hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hydrological optimization
Hydrological optimization applies mathematical optimization techniques (such as dynamic programming, linear programming, integer programming, or quadratic programming) to water-related problems. These problems may be for surface water, groundwater, or the combination. The work is interdisciplinary, and may be done by hydrologists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, and operations researchers.

Mathematical optimization
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives. It is generally divided into two subfields: discrete optimization and continuous optimization. Optimization problems arise in all quantitative disciplines from computer science and engineering to operations research and economics, and the development of solution methods has been of interest in mathematics for centuries.

In the more general approach, an optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. The generalization of optimization theory and techniques to other formulations constitutes a large area of applied mathematics.
Mitsubishi Galant VR-4
The Mitsubishi Galant VR-4 (Viscous Realtime 4WD) was the range-topping version of Mitsubishi Motors' Galant model, available in the sixth (1987–1992), seventh (1992–1996) and eighth (1996–2002) generations of the vehicle. Originally introduced to comply with the new Group A regulations of the World Rally Championship, it was soon superseded as Mitsubishi's competition vehicle by the Lancer Evolution, and subsequently developed into a high-performance showcase of the company's technology.

Mitsubishi 6A1 engine
The Mitsubishi 6A1 engine is a series of piston V6 engines from Mitsubishi Motors, found in their small and medium vehicles through the 1990s. They ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 L (1,597 to 2,498 cc) in size, and came with a variety of induction methods and cylinder head designs and configurations.

Now out of production, the 1.6 L (1,597 cc) 6A10 is still the smallest modern production V6. The small displacement was offered so Japanese buyers could purchase a powerful engine, while reducing their annual road tax obligation.
Gmina Kije
Gmina Kije is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pińczów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kije, which lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pińczów and 31 km (19 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce.

The gmina covers an area of 99.26 square kilometres (38.3 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 4,624.

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Nida Landscape Park and Szaniec Landscape Park.

Nida Landscape Park
Nida Landscape Park (Nadnidziański Park Krajobrazowy) is a Polish Landscape Park designated protected area, located in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship of south-central Poland. Within the Solec Basin, gypsum outcrops are common, forming rocky cliffs. Examples of karst formations include numerous caves, ponors, wywierzyski, karst lakes and rock gates. They are found in the vicinity of Gacek, Wiślica and Busk-Zdrój. There are karst gullies in Gorysławice. The karst forms found in Nadnidziański Park are unique in the country.  Among the most valuable are large-crystalline (glassy) gypsums. The crystals of which they are composed reach a length of 3.5 meters.
Hachinohe Gakuin University
Hachinohe Gakuin University (八戸学院大学, Hachinohe gakuin daigaku) is a private university in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, established in 1981. The university consists of two schools: the Business Faculty and the Health Care Faculty. The Business Faculty is made up of the Management Course and the Community Course, while the Health Care Faculty is divided into the Human Health Department and the Nursing Department.

Hachinohe
Hachinohe (八戸市, Hachinohe-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2025, the city had an estimated population of 212,279 in 109,987 households, and a population density of 695 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,800/sq mi). As of October 2020, Hachinohe is Aomori Prefecture's second largest city by population. The city has a total area of 305.56 square kilometres (117.98 sq mi).
South East Asia Cultural Organisation
The South East Asia Cultural Organisation (SEACO) is an international cultural organisation that works for the development of the Meitei culture of Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur'). 
It aims to preserve the unique history, culture, identity, and religion of Manipur.
It also advocates to take "extra caution about the issue of preservation of the cultural identity of the Indigenous people in the wake of the present globalization".

Meitei people
The Meitei people, also known as Meetei people, are a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group native to the Indian State of  Manipur. They form the largest and dominant ethnic group of Manipur in Northeast India. They speak the Meitei language (officially called Manipuri), one of the 22 official languages of the Republic of India and the sole official language of government of Manipur.
The Meiteis primarily settled in the Imphal Valley region in modern-day Manipur, though a sizeable population has settled in the other Indian states of Assam, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. There is also a notable presence of Meiteis in the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Meiteis represent about 53% of Manipur's population.
Frederick William Cadogan
Frederick William Cadogan DL, JP (16 December 1821  – 30 November 1904), styled The Honourable from 1831, was a British barrister and Liberal politician.

He was the fourth son of George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan and his wife Honoria Louisa Blake, daughter of Joseph Blake and sister of Joseph Blake, 1st Baron Wallscourt. Cadogan was educated at Westminster School and then at Oriel College, Oxford. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1847 and practised in the Northern Circuit.

Having unsuccessfully stood for Bridgnorth in 1852 and for Stafford five years later, Cadogan entered the British House of Commons in 1868, sitting as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cricklade until 1874. He was a Deputy Lieutenant for Middlesex and represented the same county as well as Westminster as a Justice of the Peace.

