hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rural Municipality of Benson No. 35
The Rural Municipality of Benson No. 35 (2016 population: 472) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 1 and SARM Division No. 1. It is located in the southeast portion of the province.

Division No. 1, Saskatchewan
Division No. 1 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the southeast corner of the province, bordering Manitoba and North Dakota. The most populous community in this division is Estevan.
Montaldo Bormida
Montaldo Bormida is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Alessandria.

As part of the Marquisate of Montferrat, Montaldo Bormida had a succession of feudal lords: the Della Valle family of Trisobbio, the Ferraris of Orsara, the Centurione, Spinola and Pallavicino families.

Montaldo Bormida borders the following municipalities: Carpeneto, Orsara Bormida, Rivalta Bormida, Sezzadio, and Trisobbio.

The first Seventh-day Adventist Church in Italy was built in Montaldo Bormida in 1925.

Trisobbio
Trisobbio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Alessandria.

Trisobbio borders the following municipalities: Carpeneto, Cremolino, Montaldo Bormida, Morsasco, Orsara Bormida, Ovada, and Rocca Grimalda.
Evans School of Public Policy and Governance
The Evans School of Public Policy and Governance is the public policy school of the University of Washington, a public research university in Seattle, Washington. The school is named after Daniel J. Evans, former governor of Washington and United States Senator.

The Evans School emphasizes policy analysis and management through its undergraduate minor, master's degree programs, doctoral program, and non-degree and certificate programs.

As of 2022, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Evans School as tied for 3rd out of 275 schools of public affairs. The U.S. News & World Report also ranked the Evans School for its expertise in the areas of Environmental Policy and Management (#2), Local Government Management (#18), Nonprofit Management (#5), Public Finance & Budgeting (#8 tie), Public Management & Leadership (#11), Public Policy Analysis (#14), Social Policy (#12), and Urban Policy (#27).

Public policy school
A public policy school or school of public affairs is typically a university program, institution, or professional school of public policy, public administration, political science, international relations, security studies, management, urban planning, urban studies, intelligence studies, global studies, emergency management, public affairs, nonprofit management, criminology, and the sociology of law.

Public policy schools typically train students in two streams. The more practical stream treats the master's degree as a terminal degree, which trains students to work as policy analysts or practitioners in governments, government relations, think tanks, business-to-government marketing/sales, and consulting firms. A more theoretical stream aims to train students who are aiming to go on to complete doctoral studies with the goal of becoming professors of public policy, political science in general, or researchers.
Robbie Lawler
Robert Glenn Lawler (born March 20, 1982) is an American former professional mixed martial artist. A professional fighter from 2001 to 2023, he most notably competed in the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he was the former UFC Welterweight Champion. He formerly competed in the Middleweight division of EliteXC, where he was the longest-reigning EliteXC Middleweight Champion. He also competed in PRIDE FC, Strikeforce, the International Fight League (IFL), KOTC, SuperBrawl, and ICON Sport, where he was their Middleweight Champion.

Nicknamed "Ruthless", he is known for his aggressive fighting style, and was considered a fan favorite. Three of Lawler's title bouts, against Johny Hendricks (at UFC 171, in 2014), Rory MacDonald (at UFC 189, in 2015), and Carlos Condit (at UFC 195, in 2016) earned numerous awards for the Fight of the Year in their respective years.

Melvin Manhoef
Melvin Manhoef (born 11 May 1976) is a Surinamese-born Dutch retired mixed martial artist and kickboxer. In kickboxing, he is a former It's Showtime Middleweight Champion, and in MMA he was the Cage Rage Light Heavyweight Champion. In mixed martial arts, he competed in Bellator's Light heavyweight and Middleweight division and has also formerly competed for Strikeforce, DREAM, RINGS, It's Showtime, K-1, ONE FC, and KSW. Manhoef is known for his fearsome knockout power, 29 of his 32 wins have come via knockout, the highest percentage of any MMA fighter with at least 15 wins.
The Rhythm Boys
The Rhythm Boys were an American male singing trio consisting of Bing Crosby, Harry Barris and Al Rinker. Crosby and Rinker began performing together in 1925 and were recruited by Paul Whiteman in late 1926. Pianist/singer/songwriter Barris joined the team in 1927. They made a number of recordings with the Whiteman Orchestra and released singles in their own right with Barris on piano. They appeared with the Whiteman orchestra in the film King of Jazz (Universal Pictures, 1930), in which they sang "Mississippi Mud", "So the Bluebirds and the Blackbirds Got Together", "A Bench in the Park", and "Happy Feet". They are best remembered for launching Crosby's solo career, one that would make him the greatest song charting act in history and one of the most influential entertainers of the twentieth century.

