hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vorab Glacier
The Vorab Glacier (German: Vorabgletscher, rarely Vorabfiren, Romansh: Glatscher dil Vorab) is a 2 km long glacier (as of 2005) situated in the Glarus Alps in the cantons of Glarus and Graubünden. It lies on the east side of the Vorab, between 2,600 and 3,000 metres above sea level. In 1973 it had an area of 2.17 km2., and is receding today.

The glacier is part of the Flims-Laax ski resort complex, and may be skied in the winter.

Glarus Alps
The Glarus Alps (German: Glarner Alpen) are a mountain range in central Switzerland. They are bordered by the Uri Alps and the Schwyz Alps to the west, the Lepontine Alps to the south, the Appenzell Alps to the northeast. The eastern part of the Glarus Alps contains a major thrust fault that was declared a geologic UNESCO World Heritage Site (the Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona).

The Glarus Alps extend well beyond the canton of Glarus, including parts of the cantons of Uri, Graubünden, and St Gallen. Conversely, not all the mountains in the canton of Glarus are part of the Glarus Alps, with those to the north of the Urner Boden and to the west of the valley of the river Linth considered to be part of the Schwyz Alps.
Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.

Illinois Fighting Illini football
The Illinois Fighting Illini football program represents the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) level. The Fighting Illini are a founding member of the Big Ten Conference, and have played their home games at Gies Memorial Stadium in Champaign, Illinois since 1923. The Fighting Illini are currently led by head coach Bret Bielema.

Illinois claims 15 Big Ten championships, ranking 4th-most among conference members, and 5 national championships, ranking 13th-most among NCAA Division 1 programs.  Illinois has had 27 Consensus All-Americans, and 15 former Illini have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame; in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, 6 former Illini have been inducted. Illinois has three trophy rivalries against Northwestern, Purdue, and Ohio State.
Better Living Through Circuitry
Better Living Through Circuitry is a 1999 documentary directed by Jon Reiss about the electronic dance music cultural scene of the 1990s. This is considered to be the first full-length documentary film that goes behind the electronic dance scene and uncovers the culture it has spawned. The film presented aspects of rave culture such as: empowerment through advances in musical electronics technology, the DIY (do-it-yourself) ethic, and the flowering of a new spirituality embracing transcendence through sound and rhythm. A cross-section of the techno subculture is represented. In the documentary, ravers, DJs and musicians speak for themselves about their music and ideals. Produced by Cleopatra Pictures and Entertainment Group, presided by Cleopatra Records founder Brian Perera.

DJ Keoki
George Lopez (born October 23, 1966), known by his stage name DJ Keoki or Keoki Franconi, is a Salvadoran-American electronic musician and DJ. Born in El Salvador and raised in Hawaii, Keoki began advertising himself as "superstar" shortly after moving to New York City.
Qira, Salfit
Qira (Arabic: قيرة) is a Palestinian town in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, 19 kilometers southwest of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of approximately 1,278 in 2017.

Salfit Governorate
Salfit Governorate (Arabic: محافظة سلفيت)  is one of the 16 Governorates of the State of Palestine. It is located in the northwestern West Bank, held under Israeli occupation, bordered by the governorates of Ramallah and al-Bireh to the south, Nablus to the east and Qalqilya in the north as well as, Israel to the west. Its district capital and largest city is Salfit. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the governorate had a population of 75,444 inhabitants in mid-year 2017. In the PCBS's census in 1997, which registered 46,671 residents, refugees accounted for 7.7% of the total population. There were 37,613 male residents and 36,143 females.
The Castle, Halton
The Castle, formerly known as The Castle Hotel, is a public house and former Georgian courthouse on Halton Hill in Halton, Runcorn, Cheshire, England.  Its side walls are continuous with the curtain walls of the ruins of Halton Castle.  It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.

Halton Castle
Halton Castle is a castle in the village of Halton, part of the town of Runcorn, Cheshire, England. The castle is on the top of Halton Hill, a sandstone prominence overlooking the village. The original building, a motte-and-bailey castle began in 1071, was replaced with the current sandstone castle in the 13th century. Building alterations continued until at least 1609, when the structure is recorded as in disrepair. The castle is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and a scheduled monument.

It was the seat of the Barons of Halton from the 11th century until the 14th century, then passed to the Duchy of Lancaster. It was besieged twice in the Civil War after which its structure deteriorated. In the 18th century a new courthouse was built on the site of the previous gatehouse. The castle lies in ruins apart from the courthouse which has been converted into a public house.
Samuel de Sorbiere
Samuel (de) Sorbière (French: [sɔʁbjɛʁ]; 17 September 1615 – 9 April 1670) was a French physician and man of letters, a philosopher and translator, who is best known for his promotion of the works of Thomas Hobbes and Pierre Gassendi, in whose view of physics he placed his support, though unable to refute René Descartes, but who developed a reputation in his own day for a truculent and disputatious nature.  Sorbière is regarded often by his position on ethics and disclosure about medical mistakes.  In 1672 Sorbière considered the idea of being honest and upfront about a mistake having been made in medicine but thought that it might seriously jeopardise medical practice and concluded that it "would not catch on".

