hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Onset of deconfinement
The onset of deconfinement refers to the beginning of the creation of deconfined states of strongly interacting matter produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions with increasing collision energy (a quark–gluon plasma).

The onset of deconfinement was predicted by Marek Gazdzicki and Mark I. Gorenstein to be located in the low energy range of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). These predictions have been confirmed by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS within the energy scan programme. The most famous of these is the "horn"  in the ratio of mean multiplicities of positively charged kaons and pions observed in collisions of two lead nuclei at the low energies of the SPS.

Strangeness production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is used for the detection of the onset of deconfinement.

Deconfinement
In physics, deconfinement (in contrast to confinement) is a phase of matter in which certain particles are allowed to exist as free excitations, rather than only within bound states. Essentially like the early universe, "strongly interacting particles at high temperature or density are expected to produce weakly interacting “deconfined” quarks and gluons [...] the famous quarkgluon plasma."
Custaloga
Custaloga (also known as Kustaloga, Tuscologas, Packanke, or Pakanke) was a chief of the Wolf Clan of the Delaware (Lenape) tribe in the mid-18th century. He initially supported the French at the beginning of the French and Indian War, but after Pontiac's War he participated in peace negotiations. He opposed the presence of Catholic missionaries, but later in life he became favorable to the Moravians. Captain Pipe was his nephew and succeeded him as chief.: 31

Kuskusky
Kuskusky, also known as the Kuskuskies Towns, Kuskuskie Towns, or Kuskuskies' Indian Town, with a wide variety of other spellings, were several Native American communities inhabited near New Castle, Mahoning, and Edinburg, Pennsylvania, and Youngstown, Ohio, during the mid-18th century. It was not one town, but three or four contiguous towns of the Mingoes, Lenape, and Seneca, located along the Beaver River, at and above the junction of its east and west branches, the Mahoning River and the Shenango River. It is usually referred to in the plural.: 340
KTHC
KTHC (95.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sidney, Montana, and serving northeast Montana and northwest North Dakota including the cities of Sidney, Montana and Williston, North Dakota. The station, also known as "Mix 95.1", has a 24-hour hot adult contemporary format.

It also has two sister stations, KEYZ and KYYZ. All three stations are owned by Townsquare Media, and are located at 410 6th Street East, on Williston's east side.

On September 25, 2023, KTHC changed its format from top 40/CHR to hot adult contemporary, branded as "Mix 95.1".

Sidney, Montana
Sidney is a city in and the county seat of Richland County, Montana, United States, less than 10 mi (16 km) west of the North Dakota border.  The population was 6,346 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 6,031 in 2024. The city lies along the Yellowstone River.  Sidney is approximately midway between Glendive, Montana and Williston, North Dakota.
Discalced
A discalced (/dɪsˈkælst/ dis-KALST) religious order is one whose members go barefoot or wear sandals. These orders are often distinguished on this account from other branches of the same order. The custom of going unshod was introduced into the West by Saint Francis of Assisi for men and by Saint Clare of Assisi for women.

The word is derived from the Latin discalceātus, from dis ("apart", "away") and calceātus ("shod"), from calceāre ("to provide with shoes"), from calceus ("shoe"), from calx ("heel").

Barefoot
Being barefoot is the state of not wearing any footwear.

There are health benefits and some risks associated with going barefoot. Shoes, while they offer protection, can limit the flexibility, strength, and mobility of the foot and can lead to higher incidences of flexible flat foot, bunions, hammer toe, and Morton's neuroma. Walking and running barefoot results in a more natural gait, allowing for a more rocking motion of the foot, eliminating the hard heel strike and generating less collision force in the foot and lower leg.

There are many sports that are performed barefooted, most notably gymnastics, martial arts and swimming, but also beach volleyball, barefoot running, barefoot hiking, and barefoot waterskiing.
Eden, Maryland
Eden is a census-designated place (CDP) in Somerset County, Maryland, United States. The Eden zip code (21822) also includes parts of Wicomico and Worcester counties. The population was 793 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Salisbury metropolitan area
The Salisbury, MD Metropolitan Statistical Area is a United States Census Bureau–designated metropolitan area centered in and around Salisbury, Maryland, including two counties in Maryland: Somerset and Wicomico.  Until 2023, the Salisbury MSA also included Worcester County.

Under the previous CBSA definition, the metropolitan area had a population of 423,481 residents as of the 2020 census. In addition, under the previous Combined Statistical Area definition, the Salisbury-Cambridge, MD-DE Combined Statistical Area of the Salisbury metropolitan area with the Cambridge micropolitan statistical area had a total 2020 population of 456,012.
Dimethylamine
Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 271,000 tons were produced in 2005.

Methylamine
Methylamine, also known as methanamine, is an organic compound with a formula of CH3NH2. This colorless gas is a derivative of ammonia, but with one hydrogen atom being replaced by a methyl group. It is the simplest primary amine.

Methylamine is sold as a solution in methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, or water, or as the anhydrous gas in pressurized metal containers. Industrially, methylamine is transported in its anhydrous form in pressurized railcars and tank trailers. It has a strong odor similar to rotten fish. Methylamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of numerous other commercially available compounds.
Sexteto Habanero
The Sexteto Habanero was a Cuban son sextet founded in 1920 in Havana. It played an important part in the early history of the genre, contributing to its popularization all around Cuba. In 1927, the band incorporated a cornet player becoming the Septeto Habanero. Although most original members left in the 1930s, the band has continued to perform and record with different line-ups. Their last album was released in 2010 for their 90th anniversary.

Germán Pedro Ibáñez
Germán Pedro Ibáñez (October 11, 1928 – August 9, 2007) was the director of Son Cubano musical group Septeto Habanero.

Ibáñez, who was born in Las Villas, conducted the group for over four decades, during which they recorded some 50 albums.

The group were the first to record in New York City the son in 1925, which made the son fashionable. Ibáñez joined the Septeto Habanero in 1964 and during his lifetime he received numerous awards, including the Distinción por la Cultura Nacional (Distinction by the National Culture), and the medal Alejo Carpentier.
Nyzhnie
Nyzhnie (Ukrainian: Нижнє; Polish: Butelka Niżna) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to the Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is a sister settlement of Verkhne. Both used to be a single village, which was first mentioned in 1558. There is an Orthodox church built in 1870.

Until 18 July 2020, Nyzhnie belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.

Verkhnie
Verkhnie (Ukrainian: Верхнє, before 1946 Ботелка Вижня; Polish: Butelka Wyżna) is a village (selo) in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, in south-west Ukraine. It belongs to Borynia settlement hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

The village is a sister settlement of Nyzhnye. Both used to be a single village, which was first mentioned in 1558. There is an Orthodox church built in years 1913–1914.

Until 18 July 2020, Verkhnie belonged to Turka Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Turka Raion was merged into Sambir Raion.
Richard England (British Army officer, born 1793)
General Sir Richard England, GCB, KH (1793 – 19 January 1883) was a British Army officer, born at Detroit, which was then part of Upper Canada. During the Napoleonic Wars he saw active service in Walcheren, Sicily, and at Waterloo, before commanding regiments and divisions in the Crimean War and in India.

41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot
The 41st (Welch) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1719. Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot to form the Welch Regiment in 1881.
St. Joseph's Church, Aalst
St. Joseph's Church (Dutch: Sint-Jozefkerk) is a neo-Gothic church with basilical construction, located in Aalst, East Flanders, Belgium. Work on the church started in 1868 and was completed in 1908. It is the tallest building in Aalst (91 m).

Aalst, Belgium
Aalst (Dutch pronunciation: [aːlst] ⓘ; French: Alost, pronounced [alɔst]; Brabantian: Oilsjt) is a city and municipality in the province of East Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located on the Dender River, about 31 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Brussels. The municipality comprises the city of Aalst itself and the villages of Baardegem, Erembodegem, Gijzegem, Herdersem, Hofstade, Meldert, Moorsel and Nieuwerkerken; it is the country's tenth largest city by population with  90.068 inhabitants. Aalst is crossed by the Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek in Aalst and Hofstade. The current mayor of Aalst is Christoph D'Haese, from the New-Flemish Alliance party. The town has a long-standing folkloric feud with Dendermonde, north along the same river, which dates from the Middle Ages.
Hymn
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word hymn derives from Greek ὕμνος (hymnos), which means "a song of praise". A writer of hymns is known as a hymnist. The singing or composition of hymns is called hymnody. Collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. Hymns may or may not include instrumental accompaniment. Polyhymnia is the Greek goddess of hymns.

Although most familiar to speakers of English in the context of Christianity, hymns are also a fixture of other world religions, especially on the Indian subcontinent (stotras). Hymns also survive from antiquity, especially from Egyptian and Greek cultures. Some of the oldest surviving examples of notated music are hymns with Greek texts.

Contemporary worship
Contemporary worship is a form of Christian worship that emerged within Western evangelical Protestantism in the 20th century. It was originally confined to the charismatic movement, but is now found in a wide range of churches, including many which do not subscribe to a charismatic theology. Contemporary worship uses contemporary worship music in an informal setting. Congregational singing typically comprises a greater proportion of the service than in conventional forms of worship. Where contemporary worship is practiced in churches with a liturgical tradition, elements of the liturgy are frequently kept to a minimum. The terms historic worship, traditional worship or liturgical worship are sometimes used to describe conventional worship forms and distinguish them from contemporary worship.
Chandos Glass Cone
The Chandos Glass Cone in Bridgwater, in the English county of Somerset, was built in 1725 as a kiln for a glassworks. The remains have been scheduled as an ancient monument.

After a short period of use for glassmaking the kiln was converted to the production of pottery, bricks and tiles, which undertaking continued until 1939. Most of the cone of brickwork was demolished in 1943. The bottom 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in) has been preserved.

Bridgwater
Bridgwater is a historic market town and civil parish in Somerset, England. The town had a population of 41,276 at the 2021 census. Bridgwater is at the edge of the Somerset Levels, in level and well-wooded country. The town lies along both sides of the River Parrett; it has been a major inland port and trading centre since the industrial revolution. Most of its industrial bases still stand today. Its larger neighbour, Taunton, is linked to Bridgwater via a canal, the M5 motorway and the Bristol–Exeter railway line.

Historically, the town had a politically radical tendency. The Battle of Sedgemoor, where the Monmouth Rebellion was finally crushed in 1685, was fought nearby. Notable buildings include the Church of St Mary and Blake Museum, which is a largely restored house in Blake Street and was the birthplace of Admiral Blake in 1598. The town has an arts centre and plays host to the annual Bridgwater Guy Fawkes Carnival.
Ohio State Route 73
State Route 73 (SR 73) is an east–west state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Its western terminus is on U.S. Route 27 in Oxford at the intersection of SR 732. SR 73’s eastern terminus is in Portsmouth at US 23; this is also the southern terminus of SR 104, and the two state routes run concurrently for over 6 miles (9.7 km) from this point north. Once SR 73 enters Scioto County, it is designated as the Scenic Scioto Heritage Trail by the Ohio Department of Transportation.

In combination with SR 32, SR 73's easternmost 31 miles (50 km) are part of the quickest route between Cincinnati and Portsmouth.

Middletown, Ohio
Middletown is a city in Butler and Warren counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 50,987 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Cincinnati metropolitan area in southwest Ohio, 29 miles (47 km) northeast of Cincinnati and 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Dayton.

Incorporated in 1833 and designated a city in 1886, Middletown was formed from parts of Lemon, Turtlecreek, and Franklin townships. It was home to AK Steel Holding Corporation, formerly known as Armco and founded in 1900, whose steel factory in Middletown still operates as part of Cleveland-Cliffs. The city also features Hook Field Municipal Airport, now serving only general aviation, and a regional campus of Miami University. In 1957, Middletown was named an All-America City.
Ricin
Ricin (/ˈraɪsɪn/ RY-sin) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. The median lethal dose (LD50) of ricin for mice is around 22 micrograms per kilogram of body mass via intraperitoneal injection. Oral exposure to ricin is far less toxic. An estimated lethal oral dose in humans is approximately one milligram per kilogram of body mass.

Ricin is a toxalbumin and was first described by Peter Hermann Stillmark, the founder of lectinology. Ricin is chemically similar to robin.

Castor oil
Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans, the seeds of the plant Ricinus communis. The seeds are 40 to 60 percent oil. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor. Its boiling point is 313 °C (595 °F) and its density is 0.961 g/cm3. It includes a mixture of triglycerides in which about 90 percent of fatty acids are ricinoleates. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the other significant components.

Some 270,000–360,000 tonnes (600×10^6–790×10^6 lb) of castor oil are produced annually for a variety of uses, including soaps, lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids, paints, dyes, coatings, inks, cold-resistant plastics, waxes and polishes, nylon, and perfumes.
Victoria (Alberta federal electoral district)
Victoria was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1909 to 1925. This riding was created in 1907, two years after Alberta was created as a province, from parts of Edmonton and Strathcona ridings. It took its name from the Victoria Settlement on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. When first created, it was huge, covering most of the northeast quadrant of the province of Alberta.

The Victoria riding was abolished in 1924 when it was redistributed into Battle River, Camrose, and two newly created ridings, Vegreville and Wetaskiwin.

Vegreville (federal electoral district)
Vegreville was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 1997. This riding was created in 1924 from parts of Strathcona and Victoria ridings.

It was abolished in 1996 when it was merged into Lakeland riding.
Irving Oil
Irving Oil Ltd. is a Canadian privately owned intergenerational gasoline, oil, and natural gas producing and exporting company, a subsidiary of the parent company Irving Group of Companies, one of the largest "private conglomerates" in North America. Irving Oil was established in 1924 by Canadian oil baron and billionaire, Kenneth "K.C." Irving, whose family fortune when he died in 1992 was estimated by Forbes at USD$5 billion. His son, Arthur, became chairman and president of Irving Oil. Arthur Irving died in 2024.

Irving Oil operates Canada's largest refinery, the Irving Oil Refinery, in Saint John, New Brunswick, and Ireland's only refinery, in Whitegate, County Cork, as well as a network of gasoline stations, fleet of oil tankers, real estate and other related assets. Irving Oil's Home Office is located in Uptown Saint John and was officially opened in 2019.

Irving Group of Companies
The Irving Group of Companies is an informal name given to companies owned and controlled by the Irving family of New Brunswick—descendants of Canadian industrialist K.C. Irving: his sons James K. (1928–2024), Arthur (1930–2024), and John (1932–2010), and their respective children.
Thouars
Thouars (pronounced [twaʁ]) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department in western France. On 1 January 2019, the former communes Mauzé-Thouarsais, Missé and Sainte-Radegonde were merged into Thouars.

It is on the River Thouet. Its inhabitants are known as Thouarsais. The Toarcian stage of the Jurassic takes its name from the town.

Louis II de la Trémoille
Louis II de la Trémoille (29 September 1460 – 24 February 1525), also known as La Trimouille, was a French general. He served under three kings: Charles VIII, Louis XII and Francis I. He was killed in combat at the Battle of Pavia.
Joël Suhubiette
Joël Suhubiette (born in 1962) is a contemporary French choral conductor. In particular, he conducts the chamber choir Les Éléments which he founded in Toulouse and with which he received a Victoire de la musique classique in 2006 and the Ensemble Jacques Moderne in Tours.

François Regnard
François Regnard (or Regnart; Douai, fl. 1570s) was a French Renaissance composer. He studied, sang, and later was maître de chapelle at Tournai Cathedral. He is mainly remembered for his settings of Ronsard's chansons.

He was one of five composer brothers of whom the best known was Jacques or Jacob Regnart who spent most of his career in the service of Habsburg emperors Maximilian II and Rudolf II and Archduke Ferdinand in Vienna, Prague and Innsbruck. Two more, Charles and Pascal, were in the chapel of Philip II of Spain. Another brother, Augustin, was canon at Lille. It was Augustin who in 1590 published works of the four other brothers; François as "Franciscus Regnart", Jacobus Regnart, Pascasius Regnart, Carolus Regnart in Novae cantiones sacrae, quator, quinque et sex vocum.
Royal New Zealand Navy
The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; Māori: Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa, lit. 'the Sea War Party of New Zealand') is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. The fleet currently consists of eight ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act 1913, and the subsequent acquisition of the cruiser HMS Philomel, which by 1921 had been moored in Auckland as a training ship. A slow buildup occurred during the interwar period, and then in December 1939 HMS Achilles fought alongside two other Royal Navy cruisers at the Battle of the River Plate against the German ship, Graf Spee.

HMNZS Te Kaha
HMNZS Te Kaha (F77) is one of ten Anzac-class frigates, and one of two serving in the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). The name Te Kaha is Māori, meaning 'fighting prowess' or 'strength' (for further information on this term, see Kaha).
District of Mitrovica
Mitrovica District (Albanian: Rajoni i Mitrovicës; Serbian Cyrillic: Косовскомитровачки округ) is one of the seven districts of Kosovo. Its administrative center and largest city is Mitrovica. The district borders on the District of Peja to the south-west, the District of Pristina to the south and east, and Serbia to the north and northwest.

North Mitrovica
North Mitrovica or North Kosovska Mitrovica, is a town and municipality located in district of Mitrovica in Kosovo. As of 2015, it has a population of 29,460 inhabitants. It covers an area of 11 km2 (4 sq mi).

North Mitrovica is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority. The municipality was established in 2013 after North Kosovo crisis, previously being the settlement of the city of Mitrovica, divided by the Ibar river.

Following the 2013 Brussels Agreement, the municipality is planned to be the administrative center of the Community of Serb Municipalities.
Samantha Poolman
Samantha Poolman (born 4 March 1991), also known as Sam Poolman, is a former Australian netball player. Between 2010 and 2015, Poolman played for NNSW Blues, NNSW Waratahs and Southern Force in the Australian Netball League. Between 2013 and 2016, she played for Adelaide Thunderbirds in the ANZ Championship. She was a member of the Thunderbirds team that won the 2013 ANZ Championship. Between 2017 and 2021, Poolman has played for Giants in Suncorp Super Netball.

2013 Adelaide Thunderbirds season
The 2013 Adelaide Thunderbirds season saw Adelaide Thunderbirds compete in the 2013 ANZ Championship. With a team  captained by Natalie von Bertouch and featuring Erin Bell, Carla Borrego, Renae Hallinan, Rebecca Bulley and Sharni Layton, Adelaide Thunderbirds won both the minor premiership and the overall championship. Having previously won the 2010 ANZ Championship, Thunderbirds became the first team to win a second championship.
Thunderbirds secured the minor premiership with a 64–48 win over Northern Mystics in Round 13. They subsequently defeated Melbourne Vixens 49–39 in the major semi-final and	Queensland Firebirds 50–48 in the grand final to win the championship.