hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Historical Society of Frankford
The Historical Society of Frankford is a historical society and museum located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A 501(c)(3) organization, it is located in the Frankford neighborhood of Northeast Philadelphia. It was a founding member of the Pennsylvania Federation of Historical Societies.

The society was organized in 1905, and chartered in 1920, for the purpose of promoting historical study, especially the social history and traditions of Frankford and vicinity. Purchases are made with the general society fund; outright gifts only are acceptable. The society is housed in a 2+1⁄2-story, fireproof, stone, brick, and steel building, constructed in 1930. Space of manuscripts is adequate.

It has EIN 23-6296560 as a 501(c)(3) Public Charity; in 2013 it claimed total assets of $273,586.

Frankford, Philadelphia
Frankford is a neighborhood in the Northeast section of Philadelphia situated about six miles (10 km) northeast of Center City. Although its borders are vaguely defined, the neighborhood is bounded roughly by the original course of Frankford Creek on the south to Castor Ave and Roosevelt boulevard on the northwest and southwest, to Cheltenham Avenue on the north, and to Aramingo Avenue and I-95 on the east. Adjacent neighborhoods are Bridesburg, Juniata, Northwood, Summerdale, and Wissinoming.

Historically, Frankford had an unofficial division separating Frankford (proper) from East Frankford, which encompassed the area east of Frankford Avenue. The division divided the community first along racial lines, with African Americans to the east of Frankford Avenue and Caucasians to the west.
Korea University (Japan)
Korea University (朝鮮大学校; Korean: 조선대학교) is a university-level miscellaneous school located in Kodaira, Tokyo. It was established by the North Korea-affiliated organization Chongryon on 10 April 1956. Korean is the medium of instruction.

Kodaira, Tokyo
Kodaira (小平市, Kodaira-shi) is a city located in the western portion of the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 195,207 in 93,654 households, and a population density of 9500 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 20.51 square kilometres (7.92 sq mi).
Fort Reno (Wyoming)
Fort Reno also known as Fort Connor or Old Fort Reno, was a wooden fort established on August 15, 1865 by the United States Army in Dakota Territory in present-day Johnson County, Wyoming. The fort was built to protect travelers on the Bozeman Trail from Native American tribes.

Today, the parade ground and surrounding area has generally returned to a natural prairie sod cover. The site, approximately 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Sussex, Wyoming, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 28, 1970. There is a large stone monument and several interpretive signs marking the site that are accessible by a gravel road.

6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment
The 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was a part of the famed Michigan Brigade, commanded for a time by Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer.
Hartlib Circle
The Hartlib Circle was the correspondence network set up in Western and Central Europe by Samuel Hartlib, an intelligencer based in London, and his associates, in the period 1630 to 1660. Hartlib worked closely with John Dury, an itinerant figure who worked to bring Protestants together.

Theodore Haak
Theodore Haak (1605 in Worms-Neuhausen – 1690 in London) was a German Calvinist scholar, resident in England in later life. Haak's communications abilities and interests in the new science provided the backdrop for convening the "1645 Group", a precursor of the Royal Society.

Although not himself known as a natural philosopher, Haak's engagement with others facilitated the expansion and diffusion of the “new science” throughout Europe.  Haak's language skills were used in translation and interpretation and his personal correspondence with the natural philosophers and theologians of the day, including Marin Mersenne and Johann Amos Comenius; he facilitated introductions and further collaborations.  Beginning in 1645 he worked as a translator on the Dutch Annotations Upon the Whole Bible (1657). Haak began the first German translation of John Milton's Paradise Lost until the beginning of Book IV (not published).
Frank Pallone
Frank Joseph Pallone Jr. (/pəˈloʊn/ pə-LOHN; born October 30, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 6th congressional district since 1988.  He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district, numbered as the 3rd district from 1988 to 1993, is in the north-central part of the state and includes New Brunswick, Woodbridge Township, Perth Amboy, Sayreville, Edison, Piscataway and Asbury Park. Pallone is the ranking member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.

