hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Awatef Abdel Karim
Awatef Abdel Karim (Arabic: عواطف عبدالكريم; 8 February 1931 - 24 April 2021) was an Egyptian composer of contemporary classical music. Karim was the first Egyptian female composer to formally study music composition. She composed for piano, violin, choir, and orchestra, and also wrote music for children. In 1991, she succeeded Gamal Abdel-Rahim as chairman of the composition and conducting department of the Cairo Conservatoire, serving in that position until 1997. A revised edition of her book, Music Appreciation of Nineteenth Century Music was published in 2005 in Cairo. She was awarded the State Merit Award in June 2006. Her notable students include Ahmed El-Saedi, Ali Osman, and Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah.

Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah
Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah (Arabic: محمد عبدالوهاب عبدالفتاح; born 1962) is an Egyptian composer of contemporary classical music and educator. He is a member of Egypt's third generation of classical composers.
Afrikanerbond
The Afrikanerbond (Afrikaner League), established in 1994, is the successor to the Afrikaner Broederbond, formerly a South African secret society. Unlike its predecessor, membership is open to anyone over the age of 18 years who identifies with the Afrikaner community. Applicants are required to go through a selection process before membership is granted. The existence of the organisation is no longer cloaked in secrecy; it now has its own website.

The Afrikanerbond acts in the interest of Afrikaners  who are committed to South Africa and want to positively contribute to the creation of a successful South Africa, which provides opportunities for all South Africans. The Afrikanerbond is therefore involved in:

the protection and promotion of fundamental rights,

protection of constitutional democracy

the promotion of responsible citizenship and patriotism.

The chairmen of the Afrikanerbond were:

Afrikaner Broederbond
The Afrikaner Broederbond (AB) or simply the Broederbond was an exclusively Afrikaner Calvinist and male secret society in South Africa dedicated to the advancement of the Afrikaner people. It was founded by H. J. Klopper, H.W. van der Merwe, D. H. C. du Plessis and the Rev. Jozua Naudé in 1918 as Jong Zuid Afrika (Dutch: Young South Africa) until 1920, when it was renamed the Broederbond. Its influence within South African political and social life came to a climax with the 1948-1994 rule of the white supremacist National Party and its policy of apartheid, which was largely developed and implemented by Broederbond members. Between 1948 and 1994, many prominent figures of Afrikaner political, cultural, and religious life, including every leader of the South African government, were members of the Afrikaner Broederbond.
Economic equilibrium
In economics, economic equilibrium is a situation in which the economic forces of supply and demand are balanced, meaning that economic variables will no longer change.

Market equilibrium in this case is a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers. This price is often called the competitive price or market clearing price and will tend not to change unless demand or supply changes, and quantity is called the "competitive quantity" or market clearing quantity.

General equilibrium theory
In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part of an economy while its other factors are held constant.

General equilibrium theory both studies economies using the model of equilibrium pricing and seeks to determine in which circumstances the assumptions of general equilibrium will hold. The theory dates to the 1870s, particularly the work of French economist Léon Walras in his pioneering 1874 work Elements of Pure Economics. The theory reached its modern form with the work of Lionel W. McKenzie (Walrasian theory), Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu (Hicksian theory) in the 1950s.
Hispid cotton rat
The hispid cotton rat  (Sigmodon hispidus) is a rat long thought to occur in parts of South America, Central America, and southern North America. However, recent taxonomic revisions, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, have split this widely distributed species into three separate species (S. hispidus, S. toltecus, and S. hirsutus). The distribution of S. hispidus ranges from Arizona in the west to Virginia to the east and from the Platte River in Nebraska in the north to, likely, the Rio Grande in the south, where it meets the northern edge of the distribution of S. toltecus (formerly S. h. toltecus). Adult size is total length 202–340 mm (8.0–13.4 in); tail 87–122 mm (3.4–4.8 in), frequently broken or stubbed; hind foot 29–35 mm (1.1–1.4 in); ear 16–20 mm (0.63–0.79 in); mass 50–250 g (1.8–8.8 oz). They have been used as laboratory animals.

Toltec cotton rat
The Toltec cotton rat  (Sigmodon toltecus) is a rodent species in the family Cricetidae. It is found in eastern Mexico from the Rio Grande to the Yucatán Peninsula, as well as in Belize and northern Guatemala. It prefers moist grassland habitat. While long thought to be a subspecies of S. hispidus, recent taxonomic revisions, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data, have split the extensive former species range into three separate species.  Carroll et al. (2004) indicate that the southern edge of the S. hispidus distribution is likely near the Rio Grande where it meets the northern distribution of S. toltecus (formerly S. h. toltecus).  The range of S. toltecus extends from northern Mexico south into Chiapas where it occurs in sympatry with S. hirsutus (formerly S. h. hirsutus).
Rats from this species group have been used as laboratory animals.
Volcano bowl
A volcano bowl is a piece of ceramic drinkware originally associated with mid-20th century American tiki bars and tropical-themed restaurants. Drinks served in volcano bowls are typically rum-based, mixed with tropical fruit juices and other liquors such as brandy, vodka, and triple sec, and garnished with fruit. The Flaming Volcano cocktail is especially associated with this drinkware.

