hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richmond Group
The Richmond Group, also known as the Richmond School, is a collective of American Impressionist painters who worked in the Richmond, Indiana, area from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Although the Richmond Group lacked a formal organization, many of the artists were affiliated with and exhibited at the Art Association of Richmond, Indiana, now known as the Richmond Art Museum.

Though not definitive, the following is a list of artists considered a part of the Richmond Group:

George Herbert Baker

John Elwood Bundy

Francis Focer Brown

Charles H. Clawson

Albert Clinton Conner

Charles Conner

Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer

W. A. Eyden Sr.

William A. Eyden Jr.

Edgar Forkner

Frank J. Girardin

Albert W. Gregg

William A. Holly

Lawrence McConaha

Ellwood Morris

Alden Mote

Anna M. Newman

Micajah Thomas Nordyke

Fred Pearce Jr.

Fred Pearce Sr.

John Albert Seaford

American Impressionism
American Impressionism was a style of painting related to European Impressionism and practiced by American artists in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century through the beginning of the twentieth. The style is characterized by loose brushwork and vivid colors with a wide array of subject matters but focusing on landscapes and upper-class domestic life.
The Detroit Wheels
The Detroit Wheels were an American rock band, formed in Detroit in 1964. They served as Mitch Ryder's backup band from 1964 to 1967.

The band had a number of top twenty hits in the mid-1960s before lead singer Ryder was enticed away by Bob Crewe with offers of a solo career, after which the group quickly dissolved. Two of its former members, Jim McCarty and Johnny "Bee" Badanjek, later reunited to establish the nucleus of a new band called The Rockets, after McCarty found some fame with the hard rock outfit Cactus. After Ryder's solo effort failed, he formed a "spin-off" called The Band Detroit, which had one album with a cult following.

Steve Gaines
Steven Earl Gaines (September 14, 1949 – October 20, 1977) was an American musician. He is best known as a guitarist and backing vocalist with rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1976 until his death in the October 1977 airplane crash that claimed other band members and crew.  His older sister Cassie Gaines, a backup vocalist with the band, also died in the crash.
Gentiana calycosa
Gentiana calycosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial gentian known by the common names explorer's gentian, Rainier pleated gentian, and mountain bog gentian.

Gentiana
Gentiana (/ˌdʒɛntʃiˈeɪnə/) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae), the tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species, it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue, though some are also bright yellow. The type species of the genus is Gentiana lutea.

The genus name is a tribute to Gentius, an Illyrian king who may have discovered tonic properties in gentians.
Sângeorgiu de Pădure
Sângeorgiu de Pădure (English (lit.): Saint George on the Heath, Hungarian: Erdőszentgyörgy [ˈɛrdøːsɛɲɟørɟ]; German: Sankt Georgen auf der Heide) is a town in Mureș County, Transylvania, Romania. Bezid (Bözöd), Bezidu Nou (Bözödújfalu), and Loțu (Lóc) villages are administratively part of the town.

Countess Claudine Rhédey de Kis-Rhéde
Countess Claudine Susanna Rhédey de Kis-Rhéde (Hungarian: Gróf kisrédei Rhédey Klaudina Zsuzsanna; 21 September 1812 – 1 October 1841) was the Hungarian wife of Duke Alexander of Württemberg. Her son, Francis, Duke of Teck, was the father of Mary of Teck, queen consort to George V of the United Kingdom. The current British monarch, Charles III, is Claudine's great-great-great-grandson.
JPEG XR
JPEG XR (JPEG extended range) is an image compression standard for continuous tone photographic images, based on the HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo) specifications that Microsoft originally developed and patented. It supports both lossy and lossless compression, and is the preferred image format for Ecma-388 Open XML Paper Specification documents.

The format is natively supported by Windows Vista and later as well as Internet Explorer 9, 10 and 11. Third-party support for the format includes Adobe AIR, Affinity Photo, Paint.NET, and Sumatra PDF.

Open XML Paper Specification
Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS) is an open specification for a page description language and a fixed-document format. Microsoft developed it as the XML Paper Specification (XPS). In June 2009, Ecma International adopted it as international standard ECMA-388.

