hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rathnagiri Rahasya
Rathnagiri Rahasya (pronunciationⓘ transl. The secret of Rathnagiri) is a 1957 Indian Kannada-language adventure film, directed and produced by B. R. Panthulu, starring Udaykumar and Jamuna. it was simultaneously made in Tamil as Thangamalai Ragasiyam, which was also released in 1957, with Jamuna reprising her role. Most of the technical crew worked on both the Tamil and Kannada versions of the film.

B. R. Panthulu
Budaguru Ramakrishnaiah Panthulu (26 July 1910 – 8 October 1974) was an Indian film director, producer and actor. He is best known for directing films in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi. His most popular films are Karnan, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Sri Krishnadevaraya, School Master and Kittur Channamma, B. R. Panthulu, is a successful actor and converted Ma. Po. Si.'s biographic works Veerapandiya Kattabomman (a movie about a local chieftain who fought with the British in the 18th century in Tamil Nadu) and Kappalottiya Thamizhan (a movie about a lawyer who rebelled against the British rule that forbade Tamils operating shipping companies) to celluloid.
Palatine Zweibrücken
The Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Zweibrücken; French: Duché de Palatinat-Deux-Ponts or Comté palatin de Deux-Ponts) was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire with full voting rights to the Reichstag. Its capital was Zweibrücken. The reigning house, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was also the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.

House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld
The House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld (German: Pfalz-Birkenfeld), later Palatinate-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken, was the name of a collateral line of the Palatine Wittelsbachs. The Counts Palatine from this line initially ruled over only a relatively unimportant territory, namely the Palatine share of the Rear County of Sponheim; however, their importance steadily grew. All living members of the House of Wittelsbach descend from Palatinate-Birkenfeld, which thus became the parent branch of the Kings of Bavaria.
Marcela Daniel
Marcela Theresa Daniel (later Kitt; born 10 August 1943) is a Panamanian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres relay (with Carlota Gooden, Jean Holmes-Mitchell, and Silvia Hunte).

Silvia Hunte
Silvia Hunte Zambrano (born 14 April 1938) is a Panamanian sprinter. She competed in the women's 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres relay (with Carlota Gooden, Jean Holmes-Mitchell, and Marcela Daniel).
Dundas Castle
Dundas Castle is a 15th-century castle, with substantial 19th-century additions by William Burn, near South Queensferry, on the outskirts of Edinburgh, Scotland. The home of the Dundas family since the Middle Ages, it was sold in the late 19th century and is currently the residence of politician and businessman Sir Jack Stewart-Clark. The tower house and the adjoining Tudor-Gothic mansion are listed separately as Category A buildings, and the grounds are included in Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.

William Burn
William Burn FRSE (20 December 1789 – 15 February 1870) was a Scottish architect. He received major commissions from the age of 20 until his death at 81. He built in many styles and was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial Revival, often referred to as the golden age of Scottish architecture.
Catherine Hakim
Catherine Hakim (born 30 May 1948) (Arabic: كاترين حكيم) is a British sociologist who specialises in women's employment and women's issues. She is known for developing the preference theory, for her work on erotic capital and more recently for a sex-deficit theory. She is currently a professorial research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Civil Society (Civitas), and has formerly worked in British central government and been a senior research fellow at the London School of Economics and the Centre for Policy Studies. She has also been a visiting professor at the Social Science Research Center Berlin.

Sexual capital
Sexual capital, erotic capital, or sexual market value (SMV) is the social power an individual or group accrues as a result of their sexual attractiveness and social charm. It enables social mobility independent of class origin because sexual capital is convertible, and may be useful in acquiring other forms of capital, including social capital and economic capital.
Because of Winn-Dixie
Because of Winn-Dixie is a 2000 children's novel written by American author Kate DiCamillo. It was adapted as a 2005 family film directed by Wayne Wang, produced by Walden Media and Twentieth Century Fox, and starring AnnaSophia Robb as Opal Buloni.

