hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Charleston National Forest
Charleston National Forest was established as the Charleston Forest Reserve in Nevada by the U.S. Forest Service on November 5, 1906 with 149,165 acres (603.65 km2). It became a National Forest on March 4, 1907. On July 1, 1908 it was absorbed by Moapa National Forest and the name was discontinued. The lands exist presently as part of Toiyabe National Forest, and portions comprise Spring Mountains National Recreation Area.

Spring Mountains National Recreation Area
The Spring Mountains National Recreation Area (SMNRA) is a U.S. national recreation area, administered by the U.S. Forest Service, west of Las Vegas, Nevada.  It covers over 316,000 acres (494 sq mi; 1,280 km2). The area runs from low meadows (around 3,000 feet or 910 meters above sea level), to the 11,918-foot (3,633 m) Mount Charleston. The SMNRA is a part of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. It adjoins the Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area, which is administered by the Bureau of Land Management.

Spring Mountains National Recreation Area is home to several plant and animal species that are threatened. This was the driving force to create the Mount Charleston Wilderness area.

The SMNRA offers activities such as hiking, picnicking, and skiing at the Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort.
Hanby, Lincolnshire
Hanby is a hamlet in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England.  It is situated  between Lenton and Ropsley Heath, on the line of the Roman Road King Street. The nearest large town is Grantham 7 miles (11 km) to the north-west. Hanby  is part of the civil parish of Lenton, Keisby and Osgodby .

King Street (Roman road)
King Street is the name of a modern road on the line of a Roman road. It runs on a straight course in eastern England, between the City of Peterborough and South Kesteven in Lincolnshire. This English name has long been applied to the part which is still in use and which lies between Ailsworth Heath, in the south and Kate's Bridge, in the north. The old road continued to Bourne thence north-westwards to join Ermine Street south of Ancaster. This part of Ermine Street is called High Dike. In the south, King Street joined Ermine Street close to the River Nene, north of Durobrivae. The whole is I. D. Margary's Roman road number 26. (Margary pp. 232–234)
Chronologies of the Crusades
Chronologies of the Crusades presents the list of chronologies and timelines concerning the Crusades. These include the Crusades to the Holy Land, the Fall of Outremer, the Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399, the Crusades of the 15th Century, the Northern Crusades, Crusades against Christians, the Popular Crusades and the Reconquista.

Crusades after the fall of Acre, 1291–1399
The Crusades after the fall of Acre, 1291–1399 represent the later Crusades that were called for by papal authorities in the century following the fall of Acre and subsequent loss of the Holy Land by the Western world in 1302. These include further plans and efforts for the recovery of the Holy Land, the later popular Crusades, Crusades against Christians, political Crusades, the latter parts of the Reconquista, and the Northern Crusades. Crusades were to continue well into the fifteenth century and would include those against the Ottoman Empire.
Maimansingha Gitika
Maimansingha Gitika (Bengali: মৈমনসিংহ গীতিকা, lit. 'Mymensingh Ballads') is a collection of Bengali folk ballads originating from the eastern part of Mymensingh (present-day Netrokona), Bangladesh. The ballads were later published in English under the title Eastern Bengal Ballads. The songs were collected and edited by Dinesh Chandra Sen, and the collection was published by the University of Calcutta, together with another similar compilation, Purbabanga-gitika.

Kajalrekha (Bengali folk ballad)
Kajalrekha (Bengali: কাজলরেখা) is a Bengali folk ballad collected in the work Maimansingha Gitika, containing ballads from Mymensingh, Bengal. It tells the story of a girl that is destined to marry a seemingly dead man, who is, in reality, under a curse, his body prickled by numerous needles. The girl begins a task of removing the needles to revive the prince, but a servant replaces her and claims the prince's resurrection as her doing. Finally, after some misandventures, a bird reveals Kajalrekha's story to a gathering of people, which alerts the prince of the truth.

