hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Frankie Armstrong
Frankie Armstrong (born 13 January 1941) is an English singer and voice teacher. She has worked as a singer in the folk scene and the women's movement and as a trainer in social and youth work. Her repertoire ranges from traditional ballads to music-hall and contemporary songs, often focusing on the lives of women.

She is a key mover of the natural voice movement and is the president of the natural voice network, and has been a voice coach for theatrical groups, including at the National Theatre for 18 years. Involved with folk and political songs from the 1950s, she has performed and/or recorded with Blowzabella, the Orckestra (with Henry Cow and the Mike Westbrook Brass Band), Ken Hyder's Talisker, John Kirkpatrick, Brian Pearson, Leon Rosselson, Dave Van Ronk and Maddy Prior. She is blind from glaucoma.

Alasdair Roberts (musician)
Alasdair Roberts (born 8 August 1977) is a Scottish folk musician. He released a number of albums under the name Appendix Out and, following the 2001 album The Night Is Advancing, under his own name. Roberts is also known for his frequent collaborations with other musicians and writers, as well as for being a member of the folk supergroup The Furrow Collective.
Pinus strobiformis
Pinus strobiformis, also known as Chihuahua white pine, is a medium-sized white pine tree endemic to western Mexico in the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range. It is typically a high-elevation pine growing mixed with other conifers in montane forest. It was formerly considered conspecific with Pinus reflexa (southwestern white pine) of the southwestern United States and Pinus stylesii of northeastern Mexico, but is now treated as distinct from these.

Pinus stylesii
Pinus stylesii is a species of pine in the family Pinaceae, native to the northern Sierra Madre Oriental mountains of northeastern Mexico. A tree reaching 25 m (82 ft), it is a member of Pinus subsection Strobus. It was split off from Pinus strobiformis, which is found in the Sierra Madre Occidental.
Little Cockup
Little Cockup is a fell in the Northern Fells area of the Lake District, Cumbria, England. It is located in the Uldale Fells, about 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Skiddaw, near the larger fell of Great Cockup 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the east, and has an elevation of 395 metres (1,296 ft). Another hill called plain Cockup is about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the south.

Northern Fells
The Northern Fells are a part of the Cumbrian Mountains in the Lake District of England. Including Skiddaw, they occupy a wide area to the north of Keswick. Smooth, sweeping slopes predominate, with a minimum of tarns or crags. Blencathra in the south-east of the group is the principal exception to this trend.
Nieuwenhagen
Nieuwenhagen is a former village in the Dutch province of Limburg. It is now a part of the municipality of Landgraaf.

Nieuwenhagen was a separate municipality until 1982, when it became a part of Landgraaf.

Landgraaf
Landgraaf (Dutch: [ˈlɑntxraːf] ⓘ; Limburgish: Lankgraaf [ˈlɑŋkxʀaːf]) is a municipality in southeastern Limburg, Netherlands, forming part of the Parkstad Limburg agglomeration. SnowWorld is the largest indoor ski piste in Europe.
Fontaneto d'Agogna
Fontaneto d'Agogna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Novara. It takes its name from the Agogna stream.

Fontaneto d'Agogna borders the following municipalities: Borgomanero, Cavaglietto, Cavaglio d'Agogna, Cavallirio, Cressa, Cureggio, Ghemme, Romagnano Sesia, and Suno.

Suno, Piedmont
Suno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Turin and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Novara.

Suno borders the following municipalities: Agrate Conturbia, Bogogno, Cavaglietto, Cressa, Fontaneto d'Agogna, Mezzomerico, and Vaprio d'Agogna.
Gentile de' Becchi
Gentile de' Becchi (1420/1430 – 1497) was an Italian bishop, diplomat, orator and writer. He was a member of the Platonic Academy of the Medici of Florence and tutor of Lorenzo the Magnificent and his son Giovanni de' Medici, later Pope Leo X. Of his writings there exist many letters, poems in Latin, and prayers which are praised by historian Cecil Grayson as his finest works.

Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro
The Diocese of Arezzo-Cortona-Sansepolcro (Latin: Dioecesis Arretina-Cortonensis-Biturgensis seu Burgi Sancti Sepulchri) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church. It has existed since 1986. In that year the historic diocese of Arezzo was combined with the diocese of Cortona and the diocese of Sansepolcro, the enlarged diocese being suffragan of the archdiocese of Florence.
Percy Wenrich
Percy Wenrich (January 23, 1880 – March 17, 1952) was an American composer of ragtime and popular music. He is best known for writing the songs "Put on Your Old Grey Bonnet" and "When You Wore a Tulip and I Wore a Big Red Rose", along with the rag "The Smiler". For more than 15 years, Wenrich toured with his wife, vaudeville performer, Dolly Connolly; for whom he wrote several hit songs, including "Red Rose Rag", "Alamo Rag" and "Moonlight Bay". He was known throughout his lifetime as "The Joplin Kid".

Joplin, Missouri
Joplin is a city in Jasper and Newton counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. Most of the city lies in Jasper County, with the southern portion extending into Newton County. With a population of 51,762 at the 2020 census, Joplin is the 12th most-populous city in the state. The city covers an area of 38.21 square miles (99.0 km2) on the outer edge of the Ozark Mountains in southwestern Missouri. Joplin is the principal city of the three-county Joplin metropolitan area, which is home to 210,077 people and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Missouri. In May 2011, a violent EF5 tornado killed more than 150 people and destroyed one-third of the city.
Nantwich Museum
Nantwich Museum is a local museum in the town of Nantwich, Cheshire, northwest England, founded in 1980. The museum is housed in the former public library, dating from 1888. Collections focus on Cheshire's role in the English Civil War, and the area's history of salt production and cheese-making, as well as the manufacture of shoes, clothing and clocks.

Nantwich
Nantwich (/ˈnæntwɪtʃ/ NAN-twitch) is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East in Cheshire, England. It has among the highest concentrations of listed buildings in England, with notably good examples of Tudor and Georgian architecture. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 14,045 and the built up area had a population of 18,740.
Wayne Corporation
The Wayne Corporation was an American manufacturer of buses and other vehicles under the "Wayne" marque. The corporate headquarters were in Richmond, in Wayne County, Indiana. During the mid‐20th century, Wayne served as a leading producer of school buses in North America.

Among innovations introduced by the company were the first application of cutaway van chassis for a school bus and an improvement in structural integrity in bus body construction, involving the use of continuous longitudinal panels to reduce body joints; the design change happened before federal standards required stronger body structures in school buses.

After 1980, Wayne faced difficulty competing in a market with overcapacity. Declaring bankruptcy, the company discontinued operations in 1992 and its assets were liquidated. Later in 1992, the Wayne brand was reorganized as Wayne Wheeled Vehicles, doing business through 1995.

Multi-stop truck
A multi-stop truck (also known as a step van, walk-in van, delivery van, or bread truck; "truck" and "van" are interchangeable in some dialects) is a type of commercial vehicle designed to make multiple deliveries or stops, with easy access to the transported cargo held in the rear. They first appeared in the United States in the 1920s. They are usually vans or trucks designed to be used as fleet vehicles by businesses within local areas.

Former and current manufacturers of multi-stop trucks include Morgan Olson, Utilimaster, Workhorse Group, Freightliner Trucks, International Motors, Ford, General Motors, International Harvester, Flxible, Pak-Age-Car, Gerstenslager and Divco.
Maków Podhalański
Maków Podhalański [ˈmakuf pɔtxaˈlaɲskʲi] (known as Maków until 1930) is a town in southern Poland, on the Skawa river. Population: 5,738 (2006).

Since 1999 situated in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Previously (1975–1998) in Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship.

