hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hopkins, South Carolina
Hopkins is a census-designated place (CDP) in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. It was founded circa 1836 and named after John Hopkins (1739–1775). It is located 11 miles (18 km) southeast of downtown Columbia and is part of the Columbia Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of the Hopkins CDP was 2,882.

Columbia metropolitan area, South Carolina
As defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, and used by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes only, the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, is an area consisting of six counties in central South Carolina, anchored by the city of Columbia. The current population has an estimation of 856,889. It is the second-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state of South Carolina, since the Anderson metropolitan statistical area was combined with Greenville's following the 2010 census. Columbia-Sumter-Orangeburg combined metropolitan statistical area has a population of 1,082,699 as of 2023.
Komandorski Village, California
37°42′58″N 121°54′32″W﻿ / ﻿37.71611°N 121.90889°W﻿ / 37.71611; -121.90889

Komandorski Village was a temporary low-rent housing development in Dublin, Alameda County, California. It was built to hold the overflow of military personnel and families from Camp Parks. It was sold by the United States government to a housing authority in 1954, and was required to be demolished in 1984. It was located 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of central Dublin, at an elevation of 371 feet (113 m).

Parks Reserve Forces Training Area
Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA), commonly known as Camp Parks, is a United States Army base located in Dublin, California, that is currently an active military and training center for U.S. Army Reserve personnel to be used in case of war or natural disaster.
Market cross
A market cross, or in Scots, a mercat cross, is a structure used to mark a market square in market towns, where historically the right to hold a regular market or fair was granted by the monarch, a bishop or a baron.

Mercat cross
A mercat cross is a structure used in Scottish settlements to denote a market square. It historically indicated that the settlement had been granted the right to hold a regular market or fair by the monarch, a bishop or a baron; the cross therefore served as a symbol of authority, and was an indication of a burgh's relative prosperity. Some burghs had more than one cross, often named for the produce sold at their base.

There are around 126 known examples of mercat crosses in Scotland, with many examples dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Scottish crosses are distinct from market crosses found elsewhere in the United Kingdom in form and iconography.
Terry Labonte
Terrance Lee Labonte (born November 16, 1956), nicknamed "Texas Terry" or "the Iceman", is an American former stock car driver. He raced from 1978 to 2014 in the former NASCAR Winston Cup and Sprint Cup Series (now called the NASCAR Cup Series). A two-time Cup Series champion in 1984 and 1996 and the 1989 IROC champion, he is the older brother of 2000 Cup Series champion Bobby Labonte, and the father of former Nationwide Series driver Justin Labonte. He also co-owns a Chevrolet dealership in Greensboro, North Carolina with Rick Hendrick. He appeared on the CBS series The Dukes of Hazzard in 1984, where he played an unnamed pit crew member.

NASCAR All-Star Race
The NASCAR All-Star race is a non-championship, all-star race held annually since 1985. For a majority of the history of the all-star race, the race was held at Charlotte Motor Speedway, but has been changing venues since 2020. The 2026 race will be held at Dover Motor Speedway in Dover, Delaware for the first time in the history of the race.
Bertram Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale
Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale (24 February 1837 – 17 August 1916), was a British diplomat, collector and writer, whose most notable work is Tales of Old Japan (1871). Nicknamed "Bertie", he was the paternal grandfather of the Mitford sisters.

Batsford Arboretum
Batsford Arboretum is a 55-acre (220,000 m2) arboretum and botanical garden near Batsford in Gloucestershire, England, about 1½ miles north-west of Moreton-in-Marsh, at grid reference SP187339. It is owned and run by the Batsford Foundation, a registered charity, and is open to the public daily throughout most of the year.

The arboretum sits on the Cotswold scarp and contains around 2,900 trees, with a large collection of Japanese maples, magnolias and pines.
Pool of Radiance (novel)
Pool of Radiance is a novel based on the Pool of Radiance computer role-playing game. It was written by James Ward and Jane Cooper Hong, and published by TSR in November 1989. The novel is set in the Forgotten Realms setting based on the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. This book was the first in a trilogy, followed by Pools of Darkness and Pool of Twilight.

