hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pressure compounding in turbines
Pressure compounding is the method in which pressure in a steam turbine is made to drop in a number of stages rather than in a single nozzle. This method of compounding is used in Rateau and Zoelly turbines.

Compounding of steam turbines
In steam turbine design, compounding is a method of extracting steam energy in multiple stages rather than a single one. Each stage of a compounded steam turbine has its own set of nozzles and rotors. These are arranged in series, either keyed to the common shaft or fixed to the casing. The arrangement allows either the steam pressure or the jet velocity to be absorbed incrementally.
Glan–Foucault prism
A Glan–Foucault prism (also called a Glan–air prism) is a type of prism which is used as a polarizer. It is similar in construction to a Glan–Thompson prism, except that two right-angled calcite prisms are spaced with an air gap instead of being cemented together. Total internal reflection of p-polarized light at the air gap means that only s-polarized light is transmitted straight through the prism.

Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.
Toa Payoh Public Library
The Toa Payoh Public Library (Chinese: 大巴窑图书馆), formerly Toa Payoh Community Library (Chinese: 大巴窑社区图书馆) and Toa Payoh Branch Library, is an established library located in the Toa Payoh Town Centre, Singapore, opened on 7 February 1974. It consists of three floors and has a large floor area of approximately 4125 m2. The building which the library currently based in once housed the Southeast Asian Peninsular Games Secretariat for the 1973 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games in Singapore. The library is also within walking distance of HDB Hub, Toa Payoh Bus Interchange and Toa Payoh MRT station.

Toa Payoh MRT station
Toa Payoh MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North–South Line (NSL) in Toa Payoh, Singapore. Located in the town centre of Toa Payoh, it is integrated with the Toa Payoh Bus Interchange and the HDB Hub, headquarters of the Housing and Development Board. The station is underneath the intersection of three roads: Lorong 1 Toa Payoh, Lorong 2 Toa Payoh and Lorong 6 Toa Payoh.

First announced in May 1982, construction of the station began in 1983 as part of Phase I of the MRT system. In August 1985, it became the first Mass Rapid Transit station in Singapore to have its concrete structure completed. It opened on 7 November 1987 and was one of the first MRT stations to operate in revenue service. It has a bright yellow scheme with a set of coloured tiles at the concourse level.
Wat Chedi Liam
Wat Chedi Liam (Thai: วัดเจดีย์เหลี่ยม; "Temple of the Squared Pagoda"), formerly known as Wat Ku Kham (Thai: วัดกู่คำ; "Temple of the Golden Stupa"), is one of the wats in the ancient Thai city of Wiang Kum Kam, now part of present-day Chiang Mai.

Wiang Kum Kam
Wiang Kum Kam (Thai: เวียงกุมกาม; Northern Thai: ᩅ᩠ᨿᨦᨠᩩᨾᨠᩣ᩠ᨾ) is an historic settlement and archaeological site along the Ping River, which was built by King Mangrai the Great as his capital before he moved it to Chiang Mai. It was flooded and abandoned more than 700 years ago; that move became more understandable in 2005, when the ancient city was flooded three separate times as the river overflowed its banks in that area of Chiang Mai.
Long Tuma
Long Tuma is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 667.1 kilometres (415 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Long Sabuloh 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) south

Kampung Gaya 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north

Kampung Belu 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) south

Lawas 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi) north

Kampung Pangaleh 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi) east

Kampung Lawas 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) north

Kampung Sitakong 5.9 kilometres (3.7 mi) north

Kampung Surabaya 8.3 kilometres (5.2 mi) northeast

Kampung Sulai 10.8 kilometres (6.7 mi) northwest

Kampung Melipat 11.1 kilometres (6.9 mi) north

Long Sabuloh
Long Sabuloh is a settlement in the Lawas division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately 665.1 kilometres (413 mi) east-north-east of the state capital Kuching.

Neighbouring settlements include:

Kampung Belu 1.9 kilometres (1.2 mi) south

Long Tuma 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) north

Kampung Gaya 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) north

Kampung Pangaleh 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) northeast

Lawas 9.3 kilometres (5.8 mi) north

Kampung Sitakong 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) north

Kampung Lawas 9.5 kilometres (5.9 mi) north

Long Tuan 10.8 kilometres (6.7 mi) southwest

Long Tukan 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) west

Kampung Surabaya 11.7 kilometres (7.3 mi) north
Balloon (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a balloon is an unpowered aerostat, which remains aloft or floats due to its buoyancy. It may use hot air as a lifting gas, or it may use gas that is not air like hydrogen or helium. A balloon may be free, moving with the wind, or tethered to a fixed point. It is distinct from an airship, which is a powered aerostat that can propel itself through the air in a controlled manner.