Tiki bar
A tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum-based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture décor which is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian. Some bars also incorporate general nautical themes or retro elements from the early atomic age.

Many early tiki bars were attached to hotels or were the bar sections for large Asian restaurants. While some are freestanding, cocktail-only affairs, many still serve food; and some hotel-related tiki establishments are still in existence. Large tiki bars may also incorporate a stage for live entertainment. Musicians such as Alfred Apaka and Don Ho played a historically important role in their popularity, and the bars also booked acts such as exotica-style bands and Polynesian dance floor shows.
2012 Azorean regional election
The 2012 Azorean regional election (Portuguese: Eleições regionais dos Açores de 2012) was an election held on 14 October 2012 for the legislative assembly and government of the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. in which the Socialist Party nominee, under the leadership of Vasco Cordeiro won an absolute majority with 49 percent of the vote, in comparison to their direct rivals, the Social Democratic Party (led by Berta Cabral), who achieved only 33 percent of the vote. Voter turnout was low (although higher than in 2008) with just under 47.9 percent of the electorate casting their ballot on election day.

People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)
The People's Monarchist Party (Portuguese: Partido Popular Monárquico, pronounced [pɐɾˈtiðu pupuˈlaɾ muˈnaɾkiku]) is a political party in Portugal. It was founded in 1974 in an effort to unify Monarchist political forces opposed to the Estado Novo and supportive of the Carnation Revolution's restoration of democracy.

The party seeks the restoration of the Portuguese monarchy, however, since 2008, argue that the leading claimants to the Portuguese throne, the House of Braganza, are illegitimate, instead supporting the House of Loulé. The People's Monarchist Party is a member of the International Monarchist Conference and the European Christian Political Party.
Tui bei tu
Tui bei tu (traditional Chinese: 推背圖; simplified Chinese: 推背图; pinyin: tuī bèi tú) is a Chinese prophecy book from the 7th-century Tang dynasty. The book is known for predicting the future of China, and is written by Li Chunfeng and Yuan Tiangang (袁天罡), and has been compared to the works of famous western prophet Nostradamus. Well known in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, the book was previously banned in the People's Republic of China under the Communist party for superstition (one of the "Four Olds"), though it has since reappeared in street-side book stalls in the 1990s as a bestseller.

Prophecy
In religion, mythology, and fiction, a prophecy is a message that has been communicated to a person (typically called a prophet) by a supernatural entity. Prophecies are a feature of many cultures and belief systems and usually contain divine will or law, or preternatural knowledge, for example of future events. They can be revealed to the prophet in various ways depending on the religion and the story, such as visions, or direct interaction with divine beings in physical form. Stories of prophetic deeds sometimes receive considerable attention and some have been known to survive for centuries through oral tradition or as religious texts.
Statue of Sakakawea (Crunelle)
Sakakawea (or Bird Woman or Sacajawea) is a monumental sized bronze sculpture created by Leonard Crunelle.  It was dedicated on October 13, 1914 and stands on the grounds of the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota.  A recasting was done in 2003 to place in the United States Capitol.

National Statuary Hall Collection
The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its visitor center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia (see Statues of the National Statuary Hall Collection). Since Congress authorized replacements in 2000, fourteen states have replaced at least one of their original two statues. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it has been joined by Arkansas and Nebraska.
Euganean Hills
The Euganean Hills (Italian: Colli Euganei [ˈkɔlli euˈɡaːnei]) are a group of hills of volcanic origin, created by volcanic cones or lava flows, which rise to heights of 300 to 600 m from the Padovan-Venetian plain a few km south of Padua. The Colli Euganei form the first Regional Park established in Veneto (1989), occupying an area with a roughly elliptical perimeter of almost 22,000 hectares, comprising 81 hills and fifteen municipalities. In 2024 the Colli Euganei joined the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

Arquà Petrarca
Arquà Petrarca (Italian pronunciation: [arˈkwa ppeˈtrarka]) is a town and municipality (comune) in northeastern Italy, in the Veneto region, in the province of Padua. As of 2007 the estimated population of Arquà Petrarca was 1,835. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"), and it has been awarded the Bandiera arancione award for excellence in tourism, hospitality and the environment.

