hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Loveman's of Alabama
Loveman's of Alabama was a Birmingham, Alabama-based chain of department stores with locations across Alabama. It adopted this name to distinguish it from Loveman's department stores operating in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and in Nashville, Tennessee.

Loveman's (Nashville)
Loveman, Berger & Teitelbaum, more commonly referred to as Loveman's, was a Nashville, Tennessee-based full service department store, originally located at 5th and Union streets in that city. Relatives of the founder of this chain founded Loveman's of Alabama and Loveman's located in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Tyaskin, Maryland
Tyaskin is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. Its population was 236 as of the 2010 census. It is part of the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Beaudley was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

Salisbury metropolitan area
The Salisbury, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau–designated metropolitan area centered in and around Salisbury, Maryland, including two counties in Maryland: Somerset and Wicomico.  Until 2023, the Salisbury MSA also included Worcester County.

Under the previous CBSA definition, the metropolitan area had a population of 423,481 residents as of the 2020 census. In addition, under the previous Combined Statistical Area definition, the Salisbury-Cambridge, MD-DE Combined Statistical Area of the Salisbury metropolitan area with the Cambridge micropolitan statistical area had a total 2020 population of 456,012.
Modification (mathematics)
In mathematics, specifically category theory, a modification is an arrow between natural transformations. It is a 3-cell in the 3-category of 2-cells (where the 2-cells are natural transformations, the 1-cells are functors, and the 0-cells are categories). The notion is due to Bénabou.

Given two natural transformations , there exists a modification  such that:

,

, and

.

The following commutative diagram shows an example of a modification and its inner workings.

Natural transformation
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a natural transformation provides a way of transforming one functor into another while respecting the internal structure (i.e., the composition of morphisms) of the categories involved. Hence, a natural transformation can be considered to be a "morphism of functors". Informally, the notion of a natural transformation states that a particular map between functors can be done consistently over an entire category.

Indeed, this intuition can be formalized to define so-called functor categories. Natural transformations are, after categories and functors, one of the most fundamental notions of category theory and consequently appear in the majority of its applications.
Ricau de Tarascon
Ricau de Tarascon (also spelled Ricautz or Ricavi) was a Provençal knight and troubadour from Tarascon, active between 1200 and 1240. He served Count Raymond Berengar V of Provence as an administrator.

His vida portrays him as a good "servant" of ladies. He wrote both sirventes and cansos, but only two songs survive. "Ab tan de sen cum Deus m'a dat", a canso, is accepted by scholars to be his and is generally ascribed to him in the chansonniers, although it is also ascribed to Gui de Cavalhon and Aimeric de Peguillan. Ricau knew Gui personally, since together they composed a tenso (debate poem), "Cabrit, al mieu vejaire", in which Gui is called "Cabrit". The tenso is jocular in tone. Its poetic structure is borrowed from a song of Perdigon's that was also reused by Joan Esteve.

Gui de Cavalhon
Gui de Cavalhon, Cavaillo, or Gavaillo (fl. 1200–1229) was a Provençal nobleman: a diplomat, warrior, and man of letters. He was probably also the Guionet who composed tensos and partimens with Cadenet, Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, Mainart Ros, Pomairol, and a certain Guillem.
Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary
Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary (also spelled Gautam Buddha) is a wildlife sanctuary located in Gaya district of Bihar state and Koderma district of Jharkhand state in east-central India.

The refuge was established in 1976, and covers an area of 259 km2. Prior to becoming a wildlife refuge, the area was a private hunting reserve.

The refuge covers portions of the Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests and Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests ecoregions. Plant communities include dry and moist sal (Shorea robusta) forests, ravine thorn forest, and tropical dry riverine forest.

Fauna include tigers, leopards, wolves, sloth bears, chitals, chinkaras, and many species of birds.

The sanctuary has a rest house. The refuge is 65 km southeast of Gaya, which has a railway station and airport.

Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of 254,100 square kilometres (98,100 sq mi), comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura, and extending into adjacent states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and a tiny part of Assam, as well as adjacent western Myanmar.
Monica Zetterlund
Monica Zetterlund (born Eva Monica Nilsson; 20 September 1937 – 12 May 2005) was a Swedish jazz singer and actress. She represented Sweden in the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest with the jazz ballad "En gång i Stockholm" ("Once Upon a Time in Stockholm"). Through her lifetime, she starred in over 10 Swedish film productions and recorded over 20 studio albums. She gained international fame through her collaborative album with Bill Evans, Waltz for Debby.

Walkin' My Baby Back Home (song)
"Walkin' My Baby Back Home" is a popular song written in 1930 by Roy Turk (lyrics) and Fred E. Ahlert (music).

The song first charted in 1931 with versions by Nick Lucas (No. 8), Ted Weems (also No. 8), The Charleston Chasers (No. 15) and Lee Morse (No. 18).
The Big Six
The Big Six is the ninth book of Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of children's books, published in 1940. The book returns Dick and Dorothea Callum, known as the Ds, to the Norfolk Broads where they renew their friendship with the members of the Coot Club. This book is more of a detective story as the Ds and Coot Club try to unravel a mystery that threatens the Death and Glories' freedom to sail the river. Dorothea names the group of amateur detectives "The Big Six", an allusion to the "Big Five"  group of murder detectives at Scotland Yard.

Swallows and Amazons series
The Swallows and Amazons series is a series of twelve children's adventure novels by English author Arthur Ransome. Set in the interwar period, the novels involve group adventures by children, mainly in the school holidays and mainly in England. They revolve around outdoor activities, especially sailing. Literary critic Peter Hunt believes it "changed British literature, affected a whole generation's view of holidays, helped to create the national image of the English Lake District and added Arthur Ransome's name to the select list of classic British children's authors." The series remains popular and inspires visits to the Lake District and Norfolk Broads, where many of the books are set.

There are several societies for studying and promoting Ransome's work, notably this series. The earliest was the Arthur Ransome Club in Japan. The British-based Arthur Ransome Society has an international membership.
Ajaya Pratap Shah
Ajay Pratap Shah (died September 12, ? in Lucknow, India) was a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Rastriya Prajatantra Party. In 1999 parliamentary election he was elected from the Kapilvastu-4 constituency, with 14091 votes.

After the royal coup d'état in February 2005, Shah went into exile in India.

After his death, RPP nominated his son, Abhisek Pratap Shah, to take his parliamentary seat in January 2008.

Abhishek Pratap Shah
Abhishek Pratap Shah (Nepali: अभिषेक प्रताप शाह, born 1 October 1982) is a Nepalese politician belonging to Nepali Congress. He serves as the member of parliament for Kapilvastu 3. He was previously a member of the first and second Constituent Assembly of Nepal representing Kapilvastu 5. Shah filed a complaint against former prime minister K. P. Sharma Oli for firing on the protesters in the Gen Z strike.
Magnetic pulse welding
Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) is a solid-state welding process that uses magnetic forces to weld two workpieces together. The welding mechanism is most similar to that of explosion welding.
Magnetic pulse welding started in the early 1970s, when the automotive industry began to use solid-state welding.

The primary advantage of using magnetic pulse welding is that the formation of brittle intermetallic phases is avoided, allowing the joining of metals which cannot be effectively joined by fusion welding.  Additionally, the process is nearly instantaneous and does not require shielding gas or other welding consumables.

Explosion welding
Explosion welding (EXW) is a solid state (solid-phase) process where welding is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of chemical explosives.  This process is often used to clad carbon steel or aluminium plate with a thin layer of a harder or more corrosion-resistant material (e.g., stainless steel, nickel alloy, titanium, or zirconium). Due to the nature of this process, producible geometries are very limited. Typical geometries produced include plates, tubing and tube sheets.
Bussy-Chardonney
Bussy-Chardonney (Arpitan: Bussê-Chardenê) is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges.