Pools of Darkness (novel)
Pools of Darkness is a novel based on the Pools of Darkness computer role-playing game. It was written by James Ward and Anne K. Brown, and published by TSR in February 1992. The novel is set in the Forgotten Realms setting based on the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. This book was the second in a trilogy, preceded by Pool of Radiance and followed by Pool of Twilight.
Paul Lotman
Paul Michael Lotman (born November 3, 1985) is an American former professional volleyball player. He was part of the U.S. national team, and a participant at the Olympic Games London 2012. The 2014 World League and the 2015 World Cup winner.

2015–16 CEV Cup
The 2015–16 CEV Cup was the 44th edition of the European CEV Cup volleyball club tournament.

German club Berlin Recycling Volleys beat Russian Gazprom-Ugra Surgut in both matches of the finals. American outside hitter Paul Lotman representing Berlin Recycling Volleys, was titled Most Valuable Player.
Gravity map
A gravity map is a map that depicts gravity measurements across an area of space, which are typically obtained via gravimetry. Gravity maps are an extension of the field of geodynamics. Readings are typically taken at regular intervals for surface analysis on Earth. Other methods include analysis of artificial satellite orbital mechanics, which can allow comprehensive gravity maps of planets, as has been done for Mars by NASA. Gravity maps typically are based on depictions of gravity anomalies or a planet's geoid.

Gravimetry
Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of a gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. The study of gravity changes belongs to geodynamics.
Raquel Pennington
Raquel Len Pennington (born September 5, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist who competes in the women's Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where she is a former UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion. As of June 10, 2025, she is #2 in the UFC women's bantamweight rankings, and as of November 18, 2025, she is #11 in the UFC women's pound-for-pound rankings.

The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rousey vs. Team Tate
The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rousey vs. Team Tate (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 18) is the eighteenth U.S.-based installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series The Ultimate Fighter.

The series was officially announced by the UFC in March 2013 with the revelation that for the first time women will serve as coaches and the contestants will be both male and female.   Women's Bantamweight Champion Ronda Rousey was selected to coach against the winner of the Miesha Tate and Cat Zingano bout on The Ultimate Fighter 17 finale in April 2013. Zingano won the fight, but a few weeks prior to filming was removed from the coaching position due to an injury and replaced by Tate.

The season was the first to air on Fox Sports 1 and debuted on September 4, 2013, and also the first time that it had been seen on BT Sport in the UK debuting on September 5, 2013 at 11PM also.
Kannondaira-Tenjindō Kofun Group
The Kannondaira-Tenjindō Kofun cluster (観音平・天神堂古墳群, Kannondaira-Tenjindō Kofun-gun) is an archaeological site containing two separate groups of early to middle Kofun period burial tumulii located in what is now part of the city of Myōkō, Niigata in the Hokuriku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1978.

Myōkō, Niigata
Myōkō (妙高市, Myōkō-shi) is a city  located in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2020, the city had an estimated population of 31,374 in 12,408 households, and a population density of 70 people per km2. The total area of the city was 445.63 square kilometres (172.06 sq mi). Myōkō is a member of the World Health Organization’s Alliance for Healthy Cities  (AFHC).
Shatt en-Nil
The Shatt en-Nil (also Shatt al-Nil) is a dry river bed/canal in southern Iraq. It is also known as the Naru Kabari.

Called the Euphrates of Nippur, the river was an important irrigation and transport infrastructure for the city of Nippur during antiquity. The canal started just north of Babylon and travelled for 60 km ending at Larsa where it rejoined the Euphrates River. On the way it flowed through Nippur (32.55°N 44.42°E 34m). The canal also serviced the city of Tel Abib and Uruk.

