hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Conference of Badasht
The Conference of Badasht (Persian: گردهمایی بدشت) was an instrumental meeting of the leading Bábís in Iran during June–July 1848.

In June–July 1848 over a period of 3 weeks, a number of Bábí leaders met in the village of Badasht at a conference, organized in part and financed by Baháʼu'lláh, centered on Táhirih and Quddús, that set in motion the public existence and promulgation of the Bábí religion. Around eighty men and Táhirih attended the conference. The conference is considered by Bábís and Baháʼís as a signal moment that demonstrated that Islamic Sharia law had been abrogated and superseded by Bábí law, as well as a key demonstration of the thrust of raising the social position of women.

Battle of Fort Tabarsi
The Battle of Fort Ṭabarsí was a battle between the forces of the Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and the Bábís over a period of seven months: October 10, 1848 to May 10, 1849, at  the Shrine of Shaykh Tabarsí, in Afra, Iran. The commanding prince in charge of the government troops, unable to force the surrender of the followers of the Báb, resorted to a plan of betrayal to capture the remaining Bábís. The shrine is located in Mazandaran Province, Iran.
Furness line
The Furness line is a British railway between Barrow-in-Furness and Carnforth, where it joins the West Coast Main Line. It serves various towns along the Furness coast, including Barrow-in-Furness, Ulverston and Grange-over-Sands.

The line serves primarily passenger traffic, with regional rail services operated by Northern from Manchester Airport, Preston and Lancaster. The majority of services along the line terminate at Barrow-in-Furness, however some services continue along the Cumbrian Coast Line to Millom, Whitehaven and Carlisle.

The line also sees regular freight traffic serving the Port of Barrow and Sellafield. The line was designated a community rail partnership by the Department for Transport in 2012.

Lancaster railway station
Lancaster railway station (formerly Lancaster Castle) serves the city of Lancaster, in Lancashire, England. It is one of the principal stations on the West Coast Main Line, located 20 miles 78 chains (33.76 km) north of Preston.
Carmen Puliafito
Carmen Anthony Puliafito (born January 5, 1951) is an American ophthalmologist and former academic administrator. From 2007 until March 2016, he was dean of the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

In 2017, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Puliafito had engaged in parties with young recreational drug users and prostitutes, including at the Keck School's offices, and that Puliafito had smoked methamphetamine at these events.

USC Keck School of Medicine
The USC Keck School of Medicine is the medical school of the University of Southern California. The school teaches and trains physicians, biomedical scientists and other healthcare professionals, conducts medical research, and treats patients. Founded in 1885, it is the second oldest medical school in California after the UCSF School of Medicine.

It is located on the university's health sciences campus in northeastern Los Angeles which is adjacent to the Boyle Heights and Lincoln Heights neighborhoods.: 34  For the physician class of 2024, the average GPA was 3.8 and the average MCAT score was 517. In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked the school #28 in Best Medical Schools: Research, and tied for #52 in Best Medical Schools: Primary Care.
Proterra Catalyst
The Proterra Catalyst is a battery-electric low-floor transit bus that was built by Proterra from 2014 to 2020. The second generation of Proterra's battery-electric buses, it succeeded the earlier EcoRide as the company's flagship product.

Proterra EcoRide
The Proterra EcoRide BE35 is a 35 foot (11 m) (nominal length) fast-charge battery electric bus that seats 38 (including the driver) with a total passenger capacity of 60 in its composite low floor body. Foothill Transit was the first transit agency to operate the buses in revenue service, starting in September 2010. It is the first 30 ft (9 m) or larger, heavy-duty all-electric bus ever to complete federally required durability, reliability and safety testing at the Bus Research and Testing Center in Altoona, Pennsylvania. The 12yr/500,000 miles (800,000 km) STURAA test was completed on March 5, 2012.

