hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Menes of Pella
Menes of Pella (Ancient Greek: Μένης), son of Dionysius, was one of the Greek officers of Alexander the Great; and after the Battle of Issus (333 BC) was admitted by the king into the number of his somatophylakes, in the place of Balacrus, who was promoted to the satrapy of Cilicia.

In 331 BC, after Alexander had occupied Susa, he sent Menes down to the Mediterranean to take the government of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia, entrusting him at the same time with 3000 talents, a portion of which he was to transmit to Antipater for his war with the Lacedaemonians. He was a Hyparch, and in this position, he may have been responsible for overseeing the existing administration as far as Cilicia. Apollodorus of Amphipolis was joined with him in this command.

He issued coinage, often bearing his initial "M".

His successor is unknown, and his position may have only been temporary, to managed conquered territory in the west while Alexander was campaigning further east.

Balakros
Balakros (Greek: Bάλακρoς), also Balacrus or Balagros, the son of Nicanor, one of Alexander the Great's "Somatophylakes" (bodyguards), was appointed satrap of Cilicia after the Battle of Issus, 333 BC. He succeeded to the last Achaemenid satrap of Cilicia, Arsames.
George Cadwell
George Cadwell (February 21, 1773 – August 1, 1826) was an American pioneer, politician, and medical doctor from Connecticut. After Cadwell studied medicine in Vermont, he married a daughter of Matthew Lyon. He left with Lyon to Kentucky, but then settled in the Indiana Territory after a dispute about slavery. He served in the government of Madison County, then was elected to the Illinois Senate when the state was founded in 1818. He served three two-year terms, then resumed the practice of medicine.

Matthew Lyon
Matthew Lyon (July 14, 1749 – August 1, 1822) was an Irish-born American printer, farmer, soldier and politician, who served as a United States representative from both Vermont and Kentucky.

Lyon represented Vermont in Congress from 1797 to 1801, and represented Kentucky from 1803 to 1811. His tenure in Congress was tumultuous. He brawled with one Congressman, and was jailed on charges of violating the Sedition Act, winning re-election to Congress from inside his jail cell.

Lyon's trial, conviction, and incarceration boosted his status among the fledgling Democratic-Republican Party as a free-speech martyr.
Once More (1997 film)
Once More is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar. The film stars Sivaji Ganesan, Vijay, Simran and Saroja Devi in the lead roles, while Manivannan, Charle, S. S. Chandran and Anju Aravind play supporting roles. It incorporates footage from Iruvar Ullam (1963) as flashback scenes of Ganesan and Saroja.

Once More was released on 4 July 1997 and became a commercial success. It was remade in Telugu as Daddy Daddy (1998).

S. A. Chandrasekhar
S. A. Chandrasekhar (born 2 July 1945 as S. A. Chandrasekaran) is an Indian film director, producer, screenwriter and actor who primarily works in Tamil cinema along with some Telugu, Kannada and Hindi films. He made his directorial debut with Aval Oru Pachai Kuzhanthai (1978) and got his breakthrough with Sattam Oru Iruttarai (1981). He has directed over 70 movies in all south Indian languages and is known for directing films focusing on social issues.
Roman Mikhailovich
Roman Mikhailovich the Old (c. 1218 – after 1288) was a Rus' prince of the Olgovichi clan. He was Prince of Bryansk (1246 – after 1288), and probably also Prince of Chernigov (1246/7 – after 1288), although most primary sources only mention him as Prince of Bryansk.

Roman was the second son of Mikhail Vsevolodovich of Chernigov (who later became prince of Chernigov, and grand prince of Kiev) by his wife, Elena Romanovna (or Maria Romanovna), a daughter of prince Roman Mstislavich of Halych. His mother most likely persuaded her husband to name their second son after her father. Around 1243, Roman’s elder brother, Rostislav Mikhailovich was disowned by their father when he decided to stay in Hungary.

Michael of Chernigov
Mikhail Vsevolodovich (c. 1185 – 20 September 1246), known as Michael or Michael of Chernigov, was Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–1239; 1241–1243); he was also Prince of Pereyaslavl (1206), Novgorod-Seversk (1219–1226), Chernigov (1223–1235; 1242–1246), Novgorod (1225–1226; 1229–1230), and Galicia (1235–1236). He was canonized as a saint in the Christian Church.
Östgöta Wing
Östgöta Wing (Swedish: Östgöta flygflottilj), also F 3 Malmslätt, or simply F 3, is a former Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located at Malmen air base near Linköping in south-eastern Sweden.