The tale is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 894, "The Ghoulish Schoolmaster and the Stone of Pity", for the alternate object the heroine may tell her tale to, but, before the 2004 revision, it was indexed as type AaTh 437, "The Needle Prince".
Critical and Miscellaneous Essays
Critical and Miscellaneous Essays is the title of a collection of reprinted reviews and other magazine pieces by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle. Along with Sartor Resartus and The French Revolution it was one of the books that made his name. Its subject matter ranges from literary criticism (especially of German literature) to biography, history and social commentary. These essays have been described as "Intriguing in their own right as specimens of graphic and original nonfiction prose…indispensable for understanding the development of Carlyle's mind and literary career", and the scholar Angus Ross has noted that the review-form displays in the highest degree Carlyle's "discursiveness, allusiveness, argumentativeness, and his sense of playing the prophet's part."

Sartor Resartus
Sartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh in Three Books is a novel by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle, first serialised in Fraser's Magazine from November 1833 to August 1834. It purports to be a commentary on the thought and early life of a German philosopher called Diogenes Teufelsdröckh (which translates as 'Zeus-born Devil's-dung'), author of a tome entitled Clothes: Their Origin and Influence. Teufelsdröckh's Transcendentalist musings are mulled over by a sceptical English Reviewer (referred to as Editor) who also provides fragmentary biographical material on the philosopher. The work is a parody, in part of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and more generally of German idealism.
Marjing
Marjing (Meitei: ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ) is the God of horses, polo, hockey, sports and war in Sanamahism, the indigenous religion of Manipur. The guardianship of the north eastern direction is alluded to Marjing and the other directions to Koupalu (north west), Thangching (south west) and Wangpulen (south east). According to the legend, he invented the game of polo (Sagol Kangjei) and introduced it as the national game. He and his divine creature, Samadon Ayangba, reside in the top of the Heingang Ching (Marjing hills).

Koupalu
Koupalu (Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ) is a primordial deity in Sanamahism. He is the protector of the Meiteis, guardian of the North West direction and the founder of Meitei civilization. He lives on the summit of Mount Koubru.
Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall
Sam's Town Hotel and Gambling Hall, commonly shortened to Sam's Town, is a casino brand owned by Boyd Gaming, named after its founder, Sam Boyd (1910–1993). Five properties have carried the Sam's Town name; three remain owned and operated by Boyd Gaming.

Boyd Gaming
Boyd Gaming Corporation is an American gambling and hospitality company based in Paradise, Nevada, US.

As of 2021, Boyd operates 28 properties with a total of 10,751 hotel rooms and 1,694,482 square feet (157,422.5 m2) of casino space with 31,635 slot machines and 686 table games. Gambling revenue is 80% of total gross revenue.
Preussen (ship)
Preussen (Preußen in German and as written on the vessel) (PROY-sin) was a German steel-hulled, five-masted, ship-rigged sailing ship built in 1902 for the F. Laeisz shipping company and named after the German state and kingdom of Prussia. She was the world's only ship of this class with five masts, carrying six square sails on each mast.

Until the 2000 launch of Royal Clipper, a sail cruise liner, she was the only five-masted full-rigged ship ever built.

Iron-hulled sailing ship
Iron-hulled sailing ships represented the final evolution of sailing ships at the end of the age of sail. They were built to carry bulk cargo for long distances in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They were the largest of merchant sailing ships, with three to five masts and square sails, as well as other sail plans. They carried lumber, guano, grain or ore between continents. Later examples had steel hulls. They are sometimes referred to as "windjammers" or "tall ships". Several survive, variously operating as school ships, museum ships, restaurant ships, and cruise ships.
Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)
Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor, Op. 30, was composed in the summer of 1909. The piece was premiered on November 28 of that year in New York City with the composer as soloist, accompanied by the New York Symphony Society under Walter Damrosch. The work has the reputation of being one of the most technically challenging piano concertos in the standard classical piano repertoire.

D minor
D minor is a minor scale based on D, consisting of the pitches D, E, F, G, A, B♭, and C. Its key signature has one flat. Its relative major is F major and its parallel major is D major.