Because of Winn-Dixie (film)
Because of Winn-Dixie is a 2005 American comedy-drama film based on Kate DiCamillo's 2000 novel of the same name, with the screenplay written by Joan Singleton, produced by Trevor Albert and directed by Wayne Wang. The film was produced by Walden Media and released by 20th Century Fox.

Because of Winn-Dixie stars Jeff Daniels, Cicely Tyson, Eva Marie Saint, Dave Matthews and AnnaSophia Robb in her feature film debut. It premiered at the USA Film Festival on January 26, 2005, and was theatrically released on February 18, 2005.

The film received mixed reviews from critics and earned $33.5 million against a production budget of $14 million. It was released on DVD and VHS on August 9, 2005 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.
Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated. Common examples include the reflection of light, sound and water waves. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection (for example at a mirror) the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected.

In acoustics, reflection causes echoes and is used in sonar. In geology, it is important in the study of seismic waves. Reflection is observed with surface waves in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave, besides visible light. Reflection of VHF and higher frequencies is important for radio transmission and for radar. Even hard X-rays and gamma rays can be reflected at shallow angles with special "grazing" mirrors.

Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media. They were deduced by French engineer and physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel (/freɪˈnɛl/) who was the first to understand that light is a transverse wave, when no one realized that the waves were electric and magnetic fields. For the first time, polarization could be understood quantitatively, as Fresnel's equations correctly predicted the differing behaviour of waves of the s and p polarizations incident upon a material interface.
Daejong of Goryeo
Daejong (died 969; born Wang Uk) was a Goryeo Royal Prince as the only son of King Taejo and Queen Sinjeong, elder brother of Queen Daemok and father of King Seongjong. Through his children, he became the grandfather of Queen Wonyong and maternal grandfather to both Mokjong and Hyeonjong.

He married his younger half-sister, Queen Seonui, and had 3 sons and 3 daughters. However, both of them died in 969 and their young children were raised by his mother. After Gyeongjong's death, Uk's second son, Wang Chi, ascended the throne as Seongjong and then gave posthumous name and temple name to his late parent. He and his wife were buried in Taereung Tomb (태릉; 泰陵).

Queen Seonui (Goryeo)
Queen Seonui of the Chŏngju Yu clan (Korean: 선의왕후 유씨; Hanja: 宣義王后 柳氏) or formally called Grand Queen Mother Seonui (Korean: 선의왕태후; Hanja: 宣義王太后), was a Goryeo princess, second daughter of King Taejo and Queen Jeongdeok. She married her half brother, Daejong of Goryeo, giving birth to three sons (among which King Seongjong), and two daughters, Queen Heonae and Queen Heonjeong.

Seonui and her husband died when their children were still young, so they were raised by their paternal grandmother. Both she and her husband were posthumously honoured as a king and queen after their second son, Wang Chi, ascended the throne.
Christina Heinich
Christina Schiffner (née Heinich; born 8 July 1949 in Leipzig) is a retired East German sprinter who specialized in the 200 metres.

At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich she finished fifth in the 200 metres and won silver medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay with her teammates Evelin Kaufer, Bärbel Struppert and Renate Stecher.

She participated at three European Championships. In 1966 she finished fifth in relay, and in 1971 she finished eighth in the 200 m. At the 1974 European Championships she won the relay together with teammates Bärbel Eckert, Doris Maletzki and Renate Stecher.

She competed for the club SC Leipzig during her active career, under coach Karl-Heinz Balzer and with fellow athletes like Karin Balzer and Regina Höfer. She married the cyclist Michael Schiffner.

Doris Maletzki
Doris Maletzki (for some time Brachmann, born 11 June 1952) is a retired East German sprinter who specialised in the 200 metres.

She won a gold medal in 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1974 European Championships, together with teammates Christina Heinich, Bärbel Eckert and Renate Stecher. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal she won a gold medal in 4 × 400 metre relay, with her teammates Brigitte Rohde, 400 m silver medalist Christina Brehmer and 400 m bronze medalist Ellen Streidt. She competed for the club SC Dynamo Berlin during her active career.