Many balloons have a basket, gondola, or capsule suspended beneath the main envelope for carrying people or equipment (including cameras and telescopes, and flight-control mechanisms).

Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier
Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ fʁɑ̃swa pilɑtʁ də ʁozje]) (30 March 1754 – 15 June 1785) was a French chemistry and physics teacher, and one of the first pioneers of aviation. He made the first crewed free balloon flight, and first confirmed human flight of any kind, with François Laurent d'Arlandes on 21 November 1783, in a Montgolfier balloon. He later died when his balloon crashed near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Calais during an attempt to fly across the English Channel. He and his companion Pierre Romain thus became the first known fatalities in an air crash.
La Crosse West Channel Bridge
The La Crosse West Channel Bridge  is a plate girder bridge that spans the west channel of the Mississippi River between Barron Island in Wisconsin, and La Crescent, MN. Together with the Mississippi River Bridge it forms a connection between La Crescent and downtown La Crosse, Wisconsin.
The Mississippi River Bridge carries U.S. Routes 14 and 61, and forms the eastern terminus of MN-16 and the western terminus of WI 16.

U.S. Route 14
U.S. Route 14 or U.S. Highway 14 (US 14), an east–west route, is one of the original United States Numbered Highways of 1926. It is about 1,445 miles (2,326 km) long. It is roughly parallel to Interstate 90 (I-90).

The highway's eastern terminus is in Chicago, Illinois. Its western terminus is the east entrance of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, with the western terminus of US 16 and the western terminus of the eastern segment of US 20.
Sonoma Valley Unified School District
Sonoma Valley Unified School District is a public school district based in Sonoma County, California, United States. As of 2017, there are 11 schools.

The district includes Sonoma and the following census-designated places: Boyes Hot Springs, Eldridge, El Verano, Fetters Hot Springs-Agua Caliente, Glen Ellen, and Temelec.

Fetters Hot Springs-Agua Caliente, California
Fetters Hot Springs-Agua Caliente is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sonoma Valley, Sonoma County, California, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the CDP population was 4,233. The name Agua Caliente translates into English, from Spanish, as hot water, referring to the hot springs historically found in the area.
Kaltennordheim
Kaltennordheim (German: [ˌkaltn̩ˈnɔʁthaɪm] ⓘ) is a town in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated in the Rhön Mountains, 22 km southwest of Bad Salzungen, and 35 km east of Fulda. The former municipalities Aschenhausen, Kaltensundheim, Kaltenwestheim, Melpers, Oberkatz und Unterweid were merged into Kaltennordheim in January 2019. At the same time, Kaltennordheim passed from the Wartburgkreis to Schmalkalden-Meiningen.

Aschenhausen
Aschenhausen (German pronunciation: [aʃn̩ˈhaʊzn̩]) is a village and a former municipality in the district Schmalkalden-Meiningen, in Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Kaltennordheim.
Richibucto Parish
Richibucto (originally Liverpool) is a geographic parish in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes it is divided between the towns of Beaurivage and Grand-Bouctouche, the village of Five Rivers, and the Kent rural district, all of are members of the Kent Regional Service Commission, and the Indian Island 28 Indian reserve, which is not.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the town of Richibucto, the village of Rexton, the Indian Island 28 Indian reserve, and the local service districts of Cap-de-Richibouctou, Sainte-Anne-de-Kent, and the parish of Richibucto. Richibucto and a border area west of it became part of Beaurivage, Rexton and most of the parish LSD part of Five Rivers, Sainte-Anne-de-Kent to Grand-Bouctouche, and Cap-de-Richibouctou to the rural district, with small exceptions along the various new borders.

Saint-Charles Parish, New Brunswick
Saint-Charles is a geographic parish in Kent County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes most of the parish is part of the town of Beaurivage, with a small area on the south part of the village of Five Rivers, both of which members of the Kent Regional Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the local service districts of Aldouane and the parish of Saint-Charles.
Joseph Conrad bibliography
The works of Joseph Conrad encompass novels, short stories, nonfiction, and memoirs. Although he was born in Ukraine and spoke Polish and French fluently from childhood, he wrote in English, which he did not learn until his twenties. Philosopher Wincenty Lutosławski recalled Conrad explaining this, saying "I value our beautiful Polish literature too much to bring into it my clumsy efforts. But for the English my gifts are sufficient and secure my daily bread."

The Nigger of the "Narcissus"
The Nigger of the "Narcissus": A Tale of the Forecastle (sometimes subtitled A Tale of the Sea) is an 1897 novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad. The central character is an Afro-Caribbean man who is ill at sea while aboard the trading ship Narcissus heading towards London. Due to the offensiveness of the word nigger in the title, it was renamed The Children of the Sea: A Tale of the Forecastle for the 1897 US edition. The novella dignifies the men in the forecastle and "explores voices at the margin of society".

