hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sakastan (Sasanian province)
Sakastan (also known as Sagestān, Sagistan, Seyanish, Segistan, Sistan, and Sijistan) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, that lay within the kust of Nemroz. The province bordered Kirman in the west, Spahan in the north west, Kushanshahr in the north east, and Turan in the south east. The governor of the province held the title of marzban. The governor also held the title of "Sakanshah" (king of the Saka) until the title was abolished in ca. 459/60.

Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia or Arab conquest of Iran occurred between 633 and 651, when the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sasanian Empire as part of the early Muslim conquests, which began under Muhammad in 622.
Ramazanlı
39°23′03″N 48°47′07″E﻿ / ﻿39.38417°N 48.78528°E﻿ / 39.38417; 48.78528

Ramazanlı (also, Ramazanly) is a village in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Qaçaqkənd.

Qaçaqkənd
Qaçaqkənd (also, Kachag-Kend and Kachakkend) is a village and municipality in the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 2,110.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qaçaqkənd, Qazaxbərəsi, Ramazanlı, and Xanməmmədli.
Church Temporalities Act 1833
The Church Temporalities Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 37), sometimes called the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which undertook a major reorganisation of the Church of Ireland, then the established but demographic minority church in Ireland.

Tithe War
The Tithe War (Irish: Cogadh na nDeachúna) was a campaign of mainly nonviolent civil disobedience, punctuated by sporadic violent episodes, in Ireland between 1830 and 1836 in reaction to the enforcement of tithes on the Roman Catholic majority for the upkeep of the established state church, the Church of Ireland. Tithes were payable in cash or kind and payment was compulsory, irrespective of an individual's religious adherence.
Bosniak Party
The Bosniak Party (Montenegrin/Bosnian: Bošnjačka stranka, Montenegrin Cyrillic: Бошњачка странка, abbr. BS) is a conservative and national conservative political party of the Bosniak minority in Montenegro. Its founder and first leader was Rafet Husović, while the party is currently led by Ervin Ibrahimović, MP, who is also serving as the party's parliamentary group leader in the Parliament of Montenegro.

Ervin Ibrahimović
Ervin Ibrahimović (Bosnian Cyrillic: Ервин Ибрахимовић; born 7 June 1972) is a Montenegrin Bosniak politician serving as the vice president of the Parliament of Montenegro since December 2021 and the current president of the conservative Bosniak Party (BS), minority party representing Bosniaks in Montenegro, succeeding the party founder Rafet Husović in 2021.
Romain Gary
Romain Gary (born Roman Leibovich Kacew; 21 May [O.S. 8 May] 1914 – 2 December 1980), also known by the pen name Émile Ajar, was a Lithuanian-born French novelist, diplomat, film director, and military aviator. He is the only author to have won the Prix Goncourt twice (once under a pen name). He is considered a major writer of French literature of the second half of the 20th century.

Madame Rosa
Madame Rosa (French: La vie devant soi) is a 1977 French drama film directed by Moshé Mizrahi, adapted from the 1975 novel The Life Before Us by Romain Gary. It stars Simone Signoret and Samy Ben-Youb, and tells the story of an elderly Jewish woman and former prostitute in Paris who cares for a number of children, including an adolescent Algerian boy. The film required a transformation in Signoret's appearance as Madame Rosa.

The film was viewed in context of Arab–Israeli conflicts, and received positive reviews. It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, while Signoret won the César Award for Best Actress for her performance.
Electoral district of Hobart Town
The electoral district of Hobart Town was a multi-member electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in Tasmania's capital city, Hobart, and its suburbs.

The seat was created as a five-member seat ahead of the Assembly's first election held in 1856, and was abolished at the 1871 election, when it was divided up into the seats of Central, East, North, South and West Hobart.

The seat was later recombined in 1897 as the seat of Hobart.

