hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (/ˈpɛtrɑːrk, ˈpiːt-/; 20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Latin: Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Italian: Francesco Petrarca [franˈtʃesko peˈtrarka]), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance, as well as one of the earliest humanists.

Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited with initiating the 14th-century Italian Renaissance and the founding of Renaissance humanism. In the 16th century, Pietro Bembo created the model for the modern Italian language based on Petrarch's works, as well as those of Giovanni Boccaccio, and, to a lesser extent, Dante Alighieri. Petrarch was later endorsed as a model for Italian style by the Accademia della Crusca.

Petrarch's sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry. He is also known for being the first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages".

Incisa in Val d'Arno
Incisa in Val d'Arno is a frazione of the  comune (municipality) of Figline e Incisa Valdarno, in the Metropolitan City of Florence, Tuscany, central Italy, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Florence. It was a separate comune until 1 January 2014.

The church of St. Alexander houses a fragmentary triptych by Andrea di Giusto. The Renaissance poet Petrarch grew up in Incisa, although he was born in Arezzo.
Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust
The Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust (AETT) is an Australian theatre and performing arts company based in Sydney established in 1954. It is today especially known for its music scholarship program.

H. C. Coombs
Herbert Cole "Nugget" Coombs (24 February 1906 – 29 October 1997) was an Australian economist and public servant. He was the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, in which capacity he served from 1960 to 1968.  He is noted for his contributions to the arts, environment, and Indigenous justice movement.
Manukau Institute of Technology
Established in 1970, Manukau Institute of Technology (MIT) (Māori: Te Whare Takiura o Manukau) is a Category One Institute of technology in Auckland, New Zealand. MIT is one of the largest providers of technical, vocational and professional education in New Zealand, and has over 14,000 enrolled students.

Manukau
Manukau (/ˈmɑːnʊˌkaʊ/), or Manukau Central, is a suburb of  South Auckland, New Zealand. Centred on the Manukau City Centre business district, it is located 23 kilometres south of the Auckland Central Business District. Manukau is situated south of Papatoetoe, south-west of Flat Bush, and north of Manurewa and Wiri.

Manukau's name originates from the Manukau Harbour and means "only birds" ("manu kau") in Māori. Prior to the suburb, the name Manukau was given to the much larger districts Manukau County (1876–1965) and Manukau City (1965–2010).

The headquarters of Manukau City Council were in Manukau Central until the council was merged into Auckland Council in November 2010. Manukau Central should not be confused with Manukau City, which was the entire area administered by the city council.
Permanently shadowed crater
A permanently shadowed crater  is a depression on a body in the Solar System within which lies a point that is always in darkness. As of 2019, there are 324 known permanently shadowed regions on the Moon. Such regions also exist on Mercury and Ceres.

Shackleton (crater)
Shackleton is an impact crater that lies at the lunar south pole. The peaks along the crater's rim are exposed to almost continual sunlight, while the interior is perpetually in shadow. The low-temperature interior of this crater functions as a cold trap that may capture and freeze volatiles shed during comet impacts on the Moon. Measurements by the Lunar Prospector spacecraft showed higher than normal amounts of hydrogen within the crater, which may indicate the presence of water ice. The crater is named after Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton.
Midwinter Day
Midwinter Day, or Midwinter, is an annual celebration held across Antarctica on the day of the southern winter solstice (June 20 or 21). It is the continent's primary cultural holiday and, along with Antarctica Day, is one of two principal Antarctic holidays. It is a celebration for personnel overwintering at Antarctic research stations, although some people off the continent observe it as well.

Antarctica Day
Antarctica Day is an international holiday recognizing the anniversary of the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959. It is celebrated on December 1 each year. Along with Midwinter Day, it is one of Antarctica's two principal holidays.
Battle of Decimomannu
The Battle of Decimomannu, Battle of Cornus or Battle of Caralis was fought 215 BC on the island of Sardinia when a Carthaginian army sailed to the island to support a local revolt against Roman rule. The army, led by Hasdrubal the Bald, fought a Roman army of similar size under the praetor Titus Manlius Torquatus in the Fall of 215 BC somewhere between Sestu and Decimomannu, just north of Caralis. The Romans destroyed the Carthaginian army and then scattered their fleet in a sea battle south of Sardinia.

