hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Marina, Old San Juan
Marina is one of 7 subbarrios of the San Juan Antiguo barrio in the municipality of San Juan in Puerto Rico. Marina, named after the oldest portion of the Port of San Juan located there, is one of the six subbarrios which form part of the Old San Juan Historic District.

Arsenal de San Juan
The former Spanish Navy Arsenal of San Juan (Spanish: Arsenal de la Marina Española), historically known as the San Juan Naval Station and also known as the Navy Arsenal of La Puntilla (Arsenal de la Marina de la Puntilla), the Arsenal of San Juan (Arsenal de San Juan) or simply El Arsenal, is a historic building complex and former Spanish Navy armory located in La Puntilla, a former neighborhood of the Old San Juan historic district in San Juan, Puerto Rico. It was built in 1800 at the site of the old main port of San Juan, today the Old San Juan marine and cruise piers area between the former United States Custom House and the Coast Guard Station.
The Wolf Hour
The Wolf Hour is a 2019 psychological thriller film written and directed by Alistair Banks Griffin. It stars Naomi Watts, Jennifer Ehle, Emory Cohen, and Kelvin Harrison Jr.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 26, 2019. It was released in the United States on December 6, 2019, by Brainstorm Media.

Kelvin Harrison Jr.
Kelvin Harrison Jr. (born July 23, 1994) is an American actor. His career began with small roles in the 2013 films Ender's Game and 12 Years a Slave. He gained wider recognition for his performance as Travis in the horror film It Comes at Night (2017). Harrison appeared in the 2019 films Luce and Waves, as well as The High Note (2020), The Trial of the Chicago 7 (2020), Cyrano (2021) and Elvis (2022). He later starred in the 2022 film Chevalier. His accolades include a Screen Actors Guild Award, along with nominations for a British Academy Film Award, Gotham Award, an Independent Spirit Award.
The Master of Nuremberg
The Master of Nuremberg (German: Der Meister von Nürnberg) is a 1927 German silent historical comedy film directed by Ludwig Berger and starring Rudolf Rittner, Max Gülstorff and Gustav Fröhlich. It is based on the 1868 opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by Richard Wagner. It was considered artistically unsuccessful because of its overly theatrical presentation. It is also known by the alternative title The Meistersinger.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Rudolf Bamberger.

After completing the film Berger emigrated to work in Hollywood, although he later returned to Germany.

Rudolf Rittner
Rudolf Rittner (30 June 1869 – 4 February 1943) was a German actor born in Weissbach, Silesia, famous for playing knight and folk hero Florian Geyer in Gerhart Hauptmann's drama of the same name. The well-known German painter Lovis Corinth portrayed him in 1906. Only one year later, at the age of 38, Rittner being at the peak of his career retired as theatrical actor.

In 1922, he returned as actor in several German movies, especially in Fritz Lang's 1924 silent masterpiece Die Nibelungen with Rittner starring as Markgraf Rüdiger von Bechlarn.

When he died in 1943, Rittner left two dramas, one of them being Narrenglanz (A Fool's Glory), an allegory on modern acting. Rudolf Rittner died in Weissbach and is buried on the local cemetery.
Jordan Ladd
Jordan Elizabeth Ladd (born January 14, 1975) is an American actress. The daughter of actress Cheryl Ladd and producer David Ladd, she initially worked with her mother in several made-for-television films, before appearing at nineteen in the direct-to-video erotic film Embrace of the Vampire (1994). She subsequently appeared in the drama Nowhere (1997) and the comedy Never Been Kissed (1999). Ladd became known as a scream queen, having appeared in several successful horror films, including Cabin Fever (2002), Club Dread (2004), Death Proof (2007), and Grace (2009). Ladd is also known for work with director David Lynch appearing in his films Darkened Room (2002) and Inland Empire (2006).

Embrace of the Vampire
Embrace of the Vampire is a 1995 American direct-to-video erotic horror film directed by Anne Goursaud. It stars Alyssa Milano as Charlotte, a chaste girl who is haunted by a vampire played by Martin Kemp.
RAD750
The RAD750 is a radiation-hardened single-board computer manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support.  The successor of the RAD6000, the RAD750 is for use in high-radiation environments experienced on board satellites and spacecraft. The RAD750 was released in 2001, with the first units launched into space in 2005.

