hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lahn (Wald im Pinzgau)
Lahn (German pronunciation: [laːn] ⓘ) is a dispersed settlement in the Oberpinzgau, the upper Salzach valley and the district of Zell am See/Pinzgau, and a village in the municipality of Wald im Pinzgau, on the southern rim of the Kitzbühel Alps.

Vorderwaldberg
Vorderwaldberg is a dispersed settlement in the Oberpinzgau, the upper Salzach valley and the district of Zell am See/Pinzgau, and also a village in the municipality of Wald im Pinzgau, on the southern edge of the Kitzbühel Alps in Austria.
Mariano Riccio
Mariano Riccio (born 1510) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period.

He was born at Messina, and painted altarpieces. He was a pupil of Franco, and afterwards of Polidoro da Caravaggio, whose style he successfully imitated. His son, Antonello Riccio, was also a painter.

Polidoro da Caravaggio
Polidoro Caldara, usually known as Polidoro da Caravaggio (c. 1499 – 1543), was an Italian painter of the Mannerist period, "arguably the most gifted and certainly the least conventional of Raphael's pupils", who was best known for his now-vanished paintings on the facades of Roman houses. He was unrelated to the later painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually known just as Caravaggio, but both came from the town of Caravaggio.
Squirrel
Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae (/sɪˈjuːrɪdeɪ, -diː/), a family that includes small or medium-sized rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels (including chipmunks and prairie dogs, among others), and flying squirrels. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and were introduced by humans to Australia. The earliest known fossilized squirrels date from the Eocene epoch, and among other living rodent families, the squirrels are most closely related to the mountain beaver and dormice.

Dormouse
A dormouse is a rodent of the family Gliridae (this family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are nocturnal animals found in Africa, Asia, and Europe. They are named for their long, dormant hibernation period of six months or longer. There are 9 genera and 28 living species of dormice, with half of living species belonging to the African genus Graphiurus.
Caprellidae
Caprellidae is a family of amphipods commonly known as skeleton shrimps. Their common name denotes the threadlike slender body which allows them to virtually disappear among the fine filaments of seaweed, hydroids and bryozoans. They are sometimes also known as ghost shrimps.

Amphipoda
Amphipoda (/æmˈfɪpədə/) is an order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods (/ˈæmfɪpɒdz/) range in size from 1 to 340 millimetres (0.039 to 13 in) and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. More than 10,700 amphipod species are currently recognized. They are mostly marine animals but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 2,250 species live in fresh water, and the order also includes the terrestrial sandhoppers, such as Talitrus saltator and Arcitalitrus sylvaticus.
Crich
Crich /ˈkraɪtʃ/ ⓘ is a village and civil parish in the English county of Derbyshire. Besides the village of Crich, the civil parish includes the nearby villages of Fritchley, Whatstandwell and Wheatcroft. The population of the civil parish at the 2001 census was 2,821, increasing to 2,898 at the 2011 census.

The village is home to the National Tramway Museum and, at the summit of Crich Hill above, a memorial tower known as Crich Stand to those of the Sherwood Foresters regiment who died in battle, particularly in World War I.

Fritchley
Fritchley is a small village in Derbyshire, England, situated to the south of Crich and north of Ambergate. It falls under the civil parish of Crich. To the east of the village is the ruin of a windmill. Fritchley has an active Congregational Church, and there is a Quaker meeting house with an active Quaker Meeting. There is a pub, the Red Lion, but the post office closed in 2009. The village hosts a steam rally each August.

In 1793, Fritchley Tunnel, the world's oldest surviving railway tunnel was constructed under a public road here on the Butterley Gangroad, the Butterley Company's plateway to carry limestone from Hilt's Quarry at Crich to kilns on the Cromford Canal at Bullbridge, by Benjamin Outram. The tunnel was scheduled under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act in February 2015.

Fritchley was used as one of the filming locations for the hit UK TV series, Peak Practice, which ran from 1993 to 2002.
Marcel Schwob
Mayer André Marcel Schwob, known as Marcel Schwob (23 August 1867 – 26 February 1905), was a French symbolist writer best known for his short stories and his literary influence on authors such as Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonso Reyes, Roberto Bolaño and Patricio Pron. He has been called a "precursor of Surrealism". In addition to over a hundred short stories, he wrote journalistic articles, essays, biographies, literary reviews and analysis, translations and plays. He was extremely well known and respected during his life and notably befriended a great number of intellectuals and artists of the time.

Maurice Schwob
Maurice Schwob (7 May 1859 – 30 March 1928) was a French publisher of the daily newspaper Le Phare de la Loire, based in Nantes. The newspaper had been sold to Maurice's father, Georges Schwob, in 1876 by Evariste Mangin.

He was born into a cultivated Jewish family. His father, George Schwob, was a friend of Théodore de Banville and Théophile Gautier. His mother, Mathilde Cahun, came from a family of intellectuals from Alsace. He was the brother of symbolist writer Marcel Schwob and the father of the surrealist writer and photographer Claude Cahun (born Lucy Schwob).
Dexter Township, Michigan
Dexter Township is a civil township of Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,696 at the 2020 census. The city of Dexter is located to the southeast but does not border the township, and the two are administered autonomously.

Dexter, Michigan
Dexter is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, in the United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 4,500.

Established as a village in 1830, Dexter was incorporated as a city in 2014. It lies approximately nine miles northwest of Ann Arbor, the county seat of Washtenaw County, and 40 miles west of Detroit, the largest city in the state.
Dynamics Explorer 2
Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE-2 or Explorer 63) was a NASA low-altitude mission, launched on 3 August 1981. It consisted of two satellites, DE-1 and DE-2, whose purpose was to investigate the interactions between plasmas in the magnetosphere and those in the ionosphere. The two satellites were launched together into polar coplanar orbits, which allowed them to simultaneously observe the upper and lower parts of the atmosphere.

Dynamics Explorer 1
Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE-1 or Explorer 62) was a NASA high-altitude mission. It was launched on 3 August 1981, and terminated on 28 February 1991. It consisted of two satellites, DE-1 and DE-2, whose purpose was to investigate the interactions between plasmas in the magnetosphere and those in the ionosphere. The two satellites were launched together into polar coplanar orbits, which allowed them to simultaneously observe the upper and lower parts of the atmosphere.
Kangaroo (2015 film)
Kangaroo is a 2015 Indian Tamil language action thriller film written and directed by Samy. The film stars newcomers Arjuna, Varsha Ashwathi and Sri Priyanka in the lead roles, while Thambi Ramaiah, Ganja Karuppu, and Kalabhavan Mani play supporting roles. The music was composed by singer Srinivas, and the film was released on 24 April 2015.

Sri Priyanka
Sri Priyanka is an Indian actress who has appeared in Tamil language films. After portraying her first major lead role in Agadam (2014), she appeared in the Tamil film Kangaroo  (2015). Currently she is appearing in a series named Seetha Raman in the lead role in Zee Tamil

In April 2017, she signed to play an important role in Vikram - Tamannaah starrer Sketch directed by Vijay Chander.
Jennifer McFalls
Jennifer Yvonne McFalls (born November 10, 1971) is an American, former collegiate All-American, gold-medal winning Olympian softball player and current head coach originally from Grand Prairie, Texas. She is head of the Kansas Jayhawks softball. team She played college softball at Texas A&M as a utility player and shortstop. She then went on to represent Team USA, being named an Olympic alternate in 1996 and a member of the 2000 team that won gold. After her years playing softball McFalls decided to become a coach with her first position as the assistant coach at Texas A&M. Mcfalls continued to coach for many years with several different schools at many different competitive levels. She was the head coach of the National Pro Fastpitch professional softball team, the Dallas Charge for their inaugural season.

Texas Charge
The Texas Charge were a women's professional softball team based in San Marcos, Texas. The team began play as the Dallas Charge as a member of National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) with a game on June 3, 2015. They were initially headquartered in the Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas area, with most home games at The Ballfields at Craig Ranch.
Farallon Fault
The Farallon Fault is a right lateral-moving transform fault located on the seafloor of the southern Gulf of California.  It links the Carmen Basin to the north with the Farallon Basin to the south.  All these features are part of the Gulf of California Rift Zone, the northern extension of the East Pacific Rise.

Gulf of California Rift Zone
The Gulf of California Rift Zone (GCRZ) is the northernmost extension of the East Pacific Rise which extends some 1,300 km (800 mi) from the mouth of the Gulf of California to the southern terminus of the San Andreas Fault at the Salton Sink.

The GCRZ is an incipient rift zone akin to the Red Sea Rift. In the GCRZ continental crust originally associated with the North American plate has been pulled apart by tectonic forces and is being replaced by newly formed oceanic crust and seafloor spreading.  The rifting has resulted in the transfer of the Baja California peninsula to the Pacific plate.
Sin of a Beautiful Woman
Sin of a Beautiful Woman (Czech: Hříchy lásky) is a 1929 Czech silent drama film directed by Karel Lamač and starring Josef Rovenský, Marcella Albani and Gaston Jacquet. It was shot in Kavalírka studio in Prague.

Marcella Albani
Marcella Albani (born Ida Fidalma Angela Maranca; 7 December 1899 – 11 May 1959) was an Italian actress and writer. Albani was an idol of European cinema in the 1920s, and appeared in 50 films between 1919 and 1936 in 5 different countries.
Balder Dead
Balder Dead is a narrative poem by Matthew Arnold, first published in 1855. The poem retells the story from Norse mythology of the murder of Odin's son, Balder, as brought about by the wicked machinations of Odin's blood-brother Loki.

Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby School, and brother of both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator. He has been characterised as a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary social issues. He was also an inspector of schools for thirty-five years, and supported the concept of state-regulated secondary education.
El Sello De Los Tiempos
El Sello de los Tiempos (en: "The Seal of Times") is the second studio album by the Spanish power metal band WarCry, released on December 1, 2002 (see 2002 in music and 2002 in heavy metal music) through Avispa Music. This album is considered to be their first effort as a band, because all the musicians appeared as full-time members, and contributed to the composition, arrangements, and recording of the album.

It had a great reception in Spain and the band won several metal music awards. Víctor García had stated they would release a second album before touring, in order to have a larger repertoire to perform, El Sello De Los Tiempos tour was the tour supporting the album.

Víctor García (Spanish singer)
Víctor García (born 5 June 1970 in Brisbane, Australia) is the lead vocalist and songwriter for the heavy metal band WarCry. He is the central figure and sole original member of WarCry and a former Avalanch lead vocalist, being considered one of the best Spanish metal singers. García has often cited that his biggest and most important influences are Stryper, Manowar, and Virgin Steele.
Tidal Wave (song)
"Tidal Wave" is the third single by British DJ and record producer Sub Focus to be released from his second studio album Torus. The song features vocals from Alpines. The song peaked at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and number four on the UK Dance Chart, making it his highest-charting single until "Endorphins" and "Turn Back Time", which both peaked at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart. It is still his highest-charting single on the UK Dance Chart and his biggest-selling single.

Alpines
Alpines is a British duo based in Kingston upon Thames in South London, made up of Bob Matthews (guitar and production) and Catherine Pockson (pianist, singer and songwriter). Since forming in 2010, the band has toured and supported The Naked and Famous, Emeli Sandé and Florence and the Machine at the Alexandra Palace on 10 March 2012. Alpines released their debut album, Oasis on 26 May 2014 and their second album, Another River on 28 October 2016. Their third album, Full Bloom was released on their own record label Untrue Records, on 16 November 2018.
Karen Spärck Jones
Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a self-taught programmer and a pioneering British computer and information scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency (IDF), a technology that underlies most modern search engines. She was an advocate for women in computer science, her slogan being, "Computing is too important to be left to men." In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her "a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field." From 2008, to recognise her achievements in the fields of information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP), the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded annually to a recipient for outstanding research in one or both of her fields.

Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) in computing and information science is the task of identifying and retrieving information system resources that are relevant to an information need. The information need can be specified in the form of a search query. In the case of document retrieval, queries can be based on full-text or other content-based indexing. Information retrieval is the science of searching for information in a document, searching for documents themselves, and also searching for the metadata that describes data, and for databases of texts, images, or sounds. Cross-modal retrieval implies retrieval across modalities.

Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload. An IR system is a software system that provides access to books, journals, and other documents, as well as storing and managing those documents. Web search engines are the most visible IR applications.
Sampooranathevan
Sampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. He was considered a powerful Deva of Deiva Loga. In Kali Yuga, He was born, and became known in history as Mudisoodum Perumal or Muthukutty.

The exact date of birth of Mudisoodum Perumal or Muthukutty is unknown. It is mostly placed in either 1810 or 1809, while others follow the view of Akilam.

Ayyavazhi mythology
Ayyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the South Indian religious faith known as Ayyavazhi, which is officially considered a Hindu sect. The main source of Ayyavazhi mythology is the Ayyavazhi scripture, Akilathirattu Ammanai, and its supplement, Arul Nool. The Akilathirattu Ammanai is a recitation by Mayon (the Tamil name for Vishnu, or Lord Narayana) to his consort Lakshmi. It is divided into three sections: Early Avatars, incarnational events and post-incarnational events.
Pieter Dircksz Graeff
Pieter Dircksz Graeff (* 1574 in Amsterdam, † 27 July 1645 ibid) was a descendant of the Dutch regent family De Graeff. The Lord of Engelenburg was born as the third son of Dirk Jansz Graeff and Agniet Pietersdr van Neck.

Dirck Jansz Graeff
Dirck Jansz Graeff, also Diederik Jansz Graeff, Lord of the manors Valckeveen and Vredenhof (Amsterdam 1532 – 27 July 1589), was a patrician, wholesaler, shipowner, politician and large landowner. He became an important figure of the Protestant Reformation, member of the Reformed Church, supporter of the Geuzen and the Protestant-minded community of wholesale merchants, and a confidant of William I of Orange (William the Silent). Graeff was the founder of a regent dynasty of the Dutch Golden Age and the short time of the First Stadtholderless Period that retained power and influence for centuries and produced a number of ministers. He was the first Burgomaster of Amsterdam from the De Graeff family.
Doug Ingle
Douglas Lloyd Ingle (September 9, 1945 – May 24, 2024) was an American musician, best known as the founder, organist, primary composer and lead vocalist for the band Iron Butterfly. He wrote the band's hit song "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", which was first released in 1968, and was the last surviving member of the band’s 1967–1969 lineup.

Iron Butterfly
Iron Butterfly is an American rock band formed in San Diego, California, in 1966. They are best known for the 1968 hit "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", providing a dramatic sound that led the way towards the development of hard rock and heavy metal music. Although their heyday was the late 1960s, the band has been reformed with various members with varying levels of success with no new recordings since 1975. Their second album, In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida (1968), remains a best-seller, and Iron Butterfly was the first group to receive an in-house platinum album award from Atlantic Records.

According to music critic Manish Agarwal of Time Out, "Iron Butterfly blended hard rock with ordinate, acid-friendly textures." Mark Deming of AllMusic stated that they were one of the first musical groups to fuse the two styles in this way, and described their sound as a "blend of trippy musical exploration and open-ended jams with a hard, distorted attack".
Stairs Expedition to Katanga
The Stairs Expedition to Katanga (1891−92), led by Captain William Stairs, was the winner in a race between two imperial powers, the British South Africa Company BSAC and the Congo Free State, to claim Katanga, a vast mineral-rich territory in Central Africa, for the latter. The mission became notable when a local chief, (Mwenda Msiri), was killed, and also for the fact that Stairs, the leader of one side, actually held a commission in the army of the other.

This "scramble for Katanga" was a prime example of the Scramble for Africa, and one of the most dramatic incidents of that period.

Katanga Province
Katanga was one of the four large provinces created in the Belgian Congo in 1914.
It was one of the eleven provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1966 and 2015, when it was split into the Tanganyika, Haut-Lomami, Lualaba, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Between 1971 and 1997 (during the rule of Mobutu Sese Seko when Congo was known as Zaire), its official name was Shaba Province.

Katanga's area encompassed 497,000 square kilometres (192,000 sq mi). Farming and ranching are carried out on the Katanga Plateau. The eastern part of the province is a rich mining region which supplies cobalt, copper, tin, radium, uranium, and diamonds. The region's former capital, Lubumbashi, is the second-largest city in the Congo.
Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre
The Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre (Polish: Gdański Teatr Szekspirowski) is a Shakespearean theatre in Gdańsk, Poland. It is built on the site of a 17th-century theatre, known as the Fencing School, where English travelling players performed works of English Renaissance theatre. The leading figure in the project to construct the new theatre is Jerzy Limon, a founder of the Gdańsk Shakespeare Festival.

It was built by architect Renato Rizzi in the light of Limon's research which suggests that the Fencing School was modelled on the Fortune Playhouse in London. Though not an attempt at an exact reproduction, the new theatre combines elements from the design of these earlier theatres with modern technology. It opened in September 2014.

Fortune Playhouse
The Fortune Playhouse was an historic theatre in London. It was located between Whitecross Street and the modern Golden Lane, just outside the City of London. It was founded about 1600, and suppressed by the Puritan Parliament in 1642.
John of Seville
John of Seville (Latin: Johannes Hispalensis or Johannes Hispaniensis)  (fl. 1133-53) was one of the main translators from Arabic into Castilian in partnership with Dominicus Gundissalinus during the early days of the Toledo School of Translators. John of Seville translated a litany of Arabic astrological works in addition to being credited with the production of several original works in Latin.

Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators (Spanish: Escuela de Traductores de Toledo) is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the Islamic philosophy and scientific works from Classical Arabic into Medieval Latin.

The School went through two distinct periods separated by a transitional phase. The first was led by Archbishop Raymond of Toledo in the 12th century, who promoted the translation of philosophical and religious works, mainly from classical Arabic into medieval Latin. Under King Alfonso X of Castile during the 13th century, the translators no longer worked with Latin as the final language, but translated into Old Spanish. This resulted in establishing the foundations of a first standard of the Spanish language, which eventually developed two varieties, one from Toledo and one from Seville.
Needle gun
A needle gun (or needle rifle or needle-fire for varieties with rifling) is a firearm that has a needle-like firing pin, which can pass through the paper cartridge case to strike a percussion cap at the bullet base.

Dreyse needle gun
The Dreyse needle-gun was a 19th-century military breech-loading rifle, as well as the first breech-loading rifle to use a bolt action to open and close the chamber. It was used as the main infantry weapon of the Prussians in the Wars of German Unification. It was invented in 1836 by the German gunsmith Johann Nikolaus von Dreyse (1787–1867), who had been conducting numerous design experiments since 1824.

The name "ignition needle rifle" (German: Zündnadelgewehr) was based on its firing pin, since it passed like a needle through the paper cartridge to strike a percussion cap at the base of the bullet. However, to conceal the revolutionary nature of the design, the rifle entered military service in 1841 as the leichtes Perkussionsgewehr Modell 1841 (transl. Light Percussion Rifle Model 1841). It had a rate of fire of about six rounds per minute.