hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alexandre de Rhodes
Alexandre de Rhodes, SJ  (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ də ʁɔd]; 15 March 1593 – 5 November 1660), also Đắc Lộ, was an Avignonese Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who had a lasting impact on Christianity in Vietnam. He wrote the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum, the first trilingual Vietnamese-Portuguese-Latin dictionary, published  in Rome, in 1651.

Girolamo Maiorica
Girolamo Maiorica (Portuguese: Jerónimo Majorica; chữ Nôm: 支由尼模 梅烏移𰙔, chữ Hán: 梅烏理哥; Vietnamese alphabet: Giê-rô-ni-mô Mai-ô-ri-ca / Mai Ô Lý Ca; 1591–1656) was a 17th-century Italian Jesuit missionary to Vietnam. He is known for compiling numerous Roman Catholic works written in the Vietnamese language's demotic chữ Nôm script, both on his own and with assistance from local converts. Maiorica was one of the first authors of original Nôm prose. His works are seen as a milestone in the history of Vietnamese literature.
Leopold III, Duke of Austria
Leopold III (1 November 1351 – 9 July 1386), known as the Just, a member of the House of Habsburg, was duke of Austria from 1365. As head and progenitor of the Leopoldian line, he ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Carinthia, Styria and Carniola as well as the County of Tyrol and Further Austria from 1379 until his death.

Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia (Latin: Ducatus Carinthiae; German: Herzogtum Kärnten; Slovene: Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial State after the original German stem duchies.

Carinthia remained a State of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, though from 1335 it was ruled within the Austrian dominions of the Habsburg dynasty. A constituent part of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Austrian Empire, it remained a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until 1918. By the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite in October 1920, the main area of the duchy formed the Austrian state of Carinthia.
South Link Highway
The South Link Highway is a section of Provincial Highway No. 9 from Taitung City to Fenggang, Pingtung County, in Taiwan. The section of the highway from Taitung to Ansuo is coastal road, the rest passes through the Central Mountain Range through Shouka until reaching Fenggang at the end.

Provincial Highway 9 (Taiwan)
Provincial Highway 9 is an important highway across eastern Taiwan from Taipei City to Fangshan, Pingtung, Pingtung County. This provincial highway, at 453.851 km long, is the second-longest provincial highway in Taiwan and passes the regions of Taipei City, New Taipei City, Yilan County, Hualien County, Taitung County and Pingtung County.
1926 Soviet census
The 1926 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения, All-Union census), conducted in December 1926, was the first comprehensive all-Union census in the Soviet Union. It served as a critical instrument in the nation-building efforts of the USSR, furnishing the government with vital ethnographic data. This census played a significant role in the societal shift from the Imperial Russian era to the Soviet period. The methodologies employed by ethnographers in defining individual ethnicity (narodnost), particularly in creating the "List of Ethnicities of the USSR" and delineating borders in ethnically mixed regions, profoundly shaped Soviet policies. Ethnographers, statisticians, and linguists not only designed questionnaires and ethnicity lists but also aimed to actively reshape identities according to Marxism–Leninism. As Anastas Mikoyan stated, the Soviet Union was engaged in "creating and organising new nations".

Okruhas of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
An okruha (Ukrainian: округа) is a historical administrative division of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic that existed between 1923 and 1930. The system was intended as a transitional system between the Russian Imperial division of governorates and the modern equivalent of oblasts.

As a literal translation, the word okruha means vicinity or neighborhood (sharing a root with the words "circle" and "around", a close equivalent is the German term Bezirk). This level of subdivision is roughly equivalent to that of a county, parish, or borough. Okruhas were first established in 1918 when the Polissia Okruha and Taurida Okruha were created as temporary territories of the Ukrainian State of 1918.
Lake Tōgō
Lake Tōgō (東郷池, Tōgō-ike) is a brackish lake located in the town of Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture in the San'in Region of Japan. It has a circumference of 12 kilometers and is separated from the Sea of Japan by a narrow coastal strip.

Lake Tōgō was a cove in ancient Japan that gradually became separated from the sea by sedimentation to become a lake. It is now  connected to the Sea of Japan through Hashizu River, which is about 2 kilometers long. The lake has a number of hot springs on its bed and around its circumference. The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, and the Hashizu Kofun Cluster located between the lake and the sea is believed to have belonged to the local ruling family that ruled the port during the Kofun period. Also in the area are a number of onsen resorts.

