hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Group 13
The Group 13 network (Polish: Trzynastka, Yiddish: דאָס דרײַצענטל) was a Jewish collaborationist organization in the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland in World War II. The rise and fall of the Group was likely a proxy for power struggles between various factions in the German military and bureaucracy, for their own financial benefit.

Jewish collaboration with Nazi Germany
Jewish collaboration with Nazis involved Jews working, voluntarily or involuntarily, with the regime of Nazi Germany, before and during World War II.

Collaboration included Jewish groups who supported the Nazis' ascent to power, Jewish institutions in Nazi-created ghettos, Jewish agents working for the German secret services, and Zionist groups collaborating with Germany to facilitate European Jews emigration.

After the end of the war, alleged Jewish collaborators were put on trial in Israel, Europe and the Soviet Union.

The exact nature and extent of Jewish collaboration remains controversial.
The Mills, Hong Kong
The Mills (Chinese: 南豐紗廠), formerly known as Nan Fung Cotton Mills, located at No. 45 Pak Tin Par Street, Chai Wan Kok, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong, was founded in 1954 by Chen Din Hwa, known as the "King of Cotton Yarn", founder of Nan Fung Group. The total floor area is 24,500 square meters, making it the highest producing textile factory in Hong Kong at the time. Subsequently, Unit 1 to Unit 3 were dismantled after the filming of the fire scene in the 1997 Hong Kong film Lifeline and became the private residential estate Summit Terrace, while Unit 4 to Unit 6 ceased operation in 2008 and were converted into warehouses.

In 2014, Nan Fung Cotton Mills began revitalization works, and after completion of the project on December 6, 2018, it opened with spaces for work, a textile cultural and arts center, retail areas, and recreational spaces.

Chai Wan Kok
Chai Wan Kok (Chinese: 柴灣角) is an area in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong. It is located at the west end of Tsuen Wan Town. While its southeast is industrial area, its hilly northeast and coastal southwest are residential. It is on the main access between Tuen Mun and Tsuen Wan.

According to the book Hong Kong monuments (Chinese: 香港文物), published in 1991 by the Hong Kong regional council, there were antiques traced back to around five thousand years, there were also antiques traced back to the Western Han dynasty and Eastern Han dynasty.
Altar of Zeus Agoraios
The Altar of Zeus Agoraios (meaning Zeus of the Agora) is an altar dating to the 4th century BC located north-west of the Ancient Agora of Athens, constructed from white marble, 9m deep and 5.5m wide.

It was one of the first objects to be discovered inside the Agora during the excavations of 1931. Evidence of marks done by masons from the Augustan period show that it was moved from an initial source later identified as the Pnyx located outside the ancient Agora.

One of the excavators of the Agora, T. L Shear Jr., noted:

it may not be coincidence that Zeus, whose special task it was to govern the political assemblies of the Athenians, should depart the Pnyx at just the time when Augustus is said to have curtailed sharply the powers of those same assemblies.

Ancient Agora of Athens
The Ancient Agora of Athens (also called the Classical Agora) is an ancient Greek agora. It is located to the northwest of the Acropolis, and bounded on the south by the hill of the Areopagus and on the west by the hill known as the Agoraios Kolonos, also called Market Hill. The Agora's initial use was for a commercial, assembly, or residential gathering place.
Jõgeva County
Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgeva maakond or Jõgevamaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is located in the eastern part of the country, and it borders Ida-Viru County to the northeast, Lake Peipus to the east, Tartu County to the south, Viljandi County to the southwest, Järva County to the northwest, and Lääne-Viru County to the north.

Lääne-Viru County
Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Viru maakond or Lääne-Virumaa) is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, lääne means 'western' and ida means 'east' or 'eastern'. Lääne-Viru borders Ida-Viru County to the east, Jõgeva County to the south, and Järva and Harju counties to the west. In January 2013, Lääne-Viru County had a population of 58,806, or 4.5% of the population of Estonia.
Russo-Kazan Wars
The Russo-Kazan Wars were a series of short, intermittent wars fought between the Grand Principality of Moscow and the Khanate of Kazan between 1437 and 1556. Most of these were wars of succession in Kazan, in which Muscovy intervened on behalf of the dynastic interests of its main ally, the Crimean Khanate. For most of the period, neither side sought to conquer the other, until Ivan the Terrible decided to annex Kazan upon the successful 1552 siege, which was followed by a rebellion lasting until 1556.