Some critics have described the novella as marking the start of Conrad's major or middle period; others have placed it as the best work of his early period. In a letter, Conrad classifies the novella to be “the story by which, as creative artist, I stand or fall, and which, at any rate, no one else could have written. A landmark in literature, I can safely say, for nothing like it has been ever done before”.
Indiana Repertory Theatre
Indiana Repertory Theatre, frequently abbreviated IRT, is a professional regional theatre in Indianapolis, Indiana that began as a genuine repertory theatre with its casts performing in multiple shows at once. It has subsequently become a regional theatre and a member of the League of Resident Theatres.  A standard season typically consists of six plays on two different stages and the bulk of its season (including a holiday show, usually Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol) performed on the OneAmerica Financial Stage.

The theatre company has history in two theatre buildings.   It began in 1972 in The Athenaeum.  In 1980, the IRT moved to its current home, The Indiana Theatre, a former Paramount Pictures Publix Theatre at 140 West Washington Street, built in 1927 and converted from a movie theater for IRT's use.

Indiana Theatre (Indianapolis)
The Indiana Theatre is a multiple use performing arts venue located at 140 W. Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was built as a movie palace and ballroom in 1927 and today is the home of the Indiana Repertory Theatre. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1979.  It is located in the Washington Street-Monument Circle Historic District.
Counterculture
A counterculture is a culture whose values and norms of behavior are opposed to those of the current mainstream society, and sometimes diametrically opposed to mainstream cultural mores. A countercultural movement expresses the ethos and aspirations of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.

Prominent examples of countercultures in the Western world include the Levellers (1645–1650), Bohemianism (1850–1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944–1964), and the globalized counterculture of the 1960s which in the United States consisted primarily of Hippies and Flower Children (c. 1965–1973, peaking in 1967–1970). Regarding  this last  group, when referring to themselves, counterculture will usually be capitalized and is often hyphenated as: Counter-Culture or Counter-culture.

Theodore Roszak (scholar)
Theodore Roszak (November 15, 1933 – July 5, 2011) was an American academic and novelist who concluded his academic career as Professor Emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay. He is best known for his 1969 text The Making of a Counter Culture.
Palazzo Chigi alla Postierla
The Palazzo Chigi all Postierla,  but sometimes referred also to as Chigi-Piccolomini or Piccolomini-Adami is a Renaissance style urban palace localized on Via del Capitano #1, corner Piazza Postierla, in the Terzo di Città, in the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. The palace is up the street from the Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, Siena.

Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo, Siena
43°19′01″N 11°19′46″E﻿ / ﻿43.317029°N 11.32939°E﻿ / 43.317029; 11.32939

The Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo is a 13th-century Gothic style, brick and stone, urban palace located on via del Capitano, #13-19 in the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. The name derives because it was once home of the Capitano della Guerra or Capitano del Popolo, who served as the main official for the Republic. The Palazzo is just off the Piazza of the Duomo.
St. Joseph Catholic Church (Camp Springs, Kentucky)
St. Joseph's Catholic Church, also known as St. Joseph, Camp Springs and St. Joseph in the Hills, is a rural Roman Catholic parish near Camp Springs in Campbell County, Kentucky. The historic parish church and cemetery are located at 6833 Four Mile Road. The parochial school was located on the adjacent plot at 6829 Four Mile Road. It remains an active parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, and its cemetery is still open for the burial of parish members.

Camp Springs, Kentucky
Camp Springs is an unincorporated community in Campbell County, Kentucky, United States. It ten miles southeast of Cincinnati, Ohio. During the mid-19th century, the area was settled by German immigrants from the Rhine River wine districts.
Independent Election Commission (Jordan)
The Independent Election Commission is the national electoral commission of Jordan, which is responsible for administering and supervising elections under the Constitution of Jordan.

An amendment to the constitution in 2011 enabled the establishment of the Commission, which was a demand from the Arab Spring protests. The commission is responsible for all elections in Jordan, including the general and local elections.

Election commission
An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and may be styled an electoral commission, a central or state election commission, or an election board, an electoral council  or an electoral court. Election commissions can be independent, mixed, judicial or executive. They may also be responsible for electoral boundary delimitation. In federations there may be a separate body for each subnational government. An election commission has a duty to ensure elections are conducted in an orderly manner.
2023 IndyCar Series
The 2023 NTT IndyCar Series was the 112th official championship season of American open-wheel racing and the 28th season under IndyCar Series sanction. The showcase event was the 107th Indianapolis 500, which was won by Josef Newgarden.

Álex Palou, driving for Chip Ganassi Racing, won his second championship, with his first coming in 2021. The victory was also the 15th for Chip Ganassi Racing. Palou secured the championship at the penultimate round of the season in Portland, the first time a driver had won the championship before the season finale since Sébastien Bourdais' championship victory in the 2007 Champ Car World Series.

Team Penske
Team Penske (formerly known as Penske Racing) is an American professional auto racing organization that competes in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR Cup Series, IMSA SportsCar Championship, and the FIA World Endurance Championship. The team made its competitive debut at the 1966 24 Hours of Daytona and has since participated in a wide range of professional motorsport disciplines, including Formula One, Can-Am, Trans-Am, and Australia's Supercars Championship. Over the course of its history, Team Penske has amassed more than 500 race victories and secured over 40 championships across various categories of auto racing. The team operates as a division of Penske Corporation and is owned and chaired by Roger Penske.
Westwood Regional School District
The Westwood Regional School District is a comprehensive regional public school district serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from the communities of the Borough of Westwood and Washington Township in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, two communities located approximately 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Midtown Manhattan. The district is the county's only regional district serving grades K-12. The district operates with a 1:1 ratio for students and computers.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 2,828 students and 259.2 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.9:1.

Washington Township, Bergen County, New Jersey
Washington Township is a township in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 9,285, an increase of 183 (+2.0%) of the 2010 census count of 9,102, reflecting an increase of 164 (+1.8%) from the 8,938 counted in the 2000 census.
WXCW
WXCW (channel 46), branded as WINK CW, is a television station licensed to Naples, Florida, United States, serving as the CW network affiliate for Southwest Florida. It is locally owned by Sun Broadcasting alongside two low-power stations: Univision/UniMás affiliate WUVF-LD (channel 2) and WANA-LD (channel 18), both also licensed to Naples. Sun Broadcasting maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Fort Myers Broadcasting Company, owner of Fort Myers–licensed CBS affiliate WINK-TV (channel 11), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studio facilities on Palm Beach Boulevard (SR 80) in northeast Fort Myers; WXCW's transmitter is located north of Fort Myers Shores, near the Charlotte–Lee county line.

WUVF-LD
WUVF-LD (channel 2) is a low-power television station licensed to Naples, Florida, United States, serving Southwest Florida as an affiliate of the Spanish-language networks Univision and UniMás. Locally owned by Sun Broadcasting, it is sister to two other Naples-licensed stations: CW affiliate WXCW (channel 46) and low-power WANA-LD (channel 16). Fort Myers Broadcasting Company, which owns Fort Myers–licensed CBS affiliate WINK-TV (channel 11), operates WUVF, WXCW, and WANA under a shared services agreement (SSA). The stations share studios on Palm Beach Boulevard (SR 80) in northeast Fort Myers; WUVF-LD's transmitter is located on Channel 30 Drive (on a tower shared with several radio stations).

WLZE-LD (channel 51) in Fort Myers operates as a translator of WUVF-LD; this station's transmitter is located north of Fort Myers Shores near the Charlotte–Lee county line.
FC Sulori Vani
FC Sulori (Georgian: საფეხბურთო კლუბი სულორი) is a Georgian football club based in the town of Vani. Following the 2025 season, they were relegated to Regionuli Liga, the fifth tier of Georgian football.

The team has spent two seasons in the top flight.

They play their home matches at the Grigol Nikoleishvili Stadium.

Erovnuli Liga
The Erovnuli Liga (Georgian: ეროვნული ლიგა; lit. 'National League') is the top division of professional top tier football in Georgia. Since 1990, it has been organized by the Professional Football League of Georgia and Georgian Football Federation. From 1927 to 1989, the competition was held as a regional tournament within the Soviet Union. From 2017, the Erovnuli Liga switched to a spring-autumn system, with only 10 clubs in the top flight.
Functional neuroimaging
Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions. It is primarily used as a research tool in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and social neuroscience.

Functional ultrasound imaging
Functional ultrasound imaging (fUS or fUSI) is a medical ultrasound imaging technique for detecting or measuring changes in neural activities or metabolism, such as brain activity loci, typically through measuring hemodynamic (blood flow) changes. It is an extension of Doppler ultrasonography.
Indexing Service
Indexing Service (originally called Index Server) was a Windows service that maintained an index of most of the files on a computer to improve searching performance on PCs and corporate computer networks. It updated indexes without user intervention. In Windows Vista it was replaced by the newer Windows Search Indexer. The IFilter plugins to extend the indexing capabilities to more file formats and protocols are compatible between the legacy Indexing Service how and the newer Windows Search Indexer.

IFilter
An IFilter is a plugin that allows Microsoft's search engines to index various file formats (as documents, email attachments, database records, audio metadata etc.) so that they become searchable. Without an appropriate IFilter, contents of a file cannot be parsed and indexed by the search engine.

They can be obtained as standalone packages or bundled with certain software such as Adobe Reader, LibreOffice, Microsoft Office and OpenOffice.

It also refers to the software interface needed to implement such plugins.