hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Desert City
Desert City is a plant nursery and botanical garden in San Sebastián de los Reyes, near Madrid, Spain, that cultivates and sells xerophytic plants, including cacti, succulents and native plants from the Mediterranean region. It is Europe's largest cactus garden. Desert City was founded by Jacobo García-Germán, an architect, and Mercedes García, a former pharmaceuticals executive.

Cactus garden
A cactarium or cactuario (from Latin, cactarium) is a garden dedicated to the planting of cacti. While they generally specialize in collecting cacti, they can also include other desert plants such as sabla, agaves or Crassulaceae, although this would better be termed "xeriscaping".

Cacti are succulent plants native to the American continent, typical of arid environments. They require dry conditions and therefore, in many countries, the collections are kept in greenhouses that protect from rain. Due to their low need for water, they are a sustainable landscaping option.

Cactariums also tend to host plants from other botanical families, native to the desert regions of the world.
Conway chained arrow notation
Conway chained arrow notation, created by mathematician John Horton Conway, is a means of expressing certain extremely large numbers. It is simply a finite sequence of positive integers separated by rightward arrows, e.g. .

As with most combinatorial notations, the definition is recursive. In this case the notation eventually resolves to being the leftmost number raised to some (usually enormous) integer power.

John Horton Conway
John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician. He was active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career. On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.
John Phair
John Percy Phair (1 November 1876 – 28 December 1967) was a 20th-century Anglican bishop.

John Percy Phair was born in Roscommon, the son of a farmer Peter Phair and Martha Phair, of Ram Park, Castlerea, County Roscommon. He had younger brothers Edgar and Casper.

Educated at Trinity College Dublin, Phair was ordained in 1900. He held curacies in Conwal, Church Hill, County Donegal and Monkstown, Dublin and incumbencies in St Catherine's, Thomas Street, Dublin and Christ Church Leeson Park. He was Rural Dean of Rathdowney and then Dean of Ossory (1923–1940)  before becoming Bishop of Ossory, Ferns and Leighlin in 1940. He retired in 1961; and died on 28 December 1967.

Phair married Alice Maude Banks (1883–1945) from Belfast. They had several children: Kenneth Meade Phair, Sheila Maude Phair, and Rev. Edgar Nevill Phair. Following the death of his first wife, Phair married Pauline Beryl Eustace (1906–90) from Hillside Farm, Hampstead, Glasnevin, on 30 July 1958.

Christianity portal

Dean of Ossory
The Dean of Ossory or Dean of Kilkenny is based at The Cathedral Church of St Canice, Kilkenny in the united Diocese of Cashel and Ossory within the Church of Ireland.

The current dean is the Very Reverend Stephen Farrell, formerly Rector of Zion parish, Rathgar, Dublin, and provincial and diocesan registrar for the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
'Pataphysics
'Pataphysics (French: 'pataphysique) is a sardonic "philosophy of science" invented by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873–1907) intended to be a parody of science. Difficult to be simply defined or pinned down, it has been described as the "science of imaginary solutions".

Andrew Hugill
Andrew Hugill (born 1957) is a British composer, writer and academic. He is both a professor of music and a professor of creative computing. He directs the Creative Computing programme at University of Leicester.
Unga, Alaska
55°11′03″N 160°30′18″W﻿ / ﻿55.18417°N 160.50500°W﻿ / 55.18417; -160.50500
Unga (Unangam tunuu: Uĝnaasaqax̂) is a ghost town on Unga Island in the Aleutians East Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska, about two miles west of Sand Point.  The island's length is 15 miles (24 km).  Unga's altitude is 59 feet (18 m).

Unga Island
Unga Island (Uĝnaasaqax̂ in Aleut) is the largest of the Shumagin Islands off the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska, United States. The island has a land area of 170.73 sq mi (442.188 km2), making it the 36th largest island in the United States.  As of the 2000 census, it had a permanent population of one.

Unga Island was formerly named Grekodelarovskoe (Greek Delarov) for Greek explorer Evstratii Ivanovich Delarov  Greek: (Ευστράτιος Ντελάρωφ) who explored the area in the late 18th century on behalf of the Russian-American Company.

In 1968, Unga Island, was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.
Coronations in Norway
Coronations were held in Norway from 1164 to 1906, mostly in the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim.  Although a crowning ceremony was formerly mandated by the nation's constitution, this requirement was eliminated in 1908.  However, Norwegian kings have since chosen voluntarily to take part in a ritual of "benediction" to mark their accession to the throne, during which the crown is present, but not physically bestowed upon the sovereign.  The new ceremony retains some of the religious elements of earlier rites, while eliminating other features now considered to be "undemocratic". There is no law preventing a coronation from occurring so any future monarch of Norway can choose to have one.

Christ Church, Bergen
Christ Church  on Holmen (Kristkirken på Holmen i Bergen) was the main medieval era cathedral of Bergen, Norway. Its site was near Haakon's hall (Håkonshallen) and Bergenhus Fortress (Bergenhus festning).
Compact-open topology
In mathematics, the compact-open topology is a topology defined on the set of continuous maps between two topological spaces. The compact-open topology is one of the commonly used topologies on function spaces, and is applied in homotopy theory and functional analysis.  It was introduced by Ralph Fox in 1945.

If the codomain of the functions under consideration has a uniform structure or a metric structure then the compact-open topology is the "topology of uniform convergence on compact sets." That is to say, a sequence of functions converges in the compact-open topology precisely when it converges uniformly on every compact subset of the domain.

Function space
In mathematics, a function space is a set of functions between two fixed sets. Often, the domain and/or codomain will have additional structure which is inherited by the function space. For example, the set of functions from any set X into a vector space has a natural vector space structure given by pointwise addition and scalar multiplication. In other scenarios, the function space might inherit a topological or metric structure, hence the name function space. Often in mathematical jargon, especially in analysis or geometry, a function could refer to a map of the form  or  where  is the space in question. Whilst other maps of the form  between any two spaces are simply referred to as maps. Example of this can be the space of compactly supported functions on a topological space. However in a larger context a function space could just consist of a set of functions (set theoretically) equipped with possibly some extra structure.
National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra
29°56′57″N 76°49′02″E﻿ / ﻿29.94906°N 76.817254°E﻿ / 29.94906; 76.817254

National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra (NIT Kurukshetra or NITKKR) is a public technical and research university located in Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. In December 2008, it was accredited with the status of Institute of National Importance (INI). It is one of the 31 National Institutes of Technology established and administered by Government of India. It runs undergraduate and postgraduate in programme Engineering and Doctor of Philosophy programme in Engineering, Sciences and Humanities.

Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra (Hindi: kurukṣetra, pronounced [kʊrʊkʃeːtɾə]ⓘ) is a historical region in India, also known as Dharmakshetra ("Realm of duty") and as the "Land of the Bhagavad Gita." It also refers to the city Kurukshetra, situated in the area and administrative headquarters of Kurukshetra district in the Indian state of Haryana.
Laophonte
In Greek mythology, Laophonte (Ancient Greek: Λαοφόντη) was the daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe and thus sister to Agenor, Sterope and Stratonice. She was also said to be the mother of Iphiclus, Leda and Althaea by Thestius but Alcman attested that Leda's father was Glaucus.

Leda (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Leda (/ˈliːdə, ˈleɪ-/; Ancient Greek: Λήδα [lɛ́ːdaː]), also rendered Lede, was an Aetolian princess who became queen consort of Sparta through her marriage to King Tyndareus. Zeus fell in love with Leda, and to avoid his wife Hera's jealousy, seduced her while disguised as a swan. Leda was named as the mother of four famous children in Greek mythology: Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra, and the twins Castor and Pollux. Leda and the Swan was a popular motif in the visual arts, particularly during the Renaissance.
Serous gland
Serous glands secrete serous fluid. They contain serous acini, a grouping of serous cells that secrete serous fluid, isotonic with blood plasma, that contains enzymes such as alpha-amylase.

Serous glands are most common in the parotid gland and lacrimal gland but are also present in the submandibular gland and, to a far lesser extent, the sublingual gland.

Serous fluid
In physiology, serous fluid or serosal fluid (originating from the Medieval Latin word serosus, from Latin serum) is any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow or transparent and of a benign nature. The fluid fills the inside of body cavities. Serous fluid originates from serous glands, with secretions enriched with proteins and water. Serous fluid may also originate from mixed glands, which contain both mucous and serous cells. A common trait of serous fluids is their role in assisting digestion, excretion, and respiration.

In medical fields, especially cytopathology, serous fluid is a synonym for effusion fluids from various body cavities. Examples of effusion fluid are pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. There are many causes of effusions which include involvement of the cavity by cancer. Cancer in a serous cavity is called a serous carcinoma. Cytopathology evaluation is recommended to evaluate the causes of effusions in these cavities.
Cryptoblabes bistriga
Cryptoblabes bistriga is a species of snout moth in the genus Cryptoblabes. It was described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1811. It is found in most of Europe, except Portugal, parts of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine.

The wingspan is 18–20 mm.The forewings are fuscous, the veins broadly suffused with fuscous-reddish; lines whitish, first at 4, rather thick, straight, second very near termen, serrate; discal 
dots obscurely indicated; a whitish terminal suffusion. Hindwings light fuscous. Larva pale brown, darker-freckled; dorsal line darker; subdorsal and lateral blackish-brown; spiracular ochreous-whitish, 
double; a brown black-centred lateral spot on 3 and 12; head light brown: in folded leaves of oak and alder; 9, 10.

They are on wing from late June to July.

The larvae feed on the leaves of various trees, including Quercus, Alnus and Myrica species. They feed from within a folded leaf.

Cryptoblabes
Cryptoblabes is a genus of small moths belonging to the snout moth family (Pyralidae). They are the type genus of the Cryptoblabini tribe of the huge snout moth subfamily Phycitinae. At least one representative of this genus nowadays occurs in many parts of the world, though this is the result of accidental introductions by humans; most species of Cryptoblabes are fairly restricted in range.

Cryptoblabes species can be hard to tell apart from related moths in the field. The lack of forewing vein 7 but no other (though veins 4 and 5 may appear as one proximally) is characteristic at least in some species. The caterpillars are found on a wide range of flowering plants where they eat living overground parts (and sometimes dead leaves); some are highly polyphagous and may occasionally become pests on such diverse crops as Citrus, mango (Mangifera indica), apple guava (Psidium guajava), Tamarindus and common wheat (Triticum aestivum).
William Lane (died 1618)
William Lane (c. 1553 – 12 May 1618) was an English politician. He was the eldest son of Robert Lane and Katherine Copley.

Lane took part in the blockade of Western Cuba in June and July 1591 as captain of the 120-ton Centaur, an expedition financed by John Watts. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Gatton in 1593 and for Northamptonshire in 1601 in the seat previously held by his father.

John Watts (merchant)
Sir John Watts (c. 1554–1616) was an English merchant, Alderman and shipowner. He is also one of the founders of the East India Company, active in the Virginia Company and was Lord Mayor of London in 1606. He is best known for organising joint stock expeditions to the Spanish main which were highly successful during England's long war with Spain.
KDMS
KDMS (1290 AM) is a radio station licensed to El Dorado, Arkansas, United States, and serving the El Dorado area. The station is currently owned by Noalmark Broadcasting Corporation. Now sharing the site where KELD 1400kHz has its tower. Studios remain at West Hillsboro Street.

El Dorado, Arkansas
El Dorado (locally /ɛl dʌˈreɪdoʊ/ el durr-AY-doh) is a city in and the county seat of Union County, on the southern border of Arkansas, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of the city is 17,755.

El Dorado is headquarters of the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission as well as Murphy USA, Deltic Timber Corporation and a DelekUS oil refinery. The city has a downtown arts district, the Murphy Arts District (MAD); a community college, South Arkansas College (SouthArk); and a multi-cultural arts center, South Arkansas Arts Center (SAAC). El Dorado is the population, cultural and business center of south central Arkansas.

The city was the heart of the 1920s oil boom in the area. During World War II, it became a center of the chemical industry, which still plays a part in the economy, as do oil and timber.
2005 Iranian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Iran 17 June 2005, with a second round run-off on 24 June. Mohammad Khatami, the outgoing president of Iran, stepped down on 2 August 2005, after serving his maximum two consecutive four-year terms according to the Islamic republic's constitution.

As no candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, a run-off was held between the top two candidates, former president (1989–1997) Akbar Rafsanjanī and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the hardline mayor of Tehran. Although Ahmadinejad had finished second in the first round of voting, he won the second round with 63% of the vote. Factors thought to have contributed to Ahmadinejad's victory include mobilization of mosque networks and conservative/hardline voters, and a protest vote against corrupt elite insiders and for "new political blood". He was a loyal supporter of conservative Supreme Leader Khamenei.

Mostafa Moeen
Mostafa Moeen (Persian: مصطفی معین; born 1 April 1951 in Najafabad, Isfahan) is an Iranian politician, professor of pediatrics, and a human rights activist who is currently founder and president of the Front for Human Rights and Democracy in Iran. He was a presidential candidate for the 2005 Iranian presidential election. His campaign enjoyed the support of some reformist parties and organizations, headed by the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF).

Currently, he is the director of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Beryllium hydroxide
Beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)2, is an amphoteric hydroxide, dissolving in both acids and alkalis. Industrially, it is produced as a by-product in the extraction of beryllium metal from the ores beryl and bertrandite. The natural pure beryllium hydroxide is rare (in form of the mineral behoite, orthorhombic) or very rare (clinobehoite, monoclinic). When alkali is added to beryllium salt solutions the α-form (a gel) is formed. If this left to stand or boiled, the rhombic β-form precipitates. This has the same structure as zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH)2, with tetrahedral beryllium centers.

Zinc hydroxide
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 is an inorganic chemical compound. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite (orthorhombic), ashoverite and sweetite (both tetragonal).

Like the hydroxides of other metals, such as lead, aluminium, beryllium, tin and chromium, Zinc hydroxide (and Zinc oxide), is amphoteric.  Thus it will dissolve readily in a dilute solution of a strong acid, such as HCl, and also in a solution of an alkali such as sodium hydroxide.
Jules Perrot
Jules-Joseph Perrot (18 August 1810 – 29 August 1892) was a French dancer and choreographer who later became Ballet Master of the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia. He created some of the most famous ballets of the 19th century including Pas de Quatre, La Esmeralda, Ondine, and Giselle with Jean Coralli.

Marie Taglioni
Marie Taglioni, Comtesse de Voisins  (23 April 1804 – 22 April 1884) was a Swedish-born ballet dancer of the Romantic ballet era partially of Italian descent, a central figure in the history of European dance. She spent most of her life in the Austrian Empire and France. She was one of the most celebrated ballerinas of the romantic ballet, which was cultivated primarily at Her Majesty's Theatre in London and at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique of the Paris Opera Ballet. She is credited with (though not confirmed as) being the first ballerina to truly dance en pointe.
Abequose
Abequose is a hexose and a 3,6-dideoxysugar. It is a constituent of the in O-specific chains in lipopolysaccharides that occur in certain serotypes of Salmonella and Citrobacter bacteria.  It is the enantiomer of colitose.

Deoxy sugar
Deoxy sugars are sugars that have had a hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.

Examples include:

Deoxyribose, or 2-deoxy-D-ribose, a constituent of DNA

Fucose, or 6-deoxy-L-galactose, main component of fucoidan of brown algae, and present in N-linked glycans

Fuculose, or 6-deoxy-L-tagatose, one of the important components of avian influenza virus particles

Rhamnose, or 6-deoxy-L-mannose, present in plant glycosides

In Escherichia coli bacteria, deoxyribose sugars are synthesized via two different pathways - one pathway involves aldol condensation, whereas the other pathway is conversion of a ribose sugar into a deoxyribose sugar by means of changes on the nucleotide or nucleoside level. Deoxyribose is synthesized through the reduction of ribose. Deoxyribose is derived from the same precursor as ribose being that the reduction of the sugar with the extra hydroxyl group results in the deoxy-sugar, which has its hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom.
Templemore Town Hall
Templemore Town Hall (Irish: Halla an Bhaile An Teampall Mór), is a municipal building in Main Street, Templemore, County Tipperary, Ireland. As of May 2023, it was being converted into a library and enterprise and cultural centre.

Templemore
Templemore (Irish: An Teampall Mór, meaning 'the big church') is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is a civil parish in the historical barony of Eliogarty. It is part of the parish of Templemore, Clonmore and Killea in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly.

The town's population increased from 1,939 at the 2016 census to 2,005 in the 2022 census.
Backus–Naur form
In computer science, Backus–Naur form (BNF, pronounced /ˌbækəs ˈnaʊər/), also known as Backus normal form, is a notation system for defining the syntax of programming languages and other formal languages, developed by John Backus and Peter Naur. It is a metasyntax for context-free grammars, providing a precise way to outline the rules of a language's structure.

It has been widely used in official specifications, manuals, and textbooks on programming language theory, as well as to describe document formats, instruction sets, and communication protocols. Over time, variations such as extended Backus–Naur form (EBNF) and augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) have emerged, building on the original framework with added features.

Terminal and nonterminal symbols
In formal languages, terminal and nonterminal symbols are parts of the vocabulary under a formal grammar. Vocabulary is a finite, nonempty set of symbols. Terminal symbols are symbols that cannot be replaced by other symbols of the vocabulary. Nonterminal symbols are symbols that can be replaced by other symbols of the vocabulary by the production rules under the same formal grammar.

A formal grammar defines a formal language over the vocabulary of the grammar.

In the context of formal language, the term vocabulary is more commonly known as alphabet. Nonterminal symbols are also called syntactic variables.
Lake Megami
Megami Lake (Japanese: 女神湖, Hepburn: Megami-ko) is a lake located in Tateshina, Nagano Prefecture. An artificial lake constructed for agricultural purposes, it is also known as Akanuma Reservoir. A development to make it into a resort site is also underway. It is in Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park.

Tateshina, Nagano
Tateshina (立科町, Tateshina-machi) is a town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the town had an estimated population of 7,147 in 2834 households, and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 66.87 square kilometres (25.82 sq mi). Tateshina is famous for its apple orchards.
Jacksons Landing
33°52′30″S 151°11′47″E﻿ / ﻿33.87497°S 151.19635°E﻿ / -33.87497; 151.19635

Jacksons Landing is a residential and commercial property development located on the northern peninsula of Pyrmont, an inner suburb of Sydney, Australia. It is located on the former site of a major sugar refinery which was operated by CSR Limited and was developed by Lendlease, a well-known real estate developer.

Pyrmont, New South Wales
Pyrmont (/pɪərmɒnt/) is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 2 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is also part of the Darling Harbour region.

Aboriginal culture
Before European settlement the Eora tribe of Indigenous Australians inhabited the area. Their Aboriginal name for this area was 'Pirrama', which is still the name of a road on the Pyrmont waterfront.

Pyrmont was once a vital component of Sydney's industrial waterfront, with wharves, shipbuilding yards, factories and woolstores. As industry moved out, the population and the area declined. In recent years it has experienced redevelopment with an influx of residents and office workers.