Maletzki served as managing director of football club BFC Dynamo in 2001. She was elected as the first woman to the presidium of the Berlin Football Association (BFV) in 2004. Maletzki serves as the vice chairman of the financial committee of BFV as of 2021. She is a representative of BFC Dynamo in the BFV.
Carl Deal
Carl Deal is an American documentary filmmaker and journalist. He is the producer and director of the films Trouble the Water and Citizen Koch, producer of Michael Moore's Where To Invade Next and Fahrenheit 11/9, and co-producer of Capitalism: A Love Story and Fahrenheit 9/11.

Trouble the Water
Trouble the Water is a 2008 documentary film produced and directed by Tia Lessin and Carl Deal. The film centers on a young couple surviving Hurricane Katrina, and facing their own troubled past during the storm's aftermath. It features music by Massive Attack, Mary Mary, Citizen Cope, John Lee Hooker, The Roots, Dr. John and Blackkoldmadina. Trouble the Water was distributed by Zeitgeist Films and premiered in theaters in New York City and Los Angeles on August 22, 2008, followed by a national release.
City Park/Pepsi Tennis Center
The City Park Tennis Center is a tennis complex located in City Park in New Orleans, United States. The facility, built in 2011, serves as the home of the Loyola Wolf Pack and Tulane Green Wave tennis teams.

The facility offers 26 lighted tennis courts. It has 16 hard courts and 10 clay courts along with a practice court and a club house. The club house is 3,500 square feet and includes a meeting room, showers and lockers.

The tennis center hosts the City Park Grand Slam Tennis Tournament and has hosted the Allstate Sugar Bowl Tennis Tournament.

Tulane Green Wave
The Tulane Green Wave are the athletic teams that represent Tulane University, located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Tulane competes in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American). There are 14 Green Wave intercollegiate programs, two of which compete outside The American. Beach volleyball and bowling, women's sports that are not sponsored by The American, compete in Conference USA (CUSA).
Siw Malmkvist
Siw Gunnel Margareta Malmkvist (born 31 December 1936) is a Swedish schlager singer and actress popular in Scandinavia and West Germany (today's Germany). She represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1960 and West Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969.

She had a number one hit in West Germany in 1964 with "Liebeskummer lohnt sich nicht" ("Lovesickness Is Not Worthwhile"), and on 18 July 1964 she became the first Swede to have a hit on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, when "Sole Sole Sole", a duet with Italian singer Umberto Marcato, entered the chart, peaking at No. 58. Malmkwist is notable for having recorded in more than 10 languages, including Swedish, English, Finnish, Norwegian, Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish and particularly German.

Lill-Babs
Barbro Margareta Svensson (9 March 1938 – 3 April 2018), known by her stage name Lill-Babs, was a Swedish singer, actress and television host. From the early 1950s until her death in 2018, she was one of Sweden's best-known and most popular singers. She represented Sweden in the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest in Cannes with the song "April, april". She was also well known for the song "Är du kär i mej ännu Klas-Göran?" ("Are You Still in Love with Me, Klas-Göran?").
Almops
Almops (Ancient Greek: Ἄλμωψ) was, in Greek mythology, a giant  son of the god Poseidon and the half-nymph Helle. He was the brother of Paeon (called "Edonus" in some accounts).

It is from Almops that the now-obsolete name for the region of Almopia (and its inhabitants, the Almopes) in Macedonia, Greece, is believed to have derived.

Paeon (son of Poseidon)
In Greek mythology, Paeon or Paion (Ancient Greek: Παίων, gen.: Παίονος) was a son of Poseidon by Helle, who fell into the Hellespont. In some legends he was called Edonus. He was the brother of the giant Almops.
Molly McCann
Molly Maria McCann Pearson (born 4 May 1990) is an English boxer and former mixed martial artist. She is a former Cage Warriors Flyweight Champion and formerly competed in the women's Flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Diana Belbiţă
Diana Irena Belbiță (born June 26, 1996) is a Romanian former mixed martial artist, and kickboxing, judo and kempo practitioner. She competed in the women's Strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Belbiță is a former world and European kempo champion, as well RXF and KSW championships challenger.
Meridian Highway Bridge
The Meridian Highway Bridge is a bridge that formerly carried U.S. Route 81 across the Missouri River between Nebraska and South Dakota. The Meridian Highway Bridge connects Yankton, South Dakota with rural Cedar County, Nebraska. The Meridian Bridge is a double-deck bridge, with the top level having carried traffic into South Dakota from Nebraska, and the lower level having carried traffic into Nebraska from South Dakota. It was closed to all traffic in 2008, but reopened for use only by pedestrians and bicycles in 2011.