The D natural minor scale is:

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The D harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:
Kišnica mine
The Kišnica mine is one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Kosovo. The mine is located in Novo Brdo in Pristina district. The mine has reserves amounting to 10.3 million tonnes of ore grading 3.77% lead, 1% zinc and 47gr/t silver thus resulting 390,000 tonnes of lead, 103,300 tonnes of zinc and 17 million oz of silver.

Novo Brdo
Novo Brdo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ново Брдо), or Novobërda or Artana (Albanian indefinite form: Novobërdë or Artanë), is a town and municipality located in the Pristina district of Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 6,729 inhabitants. The center of the municipality is the village of Bostane. The region is especially known for its role in mining during medieval times, in particular after the construction of the Novo Brdo Fortress by Stefan Milutin (King of Serbia) to house Saxon miners who were brought in the region. According to the 2024 census, it has an Albanian majority.
Kido Tile Kiln Site
Kido Tile Kiln site (木戸瓦窯跡, Kido Kawara Kama-ato) is an archaeological site with the remains of a late Nara period, early Heian period kiln for roof tile production located in what is now the city of  Ōsaki, Miyagi Prefecture in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.  It has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1976.

Ōsaki, Miyagi
Ōsaki (大崎市, Ōsaki-shi) is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2020, the city had an estimated population of 128,763 in 51,567 households, and a population density of 160 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 796.76 square kilometres (307.63 sq mi). Ōsaki  is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
Combination classification in the Giro d'Italia
The Combination classification was a competition in the annual Giro d'Italia bicycle race. It was first introduced in the 1985 Giro d'Italia, where it was first won by the Swiss rider Urs Freuler. The classification was run annually until the 1988 Giro d'Italia, where the American Andrew Hampsten won the classification. The combination classification was replaced in the 1989 Giro d'Italia by the intergiro classification. The classification reappeared after an 11-year hiatus in 2001. It was the absent from the succeeding Giro d'Italia editions until it returned in 2006, where Paolo Savoldelli won the classification. The classification did not return in 2007, as it was replaced by the return of the Young rider classification.

For the 1988 and the 2006 editions of the Giro, the leader of the classification was awarded a blue jersey.

Intergiro classification in the Giro d'Italia
The Intergiro is a competition in the annual multiple stage bicycle race the Giro d'Italia. It was first introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 2005 as a stand alone Jersey. It was reintroduced in 2024 as number colour. In its initial inception, the calculation for the intergiro was similar to that of the general classification, in each stage there is a midway point that the riders passed through a point and where their times were stopped. As the race went, their times were compiled and the person with the lowest time was the leader of the intergiro classification and wore a blue jersey until 2005. When the competition was revived in 2024, it was changed to points-based scoring, with competitors accumulating points at the designated midway point. The rider with the most points is the leader of the Intergiro classification.
Grenada national cricket team
The Grenada national cricket team represents the country of Grenada in cricket. The team is not a member of the International Cricket Council, but the Grenada Cricket Association is a member of the Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control, which itself is a member association of the West Indies Cricket Board, and players from Grenada generally represent the Windward Islands cricket team at domestic level and the West Indies at international level. Grenada has however played as a separate entity in matches which held Twenty20 status, but has not appeared in first-class or List A cricket. The team's coach, as of November 2013, is Ricky Williams. The team currently has two captains: Devon Smith, who captains the two-day team, and Andre Fletcher who captains the 20-over team.

Windward Islands Cricket Board of Control
The Windward Islands Cricket Board is the ruling body for cricket in the following West Indian islands: Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Dominica. Although Dominica is geographically part of the Leeward Islands, as it was part of the Windward Islands colony from 1940 until its independence, its cricket federation remains a part of the Windward Islands.
Boom method
Boom method (aka Boom nucleic acid extraction method) is a solid phase extraction method for isolating nucleic acid from a biological sample. This method is characterized by "absorbing the nucleic acids (NA) to the silica beads".