Within the town boundaries lies the Coast Lake (Laghetto della Costa), one of the Prehistoric Pile Dwellings Around the Alps, since 2011 in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.
The Dark Knight Strikes Again
The Dark Knight Strikes Again, also known as Batman: The Dark Knight Strikes Again and DK2, is a 2001–2002 DC Comics three-issue limited series comic book written and illustrated by Frank Miller and colored by Lynn Varley, featuring the fictional superhero Batman. The series is a sequel to Miller's 1986 miniseries The Dark Knight Returns. It tells the story of an aged Bruce Wayne who returns from three years in hiding, training his followers and instigating a rebellion against Lex Luthor's dictatorial rule over the United States. The series features an ensemble cast of superheroes including Catgirl, Superman, Wonder Woman, Plastic Man, Green Arrow, The Flash, and the Atom.

Prez (character)
"Prez" is the name of several characters appearing in comics published by DC Comics. The original was Prez Rickard, the first teenage President of the United States, who appeared in a short-lived comic series by writer Joe Simon and artist Jerry Grandenetti in 1973 and 1974. Similar characters have appeared since then, revisiting the concept or paying homage to the original character. In 2015, DC published a miniseries about a teenage girl named Beth Ross who is elected President via Twitter in the year 2036.
2018 Nicaraguan protests
The 2018 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018 when demonstrators in several cities of Nicaragua began protests against the social security reforms decreed by President Daniel Ortega that increased taxes and decreased benefits. After five days of unrest in which nearly thirty people were killed, Ortega announced the cancellation of the reforms; however, the opposition has grown through the 2014–2018 Nicaraguan protests to denounce Ortega and demand his resignation, becoming one of the largest protests in his government's history and the deadliest civil conflict since the end of the Nicaraguan Revolution. On 29 September 2018, political demonstrations were declared illegal by President Ortega.

Protests against Daniel Ortega
Protests against President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega began in 2014, when the construction of the Nicaragua Canal was about to begin, and several hundred protesters blocked roads and clashed with police during the groundbreaking of the canal. Tens of thousands of Nicaraguans began to protest against President Ortega for what they believe to be a corrupt electoral system.

The protests were renewed in April 2018 following the Ortega administration's decree of the Nicaraguan Social Security Institute's social security reform increasing taxes and decreasing benefits. Police and the paramilitary groups attacked and killed unarmed protesters, which made people to stand-up. After five days of deadly unrest, Ortega announced the cancellation of the reforms. Since then, Ortega faced the largest protests in his government's history, with the protest movement spreading to denounce Ortega in general and demanding his resignation. Related protests continue to the present day.
Bruce Schneier
Bruce Schneier (/ˈʃnaɪ.ər/; born January 15, 1963) is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist, and writer. Schneier is an Adjunct Lecturer in Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and a Fellow at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society as of November, 2013. He is a board member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Access Now, and The Tor Project; and an advisory board member of Electronic Privacy Information Center and VerifiedVoting.org. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography and is a squid enthusiast.

Liars and Outliers
Liars and Outliers: Enabling the Trust that Society Needs to Thrive is a 2012 nonfiction book by Bruce Schneier about security in the context of a larger society.

The book covers a wide array of disciplines, from game theory and security to sociology and evolution in its attempt to explain how trust scales from a small village in which people know and trust each other to a global economy where individuals cannot possibly trust every person they must work with, but trust the systems of law and physical security instead.

The book received generally positive reviews for its combination of disparate disciplines and relevance to current events.
Robert Baldwin
Robert Baldwin (May 12, 1804 – December 9, 1858) was an Upper Canadian lawyer and politician who with his political partner Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine of Lower Canada, led the first responsible government ministry in the Province of Canada. "Responsible Government" marked the province's democratic self-government, without a revolution, although not without violence. This achievement also included the introduction of municipal government, the introduction of a modern legal system, reforms to the jury system in Upper Canada, and the abolition of imprisonment for debt. Baldwin is also noted for feuding with the Orange Order and other fraternal societies. The Lafontaine-Baldwin government enacted the Rebellion Losses Bill to compensate Lower Canadians for damages suffered during the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838.  The passage of the Bill outraged Anglo-Canadian Tories in Montreal, resulting in the burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal in 1849.

Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham
Charles Poulett Thomson, 1st Baron Sydenham, GCB, PC (13 September 1799 – 19 September 1841) was a British businessman, politician, diplomat and the first Governor General of the united Province of Canada.
Sorcerian
Sorcerian is a 1987 action role-playing game developed by Nihon Falcom as the fifth installment in the Dragon Slayer line of games. Originally released for the NEC PC-8801, it has since been released on a wide variety of platforms.

Episodic video game
An episodic video game is a video game of a shorter length that is commercially released as an installment to a continuous and larger series. Episodic games differ from conventional video games in that they often contain less content but are developed on a more frequent basis.

Such a series may or may not have continuity, but will always share settings, characters, and/or themes. Episodic production in this manner has become increasingly popular among video game developers since the advent of low-cost digital distribution systems, which can immensely reduce their distribution overhead and make episodes financially viable.  Alternatively, it can be used to describe the narrative of the game. Examples of episodic video games include most Telltale games, Alan Wake, BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea, Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City, Life Is Strange, Resident Evil: Revelations (and Revelations 2), Half-Life 2: Episode One (and Two), Star Trek Online and Deltarune.
Barber Steamship Lines
Barber Steamship Lines was founded in 1902 as Barber & Company Inc. and also operated the New York & Oriental Steamship Company.  In 1928 Barber Steamship Lines operated the American West African Line.  In 1945 Barber Steamship Lines was renamed the Wilhelmsen Lines, as it was acquired by Wilh. Wilhelmsen, a Norwegian company, later was renamed again to Barber International.  American West African Line was closed in 1946, now part of Barber Steamship Lines. Barber Steamship Lines operated in the Far East and then around the World with Wilh. Wilhelmsen ships. Barber Steamship Lines also operated ships of British James Chambers & Company (1945 to 1955),  Norwegian Fearnley & Eger Company and A. F. Klaveness & Co.

SS Empire Eland
Empire Eland was a 5,613 GRT Design 1019 cargo ship that was built in 1920 as West Kedron by Long Beach Shipbuilding Co, Long Beach, California, United States for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). She was transferred to the United States Maritime Commission (USMC) in 1937. In 1940, she was transferred to the  Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was torpedoed and sunk by U-94 on the night of 15–16 September 1941.
Adolphe Joseph Carcassonne
Adolphe Joseph Carcassonne (1826 – 22 September 1891) was a French poet and dramatist. A friend of Gaston Crémieux, he ruled the first Commune of his native Marseille (1870)
His principal works are:

Premières Lueurs, a selection of poems (1852)

Le Jugement de Déea, opera in four acts (1860)

La Fille du Franc-Juge, drama in four acts in verse (1861)

Le Siège de Marseilles, drama in five acts (1862)

La Fête de Molière, a one-act play (1863)

Gouttes d'Eau, a selection of poems (1869)

La Leçon de Géographie, an Alsatian legend in verse, in memory of 1871 (1878)

Théâtre d'Enfants, short comedies in verse (1878)

Molière et la Médecine (1878)

Théâtre d'Adolescents (1880)

Pièces à Dire (1881)

Scènes à Deux, a selection of plays for young amateurs

Nouvelles Pièces à Dire (1884)

République Enfantine, short plays in verse (1885)

Mariage de Fleurs (1886)

Théâtre de Jeunes Filles, a selection of plays for young girls (1887)

Gaston Crémieux
Gaston Crémieux (born Isaac Louis Gaston, 22 June 1836, Nîmes, France; died 30 November 1871, Marseille) was a lawyer, a journalist and a French writer. He distinguished himself by defending poor people, supporting Gambetta and Garibaldi. He led the League of the South (Ligue du midi) with Esquiros and Bastelica. He was friends with Adolphe Joseph Carcassonne. In 1871, he became head of the Marseille's Commune. This democratic uprising (in conjunction with the Paris Commune) was bloodily repressed by General Espivent, and Gaston Cremieux was sentenced to death by a military court and died at thirty-five years, mercy having been refused by Thiers and the commission with which he was surrounded. He was celebrated by Victor Hugo, Louise Michel, and Jean Jaurès.
Birds in Row
Birds in Row is a French hardcore punk band that formed in 2009 in Laval and is composed of three members, "T.", "Q." and "B.". They signed to Deathwish Inc. in 2011 and released their debut album You, Me & the Violence in 2012.

Birds in Row / WAITC
Birds in Row / WAITC is a split EP between the French punk bands Birds in Row and WAITC (formerly known as We Are in the Country). The EP was released on October 30, 2015 through the French label Throatruiner Records, with Deathwish Inc. handling wider distribution.

In September 2015, both bands released one track each for online streaming to promote the release—Birds in Row released "Can't Leave", while WAITC released "Empty Decade/Saturnism". In October 2015, Birds in Row released a music video for the track "Can't Lie" directed by Mr Fifi. The video intersperses various clips of Birds in Row performing live with footage of a busy Asian city.
Aileen Osborn Webb
Aileen Osborn Webb (1892–1979) was an American patron of crafts. She was a founder of the organization now known as the American Craft Council, which gives an annual award named for her. She was considered a "principal supporter" of the American Craft movement during the Great Depression. She founded the School for American Craftsmen (SAC), which is now part of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).

William Church Osborn
William Church Osborn (December 21, 1862 – January 3, 1951) was the son of a prominent New York City family who served in a variety of civic roles including president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, president of the Children's Aid Society, and president of the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Orphaned.