hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Alex de Minaur
Alex de Miñaur Román (born 17 February 1999) is an Australian professional tennis player. He has been ranked by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) as high as world No. 6 in singles, which he achieved on 15 July 2024, and No. 58 in doubles, attained on 12 October 2020. He is the current No. 1 singles player from Australia.

De Minaur has won eleven ATP Tour titles in singles and one in doubles. He has reached seven major quarterfinals. He represents Australia at the Davis Cup.

Marcos Giron
Marcos Andres Giron (/ɡiːˈroʊn/ ghee-ROHN; born July 24, 1993; Spanish: Girón) is an American professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 37 achieved on August 5, 2024 and a doubles ranking of No. 194 achieved on August 1, 2022. Giron won the singles title at the 2014 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships for UCLA. He has won an ATP Tour title at the 2024 Hall of Fame Open.
Lucignano
Lucignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Arezzo.

Lucignano borders the following municipalities: Foiano della Chiana, Marciano della Chiana, Monte San Savino, Rapolano Terme, and Sinalunga. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng
Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng (1868–1948) was a Norwegian judge.

He was born in Fanestranden near Molde. He finished his secondary education in 1891 and graduated with the cand.jur. degree in 1895. After several years as an attorney in Voss Municipality, he was appointed as an assessor in Kristiania City Court in 1913. In 1929 he was an acting chief justice of that court. He was also a conscript officer in the military, with the rank of captain. Lyng was also admitted into the exclusive skiing-based social club SK Ull in 1915. He was the only new member between 1908 and 1924. He served as manager of the club, overlooking its treasury and secretary functions, from 1919 to 1935.

Together with Marie Aars Kaurin (1870–1951) he had the son Toralf Lyng, a skiing administrator and organizational leader. Ulrik F. L. Lyng died in 1948.

Toralf Lyng
Toralf Lyng (6 July 1909 – 29 October 2005) was a Norwegian sports official.

He was born in Voss Municipality as a son of judge Ulrik Fredrik Lange Lyng (1868–1948) and Marie Aars Kaurin (1870–1951). In December 1939 he married Grethe Jørgensen (1913–2001). During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany he was imprisoned in Bredtveit concentration camp in January 1945, and was also held at Victoria Terrasse.

He was the secretary-general of the Association for the Promotion of Skiing from 1947 to 1957, head of the venue office of the 1952 Winter Olympics from 1949 to 1952, and secretary-general of the Norwegian Trekking Association from 1957 to 1977. He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1969. Lyng was also admitted into the exclusive skiing-based social club SK Ull in 1950, two years after the death of his father, who was also an Ull member.
Vukpalaj
Vukpalaj (also known as Vukpalaj-Bajzë) is a settlement in the former Kastrat Municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 768.

Kastrat (municipality)
Kastrat is a former municipality in the Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. The population at the 2011 census was 6,883.
Fidelis Chojnacki
Fidelis Chojnacki (1 November 1906 – 9 July 1942) was a Polish Capuchin friar and Roman Catholic priest. He was imprisoned in the Nazi Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He is one of the 108 Martyrs of World War II.

108 Martyrs of World War II
The 108 Martyrs of World War II, known also as the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs (Polish: 108 błogosławionych męczenników), were Catholics from Poland killed during World War II by German Nazis. Their liturgical feast day is 12 June. The 108 were beatified on 13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw. The group comprises 3 bishops, 79 priests, 7 male religious, 8 female religious, and 11 lay people. There are two parishes named for the martyrs, in Powiercie in Koło County, and in Malbork.
Kamchatka Peninsula
The Kamchatka Peninsula (Russian: полуо́стров Камча́тка, romanized: poluóstrov Kamchátka, pronounced [pəlʊˈostrəf kɐmˈt͡ɕætkə], Ainu: Cupka) is a 1,250-kilometre-long (777 mi) peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about 270,000 km2 (100,000 sq mi). The Sea of Okhotsk bounds the peninsula's western coastline, immediately offshore of the peninsula and below the Bering Sea runs the 9,600-metre-deep (31,496 ft) Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Its eastern coastline is the Bering Sea, part of the Pacific Ocean.

The Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands, and Karaginsky Island constitute Kamchatka Krai of the Russian Federation. The majority of the 322,079 inhabitants are ethnic Russians, with about 13,000 being Koryaks (2014). More than half of the population lives in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 in 2010) and nearby Yelizovo (38,980). The Kamchatka Peninsula contains the volcanoes of Kamchatka, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, that form part of the Ring of Fire.