IBM RAD6000
The RAD6000 radiation-hardened single-board computer, based on the IBM RISC Single Chip CPU, was manufactured by IBM Federal Systems. IBM Federal Systems was sold to Loral, and by way of acquisition, ended up with Lockheed Martin and is currently a part of BAE Systems Electronic Systems. RAD6000 is mainly known as the onboard computer of numerous NASA spacecraft.
Vestment
Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religion, especially by Eastern Churches, Catholics (of all rites), Lutherans, and Anglicans. Many other groups also make use of liturgical garments; among the Reformed (Calvinist) Churches this was a point of controversy in the Protestant Reformation and sometimes since, in particular during the ritualist controversies in the Church of England in the 19th century.

Tippet
A tippet is a piece of clothing worn over the shoulders in the shape of a scarf or cape. Tippets evolved in the  fourteenth century from long sleeves and typically had one end hanging down to the knees. A tippet (or tappit) could also be the long, narrow, streamer-like strips of fabric - attached with an armband just above the elbow - that hung gracefully to the knee or even to the ground. In later fashion, a tippet is often any scarf-like wrap, usually made of fur, such as the  sixteenth-century zibellino or the fur-lined capelets worn in the  mid-18th century.
Sinking of U-864
The German U-boat U-864 was attacked and sunk on 9 February 1945 by HMS Venturer, a V-class submarine of the Royal Navy. Venturer was patrolling the waters around Fedje Island, off the Norwegian coast in the North Sea. The sinking remains the only incident in the history of naval warfare where one submarine sank another while both were submerged.

HMS Venturer (P68)
HMS Venturer was a Second World War British submarine of the V class that sank two German U-boats and five merchant ships during the war. Following the war, the boat was sold to Norway and was renamed HNoMS Utstein. She was scrapped in 1964.

She is the only submarine in history to have sunk another while both were submerged.
1978 Cannes Film Festival
The 31st Cannes Film Festival took place from 16 to 30 May 1978. American filmmaker Alan J. Pakula served as jury president for the main competition.

Italian filmmaker Ermanno Olmi won the Palme d'Or, the festival's top prize, for the drama film The Tree of Wooden Clogs.

This festival saw the introduction of a new section, the Un Certain Regard, initially as a non-competitive programme which replaced the Les Yeux Fertiles (1975-1977), L'Air du temps and Le Passé composé sections.

The festival opened with A Hunting Accident by Emil Loteanu, and closed with Fedora by Billy Wilder.

Ermanno Olmi
Ermanno Olmi (24 July 1931 – 7 May 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter best known for directing Il Posto (1961) and The Tree of Wooden Clogs (1977), which won the Palme d'Or. Throughout his career Olmi blended Italian neorealism with Christian humanism, with many of his films following humble characters through the spiritual trials of harsh conditions.
Malabe West Grama Niladhari Division
Malabe West Grama Niladhari Division is a Grama Niladhari Division of the Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District  of Western Province, Sri Lanka .  It has Grama Niladhari Division Code 476A.

Malabe Boys' School, Neville Fernando Teaching Hospital and Malabe  are located within, nearby or associated with Malabe West.

Malabe West is a surrounded by the Arangala, Hokandara North, Malabe East, Malabe North, Pothuarawa, Thalangama North B and Thalahena North  Grama Niladhari Divisions.

Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat
Kaduwela Divisional Secretariat is a Divisional Secretariat  of Colombo District, of Western Province, Sri Lanka.
This divisional Secretariat also encompasses the area of the Kaduwela Polling Division.
Eibergen
Eibergen (Low Saxon: Eibarge) is a town and former municipality in Gelderland in the Eastern Netherlands. It is part of the Achterhoek cultural region. The administrative cooperation of about 20 municipalities in this region is the Regio Achterhoek.

On 1 January 2005 the municipality of Eibergen merged with the neighbouring municipalities of Neede, Borculo and Ruurlo into the new municipality of Berkelland. As of 2021, the town had a population of 11,210.

Neede
Neede is a former municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands.