Cedar County, Nebraska
Cedar County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 8,380. The county seat is Hartington. The county was formed in 1857, and was named for the Cedar tree groves in the area. In the Nebraska license plate system, Cedar County is represented by the prefix 13 (it had the 13th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).
Hendrik van den Bergh (count)
Hendrik van den Bergh, c. 1573 to 22 May 1638, was a professional soldier and lord of Stevensweert, in Limburg. From 1618 to 1637 he was also stadtholder of Upper Guelders, the only part of Guelders to remain loyal to Habsburg Spain during the Eighty Years War.

A brave and resourceful cavalry commander, he spent most of his career with the Spanish Army of Flanders and became its Maestre de campo in 1628. Accused of treachery after the loss of Den Bosch in 1629, he defected to the Dutch Republic following the 1632 Conspiracy of Nobles.

Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch
The siege of 's-Hertogenbosch also known as the siege of Bois-Le-Duc was an action in 1629, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War in which a Dutch army captured the city of 's-Hertogenbosch. The city had been loyal to the King of Spain since 1579 and was part of the Spanish Netherlands.
Jessica Paré
Jessica Paré (born December 5, 1980) is a Canadian actress and musician known for her co-starring roles on the AMC series Mad Men and the CBS series SEAL Team. She has also appeared in the films Stardom (2000), Lost and Delirious (2001), Wicker Park (2004), Suck (2009), Hot Tub Time Machine (2010), and Brooklyn (2015).

Suck (film)
Suck is a 2009 vampire black comedy horror film starring, written and directed by Rob Stefaniuk. Stefaniuk stars alongside Canadian actress Jessica Paré, Nicole de Boer (Stefaniuk's castmate from the TV series Catwalk), Malcolm McDowell and rock artists Alice Cooper, Iggy Pop, Henry Rollins and Alex Lifeson of Rush. Production took place in and around Toronto in late 2008.
Operation Courageous
Operation Courageous was a military operation performed by the United Nations Command (UN) during the Korean War designed to trap large numbers of Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) and Korean People's Army (KPA) troops between the Han and Imjin Rivers north of Seoul, opposite the Republic of Korea Army (ROK) I Corps. The intent of Operation Courageous was for US I Corps, which was composed of the US 25th and 3rd Infantry Divisions and the ROK 1st Infantry Division, to advance quickly on the PVA/KPA forces and reach the Imjin River with all possible speed.

Operation Rugged
Operation Rugged was a military operation performed by the United Nations Command (UN) during the Korean War designed to advance the UN lines to positions north of the 38th Parallel designated the Kansas Line. The operation would be the first phase of the advance, being immediately succeeded by Operation Dauntless which would take the UN forces to the Wyoming Line 10 miles (16 km) to 20 miles (32 km) north of the 38th Parallel. The operation resulted in a UN victory.
Yakushima
Yakushima (屋久島) is one of the Ōsumi Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 504.88 km2 (194.94 sq mi) in area, has a population of 11,858. It is accessible by hydrofoil ferry, car ferry, or by air to Yakushima Airport.

The island is part of the town (chō) of Yakushima, which includes the neighbouring island of Kuchinoerabujima. 42% of the island is within the borders of the Yakushima National Park.

As of 2021, Yakushima's electricity generation was more than 99% hydroelectric, and surplus power has been used to produce hydrogen gas in an experiment by Kagoshima University. The island has been a test site for Honda's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle research.