Al Rinker
Alton Markwood "Al" Rinker (December 20, 1907 – June 11, 1982) was an American musician who began his career as a teen performing with Bing Crosby in the early 1920s in Spokane, Washington. In 1925 the pair moved to Los Angeles, eventually forming the Rhythm Boys trio with Harry Barris.
Fibrinogen c domain containing 1
Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FIBCD1 gene localized on chromosome 9q34.1 in close proximity to the genes encoding L- and M-ficolin. FIBCD1 is thought to have a role in both host defence and gut homeostasis.

Chromosome 9
Chromosome 9 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells.
Usmar Ismail
Usmar Ismail (20 March 1921 – 2 January 1971) was an Indonesian film director, author, journalist and revolutionary of Minangkabau descent. He is widely regarded as the native Indonesian pioneer of the cinema of Indonesia.

Minangkabau people
The Minangkabau (Minangkabau: Bangso Minangkabau, Urang Minangkabau or Urang Awak, lit. 'our people', Jawi script: منڠكبو; Indonesian: Orang Minangkabau; Malay: Orang Minangkabau, Jawi script: أورڠ مينڠکاباو), Minangkabos, or simply Minang, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837).

Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands.
Russian cruiser Diana
Diana (Russian: Диана) was the second of three Pallada-class protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. The cruiser served during the Russo-Japanese War and took part in the Battle of the Yellow Sea on 10 August 1904. Later, she served as part of the Russian Baltic Fleet during World War I.

Pallada-class cruiser
The Pallada-class cruisers (often known in Russia as "Diana-type protected cruisers", Russian: Бронепалубные крейсера типа «Диана») were a group of three protected cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy (IRN) in the late 1890s. One ship of the class, Aurora, is still crewed by the Russian Navy, and maintained as a museum ship.
Vanilla × tahitensis
Vanilla × tahitensis is a hybrid orchid in the genus Vanilla. It was first described by the botanist John William Moore in 1933 from Raiatea in the Society Islands, where it was found growing on trees, having escaped from cultivation.

Vanilla (genus)
Vanilla orchids form the flowering plant genus Vanilla made of about 110 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). These orchids are found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa. Five species are known from the contiguous United States, all limited to southern Florida.

The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia),  native to Mexico and Belize, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor. The key constituent imparting its flavour is the phenolic aldehyde vanillin.

The genus was established in 1754 by Plumier, after J. Miller. The word vanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina (vaina itself meaning sheath or pod), simply translates as little pod.
Tirazayi District
Tirazayi or Tere Zayi (Pashto: تېره زي ; Persian: تیریزائی) is one of the districts of Khost Province, Afghanistan. It is situated in the northeast of the province. It borders Khost and Sabari districts to the west, Bak District to the north and Pakistan to the east. The population is 49,617. The district center is Aliser, located in the western part of the district.

Bak District
Bäk District (Pashto: باک ولسوالۍ, Persian: ولسوالی باک) is in the northern part of Khost Province, Afghanistan. It borders  Tere Zayi District to the south, Sabari District to the west, Zazi Maydan District to the north, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan to the east. According to Afghanistan's National Statistics and Information Authority (NSIA) the 2020 estimated population of the district was 24,977 people. The district center is the village of Bäk, in the southern part near the border with Tere Zayi District.
Stanhope Hall
The Stanhope Hall, formerly Horncastle Town Hall, is a municipal building in Boston Road in Horncastle, a town in Lincolnshire in England. The building began life as a drill hall, then became a town hall and finally became a community hall.

Horncastle
Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is 17 miles (27 km) east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.
Bagamoyo
Bagamoyo (Mji wa Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is a historic coastal town and capital of Bagamoyo District in the Pwani Region of Tanzania. Much of the settlement was founded at the end of the 18th century, though it is an extension of a much older (8th century) Swahili settlement, Kaole. It was chosen as the capital of German East Africa by the German colonial administration and it became one of the most important trading ports for the Germans along the East African coast along the west of the Indian Ocean in the late 19th and early 20th century. Bagamoyo lies 75 kilometres (47 miles) north of Dar-es-Salaam on the coast of the Zanzibar Channel, across from the island of Zanzibar. The town hosts Bagamoyo Historic Town, that is a National Historic Site of Tanzania. In 2011, the town had 82,578 inhabitants.