Qasim Khanate
The Qasim Khanate (also called Qasimov, Kasimov, or Kasim), also known as the Tsardom of Kasimov (Russian: Касимовское царство), was a Tatar-ruled khanate which existed from 1452 until 1681 on the territory of the Russian state. It was located within modern-day Ryazan Oblast with its capital at Kasimov, in the middle course of the Oka River.

It was initially in the sphere of influence of the Grand Principality of Moscow and then was dependent on the Tsardom of Russia. The khanate was established in the lands which Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow (r. 1425–1462) presented in 1452 to the Kazan prince Qasim Khan (d. 1469), son of the first Kazan khan Olug Moxammat.
Paraguayan Athletics Championships
The Campeonato de la Victoria or Torneo de la Victoria is Paraguay's most important national athletics competition, disputed annually since 1950. The Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo's calendar consists of several national evaluative athletics competitions disputed throughout the year and culminates with the Championship of the Victoria.

The competition is contested by athletes registered with clubs affiliated with the Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo. All competitions under the Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo take place at the Secretaria Nacional de Deportes, located in the city of Asunción.

The 2016 edition was disputed at the Olympic Stadium based at the Paraguayan Olympic Committee in the city of Luque.

2016 Paraguayan Athletics Championships
The 2016 Campeonato de la Victoria or 2016 Torneo de la Victoria will be held at the Paraguayan Olympic Committee in Luque, organized by Federación Paraguaya de Atletismo. It will be the 66th edition.

The competition serves as the Paraguayan Athletics Championships in track and field for the Republic of Paraguay, being the country's most important national athletics competitions.
Keven Wood
Keven Wood (born August 21, 1984) is an American former professional stock car racing driver who is the grandson of Glen Wood, and currently serves as an Executive Vice President and Co-Owner of Wood Brothers Racing.  The son of Len Wood (Glen's son), he is the cousin of Jon Wood (Eddie's brother).  Glen Wood was a NASCAR Hall of Famer who founded Wood Brothers Racing.

Wood Brothers Racing
Wood Brothers Racing is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series. The team was formed in 1950 by brothers Ray Lee, Clay, Delano, Glen, and Leonard Wood. Today, it is owned by the children and grandchildren of Glen Wood—Len Wood, Eddie Wood, Kim Hall, Jon Wood, Jordan Hicks, Brent Wood and Keven Wood.  From 2006 to 2008, the team was merged with Tad and Jodi Geschickter's JTG Racing. The Wood Brothers Racing Team holds the unique distinction of being the oldest active team in NASCAR, having fielded cars since 1950. They are known for their long relationship with Ford Motor Company, and the long-standing use of the number 21 on their main car. The team currently fields the No. 21 Ford Mustang full-time for Josh Berry and has a technical alliance with Team Penske.
Whitehead problem
In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, the Whitehead problem is the following question:

Is every abelian group A with Ext1(A, Z) = 0 a free abelian group?

Saharon Shelah proved that Whitehead's problem is independent of ZFC, the standard axioms of set theory.

Axiom of constructibility
The axiom of constructibility is a possible axiom for set theory in mathematics that asserts that every set is constructible. The axiom is usually written as V = L, where V represents the von Neumann universe of all well-founded sets, and L represents the constructible sets. In Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF), the property of being constructible is expressible as a single formula , and every set is in V, so the axiom can be written in the language of ZF in the form .

The axiom of constructibility, first investigated by Kurt Gödel, is inconsistent with the proposition that zero sharp exists and stronger large cardinal axioms (see list of large cardinal properties). Generalizations of this axiom are explored in inner model theory.
ALGS Year 3
The 2022–23 Apex Legends Global Series (ALGS) season or ALGS Year 3 was the third season of ALGS play. The series is organized by the game's publisher and developer, Electronic Arts (EA) and Respawn Entertainment, respectively.

The season ran from preseason qualifiers in October 2022 through the 2023 ALGS Championship in September 2023. The tournament encompassed five regions: North America (NA), South America (SA), Asia–Pacific North (APAC North), Asia–Pacific South (APAC South), and Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA).

ImperialHal
Phillip Dosen (born May 31, 1999), better known by his online alias and gaming handle ImperialHal (or simply Hal), is an American professional Apex Legends player currently playing for Team Falcons.

Nicknamed "the CEO", Hal played as the In-Game Leader (IGL) for Team SoloMid (TSM) from 2019 to 2024. With TSM, he won three Apex Legends Global Series (ALGS) LAN tournaments, including the 2023 ALGS Championship. He left TSM in 2024 and was signed to Team Falcons, a Saudi esports organization.
Alexandria Library sit-in
The Alexandria Library sit-in was one of the first staged sit-in actions in the United States, pioneering the use of nonviolent direct action to demand equal rights for African Americans. On August 21, 1939, five Black men sat down inside the Alexandria Public Library and quietly read books, a transgression of the library's "whites only" policy. Their actions were coordinated by Alexandria attorney Samuel Wilbert Tucker, who planned the action to create a test case challenging the library's racial segregation policy. The men were escorted out of the library by police and charged with disorderly conduct. At a bench trial, a judge declined to make a ruling in the case. In October 2019, all charges against the men were formally dismissed. The Alexandria sit-in is one of the earliest precursors in the U.S. of the strategies used during the civil rights movement.

Sit-in
A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move unless their demands are met. The often clearly visible demonstrations are intended to spread awareness among the public, or disrupt the goings-on of the protested organization. Lunch counter sit-ins were a nonviolent form of protest used to oppose segregation during the 1954–1968 civil rights movement in the United States, and often provoked heckling and violence from those opposed to their message.
Mendooran
Mendooran (pronunciation: men-door-an) is a small town adjacent to the Castlereagh River in the Warrumbungle Shire of central western New South Wales, Australia. The town lies at an altitude of 271 metres above sea level, 348 kilometres west of Sydney, 75 kilometres from Dubbo and 71 kilometres southeast of Coonabarabran. At the 2021 census, Mendooran had a population of 275 people. The Castlereagh Highway also runs through the town, changing its name to Bandulla Street in the centre.

Warrumbungle Shire
The Warrumbungle Shire is a local government area in the central western region of New South Wales, Australia. The Shire is traversed by the Newell Highway. The Warrumbungle mountain range and Warrumbungles National Park are major tourist attractions for the Shire. Its seat is located in Coonabarabran, a town in the southwest.

The mayor of Warrumbungle Shire Council is Cr. Kathryn Rindfleish, who is unaligned with any political party.

The Warrumbungle Shire local government area sits on Gamilaraay land to the north-east, Wiradjuri land to the south, and Weilwan land to the west.
Intergenerationality
Intergenerationality is interaction between members of different generations.
Sociologists study many intergenerational issues, including equity, conflict, and mobility.

Public health researchers and toxicologists may study the intergenerational impact of toxicants of radioactive fallout from generation to generation.

Cycle of violence
The term cycle of violence refers to repeated and dangerous acts of violence  as a cyclical pattern,  associated with high emotions and doctrines of retribution or revenge.  The pattern, or cycle, repeats and can happen many times during a relationship. Each phase may last a different length of time, and over time the level of violence may increase. The phrase has been increasingly widespread since first popularized in the 1970s.

It often refers to violent behaviour learned as a child, and then repeated as an adult, therefore continuing on in a perceived cycle.
Troy Park
Troy Park is a regional park comprising 101 acres in Elkridge, Maryland. The park is located at 6500 Mansion Lane off Washington Boulevard, near the intersection of Maryland Route 100 and I-95.

Troy Park currently features several athletic fields, a playground, and trails. Once completed, the park will include pathways, comfort stations, an indoor sports complex, a community center, and a newly renovated Troy Mansion. All phases of the park's construction are expected to be finished by 2018.