Pierre Gassendi
Pierre Gassendi (French: [pjɛʁ gasɛ̃di]; also Pierre Gassend or Petrus Gassendus; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, Catholic priest, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi is named after him.

He wrote numerous philosophical works, and some of the positions he worked out are considered significant, finding a way between skepticism and dogmatism. Richard Popkin indicates that Gassendi was one of the first thinkers to formulate the modern "scientific outlook", of moderated skepticism and empiricism. He clashed with his contemporary Descartes on the possibility of certain knowledge. His best known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomism with Christianity.
Borel summation
In mathematics,  Borel summation is a summation method for divergent series, introduced by Émile Borel (1899). It is particularly useful for summing divergent asymptotic series, and in some sense gives the best possible sum for such series. There are several variations of this method that are also called Borel summation, and a generalization of it called Mittag-Leffler summation.

Nachbin's theorem
In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, Nachbin's theorem (named after Leopoldo Nachbin) is a result used to establish bounds on the growth rates for analytic functions. In particular, Nachbin's theorem may be used to give the domain of convergence of the generalized Borel transform, also called Nachbin summation.

This article provides a brief review of growth rates, including the idea of a function of exponential type. Classification of growth rates based on type help provide a finer tool than big O or Landau notation, since a number of theorems about the analytic structure of the bounded function and its integral transforms can be stated.
Yale (surname)
The surname Yale is derived from the Welsh word "iâl", meaning "fertile ground". Iâl was the name of an important commote in Denbighshire, whose rulers, the princes of Powys Fadog, lords of Yale, were a cadet line of the royal House of Powys. For hundreds of years, their ancestral seat was at Castle Dinas Bran in Yale. Afterwards, baron Ellis ap Griffith attached the name to the estate of Plas-yn-Iâl, from which the House of Yale (or Yale family) became known.

The Yale surname was thus adopted from the maternal side of the family, while their coat of arms, which inspired those of Yale College, came from the paternal side, through the Fitzgeralds of Corsygedol. In the early modern period, the family produced Elihu Yale, a governor of Madras and benefactor of Yale University, ensuring that the name "Yale" achieved lasting prominence well beyond Wales.

Arthur Yale
Denis Robert Arthur Yale  (November 11, 1860 – March 6, 1917) was a Canadian politician and businessman, who became one of the founders of Plateau-Mount Royal in Montreal. He was DeLorimier's first Secretary-Treasurer and became Alderman of the town of Cote-des-Neiges. He also acquired and gave his name to the Yale Islands on Rivière des Mille Îles, Saint-Eustache, located about 20 miles from downtown Montreal. Through most of his career, he was involved in banking and mining ventures.
Kitchee SC
Kitchee Sports Club (Chinese: 傑志體育會; Jyutping: Git6zi3 Tai2juk6wui2; [kit̚˨ tsi˧ tʰɐj˧˥ jʊk̚˨ wuj˧˥]; pinyin: Jiézhì tǐyù huì) is a Hong Kong professional football club based in Kowloon. It was founded in 1931 and currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League.

The club has won 12 league titles, including six Hong Kong First Division titles and six Hong Kong Premier League titles. They also won nine Senior Shields and seven Hong Kong FA Cups. The club is also the first Hong Kong club to win a game in AFC Champions League group stage and to advance to the round of 16 of the competition.

2016–17 Hong Kong Senior Shield
2016–17 Hong Kong Senior Shield (officially known as 2016–17 HKFA Canbo Senior Shield due to sponsorship reasons) was the 115th season of one of the Asian oldest football knockout competitions, Hong Kong Senior Shield. Eleven teams entered this edition, with three games being played in the first round before the quarter-final stage. The competition was only open to teams that played in the 2016–17 Hong Kong Premier League.

Kitchee won the final over Eastern.
Dandy horse
The dandy horse, an English nickname for what was first called a Laufmaschine ('running machine' in German), then a vélocipède or draisienne (in French and then English), and then a pedestrian curricle or hobby-horse, or swiftwalker, is a human-powered vehicle that, as the first two-wheeled vehicle, is regarded as the first bicycle. The dandy horse is powered by the rider's feet on the ground instead of the pedals of later bicycles. It was invented by Karl Drais (who called it a Laufmaschine German: [ˈlaʊfmaˌʃiːnə] 'running machine') in 1817, and patented by him in France in February 1818 as a vélocipède. It is also known as a Draisine (German: [dʁaɪˈziːnə] ⓘ in German, a term used in English only for light auxiliary railcars regardless of their form of propulsion), and as a draisienne (French: [drɛzjɛn] in French and English. In English, it is also sometimes still known as a velocipede, but that term now also has a broader meaning.

