hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Green, London
West Green is a district in north London, England, in the United Kingdom, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is located 5.7 miles (9.22 km) north of Charing Cross.

The area is mainly residential and includes both Chestnuts and Downhills parks. Its boundaries are roughly marked by Downhills Park to the north and north-west, Higham Road and Clonmell Road to the north-east, Avenue Road to the south-east, St Ann's Road to the south, Belmont Road to the west, and a line stretching from Stanley Road to La Rose Lane on the south-west.

Duckett's Green
Duckett's Green is an area of north London, England in the United Kingdom and part of the London Borough of Haringey. It is an inner-suburban area located 5.8 miles (9.4 km) north of Charing Cross.

The area is mainly residential and borders Duckett's Common. Its area is roughly defined by West Green Road to the south-west, Belmont Road to the south-east, Ivatt Way and Langham Road to the north-east, Westbury Avenue to the north and Turnpike Lane Bus Station to the north-west.
Richard Allan (actor)
Richard Mann Allan (June 22, 1923 – September 6, 1999) was an American actor. He was best known for his appearances with Susan Hayward in With a Song in My Heart (1952), Ava Gardner in The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), and Marilyn Monroe in Niagara (1953).

The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952 film)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a 1952 American romantic adventure film directed by Henry King from a screenplay by Casey Robinson, based on Ernest Hemingway's 1936 short story of the same name first published in Esquire magazine in 1936 and then republished in The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938). It stars Gregory Peck as Harry Street, Susan Hayward as Helen, and Ava Gardner as Cynthia Green (a character invented for the film). The film's ending does not mirror that of the short story.

The Snows of Kilimanjaro was a critical and commercial success upon its release and became the third highest-grossing film of 1952. It was nominated for two Oscars at the 25th Academy Awards, for Best Cinematography, Color and Best Art Direction, Color (Lyle R. Wheeler, John DeCuir, Thomas Little, Paul S. Fox). The film has since entered the public domain.
Zoltán Bitskey
Zoltán Bitskey (10 February 1904 – 1 August 1988) was a Hungarian swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4×200 m freestyle relay at the 1926 European Aquatics Championships. He competed in the 200 m breaststroke event at the 1924 Summer Olympics, but did not reach the finals.

His younger brother, Aladár Bitskey, was also a Hungarian Olympic swimmer.

Aladár Bitskey
Aladár Bitskey (18 October 1905 – 18 March 1991) was a Hungarian swimmer who won silver medals at the European championships of 1927 and 1931 in the 100 m backstroke. He competed in the same event at the 1928 Summer Olympics, but did not reach the final.

His elder brother, Zoltán Bitskey, was also a Hungarian Olympic swimmer.
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani (Persian: میر سید علی همدانی; c. 1314–1384 CE) was a Persian Sufi saint, scholar, poet and missionary of the Shafi’i Kubrawiya order,  widely revered for spreading Islam in Kashmir and Central Asia. He played a pivotal role in shaping the region's religious, cultural, and economic landscape through his teachings, writings, and introduction of Persian handicrafts. Hamadani authored numerous treatises on Sufism and Islamic theology, including Dhakhirat al-Muluk and Risala-i Nuriyya, and established religious institutions across Persia, Central Asia, and South Asia. His legacy endures through the Khanqah-e-Moula shrine in Srinagar and his lasting influence on Kashmiri culture.

Hamadani was also addressed honorifically throughout his life as the Shāh-e-Hamadān ("King of Hamadan"), Amīr-i Kabīr ("the Great Commander"), and Ali Sani ("second Ali").