Elkridge, Maryland
Elkridge is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Howard County, Maryland, United States. Elkridge is a rapidly growing area; between the 2010 and the 2020 census, the population had grown from 15,593 to 25,171. Founded early in the 18th century, Elkridge is adjacent to two other counties, Anne Arundel and Baltimore.
Menengai
Menengai Crater is a massive shield volcano with one of the biggest calderas in the world, in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya. It is the largest volcano caldera in Kenya and the second largest volcano caldera in Africa. Volcanic formed rich loam soils enrich the adjacent farmland around its flanks. 
The crater is on the floor of the Rift Valley. The volcano formed about 200,000 years ago and the prominent 12 x 8 km caldera formed about 8000 years ago. The caldera floor is covered with numerous post caldera lava flows.  
The Menengai volcano is considered one of the best-preserved Krakatau-style calderas in the world. 
Menengai has very little sediment in the caldera which is a thick mass of lava boulders and inaccessible ridges.
 Volcanic activity continues  and a current project under the GDC is at an advanced stage  towards geothermal power generation.

Menengai is 10 km (6 mi) north of Nakuru, the fourth-biggest city in Kenya.

Nakuru
Nakuru is a city in the Rift Valley region of Kenya. It is the capital of Nakuru County, and it is the fourth largest city in Kenya and the largest in the Rift Valley region. As of 2019, Nakuru had an urban population of 570,674, making it the largest urban center in the Rift Valley, above Eldoret, Uasin Gishu County. The city lies along the Nairobi–Nakuru Highway, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.
Twickenham by Moonlight
Twickenham by Moonlight is an 1835 landscape painting by the British artist Henry Pether.  It depicts a view of the River Thames looking towards Twickenham, now in Greater London but then some miles east of London. It captures the curve of the river and features the tower of St Mary's church on the left and Eel Pie Island on the right.

Henry was the son of Abraham Pether and brother of Sebastian, both noted landscape artists themselves. Twickenham had been a popular setting for landscape paintings since the late seventeenth century. These were generally panoramic or topographical views such as The Thames at Twickenham by Peter Tillemans. By contrast Pether's painting captures the Romantic style which was at its height at the time by displaying a view along the river by moonlight.

Today the painting is in the collection of  Orleans House, having been donated in 1962 by Nellie Ionides.

Henry Pether
Henry Pether (1800–1880) was an English landscape painter famous for his depiction of moonlit scenes of 19th century Britain, Paris, and Venice. His father Abraham and older brother Sebastian Pether also painted moonlit scenes. Together they were known as the "Moonlight Pethers". He was also an inventor of lamps, architectural materials, and tiles.
Doubanjiang
Doubanjiang (traditional Chinese: 豆瓣醬; simplified Chinese: 豆瓣酱; pinyin: dòubànjiàng, IPA: [tôʊpântɕjâŋ]), also known as douban, toban-djan, broad bean chili sauce, or fermented chili bean paste, is a hot and savory Chinese bean paste made from fermented broad beans (fava beans), chili peppers, soybeans, salt, and flour. Characteristically used in Sichuan cuisine, it has been called "the soul of Sichuan cuisine." Sichuan dishes such as mapo tofu, huoguo (Sichuan hotpot), yuxiang flavoring, and shuizhu all use doubanjiang as a key ingredient. Other regions have their own versions: in Guangdong and Taiwan, for instance, Sichuan doubanjiang is called la-doubanjiang (Chinese: 辣豆瓣醬, "la" (辣) meaning "hot" or "spicy") to distinguish it from plainer versions.

Yuxiang
Yuxiang (simplified Chinese: 鱼香; traditional Chinese: 魚香; pinyin: yúxiāng; lit. 'fish fragrance') is a seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine, and also refers to the resulting sauce in which meat or vegetables are cooked. It is said to have originated in Sichuan cuisine, and has since spread to other regional Chinese cuisines.

Despite the term literally meaning "fish fragrance" in Chinese, yuxiang contains no seafood and is typically not added to seafood.

On top of the basic mixture, cooking yuxiang almost always includes the use of sugar, vinegar, doubanjiang, soy sauce, and pickled chili peppers.
Trade union federation
Organizers within trade unions have sought to increase the bargaining power of workers in regards to collective bargaining by acting in collaboration with other trade unions. Multi-union organizing can take place on an informal basis, or on a more formal basis via an umbrella organization comprising multiple trade unions. Such umbrella organizations may be referred to as a trade union federation, trade union confederation, or trade union centre.

