hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Richard Palmer (priest)
Richard Palmer (c. 1714 – 7 May 1805) was an English clergyman who served as Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.

Palmer was the son of Henry Palmer, a clerk in Lincolnshire. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1732, graduating B.A. 1736, M.A. 1766. He later received the Lambeth degree of D.D.

Ordained deacon in 1737 and priest in 1740, Palmer served as Rector of Scott Willoughby, Lincolnshire (1740), Chaplain to the House of Commons (1765–1769), Prebendary of Canterbury Cathedral (1769–1781), and Rector of St Swithin, London Stone (1776–1805).

He died in Grantham, Lincolnshire on 7 May 1805, aged 91.

Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons
The Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons, also known as the Speaker's Chaplain, is a Church of England priest who officiates at services held at the Palace of Westminster and its associated chapel, St Mary Undercroft. The Chaplain also acts as chaplain to the Speaker and Members of Parliament. The first Speaker's Chaplain was appointed in 1660. The current officeholder is The Reverend Canon Mark Birch.

From 1972 to 2010, the Speaker's Chaplain also held the position of Rector of St Margaret's, Westminster, the parish church of the Palace of Westminster.
Alan Huckle
Alan Edden Huckle (born 15 June 1948) is an senior British diplomat in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He was the commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) and the British Antarctic Territory from 23 April 2001 until 12 January 2004, when he left to become the governor of Anguilla in the Caribbean. He was the Governor of Anguilla from 29 July 2004 to July 2006, having been appointed in July 2003.

In July 2005, it was announced that Huckle would soon be leaving Anguilla to become Governor of the British Overseas Territory of the Falkland Islands and the Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, all of which are located in the South Atlantic Ocean. He was succeeded in Anguilla by Andrew George, on 10 July 2006.

During his time as Governor of the Falkland Islands, Huckle oversaw the implementation of the new Constitution in 2009. He was succeeded as Governor by Nigel Haywood in October 2010.

Governor of Anguilla
The governor of Anguilla is the representative of the monarch in the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla. The governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Government of the United Kingdom. The governor is the highest authority on Anguilla, but daily business is handled by local Anguillan elected officials. The main role of the governor is to appoint the premier of Anguilla.

The governor's official residence is Government House at Old Ta. The governor has her own flag: the Union Flag defaced with the coat of arms of Anguilla.

The current governor is Julia Crouch, who was sworn in on 11 September 2023.
N or M?
N or M? is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1941 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November of the same year. The US edition retailed $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6).

The title is taken from a catechism in the Book of Common Prayer which asks, "What is your Christian name? Answer N. or M." The "N. or M." here stands for the Latin, "nomen vel nomina", meaning "name or names". It was an accident of typography that "nomina" ("nn") came to be represented by "m".

The novel is the first to feature the mature versions of her detectives Tommy and Tuppence, whose previous appearances had been in the adventure The Secret Adversary (1922) and the short story collection Partners in Crime (1929).

Fifth column
A fifth column (or internal enemy) is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation. The activities of a fifth column can be overt or clandestine. Forces gathered in secret can mobilize openly to assist an external attack. The term is also applied to organized actions by military personnel. Clandestine fifth column activities can involve acts of sabotage, disinformation, espionage or terrorism executed within defense lines by secret sympathizers with an external force.
Muramic acid
Muramic acid is an amino sugar acid.  In terms of chemical composition, it is the ether of lactic acid and glucosamine. It occurs naturally as N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan, whose primary function is a structural component of many typical bacterial cell walls.

N-Acetylmuramic acid
N-Acetylmuramic acid (NAM or MurNAc) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C11H19NO8. It is a monomer of peptidoglycan in most bacterial cell walls, which is built from alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid, cross-linked by oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of MurNAc.
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain,  spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts. It is a structure composed of nervous tissue positioned along the rostral (nose end) to caudal (tail end) axis of the body and may have an enlarged section at the rostral end which is a brain. Only arthropods, cephalopods and vertebrates have a true brain, though precursor structures exist in onychophorans, gastropods and lancelets.