On 29 November 1851, Cadogan married Lady Adelaide Paget, eight daughter of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey. They had three daughters and a son.

George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan
Admiral George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan, CB (5 May 1783 – 15 September 1864) was a British Royal Navy officer and politician of the mid-nineteenth century who first gained fame for his service in the Adriatic campaign of the Napoleonic Wars in command of HMS Havannah. Cadogan later served as aide-de-camp to successive British monarchs and received promotion to full admiral.

The son of Charles Cadogan, 3rd Baron Cadogan and his second wife Mary Churchill, Cadogan inherited his father's titles from his half-brother Charles in 1832 and became the third Earl Cadogan. He was also created 1st Baron Oakley of Caversham on 10 September 1831. Later in life, Cadogan was elected to become a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and died in 1864.
Diocese of Lolland–Falster
The Diocese of Lolland–Falster (Danish: Lolland–Falsters Stift) is a diocese within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark. It comprises Lolland and Falster as well as a number of smaller islands in the south-eastern corner of Denmark. The diocese was disjoined from the Diocese of Funen in 1803 and is the smallest of the 10 dioceses within the Danish state church. The main church is Maribo Cathedral in Maribo but the bishop resides in Nykøbing Falster.

Lolland
Lolland (Danish: [ˈlʌˌlænˀ] ⓘ; formerly spelled Laaland, literally "low land") is the fourth largest island of Denmark, with an area of 1,243 km2 (480 sq mi). Located in the Kattegat, Belts and Sund area, it is part of Region Sjælland (Region Zealand). As of 1 January 2022, it has 57,618 inhabitants. Lolland is closely connected to the island of Falster to its east. The locality of Sundby forms a cross-island urban area with Nykøbing Falster, the largest conurbation partially on Lolland. The most populated settlement on Lolland proper is Nakskov.
David Coleman (educator)
David Coleman (born 1969) is an American businessman, currently serving as the ninth president of the College Board, a not-for-profit organization that designed the SAT exam, SAT Subject Tests, and Advanced Placement (AP) exams.

Common Core
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, is an American, multi-state educational initiative which began in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade. The initiative was sponsored by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers.

The initiative also sought to provide states and schools with articulated expectations around the skills students graduating from high school needed in order to be prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce.
The Reluctant King
The Reluctant King is the overall title of a trilogy of fantasy novels written by L. Sprague de Camp as part of his Novarian series, as well as the 1983 omnibus collection gathering the books together into one volume. The trilogy features de Camp's sword and sorcery hero King Jorian of Xylar, and is composed of The Goblin Tower (1968), The Clocks of Iraz (1971) and The Unbeheaded King (1983). The omnibus was first published in hardcover by Nelson Doubleday in 1983 as an offering for its Science Fiction Book Club, and was reissued in paperback by Baen Books in 1996.

Novarian series
The Novarian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, published between 1968 and 1989. The series contains some of de Camp's most innovative works of fantasy, featuring explorations of various political systems, an inversion of the "rags to royalty" pattern characteristic of much heroic fantasy, a satiric look at the foibles of humanity through the eyes of a demon, and a consistently wry and ironic take on conventions of the genre that plays out by taking them to their logical (or illogical) conclusions. Another singular feature of the series is its frequent use of folk tales integrated into the plot to painlessly convey something of the background and history of the invented world. This device obviates the need for lengthy appendices, as in The Lord of the Rings.
TT156
The Theban Tomb TT156 is located in Dra' Abu el-Naga', part of the Theban Necropolis, on the west bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor. It is the burial place of the ancient Egyptian Pennesuttawy, who was a troop commander and superintendent of the Southern Desert Lands during the reign of Ramesses II in the Nineteenth Dynasty.

Dra' Abu el-Naga
The necropolis of Draʻ Abu el-Naga (Arabic: دراع ابو النجا) is located on the West Bank of the Nile at Thebes, Egypt, just by the entrance of the dry bay that leads up to Deir el-Bahari and north of the necropolis of el-Assasif. The necropolis is located near the Valley of the Kings.
Electoral district of Eden
Eden was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales from 1859 to 1894, including the town of Eden. From 1880 to 1894 it elected two members, with voters casting two votes and the first two candidates being elected. In 1894, single-member electorates were introduced statewide and Eden was split into Eden-Bombala (including Bombala) and Bega. Eden-Bombala was abolished in 1904 and absorbed into Monaro and Bega.

Electoral district of Bega
Bega is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is represented by Michael Holland of the Labor Party.