Hasdrubal the Bald
Hasdrubal the Bald (Latin: Hasdrubal Calvus; Punic: 𐤏𐤆𐤓‬𐤁‬𐤏𐤋‬, ʿAzrubaʿal, "Help of Baal") was a Carthaginian general in the Second Punic War. In 215 BCE, Hasdrubal was sent by Carthage to take the restive Roman territory of Sardinia, but his fleet was wrecked en route in a storm off the Balearic Islands. By the time he regrouped and arrived, Manlius Torquatus had largely pacified the territory, defeating Hiostus, son of the Sardinian leader Hampsicora, and was well-prepared against Hasdrubal's arrival. Manlius handily defeated the combined Carthaginian and Sardinian forces in the Battle of Decimomannu, in which Hasdrubal the Bald was captured.
Río Pilcomayo National Park
The Río Pilcomayo National Park (Spanish: Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo) is a national park located in the northeastern part of the Argentine province of Formosa, on the border with Paraguay. Established on September 29, 1951 to protect the natural features (grasslands, marshes, creeks, lakes and forests), typical of the Humid Chaco ecoregion, the park is included in the Ramsar Convention's list of wetlands of international importance.

Humid Chaco
The Humid Chaco (Spanish: Chaco Húmedo or Chaco Oriental) is a tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion in South America. It lies in the basin of the Paraná River, covering portions of central Paraguay and northern Argentina, and with a small portion of southwestern Brazil and northwestern Uruguay. The natural vegetation is a mosaic of grasslands, palm savanna, and forest.
Escondido Freeway
The Escondido Freeway is one of the named principal Southern California freeways. It consists of the following segments:

California State Route 15, from Interstate 5 southeast of downtown San Diego and Interstate 8 in San Diego

Interstate 15, from Interstate 8 in San Diego to Interstate 215 in Murrieta

Interstate 215, from Interstate 15 in Murrieta to California State Route 60 east of Riverside

Southern California freeways
A vast network of interconnected freeways in the megaregion of Southern California serves a population of over 23 million people. The Master Plan of Metropolitan Los Angeles Freeways was adopted by the Regional Planning Commission in 1947 and construction began in the early 1950s. The plan hit opposition and funding limitations in the 1970s, and by 2004, only some 61% of the original planned network had been completed.
Superman/Batman: Apocalypse
Superman/Batman: Apocalypse is a 2010 American animated superhero film based on the Superman/Batman comic book storyline "The Supergirl from Krypton" and is a standalone sequel to Superman/Batman: Public Enemies. The art style is partly based on that of Michael Turner, who penciled the Superman/Batman comic book arc. Directed by Lauren Montgomery. it is the ninth film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. The film stars Andre Braugher, Kevin Conroy, Tim Daly, and Summer Glau. Despite the title, the film focuses primarily on Supergirl and Superman, with Batman playing a supporting role.

The film was released on September 28, 2010, by Warner Premiere and Warner Bros. Animation. The two-disc special edition and Blu-ray also includes an animated short featuring Green Arrow.

Harbinger (DC Comics)
The Harbinger (Captain Lyla Michaels) is a superheroine appearing in publications by DC Comics. She had a supporting role in the Crisis on Infinite Earths storyline, where she gathered heroes to protect the multiverse from the Anti-Monitor.

The character appeared as a recurring character in The CW television series Arrow and The Flash television series, portrayed by Audrey Marie Anderson.
Frank Meisler
Frank Meisler (Hebrew: פרנק מייזלר; 30 December 1925 – 24 March 2018) was an Israeli architect and sculptor. Meisler was born in the Free City of Danzig and grew up in England, before moving to Israel in 1956. In 1953 he married Batya (Phillis) Hochman with whom he had two daughters: Michal Meisler Yehuda and Marit Meisler. He died in Jaffa in 2018.

Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast
Yantarny (Russian: Янта́рныйⓘ; German: Palmnickenⓘ; Polish: Palmniki; Lithuanian: Palvininkai) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Sambian Peninsula, about 40 kilometers (25 mi) from Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:  5,524 (2010 census); 5,455 (2002 census); 4,948 (1989 Soviet census).
Fernando d'Ávalos
Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos d'Aquino, 5th Marquess of Pescara (in Italian Ferrante Francesco d'Ávalos), (11 November 1489 – 3 December 1525), was an Italian (Neapolitan) military leader and nobleman of Spanish (Aragonese) origin. He was an important captain in the service of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire during the Italian Wars.