The rest of this article exclusively discusses the vertebrate central nervous system, which is radically distinct from all other animals.

Optic nerve
In neuroanatomy, the optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, cranial nerve II, or simply CN II, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus.
Public holidays in Haiti
The following are public holidays in Haiti. Many Vodou holidays are also celebrated, but are not considered public holidays.

The two most important holidays for Haitian Americans are Haitian Independence Day and Haitian Flag Day.

In addition, the following Christian holidays are celebrated; their dates vary according to the date of Easter each year.

Haitian Flag Day
Haitian Flag Day (Haitian Creole: Jounen Drapo Ayisyen; French: La fête du drapeau haïtien) is a Haitian public holiday celebrating the creation of the flag of Haiti during the Haitian Revolution. The day is celebrated each year on 18 May, which is the anniversary of the date of the flag's adoption in 1803. The day is observed officially in Haiti, as well as in numerous cities of the United States that have a large Haitian population.
Bzyb Range
Bzyb Mountain Range (Georgian: ბზიფის ქედი, bzipis kedi; Abkhaz: Агеишьха, Ageish'kha) is a mountain range in Abkhazia, Georgia on the southern slope of the western part of Greater Caucasus. The ridge is about 50 km long.

Kelasuri
The Kelasuri or  Kelasyri, also  Kalashir (Georgian: კელასური [Kelasuri], Abkhaz: Kyalashәyr [Kyalashir])  is a river in Abkhazia, Georgia.

The source is located on the glacier Khimsa at Bzyb Range. Kelasuri begins at the merger of Kelasuri First and Kelasuri Second rivers.

The river flows along the administrative border of the Sukhumi and Gulripshi districts.

The river sources are glacial water and rain. Water consumption in early May is about 20 to 25 cubic metres per second (710 to 880 cu ft/s). A significant part of the river bed runs along the gorge. 5 km (3.1 mi) from the center Sukhumi and flows into the Black Sea. It is one of the largest rivers in Abkhazia.
John Quinlan (wrestler)
John Joseph Quinlan (born October 30, 1974) nickname "Stoneface", is an American actor. He is a former junior bodybuilder, professional wrestler, fitness model, fashion model, art model and romance cover model. In 2012 he was an official image model and brand ambassador for the supplement company Nutrabolics. Quinlan starred in the film, A Sense of Purpose: Fighting For Our Lives (2019) by producer Jillian Bullock. In 2020, he portrayed the villain role of Marvel's character Rhino for the TV/Web Series: Spider-Man And The Monsters of Manhattan.
He is a born a born-again Christian.

Springfield College
Springfield College is a private university in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. The institution's mission, called the Humanics philosophy, calls for educating students in spirit, mind, and body for leadership in service to others. It is also notable for its historical significance as the birthplace of basketball, which was invented on campus in 1891 by Canadian-American instructor and graduate student James Naismith.
Cowley, Derbyshire
Cowley is a small dispersed hamlet in North East Derbyshire, consisting of a few private houses and functioning farms strung out along Cowley Lane, which runs between the village of Holmesfield and the "Hill Top" neighbourhood of the town of Dronfield (where the population is included). Until 2001 it held an annual well dressing in the grounds of Cowley Mission, a small chapel founded in 1888 and still active.

Holmesfield
Holmesfield is a village and civil parish in the English county of Derbyshire. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 971.  The name "Holmesfield" means "raised pasture-land" and is of Norse and Anglo-Saxon origin. Viking influences are also evident with many road names suffixed by "gate", the old Norse word for "way".
Nyssa, Oregon
Nyssa (/ˈnɪsə/ NISS-ə) is a city in Malheur County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,198 at the 2020 census. The city is located along the Snake River on the Idaho border, in the region of far eastern Oregon known as the "Treasure Valley". It is part of the Ontario, OR–ID Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The primary industry in the region is agriculture, including the cultivation of Russet potatoes, sugar beets, onions, corn, flower seed, mint, and wheat. The city's economy relies on the surrounding agricultural area with its several large onion and potato packaging plants.