Balance bike
A balance bike (or run bike) is a bicycle without pedals that learners propel by pushing their feet against the ground. By allowing children to focus on developing their sense of balance and coordination before introducing pedalling, balance bikes enable independent riding more quickly than training wheels.
Newcastle upon Tyne North
Newcastle upon Tyne North is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Catherine McKinnell of the Labour Party.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, effective from the 2024 United Kingdom general election, the constituency underwent significant boundary changes, with only 41.3% of the previous seat being included in the redrawn one.

Hexham (UK Parliament constituency)
Hexham is a constituency in Northumberland represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Joe Morris of the Labour Party. As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

The seat was created as one of four single member divisions of the county of Northumberland under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.
Pyrosulfate
In chemistry, disulfate or pyrosulfate is the anion with the molecular formula S2O2−7. Disulfate is the IUPAC name. 
It has a dichromate-like structure and can be visualised as two corner-sharing SO4 tetrahedra, with a bridging oxygen atom. 
In this anion, sulfur has an oxidation state of +6. Disulfate is the conjugate base of the hydrogen disulfate (hydrogen pyrosulfate) ion HS2O−7, which in turn is the conjugate base of disulfuric acid (pyrosulfuric acid).

Disulfuric acid
Disulfuric acid (alternative spelling disulphuric acid) or pyrosulfuric acid (alternative spelling pyrosulphuric acid), also named oleum, is a sulfur oxoacid. It is a major constituent of fuming sulfuric acid, oleum, and this is how most chemists encounter it.  As confirmed by X-ray crystallography, the molecule consists of a pair of SO2(OH) groups joined by an oxygen atom, giving a molecular formula of H2O7S2.
John De Saram
John Henricus de Saram (born 27 June 1929) is a Sri Lankan lawyer and diplomat, who served as Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations in New York. He was a former director of the Office of the Legal Counsel, United Nations Office of Legal Affairs and was a former member of the United Nations International Law Commission.

Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations
The permanent representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations is Sri Lanka's foremost diplomatic representative to the United Nations, and in charge of the country's mission to the UN. The position of permanent representative is equivalent in rank to an ambassador, and entitles them to use the style His/Her Excellency.

The current permanent representative is Jayantha Jayasuriya.
Horse tack
Tack is equipment or accessories equipped on horses and other equines in the course of their use as domesticated animals. This equipment includes such items as saddles, stirrups, bridles, halters, reins, bits, and harnesses. Equipping a horse is often referred to as tacking up, and involves putting the tack equipment on the horse. A room to store such equipment, usually near or in a stable, is a tack room. A craftsman who makes horse tack is a saddler and the trade is saddlery.

In English, the word "tack" is an uncountable noun with no plural form.

Double bridle
A double bridle, also called a full bridle or Weymouth bridle, is a bridle that has two bits and four reins (sometimes called "double reins"). One bit is the bradoon (or bridoon), is a modified snaffle bit that is smaller in diameter and has smaller bit rings than a traditional snaffle, and it is adjusted so that it sits above and in front of the other bit, a curb bit.  Another term for this combination of curb and snaffle bit is a "bit and bradoon", where the word "bit" in this particular context refers to the curb.
Derajat
Derajat (Urdu: ڈیرہ جات, the plural of the word 'dera' lit. 'Camps') is a historical and cultural region in central Pakistan, bounded by the Indus River to the east and the Sulaiman Mountains to the west. The provinces of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan meet in this region.

Derajat includes the present-day administrative districts of Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur, Taunsa and Tank in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces. The "Baloch Derajat" (consisting of Dera Bugti, Dera Allah Yar and Dera Murad Jamali) is adjacent to Derajat towards the southwest in Balochistan. The people of Derajat are called Derawal, and the varieties of Saraiki they speak are collectively called Derawali dialect. Pashto and Balochi languages are spoken in the northern and western parts of Derajat, respectively.

Derawal
The Derawal (Saraiki: ڈیریوال) are a community originating from Derajat, a cultural region extending from river Indus to Sulaiman Range in central Pakistan. The varieties of Saraiki spoken by the Derawal people are collectively known as Derawali (also locally known as Hindki).

