hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ferguslie Peninsula
Ferguslie Peninsula is a peninsula 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long, lying between Browns Bay and Macdougal Bay on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for Ferguslie, the residence of James Coats, chief patron of the expedition.

Cape Geddes forms the tip of the peninsula. It was named by Bruce for Professor Patrick Geddes, a noted Scottish biologist and sociologist.

A series of peaks called the Ross Peaks rise between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay.

Browns Bay (South Orkney Islands)
Browns Bay (60°43′S 44°36′W﻿ / ﻿60.717°S 44.600°W﻿ / -60.717; -44.600) is a bay 1.5 miles (2.4 km) wide, entered between Thomson Point and Cape Geddes along the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands. Charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under Bruce, who named it for Robert Neal Rudmose-Brown, naturalist of the expedition.
The Riddler Mindbender
The Riddler Mindbender, previously named Mind Bender, is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Georgia near Atlanta, Georgia. Billed as "the world's first triple-loop roller coaster" when it opened on March 31, 1978, Mindbender has maintained its popularity since its opening. In its 30th anniversary season in 2008, Mindbender was ranked #15 by Amusement Today magazine in its annual Golden Ticket Awards, and was one of only two roller coasters built before 1980 on the list; the other was its "fraternal twin," Shockwave, at Six Flags Over Texas.

Six Flags Over Georgia
Six Flags Over Georgia is a 290-acre (1.2 km2) amusement park in Mableton, Georgia, United States. Opened in 1967, it is the second park in the Six Flags chain following the original Six Flags Over Texas, which opened in 1961.

Six Flags Over Georgia is one of three parks in the Six Flags chain to have been founded by Angus G. Wynne. As with other Six Flags parks, it features themes from the Warner Bros. Entertainment library, including characters from Looney Tunes and DC Comics.
Richard A. Chaifetz School of Business
Richard A. Chaifetz School of Business is an American business school that is part of Saint Louis University, a Jesuit, Catholic university located in St. Louis, Missouri.

It is named after Richard Chaifetz, chairman and C.E.O. of ComPsych Corp., following his $27 million gift to the university.  By 2009, the school's Richard A. Chaifetz Center for Entrepreneurship ranked in the Top 10 and, and in 2010, was ranked "Top 5 for Entrepreneurs" by Fortune (magazine). The school's undergraduate business program ranked #71 in the US according to U.S. News & World Report. In 2019, four of the school's graduate programs were internationally ranked, including Entrepreneurship (No. 12), International Business (No. 13), Supply Chain Management (No. 15), and Accounting (No. 28).

As of 2010, the student body included more than 1,700 undergraduates and graduates.

Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University (SLU) is a private Jesuit research university in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1818 by Louis William Valentine DuBourg, it is the oldest university west of the Mississippi River and one of the oldest Jesuit universities in the United States. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

In the 2023–2024 academic year, SLU had an enrollment of 15,204 students. The student body included 8,502 undergraduate students and 6,702 graduate students that represent all 50 states and 96 countries.  The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Spending and Doctorate Production".

For more than 50 years, the university has maintained the Saint Louis University Madrid Campus in Spain. SLU's athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference.
Otto Lummer
Otto Richard Lummer (17 July 1860 – 5 July 1925) was a German physicist and researcher. He was born in the city of Gera, Germany. With Leon Arons, Lummer helped to design and build the Arons–Lummer mercury-vapor lamp. Lummer primarily worked in the field of optics and thermal radiation. Lummer's findings, along with others, on black body radiators led Max Planck to reconcile his earlier Planck's law of black-body radiation by introducing the quantum hypothesis in 1900.  In 1903, with Ernst Gehrcke, he developed the Lummer–Gehrcke interferometer. Lummer died in former Breslau, now Wrocław.

Ernst Gehrcke
Ernst J. L. Gehrcke (1 July 1878 in Berlin – 25 January 1960 in Hohen-Neuendorf) was a German experimental physicist. He was director of the optical department at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute. Concurrently, he was a professor at the University of Berlin. He developed the Lummer–Gehrcke method in interferometry and the multiplex interferometric spectroscope for precision resolution of spectral-line structures. As an anti-relativist, he was a speaker at an event organized in 1920 by the Working Society of German Scientists. He sat on the board of trustees of the Potsdam Astrophysical Observatory. After World War II, he worked at Carl Zeiss Jena, and he helped to develop and become the director of the Institute for Physiological Optics at the University of Jena. In 1949, he began work at the German Office for Materials and Product Testing. In 1953, he became the director of the optical department of the German Office for Weights and Measures.
Azerbaijani dances
Azerbaijani dances (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Rəqsləri) are traditional dances developed and performed in the Republic of Azerbaijan. These dances are known for their quick tempo and the dancers' traditional clothing.

Culture of Azerbaijan
The culture of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan mədəniyyəti) combines a diverse and heterogeneous set of elements which developed under the influence of Iranic, Turkic and Caucasian cultures. Azerbaijani culture includes its cuisine, literature, folk art, architecture and music.
Andezeno
Andezeno (Piedmontese: Andzen) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southeast of Turin.

Andezeno borders the following municipalities: Marentino, Montaldo Torinese, Chieri, and Arignano.

Montaldo Torinese
Montaldo Torinese is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Turin.

Montaldo Torinese borders the following municipalities: Gassino Torinese, Sciolze, Marentino, Pavarolo, Chieri, and Andezeno.
Rip Hunter
Rip Hunter is a time-traveling superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Jack Miller and artist Ruben Moreira, the character first appeared in Showcase #20 (May 1959). Following three more appearances in Showcase (#21, 25, 26), Rip Hunter was given his own series which ran for 29 issues (1961–65). He later starred in the eight-issue Time Masters series (1990), written by Bob Wayne and Lewis Shiner. After numerous revisions and following the events of the 2005 "Infinite Crisis" storyline, Hunter is established as the son of Booster Gold.

Arthur Darvill portrays Rip Hunter in the Arrowverse television series Legends of Tomorrow.

Challengers of the Unknown
The Challengers of the Unknown is a fictional group of adventurers appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. The quartet of adventurers explored paranormal occurrences while facing several fantastic menaces.

The characters' provenance is uncertain. Various sources credit the group as the sole creation of artist and storyteller Jack Kirby, a co-creation with writer Dave Wood or a co-creation with Kirby's former partner Joe Simon. Following the end of the Challengers comic, DC has revived the characters in different incarnations over the years.

Some have claimed that Kirby reworked the basic concept of the series with Stan Lee in 1961 to create The Fantastic Four, the first creation that marked the rise of Marvel Comics.
Aylesbury United F.C.
Aylesbury United Football Club is a football club based in Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England. They are currently members of Southern League Division One Central and play at Chesham United's Meadow ground. They were based in Aylesbury until being evicted from their Buckingham Road ground in 2006. They are nicknamed the Ducks due to the Aylesbury duck.

Aylesbury
Aylesbury (/ˈeɪlzbəri/ AYLZ-bər-ee or /ˈɛlzbri/ ELLZ-bree) is the county town of Buckinghamshire, England. It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre.  There is also one of the largest independent Arts Centre in the UK, the Queens Park Arts Centre which recently received the King's Award for Voluntary Service. It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes.

In 2011 its urban area had a population of 94,238 The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033.
Dacian bracelets
The Dacian bracelets are bracelets associated with the ancient people known as the Dacians, a distinct branch of the Thracians. These bracelets were used as ornaments, currency, high rank insignia and votive offerings Their ornamentations consist of many elaborate regionally distinct styles. Bracelets of various types were worn by Dacians, but the most characteristic piece of their jewelry was the large multi-spiral bracelets; engraved with palmettes towards the ends and terminating in the shape of an animal head, usually that of a snake.

Hopârta
Hopârta (German: Meerport; Hungarian: Háporton) is a commune located in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania. It has a population of 1,128 as of 2021. It is composed of five villages: Hopârta, Silivaș (Mikószilvás), Șpălnaca (Ispánlaka), Turdaș (Oláhtordos), and Vama Seacă (Szárazvámtanya).
Caṇḍeśvara Ṭhakkura
Caṇḍeśvara Thakkura was a Maithili-language political theorist and general during the 14th century. He served as minister for peace and war and chief judge in the court of Harisimhadeva who was the last King of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila. This dynasty ruled parts of modern-day Mithilanchal and Southern Nepal. His family had their origins in the village of Bisfi in modern-day Madhubani district.

Bisfi
Bisfi is a village and the headquarters of Bisfi block in the Madhubani district of North Bihar, India. It is about 26 kms from the district headquarter of Madhubani. It is the birthplace of Maithili poet Vidyapati.
Poincaré space
In algebraic topology, a Poincaré space is an n-dimensional topological space with a distinguished element μ of its nth homology group such that taking the cap product with an element of the kth cohomology group yields an isomorphism to the (n − k)th homology group.  The space is essentially one for which Poincaré duality is valid; more precisely, one whose singular chain complex forms a Poincaré complex with respect to the distinguished element μ.

For example, any closed, orientable, connected manifold M is a Poincaré space, where the distinguished element is the fundamental class

Poincaré spaces are used in surgery theory to analyze and classify manifolds. Not every Poincaré space is a manifold, but the difference can be studied, first by having a normal map from a manifold, and then via obstruction theory.

Poincaré complex
In mathematics, and especially topology, a Poincaré complex (named after the mathematician Henri Poincaré) is an abstraction of the singular chain complex of a closed, orientable manifold.

The singular homology and cohomology groups of a closed, orientable manifold are related by Poincaré duality, an isomorphism between its homology and cohomology groups. A chain complex is called a Poincaré complex if its homology and cohomology groups have the abstract properties of Poincaré duality.

A Poincaré space is a topological space whose singular chain complex is a Poincaré complex. These are used in surgery theory to analyze manifolds algebraically.
Muara Naval Base
Muara Naval Base (Malay: Pangkalan Tentera Laut Muara) is a naval base which serves as the headquarters and main operating base for the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN; Tentera Laut Diraja Brunei, TLDB).  It is situated approximately 4 kilometres (2 miles) from Muara Town, Brunei-Muara District, in the sultanate of Brunei Darussalam.  The naval base is located near the mouth of the Brunei River, which flows into the Brunei Bay.

Brunei–Muara District
Brunei–Muara District (Malay: Daerah Brunei–Muara; Jawi: دايره بروني موارا), or simply known as Brunei–Muara (BROO-nei moo-WAH-rah), is the smallest as well as the most populated district in Brunei. It has an area of 571 square kilometres (220 sq mi) and the population of 318,530 as of 2021. The district is also home to its administrative centre is Bandar Seri Begawan, as well as the Brunei International Airport and Muara Port, the country's only international airport and deep-water port respectively. The Brunei River flows within this district and is home to Kampong Ayer. As the administrative center of Brunei is located in the district, it remains the most developed in the country with the most up-to-date infrastructure, despite not being the center of Brunei's main economic activity.
New York Court of Appeals
The New York Court of Appeals is the highest court in the Unified Court System of the State of New York. It consists of seven judges: the chief judge and six associate judges, who are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the state senate to 14-year terms. The chief judge of the Court of Appeals also heads administration of the state's court system, and thus is also known as the chief judge of the State of New York. The Court of Appeals was founded in 1847 and is located in the New York Court of Appeals Building in Albany, New York.

Jacob D. Fuchsberg
Jacob David Fuchsberg (June 14, 1913, Manhattan, New York City – August 27, 1995, Port Chester, Westchester County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician. He was elected to the Court of Appeals as an associate judge in 1974, and retired from the position in 1983.
Signs of the Swarm
Signs of the Swarm is an American deathcore band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, formed in 2014. The band has released six studio albums, and consists of drummer Bobby Crow, vocalist David Simonich, guitarist Carl Schulz and bassist Michael Cassese.

Ov Sulfur
Ov Sulfur is an American deathcore band formed in 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada. The band's lineup currently consists of vocalist Ricky Hoover, guitarist and vocalist Chase Wilson, guitarist Christian Becker, bassist Josh Bearden and drummer Ryan "Leviathvn" Rivard. The band has released two studio albums with their latest being Endless, which was released on January 16, 2026 through Century Media Records and one EP. The band is known for their very anti-religious lyrical themes.
WTOC (AM)
WTOC (1360 AM) is a radio station licensed to Newton, New Jersey. Owned by Centro Biblico of NJ, Inc., the station broadcasts a Spanish-language Christian radio format. Until August 17, 2011, they aired an oldies music format with songs from the 1960s and 1970s along with a small number of oldies from 1955 to 1964 and a small number of hits from the 1980s, a full-time affiliate of Scott Shannon's True Oldies Channel from Citadel Media. The station was owned by Clear Channel Communications from 2001 until 2011. From the station's 1953 sign-on until July 1, 2008, the radio station was known as WNNJ.

Newton, New Jersey
Newton, officially the Town of Newton, is an incorporated municipality in and the county seat of Sussex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, situated approximately 60 miles (97 km) northwest of New York City. As of the 2020 United States census, the town's population was 8,374, its highest decennial population ever, an increase of 377 (+4.7%) from the 2010 census count of 7,997, which in turn reflected a decrease of 247 (−3.0%) from the 8,244 counted in the 2000 census.

One of 15 municipalities in the state organized as a town, the municipal government operates under a council-manager structure provided by the Faulkner Act, or Optional Municipal Charter Law. Newton was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 11, 1864, from portions of Newton Township, which was also partitioned to create Andover Township and Hampton Township, and was then dissolved. Additional land was acquired from Andover Township in 1869 and 1927, and from Fredon Township in 1920.
Sorico
Sorico (Comasco: Suregh [ˈsuːrek]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Milan and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Como. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,188 and an area of 23.3 square kilometres (9.0 sq mi).

The municipality of Sorico contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Albonico, Bugiallo, and Dascio.

Sorico borders the following municipalities: Dubino, Gera Lario, Montemezzo, Novate Mezzola, Samolaco, Verceia.

Novate Mezzola
Novate Mezzola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Sondrio, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,713 and an area of 99.7 square kilometres (38.5 sq mi).

Novate Mezzola borders the following municipalities: Bondo (Switzerland), Cercino, Cino, Civo, Dubino, Mello, Piuro, Prata Camportaccio, Samolaco, Sorico, Traona, Val Masino, Verceia, Villa di Chiavenna.
Bernard Galler
Bernard A. Galler (October 3, 1928 – September 4, 2006) was an American mathematician and computer scientist at the University of Michigan who was involved in the development of large-scale operating systems and computer languages including the MAD programming language and the Michigan Terminal System operating system.

IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
The IEEE Annals of the History of Computing is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Computer Society. It covers the history of computing, computer science, and computer hardware. It was founded in 1979 by the American Federation of Information Processing Societies.

The journal publishes scholarly articles, interviews, "think pieces", and memoirs by computer pioneers, and news and events in the field. It was established in July 1979 as Annals of the History of Computing, with Bernard Galler as editor-in-chief. The journal became an IEEE publication in 1992, and was retitled to IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. The 2020 impact factor was 0.741. The current editor in chief is Troy Astarte at Swansea University in Wales.
EB-1 visa
The EB-1 visa (or, colloquially, "Einstein visa") is a preference category for United States employment-based permanent residency. It is intended for "priority workers". Those are foreign nationals who either have "extraordinary abilities", or are "outstanding professors or researchers", and also includes "some executives and managers of foreign companies who are transferred to the US". It allows them to remain permanently in the US.

Therefore, applicants who can demonstrate their extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim are not required to have a permanent offer of employment in the US and are eligible to self-petition, however, they must intend to work in the US in their field of expertise.

EB-2 visa
EB-2 is an immigrant visa preference category for United States employment-based permanent residency, created by the Immigration Act of 1990. The category includes "members of the professions holding advanced degrees or their equivalent", and "individuals who because of their exceptional ability in the sciences, arts, or business will substantially benefit prospectively the national economy, cultural or educational interests, or welfare of the United States, and whose services in the sciences, arts, professions, or business are sought by an employer in the United States". Applicants (with the exception of applicants applying for an exemption known as National Interest Waiver) must generally have an approved Permanent Labor Certification, a job offer, and their employer must have filed an Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker (Form I-140) with the USCIS.
Trail of the Ancients
The Trail of the Ancients is a collection of National Scenic Byways located in the U.S. Four Corners states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. These byways comprise:

The 366-mile (589 km) Trail of the Ancients National Scenic Byway in San Juan County, Utah;

The 116-mile (187 km) Trail of the Ancients Scenic and Historic Byway in Montezuma County, Colorado;

The 662.4-mile (1,066 km) Trail of the Ancients Scenic Byway in McKinley and San Juan counties, New Mexico;

The 100.3-mile (161 km) Dine' Tah "Among the People" Scenic Road in Apache County, Arizona, and the 26-mile (42 km) Kayenta-Monument Valley Scenic Road in Navajo County, Arizona.

The byways highlight the archaeological and cultural history of southwestern Native American peoples, and traverses the widely diverse geological landscape of the Four Corners region of the Colorado Plateau. It was the first National Scenic Byway that was designated primarily for its archaeological sites.

Utah State Route 261
37°16′18″N 109°56′10″W﻿ / ﻿37.2717635°N 109.9361948°W﻿ / 37.2717635; -109.9361948

State Route 261 is a state highway located entirely within south-central San Juan County, Utah. It runs 34 miles (55 km) north, from the junction of U.S. Route 163 (3 miles (5 km) north of Mexican Hat), to the junction with State Route 95, just east of Natural Bridges National Monument.

The highway is part of the Utah section of the Trail of the Ancients, a National Scenic Byway.  It includes steep switchbacks as it traverses the Moki Dugway.
Allen Weiner
Allen S. Weiner is an American academic who is a senior lecturer in international law at Stanford Law School.

Weiner is also the co-director of the Stanford Program in International and Comparative Law and the Stanford Center on International Conflict and Negotiation.  He was formerly a Stanford Professor of International Law. He also teaches for undergraduates, working with Scott Sagan on the popular "Face of Battle" and "Rules of War" courses, which introduce topics of military history and the law of armed conflict.

Scott Sagan
Scott Douglas Sagan (born 1955) is the Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science at Stanford University and co-director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC). He is known for his research on nuclear weapons policy and nuclear disarmament, including discussions of system accidents, and has published widely on these subjects.

In 2017 Sagan received the International Studies Association's Susan Strange Award. Sagan was the recipient of the National Academy of Sciences William and Katherine Estes Award in 2015 and the International Studies Association's Distinguished Scholar Award in 2013.

He currently serves as the American Academy of Arts and Sciences' Chair of the Committee on International Security Studies and on the Academy's  Council.