hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Uru of Chʼimu
Uru of Chʼimu is an extinct dialect of Uru or distinct Uru–Chipaya language once spoken by the Uros, an Amerindian people, who live on reed islands in Puno Bay in western Lake Titicaca in Peru.

Chʼimu Uru was first identified in 1929 by Lehmann, whose notes, comprising 324 words and some very basic grammatical notes, are in the Library of the Ibero-American Institute in Berlin. Torero (1992) claims that Uru of Chʼimu is the most divergent of the three Uru–Chipaya languages.

Uru language
The Uru language, more specifically known as Iru-Itu, and Uchumataqu, is an extinct language formerly spoken by the Uru people. In 2004, it had 2 remaining native speakers out of an ethnic group of 140 people in the La Paz Department, Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, the rest having shifted to Aymara and Spanish. The language is close enough to the Chipaya language to sometimes be considered a dialect of that language.

Uru is also called Ochosuma (Uchuzuma), a historical name for the Uru ethnic group.

In 2010, there was 1 single native speaker left of this language. By 2012 the language had no speakers left. However, the Uru community has been interested in revitalizing their language and maintaining their culture.
Musbury Valley
The Musbury Valley is a small valley in the Helmshore area of Rossendale Valley, Lancashire. Musbury Brook flows through its length, and its south side is flanked and dominated by Musbury Tor. In the 14th century it was part of the Earl of Lincoln's hunting park. Most of the Musbury valley is now sheep grazing pasture. To the south is Musbury Tor and Alden Valley; to the north-west is Musbury Heights and, beyond, the Grane Valley. Beginning as Long Grain Water on Musden Head Moor, the stream becomes Musbury Brook after its confluence with Short Grain Water. It flows in a north-westerly direction to join the River Ogden, a tributary of the River Irwell.

Helmshore
Helmshore (/hɛlmˈʃɔːr/) is a village in the Rossendale Valley, Lancashire, England, south of Haslingden between the A56 and the B6235, 16 miles (26 km) north of Manchester. The population at the 2011 census was 5,805. The housing in Helmshore is mixed, with some two-up, two-down terraces, top-and-bottom houses and a few surviving back-to-back cottages. Between the 1970s and 2020 new housing estates have proliferated.
Sozialgeld
Sozialgeld (social benefit) to § 28 SGB II was a special performance of the German welfare system, which the social assistance (HLU) from the Twelfth Book of the Social substituted for vulnerable persons

are not of working age and

3 SGB II leben und live with able bodied people who qualify for benefits under SGB II, in a "unit" within the meaning of § 7 para 3 SGB II (such as a family)

if they are not entitled to basic protection under § 41 SGB XII.

In addition, not employable, minor children of eligible students are entitled to the EED to the social benefit.

On 1 January 2023 Sozialgeld was replaced by Bürgergeld (
Act of (in German) Abs. 1 Satz 2 SGB II).

Bürgergeld
The Bürgergeld (German pronunciation: [ˈbʏɐ̯ɡɐɡɛlt], lit. 'citizens' money') is Germany's unemployment benefits system introduced on 1 January 2023. The Bürgergeld was developed by Olaf Scholz's coalition government and ratified by Germany's two chambers in November 2022.

Compared to its predecessor Arbeitslosengeld II commonly known as Hartz IV, it has a higher unemployment grant (Regelsatz), with adult jobseekers living alone receiving a default sum of €502 per month plus standard rates for rent and energy, compared to the previous €449. In 2024, it was increased to €563. The introduction of Bürgergeld also increased the amount of personal savings that beneficiaries can hold without a part of their unemployment grant being deducted. A single adult can own up to €40,000. Bürgergeld also replaced the Sozialgeld, a benefit for people who cannot work.
Youth-adult partnership
Youth-adult partnership is a conscious relationship that establishes and sustains intergenerational equity between young people and adults. Youth-adult partnerships often display a high degree of youth rights and autonomy, and is often synonymous with meaningful youth participation. Typically seen with adults acting in a mentor capacity, providing scaffolding to the youth. Unlike traditional mentoring, youth-adult partnerships are categorized by multiple adults and multiple youth and there must also be a mutuality where adults and youth teach and learn from one another, working together in their community.

