hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menstruation celebration
A menstruation celebration, for example a first moon party, or period party, celebrates menstruation. Different cultures and communities across the globe celebrate Menarche (first period). This practice is followed by Apache, Ojibwe and Hupa tribal communities from different parts of North America, Ulithi tribe from South Pacific region, Japan, Africa, and India among others.

Culture and menstruation
There are many cultural aspects surrounding how societies view menstruation. Different cultures view menstruation in different ways. The basis of many conduct norms and communication about menstruation in western industrial societies is the belief that menstruation should remain hidden. By contrast, in some indigenous hunter-gatherer societies, menstrual observances are viewed in a positive light, without any connotation of uncleanness.  In most of India, menarche is celebrated as a rite of passage.

A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation. In some societies it involves menstruation being perceived as unclean or embarrassing, inhibiting even the mention of menstruation whether in public (in the media and advertising) or in private (among friends, in the household, or with men). Many traditional religions consider menstruation ritually unclean, although anthropologists say that the concepts 'sacred' and 'unclean' may be intimately connected.
Jesse W. Fell
Jesse W. Fell (November 10, 1808 – February 25, 1887) was an American businessman and landowner. He was instrumental in the founding of Illinois State University as well as Normal, Pontiac, Clinton, Towanda, Dwight, DeWitt County and Livingston County in Central Illinois. He was also the founder of the newspaper The Pantagraph. As a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, it was Fell who urged him to challenge his opponent, Stephen A. Douglas, to their famous series of debates.

Normal, Illinois
Normal is a town in McLean County, Illinois, United States. The population was 52,736 at the 2020 census. Normal is the smaller of two principal cities of the Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area, and is Illinois's seventh most populous community outside the Chicago metropolitan area. It is home to Illinois State University and Heartland Community College.

Founded in 1865, it was renamed Normal in 1867, because the university when it began was focused on educating teachers (a normal institute), Illinois State Normal University. Chris Koos has been the mayor of Normal since 2003.
Tanish
Tanish Alladi is an Indian actor and television personality known for his lead roles in very Low budget, small Telugu films. He has starred in films such as Nachavule, Ride, Telugabbai, Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda, and Nakshatram. He has also kickstarted a television career, as he was one of the contestants on the reality TV show Bigg Boss Telugu 2, which was hosted by noted Telugu star Nani. Tanish finished in 3rd place in Bigg Boss Telugu 2. He has gained popularity and fans among the youth due to the majority of his films being youth films and love stories.

Nakshatram (film)
Nakshatram (English: Star) is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language cop action-drama film which was written and directed by Krishna Vamsi in his 20th directorial film. Jointly produced by K. Srinivasulu, S. Venugopal and Sajju, it features Sundeep Kishan, Tanish, Regina Cassandra, Pragya Jaiswal, and Prakash Raj in the lead roles, while J. D. Chakravarthy and Sivaji Raja play supporting roles with Sai Dharam Tej in an extended special appearance. It was released on 4 August 2017 to negative reviews. It was dubbed in Hindi as Mass Masala.
Witches (anthology)
Witches is an anthology of themed fantasy and science fiction short stories on the subject of witches edited by Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh as the second volume in their Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy series. It was first published in paperback by Signet/New American Library in April 1984. It was later gathered together with Wizards, the first book in the series, into the omnibus hardcover collection Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy: Witches & Wizards (1985).

The book collects fourteen novellas, novelettes and short stories by various fantasy and science fiction authors, with an introduction by Asimov.

Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy
Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy is a series of twelve themed paperback fantasy and science fiction anthologies edited by  Isaac Asimov, Martin H. Greenberg and Charles G. Waugh, a companion set to the ten volume Isaac Asimov's Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction, produced by the same editors. It was published by Signet/New American Library from 1983 to 1991. Volumes 1 and 2 were also issued in hardcover in an omnibus collection titled Isaac Asimov's Magical Worlds of Fantasy: Witches & Wizards.

Each volume in the series featured stories devoted to a different fantastic theme, as indicated in the individual volume titles. Most volumes also included an introduction by Asimov.
Kirkby
Kirkby (/ˈkɜːrbi/ ⓘ KUR-bee) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, Merseyside, England. The town, historically in Lancashire, has a size of 4,070 acres (16.5 km2) is 5 miles (8 km) north of Huyton and 6 miles (10 km) north-east of Liverpool. The population in 2016 was 41,495 making it the largest in Knowsley and the 9th biggest settlement in Merseyside.

Evidence of Bronze Age activity has been noted though the first direct evidence of a settlement dates to 1086 via the Domesday Book. The town was mainly farmland until the mid-20th century until the construction of ROF Kirkby, the largest Royal Ordnance Factory filling munitions, during the Second World War; Kirkby's urban development happened in the post-war period.

In November 2020, Liverpool F.C. relocated its training facilities from the Melwood site in West Derby, to the town following the completion of the new training centre.

Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley
The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley is a metropolitan borough in Merseyside, North West England. It covers several towns and villages, including Kirkby, Prescot, Huyton, Roby, Whiston, Halewood, Cronton  and Stockbridge Village; Kirkby, Huyton, and Prescot being the major commercial centres. It takes its name from the village of Knowsley, though its headquarters are in Huyton. It forms part of the wider Liverpool City Region.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, the borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of Huyton-with-Roby Urban District, Kirkby Urban District and Prescot Urban District, along with most of Whiston Rural District and a small part of West Lancashire Rural District, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.

It is known for Knowsley Hall and Knowsley Safari Park.
Ferne House
Ferne House is a country house in the parish of Donhead St Andrew in Wiltshire, England, owned by Viscount Rothermere.

There has been a settlement on the site since 1225 AD. The current house, known as Ferne Park and the third to occupy the site, was designed by the 2005 Driehaus Prize winner Quinlan Terry in 2001. The estate grounds straddle Donhead St Andrew and Berwick St John parishes.

Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age artefacts were found in the vicinity of the house during 1988 archaeological fieldwork.

Quinlan Terry
John Quinlan Terry CBE (born 24 July 1937) is a British architect.  He was educated at Bryanston School and the Architectural Association School of Architecture. He was a pupil of architect Raymond Erith, with whom he formed the partnership Erith & Terry.

Quinlan Terry is a well-known representative of New Classical architecture and the favourite architect of King Charles III.  He has a keen interest in how traditional architecture contributes to the debate on sustainability and has lectured frequently on the subject.

Quinlan Terry continues to practise full time with partner Roger Barrell under the name Quinlan Terry Architects LLP.
Burton M. Fine
Burton M. Fine (February 4, 1932 – January 18, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer.

Fine was born in New York City, New York, the son of Judge Sidney A. Fine. He graduated from the Bronx High School of Science and served in the United States Army from 1954 to 1956. He received his bachelor's degree from Cornell University and his law degree from Columbia Law School. He practiced law in New York City and worked in the United States Attorney office for the Southern District of New York. From 1961 to 1965, Fine served in the New York State Assembly and was involved with the Democratic Party.

Sidney A. Fine
Sidney Asher Fine (September 14, 1903 – April 13, 1982) was an American lawyer, politician and justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1956 to 1973. From 1951 to 1956, he served three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Returnal
Returnal is a 2021 third-person shooter game developed by Housemarque and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for the PlayStation 5. A port to Windows developed by Climax Studios was released on 15 February 2023. It follows Selene Vassos, an astronaut who lands on the planet Atropos in search of the mysterious "White Shadow" signal and finds herself trapped in a time loop. The gameplay combines bullet hell, third-person shooter and roguelite elements.

Returnal received generally positive reviews from critics for its visuals, combat, audio design and technical achievements, though its difficulty and roguelike design were met with mixed opinions. It won several end-year accolades, including Best Game at the 18th British Academy Games Awards. The game had sold 866,000 copies by February 2022, before being released for Windows in February 2023. A spiritual successor, Saros, will be released in 2026.

Time loop
The time loop or temporal loop is a plot device in fiction whereby characters re-experience a span of time which is repeated, sometimes more than once, with some hope of breaking out of the cycle of repetition. Time loops are constantly resetting; when a certain condition is met, such as a death of a character or a certain point in time, the loop starts again, possibly with one or more characters retaining the memories from the previous loop.

A time loop is also sometimes used to describe a scenario involving time travel where events form a circular chain of causality. In this context, actions in the past lead to future events, which then trigger the original journey back in time, creating a self-contained loop without a clear starting point. This concept challenges the conventional linear view of time and is often explored in science fiction and theories of temporal physics, such as those involving closed timelike curves.
1998 United States elections
Elections were held on November 3, 1998, in the middle of Democratic President Bill Clinton's second term and during impeachment proceedings against the president as a result of the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal. Though Republicans retained control of both chambers of Congress, the elections were unusual because this is the first midterm since 1934 that the president's party gained seats in the House of Representatives.

Several Senate seats changed hands, but neither party made a net gain. In the House of Representatives, Democrats picked up five seats, marking the first time since the 1934 elections in which the incumbent president's party did not suffer losses in either house of Congress. This also occurred in 2002. This is the most recent midterm election in which neither chamber of Congress changed partisan control.

The disruption of the six-year itch is attributed to wide opposition to the impeachment investigations against Clinton and his high popularity numbers.

Six-year itch
The six-year itch, according to political scientists, is the pattern which takes place during a U.S. president's sixth year in office. This year is characterized by the nation's disgruntled attitude towards the president and their political party. During this time, there is a midterm election and the incumbent president's party usually loses a significant number of seats in Congress.

The term is derived from the phrase "seven-year itch", referring to a supposed pattern that relationships often sour after seven years of marriage, and the 1955 film of the same name. One of the earliest uses of the term in politics was by Republican strategist Kevin Phillips in a nationally syndicated 1973 column which looked ahead to the 1974 midterms.
Bardic name
A bardic name (Welsh: enw barddol, Cornish: hanow bardhek, Breton: anv ur barzh) is a pseudonym used by poets and other artists in the Brythonic cultures of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany.

In Wales, it is also associated with the National Eisteddfod, with new members of the Gorsedd assuming a bardic name when being admitted.

National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru ⓘ) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales. Its eight days of competitions and performances are considered the largest music and poetry festival in Europe. Competitors typically number 6,000 or more, and overall attendance generally exceeds 100,000 visitors, the highest recently being 186,000 attending the 2024 festival in Pontypridd.  The 2018 Eisteddfod was held in Cardiff Bay with a fence-free 'Maes'. In 2020, the event was held virtually under the name AmGen; events were held over a one-week period.
Saint Joseph's dreams
Saint Joseph's dreams are four dreams described in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament in which Joseph, the legal father of Jesus, is visited by an angel of the Lord and receives specific instructions and warnings of impending danger. All four dreams come from the period around the Nativity of Jesus and his early life, between the onset of Mary's pregnancy and the family's return from the Flight to Egypt. They are often distinguished by numbers as "Joseph's first dream" and so on.  Especially in art history, the first may be referred to as the Annunciation to Joseph.

Joseph's Dream (Crespi)
Joseph's Dream is a 1620s painting by Daniele Crespi, now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It shows an angel appearing to Joseph of Nazareth in his sleep to warn him of Herod the Great's intent to kill Jesus and to instruct him to flee into Egypt (Matthew 2:13). The subject depicts the second of Saint Joseph's four dreams as noted in the Gospel of Matthew.
Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.

Oklahoma Senate
The Oklahoma Senate is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the other being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

Senators approve or reject gubernatorial appointments, and contribute to the creation of both state law and an annual state budget. Every ten years, they aid in drawing new boundaries for Oklahoma's electoral districts. The Oklahoma Senate also serves as a court of impeachment.

The presiding officer of the Senate is the lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, who is the president of the Senate. Since the 1960s, the president pro tempore of the Senate has presided over daily work. Prior to that time, the president of the Senate took a leading role in the Senate, including appointing committees and members to those committees. The president of the Senate may cast a vote only in the instance of a tie vote and may not vote to create a tie.
Vaseux Protected Area
Vaseux Protected Area is a protected area in the Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada. It was established on April 18, 2001 to protect the habitats of a number of blue-listed and red-listed species, most notably the winter rangeland for California Bighorn Sheep. The protected area adds to the similarly sized Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area that was established by the Canadian Wildlife Service in 1979.

Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area
Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area is a National Wildlife Area in British Columbia, Canada, primarily set aside to protect winter rangeland for California bighorn sheep. In 1979, the Vaseux-Bighorn Wildlife Area was established in response to substantial reduction in wild animal populations in the area. Identified factors contributing to species decline at the time were high predator population, overharvesting of species, and illegal hunting. Land development, cattle raising, and lumbering also might have altered species populations. Under these conditions, the area was able to be classified as a Category IV area by the IUCN  and is now used for wildlife habitat and conservation.  Even with minimal anthropogenic use of the area, threats persist through invasive species. Recreational use is limited spatially and is only open to the public during the day.
Andrew Bird (rowing)
Andrew David Bird (born 17 March 1967) is a former New Zealand rowing cox who won an Olympic bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

Bird was born in Greymouth, New Zealand, in 1967. He won bronze in the coxed four along with George Keys, Greg Johnston, Ian Wright and Chris White. In 1986 Bird won silver medals in the coxed four at both the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh and the World Rowing Championships in Nottingham. In 1987 he coxed the men's eight at the World Championships in Denmark.

He lives in Wellington where he is the principal of Kelburn Normal primary school. His daughter, Lucy Bird, won gold as a coxswain for the women's premier eight at the 2016 New Zealand rowing nationals.

Greg Johnston (rower)
Peter Gregory Johnston (born 16 May 1959), known as Greg Johnston, is a former New Zealand rower who won an Olympic bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. During his rowing career, Johnston has won 26 national championship titles in rowing, and was world champion in 1983 in the coxed four event.
The Curse of the Yellow Snake
The Curse of the Yellow Snake (German: Der Fluch der gelben Schlange) is a 1963 West German crime thriller film directed by Franz Josef Gottlieb and starring Joachim Fuchsberger, Brigitte Grothum and Pinkas Braun. It is based on the 1926 novel The Yellow Snake by Edgar Wallace. It was made as part of a series of films based on Wallace's work, made either by CCC Film or the rival Rialto.

It was shot at the Spandau Studios in West Berlin and on location in London. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Hans Jürgen Kiebach and Ernst Schomer.

Joachim Fuchsberger
Joachim "Blacky" Fuchsberger (pronounced [ˈjoːaxɪm ˈfʊksbɛʁɡɐ]; 11 March 1927 – 11 September 2014) was a German actor and television host, best known to a wide German-speaking audience as one of the recurring actors in various Edgar Wallace movies (often a Detective Inspector with Scotland Yard). In the English-speaking world, he was sometimes credited as Akim Berg or Berger.
Lampette
The Lampette was a brand of small electric high-intensity telescoping desk lamps that was designed and distributed by Koch Creations but manufactured by various subcontractors from the early 1960s to the late 1980s.

Tensor lamp
A Tensor lamp is a trademarked brand of small high-intensity low-voltage desk lamp invented by Jay Monroe. The lamp was mainly popular during the 1960s and 1970s. The lamp was originally used by doctors and dentists, and later became more widely used. The first prototype was created in 1959, and the lamp was commercialized in 1960 by the Tensor Corporation.
Chester Dempsey
Chester E. Dempsey (July 20, 1896 – October 4, 1969) was an American farmer and politician.

Born in the town of Merton, Wisconsin, Dempsey owned and operated a dairy farm. He served on the Waukesha County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors and in town government. He served in the Wisconsin State Senate as a Democrat from 1935 to 1939, but was defeated in 1938 by Republican William A. Freehoff.

He left the Democratic Party in 1940, stating that he was against a third term for President Franklin D. Roosevelt and that as a farmer, "The Republican party is the only party left for me to join."

He ran against Freehoff in the 1942 primary election, losing with 4,260 votes to 4,575 for Freehoff and 1020 for a third candidate. In 1946, he defeated Freehoff in the primary, with 10,075 votes to 8,798. He won the general election, and would serve as a Republican from 1947 until his death on October 4, 1969. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Roger P. Murphy.

William A. Freehoff
William Adolph Freehoff (December 27, 1889 – January 22, 1950) was an American farmer, insurance executive, and Republican politician.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate (1939–1947) and State Assembly (1921–1925), representing Waukesha County.
Moe Chronicle
Moe Chronicle, commonly known in Japan as Genkai Tokki Moero Chronicle (限界凸記 モエロクロニクル, Genkai Tokki Moero Kuronikuru), is a dungeon crawler role-playing video game developed by Compile Heart for the PlayStation Vita. It is the second game in Compile Heart's Genkai Tokki series of video games, following Monster Monpiece and preceding direct sequel Moero Crystal and Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates. Moe Chronicle was released on May 15, and an Asian release featuring Chinese and English subtitles was later published by Sony Computer Entertainment and released on May 5, 2015. It was then released on Steam with English, Japanese and Chinese subtitles on August 16, 2017, as Moero Chronicle. On April 26, 2019, the game was released as Moero Chronicle Hyper on the Nintendo Switch with pre-orders opening for a physical version later that year.

Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates
Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates (限界凸旗 セブンパイレーツ) is a role-playing video game for the PlayStation Vita developed by Felistella and published by Compile Heart. It is the fourth entry in the Genkai Tokki series, after Monster Monpiece, Moero Chronicle, and Moero Crystal. Unlike the previous games, it carries a pirate-based theme, and follows protagonist Parute Kairi as she searches for treasure on the Monsupi Sea. Like previous games, Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates places emphasis on ecchi content. The game was released on August 4, 2016, in Japan only. A port for Nintendo Switch titled, Genkai Tokki: Seven Pirates H, was released on February 3, 2022, in Japan, and on May 12, 2022, globally under the name Seven Pirates H.
Pumping lemma for context-free languages
In computer science, in particular in formal language theory, the pumping lemma for context-free languages, also known as the Bar-Hillel lemma, is a lemma that gives a property shared by all context-free languages and generalizes the pumping lemma for regular languages.

The pumping lemma can be used to construct a refutation by contradiction that a specific language is not context-free. Conversely, the pumping lemma does not suffice to guarantee that a language is context-free; there are other necessary conditions, such as Ogden's lemma, or the Interchange lemma.

Ogden's lemma
In the theory of formal languages, Ogden's lemma (named after William F. Ogden) is a generalization of the pumping lemma for context-free languages.

Despite Ogden's lemma being a strengthening of the pumping lemma, it is insufficient to fully characterize the class of context-free languages. This is in contrast to the Myhill–Nerode theorem, which unlike the pumping lemma for regular languages is a necessary and sufficient condition for regularity.