hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massive resistance
Massive resistance was a political strategy created by American politicians Harry F. Byrd and James M. Thomson aimed at getting Virginia officials to pass laws and policies preventing public school desegregation, particularly after Brown v. Board of Education. Many schools and an entire school system were shut down in 1958 and 1959 in attempts to block integration.

This lasted until the Virginia Supreme Court and a special three-judge panel of federal district judges from the Eastern District of Virginia, sitting at Norfolk, declared those policies unconstitutional. Although most of the laws created to implement massive resistance were overturned by state and federal courts within a year, some aspects of the campaign against integrated public schools continued in Virginia for many more years.

Benjamin Muse
Benjamin Muse (April 17, 1898 – May 4, 1986) was an American lawyer, soldier, diplomat, farmer, newspaper publisher, author and politician. He briefly served as a member of the Virginia Senate (switching allegiances from the Democratic to the Republican Party and was defeated when he ran as an Independent for the Petersburg, Virginia seat; he resigned as a result of that switch). In 1941 Muse, running as the Republican candidate for Governor of Virginia, lost overwhelmingly to Democrat Colgate Darden, a member of the state's Byrd Organization. Later, Muse lived in Manassas, Virginia, from where he opposed and chronicled the Massive Resistance crisis fostered by U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd and Richmond newspaperman James J. Kilpatrick as they fomented opposition to the United States Supreme Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education which overturned racial segregation in public schools.
Creseidae
Creseidae is a family of gastropods belonging to the order Pteropoda.

Genera:

Boasia Dall, 1889

† Bovicornu Meyer, 1886

† Bowdenatheca R. L. Collins, 1934 †

† Bucanoides Hodgkinson, 1992

† Camptoceratops Wenz, 1923

† Cheilospicata Hodgkinson, 1992

Creseis Rang, 1828

† Euchilotheca Fischer, 1882

† Loxobidens Hodgkinson, 1992

Styliola Gray, 1847

† Thecopsella Munier-Chalmas, 1888

Tibiella Meyer, 1884

Creseis
Creseis is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Creseidae.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)

Creseis antoni Cahuzac & A.W.Janssen, 2010

Creseis aquensis Benoist, 1889

Creseis berthae A.W.Janssen, 1989

Creseis conica Eschscholtz, 1829

Creseis corpulenta (O.Meyer, 1887)

Creseis curta A.W.Janssen, 2012

Creseis cylindrica Hodgkinson, 1992

Creseis kishimaensis Ando, 2011

Creseis maxima (Ludwig, 1864)

Creseis monotis Troschel, 1854

Creseis phaeostoma Troschel, 1854

Creseis roesti A.W.Janssen, 2010

Creseis simplex (O.Meyer, 1886)

Creseis spina (Reuss, 1867)

Creseis tugurii Cahuzac & A.W.Janssen, 2010

Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)
1901 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1901 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 11th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889.

Laune Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Dr. Crokes in the second round.

The final was played on 3 August 1902, between Dr. Crokes and Cahersiveen, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Dr. Crokes won the match by 1–02 to 0–02 to claim their first ever championship title.

1900 Kerry Senior Football Championship
The 1900 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 10th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. It was the first championship to be completed since 1897.

Tralee Mitchels entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they conceded a walkover by in the first round.

The final was played on 2 December 1900 at Tralee Sportsfield, between Laune Rangers and Dr. Crokes, in what was their second meeting overall in the final and a first in 11 years.  Laune Rangers won the match by 3–04 to 0–03 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 8 years.
Phytoplasma fraxini
Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini is a species of phytoplasma, a specialized group of bacteria which lack a cell wall and attack the phloem of plants. This phytoplasma causes the diseases ash yellows and lilac witches' broom.

Fraxinus americana
Fraxinus americana, the white ash or American ash, is a fast-growing species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America. The tree is highly valued as lumber.

The white ash population in North America was devastated by the invasive emerald ash borer, which killed hundreds of millions of them as it spread during the 1990s–2010s.  Surviving white ashes are often much younger, with the oldest and tallest white ashes largely becoming dead trees due to the emerald ash borer.
Subhas Anandan
Subhas Anandan (25 December 1947 – 7 January 2015) was a Singaporean criminal lawyer, who was known to have represented criminals in many high-profile cases that occurred in Singapore.

At the time of his death, Anandan was the senior partner in law firm RHTLaw Taylor Wessing LLP and headed its department in criminal law. He was a founding member and the first president of the Association of Criminal Lawyers of Singapore. He was also the president of Cuesports Singapore, the national sports association for billiards, snooker, and pool. Towards the end of his life, Anandan's health began to deteriorate and he died of heart failure in January 2015.

Abduction of Sindee Neo
On 7 October 2004, four-year-old Sindee Neo (梁欣蒂 Liáng Xīndí) was abducted from her flat at Telok Blangah by 36-year-old Constance Chee Cheong Hin (徐嫦欣 Xú Chángxīn), who formerly had an affair with Neo’s father. Neo subsequently fell off her block and sustained head injuries, which resulted in her death five days later. Chee, who was allegedly responsible for Neo's fatal fall, was charged with murder, an offence which warranted the death penalty within Singapore's jurisdiction.

In January 2006, after a highly reported trial in 2005, Chee, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, was found guilty of a reduced charge of manslaughter and another charge of kidnapping, and despite the prosecution's request for the maximum sentence of life imprisonment for the first charge, Justice V. K. Rajah of the High Court sentenced Chee to a total of 13 years in prison on 7 April 2006.
Aminya
Aminya is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Arsi Zone, Amigna is bordered on the south by Seru, on the southwest by Robe, on the west by Sude, on the northwest by Chole, on the north by Gololcha, and on the east by the West Hararghe Zone. Towns include Adele.

Seru (Aanaa)
Seru is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It is named after the Aanaa capital, Seru. Part of the Arsi Zone, Seru is bordered on the south and east by the Shebelle River which separates it from the Bale Zone, on the west by the Wabe River which separates it from Robe, on the north by Aminya, and on the northeast by the West Hararghe Zone. Woreda of Bale Gasegar was separated form Seru.
Hackney Downs School
Hackney Downs School was an 11–16 boys, community comprehensive secondary school in Lower Clapton, Greater London, England. It was established in 1876 and closed in 1995. It has been replaced by the Mossbourne Community Academy.

Michael Levy, Baron Levy
Michael Abraham Levy, Baron Levy (born 11 July 1944), is a British life peer and former chartered accountant who was chairman and CEO of a large independent group of music companies. A long-standing friend of former prime minister Tony Blair, Levy was the chief fundraiser for the Labour Party under Blair and spent nine years as Blair's special envoy to the Middle East.

Levy now acts as a consultant for a number of companies and is also chairman of a finance company. He is also the president of Sense and Sense International, Jewish Care, Barnet and Southgate Colleges, Jewish Free School (JFS), Jewish Lads' and Girls' Brigade (JLGB), Etz Chaim Jewish Primary School, and Mathilda Marks-Kennedy Jewish Primary School (MMK). He was previously president of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust and president of Volunteering Matters.
Fyodorovskaya Church
57°36′35″N 39°51′56″E﻿ / ﻿57.60967°N 39.865608°E﻿ / 57.60967; 39.865608

The Fyodorovskaya Church (Фёдоровская церковь) is a penticupolar parish Russian Orthodox church built by ordinary parishioners on the right bank of the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl between 1682 and 1687. It is dedicated to Theotokos Feodorovskaya, a miraculous icon from nearby Kostroma.

The building is notable as the first church in the region to be returned by the Soviets to the Russian Orthodox Church (in 1987). It served as the cathedral church of the ancient Yaroslavl-Rostov eparchy until the restored Dormition Cathedral was consecrated in 2010. During this period the relics of St. Theodore the Black and other local saints were kept there.

Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God
The Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God (Russian: Феодоровская икона Божией Матери, Feodorovskaya ikona Bozhiyey Materi), also known as Our Lady of Saint Theodore and the Black Virgin Mary of Russia, is the patron icon of the Romanov family. It is one of the most venerated icons in the Upper Volga region. Her feast days are March 14 (27) and August 29.
Malmö Västra Station
Malmö Västra station (English: Malmö West Station) is a former railway station in Malmö, Sweden. It was established in 1874 with the creation of the Malmö–Ystad Line, and from 1886 it was also used by the Malmö–Trelleborg Line. In 1941, the station was taken over by the Swedish state. A new and larger station building was built and its use as a station ended in 1955. The station building was later used as offices for the City Tunnel project.

Ystad Line
The Ystad Line (Swedish: Ystadbanan) is a 63-kilometer (39 mi) long railway line between Malmö and Ystad in Scania, Sweden. At Ystad, the line connects with the Österlen Line, which continues onwards to Simrishamn.
Progresses of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots, made three significant progresses in Scotland after her return from France in 1561 and before her marriage to Lord Darnley in 1565. Sources for her movements include letters, financial records, and the account of household expenses held by the National Records of Scotland known as the Despences de la Maison Royale. Travel, especially for the purpose of holding justice courts, was an important component of successful rule in medieval and early modern Scotland.

Mademoiselle Rallay
Mademoiselle Rallay or Madame Raylie (fl. 1561 – d. 1585) was a Scottish courtier.  She served as chamberwoman and then lady-in-waiting to Mary, Queen of Scots.  She was described as one of Mary's favorites. Her niece Renée de Rallay, also known as Beauregard, also served Mary, Queen of Scots.
C. M. Shafi Sami
CM Shafi Sami (born 27 January 1942) is a retired Bangladeshi diplomat. He was selected as an adviser of the caretaker government of Bangladesh under President Iajuddin Ahmed and resigned after about a month with three other advisers Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury, Akbar Ali Khan and Sultana Kamal. According to Sheikh Hasina, they failed to discharge their constitutional responsibilities in the name of crackdown on corruption.

Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury
Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury (born 9 September 1948) is a retired three star general of the Bangladesh Army who served as the chief of army staff from 16 June 2002 to 15 June 2005. He is the antecedent director general of Special Security Force and former ambassador to United Arab Emirates.

Chowdhury served as one of the advisers during Fakhruddin Ahmed ministry in October 2006 which he resigned after two months. He was later appointed as chairman of the Anti-Corruption Commission on February 2007 which he served till Second Hasina ministry.
Hoher Ifen
The Hoher Ifen (also Hochifen) is a 2,230 metre (according to German survey: 2,229 m) high mountain in the Allgäu Alps, west of the Kleinwalsertal valley. In winter it forms the backdrop for a small ski area. It lies on the border between Germany and Austria. The summit is the highest point on the gently, tilted Ifen plateau.

Northeast of the Ifen plateau is the Gottesacker plateau, a karst landscape which has been designated a nature reserve and which has numerous caves and rare mountain plants. The most important caves are the  Hölloch im Mahdtal  and the Schneckenloch Cave near Schönenbach.
On the eastern slopes of the massif a Stone Age dwelling site was discovered on the mountain pasture of Schneiderkürenalpe at a height of about 1,500 m.

Allgäu Alps
The Allgäu Alps (German: Allgäuer Alpen) are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps, located on the Austria–Germany border, which covers parts of the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg and the Austrian states of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. The range lies directly east of Lake Constance.
Antigonus II Gonatas
Antigonus II Gonatas (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίγονος Γονατᾶς, Antígonos; c. 320 – 239 BC) was a Macedonian Greek ruler who solidified the position of the Antigonid dynasty in Macedon after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.

