hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
James A. Redden Federal Courthouse
The James A. Redden Federal Courthouse, formerly the United States Post Office and Courthouse, is a federal courthouse located in Medford, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1916 under the supervision of architect Oscar Wenderoth, it houses the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. A substantial extension was completed in 1940, under the supervision of architect, Louis A. Simon. In September 1996, the United States Senate enacted a bill introduced by Oregon Senator Mark Hatfield to rename the building for long-serving District Court judge James A. Redden. In 2025 the building was listed for accelerated disposition (sale) by the federal government, having 29,834 square feet of rentable space.

United States District Court for the District of Oregon
The United States District Court for the District of Oregon (in case citations, D. Ore. or D. Or.)  is the federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the state of Oregon. It was created in 1859 when the state was admitted to the Union. Appellate jurisdiction belongs to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit). Matthew P. Deady served as its first judge.

The United States Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. As of July 29, 2025, the interim United States attorney is Scott E. Bradford.
Sandwich, New Hampshire
Sandwich is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. Its population was 1,466 at the 2020 census. Sandwich includes the villages of Center Sandwich and North Sandwich. Part of the White Mountain National Forest is in the north, and part of Squam Lake is in the southwestern corner of the town. As such, Sandwich lies on the boundary between New Hampshire's Lakes Region and White Mountains Region. The Sandwich Range of the White Mountains lies partially within the town, as does the namesake Sandwich Mountain. The town is home to the Sandwich Fair, a popular agricultural fair that occurs every October.

North Sandwich, New Hampshire
North Sandwich is an unincorporated community in the town of Sandwich in Carroll County, New Hampshire. It is located at the junction of New Hampshire Routes 113 and 113A, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) northeast of Center Sandwich. Route 113 continues east into Tamworth, while Route 113A travels north to Wonalancet.

North Sandwich has a separate ZIP code (03259) from other areas in the town of Sandwich.
Personal Printer Data Stream
Personal Printer Data Stream is a general name for a family of page description language used by IBM printers, which includes all Proprinter, Quietwriter, Quickwriter, LaserPrinter 4019, and LaserPrinter 4029 commands.

PPDS was introduced to control printers in 1981 with the launch of IBM Graphics Printer 5152.  Originally called IBM ASCII, Proprinter, Quickwriter, or Quietwriter data stream, the name was changed to PPDS when the IBM LaserPrinter was introduced in 1989.

PPDS has different levels of functions that are all upward compatible.  Although many laser or inkjet printers do not support PPDS, those that support binary printer languages still use the ESC syntax, which include Printer Command Language versions 1 to 5 and the Epson ESC/P command set.

Page description language
In digital printing, a page description language (PDL) is a computer language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap (or generally raster graphics). An overlapping term is printer control language, which includes Hewlett-Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL). PostScript is one of the most noted page description languages. The markup language adaptation of the PDL is the page description markup language.

Page description languages are text (human-readable) or binary data streams, usually intermixed with text or graphics to be printed. They are distinct from graphics application programming interfaces (APIs) such as GDI and OpenGL that can be called by software to generate graphical output.
Soviet ruble
The ruble or rouble (/ˈruːbəl/; Russian: рубль, romanized: rubl', IPA: [rublʲ]) was the currency of the Soviet Union. It was introduced in 1922 and replaced the Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks (копейка, pl. копейки – kopeyka, kopeyki). Soviet banknotes and coins were produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (or Goznak) in Moscow and Leningrad.

In addition to regular cash rubles, other types of rubles were also issued, such as several forms of convertible ruble, transferable ruble, clearing ruble, Vneshtorgbank cheque, etc.; also, several forms of virtual rubles (called "cashless ruble", безналичный рубль) were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone.

In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet ruble was replaced by the first Russian ruble by 1993, and continued to be used in eleven post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993.

Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia
Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia connotes a seven-year period of uncontrollable spiraling inflation in the early Soviet Union, running from the earliest days of the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917 to the reestablishment of the gold standard with the introduction of the chervonets as part of the New Economic Policy. The inflationary crisis effectively ended in March 1924 with the introduction of the so-called "gold ruble" as the country's standard currency.

The early Soviet hyperinflationary period was marked by three successive redenominations of its currency, in which "new rubles" replaced old at the rates of 10,000-to-1 (January 1, 1922), 100-to-1 (January 1, 1923), and 50,000-to-1 (March 7, 1924), respectively.
Stateline, Nevada
Stateline is a census-designated place (CDP) on the southeastern shore of Lake Tahoe in Douglas County, Nevada,  United States. It lies next to the border with California and is conurbated with South Lake Tahoe. The population was 595 at the 2020 census. The population swells considerably during the busy winter and summer seasons, due to the high number of hotel rooms and rental accommodations available.

Nevada State Route 207
State Route 207 (SR 207) is an 11.082-mile (17.835 km) state highway in western Douglas County, Nevada, United States. Commonly known as the Kingsbury Grade, it is one of three Nevada highways that connect the western edge of the state to the Lake Tahoe region through the Carson Range. The route was part of State Route 19 prior to 1976.
KOZZ-FM
KOZZ-FM (105.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Reno, Nevada, United States. Owned by Lotus Communications, it airs a classic rock format. KOZZ's studios are on Plumb Lane in South Reno, and its transmitter is atop Slide Mountain in New Washoe City. Programming is also heard on FM translator K293AA at 106.5 MHz in Battle Mountain, Nevada.

Lotus Communications
Lotus Communications Corporation is a media company that owns numerous radio stations and a few TV stations, and is one of the largest privately owned radio station groups in the United States. Headquarters are located in Los Angeles, and the company's President and CEO is Howard Kalmenson.
NMEA 0183
NMEA 0183 is a combined electrical and data specification for communication between marine electronics such as echo sounder, sonars, anemometer, gyrocompass, autopilot, GPS receivers and many other types of instruments. It has been defined and is controlled by the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA). It replaces the earlier NMEA 0180 and NMEA 0182 standards. In leisure marine applications, it is slowly being phased out in favor of the newer NMEA 2000 standard, though NMEA 0183 remains the norm in commercial shipping.

Marine electronics
Marine electronics refers to electronics devices designed and classed for use in the marine environment on board ships and yachts where even a small amount of salt water can destroy some electronics devices. Therefore, the majority of these types of devices are either water resistant or waterproof.

Marine electronics devices include chartplotter, marine VHF radio, autopilot and self-steering gear, fishfinder and sonar, marine radar, satellite navigation device, fibre optic gyrocompass, satellite television, and marine fuel management.
Mount Schwerdtfeger
Mount Schwerdtfeger (78°21′00″S 162°46′00″E﻿ / ﻿78.35°S 162.7666667°E﻿ / -78.35; 162.7666667﻿ (Mount Schwerdtfeger)) is a peak, 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) high on the ridge at the head of Renegar Glacier, 1.75 nautical miles (3.24 km; 2.01 mi) south of Mount Kempe in the Royal Society Range, Victoria Land, Antarctica.

Royal Society Range
The Royal Society Range (78°10′S 162°40′E﻿ / ﻿78.167°S 162.667°E﻿ / -78.167; 162.667﻿ (Royal Society Range)) is a majestic range of mountains in Victoria Land, Antarctica, rising to 4,025 metres (13,205 ft) along the west shore of McMurdo Sound between the Koettlitz, Skelton and Ferrar Glaciers.
They are south of the Kukri Hills, southeast of the Quartermain Mountains, and northeast of the Worcester Range.

With its summit at 4,025 metres (13,205 ft), the massive Mount Lister forms the highest point in this range. Mount Lister is located along the western shore of McMurdo Sound between the Koettlitz, Skelton and Ferrar glaciers. Other notable local terrain features include Allison Glacier, which descends from the west slopes of the Royal Society Range into Skelton Glacier.
Moons of Haumea
The dwarf planet Haumea has two known moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, named after Hawaiian goddesses. These small moons were discovered in 2005, from observations of Haumea made at the large telescopes of the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii.

