hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
XLVII Panzer Corps
XLVII Panzer Corps (also: 47th Panzer Corps or XXXXVII. Panzerkorps or XXXXVII Panzer Corps) was a panzer corps of the German Army in World War II that was formerly designated as XLVII Corps. Various formations of the corps fought in the French campaign of 1940, in the invasion of Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944, and on the Western Front from June 1944 until April 1945.

Panzer corps
A panzer corps (German: Panzerkorps) was an armoured corps type in Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht during World War II.  The name was introduced in 1941, when the  motorised corps (Armeekorps (mot) or AK(mot)) were renamed to panzer corps. Panzer corps were created throughout the war, and existed in the Army, the Waffen-SS and even the Luftwaffe. Those renamed from ordinary motorised corps retained their numbering.
Daiya
Daiya Foods Inc. is a Canada-based dairy-alternative food company located in Burnaby, British Columbia. The company was established in 2008 by Andre Kroecher and Greg Blake. Daiya's original products are cheese analogues made from coconut oil and tapioca flour that are known for their cheese-like consistency and melting properties. They contain no animal products or soy, lactose, wheat, barley, gluten, or nuts.

Daiya is sold in natural and conventional food stores in many countries including Canada, the US, the UK, Australia, Mexico, and Hong Kong. Its products are featured on restaurant menus and in packaged food products made by Amy's Kitchen and Turtle Island Foods. Daiya has won many awards for its products, including the 2009 Veggie Award for Product of the Year. In 2011, BC Business magazine named Daiya one of the 20 most innovative companies in British Columbia.

In July 2017, Otsuka Pharmaceutical agreed to acquire 100 percent of Daiya Foods for $405 million.

Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (大塚製薬株式会社, Ōtsuka Seiyaku Kabushiki-gaisha), abbreviated OPC, is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company was established on August 10, 1964.
Act of Defiance
Act of Defiance was an American heavy metal supergroup from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2014 by guitarist Chris Broderick and drummer Shawn Drover of Megadeth after they both resigned from the band on the same day, vocalist Henry Derek (ex-Scar the Martyr and ex-Thrown into Exile) and bassist Matt Bachand (Shadows Fall guitarist and current Living Wreckage bassist). In 2019, guitarist Chris Broderick joined In Flames as a touring member. During the length of the Covid-19 pandemic, Act of Defiance stayed inactive. Through an interview in July 2023, Drover stated that the band had come to a close at point of Chris Broderick joining In Flames as a permanent member.

Thrown into Exile
Thrown Into Exile is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles. They got their first break in 2012 when they were able to win the "Road to Mayhem" competition to secure a slot performing on the same bill as bands Slipknot, Motörhead, Anthrax, and Slayer. The band has opened for a number of notable bands including Sepultura, Fear Factory, Chimaira, All Shall Perish, Testament, Morbid Angel, and more.
Jim Cheng
James Su-ting Cheng (born July 20, 1960) is an American businessman who served as Secretary of Commerce and Trade under Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell. Cheng was born in Taipei, Taiwan and emigrated to the United States with his parents at the age of three. He attended Old Dominion University, the University of Virginia Darden School of Business, and Georgetown University Law Center.

Virginia Secretary of Commerce
The secretary of commerce and trade is a member of the Virginia Governor's Cabinet. The office is currently held by Carrie H. Chenery, appointed on January 12, 2026, serving under Governor Abigail Spanberger.
Moose Temple (Fond du Lac, Wisconsin)
The Moose Temple is a historic Loyal Order of Moose clubhouse in downtown Fond du Lac, Wisconsin completed in 1924. The National Register of Historic Places listed the structure, now known as the City Center Lofts, in 1993.

