hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Route 12
Massachusetts Route 12 is a 64.41-mile-long (103.66 km) north-south state highway that runs through central Massachusetts from the Connecticut state line in Dudley north to the New Hampshire state line in Winchendon, where it continues as New Hampshire Route 12.

Interstate 395 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)
Interstate 395 (I-395) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U.S. states of Connecticut and Massachusetts; it is maintained by the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). Spanning nearly 67 miles (108 km) on a south–north axis, it is the only spur route of I-95 in Connecticut. The 36-mile (58 km) section between its splits from I-95 in East Lyme and SR 695 in Plainfield is a component highway of the Connecticut Turnpike. Within that state, the highway is named the American Ex-Prisoner of War Memorial Highway from Plainfield to Thompson.

The highway was first established as part of the Connecticut Turnpike in 1958, while the Connecticut Route 52 designation was applied to the portion north of the turnpike in 1967. Connecticut Route 52 was intended to become a southern extension of I-290, although the current designation of I-395 was ultimately assigned in 1983.
Masu'ot Yitzhak
Masu'ot Yitzhak (Hebrew: מְשּׂוּאוֹת יִצְחָק, lit. Yitzhak's Beacons) is a moshav shitufi in southern Israel. Located near Ashkelon, it falls under the jurisdiction of Shafir Regional Council. The original kibbutz in Gush Etzion was destroyed and depopulated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and a new settlement was established in 1949 in a different location. In 2023 it had a population of 674.

Kfar Etzion
Kfar Etzion (Hebrew: כְּפַר עֶצְיוֹן, lit. Etzion Village) is an Israeli settlement in the West Bank, organized as a religious kibbutz located in the Judean Hills between Jerusalem and Hebron in the southern West Bank, established in 1927, depopulated in 1948 by Arab forces and re-established in 1967. It is located 4.7 km east of the Green Line and falls under the jurisdiction of Gush Etzion Regional Council. In 2023, Kfar Etzion had a population of 1,168.

The majority of the international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the U.S., about 25% of the adult population has metabolic syndrome, a proportion increasing with age, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities.

Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are closely related to one another and have overlapping aspects. The syndrome is thought to be caused by an underlying disorder of energy utilization and storage, but the cause of the syndrome is an area of ongoing medical research. Researchers debate whether a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome implies differential treatment or increases risk of cardiovascular disease beyond what is suggested by the sum of its individual components.

C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation. It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Its physiological role is to bind to lysophosphatidylcholine expressed on the surface of dead or dying cells (and some types of bacteria) in order to activate the complement system via C1q.

CRP is synthesized by the liver in response to factors released by macrophages, T cells and fat cells (adipocytes). It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. It is not related to C-peptide (insulin) or protein C (blood coagulation). C-reactive protein was the first pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to be identified.
Bucket argument
Isaac Newton's rotating bucket argument (also known as Newton's bucket) is a thought experiment that was designed to demonstrate that true rotational motion cannot be defined as the relative rotation of the body with respect to the immediately surrounding bodies.  It is one of five arguments from the "properties, causes, and effects" of "true motion and rest" that support his contention that, in general, true motion and rest cannot be defined as special instances of motion or rest relative to other bodies, but instead can be defined only by reference to absolute space. Alternatively, these experiments provide an operational definition of what is meant by "absolute rotation", and do not pretend to address the question of "rotation relative to what?" General relativity dispenses with absolute space and with physics whose cause is external to the system, with the concept of geodesics of spacetime.

Absolute rotation
In physics, the concept of absolute rotation—rotation independent of any external reference—is a topic of debate about relativity, cosmology, and the nature of physical laws.

For the concept of absolute rotation to be scientifically meaningful, it must be measurable. In other words, can an observer distinguish between the rotation of an observed object and their own rotation? Newton suggested two experiments to resolve this problem. One is the bucket argument, regarding the effects of centrifugal force upon the shape of the surface of water rotating in a bucket; it is equivalent to the phenomenon of rotational gravity used in proposals for human spaceflight.
The second is the effect of centrifugal force upon the tension in a string joining two spheres rotating about their center of mass.
Eliyahu Bet-Zuri
Eliyahu Bet-Zuri (Hebrew: אליהו בית צורי; February 10, 1922 – March 22, 1945) was a member of Lehi, who was executed in Egypt for his part in the assassination of Lord Moyne, the British Minister Resident in the Middle East.

Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne
Walter Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne, DSO & Bar, TD, PC (29 March 1880 – 6 November 1944), was a British Conservative politician, soldier and businessman. He served as the British minister of state in the Middle East until November 1944, when he was assassinated by the Zionist terrorist group Lehi in Cairo. The assassination of Lord Moyne sent shock waves through Palestine and the rest of the world.
York Regional Police
The York Regional Police (YRP; French: Police régionale de York) is the police service of the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. YRP was formed in 1971 from the police forces maintained by the nine municipalities which amalgamated into York Region at the time. The force employs over 1,500 sworn members and 618 unsworn members as of 2015.

While YRP provides marine policing in the waters on Lake Simcoe, policing for Georgina Island (as well as Fox and Snake islands) is provided by the Georgina Island Police with assistance from the Ontario Provincial Police. The islands have had a separate First Nations police service since 1978.

Richmond Hill, Ontario
Richmond Hill (2021 population: 202,022) is a city in south-central York Region, Ontario, Canada. Part of the Greater Toronto Area, it is the York Region's third most populous municipality and the 27th most populous municipality in Canada. Richmond Hill is situated between the cities of Markham and Vaughan, north of Thornhill, and south of Aurora.

Richmond Hill has seen significant population growth since the 1990s. It became a city in 2019 after being a town since 1957. The city is home to the David Dunlap Observatory telescope, the largest telescope in Canada.
Mitral valve replacement
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve.

The mitral valve may need to be replaced because:

The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation)

The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)

Causes of mitral valve disease include infection, calcification and inherited collagen disease. Current mitral valve replacement approaches include open heart surgery and minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS).

Valve replacement
Valve replacement is the surgical replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthestic valve (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair.
Asteranthos
Asteranthos is a genus of woody plant in the family Lecythidaceae. There is only one known species, Asteranthos brasiliensis, native to Venezuela and Brazil.

Asteranthos brasiliensis is listed as having "near threatened" status.

Lecythidaceae
The Lecythidaceae (/ˌlɛsɪθɪˈdeɪsiː/ LESS-ith-ih-DAY-see) comprise a family of about 30 genera and 250–300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America, Africa (including Madagascar), Asia and Australia.

Well known members of the family include the cannonball tree (Couroupita guianensis) and the edible Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa).
Mel, Veneto
Mel was a comune (municipality) in the province of Belluno in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 170 kilometres (106 miles) north of Venice and about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southwest of Belluno and about 16 kilometres (10 miles) northeast of Feltre. It merged with the municipalities of Trichiana and Lentiai on 30 January 2019 to form the comune of Borgo Valbelluna. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

I Borghi più belli d'Italia
I borghi più belli d'Italia (Italian: [i ˈborɡi pju bˈbɛlli diˈtaːlja]) is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest. It was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta ("The charm of hidden Italy").

Participants in the group are small population centres which risk neglect and abandonment because they lie outside the main tourist circuits. Initially they comprised about a hundred villages, but had increased to 361 in 2023.

In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest.
Ibrahim Muhawi
Ibrahim Muhawi (born 1937, Arabic: إبراهيم مهوي) is a Palestinian academic and writer, specializing in Palestinian and Arabic literature, folklore and translation. He is a member of the Palestinian diaspora.

Mahmoud Darwish
Mahmoud Darwish (Arabic: مَحمُود دَرْوِيْش, romanized: Maḥmūd Darwīsh; 13 March 1941 – 9 August 2008) was a Palestinian poet and author who was regarded as Palestine's national poet.

In 1988 Darwish wrote the Palestinian Declaration of Independence, which was the formal declaration for the creation of a State of Palestine. Darwish won numerous awards for his works. In his poetic works, Darwish explored Palestine as a metaphor for the loss of Eden, birth and resurrection, and the anguish of dispossession and exile. He has been described as incarnating and reflecting "the tradition of the political poet in Islam, the man of action whose action is poetry." He also served as an editor for several literary magazines in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Darwish wrote in Arabic, and also spoke English, French, and Hebrew.
Zielona Góra County
Zielona Góra County (Polish: powiat zielonogórski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Zielona Góra, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains five towns: Sulechów, which lies 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Nowogród Bobrzański, which lies 25 km (16 mi) south-west of Zielona Góra, Babimost, which lies 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra, Czerwieńsk, which lies 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Zielona Góra, and Kargowa, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Zielona Góra.

The county covers an area of 1,349.75 square kilometres (521.1 sq mi). As of 2019 its total population is 75,626. The most populated towns are Sulechów with 16,831 inhabitants and Nowogród Bobrzański with 5,165 inhabitants.

Nowogród Bobrzański
Nowogród Bobrzański pronounced ['nɔˈvɔɡrut bɔˈbʐaɲskʲi] (German: Naumburg am Bober) is a town on the Bóbr river in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 5,165 inhabitants (2019). It is the administrative seat of the Gmina Nowogród Bobrzański.
Ghost to the Post
Ghost to the Post is a significant play in NFL history. It refers to a 42-yard pass from Ken Stabler to Dave Casper, nicknamed "The Ghost" after Casper the Friendly Ghost, that set up a game-tying field goal in the final seconds of regulation in a double-overtime AFC divisional playoff game played between Casper's Oakland Raiders and the then-Baltimore Colts on December 24, 1977. Casper also caught the last pass of the game, a 10-yard touchdown pass. The game is currently the fifth-longest in NFL history, and has become synonymous with the play that made it famous.

1977–78 NFL playoffs
The National Football League playoffs for the 1977 season began on December 24, 1977. The postseason tournament concluded with the Dallas Cowboys defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XII, 27–10, on January 15, 1978, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.

This was also the last season that the NFL used an eight-team playoff tournament.
Joe F. Gurney Transfer Facility
The Joe F. Gurney Transfer Facility or Joe F. Gurney Unit (ND) is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice men's Transfer Unit located in unincorporated Anderson County, Texas. The unit is along Farm to Market Road 2054, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Tennessee Colony. The unit, on 20,518 acres (8,303 ha) of land, is co-located with the Beto (directly across the road), Coffield, Michael and Powledge prison. The unit closed temporarily in December 2020.

It is named for Sergeant Joe F. Gurney. While working at Beto, Sergeant Gurney was killed when his horse fell and rolled over him.

Coffield Unit
The H. H. Coffield Unit (CO) is a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for men in unincorporated Anderson County, Texas. The prison, near Tennessee Colony, is along Farm to Market Road 2054. The unit, on a 20,518 acres (8,303 ha) plot of land, is co-located with Beto, Gurney, Michael, and Powledge units. With a capacity of 4,139 inmates, Coffield is the TDCJ's largest prison. Coffield opened in June 1965.

In 2011 the Stiles Unit metal products plant closed. Its operations were consolidated with those of Coffield and Powledge Unit.

Coffield has employee housing.

In early 2019 Gateway Church opened its first prison campus inside Coffield.

On September 19, 2023, two time convicted murder and alleged serial killer Billy Chemirmir was killed in the prison. The alleged attacker was Wyatt Busby, who was serving a 50 year sentence for murder in connection with the 2016 stabbing death of a man in the Houston area.
Qwara dialect
Qwara, or Qwareña (called "Falasha" (Hwarasa) in some older sources), was one of two Agaw dialects, spoken by a subgroup of the Beta Israel (Jews of Ethiopia) of Qwara Province. It is a dialect of Qimant. It is nearly extinct. Several early Falashan manuscripts, using the Ge'ez script, exist; in more recent times, the language has been recorded by several linguists and travellers, starting with Flad in 1866.

Qwareña was on the decline in the early 20th  century because it was being replaced by Amharic. During Operation Solomon, most of its remaining speakers were airlifted to Israel, where it continues to lose ground to Modern Hebrew.

Agaw languages
The Agaw or Central Cushitic languages are Afroasiatic languages spoken by several groups in Ethiopia and, in one case, Eritrea.  They form the main substratum influence on Amharic and other Ethio-Semitic languages.
Disa macrostachya
Disa macrostachya is a perennial plant and geophyte belonging to the genus Disa and is part of the fynbos. The species is endemic to the Northern Cape and occurs in the Namaqualand on the Kamiesberge on the northern slopes. The plant has an area of occurrence of 11 km2. There are three subpopulations of which two consist of approximately 50 plants and the third of 100 plants. The plant is threatened by overgrazing and trampling.

Disa (plant)
Disa is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. It comprises about 182 species. Most of the species are indigenous to tropical and southern Africa, with a few more in the Arabian Peninsula, Madagascar, and Réunion. Disa bracteata is naturalised in Western Australia, where the local name is "African weed-orchid."

The genus Disa was named by P.J. Bergius in 1767. It was named after Disa, the heroine of a Swedish legend.
Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Hermann Ernst Franz Bernhard; 31 August 1832 – 9 March 1913) was the 6th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and the second son of Ernst I, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, and Princess Feodora of Leiningen (half-sister of Queen Victoria).

He succeeded to the title of Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg) on 21 April 1860, when his elder brother signed over his rights to the throne. He died on 9 March 1913 in Langenburg, Kingdom of Württemberg, German Empire (present-day Baden-Württemberg, Germany).