Electoral district of Central Hobart
The electoral district of Central Hobart, sometimes referred to as Hobart Central, was an electoral district of the Tasmanian House of Assembly. It was based in Tasmania's capital city, Hobart.

The seat was created as a single-member seat ahead of the 1871 election following the dissolution of the multi-member Hobart Town seat. It was abolished at the 1886 election when neighbouring seats absorbed its area and became two-member seats.

The seat was then recreated as a single-member seat at the 1903 election and was abolished when the Tasmanian parliament adopted the Hare-Clark electoral model for the entire state in 1909.
890 Waltraut
890 Waltraut is an Eoan asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 11 March 1918. It was named for a character in Richard Wagner's opera, Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods).

This is a member of the dynamic Eos family of asteroids that most likely formed as the result of a collisional breakup of a parent body.

Max Wolf
Maximilian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf (21 June 1863 – 3 October 1932) was a German astronomer and a pioneer in the field of astrophotography. He was the chairman of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg and director of the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory from 1902 until his death in 1932.
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority. It is a collecting, publishing, and research institute and is considered to be Australia's premier resource for information about the cultures and societies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

The institute is a leader in ethical research and the handling of culturally sensitive material. The collection at AIATSIS has been built through over 50 years of research and engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and is now a source of language and culture revitalisation, native title research, and Indigenous family and community history. AIATSIS is located on Acton Peninsula in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.

Marcia Langton
Marcia Lynne Langton (born 31 October 1951) is an Aboriginal Australian writer and academic. As of 2022 she is the Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor at the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne. Langton is an activist for Indigenous rights.
CBFG-FM
CBFG-FM is a mainly-French-language Canadian radio station located in Chisasibi, Quebec.

It is owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (French: Société Radio-Canada), which is owned by the Government of Canada. It broadcasts on 103.5 MHz with an average effective radiated power of 85 watts (class A1).

The station has an ad-free news/talk format and is the flagship of the regional Ici Nord-Québec network, which carries programming from the Canada-wide Ici Radio-Canada Première network, and some regional programming. Like all Première stations, but unlike most FM stations, it broadcasts in mono. The network serves ten First Nations communities in Nord-du-Québec and adjacent regions.

CBC North
CBC North (Inuktitut: ᓰᐲᓰ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ, romanized: SiiPiiSii Ukiuqtaqtumi, lit. 'CBC Northwest'; Cree: ᓰᐲᓰ ᒌᐌᑎᓅᑖᐦᒡ, romanized: SiiPiiSii Chiiwetinuutaahch; French: ICI Grand Nord) is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's radio and television service for the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon of Northern Canada as well as Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec.
Lavanttal
The Lavanttal ('Lavant Valley', German pronunciation: [ˈlavantˌtaːl], Slovene: Labotska dolina or Laboška dolina; Southern Bavarian: Lovnthol) lies in the Lavanttal Alps in southern Austria in the eastern part of the state of Carinthia. It covers just under 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi). Approximately 60,000 people live in the area.

Lavanttal Alps
The Lavanttal Alps (German: Lavanttaler Alpen, Slovene: Labotniške Alpe) are part of the Central Eastern Alps in Austria and Slovenia, between the river Mur in the north and the Drava in the south.

The mountains are named after the central valley of Lavanttal and the Lavant River which runs in their midst. Historically they were also viewed, along with the neighbouring Gurktal Alps range, as part of the larger "Noric Alps", but that grouping had no geological basis.
Glossary of music terminology
A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes. Most of the terms are Italian, in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical conventions. Sometimes, the special musical meanings of these phrases differ from the original or current Italian meanings. Most of the other terms are taken from French and German, indicated by Fr. and Ger., respectively.

Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. Some composers prefer terms from their own language rather than the standard terms listed here.

March (music)
A march is a musical composition with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for lockstep marching of soldiers. As a musical genre, it is a type of martial music, most frequently performed by a military band during parades.