Bega is a regional electorate in the southeastern corner of the state. It encompasses the entirety of Bega Valley Shire and Eurobodalla Shire. Its population centres include Bega, Tathra, Merimbula, Eden, Bemboka, Eurobodalla Shire, Moruya, Batemans Bay and Narooma.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Alamance County, North Carolina
This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Alamance County, North Carolina. Click the "Map of all coordinates" link to the right to view an online map of all properties and districts with latitude and longitude coordinates in the table below.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 12, 2025.

Alamance County, North Carolina
Alamance County (/ˈæləmæns/ ⓘ) is a county in North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 171,415. Its county seat is Graham. Formed in 1849 from Orange County to the east, Alamance County has been the site of significant historical events, textile manufacturing, and agriculture.

Alamance County comprises the Burlington, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 1,736,099 in 2023.
Kokle
Kokle (Latvian pronunciation: ['kʊ͡ɔk.le]; Latgalian: kūkle) or historically kokles (kūkles) is a Latvian plucked string instrument (chordophone) belonging to the Baltic box zither family known as the Baltic psaltery along with Lithuanian kanklės, Estonian kannel, Finnish kantele, and Russian krylovidnye gusli. The first possible kokles related archaeological findings in the territory of modern Latvia are from the 13th century, while the first reliable written information about kokles playing comes from the beginning of the 17th century. The first known kokles tune was notated in 1891, but the first kokles recordings into gramophone records and movies were made in the 1930s. Both kokles and kokles playing are included in the Latvian Culture Canon.

Baltic psaltery
Baltic psaltery is a family of related plucked box zithers, psalteries, historically found in the southeast vicinity of the Baltic Sea and played by the Baltic people, Baltic Finns, Volga Finns and northwestern Russians.
Death Heart
Death Heart (also known as Arduin Dungeon Number Four) was a standalone short story and gaming module written in 1980 by David A. Hargrave and published by Grimoire Games. It was the last of Hargrave's officially released dungeon modules before his death in 1988 and was an extension of his Arduin Multiverse, which at the time of Death Heart's publication was known as The Arduin Trilogy.

Caliban (Arduin dungeon)
Caliban (also known as Arduin Dungeon Number One) was a standalone short story and gaming module written in 1979 by David A. Hargrave and published by Grimoire Games. It was based upon Hargrave's gaming system known as Arduin. It is the first of only four standalone "dungeon" books created by Hargrave as an extension of his Arduin Multiverse, which at the time of Caliban's publication was known as The Arduin Trilogy.
Southeastern Brazil marine ecoregion
The Southeastern Brazil marine ecoregion covers the warm coastal waters to 250 miles offshore of southeastern Brazil, from the latitude of Rio de Janeiro in the north to Florianópolis in the south.  Marine diversity is supported by local upwellings in the north and the inflow of the Brazil Current. The region is one of transition from a tropical to a warm temperate environment.  The marine ecoregion is one of four coastal marine ecoregions in the Warm Temperate Southwestern Atlantic marine province. It is thus part of the Temperate South America realm.



.

Temperate South America
Temperate South America is a biogeographic region of the Earth's seas, comprising the temperate and subtropical waters of South America, including both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the continent and adjacent islands. It also includes the remote Gough Island and Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a marine realm, one of the great biogeographic divisions of the world's ocean basins.

On the Atlantic coast, Temperate South America transitions to the Tropical Atlantic marine realm  near Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. On the Pacific coast, it extends to Punta Aguja in northern Peru, where it transitions to the Tropical Eastern Pacific realm. To the south lies the Southern Ocean.

The Atlantic coast is influenced by the Brazil Current, which carries warm tropical waters south along the coast. On the Pacific coast, the cold Humboldt Current carries cold Antarctic waters north towards the tropics.
Atanga Chandpur
Atanga Chandpur is a village situated in Bhadpura Mandal of Bareilly District in Uttar Pradesh in India. The village is 2.507 km distance from the mandal headquarters in Bhadpura, and is 36.52 km distance from Bareilly.

Atanga Chandpur is a mid sized village and has a population of about 2,439 persons living in around 374 households. Most of the population is Muslim, belonging to the Afghani Kabuli Pathan, Ansari, Mansoori, Qassab and Faqir communities.

Villages nearby include Methi Nawadia (1.1 km), Purenia (1.3 km), Surajpur Parauria (2.0 km), Karua Sahib Ganj (2.4 km), Bhadpuraa (2.5 km), Delel Nagar (3.4 km) and Dhakia Barkali Sahib (3.7 km).

Bhadpura
Bhadpura is a town and mandal headquarters in Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located at a distance of 35.82 kilometres from the district headquarters at Bareilly.

Villages located within Bhadpura Mandal include Abhai Rajpur, Adhkata Rabbni Begam, Alhiya, Allahpur, Amberpur, Amir Nagar, Amsaha, Atanga Chandpur, Bahir Jagir, Baragaonn, and Barkhan. Those nearest to Bhadpura include Methi Nawadia (1.3 km), Karua Sahib Ganj (1.5 km), Purenia (2.2 km), Atanga Chandpur (2.5 km), Dhakia Barkali Sahib (2.5 km), Amir Nagar (2.9 km), and Nakti Narianpur (3.1 km).
Joseph Killgore House
Joseph Killgore House was a historic home located at Newport, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built in the second quarter of the 19th century and was a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling with a gable roof in the saltbox style.  It began as a 1+1⁄2-story, hall-parlor plan dwelling and later expanded.  It was located next to the Killgore Hall commercial development.  The house was demolished in about 2000.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Killgore Hall
Killgore Hall, also known as Wroten's Hardware, was a historic commercial building located at Newport, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built in 1883, and was a three-story, three bay by six bay, brick building with a flat roof and overhanging cornice.  It has a one-story, one bay extension. A three-story porch spanned the east facade, with Colonial Revival columns and square balusters. It was located next to the Joseph Killgore House.  The building was demolished about 2000.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
Lykilsvatnet
Lykilsvatnet is a regulated lake in Etne Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The 4.51-square-kilometre (1.74 sq mi) lake lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the village of Etnesjøen. Water from the lake falls 400 metres (1,300 ft) vertically in tunnels and pipelines to the Hardeland hydroelectric power station. The site is operated by Haugaland Kraft.

The Haugesund section of the Norwegian Mountain Touring Association operates the Løkjelsvatn cabin on the west shore of the lake, and there are marked maintain paths connecting the area to the rest of a nationwide network of paths.  The lake has a rich population of brown trout which is popular among fishermen.

A group of eleven domesticated reindeer were introduced to the Etnefjellet mountain area in 1990, and the herd has adopted the Løkjelsvatnet lake area as its main habitat. This herd is now viewed and administered as if it were a wild herd.

Etne Municipality
Etne is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland, although it is also sometimes considered to be part of the district of Haugaland. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Etnesjøen. Other villages in the municipality include Skånevik and Fjæra. Etne Municipality is situated south of the city of Bergen, along the border with Rogaland county.

The 735.28-square-kilometre (283.89 sq mi) municipality is the 154th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Etne Municipality is the 201st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,093. The municipality's population density is 5.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (15/sq mi) and its population has increased by 0.4% over the previous 10-year period.

A Norwegian motion picture called United was shot in Etne Municipality with local people as actors.
Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation intended for the visual detection, identification, tracking and reporting of aircraft over Great Britain. It operated in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). Composed mainly of civilian spare-time volunteers, ROC personnel wore a Royal Air Force (RAF) style uniform and latterly came under the administrative control of RAF Strike Command and the operational control of the Home Office. Civilian volunteers were trained and administered by a small cadre of professional full-time officers under the command of the Commandant Royal Observer Corps; latterly a serving RAF Air Commodore.

Civil defense Geiger counters
Geiger counter is a colloquial name for any hand-held radiation measuring device in civil defense, but most civil defense devices were ion-chamber radiological survey meters capable of measuring only high levels of radiation that would be present after a major nuclear event.

Most Geiger and ion-chamber survey meters were issued by governmental civil defense organizations in several countries from the 1950s in the midst of the Cold War in an effort to help prepare citizens for a nuclear attack.

Many of these same instruments are still in use today by some states, Texas amongst them, under the jurisdiction of the Texas Bureau of Radiation Control. They are regularly maintained, calibrated and deployed to fire departments and other emergency services.
Ministry of Business Affairs (Iceland)
The Icelandic Ministry of Business Affairs (Icelandic: Viðskiptaráðuneytið), also translated as the Ministry of Commerce or Ministry of Trade, is a government ministry established on 24 May 2007, when it was split off from the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. The ministry is responsible for company law, competition law, financial services, insurance and trade (both domestic and internal).

Its first minister was Björgvin G. Sigurðsson of the Social Democratic Alliance. He tendered his resignation to the Prime Minister Geir H. Haarde on 25 January 2009 to take partial responsibility for the 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis. Björgvin was replaced on 1 February by Gylfi Magnússon, a professor of economics at the University of Iceland without party political affiliation.

Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Iceland)
The Icelandic Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism (Icelandic: Iðnaðarráðuneytið) is one of the cabinet-level government ministries responsible for Iceland's economy. It shares that responsibility with the Ministry of Business Affairs (responsible for banking and trade) and the Ministry of Fisheries (fishing making up some 40% of Iceland's exports). Since 2009, the responsible minister is Katrín Júlíusdóttir of the Social Democratic Alliance.