hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avenue General de Gaulle
Avenue Général de Gaulle is a seaside, palm-lined street in Beirut, Lebanon. The avenue, which was named in honor of the French general and president Charles de Gaulle, forms with Avenue de Paris the Corniche Beirut promenade.  The avenue runs north-south along the Mediterranean coast, from the Manara lighthouse where it connects to Avenue de Paris, skirting around the cliffs of Raouché and the Pigeons' Rocks, down to Boulevard Saeb Salam where it connects to Avenue Rafic Hariri at Ramlet al-Baida beach.

The historic Beirut Carlton, which was considered one of the most luxurious hotels in the city in pre-war Beirut, is located on the avenue. A proposal to build on Avenue Général de Gaulle a new 250-room Ritz-Carlton, designed by Chicago-based architects Perkins and Will, was revealed in 2008.

The avenue is also home to the Bain Militaire and the Mövenpick Hotel along with other hotels.

Corniche Beirut
The Corniche Beirut is a seaside promenade in the Central District of Beirut, Lebanon. Lined with palm trees, the waterfront esplanade has views of the Mediterranean Sea and the summits of Mount Lebanon to the east.  Corniche Beirut has its foundation in the Avenue des Français, which was built during the period of the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon along the seafront that extended from the old town.
Phyllis Zagano
Phyllis Zagano (born August 25, 1947) is an American author and academic. She has written and spoken on the role of women in the Roman Catholic Church and is an advocate for the ordination of women as deacons. Her writings have been variously translated into Indonesian, Czech, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish.

Ordination of women and the Catholic Church
In the liturgical traditions of the Catholic Church, the term ordination refers to the means by which a person is included in one of the holy orders of bishops, priests, or deacons. The teaching of the Catholic Church on ordination, as expressed in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and Ordinatio sacerdotalis (an apostolic letter), is that only a Catholic male validly receives ordination (ex opere operato), and "that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful." In other words, the male priesthood is not considered by the church a matter of policy,  but an unalterable requirement of God. As with priests and bishops, the church ordains only men as deacons.
Electron-transfer dissociation
Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) is a method of fragmenting multiply-charged gaseous macromolecules in a mass spectrometer between the stages of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Similar to electron-capture dissociation, ETD induces fragmentation of large, multiply-charged cations by transferring electrons to them. ETD is used extensively with polymers and biological molecules such as proteins and peptides for sequence analysis. Transferring an electron causes peptide backbone cleavage into c- and z-ions while leaving labile post translational modifications (PTM) intact. The technique only works well for higher charge state peptide or polymer ions (z>2). However, relative to collision-induced dissociation (CID), ETD is advantageous for the fragmentation of longer peptides or even entire proteins. This makes the technique important for top-down proteomics. The method was developed by Hunt and coworkers at the University of Virginia.

Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)
In mass spectrometry, fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular ions formed from passing the molecules  mass spectrum. These reactions are well documented over the decades and fragmentation patterns are useful to determine the molar weight and structural information of unknown molecules. Fragmentation that occurs in tandem mass spectrometry experiments has been a recent focus of research, because this data helps facilitate the identification of molecules.
Düsseldorf-Gerresheim station
Düsseldorf-Gerresheim station is a through station in the district of Gerresheim in the city of Düsseldorf in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The station was opened along with the Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway from Düsseldorf to Erkrath by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company on 20 December 1838. It has two platform tracks and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 5 station. Its station building, which has been refurbished as Kulturbahnhof (culture station) is the oldest extant station building in Germany.

The station is served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S8 between Mönchengladbach and Wuppertal-Oberbarmen or Hagen every 20 minutes, S28 between Mettmann Stadtwald or Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof and Kaarster See every 20 and several S68 services between Wuppertal-Vohwinkel and Langenfeld in the peak hour.

The station is also served by Stadtbahn line U73 and bus routes 730, 736, 736, and 737, all operated  by Rheinbahn.

Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway
The Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway is a 27 km long main line railway in Germany, originally built by the Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company, connecting Düsseldorf and Elberfeld (now Wuppertal) via Erkrath, Hochdahl and Vohwinkel.  It is served by Regional Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains.
Higgins Point, California
Higgins Point is a former mining camp in El Dorado County, California. It was located a half mile west of the center of Salmon Falls.  The place was named for the first person to open a store there, an Australian named Higgins. Rich diggings of gold were discovered by Mormons at Higgins Point in 1849.  Higgins Point was the first part of Salmon Falls to be laid out as a town, starting in 1853.

Salmon Falls, California
38°45′29″N 121°03′30″W﻿ / ﻿38.75806°N 121.05833°W﻿ / 38.75806; -121.05833

Salmon Falls is a former settlement in El Dorado County, California. It was located on the South Fork of the American River 5.5 miles (9 km) south-southwest of Pilot Hill, at an elevation of 469 feet (143 m). It was flooded by Folsom Lake.  Nearby were waterfalls from which the place got its name. The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #571.
Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Madrid)
Museum of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Spanish: Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica), also known as Air Museum (Museo del Aire), is an aviation museum located at the Cuatro Vientos Air Base in Madrid, Spain, devoted to the history of the Spanish Air and Space Force. It is one of the National Museums of Spain and it is attached to the Ministry of Defence.

The objective of the museum is to acquire, conserve and display the aircraft, equipment and associated paraphernalia that constitute the historical heritage of the Spanish Air and Space Force. It has an exterior exhibition and seven hangars.