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
Fond du Lac (/ˈfɒndəlæk/ ⓘ) is a city in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is at the southern end of Lake Winnebago and had a population of 44,678 at the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the Fond du Lac metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Fond du Lac County and had 104,154 residents in 2020.
Marcin Held
Marcin Held (born January 18, 1992) is a Polish mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight division of Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki (KSW). He is currently ranked #2 in the KSW Lightweight rankings. He formerly competed in the Lightweight division of the Absolute Championship Berkut, Professional Fighters League, and Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA competitor since 2008, Held has competed frequently in his home country of Poland and is highly touted by the media, often being regarded as "the prodigy of Polish MMA". He fought in Bellator MMA from 2010 to 2016, challenging for the Bellator Lightweight Championship in 2015.

2011 in Bellator MMA
2011 in Bellator MMA was the fourth installment of the Bellator Fighting Championships. Mixed martial arts tournaments were held in multiple weight classes, including three of the original tournament classes: Welterweight, Lightweight and Featherweight. There was also an inaugural Light Heavyweight Tournament taking place during this season, which crowned the first Light Heavyweight Champion in Bellator. This was the first season to air on MTV2.
Brett Halsey
Brett Halsey (born Charles Oliver Hand; June 20, 1933) is an American former film actor, sometimes credited as Montgomery Ford. He appeared in B pictures and in European-made feature films. He originated the role of John Abbott on the soap opera The Young and the Restless (from May 1980 to March 1981).

Halsey is a great-nephew of the United States Navy Admiral William F. Halsey Jr., also known as Bull Halsey, commander of the Pacific Allied naval forces during World War II. Universal Pictures selected Brett Halsey's acting name from the admiral.

Today We Kill... Tomorrow We Die!
Today We Kill... Tomorrow We Die!  (Italian: Oggi a me... domani a te) also known as Today It's Me... Tomorrow You!, is a 1968 Spaghetti Western film. It is the directorial debut of Tonino Cervi, who co-wrote the film with Dario Argento.
S-Nitrosothiol
In organic chemistry, S-nitrosothiols, also known as thionitrites, are organic compounds or functional groups containing a nitroso group attached to the sulfur atom of a thiol. S-Nitrosothiols have the general formula R−S−N=O, where R denotes an organic group.

S-Nitrosothiols have received much attention in biochemistry because they serve as donors of both the nitrosonium ion NO+ and of nitric oxide and thus best rationalize the chemistry of NO-based signaling in living systems, especially related to vasodilation. Red blood cells, for instance, carry an essential reservoir of S-nitrosohemoglobin and release S-nitrosothiols into the bloodstream under low-oxygen conditions, causing the blood vessels to dilate.

Nitrosation and nitrosylation
Nitrosation and nitrosylation are two names for the process of converting organic compounds or metal complexes into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R−NO functionality.  The synonymy arises because the R-NO functionality can be interpreted two different ways, depending on the physico-chemical environment:

Nitrosylation interprets the process as adding a nitrosyl radical NO•.  Nitrosylation commonly occurs in the context of a metal (e.g. iron) or a thiol, leading to nitrosyl iron Fe−NO (e.g., in nitrosylated heme = nitrosylheme) or S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).

Nitrosation interprets the process as adding a nitrosonium ion NO+.  Nitrosation commonly occurs with amines (–NH2), leading to a nitrosamine.

There are multiple chemical mechanisms by which this can be achieved, including enzymes and chemical synthesis.
Stroganov Letopis
The Stroganov Letopis, also known under the name "On Capturing of the Siberian Land" (Строгановская летопись, "О взятии Сибирской земли" in Russian) is one of the earliest Siberian Letopises.

There is no unanimous opinion in the Russian scientific community with regards to the exact date of this letopis compilation. It is generally considered that it was written either in 1620–1630 or 1668–1673. Some historians believe that parts of the Stroganov Letopis are based on the Yesipov Letopis, which was written in 1636. The Stroganov Letopis is based on annalistic data (which didn't survive to this day) and materials of the Stroganovs' archives, including their correspondence with Yermak's druzhina. The Stroganov Letopis tells in great detail about the events of the early stage of the annexation of Siberia by Russia. The Stroganovs' initiative to organize Yermak's campaign is put in the forefront in this letopis.

Rus' chronicles
The Rus' chronicles, or Russian chronicles,: 51  was the primary Rus' historical literature. Chronicles were composed from the 11th to the 18th centuries.