On 1 January 2005 the municipality of Neede merged with the municipalities of Eibergen, Borculo and Ruurlo into the municipality of Berkelland.
Oda Nobutada
Oda Nobutada (織田 信忠; 1557 – June 21, 1582) was a samurai and the eldest son of Oda Nobunaga, who fought in many battles during the Sengoku period of Japan. He commanded armies under his father in battles against Matsunaga Hisahide and against the Takeda clan.

Hashiba Hidekatsu
Hashiba Hidekatsu (羽柴 秀勝, 1567 – January 29, 1586) was a Japanese samurai, also known as Oda Hidekatsu, the fourth son of the famed feudal warlord Oda Nobunaga and was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a young age.

At the time of Nobunaga's death in 1582, Hidekatsu was at Kojima in Bizen Province. 
Shortly after Nobunaga's death, Hidekatsu assisted Hideyoshi during the Battle of Yamazaki, Hidekatsu and his biological older brother, Oda Nobutaka, were used as a banner of a battle of revenge, and defeated Akechi Mitsuhide.

During the funeral of Nobunaga, he held his birth father's mortuary tablet (ihai). Afterwards, Hidekatsu received Kameyama Castle in Tanba Province (modern day Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture).

He also served Hideyoshi during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583 and Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584. Hidekatsu suddenly died in 1586, with many people believing that Hidekatsu was killed on the orders of Hideyoshi.
Sigerfjord
Sigerfjord is a village in Sortland Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The village is located on the island of Hinnøya by the entrance to the Sigerfjorden. The village of Strand and the Sortland Bridge are located about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the north. Sigerfjord Church is located in this village.

The 0.77-square-kilometre (190-acre) village has a population (2023) of 818 which gives the village a population density of 1,062 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,750/sq mi).

Strand, Nordland
Strand is a village in Sortland Municipality in Nordland county, Norway.  The village is located on the island of Hinnøya at the eastern end of the Sortland Bridge which crosses the Sortlandsundet strait and connects to the town of Sortland on Langøya island.  It is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the village of Sigerfjord.

The 0.47-square-kilometre (120-acre) village has a population (2023) of 781 which gives the village a population density of 1,662 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,300/sq mi).
Joe Dante
Joseph James Dante Jr. (/ˈdɑːnteɪ/; born November 28, 1946) is an American film director. His films—notably Gremlins (1984) alongside its sequel, Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)—often mix the 1950s-style B movie genre with 1960s radicalism and cartoon comedy.

Dante's output includes the films Piranha (1978), The Howling (1981), Explorers (1985), Innerspace (1987), The 'Burbs (1989), Matinee (1993), Small Soldiers (1998), and Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003). His work for television and cable include the social satire The Second Civil War (1997), episodes of the anthology series Masters of Horror ("Homecoming" and "The Screwfly Solution") and Amazing Stories, as well as Police Squad! and Hawaii Five-0.

The Second Civil War
The Second Civil War is a satirical black comedy television film directed by Joe Dante for the HBO cable television network, first aired on March 15, 1997. The film details the build-up to an ethnically fueled civil war in an alternate future United States as a result of unsustainably excessive immigration, political self-interest, and ratings-pursuing news media.

The film stars James Earl Jones, Elizabeth Peña, and Denis Leary as reporters for a CNN-like cable network, "NewsNet" (referred to in on-screen graphics as "NN"); Beau Bridges as the governor of Idaho; Phil Hartman as the U.S. President; James Coburn as his chief advisor; and William Schallert as the Secretary of Defense. Brian Keith portrayed a general in one of his final movie roles.
Painswick House
Painswick House is a Neoclassical country house in Painswick, Gloucestershire, England. It was built c.1737 for Charles Hyett by the architect John Strahan. It was extended in the 19th century by George Basevi for William Henry Hyett. In the 1740s, Benjamin Hyett, Charles' son and heir, created a Rococo pleasure ground to the north of the house. By the 1950s, the garden was derelict and planted over with conifers. Restored from the 1980s, based on a painting of the park by Thomas Robins the Elder dated 1748, it is now England's "sole surviving complete rococo garden". The garden is listed at Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England, while the house is listed at Grade I.