Chaotropic agent
A chaotropic agent is a molecule in water solution that can disrupt the hydrogen bonding network between water molecules (i.e. exerts chaotropic activity). This has an effect on the stability of the native state of other molecules in the solution, mainly macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) by weakening the hydrophobic effect. For example, a chaotropic agent reduces the amount of order in the structure of a protein formed by water molecules, both in the bulk and the hydration shells around hydrophobic amino acids, and may cause its denaturation.

Conversely, an antichaotropic agent (kosmotropic) is a molecule in an aqueous solution that will increase the hydrophobic effects within the solution. Antichaotropic salts such as ammonium sulphate can be used to precipitate substances from the impure mixture. This is used in protein purification processes, to remove undesired proteins from solution.
Colin Clive
Colin Glenn Clive (born Clive-Greig; 20 January 1900 – 25 June 1937) was a British theatre and film actor. Known for portraying individualistic, tumultuous characters which often mirrored his personal life, he is most famous for his role as Dr. Henry Frankenstein in the 1931 film Frankenstein and its 1935 sequel, Bride of Frankenstein. Clive’s maniacal delivery of the words, "It's alive, it's alive!" when Dr. Frankenstein confirms his creature is moving, was listed by American Film Institute (AFI) as one of the 100 greatest movie quotes of all time.

Jane Eyre (1934 film)
Jane Eyre is a 1934 American romantic drama film directed by Christy Cabanne, starring Virginia Bruce and Colin Clive. It is based on the 1847 novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, and is the first adaptation to use sound.
Lopez, Quezon
Lopez, (Tagalog pronunciation: [loˈpɛs], American Spanish: Spanish pronunciation: [ˈlohˈpez], European Spanish: [ˈloʊˈpɛθ]), officially the Municipality of Lopez (Tagalog: Bayan ng Lopez),  is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 96,006 people.

Gaudencio Vera
Gaudencio Verdadero Vera (born September 17, 1905) was a Filipino statesman and guerilla leader. He was born to Felipe Vera of Magarao, Camarines Sur and Hilaria Verdadero of Lopez, Quezon. He has three brothers namely Ildefonso, Dioscoro and Juan Vera.

He travelled to Manila in search of greener pastures. He was successfully hired by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon to work with the Quezon Family before the World War II broke-out in 1941.
Den Haag Centraal railway station
Den Haag Centraal (Dutch pronunciation: [dɛn ˌɦaːx sɛnˈtraːl]; English: "The Hague Central") is the largest railway station in the city of The Hague in South Holland, Netherlands, and with twelve tracks, the largest terminal station in the Netherlands. The railway station opened in 1973, adjacent to its predecessor: Den Haag Staatsspoor, which was subsequently demolished. It is the western terminus of the Gouda–Den Haag railway.

RandstadRail
RandstadRail (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɑntstɑtˌreːl]) is a tram-train network in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area in the west of the Netherlands that is jointly operated by HTM Personenvervoer (HTM) and Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram (RET). It connects the cities of Rotterdam, The Hague and Zoetermeer, primarily using former train and existing tram tracks.

Named after the Randstad conurbation, the light rail network came into operation in 2006, after regular train services on the Hofpleinlijn and Zoetermeer Stadslijn had been discontinued. The system consists of four routes and serves 73 stations, with a total length of approximately 71 kilometres (44 mi). In 2018, it had a daily ridership of around 125,000 passengers.
Dexter Grimsley
Dexter Grimsley (born November 11, 1970) is an American politician who served as a Democrat in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 85th district from 2010 to 2022, representing Henry and Houston counties.

Grimsley worked as a state probation officer for 19 years, but after being re-elected to a second four-year term as state representative, was told he could not hold two state positions. He has said that he needed to have a second job to support his family financially and was only five years from retirement.