Sucha County
Sucha County (Polish: powiat suski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sucha Beskidzka, which lies 44 kilometres (27 mi) south-west of the voivodeship capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Maków Podhalański, lying 7 km (4 mi) east of Sucha Beskidzka, and Jordanów, 20 km (12 mi) south-east of Sucha Beskidzka.

The county covers an area of 685.75 square kilometres (264.8 sq mi). As of 2006 its total population is 82,045, out of which the population of Sucha Beskidzka is 9,726, that of Maków Podhalański is 5,738, that of Jordanów is 5,112, and the rural population is 61,469.
Lake Agassiz
Lake Agassiz (/ˈæɡəsi/ AG-ə-see) was a large proglacial lake that existed in central North America during the late Pleistocene, fed by meltwater from the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial period. At its peak, the lake's area was larger than all of the modern Great Lakes combined. It eventually drained into what is now Hudson Bay, leaving behind Lake Winnipeg, Lake Winnipegosis, Lake Manitoba, and Lake of the Woods.

First postulated in 1823 by William H. Keating, it was named by Warren Upham in 1879 after Louis Agassiz, the then recently deceased (1873) founder of glaciology, when Upham recognized that the lake was formed by glacial action.

Clearwater River (Saskatchewan)
The Clearwater River is  located in the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. It rises in the northern forest region of north-western Saskatchewan and joins the Athabasca River in north-eastern Alberta. It was part of an important trade route during the fur trade era and has been designated as a Canadian Heritage River.
James Aloysius Hoare
James Aloysius Hoare, CFC (1813 - 1902 was the third Superior General of the Congregation of Christian Brothers. He succeeded Michael Paul Riordan to the position in 1862. He stepped down in 1880 and was succeeded by Anthony Maxwell.

Congregation of Christian Brothers
The Congregation of Christian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Christianorum; abbreviated CFC) is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice.

Their first school opened in Waterford, Ireland, in 1802. At the time of its foundation, though much relieved from the harshest of the Penal Laws by the Relief Acts, Catholics faced much discrimination throughout the newly created United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pending full Catholic emancipation in 1829.

This congregation is sometimes referred to as simply "the Christian Brothers", leading to confusion with the De La Salle Brothers—also known as the Christian Brothers, sometimes by Lasallian organisations themselves. As such, Rice's congregation is sometimes called the Irish Christian Brothers or the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers.
Galeries d'Anjou
Galeries d'Anjou (formerly "CF Galeries d'Anjou") is a shopping mall located in the borough of Anjou in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Major tenants include Simons, The Brick, Best Buy, Winners, Sports Experts/Atmosphere and Aubainerie.

Formerly owned by Cadillac Fairview, the mall had long been associated with the company's other shopping centres in the area Fairview Pointe-Claire, Carrefour Laval and Promenades Saint-Bruno. It is now wholly owned by Ivanhoé Cambridge and operated by JLL. It is one of two super-regional malls in eastern Montreal, along with Place Versailles. Galeries d'Anjou is over 1,100,000 sq ft (100,000 m2) and was by far the largest shopping mall on the Island of Montreal throughout the 1970s and much of the 1980s.

Carrefour Laval
Carrefour Laval (corporately styled as "CF Carrefour Laval") is a superregional shopping mall in Laval, Quebec, Canada. It is located in the Chomedey neighbourhood of the city at the intersection of Laurentian Autoroute (A-15) and Autoroute Jean-Noël-Lavoie (A-440).

At 115,478 m2 or 1,242,990 sq ft, it is both the largest enclosed shopping centre in the Greater Montreal area and the largest mall operating on a single floor in all of Quebec. Virtually untouched by the ongoing decline of indoor malls, it typically ranks among the top shopping centres in Quebec for its number of visitors as well as sales per 1 sq ft (0.093 m2) and has been home to many retail firsts in the province.
Micropolypodium
Micropolypodium is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

It is native to China, Japan, and the Philippines.

Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family includes around 65 genera and an estimated 1,650 species and is placed in the order Polypodiales, suborder Polypodiineae. A broader circumscription has also been used, in which the family includes other families kept separate in PPG I. Nearly all species are epiphytes, but some are terrestrial.
Freetown-Fall River State Forest
The Freetown-Fall River State Forest (commonly shortened to Freetown State Forest) is a publicly owned forest covering more than 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) in the city of Fall River and the towns of Freetown and Lakeville in the state of Massachusetts. The forest lies mostly in the center of the town of Freetown (about a third of the town) dividing Assonet, East Freetown, and Fall River's northernmost boundary. The forest land includes Profile Rock, a granite outcropping which local Native Americans believe to be the image of Chief Massasoit, and a 227-acre (92 ha) Pocasset reservation. The forest is owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and operated by the Department of Conservation and Recreation with headquarters in Assonet.

East Freetown, Massachusetts
East Freetown is one of two villages in the town of Freetown, Massachusetts, United States.  Added to the town in 1747, East Freetown was originally an outpost settlement of Tiverton, Rhode Island, then a part of Massachusetts.  It rests on the shore of Long Pond.
New Castle Historic Commercial District
The New Castle Historic Commercial District in New Castle, Kentucky is a historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.

The 6.24 acres (2.53 ha) listed area includes 29 contributing buildings.  It includes the Italianate-style Henry County Courthouse, which was separately listed on the National Register in 1977.

New Castle's historic center is somewhat different from those of other Kentucky county seat towns, as it never had a railroad.  Railroads reached most county seats by around 1920 and shaped development significantly.  Most of the contributing buildings in the district are one- or two-story brick structures;  three are log buildings.

Henry County Courthouse, Jail, and Warden's House
The Henry County Courthouse, Jail, and Warden's House in New Castle, Kentucky was built in 1875.  It was designed by the McDonald Brothers in a mix of Italianate, Second Empire, and other styles.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

It is a six-bay two-story brick building on a rusticated stone foundation.  A stone jail and brick jailer's house extend to the rear, making the overall plan T-shaped.

In 2016, the building was listed as a contributing building to the New Castle Historic Commercial District.
15th Airlift Squadron
The 15th Airlift Squadron is part of the 437th Airlift Wing at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. It operates Boeing C-17 Globemaster III aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission worldwide.

437th Airlift Wing
The 437th Airlift Wing (437 AW) is an active unit of the United States Air Force, assigned to 21st Air Force, Air Mobility Command.  It is the mission wing at Charleston Air Force Base, Joint Base Charleston, in the City of North Charleston, South Carolina.

The 437 AW is responsible for flying and maintaining the C-17 Globemaster III jet cargo aircraft.  Its mission is to command assigned airlift and supporting units; provide for the airlift of troops and passengers, military equipment, cargo and aeromedical airlift and to participate in operations involving the airland or airdrop of troops, equipment and supplies when required.
Octatonic scale
An octatonic scale is any eight-note musical scale. However, the term most often refers to the ancohemitonic symmetric scale composed of alternating whole and half steps, as shown in the accompanying image. In classical theory (in contrast to jazz theory), this symmetrical scale is commonly called the octatonic scale (or the octatonic collection), although there are a total of 43 enharmonically inequivalent, transpositionally inequivalent eight-note sets.

The earliest systematic treatment of the octatonic scale was in Edmond de Polignac's unpublished treatise "Étude sur les successions alternantes de tons et demi-tons (Et sur la gamme dite majeure-mineure)" (Study of the Succession of Alternating Whole Tones and Semitones (and of the so-called Major-Minor Scale)) from c. 1879, which preceded Vito Frazzi's Scale alternate per pianoforte of 1930 by 50 years.

Polytonality
Polytonality (also polyharmony) is the musical use of more than one key simultaneously. Bitonality is the use of only two different keys at the same time. Polyvalence or polyvalency is the use of more than one harmonic function, from the same key, at the same time.

Some examples of bitonality superimpose fully harmonized sections of music in different keys.
William Mulloy
William Thomas Mulloy Jr. (May 3, 1917 – March 25, 1978) was an American anthropologist. While his early research established him as a formidable scholar and skillful fieldwork supervisor in the province of North American Plains archaeology, he is best known for his studies of Polynesian prehistory, especially his investigations into the production, transportation and erection of the monumental statuary on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) known as moai.

Tahai
The Tahai Ceremonial Complex is an archaeological site on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in Chilean Polynesia. Restored in 1974 by American archaeologist William Mulloy, Tahai comprises three principal ahu from north to south: Ko Te Riku (with restored eyes), Tahai, and Vai Ure. Visible in the distance from Tahai are two restored ahu at Hanga Kio'e, projects that Mulloy undertook in 1972. Like other Mulloy restoration projects at Ahu Akivi, the ceremonial village of Orongo and Vinapu, the ceremonial center at Tahai now constitutes an integral part of the Rapa Nui National Park, designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage site.

William Mulloy and his wife Emily Ross Mulloy are buried at Tahai.
History of rail transport in Germany
The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century. The earliest form of railways, wagonways, were developed in Germany in the 16th century. Modern German rail history officially began with the opening of the steam-powered Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-drawn Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long-distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839.

Länderbahnen
The Länderbahnen (German pronunciation: [ˈlɛndɐˌbaːnən], lit. 'States Railways'; sing. Länderbahn [ˈlɛndɐˌbaːn]) were the various state railways of the German Confederation and the German Empire in the period from about 1840 to 1920, when they were merged into the Deutsche Reichsbahn after the First World War.
Pike County Courthouse (Pennsylvania)
Pike County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1873, and is a 2 1/2-story, eight bay by six bay, brick building in the Second Empire style.  It features a projecting front section with pediment and a square cupola.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Milford, Pennsylvania
Milford is a borough that is located in Pike County, Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat. Its population was 1,103 at the time of the 2020 census.

Situated near the upper Delaware River, Milford is part of the New York metropolitan area.
Vilt
Vilt is a village in the Dutch province of Limburg, within the municipality of Valkenburg aan de Geul. It is located on the top of the Cauberg.

The village was first mentioned in the 14th century as Velt, and means field. Vilt was home to 164 people in 1840.

Vilt does not have its own church, and is a part of parish of Berg, but used have a primary school. The school closed in 2018.

The village also has several associations, including a football club.

Cauberg
The Cauberg is a hill in Valkenburg aan de Geul, a town in the South Limburg region of the Netherlands. The hill played an important role in the early development of tourism in Valkenburg. Today, several major tourist attractions are situated on or nearby Cauberg. The hill's fame is mainly due to the many cycling races and championships that were held here. The length of the climb is around 1,200 metres (0.7 mi), with a maximum grade of 12%.
Stopklatka TV
Stopklatka TV is a Polish television channel owned by Stopklatka SA. It offers film subject matter being involved in a company Kino Polska (Cinema Poland), of SPI International Polska belonging to the group and the Agora S.A. The channel started on March 15, 2014.

Television in Poland
Television in Poland was introduced on an experimental basis in 1937. It was state owned, and was interrupted by the Second World War in 1939. Television returned to Poland in 1952 and for several decades was controlled by the communist government. Colour television was introduced in Poland in 1971. Private television stations in Poland appeared around the time of the fall of communism, with PTV Echo (once a member of the local channels of Polonia 1) becoming the first private station in Poland (and in the former Eastern Bloc).
Zhang Xizhe
Zhang Xizhe (Chinese: 张稀哲; pinyin: Zhāng Xīzhé; Mandarin pronunciation: [ʈʂáŋ.ɕí ʈʂɤ̌]; born 23 January 1991) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Chinese Super League club Beijing Guoan.

2018 Chinese FA Cup
Yanjing Beer 2018 Chinese FA Cup (Chinese: 燕京啤酒2018中国足球协会杯) was the 20th edition of the Chinese FA Cup. On 29 December 2017, Yanjing Beer extended their sponsorship contract for another four years (2018–2021).