Swedish Air Force Museum
The Swedish Air Force Museum (Swedish: Flygvapenmuseum) is located at Malmen Airbase in Malmslätt, just outside Linköping, Sweden. Malmen is where Baron Carl Cederström, nicknamed the "Flyer Baron" founded his flying school in 1912. Malmen Airbase is home to the Royal Swedish Airschool operating SAAB 105 (SK60) jet trainers. Along with the Swedish Army Museum (Armémuseum) in Stockholm, Flygvapenmusem constitutes the government agency the National Swedish Museums of Military History (Statens försvarshistoriska museer).

The museum’s collection of artifacts includes aircraft, engines, instruments and uniforms. The museum has a knowledge centre (faktarum), with library and archives, containing literature, periodicals, plans, photographs and personal files relating to aviation.
Nikon I, M and S
Nikon's rangefinder cameras, starting with the Nikon I in 1948, marked the entry of Nippon Kogaku K.K. into the photographic market, following its focus on optical instruments such as lenses and microscopes. These models, including the Nikon I, M, S, and subsequent series, utilized the S-Mount bayonet, inspired by the Contax RF system, and featured a compact design with a rangefinder viewfinder. They helped establish Nikon as a leading brand in professional photography until the shift to reflex cameras in the 1960s.

Nikon SP
The Nikon SP is a professional level, interchangeable lens, 35 mm film, rangefinder camera introduced in 1957. It is the culmination of Nikon's rangefinder development which started in 1948 with the Nikon I, and was "arguably the most advanced  rangefinder of its time." It was manufactured by the Japanese optics company Nippon Kogaku K. K. (Nikon Corporation since 1988). Three other lower featured rangefinder models were subsequently produced on the SP frame, and production continued into the 1960s, but further development of Nikon's professional rangefinders ended with the introduction and success of the single lens reflex Nikon F in 1959.

In 2005, 2,500 models of a reproduction model were manufactured under the name of "Nikon SP Limited Edition". The camera was exclusively sold in Japan and came with a (modern multi-coated) W-Nikkor 3.5 cm f/1.8 lens.
Papasito
"Papasito" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Karol G. Written alongside Dani Raw, Daniel Uribe and Ovy on the Drums, and produced by the latter, the song was released on June 20, 2025, through Bichota Records and Interscope, as the third single from her third studio album, Tropicoqueta (2025).

Tropicoqueta
Tropicoqueta is the fifth studio album by Colombian singer Karol G. It was released on June 20, 2025, through Bichota Records and Interscope. Comprising twenty tracks, the album features guest appearances by Eddy Lover, Marco Antonio Solís, Greeicy, Feid, Mariah Angeliq and Manu Chao.

Tropicoqueta was supported by two singles: "Si Antes Te Hubiera Conocido" and "Latina Foreva". Upon its release, the album was a commercial success and became the fourth all-Spanish language album by a woman to reach the top three on the US Billboard 200, earning 57,000 album-equivalent units in its first week.
Münsterhof
Münsterhof (literally: Fraumünster abbey courtyard) is a town square situated in the Lindenhof quarter in the historical center of Zurich, Switzerland. It is the largest town square within the Altstadt (old town) of Zurich and is surrounded by medieval buildings. The area forms part of the southern extension of the Quaianlagen promenades along Lake Zurich.

Turicum
Turicum was a Gallo-Roman settlement at the lower end of Lake Zurich, and precursor of the city of Zurich. It was situated within the Roman province of Germania Superior and near the border to the province of Raetia;  there was a tax-collecting point for goods traffic on the waterway Walensee–Obersee-Lake Zurich–Limmat–Aare–Rhine.
Hisashi Nozawa
Hisashi Nozawa (野沢 尚, Nozawa Hisashi; 7 May 1960 – 28 June 2004) was a Japanese screenwriter and mystery novelist. He won the Kuniko Mukōda Prize in 1998 for his screenplays Nemureru Mori (A Sleeping Forest) and Kekkon Zen'ya (The Night before the Wedding). He also won the Edogawa Rampo Prize in 1997 for Hasen no marisu (Dotted-line Malice) and the Eiji Yoshikawa Prize for New Writers in 2001 for Shinku (Crimson). The South Korean TV Network SBS broadcast a 16-episode drama Alone in Love adapted from one of his novels in 2006. He also wrote the animated film Detective Conan - The Phantom of Baker Street.