Long Branch, New Jersey
Long Branch is a beachside city in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 31,667, an increase of 948 (+3.1%) from the 2010 census count of 30,719, which in turn reflected a decline of 621 (−2.0%) from the 31,340 counted in the 2000 census. As of the 2020 census, it was the 6th-most-populous municipality in Monmouth County and had the 74th-highest population of any municipality in New Jersey.

Long Branch was formed on April 11, 1867, as the Long Branch Commission, from portions of Ocean Township. Long Branch was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1903, based on the results of a referendum, replacing the Long Branch Commission.
Christmas boobook
The Christmas boobook (Ninox natalis), also known as the Christmas hawk owl, Christmas Island boobook or Christmas Island hawk owl, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae.

Closely related to the hawk-owls of genus Ninox, which occur in Southeast Asia and Australia, N. natalis was first classified at species level by J.J.Lister in 1888. It was not until 1998, however, that DNA testing confirmed its status as a separate species from other owls.

Ninox
Ninox is a genus of true owls comprising 36 species found in Asia and Australasia. Many species are known as hawk-owls or boobooks, but the northern hawk-owl (Surnia ulula) is not a member of this genus.
Competition Bureau
The Competition Bureau (French: Bureau de la concurrence) is the independent law enforcement agency in charge of regulating competition in Canada, responsible for ensuring that markets operate in a competitive manner.

Headed by the Commissioner of Competition, the agency is responsible for the administration and enforcement of the Competition Act, as well as the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act (except as it relates to food), Textile Labelling Act, and the Precious Metals Marking Act.

The Bureau falls within the scope of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, and its minister.

Minister of Industry (Canada)
The minister of industry (French: ministre de l’industrie) is the minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet responsible for Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and several other agencies. The incumbent also serves as the registrar general of Canada

Mélanie Joly has been the minister of industry since May 13, 2025.
Reconnaissance vehicle
A reconnaissance vehicle, also known as a scout vehicle, is a military vehicle used for forward reconnaissance. Both tracked and wheeled reconnaissance vehicles are in service. In some nations, light tanks such as the M551 Sheridan and AMX-13 have also been used by scout platoons.  Their armament ranges from a medium machine gun to a large cannon. Modern examples are often fitted with ATGMs and a wide range of sensors.

Reconnaissance vehicles are designed with several philosophies: scout cars used for passive reconnaissance, with a low profile or small size and are lightly armoured to maximize mobility, relying on speed, stealth and cover to escape detection; armoured reconnaissance used for active reconnaissance, distinct from ordinary scouts in weight and size of weapons and armor, designed not to break away from attacks, but to force their way through towards their objective.

FV107 Scimitar
The FV107 Scimitar is an armoured tracked military reconnaissance vehicle (sometimes classed as a light tank) formerly used by the British Army, until it was retired from active service in April 2023. It was manufactured by Alvis in Coventry. It is very similar to the FV101 Scorpion, but mounts a high-velocity 30 mm L21 RARDEN cannon instead of a low-velocity 76 mm gun. It was issued to Royal Armoured Corps armoured regiments in the reconnaissance role. Each regiment originally had a close reconnaissance squadron of five troops, each containing eight FV107 Scimitars. Each Main Battle Tank Regiment also employed eight Scimitars in the close reconnaissance role.
I Yabba-Dabba Do!
I Yabba-Dabba Do! is a 1993 American animated romantic comedy made-for-television film based on the 1960s animated series, The Flintstones and is a continuation of the series’ spin-off, The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show. It premiered on ABC on February 7, 1993.

Pebbles Flintstone
Pebbles Flintstone is a fictional character in the Flintstones franchise. The red-haired daughter of Fred and Wilma Flintstone, Pebbles was born near the end of the third season. She is most famous in her infant form on The Flintstones, but has also appeared at various other ages, including as a teenager on the early 1970s spin-off The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show and as an adult in three television films. She spent most of her time with Bamm-Bamm Rubble, her childhood best friend whom she eventually marries.
Moustache
A moustache (UK: /məˈstɑːʃ/) or mustache (US: /ˈmʌstæʃ/) is a growth of facial hair grown above the upper lip and under the nose.

