hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Hudson-Phillips
Karl Terrence Hudson-Phillips, ORTT, QC (20 April 1933 – 16 January 2014) was an Attorney-General of Trinidad and Tobago and a judge of the International Criminal Court. He was also lead counsel in the murder trial of Grenadian Prime Minister Maurice Bishop.

Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago
According to the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, the supreme law of the nation, the attorney general of Trinidad and Tobago is the primary legal advisor to the government of Trinidad and Tobago. The current attorney general is John Jeremie appointed on 1 May 2025. Devesh Maharaj is a Minister in the Office of the Attorney General, he is also the Minister of Justice. Saddam Hosein is the Minister of land and Legal Affairs.
Cunardo
Cunardo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Milan and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) north of Varese.

Cunardo borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Cugliate-Fabiasco, Ferrera di Varese, Grantola, Masciago Primo, Valganna.

Masciago Primo
Masciago Primo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Varese in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 60 km northwest of Milan and about 12 km northwest of Varese. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 289 and an area of 1.9 km².

The municipality of Masciago Primo contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Località Mondada and Località Muniscione.

Masciago Primo borders the following municipalities: Bedero Valcuvia, Cunardo, Ferrera di Varese, Rancio Valcuvia.
Gregory Bateson
Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980) was an English anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, visual anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields. His writings include Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972) and Mind and Nature (1979).

In Palo Alto, California, Bateson and his colleagues developed the double-bind theory of schizophrenia.

Bateson's interest in systems theory forms a thread running through his work. He was one of the original members of the core group of the Macy conferences in Cybernetics (1941–1960), and the later set on Group Processes (1954–1960), where he represented the social and behavioral sciences. He was interested in the relationship of these fields to epistemology. His association with the editor and author Stewart Brand helped widen his influence.

John Weakland
John H. Weakland (8 January 1919 – 18 July 1995) was one of the founders of brief and family psychotherapy. At the time of his death, he was a senior research fellow at the Mental Research Institute (MRI) in Palo Alto, California, co-director of the famous Brief Therapy Center at MRI, and a clinical associate professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
Cabella Ligure
Cabella Ligure is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Cabella Ligure borders the following municipalities: Albera Ligure, Carrega Ligure, Fabbrica Curone, Mongiardino Ligure, Ottone, Rocchetta Ligure, and Zerba.

Fabbrica Curone
Fabbrica Curone (Piedmontese: Frògna) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located in the upper valley of the Curone stream, about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Turin and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Alessandria.

Fabbrica Curone borders the following municipalities: Albera Ligure, Cabella Ligure, Gremiasco, Montacuto, Santa Margherita di Staffora, Varzi, and Zerba.
Fagernes (Narvik)
Fagernes (Norwegian) or Čoalbmi (Northern Sami) is a neighborhood in the southern part of the town of Narvik which is located in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. Fagernes lies on the north side of Beis Fjord just south of the town centre and southeast of Ankenesstrand (Ankenes). Today, Fagernes is best known as the terminus of the Ofoten Line. The Ofoten Line has its terminus at the Fagernes terminal, a large industrial area of Fagernes.

Beis Fjord
Beis Fjord (English), Beisfjorden (Norwegian), or Ušmá (Northern Sami) is a fjord in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is a fjord arm that branches off of the main Ofotfjorden, on the south side of the town of Narvik. The Beisfjord Bridge on the European route E06 highway crosses the fjord between Ankenesstranda and Narvik. The village of Beisfjord is located at the end of the 11.5-kilometre (7.1 mi) long fjord. The maximum depth of the fjord reaches 44 metres (144 ft) below sea level.
Merlo Field
Harry A. Merlo Field at the Clive Charles Soccer Complex is a 4,892-capacity soccer-specific stadium in Portland, Oregon on the campus of the University of Portland where it serves as home to the school's men's and women's soccer teams.

From March 29, 2015, until the end of 2016, the stadium played host to the Portland Timbers' USL side Portland Timbers 2.

Portland Timbers 2
Portland Timbers 2 is an American professional soccer team based in Portland, Oregon. The team, often referred to as "T2", serves as the reserve squad for the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer (MLS).

The team was a member of the USL Championship from 2015 to 2019, and was in the second tier of the United States soccer pyramid beginning in 2016. The organization withdrew from the 2021 USL Championship season so it could better transfer players to its parent club during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reserves are now part of MLS reserve league MLS Next Pro.
Crataegus tanacetifolia
Crataegus tanacetifolia, the tansy-leaved thorn, is a species of hawthorn. It is native to Turkey where it occurs on dry slopes or in rocky places, usually on calcareous rocks.