It is an XML-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path (print processing data representation and data flow) and a color-managed vector document format that supports device independence and resolution independence. In Windows 8 .xps was replaced with the ECMA standard .oxps format which is not natively supported in older Windows versions.

OpenXPS was introduced by Microsoft as an alternative to Portable Document Format (PDF). However, PDF remained the standard choice, and support for and user familiarity with XPS files is limited. It has been described as neglected technology, which may cause difficulties to recipients of documents in a format they are not familiar with.
Cayetano Martínez
Cayetano Martínez de Irujo y Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Arjona, 14th Count of Salvatierra, GE, OLY (born 4 April 1963) is a Spanish equestrian. He competed in equestrian events at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

He is the current Count of Salvatierra and Duke of Arjona. He had been married to the Mexican-born model and TV personality Genoveva Casanova, with whom he has a son and a daughter (twins). On 4 October 2025 he married Bárbara Mirjan, who works as a events coordinator.

Count of Salvatierra
Count of Salvatierra (Spanish: Conde de Salvatierra) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1613 by Philip III to Diego Sarmiento de Sotomayor, Lord of Salvaterra and of the Castle of Sobroso.

The title's name refers to the municipality of Salvaterra de Miño in Galicia, Spain.
Egirdira
Egirdira is a monospecific genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Leuciscinae of the  family Leuciscidae, which includes the daces, Eurasian minnows and related species. Its only species is Egirdira nigra, or the yag baligi. It is found only in Turkey, in tributaries of Lake Egridir in Central Anatolia. It is considered an Endangered species (EN) since 2013, an improvement from Critically Endangered (CR) which was the status between 1996 and 2006.

Leuciscinae
Leuciscinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Leuciscidae, which includes the fishes known as daces, chubs, shiners and minnows. The fishes in this subfamily are mainly found in Eurasia, with one genus (Notemigonus) in North America.
Rotello
Rotello is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Campobasso.

Rotello borders the following municipalities: Montelongo, Montorio nei Frentani, San Martino in Pensilis, Santa Croce di Magliano, Serracapriola, Torremaggiore, and Ururi.

Santa Croce di Magliano
Santa Croce di Magliano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Campobasso in the Italian region Molise, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Campobasso. The settlement was formerly inhabited by an Arbëreshë community, who have since assimilated.

S. Croce di Magliano is on a hilltop approximately 608 metres (1,995 ft) above sea level, just north of the Fortore river.  In the Middle Ages the Roman settlements gave rise to "casali", or rural hamlets, and in the Hohenstaufen period (13th century) Santa Croce is recorded as a fiefdom of the Stipide family.  In 1266 it became a fiefdom of the Monastery of Sant'Eustachio.

Among the local churches are Sant'Antonio da Padova and San Giacomo.

Santa Croce di Magliano borders the following municipalities: Bonefro, Castelnuovo della Daunia, Montelongo, Rotello, San Giuliano di Puglia, Torremaggiore.
Gabriele Gatti
Gabriele Gatti (born 27 March 1953) is a Sammarinese politician who was a captain regent (head of government for San Marino) for the October 2011 to April 2012 political term. The post was shared with Matteo Fiorini. He was Secretary for Finance from December 2008 to April 2010.

Gabriele Gatti, on 28 November 2011, denied all accusations of being the political reference, of the San Marino Connection, falling in Staffa Operation.

On 18 September 2012, Gabriele Gatti was mentioned several times in the "Final Report of the Council Commission for the phenomenon of infiltration of organized crime with powers of investigation" prepared by the Sammarinese Anti-Mafia Commission.

San Marino Secretary of State for Finance and Budget
The Secretary of State for Finance and Budget (Italian: Segretario di Stato per le finanze e il bilancio) is the Minister of Finance of San Marino.

Together with the Secretary for Interior and the Secretary for Foreign Affairs, this officer is one of the three members of the executive Congress of State directly appointed by the Grand and General Council, the parliament of the republic. The position was established in 1969.
Sir Roger de Pulesdon
Sir Roger de Pulesdon (otherwise 'Pyvelesdon' / Puleston etc) from Puleston in Shropshire, was the son of Sir Roger de Pyvelesdon, who was commemorated by his son and namesake with a Market Cross ('the Puleston Cross') in Newport, near the family's home.