March music pieces vary widely in mood, ranging from the emotional funeral march in Wagner's Götterdämmerung to the brisk Romantic marches of John Philip Sousa and the militaristic hymns of the late 19th century. Examples of the varied use of the march can be found in Beethoven's Eroica Symphony, in the Marches Militaires of Franz Schubert, in the Marche funèbre in Chopin's Sonata in B flat minor, the "Jäger March" in the Op. 91a by Jean Sibelius, and in the Dead March in Handel's Saul.
Chiroteuthidae
The Chiroteuthidae are a family of deep-sea squid, generally small to medium in size, rather soft and gelatinous, and slow moving. They are found in most temperate and tropical oceans, but are known primarily from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Indo-Pacific. The family is represented by approximately 12 species and four subspecies in four genera, two of which are monotypic. They are sometimes known collectively as whip-lash squid, but this common name is also applied to the Mastigoteuthidae, which are sometimes treated as a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of Chiroteuthidae.

The monotypic genus Grimalditeuthis was once (and may still be) given its own family, Grimalditeuthidae. Generally speaking, chiroteuthids are not well represented by described specimens, because they are so often damaged during capture.

Whip-lash squid
The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally described by Verill in 1881, it was later lowered by Chun (1920) to a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of the Chiroteuthidae.  However, Roper et al. (1969) raised it back to the family level, and this has not been changed since. The taxonomy of this family is extremely unstable, and there have been at times one genus, two genera and four subgenera(Salcedo-Vargas & Okutani, 1994), two genera and several 'groups' (Salcedo-Vargas, 1997), five genera and one species with an uncertain placement, or six genera.
Louis Franklin Bache
Louis Franklin Bache (/ˈbiːtʃ/ BEECH; October 7, 1779 – October 4, 1819) was the son of Richard Bache and Sarah Franklin Bache, the daughter of the American statesman Benjamin Franklin and his wife Deborah Read. Bache served as a lieutenant colonel in the Pennsylvania State Militia during the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain.

Richard Bache
Richard Bache (/ˈbiːtʃ/ BEECH; September 12, 1737 – April 17, 1811) was a businessman, a marine insurance underwriter, and later served as Postmaster-General of the American Post Office. He also was the son-in-law of Benjamin Franklin.
Thomas Walsingham (c. 1526 – 1584)
Thomas Walsingham (c. 1526 – 15 January 1584) was an English politician.

He was the only surviving son of Sir Edmund Walsingham of Scadbury, Lieutenant of the Tower and entered at Lincoln's Inn in 1542. He succeeded his father in 1550.

He was described as a "country gentleman", and was a significant landowner. As well as his main estates near Chislehurst, he had property in Cambridgeshire, Essex, Surrey and London. He was a Justice of the Peace for Kent from around 1559 and was appointed High Sheriff of Kent for 1563–64. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Maidstone in 1571, probably through the influence of his cousin Francis Walsingham. He was knighted at Rye in 1573, when the queen was on progress through Kent.

Edmund Walsingham
Sir Edmund Walsingham (c. 1480 – 10 February 1550) of Scadbury Hall, Chislehurst in Kent, was a soldier, Member of Parliament, and Lieutenant of the Tower of London during the reign of King Henry VIII.
Cashan (Peru)
Cashan, Kashan (possibly from Quechua kasha thorn or spine -n a suffix) or Tijeraspunta is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about 5,716 metres (18,753 ft) high. It is located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, in the districts of Huaraz and Olleros. Cashan lies southeast of the town of Huaraz, southwest of Huantsán, west of Uruashraju and northeast of Shacsha.

Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for 200 kilometres (124 mi) between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction. It includes several peaks over 6,000 metres (19,690 ft) high and 722 individual glaciers. The highest mountain in Peru, Huascarán, at 6,768 metres (22,205 ft) high, is located there.

The Cordillera Blanca lies in the Ancash region and runs parallel to the Santa River valley (also called Callejón de Huaylas in its upper and midsections) on the west. Huascarán National Park, established in 1975, encompasses almost the entire range of the Cordillera Blanca.

Snowmelt from the Cordillera Blanca provides part of northern Peru with its year-round water supply, while 5% of Peru's power comes from a hydro-electrical plant located in the Santa River valley. The area of permanent ice cover shrank by about a third between the 1970s and 2006.
Valdian Rural District
Valdian Rural District (Persian: دهستان ولديان) is in Ivughli District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Mahlezan. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Saidabad. It is home to Iran's nuclear facilities.

Mahlezan
Mahlezan (Persian: مهلزان) is a village in, and the capital of, Valdian Rural District in Ivughli District of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Saidabad.
Ubaid period
The Ubaid period (c. 5500–3700 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia. The name derives from Tell al-'Ubaid where the earliest large excavation of Ubaid period material was conducted initially in 1919 by Henry Hall, Leonard Woolley in 1922–1923, and later by Pinhas Delougaz in 1937. Excavations continue into the present day.

In Southern Mesopotamia, this period marks the earliest known human settlements on the alluvial plain, although it is likely earlier periods exist that are obscured under the alluvium. In the south it has a very long duration between about 5500 and 3800 BC when it is replaced by the Uruk period.

In Northern Mesopotamia the period runs only between about 5300 and 4300 BC. It is preceded by the Halaf period and the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period and succeeded by the Late Chalcolithic period.

Tell el-'Oueili
Tell el-'Oueili (also Tell el-‘Uwaili and Awayli); Mesopotamian Arabic: تل العويلي, romanized: Təll əl-ʿOwēli is an archaeological site in the ancient Near East, located in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. It is located 3.5 kilometers southeast of the ancient site of Larsa. The site was excavated between 1976 and 1989 by French archaeologists under the direction of Jean-Louis Huot. The excavations have revealed occupation layers predating those of Eridu, making Tell el-'Oueili the earliest known human settlement in Lower Mesopotamia.
Irayiran Chiriyan
Irayiran Chiriyan, known as Kulacekara Nampi, was a 13th-century Indian Ocean merchant magnate from Kodungallur in the present-day Kerala. He was probably a member of the Indian merchant guild Nanadesikal (Ayyavole Ainutruvar).

He is known for his donations to a Vishnu temple at Myingpagan, a mile south of Pagan, Myanmar.

Kulasekhara Alvar
Kulasekhara (Tamil: குலசேகரர்; IAST: Kulaśekhara; fl. 9th century CE), one of the twelve Vaishnavite alvars, was a bhakti theologian and devotional poet from medieval south India. He was the author of "Perumal Tirumoli" in Tamil and "Mukundamala" in Sanskrit. The Perumal Tirumoli, whose second decade is known as "Tetrarum Tiral", is compiled as a part of Nalayira Divya Prabandham. The Thrikkulasekharapuram Temple in Kodungallur is associated with Kulasekhara Alvar.

Vaishnavite traditions portray Kulasekhara as a ruler from the Chera royal family of the Western Country (present-day Kerala). Based on these accounts, scholars identify Kulasekhara with the Chera playwright-king Kulasekhara Varma or Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara, who reigned from 844/45 to c. 870/71 CE and is considered the earliest known Chera ruler of medieval Kerala.
Santa Vitória, Minas Gerais
Santa Vitória is a municipality in the west of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. As of 2020, the population was estimated at 19,872. It became a municipality in 1948.

Santa Vitória is located at an elevation of 498 metres (1,634 ft), to the south of the great reservoir of São Simão Dam in the Triângulo Mineiro. It belongs to the statistical microregion of Ituiutaba. Neighboring municipalities are São Simão, União de Minas, Limeira do Oeste, Campina Verde and Gurinhatã.

Ituiutaba
Ituiutaba (Brazilian Portuguese: /itujuˈtabɐ/) is a municipality in the western part of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Elevated to city status in 1901, its population in 2020 was 105,255 and a total area in the municipality of 2,694 km2.  The elevation of the seat of the municipality is 544 m.
Cheongju National University of Education
Cheongju National University of Education (Korean: 청주교육대학교) is a national university of education in South Korea. It provides training to teachers, particularly those who plan to teach in public elementary schools. The campus is located in Cheongju City, the capital of North Chungcheong province. Campus facilities include a lab school, library, and broadcasting center. The current president is Su-Hwan Kim. The school employs around 55 professors.

Cheongju
Cheongju (Korean: 청주; Korean pronunciation: [tɕʰʌŋ.dʑu]) is the capital and largest city of North Chungcheong Province in South Korea. The 'Cheong' in the name of Chungcheong Province is the Cheong of Cheongju.
Spermatophore
A spermatophore, from Ancient Greek σπέρμα (spérma), meaning "seed", and -φόρος (-phóros), meaning "bearing", or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction. Spermatophores may additionally contain nourishment for the female, in which case it is called a nuptial gift, as in the instance of bush crickets.  In the case of the toxic moth Utetheisa ornatrix, the spermatophore includes sperm, nutrients, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids which prevent predation because it is poisonous to most organisms.  However, in some species such as the Edith's checkerspot butterfly, the "gift" provides little nutrient value.  The weight of the spermatophore transferred at mating has little effect on female reproductive output.

Ovipore
An ovipore is a pore-like sexual organ of a female insect that is inseminated by the spermatophores ejected by the aedeagus of a male insect during copulation. The spermatophores that pass through the ovipore are stored in most insect species in another organ called spermatheca.
Juventas
Juventas, also known as Iuventus or Juventus
(Greek equivalent: Hebe), was the ancient Roman goddess whose sphere of tutelage was youth and rejuvenation. She was especially the goddess of young men "new to wearing the toga" (dea novorum togatorum)—that is, those who had just come of age.

Several voluntary associations (collegia) were formed for Juventas in the Italian municipalities, as attested by inscriptions.

Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized. Its study affords important information about the religion, traditions and beliefs of the ancient Romans. This legacy is conspicuous in European cultural history in its influence on later juridical and religious vocabulary in Europe, particularly of the Christian Church. This glossary provides explanations of concepts as they were expressed in Latin pertaining to religious practices and beliefs, with links to articles on major topics such as priesthoods, forms of divination, and rituals.

For theonyms, or the names and epithets of gods, see List of Roman deities. For public religious holidays, see Roman festivals. For temples see the List of Ancient Roman temples. Individual landmarks of religious topography in ancient Rome are not included in this list; see Roman temple.
Enterococcaceae
The Enterococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria placed in the order Lactobacillales.
Representative genera include  Enterococcus, Melissococcus, Pilibacter, Tetragenococcus, and Vagococcus. In this family are some important lactic acid bacteria which produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product.

Pilibacter
Pilibacter is a genus of bacteria of the Enterococcaceae. This genus contains a single species, Pilibacter termitis, strains of which were isolated from a termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki).

Bacteria in this genus have been found in the respiratory tracts of human patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Torke
Torke is a small village in Kumta taluk of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. This village is about a few square kilometres in extent. Torke traditionally is the amalgamation of Hoskatt, Naranapur, Toregazani, Torke, Devarabhavi, Hallergudi, Devana and Gonehalli. It has a Gram Panchayat.

The name "Torke" is supposed to have originated from "tore", the rivulet that used to flow through the village. Local names like "torehalla" and "toregazani" also give credence to this theory. However, since this place is famous for production of salt, and a salt maker is also known to be called a "thoreya" in Kannada, Torke might also have got its name from that.

Gokarna, Karnataka
Gokarna is a small temple town located in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state in southern India,

Gokarna is one of the most popular beach destinations for tourists in India. It is popular with beach trekkers. Yana Caves hosts the second cleanest village in India.