōjō Station (明星駅, Myōjō-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the town of Meiwa, Taki District, Mie Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway. The station has the Inspection Center for the Yamada Line, the Toba Line and the Shima Line.

Meiwa, Mie
Meiwa (明和町, Meiwa-chō) is a town located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 August 2021, the town had an estimated population of 23,015 in 9309 households and a population density of 560 persons per km². The total area of the town was 40.92 square kilometres (15.80 sq mi).