hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waste Incineration Directive
The Waste Incineration Directive, more formally Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste (OJ L332, P91 – 111), was a Directive issued by the European Union and relates to standards and methodologies required by Europe for the practice and technology of incineration. The aim of this Directive is to minimise the impact of negative environmental effects on the environment and human health resulting from emissions to air, soil, surface and ground water from the incineration and co-incineration of waste. The requirements of the Directive were developed to reflect the ability of modern incineration plants to achieve high standards of emission control more effectively. The Directive has been replaced by the Industrial Emissions Directive since 7 January 2014.

Industrial Emissions Directive
The Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) (Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)) is a European Union directive which commits European Union member states to control and reduce the impact of industrial emissions on the environment. The directive aims to lower emissions from industrial production through an integrated approach. The directive uses a polluter pays to assign the cost of the updates to the plant. The plan to lower emissions is based on Best available technology to help reach the goals of the directive. The plan allows for flexibility given the best available technology; exemptions to the directive can be granted to firms as well if the cost is greater than the benefit. This directive has been amended with EU Directive 2024/1785.
Queen and Crescent Route
The Queen and Crescent Route was a cooperative railroad route in the Southeastern U.S., connecting Cincinnati (the "Queen City") with New Orleans (the "Crescent City") and Shreveport.  Inaugurated in the 1880s, the name was retained by Southern Railway when they consolidated ownership of the entire route in 1926, and given to their named passenger train for the route through 1949.

Alabama Great Southern Railroad
The Alabama Great Southern Railroad (reporting mark AGS) is a railroad in the U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. It is an operating subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS), running southwest from Chattanooga (where it connects with the similarly owned Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway) to New Orleans through Birmingham and Meridian. The AGS also owns about a 30% interest in the Canadian Pacific Kansas City-controlled Meridian-Shreveport Meridian Speedway.

In 1970 AGS reported 3854 million net ton-miles (5627 million net tonne-kilometers) of revenue freight and 105 million passenger miles (169 million passenger kilometers); at the end of that year it operated 528 miles (850 km) of road and 1,084 miles (1,745 km) of track. (Those totals do not include Class II subsidiary Louisiana Southern.)
Piano Sonata No. 28 (Beethoven)
The Piano Sonata No. 28 in A major, Op. 101, by Ludwig van Beethoven was composed in 1816 and published in 1817. Dedicated to the pianist Baroness Dorothea Ertmann, née Graumen, it is considered the first of the composer's late piano sonatas.

This sonata marks the beginning of what is generally regarded as Beethoven's final period, where the forms are more complex, ideas more wide-ranging, textures more polyphonic, and the treatment of the themes and motifs even more sophisticated than before. Op. 101 well exemplified this new style, and Beethoven exploits the newly expanded keyboard compass of the day.

Canon (music)
In music, a canon is a contrapuntal (counterpoint-based) compositional technique that employs a melody with one or more imitations of the melody played after a given duration (e.g., quarter rest, one measure, etc.). The initial melody is called the leader (or dux), while the imitative melody, which is played in a different voice, is called the follower (or comes). The follower must imitate the leader, either as an exact replication of its rhythms and intervals or some transformation thereof. Repeating canons in which all voices are musically identical are called rounds—familiar singalong versions of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat" and "Frère Jacques" that call for each successive group of voices to begin the same song a bar or two after the previous group began are popular examples.

An accompanied canon is a canon accompanied by one or more additional independent parts that do not imitate the melody.
Durumagi
Durumagi (Korean: 두루마기; lit. closed all around) is a variety of po, or overcoat, in hanbok, the traditional Korean attire. It is a form of outerwear that is usually worn as the topmost layer of clothing over a jeogori (jacket) and baji (pants).: 120

It also goes by the names jumagui (주막의; 周莫衣), juchaui (주차의; 周遮衣), or juui (주의; 周衣),

The name Durumagi is derived from the fact that it is 'closed all around,' distinguishing it from other types of po which typically have slits.

Originating from the Hobok(호복, attire of the northern nomads), the Durumagi has been worn from the Three Kingdoms period to the present day. Once a narrow-sleeved everyday garment, it was elevated to ceremonial status during the reign of King Gojong of the Joseon Dynasty. For the first time in history, it became a formal outfit worn equally by everyone, regardless of gender, age, or social status.

Jeogori
Jeogori or tseogori (Korean: 저고리; Korean pronunciation: [t͡ɕʌ̹ɡo̞ɾi]) is a basic upper garment of the hanbok, a traditional Korean garment, which has been worn by both men and women. Men usually wear the jeogori with a baji or pants while women wear the jeogori with chima, or skirts. It covers the arms and upper part of the wearer's body.
Tourism in Nicaragua
Tourism in Nicaragua has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country.