Princess Feodora of Leiningen
Princess Feodora of Leiningen (Anna Feodora Auguste Charlotte Wilhelmine; 7 December 1807 – 23 September 1872) was the only daughter of Emich Karl, Prince of Leiningen and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, future Duchess of Kent. Feodora and her older brother Karl, Prince of Leiningen, were maternal half-siblings of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
The Biggest Loser Australia season 8
The eighth season of the Australian version of the original NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser, known as The Biggest Loser Australia: The Next Generation, premiered on 17 March 2013 on Network Ten. This particular season has set a worldwide record, introducing the heaviest contestant in all of Biggest Loser history, Kevin Moore. Kevin along with his mother Rosemary have a combined weight of 355 kg (783 lbs). He weighs 255 kg (562 lbs) himself alone. It also featured the youngest contestant ever on the Australian series - Todd Nester, who was 15 years old. Season 8 of The Biggest Loser was won by the Orange team, Robyn & Katie.

The Biggest Loser (Australian TV series)
The Biggest Loser is an Australian reality television show, based on the original American version of the same name. It is produced by Shine Australia and screened on Network Ten. Since 2015, the show has been hosted by former contestant Fiona Falkiner, it was formerly hosted by Ajay Rochester from 2006 to 2009 & former Olympian Hayley Lewis from 2010 to 2014. The show debuted on 13 February 2006, followed by a second season on 4 February 2007 which introduced Michelle Bridges, Shannan Ponton and Steve Willis. The third season began airing on 3 February 2008. A fourth season, which features couples competing as teams, started airing on 1 February 2009. A fifth season, which aired on 31 January 2010, featuring former Olympic swimmer Hayley Lewis as the new host, and in 2011 the show introduced the new trainer Tiffiny Hall. In its eleventh season, the show introduced new trainer Libby Babet. The show did not return in 2018 due to low ratings.
Delta Force: Land Warrior
Delta Force: Land Warrior is a 2000 tactical first-person shooter video game. Developed and published by NovaLogic, it is the third game in the Delta Force series and the sequel to Delta Force 2. A standalone expansion pack, Delta Force: Task Force Dagger, was released in 2002.

Delta Force (series)
Delta Force is a series of first-person shooter video games by NovaLogic created in 1998. They are often included in the sub-genre labeled "tactical shooters". NovaLogic was the primary developer and license holder of the franchise until the acquisition of its assets by THQ Nordic on October 31, 2016.
Neatsfoot oil
Neatsfoot oil is a yellow oil rendered and purified from the shin bones and feet (but not the hooves) of cattle. "Neat" in the oil's name comes from an Old English word for cattle. Neatsfoot oil is used as a conditioning, softening and preservative agent for leather. In the 18th century, it was also used medicinally as a topical application for dry scaly skin conditions.

Despite its name, "prime neatsfoot oil" (or "neatsfoot oil compound") is a blend of actual  neatsfoot oil and non-animal oils, generally mineral or other petroleum-based oils.

Leather
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle, sheep, goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, ostriches, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.

Leather can be used to make a variety of items, including clothing, footwear, handbags, furniture, tools and sports equipment, and lasts for decades. Leather making has been practiced for more than 7,000 years and the leading producers of leather today are China and India.

Critics of tanneries claim that they engage in unsustainable practices that pose health hazards to the people and the environment near them.
Snyderville, Utah
Snyderville is a census-designated place (CDP) near the southwestern edge of Summit County, Utah, United States. Prior to the 2010 Census, the area was designated as South Snyderville Basin CDP. The population was 6,744 at the 2020 census.

Summit County, Utah
Summit County is a county in the U.S. state of Utah, occupying a rugged and mountainous area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 42,357. Its county seat is Coalville, and the largest city is Park City.
University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project
The University of Minnesota Solar Vehicle Project, or UMNSVP, is a team of undergraduate students from the University of Minnesota that designs and constructs solar-powered cars. In its 31 years, it has established itself as one of the world's top solar racing teams, and the top Cruiser/Multi-Occupant Vehicle team in the Western Hemisphere, with top-two finishes in eighteen of thirty-four events entered.

American Solar Challenge
The American Solar Challenge (ASC), previously known as the North American Solar Challenge and Sunrayce, is a solar car race across the United States. In the race, teams from colleges and universities throughout North America design, build, test, and race solar-powered vehicles in a long distance road rally-style event. ASC is a test of teamwork, engineering skill, and endurance that stretches across thousands of miles of public roads.

The competition occurs every two years in the summer of even years. ASC 2020 was postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.