The municipality was created in 1961 by a merger of Bussy-sur-Morges and Chardonney-sur-Morges. This union also existed before 1744 and between 1799 and 1819.

On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.

Reverolle
Reverolle is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud, located in the district of Morges. On 1 July 2021 the former municipalities of Apples, Cottens, Pampigny, Sévery, Bussy-Chardonney and Reverolle merged into the new municipality of Hautemorges.
Cycloteuthis sirventi
Cycloteuthis sirventi, commonly known as Sirvent's disc-fin squid, is a species of squid in the family Cycloteuthidae, of which it is the most common. It is possible that C. akimushkini is a junior synonym of C. sirventi. The species occurs in the tropical to polar western Atlantic Ocean. It has a maximum mantle length of 500mm.

Cycloteuthidae
The Cycloteuthidae are a family in the order Oegopsida, comprising two genera. While physically dissimilar, molecular evidence supports the relatedness of the genera. The family is found primarily in mesopelagic tropical to subtropical waters. Cycloteuthidae are characterised by a triangular funnel locking apparatus.
Kumano Magaibutsu
Kumano Magaibutsu (熊野磨崖仏) is a group of Buddhist statues carved in bas-relief into a tuff cliff on the Kunisaki Peninsula in Bungotakada, Ōita Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. In 1955, Kumano Magaibutsu, along with nearby Motomiya Magaibutsu (元宮磨崖仏) and Nabeyama Magaibutsu (鍋山磨崖仏), were designated as a National Historic Sites of Japan. The carvings were designated as a National Important Cultural Property in 1964.

Bungotakada, Ōita
Bungotakada (豊後高田市, Bungotakada-shi) is a city located in Ōita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 21,980 in 11038 households, and a  population density of 96 persons per km². The total area of the city is 206.24 km2 (79.63 sq mi).
Nayak (title)
Nayak, Nayaka or Nayakar, was historically a honorific title conferred on a military captain in various feudal states of the Indian subcontinent, as a derivative of the ancient Sanskrit word Nāyaka. The title often came with a prize in the form of a palayam, jagir, zamindari, or similar grant of a fief carved out of the newly annexed territory. Today, they are also used as surnames by the descendants of the original recipients and as the modern military rank of Naik, while the film industry has co-opted the term with Katha Nayagan and Kathanayakudu. The title is closely related to the Telugu Nayakudu, Nayudu, or Naidu, the Malayali Nair, and the Tamil Nayakar, Nayakan, Naicken and Naicker. Nayaks are mostly Hindu with a few Sikhs.

Indian honorifics
Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships. These may take the form of prefixes, suffixes or replacements.
Carl Littlefield
Carl Lester Littlefield (August 6, 1916 – May 23, 1988) was an American football back who played from 1938 to 1940 in the National Football League (NFL) and third American Football League (AFL).

Born in Plymouth, California, Littlefield attended Sacramento Junior College, where he played fullback and was the team's punter. He then played as a fullback at Washington State, and the Associated Press called him "Probably the most sought-after player" among those who were not picked in the 1938 NFL draft. Littlefield went to the Cleveland Rams for the 1938 season, where he played in nine games and rushed 19 times for 69 yards; he also returned a fumble for his only NFL touchdown. After the season, the Rams traded him to the New York Giants for Jack Haden, but they released him and the Pittsburgh Pirates acquired Littlefield. In 1939 and 1940, he played for the Pirates, running for 141 yards in 39 attempts. In 1940, Littlefield also played for the AFL's Buffalo Indians.

Jack Haden
Jack Craydon Haden (October 2, 1914 – January 25, 1996) was an American professional football tackle who played three seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Arkansas.
A Parcel of Steeleye Span
A Parcel of Steeleye Span, full title A Parcel of Steeleye Span: Their First Five Chrysalis Albums 1972–1975, is a 2009 remastered box set of Steeleye Span's first five Chrysalis albums: Below the Salt, Parcel of Rogues, Now We Are Six, Commoners Crown, All Around My Hat.

It was rated 4.5 stars by AllMusic.

Commoners Crown
Commoners Crown is the seventh studio album by British folk rock band Steeleye Span, released in 1975 by Chrysalis Records. It was their second album with the band's most commercially successful line-up. The album reached number 21 in the UK album charts.

The album's title refers to a sculpture produced by Shirtsleeves Studio, which appears on the cover of the album.  The sculpture is composed of hundreds of tiny human figures assembled to form a crown.  The tiny figures also decorate the liner notes.

The album's cover can be seen in Stanley Kubrick's 'The Shining' approximately 1 hour, 10 minutes, 14 seconds in, at the beginning of the scene where Dick Hallorann (Scatman Crothers) is in bed watching TV.
Kahn-e Karim
Kahn-e Karim (Persian: کهن کریم) is a village in, and the capital of, Paskuh Rural District of Paskuh District, Sib and Suran County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Paskuh.

Paskuh, Iran
Paskuh (Persian: پسکوه) is a village in, and the former capital of, Paskuh Rural District of Paskuh District, Sib and Suran County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the district. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Kahn-e Karim.
Ecsenius pulcher
Ecsenius pulcher, the Gulf blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in the western Indian Ocean. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds.

Ecsenius
Ecsenius is a large genus of fish in the family Blenniidae. Several species, including Ecsenius midas, the Midas blenny, and Ecsenius bicolor, the bicolor blenny, are commonly sold at aquarium stores as pets.
Phineas Stevens
Capt. Phineas Stevens (20 February 1706 – 6 April 1756) was a distinguished officer noted for his defense of the Fort at Number 4 during a siege in April 1747, when a combined force of French and Native American soldiers failed to capture the fort and the 32 British soldiers defending it. Stevens was born in Sudbury, Massachusetts and was one of the fort's founders, serving as commander of the militia until 1750; he was also one of the earliest Anglo-American colonists to settle in the area. Stevens was active during King George's War and the French and Indian War, and died at Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia in 1756.

Siege of Fort at Number 4
The siege of Fort at Number Four (7–9 April 1747) was a frontier action at present-day Charlestown, New Hampshire,
during King George's War. The Fort at Number 4 (named so because it was located in the fourth of a series of recently surveyed township land parcels), was unsuccessfully besieged by a French and Native force under the command of Ensign Joseph Boucher de Niverville.  The British defenders were alerted to the presence of the besiegers by their dogs, and were well-prepared to defend the fort.  They successfully fought off attempts to burn the fort down, and turned down demands that they surrender.  Some of Boucher de Niverville's Natives, short on provisions, attempted to bargain with the fort's defenders for supplies, but were rejected.
Philip Türje
Philip from the kindred Türje (Hungarian: Türje nembeli Fülöp, Croatian: Filip; c. 1218 – 18 December 1272), also known as, albeit incorrectly, Philip of Szentgrót (Hungarian: Szentgróti Fülöp) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1247 or 1248 to 1262, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1262 until his death.

Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest
The Archdiocese of Esztergom–Budapest (Latin: Archidioecesis Strigoniensis–Budapestinensis; Hungarian: Esztergom-Budapesti főegyházmegye) is a Latin Church archdiocese and primatial seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary and the metropolitan see of one of Hungary's four Latin Church ecclesiastical provinces.