Chronicles were the main historical narrative until the mid-16th century (the reign of Ivan the Terrible), when they were superseded by chronographs.
Kawingasaurus
Kawingasaurus is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian Usili Formation of Tanzania. It is a member of the family Cistecephalidae, and like other cistecephalids it is thought to have been fossorial. It is a member of the family Cistecephalidae. Cistephalidae includes genera Cisteceohalus, Cistecephaloides and Kawingasaurus.  Greek for Saurus meaning "lizard" appears as a suffix denoting a reptilian origin. Living between 254.17 and 259.9 million years ago in the late Permian and believed to have the first and last recorded appearance in this time period. It lived in deep burrows as a suggested by most burrowing dicynodonts from evaluation of cranial sutures, vestibule inflation and enlarged stapes foot plates which are thought to be functionally correlated with bone-conduction hearing; all observed in fossorial vertebrates which use seismic signals as communication.

Cistecephalidae
Cistecephalidae is an extinct family of dicynodont therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa, India and Zambia. It includes the genera Cistecephalus, Cistecephaloides, and Kawingasaurus. Cistecephalids are thought to have had a fossorial or burrowing lifestyle, with adaptations such as broad skulls, strong forelimbs, and squat bodies. A similar group of dicynodonts called the pylaecephalids were also fossorial, although to a lesser extent than cistecephalids. Cistecephalids showed a high level of endemism, with each of the five known species unique to a single region.
McAdoo, Pennsylvania
McAdoo is a borough and coal town in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States, 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Hazleton and seven miles north of Tamaqua. McAdoo contains the picturesque Silver Brook Meadow. In the past, anthracite coal mining and a shirt factory, the McAdoo Manufacturing Company, provided gainful employment to the populace. The population was 2,477 at the 2020 census.

Hazleton, Pennsylvania
Hazleton is a city in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 29,963 at the 2020 census. Hazleton is the second-most populous city in Luzerne County. It was incorporated as a borough on January 5, 1857, and as a city on December 4, 1891.

Hazleton is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Allentown, 82 miles (132 km) north-northwest of Philadelphia and 106 miles (171 km) west of New York City.
Berry's Wood
Berry's Wood is an Iron Age hill fort situated close to Newton Abbot in Devon, England. The fort is situated at about 75 metres above sea level on a commanding promontory above the River Lemon with views down the Teign Estuary. It lies on the hilltop above Bradley Manor.

The fort was first described in print in 1950 by Aileen Fox, who said that its defences consist of a single limestone rampart and a ditch. Its main entrance at the south-eastern end is approached by a sunken lane, and at the north-western end there is a postern. It encloses an area of about 11 acres and the remains of huts can be seen inside.

Newton Abbot
Newton Abbot is a market town and civil parish on the River Teign in the Teignbridge District of Devon, England. Its population was 24,029 in 2011, and was estimated at 26,655 in 2019. It grew rapidly in the Victorian era as the home of the South Devon Railway locomotive works. This later became a major steam engine shed, retained to service British Railways diesel locomotives until 1981. It now houses the Brunel industrial estate. The town has a race course nearby, the most westerly in England, and a country park, Decoy. It is twinned with Besigheim in Germany and Ay in France.
Little River State Beach
Little River State Beach is a protected beach of California, United States, in Humboldt County.  It is located at the mouth of the Little River, 13 miles (21 km) north of Eureka right off U.S. Route 101.  The 152-acre (62 ha) park was established in 1931.

The site is a broad, open beach that contains sand dunes.  The Little River forms the north boundary of the beach.  It is open for day-use only, but the adjacent Clam Beach County Park provides camping. Hammond Trail provides bicycle and pedestrian access to Clam Beach County Park from McKinleyville, California.

Hammond Trail
The Hammond Trail is a northern California rail trail along the Pacific coast in Humboldt County.  The 5.5 mi (8.9 km) hiking and biking trail follows the historic Hammond Lumber Company's Humboldt Northern Railway grade from the Mad River to Little River State Beach.
Western League (1885–1899)
The Western League was the name of several minor league baseball leagues that operated between 1885 and 1899. These leagues were focused mainly in the Midwestern United States.

