hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Preservative
A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food products, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes. In general, preservation is implemented in two modes, chemical and physical. Chemical preservation entails adding chemical compounds to the product. Physical preservation entails processes such as refrigeration or drying. Preservative food additives reduce the risk of foodborne infections, decrease microbial spoilage, and preserve fresh attributes and nutritional quality.  Some physical techniques for food preservation include dehydration, UV-C radiation, freeze-drying, and refrigeration. Chemical preservation and physical preservation techniques are sometimes combined.

Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish.  It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions.  It is a mild reducing agent.

Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form ("vitamer") of vitamin C, an essential nutrient for humans and many animals. Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The "d" form (erythorbic acid) can be made by chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.
Kemp's ridley sea turtle
Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), also called commonly the Atlantic ridley sea turtle, Kemp's ridley turtle, and Kemp's ridley, is a species of turtle in the family Cheloniidae. L. kempii is the rarest species of sea turtle and is the world's most endangered species of sea turtle as well as the smallest. It is one of two living species in the genus Lepidochelys (the other one being L. olivacea, the olive ridley sea turtle). The species L. kempii primarily occupies habitat around the Gulf of Mexico, though its migrations into the Atlantic Ocean are being affected by rising temperatures. Rising sea temperatures expand this species range, leaving them vulnerable to cold-shocking events when weather changes.  Kemp's ridley sea turtle is listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), and conservation efforts are attempting to rebuild population numbers. Human activity, including habitat destruction, climate change, and oil spills, threaten populations.

Ridley sea turtle
Ridley sea turtles  are a genus (Lepidochelys) of sea turtle comprising two species: Kemp's ridley sea turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle.

Kemp's ridley sea turtles are currently on the New York and United States lists of endangered species.
2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League league phase
The 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League league phase began on 7 October 2025 and ended on 17 December 2025. A total of 18 teams were competing in the league phase to decide the 12 places in the knockout phase of the 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League.

2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase
The 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League knockout phase began on 11 February 2026 with the knockout phase play-offs and will end with the final on 23 May 2026 at the Ullevaal Stadion in Oslo, Norway, to decide the champions of the 2025–26 UEFA Women's Champions League. A total of 12 teams will compete in the knockout phase, with 8 entering in the play-offs and 4 receiving a bye to the quarter-finals.

Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).
2006 Fed Cup World Group II
The World Group II was the second highest level of Fed Cup competition in 2006. Winning nations advanced to the World Group play-offs, and the losing nations were demoted to the World Group II play-offs.

2006 Fed Cup World Group play-offs
The World Group play-offs were four ties which involved the losing nations of the World Group first round and the winning nations of the World Group II. Nations that won their play-off ties entered the 2007 World Group, while losing nations joined the 2007 World Group II.
Madera County, California
Madera County (/məˈdɛərə/ ⓘ; Madera, Spanish for "Wood"), officially the County of Madera, is a county located at the geographic center of the U.S. state of California. It features a varied landscape, encompassing the eastern San Joaquin Valley and the central Sierra Nevada, with Madera serving as the county seat. Established in 1893 from part of Fresno County, Madera County reported a population of 156,255 in the 2020 census.

The name Madera is Spanish for "wood," a reference to the county’s early lumber industry. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie within the county, and tourism, along with agriculture—particularly almonds, grapes, and pistachios—form major parts of the local economy. According to the United States Census Bureau, the county’s median household income is below the state average, and its poverty rate is higher than the California average.

Sierra National Forest
Sierra National Forest is a U.S. national forest located on the western slope of the central Sierra Nevada in California, bounded on the northwest by Yosemite National Park and on the south by Kings Canyon National Park. The forest is known for its mountain scenery and beautiful lakes. Forest headquarters are located in Clovis, California. There are local ranger district offices in North Fork and Prather.
Armenian dialects
The Armenian language has two standardized forms: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. Before the Armenian genocide and other significant demographic changes that affected the Armenians, several dozen Armenian dialects existed in the areas historically populated by them.

Hrachia Acharian
Hrachia Acharian (Armenian: Հրաչեայ Աճառեան, reformed spelling: Հրաչյա Աճառյան; pronounced [həɾɑt͡ʃʰˈjɑ ɑt͡ʃɑrˈjɑn]; 8 March 1876 – 16 April 1953) was an Armenian linguist, lexicographer, etymologist, and philologist.

An Istanbul Armenian, Acharian studied at local Armenian schools and at the Sorbonne, under Antoine Meillet, and the University of Strasbourg, under Heinrich Hübschmann. He then taught in various Armenian communities in the Russian Empire and Iran before settling in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1923, working at Yerevan State University until his death.

A polyglot, Acharian compiled several major dictionaries, including the monumental Armenian Etymological Dictionary, extensively studied Armenian dialects, compiled catalogs of Armenian manuscripts, and authored comprehensive studies on the history of Armenian language and alphabet. Acharian is considered the father of Armenian linguistics.
Wimborne Minster (church)
Christianity portal

Wimborne Minster is the parish church of Wimborne, Dorset, England. The minster has existed for over 1300 years and is recognised for its unusual chained library (one of only a few surviving chained libraries in the world). The minster is a former monastery and Benedictine nunnery, and King Æthelred of Wessex is buried there.

Cuthburh
Saint Cuthburh or Cuthburg, Cuthburga (Old English: Cūþburh; died 31 August 725) was the first Abbess of Wimborne Minster. She was the sister of Ine, King of Wessex and was married to the Northumbrian king Aldfrith.
Cattewater Wreck
Cattewater Wreck is a wooden three-masted, skeleton-built vessel, one of many ships that have wrecked in Cattewater, Plymouth Sound, England. This wreck is close to the entrance of Sutton Harbour, its name is still unknown but it is believed to be from the 16th century. It is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.

Protection of Wrecks Act 1973
The Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 (c. 33) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which provides protection for designated shipwrecks.

Section 1 of the act provides for wrecks to be designated because of historical, archaeological or artistic value. Section 2 provides for designation of dangerous sites. Wreck sites must have a known location in order to be designated. Designated wrecks are marked on admiralty charts and their physical location is sometimes marked by means of a buoy (sea mark). Information boards are often provided at nearby launch points on land.
The Decca Years (The Kingston Trio album)
The Decca Years is a compilation of The Kingston Trio's four albums recorded for the Decca Records label. Folk Era had previously reissued The Kingston Trio (Nick Bob John), Stay Awhile and Children of the Morning, each including tracks from Somethin' Else as bonus tracks. They are presented here in the same song order as the reissues.

Somethin' Else (The Kingston Trio album)
Somethin' Else is an album by the American folk music group the Kingston Trio, released in 1965 (see 1965 in music). It was the first Kingston Trio principal album to miss the charts completely. The lead-off single was "Parchment Farm" b/w "Runaway Song".
Tambre
Tambre is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 kilometres (50 miles) north of Venice and about 15 km (9 mi) east of Belluno.

Tambre borders the following municipalities: Aviano, Barcis, Budoia, Caneva, Chies d'Alpago, Alpago, Fregona, Polcenigo, Puos d'Alpago.

Fregona
Fregona is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) north of Venice and about 40 km (25 mi) north of Treviso. t is a scattered municipality as the municipal seat is the Mezzavilla hamlet.

Fregona borders the following municipalities: Caneva, Cappella Maggiore, Cordignano, Alpago, Sarmede, Tambre, Vittorio Veneto.
Bélléfoungou
Bélléfoungou is an arrondissement in the Donga department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Djougou. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 5,125.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Takashimaia
Takashimaia is a monotypic genus of soil centipede in the family Mecistocephilidae. The only species in this genus is Takashimaia ramungula. This centipede is found in Japan, features 45 pairs of legs without intraspecific variation, and can reach 50 mm in length.

Mecistocephalidae
Mecistocephalidae is a monophyletic family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha. This family is the only family in the monotypic suborder Placodesmata. Most species in this family live in tropical or subtropical regions, but some occur in temperate regions. This family is the third most diverse in the order Geophiliomorpha (after Geophilidae and Schendylidae), with about 170 species, including about 130 species in the genus Mecistocephalus.
Five thieves
In Sikhism, the Five Thieves (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਚੋਰ, pronunciation: [pand͡ʒ t͡ʃoɝ]), also called the five evils or the five vices (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਬੁਰਾਈਆਂ paja burā'ī'āṁ), are the five major weaknesses of the human personality at variance with its spiritual essence, and are known as "thieves" because they steal a person's inherent common sense. These five thieves are kaam (lust), krodh (wrath), lobh (greed), moh (attachment) and ahankar (ego or excessive pride).

Moh
Moh (Punjabi: ਮੋਹ mōha; Sanskrit: muh) is a word in Punjabi and Sanskrit which describes attachment to worldly possessions or individuals. It is one of the five thieves within Sikh philosophy which hinder one's spiritual development.
Western silvereye
The  western silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chloronotus) is a small greenish bird in the Zosteropidae or white-eye family.  It is a subspecies of the silvereye that occurs in Western Australia and South Australia.  It is sometimes called the white-eye or greenie.  Aboriginal names for the bird include jule-we-de-lung or julwidilang from the Perth area and poang from the Pallinup River.

Silvereye
The silvereye or wax-eye (Zosterops lateralis), also known by its Māori name tauhou,  is a very small omnivorous passerine bird of the south-west Pacific. In Australia and New Zealand its common name is sometimes white-eye, but this name is more commonly used to refer to all members of the genus Zosterops, or the entire family Zosteropidae.

In New Zealand, the silvereye was first recorded in 1832. It arrived in greater numbers in 1856, and it is assumed that a migrating flock was swept eastwards by a storm. As an apparently self-introduced bird it is protected as a native New Zealand species. Its Māori name, tauhou, means "stranger" or more literally, "new arrival".
HMS Dalrymple
HMS Dalrymple was a Bay-class anti-aircraft frigate of the British Royal Navy, which served as a survey ship, mostly in the Persian Gulf, from 1948 until 1965. She was completed to deal with the large numbers of uncharted wrecks and mines around the British Isles as a result of World War II. For this purpose she was fitted for minesweeping. She was named for the pioneering Hydrographer of the Admiralty Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808).

Bay-class frigate
The Bay class was a class of 26 anti-aircraft (A/A) frigates built for the Royal Navy under the 1943 War Emergency Programme during World War II (one of which was cancelled and six completed as despatch vessels or survey ships). They were based on the hulls of incomplete Loch class anti-submarine (A/S) frigates.

In 1959 and 1961, four frigates of the class (Bigbury Bay, Burghead Bay, Morecambe Bay and Mounts Bay) were transferred to the Portuguese Navy. Between 1966 and 1968, based in Mozambique, these ships were part of the Portuguese naval deterrent force against the Royal Navy Beira Patrol which was trying to enforce sanctions against Rhodesia. In 1966 the Portuguese Navy also bought the survey vessel Dalrymple which served until 1983.
Cottonwood (EP)
Cottonwood is the debut EP by American rapper NLE Choppa. It was released on December 23, 2019, through UnitedMasters and NLE Choppa Entertainment. His second studio album titled Cottonwood 2, released on April 14, 2023, serves as the sequel to the EP.

The EP features two guest appearances from rappers Blueface and Meek Mill, and is supported by three singles: "Shotta Flow", its remix and "Side".

Cottonwood 2
Cottonwood 2 is the second studio album by American rapper NLE Choppa. It was released through Warner Records and No Love Entertainment on April 14, 2023. The album contains guest appearances from 2Rare, Lil Wayne, Lola Brooke, Modesty, Fivio Foreign, Kevin Gates, Duke Deuce, Polo G, G Herbo, Queen Naija, and Rick Ross. The Deluxe 2.0 edition was released on October 27, 2023, and contains additional guest appearances from Gino 2x, ArrDee, Fridayy, Sexyy Red, Russ Millions, Lil Wayne, BigXthaPlug, Rob49, and Carey Washington. Production on the album was handled by a variety of record producers, including NLE Choppa himself, Ben Billions, jetsonmade, DJ Paul, D.A. Got That Dope, CashMoneyAP, Chopsquad DJ, and YoungKio, among others. It serves as a sequel to his 2019 debut extended play Cottonwood.
Daisy Tahan
Daisy Tahan (born March 25, 2001) is an American actress best known for her role as Samantha Focker in Little Fockers. Tahan also originated the role of Fiona Peyton in the Showtime series Nurse Jackie. Daisy, the younger sister of actor Charlie Tahan, lives in Glen Rock, New Jersey.

Charlie Tahan
Charles Tahan (born June 11, 1998) is an American actor. Starting as a child actor, with appearances in the 2007 films American Loser and I Am Legend, he has progressed through teen and adult roles. His notable roles include Ben Burke in the Fox dystopian mystery thriller series Wayward Pines (2015–16), the young Jonathan Crane / Scarecrow in the Fox/DC Comics superhero drama Gotham (2014–17), and Wyatt Langmore in the Netflix original crime drama Ozark (2017–2022).
Admiralty (East) Public Transport Interchange
The Admiralty (East) Public Transport Interchange (Chinese: 金鐘（東）公共運輸交匯處) is a major bus terminus located in Admiralty, Central and Western District, Hong Kong. Located above Admiralty Station of the MTR, the terminus hosts bus routes to most destinations in the Southern District west of Deep Water Bay, so the usage is relatively high.

The interchange has different names named by different bus companies. The official name from the Government is Admiralty (East) Public Transport Interchange; Citybus and New World First Bus named it as the Admiralty (East) Bus Terminus (Chinese: 金鐘（東）巴士總站); while the name from Kowloon Motor Bus is Admiralty Railway Station (East) Bus Terminus (Chinese: 金鐘鐵路站（東）巴士總站).

Admiralty, Hong Kong
Admiralty (金鐘; Gāmjūng) is the eastern extension of the central business district (adjacent to, but separate from, Central) on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It is located on the eastern end of the Central and Western District, bordered by Wan Chai to the east and Victoria Harbour to the north.

The name of Admiralty refers to the former Admiralty Dock in the area which housed a naval dockyard. The dock was later demolished when land was reclaimed and developed northward as the naval base HMS Tamar. The Cantonese name, Kam Chung (金鐘), lit. "Golden Bell", refers to a gold-coloured bell that was used for timekeeping at Wellington Barracks.
Gen. William Hart House
The Gen. William Hart House is a historic house at 350 Main Street in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.  Built in 1767 for a politician and colonial militia leader, it is a good example of Georgian residential architecture.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and is a contributing property to the Old Saybrook South Green historic district.

Old Saybrook South Green
The Old Saybrook South Green is a 20-acre (8.1 ha) historic district that encompasses the historic town green and nearby streets in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.  Established in the 1630s, most of the buildings arrayed around the green were built between 1760 and 1900, and reflect the prosperity of the town, which was a major port and shipbuilding center.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
Irma Björck
Irma Lovisa Björck née Krook (1898–1993) was a Swedish mezzo-soprano opera and operetta singer. After training under Thekla Hofer and Gertrud Grubbstrom-Gronberg, with a year at the Royal Swedish Opera School, she made her début in 1925 at the Royal Swedish Opera as Nancy in Friedrich von Flotow's comic opera Martha. She performed regularly at the Royal Theatre until 1949. She was also successful as a concert performer. In 1918, Björck became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.

Thekla Hofer
Thekla Catharina Charlotta Hofer née Falck (1852–1938) was a Swedish operatic soprano and later voice teacher. She made her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1879 as Rosina in The Barber of Seville. In addition to performing in various theatres in Sweden, she was a highly applauded guest in Weimar, St Petersburg and Riga. In the mid-1990s, she retired from the stage to teach with pupils including Signe Rappe and Karin Branzell.
Salgareda
Salgareda is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 6,102 and an area of 27.2 square kilometres (10.5 sq mi).

The municipality of Salgareda contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Campodipietra, Campobernardo, and Arzeri e Candolè (solo località riconosciute).

Salgareda borders the following municipalities: Cessalto, Chiarano, Noventa di Piave, San Biagio di Callalta, San Donà di Piave, Ponte di Piave, Zenson di Piave.

Zenson di Piave
Zenson di Piave is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Treviso. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,771 and an area of 9.5 square kilometres (3.7 sq mi).

Zenson di Piave borders the following municipalities: Fossalta di Piave, Monastier di Treviso, Noventa di Piave, Salgareda, San Biagio di Callalta.
Composite data type
In computer science, a composite data type or compound data type is a data type that consists of programming language scalar data types and other composite types that may be heterogeneous and hierarchical in nature. It is sometimes called a structure or a record or by a language-specific keyword used to define one such as struct. It falls into the aggregate type classification which includes homogenous collections such as the array and list.

Data type
In computer science and computer programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations on these values, and/or a representation of these values as machine types. A data type specification in a program constrains the possible values that an expression, such as a variable or a function call, might take. On literal data, it tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support basic data types of integer numbers (of varying sizes), floating-point numbers (which approximate real numbers), characters and Booleans.
Estoy Aquí (album)
Estoy Aquí (I'm Here) is a studio album by Lalo Rodríguez released in 1996. It is the final studio album released by Rodríguez, as his album Con Todo Mi Corazon, originally set to be released in March 2013, was completed but never publicly released.

Lalo Rodríguez
Ubaldo Rodríguez Santos (May 16, 1958 – December 13, 2022), known professionally as Lalo Rodríguez, was a Puerto Rican salsa singer recognized as one of the pioneers of the subgenre of Romantic or Erotic Salsa.
Astraeus smithii
Astraeus smithii is a species of false earthstar in the family Diplocystaceae. It was described as new to science in 2013. The specific epithet honors American mycologist Alexander H. Smith. The fungus is found in the central and northern United States, where it grows on the ground at forest edges and open areas.

Astraeus (fungus)
Astraeus is a genus of fungi in the family Diplocystaceae. The genus, which has a cosmopolitan distribution, contains nine species of earthstar mushroom. They are distinguished by the outer layer of flesh (exoperidium) that at maturity splits open in a star-shape manner to reveal a round spore sac. Additionally, they have a strongly hygroscopic character—the rays will open when moist, but when hot and dry will close to protect the spore sac. Species of Astraeus grow on the ground in ectomycorrhizal associations with trees and shrubs. Despite their similar appearance to the Geastrum earthstars, the species of Astraeus are not closely related.
Berriz
Berriz (in Basque and officially, in Spanish: Bérriz) is an elizate, town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Berriz is part of the comarca of Durangaldea and has a population of 4.623 inhabitants as of 2019 and according to the Spanish National Statistics Institute.

Durangaldea
Durangaldea (Spanish: Duranguesado) is a comarca of Biscay located in the Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the seven eskualdeak/comarcas or regions that compose the province of Biscay. The capital city of Durangaldea is Durango.