He was found dead in his office in Tokyo's Meguro ward, after he had apparently hanged himself several days earlier. A note was also found at the scene.

Alone in Love
Alone in Love (Korean: 연애시대; lit. Love Generation) is a 2006 South Korean television series starring Kam Woo-sung, Son Ye-jin, Gong Hyung-jin, and Lee Ha-na. It is based on the Japanese novel Love Generation (Japanese: 恋愛時代, Hepburn: Ren'ai Jidai) by Hisashi Nozawa, which was published in 1996 and won the 4th Shimase Literary Prize for Romance in 1997, and tells the story of two ordinary people, as they come to terms with their relationship. The series aired on SBS from April 3 to May 23, 2006, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 (KST) for 16 episodes.

The series won critical acclaim for its subtle and realistic portrayal of love, marriage and divorce.
Inveruglas
Inveruglas (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Dhubhghlais) is a hamlet on the west shore of Loch Lomond, fairly near the north end of the loch and is within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. It is situated on the A82 trunk road, connecting Glasgow to Inverness. It is within the historic county of Dunbartonshire, and since 1996 it has been part of the Argyll and Bute council area.

Nearby isles include Inveruglas Isle and Wallace's Isle.  Inversnaid is roughly opposite on the east shore, there is a pedestrian ferry.

The Inveruglas Water flows into the loch at the hamlet, flowing down from Loch Sloy. The name of this watercourse is a curious back-formation, since Inveruglas means "the mouth of the Douglas".  It may have acquired this name to differentiate it from the Douglas Water a few miles further south.

Inveruglas Isle lies in Inveruglas Bay, an inlet of Loch Lomond.

Inveruglas Isle
Inveruglas Isle (Scottish Gaelic: Innis Inbhir Dhughlais) is a small uninhabited island within Loch Lomond, and lies off the shore at Inveruglas opposite Inversnaid at the north end of the loch. It is opposite the Loch Sloy powerstation.

The name Inbhir Dhu(bh)ghlais means "mouth of the black stream"; Inveruglas Isle is therefore, quite literally, the island at the mouth of the black stream.

The island houses the ruins of a castle which was once home to the chiefs of the Clan MacFarlane, destroyed in the seventeenth century by Oliver Cromwell's Roundhead troops.
Nate Berkus
Nathan Jay Berkus (born September 17, 1971) is an American interior designer, author, and television personality. He runs the Chicago interior design firm Nate Berkus Associates and was a regularly featured guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show, offering design advice to viewers as well as coordinating surprise make-overs for people's homes. He has released numerous lines of products and authored several books.

His talk show, The Nate Berkus Show, debuted in broadcast syndication on September 13, 2010, featuring make-overs, culture, design, and personal advice.  It was co-produced by Harpo Productions and Sony Pictures Television, and was cancelled in 2012 after two seasons. Since 2017, Berkus has co-hosted the TLC reality design series Nate & Jeremiah by Design, alongside his husband Jeremiah Brent.

Harpo Productions
Harpo Productions (or Harpo Studios) is an American multimedia production company founded by Oprah Winfrey in Chicago and based in West Hollywood, California. The name "Harpo" is "Oprah" spelled backwards, and it was also the name of her on-screen husband in the film The Color Purple (1985).
Phloem
Pith

Protoxylem

Metaxylem

Phloem

Sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

Cortex

Epidermis

Phloem (/ˈfloʊ.əm/, FLOH-əm) is the living tissue in vascular plants that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to the rest of the plant. This transport process is called translocation. In trees, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark, hence the name, derived from the Ancient Greek word φλοιός (phloiós), meaning "bark". The term was introduced by Carl Nägeli in 1858. Different types of phloem can be distinguished. The early phloem formed in the growth apices is called protophloem. Protophloem eventually becomes obliterated once it connects to the durable phloem in mature organs, the metaphloem. Further, secondary phloem is formed during the thickening of stem structures.

Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in the xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.  These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.

Insect honeydew is called sap, particularly when it falls from trees, but is only the remains of eaten sap and other plant parts.
Simte language
Simte is a Kuki-Chin language of India. It is spoken primarily by the Simte in Northeastern India, who are concentrated in Manipur and adjacent areas of Mizoram and Assam. The dialect spoken in Manipur exhibits partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kuki-Chin dialects of the area including Thadou, Hmar, Vaiphei, Paite, Kom and Gangte. It is written in Latin script.