Thomas Robins the Elder
Thomas Robins the Elder (1715/16–1770) was an English artist known for his depictions of English country houses and their gardens. His work has particular historical value as he documented many Rococo gardens that have since disappeared.

In 1748, Robins painted the Rococo garden at Painswick House that had been created by Benjamin Hyett II. Hugh Hammersley's rococo gardens at Woodside in Berkshire were captured in three paintings by Robins.

His son, Thomas Robins the Younger (1748–1806), followed his father in his style of work.
Hyperkähler manifold
In differential geometry, a hyperkähler manifold is a Riemannian manifold  endowed with three integrable almost complex structures  that are Kähler with respect to the Riemannian metric  and satisfy the quaternionic relations . In particular, it is a hypercomplex manifold. All hyperkähler manifolds are Ricci-flat and are thus Calabi–Yau manifolds.

Hyperkähler manifolds were first given this name by Eugenio Calabi in 1979.

Eugenio Calabi
Eugenio Calabi (May 11, 1923 – September 25, 2023) was an Italian-born American mathematician and the Thomas A. Scott Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania, specializing in differential geometry, partial differential equations and their applications.
Zhejiang Museum of Natural History
The Zhejiang Museum of Natural History (Chinese: 浙江自然博物馆) is the provincial natural history museum of the Zhejiang province in China. The Hangzhou branch is located in the West Lake Cultural Square in Hangzhou, which also houses the Wulin building of Zhejiang Provincial Museum, and the Zhejiang Museum of Science and Technology.

The museum exhibits specimens of natural history, and is home to life science and earth science specimens compromising some 200,000 items at the Hangzhou branch. The museum also provides research and education.

Zhejiang Provincial Museum
The Zhejiang Provincial Museum, also known as Zhejiang Memorial Museum of Revolutionary History, is the provincial museum of Zhejiang, China, located in Hangzhou. It was established in 1929 as the West Lake Museum on the Gushan Island in the West Lake. It houses over 100,000 items in its permanent collection.
Zen Studios
Zen Studios is a Hungarian video game developer and publisher of interactive entertainment software with headquarters in Budapest, Hungary and offices in the United States. It is known for its game franchises, Pinball FX and Zen Pinball, as well as CastleStorm, a tower defense hybrid which received the Apple Store's Editor's Choice award. The company is considered "synonymous with licensed pinball tables," having produced well over a hundred tables with characters and themes from the Star Wars and Marvel universes, films like Guardians of the Galaxy, TV series like Archer, South Park, Family Guy and Bob's Burgers, and video game franchises such as Plants vs. Zombies, Portal, Street Fighter, and The Walking Dead.

Pinball FX (2007)
Pinball FX is a pinball machine video game for the Xbox 360.  It was developed by Zen Studios and published by Microsoft Game Studios.  It was released on April 25, 2007 via the Xbox Live Arcade service.  The game features three tables, with six more available as downloadable content, leaderboards and online multiplayer.  A sequel to the game, Pinball FX 2 was released on October 27, 2010.
USS Providence (SSN-719)
USS Providence (SSN-719), a Los Angeles-class submarine, is the fifth vessel of the United States Navy to be named for Providence, Rhode Island. The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut on 16 April 1979 and her keel was laid down on 14 October 1982. She was launched on 4 August 1984 sponsored by Mrs. William F. Smith, and commissioned on 27 July 1985.

Providence is the first Los Angeles class submarine to be equipped with the Tomahawk missile Vertical Launch System (VLS). While others used test boxes and programs, Providence was the first submarine to launch a Tomahawk cruise missile from the VLS system using its combat system CCS MK1 and associated software Program C4.1.

Los Angeles-class submarine
The Los Angeles class of submarines are nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy. Also known as the 688 class (pronounced "six-eighty-eight") after the hull number of lead vessel USS Los Angeles (SSN-688), 62 were built from 1972 to 1996, the latter 23 to an improved 688i standard. As of 2025, 23 of the Los Angeles class remain in commission and they account for almost half of the U.S. Navy's 50 fast attack submarines.

Submarines of this class are named after American towns and cities, such as Albany, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Tucson, Arizona, with the exception of USS Hyman G. Rickover, named for the "father of the nuclear Navy." This was a change from traditionally naming attack submarines after marine animals, such as USS Seawolf or USS Shark. Rickover explained the decision to name the submarines after cities (and occasionally politicians influential in defense issues) by observing that "fish don't vote."
Credentialism and degree inflation
Credentialism and degree inflation refers to processes that result in an inflation of demand for educational qualifications, and the devaluation of these educational qualifications.

Credentialism or professionalization is the growing protection of professions in modern societies by demanding formal qualifications or certifications.

Credential inflation, also called degree inflation, academic inflation, and credential creep, is the devaluation of educational or academic credentials over time, and a corresponding decrease in the expected advantage given a degree holder in the job market, due to an excess of higher educated people who compete for too few jobs that require these degrees. It has also led to grade inflation, a trend to award higher grades for accomplishment of the same quality.

Grade inflation
Grade inflation (also known as grading leniency) is the general awarding of higher grades for the same quality of work over time, which devalues grades. However, higher average grades in themselves do not prove grade inflation. For this to be grade inflation, it is necessary to demonstrate that the quality of work does not deserve the high grade.

Grade inflation is frequently discussed in relation to education in the United States, and to GCSEs and A levels in England and Wales. It is also an issue in many other nations, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, France, Poland, Germany, South Korea, Japan, China and India.
Devils Brigade (band)
Devils Brigade is an American rock band formed as a side project by Rancid bassist Matt Freeman in 2000. In Devils Brigade Freeman performs a mix of punk rock and psychobilly styles, singing lead vocals and playing a double bass in contrast to the backing vocals and bass guitar he performs in Rancid. He was backed by his Rancid bandmates for singles released in 2003 and 2005, and recruited X drummer DJ Bonebrake to play on Devils Brigade's eponymous debut album in 2010.

Matt Freeman
Roger Matthew Freeman, also known as Matt McCall, (born April 23, 1966) is an American musician best known as the bassist of punk rock band Rancid.  After forming several bands with guitarist and vocalist Tim Armstrong in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including ska-punk pioneers Operation Ivy, he and Armstrong formed Rancid with drummer Brett Reed.  The band's success helped revive mainstream interest in punk, and they have released ten albums since their formation.  Freeman has several side projects as well, including Devil's Brigade, in which Freeman sings lead vocals and plays bass.  Freeman's style is characterized by aggressive walking lines and fills, typically played on a Fender Precision Bass.
Lake Tekapo Regional Park
Lake Tekapo Regional Park (also known as Takapō Regional Park), is a regional park in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand's South Island. It covers 165 hectares (410 acres) at the eastern side of the southern end of Lake Tekapo, east of the Lake Tekapo township. It is the newest of the four Canterbury regional parks managed  by Environment Canterbury.

Environment Canterbury
Environment Canterbury, frequently abbreviated to ECan, is the promotional name for the Canterbury Regional Council. It is the regional council for Canterbury, the largest region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is part of New Zealand's structure of local government.
Jacques Nompar de Caumont, 4th Duke of La Force
Jacques Nompar  de Caumont, 4th Duke of La Force (1632 -1699) was a French nobleman and peer, the son of Jacques de Caumont, Marquis de Boësse (died 1634) and Louise de Saint Georges. He held his late father's title from the age of two until the death of his grandfather, Henri-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (who had only held that title for three years due to the death of his older brother). Jacques-Nompar very rapidly assumed the title of duc de La Force at the closing of parliament 10 February 1678 and was acknowledged a peer, subject to conversion to Catholicism.

The nobleman was however for many years an active Huguenot and refused to abjure, thus was confined in the Bastille, and then in a monastery. He afterwards abjured, but actually died a Protestant, professing that faith on his death bed in 1699.

Henri Nompar de Caumont, 3rd Duke of La Force
Henri Nompar de Caumont, 3rd Duke of La Force (1582 – January 1678) was Duc de La Force and peer of France.  He was the son of Marshal of France, Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force and Charlotte de Gontaut, daughter of Marshal Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron. First marquis de Castelnau, later Duc de La Force after the death of his brother, he served King Louis XIII on many occasions in the army, under his father, as Maréchal-de-camp.