Strategic Organizing Center
The Strategic Organizing Center (SOC), formerly known as the Change to Win Federation (CtWF), is a North American national trade union center originally formed in 2005 as an alternative to the AFL-CIO. The coalition is associated with strong advocacy of the organizing model. The coalition currently consists of Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the United Farm Workers (UFW), and the Communications Workers of America (CWA), the former and latter of which are affiliated with both the SOC and the AFL-CIO. Michael Zucker is currently listed as the Executive Director of the organization since 2020.

The SOC also includes SOC Investment Group, a shareholder engagement arm of the SOC that challenges management of large, publicly traded companies targeted by the SOC's campaigns.
2019 Albania earthquake
On 26 November 2019 at 03:54 CET (UTC+1), northwestern Albania was struck by a magnitude 6.4 earthquake with an epicentre 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west-southwest of Mamurras. The earthquake lasted at least 50 seconds and was felt in Albania's capital Tirana, and in places as far away as Bari, Taranto and Belgrade, 370 kilometres (230 mi) northeast of the epicentre. The maximum felt intensity was VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. A total of 51 people were killed in the earthquake, with about 3,000 injured. It was the second earthquake to strike the region within three months. It was the strongest earthquake to hit Albania in more than 40 years, its deadliest earthquake in 99 years and the world's deadliest earthquake in 2019.

Kosovo Albanians
The Albanians of Kosovo (Albanian: Shqiptarët e Kosovës, pronounced [ʃcipˈtaɾət ɛ kɔˈsɔvəs]), commonly also called Kosovo Albanians, Kosovan Albanians or Kosovar Albanians,  are an ethnic Albanian population native to Kosovo and constitute the country's largest ethnic group. They belong to the Gheg dialectical sub-group of Albanians, because they speak Gheg Albanian. According to the 2024 national census by the ASK, Albanians comprise 91.8% of the population in Kosovo.
Bin County, Heilongjiang
Bin County, or Binxian (simplified Chinese: 宾县; traditional Chinese: 賓縣; pinyin: Bīn Xiàn), is a county of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang. Its seat is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of central Harbin. It borders Bayan County and Mulan County to the north, Fangzheng County to the east, Yanshou County to the southeast, Shangzhi to the south, Acheng District to the southwest, Daowai District to the west, and Hulan District to the northwest.

Bayan County
Bayan County (simplified Chinese: 巴彦县; traditional Chinese: 巴彦縣; pinyin: Bāyàn Xiàn) is a county of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang. It borders Mulan County to the east, Bin County to the south, Hulan District to the west, as well as the prefecture-level city of Suihua to the north.
Pipestone River (Kenora District)
The Pipestone River is a river in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is a major tributary of Winisk River via Wunnummin Lake. This pristine river flows through the rugged wilderness of Ontario's northern boreal forest, and drains into Wunnummin Lake.

The river has extensive whitewater sections, including 37 sets of rapids ranging from Class 1 to 5+. The portion of the river from Nord Road (formerly Highway 808) to its mouth is protected in the Pipestone River Provincial Park. Because of its remoteness and lack of facilities and services, canoeists require well-skilled wilderness and whitewater experience.

At Misamikwash Lake (formerly known as Big Beaver Lake), the Hudson's Bay Company operated a fur trading post and outpost called Big Beaver House, that operated from 1911 to 1965. It was established by William King Oman as an outpost in 1911 and became a full trading post in 1945. In 1948, a store and warehouse were built. It closed in 1965 and moved its business to Wunnummin Lake.

Winisk River
The Winisk River is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, that starts at Wunnummin Lake and flows east to Winisk Lake.  From there it continues in a mostly northerly direction to Hudson Bay. The Winisk River is 475 kilometres (295 mi) long and has a drainage basin of 67,300 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi). The name is from Cree origin meaning "groundhog".

The river is remote and not accessible by road. Only a few isolated communities are along the river: Wunnumin Lake First Nation (on same lake), Webequie (on Winisk Lake) and Peawanuck, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from its end. It is characterized by strong currents and whitewater while flowing off the Canadian Shield into the Hudson Bay lowlands. Here the river becomes broad.