It is a deciduous tree that grows up to 10 metres in height and 8 metres in width The fruit, is 10–14 mm or up to 25 mm in diameter, orange or rarely red in colour. It can be consumed fresh or cooked.

Crataegus
Crataegus (/krəˈtiːɡəs/), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.
Decahydroxycyclopentane
Decahydroxycyclopentane is an organic compound with formula C5O10H10 or C5(OH)10. It is a fivefold geminal diol on a cyclopentane backbone.

The compound can be regarded as the fivefold hydrate of cyclopentanepentone. Indeed, the product referred to in the literature and trade as "cyclopentanepentone pentahydrate" (C5O5·5H2O) is now believed to be the decahydroxycyclopentane.

The compound was synthesized by Heinrich Will in 1861, although for a long time it was believed to be a hydrate of C5O5. It can be prepared by oxidation of croconic acid C5O3(OH)2 with nitric acid. It can be isolated as water-soluble colorless crystals that melt with dehydration at about 115 °C, and slowly decompose at about 160 °C.

Cyclopentanepentone
Cyclopentanepentone, also known as leuconic acid, is a hypothetical organic compound with formula C5O5, the fivefold ketone of cyclopentane. It would be an oxide of carbon (an oxocarbon), indeed a pentamer of carbon monoxide.

As of 2000, the compound had yet to be synthesized in bulk, but there have been reports of trace synthesis.
Phaedo
Phaedo (/ˈfiːdoʊ/; Ancient Greek: Φαίδων, Phaidōn) is a  dialogue written by Plato, in which Socrates discusses the immortality of the soul and the nature of the afterlife with his friends in the hours leading up to his death. Socrates explores various arguments for the soul's immortality with the Pythagorean philosophers Simmias and Cebes of Thebes in order to show that there is an afterlife in which the soul will dwell following death. The dialogue concludes with a mythological narrative of the descent into Tarturus and an account of Socrates' execution.

Crito
Crito (/ˈkraɪtoʊ/ KRY-toh or /ˈkriːtoʊ/ KREE-toh; Ancient Greek: Κρίτων [krítɔːn]) is a dialogue written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. It depicts a conversation between Socrates and his wealthy friend Crito of Alopece regarding justice (δικαιοσύνη), injustice (ἀδικία), and the appropriate response to injustice. It follows Socrates' imprisonment, just after the events of the Apology.

In Crito, Socrates believes injustice may not be answered with injustice, personifies the Laws of Athens to prove this, and refuses Crito's offer to finance his escape from prison. The dialogue contains an ancient statement of the social contract theory of government. In contemporary discussions, the meaning of Crito is debated to determine whether it is a plea for unconditional obedience to the laws of a society. The text is one of the few Platonic dialogues that appear to be unaffected by Plato's opinions on the matter; it is dated to have been written around the same time as the Apology.
Lithothelium
Lithothelium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae. Most of the species are found in tropical climates, and are usually  corticolous (bark-dwelling) or saxicolous (rock-dwelling). These lichens form thin, crust-like layers that are often embedded within their substrate and are characterized by distinctive black, flask-shaped reproductive structures that may occur individually or in fused clusters with small openings for spore release. Established as a genus in 1885 by the Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis, Lithothelium species can be distinguished from similar lichens by their rounded spore compartments and the presence of specialized structures called ocular chambers that assist in spore discharge.

Pyrenulaceae
The Pyrenulaceae are a family of mostly lichenized fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was circumscribed by the German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, where they grow with green algae on bark.
McKissack & McKissack
McKissack & McKissack is an American design, program management and construction firm based in New York. It is the oldest Black-owned architecture and construction company in the United States.

The firm was founded in 1905 in Nashville, Tennessee by Moses McKissack, the grandson of an enslaved person brought to the United States from West Africa and put to work making bricks. Moses III became an accomplished carpenter and eventually teamed with his brother Calvin McKissack to found the company.

Over its 120-year history, the company has completed over 6,000 public- and privately-funded planning, design, and construction projects.

Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School
Martin Luther King Jr. Academic Magnet for Health Sciences and Engineering at Pearl High School (or simply MLK Magnet) is a public magnet high school located in Nashville, Tennessee. MLK includes grades 8–12, and students enter through a lottery process similar to the other magnet schools in Nashville. The school's building was home to Pearl High School, established for African American students in Nashville. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Pygmy mammoth
The pygmy mammoth or Channel Islands mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) is an extinct species of dwarf mammoth native to the northern Channel Islands off the coast of southern California during the Late Pleistocene. It was descended from the Columbian mammoth (M. columbi) of mainland North America, which are suggested to have colonised the islands around 250–150,000 years ago.  At only 1.72–2.02 m (5.6–6.6 ft) tall at the shoulder, it was around 17% the size of its mainland ancestor. The species became extinct around 13,000 years ago, coinciding with major environmental change and the arrival of humans in the Channel Islands.

Santa Rosa Island (California)
Santa Rosa Island (Spanish: Isla de Santa Rosa; Cruzeño Chumash: Wi'ma) is the second largest of the Channel Islands of California at 53,195 acres (215.27 km2 or 83.118 sq mi). Santa Rosa is located about 26 miles (42 km) off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, in Santa Barbara County and is part of Channel Islands National Park.

The Chumash, a Native American people lived on the Channel Islands at the time of European contact.

The remains of the 13,000-year-old Arlington Springs Man, possibly the oldest human remains in the Americas, were discovered on the island in 1959.

Santa Rosa Island is home to the rare Torrey pine, a species of pine tree that exists only in two locations around the world.

Public passenger access to Santa Rosa Island is provided by Island Packers ferry service out of the Ventura Harbor.
Richard Turner (Kentucky politician)
Richard A. Turner (born January 12, 1935) is an American politician from the commonwealth of Kentucky. He served in the Kentucky House of Representatives as a Republican from 1976 to 1978 and 1980 to 1997.

Turner was caught in the FBI investigation of Kentucky horse racing industry called Operation Boptrot.  He was convicted of filing a fake campaign finance report.

Operation Boptrot
Operation Boptrot, also referred to as Boptrot, was an investigation by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) into corruption among the Kentucky General Assembly, the Commonwealth's legislature. The operation was highly successful, with the investigation culminating in several indictments in 1992, leading to the conviction of more than a dozen legislators between 1992 and 1995. The investigation also led to reform legislation being passed in 1993.
Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong
Sitthichai Sitsongpeenong (Thai: สิทธิชัย ศิษย์สองพี่น้อง, Thai pronunciation: [sìttʰíʨʰaj sìtsɔ̌ːŋpʰîːnɔ́ːŋ]; born September 23, 1991) is a Thai Muay Thai kickboxer who competed in ONE Championship. Sitthichai is a former Lumpinee Stadium Welterweight Champion and Glory Lightweight Champion. Combat Press ranks him as the #3 lightweight kickboxer in the world.

2015 in Glory
The year 2015 was the 4th year in the history of Glory, an international kickboxing promotion. 2015 starts with Glory 19: Virginia, and ends with Glory 26: Amsterdam. The events were broadcast through television agreements with Spike TV and other regional channels around the world.
Endorphins
Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) are peptides produced in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of wellbeing. They are produced and stored in the pituitary gland of the brain. Endorphins are endogenous painkillers often produced in the brain and adrenal medulla during physical exercise or orgasm and inhibit pain, muscle cramps, and relieve stress.

Proopiomelanocortin
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues. POMC is synthesized in corticotrophs of the anterior pituitary from the 267-amino-acid-long polypeptide precursor pre-pro-opiomelanocortin (pre-POMC), by the removal of a 26-amino-acid-long signal peptide sequence during translation. POMC is part of the central melanocortin system.
William B. Pickett
William Beatty Pickett (born March 12, 1940) is an American historian and professor emeritus at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, Indiana. He is known as an authority on President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Indiana Senator Homer E. Capehart, and is the author of several well-regarded books on U.S. history including Dwight David Eisenhower and American Power and Eisenhower Decides To Run: Presidential Politics and Cold War Strategy.

Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology
Rose–Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT) is a private university in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. It was founded in 1874 and houses twelve academic departments with over thirty undergraduate and graduate degree programs in science, engineering, technology, and engineering management, leading to bachelor's and master's degrees.
Portuguese vocabulary
Most of the Portuguese vocabulary comes from Latin because Portuguese is a Romance language.

However, other languages that came into contact with it have also left their mark. In the thirteenth century,  the lexicon of Portuguese had about 80% words of Latin origin and 20% of pre-Roman Gallaecian and Celtiberian, Germanic, Greek and Arabic origin.

Hispano-Celtic languages
Hispano-Celtic is a term for all forms of Celtic spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the arrival of the Romans (c. 218 BC, during the Second Punic War). In particular, it includes:

A northeastern inland language attested at a relatively late date in the extensive corpus of Celtiberian. This variety, which Jordán Cólera proposed to name Northeastern Hispano-Celtic, has long been synonymous with the term Hispano-Celtic and is universally accepted as Celtic.

A language in the northwest corner of the peninsula, with a northern and western boundary marked by the Atlantic Ocean, a southern boundary along the river Douro, and an eastern boundary marked by Oviedo, which Jordán Cólera has proposed to call Northwestern Hispano-Celtic, where there is a corpus of Latin inscriptions containing isolated words and sentences that are clearly Celtic.
Cadorago
Cadorago (Comasco: Cadoragh [kaduˈraːk]) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Milan and about 12 kilometres (7 mi) southwest of Como.

