hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jūrmala
Jūrmala (Latvian: [ˈjuːrmala] ⓘ; "seaside") is a state city in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, about 25 kilometres (16 miles) west of Riga. Jūrmala is a resort town stretching 32 km (20 miles) and is sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River. It has a 33 km (21 miles) stretch of white-sand beach and is the fifth-largest city in Latvia.

While Latvia was under Soviet occupation, Jūrmala was a favorite holiday-resort and tourist destination for high-level Communist Party officials, particularly Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev. Although many amenities such as beach-houses and concrete hotels remain, some have fallen into disrepair. Jūrmala remains a tourist attraction with long beaches facing the Gulf of Riga and romantic wooden houses in the Art Nouveau style.

New Wave (competition)
New Wave (Russian: Новая волна, Novaya volna, Latvian: Jaunais Vilnis) is an international contest for young performers of popular music founded in 2002 by the Russian composer Igor Krutoy and Latvian pianist and composer Raimonds Pauls, and was later enhanced by the Russian superstar Alla Pugacheva. Along with Pugacheva, the headliners of the competition were Valery Leontyev, Patricia Kaas, Toto Cutugno, Lou Bega, Craig David and Svetlana Loboda. Since 2016, Pugacheva has not participated in the organization of the competition.

The contest usually lasts for six days: 3 contest days, 2 special event days and, at the end, the day when the contest's results are announced followed by an ending concert.
Acolnahuacatl
Acolnahuacatl (also Aculnahuacatl, Acolnahuacatzin) was a king of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco. He was likely a son of the king Xiuhtlatonac.

He married princess Cuetlaxochitzin, daughter of king Xolotl. Their son was the famous king Tezozomoc.

According to the historian Chimalpain, Acolnahuacatl ruled from 1302 to 1366 and Tezozomoc from 1367 to 1426. Some contemporary historians placed Acolnahuacatl's death and Tezozómoc's rise in 1371.

Acolnahuacatl was a grandfather to Tayatzin, Maxtla, Xiuhcanahualtzin and Ayauhcihuatl.

Tezozomoc (Azcapotzalco)
Tezozomoc Yacateteltetl (also Tezozómoc, Tezozomoctli, Tezozomoctzin; c. 1320 – 1426), was a Tepanec leader who ruled the altepetl (ethnic state) of Azcapotzalco from the year 1353 or Five Reed (1367) or Eight Rabbit (1370) until his death in the year Twelve Rabbit (1426). Histories written down in the early colonial period portray Tezozomoc as a military and political genius who oversaw an expansion of Tepanec influence, bringing about Azcapotzalco's dominance in the Valley of Mexico and beyond.
Trigonioidea
Trigonioidea is superfamily of medium-sized saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs. Within the fossil record the occurrence of this superfamily is widespread, ranging from the Devonian Period to Recent.

The diagnostic feature for the superfamily is the unique and complex dentition of the shell, (i.e. the interior hinge teeth that articulate the two valves). The dentition is particularly elaborate within the family Trigoniidae.

Bieler, Carter, & Coan (2010) included the following families in Trigonioidea.  Taxa marked with a † are extinct.

Trigonioidea

Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819

†Eoschizodidae Newell & Boyd, 1975 (syn: Curtonotidae)

†Groeberellidae Pérez, Reyes, & Danborenea 1995

†Myophoriidae Bronn, 1849 (syn: Cytherodontidae, Costatoriidae, Gruenewaldiidae)

†Prosogyrotrigoniidae Kobayashi, 1954

†Scaphellinidae Newell & Ciriacks, 1962

†Schizodidae Newell & Boyd, 1975

†Sinodoridae Pojeta & Zhang, 1984

Trigoniidae
Trigoniidae is a taxonomic family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the superfamily Trigonioidea. There is only one living genus, Neotrigonia, but in the geological past this family was well represented, widespread and common. The shells of species in this family are morphologically unusual, with very elaborate hinge teeth, and the exterior of the shell is highly ornamented.
Lou Shide
Lou Shide (Chinese: 婁師德; 630–699), courtesy name

Zongren (宗仁), formally Viscount Zhen of Qiao (譙貞子), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, twice serving as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
House of Estampes
The House of Estampes is a surviving family of the French nobility, originally from Berry, which distinguished itself through significant political, military and ecclesiastical positions. The best known figure today family is Jacques d'Étampes, Marquis of la Ferté-Imbault (1590–1668), Marshal of France in 1651.

