hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Christopher Bernevall
Christopher Bernevall, or Barnewall (1370–1446) was an Irish politician and  judge of the fifteenth century, who held the offices of Vice-Treasurer of Ireland and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. He was deeply involved in the political controversies of his time, and was a leading opponent of the powerful Anglo-Irish magnate James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond. His elder son Nicholas also held office as Lord Chief Justice, and his younger son Robert was created the first Baron Trimleston.

Lord High Treasurer of Ireland
The Lord High Treasurer of Ireland was the head of the Exchequer of Ireland, and chief financial officer of the Kingdom of Ireland. The designation High was added in 1695.

After the Acts of Union 1800 created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Consolidated Fund Act 1816 merged the Irish Inferior Exchequer into the British Treasury with effect from 1817.

The act also mandated that the post of Lord High Treasurer of Ireland could only be held together with the post of Treasurer of the Exchequer, with the person holding both being Lord High Treasurer. If no person is appointed to the combined positions, then the Lord High Treasurer of Ireland is placed in commission and represented by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, as has been the case continuously since 1816.

The Superior Irish Exchequer, or Court of Exchequer, remained, led by the Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer.
Ferguson-Florissant School District
The Ferguson-Florissant School District (FFSD) is a public school district located in Greater St. Louis and in Missouri. Its headquarters are in Hazelwood. The district covers all or part of 11 municipalities, serving more than 11,000 students from preschool through 12th grade.

FFSD operates 17 elementary schools, four middle schools (one a STEAM and Gifted Academy), three A+ and NCA-CASI-accredited high schools and an alternative school.  It also offers a comprehensive early education program, the Challenger Learning Center space education facility and the Little Creek Nature Area, a 97-acre nature preserve used for experiential learning on subjects such as biology, ecology and related areas of science.

STEAM Academy at McCluer South-Berkeley
McCluer South-Berkeley High School is a grade 9-12 secondary school located at 201 Brotherton Lane in the city of Ferguson, Missouri. a suburb of St. Louis. Located in the Ferguson-Florissant School District (FFSD), McCluer South Berkeley is the newest secondary school.
Rastodon
Rastodon is a genus of dicynodont, an extinct group of herbivorous therapsids (the group to which modern mammals belong) from the Guadalupian (middle Permian) of Brazil. The type and only species is R. procurvidens, named in 2016 for its forward-curving tusks, unique among dicynodonts. Rastodon is one of the only dicynodonts known from the Permian period of South America. Rastodon was initially described as the earliest member of Bidentalia, a derived group of dicynodonts, and though this relationship was regarded with some scepticism, it was not until 2025 that the specimen was re-examined and reinterpreted as a member of the dicynodont family Kingoriidae.

Dicynodontia
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivores that typically bore a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian mass extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded at beginning of the following Triassic, but subsequently declined and died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 80-90 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers.
Pratt's sign
Pratt's sign is an indication of femoral deep vein thrombosis.  It is seen as the presence of dilated pretibial veins in the affected leg, which remain dilated on raising the leg.

The sign was described by American surgeon Gerald H. Pratt (1928–2006) of St. Vincent's Hospital in 1949.

This is not the same as the Pratt Test, which checks for a DVT by compressing a vein with the hands.

Pratt Test
The Pratt Test is a simple test to check for deep vein thrombosis in the leg.  It involves having the patient lie supine with the leg bent at the knee, grasping the calf with both hands and pressing on the popliteal vein in the proximal calf.  If the patient feels pain, it is a sign that a deep vein thrombosis exists.
Theater Sustainment Command
A theater sustainment command is a United States Army logistics headquarters.  The theater sustainment command is the senior army logistics command in a theater. The command is a modular organization tailored to meet specific requirements of the theater.  It will command one or more sustainment commands.

When serving in a joint environment where the army is the dominant service, the TSC could provide core elements of a single, joint logistics command and control capability.

Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)
An expeditionary sustainment command (ESC), stylized "Sustainment Command (Expeditionary)", is a logistics headquarters in the United States Army. The concept of sustainment is as follows: the provision of logistics, financial management, personnel services, and health service support necessary to maintain operations until a mission is successfully completed.
Nikolai Gumilev
Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev (also Gumilyov; Russian: Николай Степанович Гумилёв, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ ɡʊmʲɪˈlʲɵf] ⓘ; April 15 [O.S. 3 April] 1886 – August 26, 1921) was a Russian poet, literary critic, traveler, and military officer. He was a co-founder of the Acmeist movement. He was the husband of Anna Akhmatova and the father of Lev Gumilev. Nikolai Gumilev was arrested and executed by the Cheka, the secret Soviet police force, in 1921.

