hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cardiff Mail Centre
Cardiff Mail Centre (also known as Penarth Road Sorting Office) is the main headquarters and sorting office for Royal Mail in Cardiff, Wales, and one of the main mail centres for the southwest of the United Kingdom.

CF postcode area
The CF postcode area, also known as the Cardiff postcode area, is a group of 46 postcode districts for post towns: Cardiff, Bridgend, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Aberdare, Bargoed, Barry, Cowbridge, Dinas Powys, Ferndale, Hengoed, Llantwit Major, Maesteg, Mountain Ash, Penarth, Pentre, Pontyclun, Pontypridd, Porth, Porthcawl, Tonypandy, Treharris and Treorchy in south Wales. The CF postcode area is one of six with a population above 1 million.
Indonesian Community Shield
The Indonesian Community Shield was a pre-season football competition held the week before the season begins in Indonesia every year. It was contested by the winners of the Indonesia Super League/Indonesian Premier League and Piala Indonesia in the previous season, as a curtain raiser to the new season. If the same team wins both Indonesian League and Piala Indonesia, then the Community Shield is contested by the League winners and the Piala Indonesia runners-up.

The current holders are Semen Padang, who defeated Persibo Bojonegoro 4–1 in the 2013 edition. Piala Indonesia was not held in many years so that the Indonesian Community Shield is not held for the season.

2013 Indonesian Community Shield
The 2013 Indonesian Community Shield was the third Indonesian Community Shield. The match was contested by the 2011–12 Indonesian Premier League winners Semen Padang FC and 2012 Piala Indonesia winners Persibo Bojonegoro. It took place on 10 February 2013 at the Haji Agus Salim Stadium in Padang, Indonesia. Semen Padang won the match 4–1.
Châtelat
Châtelat (French pronunciation: [ʃatla]) was a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois), however a majority of the residents in Châtelat are German speaking. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.

Monible
Monible is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.
Michèle Kahn Spike
Michèle Kahn Spike is an American lawyer, historian, and lecturer. She graduated from Boston University School of Law in 1976 and became a member of the Bar of the State of New York in 1977, concentrating in international corporate law. From the late 1980s until 2011, she lived in Florence, Italy together with her husband, art historian John Spike. Since fall 2012 she has been teaching at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William & Mary, and she was appointed as Visiting Professor of the Practice of Law in 2017.

John Spike
John Thomas Spike (born November 8, 1951, in New York City) is an American art historian, curator, and author, specializing in the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods. He is also a contemporary art critic and past director of the Florence Biennale.

Spike earned his B.A. at Wesleyan University in Connecticut and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard University. His doctoral dissertation was a study of Mattia Preti, a painter of the Caravaggio school. In 1999, he was awarded honorary citizenship of Taverna, Italy, Preti's birthplace. In recognition of his studies of two Knights of St. John, Mattia Preti and Caravaggio, in 2013 Queen Elizabeth II appointed Spike to the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.
Minister for Transport (Ireland)
The Minister for Transport (Irish: An tAire Iompair) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Transport.

The Minister for Transport since January 2025 is Darragh O'Brien, TD. He is also Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Seán Canney, TD – Minister of State at the Department of Transport with special responsibility for international and road transport and logistics.

Jerry Buttimer, TD – Minister of State at the Department of Transport with special responsibility for rural transport

Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment
The Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment (Irish: An tAire Aeráide, Fuinnimh agus Comhshaoil) is a senior minister in the Government of Ireland and leads the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment.

The Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment since January 2025 is Darragh O'Brien, TD. He is also the Minister for Transport.

He is assisted by two Ministers of State:

Alan Dillon, TD – Minister of State for the circular economy.

Timmy Dooley, TD – Minister of State for the marine
Cashmere Mountain
Cashmere Mountain is an 8,514-foot (2,595-metre) mountain summit located in Chelan County of Washington state. Cashmere Mountain is situated within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. It is part of the Wenatchee Mountains which are subset of the Cascade Range. The nearest higher neighbor is Cannon Mountain, 4.4 mi (7.1 km) to the southeast. Precipitation runoff from this mountain drains into tributaries of Icicle Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Wenatchee River.

Wenatchee Mountains
The Wenatchee Mountains are a range of mountains in central Washington State in the United States of America. A major subrange of the Cascade Range, extending east 50 miles (80 km) from the Cascade crest, the Wenatchee Mountains separate the drainage basins of the Yakima and the Wenatchee rivers. The crest of the range forms part of the boundary between Chelan and Kittitas counties.
Stephen Arthur Jennings
Stephen Arthur Jennings (May 11, 1915 – February 2, 1979) was a mathematician who made contributions to the study of modular representation theory (Jennings 1941).  His advisor was Richard Brauer, and his student Rimhak Ree discovered two infinite series of finite simple groups known as the Ree groups.  Jennings was an editor of Mathematics Magazine and an acting president of the University of Victoria.

Richard Brauer
Richard Dagobert Brauer (February 10, 1901 – April 17, 1977) was a German and American mathematician. He worked mainly in abstract algebra, but made important contributions to number theory. He was the founder of modular representation theory.
Kazamaki's condition
In mathematics, Kazamaki's condition gives a sufficient criterion ensuring that the Doléans-Dade exponential of a local martingale is a true martingale. This is particularly important if Girsanov's theorem is to be applied to perform a change of measure. Kazamaki's condition is more general than Novikov's condition.

Doléans-Dade exponential
In stochastic calculus, the Doléans-Dade exponential or stochastic exponential of a semimartingale X is the unique strong solution of the stochastic differential equation where  denotes the process of left limits, i.e., .

The concept is named after Catherine Doléans-Dade.  The stochastic exponential plays an important role in the formulation of Girsanov's theorem and arises naturally in all applications where relative changes are important since  measures the cumulative percentage change in .
Slut's Bush
Slut's Bush was an island off the coast of Chatham, Massachusetts.

Once a rocky, swampy island covered with low shrubs, berry bushes, and vines, it appeared on 17th century maps of Cape Cod, as well as 18th century deeds of the area. It may have been a small portion of a larger island referred to as 'Ile Nawset' or Nauset Island.

By 1864 it was described as under deep water, although stumps and roots could still be seen from a boat on a calm day.

Chatham, Massachusetts
Chatham (/ˈtʃætəm/) is a town on Cape Cod in Massachusetts. Chatham is located at the southeastern tip of Cape Cod and has historically been a fishing community. First settled by the English in 1664, the township was originally called Monomoit based on the indigenous population's term for the region.  Chatham was incorporated as a town on June 11, 1712, and has become a summer resort area. The population was 6,594 at the 2020 census and can swell to 25,000 during the summer months. There are four villages that comprise the town, those being Chatham (CDP), South Chatham, North Chatham, and West Chatham. Chatham is home to the Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge and the decommissioned Monomoy Point Light, both located on Monomoy Island. A popular attraction is the Chatham Light, which is an operational lighthouse that is operated by the United States Coast Guard.
Valmet Vihuri
Valmet Vihuri (Finnish for Gale) was a Finnish advanced two-seat fighter trainer aircraft, serving in the Finnish Air Force between 1953 and 1959. Only a few airframes have survived, including one at the Central Finland Aviation Museum in Finland.

Bristol Mercury
The Bristol Mercury is a British nine-cylinder, air-cooled, single-row, piston radial engine. Designed by Roy Fedden of the Bristol Aeroplane Company it was used to power both civil and military aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s. Developed from the earlier Jupiter engine, later variants could produce 800 horsepower (600 kW) from its capacity of 1,500 cubic inches (25 L) by use of a geared supercharger.

Almost 21,000 engines were produced, with a number also being built under license elsewhere in Europe. Several examples remain airworthy, with other preserved examples on public display in aviation museums.
Lubań County
Lubań County (Polish: powiat lubański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area  of 428.2 square kilometres (165.3 sq mi). Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubań. The county also contains the towns of Olszyna, Leśna and Świeradów-Zdrój.

As at 2006 the total population of the county is 54,493, out of which the population of Lubań is 21,087, that of Leśna is 4,439, that of Olszyna is 4,348, that of Świeradów-Zdrój is 4,147, and the rural population is 20,472.

Leśna
Leśna [ˈlɛɕna] (German: Marklissa) is a town in Lubań County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Leśna. As of 2019, the town has a population of 4,439.
Stokkelaarsbrug
Stokkelaarsbrug is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of De Ronde Venen, and lies about 12 km south of Amsterdam. It is located on the border with the province North Holland, where the small river Winkel joins the Oude Waver.

It was first mentioned in 1575 as Stoppelaers brug, and is named after the bridge. The first part is unclear. Stokkelaarsbrug is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Waverveen. It has no place name signs, and consists of about 20 houses.

De Ronde Venen
De Ronde Venen (Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈrɔndə ˈveːnə(n)] ⓘ; lit. 'the round peat bogs') is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of Utrecht. On 1 January 2011, the municipality of Abcoude was amalgamated into De Ronde Venen.
Zakarid Armenia
Zakarid Armenia (Armenian: Զաքարեան Հայաստան, romanized: Zakaryan Hayastan) alternatively known as the Zakarid Period, describes a historical period in the Middle Ages during which the Armenian vassals of the Kingdom of Georgia were ruled by the Zakarid-Mkhargrzeli dynasty. The city of Ani was the capital of the princedom. The Zakarids were vassals to the Bagrationi dynasty in Georgia, but frequently acted independently and at times titled themselves as kings. In 1236, they fell under the rule of the Mongol Empire as a vassal state with local autonomy.

During the reign of George V and Bagrat V, the Zakarid territories once again reverted to the Kingdom of Georgia. The Zakarid dynasty continued to rule Ani until around 1350, when it was conquered and ravaged by the Chobanids.

Orbelian dynasty
The House of Orbelian (Armenian: Օրբելյան) was a noble family of Armenia and a dynasty of Armenian lords of the province of Syunik, with a long history of political influence documented in inscriptions throughout the provinces of Vayots Dzor and Syunik, and recorded by the family historian Bishop Stepanos in his 1297 History of Syunik.
The Stourport High School and Sixth Form Centre
The Stourport High School & Sixth Form Centre, formerly known as the Stourport High School and Language College, opened to students in 1956 as an 11-18 school. The starting age was increased to 13 during the 1970s, but reverted to 11 in 2007 as part of the Wyre Forest Review. The school is located in the town of Stourport-on-Severn in Worcestershire, England. It was built to replace the Stourport Secondary Modern School, which was formerly Lickhill Middle.

Stourport-on-Severn
Stourport-on-Severn, often shortened to Stourport, is a town and civil parish in the Wyre Forest District of North Worcestershire, England, 4 miles to the south of Kidderminster and downstream on the River Severn from Bewdley. At the 2021 census, it had a population of 20,653.
Edmund Veesenmayer
Edmund Veesenmayer (12 November 1904 – 24 December 1977) was a high-ranking German SS functionary and Holocaust perpetrator during the Nazi era. He significantly contributed to the Holocaust in Hungary and in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH). Veesenmayer was a subordinate of Ernst Kaltenbrunner and Joachim von Ribbentrop, and worked with Adolf Eichmann. He was involved in dismembering Czechoslovakia in 1939,
in the establishment of the Ustaše-run NDH puppet state following the April 1941 German invasion of Yugoslavia, and in the selection and installation of the 1941–1944 puppet regime of Milan Nedić in the German-occupied territory of Serbia. After World War II Veesenmayer was tried and convicted at the Ministries Trial; in 1949 he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment, but was released after serving two years.

Milan Nedić
Milan Nedić (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Недић; 2 September 1878 – 4 February 1946) was a Yugoslav and Serbian army general and politician who served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Royal Yugoslav Army and minister of war in the Royal Yugoslav Government. During World War II, he collaborated with Nazi Germany and served as the prime minister of the puppet government of National Salvation, in the German occupied territory of Serbia. After the war, the Yugoslav communist authorities imprisoned him, where in 1946, according to the official version, he was killed by prison guards. There have been attempts since the 2000s to present Nedić's role in World War II more positively. All applications to rehabilitate him have so far been declined by the official Serbian courts.
Sample ballot
A sample ballot is a document sent to registered voters to help them prepare for an election. A sample ballot usually provides the voter's polling place and hours, and contains an image of what the actual ballot looks like, including candidates, questions, and instructions for voting.

Ballot
A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball (see blackballing) used to record decisions made by voters in Italy around the 16th century.

Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. In the simplest elections, a ballot may be a scrap of paper on which each voter writes in the name of a candidate, but governmental elections use printed ballots to protect the secrecy of the votes. The voter casts their ballot in a box at a polling station.

In British English, this is usually called a "ballot paper". The word ballot is used for an election process within an organization (such as a trade union "holding a ballot" of its members).
Concordia Theological Seminary
Concordia Theological Seminary is a Lutheran seminary in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It offers professional, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees affiliated with training clergy and deaconesses for the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS).

Concordia University Chicago
Concordia University Chicago is a private university in River Forest, Illinois, United States. Formerly a college exclusively for educating teachers for parochial schools, Concordia-Chicago now offers more than 100 undergraduate and graduate degree programs and enrolls more than 5,000 students. The university is a member of the Concordia University System, a nationwide network of colleges and universities affiliated with the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS).

Concordia Chicago, originally named Addison Teachers Seminary, was founded in the Lutheran tradition by German immigrants in 1864.: 7, 9  The university continues to maintain strong ties to its faith-based heritage.
Gjerstad
Gjerstad is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional region of Sørlandet, in the southeastern part of the county, along the border with Telemark county.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Gjerstad. Other villages in the municipality include Ausland, Eikeland, Fiane, Gryting, Østerholt, Rød, Sundebru, and Vestøl.

The 322-square-kilometre (124 sq mi) municipality is the 256th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Gjerstad is the 260th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,421. The municipality's population density is 7.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (20/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 2.5% over the previous 10-year period.

Rød, Gjerstad
Rød is a village in Gjerstad municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Storelva river, about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of the municipal centre of Gjerstad and about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) northeast of the village of Vestøl.
FERT
FERT is the motto of the royal House of Savoy and Kingdom of Italy. The motto was adopted by Duke Vittorio Amedeo II (1666–1732).

It appeared for the first time on the collar of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, or Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata, the primary dynastic order of the kingdom.

The meaning of the letters has been a matter of some controversy, to which a number of interpretations have been offered. The motto is believed to be an acronym of:

Foedere et Religione Tenemur (Latin: "Treaty and religion bind us");

Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit (Latin: "His strength conquered Rhodes" or "By his bravery he held [or occupied] Rhodes"), referring to the victory of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (1249–1323), who fought in the 1315 siege of Rhodes; or either

Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet (Latin: "His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state"); or

Fides Est Regni Tutela (Latin: "Faith is the protector of [our] Kingdom").

Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (Italian: Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ceased to be a national order when the kingdom became a republic in 1946. Today, the order continues as a dynastic order under the jurisdiction of the Head of the House of Savoy.
Johnny Dodds
Johnny Dodds (/ˈdɒts/; April 12, 1892 – August 8, 1940) was an American jazz clarinetist and alto saxophonist based in New Orleans, best known for his recordings under his own name and with bands such as those of Joe "King" Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Lovie Austin and Louis Armstrong. Dodds was the older brother of drummer Warren "Baby" Dodds, one of the first important jazz drummers. They worked together in the New Orleans Bootblacks in 1926. Dodds is an important figure in jazz history. He was the premier clarinetist of his era and, in recognition of his artistic contributions, he was posthumously inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame. He has been described as "a prime architect in the creation of the Jazz Age."

Lovie Austin
Cora "Lovie" Austin (September 19, 1887 – July 8, 1972) was an American Chicago bandleader, session musician, composer, singer, and arranger during the 1920s classic blues era. She and Lil Hardin Armstrong are often ranked as two of the best female jazz blues piano players of the period.
Gmina Susiec
Gmina Susiec is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Susiec, which lies approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) west of Tomaszów Lubelski and 100 km (62 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

The gmina covers an area of 190.52 square kilometres (73.6 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 7,822 (7,741 in 2013).

The gmina contains parts of the protected areas called Krasnobród Landscape Park and Puszcza Solska Landscape Park.

Puszcza Solska Landscape Park
Puszcza Solska Landscape Park, also known as Solska Forest Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Puszczy Solskiej), is a Polish Landscape Park protected area in southeastern Poland. Established in 1988, the nature park protects an area of 289.80 square kilometres (111.89 sq mi).

Puszcza Solska contains several distinct nature reserves for wildlife preservation,  including Czartowe Pole, Nad Tanwią, Szum, Bukowy Las, Obary, and Przecinka. There are three separate and protected zones, including the Solska Wilderness Area.
Country Dick Montana
Daniel Monte McLain (May 11, 1955 – November 8, 1995), known by the stage name Country Dick Montana, was an American musician best known as a member of The Beat Farmers. He was born in Carmel, California. In 1995, It was reported that Montana suffered a heart attack and died while playing "The Girl I Almost Married" during a Beat Farmers show at the Longhorn Saloon in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. The cause of death has been otherwise reported by the San Diego Reader (a publication local to the home of the Beat Farmers) as having been ruled as an aneurysm. The band disbanded shortly thereafter.

Mojo Nixon
Neill Kirby McMillan Jr. (August 2, 1957 – February 7, 2024), known professionally as Mojo Nixon, was an American musician and actor best known for his novelty song "Elvis Is Everywhere", which was an alternative staple on MTV. Nixon hosted The Loon in the Afternoon radio show on the Outlaw Country channel of Sirius XM.
Stoughton, Wisconsin
Stoughton (/ˈstoʊtən/ STOH-tən) is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. It straddles the Yahara River about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of the state capital, Madison. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,173. Stoughton is part of the Madison metropolitan area.

Known for its Norwegian heritage, Stoughton hosts a citywide celebration of Syttende Mai, the Norwegian constitution day. Part of the city's celebration of its Norwegian heritage is the Stoughton Norwegian Dancers dance group, sponsored by Stoughton High School, as well as Norwegian flags and memorabilia displayed throughout the town.

Norwegian Americans
Norwegian Americans (Norwegian: Norskamerikanere/Norskamerikanarar) are Americans with ancestral roots in Norway.  Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the latter half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than 4.5 million Norwegian Americans, according to the 2021 U.S. census; most live in the Upper Midwest and on the West Coast of the United States.