Youth rights
The youth rights movement (also known as youth liberation) seeks to grant the rights to young people that are traditionally reserved for adults. This is closely akin to the notion of evolving capacities within the children's rights movement, but the youth rights movement differs from the children's rights movement in that the latter places emphasis on the welfare and protection of children through the actions and decisions of adults, while the youth rights movement seeks to grant youth the liberty to make their own decisions autonomously in the ways adults are permitted to, or to abolish the legal minimum ages at which such rights are acquired, such as the age of majority and the voting age.

Codified youth rights constitute one aspect of how youth are treated in society. Other aspects include social questions of how adults see and treat youth, and how open a society is to youth participation.
Einion Yrth ap Cunedda
Einion Yrth ap Cunedda (c. 440 – c. 500; reigned c. 470 – c. 480), also known as Einion Yrth (Welsh for "the Impetuous"), was a king of Gwynedd. He is claimed as an ancestor of the later rulers of North Wales.

One of the sons of Cunedda, he travelled with his father to North Wales in the early 450s to expel Irish raiders from the region. After his father's death, Einion inherited control over the newly founded kingdom of Gwynedd. Aided by his brother Ceredig, ruler of Ceredigion, and his nephew Meirion, ruler of Meirionnydd, Einion built upon his father's successes and further established his family's rule in the region. He was succeeded by two sons: Cadwallon Lawhir and Owain Danwyn.

Owain Danwyn
Owain Danwyn (fl. 440) was a king of Rhos in Gwynedd, northwestern Wales, in the mid-5th century. He was the son of Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and the father of Cynlas Goch, probably the Cuneglasus excoriated by Gildas. Very little is known of his life. Graham Phillips and Martin Keatman proposed a theory that he was the historical figure behind the legend of King Arthur.
1960 All-America college football team
The 1960 All-America college football team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose All-America college football teams in 1960. The six selectors recognized by the NCAA as "official" for the 1960 season are (1) the American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), (2) the Associated Press (AP), (3) the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), (4) the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA), (5) the Sporting News, and (6) the United Press International (UPI).

Seven players, including 1960 Heisman Trophy winner Joe Bellino of Navy, and College and Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees Mike Ditka of Pitt and Bob Lilly of TCU, were unanimously named first-team All-Americans by all six official selectors.

Bob Lilly
Robert Lewis Lilly (born July 26, 1939), nicknamed "Mr. Cowboy", is an American former professional football defensive tackle who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the TCU Horned Frogs. Lilly was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1980 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1981.
Killemtine
The Killemtine (Russian: Киллэмтиинэ or Гиллябкина; Yakut: Киллэмтиинэ) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russian Federation. It is a right hand tributary of the Vakunayka, of the Chona basin, and is 196 kilometres (122 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 3,830 square kilometres (1,480 sq mi).

There are no permanent settlements by the river. The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.

Vakunayka
The Vakunayka (Russian: Вакунайка; Yakut: Вакунайка) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is a right hand tributary of the Chona, and is 363 kilometres (226 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 10,100 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi).

There are no permanent settlements by the Vakunayka. The Russian Geographical Society organized an expedition in 1853–55 to survey the orography, geology and population of the Vilyuy and Chona basins.
Fernando Heydrich
Fernando Heydrich Klein (26 January 1827 – April 1, 1903) was a German businessman, politician, engineer and sculptor who lived in Matanzas, Cuba. Builder of the Aqueduct of Matanzas, he was politically engaged, playing a significant role during the Ten Years' War in Cuba.

Married to Maria-Candelaria Martínez y Valdez, he was father of American Consul Alfredo Heydrich and Emilio Heydrich; he was also an ancestor of the artists Daniel Garbade and Juan Esnard Heydrich. He died in 1903, and was laid to rest at the Necropolis San Carlos Borromeo, Matanzas.

Juan Esnard Heydrich
Juan Esnard Heydrich (Matanzas 1917 – 1998) was a Cuban sculptor. His career took off in the 1970s with the new regime of Fidel Castro, who commissioned several monuments on the revolution and personalities of Cuban history.

He studied at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes "San Alejandro", 1935 – 1940, and founded with Rafael Soriano, Manuel Rodulfo Tardo, Roberto Juan Diago Querol and José Felipe Nuñez the Provincial School of Fine Arts in Matanzas. He is second cousin of Swiss-Cuban painter Garbade and grandson of Fernando Heydrich, sculptor and founder of the aqueduct of Matanzas.
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier stop
Tuen Mun Ferry Pier (Chinese: 屯門碼頭) is an MTR Light Rail terminus located at ground level inside Pierhead Garden, Tuen Mun Ferry Pier, Wu Chui Road in Tuen Mun, Tuen Mun District, Hong Kong. It began service on 18 September 1988, and belongs to Zone 1. It serves Tuen Mun Ferry Pier and nearby residential buildings. This station will link to the Tuen Mun South station in 2030, when the Tuen Ma Line extends to this station.

The terminus has seven platforms. Platform 2 is used for route 507, platform 3 for routes 615 and 615P, platform 4 for route 610, and platform 5 for routes 614 and 614P. Platforms 1 and 6 are reserved for backup purposes, while Platform 7 is for alighting only. It also has a customer service centre and a bus terminus.

The stop has six platforms for terminating lines, the most in the system.

Light Rail (MTR)
The Light Rail, also known as the Light Rail Transit (LRT) (and formerly known as KCR Light Rail until 2 December 2007), officially the North-West Railway, is a light rail system in Hong Kong, serving the northwestern New Territories, within Tuen Mun District and Yuen Long District. The system operates over 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge track, using 750 V DC overhead power supply. It was once one of four systems comprising the KCR network in Hong Kong, before the MTR–KCR merger in 2007. It has a daily ridership of about 483,000 people. The network is coloured goldenrod on the MTR map.
Ranson criteria
The Ranson criteria form a clinical prediction rule for predicting the prognosis and mortality risk of acute pancreatitis. They were introduced in 1974 by the English-American pancreatic expert and surgeon Dr. John Ranson (1938–1995).

Clinical prediction rule
A clinical prediction rule or clinical probability assessment specifies how to use medical signs, symptoms, and other findings to estimate the probability of a specific disease or clinical outcome.

Physicians have difficulty in estimated risks of diseases; frequently erring towards overestimation, perhaps due to cognitive biases such as base rate fallacy in which the risk of an adverse outcome is exaggerated.
ZAON Kifissia
ZAON Kifissia (Greek: ΖΑΟΝ Κηφησιάς) is a Greek multisport club based in Kifissia, a suburb of Athens. It was founded in 1962. The full name of the club is Zirineios Athlitikos Omilos Neon (Greek: Ζηρίνειος Αθλητικός Όμιλος Νέων). The club has departments in several sports. The most successful department is the volleyball women team that has won Greek championships and cups. Concretely, the women volleyball team has won five Greek Championships and one Greek Cup. In current season ZAON women volleyball team plays in A2 Ethniki (second division). Seat of the club is the Zirineion gymnasium in Kifissia. The club's colours are red and white.

Kifissia
Kifisia or Kifissia (historically Kephisia or Cephissia; Greek: Κηφισιά, pronounced [cifiˈsça]) is a municipality belonging to the Athens urban area, Attica, Greece and a large northern suburb. It is mainly accessed by Kifisias Avenue, starting from central Athens and ending in the suburb of Nea Erythraia. It has traditionally been considered one of the most affluent suburbs of Athens and has been home to major Greek political families.
Lincoln Square, Chicago
Lincoln Square is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States, located on the North Side of Chicago. It encompasses the smaller neighborhoods of Ravenswood, Ravenswood Gardens, Bowmanville, Budlong Woods, as well as Lincoln Square itself.

The Chicago Lincoln
The Chicago Lincoln is a statue of a standing, beardless Abraham Lincoln in Lincoln Square, Chicago.  The statue was designed by Lloyd Ostendorf for a city contest and modeled by sculptor Avard Fairbanks. The statue was erected on October 16, 1956.
Jackson State–Southern football rivalry
The Jackson State–Southern football rivalry, often informally called the BoomBox Classic, is a college football rivalry between the Tigers of Jackson State University (JSU) and the Jaguars of Southern University (SU). An annual conference game between two historically black universities in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC), its location usually rotates between JSU's Mississippi Veterans Memorial Stadium in Jackson, Mississippi and SU's A. W. Mumford Stadium in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, but it has also been held at larger venues to accommodate the large crowds that the game draws. As of 2025, the Jaguars lead the series 37–36.

Southern Jaguars football
The Southern Jaguars are the college football team representing Southern University. The Jaguars play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The Jaguars started collegiate football in 1916, and played in the Gulf Coast Athletic Conference before joining the SWAC in 1934.

Every late November they play their last regular season game against in-state rival Grambling in the Bayou Classic in New Orleans, Louisiana. Another notable football rivalry, dubbed the "BoomBox Classic", is played against Jackson State yearly.
Ie, Noardeast-Fryslân
Ie is a village in the northern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, east of Dokkum. Ie had approximately 834 inhabitants in January 2017. Before 2019, the village was part of the Dongeradeel municipality.

There are various types of buildings in Ie, including a church built in the 13th century. A flax museum of the Netherlands is also located in Ie. Ie has mostly remained an intact rural village.

Ie has the shortest name of all places in the Netherlands.

Dongeradeel
Dongeradeel (Dutch: [ˈdɔŋəraːˌdeːl] ⓘ; West Frisian: Dongeradiel [ˈdoŋəraˌdiəl] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the northern Netherlands. In 2019 it merged with the municipalities of Ferwerderadiel and Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland to form the new municipality Noardeast-Fryslân.
Kōnotori-no-sato Station
Kōnotori-no-sato Station (コウノトリの郷駅, Kōnotori-no-sato-eki) is a passenger railway station in located in the city of Toyooka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway company Willer Trains (Kyoto Tango Railway).

Toyooka, Hyōgo
Toyooka (豊岡市, Toyooka-shi) is a city in the northern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the city had an estimated population of 78,348 in 37,769 households and a population density of 110 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 697.55 square kilometres (269.33 sq mi).
Zambelli Fireworks
Zambelli Fireworks is a fireworks company based in New Castle, Pennsylvania in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The company was founded in Naples, Italy by Antonio Zambelli in 1893. Zambelli immigrated to the United States and established "Zambelli Fireworks Manufacturing Company" in New Castle, incorporating it on August 3, 1960.

New Castle, Pennsylvania
New Castle is a city in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. Located along the Shenango River at the mouth of Neshannock Creek, it is 43 miles (69 km) northwest of Pittsburgh near the Pennsylvania–Ohio border, approximately 17 miles (27 km) southeast of Youngstown, Ohio. The city had a population of 21,926 as of the 2020 census. The commercial center of a fertile agricultural region, New Castle is included in the northwestern fringes of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.
KIHR
KIHR (1340 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Hood River, Oregon, United States. The station, which began broadcasting in 1950, is currently owned by Bicoastal Media and the broadcast license is held by Bicoastal Media Licenses IV, LLC.

Hood River, Oregon
Hood River is a city in and the county seat of Hood River County, Oregon, United States. It is a port on the Columbia River, and is named for the nearby Hood River. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 8,313. It is the only city in Oregon where public consumption of alcohol on sidewalks or parks is completely unrestricted.
Richard Dumas
Richard Wayne Dumas Jr. (born May 19, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player.  Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, he is the son of former American Basketball Association (ABA) player Rich Dumas.

Rich Dumas
Richard Wayne Dumas Sr. (April 21, 1944 – November 19, 1991) was an American basketball player. A 6'5" shooting guard, he starred at Northeastern State before playing professionally for the Houston Mavericks in the American Basketball Association.
Snow Dog
Snow Dog is a 1950 American Northern film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Kirby Grant, Elena Verdugo and Rick Vallin. It was the third of a series of ten films featuring Grant as a Canadian Mountie.

Northern (genre)
The Northern or Northwestern is a genre in various arts that tell stories set primarily in the late 19th or early 20th century in the north of North America, primarily in western Canada but also in Alaska. It is similar to the Western genre, but certain elements are different, as appropriate to its setting. It is common for the central character to be a Mountie instead of a cowboy or sheriff. Other common characters include fur trappers and traders, lumberjacks, frontiersmen, prospectors, First Nations people, outlaws, settlers, and townsfolk.

International interest in the region and the genre was fuelled by the Klondike Gold Rush (1896–99) and subsequent works surrounding it, fiction and non-fiction. The genre was extremely popular in the interwar period of the 20th century. Northerns are still produced, but their popularity waned in the late 1950s.
Hot hand
The hot hand (also known as the hot hand phenomenon or hot hand fallacy) is the putative tendency for an athlete to have streaks of success higher than their average performance. The concept is often applied to sports and skill-based tasks in general and originates from basketball, where a shooter is assumed to be more likely to score if their previous attempts were successful – i.e., while having the "hot hand". Researchers for many years did not find evidence for a "hot hand" in practice, dismissing it as fallacious. However, later research questioned whether the belief is indeed a fallacy. Some recent studies using modern statistical analysis have observed evidence for the "hot hand" in some sporting activities; however, other recent studies have not observed evidence of the "hot hand". Moreover, evidence suggests that only a small subset of players may show a "hot hand" and, among those who do, the magnitude (i.e., effect size) of the "hot hand" tends to be small.

Gambler's fallacy
The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that, if an event (whose occurrences are independent and identically distributed) has occurred less frequently than expected, it is more likely to happen again in the future (or vice versa). The fallacy is commonly associated with gambling, where it may be believed, for example, that the next dice roll is more likely to be six than is usually the case because there have recently been fewer than the expected number of sixes.

The term  "Monte Carlo fallacy" originates from an example of the phenomenon, in which the roulette wheel spun black 26 times in succession at the Monte Carlo Casino in 1913.
The History of White People in America
The History of White People in America was a series of 30-minute mockumentary-style vignettes, first broadcast on American television Cinemax beginning in 1985, and later re-edited for home video release.

Martin Mull
Martin Eugene Mull (/ˈmʊl/, August 18, 1943 – June 27, 2024) was an American actor, musician, and painter. He became known on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, its spin-off Fernwood 2 Night, and America 2 Night. His other notable roles included Colonel Mustard in the 1985 film Clue, Leon Carp on Roseanne, Willard Kraft on Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Vlad Masters/Vlad Plasmius on Danny Phantom, and Gene Parmesan on Arrested Development. He had a recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Russell, a drug-using, humorous pharmacist.
Ceropales
Ceropales is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae.  They are characterised by the taking of the spider prey of other solitary wasps, mainly Pompilidae but members of the Sphecidae that provision with spider prey are sometimes also hosts. In some languages their name translates into English as "cuckoo spider wasp".

Ceropalinae
The Ceropalinae are a subfamily of the Pompilidae, the spider wasps, containing two genera, whose members are kleptoparasitic on other solitary wasps which hunt spiders, mainly fellow members of the Pompilidae.

The two genera within the Ceropalinae are

Ceropales Latreille, 1796

Irenangelus Schultz 1906
Heegner point
In mathematics, a Heegner point is a point on a modular curve that is the image of a quadratic imaginary point of the upper half-plane. Heegner points were defined by Bryan Birch and named after Kurt Heegner, who used similar ideas to prove Gauss's conjecture on imaginary quadratic fields of class number one.

Class number problem
In mathematics, the Gauss class number problem (for imaginary quadratic fields), as usually understood, is to provide for each n ≥ 1 a complete list of imaginary quadratic fields  (for negative integers d) having class number n. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. It can also be stated in terms of discriminants. There are related questions for real quadratic fields and for the behavior as .

The difficulty is in effective computation of bounds: for a given discriminant, it is easy to compute the class number, and there are several ineffective lower bounds on class number (meaning that they involve a constant that is not computed), but effective bounds (and explicit proofs of completeness of lists) are harder.