Hmar language
The Hmar language (Hmar: Khawsak Țawng) is a Northern Mizo language spoken by the Hmar people of Northeast India. It belongs to the Kuki-Chin branch of this language family. Speakers of Hmar often use Mizo as their second language.

The language has official status in some regions and is used in education to varying degrees.
Christkindelsmärik, Strasbourg
Christkindelsmärik (Alsatian dialect meaning "Market of the Christ Child") is a Christmas market held annually in Strasbourg, France, on the Grande Île, near Strasbourg Cathedral and the Place Kléber. It draws in approximately 2 million visitors each year. Hotels can be booked a year in advance and some receive between 15 and 17% of their yearly income thanks to the Christkindelsmärik's visitors. It is considered one of the most famous Christmas markets throughout Europe. It is estimated that the city benefits of a €16 million profit from this 38-day-long tradition. It is mostly famous for its fragrance of mulled wine (French: vin chaud; German: Glühwein).

Place Kléber
The Place Kléber (Kleberplatz in German) is the central square of Strasbourg, France. As the largest square at the centre of Strasbourg, in the heart of the city's commercial area, it was named after French revolutionary general Jean-Baptiste Kléber, born in Strasbourg in 1753. In the square is a statue of Kléber, under which is a vault containing his remains. On the north side of the square is the Aubette (Orderly Room), built by Blondel in 1765–1772.

Located in Strasbourg's historic centre, the Grande Île ("Large Island"), the area was classified a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honor was placed on an entire city centre.
Hunter Tootega Nahi Todega
Hunter: Tootega Nahi Todega is an Indian-Hindi language web series created and directed by Prince Dhiman and Alok Batra, and produced under Saregama and Yoodlee Films. The series stars Suniel Shetty, Esha Deol, Barkha Bisht, Karanvir Sharma, and Rahul Dev. It is streaming on Amazon Mini TV.

Suniel Shetty
Suniel Shetty (born Sunil V. Shetty; 11 August 1961) is an Indian actor, film producer, television host, and entrepreneur, primarily known for his work in Hindi cinema.  Nicknamed as Anna, Shetty has appeared in over 100 films, in a career spanning over three decades. Rising to prominence in the 1990s as a leading action hero with films like Balwaan (1992), Mohra (1994), Dilwale (1994), and Border (1997), Shetty later showcased his versatility in comedies such as Hera Pheri (2000), Phir Hera Pheri (2006) and antagonistic roles, notably winning a Filmfare Award for Best Villain for Dhadkan (2000). Beyond acting, he has produced films under Popcorn Motion Pictures, co-founded the online casting platform F...the Couch (FTC), and hosted reality shows.
Western Group
The Western Group is one of the island groups of the Azores archipelago in Portugal. It comprises the islands of Flores and Corvo, situated on the North American Continental Plate, approximately 1,500 km (930 mi) west of mainland Portugal. These islands are part of a chain formed by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge volcanic activity, rising from ~1,500 m below sea level.

Flores Island (Azores)
Flores Island (Portuguese: Ilha das Flores; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfloɾɨʃ]) is an island of the Western Group (Grupo Ocidental) of the Azores.

It has an area of 143 km2, a population of 3,428 inhabitants, and, together with Corvo Island of the western archipelago, lies within the North American Plate. The nearby Monchique Islet is the westernmost point of Portugal.

It has been referred to as the pink island due to the abundance of pink hydrangeas on the island and association with poet Raul Brandão. It is well known for its abundance of flowers, hence its Portuguese name of Flores.
The Bachelor (American TV series) season 21
The twenty-first season of The Bachelor premiered on January 2, 2017. This season features 36-year-old Nick Viall, a software sales executive from Waukesha, Wisconsin.

Viall graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee with a bachelor's degree in business administration. He previously appeared as the runner-up on both the 10th and 11th seasons of The Bachelorette, featuring Andi Dorfman and Kaitlyn Bristowe, respectively. Viall also participated in the 3rd season of Bachelor in Paradise, where he formed a connection with alumna Jennifer Saviano but did not pursue a long-term relationship.

The season concluded on March 13, 2017, with Viall proposing to 29-year-old special education teacher Vanessa Grimaldi. The couple ended their engagement on August 25, 2017.

The Bachelorette (American TV series) season 10
The tenth season of The Bachelorette premiered on May 19, 2014, and featured Andi Dorfman, a 27-year-old assistant district attorney from Atlanta, Georgia.  Dorfman finished in third place on season 18 of The Bachelor, featuring Juan Pablo Galavis, after she eliminated herself because of Galavis' behavior on their overnight date.

The season concluded on July 28, 2014, with Dorfman accepting a proposal from 29-year-old Josh Murray. They announced their break-up on January 8, 2015.
Email migration
Email migration is the process in which an email or multiple email messages are transferred from one email server to another email server. A synonymous term is mailbox migration, which includes the migration of additional records such as emails, appointments, contacts, or tasks. In most cases, email migration is required when a user or organization is transitioning from its current email server to a new one, typically as part of an upgrade, cloud adoption, or platform consolidation.

This process is an essential aspect of modern business operations, particularly during digital transformation initiatives. It ensures continuity in communication while enabling businesses to take advantage of new technologies, improve security, and enhance operational efficiency. Email migration often extends beyond simple message transfers, encompassing the movement of entire email systems, which can include calendars, contact lists, and archived messages.

Microsoft Exchange Server
Microsoft Exchange Server is a mail server and calendaring server developed by Microsoft. It runs exclusively on Windows Server operating systems.

The first version was called Exchange Server 4.0, to position it as the successor to the related Microsoft Mail 3.5. Exchange initially used the X.400 directory service but switched to Active Directory later. Until version 5.0, it came bundled with an email client called Microsoft Exchange Client. This was discontinued in favor of Microsoft Outlook.

Exchange Server primarily uses a proprietary protocol called MAPI to talk to email clients, but subsequently added support for POP3, IMAP, and EAS. The standard SMTP protocol is used to communicate to other Internet mail servers.

Exchange Server is licensed both as on-premises software and software as a service (SaaS). In the on-premises form, customers purchase client access licenses (CALs); as SaaS, Microsoft charges a monthly service fee instead.
Lamont seamount chain
Lamont seamount chain is a chain of submarine mountains in the eastern Pacific Ocean which are named "Sasha", "MIB", "MOK", "DTD" and "NEW". They are located close to the East Pacific Rise and reach a minimum depth of 1,629 metres (5,344 ft).

These seamounts are submarine volcanoes of Pleistocene to Holocene age that are usually capped off by summit calderas and craters. They have erupted lava flows of tholeiitic composition; the last eruption may have occurred less than 8,000 years ago.

East Pacific Rise
The East Pacific Rise (EPR) is a mid-ocean rise (usually termed an oceanic rise and not a mid-ocean ridge due to its higher rate of spreading that results in less elevation increase and more regular terrain), at a divergent tectonic plate boundary, located along the floor of the Pacific Ocean. It separates the Pacific plate to the west from (north to south) the North American plate, the Rivera plate, the Cocos plate, the Nazca plate, and the Antarctic plate. It runs south from the Gulf of California in the Salton Sea basin in Southern California to a point near 55°S 130°W﻿ / ﻿55°S 130°W﻿ / -55; -130, where it joins the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge (PAR) trending west-south-west towards Antarctica, near New Zealand (though in some uses the PAR is regarded as the southern section of the EPR). Much of the rise lies about 3,200 km (2,000 mi) off the South American coast and reaches a height about 1,800–2,700 m (5,900–8,900 ft) above the surrounding seafloor.
Upper Nile (state)
Upper Nile is a state in South Sudan. The White Nile flows through the state, giving it its name. The state also shares a similar name with the region of Greater Upper Nile, of which it was part along with the states of Unity and Jonglei. It had an area of 77,823 square kilometres (30,048 sq mi). Malakal was the capital of the state. The towns of Upper Nile State include Akoka, Melut, Renk, Kodok along with its numerous counties such as Ulang County, Maiwut County and Nasir County. The Greater Upper Nile is the location of the Fashoda Incident that ended the "Scramble for Africa", and is located in the historical state of Upper Nile. The Upper Nile State seceded from Sudan as part of the Republic of South Sudan on 9 July 2011.

In October 2015, the states of South Sudan were reorganized into 28 states by President Salva Kiir. This was reversed as the result of a peace agreement signed on 22 February 2020.

In South Sudan it is the lowest portion of the Nile.

Nasir County
Nasir County also known as KuanyLualThuan is an administrative area of Upper Nile State in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. The headquarters is the town of Nasir, on the north side of the Sobat River, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the Ethiopian border.