hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Angelika Mlinar
Angelika Rosa Mlinar (born 29 June 1970) is an Austrian and Slovenian politician who served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2014 until 2019. She is a member of NEOS – The New Austria, part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe. She belongs to the minority of Carinthian Slovenes. She is a distinguished fellow of the European Institute for International Law and International Relations.

Carinthian Slovenes
Carinthian Slovenes or Carinthian Slovenians (Slovene: Koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen; Italian: Sloveni della Carinzia) are the minority of Slovene ethnicity, living within borders of the Austrian state of Carinthia, neighboring Slovenia. Their status of the minority group is guaranteed in principle by the Constitution of Austria and under international law, and have seats in the National Ethnic Groups Advisory Council.
Devudu Chesina Manushulu (1973 film)
Devudu Chesina Manushulu (transl. God-made humans) is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language action-drama film directed by V. Ramachandra Rao, produced by G. Hanumantha Rao under the Padmalaya Studios banner and presented by Krishna. The film stars N. T. Rama Rao, Krishna, Jayalalitha and Vijaya Nirmala, with music composed by Ramesh Naidu. The film was a commercial success, and was remade in Hindi as Takkar (1980) under the same banner.

Takkar (1980 film)
Takkar (transl. Collision) is a 1980 Hindi-language action film directed by K. Bapayya. It features an ensemble cast of  Ashok Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Jeetendra, Vinod Mehra, Zeenat Aman, Jaya Prada and Bindiya Goswami with music composed by R. D. Burman. It is produced by G. A. Seshagiri Rao under the Padmalaya Studios banner and presented by Krishna. The film is a remake of the 1973 Telugu movie Devudu Chesina Manushulu. The film is Padmalaya Studios' Bollywood debut and after this they made nearly 20 films.
Nga La language
Matu, also known as Matu Chin, is a Kuki-Chin spoken in Matupi township, Chin State, Myanmar, and also in Mizoram, India by the Matu people.  Matu is the most commonly spoken language in Matupi Township outside of Burmese language, which is the official language of Myanmar. A written script for Matu was created in 1954 by Rev. Johnson and Rev. Ngai Tim.

The Matu dialects share 78%–89% lexical similarity. Matu shares 65%–76% lexical similarity with Rawngtu Chin, and 66%–71% with Thaiphum Chin.

Kuki-Chin languages
The Kuki-Chin languages (also called Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh. Most notable Kuki-Chin-speaking ethnic groups are referred to collectively as the Zo people which includes the Mizo, Kuki, Chin and Zomi people.

Kuki-Chin is alternatively called South-Central Trans-Himalayan (or South Central Tibeto-Burman) by Konnerth (2018), because of negative connotations of the term "Kuki-Chin" for many speakers of languages in this group.

Kuki-Chin is sometimes placed under Kuki-Chin–Naga, a geographical rather than linguistic grouping.
Azzanello
Azzanello (Cremunés: Sanél) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Milan and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Azzanello borders the following municipalities: Borgo San Giacomo, Casalmorano, Castelvisconti, Genivolta, Villachiara.

Genivolta
Genivolta (Soresinese: Geniólta) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cremona in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Cremona.

Genivolta borders the following municipalities: Azzanello, Casalmorano, Cumignano sul Naviglio, Soncino, Soresina, Villachiara.
Formal methods
In computer science, formal methods are mathematically rigorous techniques for the specification, development, analysis, and verification of software and hardware systems. The use of formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical analysis can contribute to the reliability and robustness of a design.

Formal methods employ a variety of theoretical computer science fundamentals, including logic calculi, formal languages, automata theory, control theory, program semantics, type systems, and type theory.

Semantics (programming languages)
In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical logic study of the meaning of programming languages. Semantics assigns computational meaning to valid strings in a programming language syntax. It is closely related to, and often crosses over with, the semantics of mathematical proofs.

Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in that specific language. This can be done by describing the relationship between the input and output of a program, or giving an explanation of how the program will be executed on a certain platform, thereby creating a model of computation.
Cadw
Cadw ([ˈkadu], a Welsh verbal noun meaning "keeping/preserving") is the historic environment service of the Welsh Government and part of the Tourism and Culture group. Cadw works to protect the historic buildings and structures, the landscapes and heritage sites of Wales, to make them available for the public to visit, enjoy, and understand their significance. Cadw manages 127 state-owned properties and sites. It arranges events at its managed properties, provides lectures and teaching sessions, offers heritage walks, and hosts an online shop. Members of the public can become members of Cadw to gain membership privileges.

Cadw marked its 40th year in 2024, by which time more than 33,000 properties, structures and monuments were under its care.

Welsh Archaeological Trusts
The Welsh Archaeological Trusts (Welsh: Ymddiriedolaethau Archaeolegol Cymru) were the four archaeological organisations covering Wales, from their establishment in the mid-1970s until their merger into a single archaeological organisation, Heneb, in 2024.
Julia Cecilia Stretton
Julia Cecilia Stretton (25 November 1812 – 17 July 1878) was an English novelist.

Julia Cecilia Collinson was born on 25 November 1812, the second daughter of ten daughters and five sons of the Reverend John Collinson, rector of Gateshead.  Her siblings included Admiral Richard Collinson and Major General Thomas Bernard Collinson.

In 1831, she married Walter Wilkins, MP for Radnorshire from 1835 to 1840.  In 1839, they changed their names to Walter and Julia de Winton.  They had two sons and a daughter before he died in 1840.  In 1857, she married William Richard Stretton, who died in 1868.

Her first publication was a children's book called The Lonely Island In 1852.  She went on to publish a number of novels, including Margaret and Her Bridesmaids (1856) and The Valley of a Hundred Fires (1860). She also contributed two stories to Somebody's Luggage (1862), a Christmas issue of Charles Dickens' periodical All the Year Round.

Julia Cecilia Stretton died on 17 July 1878.

Thomas Bernard Collinson
Major General Thomas Bernard Collinson (17 November 1821 – 1 May 1902) was an English military engineer of the Corps of Royal Engineers who carried out the earliest British surveys of Hong Kong, and planned roads and other early military and civil engineering works in New Zealand. Immediately prior to retirement, he was architect to the Scottish Prison Commission.
Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription
The Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription (Burmese: ရွှေစည်းခုံဘုရား ခေါင်းလောင်းစာ) is a multi-language inscription found on the Shwezigon Pagoda Bell, donated by King Bayinnaung of Toungoo Dynasty and located at the Shwezigon Pagoda in Bagan, Burma (Myanmar). Written in Burmese, Mon, and Pali, the inscription lists the important events in the first six years of his reign. It is the only contemporary record in Burmese that calls the king "Conqueror of the Ten Directions", the title by which he is widely known in Mon and Thai.

The Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription is recognised as a documentary heritage of the world and listed in Memory of the World Register by UNESCO.

Shwezigon Pagoda Bell
The Shwezigon Pagoda Bell (Burmese: ရွှေစည်းခုံဘုရား ခေါင်းလောင်း) is a temple bell located at the Shwezigon Pagoda in Bagan, Myanmar. The 3423 kg bell was dedicated to the pagoda by King Bayinnaung of Toungoo Dynasty in 1557. The inscriptions on the bell in Burmese, Mon, and Pali describe the important events of the first six years of his reign.
Crouchen
Crouchen is a white South African and Australian wine grape variety that originated in the western Pyrenees of France but is now virtually extinct in France due to its high susceptibility to fungal diseases like powdery and downy mildew. The grape is known under a wide variety of synonyms including Clare Riesling and Cape Riesling though it is not related to the well known international variety Riesling. Recent European Union regulation aimed at standardizing wine labelling laws has encouraged wineries to move away from these synonyms but their use still persists.

South African wine
South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, with the first bottle being produced in Cape Town by its founder and governor Jan van Riebeeck. Access to international markets led to increased investment in South Africa's wine industry. Production is concentrated around Cape Town and almost exclusively located within the Western Cape province, with major vineyard and production centres at Constantia, Paarl, Stellenbosch and Worcester.

There are approximately 60 appellations within the Wine of Origin (WO) system, which was implemented in 1973, with a hierarchy of designated production regions, districts, and wards. Wines must only contain grapes from the specific area of origin. "Single vineyard" wines must come from a defined area of less than 6 hectares. An "Estate Wine" may be produced from adjacent farms if they are farmed together and wine is produced on-site. A ward is an area with a distinctive soil type or climate and is roughly equivalent to a European appellation.
Leigh syndrome
Leigh syndrome (also called Leigh disease and subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is named after Archibald Denis Leigh, a British neuropsychiatrist who first described the condition in 1951. Normal levels of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate are commonly found, but there is a reduced or absent level of thiamine triphosphate. This is thought to be caused by a blockage in the enzyme thiamine-diphosphate kinase, and therefore treatment in some patients would be to take thiamine triphosphate daily. While the majority of patients typically exhibit symptoms between the ages of 3 and 12 months, instances of adult onset have also been documented.

Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT), sometimes called mitochondrial donation, is the replacement of mitochondria in one or more cells to prevent or ameliorate disease. MRT originated as a special form of in vitro fertilisation in which some or all of the future baby's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) comes from a third party. This technique is used in cases when mothers carry genes for mitochondrial diseases. The therapy is approved for use in the United Kingdom and Australia. Eight babies have been born using MRT in the UK as of July 2025.  A second application is to use autologous mitochondria to replace mitochondria in damaged tissue to restore the tissue to a functional state. This has been used in clinical research in the United States to treat cardiac-compromised newborns.
Garden District, Toronto
The Garden District is a neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The name was selected by the Toronto East Downtown Residents Association (TEDRA) in recognition of Allan Gardens, an indoor botanical garden located nearby at the intersection of Carlton and Jarvis Streets. The Garden District was officially designated by the Mayor and Toronto City Council in 2001, while TEDRA has since been renamed the Garden District Residents Association. Part of the neighbourhood is within official City of Toronto neighbourhood of Moss Park.

As defined by the Association, the neighbourhood is bordered by Carlton Street to the north, Yonge Street to the west, Sherbourne Street to the east and Queen Street to the south. This area includes the southern part of Toronto’s Gay Village and heritage sites such as the Mackenzie House Museum, Gallery Arcturus, the Merchandise Building and Allan Gardens.

Church and Wellesley
Church and Wellesley is an LGBT-oriented enclave in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  It is roughly bounded by Gerrard Street to the south, Yonge Street to the west, Charles Street to the north, and Jarvis Street to the east, with the core commercial strip located along Church Street from Wellesley south to Alexander.  Though some LGBT-oriented establishments can be found outside this area, the general boundaries of this village have been defined by the Gay Toronto Tourism Guild.
Sozialistische Arbeiter-Zeitung
Sozialistische Arbeiter-Zeitung ('Socialist Workers Newspaper', abbreviated SAZ) was a daily newspaper published in Germany between 1931 and 1933. SAZ was the central organ of the Socialist Workers Party of Germany (SAPD).

Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAPD, sometimes called simply the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei, SAP) was a centrist Marxist political party in Germany. It was formed as a left-wing party with around 20,000 members who split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931, the remnants of the USPD merged into the party and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters also joined the group as well as a part of the  Communist Party Opposition. Nevertheless, SAPD membership remained small. From 1933, the group's members worked illegally against Nazism.
Las Vegas Senior Classic
The Las Vegas Senior Classic was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour from 1986–2001. It was played in Las Vegas, Nevada at the Desert Inn Country Club (1986–1993) and at the TPC at The Canyons, now known as TPC Las Vegas, from 1994–2001.

The purse for the 2001 tournament was US$1,400,000, with $210,000 going to the winner.

TPC Las Vegas
TPC Las Vegas, formerly TPC at The Canyons, is an 18-hole golf course located in the planned community of Summerlin in western Las Vegas, Nevada.

Opened in 1996 and designed by Bobby Weed in consultation with tour professional Raymond Floyd, TPC Las Vegas is part of the PGA Tour's Tournament Players Club network. It was the venue for the Las Vegas Senior Classic, a tournament on the Champions Tour, from 1994 to 2001. The course was featured in the PS1 version of Tiger Woods PGA Tour 2001.
Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile
Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile, or State Center of the Ukrainian People's Republic (SC of UPR) was a government in exile formed following the collapse of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1920. It was initially located in Poland before relocating to France and later Germany during the Second World War. It finally relocated to Philadelphia in 1976, where it would remain until its dissolution. In 1992, the government recognized the newly independent Ukrainian government as the successor to the Ukrainian People's Republic, and formally relinquished its powers to the new Ukrainian authorities.

After the May Coup (Poland) in 1926 in the Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski recognized the UNR government in exile, in a covert attempt to destabilize the Soviet Union, and in retaliation for Soviet support of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine.

Oleksander Shulhyn
Oleksander Yakovych Shulhyn (30 July [O.S. 18 July] 1889 – 4 March 1960) was a Ukrainian politician, academic, and diplomat who played a key role in establishing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. He was a member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society, a professor of the Ukrainian Free University in Prague, a member of the Ukrainian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 and a representative of Ukrainians in International Refugee Organization after World War II. During World War II (1939–40 and 1945–46) Shulhyn acted as head of the Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile.
2016–17 Texas State Bobcats men's basketball team
The 2016–17 Texas State Bobcats men's basketball team represented Texas State University in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Bobcats, led by fourth-year head coach Danny Kaspar, played their home games at Strahan Coliseum in San Marcos, Texas as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 22–14, 11–7 in Sun Belt play to finish in a three way tie for third place. At the Sun Belt tournament they defeated Louisiana–Monroe and UT Arlington before losing in the championship game to Troy. They received an invitation to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament where they defeated Lamar and Idaho before losing in the quarterfinals to Saint Peter's.

2016–17 UT Arlington Mavericks men's basketball team
The 2016–17 UT Arlington Mavericks men's basketball team represented the University of Texas at Arlington during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Mavericks, led by 11th-year head coach Scott Cross, played their home games at the College Park Center as members of the Sun Belt Conference. They finished the season 27–9, 14–4 in Sun Belt play to win the Sun Belt regular season championship. In the Sun Belt tournament, they defeated Coastal Carolina before losing in the semifinals to Texas State. As a regular season conference champions who failed to win their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they defeated BYU and Akron before losing in the quarterfinals to Cal State Bakersfield.
Orthopoxvirus
Orthopoxvirus is a genus of viruses in the family Poxviridae and subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. Vertebrates, including mammals and reptiles, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are 12 known species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and mpox. The most widely known member of the genus is Variola virus, which causes smallpox. It was eradicated globally by 1977, through the use of Vaccinia virus as a vaccine. The most recently described species is the Borealpox virus, first isolated in 2015.

Chordopoxvirinae
Chordopoxvirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the family Poxviridae. Vertebrates and arthropods serve as natural hosts. The subfamily contains 18 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include smallpox.

Four genera in this subfamily contain species that infect humans: Molluscipoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, Parapoxvirus, and Yatapoxvirus.
Daniel Quinn
Daniel Clarence Quinn (October 11, 1935 – February 17, 2018) was an American author (primarily, novelist and fabulist), cultural critic, and publisher of educational texts, best known for his novel Ishmael, which won the Turner Tomorrow Fellowship Award in 1991 and was published the following year. Quinn's ideas are popularly associated with environmentalism, though he criticized this term for portraying the environment as separate from human life, thus creating a false dichotomy, and the environmental movement as misguided and ultimately ineffective. Instead, Quinn referred to his philosophy as "new tribalism".

Providence: The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest
Providence: The Story of a Fifty-Year Vision Quest is a book by Daniel Quinn, published in 1994, and written largely as an autobiography blended with additional philosophical reflections. It details how Quinn arrived at the ideas behind his 1992 novel Ishmael and articulates upon some of these ideas.

Although primarily nonfiction in content, Providence is written with a fictional backdrop, in which the reader is presented as someone who has read Ishmael and sneaked into Daniel Quinn's house at night to ask Quinn for further information regarding his inspirations for the novel and its philosophical ideas. Quinn, though tired, welcomes the reader into his house and opens himself up to the reader's questions. Throughout the story, Quinn narrates as though replying to questions asked by (the character of) the reader, which Quinn “restates” in his answers and explanations; the voice of the reader is never directly heard.
David Slade
David Aldrin Slade (born 26 September 1969) is an English film and television director and actor. His works include the films Hard Candy, 30 Days of Night and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Slade is also a director for television, directing episodes for Breaking Bad, Awake, Hannibal, Crossbones, Powers, American Gods and Black Mirror. Before he was a film director, Slade was a director of commercials and music videos.

Hyper Music / Feeling Good
"Hyper Music" and "Feeling Good" are songs by the English rock band Muse, released in 2001 as a double A-side. It was as the fourth and final single from their second album, Origin of Symmetry. The songs reached No. 1 on the UK Rock Chart and UK Indie Chart, also seeing minor success on English, French and Polish pop charts.
Spencer repeating rifle
The Spencer repeating rifle was a 19th-century American lever-action firearm invented by Christopher Spencer. The Spencer carbine was a shorter and lighter version designed for the cavalry.

The Spencer was the world's first military metallic-cartridge repeating rifle, and over 200,000 examples were manufactured in the United States by the Spencer Repeating Rifle Co. and Burnside Rifle Co. between 1860 and 1869.

The Spencer repeating rifle was adopted by the Union Army, especially by the cavalry, during the American Civil War but did not replace the standard issue muzzle-loading rifled muskets in use at the time. Among the early users was George Armstrong Custer.

Lever action
A lever action is a type of action for repeating firearms that uses a manually operated cocking handle located around the trigger guard area (often incorporating it) that pivots forward to move the bolt via internal linkages, which will feed and extract cartridges into and out of the chamber, and cock the firing pin mechanism. This contrasts to other type of repeating actions such as the bolt-action, pump-action, semi-automatic, fully automatic, and/or burst mode actions. A firearm using this operating mechanism is colloquially referred to as a levergun.

Most lever-action firearms are rifles, but some lever-action shotguns and a few pistols have been made. The Winchester Model 1873 rifle is one of the most famous lever-action firearms, but many manufacturers (notably Henry Repeating Arms and Marlin Firearms) also produce lever-action rifles. Colt produced the 6403 lever-action Colt-Burgess rifles from 1883 until 1885 and Mossberg formerly produced the Model 464 rifle.
2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds
The 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup qualifying rounds were played from 27 November 2020 to 21 February 2021. A total of 67 teams are competing in the qualifying rounds to decide the 16 places in the group stage of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup.

2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup
The 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup (officially the 2020–21 Total CAF Confederation Cup for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th edition  of Africa's secondary club football tournament organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), under the current CAF Confederation Cup title after the merger of CAF Cup and African Cup Winners' Cup.

The winners of the 2020–21 CAF Confederation Cup will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2020–21 CAF Champions League in the 2021–22 CAF Super Cup.

RS Berkane were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage.