hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Slow reading
Slow reading is the intentional reduction in the speed of reading, carried out to increase comprehension or pleasure. The concept appears to have originated in the study of philosophy and literature as a technique to more fully comprehend and appreciate a complex text.

More recently, there has been increased interest in slow reading as a result of the slow movement and its focus on decelerating the pace of modern life.

Close reading
In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. It emphasizes the particular over the general, paying precise attention to individual words, syntax, and the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as well as the formal structures of the text.

Close reading involves considering both what is said in a passage (content) and how it is said (form), in order to make observations and offer interpretive insight.
Pietro Moriconi
Pietro Moriconi (died 1119) was the Archbishop of Pisa from 1105, succeeding Dagobert. According to tradition he belonged to the noble lineage of Moriconi of Vico. He first appears as archbishop in a document of 19 March 1106, and is credited with strengthening the Pisan church. On 13 April 1113, he preached a crusade against the Balearic Islands to free captive Christians there. He went to Rome to receive Pope Paschal II's blessing for the expedition, which he also helped lead in person. He interfered to quash peace negotiations that ran counter to Pisa's interests. He died in 1119 (Pisan calendar), and was buried on 10 September in the Pisan Duomo.

Archdiocese of Pisa
The Archdiocese of Pisa (Latin: Archidioecesis Pisana) is a Latin Church metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, Italy.  It was founded in the 4th century and elevated to the dignity of an archdiocese on 21 April 1092 by Pope Urban II. The seat of the bishop is the cathedral of the Assumption in the Piazza del Duomo.

The archbishop of Pisa presides over the Ecclesiastical Province of Pisa, which includes the dioceses of Livorno, Massa Carrara-Pontremoli, Pescia, and Volterra.

In 2025, Pope Francis nominated Fr. Saverio Cannistrà, OCD, former superior general of the Order of Discalced Carmelites as archbishop of Pisa, replacing Giovanni Paolo Benotto, who has been archbishop since 2008.
Puget Sound Refinery
The Puget Sound Refinery is an oil refinery on March Point near Anacortes, Washington, United States. It is operated by HF Sinclair and is one of the largest employers in Skagit County. The refinery has a capacity of 145,000 barrels a day, making it the 52nd largest in the United States, in 2015, with facilities that include a delayed coker, fluid catalytic cracker, polymerization unit and alkylation units. HF Sinclair’s refinery produces three grades of gasoline, fuel oil, diesel fuel, propane and butane. This plant is currently the only refinery in Washington state unable to accommodate tight oil via rail. The permitting process is currently underway for the proposed 60,000 b/d unloading capacity of the East Gate Rail Project.

Anacortes, Washington
Anacortes (/ˌænəˈkɔːrtəs/ AN-ə-KOR-təs) is a city in Skagit County, Washington, United States. The name "Anacortes" is an adaptation of the name of Anne Curtis Bowman, who was the wife of early Fidalgo Island settler Amos Bowman. Anacortes' population was 17,637 at the time of the 2020 census. It is one of two principal cities of and included in the Mount Vernon-Anacortes Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Anacortes is known for the Washington State Ferries dock and terminal serving Lopez Island, Shaw Island, Orcas Island, and San Juan Island. There is also a Skagit County-operated ferry that serves Guemes Island, a residential island located across Guemes Channel, north of Anacortes.
Alisa Seleznyova
Alisa Seleznyova (Russian: Алиса Селезнёва) is the protagonist of an eponymous series of children's science fiction books by Russian writer Kir Bulychev. The first novel of the series was published in 1965, with further writings continuing until Bulychev's death in 2003. The series served as a base for a number of animated and live-action adaptations. Alisa Seleznyova was named as one of the most recognizable faces of Soviet cinema  with a cult following ("Alisomania").

Russian speculative fiction
Elements of fantastical or supernatural fiction have been part of mainstream Russian literature since the 18th century. Russian fantasy developed from the centuries-old traditions of Slavic mythology and folklore. Russian science fiction emerged in the mid-19th century and rose to its prominence during the Soviet era, both in cinema and literature, with writers like the Strugatsky brothers, Kir Bulychov, and Mikhail Bulgakov, among others. Soviet filmmakers  produced a number science fiction and fantasy films. Outside modern Russian borders, there are a significant number of Russophone writers and filmmakers from Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, who have made a notable contribution to the genres.
Permic languages
The Permic or Permian languages are a branch of the Uralic language family. They are spoken in several regions to the west of the Ural Mountains within the Russian Federation. The total number of speakers is around 950,000, of which around 550,000 speak the most widely spoken language, Udmurt. Like other Uralic languages, the Permic languages are primarily agglutinative and have a rich system of grammatical cases. Unlike many other agglutinative languages, they do not have vowel harmony.

The earliest Permic language to be preserved in writing was Old Permic or Old Zyryan, in the 14th century.

Komi-Yazva language
The Komi-Yazva language (коми-ёдз көл, komi-jodz kål) is a Permic language closely related to Komi-Zyrian and Permyak, native to and spoken mostly in Krasnovishersky District of Perm Krai in Russia, in the basin of the Yazva (Yodz) River. It has no official status. It is the most divergent of all the Komi varieties. About two thousand speakers densely live in Krasnovishersky District.
Earlwood Aboriginal Art Site
Earlwood Aboriginal Art Site is a heritage-listed Aboriginal cultural site at Earlwood, Earlwood, a suburb in Sydney, Australia. It is also known as Aboriginal Art and Midden. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 November 2009.

Earlwood
Earlwood is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Earlwood is located 10 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, and is part of the Canterbury-Bankstown area. It is in the local government area of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown.

Earlwood stretches from the southern bank of the Cooks River to the northern bank of Wolli Creek. Wolli Creek (the suburb), Turrella and Bardwell Park lie to the south across Wolli Creek, while Canterbury, Hurlstone Park and Marrickville are located to the north and east across Cooks River. The locality of Undercliffe is part of the suburb. Clemton Park adjoins the suburb to the west. Earlwood is primarily residential with some commercial developments around the main road, Homer Street.
Szczygłowice Coal Mine
The Szczygłowice coal mine is a large mine in the south of Poland in Knurów, Silesian Voivodeship, 304 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Szczygłowice represents one of the largest coal reserve in Poland having estimated reserves of 300 million tonnes of coal. The annual coal production is around 3.8 million tonnes. On 31 July 2014, Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa acquired the mine from Kompania Węglowa.

Knurów
Knurów ([ˈknuruf] ⓘ; Silesian: Knurōw, German: Knurow) is a city near Katowice in Silesia, southern Poland. Knurów is an outer city of the Metropolis GZM, a metropolis with a population of two million.

Knurów is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bierawka River, a tributary of the Oder River.
Carpineto Romano
Carpineto Romano is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) southeast of Rome.

It is the birthplace of Gioacchino Pecci, later Pope Leo XIII.

Carpineto Romano borders the following municipalities: Bassiano, Gorga, Maenza, Montelanico, Norma, Roccagorga, Sezze, Supino.

Supino
Supino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of Rome and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Frosinone.

Supino borders the following municipalities: Carpineto Romano, Ferentino, Frosinone, Giuliano di Roma, Gorga, Maenza, Morolo, Patrica. This small town is located on the slopes of the Monti Lepini, at the foot of Monte Gemma (1457 m) and overlooks the Sacco river valley.
Detroit, Oregon
Detroit is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Detroit, Michigan, in the 1890s because of the large number of people from Michigan in the community. The population was 203 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Salem metropolitan area (Oregon)
The Salem metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is a metropolitan statistical area consisting of two counties in western Oregon, Marion and Polk. The principal city is Salem, the state capital, which has a population of 175,535.

