hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1,4-Benzoquinone
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H4O2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, being able to form oximes; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones. 1,4-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound.

Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It has two hydroxyl groups bonded to a benzene ring in a para position. It is a white granular solid. Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. The name "hydroquinone" was coined by Friedrich Wöhler in 1843.

In 2023, it was the 274th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 800,000 prescriptions.
Forum of Theodosius
The Forum of Theodosius (Greek: Φόρος Θεοδοσίου, today Beyazıt Square) was probably the largest square in Constantinople and stood on the Mese, the major road that ran west from Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya). It was originally built by Constantine I and named the Forum Tauri ("Forum of the Bull"). In 393, however, it was renamed after Emperor Theodosius I, who rebuilt it after the model of Trajan's Forum in Rome, surrounded by civic buildings such as churches and baths and decorated with a triumphal column at its centre. This forum should not be confused with the Strategion, a probably Hellenistic agora renewed by Theodosius I, lying near today's Sirkeci and also named after him Forum Theodosii.

Mese (Constantinople)
The Mese (Greek: ἡ Μέση [Ὁδός] i Mési [Odós], lit. "Middle [Street]") was the main thoroughfare of ancient Constantinople and the scene of many Byzantine imperial processions. Its ancient course is largely followed by the modern Divan Yolu ("Road to the Divan").
Arthur Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough
Arthur Mountifort Longfield Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough (11 December 1912 – 5 April 2002), was a British peer.

He was the son of Maj. Hon. Cyril Myles Brabazon Ponsonby, second son of Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough, and his wife Rita Narcissa Longfield, daughter of Lt. Col. Mountifort John Courtenay Longfield. He inherited the earldom on 5 December 1993 when his first cousin, Frederick Ponsonby, 10th Earl of Bessborough, died without a male heir.

Frederick Ponsonby, 10th Earl of Bessborough
Frederick Edward Neuflize "Eric" Ponsonby, 10th Earl of Bessborough (29 March 1913 – 5 December 1993), styled Viscount Duncannon from 1920 to 1956, was a British diplomat, businessman, playwright, Conservative politician, and peer.
Prosper Garnot
Prosper Garnot (13 January 1794 – 8 October 1838) was a French surgeon and naturalist.

Garnot was born at Brest. He was an assistant surgeon under Louis Isidore Duperrey on La Coquille during its circumnavigation of the globe (1822–1825). Along with René Primevère Lesson he collected numerous natural history specimens in South America and the Pacific. Garnot had a severe attack of dysentery and was sent back with some of the collection on the Castle Forbes. The specimens were lost when the ship was wrecked off the Cape of Good Hope in July 1824. With Lesson he wrote the zoological section of the voyage's report, Voyage autour du monde exécuté par order du roi sur la corvette La Coquille (1828–1832).  He died, aged 44, in Paris.

The widely distributed parthenogenetic Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836, was named in his honour.

Indo-Pacific gecko
The Indo-Pacific gecko (Hemidactylus garnotii), also known as Garnot's house gecko, fox gecko, or the Assam greyish-brown gecko, is a species of gecko native to South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia, and the east coast of Australia.

Adults grow to about 10–13 cm (4–5 in) in length. Similar to H. frenatus, they exhibit the ability to change the colour of their skin, from dark gray or brown with light markings in daylight, to a pale, translucent colour at night. Often mistaken for a common house gecko, the species can be distinguished by its rows of large, spiny scales on the lateral edges of the tail.
May Toe Khine
May Toe Khine (Burmese: မေတိုးခိုင်) is a Burmese actress and a fashion and commercial model.

She gained widespread popularity after starring in Yuu Aung Chit Mae Lu in 2019. Her portrayal of the character Akhayar earned praise by fans for her acting performance and character interpretation, and experienced a surge of popularity.

Yuu Aung Chit Mae Lu
Yuu Aung Chit Mae Lu (Burmese: ရူးအောင်ချစ်မယ့်လူ) is a 2019 Burmese romantic-drama film starring Nay Toe, Eaindra Kyaw Zin, May Toe Khine, Min Tharke. The film, produced by Shwe Sin Oo Film Production premiered in Myanmar on September 12, 2019.
Special Ops 1.5: The Himmat Story
Special Ops 1.5: The Himmat Story is a Hindi action thriller series created and directed by Neeraj Pandey for Disney+ Hotstar. The series is set inside the Special Ops Universe and stars Kay Kay Menon as Himmat Singh. The series premiered on 12 November 2021.

Kay Kay Menon
Krishna Kumar Menon (born 2 October 1966), known professionally as Kay Kay Menon, is an Indian actor who works predominantly in Hindi cinema, and occasionally in Gujarati, Tamil, Marathi and Telugu films. He is best known for his roles in films such as Black Friday (2004), Deewar (2004), Sarkar (2005), Shaurya (2008), Gulaal (2009), Haider (2014), Baby (2015). He has starred in web series such as Special Ops, Farzi, The Railway Men and Citadel: Honey Bunny.
Riki Rachtman
David Andrew "Riki" Rachtman is an American television and radio personality. He is best known for his association with the late 1980s and early-to-mid 1990s hard rock and heavy metal scene, hosting MTV's Headbangers Ball from 1990 to the show's cancellation in 1995, and he was the owner of the Hollywood-based nightclub The Cathouse.

Headbangers Ball
Headbangers Ball is a music television program that consists of heavy metal music videos airing on MTV and its global affiliates. The show began on MTV on April 18, 1987, playing heavy metal music videos.

The show was ultimately canceled in 1995. Over eight years later the program was reintroduced on MTV2. It had remained in varying degrees on the network's website, but by the early 2020s, it was no longer shown on television.
Andrew Law (financier)
Andrew Eric Law (born 14 June 1966) is a British financier, hedge fund manager and philanthropist. He is the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and major shareholder of Caxton Associates, a hedge fund headquartered on Berkeley Square in London. He is chairman of the charity Futures for All (formerly Speakers for Schools), and sponsor of a Multi-Academy schools trust in Cheadle Hume, Manchester. In 2024, he was in fifth place in the Sunday Times Giving List.

Futures for All
Futures for All (formerly Speakers for Schools), is a charity set up in 2010 by the journalist Robert Peston, to provide famous speakers to state schools to inspire young people in their careers. The chairman since 2012 has been Andrew Law, Chairman and CEO of the hedge fund, Caxton Associates.  Since 2016, the work of the charity has expanded to providing work experience for young people. Futures For All matches schools to hundreds of employers, providing structured, high-quality work experience and handling the paperwork’.  So far, it has supported 1,850,000 young people, delivering over 10,000 inspirational talks with over 35,000 young people attending work opportunities.
Paul Stuart
Paul Stuart is a men's traditional Ivy style clothing brand founded in 1938 in New York City. Currently operating four standalone  boutiques in the US, Paul Stuart has been described  as a blend of “Savile Row, Connecticut living and the concrete canyons of New York.”  The Paul Stuart logo is a drawing of  fictional character Dink Stover at Yale University.

The brand was owned by Mitsui from 2012 to 2025 and was vended at a  flagship store in Aoyama, Tokyo and hundreds of Japanese department stores; Sanyo Shokai has been its sole distributor in Japan since 1991.

In 2025, Paul Stuart was sold to Boston-based  private equity firm Middle West Partners. John Hutchison, former chief executive officer of Bonobos, was appointed the new CEO of Paul Stuart.

Oxxford Clothes
Oxxford Clothes is a luxury men's suit and sport coat manufacturer based in Chicago, Illinois. Individualized Apparel Group currently owns the brand. Forbes magazine has rated Oxxford as the best American-made suit. Oxxford Clothes was called "the quintessential American suit maker" by Robb Report.
Lucius Licinius Crassus
Lucius Licinius Crassus (140 – September 91 BC) was a Roman orator and statesman who was a Roman consul and censor and who is also one of the main speakers in Cicero's dramatic dialogue on the art of oratory De Oratore, set just before Crassus' death in 91 BC. He was considered the greatest orator of his day by his pupil Cicero.

Marcus Livius Drusus (reformer)
Marcus Livius Drusus (before 122 BC – 91 BC) was a Roman politician and reformer. He is most famous for his legislative programme during his term as tribune of the plebs in 91 BC. During his year in office, Drusus proposed wide-ranging legislative reforms, including offering citizenship to Rome's Italian allies.

The failure of these reforms, and Drusus' subsequent murder at the hands of an unknown assassin in late 91 BC, are often seen as an immediate cause of the Social War.
Papyrus (software)
Free and open-source software portal

Papyrus is an open-source UML 2 tool based on Eclipse and licensed under the EPL. It has been developed by the Laboratory of Model Driven Engineering for Embedded Systems (LISE) which is a part of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA-List).

Papyrus can either be used as a standalone tool or as an Eclipse plugin. It provides support for domain-specific languages and SysML. Papyrus is designed to be easily extensible as it is based on the principle of UML Profiles.

CEA-List: Laboratory for Integration of Systems and Technology
CEA-List (Laboratory for Integration of Systems and Technology; French: Laboratoire d'Intégration de Systèmes et des Technologies) is one of three institutes of the French CEA technological research division CEA Tech. The institute specializes in digital systems. It has the Carnot label.
Sea Hawks (TV series)
Sea Hawks is an Indian television series that aired on DD Metro  in the 1997-98. The story was based on the life and times of the Indian Coast Guard officers. The series stars Om Puri, R. Madhavan, Niki Aneja, Leelawar Tendulkar, Anup Soni, Simone Singh, Manoj Pahwa, Milind Soman and others. It was directed by Anubhav Sinha and produced by Anirudhya Mitra of UTV. Later, it was directed by Shivam Nair while Anirudhya Mitra took up the writing of the show. The series aired again in 2001 on DD Metro, 2002 on Star Plus, 2007 on Bindass It was produced by UTV.

The plot revolves around the activities of a mafia don's network, the coast guard, and the police and includes underwater and action sequences.

Anup Soni
Anup Soni is an Indian actor and anchor. He is an alumnus of the National School of Drama. Soni began his career with roles in television serials such as Sea Hawks and Saaya. He then took a break from television to work in films. He appeared in the 2003 films Kharaashein: Scars From Riots, Hum Pyar Tumhi Se Kar Baithe as well as Hathyar. In 2004, he appeared in Ashoke Pandit's film Sheen.  But he returned to television to work in CID: Special Bureau. He continues working both in films and television, and he previously worked in the serial Crime Patrol on Sony.
Immersion (mathematics)
In mathematics, an immersion is a differentiable function between differentiable manifolds whose differential pushforward is everywhere injective. Explicitly, f : M → N is an immersion if

is an injective function at every point p of M (where TpX denotes the tangent space of a manifold X at a point p in X and Dp f  is the derivative (pushforward) of the map f at point p). Equivalently, f is an immersion if its derivative has constant rank equal to the dimension of M:

The function f itself need not be injective, only its derivative must be.

Rank (differential topology)
In mathematics, the rank of a differentiable map  between differentiable manifolds at a point  is the rank of the derivative of  at . Recall that the derivative of  at  is a linear map

from the tangent space at p to the tangent space at f(p). As a linear map between vector spaces it has a well-defined rank, which is just the dimension of the image in Tf(p)N:
Apollo Papathanasio
Apostolos "Apollo" Papathanasiou (Greek: Aπόστολος Παπαθανασίου or Απόλλωνας Παπαθανασίου; born 15 March 1969) is a Swedish heavy metal vocalist of Greek descent, who is currently with the band Spiritual Beggars. He has also sung for Firewind, Meduza, Evil Masquerade, Gardenian, and Richard Andersson's projects Majestic and Time Requiem.

In 2007, Papathanasio had to opt out of certain tour dates with Firewind. His position was temporarily filled by Henning Basse of Metalium. Apollo's last release with Firewind was "Few Against Many" (2012). On 15 January 2013, Firewind announced that the band had parted ways with Apollo. After his departure from Firewind he has continued on with Spiritual Beggars and released return to zero (2010), Earth Blues, 15 April 2013 and Sunrise to Sundown (2016).
Papathanasio also works as a music teacher for a school in Halmstad.

Few Against Many
Few Against Many is the seventh studio album by Greek heavy metal band Firewind. It is the first album to feature ex-Nightrage and Meridian Dawn drummer, Johan Nunez. It was released on 21 May 2012 in Europe and 22 May in North America. This would be Firewind's last album with Apollo Papathanasio as their Vocalist before he decided to quit on 15 January 2013.
Ben W. Hooper
Ben Walter Hooper (October 13, 1870 – April 18, 1957), was an American politician who served two terms as the 31st governor of Tennessee from 1911 to 1915. Elected as a Fusionist candidate, he was one of just three Republicans to hold the office from the end of Reconstruction to the last quarter of the 20th century. His success was due to divisions in the state Democratic Party over prohibition; he received support from some of the party. During his two terms, Hooper signed several prohibition laws, enacted a measure requiring mandatory school attendance, and signed a law requiring direct pay for women workers.

Hooper served as a member of the U.S. Railroad Labor Board (RLB) during the administration of President Warren G. Harding in the early 1920s. As chairman of the RLB, he was a central figure in the 1922 Railroad Shopmen's Strike. He later worked as chief land purchasing agent for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

Railroad Labor Board
The Railroad Labor Board (RLB) was an institution established in the United States of America by the Transportation Act of 1920. This nine-member panel was designed as means of settling wage disputes between railway companies and their employees. The Board's approval of wage reductions for railroad shopmen was instrumental in triggering the Great Railroad Strike of 1922. The Board was terminated on May 20, 1926 when President Calvin Coolidge signed a new Railway Labor Act into law.
Elisabeth Wheeler
Elisabeth A. Wheeler (born January 10, 1944) is an American biologist, botanist, and wood scientist, who is a Professor Emerita of the Department of Forest Biomaterials at the North Carolina State University. Her research work is in the area of wood anatomy (softwoods and hardwoods) and paleontology (late cretaceous and early tertiary fossil woods), Most of her pioneering research work has been jointly made with the Dutch botanist, Pieter Baas.

Pieter Baas
Pieter Baas (28 April 1944 – 29 April 2024) was a Dutch botanist and emeritus professor of plant systematics at the Leiden University, who was a distinguished fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science.

He served as director of the Rijksherbarium of Leiden University between 1991 and 1999. When the institute was faced with budget cuts in 1993 he managed to preserve the collection by joining it with the university collections of Wageningen and Utrecht. This led to the founding of the National Herbarium of the Netherlands in 1999. Baas subsequently became director of the institute and served until 2005.

As a botanist, Baas specialised in wood anatomy, and was an honorary fellow of the International Academy of Wood Science. Most of his pioneering research work in wood anatomy has been jointly made with the American botanist and wood scientist, Elisabeth Wheeler.
Church of the Redeemer, Bad Homburg
The Church of the Redeemer (German: Erlöserkirche) of Bad Homburg belongs to the Protestant Church in Germany. Finished in 1908, the building is outwardly of a heavy, Romanesque Revival appearance, while its interior is in a neo-Byzantine style, with rich marble wall decorations and gold mosaics covering the domed ceiling, leading to the church sometimes being called 'Bad Homburg's Hagia Sophia'.

Bad Homburg
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈhɔmbʊʁk foːɐ̯ deːɐ̯ ˈhøːə] ⓘ, lit. 'Bad Homburg before the Height') is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus mountains. Bad Homburg is part of the Frankfurt Rhein-Main urban area. The town's official name is Bad Homburg v.d.Höhe, which distinguishes it from other places named Homburg.

The town has become best known for its mineral springs and spa (hence the prefix Bad, meaning "bath"), and for its casino.

As of 2004, the town used the marketing slogan Champagnerluft und Tradition (Champagne air and tradition).

As of 2021, Bad Homburg was one of the wealthiest towns in Germany (while the Hochtaunuskreis itself and the Landkreis Starnberg in Bavaria regularly vie for the title of the wealthiest district in Germany).
Battle of Shok Valley
The Battle of Shok Valley, also known as Operation Commando Wrath, was a joint U.S.-Afghan raid designed to kill or capture Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, the leader of Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) in the Shok Valley of Nuristan Province of Afghanistan on 6 April 2008. Ten soldiers belonging to U.S Army special forces and their combat cameraman were awarded the Silver Star for bravery, the greatest number of such awards for a single battle since the Vietnam War. In 2018, Special Forces medic Ronald J. Shurer's Silver Star was upgraded to the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle. In 2019, Special Forces weapons sergeant Matthew O. Williams's Silver Star was upgraded to the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle. In addition SrA Zachary Rhyner, ODA 3336's attached Air Force Combat Controller, was awarded the Air Force Cross.

Zachary Rhyner
Zachary James Rhyner (born June 21, 1986) is a medically retired Combat Controller (CCT) in the United States Air Force who received the Air Force Cross for his actions in the Battle of Shok Valley on 6 April 2008 in Nuristan Province, Afghanistan. He was the first living, and second ever, Combat Controller to receive the Air Force Cross after Technical Sergeant John A. Chapman was posthumously awarded the medal in 2002 for his actions during the Battle of Takur Ghar. Rhyner has deployed six times, including to Iraq and Afghanistan. He has assisted in humanitarian operations and was a part of Operation Unified Response in Haiti during the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Gjelhøi
Gjelhøi is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,982-metre (6,503 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) southwest of the village of Bismo and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the village of Fortun. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Hestdalshøgdi and Låven to the northeast, Hestbreapiggan to the southeast, Holåtindan to the southwest, and Tundradalskyrkja to the west. The Holåbreen glacier lies between this mountain and the nearby Holåtindan.

Hestdalshøgdi
Hestdalshøgdi is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,097-metre (6,880 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) southwest of the village of Bismo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Grjothøi, Tverrfjellet, and Gjuvkampen to the northeast; Moldulhøi, Sandgrovhøi, and Hesthøi to the east; Hestbreapiggan and Låven to the south; and Gjelhøi to the southwest.
Hundred (county division)
A hundred is an administrative division that is geographically part of a larger region. It was formerly used in England, Wales, some parts of the United States, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and in Cumberland County in the British Colony of New South Wales. It is still used in other places, including in Australia (in South Australia and the Northern Territory). Other terms for the hundred in English and other languages include wapentake, herred (Danish and Bokmål Norwegian), herad (Nynorsk Norwegian), härad or hundare (Swedish), Harde (German), hiird (North Frisian), kihlakunta (Finnish), kihelkond (Estonian), and cantref (Welsh). In Ireland, a similar subdivision of counties is referred to as a barony, and a hundred is a subdivision of a particularly large townland (most townlands are not divided into hundreds).

Cumberland County, New South Wales
Cumberland County, or the County of Cumberland, is a county in the State of New South Wales, Australia. Most of the Sydney metropolitan area is located within the County of Cumberland.

The County of Cumberland stretches from Broken Bay to the north, the Hawkesbury River to the north-west, the Nepean River to the west, the Cataract River to the south-west and the northern suburbs of Wollongong to the south. It includes the area of the Cumberland Plain.

Note that Cumberland County should not be confused with the former Cumberland County Council, a county council which existed from 1945 to 1964, and which despite the shared name was a legally distinct entity, with a distinct (albeit largely overlapping) territory, the Cumberland county district.
Charlie McDermott
Charles Joseph McDermott Jr. (born April 6, 1990) is an American musician and actor. After making his film debut in The Village (2004), McDermott had his breakout with a starring role in the crime drama film Frozen River (2008), earning him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male.

Following a supporting role in Sex Drive (2008), McDermott received further mainstream recognition with his main role as Axl Heck on the ABC sitcom The Middle (2009–2018). During the 2010s, McDermott starred in the film Morning (2010) and had supporting roles in the films Hot Tub Time Machine (2010), Instant Family (2018), and Countdown (2019), as well as a recurring role as Ty in the Netflix miniseries Unbelievable (2019).

The Middle (TV series)
The Middle is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 30, 2009, to May 22, 2018. The series, set in the fictional town of Orson, Indiana, follows a lower middle class family living and facing the day-to-day struggles of home life, work and raising children.

Starring Patricia Heaton and Neil Flynn, the series was created by former Roseanne and Murphy Brown writers Eileen Heisler and DeAnn Heline and produced by Warner Bros. Television and Blackie and Blondie Productions. It was praised by television critics and earned numerous award nominations, including a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2012.