hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bob Higgins (American football)
Robert A. Higgins (November 24, 1893 – June 6, 1969) was an American football player and coach. He played college football at Pennsylvania State University, where he was a three-time All-American. He then played professionally with the Canton Bulldogs from 1920 to 1921. Higgins served as the head football coach at West Virginia Wesleyan College (1920, 1922–1924), Washington University in St. Louis (1925–1927), and Pennsylvania State University, compiling a career college football record of 123–83–16. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954.

Penn State Nittany Lions football
The Penn State Nittany Lions team represents the Pennsylvania State University in college football. The Nittany Lions compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Big Ten Conference, which they joined in 1993 after playing as an Independent from 1892 to 1992.

Established in 1887, the Nittany Lions have achieved numerous on-field successes, including two consensus national championships in 1982 and 1986; four Big Ten Conference championships in 1994, 2005, 2008 and 2016; 13 undefeated seasons in 1887, 1894, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1920, 1921, 1947, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994; and 53 appearances in college bowl games, with an all-time post-season bowl record of 32–20–2. The team ranks seventh among NCAA Division I college football programs in all-time total wins.

The Nittany Lions play their home games at Beaver Stadium, located on campus in University Park, Pennsylvania.
Anthony Maraschi
The Reverend Anthony Maraschi, S.J. (1820 - 1897)  was an Italian-born priest of the Society of Jesus. He was a founder of the University of San Francisco and Saint Ignatius College Preparatory as well as the first pastor of Saint Ignatius Church in San Francisco, California.

St. Ignatius College Preparatory
St. Ignatius College Preparatory, colloquially referred to by Bay Area locals as SI, is a private, Catholic preparatory school in the Jesuit tradition, serving the San Francisco Bay Area since 1855. Located in the Archdiocese of San Francisco, in the Sunset District of San Francisco, St. Ignatius is one of the oldest secondary schools in the U.S. state of California.
Sonoma County Grapes
The Sonoma County Grapes were an independent professional baseball team and were members of the North American League.  They played as a road team in 2012 in the Northern Division along with the Hawaii Stars, Na Koa Ikaika Maui and San Rafael Pacifics.  They replaced the Orange County Flyers when that team's owners withdrew from the league.

They were owned by Centerfield Partners, who also owned the San Rafael Pacifics.  When the league disbanded after the 2012 season, there was some talk of them joining the new Pacific Association of Professional Baseball Clubs but since they could not find a permanent home the team was disbanded. They were replaced two years later by the Sonoma Stompers.

Sonoma Stompers
The Sonoma Stompers are a collegiate summer baseball team based in Sonoma, California.  They are current members of the California Collegiate League.  They began play as members of the Pacific Association of Professional Baseball Clubs in 2014.  They are a successor franchise to the defunct Sonoma County Grapes, and were the first professional team to make Sonoma County home since the Sonoma County Crushers ceased play following the 2002 season.
Lemuel P. Montgomery
Lemuel Purnell Montgomery (c. 1786 – March 27, 1814) was an American military officer who fought in the Creek War. Montgomery was an attorney in Nashville, Tennessee, when the War of 1812 broke out, and was commissioned as a major of the 39th Infantry. He was killed in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, at the conclusion of the Creek War, on March 27, 1814.

In all likelihood, Lemuel Montgomery was the namesake of Fort Montgomery, which was established the same year that he died, two miles from Fort Mims. In 1816, Montgomery County, Alabama, was named in his honor. About twenty years later, the town and county of Montgomery in Texas were established and named after Montgomery County, Alabama.

Montgomery County, Alabama
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 228,954, making it the seventh-most populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Montgomery, the state capital. Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery metropolitan area.
Southern View, Illinois
Southern View is a village in Sangamon County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Southern View had a population of 1,596. It is part of the Springfield, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Sangamon County, Illinois
Sangamon County is a county located near the center of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 196,343. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield, the state capital.

Sangamon County is included in the Springfield, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
U.D. Leiria
União Desportiva de Leiria (Portuguese pronunciation: [uniˈɐ̃w dɨ lɐjˈɾiɐ]), commonly known as União de Leiria, is a Portuguese professional football club based in Leiria. Founded on 6 June 1966, it currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2, holding home matches at Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, with a 23,888-seat capacity.

2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup
The 2007 UEFA Intertoto Cup was the 19th and penultimate edition of the competition and took 50 entries. Three rounds were held, and 11 teams qualified for the second qualifying round of the UEFA Cup. The draw took place at UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland on 23 April 2007. The overall champion was Hamburg after they progressed further than the other Intertoto sides in the UEFA Cup.
Temple Bar, Dublin
Temple Bar (Irish: Barra an Teampaill) is an area on the south bank of the River Liffey in central Dublin, Ireland. The area is bounded by the Liffey to the north, Dame Street to the south, Westmoreland Street to the east and Fishamble Street to the west. It is promoted as Dublin's 'cultural quarter' and, as a centre of Dublin's city centre's nightlife, is a tourist destination. Temple Bar is in the Dublin 2 postal district.

Dublin 2
Dublin 2, also rendered as D2 and D02, is a historic postal district on the southside of Dublin, Ireland. In the 1960s, this central district became a focus for office development. More recently, it became a focus for urban residential development. The district saw some of the heaviest fighting during Ireland's Easter Rising.
Franco-Ottoman alliance
The Franco-Ottoman alliance or Franco-Turkish alliance was established in 1536 between Francis I, King of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire. The strategic and sometimes tactical alliance was one of the longest-lasting and most important foreign alliances of France, and was particularly influential during the Italian Wars. The Franco-Ottoman military alliance reached its peak with the Invasion of Corsica in 1553, during the reign of Henry II of France.

As the first non-ideological alliance in effect between a Christian and Muslim state, it attracted heavy controversy for its time and caused a scandal throughout Christendom. Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1947) called it "the sacrilegious union of the lily and the crescent". It lasted intermittently for more than two and a half centuries, until the Napoleonic campaign in Ottoman Egypt from 1798 to 1801.

Capitulation (treaty)
A capitulation is a treaty or unilateral contract by which a sovereign state relinquishes jurisdiction within its borders over the subjects of a foreign state. As a result, the foreign subjects are immune, for most civil and criminal purposes, from actions by courts and other governmental institutions in the state that makes the capitulation.

The term capitulation is derived from the Latin word caput.
Victoria Street, Singapore
Victoria Street is a major two-way road in Singapore. It links Kallang Road in the northeast with Hill Street in the southwest. En route, Victoria Street passes through the planning areas of Kallang, Rochor, Downtown Core and Museum. The road is lined with a mix of heritage landmarks, religious institutions, retail centres and educational facilities. Historically, it has served as a key axis connecting older civic spaces with newer commercial zones.

Museum Planning Area
The Museum Planning Area is a planning area located in the Central Area of the Central Region of Singapore. The area plays a "bridging role" between the Orchard area and the Downtown Core, which necessitates proper transport networks for vehicles, pedestrians and public transport. Due to the sheer size of green areas in the district, the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has designated it a 'green lung' in the Central Area. However, the Museum Planning Area is also home to cultural and commercial activities. Around 65% of the area is available for future development, making it a hotbed for new infrastructure and buildings.

Museum planning area is bounded by the planning areas of Newton and Rochor to the north, the Downtown Core to the southeast, Singapore River to the south, River Valley to the west and Orchard to the northwest. It is divided itself into three subzones, Bras Basah, Dhoby Ghaut and Fort Canning, home to Fort Canning Hill.
Estudillo family of California
The Estudillo family is a prominent Californio family of Southern California. Members of the family held extensive ranchos and numerous important positions, including California State Treasurer, mayor of San Diego, and commandant of the Presidio of San Diego.

José Joaquín Estudillo
José Joaquín Estudillo (May 7, 1800 – June 7, 1852) was a Californio statesman and ranchero who served as the 2nd Alcalde of San Francisco (then known as Yerba Buena). A member of the prominent Estudillo family of California, he is also considered the founder of the city of San Leandro.
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (PUST), also known as the Angelicum or Collegio Angelico (in honor of its patron, the Doctor Angelicus Thomas Aquinas), is a pontifical university located in the historic center of Rome, Italy. The Angelicum is administered by the Dominican Order and is the order's central locus of Thomistic theology and philosophy.

The Angelicum is coeducational and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees in theology, philosophy, canon law, and social sciences, as well as certificates and diplomas in related areas.  Courses are offered in Italian and some in English. The Angelicum is staffed by clergy and laity and serves both religious and lay students from around the world.