Hashizu Kofun Cluster
The Hashizu Kofun Cluster (橋津古墳群) is a group of Kofun period burial mounds located in the Hashizu neighborhood of the town of Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture in the San'in region of Japan. The tumulus group was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1957.
Masato Tanaka
Masato Tanaka (田中 正人, ring name: 田中 将斗, Tanaka Masato; born February 28, 1973) is a Japanese professional wrestler, best known for his appearances with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) in Japan where he was a one-time FMW Brass Knuckles Heavyweight Champion and a one-time WEW World Heavyweight Champion and in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) in the United States where he was a one-time ECW World Heavyweight Champion. He is currently splitting his time wrestling for both Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah) and Pro Wrestling Zero1 (Zero1). He is overall a ten-time world champion in major professional wrestling promotions.

Powerbomb
A powerbomb is a professional wrestling throw in which an opponent is lifted (usually so that they are sitting on the wrestler's shoulders) and then slammed back-first down to the mat. The standard powerbomb sees an opponent first placed in a standing headscissors position (bent forward with their head placed between the attacking wrestler's thighs). The opponent is then lifted on the wrestler's shoulders and slammed down back-first to the mat. A prawn hold is commonly used for a pinning powerbomb.

Powerbombs are sometimes used in mixed martial arts competitions, when a fighter attempts to slam another fighter who has him trapped in a triangle choke. In professional wrestling, it is also sometimes used by a bigger wrestler as a counter to an attempted hurricanrana by a smaller wrestler. While it was associated with super-heavyweight wrestlers, the move was invented by Lou Thesz.
Konstantinova Parish
Konstantinova Parish (Latvian: Konstantinovas pagasts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality in the Latgale region of Latvia. It borders the parishes of Andrupene, Dagda, Asūne, Robežnieki, Skaista and Auleja, all in Krāslava Municipality.

Skaista Parish
Skaista Parish (Latvian: Skaistas pagasts, Latgalian: Skaista pogosts) is an administrative unit of Krāslava Municipality, Latvia. It borders the parishes of Auleja, Kombuļi, Krāslava, Kalnieši, Robežnieki and Konstantinova.
Suzumeda Station
Suzumeda Station (雀田駅, Suzumeda-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of  San'yō-Onoda, Yamaguchi Prefecture,  Japan. It is operated by the West Japan Railway Company (JR West). It is the diverging point between the main and branch lines of the Onoda Line.

San'yō-Onoda
San'yō-Onoda (山陽小野田市, San'yō-Onoda-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 May 2023, the city had an estimated population of 59,867 in 29,122 households and a population density of 530 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 133.09 square kilometres (51.39 sq mi).
Nick Lee (cricketer)
Nicholas Trevor Lee (born 16 October 1983) is an English former first-class cricketer. Lee was educated at Wilmington Grammar School for Boys, before going up to Anglia Ruskin University. While studying at Anglia Ruskin, he made his debut in first-class cricket for Cambridge UCCE against Warwickshire at Fenner's in 2004.

Wilmington Grammar School for Boys
Wilmington Grammar School for Boys (WGSB) is a selective grammar school with academy status in Wilmington, Kent.

From 1954 to 1982, the school was called Dartford Technical High School

The uniform consists of navy blue blazers, white shirts, grey or black trousers and different ties for each house within the school.. Suits are worn in the sixth form. The school is situated directly alongside Wilmington Academy and has multiple bus services that also serve Dartford Grammar School for Girls, Dartford Grammar School, Wilmington Grammar School for Girls and Wilmington Academy.
2010 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team
The 2010 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens football team represented the University of Delaware as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) during the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by ninth-year head coach K. C. Keeler, the Fightin' Blue Hens compiled an overall record of 12–3 with a mark of 6–2 in conference play, sharing the CAA title with William & Mary. Delaware advanced to the NCAA Division I Football Championship playoffs, where the Fightin' Blue Hens received a first round bye. They beat  Lehigh in the second round, New Hampshire in the quarterfinals, and Georgia Southern in the semifinals before losing to Eastern Washington in the NCAA Division I Championship Game, after leading by 19 points late in the third quarter. The team played home games at Delaware Stadium in Newark, Delaware.

Delaware received one vote in the AP Poll following their wins against Towson and UMass.

2010 New Hampshire Wildcats football team
The 2010 New Hampshire Wildcats football team represented the University of New Hampshire in the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Wildcats were led by 12th-year head coach Sean McDonnell and played their home games at Cowell Stadium in Durham, New Hampshire. They were a member of the Colonial Athletic Association. They finished the season 8–5, 5–3 in CAA play . They received an at-large bid into the FCS playoffs where they lost in the quarterfinals to Delaware.
Concurrent tandem catalysis
Concurrent tandem catalysis (CTC) is a technique in chemistry where multiple catalysts (usually two) produce a product otherwise not accessible by a single catalyst. It is usually practiced as homogeneous catalysis.
Scheme 1 illustrates this process. Molecule A enters this catalytic system to produce the comonomer, B, which along with A enters the next catalytic process to produce the final product, P. This one-pot approach can decrease product loss from isolation or purification of intermediates. Reactions with relatively unstable products can be generated as intermediates because they are only transient species and are immediately used in a consecutive reaction.

Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis where the catalyst is in same phase as reactants, principally by a soluble catalyst in a solution. In contrast, heterogeneous catalysis describes processes where the catalysts and substrate are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas, respectively. The term is used almost exclusively to describe solutions and implies catalysis by organometallic compounds. Homogeneous catalysis is an established technology that continues to evolve. An illustrative major application is the production of acetic acid. Enzymes are examples of homogeneous catalysts.
Jackson-Pratt drain
A Jackson-Pratt drain (also called a JP drain) is a closed-suction medical device that is commonly used as a post-operative drain for collecting bodily fluids from surgical sites.  The device consists of an internal drain connected to a grenade-shaped bulb or circular cylinder via plastic tubing.

The purpose of a drain is to prevent fluid (blood or other) build-up in a closed ("dead") space, which may cause either disruption of the wound and the healing process or become an infected abscess, with either scenario possibly requiring a formal drainage/repair procedure (and possibly another trip to the operating room). The drain is also used to evacuate an internal abscess before surgery when an infection already exists.  Clots and other solid matter in the drainage fluid may occlude the tubing, preventing the device from draining properly.

Drain (surgery)
A surgical drain is a tube used to remove pus, blood or other fluids from a wound, body cavity, or organ. They are commonly placed by surgeons or interventional radiologists after procedures or some types of injuries, but they can also be used as an intervention for decompression. There are several types of drains, and selection of which to use often depends on the placement site and how long the drain is needed.
Scott Base
Scott Base is a New Zealand Antarctic research station at Pram Point on Ross Island near Mount Erebus in New Zealand's Ross Dependency territorial claim. It was named in honour of Captain Robert Falcon Scott, RN, leader of two British expeditions to the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. The base was set up as support to field research and the centre for research into earth sciences, and now conducts research in many fields, operated by Antarctica New Zealand.

The base is 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the larger U.S. McMurdo Station via Willy Field road, the main road to Williams Field.

Mount Erebus
Mount Erebus (/ˈɛrɪbəs/) is the southernmost active volcano on Earth, located on Ross Island in the Ross Dependency in Antarctica. With a summit elevation of 3,792 metres (12,441 ft), it is the second most prominent mountain in Antarctica (after Mount Vinson) and the second-highest volcano in Antarctica (after the dormant Mount Sidley). It is the highest point on Ross Island, which is also home to three inactive volcanoes: Mount Terror, Mount Bird, and Mount Terra Nova. It makes Ross Island the sixth-highest island on Earth.

The mountain was named by Captain James Clark Ross in 1841 for his ship, HMS Erebus.  The volcano has been active for around 1.3 million years and has a long-lived lava lake in its inner summit crater that has been present since at least the early 1970s. On 28 November 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901 crashed on Mount Erebus, killing all 257 people on board.
Dallas County, Texas
Dallas County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,613,539, and was estimated to be 2,656,028 in 2024, making it the second-most populous county in Texas and the eighth-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Dallas, the third-most populous city in Texas and the ninth-most populous city in the United States. The county was founded on March 30, 1846 and was possibly named for George Mifflin Dallas, the 11th Vice President of the United States under U.S. President James K. Polk. Dallas County is included in the eleven-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan statistical area, which is the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

Municipal expansion within Dallas County has blurred the geographic lines between cities and between neighboring counties.

Kaufman County, Texas
Kaufman County is a county in the northeastern area of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 145,310. Its county seat is Kaufman. Both the county, established in 1848, and the city were named for David S. Kaufman, a U.S. Representative and diplomat from Texas. Kaufman County is part of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. Western artist Frank Reaugh moved from Illinois to Kaufman County in 1876, where he was directly inspired for such paintings as The Approaching Herd (1902).
Curtius (crater)
Curtius is a lunar impact crater that is located in the southern part of the Moon. From the Earth the crater appears foreshortened, making it more difficult to observe detail. Nevertheless, this is a large crater that can be readily found in even small telescopes. Curtius is located within one crater diameter of the still-larger Moretus to the southwest. To the northeast is the smaller Pentland. Curtius is 95 kilometers in diameter and 6.8 kilometers deep. It is from the Nectarian period, 3.92 to 3.85 billion years ago.

It is named after Albert Curtz.

Pentland (crater)
Pentland is a lunar impact crater that lies in the southern part of the Moon, and appears foreshortened when viewed from the Earth. About one crater diameter to the southwest is the larger crater Curtius, and to the north-northwest lies Zach.

The rim of this crater is somewhat worn, and it has a depression along the southern edge where it is attached to a small crater on the exterior. The inner wall retains some structure in places, and has a shelf along the northeast side. The interior floor is level, with an elongated central rise at the midpoint. Otherwise the floor is nearly featureless, except for a few tiny craterlets.
Variable displacement
Variable displacement is an automobile engine technology that allows the engine displacement to change, usually by deactivating cylinders, for improved fuel economy. The technology is primarily used in large multi-cylinder engines. Many automobile manufacturers have adopted this technology as of 2005, although the concept has existed for some time prior to this.

Engine displacement
Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all of the pistons of a piston engine, excluding the combustion chambers. It is commonly used as an expression of an engine's size, and by extension as an indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should be expected to consume. For this reason displacement is one of the measures often used in advertising, as well as regulating, motor vehicles.

It is usually expressed using the metric units of cubic centimetres (cc or cm3, equivalent to millilitres) or litres (l or L), or – particularly in the United States  – cubic inches (CID, c.i.d., cu in, or in3).
MNCTV
PT MNC Televisi Indonesia (previously PT Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia and PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia), operating as MNCTV (abbreviation for Media Nusantara Citra Television, formerly known as TPI) is an Indonesian private free-to-air television broadcaster. It was founded on 23 January 1990, at first broadcasting only educational programmes, but has since become similar to other Indonesian TV networks, showing programs such as quizzes, sinetron (soap operas), reality TV shows, sports shows, newscasts, and recently, dangdut music.

MNC Vision
MNC Vision, previously known as Indovision, is a direct-to-home satellite television and radio service in Indonesia on a subscription basis. It is owned by PT MNC Vision Networks Tbk, which is a subsidiary of MNC Asia Holding. MNC Vision is the first and oldest subscription-based television service in Indonesia.
Common iliac lymph nodes
The common iliac lymph nodes, four to six in number, are grouped behind and on the sides of the common iliac artery, one or two being placed below the bifurcation of the aorta, in front of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

They drain chiefly the hypogastric and external iliac glands, and their efferents pass to the lateral aortic glands.

Periaortic lymph nodes
The periaortic lymph nodes (also known as lumbar) are a group of lymph nodes that lie in front of the lumbar vertebrae near the aorta. These lymph nodes receive drainage from the gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal organs.

The periaortic lymph nodes are different from the paraaortic lymph nodes. The periaortic group is the general group, that is subdivided into: preaortic, paraaortic, and retroaortic groups. The paraaortic group is synonymous with the lateral aortic group.
Spooner Lake
Spooner Lake is a man-made reservoir located just north of the intersection of Highway 50 and Highway 28 near Spooner Summit, a pass in the Carson Range of the Sierra Nevada, leading to Carson City, Nevada from Lake Tahoe. It is located in Lake Tahoe – Nevada State Park.

Nevada State Route 28
State Route 28 (SR 28) is a 16.3-mile (26.2 km) state highway in Douglas County, Carson City and Washoe County in western Nevada, United States, that runs along the northeastern shore of Lake Tahoe. SR 28 connects U.S. Route 50 (US 50) in Douglas County with California State Route 28 at Crystal Bay. SR 28 has been part of the Nevada scenic byway system since June 1994 and the National Scenic Byway system since September 1996.
Kurohime Station
Kurohime Station (黒姫駅, Kurohime-eki) is a railway station on the Shinano Railway Kita-Shinano Line in Kashiwabara in the town of Shinano, Nagano, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operator Shinano Railway.

Shinano, Nagano
Shinano (信濃町, Shinano-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2019, the town had an estimated population of 8,339 in 3351 households, and a population density of 56 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 149.30 square kilometres (57.65 sq mi).
Wisconsin's 29th Senate district
The 29th Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate.  Located in north-central Wisconsin, the district comprises most of Marathon County, along with northern Wood County, and parts of northern Portage County, northwest Waupaca County, and western Shawano County.  The district includes the cities of Wausau, Marathon City, Marshfield, and Mosinee.

Marathon County, Wisconsin
Marathon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 138,013. Its county seat is Wausau. It was founded in 1850, created from a portion of Portage County. At that time the county stretched to the northern border with the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is named after the battlefield at Marathon, Greece.

Marathon County comprises the Wausau, WI Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI Combined Statistical Area.
Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter is a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine that was built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under licence.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced. The "Orion" name was later re-used by Bristol for an unrelated turboprop engine.

The Bristol Jupiter was licensed by the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-22.

Short Springbok
The Short Springbok was a two-seat, all-metal reconnaissance biplane produced for the British Air Ministry in the 1920s. All together six aircraft of the Springbok design were built but none entered service with the armed forces.