Grimsley served three terms in the state legislature. He was unseated in 2022 when he was defeated in his bid for re-election by Republican candidate Rick Rehm. currently coach at Alma mater Abbeville high school

Rick Rehm
Rick Rehm (born January 19, 1966) is an American politician who serves in the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 85th district since 2022. A member of the Republican Party, Rehm represents a district that includes both Henry County and Houston County.
Northern Ireland Policing Board
The Northern Ireland Policing Board (Irish: Bord Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlan Polisin Boord) is the police authority for Northern Ireland, charged with supervising the activities of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). It is a non-departmental public body composed of members of the Northern Ireland Assembly and independent citizens who are appointed by the Minister of Justice using the Nolan principles for public appointments.

Police Service of Northern Ireland
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI; Irish: Seirbhís Póilíneachta Thuaisceart Éireann; Ulster Scots: Polis Service o Norlin Airlan), is the police service responsible for law enforcement and the prevention of crime within Northern Ireland.

It is the successor to the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) after it was reformed and renamed in 2001 on the recommendation of the Patten Report.

The PSNI is the third-largest police service in the United Kingdom in terms of officer numbers (after the Metropolitan Police and Police Scotland) and the second-largest in terms of geographic area of responsibility, after Police Scotland. The PSNI is approximately half the size of Garda Síochána in terms of officer numbers.
Counts of Ortenburg
The Counts of Ortenburg (German: Grafen von Ortenburg) were a comital family in the mediaeval Duchy of Carinthia. Though they had roots in Bavarian nobility, an affiliation with the Imperial Counts of Ortenburg, a branch line of the Rhenish Franconian House of Sponheim, is not established.

Gottschee
Gottschee (pronounced [ɡɔˈtʃeː], Slovene: Kočevsko) refers to a former German-speaking region in Carniola, a crownland of the Habsburg Empire, part of the historical and traditional region of Lower Carniola, now in Slovenia. The region has been a county, duchy, district, and municipality during various parts of its history. The term often also refers to the entire ethnolinguistic enclave regardless of administrative borders. Today Gottschee largely corresponds to the Municipality of Kočevje. The original German settlers of the region are called Gottschee Germans or Gottscheers, and their German dialect is called Gottschee German or Gottscheerish.
Padangkelapa
Padangkelapa is a village in the Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Tanahgaro (12.0 nm), Peninjauan (7.3 nm), Mersam (3.2 nm), Sungairotan (3.2 nm), Singkatigedang (7.3 nm), Matagoal (12.0 nm), Kermio (11.2 nm), Jernih-tua (20.6 nm) and Durianluncuk (13.9 nm).

Singkatigedang
Singkatigedang is a village in the Batang Hari Regency in the Jambi Province of Sumatra, Indonesia.

Nearby towns and villages include Mersam (8.1 nm), Sungairotan (8.1 nm), Padangkelapa (7.3 nm), Pulaupauh (23.1 nm), Benteng (3.0 nm), and Kermio (7.6 nm).
New Zealand Railways Department
The New Zealand Railways Department, NZR or NZGR (New Zealand Government Railways) and often known as the "Railways", was a government department charged with owning and maintaining New Zealand's railway infrastructure and operating the railway system. The department was created in 1880 and was corporatised on 1 April 1982 into the New Zealand Railways Corporation. Originally, railway construction and operation took place under the auspices of the former provincial governments and some private railways, before all of the provincial operations came under the central Public Works Department. The role of operating the rail network was subsequently separated from that of the network's construction. From 1895 to 1993 there was a responsible Minister, the Minister of Railways. He was often also the Minister of Public Works.

Apart from four brief experiments with independent boards, NZR remained under direct ministerial control for most of its history.

NZR J class (1939)
The NZR J class was a class of forty 4-8-2 steam locomotives operated by the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR). Although designed to work on the lighter secondary lines, the class was frequently used on mainline express passenger trains as well as freight. When first introduced, the class boasted distinctive streamlining, which was later removed from 1947 onwards for maintenance reasons. Three of this class remained in service until the end of steam operation on 26 October 1971, when they were withdrawn and entered into preservation. This class should not be confused with the earlier J class from 1874.