In the Battle of Ravenna in 1512, he was taken prisoner by the French but was released at the conclusion of the War of the League of Cambrai, after which he became a chief commander of the Habsburg armies of Charles V in Italy during the Habsburg-Valois Wars. He was instrumental to the victories over the French at Bicocca and Pavia thanks to his ordered usage of arquebusiers. He is proposed as an early innovator of volley fire in early modern warfare, setting the base for the European reforms of the 16th century.

Vittoria Colonna
Vittoria Colonna (April 1492 – 25 February 1547), Marchioness of Pescara, was an Italian noblewoman and poet. As an educated and married noblewoman whose husband was in captivity, Colonna was able to develop relationships within the intellectual circles of Ischia and Naples. Her early poetry began to attract attention in the late 1510s and she ultimately became one of the most popular poets of 16th-century Italy.  Upon the early death of her husband, she took refuge at a convent in Rome. She remained a laywoman but experienced a strong spiritual renewal and remained devoutly religious for the rest of her life.
Takakkaw Falls
Takakkaw Falls (/ˈtækəkɔː/; also spelled Takkakaw) is a waterfall in Yoho National Park, near Field, British Columbia, in Canada. The falls have a total height of 373 metres (1,224 ft), making them the second tallest waterfall in Canada. The main drop of the waterfall has a height of 254 metres (833 ft).

Takakkaw means "it is magnificent” in the Cree language. Despite the name's Cree origin, indigenous people did not give the falls this name, and the Cree people did not historically inhabit this area. Rather, it was suggested as a name by Sir William Cornelius Van Horne, the head of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and officially adopted in 1904.

The falls are fed by the meltwater of the Daly Glacier, which is part of the Waputik Icefield. The glacier keeps the volume of the falls up during the warm summer months, and they are a tourist attraction, particularly in late spring after the heavy snow melts, when the falls are at peak condition.

Waputik Icefield
The Waputik Icefield is on the Continental divide in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta. It is developed on the heights of the Waputik Range in the Central Main Ranges.

The icefield is shared by Banff and Yoho National Parks, and numerous outlet glaciers extend from the icefield. Runoff from the Waputik Icefield provides water for numerous lakes, streams and rivers including Hector Lake, and the Bow, Kicking Horse and Yoho Rivers.  Runoff from the Daly Glacier feeds Takakkaw Falls.

The icefield encompasses 40 km2 (15 sq mi) and is 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Lake Louise, on the west side of the Icefields Parkway.

The icefield is easily accessible by mountaineers in both the summer and winter.  Both ski trips in the winter and glacier hiking trips in the summer often combine a traverse of this icefield with a trip across the Wapta Icefield directly to the north.
895 Naval Air Squadron
895 Naval Air Squadron (895 NAS), sometimes 895 Squadron, was a Fleet Air Arm (FAA) naval air squadron of the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy (RN). It was last active during 1956 where it flew Hawker Sea Hawk.

It was established at HMS Blackcap, RNAS Stretton, as a fighter squadron in November 1942. It started with Hawker Sea Hurricane, which were later replaced with Supermarine Seafire. The squadron was disbanded at RAF Turnhouse in June 1943, and provided fighter flights for 816 and 842 Naval Air Squadrons.

In April 1956, it reformed at HMS Goldcrest, RNAS Brawdy and in August embarked in HMS Bulwark. In November, it participated in the Suez campaign, primarily carrying out attacks on Egyptian airfields. The squadron disembarked at HMS Daedalus, RNAS Lee-on-Solent, in December and was disbanded.

RAF Brawdy
Royal Air Force Brawdy, or more simply RAF Brawdy, is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located 6.3 miles (10.1 km) east of St Davids, Pembrokeshire and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) south west of Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It was operational between 1944 and 1992; it was used by the Royal Air Force (1944–1946 and 1971–1992) and the Royal Navy (1946–1971), before the site was turned over to the British Army and renamed Cawdor Barracks.

The village of Brawdy is adjacent to the south-east of the airfield, which lies one mile inland from the north-east shores of St. Bride's Bay and seven miles east south east of St David's Head. Haverfordwest lies seven miles (11 km) south-east. Notable landmarks are St. David's peninsula, with the city of St. Davids and its cathedral, along with Ramsey Island.
Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs
Snipers: Love under the Crosshairs (Russian: Снайперы: Любовь под прицелом, romanized: Snaypery: Lyubov pod pritselom) is a 2012 Russian 8-episode war-drama miniseries directed by Zinovy Roizman. The series is about a young male and female sniper who are on opposing sides during the WWII. The series aired on Channel One Russia.

Wolfgang Cerny
Wolfgang Cerny (born 31 August 1984) is an Austrian actor and producer, best known for his roles in the German soap opera Storm of Love (2009–2010), Russian action movies The Red Ghost (2021) and Nuremberg (2023) and one episode of the Netflix-Series Vikings: Valhalla.
Gaius Musonius Rufus
Gaius Musonius Rufus (/ˈruːfəs/; Ancient Greek: Μουσώνιος Ῥοῦφος) was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD. He taught philosophy in Rome during the reign of Nero and so was sent into exile in 65 AD, returning to Rome only under Galba. He was allowed to stay in Rome when Vespasian banished all other philosophers from the city in 71 AD although he was eventually banished anyway, returning only after Vespasian's death. A collection of extracts from his lectures still survives. He is also remembered for being the teacher of Epictetus and Dio Chrysostom.

Dio Chrysostom
Dio Chrysostom (/ˈdiːoʊ ˈkrɪsəstəm, krɪˈsɒstəm/; Ancient Greek: Δίων Χρυσόστομος Dion Chrysostomos), Dio of Prusa or Cocceianus Dio (c. 40 – c. 115 AD), was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD.  Eighty of his Discourses (or Orations; Λόγοι) are extant, as well as a few letters, a mock essay Encomium on Hair, and a few other fragments. His sobriquet Chrysostom comes from the Greek chrysostomos, which literally means "golden-mouthed".
Porter Brook
The Porter Brook is a river which flows through the City of Sheffield, England, descending over 1,000 feet (300 m) from its source on Burbage Moor to the west of the city to its mouth where it joins the River Sheaf in a culvert beneath Sheffield railway station. Like the other rivers in Sheffield, its steep gradient made it ideal for powering water mills and works associated with the metalworking and cutlery industries, and around 20 dams were constructed over the centuries to facilitate this. At its lower end, it is extensively culverted, but parts of it are gradually being restored to open channels, as part of a daylighting scheme for the city.

The brook derives its name from its brownish colour, similar to the colour of Porter beer.

Forge Dam Park
53°21′40″N 1°32′31″W﻿ / ﻿53.361°N 1.542°W﻿ / 53.361; -1.542

Forge Dam Park is a park in Fulwood, in the city of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. Forge Dam Park is the fourth of the Grade II listed Porter Valley Parks, a connected series of parks (when travelling west from Sheffield city centre) along the course of the Porter Brook. The 49 acres (20 ha) park is on the site of the Old Mayhouse Farm and Forge Dam. It was acquired by the J G Graves Charitable Trust in 1938.
Urban Fare
Urban Fare is a supermarket chain located in British Columbia. It is a subsidiary of the Overwaitea Food Group, which, in turn, is owned by the Vancouver-based Jim Pattison Group. The chain has five locations, three located in downtown Vancouver, one at the UBC Point Grey campus, and one in Kelowna. It is part of the 'More Rewards' rewards card program as also featured at other stores in the chain such as Save-On-Foods.

Urban Fare is primarily upmarket, with a focus on high-end, gourmet, organic and imported foods. In addition to selling food, most locations also have an in-store restaurant and coffee bar. Most of the stores also feature a florist, pharmacy and wide selection of prepackaged "grab and go" meals.

Jim Pattison Group
The Jim Pattison Group is a Canadian conglomerate based in Vancouver. Jim Pattison, a Vancouver-based entrepreneur, is the chairman, CEO, and sole owner of the company. The Jim Pattison Group, Canada's second largest privately held company, has more than 45,000 employees worldwide, and annual sales of $10.1 billion based on investments in Canada, the U.S., Mexico, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Group is active in 25 divisions, according to Forbes, including packaging, food, forestry products.

In early 2022, the 93-year-old Pattison was still working full-time. According to Forbes, his net worth then was $5.7 billion, having increased substantially from the $2.1 billion reported in March 2009. In September 2020, a news item stated that "Jim Pattison Group Inc. had $10.9 billion in revenue and employed 48,000 people".
2014 Algerian Air Force C-130 crash
On 11 February 2014, a C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft of the Algerian Air Force, carrying 74 passengers and 4 crew members, crashed into Djebel Fertas mountain near Aïn Kercha, Algeria. Only one person survived.

Preliminary reports suggest that bad weather conditions might have caused the crash. The accident is under investigation.

This was the largest crash in the country since the 2003 Air Algérie Flight 6289, in which 103 people died.

Algerian Air Force
The Algerian Air Force  (Arabic: القُوَّاتُ الجَوِّيَّةُ الجَزَائِرِيَّةُ, French: Forces aériennes algériennes) is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's National Army.

Its history begins with the creation by Saïd Aït Messaoudène, during the war of independence, of a first nucleus of air force with the training of Algerian pilots and personnel from friendly countries. This nucleus officially gave birth in 1962, the day after independence, to the Algerian Air Force.

Major General Mahmoud Laraba was appointed Commander of the Air Force in July 2020, succeeding Major General Hamid Boumaïza. On February 23, 2025, Major General Zoubir Ghouila took office as Commander of the Air Force, replacing Mahmoud Laraba.
Wishram, Washington
Wishram is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Klickitat County, Washington, United States. The population was 366 at the 2020 census. The site of the historic Celilo Falls is nearby.

The community was originally named "Fallbridge"; it was changed to "Wishram" to honor the Wishram tribe of Native Americans. The Dalles Dam, 9 miles (14 km) downstream on the Columbia River, was completed in 1957, and began filling Lake Celilo.  The original fishing village near this location was inundated.

Klickitat County, Washington
Klickitat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,735. The county seat and largest city is Goldendale. The county is named after the Klickitat tribe and contains part of the Yakama Indian Reservation.
Kangaslampi
Kangaslampi is a former municipality of Finland. It was consolidated to Varkaus on 1 January 2005.

It is located in the former province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Savo region. The municipality had a population of 1,611 (31 December 2004) and covered an area of 412.93 km2 of which 114.12 km2 is water. The population density was 5.38 inhabitants per km2.

The municipality was unilingually Finnish.

Varkaus
Varkaus, before 1929 known as Warkaus, is a Middle-Savonian industrial town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the former province of Eastern Finland and is part of the North Savo region, between the city of Kuopio and the town of Savonlinna.

The municipality has a population of 19,603 (30 June 2025) and covers an area of 524.48 square kilometres (202.50 sq mi) of which 138.45 km2 (53.46 sq mi) is water. The population density is 50.84 inhabitants per square kilometre (131.7/sq mi).

The municipality is unilingually Finnish. In old Finnish 'Varkaus' meant strait, and this city is located in the lake district on straits between two parts of Lake Saimaa. An extension of the Saimaa Canal passes through the town.
Gabriel Wikström
Per Johan Gabriel Wikström (born 21 February 1985) is a Swedish politician of the Social Democrats. He served as Minister for Public Health, Healthcare and Sports in the Swedish Government from 2014 to 2017. On 5 May 2017, Wikström announced he would be on sick leave due to symptoms related to burnout. Annika Strandhäll served acting Minister for Public Health, Healthcare and Sports during his sick leave, and on 27 July 2017 he resigned from his position.

Annika Strandhäll
Annika Strandhäll (born 30 April 1975) is a Swedish trade unionist and politician of the Social Democrats. She served as Minister for Climate and the Environment from 2021 to 2022. She also served as Minister for Social Security from 2014 until her resignation in 2019, following her partner's death a month earlier. She previously held the office of Minister for Social Affairs from 2017 to 2019. and acting Minister for Public Health, Healthcare and Sports, during Gabriel Wikström's sick leave, from May to July 2017.
Moshe Sherer
Rabbi Moshe Sherer (June 18, 1921 – May 17, 1998) was co-Chairman of the Agudath Israel World Organization from 1980, and the Chairman of Agudath Israel of America from the 1960s, until his death in 1998.

Agudath Israel of America
Agudath Israel of America (Hebrew: אגודת ישראל באמריקה; also called the Agudah) is an American organization that represents Haredi Orthodox Jews. It is loosely affiliated with the international World Agudath Israel. Agudah seeks to meet the needs of the Haredi community, advocates for its religious and civil rights, and services its constituents through charitable, educational, and social service projects across North America.