The 1893 incarnation of the league hired Ban Johnson as president in 1894.  In 1899, Johnson renamed it the American League and declared that it was now a major league, intending to compete against the older National League of 1876, which was centered in the American Northeast states.

Denver Bears (Western League)
The Denver Bears (also periodically known as the Grizzlies, Mountaineers or Mountain Lions) were a minor league baseball team from Denver, Colorado, that played primarily in the Western League. They were founded in 1885 and played in the Colorado State League before moving to the Western League a year later and also adopting a team name. The franchise began playing at Larimer Street Baseball Park and played at a few other ballparks before ultimately moving to Mile High Stadium. The 1911 Grizzlies were recognized as one of the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. The Bears were affiliated with four MLB teams from 1932 to 1954 before being replaced in 1955 by an American Association team of the same name that would eventually relocate to New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1993.
Zaprinast
Zaprinast was an unsuccessful clinical drug candidate that was a precursor to the chemically related PDE5 inhibitors, such as sildenafil (Viagra), which successfully reached the market. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for the subtypes PDE5, PDE6, PDE9 and PDE11.  IC50 values are 0.76, 0.15, 29.0, and 12.0 μM, respectively.

Zaprinast inhibits the growth of asexual blood-stage malaria parasites (P. falciparum) in vitro with an ED50 value of 35 μM, and inhibits PfPDE1, a P. falciparum cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, with an IC50 value of 3.8 μM.

Zaprinast has also been shown to activate the orphan G-protein coupled receptor known as GPR35, both in rats and humans, and to inhibit the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier.

PDE5 inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a vasodilating drug that works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. These drugs dilate the corpora cavernosa of the penis, facilitating erection with sexual stimulation, and are used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Sildenafil was the first effective oral treatment available for ED. Because PDE5 is also present in the smooth muscle of the walls of the arterioles within the lungs, two PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, are FDA-approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. As of 2019, the wider cardiovascular benefits of PDE5 inhibitors are being appreciated.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS or FWS) is a U.S. federal government agency within the United States Department of the Interior which oversees the management of fish, wildlife, and natural habitats in the United States. The mission of the agency is: "working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people".

National Marine Fisheries Service
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), informally known as NOAA Fisheries, is a United States federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that is responsible for the stewardship of U.S. national marine resources. It conserves and manages fisheries to promote sustainability and prevent lost economic potential associated with overfishing, declining species, and degraded habitats.
Yuanyang County, Yunnan
Yuanyang County (simplified Chinese: 元阳县; traditional Chinese: 元陽縣; pinyin: Yuányáng Xiàn; Hani: Yeiqyaq) is located in Honghe Prefecture in southeastern Yunnan province, China, along the Red River. It is well known for its spectacular rice-paddy terracing. In 2013, part of the county formed the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces World Heritage Site, the 45th World Heritage Site in China.

Asuo language
Asuo (Chinese: 阿梭; also called Asong 阿松) is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Asuo is spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County, Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, Lüchun County, Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County, and Yuanyang County, Yunnan.

Lefèvre-Pontalis (1892) reports the presence of Asong in Poufang, Lai Chau province, Vietnam, and provides a word list for Asong as well.
Dog violet
Dog violet is the common name for various species of the plant genus Viola with unscented flowers. The term arose to differentiate them from the scented sweet violet. Species so named include:

Viola canina – heath dog violet

Viola labradorica (syn. V. conspersa) – American dog or alpine violet

Viola reichenbachiana – early dog violet

Viola riviniana – common dog violet

The roots and seeds of this plant are toxic and should not be eaten.
A number of species in the genus Erythronium in the family Liliaceae are sometimes referred to as "dog's-tooth violet".

Viola (plant)
Viola, commonly known as the violets, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus in the family, containing over 680 species. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes.