Bagamoyo District, Pwani
Bagamoyo District (Wilaya ya Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is one of eight administrative districts of Pwani Region in Tanzania. The district covers an area of 945 km2 (365 sq mi). The district is surrounded by the Chalinze District to the north and west, the Zanzibar Channel to the east, the Kibaha District to the south, and the Kinondoni District to the south-east in the Dar es Salaam Region. The district is comparable in size to the land area of Turks and Caicos Islands.  The district capital is Bagamoyo. As of 2022, the population of Bagamoyo district is 205,478.
Pedro Santana Lopes
Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes GCC (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾu sɐ̃ˈtɐnɐ ˈlɔpɨʃ]; born 29 June 1956) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician, who is the current mayor of Figueira da Foz. He most notably served as prime minister of Portugal from 2004 to 2005.

Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries. As Portugal is a semi-presidential parliamentary republic, the prime minister is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

There is no limit to the number of terms a person can serve as prime minister. The prime minister is appointed by the president following legislative elections, after having heard the parties represented in the parliament. Usually, the person named is the leader of the largest party in the previous election, but there have been exceptions over the years.
David Harris (Australian politician)
David Robert Harris (born 24 February 1966) is an Australian politician. He has served as the New South Wales Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Treaty, Gaming and Racing, Veterans, Medical Research and the Central Coast since April 2023. He has been a Labor Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2015, representing the electorate of Wyong. He previously represented the same electorate from 2007 to 2011.

Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Treaty
The New South Wales Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Treaty is a minister in the Government of New South Wales with responsibility for administering legislation and policy in relation to that state's indigenous Australians in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The current Minister for Aboriginal Affairs is David Harris, who also holds the portfolios of Gaming and Racing and Veterans, appointed with effect from 5 April 2023. The minister administers the portfolio through Aboriginal Affairs NSW, an agency of the Premier's Department, as well as a range of additional government agencies.

Ultimately, the minister is responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
2006 Winnipeg municipal election
The 2006 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 25, 2006, to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Sam Katz was re-elected Mayor of Winnipeg over left-leaning challenger Marianne Cerilli.

1998 Winnipeg municipal election
The 1998 Winnipeg municipal election was held on October 28, 1998 to elect a mayor, councillors and school trustees in the city of Winnipeg.

Centre-left candidate Glen Murray defeated populist right-winger Peter Kaufmann in the mayoral contest.
Westereendersk
Westereendersk is a local variety of Wood Frisian and is spoken in De Westereen, Zwagerbosch and Twijzelerheide. The most remarkable feature is the use of ee /eː/ where Wood Frisian and most other West Frisian dialects use ei or ij /ai/.

This sound change from /ai/ and sometimes /ɪ/ to /eː/ brings us some striking similarities with English in spoken or written texts as most differences to standard West Frisian also concern differences to English.

De Westereen
De Westereen (sometimes referred to as De Westerein in West Frisian and as Zwaagwesteinde in Dutch) is a village in the Dantumadiel municipality of Friesland, the Netherlands. It had a population of around 5,000 in 2017.
Controversies in autism
Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, leading to various controversies in autism about both its causes and the nature of the diagnoses themselves. Whether autism has mainly a genetic or developmental cause, and the degree of coincidence between autism and intellectual disability, are all matters of scientific controversy and inquiry. There is also more sociopolitical debate as to whether autism should be considered a disability on its own.

Medical model of disability
The medical model of disability, or medical model, is based in a biomedical perception of disability. This model links a disability diagnosis to an individual's physical body. The model supposes that a disability may reduce the individual's quality of life and aims to correct or diminish the disability with medical intervention. It is often contrasted with the social model of disability.

The medical model focuses on curing or managing illness or disability. By extension, the medical model supposes a compassionate or just society invests resources in health care and related services in an attempt to cure or manage disabilities medically. This is in an aim to expand or improve functioning, and to allow disabled people to lead a more "normal" life. The medical profession's responsibility and potential in this area is seen as central.
Arterial arcades
The arterial arcades (intermesenteric arterial anastomoses or Riolan arcades) are a series of anastomosing arterial arches between the arterial branches of the jejunum and ileum.

Nearest the duodenum the mesenteric loops are primary, the vasa recta are long and regular in distribution, and the translucent spaces (lunettes) are extensive.

Toward the ileocolic junction, secondary and tertiary loops are observed, the vessels are smaller and become obscured by numerous fat-tabs.

The diagrams below show the arrangement and variations of the loops of the mesenteric vessels for various segments of the small intestine of average length:

Vasa recta (intestines)
Vasa recta are straight arteries arising from arterial arcades (anastomoses of the jejunal and ileal arteries, branches of superior mesenteric artery) in the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum that supply the jejunum and ileum.