Moustaches have been grown in various styles throughout history, see the following detail.

Beard
A beard is the hair that grows on the jaw, chin, upper lip, lower lip, cheeks, and neck of humans and some non-human animals. In humans, beards are most common among pubescent and adult males, though some women also develop them.

Attitudes toward beards have varied across history, shaped by cultural traditions and fashion trends. Several religions require or encourage the wearing of beards, and some societies have associated them with masculinity, virility, virtue, beauty, wisdom, strength, fertility, sexual prowess, and high social status. In contrast, in cultures where beards are uncommon or unfashionable, they may be linked with poor hygiene or eccentricity. Beards can also provide environmental benefits, including protection from cold weather and sun exposure.
Fruitland, Idaho
Fruitland is a city along the Snake and Payette rivers in Payette County, Idaho, United States. It lies along U.S. Route 95 in the Treasure Valley of southwest Idaho, about 50 miles (80 km) west of Boise on the border with Oregon. It is part of the Ontario Micropolitan Area. Fruitland is named after apple orchards that surround the community, and its slogan is "The Big Apple of Idaho."

As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 6,072, up from 4,684 in 2010.

Ontario micropolitan area, Oregon
The Ontario Micropolitan Statistical Area (or Ontario μSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in southeastern Oregon and one in southwestern Idaho, anchored by the city of Ontario.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 52,193 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 53,844).
Pasarel Island
Pasarel Island (Bulgarian: остров Пасарел, romanized: ostrov Pasarel, IPA: [ˈɔstrof pɐsɐˈrɛɫ]) is an ice-free island in the Aitcho group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  The island is situated 900 m (980 yd) northwest of Barrientos Island, 1.35 km (0.84 mi) northeast of Sierra Island and 650 m (710 yd) southeast of Emeline Island.  Extending 450 by 260 m (490 by 280 yd).  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

Named after the settlement of Dolni (Lower) Pasarel in western Bulgaria.

Barrientos Island
Barrientos Island is a small, ice-free island in the Aitcho group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.  Extending 1.71 by 0.54 km (1.063 by 0.336 mi), surface area 65 hectares (160 acres).  The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.  Barrientos Island is a popular tourist site frequented by Antarctic cruise ships.

The feature was named by the Chilean Antarctic Expedition in 1949.
Katla (volcano)
Katla (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkʰahtla] ⓘ) is an active subglacial volcano in southern Iceland. This volcano has been very active historically with at least twenty documented major eruptions since 2920 BC. In its recent history though, Katla has been less active as the last major eruption occurred in 1918. These eruptions have had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of between 4 and 5 on a scale of 0 to 8. In comparison, the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption had a VEI of 4. Larger VEI-5 eruptions are comparable to Mount St. Helens 1980 eruption. These eruptions have produced very large glacial outburst floods. Several smaller (minor) events measuring VEI-1 and below have occurred since.

Katla is one of the largest volcanic sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) on Earth, accounting for up to 4% of total global volcanic carbon dioxide emissions.

Ice cauldron
Ice cauldrons are ice formations within glaciers that cover some subglacial volcanoes. They can have circular to oblong forms. Their surface areas reach from some meters (as indentations or holes in the ice) to up to 1 or more kilometers (as bowl shaped depressions).

Their existence is connected to ice-volcano interaction in two possible ways: They can be formed in the course of a subglacial eruption or on top of a continuously active subglacial high temperature geothermal area.

In both cases, a jökulhlaup may be produced in connection with them.
Sukhumi District
Sukhumi District is one of the districts of Abkhazia, one of Georgia’s two breakaway republics. It corresponds to the eponymous Georgian municipality. Its capital is Sukhumi, the town by the same name, which is also the capital of entire Abkhazia. The population of the district is 11,531 according to the 2011 census. The city of Sukhumi is a separate administrative entity with 62,914 inhabitants.