Some Viola species are perennial plants, some are annual plants, and a few are small shrubs. Many species, varieties and cultivars are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers. In horticulture, the term pansy is normally used for those multi-colored large-flowered cultivars which are raised annually or biennially from seed and used extensively in bedding.
TW Hydrae
TW Hydrae is a T Tauri star approximately 196 light-years away in the constellation of Hydra (the Sea Serpent). TW Hydrae is about 80% of the mass of the Sun, but is only about 5-10 million years old. The star appears to be accreting from a protoplanetary disk of dust and gas, oriented face-on to Earth, which has been resolved in images from the ALMA observatory. TW Hydrae is accompanied by about twenty other low-mass stars with similar ages and spatial motions, comprising the "TW Hydrae association" or TWA, one of the closest regions of recent "fossil" star-formation to the Sun.

TW Hydrae association
The TW Hydrae association is a group of very young low-mass stars and substellar objects located approximately 25–75 parsecs (80–240 light years) from Earth. They share a common motion and appear to all be roughly the same age, 10±3 million years old. It is the youngest such association within 100 pc from Earth.

As of 2017, 42 objects (in 23 systems) are assigned to the association confidently, and several dozens — uncertainly. Masses of its known members vary from 5 Jupiter masses to 2 solar masses, and their spectral types vary from A0 to L7.

Some of the best studied members of this stellar association are TW Hydrae (nearest known accreting T Tauri star to the Earth), HR 4796 (an A-type star with resolved dusty debris disk; the most massive known group member), HD 98800 (a quadruple star system with debris disk), and 2M1207 (accreting brown dwarf with remarkable planetary-mass companion 2M1207b).

Included in the association is WISEA 1147, which is a brown dwarf.
31st G8 summit
The 31st G8 summit was held on 6–8 July 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, Scotland and hosted by Prime Minister Tony Blair. The locations of previous G8 summits to have been hosted by the UK include: London (1977, 1984, 1991); and Birmingham (1998). It is the first G8 summit to be held in Scotland. A sixth UK summit was held in Lough Erne in 2013; and a seventh UK summit was held in Carbis Bay in 2021.

Auchterarder
Auchterarder (/ɒxtərˈɑːrdər/ ⓘ; Scottish Gaelic: Uachdar Àrdair, meaning Upper Highland) is a town north of the Ochil Hills in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, and home to the Gleneagles Hotel. It is also once part of the historic county of Perthshire. The 1+1⁄2-mile-long (2.5-kilometre) High Street of Auchterarder gave the town its popular name of "The Lang Toun" or Long Town.

The modern town is a shopping destination with a variety of independent shops and cafes.
Animals' Friend Society
The Animals' Friend Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was an animal welfare organisation founded in London in 1832 by Lewis Gompertz and T. Forster after Gompertz resigned from the RSPCA. It was a nonsectarian body that sought to prevent cruelty to animals through education, advocacy, and legal action, reporting over 3,000 prosecutions by the mid-1840s. The society published The Animals' Friend, or, the Progress of Humanity (1833–1841), edited by Gompertz, and maintained several local branches before disbanding following his retirement in 1846. Independent offshoots using the name remained active in towns such as Birmingham and Luton later in the nineteenth century. In 1910, Ernest Bell revived the name for a new organisation based in London, supported by figures including Thomas Hardy, and published the periodical The Animals' Friend (1894–1930) and related humane education materials.

H. Baillie-Weaver
Harold Baillie-Weaver (1861 – 18 March 1926) was an English barrister, Theosophist and animal welfare campaigner. He co-founded the National Council for Animals' Welfare in 1922 with his wife Gertrude Baillie-Weaver.
Charles Lewis Mitchell
Charles Lewis Mitchell (November 10, 1829 – April 13, 1912) was a printer, officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and state legislator in Massachusetts. Along with Edward G. Walker, Mitchell was one of the first two African Americans to serve in the Massachusetts General Court.

55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was the sister regiment of the renowned Massachusetts 54th Volunteers during the latter half of the American Civil War, formed because of the overflow of volunteer enlistees to the 54th Massachusetts.