Osip Mandelstam
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (Russian: Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, IPA: [ˈosʲɪp ɨˈmʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam]; 14 January [O.S. 2 January] 1891 – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school.

Osip Mandelstam was arrested during the repressions of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938, Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to five years in a corrective-labour camp in the Soviet Far East. He died that year at a transit camp near Vladivostok.
Querns area, Cirencester
The Querns is an area of Cirencester, an ancient market town in the Cotswold hills of England.

Its principal feature is Cirencester Amphitheatre, an impressive ancient monument that is surrounded by many other archaeological features, most notably the extensive Roman quarries and a huge Roman cemetery, now largely buried beneath the Cirencester ring road.

Cirencester
Cirencester (/ˈsaɪ(ə)rənˌsɛstə/ ⓘ SY-rən-SEST-ə, occasionally /ˈsɪsɪtə/ ⓘ SIS-it-ə) is a market town and civil parish in the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire, England. It lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the Thames. Cirencester is the eighth largest settlement in Gloucestershire and the largest town within the Cotswolds. It is the home of the Royal Agricultural University, the oldest agricultural college in the English-speaking world, founded in 1840. The town had a population of 20,229 in 2021. The town is 18 miles (29 km) north-west of Swindon, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Gloucester, 37 miles (60 km) west of Oxford and 39 miles (63 km) north-east of Bristol.

The Roman name for the town was Corinium, which is thought to have been associated with the ancient British tribe of the Dobunni, having the same root word as the River Churn. The earliest known reference to the town was by Ptolemy in AD 150. The town's Corinium Museum has an extensive Roman collection.
John Calley (engineer)
John Calley (also spelt Cawley) (1663 – May 1725, The Hague), was a metalworker, plumber and glass-blower, who became famous for being Thomas Newcomen's partner. Like Newcomen, he was a member of a Dartmouth family.

He helped develop the Newcomen atmospheric engine. He worked with Newcomen in introducing the engine to the Midlands, operating under the patent of Thomas Savery. The engine they created was a variation on the then current technology using a combination of steam cylinders, pistons, surface condensation and the separation of parts that were usually placed together to create this new technology.

He installed an early Newcomen engine at More Hall Colliery in the grounds of Austhorpe Hall in Leeds, where he is said to have become ill and died during maintenance work. However, there is also evidence that he died in The Hague in 1725, while trying to secure a foreign patent for another device.

Thomas Newcomen
Thomas Newcomen  (/ˈnjuːkʌmən/; February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor, creator of the atmospheric engine in 1712, Baptist preacher by calling and ironmonger by trade.

He was born in Dartmouth, in Devon, England, to a merchant family and baptized at St. Saviour's Church on 28 February 1664. In those days, flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem. Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry.
Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant
Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant (NEVZ, Russian: Новочеркасский электровозостроительный завод), established in 1936, is based in the Russian town of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region. It is now (2015) part of Transmashholding.  NEVZ locomotives haul trains transporting 80% of all cargo on the electrified railways of Russia and CIS countries. On its production lines, the plant has produced around 15,000 locomotives of more than 40 types.

In June 1962, NEVZ workers went on strike and protested against the rise of food prices in the Soviet Union; the events became known as the Novocherkassk massacre, which took place when the striking workers were shot by Soviet troops. The N. S. Khrushchev government later covered up the story which became public only in the early 1990s.

PKP class ET42
The Soviet-made ET42 (also manufactured as NEWZ 112E) was PKP's (Polish National Railways) most powerful standard gauge electric freight locomotive. Due to its provenance, it is often referred to by its nickname of Rusek (Polish derogatory word for a native of Russia) or Czapajew (Chapayev) (Russian: Чапаев).
Etsumi-Hoku Line
The Etsumi-Hoku Line (越美北線, Etsumi Hoku-sen, "Etsumi North Line"), also called the Kuzuryū Line (九頭竜線, Kuzuryū-sen), is a railway line operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The line extends 52.5 km (32.6 mi) from Echizen-Hanandō Station in Fukui to Kuzuryūko Station in Ōno with a total of 22 stations.

The line was originally planned to connect to what is now the Nagaragawa Railway (previously Etsumi-Nan Line), but the last 24.0 km (14.9 mi) section that would have involved extensive tunneling was never commenced. A bus service provided a connection between the two lines until it ceased in 2002.

Ōno, Fukui
Ōno (大野市, Ōno-shi) is a city located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2026,  the city had an estimated population of 29,814 in 11,631 households and the population density of 34 persons per km2. The total area of the city was  872.43 square kilometres (336.85 sq mi). The town is encircled by a ring of mountains and the only way in or out is via tunnels or mountain roads.
Lonely Water
Lonely Water (widely known as The Spirit of Dark and Lonely Water) is a 1973 British public information film made for the Central Office of Information (COI). The film aimed to warn children of the dangers of careless or foolhardy behaviour in the vicinity of water, and was shown regularly on TV for several years during breaks in children's programming. Lonely Water is widely recalled as one of the most memorable and chilling of PIFs. In a poll carried out by the BBC on the 60th anniversary of the COI in 2006, Lonely Water was chosen as the UK's fourth-favourite PIF of all time and the highest ranked one-off production. Dozens of comments attested to the film's power and lasting impact on 1970s children.

Public information film
Public information films (PIFs) are government-commissioned short films, often shown during television advertising breaks in the United Kingdom. The name is sometimes also applied, faute de mieux, to similar films from other countries, but the US equivalent is the public service announcement (PSA). Public information films were commonplace from the 1950s until the 2000s and covered a variety of topics such as fire safety, safer driving and child abuse. Notable charities and campaigns include the NHS, NSPCC, Fire Kills  and Think  (Stylised THINK!). Public Information Films are still broadcast to this day but are much less common with the closure of the Central Office of Information in 2011. Public Information Films are notorious for being particularly brutal and frightening as, in the 70s and 80s, many PIFs were shown in school to warn young children on the dangers of playing on farming equipment and railroads.
Cape St Albans
Cape St Albans (also called Cape St Alban in some sources) is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia located on the north coast of the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island  in the gazetted locality of Willoughby about 18 kilometres (11 miles) south-east of the town of Penneshaw.

The cape is described as lying "about 2.25 nautical miles (4.17 km) N(orth) of Cape Willoughby and extends in a N[ortherly] direction as a narrow neck of land."  The cape serves both as the east headland of Antechamber Bay and as the west headland of Moncrieff Bay.  It was named after the town of St Albans in Hertfordshire by Thomas Lipson on 21 March 1850.  The cape is the site of a navigation aid which was initially a temporary fixed light installed during early 1908 and which was subsequently replaced by a lighthouse that was first lit in November 1908.

As of late 2012, the waters adjoining its shoreline are within the protected area known as the Encounter Marine Park.

Dudley Peninsula
Dudley Peninsula (known as Presquila Gallissoniere and as the MacDonnell Peninsula from 1857 to 1986) is the peninsula forming the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in the Australian state of South Australia.  It was inhabited by Aboriginal Australians as recently as 3,100 years BP but was found to be unoccupied by the first European explorers to visit it in the early 19th century.  It was first settled by Europeans as early as the 1830s.  As of 2011, it had a population of 595 people.
Last Frontier Theatre Conference
Renamed in 2021, the Valdez Theatre Conference is an annual conference on American Theatre held in Valdez, Alaska that focuses on playwrighting. Continually held each year since 1993, the conference puts out a call for play submissions, requesting playwrights from around the country to send one-act plays and full-length plays for consideration. Selected plays are read by actors in front of an audience, then each play is critiqued by professionals, academics in theatre, and audience members.

The Conference provides a series of workshops, symposia, theatrical productions, and panels at which participants have the opportunity to study with playwrights, directors, producers, and actors, as well as scholars and critics.

Valdez, Alaska
Valdez (/vælˈdiːz/ val-DEEZ; Alutiiq: Suacit) is a city in the Chugach Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. In 2020, the population of Valdez was 3,985, up slightly from 3,976 in 2010. It is the third most populated city in Alaska's Unorganized Borough.

Valdez was named in 1790 after the Spanish Navy Minister Antonio Valdés y Fernández Bazán. A former Gold Rush town, it is located at the head of Port Valdez on the eastern side of Prince William Sound. Valdez was incorporated in 1901, and flourished after the road link to Fairbanks was constructed in 1910. It suffered catastrophic damage during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, and is located near the site of the disastrous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill. Today, it is one of the most important ports in Alaska, a commercial fishing port as well as a freight terminal. Valdez is the terminus for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
Joanna Semel Rose
Joanna Semel Rose was an American art patron and collector, publisher, philanthropist, and connector, whose salons and dinners in her New York home brought together an international group of intellectuals, artists, authors and educators. For many decades the chairman of the board of Partisan Review magazine, she became known to the wider public from an award-winning exhibition of early American patchwork quilts from her collection that was mounted in honor of her 80th birthday.

David S. Rose
David Semel Rose (born June 12, 1957) is an American serial entrepreneur and angel investor. He is Chairman & CEO of the U.S Real Estate Market, a liquidity platform for institutional real estate investments,, Managing Partner of Rose Tech Ventures, a venture fund focused on Internet-based business, and Executive Chairman of Gust, which operates a collaboration platform for early stage angel investing.. He is the non-executive Chairman of the Board of the artificial intelligence company Thinkable AI and the online travel platform Bookitngo.
Belize national cricket team
The Belize national cricket team represents the country of Belize in international cricket. The team is organised by the Belize National Cricket Association, which has been an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1997 and an associate member since 2017. A team representing British Honduras had debuted in 1960, when England visited at the conclusion of its 1959–60 tour of the West Indies. Belize's first international tournament was a qualifier for the 2004 ICC Americas Championship, and the team has competed regularly in ICC Americas tournaments since then.

In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches played between Belize and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I.

Belize National Cricket Association
The Belize National Cricket Association is the national governing body of cricket in Belize, established in 1997. It gained affiliation with the International Cricket Council in 1997, the Belize National Sports Council in 2016, and the Belize Olympic Committee in 2020.
HMS Wild Goose
HMS Wild Goose, pennant number U45, was a Black Swan-class sloop of the Royal Navy. She was one of several ships of that class that took part in the famous "six in one trip" in 1943 (in which six U-boats were sunk in one patrol).

Black Swan-class sloop
The Black Swan class and Modified Black Swan class were two classes of sloop of the Royal Navy and Royal Indian Navy.  Twelve Black Swans were launched between 1939 and 1943, including four for the Royal Indian Navy; twenty-five Modified Black Swans were launched between 1942 and 1945, including two for the Royal Indian Navy; several other ships were cancelled.
Birzgale Parish
Birzgale Parish (Latvian: Birzgales pagasts) is an administrative territorial entity of the Ogre Municipality, Latvia.
The entire parish is on the left bank of the Daugava, in the region of Semigallia. The parish borders with Tome Parish, Vecumnieki Municipality Vecumnieki Parish and Valle Parish, Jaunjelgava Municipality Jaunjelgava, its rural territory and Sērene Parish, along Daugava with Skrīveri Municipality, Lielvārde Municipality Lielvārde city, its rural territory and Jumprava Parish.

Linde Manor
Linde Manor (German: Gut Linden) was a manor house in Linde, Birzgale Parish, Ogre Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is situated on the left bank of the Daugava. It was destroyed during the First World War and never restored, only minor ruins remain. Detailed sketches of Linde Manor have been preserved.  The 18th century Linde Manor Gates and Linde Manor Park are architectural monuments of national significance and have been preserved.
Pyrophyte
Pyrophytes are plants which have adapted to tolerate fire.

Fire acts favourably for some species. "Passive pyrophytes" resist the effects of fire, particularly when it passes over quickly, and hence can out-compete less resistant plants, which are damaged. "Active pyrophytes" have a similar competing advantage to passive pyrophytes, but they also contain volatile oils and hence encourage the incidence of fires which are beneficial to them. "Pyrophile" plants are plants which require fire in order to complete their cycle of reproduction. Pyrophytes while often considered being adapted to fire in general, they are actually just adapted to the specific fire regimes in which they are found. Problems can arise if the fire regime of a pyrophyte is disrupted or changed.

Longleaf pine
The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) is a pine species native to the Southeastern United States, found along the coastal plain from East Texas to southern Virginia, extending into northern and central Florida. In this area it is also known as "yellow pine" or "long leaf yellow pine", although it is properly just one out of a number of species termed yellow pine.  It reaches a height of 30–35 m (98–115 ft) and a diameter of 0.7 m (28 in). In the past, before extensive logging, they reportedly grew to 47 m (154 ft) with a diameter of 1.2 m (47 in). The tree is a cultural symbol of the Southern United States, being the official state tree of Alabama. This particular species is one of the eight pine tree species that falls under the "Pine" designation as the state tree of North Carolina.
Hemsedal Top 20
Hemsedal Top 20  is an organisation of twenty mountains in the Hemsedal fell that preferably can be climbed during the summer time. The twenty peaks are each signposted with the name of the peak and the trail leading to the top is marked with either blue-painted stones or a series of cairns. A green box is situated on each peak containing a guest book.

Hemsedal
Hemsedal is a municipality in Buskerud county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Hallingdal.  The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Trøym.  Hemsedal lies on the Norwegian National Road 52 (Rv 52). Hemsedal Municipality is located 220 km (136.70 mi) northwest of Oslo and 273 km (169.63 mi) from Bergen. In 1897, Hemsedal was separated from Gol Municipality to become a municipality of its own.