Khanqah-e-Moula
The Khanqah-e-Moula, also known as Shah-e-Hamadan Masjid and the Khanqah, is a Sunni mosque located in the Old City of Srinagar, in the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Situated on the right bank of the river Jhelum between the Fateh Kadal and Zaina Kadal bridges, it was built in 1395 CE, and was commissioned by Sultan Sikandar in memory of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani. It is held to be the first khanqah — mosques associated with specific saints — in the Kashmir Valley. It is one of the best examples of Kashmiri wooden architecture, and is decorated with papier mache. The mosque structure is a Monument of National Importance.
Christopher Langton
Christopher Gale Langton (born 1948/49) is an American computer scientist and one of the founders of the field of artificial life. He coined the term in the late 1980s when he organized the first "Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems" (otherwise known as Artificial Life I) at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1987.  Following his time at Los Alamos, Langton joined the Santa Fe Institute (SFI), to continue his research on artificial life. He left SFI in the late 1990s, and abandoned his work on artificial life, publishing no research since that time.

He was profiled extensively in chapters 6 and 8 of the book Complexity (1993), by M. Mitchell Waldrop.

Artificial life
Artificial Life, also referred to as ALife or A-Life, is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. In 1987, Langton organized the first conference on the field, in Los Alamos, New Mexico. There are three main kinds of artificial life, named for their approaches: soft, from software; hard, from hardware; and wet, from biochemistry. Artificial life researchers study traditional biology by trying to replicate aspects of biological phenomena.
Hideki Ishima
Hideki Ishima (Japanese: 石間 秀機, Hepburn: Ishima Hideki; born March 21, 1944 in Sapporo, Hokkaido) is a Japanese musician, known primarily for his work with Flower Travellin' Band and for creating the sitarla instrument. A guitarist and sitar player for nearly forty years, he now exclusively plays the sitarla, an instrument he invented in 2000 that combines aspects of a sitar with an electric guitar. Guitarists Kazuo Takeda, Akira Takasaki, Rolly, and Mikael Åkerfeldt have cited him as an influence.

Akira Takasaki
Akira Takasaki (高崎 晃, Takasaki Akira; born February 22, 1961) is a Japanese musician. He is best known as the lead guitarist and sole constant member of the heavy metal band Loudness. He is also the guitarist of the band Lazy, with which he first rose to prominence in the 1970s. In 2018, readers and professional musicians voted Takasaki the best guitarist in the history of hard rock and heavy metal in We Rock magazine's "Metal General Election".
Stalmine
Stalmine is a village in the civil parish of Stalmine-with-Staynall, in the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England, in a part of the Fylde known as Over Wyre. The village is located on a small hill on the A588, the main road between Hambleton and Lancaster, with the highest level 75 ft above sea level. The village name has been spelled Stalmin (in 1205) and Stalemynne (in 1278). The village had a population of 1,087 at the 2011 Census.

Stalmine-with-Staynall
Stalmine-with-Staynall is a civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England, in a part of the Fylde known as Over Wyre. The parish contains the village of Stalmine and the hamlets of Staynall and Wardleys. The civil parish had a population of 1,486 at the 2011 Census, of which 1,087 lived in Stalmine village.

Located close to the Irish Sea coast, the Wyre Estuary forms the parish's western boundary. The highest point is only approximately 75 feet (23 m) above sea level. The parish adjoins the Wyre parishes of Fleetwood, Preesall, Pilling, Out Rawcliffe, Hambleton and the Thornton area which is unparished.
John Inglis (civil servant)
John Forbes David Inglis (5 August 1820 – 13 March 1894) was an East India Company civil servant, who became Chief Commissioner of Oudh in North India. His disagreement with Lord Lytton's Afghan policy led to him being passed over for an expected promotion to be Governor of North West Province. He took early retirement and on his return to Edinburgh, he founded, jointly with his daughter Elsie Inglis, the Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women. That association established the Edinburgh Medical College for Women at a time that women were not accepted into British university medical schools.

Elsie Inglis
Eliza Maud "Elsie" Inglis (16 August 1864 – 26 November 1917) was a Scottish medical doctor, surgeon, teacher, suffragist, and founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. She was the first woman to hold the Serbian Order of the White Eagle.
Kalemie
Kalemie, formerly Albertville or Albertstad, is a city on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
The Lukuga River, that drains Lake Tanganyika to the Lualaba River, runs through the city. Kalemie is the capital of Tanganyika Province.