Brûlart family
The Brûlart family was a family of the French nobility that was established in Paris, in the service of the Kings of France, which then relocated to Burgundy. It is said to have originated from Saint-Martin-d'Ablois, the Marne department in Champagne. The Brûlart family died out in 1793 upon the extinction of the Genlis branch.
Sōsuke Uno
Sōsuke Uno (宇野 宗佑, Uno Sōsuke; 27 August 1922 – 19 May 1998) was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan in 1989.

Born in Shiga Prefecture, Uno enrolled in the Kobe College of Commerce before he was conscripted into the army during World War II. In 1960, he entered politics and was elected to the National Diet, becoming a leading Liberal Democratic Party member and a key ally of Yasuhiro Nakasone. Uno served as director of the Defense Agency under Kakuei Tanaka, as director of the Science and Technology Agency under Takeo Fukuda, and as director of the Administrative Management Agency under Masayoshi Ōhira.

He was briefly international trade and industry minister in 1983, and foreign minister in 1987–1989. In 1989, Uno became prime minister but served for only two months before he resigned after a poor showing in that year's upper house election, influenced by the lingering Recruit scandal and public financial scandal with an outspoken geisha.

Kobe University
Kobe University (神戸大学, Kōbe daigaku), also known in the Kansai region as Shindai (神大), is a national research university located in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

The university was established in 1949, but the academic origins of Kobe University trace back to the establishment of Kobe Higher Commercial School in 1902, which was renamed as Kobe University of Commerce in 1929, and Kobe University of Economics in 1940.

It comprises 14 graduate schools and 11 undergraduate faculties, and holds about 16,000 students enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs. International students accounted for 1,179 members of the student body as of 1 May 2021. It also has 3,102 staff members, including professors, associate professors and administrative officials.

The university is known to be the sole university in Japan to have a faculty dedicated to maritime sciences. It was also the first university to establish a faculty dedicated to business administration in the country.
Robert Philipp
Robert Philipp (February 2, 1895 – November 22, 1981) was an American painter influenced by Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, and known for his nudes, still lifes, and portraits of attractive women and Hollywood stars. Noted art critic Henry McBride called Philipp one of America's top six painters of his generation. He was an instructor of painting at the Art Students League of New York for 33 years, the American artist Itshak Holtz was a student of Philipp. Philipp was Secretary of the National Academy of Design, and National Academician, Benjamin Franklin Fellow, Royal Society of Arts in London. He was married to model and fellow artist Rochelle ("Shelly") Post, who frequently posed for him until her death in 1971. His compositions and painting style have been compared to the art of Edgar Degas and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Philipp won prizes in most of the important exhibitions of his time, and his paintings are in numerous museums and important private collections.

Itshak Holtz
Itshak Jack Holtz (Hebrew: יצחק הולץ; also known as Itzhak Holtz and Issac Holtz; 1925–2018) was a Polish-born and an Israeli and American Orthodox Jewish painter, who is best known for his paintings and drawings that depict traditional scenes of Jewish life.
Ami Moyal
Ami Moyal (Hebrew: עמי מויאל‎; born June 22, 1962) is the third president of Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering. He is a professor in electrical and computer engineering and expert in the field of human machine interaction via speech recognition.

Afeka College of Engineering
The Afeka — The Academic College of Engineering in Tel Aviv (Hebrew: אפקה - המכללה האקדמית להנדסה בתל אביב) is a public college in Tel Aviv, Israel. Afeka was established in 1996 and grants Bachelor and Masters degrees in engineering. The college offers 5 undergraduate programs with 17 fields of specialization as well as 5 graduate programs.
Rural Municipality of Cameron
The Rural Municipality of Cameron is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on November 16, 1896. It ceased on January 1, 2015, as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Whitewater and the Town of Hartney to form the Municipality of Grassland.

The RM was located southwest of Brandon and was home to about 500 people. It was named for John Donald Cameron, the Attorney General of Manitoba at the time.