The vasa recta of the jejunum are long and few, compared to the ileum where they are numerous and short.
Vang Municipality
Vang is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Valdres. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Vang i Valdres. Other villages in Vang include Hensgardane, Nystuen, Øye, Ryfoss, and Tyinkrysset.

The 1,504.84-square-kilometre (581.02 sq mi) municipality is the 55th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Vang Municipality is the 299th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,648. The municipality's population density is 1.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (2.8/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.7% over the previous 10-year period.

Ryfoss
Ryfoss is a village in Vang Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the river Storåne, just west of the lake Slidrefjorden. The European route E16 highway runs through the village, heading west through the Filefjell mountains on the way to the west coast of Norway. The medieval Høre Stave Church is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest of the village and the village of Hensgardane lies about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the northwest of Ryfoss. The village has some industry, including a sawmill, a concrete goods factory, as well as a small shopping centre.
Tundzha Glacier
Tundzha Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Тунджа, romanized: lednik Tundzha, IPA: [ˈlɛdnik ˈtund͡ʒɐ]) is a glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica situated east-southeast of Berkovitsa Glacier, west of Saedinenie Snowfield, northwest of Pimpirev Glacier, north of Kamchiya Glacier, and east-northeast of Verila Glacier. It is bounded by Snow Peak to the west, Teres Ridge to the east and the glacial divide between the Drake Passage and Bransfield Strait to the south. The glacier extends 7.5 nautical miles (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) in east-west direction and 2.4 nautical miles (4.4 km; 2.8 mi) in the north-south direction, and drains northwards into Hero Bay between Avitohol Point and Siddins Point.

The feature was named after the Tundzha River in Bulgaria.

Berkovitsa Glacier
Berkovitsa Glacier (Bulgarian: ледник Берковица, romanized: lednik Berkovitsa, IPA: [ˈlɛdniɡ berˈkɔvit͡sɐ]) is a glacier on Livingston Island, Antarctica situated east of Etar Snowfield, south of Medven Glacier, west-northwest of Tundzha Glacier and north-northeast of Verila Glacier.  It is bounded by the southeastern slopes of Oryahovo Heights and the northwestern slopes of Snow Peak.  It extends 4 km in southeast-northwest direction and 2.8 km in northwest-southeast direction, and drains northeastwards into Hero Bay between Avitohol Point and Remetalk Point.

The glacier is named after the town of Berkovitsa in the western Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria.
Babergh District
52°02′53″N 0°56′53″E﻿ / ﻿52.048°N 0.948°E﻿ / 52.048; 0.948

Babergh District (pronounced /ˈbeɪbə/, BAY-bə) is a local government district in Suffolk, England. In 2021 it had a population of 92,300. The district is primarily a rural area, containing just two towns, Sudbury and Hadleigh. The council was based in Hadleigh until 2017, when it moved to shared offices with neighbouring Mid Suffolk District Council in Ipswich, outside either district. The district is named after the medieval Babergh Hundred, which covered part of the area.

The district includes parts of two designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Dedham Vale, known for its association with painter John Constable, and Suffolk Coast and Heaths.

The neighbouring districts are East Suffolk, Ipswich, Mid Suffolk, West Suffolk, Braintree, Colchester and Tendring.

West Suffolk District
West Suffolk District is a local government district in Suffolk, England. It was established in 2019 as a merger of the previous Forest Heath District with the Borough of St Edmundsbury. The council is based in Bury St Edmunds, the district's largest town. The district also contains the towns of Brandon, Clare, Haverhill, Mildenhall and Newmarket, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas. In 2021 it had a population of 180,820.

The neighbouring districts are Mid Suffolk, Babergh, Braintree, South Cambridgeshire, East Cambridgeshire, King's Lynn and West Norfolk and Breckland.
Tushara
The kingdom of Tushara, according to ancient Indian literature, such as the epic Mahabharata, was a land located beyond north-west India. In the Mahabharata, its inhabitants, known as the Tusharas, are depicted as mlechchas ("barbarians") and fierce warriors.

Modern scholars generally see Tushara as synonymous with the historical "Tukhara", also known as Tokhara or Tokharistan – another name for Bactria. This area was the stronghold of the Kushan Empire, which ruled North India between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE.

Daradas
Daradas were an ancient people who lived north and north-west to the Kashmir Valley. This kingdom is identified to be the Gilgit region, in the Gilgit-Baltistan region (part of ancient kamboja kingdom and  Baloristan) along the river Sindhu or Indus. They are often spoken along with the Kambojas. The Pandava hero Arjuna had visited this country of Daradas during his northern military campaign to collect tribute for Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice. The country of Darada has also been mentioned in the Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, a book dealing about Rasasastra