Lake Tanganyika
Lake Tanganyika (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; Kirundi: Ikiyaga ca Tanganyika) is an African Great Lake. It is the world's second-largest freshwater lake by volume and the second deepest, in both cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake. It is also the 6th largest lake by area. The lake is shared among four countries—Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the DRC), Burundi, and Zambia—with Tanzania (46%) and the DRC (40%) possessing the majority of the lake. It drains via the Lukuga River into the Congo River system, which ultimately discharges at Banana, Democratic Republic of the Congo into the Atlantic Ocean.
Bright Leaf
Bright Leaf is a 1950 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Gary Cooper, Lauren Bacall and Patricia Neal. It is adapted from the 1948 novel of the same name by Foster Fitz-Simons. The title comes from the type of tobacco grown in North Carolina after the American Civil War. According to Bright Leaves, a 2003 documentary film by Ross McElwee, the plot is loosely based on the rivalry of tobacco tycoons Washington Duke and John Harvey McElwee, the filmmaker's great-grandfather.

Bright Leaves
Bright Leaves is a 2003 United States/United Kingdom documentary film by independent filmmaker Ross McElwee about the association his family had with the tobacco industry.
Bright Leaves had its world premiere at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.
Kim Eui-sung
Kim Eui-sung (Korean: 김의성; born December 17, 1965) is a South Korean actor. He is a first-generation film actor who started as a stage actor in the 1980s and 1990s. He is known for his roles in the films The Day a Pig Fell into the Well (1996), Office (2015), The Exclusive: Beat the Devil's Tattoo (2015), and Train to Busan (2016), as well as the television dramas W (2016) and Taxi Driver (2021-present).

W (TV series)
W (Korean: 더블유) is a 2016 South Korean television series, starring Lee Jong-suk and Han Hyo-joo. Consisting of 16 episodes, it aired on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 22:00 (KST) on MBC from July 20 to September 14, 2016. W centers on the clash between "two worlds": the real world and an alternate universe inside a webtoon, from which the title of the television series was taken.

The series received praise for its unique premise and ranked first in Content Power Index in its premiere week. It achieved respectable ratings of 11.63%, topping viewership ratings in its time slot for its entire run. The series also won numerous accolades at the 35th MBC Drama Awards, notably Drama of the Year, Daesang (Grand Prize) for Lee Jong-suk and Top Excellence awards for both lead actors. Additionally, the chemistry between the leads was well-received and they also won the Best Couple Award that year.
State-sponsored Internet propaganda
State-sponsored Internet propaganda is Internet manipulation and propaganda that is sponsored by a state. States have used the Internet, particularly social media to influence elections, sow distrust in institutions, spread rumors, spread disinformation, typically using bots to create and spread contact. Propaganda is used internally to control populations, and externally to influence other societies.

Public opinion brigades
The public opinion brigades (Vietnamese: dư luận viên, or tuyên truyền viên) is a state-sponsored web brigade of the Communist Party of Vietnam or linked to the Communist Government of Vietnam.

Similar to Russia's web brigades and China's 50 Cent Army, participants report that they are organized into teams and groups of commentators that participate in Vietnamese and international political blogs and Internet forums using sockpuppets and large-scale orchestrated trolling and disinformation campaigns to promote pro-Vietnamese communist propaganda with a usual overtone of opposition to diversity, equity and inclusion, and of support for Russian imperialism, due to Vietnam's friendly relationship with Russia.
Šimonytė Cabinet
Šimonytė Cabinet was the 18th cabinet of the national government of the Republic of Lithuania. It consisted of the former Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė who was the Head of Government, and 14 government ministers from the Homeland Union – Lithuanian Christian Democrats, Liberal Movement of the Republic of Lithuania, and Freedom Party.

Freedom Party (Lithuania)
The Freedom Party (Lithuanian: Laisvės partija) is a political party in Lithuania placed in the centre on the political spectrum, founded on 1 June 2019  by former Liberal Movement member Aušrinė Armonaitė. She was leader from 2019 until 2024. Leader since 30 November 2024 is Tomas Vytautas Raskevičius.
Leigh Whannell
Leigh Whannell (/ˈli wɑːˈnɛl/; born 17 January 1977) is an Australian filmmaker and actor. He has written multiple films that were directed by his friend James Wan, including Saw (2004), Dead Silence (2007), Insidious (2010), and Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013). Whannell made his directorial debut with Insidious: Chapter 3 (2015), and has since directed three more films: Upgrade (2018), The Invisible Man (2020), and Wolf Man (2025).