The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.

In mid-2018, tourism in Nicaragua came to a virtual standstill due to the 2018–2021 Nicaraguan protests.

Protected areas of Nicaragua
The protected areas of Nicaragua are areas that have natural beauty or significance and are protected by Nicaragua. Nicaragua has 78 protected areas that cover 22,422 km2, about 17.3% of the nations landmass. The National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) is administered by the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA).
Apollonieis
Apollonieis (Ancient Greek: Ἀπολλωνιείς) was a deme of ancient Attica, of the phyle of Attalis, sending five delegates to the Athenian Boule. It was established in 200 BCE and named after Apollonis of Cyzicus, wife of Attalus I.

Its site is unlocated.

Attalis
Attalis (Ancient Greek: Ἀτταλίς) was a tribe (phyle) added by the ancient Athenians to the previous list of 11 Athenian tribes in the spring of 200 B.C. just a few months after the "Macedonian" tribes Antigonis and Demetrias were dissolved. The tribe was named after Attalos I, King of Pergamon, on occasion of his visit to Athens.

The Monument of the Eponymous Heroes had two statues (of the Macedonian kings Antigonos I and Demetrios I) removed and one, for Attalos, added, starting the so-called Period IV.

The Athenians placed the phyle on the 12th and last place of their list (three centuries later they were moved to the 13th place with introduction of Adrianis), but modern researchers use the Roman numeral XIV to designate Attalis.

The 12 demes that formed Attalis were collected from all 11 existing tribes ("rule-of-one"), with the twelfth, Apollonieis, newly created and named after Apollonis of Cyzicus, wife of Attalos I.
VirtualLink
VirtualLink was a proposed USB-C Alternate Mode that was historically intended to allow the power, video, and data required to power virtual reality headsets to be delivered over a single USB-C cable instead of a set of three different cables as it was in older headsets. The standard was supported by Nvidia, AMD, HTC Vive, Oculus VR, Valve, and Microsoft. The VirtualLink Consortium was chaired by Rambo Jacoby representing Nvidia.

HTC Vive
HTC Vive is a line of virtual and mixed reality headsets produced by HTC Corporation. The brand currently encompasses headsets designed for use with personal computers as well as standalone headsets such as the Vive Focus line, Vive Flow glasses, and the Vive Elite XR headset.

The first-generation Vive was announced in 2015, as part of a collaboration with video game studio and distributor Valve Corporation, and implementing its VR software and hardware platform SteamVR; the first-generation consumer model was released in April 2016. It has since been succeeded by newer models with upgraded specifications. HTC has also released accessories that integrate with the Vive and SteamVR, including sensors for motion capture and facial capture.

Since 2021, HTC has targeted the Vive line towards the business and enterprise markets, moving away from the consumer market.
Mauregatus
Mauregatus the Usurper (Spanish: Mauregato) was the king of Asturias from 783 to 788 or 789. He was an illegitimate son of Alfonso I, supposedly by a Moorish serf. He usurped the throne on the death of Silo, the husband of his half sister Adosinda, earning himself the nickname of the Usurper. The nobility had elected Alfonso II at Adosinda's insistence, but Mauregatus assembled a large army of supporters and forced Alfonso into exile in Álava.

According to folklore, Mauregatus and Moorish rulers agreed to the apocryphal "Tribute of the 100 Maidens,"  which gifted the Moors 100 Asturian virgins annually as repayment for their assistance in Mauregatus' rise to the throne. This arrangement supposedly ended after Ramiro I's defeat of the Moors at the legendary Battle of Clavijo.

After six years in power, he died of natural causes in 789 and was buried in the Church of San Juan Apóstol y Evangelista in Pravia. Following his death, Bermudo I was chosen as his successor.

Adosinda
Adosinda was the queen of Asturias during the reign of her husband, Silo, from 774 to 783. She was a daughter of Alfonso I and Ermesinda, daughter of the first Asturian king, Pelayo. She was a sister of Fruela I.