Ontario micropolitan area, Oregon
The Ontario Micropolitan Statistical Area (or Ontario μSA), as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in southeastern Oregon and one in southwestern Idaho, anchored by the city of Ontario.

As of the 2000 census, the area had a population of 52,193 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 53,844).
Yun Wŏnhyŏng
Yun Wŏnhyŏng (Korean: 윤원형, 尹元衡; 1509 – November 18, 1565) was a Korean political figure of the Joseon period. He was the younger brother of Queen Munjeong, the 3rd wife of the 11th King Jungjong of Joseon and was the maternal uncle of the 13th King Myeongjong.

He was Chief State Councillor from 1563 to 1565. His courtesy name was Ŏnp'yŏng (언평; 彦平). In 1565, after the death of Queen Munjeong, both Yun and his wife, Jeong Nan-jeong, were exiled from the capital. Unable to make a political comeback, both committed suicide by poison.

Queen Janggyeong (Joseon)
Queen Janggyeong (Korean: 장경왕후; Hanja: 章敬王后; 10 August 1491 – 16 March 1515), of the Papyeong Yun clan, was the wife and second queen consort of Yi Yeok, King Jungjong, the 11th Joseon monarch. She was queen consort of Joseon from 1507 until her death in 1515.
Monoplacophorus zenkevitchi
Monoplacophorus zenkevitchi is a species of monoplacophoran, a superficially limpet-like marine mollusc. It is known from only one specimen collected from a depth of 2000 metres in the Pacific Ocean, north of Johnston Island and west of Hawaii.

Monoplacophora
Monoplacophora /ˌmɒnoʊpləˈkɒfərə/, meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic class of molluscs with a cap-like shell, inhabiting deep sea environments. Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from the fossil record, and were thought to have become extinct 375 million years ago.

Although the shell of many monoplacophorans is limpet-like in shape, they are not gastropods, nor do they have any close relation to gastropods.
Hilda of Whitby
Hilda of Whitby (or Hild; c. 614 – 680) was a saint of the early Church in Britain. She was the founder and first abbess of the monastery at Whitby which was chosen as the venue for the Synod of Whitby in 664. An important figure in the Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England, she was abbess in several convents and recognised for the wisdom that drew kings to her for advice.

The source of information about Hilda is the Ecclesiastical History of the English People by Bede in 731, who was born approximately eight years before her death. He documented much of the Christian conversion of the English.

St Hilda's College, Oxford
St Hilda's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon saint Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women; it remained a women's college until 2008. St Hilda's was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994. St Hilda's has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

The principal of the college is Sarah Springman, who took office in 2022.

As of 2020, the college had an endowment of £56.6 million and total assets of £119.7 million.
King's Cup (Bahrain)
The King's Cup is Bahrain's premier knockout tournament in men's football.

The national cup has had many different names over the years. Emir Cup (1952–59 & 1978–2002), Federation Cup (1960–77) and King's Cup (2003–present).

Al-Najma SC (Bahrain)
Al-Najma SC (Arabic: نادي النجمة) is a Bahraini professional multi-sports club based in Manama. Incorporated in 1946, the club has departments of football, handball, volleyball and basketball. The club's football section competes in the Bahraini Premier League, the top-flight of Bahraini football.
Piñeres
Piñeres is one of 18 parishes in Aller, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

It is 16.1 km2 (6.2 sq mi) in size with a population of 561 as of January 1, 2024.

The villages include: Arteos, Las Barrosas, Bello, La Biesca, El Cabanon, Cambrosio, La Cantera, Carrocera, Casares, La Casillina, Castandiello, Castiello, Corigos, La Cortina, Cubrenes, El Escobio, Fresnaza, El Lagar, Llameres, Longalendo, Misiegos, Murias, El Palacio, El Pandiello, Perea, Pineo, La Provía, El Pueblu, Rucastiello, La Roza, San Antonio, La Sierra, Las Tercias, Valdediós, Vegalatorre, Veguellina, La Venta and Villar.