Whannell and Wan are the creators of the Saw franchise. Whannell wrote the first installment, co-wrote the second and third installments, was producer or executive producer for all the films, and appeared as the Adam Stanheight character in three of the installments. He was also the writer of the Saw video game (2009), and co-writer of the 2014 film Cooties.

Dead Silence
Dead Silence is a 2007 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Leigh Whannell. The film stars Ryan Kwanten as Jamie Ashen, a young widower returning to his hometown to search for answers to his wife's death. It also stars Amber Valletta, Donnie Wahlberg, and Bob Gunton.

Dead Silence was theatrically released in the United States on March 16, 2007, by Universal Pictures. The film was dedicated to Gregg Hoffman, who died in 2005. Upon release, it was considered a critical and commercial flop, earning $22.4 million on a $20 million production budget, and received negative reviews from critics, who criticized the script, characters and twist ending. However, it has since developed a cult following.
Studio 8 (company)
Studio 8 is an American entertainment company founded in 2014, by Jeff Robinov, John Graham, and Mark Miner based in Culver City. It specializes in film and television production.

Robinov, Graham and Miner prior to Studio 8 worked in film and production, before leaving to eventually co-found the company. Starting off moderately in 2016 with  Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, the following theatrical releases included Brett Sumner's West of the West, Albert Hughes' Alpha, and Yann Demange's White Boy Rick.

Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (film)
Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk is a 2016 war drama film directed by Ang Lee and written by Jean-Christophe Castelli, based on the 2012 novel of the same name by Ben Fountain. The film stars Joe Alwyn, Garrett Hedlund, Kristen Stewart, Vin Diesel, Steve Martin, and Chris Tucker. Principal photography began in April 2015 in Georgia. The film is a co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, and China.

The film had its world premiere at the 54th New York Film Festival on October 14, 2016, and was theatrically released in North America on November 11, 2016, by Sony Pictures Releasing. It had high production costs associated with being the first-ever feature film using an extra-high frame rate of 120 frames per second, further complicated by the 3D format, at 4K UHD resolution. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing $31 million worldwide against its $40 million budget.
U.S. Route 29 in North Carolina
U.S. Highway 29 (US 29) is a United States Numbered Highway that runs for 168.7 miles (271.5 km) from the South Carolina state line, near Blacksburg, to the commonwealth of Virginia, near Danville. It is signed with north–south cardinal directions but is actually a northeast and southwest diagonal highway throughout the state. The route serves the North Carolina Piedmont, including the cities of Charlotte, Salisbury, High Point, and Greensboro. From Salisbury to Greensboro, US 29 spends roughly a third of its length in the state being concurrent with US 70.

North Carolina Highway 216
North Carolina Highway 216 (NC 216) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  The highway runs north–south, from the South Carolina state line to NC 274 near the unincorporated community of Tryon.
Kamioka, Akita
Kamioka (神岡町, Kamioka-machi) was a town located in Senboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,943 and a density of 169.03 persons per km2. The total area was 35.16 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Kamioka, along with the city of Ōmagari; the towns of Kyōwa, Nakasen, Nishisenboku, Ōta and Semboku; and the village of Nangai (all from Senboku District), merged to create the city of Daisen.

Nakasen, Akita
Nakasen (中仙町, Nakasen-machi) was a town located in Senboku District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,486 and a density of 145.54 persons per km2. The total area was 78.92 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Nakasen, along with the city of Ōmagari; the towns of Kamioka, Kyōwa, Nishisenboku, Ōta and Semboku; and the village of Nangai (all from Senboku District), merged to create the city of Daisen.