The BE35's electric traction motor draws from lithium-titanate batteries supplied by Altairnano that can be recharged in 5–10 minutes while stopped at a bus stop via overhead terminals connected to a charging station, without driver involvement. The quick charging during a brief layover typically enables a further 26 miles (42 km) of operation.
Trad jazz
Trad jazz, short for "traditional jazz", is a form of jazz in the United States and Britain that flourished from the 1930s to 1960s, based on the earlier New Orleans Dixieland jazz style. Prominent English trad jazz musicians such as Chris Barber, Freddy Randall, Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball, Ken Colyer and Monty Sunshine performed a populist repertoire that also included jazz versions of pop songs and nursery rhymes.

Acker Bilk
Bernard Stanley "Acker" Bilk (28 January 1929 – 2 November 2014) was an English clarinetist and vocalist known for his breathy, vibrato-rich, lower-register style, and distinctive appearance – of goatee, bowler hat and striped waistcoat.

Bilk's 1961 instrumental tune "Stranger on the Shore" became the UK's biggest selling single of 1962, spending 55 weeks on the charts and reaching No. 1 in the NME singles chart and No. 2 in the Record Retailer chart. It was the second No. 1 single in the United States by a British artist. In Canada it was number 4 for 4 weeks before peaking at number 3.
Sarah Gordy
Sarah Gordy, MBE (born September 1976) is a British actress who has Down syndrome. She is best known for her roles as Katie Thorne in The A Word and Ralph & Katie, Orlando Quine in Strike: The Silkworm,  Lady Pamela Holland in the BBC TV series of Upstairs Downstairs, and Lucy Craddle in The Long Call. She has also acted in episodes of Call the Midwife, Holby City and Doctors. As well as these TV shows, she has acted in short films, radio dramas, commercials, and many theatre productions. In 2018 she was awarded an MBE for services to the arts and people with disabilities  and became the first person with Down syndrome to receive an honorary degree from a UK university, receiving it from the University of Nottingham.

Upstairs Downstairs (2010 TV series)
Upstairs Downstairs is a British drama series, broadcast on BBC One from 2010 to 2012, and produced by BBC Wales. Created and written by Heidi Thomas, it is a continuation of the London Weekend Television series of the same name, which ran from 1971 to 1975 on ITV.

The series resumes the story of 165 Eaton Place in 1936 London, six years after the original series concluded. Jean Marsh reprises her role as Rose Buck, who becomes housekeeper of the re-established household, with Ed Stoppard and Keeley Hawes playing its new owners Sir Hallam and Lady Agnes Holland. The first series, consisting of three episodes, was broadcast across consecutive nights during Christmas 2010. The second series consists of six episodes, first aired between 19 February 2012 and 25 March 2012. The series ends at the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939.
Ibrahim Zeid Keilani
Sheikh Ibrahim Zeid Keilani (1937 – 2 April 2013) was a Jordanian Muslim cleric and politician. He served as the minister of awqaf and Islamic affairs in 1990 and served as a member of Jordan's House of Representatives between 1993 and 1997. He was a member of the Islamic Action Front, the political wing of Jordan's Muslim Brotherhood, and served on the party's Sharia Ulema Committee. He was described as an Islamist.

Islamic Action Front
The Islamic Action Front (IAF; Arabic: جبهة العمل الإسلامي, romanized: Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islami) is an Islamist political party in Jordan. It was the political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan.

Founded in 1992 with 350 members, Ahmed Azaida, Ishaq Al-Farhan and Abdul Latif Arabiyat were the main force behind the formation.

In early 2025, Jordan banned and outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood due to members' links to a violent plot. The IAF's offices were searched and documents confiscated, but the party itself was not banned.
Fenchel–Moreau theorem
In convex analysis, the Fenchel–Moreau theorem (named after Werner Fenchel and Jean Jacques Moreau) or Fenchel biconjugation theorem (or just biconjugation theorem) is a theorem which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a function to be equal to its biconjugate.  This is in contrast to the general property that for any function .  This can be seen as a generalization of the bipolar theorem.  It is used in duality theory to prove strong duality (via the perturbation function).

Convex conjugate
In mathematics and mathematical optimization, the convex conjugate of a function is a generalization of the Legendre transformation which applies to non-convex functions. It is also known as Legendre–Fenchel transformation, Fenchel transformation, or Fenchel conjugate (after Adrien-Marie Legendre and Werner Fenchel).  The convex conjugate is widely used for constructing the dual problem in optimization theory, thus generalizing Lagrangian duality.
Tennessee State Route 312
State Route 312 (SR 312) is a secondary state route in Hamilton and Bradley counties in the US state of Tennessee that runs from Birchwood to Cleveland. The route runs east and west; however, much of the route in Hamilton County runs north and south.

Cleveland, Tennessee
Cleveland is the county seat of and the largest city in Bradley County, Tennessee. The population was 47,356 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Cleveland metropolitan area, Tennessee (consisting of Bradley and neighboring Polk County), which is included in the Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area.

Cleveland is the seventeenth-largest city in Tennessee and has the fifth-largest industrial economy, having thirteen Fortune 500 manufacturers.
St Sepulchre (parish)
St Sepulchre was an ancient parish which had its southern part within the boundaries of the City of London and its northern part outside. Its former area is now within the contemporary neighbourhoods of Smithfield, Farringdon and Clerkenwell.

This meant for civil uses (foremost of which are the charitable works led by its priest or its patron then from the Tudor reforms its vestry, then for some decades after secularist reforms, the waning system of civil parishes) it was divided into:

St Sepulchre without Newgate in the Farringdon Without Ward of the City of London

St Sepulchre Middlesex, a smaller zone, to the north, in Middlesex, from the modern boroughs' creation in 1965, part of the London Borough of Islington.

The ecclesiastical version today covers essentially the same land plus an extension to the south-east. It has one designated church, which is referred to as Holy Sepulchre London.

London Borough of Islington
The London Borough of Islington (/ˈɪzlɪŋtən/ ⓘ IZ-ling-tən) is a borough in North London, England. Forming part of Inner London, Islington has an estimated population of 215,667. It was formed in 1965, under the London Government Act 1963, by the amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Islington and Finsbury.

The new entity remains the second smallest borough in London and the third-smallest district in England. The borough contains two Westminster parliamentary constituencies; Islington North, represented by former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, and Islington South & Finsbury represented by Labour MP Emily Thornberry. The local authority is Islington Council. The borough is home to football club Arsenal, one of the Premier League clubs in England, and its home Emirates Stadium.
Geranium robertianum
Geranium robertianum, commonly known as herb-robert or, in North America, as Robert's geranium, is a species of cranesbill that is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere and introduced to some countries in the southern. It is common in woods, hedges, gardens, and on waste ground, and can also be found on shingle beaches and limestone pavements. It is not rare or threatened and in some places it is considered to be invasive.

Geranium
Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, with the greatest diversity in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region.

The palmately cleft leaves are broadly circular in form. The flowers have five petals and are coloured white, pink, purple, or blue, often with distinctive veining. Geraniums will grow in any soil as long as it is not waterlogged. Propagation is by semiripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or by division in autumn or spring.

Geraniums are eaten by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including brown-tail, ghost moth, and mouse moth. At least several species of Geranium are gynodioecious. The species Geranium viscosissimum (sticky geranium) is considered to be protocarnivorous.
Barry McDaniel
Barry McDaniel (October 18, 1930 – June 18, 2018) was an American operatic baritone who spent his career almost exclusively in Germany, including 37 years at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. He appeared internationally at major opera houses and festivals, and created roles in several new operas, including Henze's Der junge Lord, Nabokov's Love's Labour's Lost, and Reimann's Melusine. He was also a celebrated concert singer and recitalist, focused on German Lied and French mélodie. He was the first singer of Wilhelm Killmayer's song cycle Tre Canti di Leopardi. He recorded both operatic and concert repertory.

Tre Canti di Leopardi
Tre Canti di Leopardi (Three songs by Leopardi) is a series of three orchestral songs composed by Wilhelm Killmayer in 1965 for baritone and orchestra. He set three poems in Italian from the collection Canti by Giacomo Leopardi.
Rohrdamm (Berlin U-Bahn)
Rohrdamm is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7 in the Siemensstadt district.