The canal is referred to in the so-called Murashu documents discovered at Nippur. which record business transaction in the area around Nippur.The river/canal has also been one of the rivers identified as the biblical River Chebar.(כְּבָר [נְהַר)

Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as 𒂗𒆤𒆠, EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;" Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the  cosmos, subject to An alone. Nippur was located in modern Nuffar 8 kilometers north of modern Afak, Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate, Iraq. It is roughly 200 km south of modern Baghdad and about 100 km southeast of the ancient city of Babylon. Occupation at the site extended back to the Ubaid period (Ubaid 2 – Hajji Muhammed), the Uruk period, and the Jemdet Nasr period. The origin of the ancient name is unknown but different proposals have been made.
Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit
The Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit (abbreviated IMWaRU) is one of several research entities based in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.  It provides research as well as supervision to masters and doctorate students within the University, as well as consulting to industry.

University of the Witwatersrand School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
The School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering is one of seven schools in the University of the Witwatersrand's Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment. The School offers 4-year undergraduate degrees and post-graduate degrees in chemical and metallurgical engineering.
2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Myślęcinek Park in Bydgoszcz, Poland, on March 24, 2013.  Reports of the event were given in the Herald and for the IAAF.

Complete results for individuals, and for teams were published.

2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
The 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships took place on March 24, 2013.  The races were held at the Myślęcinek Park in Bydgoszcz, Poland. 
Kenya topped the medal standings in the competition with 5 gold, and Ethiopia had the most overall medals with 10.
Reports of the event were given in the Herald and for the IAAF.
Cuggiono
Cuggiono (Lombard: Cugiònn [kyˈdʒɔn]) is a small Italian town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Milan on the Motorway A4 to Turin, gate of Marcallo-Mesero.

American baseball player Yogi Berra's parents were from Malvaglio, just outside Cuggiono. Italian singer and composer Angelo Branduardi was born there.

Cuggiono is the sister city of Herrin, Illinois.  Many Italians from Cuggiono immigrated to Southern Illinois to work in the coal mines with hopes of the American Dream in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.  They formed neighborhoods in towns throughout Southern Illinois.

Cuggiono borders the following municipalities: Castano Primo, Buscate, Arconate, Robecchetto con Induno, Galliate, Mesero and Bernate Ticino.

Mesero
Mesero (Italian: [ˈmeːzero]; Milanese: Mesar [ˈmeːzar]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Milan.

Mesero borders the following municipalities: Inveruno, Cuggiono, Ossona, Marcallo con Casone, Bernate Ticino.
Winston Monseque
Winston Monseque was an American R&B producer and personal manager, best known for his association with Motown.  He produced the top 15 US Billboard R&B chart hit single "She's Just a Groupie" by Bobby Nunn and the critically acclaimed Táta Vega album, Totally Táta. He was also one of the first producers to work with Teena Marie after she arrived at the label.

Bobby Nunn (R&B musician)
Bobby Nunn (born 1952) is an American R&B music producer, songwriter and vocalist, best known for his top 15 US Billboard R&B chart hit single, "She's Just a Groupie" and for writing and producing the Grammy nominated hit single "Rocket 2U" for The Jets.
Bus snooping
Bus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems.  This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "write-once" cache coherency. A cache containing a coherency controller (snooper) is called a snoopy cache.

Directory-based cache coherence
In computer engineering, directory-based cache coherence is a type of cache coherence mechanism, where directories are used to manage caches in place of bus snooping. Bus snooping methods scale poorly due to the use of broadcasting. These methods can be used to target both performance and scalability of directory systems.
2018–2021 Shies protests
Protests against the construction of a landfill at Shies station  were environmentalist protests in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, Vologda Oblast and the Komi Republic, which began in 2018 to stop the construction of a landfill and complete waste reform in Russia. The landfill was intended for storing solid household and industrial waste exported from Moscow and other regions of Russia, since its construction was planned in swampy areas and posed a danger to residents of the region, as it could lead to contamination of surface and underground water sources. The protests ultimately ended when the government accepted the demands of the protestors.