Aller, Asturias
Aller (Asturian: Ayer) is a municipality in the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is bordered on the north by Mieres, on the south by the province of León, on the east by Laviana, Caso, and Sobrescobio, and on the west by Lena.
Yoshinogawa, Tokushima
Yoshinogawa (吉野川市, Yoshinogawa-shi) is a city located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 30 June 2022, the city had an estimated population of 39,150 in 17958 households and a population density of 270 persons per km². The total area of the city is 144.14 square kilometres (55.65 sq mi).

Oe District, Tokushima
Oe (麻植郡, Oe-gun) was a district located in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 46,231 and a density of 320.63 persons per km2. The total area was 144.19 square kilometres (55.67 sq mi).
Miklós Kovács (poet)
Miklós Kovács (Prekmurje Slovene: Mikloš Kovač, Slovene: Nikolaj Kovač) (November 24, 1857 – November 23, 1937) was a Hungarian Slovene cantor and writer.

He was born in Šalovci (Prekmurje) in Vas County of the Kingdom of Hungary. His parents were Mihály Kováts and Rozália Kováts. Although he was primarily engaged in farming, he also wrote songs, mostly religious ones. His hymnal was lost over time, as was the hymnal of his collaborator József Konkolics. János Zsupánek preserved some of their songs.

Konkolics and Kovács subsidized the publication of Zsupánek's book Mrtvecsne peszmi (Dirges) in 1910.

He died in Veliki Šalovci in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

József Konkolics
József Konkolics (Slovene: Jožef Konkolič) (March 12, 1861 – January 1, 1941) was a Hungarian Slovene writer and cantor, and an associate of Miklós Kovács. Both authors wrote a hymnal in the Prekmurje Slovene, which has not survived.

Konkolics was born in Mali Dolenci (today Dolenci, Prekmurje) in the Kingdom of Hungary, the son of the farmer Ádám Konkolics and Mária Nemes. In 1910 Konkolics and Kovács contributed to the appearance of János Zsupánek's hymnal Mrtvecsne peszmi, which also supported the politician József Klekl and his cousin József Klekl Jr., the priest in Dolenci.

He died and is buried in Šalovci.
Yarlaganda
Yarlaganda (fl. late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 17th Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the "Sumerian King List" (SKL). According to the SKL: Yarlaganda was the successor of Puzur-Suen. Si'um then succeeded Yarlaganda (likewise according to the SKL.).

Si'um
Si'um, also Siium, or Sium (𒋛𒅇𒌝, si-u-um, fl. late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 18th Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the "Sumerian King List" (SKL). According to the SKL, Si'um was the successor of Yarlaganda, and the last king of the Gutians before Tirigan.

A tablet is known, dated to c. 2130 BCE, mentioning the allegiance of Lugalanatum prince of Umma to Sium, King of the Gutians.

Name "Si-u-um" on the tablet, and corresponding standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform

Mention of the Gutian dynasty of Sumer in the tablet (last column: 𒄖𒋾𒌝𒆠, gu-ti-umKI)
Securities fraud
Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information.  The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally result in unfair monetary losses for the investors. They are generally violating securities laws.

Securities fraud can also include outright theft from investors (embezzlement by stockbrokers), stock manipulation, misstatements on a public company's financial reports, and lying to corporate auditors. The term encompasses a wide range of other actions, including insider trading, front running and other illegal acts on the trading floor of a stock or commodity exchange.

Boiler room (business)
In business, a boiler room is an outbound call center selling questionable investments by telephone. It usually refers to a room where salespeople work using unfair, dishonest sales tactics, sometimes selling penny stocks or private placements or committing outright stock fraud. A common boiler room tactic is the use of falsified and bolstered information in combination with verified company-released information. The term is pejorative: it is often used to imply high-pressure sales tactics and, sometimes, poor working conditions.
Euclid's orchard
In mathematics, informally speaking, Euclid's orchard is an array of one-dimensional "trees" of unit height planted at the lattice points in one quadrant of a square lattice. More formally, Euclid's orchard is the set of line segments from (x, y, 0) to (x, y, 1), where x and y are positive integers.