The town's annual festival, the Don Pan Matsuri, is held each summer and features a communal dance. The municipal clock plays the tune associated with the festival several times daily.
Little Boots
Victoria Christina Hesketh (born 4 May 1984), known professionally as Little Boots, is an English singer-songwriter and DJ. She was previously a member of the band Dead Disco. Since performing as a solo artist, she has released four albums: Hands (2009), Nocturnes (2013), Working Girl (2015) and Tomorrow's Yesterdays (2022), and a number of associated EPs and remixes. Hesketh has toured internationally both as a DJ-only act as well as with a full band. Hands reached number five on the UK Albums Chart and the singles "New in Town" and "Remedy" became top twenty hits.

Remedy (Little Boots song)
"Remedy" is a song by English recording artist Little Boots from her debut studio album, Hands (2009). Written by Little Boots and RedOne, the song was released as the album's second single on 15 June 2009 in Japan and on 17 August 2009 in the United Kingdom, becoming Little Boots' most successful single on the UK Singles Chart. A remix EP of the song was also made available on the US iTunes Store on 8 December 2009.
Cats in Space
Cats in Space (styled CATS in SPACE - The Band) is a British rock band formed in Horsham, West Sussex, in 2015 by guitarist Greg Hart and drummer Steevi Bacon. Following the band's inception, vocalist Paul Manzi, keyboardist Andy Stewart, bassist Jeff Brown, and second guitarist Dean Howard were recruited to complete the official lineup. In mid-2019, vocalist Paul Manzi announced he would leave the band to join The Sweet after the first half of ‘The Narnia Tour’. Soon after Manzi’s departure from the band, Mark Pascall joined the band as their new lead vocalist. After the tour, the band parted ways with Pascall. He was then replaced by Jeff Wayne's War of the Worlds stage show vocalist, Damien Edwards.

Dean Howard (musician)
Dean Howard (born 7 May 1961, Greenwich, London) is a guitarist who was part of Ian Gillan's backing band on the Deep Purple frontman's U.S. solo tour in August and September 2006. Dean was working with Toby Jepson (ex Little Angels), and was with Air Race.
Miriam Byrd-Nethery
Miriam Byrd-Nethery (May 17, 1929 – January 6, 2003) was an American actress. Her film roles included Bound for Glory (1976) and Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III and Across Five Aprils (both 1990).

Across Five Aprils
Across Five Aprils is a novel by Irene Hunt, published in 1964 and winner of a 1965 Newbery Honor, set in the Civil War era. Hunt was close to her grandfather who told her stories from his youth, which she incorporated into Across Five Aprils.
Women in warfare and the military (2000–present)
This article is about women in warfare and the military (2000–present) throughout the world outside the United States. For women in warfare and the military in the United States since 2000, please see: Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2000–2010 and Timeline of women in warfare and the military in the United States, 2011–present.

Women's Protection Units
The Women's Protection Units (YPJ) or Women's Defense Units is an all-female militia involved in the Syrian civil war. The YPJ is part of the Syrian Democratic Forces, the armed forces of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, and is closely affiliated with the male-led YPG. While the YPJ is mainly made up of Kurds, it also includes women from other ethnic groups in Northern Syria.
Acree–Rosenheim reaction
The Acree–Rosenheim reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins. A protein mixture is mixed with formaldehyde. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to form two layers. A purple ring appears between the two layers if the test is positive for tryptophan.

The test was named after two greats in biochemistry, namely, Solomon Farley Acree (1875–1957), a distinguished American Biochemist at Johns Hopkins University, and Sigmund Otto Rosenheim (1871–1955), an Anglo-German Medical Chemist at the University of Manchester.

Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic beta carbon substituent. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitamin B3 (niacin). It is encoded by the codon UGG.

Like other amino acids, tryptophan is a zwitterion at physiological pH where the amino group is protonated (–NH+3; pKa = 9.39) and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated ( –COO−; pKa = 2.38).

Humans and many animals cannot synthesize tryptophan: they need to obtain it through their diet, making it an essential amino acid.

Tryptophan is named after the digestive enzymes trypsin, which were used in its first isolation from casein proteins. It was assigned the one-letter symbol W based on the double ring being visually suggestive to the bulky letter.