Igor Orlov (politician)
Igor Anatolyevich Orlov (Russian: Игорь Анатольевич Орлов; born 17 August 1964) is a Russian politician and engineer who served as the governor of Arkhangelsk Oblast from 2012 to 2020. He resigned amid the 2018–2020 Shies protests, which opposed the construction of a landfill in the region.

Since June 2020, Orlov has been serving as the General Director of PJSC Severnaya Verf Shipyard.

Orlov was also a member of the Presidium of the Regional Political Council of the Arkhangelsk branch of the United Russia party.
Suspense (1946 film)
Suspense is a 1946 American ice-skating-themed film noir directed by Frank Tuttle and written by Philip Yordan. The film stars Barry Sullivan and former Olympic skater Belita. The supporting cast features Albert Dekker, Bonita Granville, and Eugene Pallette (in his final film role).

Following their unexpected success with Dillinger, Frank and Maurice King convinced Monogram Pictures to back a higher-budgeted film noir picture written by Yordan. The film was promoted as Monogram's "first million-dollar picture."

Suspense was released by Monogram Pictures on June 15, 1946. Although it received mixed reviews from critics, it was considered a box office success. The Kings reunited Sullivan and Belita the following year in The Gangster which was less successful.

Monogram Pictures
Monogram Pictures Corporation was an American film studio that produced mostly low-budget films between 1931 and 1953, when the firm completed a transition to the name Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. Monogram was among the minor studios in the golden age of Hollywood, generally referred to collectively as Poverty Row. Of the 11 permanent studios in Hollywood at the time, ranked in order of size, MGM was #1 -- and Monogram was #10 (the only one smaller was PRC).

The Monogram trademark is now owned by Allied Artists International. The original sprawling brick complex which functioned as home to both Monogram and Allied Artists remains at 4376 W Sunset Blvd, as part of the Church of Scientology Media Center (formerly KCET's television facilities).
Prairie Knights Casino and Resort
Prairie Knights Casino and Resort is a casino and lodge located near Fort Yates, North Dakota, on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation and about 50 miles (80 km) south of Bismarck-Mandan. It is operated by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. The casino offers high stakes gaming options, along with 725 slot machines, blackjack, craps, among other games. The lodge portion of the casino consists of 200 guest rooms. Prairie Knights is also home to an entertainment pavilion that sees about 15 music concerts every year.

Fort Yates, North Dakota
Fort Yates is a city in Sioux County, North Dakota, United States. It is the tribal headquarters of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and county seat of Sioux County. Since 1970 the population has declined markedly from more than 1,100 residents, as people have left for other locations for work. The population was 176 at the 2020 census.
Adolf Furtwängler
Johann Michael Adolf Furtwängler (30 June 1853 – 10 October 1907) was a German archaeologist, teacher, art historian and museum director. He was the father of the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler and grandfather of the German archaeologist Andreas Furtwängler.

Andreas Furtwängler
Andreas Ernst Gottfried Furtwängler (born 11 November 1944, Zürich) is a German classical archaeologist and numismatist, and professor of classical archeology at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. He is the son of the conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler and grandson of the archaeologist Adolf Furtwängler.

His work was celebrated by a Festschrift in 2009.
Propionyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of propionic acid. It is composed of a 24 total carbon chain (without the coenzyme, it is a 3 carbon structure) and its production and metabolic fate depend on which organism it is present in. Several different pathways can lead to its production, such as through the catabolism of specific amino acids or the oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids. It later can be broken down by propionyl-CoA carboxylase or through the methylcitrate cycle. In different organisms, however, propionyl-CoA can be sequestered into controlled regions, to alleviate its potential toxicity through accumulation. Genetic deficiencies regarding the production and breakdown of propionyl-CoA also have great clinical and human significance.