Rural Municipality of Whitewater
The Rural Municipality of Whitewater is a former rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was originally incorporated as a rural municipality on December 22, 1883. It ceased on January 1, 2015 as a result of its provincially mandated amalgamation with the RM of Cameron and the Town of Hartney to form the Municipality of Grassland.
Georg Alexander Pick
Georg Alexander Pick (10 August 1859 – 26 July 1942) was an Austrian Jewish mathematician who was murdered during The Holocaust. He was born in Vienna to Josefa Schleisinger and Adolf Josef Pick and died at Theresienstadt concentration camp. Today he is best known for Pick's theorem for determining the area of lattice polygons. He published it in an article in 1899; it was popularized when Hugo Dyonizy Steinhaus included it in the 1969 edition of Mathematical Snapshots.

Pick's theorem
In geometry, Pick's theorem provides a formula for the area of a simple polygon with integer vertex coordinates, in terms of the number of integer points within it and on its boundary. The result was first described by Georg Alexander Pick in 1899. It was popularized in English by Hugo Steinhaus in the 1950 edition of his book Mathematical Snapshots. It has multiple proofs, and can be generalized to formulas for certain kinds of non-simple polygons.
Maryland Route 353
Maryland Route 353 (MD 353) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.  Known for most of its length as Gumboro Road, the state highway runs 5.08 miles (8.18 km) from U.S. Route 50 (US 50) just south of Pittsville north to the Delaware state line, where the highway intersects Delaware Route 26 (DE 26) and DE-MD 54.  MD 353 was constructed in the mid- to late 1920s. The route was extended south from MD 346 to US 50 in Pittsville in 2016.

Maryland Route 346
Maryland Route 346 (MD 346) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 23.72 miles (38.17 km) from U.S. Route 50 Business (US 50 Business) in Salisbury east to US 50 in Berlin. MD 346 is the old alignment of US 50 between Salisbury and Berlin, connecting those cities with Parsonsburg, Pittsville, and Willards in eastern Wicomico County and Whaleyville in northern Worcester County. Much of what is now MD 346 was built as the original state road between Salisbury and Ocean City in the mid-1910s. The highway was designated US 213 in 1927 and changed to US 50 in 1949. MD 346 was first applied to Church Street in Salisbury in the 1940s; this designation was removed in 1954. MD 346 was reassigned in the mid-1960s to the old alignments of US 50 left behind after US 50's bypass of Berlin opened in the late 1950s and the US 50 divided highway was completed between Salisbury and Berlin in the mid-1960s.
Chaim Potok
Chaim Potok (February 17, 1929 – July 23, 2002), was an American author, novelist, playwright, editor and rabbi. Among the more than a dozen books he authored, his first novel The Chosen (1967) was listed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 39 weeks and sold more than 3.4 million copies, and was adapted into a well-received 1981 feature film by the same title.

The Chosen (Potok novel)
The Chosen is a novel written by Chaim Potok. It was first published in 1967. It follows the narrator, Reuven Malter, and his friend Daniel Saunders, as they grow up in the Williamsburg neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York, in the 1940s. A sequel featuring Reuven's young adult years, The Promise, was published in 1969.
Yerrinbool, New South Wales
Yerrinbool is one of the Northern Villages of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in the Wingecarribee Shire. Yerrinbool is accessible from the Hume Highway (via Bargo or Alpine) and is about a 12 km (7.5 mi) drive from nearby Mittagong. It is 7 km (4.3 mi) to Hill Top as the crow flies, accessible by foot via a fire trail. It is on the western edge of the Upper Nepean Nature Reserve, a vast area of forest, lakes and dams between Yerrinbool and the coastal communities around Wollongong (accessible by a circuitous 63 km (39 mi) by-road). Yerrinbool was previously officially known as the Town of Yerrinbool. It is located along the historic Old Hume Highway.

Alpine, New South Wales
Alpine (/ˈælpiːn/) is a Northern Village of the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia, in the Wingecarribee Shire. It is located north-east of Aylmerton and south of Yerrinbool. The Main Southern Line passes through the locality, and the Hume Highway runs along the western boundary. The Old South Road, an early precursor to the Hume Highway, runs through the centre of the locality, separating the rural western side from the Upper Nepean Catchment Area, which is heavily forested.
Artillery Regiment, Estonian Division
The Artillery Regiment (Estonian: Suurtükiväerügement) of the Estonian Division, formerly the Artillery Battalion (Estonian: Suurtükiväepataljon) and Artillery Group (Estonian: Suurtükiväegrupp), is an artillery regiment of the Estonian Defence Forces, based out of Tapa Army Base. The unit is part of the Estonian Land Forces. It is tasked with supporting combat units with indirect fire during war-time.

Estonian Division
The Estonian Division is the main combat unit of the Estonian Land Forces. The division was established in December 2022 and commands the 1st and 2nd Infantry Brigades as well as an artillery battalion and support units.
Hurustiati Subandrio
Hurustiati Subandrio (c. 1918–1974), in Van Ophuijsen Spelling Hoeroestiati Soebandrio, was an Indonesian physician, politician, anthropologist, and social activist. She held several high-profile roles during the Sukarno era, including being head of Public Health education for the Ministry of Health, president of the Indonesian Women's Congress, and vice-chair of the World Health Organization. She was the wife of Subandrio, a close ally of Sukarno who was Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs (1956–1966) and later a political prisoner (1966–1995).

Subandrio
Subandrio (15 September 1914 – 3 July 2004) was an Indonesian politician Foreign Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under President Sukarno. Removed from office following the failed 1965 coup, he spent 29 years in prison.

The spelling "Subandrio" has been official in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soebandrio is still sometimes used.
Mike Evans (wide receiver)
Michael Lynn Evans Jr. (born August 21, 1993) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Texas A&M Aggies, earning consensus All-American honors after recording a school record of 1,394 receiving yards on 69 receptions in 2013. Evans was selected by the Buccaneers in the first round with the seventh overall pick in the 2014 NFL draft.

Evans has been selected to the Pro Bowl six times and was a second-team All-Pro in 2016 and 2023. He holds nearly every major Buccaneers franchise receiving record, including career receptions, yards, and touchdowns. Evans was also a member of the team that won Super Bowl LV. He has a record 11 1,000-yard receiving seasons to start a career, and his 11 consecutive 1,000-yard seasons are tied with Jerry Rice for most by a receiver in NFL history.

Vincent Jackson
Vincent Terrell Jackson (January 14, 1983 – February 15, 2021) was an American professional football wide receiver who played for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northern Colorado Bears and was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the second round of the 2005 NFL draft. Jackson also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was selected to the Pro Bowl thrice and exceeded 1,000 receiving yards six times in his career. Jackson died in 2021, with the official cause of his death reported as chronic alcohol abuse. An autopsy found Stage 2 chronic traumatic encephalopathy in his brain.
Coral Petkovich
Coral Petkovich is an Australian writer of biographies and a translator of both Bosnian and Croatian to English.

Her 2012 translation of Selvedin Avdić's 2010 book Seven Terrors was shortlisted for the Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards in 2013.

Seven Terrors
Seven Terrors is a science fiction novel by Selvedin Avdić. Originally published in 2010 in Bosnian, it was translated into English by Coral Petkovich published in the UK by Istros Books in 2012.

The book, which includes themes of violence, oppression and injustice, is set in post-war Bosnia. The unnamed protagonist, while dealing with depression, navigates an underground mystical world, in search of a lost friend.

The book won praise from literary correspondents Nicholas Lezard and Eileen Battersby. It was nominated for the International Dublin Literary Award and the Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Award.
Ethan Zuckerman
Ethan Zuckerman (born January 4, 1973) is an American media scholar, blogger, and Internet activist. He was the director of the MIT Center for Civic Media, and Associate Professor of the Practice in Media Arts and Sciences at MIT until May 2020, and the author of the 2013 book Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection, which won the Zócalo Book Prize. In 2020, he became an associate professor of public policy, communication and information at the University of Massachusetts.

Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection
Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection is a 2013 nonfiction book about contemporary globalization and xenophilia by American blogger Ethan Zuckerman of MIT. It describes homophilic barriers to cosmopolitanism such as filter bubbles and media bias. Zuckerman calls for a strenuously internationalized media and cultural literacy empowered by language translation. He cites the work of scholars Kwame Anthony Appiah, Ronald Stuart Burt, Mark Granovetter, and Robert D. Putnam, and of cosmopolitan exemplars Matt Harding, Erik Hersman, Dhani Jones, Roland Soong, Global Voices Online, Härnu, Meedan, and Tea Leaf Nation.
Daian, Mie
Daian (大安町, Daian-chō) was a town located in Inabe District, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

On December 1, 2003, Daian, along with the towns of Inabe (former), Hokusei, and Fujiwara (all from Inabe District), was merged to create the city of Inabe.