The archdiocese's archbishop retains the title of "Primate", which gives this see precedence over all other Latin Hungarian dioceses, including the fellow Metropolitan Archbishops of Eger, Kalocsa–Kecskemét and Veszprém, but the incumbent may be individually (and temporarily) outranked if one of them holds a (higher) cardinalate. Its current Archbishop is Péter Erdő.
Muon spin spectroscopy
Muon spin spectroscopy, also known as μSR, is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection of the influence of the atomic, molecular or crystalline surroundings on their spin motion. The motion of the muon spin is due to the magnetic field experienced by the particle and may provide information on its local environment in a very similar way to other magnetic resonance techniques, such as electron spin resonance (ESR or EPR) and, more closely, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Muonium
Muonium (/mjuː.ˈoʊ.ni.əm/, mew-OH-nee-əm) is an exotic atom made up of an antimuon and an electron, which was discovered in 1960 by Vernon W. Hughes and is given the chemical symbol Mu. During the muon's 2.2 µs lifetime, muonium can undergo chemical reactions.
Oxalis hedysaroides
Oxalis hedysaroides, known as the fire fern, is not a fern but a flowering perennial plant native throughout Colombia and Ecuador. It is a member of the woodsorrel genus (Oxalis) that grows to 30 cm height and 10 cm spread.

The plant gets its common name from the fact that its leaves, while starting green, turn a deep purple red with exposure to sun. Oxalis hedysaroides is a very mobile plant and will rotate its foliage significantly to follow the sun. At dusk, the plant can seem to quiver slightly as the red leaves partially close by folding in half.

The foliage of the fire fern is supported by branched wiry purple stems, and the plant produces small yellow flowers when in bloom.

Oxalis
Oxalis (UK: /ɒksɑːlɪs/ ok-SAH-liss, US: /ˈɒksəlɪs/ OK-sə-liss) is a large genus of flowering plants in the wood-sorrel family, Oxalidaceae, comprising over 550 species. The genus occurs throughout most of the world, except for the polar areas; species diversity is particularly rich in tropical Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa.

Many of the species are known as wood-sorrels (also as wood sorrels or woodsorrels) as they have an acidic taste reminiscent of the sorrel proper (Rumex acetosa), which is not closely related. Some species are called yellow sorrels or pink sorrels after the colour of their flowers instead. Other species are colloquially known as false shamrocks, and some called sourgrasses. For the genus as a whole, the term oxalises is also used. Many plants in this genus contain oxalic acid; the acid being named after the genus Oxalis.
Okhotsk (train)
The Okhotsk (オホーツク, Ohōtsuku) is a limited express train service in Japan operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido), which runs between Sapporo and Abashiri. There are two services per day running in both directions, with the journey time taking approximately 5 hours and 30 minutes. Trains operate at a maximum speed of 110 km/h (68 mph). It is named after the Sea of Okhotsk.

KiHa 283 series
The KiHa 283 series (キハ283系) is a tilting diesel-hydraulic multiple unit (DMU) train type operated by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido) on limited express services in Hokkaido, Japan, since 1997. They were based on the KiHa 281 series trains introduced in 1994.
2013 Brisbane International
The 2013 Brisbane International was a joint 2013 ATP World Tour and 2013 WTA Tour tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts in Brisbane, Queensland. It was the 5th edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson. It was held from 30 December 2012 to 6 January 2013. It was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first Grand Slam of the year.

2013 ATP World Tour
The 2013 ATP World Tour was the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2013 tennis season. The 2013 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF) and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2013 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which was organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points.
Sambo Junaidu
Professor Sambo Wali Junaidu is a scholar of Islam and Arabic Literature. He is the 13th Wazirin Sokoto and Chairman Advisory Committee on Religious Affairs and Moon Sighting Committee, Sultanate Council, Sokoto. He was a former lecturer at the Department of Arabic Studies of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. He succeeded his elder brother Alhaji Usman Junaidu, OFR the 12th Waziri of Sokoto, who died in 2017.

Sokoto Grand Vizier
The Sokoto Grand Vizier, or Wazirin Sokoto, was the grand vizier to the sultan of Sokoto, the paramount chief of the Sokoto Caliphate and suzerain of the Usman dan Fodiyo Jihad states. The position survived the fall of the empire as a largely honorary ceremonial rank in contemporary Nigeria.