Haumea's moons are unusual in a number of ways. They are thought to be part of its extended collisional family, which formed billions of years ago from icy debris after a large impact disrupted Haumea's ice mantle. Hiʻiaka, the larger, outermost moon, has large amounts of pure water ice on its surface, which is rare among Kuiper belt objects. Namaka, about one tenth the mass, has an orbit with surprising dynamics: it is unusually eccentric and appears to be greatly influenced by both the elongated shape of Haumea and by the larger satellite.

Namaka (moon)
Namaka (full designation (136108) Haumea II) is the smaller, inner moon of the trans-Neptunian dwarf planet Haumea. Discovered by Michael E. Brown and the Keck Observatory adaptive optics team in the fall of 2005, it is named after Nāmaka, a water spirit and one of the daughters of Haumea in Hawaiian mythology. Namaka follows a highly elliptical orbit that is highly tilted by roughly 13 degrees with respect to Haumea's equator. Namaka is heavily perturbed by both the gravitational influence of Haumea's larger, outer moon Hiʻiaka and the variable gravitational field of Haumea's elongated shape.

With a diameter of around 150 km (93 mi), Namaka is predicted to have an irregular shape and a chaotic rotation. It has a reflective surface made of fresh water ice, similar to that of Haumea and Hiʻiaka. Like Hiʻiaka, Namaka is believed to be a fragment of Haumea that was ejected in the aftermath of a giant impact 4.4 billion years ago.
Japanese submarine I-14
I-14 was an Imperial Japanese Navy Type A Mod.2 submarine that served during World War II. Designed as a submarine aircraft carrier, she was commissioned in March 1945. She surrendered in August 1945 and was sunk as a target in 1946.

Aichi M6A Seiran
The Aichi M6A Seiran (晴嵐, Clear Sky Storm) is a submarine-launched attack floatplane designed for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. It was intended to operate from I-400 class submarines, whose original mission was to conduct aerial attacks against the United States.
Tianyuan (Go)
The Tianyuan (Chinese: 天元; pinyin: Tiānyuán) is a Go competition in China organized by the Chinese Weiqi Association. The word tiānyuán literally means the center or origin of heaven, and is the center point on a Go board; the name is similar to the Japanese Tengen and Korean Chunwon. The competition was established in 1987 and is held annually.

Formerly, the winner went on to face Japan's Tengen winner in the China–Japan Tengen from 1988 to 2002, and Korea's Chunwon winner in the China–Korea Tengen from 1997 to 2015. Both of those competitions have been discontinued.

China–Korea Tengen
The China–Korea Tengen was a Go competition. It was played between China's Tianyuan titleholder and Korea's Chunwon titleholder each year in a best-of-three match. The competition was held 19 times, from 1997 to 2015. China won 10 times and Korea won 9 times. The Chunwon was discontinued after 2015, which ended the China–Korea Tengen as well.
Nishitetsu Wataze Station
Nishitetsu Wataze Station (西鉄渡瀬駅, Nishitetsu-Wataze-eki)  is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Nishi-Nippon Railroad (NNR), and has station number T45.

Ōmuta, Fukuoka
Ōmuta (Japanese: 大牟田市, Hepburn: Ōmuta-shi) is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyūshū, Japan.  As of December 31, 2023, the city had an estimated population of 106,393 in 55,373 households, and a  population density of 1,300 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 81.45 km2 (31.45 sq mi).
Stoddard County, Missouri
Stoddard County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,672. The county seat is Bloomfield. The county was officially organized on January 2, 1835, and is named for Amos Stoddard, the first American commandant (an early term for "governor") of Upper Louisiana.

Dunklin County, Missouri
Dunklin County is located in the Bootheel of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,283. The largest city and county seat is Kennett.