Inabe District
Inabe (員弁郡, Inabe-gun) is a district located in Mie Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005, the district has an estimated population of 26,312 and a population density of 1,161.2 people per km2. The total area is 22.66 km2.
Stroud pound
The Stroud pound is a local currency in use in Stroud, Gloucestershire, England. Unveiled on 12 September 2009, the scheme is the third local currency scheme introduced in England in recent years after the Totnes pound and the Lewes pound.

Lewes pound
The Lewes pound was a local currency in use in the town of Lewes, East Sussex.  Inspired by the Totnes pound and BerkShare, the currency was introduced with the blessing of the town council in September 2008 by Transition Town Lewes as a community response to the challenges of climate change and peak oil. The Lewes pound is discontinued and is no longer valid since 31 August, 2025.
Citroën Xsara WRC
The Citroën Xsara WRC is a World Rally Car built for the Citroën World Rally Team by Citroën Racing to compete in the World Rally Championship. It is based on the Citroën Xsara road car. The car was introduced for the 2001 World Rally Championship season and has taken the first three of nine drivers' titles for Sébastien Loeb, as well as the manufacturers' title in 2003, 2004, and 2005.

2004 World Rally Championship
The 2004 World Rally Championship was the 32nd season of the FIA World Rally Championship. The season consisted of 16 rallies. The drivers' world championship was won by Sébastien Loeb in a Citroën Xsara WRC, ahead of Petter Solberg and Markko Märtin. The manufacturers' title was won by Citroën, ahead of Ford and Subaru.

The video game WRC 4: The Official Game of the FIA World Rally Championship was based on this season.
Josh Rattican
Joshua Paul Rattican (born 21 February 2004) is a British racing driver. Having driven in the Ginetta Junior Championship in his formative years, finishing second in 2020, Rattican went on to claim the runner-up spot of the Ginetta GT4 Supercup the following year. He since moved into the GT4 European Series, winning a race at Barcelona in 2023 before experiencing a dominant 2024 season alongside Tom Lebbon.

Rattican is a member of the BRDC's "Rising Stars" programme.

Tom Lebbon
Thomas Lebbon (born 16 May 2005) is a British racing driver who is currently competing in the GT4 European Series with Elite Motorsport. He was the champion of the 2020 Ginetta Junior Championship and finished third in the 2022 GB3 Championship.
A-0 Geyser
A-0 Geyser is a geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.

A-0 Geyser is part of the White Creek Group which includes Spindle Geyser and Botryoidal Spring. It can be identified by its shallow, round basin with a round vent in the middle found 100 feet (30 m) southeast of the Surprise Pool parking area.

It erupts for a duration of about 30 to 40 seconds with intervals of 20 to 26 minutes between eruptions. The fountain reaches a height of 5 to 10 feet (1.5 to 3.0 m).

The name A-0 is an unofficial name based on the proximity of this geyser to the dormant A-1 and A-2 geysers.

The RCN location of this geyser has been unintentionally switched with Dilemma Geyser, elsewhere in the Lower Geyser Basin.

Botryoidal Spring
Botryoidal Spring is a fountain-type geyser in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the United States.

Botryoidal Spring is part of the White Creek Group, which includes A-0 Geyser and Spindle Geyser. As the name indicates, Botryoidal Spring was originally known as a hot spring.  The term botryoidal refers to the subspherical, grape-like geyserite structures around the vent.  In 1996, seismic activity resulted in the sparkling spring changing to an active geyser.

It erupts for about one minute.  Intervals (between each shock) are 3 to 5 minutes. The fountain reaches a height of 10 feet (3 m).

Immediately after an eruption, the pool is quiet.  Without any warning, eruptions start with a broad, moderately noisy burst.  Smaller bursting continues for less than a minute.  Eruptions may start with a blue bubble, caused by a large steam bubble rising from below the water surface.