Megara
Megara (/ˈmɛɡərə/; Greek: Μέγαρα, pronounced [ˈmeɣaɾa]) is a historic town and a municipality in West Attica, Greece. It lies in the northern section of the Isthmus of Corinth opposite the island of Salamis, which belonged to Megara in archaic times, before being taken by Athens. Megara was one of the four districts of Attica, embodied in the four mythic sons of King Pandion II, of whom Nisos was the ruler of Megara. Megara was also a trade port, its people using their ships and wealth as a way to gain leverage on armies of neighboring poleis. Megara specialized in the exportation of wool and other animal products including livestock such as horses. It possessed two harbors, Pagae to the west on the Corinthian Gulf, and Nisaea to the east on the Saronic Gulf of the Aegean Sea.  Greek painter Théodore Jacques Ralli created countless paintings featuring the village of Megara between 1873 and 1909.
San Javier Department, Santa Fe
The San Javier Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Javier) is an administrative subdivision (departamento) of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located on the northeast of the province, with its eastern border coinciding with the provincial border along the Paraná River.

The department's head town is the city of San Javier, which has over 15,000 inhabitants (more than half the population of the department). The department also includes the towns of Alejandra, Cacique Ariacaiquín, Colonia Durán, La Brava, and Romang.

San Javier Department borders the departments of Garay (south), San Justo (southwest), Vera (west), and General Obligado (north).

Vera Department
The Vera Department (in Spanish, Departamento Vera) is an administrative subdivision (departamento) of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the center-north of the province. It limits Chaco Province to the north, and the departments of General Obligado (east), San Javier (south-east), San Justo (south), San Cristóbal (south-west), and Nueve de Julio (west).

The Vera Department is the largest department in Santa Fe but also one of the least densely populated, as is true in the north of the province as a whole. It has over 51,000 inhabitants. Its head town is Vera (population 20,000). Other cities and towns are Calchaquí, Cañada Ombú, Fortín Olmos, Garabato, Golondrina, Intiyaco, La Gallareta, Los Amores, Margarita, Tartagal, and Toba.
Liberty State Park
Liberty State Park (LSP) is a 1,212 acres (490 ha) state park in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located on Upper New York Bay in Jersey City opposite Liberty Island and Ellis Island. The park opened in 1976 to coincide with bicentennial celebrations and is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry. Statue Cruises provides ferry service from the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal to Liberty Island and Ellis Island.

The park is the largest in Jersey City, the largest urban park in the state, the most visited New Jersey state park and one of the most visited state parks in the United States with approximately 4.5 million visitors each year as of 2025.

The main part of the park is bordered by water on three sides: on the north by the Morris Canal Big Basin and on the south and east by Upper New York Bay. The New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension, which is part of I-78, marks its western perimeter.

Black Tom explosion
The Black Tom explosion was an act of arson by field agents of the Office of Naval Intelligence of the German Empire to destroy U.S.-made munitions awaiting shipment to the Allies during World War I. The explosions occurred on July 30, 1916, in New York Harbor, killing at least 7 people and wounding hundreds more. It also caused damage of military goods worth some $20,000,000 ($580 million in 2024 dollars). This incident, which happened before U.S. entry into World War I, also damaged the Statue of Liberty. It is one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in history.
Tōbu, Nagano
Tōbu (東部町, Tobu-machi) was a town located in Chiisagata District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of March 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 26,392 and a density of 304.93 persons per km2. The total area was 86.55 km2.

On April 1, 2004, Tōbu, along with the village of Kitamimaki (from Kitasaku District), was merged to create the city of Tōmi.

Tōmi, Nagano
Tōmi (東御市, Tōmi-shi) is a city located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 June 2019, the city had an estimated population of 29,440 in 12,068 households, and a population density of 262 persons per km². The total area of the city is 112.37 square kilometres (43.39 sq mi).
Lucille Bogan
Lucille Bogan (née Anderson; April 1, 1897 – August 10, 1948) was an American classic female blues singer and songwriter, among the first to be recorded. She also recorded under the pseudonym Bessie Jackson. Music critic Ernest Borneman noted that Bogan was one of "the big three of the blues", along with Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. Many of Bogan's songs have been recorded by later blues and jazz musicians.

Many of her songs were sexually explicit, and she is generally considered to have been a "dirty blues" musician.

In 2022, she was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.

Classic female blues
Classic female blues was an early form of blues music, dominated by women that was popular in the 1920s in the United States. An amalgam of traditional folk blues and urban theater music, the style is also known as vaudeville blues. Classic blues were performed by female singers accompanied by pianists or small jazz ensembles and were the first blues to be recorded. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters, and the other singers in this genre were instrumental in spreading the popularity of the blues. Women in blues were instrumental in influencing later genres of music such as jazz, rhythm & blues and rock and roll.
Fremont Hills, Missouri
Fremont Hills is a city in southwestern Missouri in the heart of the Ozarks. It is named after General John C. Fremont, who did some of the first surveys in the area as early as 1845. Located in Christian County, Missouri, it is situated just west of the CC & 65 highway interchange, one of the main highways to Branson, Missouri. Christian County is one of the fastest growing counties in the state.  Home to one of premiere golf courses in the area with a recreational area, pool, bar/restaurant at the Fremont Hills Country Club.    The city is a golf community where you will see golf carts on the tree lined streets about as often as you do cars. The city is ranked 324 in the state by size in the latest census with a growth rate of +4.10%. The population was 1,049 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Christian County, Missouri
Christian County is located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, its population was 88,842. Its county seat is Ozark. The county was organized in 1859 and is named after  Christian County, Kentucky, which in turn is named for William Christian, a Kentucky soldier of the American Revolutionary War.

Part of the Springfield, Missouri metropolitan statistical area, Christian County experienced rapid growth between 2000 and 2010, becoming the fastest-growing county in Missouri and one of the fastest in the nation, largely due to Springfield's expansion.
Pete Calac
Pedro "Pete" Calac (May 13, 1892 – January 30, 1968) was a professional football player who played in the Ohio League and during the early years of the National Football League (NFL). Over the course of his 10-year career he played for the Canton Bulldogs, Cleveland Indians, Washington Senators, Oorang Indians and the Buffalo Bisons.

Oorang Indians
The Oorang Indians (/ˈuːræŋ/) were a traveling team in the National Football League from LaRue, Ohio (near Marion). The franchise was a novelty team put together by Walter Lingo to market his Oorang (Airedale Terrier) dog kennels. All of the Indians players were Native American, with Jim Thorpe serving as its leading player and coach. The team played in the National Football League in 1922 and 1923. Of the 20 games they played over two seasons, only one was played at "home" in nearby Marion. With a population well under a thousand people, LaRue remains the smallest town ever to have been the home of an NFL franchise, or any professional team in any league in the United States.
North Dakota College Athletic Conference
The North Dakota College Athletic Conference (NDCAC) was a college athletic conference that operated from 1931 to 2000 with member schools located in the states of Minnesota and North Dakota. The conference formed in November 1931, as the North Dakota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (NDIAC), after the dissolution of the Interstate Athletic Conference. Later known as North Dakota Intercollegiate Conference (NDIC), the conference ceased operations following the 1999–00 academic school year when it merged with the South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference (SDIC) to form the Dakota Athletic Conference (DAC).

Dakota Athletic Conference
The Dakota Athletic Conference (DAC) was a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).  As the name implies, member teams were located in the states of North Dakota and South Dakota.  The conference folded after the 2011–12 academic year.
OneJet
OneJet is a defunct virtual airline that specialized in scheduled point-to-point flights operated by small business jets and regional aircraft. Flights were operated utilizing a public charter arrangement.

Unlike some other airlines operating small aircraft under a public charter arrangement, that operate from a private terminal or fixed-base operator facility, OneJet used the normal passenger terminals and gates of the airports to which it flew.

Ultimate Jet
Ultimate Jet, formerly Ultimate Jet Charters, was a private jet charter airline based in North Canton, Ohio, United States. It was the operating name of Ultimate Jetcharters LLC, an FAR Part 135 air charter carrier. Ultimate Jet operated charter passenger flights with their fleet of Citation X and Embraer ERJ135 aircraft. Ultimate Jet previously operated public charter flights on a published schedule, serving key business routes from Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport that were reduced by Delta Air Lines and Comair. The airline suspended scheduled service operations from late 2020 to mid 2021 and again from December 16, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on business travel.