He is found recorded as Sheriff of Staffordshire and Salop in 1285.

Sir Roger (the son) was appointed by Edward I as the first High Sheriff of Anglesey following the defeat, occupation and dismemberment of the Kingdom of Gwynedd in 1284. His tenure came to an end at the height of the rising of Madoc ap Llywelyn in 1295. The hated sheriff was seized and hanged by the Anglesey Welshmen during a sudden raid on the borough of Caernarvon.

Sir Roger de Pyvelesdon
Sir Roger de Pyvelesdon (otherwise 'Puleston' etc.) is cited as Sheriff of Shropshire and Staffordshire c.1240s.

He died in 1272 and his son and namesake Sir Roger de Puleston erected a market cross in his father's memory. This is confirmed in a deed dated 1285, signed by Roger (the son), which included these words: the cross set up for the soul of Roger de Pyvelesdon who died in 1272.
Mata Hari (1985 film)
Mata Hari is a 1985 erotic biographical film directed by Curtis Harrington, produced by Golan-Globus and featuring Sylvia Kristel in the title role of exotic dancer Mata Hari, executed for espionage during World War I.

The film portrays Mata Hari as an innocent woman manipulated by the secret services of Germany and France into providing intelligence, at first unwittingly and unwillingly, and later driven by the nonpartisan desire to save lives. Eventually she is cynically sacrificed by the French who are aware of her innocence but believe her execution will boost morale.

Elsbeth Schragmüller
Elsbeth Schragmüller (7 August 1887, Schlüsselburg near Petershagen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire — 24 February 1940, Munich, Nazi Germany), also known as Fräulein Doktor and Mademoiselle Docteur, as well as Fair Lady, La Baronne and Mlle. Schwartz, was a German university professor-turned-spymaster for Abteilung III b in German-occupied Belgium during World War I.
Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Cumilla
The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Cumilla is an autonomous organization that is responsible for holding public examinations Secondary School Certificate (S.S.C.) and Higher Secondary (School) Certificate (H.S.C) in the Comilla District and five nearby districts of Meghna Division. The board was established in 1962 under The Intermediate and Secondary Education Ordinance, 1961 (East Pakistan Ordinance) (Ordinance NO. XXXIII OF 1961) which was amended on 1977 as Intermediate and Secondary Education (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 (Ordinance No. XVII of 1977).

The present chairperson of the board is Md: Nizamul Karim.

Higher Secondary Certificate
Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC), Higher Secondary School Certificate, Higher Secondary Education Certificate (HSEC) or Intermediate Examination is a secondary education qualification in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. It is equivalent to the final year of high school in the United States and A level in the United Kingdom.
MCOLN3
Mucolipin-3 also known as TRPML3 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN3 gene.  It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.

MCOLN1
Mucolipin-1 (ML1) also known as TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily, member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCOLN1 gene.  It is a member of the small family of the TRPML channels, a subgroup of the large protein family of TRP ion channels.

TRPML1 is a 65 kDa protein associated with mucolipidosis type IV. Its predicted structure includes six transmembrane domains, a transient receptor potential (TRP) cation-channel domain, and an internal channel pore. TRPML1 is believed to channel iron ions across the endosome/lysosome membrane into the cell and so its malfunction causes cellular iron deficiency. It is important in lysosome function and plays a part in processes such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis and autophagy.
Fusaro Lake
Lake Fusaro (Italian: Lago di Fusaro, Latin: Acherusia Palus, Ancient Greek: Ἀχερουσία λίμνη, romanized: Acherousia limne) is a lake situated in the province of Naples, Italy, in the territory of the community of Bacoli. It is about 0.5 miles (800 m) from Baia, and about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the acropolis of Cumae. It is separated from the sea by a narrow coastal strip. It is a very unusual ecosystem of great interest, characterized by a variety of vegetation specific to the region.

Cumae
Cumae (Ancient Greek: Κύμη, romanized: (Kumē) or Κύμαι (Kumai) or Κύμα (Kuma); Italian: Cuma) was the first ancient Greek colony of Magna Graecia on the mainland of Italy and was founded by settlers from Euboea in the 8th century BCE. It became a rich Roman city, the remains of which lie near the modern village of Cuma, a frazione of the comune Bacoli and Pozzuoli in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy. The archaeological museum of the Campi Flegrei in the Aragonese castle contains many finds from Cumae.
Harttiella
Harttiella is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, and the subfamily Loricariinae, the armoured suckermouth catfishes. The fishes in this genus are found in South America.

Loricariinae
Loricariinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Loricariidae, the armored suckermouth catfishes. This subfamily is divided into two tribes and about 30 genera. They are mainly native to freshwater habitats in South America, but there are also several species (in genera Crossoloricaria, Dasyloricaria, Rineloricaria, Spatuloricaria, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys) in Panama and a single (Rineloricaria) in Costa Rica.
Shimo-Akasaka Castle
Shimo-Akasaka Castle (下赤坂城, Shimo-Akasaka-jō) is a late Kamakura period Japanese castle located in the village of  Chihayaakasaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1934. It is also referred to as simply Akasaka Castle (赤坂城, Akasaka-jō).

Chihayaakasaka
Chihayaakasaka (千早赤阪村, Chihayaakasaka-mura) is a village located in Minamikawachi District, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.  As of 31 December 2021, the village had an estimated population of 4,970 in 2267 households and a population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 30.70 square kilometres (11.85 sq mi).
Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen
Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsn̩ˌbʊʁk ɡʊntsn̩ˈhaʊzn̩] ⓘ) is a Landkreis (district) in the west of Bavaria, Germany with a population of 95,000. Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise) Ansbach, Roth, Eichstätt and Donau-Ries. It is located in the south of Middle Franconia, 50 kilometres south of Nuremberg. Largest city and the administrative center is Weißenburg in Bayern.

Ansbach (district)
Ansbach (German pronunciation: [ˈansbax]) is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It surrounds – but does not include – the town of Ansbach; nonetheless the administrative seat of the district is located in Ansbach. It is the district with the largest area in Bavaria. At the end of December 2022, the district population was 188,623.
Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
Count Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (by a different way of counting: Adolf IV; 10 November 1443 – 6 July 1511) was a son of Count John II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and his wife Mary of Nassau-Siegen (1418–1472).  After his father's death in 1480, he ruled Nassau-Wiesbaden and his brother Philip ruled Nassau-Idstein.  After Philip's childless death in 1509, Adolf III ruled also ruled Nassau-Idstein.

Adolf served in the army of the Habsburg Duke consort and later Emperor Maximilian I and participated in the conquest of the Duchy of Gelre in 1478.  In 1481, he was appointed stadtholder of the County of Zutphen and in 1489 also as stadtholder of Gelre.  However, in 1492 Charles II was reinstated as Duke of Guelders.  Adolf then returned to Germany

John II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein
John II of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (born: 1419; died: 9 May 1480) was a son of Adolph II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein and his wife Margarete of Baden, a daughter of Margrave Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden en Anna of Oettingen.  After his father's death in 1426, he ruled Nassau-Wiesbaden and Nassau-Idstein.
Otterburn Training Area
The Otterburn Army Training Estate is a military training area near Otterburn, Northumberland, in northern England.  It is owned by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and operated by Landmarc on contract from the MoD's Defence Infrastructure Organisation.

Otterburn, Northumberland
Otterburn is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, 31 miles (50 km) northwest of Newcastle upon Tyne on the banks of the River Rede, near its confluence with the Otter Burn, from which the village derives its name. It lies within the Cheviot Hills about 16 miles (26 km) from the Scottish border. The parish of Otterburn is at the heart of Redesdale, a Northumbrian upland valley. In 2011 the parish had a population of 654.
Lakehead District School Board
The Lakehead District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 6A prior to 1999) oversees all secular English-language public schools in the Thunder Bay CMA and the townships of Gorham and Ware in Ontario, Canada.  It administers education at 22 elementary schools, 3 secondary schools and an adult education centre.

Oliver Paipoonge
Oliver Paipoonge is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario, located directly west of the city of Thunder Bay. The municipality was formed on January 1, 1998, with the amalgamation of the former Township of Oliver and Township of Paipoonge.

The municipality is part of Thunder Bay's Census Metropolitan Area.
Kōkimae Station
Kōkimae Station (工機前駅, Kōkimae-eki) is a passenger railway station on the Minato Line in the city of Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operator Hitachinaka Seaside Railway.

Hitachinaka, Ibaraki
Hitachinaka (ひたちなか市, Hitachinaka-shi) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 July 2020, the city had an estimated population of 154,663 in 64,900 households and a population density of 1547 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 26.1%. The total area of the city is 99.96 square kilometres (38.59 sq mi). It is a "hiragana city", the place name is written with the hiragana syllabary and not the traditional kanji.
Lawoish languages
The Lawu languages or Lawoish languages are a proposed branch of Loloish languages. Internal classification within Loloish is uncertain. It may form a branch of Central Loloish, or it may be an independent branch of Loloish. The Lawu languages are:

Lawu

Awu

Lewu

Cathryn Yang (2012) suggests that Lawu is most likely a Central Ngwi language, but notes that it does not classify with Lalo, Lahu, or the Lisoid (Lisu, Lipo, Lolopo) languages.

Loloish languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi (like the Yi people) and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a sub-branch of 50–100 Tibeto-Burman languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of Southwestern China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, sub-classification is more contentious.

The 2013 edition of Ethnologue  estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Loloish ("Ngwi") languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers.
New Cross house fire
The New Cross house fire was a fire that occurred during a party at a house in New Cross, south-east London, in the early hours of Sunday, 18 January 1981. The blaze killed 13 young black people aged between 14 and 22, and one survivor killed himself two years later.

No one has ever been charged in connection with the fire, which forensic science subsequently established started inside the house. Inquests into the deaths were held in 1981 and 2004. Both inquests recorded open verdicts. In the immediate aftermath of the fire, a New Cross Massacre Action Committee (NCMAC) was set up, chaired by John La Rose, which organised a "Black People's Day of Action" on 2 March 1981, when some 20,000 people marched over a period of eight hours through London, carrying placards that bore statements including: "13 Dead, Nothing Said".

Menelik Shabazz
Menelik Shabazz (30 May 1954 – 28 June 2021) was a Barbados-born British film director, producer, educator, and writer, acknowledged as a pioneer in the development of independent Black British cinema, having been at the forefront of contemporary British filmmaking for more than 30 years. Shabazz is best known for the 1981 film Burning an Illusion, his first feature.

He was also co-founder in the 1980s of Kuumba film production company and Ceddo Film and Video Workshop, as well as being "founding father of the BFM media project" as the publisher of Black Filmmaker Magazine (BFM) and creator of BFM International Film Festival.
Bangla Pokkho
Bangla Pokkho (pronounced [ˈbaŋla ˈpɔkʰːo]) literally means Side of Bengal or In support of Bengal, is a pro-Bengali advocacy organisation that focuses on rights for Bengalis in the Republic of India. Based on Bengali nationalism, it works against the enforcing of the Hindustani language in West Bengal. It is organised along linguistic lines and is aimed at protecting Bengali culture. It uses the state slogan "Joy Bangla".

Joy Bangla
Joy Bangla or Jai Bangla  (Bengali: জয় বাংলা [dʒɔj ˈbaŋla]), is a slogan and was a war cry used in Bangladesh and in the Indian state of West Bengal to indicate nationalism towards the geopolitical, cultural and historical region of Bengal and Bangamata (also known as Bangla Maa or Mother Bengal). It translates roughly to "Victory to Bengal" or "Hail Bengal".
Wang Tiwu
Wang Tiwu (Chinese: 王惕吾, 29 August 1913 - 11 March 1996, born in Dongyang, Zhejiang, China) is the founder of the United Daily News and was a member of the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee.

Wang's family was from Zhejiang. In 1947, Wang was a colonel in the army of Chiang Kai-shek, traveled to Taiwan, and founded the newspaper United Daily News. His daughter, Wang Shaw-lan, owns the newspaper.

Wang Shaw-lan
Wang Shaw-lan (Chinese: 王效蘭; pinyin: Wáng Xiàolán; born 1941) is a Taiwanese businesswoman who serves as the publisher of the United Daily News and the publishing-ceased Min Sheng Bao in Taiwan. She studied at Shih Hsin University, graduating in 1964.