Methylmalonyl-CoA
Methylmalonyl-CoA is the thioester consisting of coenzyme A linked to methylmalonic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of succinyl-CoA, which plays an essential role in the citric acid cycle.
Diplomatic Revolution
The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was the reversal of longstanding alliances in Europe between the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. Austria went from an ally of Britain to an ally of France; the Dutch Republic, a long-standing British ally, became more anti-British and took a neutral stance while Prussia became an ally of Britain. The most influential diplomat involved was an Austrian statesman, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz. The change was part of the stately quadrille, a constantly shifting pattern of alliances throughout the 18th century to preserve or upset the European balance of power.

European balance of power
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending for power, which culminated in the World Wars of the early 20th century.
Melba Till Allen
Melba Till Allen (March 3, 1933 – October 20, 1989) was an American politician who served as the Auditor of Alabama from 1967 to 1975 and as the Treasurer of Alabama from 1975 to 1978. In 1972, she challenged incumbent Senator John Sparkman in the Democratic primary; she earned 29.48% of the vote and nearly forced Sparkman into a run-off, but was defeated.

Allen was convicted in 1978 of using her office to obtain favorable bank loans for several personal businesses including a religious theme park. She failed to disclose these business ventures and a full disclosure of her personal finances.  She was sentenced to six years in jail and three and a half years of probation.

She died of cancer on October 20, 1989, in Montgomery, Alabama at age 56.

State Auditor of Alabama
The state auditor of Alabama is constitutionally required to make a complete report to the governor of Alabama showing the receipts and disbursement of every character, all claims audited and paid out, and all taxes and revenues collected and paid into the treasury. The office also makes other reports to the governor and the Alabama Legislature as the law requires. Since 1969, the office has been responsible for maintaining all property records of all non-consumable property of the State of Alabama. Until 1899 the office was responsible for maintaining all land records of the state when at that time, that function was transferred to the Alabama Forestry Commission. A separate Office of Public Examiners administers audits conducted by the state.

The state auditor also serves as a member of The State Board of Adjustment, The State Board of Appointment for Boards of Registrars, The State Board of Compromise, The Alabama Education Authority (ex officio), and The Penny Trust Fund.
All Our Yesterdays (book)
All Our Yesterdays by Harry Warner, Jr., is a history of science fiction fandom of the 1940s, an essential reference work in the field.

It was originally published by Advent in 1969; the members of the World Science Fiction Society voted its author the Hugo Award for Best Fan Writer that year. NESFA Press produced a new edition (ISBN 1-886778-13-2) with additional photographs, in 2004, after Warner's death.

Warner also wrote a related series of historical columns called "All Our Yesterdays." He later published a sequel, A Wealth of Fable, covering the 1950s, originally produced in a three-volume mimeographed edition, the first volume issued in 1976, and later expanded into hardcover form (ISBN 0-9633099-0-0) by SCIFI Press in 1992.

A Wealth of Fable
A Wealth of Fable by Harry Warner, Jr., is a Hugo Award-winning history of science fiction fandom of the 1950s, an essential reference work in the field. It is a follow-up to Warner's All Our Yesterdays (ISBN 1-886778-13-2), which covered the 1940s, and helped to earn Warner a Hugo Award in 1969.

According to science fiction fan and author Mike Resnick, "It's not even a sequel, but rather a continuation, of All Our Yesterdays, heavily illustrated, obviously written by the same hand, chock full of the anecdotes that almost instantly become fannish legend."

It was originally published by Joe Siclari in a three-volume, mimeographed Fanhistorica Press edition in 1977. SCIFI Press brought out an expanded hardcover edition (ISBN 0-9633099-0-0) in 1992. The members of the World Science Fiction Society voted that version the Hugo Award for Best Related Book.

Warner also wrote a related series of historical columns called "All Our Yesterdays."