Districts of Abkhazia
The Districts of Abkhazia are the first-level subdivisions of Abkhazia.

Districts are led by the Head of the Administration, who is simultaneously Mayor of the District's capital, except in the case of Sukhumi. The Head of the Administration is appointed by the President following consultations with the District Assembly. Previously, the Head was appointed from among the District Assembly members, but without consultations, but in practice the President would often appoint an acting Head from without who was subsequently elected to the assembly. The current procedure was adopted by the People's Assembly of Abkhazia on 29 January 2016, over competing proposals to elect the Head directly by the District's population or by Assembly members, and after voting almost unanimously not to change the previous procedure on 30 July 2015.
2013 Masters (darts)
The 2013 PDC Masters (known for sponsorship reasons as the 2013 Coral Masters) was the inaugural staging of the non-ranking darts tournament, The Masters, organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). It was held from 1 to 3 November 2013 at the Royal Highland Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Phil Taylor won the title by beating Adrian Lewis 10–1 in the final.

PDC World Masters
The PDC World Masters, known for sponsorship purposes as the Winmau World Masters and formerly known as simply the Masters, is a professional darts tournament organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). The tournament was introduced in 2013 and has been held at Arena MK in Milton Keynes, England, since 2015. Since the 2025 edition, the tournament has featured the top 24 darts players according to the PDC Order of Merit, plus eight qualifiers from a preliminary round to complete a 32-player field.
Mandalay Resort Group
Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was an American hotel and casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo.  In terms of market capitalization, it was one of the largest casino operators in the world. Its stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol "CIR" and "MBG".

Colorado Belle
The Colorado Belle is a former casino hotel on the banks of the Colorado River in Laughlin, Nevada, owned and operated by Golden Entertainment. Initially closed on March 17, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on May 18, 2020, Golden Entertainment announced that the Colorado Belle would remain closed "indefinitely," even after casinos were allowed to reopen. As of March 2025, the property remains closed.

The Colorado Belle is a fixed building made to look like a six-deck replica of a 19th-century Mississippi River paddle steamer riverboat, with 1,168 rooms in two seven-story towers. The casino had 42,706 sq ft (3,967.5 m2) of gaming space with 750 slot machines, and 16 table games. The hotel had three restaurants: The Loading Dock, Big Easy Deli, and Pints brewery. The resort also included two pools, a fitness room, two gift shops, a koi pond and an arcade.
Olivier Cazal
Olivier Cazal (born 1962 in Toulouse) is a French pianist.

He was awarded 2nd prizes at the 1988 Maria Canals Competition, the 1991 Concorso Busoni (ex-aequo with Igor Kamenz), the 1991 Long-Thibaud Competition, and the 1992 Sydney International Piano Competition.  He won 1st prize at the 1993 Premio de Jaén.

Cazal is internationally active as a concert pianist, and has recorded Francis Poulenc's complete piano works for Naxos Records.

Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition
The Long–Thibaud–Crespin Competition is an international classical music competition for pianists, violinists and singers that has been held in France since 1943.   (A Jacques Thibaud Competition was held the year before in Bordeaux: Jacques Thibaud chaired the jury and the First Prize was awarded to Jacques Dejean.)  It was created by the pianist Marguerite Long and the violinist Jacques Thibaud.  Thibaud died in 1953, Long in 1966.  Until 2011 it included only pianists and violinists and was known as the Marguerite Long–Jacques Thibaud Competition.  That year, in honour of the French soprano Régine Crespin (1927–2007), it was expanded to include singers, and renamed.
Ichthyotringidae
Ichthyotringidae is an extinct family of aulopiform ray-finned fish known from the Early to Late Cretaceous. It is one of the Enchodontoidei, a diverse group of aulopiforms that were dominant marine fish during the Cretaceous.