Designed by architect Rümmler, the station was opened on 1 October 1980, as part of the line's extension from Richard-Wagner-Platz to Rohrdamm. Until the second extension of the line from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau in 1984, it was the western terminus of the U7. The name literally means "pipe dam"; as the eponymous street was laid out along a water pipe which gets its water from the Tegeler See and fills the water works in Jungfernheide, from which about 250,000 people get drinking water. The station's machine-like decoration, featuring cog-wheels and pipes, points to this. The adjacent stations are Paulsternstraße and Siemensdamm.

Siemensdamm (Berlin U-Bahn)
Siemensdamm is a station on the Berlin U-Bahn line U7, located in the Spandau district. It was opened on 1 October 1980 (designed by R.G.Rümmler) with the line's extension from Richard-Wagner-Platz to Rohrdamm. The station is named after an arterial street, which itself is named after Werner von Siemens. The company he founded, Siemens, has many facilities in the station's surroundings.

The station is constructed as a "Multi-Purpose Facility". It is prepared and partially stocked to be used as an NBC shelter.  It is specified to sustain 4,332 people for 14 days. The next station is Halemweg.
The Rugby Championship
The Rugby Championship, formerly known as the Tri Nations Series (1996–2011), is an international rugby union competition contested by Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. These are traditionally the four highest-ranked national teams in the Southern Hemisphere.

The competition is administered by SANZAAR, a consortium consisting of four national governing bodies: the South African Rugby Union (SARU), New Zealand Rugby (NZR), Rugby Australia (RA) and the Argentine Rugby Union (UAR). The inaugural Tri Nations Series tournament was in 1996, and was won by New Zealand. South Africa won their first title in 1998, and Australia their first in 2000. Following the last Tri Nations Series tournament in 2011, New Zealand had won ten championships, with South Africa and Australia on three titles each. The first Rugby Championship was won by New Zealand, who won all six of their matches.

Argentine Rugby Union
The Argentine Rugby Union (Spanish: Unión Argentina de Rugby, abbreviated "UAR") is the governing body for rugby union in Argentina. It is a member of World Rugby, with a seat on that body's Executive Council, and a founding member of Sudamérica Rugby.

The UAR organises all the national teams, including Senior (Pumas), U-20 (Pumitas), Argentina XV, Sevens and Women's squads and the franchise Jaguares that participated in SANZAAR's Super Rugby competition.
Trois-Rivières (federal electoral district)
Trois-Rivières (French: [tʁwɑ ʁivjɛʁ], Canadian French: [tʁwɔ ʁivjaɛ̯ʁ] ⓘ; formerly known as Three Rivers and Trois-Rivières Métropolitain) is an electoral district in Quebec, Canada that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1892 and from 1935 to the present.

It was created as "Three Rivers" riding by the British North America Act 1867. The electoral district was abolished in 1892 when it was merged into Three Rivers and St. Maurice riding.

The electoral district's English name changed in 1947 to "Trois-Rivières". The riding's name was changed again in 1972 to "Trois-Rivières Métropolitain". Trois-Rivières Métropolitain was abolished in 1976 when it was redistributed into a new "Trois-Rivières" riding and Champlain riding.

This riding lost territory to Saint-Maurice—Champlain and gained territory from Berthier—Maskinongé during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Berthier—Maskinongé
Berthier—Maskinongé (French pronunciation: [bɛʁtje maskinɔ̃ʒe]; formerly known as Berthier and Berthier—Maskinongé—Lanaudière) is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1953, from 1968 to 1988, and since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 103,516.
Cecilia Johansdotter
Cecilia Johansdotter (fl. 1193) is the possible name of the wife of King Knut Eriksson of Sweden and mother of King Erik Knutsson. Little is known about her except that she was of aristocratic origins and died sometime after 1193.

Knut Eriksson
Knut Eriksson (Old Norse: Knútr Eiríksson; born before 1150 – died 1195/96), also known as Canute I, was King of Sweden from 1173 until his death (rival king since 1167). He was a son of King Erik the Saint and Queen Christina, who was a granddaughter of the Swedish king Inge the Elder.
Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word flagellate also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several derivations of the term "flagellate" (such as "dinoflagellate" and "choanoflagellate") are more formally characterized.

Diplomonad
The diplomonads (Greek for "two units") are a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic. They include Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis in humans.  They are placed among the metamonads, and appear to be particularly close relatives of the retortamonads.
XL Ranch
The XL Ranch is an Indian reservation located in Modoc County, north of Burney, California.

It is home to the Hewisedawi band of the Pit River Tribe, a federally recognized tribe, which includes 9 bands of Achomawi Indians and 2 bands of Atsugewi Indians.

The XL Ranch is sometimes known as XL Rancheria, XL Ranch Indian Reservation, or X-L Ranch Reservation.

The reservation was established in 1938 and is 9,255 acres (3,745 ha).  Approximately 40 tribal members live on the reservation.

Pit River Tribe
The Pit River Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of eleven bands of Indigenous peoples of California. They primarily live along the Pit River in the northeast corner of California. Their name also is spelled as "Pitt River" in some historical records.
Connor Maloney
Connor Austin Maloney (born May 18, 1995) is an American former soccer player who played as a full-back. His senior career includes stints with four different American clubs and experience in Major League Soccer. Playing collegiately at Penn State, Maloney was the 2014 Big Ten Offensive Player of the Year.

A native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Maloney graduated from Bishop McDevitt High School, where he was a two-sport athlete and set multiple school and state records. He played collegiately at Pennsylvania State University, where he was a two-time captain for the Nittany Lions and a three-time All-Big Ten First Team honoree. Maloney was drafted in the 2017 MLS SuperDraft by Columbus Crew. He played his first three professional seasons as a backup in Columbus, spending time on loan during two of those years with Pittsburgh Riverhounds. Maloney signed for USL Championship club San Antonio FC in 2020.

Bishop McDevitt High School (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)
Bishop McDevitt High School is a private, Roman Catholic, co-educational high school in Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1918 as "Catholic High School" in Harrisburg and renamed in 1957 to honor the memory of the Most Reverend Philip R. McDevitt, fourth bishop of Harrisburg and founder of the school.

It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Harrisburg.
Gmina Bielice
Gmina Bielice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Bielice, which lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) north-west of Pyrzyce and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The gmina covers an area of 84.12 square kilometres (32.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 2,930.

Bielice, Pyrzyce County
Bielice [bjɛˈlit͡sɛ] (German: Beelitz) is a village in Pyrzyce County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Bielice. It lies approximately 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Pyrzyce and 26 km (16 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

The village has a population of 560.
Players (1979 film)
Players is a 1979 American romance drama film directed by Anthony Harvey and starring Ali MacGraw and Dean Paul Martin about a young tennis player who has an affair with an older woman.

The film became known as a "disaster".

Dean Paul Martin
Dean Paul Martin Jr. (born Dino Paul Crocetti Jr.; November 17, 1951 – March 21, 1987) was an American pop singer and film and television actor. A member of the California Air National Guard, Martin died in a crash during a military training flight. He was the son of entertainer Dean Martin.
Sputnik Monthly Digest
Sputnik Monthly Digest (1967–1991), "a monthly digest of the best of current Soviet writing", was the flagship English publication of the Soviet-era Novosti Press Agency. It was the English language edition of Sputnik (Russian: Спутник).

The Summer issue (June, July, August) of 1971 published Mikhail Sagatelyan's theory of the John F. Kennedy assassination as a right-wing conspiracy to prolong the Cold War.

Sputnik (magazine)
Sputnik (Russian: Спутник) was a Soviet magazine published from 1967 until 1991 by the Soviet press agency Novosti in several languages, targeted at both Eastern Bloc countries and Western nations. It was intended to be a Soviet equivalent to Reader's Digest, publishing news stories excerpted from the Soviet press in a similar size and paper.

Although already censored by the Soviet government, Sputnik was at times censored by the governments of countries at odds with the Kremlin as the magazine's editors were replaced with pro-Reform editors during glasnost, the most noted examples being East Germany in November 1988 and Cuba in 1989.