hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whitexican
Whitexican is a pejorative term used in Mexico to refer to white-skinned Mexicans who usually have social and economic advantages, and who allegedly "are not aware of the prevailing system of inequalities in Mexico and believe that all Mexican citizens have the same opportunities." The term became popular on social media in the late 2010s. Since then, it has been the subject of interest among journalists and academics due to the discourses motivated by racial inequality in Mexico.

Racism in Mexico
Racism in Mexico has a long history. It is understood to be inherited from the caste system of the colonial period. However, this was not a rigid system, nor explicitly about race. In general today, people who are darker-skinned, including Black and Indigenous Mexicans, make up nearly all of the peasantry and working classes, while lighter-skinned Mexicans – many being criollo, directly of Spanish descent – are in the ruling elite. "According to INEGI, skin color continues to be a factor in social stratification... with lighter skin color, [there are] more opportunities to have better paid jobs and better managerial positions."

Additionally, racism and xenophobia are closely linked in Mexico. There are a number of historic and recent examples that include legally barring certain nationalities and ethnicities entry into the country, insensitive treatment and stereotyping of other races, and the notorious 1911 Torreón massacre of a Chinese community.
Direction determination
Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding. The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

Pole star
A pole star is a visible star that is approximately aligned with the axis of rotation of an astronomical body; that is, a star whose apparent position is close to one of the celestial poles. On Earth, a pole star would lie directly overhead when viewed from the North or the South Pole.

Currently, Earth's pole stars are Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris), a bright magnitude 2 star aligned approximately with its northern axis that serves as a pre-eminent star in celestial navigation, and a much dimmer magnitude 5.5 star on its southern axis, Polaris Australis (Sigma Octantis).

From around 1700 BC until just after 300 AD, Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris) and Pherkad (Gamma Ursae Minoris) were twin northern pole stars, though neither was as close to the pole as Polaris is now.
Trakiya Heights
The Trakiya Heights (63°45′07″S 58°31′10″W﻿ / ﻿63.75194°S 58.51944°W﻿ / -63.75194; -58.51944﻿ (Trakiya Heights)) are heights that rise to 1,350 metres (4,430 ft) on Trinity Peninsula, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Russell West Glacier
Russell West Glacier (63°40′S 58°50′W﻿ / ﻿63.667°S 58.833°W﻿ / -63.667; -58.833﻿ (Russell West Glacier)) is a glacier, 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) long and 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) wide, which lies immediately north of Detroit Plateau and flows from Mount Canicula westward into Bone Bay, on the north side of Trinity Peninsula. This glacier together with Russell East Glacier, which flows eastward into Prince Gustav Channel on the south side of Trinity Peninsula, form a through glacier across the north part of Antarctic Peninsula.
Unigrids
The Unigrid (also called the Unigrid system) is a standardized graphic-design and production system used by the National Park Service (NPS) for its official visitor brochures (often called park brochures) and related informational folders. Developed in 1977 under NPS publications leadership and modernist designer Massimo Vignelli, it replaced a wide range of earlier brochure sizes and styles with a modular grid, standardized folding panels, and consistent production specifications intended to reduce printing complexity and cost while maintaining flexibility in layout and content.

Harpers Ferry Center
Harpers Ferry Center (HFC) is a National Park Service (NPS) service center in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, that provides interpretive media and related services to units of the National Park System. Its work includes producing and supporting exhibits, publications (including park brochures), films and audiovisual programs, mobile and digital products, interpretive plans, signs, and wayside exhibits, and providing museum conservation services and technical assistance for media projects. HFC is also home to the NPS History Collection and the HFC Commissioned Art Collection.
Annasnappet Pond Site
The Annasnappet Pond Site was excavated, beginning in 1978 by the Public Archaeology Lab, when the Massachusetts Highway Department began the process of relocating Route 44 through Plympton, Plymouth, Carver and Kingston. Because the department was using federal funds, it was required to do an archaeological survey of the area, which revealed potential for sites at Annasnappet Pond in Carver, Massachusetts.

Carver, Massachusetts
Carver is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 11,645 at the 2020 census.  It is named for John Carver, the first governor of the Plymouth Colony. The town features two popular tourist attractions: Edaville USA theme park and King Richard's Faire, the largest and longest-running renaissance fair in New England.
National Route 929 (Costa Rica)
National Tertiary Route 929, or just Route 929 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 929, or Ruta 929) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Guanacaste province. It is a road in the Nicoya Peninsula, it starts at Route 906 and ends at Puerto Humo, on the shores of Tempisque river.

National Route 906 (Costa Rica)
National Tertiary Route 906, or just Route 906 (Spanish: Ruta Nacional Terciaria 906, or Ruta 906) is a National Road Route of Costa Rica, located in the Guanacaste province. It is a road in the Nicoya Peninsula, it starts and ends at Route 150.
Global Compact for Migration
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) is an intergovernmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, that describes itself as covering "all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner".

The compact was formally endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly on 19 December 2018.

The Compact is a "non-binding cooperative framework", meaning it has limited weight under international law.

International migration
International migration occurs when people cross state boundaries and reside outside their country of nationality or birth. This encompasses individuals moving both permanently and temporarily, regardless of their legal status. Migration occurs for many reasons. Many people leave their home countries in order to look for economic opportunities in another country. Others migrate to be with family members who have migrated previously or because of political conditions in their countries. Education is another reason for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad, although this migration is sometimes temporary, with a return to the home country after the studies are completed.

International migration is generally contrasted with internal migration.
National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture
The National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture (Ukrainian: Націона́льна акаде́мія образотво́рчого мисте́цтва і архітекту́ри, НАОМА) is an art university in Kyiv, Ukraine specialising in visual arts and architecture. It has departments of painting, sculpture, illustration, graphic design, stage design, architecture, art conservation, art management.

Mykhailo Boychuk
Mykhailo Lvovych Boychuk (Ukrainian: Миха́йло Льво́вич Бойчу́к; 30 October 1882 – 13 July 1937) was a Ukrainian monumentalist and modernist painter. He is considered a representative of the generation of the Executed Renaissance.
McMinn County, Tennessee
McMinn County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in East Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,276 . The county has a total area of 432 square miles (1,120 km2). Most of the county is within the Ridge and Valley area of the Appalachian Mountains. Its county seat is Athens. McMinn County, along with Meigs County comprises the Athens, TN Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Bradley County, Tennessee
Bradley County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 108,620, making it the thirteenth most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Cleveland. It is named for Colonel Edward Bradley of Shelby County, Tennessee, who was colonel of Hale's Regiment in the American Revolution and the 15th Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteers in the War of 1812. Bradley County is included in the Cleveland, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Chattanooga-Cleveland-Dalton, TN-GA-AL Combined Statistical Area.
Battle of Antipaxos
The Battle of Antipaxos of 1537 was a naval encounter between a fleet captained by Andrea Doria, grand admiral of King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, and an Ottoman flotilla led by Ali Çelebi. It frames in the Italian War of 1536–1538, but events in its course led also to the beginning of the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1737-1540.

Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540)
The Third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–1540) was one of the Ottoman–Venetian wars which took place during the 16th century. The war arose out of the Franco-Ottoman alliance between Francis I of France and Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.  The initial plan between the two had been to jointly invade Italy,  Francis through Lombardy in the North and Süleyman through Apulia to the South.  However, the proposed invasion failed to take place.
USS Thresher (SSN-593)
USS Thresher (SSN-593) was the lead boat of her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. She was the U.S. Navy's second submarine to be named after the thresher shark.

On 10 April 1963, Thresher sank during deep-diving tests about 350 km (220 mi) east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, killing all 129 crew and shipyard personnel aboard. Her loss was a watershed moment for the U.S. Navy, leading to the implementation of a rigorous submarine safety program known as SUBSAFE. The first nuclear submarine lost at sea, Thresher was also the third of four submarines lost with more than 100 people aboard, the others being the French Surcouf, sinking with 130 personnel in 1942, USS Argonaut, lost with 102 aboard in 1943, and Russian Kursk, which sank with 118 aboard in 2000.

George Whelan Anderson Jr.
George Whelan Anderson Jr. (December 15, 1906 – March 20, 1992) was an admiral in the United States Navy and a diplomat. Serving as the Chief of Naval Operations between 1961 and 1963, he was in charge of the US blockade of Cuba during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
West New Brighton station
West New Brighton, also referred to as West Brighton, is a station on the abandoned North Shore Branch of the Staten Island Railway. It had two side platforms and two tracks. It was located at-grade in the West New Brighton section of Staten Island, north of Richmond Terrace between North Burgher Avenue and Broadway. The station site is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) from the Saint George terminus. No trace of the station exists today.

West New Brighton, Staten Island
West New Brighton (also called West Brighton) is a neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City, situated in the central area of North Shore. The neighborhood is bordered by New Brighton to the east, Port Richmond to the west, the waters of the Kill Van Kull to the north, and the communities of Sunnyside and Castleton Corners to the south.

West New Brighton is part of Staten Island Community District 1 and its ZIP Code is 10310. West New Brighton is patrolled by the 120th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
2018–2021 Shies protests
Protests against the construction of a landfill at Shies station  were environmentalist protests in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic, which began in 2018 to stop the construction of a landfill and complete waste reform in Russia. The landfill was intended for storing solid household and industrial waste exported from Moscow and other regions of Russia, since its construction was planned in swampy areas and posed a danger to residents of the region, as it could lead to contamination of surface and underground water sources. The protests ultimately ended when the government accepted the demands of the protestors.

Shiyes railway station
Shiyes railway station is a railway station in Lensky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the section of the Northern Railway between the stations Urdoma (30 km) and Madmas (19 km), 4 km from the internal border with the Republic of Komi. It is part Urdomskoye Urban Settlement.
Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues
Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues is a 1984 American made-for-television biographical film and a semi-sequel to the 1979 television version of The Miracle Worker. It is a drama based on the life of the deafblind and mute Helen Keller and premiered in syndication on April 23, 1984, as part of Operation Prime Time syndicated programming.

Operation Prime Time
Operation Prime Time (OPT) was a consortium of American independent television stations to develop prime time programming for independent stations. OPT and its spin-off syndication company, Television Program Enterprises (TPE), were formed by Al Masini. During its existence, OPT was considered the de facto fourth television network. OPT was also called an occasional television network and occasional program alternative.

OPT inspired syndication and network models that arose in later years, such as The Disney Afternoon, Prime Time Entertainment Network, The CW Plus, and MyNetworkTV.
Deshaies
Deshaies (French pronunciation: [deɛ]; Guadeloupean Creole: Déhé) is a commune in the French overseas region and department of Guadeloupe, in the Lesser Antilles. It is on the northwest coast of Basse-Terre Island.

The inhabitants are called Deshaisiens.

Death in Paradise
Death in Paradise is a crime television series created by Robert Thorogood, starring Ben Miller (Series 1–3), Kris Marshall (Series 3–6), Ardal O'Hanlon (Series 6–9), Ralf Little (Series 9–13) and Don Gilet (Series 13–present).

The programme is filmed on the French Caribbean island of Guadeloupe. It is broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom, France 2 in France, PBS in the United States, and Prime in New Zealand (with repeats on BBC UKTV), and on Foxtel's BBC First channel, ABC, 9Gem in Australia and repeat episodes on Atreseries Spanish tv channel.

Since its debut, Death in Paradise has enjoyed high viewing figures and a generally positive critical reception, leading to repeated renewals. The series is currently renewed for at least one more series, airing until 2026.

A spin-off series, Beyond Paradise, starring Marshall's character Humphrey Goodman, began airing in 2023. A second spin-off, Return to Paradise, made for ABC television in Australia and BBC One, debuted in 2024.
Oil Price Information Service
Oil Price Information Service (OPIS) is a price reporting agency which provides information that is used for commercial contracts and trade settlement related to petroleum, gasoline, diesel, ethanol, biodiesel, LP-gas, jet fuel, crude, natural gas, petrochemicals, recycled plastics, refinery feedstocks, residual fuel, and kerosene.  It is based in Rockville, Maryland and has offices in  New Jersey, Houston, Texas, Minnesota, and internationally in Sweden, Romania, Singapore, and Japan.

On August 2, 2021, it was announced that News Corp, the parent company of Dow Jones & Co., would buy OPIS from IHS Markit for US$1.15 billion. When the purchase was finalized on February 28, 2022, the company became a unit of News Corp.

Dow Jones & Company
Dow Jones & Company, Inc. (also known simply as Dow Jones) is an American publishing firm owned by News Corp, and led by CEO Almar Latour. The company publishes The Wall Street Journal, Barron's, MarketWatch, Mansion Global, Financial News and Private Equity News.

The company is best known for its historical publication of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and related market statistics. It published the DJIA from 1882 until 2010, when News Corp then sold 90% ownership of the Dow Jones stock market indices business to CME Group; News Corp sold CME its remaining 10% in 2013.
Andhra Christian Theological College
17°25′00.4″N 78°29′17.7″E﻿ / ﻿17.416778°N 78.488250°E﻿ / 17.416778; 78.488250

Andhra Christian Theological College (ACTC) is a seminary in Telangana which was founded in 1964. It is affiliated with India's first university, the Senate of Serampore College (University) (a university under section 2(f) of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956), and has degree-granting authority under a Danish charter ratified by the government of West Bengal. ACTC is on the Hussain Sagar canal (north) in Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the Secunderabad Junction railway station.

Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church
Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church (AELC) was constituted in the year 1927 in Andhra Pradesh, India.  It is the Indian successor to the United Lutheran Church in America which was started as a self-supporting, self-governing, and self-propagating church among Telugu Christians.
Time Stream (Toshiko Akiyoshi Trio album)
Time Stream is a jazz trio album recorded by pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi in New York in 1984.  It was released on the Toshiba East World record label.  This album is not to be confused with the 1996 Nippon Crown release, Time Stream: Toshiko Plays Toshiko.

Time Stream: Toshiko Plays Toshiko
Time Stream: Toshiko Plays Toshiko is a small jazz combo album by pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi playing her own compositions.  It was recorded in 1996 and released by Nippon Crown Records.   This recording is not to be confused with the 1984 Toshiko Akiyoshi Trio recording, Time Stream or the 1979 Toshiko Akiyoshi Quartet (Discomate) recording, Toshiko Plays Toshiko.
Verhoeff algorithm
The Verhoeff algorithm is a checksum for error detection first published by Dutch mathematician Jacobus Verhoeff in 1969.  It was the first decimal check digit algorithm that detects all single-digit errors, and all transposition errors involving two adjacent digits, which was at the time thought impossible with such a code.

The method was independently discovered by H. Peter Gumm in 1985, this time including a formal proof and an extension to any base.

Check digit
A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection on identification numbers, such as bank account numbers, which are used in an application where they will at least sometimes be input manually. It is analogous to a binary parity bit used to check for errors in computer-generated data. It consists of one or more digits (or letters) computed by an algorithm from the other digits (or letters) in the sequence input.

With a check digit, one can detect simple errors in the input of a series of characters (usually digits) such as a single mistyped digit or some permutations of two successive digits.
Statement (computer science)
In computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out.  A program written in such a language is formed by a sequence of one or more statements. A statement may have internal components (e.g. expressions).

Many programming languages (e.g. Ada, Algol 60, C, Java, Pascal): 15  make a distinction between control flow statements and definitions/declarations statements. A definition or declaration specifies the data on which a program is to operate, while a control flow statement specifies the actions to be taken with that data.

Statements which cannot contain other statements are simple; those which can contain other statements are compound.

The appearance of a statement (and indeed a program) is determined by its syntax or grammar. The meaning of a statement is determined by its semantics.

Loop (statement)
In computer programming, a loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly, usually with minor alterations between repetitions. Loops can be used to perform a repeated action on all items in a collection, or to implement a long lived program.
Tingelstad
Tingelstad is a village in Gran Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southwest of the village of Brandbu and about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) east of the large lake Randsfjorden.

Tingelstad is the location of the Hadeland Folkemuseum which is the regional museum for the traditional district of Hadeland. Tingelstad is also the site of two churches: Old Tingelstad Church, a medieval stone church dating from the 1200s and the new parish church, Tingelstad Church which was built in 1866.

Old Tingelstad Church
Old Tingelstad Church (Norwegian: Tingelstad gamle kirke) is a former parish church of the Church of Norway in Gran Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Tingelstad. It is part of the Gran/Tingelstad parish which is part of the Hadeland og Land prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The gray, stone church was built in a long church design around the year 1220 using plans drawn up by an unknown architect. The church seats about 110 people.
Davidstow
Davidstow (Cornish: Logdewi (village) or Pluw Dhewi (parish)) is a civil parish and village in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is north of Bodmin Moor straddling the A395 road about 3 miles (5 km) north of Camelford. The hamlets of Hallworthy, Hendraburnick, Tremail and Trewassa are in the parish. It was formerly known as Dewstow(e).

'Davidstow Cheddar' and 'Cathedral City' brands of cheese are produced at Davidstow Creamery which is operated by Dairy Crest using water ultimately from St David's Holy well, next to the parish church.

A military airfield, RAF Davidstow Moor, was built near the village during the Second World War and was later used as a motor racing circuit.

Bodmin Moor
Bodmin Moor (Cornish Standard Written Form: Goon Brenn) is a granite moorland in north-eastern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 208 square kilometres (80 sq mi) in size, and the granite dates from the Permian period of geological history. It includes Brown Willy, the highest point in Cornwall, and Rough Tor, a slightly lower peak. Many of Cornwall's rivers have their sources here. It has been inhabited since at least the Neolithic era, when early farmers started clearing trees and farming the land. They left their megalithic monuments, hut circles and cairns, and the Bronze Age culture that followed left further cairns, and more stone circles and stone rows. By medieval and modern times, nearly all the forest was gone and livestock rearing predominated.

The name Bodmin Moor is relatively recent. An early mention is in the Royal Cornwall Gazette of 28 November 1812. The upland area was formerly known as Fowey Moor after the River Fowey, which rises within it.
William Robert Brooks
William Robert Brooks (June 11, 1844 – May 3, 1921) was a British-born American astronomer, mainly noted as being one of the most prolific discoverers of new comets of all time, second only to Jean-Louis Pons.

Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Hobart and William Smith Colleges is a private liberal arts college in Geneva, New York. It traces its origins to Geneva Academy established in 1797. Students can choose from over 70 areas of study with degrees in Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science in Management, and Master of Arts in Higher Education Leadership.

HWS also offers joint-degree programs in engineering with Dartmouth College or Columbia University, and in law with Cornell Law School.

The president is Mark D. Gearan, former director of the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics. From 1995 to 1999, he served as the director of the Peace Corps.