A July 1, 2024 census estimate placed the population at 443,416, an increase of 2.27% from the 2020 census, an increase of 11.88% from the 2010 census, and an increase of 21.70% from the 2000 census.
Seishiro Endo
Seishiro Endo (遠藤征四郎, Endō Seishirō), born 1942, is an 8th dan ranked Aikikai aikido master teacher. Endō is among the few living people who studied directly under aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba.

He trained at  Aikikai Hombu Dojo with master teachers including Seigo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Tada, Mitsunari Kanai, and  Yasuo Kobayashi.

When Endo was 30 years old he dislocated his right shoulder. According to an interview, that event brought him to a turning point. After the injury, Yamaguchi said to him, "You’ve been doing aikido for 10 years now, but now you have only your left arm to use, what are you going to do?" This prompted Endo to pursue a different direction in his Aikido. His Aikido eventually became a lot softer and more contact-based.

Seigo Yamaguchi
Seigo Yamaguchi (山口 清吾, Yamaguchi Seigo; 13 April 1924 – 24 January 1996) was a Japanese 9th-dan aikido instructor and important teacher in the Aikikai. According to Mitsugi Saotome, before he was sent to Burma in 1958, he was the most prolific teacher at Aikikai Hombu Dojo.

His personal students included Seishiro Endo, Yoshinobu Takeda, Masatoshi Yasuno and Christian Tissier.

Yamaguchi was born April 13, 1924, in Fukuoka, Japan. After his early education, he entered the navy, where he was eventually to carry out a Kamikaze suicide mission, but was saved by the end of World War II. He was introduced to Morihei Ueshiba in 1950, and entered the Aikikai in 1951. In 1958 he was sent to Burma to teach aikido to the army. Beginning in 1961 he again taught at the Aikikai Hombu Dojo; he also taught at his own dojo and at Meiji University.

He taught extensively overseas, especially in France, where he had a strong following and taught every year until 1995.
WGVX
Love 105 is a trimulcast of three radio stations in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, that feature a adult contemporary format. The trimulcast is composed of: WGVX (105.1 FM), licensed to Lakeville, Minnesota; WLUP (105.3 FM), licensed to Cambridge, Minnesota; and WWWM-FM (105.7 FM), licensed to Eden Prairie, Minnesota. All three stations are owned by Cumulus Media.

The studios and offices are in Southeast Minneapolis in the Como district. WGVX's transmitter is located southeast of Apple Valley, WLUP's transmitter is located in Cambridge, and WWWM-FM's transmitter is located atop the IDS Center in downtown Minneapolis.

Minnesota Public Radio
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is a public radio network for the US state of Minnesota. With its three services, News & Information, YourClassical MPR and The Current, MPR operates a 46-station regional radio network in the upper Midwest.

MPR has won more than 875 journalism awards, including the Peabody Award, both the RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting award of the same name, and the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Gold Baton Award. As of September 2011, MPR was tied with WNYC for most listener support for a public radio network, and had the highest level of recurring monthly donors of any public radio network in the nation.

MPR also produces and distributes national public radio programming via American Public Media.
MBC Dynamo Moscow
MBC Dynamo Moscow (Russian: МБК Динамо Москва) was a Russian basketball team from Moscow. It was active for 93 years (from 1923 until 2016) as professional club, before being dissolved due to financial problems. The club had several successful years in the highest division in Russian basketball. In 2006, Dynamo won a continental trophy in the Eurocup.

USSR Premier Basketball League
The USSR Premier Basketball League, or Soviet Union Premier Basketball League (also called Supreme League), was the first-tier men's professional basketball league in the former Soviet Union. The league existed from 1923 to 1991, as the top professional basketball league of the Soviet Union, and from 1991 to 1992, as the top professional basketball league of the CIS. In the years 1924, 1928, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1956, 1959, 1963, and 1967, the league was contested by city teams, regional teams, and state national teams, rather than individual sports clubs.