Dunklin County comprises the Kennett, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Psychiatric hospital
A psychiatric hospital, also known as a mental health hospital, a behavioral health hospital, or an asylum is a specialized medical facility that focuses on the treatment of severe mental disorders. These institutions cater to patients with conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and eating disorders, among others.

Total institution
A total institution or residential institution is a facility of work and residence in which a number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered, and regimented round of life. Total institutions are hybrids of social organization and residential community.: 44 : 855  Privacy and civil liberties are limited or non-existent in total institutions, as all aspects of life including sleep, play, and work, are conducted in the same place, under the same absolute authority. The concept is mostly associated with the work of sociologist Erving Goffman.
Furnace Pond (Pembroke, Massachusetts)
Furnace Pond is a 107-acre (0.43 km2) pond in Pembroke, Massachusetts. The pond is located southeast of Oldham Pond which is connected to Furnace Pond by an inlet, and east of Great Sandy Bottom Pond. The maximum depth is nine feet. The pond is a Class A Public Water Source for the Brockton Water Commission. Water from this pond is diverted into Silver Lake through Tubbs Meadow Brook, the pond's outflow, whenever there is a water shortage there. The Furnace Pond Neighborhood Association maintains a semi-public beach along the pond.

Silver Lake (Plymouth County, Massachusetts)
Silver Lake is a 640-acre (2.6 km2) lake in Pembroke, Kingston, and Plympton, Massachusetts, south of Route 27 and east of Route 36. The Pembroke/Plympton town line is entirely within the lake, and a portion of the western shoreline of the lake is the town line with Halifax.
Wong Tack
Wong Tack (simplified Chinese: 黄德; traditional Chinese: 黃德; pinyin: Huáng Dé; Jyutping: Wong4 Dak1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: N̂g Tek; Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Vòng Tet) is a Malaysian politician and environmentalist who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bentong from May 2018 to November 2022. He is an independent and was a member of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition.

Lynas
Lynas Rare Earths, Ltd.  is an Australian rare-earths mining company with two major operations: a mining and concentration plant at Mount Weld in Western Australia, and the Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP) in Kuantan, Malaysia. The company was founded in the 1990s and is headquartered in Perth, Western Australia.

The project produces radioactive waste, and has met with resistance from local communities.

Lynas is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as a S&P/ASX 200 company.
National Mall and Memorial Parks
National Mall and Memorial Parks (formerly known as National Capital Parks-Central) is an administrative unit of the National Park Service (NPS) encompassing many national memorials and other areas in Washington, D.C. Federally owned and administered parks in the capital area date back to 1790, some of the oldest in the United States. In 1933, they were transferred to the control of the National Park Service. These parks were known as the National Capital Parks from their inception until 1965. The NPS now operates multiple park groupings in the D.C. area, including National Capital Parks-East, Rock Creek Park, President's Park, and George Washington Memorial Parkway. National Mall and Memorial Parks also provides technical assistance for the United States Navy Memorial.

Rock Creek Park
Rock Creek Park is a large urban park that bisects the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. Created by Act of Congress in 1890, the park comprises 1,754 acres (2.74 mi2, 7.10 km2), generally along Rock Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River.

More than two million people visit the park each year, many to use recreation facilities such as its golf course; hiking, biking, and equestrian trails; tennis center; nature center; playgrounds, and picnic facilities.

The park is administered by the National Park Service, whose Rock Creek Park administrative unit administers dozens of other federally owned properties in the District of Columbia, including Meridian Hill Park, the Old Stone House in Georgetown, and some of the Fort Circle Parks, a series of batteries and forts built to defend the nation's capital during the American Civil War.

The Rock Creek Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 23, 1991.
John Okello
John Gideon Okello (26 October 1937 – c. 1971) was a Ugandan revolutionary and the leader of the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. This revolution overthrew Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah and led to the proclamation of Zanzibar as a republic.

People's Republic of Zanzibar
The People's Republic of Zanzibar (Swahili: Jamhuri ya watu wa Zanzibar) was a short-lived African state founded in 1964, consisting of the islands of the Zanzibar Archipelago. It existed for less than six months before it merged with Tanganyika to create the "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar", which would be renamed the United Republic of Tanzania in November of that year.
Caroline van der Leeuw
Caroline Esmeralda van der Leeuw (born 26 April 1981), formerly known as Caro Emerald and lately part of the music project  The Jordan, is a Dutch pop and jazz singer who mainly performs in English. Active since 2007, she rose to prominence in 2009 with debut single, "Back It Up". Follow-up single "A Night Like This" topped charts in several countries, including her native Netherlands.

Her debut album, Deleted Scenes from the Cutting Room Floor, was released on 29 January 2010. By August 2010, the album had spent its 30th week at number one in the Dutch album charts, setting an all-time record and beating Michael Jackson's Thriller by one week. On 3 October 2010, Emerald was awarded the Dutch music prize Edison Award for Best Female Artist. In 2013 a second studio album was released titled The Shocking Miss Emerald. The album entered at number one in the Dutch and United Kingdom album charts.

Echo Music Prize
Echo Music Prize (stylised as ECHO, German pronunciation: [ˈɛço]) was an accolade by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie, an association of recording companies of Germany to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. The first ECHO Awards ceremony was held in 1992, and was set up to honor musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1991, succeeding the Deutscher Schallplattenpreis, which was awarded from 1963 to 2018. Each year's winner was determined by the previous year's sales. In April 2018, following controversy regarding that year's ceremony, the Bundesverband Musikindustrie announced the end of the award.
Chromium(II) selenide
Chromium(II) selenide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrSe. It crystalizes in a hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc. It is one of many related chromium-selenium phases, including Cr2Se3, as well as Cr7Se8, Cr3Se4, Cr0.68Se, and Cr5Se8. The compound has been described as an antiferromagnet, but its inverse magnetic susceptibility does not match the behavior expected for an antiferromagnet according to the Curie–Weiss law. One suggestion was that the Néel temperature is at 320 K, as the temperature where the compound has maximum specific heat. When synthesized as single atomic layer, CrSe is ferromagnetic, with a Curie Temperature of around 280 K.

Chromium(III) selenide
Chromium(III) selenide is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula Cr2Se3. It is one of the several chromium-selenium phases, along with CrSe. It is formed as a maroon-colored amorphous powder, and has a rhombohedral crystal structure.
Raymond Moriyama
Raymond Junichi Moriyama CC OOnt FRAIC (October 11, 1929 – September 1, 2023) was a Canadian architect.

The private practice in Toronto he co-founded with Ted Teshima, Moriyama & Teshima Architects, was renowned for designing many major buildings across the world, including the Canadian War Museum and the Canadian Embassy in Tokyo. Moriyama's focus was on humane architecture with the pursuit of true ideals, democracy, and unanimity of all people.

Seneca Polytechnic
Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology, branded as Seneca Polytechnic since 2023, is a multi-campus public college in the Greater Toronto Area and Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. It offers full-time and part-time programs at the baccalaureate, diploma, certificate, and graduate levels.
Kurundvad Senior
Kurundvad Senior, also spelt as 'Kurundwad', was one of two Maratha princely states during the British Raj: 'Kurundvad Junior' and Kurundvad Senior. The two states separated in 1854 and less than a century later, on 8 March 1948, both states acceded to the Indian Union.

Kurundvad Senior State was administered as part of the Deccan States Agency of the Bombay Presidency. Its capital was at Kurundvad a small town by the Panchganga river in Kolhapur district. The surface of was 479 km2, larger than Kurundvad Junior; its population in 1881 was 35,187 and by 1901 it reached 42,474 inhabitants, of which 34,000 were Hindu, 4,500 Muslim and 3,500 Jain.

Deccan States Agency
The Deccan States Agency, also known as the Deccan States Agency and Kolhapur Residency, was a political agency of India, managing the relations of the Government of India with a collection of princely states and jagirs (feudal 'vassal' estates) in western India.