Most of the Hindu and Sikh Derawal migrated to India at the time of the partition of British India in 1947. The neighbourhood of Derawal Nagar in Delhi gets its name from this community. There are several regional and national Derawal organizations in India today.
Jåtten
Jåtten or Jåttå is a neighborhood (delområde) in the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located in the borough Hinna, just north of Godeset and Gausel.  The neighborhood has a population of 13,760, distributed over an area of 12.58 square kilometres (4.86 sq mi).  The Jåttåknuten hill lies at the southern part of the neighborhood.  Jåttå Upper Secondary School is located here too.

Hinna
Hinna is a borough of the city of Stavanger which lies in the southwestern part of the large municipality of Stavanger in Rogaland county, Norway. The borough includes the southernmost part of the city, bordering the city of Sandnes.  The borough of Hillevåg lies to the north, the municipality of Sola lies to the west, and the Gandsfjorden lies to the east.  Hillevåg was a part of the old municipality of Hetland until 1965.  The borough has residential areas as well as some industrial areas, especially relating to the oil industry.  The 15-square-kilometre (3,700-acre) borough has a population (2016) of 22,581.  This gives the borough a population density of 1,505 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,900/sq mi).
8b/10b encoding
In telecommunications, 8b/10b is a line code that maps 8-bit words to 10-bit symbols to achieve DC balance and bounded disparity, and at the same time provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery.  This means that the difference between the counts of ones and zeros in a string of at least 20 bits is no more than two, and that there are not more than five ones or zeros in a row. This helps to reduce the demand for the lower bandwidth limit of the channel necessary to transfer the signal.

An 8b/10b code can be implemented in various ways with focus on different performance parameters. One implementation was designed by K. Odaka for the DAT digital audio recorder. Kees Schouhamer Immink designed an 8b/10b code for the DCC audio recorder. The IBM implementation was described in 1983 by Al Widmer and Peter Franaszek.

Line code
In telecommunications, a line code is a pattern of voltage, current, or photons used to represent digital data transmitted down a communication channel or written to a storage medium. This repertoire of signals is usually called a constrained code in data storage systems. 
Some signals are more prone to error than others as the physics of the communication channel or storage medium constrains the repertoire of signals that can be used reliably.

Common line encodings are unipolar, polar, bipolar, and Manchester code.
HMS Arrow (H42)
HMS Arrow was an A-class destroyer of the Royal Navy, built by Vickers-Armstrongs at their Barrow-in-Furness between 1928 and 1930, being launched on 22 August 1929. Arrow served in the Mediterranean Fleet in the 1930s, rescuing refugees and taking part in neutrality patrols during the Spanish Civil War.

Arrow served during the Second World War before being damaged while fighting a fire on an ammunition ship and written off in 1943.

A- and B-class destroyer
The A- and B-class destroyers were a group of 18 destroyers built for the Royal Navy during the late 1920s, with two additional ships built for the Royal Canadian Navy. The British ships were divided into two flotillas of eight destroyers, each with a flotilla leader.
Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game
Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game (MMORTS) mixes the genres of real-time strategy and massively multiplayer online games, possibly in the form of web browser-based games, in which a very large  number of players interact with one another within a virtual world. Players often assume the role of a general, king, or other type of figurehead leading an army into battle while maintaining the resources needed for such warfare.  The titles are often based in a sci-fi or fantasy universe and are distinguished from single or small-scale multiplayer RTSes by the number of players and common use of a persistent world, generally hosted by the game's publisher, which continues to evolve even when the player is offline.

Massively multiplayer online game
A massively multiplayer online (MMO) game, sometimes referred to as an MMOG, is an online video game with a large number of players to interact in the same online game world. MMOs usually feature a huge, persistent open world, although there are games that differ. These games can be found for most network-capable platforms, including the personal computer, video game console, or smartphones and other mobile devices.

MMOs can enable players to cooperate and compete with each other on a large scale, and sometimes to interact meaningfully with people around the world. They include a variety of gameplay types, representing many video game genres.
Vetulicolida
Vetulicolida is a class of vetulicolians.  It consists of the order Vetulicolata (which contains the families Vetulicolidae and Didazoonidae) and the genus Nesonektris, which is of uncertain placement.  It is distinguished from the Banffozoa by the number and size of posterior segments as well as features of the anterior section.

Vetulicolia
Vetulicolia is a group of bilaterian marine animals encompassing several extinct species from the Cambrian, and possibly Ediacaran, periods.  As of 2023, the majority of scientists favor placing Vetulicolians in the stem group of the Chordata, but some continue to favor a more crownward placement as a sister group to the Tunicata.  It was initially erected as a monophyletic clade with the rank of phylum in 2001, with subsequent work supporting its monophyly.  However, more recent research suggests that vetulicolians may be paraphyletic and form a basal evolutionary grade of stem chordates.