Commander Islands
55°00′N 166°24′E﻿ / ﻿55.00°N 166.40°E﻿ / 55.00; 166.40

The Commander Islands, Komandorski Islands, or Komandorskie Islands (Russian: Командо́рские острова́, Komandorskiye ostrova) are a series of islands in the Russian Far East, a part of the Aleutian Islands, located about 175 km (109 mi) east of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Bering Sea.  Treeless and sparsely populated, the islands consist of Bering Island, 95 by 15 km (59 by 9 mi); Medny Island, 55 by 5 km (34 by 3 mi); and fifteen islets and rocks. The largest of the latter are Tufted Puffin Rock (Kamen Toporkov or Ostrov Toporkov), 15 ha (37 acres), and Kamen Ariy, which are between 3 and 13 km (2 and 8 mi) west of the only settlement, Nikolskoye. Administratively, the Commanders compose the Aleutsky District of the Kamchatka Krai in Russia.

In 2005, the Comandorsky State Nature Reserve was nominated for the List of World Heritage Sites in Russia of UNESCO.
Statue of Yakushi Nyorai (Jingo-ji)
The Statue of Yakushi Nyorai (Japanese: 木造薬師如来立像, Hepburn: Mokuzō Yakushi Nyorai Ritsuzō) is a late 8th to early 9th-century Japanese Buddhist sculpture dating to the early Heian period depicting the standing figure of Bhaisajyaguru, or the Medicine Buddha. Designated a National Treasure of Japan, the Yakushi Nyorai serves as the principal figure of worship at Jingo-ji, Ukyō-ku, Kyoto. It is deemed a significant masterpiece of early Heian art, as well as a major icon of Shingon Buddhist history. Its primary sculptor remains anonymous.

Primarily housed in the Kondō of Jingo-ji, it has left the temple for the first time since its creation, as part of a special exhibit at the Tokyo National Museum, in 2024.

Bhaisajyaguru
Bhaiṣajyaguru (Sanskrit: भैषज्यगुरु, Chinese: 藥師佛, Japanese: 薬師仏, Korean: 약사불, Vietnamese: Dược Sư Phật, Standard Tibetan: སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླ), or Bhaishajyaguru, formally Bhaiṣajya-guru-vaiḍūrya-prabha-rāja ("Medicine Master and King of Lapis Lazuli Light"; Chinese: 藥師琉璃光(王)如來, Japanese: 薬師瑠璃光如来, Korean: 약사유리광여래, Vietnamese: Dược Sư Lưu Ly Quang Vương Như Lai), is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahāyāna Buddhism. Commonly referred to as the "Medicine Buddha", he is described as a doctor who cures suffering (Pali/Sanskrit: dukkha/duḥkha) using the medicine of his teachings.

The image of Bhaiṣajyaguru is usually expressed with a canonical Buddha-like form holding a gallipot and, in some versions, possessing blue or deep green skin. Though also considered to be a guardian of the East, in most cases, Akshobhya is given that role. As an exceptional case, the honzon of Mount Kōya's Kongōbu-ji was changed from Akshobhya to Bhaiṣajyaguru.
2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on November 5, 2024, to elect both U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's congressional districts. These elections coincided with five referendum questions, including a referendum to change the state flag, as well as the presidential election, a U.S. Senate election, and various other state, county and local elections. Primary elections were held on June 11, 2024.

2024 Maine Question 5
The 2024 Maine flag referendum (formally known as Question 5) was a legislatively referred state statute held on November 5, 2024, that sought to change the official state flag from the current version, first enacted in 1909, to a variation of the 1901 flag.

The referendum was held concurrently with four other referendum questions, as well as the presidential election, a U.S. Senate election, U.S. House elections for Maine's two congressional districts, and various other state, county and local elections.

The referendum saw the new flag rejected by 56% to 44%.
Cherrywood Village, St. Matthews, Kentucky
Cherrywood Village is a neighborhood and former city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. Cherrywood Village was annexed by the City of St. Matthews in 2001.  The population was 327 at the 2000 census.

St. Matthews, Kentucky
St. Matthews is a city in Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States. It forms part of the Louisville Metro government but is separately incorporated as a home rule-class city. As of the 2020 census, St. Matthews had a population of 17,534. It is the 23rd-largest city in the state. St. Matthews is one of the state's major shopping areas, home to the fifth-largest mall in Kentucky (Mall St. Matthews) along with many smaller shopping centers along Shelbyville Road.
Kirsten Dehlholm
Kirsten Dehlholm (5 April 1945 – 10 July 2024) was a Danish artist and artistic theatre director. She created over 30 presentations combining scenography with performance art, employing a wide variety of techniques, media, and materials.