Theologian of the Pontifical Household
In the Roman Catholic Church, Theologian of the Pontifical Household (Latin: Pontificalis Domus Doctor Theologus) is a Roman Curial office which has always been entrusted to a Friar Preacher of the Dominican Order and may be described as the pope's theologian. The title was formerly known as the Master of the Sacred Apostolic Palace (Latin: Magister Sacri Palatii Apostolici) before the changes implemented in Pope Paul VI's 1968 apostolic letter Pontificalis Domus.
Actaea asiatica
Actaea asiatica, commonly known as Asian baneberry, is a species of baneberry that ranges throughout Asia. The flowers are ranges from gray to white. The berries are black-purple. The plant is extremely poisonous to humans. The fruits are eaten by birds which disperse the seeds.

Actaea (plant)
Actaea, commonly called baneberry, bugbane and cohosh, is a genus of flowering plants of the family Ranunculaceae, native to subtropical, temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America.
Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya (Catalan pronunciation: [siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə]) is a 4.657 km (2.894 mi) motorsport race track in Montmeló, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. With long straights and a variety of corners, the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit. The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.

Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya, before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track's title.

Montmeló
Montmeló (Catalan pronunciation: [ˌmomːəˈlo]) is a municipality in the comarca of Vallès Oriental, within the Barcelona metropolitan area, in Catalonia, Spain. It contains the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, which is the home of the Formula One Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix, and was the home of the Spanish Grand Prix until 2025, and the home of MotoGP Catalan Grand Prix.
2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the fifteen U.S. representatives from the State of Ohio, one from each of the state's congressional districts. The elections coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, a special election to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary elections will take place on May 5, 2026.

2026 United States House of Representatives elections
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections are scheduled to be held on Tuesday, November 3, 2026, as part of the 2026 midterm elections during President Donald Trump's second, non-consecutive term. Voters will elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states, and five of the six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories.

Special elections may also be held on dates throughout 2026. Numerous other federal, state, and local elections, including elections to the Senate, will be held on this date. The winners of this election will serve in the 120th United States Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2020 United States census and revised district maps as a result of the 2025–2026 United States redistricting.
Listed buildings in Holme St Cuthbert
Holme St Cuthbert is a civil parish in the Cumberland unitary authority area of Cumbria, England. It contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England.  All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest".  The parish contains the villages and hamlets of Holme St Cuthbert, Edderside, Mawbray, Newtown, New Cowper, and Beckfoot, and the surrounding countryside.  The listed buildings consist of houses, farmhouses, farm buildings, and a chapel.

New Cowper
New Cowper (pronounced and occasionally written New Cooper) is a hamlet in the civil parish of Holme St. Cuthbert in Cumbria, England. It is located three-and-a-half miles south-east of the village of Mawbray, one-and-a-half miles north-west of Westnewton, and twenty-one-and-a-half miles south-west of Carlisle, Cumbria's county town.
Barbudans
The Barbudans (Barbudan Creole: Baabyuudan an' dey) are an ethnic group native to the island of Barbuda in the eastern Caribbean, primarily of Fante and other Coromantee ancestry. The Barbudans speak Barbudan Creole and the Barbudan dialect of English. The Barbudans make up the majority of the African descendant population in Barbuda, and are also located in various other English-speaking developed countries.

Barbudan Creole
Barbudan Creole is a variety of Antiguan and Barbudan Creole primarily spoken by Barbudans. The dialect is more distant from the dialects of the language spoken in Antigua than that of Montserrat, and the creole largely developed separately from Antiguan Creole due to the isolation of the island and Barbuda having very few English inhabitants during colonial times. As nearly all Barbudans are of Fante ancestry, the creole also tends to be more influenced by the Fante dialect. The past tense marker min is a distinctive feature of the dialect.
Succession to the Nepalese throne
The Rolls of Succession in Rana or Rollkram Pratha was the official order of succession of the Rana Dynasty of Nepal. This order was regulated not only through descent, but also by lineage. It was established by Jung Bahadur Rana as a formal ranking of all of his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Elisha Reynolds Potter
Elisha Reynolds Potter (November 5, 1764 – September 26, 1835) was a statesman in the Federalist Party from Kingston, Rhode Island, who served several times as the Speaker in the Rhode Island State Assembly.

Tavern Hall Preservation Society
The Tavern Hall Preservation Society is a not-for-profit corporation dedicated to the preservation and upkeep of the Elisha Reynolds House (1738) in Kingston, Rhode Island. The society was founded as the Tavern Hall Club in 1911 to foster understanding and cooperation between the people of the Village of Kingston and the nearby Rhode Island State College community.
Gladiolus angustus
Gladiolus angustus is a species of gladiolus known by the common name long-tubed painted lady. It is native to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.

This flower is an herb growing from a papery corm and reaching 30 to 60 centimeters in height. It has basal sword-shaped leaves with prominent midveins. Each scape has two or three flowers with lance-shaped bracts. The funnel-shaped flowers are white or cream, sometimes tinted with pink. It usually blooms from spring to early summer, from October to November.  The fruit often do not develop. This plant is native to South Africa but has become invasive elsewhere and naturalized in many places, especially Australia.

A close-up of Gladiolus angustus in flower.

An image showing Gladiolus angustus in its natural habitat.

Gladiolus
Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of gladius, a sword) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae).

It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural gladioli).

The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The genera Acidanthera, Anomalesia, Homoglossum, and Oenostachys, formerly considered distinct, are now included in Gladiolus.
Diedrichshagener Berg
The Diedrichshagener Berg, at 129.8 metres, is the highest point on the forested ridge of Kühlung in the northeast German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

It is located in the district of Rostock only roughly southeast of the Bay of Mecklenburg, south of the Baltic Sea coast, and immediately south of Kühlungsborn and roughly west of Bad Doberan.

View looking towards Kröpelin

On the Diedrichshagener Berg

Kühlung
The Kühlung is a forested ridge, up to 129.8 m above sea level (NHN), in the north German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The name is derived from the word Kuhlen (referring to the extensive fissuring of the northern slope).
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (26 June 1600 – 1 October 1659) was a Spanish politician, administrator, and Catholic clergyman in 17th century Spain and a viceroy of Mexico.

Palafox was the Bishop of Puebla (1640−1655), and the interim Archbishop of Mexico (1640−1642). He also held political office, from 10 June 1642 to 23 November 1642 as the Viceroy of New Spain. He lost a high-profile struggle with the Jesuits in New Spain, resulting in a recall to Spain, to the Diocese of Osma in Old Castile. Although a case was opened for his beatification shortly after he died in 1659, he was not designated "Blessed" until 2011.

García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra
Don Diego García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra, 2nd Marquess of Sobroso (Spanish: Don García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, Marqués de Sobroso y segundo Conde de Salvatierra) (c. 1595, Spain – 26 June 1659, Lima) was a Spanish viceroy of New Spain (23 November 1642 to 13 May 1648) and of Peru (1648 to 1655). He was the 2nd Count of Salvatierra.
Polar climate
The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers but with varying winters. Every month a polar climate has an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F). Regions with a polar climate cover more than 20% of the Earth's area. Most of these regions are far from the equator and near the poles, and in this case, winter days are extremely short and summer days are extremely long. They could last for the entirety of each season or longer.

A polar climate consists of cool summers and very cold winters, or, in the case of ice cap climates, no real summer at all, which results in treeless tundras, glaciers, or a permanent or semi-permanent layer of ice. It is identified with the letter E in the Köppen climate classification.

Polar regions of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North Pole and the South Pole), lying within the polar circles. These high latitudes are dominated by floating sea ice covering much of the Arctic Ocean in the north, and by the Antarctic ice sheet on the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the south.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Colfax County, New Mexico
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Colfax County, New Mexico.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States.  Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 30 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks. All of the places within the county on the National Register are also listed on the State Register of Cultural Properties with the exception of the Folsom Site and Raton Pass National Historic Landmarks.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted September 26, 2025.

Raton Pass
Ratón Pass is a 7,834 ft (2,388 m) elevation mountain pass on the Colorado–New Mexico border in the western United States.  It is located on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains between Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico, approximately 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Santa Fe. Ratón is Spanish for "mouse".  The pass crosses the line of volcanic mesas that extends east from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains along the state line, and furnishes the most direct land route between the valley of the Arkansas River to the north and the upper valley of the Canadian River, leading toward Santa Fe, to the south.  The pass now carries Interstate 25 and railroad tracks.

The pass is a historically significant landmark on the Santa Fe Trail, a major 19th-century settlement route between Kansas City, Missouri and Santa Fe.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960 for this association.