Cadorago borders the following municipalities: Bregnano, Fino Mornasco, Guanzate, Lomazzo, Vertemate con Minoprio.

Fino Mornasco
Fino Mornasco (Brianzöö: Fin Mornasch [ˈfĩː murˈnask] or simply Fin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Milan and about 8 kilometres (5 mi) southwest of Como.

Fino Mornasco borders the following municipalities: Cadorago, Casnate con Bernate, Cassina Rizzardi, Cucciago, Guanzate, Luisago, Vertemate con Minoprio.
Centre de services scolaire de Laval
The Centre de services scolaire de Laval (French pronunciation: [sɑ̃tʁ də sɛʁvis skɔlɛʁ də laval], CSSDL) is a French-language school service centre in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is headquartered in Laval. As of 2011, the board of the predecessor, Commission scolaire de Laval, managed fifty-two primary schools, fourteen secondary schools, eight professional development centres, and three adult education centres in Laval.

Like all French-language school boards in Quebec, the commission is overseen by a board of directors rather than elected commissioners.

Laval, Quebec
Laval is a city in Quebec, Canada. It is in the southwest of the province, north of Montreal. It is the largest suburb of Montreal, the third-largest city in the province after Montreal and Quebec City, and the thirteenth largest city in Canada, with a population of 443,192 in 2021.

Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles, and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies. Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval.

Laval constitutes one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec, with a region code of 13, as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) with geographical code 65. It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval. It is the smallest administrative region in the province by area.
2016 Breeders' Cup Classic
The 2016 Breeders' Cup Classic was the 33rd running of the Breeders' Cup Classic, part of the 2016 Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships program. It was run on November 5, 2016 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California with a purse of $6,000,000.

California Chrome, who was the top-ranked Thoroughbred racehorse in the world, was the favorite for the race after an undefeated season. He led for most of the race but was caught near the finish line by Arrogate, a late developing three-year-old.

The Classic is run on dirt at one mile and one-quarter (approximately 2000 m). It is run under weight-for-age conditions, with entrants carrying the following weights:

Northern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 122 lb

Southern Hemisphere three-year-olds: 117 lb

Four-year-olds and up: 126 lb

Any fillies or mares receive a 3 lb allowance

Santa Anita Park
Santa Anita Park is a Thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent horse racing events in the United States during early fall, winter and in spring. The track is home to numerous prestigious races, including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap. It has also hosted the year-end Breeders' Cup races eleven times, more than any other racetrack. In 1984, Santa Anita was the site of equestrian events at the 1984 Olympics and will host once again in 2028. Since 2011, the Stronach Group are the current owners.
Battle of Akroinon
The Battle of Akroinon was fought at Akroinon or Akroinos (near modern Afyon) in Phrygia, on the western edge of the Anatolian plateau, in 740 between an Umayyad Arab army and the Byzantine forces. The Arabs had been conducting regular raids into Anatolia for the past century, and the 740 expedition was the largest in recent decades, consisting of three separate divisions. One division, 20,000 strong under Abdallah al-Battal and al-Malik ibn Shu'aib, was confronted at Akroinon by the Byzantines under the command of Emperor Leo III the Isaurian (r. 717–741) and his son, the future Constantine V (r. 741–775). The battle resulted in a decisive Byzantine victory. Coupled with the Umayyad Caliphate's troubles on other fronts and the internal instability before and after the Abbasid Revolt, this put an end to major Arab incursions into Anatolia for three decades.

Leo III the Isaurian
Leo III the Isaurian (Greek: Λέων ὁ Ἴσαυρος, romanized: Leōn ho Isauros; c. 685 – 18 June 741), also known as the Syrian, was the first Byzantine emperor of the Isaurian dynasty from 717 until his death in 741. He put an end to the Twenty Years' Anarchy, a period of great instability in the Byzantine Empire between 695 and 717, marked by the rapid succession of several emperors to the throne, along with ending the continual defeats and territorial losses the Byzantines had suffered during the 7th century. He also successfully defended the Empire against the invading Umayyads and forbade the veneration of icons.
Aichi Prefectural University
Aichi Prefectural University (愛知県立大学, Aichi kenritsu daigaku) is a public university located in the city of Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. There is a campus in Moriyama-ku, Nagoya which is for the nursing school, namely Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health.  The predecessor of the school was founded in 1947, and it was chartered as a university in 1966.

Nagakute
Nagakute (長久手市, Nagakute-shi) is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the city had an estimated population of 61,503 in 24,352 households, and a population density of 2,854 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 21.55 square kilometres (8.32 sq mi). Nagakute is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC).