hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Moduli of algebraic curves
In algebraic geometry, a moduli space of (algebraic) curves  is a geometric space (typically a scheme or an algebraic stack) whose points represent isomorphism classes of algebraic curves.  It is thus a special case of a moduli space. Depending on the restrictions applied to the classes of algebraic curves considered, the corresponding moduli problem and the moduli space is different. One also distinguishes between  fine and coarse moduli spaces for the same moduli problem.

The most basic problem is that of moduli of smooth complete curves of a fixed genus. Over the field of complex numbers these correspond precisely to compact Riemann surfaces of the given genus, for which Bernhard Riemann proved the first results about moduli spaces, in particular their dimensions ("number of parameters on which the complex structure depends").

David Mumford
David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. He is currently a University Professor Emeritus in the Division of Applied Mathematics at Brown University.
Lin Heung Tea House
Lin Heung Tea House (Chinese: 蓮香樓; lit. 'Fragrant lotus') is a two-storey Chinese restaurant located within the Tsang Chiu Ho Building (曾昭灝大廈) at 160–164 Wellington Street, at the corner of Aberdeen Street, in Central, Hong Kong. The 100-year-old institution closed its doors on 9 August 2022 and reopened in its original location in April 2024.

Wellington Street, Hong Kong
Wellington Street (Chinese: 威靈頓街) is a one-way street located in Central and Sheung Wan, Hong Kong. Named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, it stretches from Wyndham Street to Queen's Road Central. The two sides of the street are a mosaic of old and new buildings. Varieties of trades can be found on the street level. Street markets can be found in the adjacent lanes.
Coastal submarine
A coastal submarine or littoral submarine is a small, maneuverable submarine with a shallow draft well suited to navigating  coastal channels and harbors. Although size is not precisely defined, coastal submarines are larger than midget submarines, but smaller than sea-going submarines designed for longer patrols on the open ocean. Space limitations aboard coastal submarines restrict fuel availability for distant travel, food availability for extended patrol duration, and number of weapons carried. Within those limitations, however, coastal submarines may be able to reach areas inaccessible to larger submarines, and be more difficult to detect.

Type UC I submarine
The Type UC I coastal submarines were a class of small minelaying U-boats built in Germany during the early part of World War I. They were the first operational minelaying submarines in the world, although the Russian submarine  Krab was laid down earlier. A total of fifteen boats were built. The class is sometimes also referred to as the UC-1 class after SM UC-1, the class leader. Eleven of these U-boats joined the Flanders U-boat flotilla whilst the other four went to the Pola Flotilla.
Lyngby Boldklub
Lyngby Boldklub (Danish pronunciation: [ˈløŋˌpyˀ ˈpʌlˀtkʰlup]) is a professional football club based in Lyngby, Denmark, founded in 1921. It is based at Lyngby Stadion. The club play in the Danish 1st Division. From 1994 to 2001 the club was known as Lyngby FC. The club has won the Danish championship twice (1983 and 1992) and the Danish Cup three times (1984, 1985 and 1990).

2021–22 Danish 1st Division
The 2021–22 Danish 1st Division (known as the NordicBet Liga due to sponsorship by NordicBet) marked the 26th season of the league operating as the second tier of Danish football and the 82nd season overall under the 1st Division name. The league is governed by the Danish Football Association (DBU).
Ansford Academy
Ansford Academy, previously known as Ansford School, is a school located in Ansford, which lies on the northern edge of Castle Cary in Somerset, England. The current head teacher is Karl Musson. In July 2011, the school became an Academy.

The main school building was completed in 1940 in a Neo-Georgian style. Additional classrooms for Science, Technology, Modern Languages, Art, ICT and a block for mathematics were added between the 70’s-90’s.  A new £1.7 million Sports Centre was completed in 2005.

In the school's most recent Ofsted inspection, which took place between the 2 and 3 March 2022, a 'good' rating was given for every assessed category including overall effectiveness.

The associated sixth form college for Ansford Academy is Strode College.

Ansford
Ansford is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, on the northern edge of Castle Cary, with a population of  1,175.

The village lies on the A371, close to Castle Cary railway station and the River Brue, where the bridge dates from 1823.
Vågsfjorden, Troms
Vågsfjorden (Norwegian) or Váhkvierddas (Northern Sami) is a fjord in the southern part of Troms county in Norway. The fjord is located between Norway's two largest islands, Hinnøya to the south and Senja to the north. The fjord connects to the Andfjorden and the Tranøyfjorden to the north, and to the Astafjorden and Tjeldsundet to the south. The smaller islands of Grytøya and Sandsøya lie on the western side of the fjord and the islands of Andørja and Rolla lie along the eastern side of the fjord.

The 46-kilometre (29 mi) long fjord flows through the municipalities of Harstad, Senja, Dyrøy, Ibestad, and Tjeldsund. The town of Harstad, on the fjord's western shore, is popularly known as Vågsfjordens perle (English: pearl of Vågsfjorden).

Andørja (island)
Andørja (Norwegian) or Áttir (Northern Sami) is an island in Ibestad Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The 135-square-kilometre (52 sq mi) island lies about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of the town of Harstad. The island is located entirely within Ibestad Municipality, although the island itself was a separate municipality (Andørja Municipality) from 1926 until 1964. The largest population area on Andørja island is the Å - Ånstad - Laupstad area on the west coast with 205 residents (2001). Andørja Church is located in Engenes on the northwestern tip of the island.
Joseph Mauborgne
Joseph Oswald Mauborgne (February 26, 1881 – June 7, 1971) co-invented the one-time pad with Gilbert Vernam of Bell Labs. In 1914 he published the first recorded solution of the Playfair cipher. Mauborgne became a Major General in the United States Army, and from October 1937 to his retirement in 1941 was the Army's 12th Chief Signal Officer, in command of the Signal Corps.

Gilbert Vernam
Gilbert Sandford Vernam (April 3, 1890 – February 7, 1960) was a Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1914 graduate and AT&T Bell Labs engineer who, in 1917, invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher. Vernam proposed a teleprinter cipher in which a previously prepared key, kept on paper tape, is combined character by character with the plaintext message to produce the ciphertext. To decipher the ciphertext, the same key would be again combined character by character, producing the plaintext. 
Vernam later worked for the Postal Telegraph Company, and became an employee of Western Union when that company acquired Postal in 1943.  His later work was largely with automatic switching systems for telegraph networks.
Heenan Family
The Heenan Family was a stable of wrestlers managed by Bobby "The Brain" Heenan beginning in the 1970s. Heenan managed wrestlers under the Heenan Family name in the American Wrestling Association (AWA), the National Wrestling Alliance's (NWA) Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

The term "stable" refers to a group of wrestlers in an ongoing alliance, often under a single manager. Heenan notoriously disliked the term, stating that "a stable is a place where you keep a bunch of fly-infested horses", and instead referred to his collective wrestlers as his "family". The name moved with him, and changed members frequently.

Big John Studd
John William Minton (February 19, 1948 – March 20, 1995) was an American professional wrestler and actor, better known by his ring name Big John Studd. Studd is best known for his appearances with the World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation in the 1970s and 1980s.

Studd held a number of championships over his career, including the NWA American Heavyweight Championship, NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship, and WWWF World Tag Team Championship, and was the winner of the 1989 Royal Rumble. He was posthumously inducted into the WCW Hall of Fame in 1995 and the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2004.
Thromboxane B2
Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) is an inactive metabolite/product of thromboxane A2.  It is almost completely cleared in the urine.

It itself is not involved in platelet activation and aggregation in case of a wound, but its precursor, thromboxane A2, is. Thromboxane A2 synthesis is the target of the drug aspirin, which inhibits the COX-1 enzyme (the source of thromboxane A2 in platelets).

2-(3,4-Di-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol (DHPE) is a phenolic component of extra-virgin olive oil. An olive oil fraction containing DHPE can inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation in vitro.

Thromboxane A2
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. This is achieved by activating the thromboxane receptor, which results in platelet-shape change, inside-out activation of integrins, and degranulation. Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot. TXA2 is also a known vasoconstrictor and is especially important during tissue injury and inflammation. It is also regarded as responsible for Prinzmetal's angina.

Receptors that mediate TXA2 actions are thromboxane A2 receptors. The human TXA2 receptor (TP) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane segments. In humans, two TP receptor splice variants – TPα and TPβ – have so far been cloned.
Civitavecchia railway station
Civitavecchia railway station (Italian: Stazione di Civitavecchia) serves the town and comune of Civitavecchia, the sea port for Rome, in the region of Lazio, central Italy.  Opened in 1859, it forms part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway.

The station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI).  However, the commercial area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni.  Train services are operated by Trenitalia.  Each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS), Italy's state-owned rail company.

Port of Civitavecchia
Port of Civitavecchia, also known as "Port of Rome", or Civitavecchia Port of Rome, is the seaport of Civitavecchia, Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy. It is an important hub for the maritime transport in Italy, for goods and passengers. The Rome Cruise Terminal is part of the port. Part of the "Motorways of the Sea", it is linked to several Mediterranean ports and represents one of the main links between the  Italian mainland and Sardinia.

The port of Civitavecchia, with approximately 3.33 million passengers per year, is the first Italian port for cruise traffic, the first in Europe, the first in the Mediterranean Sea and among the busiest in the world.