Reumert Award
The Reumert Award (Danish: Årets Reumert) is an annual Danish awards ceremony to recognize excellence in theatre achievements in Denmark. The award was founded by the Bikuben Foundation in 1998, and has been handed annually since then. There are 16 award categories as well as 10 talent awards. A jury of ten specialists in theatre selects the recipients, who receive a statuette and a prize. As of 2016, the recipients also receive an amount of money. The recipients of the Reumert Award of Honour receive DKK 200,000, the recipients of the Talent Prize receive DKK 35,000 and all other categories-recipients receive DKK 40,000. The Reumert prize is named after the Danish actor Poul Reumert (1883–1968).
Ducal Castle, Szczecin
The Ducal Castle, also known as the Castle of the Dukes of Pomerania, and the Szczecin Castle, is a renaissance castle in the city of Szczecin, Poland, located at the Castle Hill in the Stare Miasto (Old Town) neighbourhood, near the Oder river. It is built in the gothic and Pomeranian mannerism architectural style. The castle was the seat of the dukes of Pomerania-Stettin of the House of Pomerania, who ruled the Duchy of Pomerania from 1121 to 1637. The building history originates in 1346, when Duke Barnim III began the construction of the ducal housing complex, and continues to 1428, when, under the rule of Casimir V, it was expanded, forming the castle. Currently, it is one of the largest cultural centres in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Old Town, Szczecin
Old Town (Polish: Stare Miasto; German: Altstadt), and the core of the historic old German port city of Stettin until 1950,  is a municipal neighborhood of the modern city of Szczecin, now in Poland, situated on the left bank of the Oder river. It is the oldest historical district in the city. As of March 2021 it had a population of 3,901.
Alessandria railway station
Alessandria railway station (Italian: Stazione di Alessandria) serves the city and comune of Alessandria, in the Piedmont region, northwestern Italy. Opened in 1850, it forms part of the Turin–Genoa railway, and is also a junction for six other lines, to Chivasso, Piacenza, Novara, Pavia, Cavallermaggiore, Ovada and San Giuseppe di Cairo.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Alessandria
Alessandria (Italian: [alesˈsandrja] ⓘ; Piedmontese: Lissandria [liˈsɑŋdrja]) is a city and commune in Piedmont, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Alessandria. With a population of 92,518, it is the 3rd-largest city in Piedmont and the 53rd-largest in Italy.

Known for the famous hat manufacturing company Borsalino and for its proximity to the historical site of the battle of Marengo, led by Napoleon, the town is an important agricultural, industrial and logistic hub within its region and Italy's North-West. With a surface extension that makes it Piedmont's largest municipality and a population of 92 839 inhabitants  (the third most popolous city in the region), Alessandria is located in the centre of the so-called "industrial triangle", whose vertices are Turin, Milan and Genoa. Alessandria is also home to one of the headquarters of the University of Eastern Piedmont, which is an academic institution that has a tripolar structure shared with Vercelli and Novara.
Evanov Communications
Evanov Communications is a Canadian radio broadcasting company. It is also the sole owner of Dufferin Communications Inc., 80% owner of Halifax Broadcasting Ltd. and Ottawa Media Inc. The group of Evanov companies owns and operates a number of radio stations in Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba and Nova Scotia.

CKJS-FM
CKJS (92.7 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station in Winnipeg, Manitoba.  It shares studios and offices in Polo Park with sister stations CFJL-FM and CHWE-FM.  It is the only multilingual radio station in Manitoba, broadcasting in more than 20 languages: Bulgarian, Chinese, Filipino, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Irish, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Spanish, Ukrainian and Vietnamese. It also broadcasts blocks of Christian radio programming on weekdays and Sundays.

CKJS has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 14,599 watts (24,000 watts maximum).  The transmitter is in Duff Roblin Provincial Park just south of Winnipeg.
Avenida Las Américas
Avenida Las Américas, is a major thoroughfare in Ponce, Puerto Rico.  Most of its length is signed as Puerto Rico Highway 163 (PR-163). The highway has both of its termini as well as all of its length entirely within the Ponce city limits. It runs west to east. As of 12 November 2010, the segment of this road from its intersection in the west with PR-2R (a.k.a., Carretera Pámpanos) to its intersection in the east with PR-12, officially became the Bulevar Luis A. Ferré. The segment from Avenida Hostos in the east to Carretera Pámpanos (PR-2R) in the west, the first segment built, was built in 1960.: 52

Puerto Rico Highway 9
Puerto Rico Highway 9 (PR-9), also called the Anillo de Circunvalación de Ponce (Ponce's Circumferential Highway), is a limited-access state highway located entirely within the limits of the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico, and connecting Puerto Rico Highway 10 in Barrio Portugués in the north to Puerto Rico Highway 52 in barrio Canas in the south, crossing Barrio Magueyes. The Oficina de Ordenación Territorial (Office of Territorial Ordering) of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce calls this road Ronda de Circunvalación Román Baldorioty de Castro (Román Baldorioty de Castro Beltway). The roadway is still under construction.
California mission project
The California mission project is an assignment done in California elementary schools, most often in the fourth grade, where students build dioramas of one of the 21 Spanish missions in California. While not being included in the California Common Core educational standards, the project was vastly popular and done throughout the state. The popularity of the project has declined due to scrutiny on what the assignment teaches students about the treatment of indigenous Californians in the California Spanish missions.

Diorama
A diorama is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes dioramas are enclosed in a glass showcase at a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies like military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling, or aircraft modeling.

In the United States around 1950 and onward, natural history dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled, or destroyed.
Rock 'n' Roll San Diego Marathon
The Rock 'n' Roll San Diego Marathon is an annual marathon race held in San Diego, California. Established in 1998, it is the original race in the Rock 'n' Roll Running Series. The event includes a half marathon.

Rock 'n' Roll Running Series
The Rock 'n' Roll Running Series is a collection of road running events owned and operated by the IRONMAN Group's Competitor Group, part of Advance Publications. The series is known for lining race routes with live bands, cheerleaders and themed water stations.
Sample preparation
In analytical chemistry, sample preparation (working-up) refers to the ways in which a sample is treated prior to its analyses. Preparation is a very important  step in most analytical techniques, because the techniques are often not responsive to the analyte in its in-situ form, or the results are distorted by interfering species. Sample preparation may involve dissolution, extraction, reaction with some chemical species, pulverizing, treatment with a chelating agent (e.g. EDTA), masking, filtering, dilution, sub-sampling or many other techniques.
Treatment is done to prepare the sample into a form ready for analysis by specified analytical equipment.
Sample preparation could involve: crushing and dissolution, chemical digestion with acid or alkali, sample extraction, sample clean up  and sample pre-concentration.

Extraction (chemistry)
Stirrer bar

Still pot (the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the Soxhlet chamber)

Distillation path

Thimble

Solid

Siphon top

Siphon exit

Expansion adapter

Condenser

Cooling water out

Cooling water in

Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix. The distribution of a solute between two phases is an equilibrium condition described by partition theory. This is based on exactly how the analyte moves from the initial solvent into the extracting solvent. The term washing may also be used to refer to an extraction in which impurities are extracted from the solvent containing the desired compound.
Renaissance Center station
Renaissance Center station is a Detroit People Mover station in downtown Detroit, Michigan. It is located on Jefferson Avenue at Beaubien Boulevard, attached to the Renaissance Center complex. The station's lobby is located inside the Renaissance Center, on its second floor, with a street-level entrance connected by an elevator; a skybridge connects the lobby to the station structure.

The station serves the Renaissance Center, which provides access to the Detroit Riverwalk, and is connected by skybridge to the Millender Center, which also has its own People Mover station. In 2014, this stop was the second most heavily trafficked (behind only Greektown) with 487,758 riders.

Detroit People Mover
The Detroit People Mover (DPM) is a 2.94-mile (4.73 km) elevated automated people mover system in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The system operates in a one-way loop on a single track encircling downtown Detroit, using Intermediate Capacity Transit System linear induction motor technology developed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation. In 2025, the system had a ridership of 1,075,200, or about 3,900 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025.

The People Mover is supplemented by the QLINE streetcar, which connects downtown with Midtown, New Center, and the Detroit Amtrak station. The system also connects to local buses operated by DDOT and SMART, and the D2A2 and DAX commuter buses, as part of a comprehensive network of transportation in metropolitan Detroit.
Chinese character radicals
A radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; lit. 'section header'), or indexing component, is a visually prominent component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. The radical for a character is typically a semantic component, but it can also be another structural component or an artificially extracted portion of the character. In some cases, the original semantic or phonological connection has become obscure, owing to changes in the meaning or pronunciation of the character over time.

The use of the English term radical is based on an analogy between the structure of Chinese characters and the inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called classifiers, but this name is more commonly applied to the grammatical measure words in Chinese.

Chinese character components
In written Chinese, components (Chinese: 部件; pinyin: bùjiàn) are building blocks of characters, composed of strokes. 
In most cases, a component consists of more than one stroke, and is smaller than the whole of the character. For example, the character 件 consists of two components: 亻 and 牛. These can be further decomposed: 亻 can be analyzed as the sequence of strokes ㇓㇑, and 牛 as the sequence ㇓㇐㇐㇑.

There are two methods for Chinese character component analysis, hierarchical dividing and plane dividing. Hierarchical dividing separates layer by layer from larger to smaller components, and finally gets the primitive components. Plane dividing separates out the primitive components at one time.

The structure of a Chinese character is the pattern or rule in which the character is formed by its (first level) components. Chinese character structures include single-component structure, left-right structure, up-down structure and surrounding structure.