Her husband probably succeeded in becoming King because he was related by marriage to both of the previous ruling families. Some scholars have even posited a matrilineal succession. Since she gave Silo no heir, her nephew Alfonso II was proclaimed king upon Silo's death. Alfonso II was expelled from the realm by Mauregatus, who was an illegitimate son of Alfonso I and thus Adosinda's half-brother. On 26 November 783, Adosinda was put in the monastery of San Juan de Pravia, where she lived out the rest of her life.
Cole Konrad
Cole Konrad (born April 2, 1984) is an American retired mixed martial arts fighter. Konrad won a gold medal at the 2005 Pan-American Championships. He won the NCAA wrestling championships in 2006 and 2007 at 285 pounds and finished third at the 2006 World University Championships at 120 kilograms. He was the first Bellator Heavyweight World Champion.

Bellator MMA
Bellator MMA (formerly Bellator Fighting Championships) was an American mixed martial arts promotion founded in 2008 by Bjorn Rebney and operated until 2025. The promotion takes its name from bellātor, the Latin word for "warrior". Bellator's first event was in 2009, and the promotion held 313 "numbered" events.

Bellator was considered the second largest MMA promotion in the United States, and one of the largest combat sport promotions in the world. Paramount Global (formerly Viacom) purchased majority ownership of Bellator from Rebney in 2011, with Paramount's television networks serving as the promotion's media broadcasters in the United States. On November 20, 2023, after then-broadcast home Showtime announced the discontinuation of its sports division, Bellator MMA was acquired by the Professional Fighters League (PFL).
Tennebø
Tennebø is a village in Kinn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  It is a suburb of the town of Måløy, the centre of which is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away. The village of Deknepollen, another suburb of Måløy lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the northwest. The lake Deknepollvatnet is just north of the village of Tennebø. The village sits along the Skavøypollen, a small bay off the main Nordfjorden. To the east, the village of Bryggja is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away.

The population in 1999 was 481, but since 2001 it has been considered a part of the urban area of Måløy, so specific population figures are not available.

Bryggja
Bryggja is a village in southwestern part of Stad Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  It is located on the mainland, along the northern shore of the Nordfjorden. The village is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of the urban areas of Måløy–Deknepollen–Tennebø in Kinn Municipality and it is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of the village of Stårheim. The small village of Totland lies just west of Bryggja.

The 0.42-square-kilometre (100-acre) village has a population (2024) of 364 and a population density of 867 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,250/sq mi).
Rangifer (constellation)
Rangifer was a small northern circumpolar constellation between the constellations of Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis.  It was also known as Tarandus. Both words mean "reindeer" in Latin.  "Rangifer" is the generic name of the reindeer, and "tarandus" is the specific name. The constellation may also be referred to as Renne.

The constellation was found in the northern sky near the now obsolete constellation of Custos Messium (the harvest keeper).

The constellation is no longer in use. In 2025, the IAU Working Group on Star Names adopted the names Rangifer and Tarandus for the stars 49 Cassiopeiae and 2 Ursae Minoris, respectively, after the obsolete constellation.

Custos Messium
Custos Messium (Latin for harvest-keeper) — also known as “Vineyard Keeper," “Le Messier,” "Mietitore," and "Erndtehüter" — was a constellation created by Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande to honor Charles Messier. It was introduced in 1775, and was located between the constellations Camelopardalis, Cassiopeia, Cepheus,  and next to another subsequently abandoned constellation, Rangifer the Reindeer. Custos Messium is no longer recognized.
Lee Cheuk-yan
Lee Cheuk-yan (Chinese: 李卓人; born 12 February 1957 in Shanghai) is a Hong Kong politician and social activist. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1995 to 2016, when he lost his seat. He represented the Kowloon West and the Manufacturing constituencies briefly in 1995 and had been representing the New Territories West constituency from 1998 to 2016. He is a former trade union leader, former General Secretary of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions, as well as former chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China. He has been jailed since April 2021 for his role in the Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests, having been sentenced for organizing two unauthorized assemblies; for an alleged offence of subversion of the state, no trial date has been set as of February 2024.

Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
The Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU) was a pro-democracy labour and political group in the Hong Kong. It was established on 29 July 1990. It had 160,000 members in 61 affiliates (mainly trade unions in various sectors) and representation in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) to challenge government policies and push for legal protection of worker and trade union rights. It was one of the two most influential labour groups in Hong Kong, with the other one being the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions.
Garlenda
Garlenda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Savona.

It bordered to the north by the municipality of Villanova d'Albenga, on the south by Stellanello Andora and, to the west with Casanova Lerrone and east Villanova d'Albenga .

Villanova d'Albenga
Villanova d'Albenga (Ligurian: Villanêuva d'Arbenga) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Savona in the Italian region Liguria, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Genoa and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Savona.

Villanova d'Albenga borders the following municipalities: Alassio, Albenga, Andora, Casanova Lerrone, Garlenda, and Ortovero.
Al-Wehdat refugee camp
Amman New Camp, usually known as the Al-Wehdat or Al-Wihdat camp (Arabic: مخيم الوحدات, romanized: mukhayyam al-Wiḥdāt), which is located in the Hay Al Awdah neighbourhood in southeast Amman, the capital city of Jordan, occupies a 0.48 km2 (0.19 sq mi). Of the ten recognized Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan, Al-Wehdat is the second largest, with a population of roughly 57,000 registered refugees, which includes 8,400 students. The United Nation body responsible for administrating Palestinian refugee camps, is the Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

Al-Wehdat SC
Al-Wehdat Sports Club (Arabic: نادي الوحدات الرياضي) is a Jordanian sports club founded in 1956. Its football team competes in the Jordanian Pro League, the top flight of Jordanian football.

The club is based in and represents the Palestinian refugee camp Al-Wehdat in Amman. The football team's home games are played at King Abdullah II Stadium (cap. 13,265).
Unix time
Unix time is a date and time representation widely used in computing. It measures time by the number of non-leap seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970, the Unix epoch. For example, at midnight on 1 January 2010, Unix time was 1262304000.

Unix time originated as the system time of Unix operating systems. It has come to be widely used in other computer operating systems, file systems, programming languages, and databases. In modern computing, values are sometimes stored with higher granularity, such as microseconds or nanoseconds.

C date and time functions
The C date and time functions are a group of functions in the standard library of the C programming language implementing date and time manipulation operations. They provide support for time acquisition, conversion between date formats, and formatted output to strings.
HEC Paris
HEC Paris (French: École des hautes études commerciales de Paris, lit. 'Paris School of Advanced Business Studies') is a business school and grande école located in Jouy-en-Josas, a southwestern outer suburb of Paris, France. It offers Bachelor, MiM, MSc in International Finance, MBA, EMBA, executive education, professional development, professional certification, and PhD programs.

Global Alliance in Management Education
The CEMS – The Global Alliance in Management Education, or CEMS (formerly The Community of European Management Schools and International Companies), is a collaboration of leading business schools and universities with multinational companies and NGOs. The CEMS Global Alliance includes 34 academic institutions on every continent, nearly 70 corporate partners, and 8 social partners (NGOs) from around the globe. CEMS administers the delivery of the CEMS MIM (Master in International Management) degree in its member schools, supports the CEMS Alumni Association (CAA), and facilitates general cooperation among its members.
Miss Venezuela
Miss Venezuela (Spanish: Organización Miss Venezuela) is a Venezuelan beauty pageant operated by the Cisneros Group. Founded in 1952, it currently selects Venezuelan representatives to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss International. The current national director of Miss Venezuela is Miss Universe 2013 Gabriela Isler.

The current Miss Venezuela is Clara Vegas Goetz of Miranda who was crowned on 4 December 2025 at the Centro Comercial Líder in Caracas, Venezuela.

Nina Sicilia
Alejandrina “Nina” Sicilia Hernández (born December 3, 1962) is a Venezuelan model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss International 1985 in Japan. she was the first Miss International from Venezuela.
Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division
The Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (Oregon OSHA or OR-OSHA) is a state government agency that regulates workplace safety and health in the U.S. state of Oregon. Oregon OSHA is a division of the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services and operates under a formal state-plan agreement with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Oregon OSHA's regulatory authority comes from the Oregon Safe Employment Act (OSEA); its jurisdiction covers most public and private sector workplaces in the state. Oregon OSHA's expressed mission is "to advance and improve workplace safety and health for all workers in Oregon."

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; /ˈoʊʃə/) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.: 12, 16  The United States Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance". The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of whistleblower statutes and regulations. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects on employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.
Peugeot (cycling team)
Peugeot team was a French professional cycling team that promoted and rode Peugeot racing bikes.

It is listed as the most successful cycling team of all time on cyclingranking.com, with a large margin on the second placed team, Alcyon.

Crédit Agricole (cycling team)
Crédit Agricole (UCI team code: C.A) was a French professional cycling team sponsored by the French bank Crédit Agricole from 1998 to 2008. Prior to 1997, the team was known as Vêtements Z–Peugeot (1987), Z–Peugeot (1988–89), Z (1990–92) and GAN (1993–98). In 1990, the team's leading cyclist, the American Greg LeMond, won the Tour de France. The team also won the team title at the Tour de France that year. Crédit Agricole announced that they would cease to sponsor the team after 2008, and the team was subsequently disbanded.