Rome has two additional yacht harbors/marinas: Marina of Rome in Ostia and Riva di Traiano tourist port also in Civitavecchia, and also the Port of Fiumicino used as a canal port.
Walcott, Iowa
Walcott (/ˈwɔlkɔt/ WAWL-cawt, sometimes locally [ˈwɔlkət]) is a city in Muscatine and Scott counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 1,551 at the time of the 2020 census. Walcott's interchange on Interstate 80 is home to an enormous complex of restaurants, motels and truck stops, including the Iowa 80 truck stop, which is the world's largest.

Most of Walcott is part of the Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area, but the Muscatine County portion of the city is considered part of the Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Muscatine micropolitan area
The Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting solely of Muscatine County and anchored by the city of Muscatine. The Muscatine Micropolitan Statistical Area is also a part of the Quad Cities Iowa–Illinois Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which has a population of 474,226, making it the 90th-largest CSA in the nation.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 53,905 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 54,179).
Robert Burnes
Robert Burnes or Robert Burness (1719 – 3 January 1789) was a paternal uncle of the poet Robert Burns. He left the family farm of Clochnahill or Clokenhill in Kincardineshire with his younger brother William Burnes, and found work at the Lochridge or Lochrig limestone quarries and lime kilns that lay near Byrehill Farm near Stewarton. He was a teacher, a gardener later in life and a land steward on the nearby Robertland Estate, possibly through the influence of his nephew. Robert Burns referred to his him as Poor Uncle Robert upon his death in 1789.

Kilmaurs Place
Kilmaurs Place, The Place or Kilmaurs House, is an old mansion house and the ruins of Kilmaurs Tower grid reference NS41234112 are partly incorporated, Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The house stands on a prominence above the Carmel Water and has a commanding view of the surrounding area. Once the seat of the Cunningham Earls of Glencairn, it ceased to be the main residence after 1484 when Finlaystone became the family seat. Not to be confused with Kilmaurs Castle that stood on the lands of Jocksthorn Farm.
Florence Flamingos
The Florence Flamingos are an amateur baseball team that plays in Florence, South Carolina. The Flamingos are part of the Coastal Plain League, the collegiate summer baseball league located in the American Southeast.

Florence, South Carolina
Florence /ˈflɒrəns/ is a city in and the county seat of Florence County, South Carolina, United States. It lies at the intersection of Interstates 20 and 95 and is the eastern terminus of the former. It is the primary city within the Florence metropolitan area. The area forms the core of the historical Pee Dee region of South Carolina, which includes the eight counties of northeastern South Carolina, along with sections of southeastern North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 39,899, making it the 10th-most populous city in the state.

Florence is one of the major cities in South Carolina. In 1965, Florence was named an All-American City, presented by the National Civic League. The city was founded as a railroad hub and became the junction of three major railroad systems, including the Wilmington and Manchester, the Northeastern, and the Cheraw and Darlington.
Bramalea—Gore—Malton (provincial electoral district)
Bramalea—Gore—Malton was a provincial electoral district in Southern Ontario, Canada. It was created for the 2007 provincial election. All of the district was carved from Bramalea—Gore—Malton—Springdale.

The riding includes the part of Mississauga north of the 401 and east of Dixie Road and the part of  Brampton east of a line following Dixie Road to Bovaird Drive to Torbram Road.

In 2018, the district was dissolved into Brampton East, Mississauga—Malton, Brampton Centre, and Brampton North.

The riding has the unusual distinction of only ever having been held by members of Canada's Sikh minority.

Brampton Centre (provincial electoral district)
Brampton Centre is a provincial electoral district in central Ontario, Canada that elects one Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It was originally created in 1999 from Brampton North and Brampton South. It was abolished in 2007 into Brampton West and Brampton—Springdale.  For the 2018 election, it was re-created from Bramalea—Gore—Malton, Brampton—Springdale, and Mississauga—Brampton South.

The former riding included Brampton west of Dixie Road and east of a line following McLaughlin Road to Bovaird Drive to Main Street to Steeles Avenue to Kennedy Road.
Norman Josiffe
Norman Josiffe (born 12 February 1940), also known in the media as Norman Scott, is an English former dressage trainer and model who was a key figure in the Thorpe affair, a major British political scandal of the 1970s. The scandal revolved around the alleged plot by his ex-boyfriend, Liberal Party leader Jeremy Thorpe, to murder Scott after Scott threatened to reveal their sexual relationship to the media.

A Very English Scandal (TV series)
A Very English Scandal is a 2018 British three-part historical drama created and written by Russell T Davies, based on John Preston's 2016 book of the same name. It is a dramatisation of the 1976–1979 Thorpe affair and more than 15 years of events leading up to it.

The producers followed up A Very English Scandal in 2021 with the series A Very British Scandal, about the Argyll divorce case. On November 20, 2023, it was announced Blueprint would produce a third Scandal series, A Very Royal Scandal, based on the infamous Prince Andrew interview with Emily Maitlis.
Valmiera district
The Valmiera district (Latvian: Valmieras rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. Its administrative center was Valmiera. It bordered Estonia to the north and the former districts of Limbaži to the west, Valka to the east and Cēsis to the south. It was the eighth largest district in Latvia and had a population of 60,345 (2000 census).

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009, after they had been introduced during the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1949, replacing counties.

Cēsis district
Cēsis district (Latvian: Cēsu rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. It bordered the former districts of Valmiera and Valka to the north, Limbaži and Riga to the west, Gulbene to the east, Ogre and Madona to the south. It was organized into two cities, a municipality and twenty one parishes, each with a local government authority. The center of the district was the city of Cēsis.

Districts were eliminated during the administrative-territorial reform in 2009.
Coal Banks Trail
Coal Banks Trail is a 30-kilometre multipurpose recreational path in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. It connects all of the city's major urban parks, all three geographical areas, and many smaller parks. While 
primarily a community recreation opportunity, the trail is also used for community events, such as the Terry Fox Run and the Moonlight Run.

The city's Parks and Recreation department maintains the citywide system, which  was designed to connect the Oldman River valley with other areas of the city, including Pavan Park in the north and Henderson Park in the east. The system now reaches Highways 4 and 5 in the south and a loop in West Lethbridge (including University Drive and McMaster Blvd).

Henderson Park (Lethbridge)
Henderson Park is a 47 hectare (117 acre) park located in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. The park contains many amenities and attractions, including a 24 hectare (60 acre) man-made lake, the largest lake in the city. Several annual events are held in the park.
Daga Dzong
Daga Dzong (formerly called Daga Trashiyangtse Dzong) is a castle or Dzong (fortress) in the southern part of Bhutan, Dagana District. It is the district's headquarters and also houses the district's Monastic Body.

Dzong architecture
Dzong architecture is used for dzongs, a distinctive type of fortified monastery (Dzongkha: རྫོང, Wylie: rdzong, [dzoŋ˩˨]) architecture found mainly in Bhutan and Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of courtyards, temples, administrative offices, and monks' accommodation.
Proton pump
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyzes the following reaction:

H+[on one side of a biological membrane] + energy  ⇌ H+[on the other side of the membrane]

Mechanisms are based on energy-induced conformational changes of the protein structure, or on the Q cycle.

During evolution, proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions. Thus, not only throughout nature, but also within single cells, different proton pumps that are evolutionarily unrelated can be found. Proton pumps are divided into different major classes of pumps that use different sources of energy, exhibiting different polypeptide compositions and evolutionary origins.

Respiratory complex I
Respiratory complex I, EC 7.1.1.2 (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes or the plasma membrane of bacteria.

This enzyme is essential for the normal functioning of cells, and mutations in its subunits lead to a wide range of inherited neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Defects in this enzyme are responsible for the development of several pathological processes such as ischemia/reperfusion damage (stroke and cardiac infarction), Parkinson's disease and others.
Abroad in Japan
Chris Broad (born 21 April 1990) is an English YouTuber, documentary filmmaker, podcaster, and writer. He is best known for his YouTube channel Abroad in Japan, where he creates videos about Japanese culture, food, and travel, primarily in the Tōhoku region.

Sharmeleon
Sharla Katalin Hinskens (born April 23, 1986), also known as Sharmeleon ("evolved" from Sharmander upon receiving 500,000 subscribers in March 2020) and Sharla in Japan, is a Canadian YouTuber who has been vlogging about her experiences in Japan since 2011.
Bilād al-ʻArab Awṭānī
Bilād al-ʻArab Awṭānī (Arabic: بلاد العرب أوطاني) or The Arab Lands are my Homelands is a national Pan-Arabism song that is recited in the Arabic language. It is unofficially recognized as the national anthem of the Arab world. It was written by Fakhri Al-Baroodi and composed by the Folayfel brothers.

Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism (Arabic: الوحدة العربية, romanized: al-waḥda al-ʿarabiyyah, lit. 'Arab unity') is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation. It originated in the late 19th century among the Arab regions of the Ottoman Empire, and its popularity reached its height during the peak of Nasserism and Ba'athism in the 1950s and 1960s. Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused Arab socialist principles and strongly opposed the political involvement of the Western world in the Arab world. It also sought to empower Arab states against outside forces by forming alliances such as the Arab League.