CSKA Moscow was the league's most successful club, having won the league's championship 24 times, including winning 9 consecutive championships, from 1976 to 1984. The league featured the players of the senior men's Soviet Union national basketball team. The league exists in a similar format today, as the VTB United League. Although, the VTB United League can include clubs from countries that were not a part of the Soviet Union.
The Scarlet Pumpernickel
The Scarlet Pumpernickel is a 1950 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short, directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. The cartoon was released on March 4, 1950, and stars Daffy Duck along with a number of other prominent Looney Tunes characters. The title is a play on the 1905 novel The Scarlet Pimpernel.

In 1994 it was voted No. 31 of the 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time by members of the animation field.

Sylvester the Cat
Sylvester J. Pussycat Sr. is a cartoon character, an anthropomorphic cat in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons. Most of his appearances have him often chasing Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, or Hippety Hopper. He appeared in 103 cartoons in the golden age of American animation, lagging only behind superstars Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, and Daffy Duck. Three of his cartoons won Academy Awards, the most for any starring a Looney Tunes character: they are Tweetie Pie, Speedy Gonzales, and Birds Anonymous.
Bromford Viaduct
The Bromford Viaduct carries the M6 motorway between Castle Bromwich (junction 5) and Gravelly Hill (junction 6; Gravelly Hill Interchange) along the River Tame valley in Birmingham, England. This elevated stretch of motorway above the Tame itself is 3+1⁄2 miles (5.5 kilometres) long, which makes it the longest viaduct in Great Britain, 1⁄4 mile (400 metres) longer than the Second Severn Crossing. It was constructed between 1964 and 1972.

Between 2012 and 2014, the motorway along the length of the viaduct was converted to a smart motorway system, with variable speed limits.

Spaghetti Junction, Birmingham
Spaghetti Junction, officially the Gravelly Hill Interchange, is a major road junction in Birmingham, England. It is junction 6 of the M6 motorway where it meets the A38(M) Aston Expressway in the Gravelly Hill area of Birmingham. The interchange was opened on 24 May 1972.
Ashland County, Wisconsin
Ashland County is a county located in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,027. Its county seat is Ashland. The county was formed on March 27, 1860, from La Pointe County. The county partly overlaps with the reservation of the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians.

Morse, Wisconsin
Morse is a town in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 499 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated communities of Ballou, Cayuga, Foster Junction, and Penokee are located in the town.
Zagut (crater)
Zagut (Zacut) is a crater located in the heavily impacted southeast sector of the Moon. It is almost surrounded by other named craters, with Wilkins to the northwest, Lindenau to the east, Rabbi Levi in the southeast, and Celsius to the southwest. It is named after Jewish Spanish astronomer and rabbi Abraham Zacuto.

The rim of Zagut (Zacut) is worn and irregular, especially to the north and east. The east rim is overlain by Zagut E, a crater with an irregular and flat floor. The floor of Zagut itself is also relatively flat, and the center is occupied by the crater Zagut A instead of a peak.

Lindenau (crater)
Lindenau is a lunar impact crater. It is located beside the east-southeastern rim of the crater Zagut, and to the northeast of Rabbi Levi. To the northeast is the slightly smaller crater Rothmann and the Rupes Altai scarp.

The rim of this crater has received very little wear, in contrast to the neighboring craters to the west and southwest. The edge is sharp, with a small outer rampart, and there are terraces along parts of the interior wall. Along the western edge is a small outward protrusion where the inner face has slumped somewhat. The interior floor is irregular in places, and there is a formation of central peaks about the midpoint. It is from the Upper Imbrian period, 3.8 to 3.2 billion years ago.

It is named after 19th century German astronomer Bernhard von Lindenau.
Sturton le Steeple
Sturton le Steeple is a village located 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Retford, Nottinghamshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population (including Littleborough and Fenton) of 497, reducing slightly to 486 at the 2011 census, but increasing to 545 residents in the 2021 census.