The trees visible from the origin are those at lattice points (x, y, 0), where x and y are coprime, i.e., where the fraction ⁠x/y⁠ is in reduced form. The name Euclid's orchard is derived from the Euclidean algorithm.

If the orchard is projected relative to the origin onto the plane x + y = 1 (or, equivalently, drawn in perspective from a viewpoint at the origin) the tops of the trees form a graph of Thomae's function. The point (x, y, 1) projects to

The solution to the Basel problem can be used to show that the proportion of points in the ⁠⁠ grid that have trees on them is approximately  and that the error of this approximation goes to zero in the limit as n goes to infinity.

Square lattice
In mathematics, the square lattice is a type of lattice in a two-dimensional Euclidean space. It is the two-dimensional version of the integer lattice, denoted as ⁠⁠. It is one of the five types of two-dimensional lattices as classified by their symmetry groups; its symmetry group in IUC notation as p4m, Coxeter notation as [4,4], and orbifold notation as *442.

Two orientations of an image of the lattice are by far the most common. They can conveniently be referred to as the upright square lattice and diagonal square lattice; the latter is also called the centered square lattice. They differ by an angle of 45°. This is related to the fact that a square lattice can be partitioned into two square sub-lattices, as is evident in the colouring of a checkerboard.
End of Summer (1977 film)
End of Summer is a 1977 Australian television film directed by Oscar Whitbread and written by Cliff Green. 
With a story concerning rural depression and a family leaving their farm, it was adapted from Green's earlier screenplay Moving On for the Commonwealth Film Unit.

It was first broadcast as part of the ABC's Stuart Wagstaff's World Playhouse series.

End of Summer received the 1978 Sammy Award for Best TV Play.

Stuart Wagstaff's World Playhouse
Stuart Wagstaff's World Playhouse is an Australian anthology series that aired on the ABC. Plays were introduced by Stuart Wagstaff.

They came from overseas but also included Australian-written works. However, by 1979 the series consisting entirely of foreign plays.
Eddie DeGarmo
Eddie DeGarmo (born October 3, 1954) is an American contemporary Christian music recording artist, keyboardist, producer and singer. He became best friends with guitarist/lead vocalist Dana Key in first grade, and co-founded the Christian rock group DeGarmo and Key with him in 1978. DeGarmo played keyboards and provided vocals for the band.

DeGarmo was one of the founders of Christian music label ForeFront Records. After almost twenty years performing with DeGarmo and Key, DeGarmo influenced other areas of the Christian music industry as an executive at ForeFront Records. DeGarmo, like Key, hails from Memphis, Tennessee. He is the uncle of singer and Broadway actress Diana DeGarmo.

ForeFront Records
ForeFront Records is a contemporary Christian music and Christian rock record label founded in 1987 by Dan R. Brock, Eddie DeGarmo, Dana Key, and Ron W. Griffin. It was purchased by EMI in 1996 from Dan R. Brock and Eddie DeGarmo, and is a division of Universal Music Group under Capitol Christian Music Group.

In 1998, ForeFront released Ten: The Birthday Album, a two-CD compilation to celebrate their 10th anniversary that featured songs from several of their artists at the time with several song remakes of older songs performed by new bands.
Trianon Mosque
The Trianon Mosque (Greek: Τζαμί Τριανόν), also known as the Old Mosque (Greek: Παλαιό Τζαμί) is a former mosque in the town of Nafplio, in the Peloponnese region of Greece.

Completed in the 16th century, during the Ottoman era, it is the oldest surviving example of Ottoman architecture in Nafplion. During the Ottoman rule it was located in the Grand Vizier's quarter or the quarter of Sultan Ahmed, in the center of the town's market. The building was subsequently repurposed for profane use from c. 1823, including as a cinema and for cultural use.

Nafplio
Nafplio or Nauplio (Greek: Ναύπλιο, romanized: Náfplio) is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece. It is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the Middle Ages during the Frankokratia as part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia, held initially by the de la Roche following the Fourth Crusade before coming under the Republic of Venice and, lastly, the Ottoman Empire. The city was the second capital of the First Hellenic Republic and of the Kingdom of Greece, from 1827 until 1834.