Tanegashima
Tanegashima (種子島; Japanese pronunciation: [ta.ne.ɡaꜜ.ɕi.ma, -ne.ŋaꜜ-]) is one of the Ōsumi Islands belonging to Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The island, 444.99 km2 (171.81 sq mi) in area, is the second largest of the Ōsumi Islands, and has a population of 33,000 people. Access to the island is by ferry, or by air to New Tanegashima Airport. Administratively, the island is divided into the city, Nishinoomote, and the two towns, Nakatane and Minamitane. The towns belong to Kumage District.
Susana Kochesok
Susana Arkadyevna Kochesok (Russian: Сусана Аркадьевна Кочесок; born 25 February 1995) is a Russian trampoline gymnast. At the 2019 World Championships, she won a gold medal in the all-around team event and a silver medal in the synchronized event. She won two gold medals at the 2021 European Championships. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics and placed seventh.

Iana Lebedeva
Iana Andreevna Lebedeva (Russian: Яна Андреевна Лебедева; born 19 December 2001) is a Russian trampoline gymnast. She is the 2021 European champion and 2021 World bronze medalist in the individual event. She represented the Russian Olympic Committee at the 2020 Olympics and finished 11th during the qualification round of the trampoline competition.
Monosodium citrate
Monosodium citrate, more correctly, sodium dihydrogen citrate (Latin: natrium citricum acidulatum), is an acid salt of citric acid. Disodium citrate and trisodium citrate are also known. It can be prepared by partial neutralisation of citric acid with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or carbonate. It has a slightly acidic taste.

NaHCO3 + C6H8O7 → NaC6H7O7  + CO2  + H2O

Na2CO3 + 2C6H8O7 → 2NaC6H7O7  + CO2  + H2O

It is highly soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol. Monosodium citrate is used as an anticoagulant in blood samples. It is used as an alkalinizing agent to prevent kidney stone disease. The crystals form as nearly perfect cubes.

Trisodium citrate
Trisodium citrate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na3C6H5O7. It is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart taste, and is a mild base.
Virginia State Route 231
State Route 231 (SR 231) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 49.82 miles (80.18 km) from SR 22 in Cismont north to U.S. Route 522 (US 522) near Sperryville. SR 231 forms part of the connection between Charlottesville and Gordonsville, where the highway meets US 15 and US 33.

The state highway also serves as the main north–south highway of Madison County, connecting the county seat of Madison, where the highway intersects US 29, with Gordonsville to the south and passing through the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the north. Almost all of SR 231 is a Virginia Byway.

U.S. Route 15 in Virginia
U.S. Route 15 (US 15) is a part of the United States Numbered Highway System that runs from Walterboro, South Carolina, to Painted Post, New York. In Virginia, the U.S. Highway runs 230.37 miles (370.74 km) from the North Carolina state line near Clarksville north to the Maryland state line at the Potomac River near Lucketts. US 15 is a major north–south highway through the Piedmont of Virginia, connecting Clarksville and Farmville in Southside with Culpeper, Warrenton, and Leesburg in Northern Virginia.
Edward Tolfrey
Edward Tolfrey (c. 1784 – 9 August 1821) was the eighth Civil Auditor General of British Ceylon.

Born in England, he was a cousin of William Tolfrey, also a civil servant in Ceylon.

He went out to Ceylon in 1801 and filled a number of civic appointments before going home to England on leave in 1812. On his return in 1813 he became Deputy Controller-General of Customs (1813) and Commissioner of Stamps (1814) before being made Controller-General of Customs and Commissioner of Stamps (1816).

He was appointed Civil Auditor General in 1816, succeeding John D'Oyly, and held the office until 1817, when he was succeeded by John William Carrington.

In January, 1820 he was appointed Judicial Commissioner of Kandy.

He died in Kandy, Ceylon in 1821 and was buried there. He had married Mary Anne; they had at least one son and one daughter.

John William Carrington
John William Carrington (1783 – 10 December 1857) was a British civil servant who was the ninth Civil Auditor General in Ceylon. He was appointed on 1 December 1817, succeeding E. Tolfrey, and held the office until 1823. He was succeeded by Henry Augustus Marshall.

He was born around 1783, the younger brother of Sir Codrington Edmund Carrington. He died on 10 December 1857 at his home at Cambridge Terrace, Hyde Park, London. His wife, Clara, 56, died later the same day.