Fenton, Nottinghamshire
53°20′21″N 0°48′36″W﻿ / ﻿53.3393°N 0.81°W﻿ / 53.3393; -0.81
Fenton is a hamlet in Nottinghamshire, England.  It is about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) east of Retford. Population details are included in the civil parish of Sturton le Steeple.

Fenton was a possession of the Thornhaugh family since the reign of Henry VI. Residents of Fenton Hall, some were members of parliament or served as High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire. Francis Thornhagh (1617–1648) was a Parliamentarian colonel who died in the Battle of Preston and was buried at Sturton le Steeple. His son, John Thornhagh, was a long-serving Whig member of parliament.
Headlines (Jay Leno)
Headlines was an appropriated comedy routine developed by Jay Leno. The segment usually aired on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno Monday nights. It was first seen in 1987, when he was still a guest host on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and continued (even after Leno became permanent host in 1992) until Jay Leno left The Tonight Show in 2014. It also aired on the prime-time spin-off The Jay Leno Show and during Leno's hosting run on You Bet Your Life in 2021. Viewers submitted newspaper headlines or other articles from all over the world, and the clippings contain either (but not limited to) a misspelled word, juxtaposed image or badly structured sentences that comically (and often in an unintentionally risqué way) completely change the meaning of what the writer intended.

Headline
The headline is the text indicating the content or nature of the article below it, typically by providing a form of brief summary of its contents.

The large type front page headline did not come into use until the late 19th century when increased competition between newspapers led to the use of attention-getting headlines.

It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.

Headlines in English often use a set of grammatical rules known as  headlinese, designed to meet stringent space requirements by, for example, leaving out forms of the verb "to be" and choosing short verbs like "eye" over longer synonyms like "consider".
Naannawa Shashamane (woreda)
Naannawa Shashamane is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is named after the town of Shashamene what was separated from this woreda. Part of the West Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Shashamene is bordered on the south by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, on the west by Shala, on the north by Arsi Negele, on the east by the Kore, and on the southeast by Kofele. The largest town in Shashamene is Kuyera.

Shala (Aanaa)
Shala is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It was separated from Seraro woreda. Part of the West Arsi Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Shala is bordered on the south by Seraro, on the west by the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region, on the north by Shala Lake which separates it from Arsi Negele, and on the east by Naannawa Shashamane; its western boundary is defined by the course of the Bilate River. The administrative center of this woreda is Aje.
Emiliodonta
Emiliodonta is an extinct genus of bivalve in the extinct family Praenuculidae.  The genus is one of three genera in the subfamily Concavodontinae. Emiliodonta is known solely from late Ordovician, Caradocian epoch, fossils found in South America.  The genus contains a single accepted species, Emiliodonta cuerdai.

Concavodontinae
Concavodontinae is an extinct subfamily of prehistoric bivalves in the family Praenuculidae.  Concavodontinae species lived from the middle Ordovician, Caradoc epoch through the late Ordovician Ashgill epoch.  Concavodontinae fossils are found in Europe and South America,  and species are thought to have been stationary attached to substrate in shallow infaunal marine water environments where they formed shells of an aragonite composition.  The subfamily Concavodontinae was named by Teresa M. Sánchez in 1999.
Completeness (logic)
In mathematical logic and metalogic, a formal system is called complete with respect to a particular property if every formula having the property can be derived using that system, i.e. is one of its theorems; otherwise the system is said to be incomplete.
The term "complete" is also used without qualification, with differing meanings depending on the context, mostly referring to the property of semantic validity. Intuitively, a system is called complete in this particular sense, if it can derive every  formula that is true.

Metalogic
Metalogic is the metatheory of logic. Whereas logic studies how logical systems can be used to construct valid and sound arguments, metalogic studies the properties of logical systems. Logic concerns the truths that may be derived using a logical system; metalogic concerns the truths that may be derived about the languages and systems that are used to express truths.

The basic objects of metalogical study are formal languages, formal systems, and their interpretations. The study of interpretation of formal systems is the branch of mathematical logic  that is known as model theory, and the study of deductive systems is the branch that is known as proof theory.