hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John Hillen
John Francis Hillen III (born February 3, 1966) is an American business executive and diplomat who served as the Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs from 2005 to 2007. He served as president and CEO of Sotera Defense Solutions from 2008 to 2013. While at Sotera, he took the company public in November 2009. Hillen served as the CEO and a member of the board of EverWatch Corporation, which was acquired by Booz Allen Hamilton in October 2022. He currently serves as a college professor and board chairman and director of several companies.

Foreign Policy Research Institute
The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) is an American think tank based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that conducts research on geopolitics, international relations, and international security in the various regions of the world and on ethnic conflict, U.S. national security, terrorism, and on think tanks themselves. It publishes a quarterly journal, Orbis, and a series of monographs, books, and electronic newsletters.
Erli
Erli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Savona.

Erli borders the following municipalities: Castelbianco, Castelvecchio di Rocca Barbena, Garessio, Nasino, and Zuccarello.

Nasino
Nasino (Ligurian: Naxin) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Savona.

Nasino borders the following municipalities: Alto, Aquila di Arroscia, Castelbianco, Erli, Garessio, Onzo, Ormea, and Ranzo.
Henry Gower
Henry Gower (or Henry de Gower) was a medieval canon lawyer,  college fellow, university chancellor, and bishop.

Gower was a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford in England and Chancellor of the University of Oxford during 1322–24. He was a professor of canon law. He was briefly Archdeacon of St David's in Wales before becoming Bishop of St David's from 1328 to 1347.

Archdeacon of St Davids
The archdeacon of St Davids is a senior cleric in the Church in Wales' Diocese of St Davids. The archdeacon is the senior priest with responsibility over the area of the archdeaconry of St Davids, one of three archdeaconries in the diocese (the others are Cardigan and Carmarthen). The archdeaconry of St Davids comprises the four rural deaneries of Daugleddau, Dewisland/Fishguard, Pembroke and Roose.

The first recorded archdeacons of St Davids occur soon after the Norman Conquest. However, no territorial titles are recorded until after c. 1125.
Danish royal family
The Danish royal family is the dynastic family of the monarch of Denmark. While some members of the Danish royal family hold the title of Prince(ss) of Denmark, descendants of Margrethe II additionally bear the title Count(ess) of Monpezat. Children of the monarch are accorded the style of His/Her Royal Highness. The King and Queen are styled Majesty.

Through his mother, Margrethe II, King Frederik X and his descendants belong to the House of Glücksburg, which is a branch of the royal House of Oldenburg. Margrethe II's children and male-line descendants also belong agnatically to the Laborde de Monpezat family, and were given the concurrent title Count/Countess of Monpezat by royal decree on 30 April 2008.

The Danish royal family receives remarkably high approval ratings in Denmark, ranging between 82% and 92%.

Count Felix of Monpezat
Count Felix of Monpezat SK (born Prince Felix of Denmark; 22 July 2002) is a member of the Danish royal family. He is the younger son of Prince Joachim and his first wife, Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg. He is a grandson of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik, and a nephew of King Frederik X. Felix is currently seventh in the line of succession to the Danish throne.
Sary Shagan
Sary Shagan (Russian: Сары-Шаган; Kazakh: Сарышаған) is an anti-ballistic missile testing range located in Kazakhstan.

On 17 August 1956 the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union authorized plans for an experimental facility for missile defence located at Sary Shagan, on the west bank of Lake Balkhash. The first missile launched from the facility was a V-1000 on 16 October 1958, but the facilities for full-scale testing were not ready until 1961. Sary Shagan remains in use, with the latest known launch on 2 December 2022. The town of Sary Shagan was a closed city until 2005. The administrative centre, Priozersk remained a closed city.

The length of the site is 480 km.

The Sary Shagan range was the intended landing site for the sample return canister of the Russian Fobos-Grunt mission.

Missile defense
Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception, and also the destruction of attacking missiles. Conceived as a defense against nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.

China, France, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Russia, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the United States have all developed such air defense systems.
Henry X Rumpold
Henry X Rumpold, Duke of Żagań also known as the Younger (Polish: Henryk X Rumpold or Młodszy; c. 1390 – 18 January 1423), was a Duke of Żagań-Głogów during 1397–1412 (as co-ruler of his brothers) and since 1412 ruler over Głogów (as co-ruler of his brother).

He was the third son of Henry VIII the Sparrow, Duke of Głogów by his wife Catherine, daughter of Duke Władysław of Opole.

Henry VIII the Sparrow
Henry VIII (VI) the Sparrow (Polish: Henryk VIII Wróbel; c. 1357 – 14 March 1397) was Duke of Żagań–Głogów from 1368 to 1378 (as a co-ruler with his brothers), after 1378 ruler over Zielona Góra, Szprotawa, Kożuchów, Przemków and Sulechów, and after 1395 ruler over half of Głogów, Ścinawa and Bytom Odrzański. He was the second son of Henry V the Iron, Duke of Żagań–Głogów, by his wife Anna, daughter of Duke Wenceslaus of Płock. The origin of his nickname "Sparrow" (Wróbel) is unknown.
Mx (title)
Mx (/mɪks/ or /məks/) is an English-language neologistic honorific that does not indicate gender. Created as an alternative to gendered honorifics (such as Mr. and Ms.) in the late 1970s, it is used by non-binary people and people who do not wish to imply a gender in their titles.

Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with style and customs.

Typically, honorifics are used as a style in the grammatical third person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (despective or humilific) first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" or "this unworthy person") whose effect is to enhance the relative honor accorded to the person addressed.
Red lemonade
Red lemonade (Irish: líomanáid dhearg) is a soft drink sold in Ireland and regarded as distinctively a part of the cultural identity of Irish people.

Lemonade in Ireland traditionally comes in three varieties – red, brown and white. All three are lemon-flavoured, but there is a marked difference in taste between the varieties. Red lemonade is particularly associated with festive occasions, but can also be a folk remedy.

Red lemonade is drunk on its own and is also served as a mixer with spirits in Ireland, particularly in whiskey. Major brands of red lemonade include TK (formerly Taylor Keith), Country Spring, Finches, Nash's, Maine, and C&C. There was an urban myth that European Union authorities had banned red lemonade, but in fact the authorities had simply banned a carcinogenic dye.

Lemonade
Lemonade is a sweetened lemon-flavored drink.

There are many varieties of lemonade found throughout the world.

Historically and in many parts of the world, lemonade refers to an un-carbonated beverage, traditionally homemade, using lemon juice, water, and a sweetener such as cane sugar, simple syrup, maple syrup or honey. In other parts of the world, it is most commonly a reference to a carbonated lemon-flavoured soft drink or soda. Despite the differences between the drinks, each is known simply as "lemonade" in countries where it is dominant.

The suffix "-ade" may also be applied to other similar drinks made with different fruits, such as limeade, orangeade, or cherryade.
Law of total cumulance
In probability theory and mathematical statistics, the law of total cumulance is a generalization to cumulants of the law of total probability, the law of total expectation, and the law of total variance.  It has applications in the analysis of time series.  It was introduced by David Brillinger.

It is most transparent when stated in its most general form, for joint cumulants, rather than for cumulants of a specified order for just one random variable.  In general, we have

where

κ(X1, ..., Xn) is the joint cumulant of n random variables X1, ..., Xn, and

the sum is over all partitions  of the set { 1, ..., n } of indices, and

"B ∈ π;" means B runs through the whole list of "blocks" of the partition π, and

κ(Xi : i ∈ B | Y) is a conditional cumulant given the value of the random variable Y.  It is therefore a random variable in its own right—a function of the random variable Y.

Law of total probability
In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It expresses the total probability of an outcome which can be realized via several distinct events, hence the name.
U Sports Men's Volleyball Player of the Year
The U Sports Men's Volleyball Player of the Year is awarded annually to the men's volleyball player of the year in U Sports (previously named Canadian Interuniversity Sport). No player has won the award more than twice and only three players have accomplished the feat (Terry Danyluk in 1980 and 1981; Darcy Busse in 1984 and 1986; Isaac Heslinga in 2024 and 2025). The Alberta Golden Bears program has featured the most winners with 12 and nine of those recipients were either coached by Danyluk or were Danyluk himself. Following the cancellation of the 2020-21 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no award winner in 2021.

U Sports men's volleyball
U Sports men's volleyball is the highest level of amateur play of men's indoor volleyball in Canada and operates under the auspices of U Sports (formerly Canadian Interuniversity Sport). Thirty-one teams from Canadian universities are divided into three athletic conferences, drawing from the three of the four regional associations of U Sports: Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CW), Ontario University Athletics (OUA), and Réseau du sport étudiant du Québec (RSEQ). The Atlantic University Sport (AUS) formerly featured men's volleyball as a U Sports championship sport, but it was removed following the 2017–18 season. The 31 participating teams compete in a regular season and following intra-conference playoffs, eight teams are selected to play in a national tournament to compete for the U Sports men's volleyball championship.
Christina Abrahamsdotter
Christina Abrahamsdotter (Swedish: Kristina Abrahamsdotter; Finnish: Kristiina Abrahamintytär; 1432–1492) was a Finnish woman, royal mistress and briefly queen of Sweden as the third wife of King Charles VIII.

Karl Knutsson
Karl Knutsson Bonde (c. 1408–1470), also known as Charles VIII and called Charles I in Norwegian contexts, was King of Sweden (1448–1457, 1464–1465 and 1467–1470) and King of Norway (1449–1450).

He rose in Swedish politics because Erik of Pomerania was unpopular and became regent after a rebellion by Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson. He held powerful posts, notably in Finland, where he acted semi-independently. After King Christopher's death in 1448, Karl was elected king of Sweden and briefly king of Norway (1449–1450), but was forced to relinquish the latter to Christian I of Denmark. His rule faced opposition from the nobility and church, especially amid war with Denmark from 1451. His consolidation of power alienated key factions like the Oxenstierna and Vasa families, leading to growing resistance that resulted in two rebellions, in 1457 and 1464.
MTR (software)
My traceroute, originally named Matt's traceroute (MTR), is a computer program that combines the functions of the traceroute and ping programs in one network diagnostic tool.

MTR probes routers on the route path by limiting the number of hops individual packets may traverse, and listening to responses of their expiry. It will regularly repeat this process, usually once per second, and keep track of the response times of the hops along the path.

Traceroute
In computing, traceroute and tracert are diagnostic command-line interface commands for displaying possible routes (paths) and transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

The command reports the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) along the route to a destination. The sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection. The command aborts if all (usually three) sent packets are lost more than twice.

Ping, however, only computes the final round-trip times from the destination point.

For Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), the tool sometimes has the name traceroute6 and tracert6.
Nagoya Broadcasting Network
JOLX-DTV (channel 6), branded as Mētele (メ～テレ, Mētere) is the Chūbu region flagship station of the All-Nippon News Network, owned by the Nagoya Broadcasting Network Co., Ltd. (名古屋テレビ放送株式会社, Nagoya Terebi Hōsō Kabushiki gaisha), with its headquarters in Nagoya. It is broadcast in Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture.

The station is well known among anime fans for its close association with the anime studio Sunrise (now known as Bandai Namco Filmworks), including participating in the production of such works as Mobile Suit Gundam, Zambot 3 (and its successor Daitarn 3), and Yoroiden Samurai Troopers.

All-Nippon News Network
All-Nippon News Network (ANN; Japanese: オールニッポンニュース・ネットワーク, romanized: Ōrunippon Nyūsu Nettowāku) is a Japanese commercial television network run by TV Asahi Corporation (TV Asahi) in Tokyo, a subsidiary of the TV Asahi Holdings Corporation, which is controlled by The Asahi Shimbun Company. The network's responsibilities include the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and the news exchange between the stations. Its affiliate stations also broadcast non-news programs originating from TV Asahi. Founded on 1 January 1970,: 161–163  and formalised on 1 April 1974, ANN is made up of 26 affiliates, including two stations that are double- or triple-affiliated with rival networks.

Between 1989 and 2013, it also operated the 24-hour satellite and cable news channel Asahi Newstar.
British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Special, Visual & Graphic Effects
The British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Special, Visual & Graphic Effects is one of the categories presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) within the British Academy Television Craft Awards, the craft awards were established in 2000 with their own, separate ceremony as a way to spotlight technical achievements, without being overshadowed by the main production categories. According to the BAFTA website, this category is "for special, visual and graphic effects and recognises achievement in all of these crafts."

The category has gone through several name changes:

It was first awarded with the British Academy Television Craft Award for Best Titles & Graphic Identity category under the name Best Visual Effects and Graphic Design in 2001, 2002 and 2013.

In 2003 it was split presenting the Best Visual Effects category until 2012.

Since 2014, the category is presented as Best Special, Visual & Graphic Effects.

British Academy Television Craft Awards
The British Academy Television Craft Awards is an accolade presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), a charitable organisation established in 1947, which: "supports, promotes and develops the art forms of the moving image – film, television and video games – by identifying and rewarding excellence, inspiring practitioners and benefiting the public."

Having previously been handed out with the British Academy Television Awards, the awards were established in 2000 as a way to spotlight technical achievements, without being overshadowed by the production categories.
Hugh Panaro
Hugh Panaro (born February 19, 1964) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his work in Broadway stage musicals, most well known for his role in The Phantom of the Opera, being in over 2,000 performances in the Broadway production.

His most recent stage performances have been Off-Broadway as the title role in the 2018 revival of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and in 2025 he reprised his role of The Phantom in the immersive revival in New York City.

Norm Lewis
Norm Lewis (born June 2, 1963) is an American actor and baritone singer. He has appeared on Broadway and in London's West End, film, television, recordings and regional theatre. He is also noted for his wide vocal range. Lewis was the second African-American actor after Robert Guillaume to perform in the title role in Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera and the first one to do so in the Broadway production. In 2023, he reprised the role in the show's sequel, Love Never Dies, in the West End.

Lewis is also known for his many different performances as Inspector Javert in Les Misérables, first playing the role in the 2006 Broadway revival and later reprising the role in the West End, in the 25th Anniversary Concert, and at The Muny in St. Louis.

Some other major theatrical productions that he has been involved in include Porgy and Bess, The Little Mermaid, Miss Saigon, Jesus Christ Superstar, and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.
Sand Point, Alaska
Sand Point, also known as Popof Island, is a city in Aleutians East Borough, Alaska, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 976, up from 952 in 2000, but by the 2020 Census this had reduced to 578. It is on northwestern Popof Island, one of the Shumagin Islands, off the Alaska Peninsula. It is the borough seat of Aleutians East Borough, and is near the entrance to the Bering Sea.

The Aleutians East Borough School District is in Southwestern Alaska along the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Chain The District was formed in 1988 from smaller districts that consolidated and formed a Borough with taxing authority. The Borough and District boundaries are the same, and stretch over approximately 15,000 square miles (39,000 km2) of roadless, mostly treeless tundra, from the middle of the Alaska Peninsula to the north and east, going southwest out to Akutan just east of Dutch Harbor.

Popof Island
Popof Island (Siitikdax̂ in Aleut) is an island in the Shumagin Islands south of mainland Alaska. The largest community in the area, Sand Point, is located on the northwest coast. Popof Island is 10 miles (16 km) long, 5 miles (8.0 km) wide and the peak elevation is 1,550 feet (470 meters). It is located at 55°18′49″N 160°22′29″W﻿ / ﻿55.31361°N 160.37472°W﻿ / 55.31361; -160.37472. It has a land area of 93.651 km2 (36.159 sq mi) and a total population of 578 persons at the 2020 census.

Pirate Cove on the island was developed as a major codfish fishing station.

A herd of introduced bison is on the uninhabited side of the island and currently numbers about 120.
Zvanivka
Zvanivka (Ukrainian: Званівка) is a village in eastern Ukraine, located in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Zvanivka hosts the administration of the Zvanivka rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

Zvanivka rural hromada
Zvanivka rural hromada (Ukrainian: Званівська селищна громада) is a hromada of Ukraine, located in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the village of Zvanivka.

It has an area of 115.5 square kilometres (44.6 sq mi) and a population of 2,418, as of 2020.

The hromada contains 6 settlements, which are all villages:
Rudgwick
Rudgwick  is a village and civil parish in the Horsham District of West Sussex, England. The village is 6 miles (10 km) west from Horsham on the north side of the A281 road. The parish's northern boundary forms part of the county boundary between Surrey and West Sussex.

The parish covers 6,394 acres (2,588 ha). The 2001 Census recorded 2,791 people living in 1,013 households, of whom 1,425 were economically active.. The 2011 Census recorded a population, including Tisman's Common of 2,722.

Horsham District
Horsham is a local government district in West Sussex, England. It is named after the town of Horsham, which is its largest settlement and where the council is based. The district also includes the surrounding rural area and contains many villages, the largest of which are Southwater and Billingshurst. The district includes part of the South Downs National Park and part of the designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty of High Weald. At the 2021 census the district had a population of 147,487.

The neighbouring districts are Crawley, Mid Sussex, Brighton and Hove, Adur, Arun, Chichester, Waverley and Mole Valley.
2021 Phillip Island Trophy
The 2021 Phillip Island Trophy is a tournament on the 2021 WTA Tour, one of six events in the 2021 Melbourne Summer Series. It was played on outdoor hard courts in Melbourne, Australia. It was organised as a lead-up tournament to the 2021 Australian Open, and was held at the same venue, due to other tournaments in Australia being cancelled as a result from the COVID-19 pandemic. This tournament took place simultaneously with the second week of the 2021 Australian Open.

2021 WTA Tour
The 2021 WTA Tour was the elite professional tennis circuit organised by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2021 tennis season. The 2021 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA 1000 tournaments, the WTA 500 tournaments, the WTA 250 tournaments, the Billie Jean King Cup (organized by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the WTA Finals and the WTA Elite Trophy). Also included in the 2021 calendar are the Summer Olympic Games, which were rescheduled from 2020.
Steam Brewing Company
Steam Brewing Company is a New Zealand microbrewery located in Ōtāhuhu, Auckland. It was founded in October 1995 as the brewery for the Cock & Bull brewpub in East Tāmaki and currently brews beers for the Cock & Bull chain of taverns, as well as the retail beer Epic Pale Ale and several contracted beers including TaaKawa Ale. and previously (till March 2005) the bottled beers for the Loaded Hog pub chain.

The original East Tāmaki location was decommissioned in September 2004, and by 2005, Cock & Bull had opened a chain of five taverns. In August 2004, Steam Brewing Company purchased Auckland Breweries to meet increased production demands. This new site contained a 200 bottle per minute glass packaging line, able to fill beer, juice, cider, energy drinks, RTDs and other cold beverages.

October 2007, Steam Brewing Company sold the Epic Brewing Company and Epic brand to then Head Brewer / General Manager, Luke Nicholas. The Epic beers continue to be brewed by Steam Brewing Company.

Epic Brewing Company
Epic Brewing Company is a brewing company located in Ōtāhuhu, Auckland, New Zealand. Epic beers are contract brewed at Steam Brewing Company. Their beers have won several awards in New Zealand and Australia. Epic went into liquidation on 25 July 2023 and was purchased by construction company Russell Group and beverage manufacturer Hancocks on 25 August, 2023.