The following genera are known:

Family †Ichthyotringidae
Genus †Apateodus
Genus †Ichthyotringa

The earliest records of ichthyotringids are indeterminate otoliths from the Barremian Kimigahama Formation of Japan.

Enchodontoidei
The Enchodontoidei are an extinct superorder of aulopiform fish known from the Early Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were among the dominant predatory marine fish groups in the Late Cretaceous, achieving a worldwide distribution. They were an extremely diverse group, with some developing fusiform body plans whereas others evolved elongated body plans with long beaks, superficially similar to eels and needlefish. They could also grow to very large sizes, as seen with Cimolichthys and Stratodus, the latter of which is the largest aulopiform known. Their most famous member is the widespread, abundant, and long-lasting genus Enchodus.

Most enchodontoids went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, although some dercetids survived into the Early Paleocene and Stratodus into the Early Eocene of the Trans-Saharan seaway. Some remains of Enchodus have also been recovered from the Paleocene and Eocene, although this may just represent reworked material.
Schwartz space
In mathematics, Schwartz space  is the function space of all functions whose derivatives of all orders are rapidly decreasing.  This space has the important property that the Fourier transform is an automorphism on this space. This property enables one, by duality, to define the Fourier transform for elements in the dual space  of ⁠⁠, that is, for tempered distributions.  A function in the Schwartz space is sometimes called a Schwartz function.

Schwartz space is named after French mathematician Laurent Schwartz.

Locally convex topological vector space
In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, locally convex topological vector spaces (LCTVS) or locally convex spaces are examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) that generalize normed spaces. They can be defined as topological vector spaces whose topology is generated by translations of balanced, absorbent, convex sets. Alternatively they can be defined as a vector space with a family of seminorms, and a topology can be defined in terms of that family. Although in general such spaces are not necessarily normable, the existence of a convex local base for the zero vector is strong enough for the Hahn–Banach theorem to hold, yielding a sufficiently rich theory of continuous linear functionals.

Fréchet spaces are locally convex topological vector spaces that are completely metrizable (with a choice of complete metric). They are generalizations of Banach spaces, which are complete vector spaces with respect to a metric generated by a norm.
Panzergrenadier
Panzergrenadier (pronunciationⓘ), abbreviated as PzG (WWII) or PzGren (modern), meaning "Armour"-ed fighting vehicle "Grenadier", is the German term for the military doctrine of mechanized infantry units in armoured forces who specialize in fighting from and in conjunction with infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) – that is, armoured troop carriers designed to carry a mechanized squad of six to eight soldiers into, during and out of combat while providing direct fire support for those troops.

The doctrine originated primarily in Nazi Germany during World War II and is today used by name in the countries of Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Sweden.

Puma (German infantry fighting vehicle)
The Schützenpanzer Puma (SPz Puma), meaning “Infantry fighting vehicle Puma”, is a German infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), per the Panzergrenadier-doctrine, designed to replace the aging Marder IFVs currently in service with the German Army. Production of the first batch of 350 vehicles began in 2010 and was completed in August 2021. A second batch of 229 Pumas received funding. Mass production began on 6 July 2009. The companies responsible for this project are KNDS Deutschland and Rheinmetall, which created a joint venture, Projekt System Management GmbH (PSM). The Puma is one of the world's best-protected IFVs, while still having a high power-to-weight ratio.
Yellow-legged gull
The yellow-legged gull or western yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) is a large gull found in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, which has only recently achieved wide recognition as a distinct species. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of either the Caspian gull L. cachinnans, or more broadly as a subspecies of the herring gull L. argentatus.
The genus name is from Latin Larus which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird, and the species name honours the German zoologist Karl Michahelles.

Caspian gull
The Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) is a large gull and a member of the herring and lesser black-backed gull complex. The scientific name is from Latin. Larus appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird, and cachinnans means 'laughing', from cachinnare 'to laugh'.