Madrid–Cuatro Vientos Airport
Madrid–Cuatro Vientos Airport (ICAO: LECU), also known as Cuatro Vientos Airport, is the oldest airport in Spain, established in 1911 (1911) and one of the three civil airports of Madrid along with Madrid–Barajas and Madrid–Torrejón Airport. The airport is located 8 km (5.0 mi) southwest of the city centre. The name "Cuatro Vientos" [ˈkwatɾo ˈβjentos] translates into English as "Four Winds".

Cuatro Vientos was originally an air base, which later became also a civil airport. Thus, there is a military section located on a separate apron of the airport, opposite to the civil one. It is also used as the Madrid base for aircraft of the Spanish Police, as well as for the road traffic surveillance helicopters.
Hot August Night
Hot August Night is a 1972 live double album by Neil Diamond. The album is a recording of a Diamond concert on August 24, 1972, one of ten sold-out concerts that Diamond performed that month at The Greek Theatre in Los Angeles.

Diamond later released three live "sequel" albums, Hot August Night II (1987), Hot August Night/NYC (2009), and Hot August Night III (2018), as well as the Love at the Greek live album, issued in 1977.

Hot August Night/NYC: Live from Madison Square Garden
Hot August Night/NYC is a DVD release from Neil Diamond released on August 14, 2009. The DVD features songs from Diamond's four shows at Madison Square Garden during his 2008 tour. An accompanying 2-CD album was released at the same time.

An edited, hour-long special featuring songs from this DVD was shown on CBS on the night of the disc's release. The special was watched by 13 million viewers.

This is the third in a series of similarly titled live albums; it was preceded by Hot August Night (1972) and Hot August Night II (1987).
Nelson Taylor Jr.
Nelson Taylor Jr. (1854–1912) was a one-term mayor of South Norwalk, Connecticut in 1885. He was a member of the Connecticut Senate from the 13th district until 1888.

He was the son of Nelson Taylor (1821–1894) and Mary Ann Taylor (1823–1908). He was admitted to the bar in 1878. In 1879, he was a State Attorney.

He was mayor of South Norwalk in 1885.
In 1888, he vacated the Connecticut Senate seat.

Nelson Taylor
Nelson Taylor (June 8, 1821 – January 16, 1894) was an American lawyer who served as a U.S. Representative from New York, a brigadier-general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and a captain in the U.S. Army during the Mexican–American War.
Two Nudes in a Forest
Two Nudes in a Forest is an oil painting by Mexican painter Frida Kahlo that was completed in 1939. It is also referred to as The Earth, Two Nudes in the Wood, or My Nurse and I. The painting was given to a close woman companion of Kahlo's, who some believe to be actress Dolores del Río. The two women in the painting also appear in Kahlo's 1938 painting What the Water Gave Me, and her spider monkey, which views the couple from the forest, also appears in Kahlo's 1937 Fulang-Chang and I.

In May 2016 the painting was sold for $8 million at the Christie's auction in New York.

What the Water Gave Me (painting)
What the Water Gave Me (Lo que el agua me dio in Spanish) is an oil painting by Frida Kahlo that was completed in 1938. It is sometimes referred to as What I Saw in the Water.

Frida Kahlo’s What the Water Gave Me has been called her biography. As the scholar Natascha Steed points out, "her paintings were all very honest and she never portrayed herself as being more or less beautiful than she actually was." With this piece she reflected on her life and memories. Kahlo released her unconscious mind through the use of what seems to be an irrational juxtaposition of images in her bathwater. In this painting, Frida paints herself, precisely her legs and feet, lying in a bath of grey water.

The painting was included in Kahlo's first solo exhibit at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York City in November 1938. It is now part of the private collection of Surrealist art collector Daniel Filipacchi.
Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen
Theodoric I, called the Oppressed (German: Dietrich der Bedrängte; 11 March 1162 – 18 February 1221), was the Margrave of Meissen from 1198 until his death. He was the second son of Otto II, Margrave of Meissen and Hedwig of Brandenburg.

Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia
Hermann I (died 25 April 1217), Landgrave of Thuringia and (as Hermann III) Count Palatine of Saxony, called the Hard, was the second son of Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the Iron), and Judith of Hohenstaufen, the sister of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
Hala Orbita
Hala Orbita is a multi-purpose Indoor arena in Wrocław, Poland. It hosts the home games of Śląsk Wrocław basketball club, Śląsk Wrocław handball club and Gwardia Wrocław men's and women's volleyball clubs. It has a seating capacity for 3,000 people. It is used to host sport events like volleyball, handball, basketball, indoor football, gymnastics, fencing as well as a venue for competitions of martial arts, concerts, artistic events, fairs, exhibitions and congresses.

Śląsk Wrocław (basketball)
WKS Śląsk Wrocław is a Polish professional basketball club based in Wrocław. Founded in 1948, Śląsk is the most decorated Polish basketball club, with 18 Polish League and 14 Polish cup championships. The club plays in the Polish Basketball League (PLK), the highest-tier level in Polish men's basketball. The home court is Hala Orbita, but many games are played in Centennial Hall.
Batman: The Widening Gyre
Batman: The Widening Gyre is the title of a six-issue comic book limited series starring Batman, released August 2009 through July 2010. The series is written by Kevin Smith and illustrated by Walt Flanagan. The title is a reference to the William Butler Yeats poem "The Second Coming".

The series was initially planned as 12 issues, with a long break planned between issues #6 and 7. After issue #6 was published, Smith and Flanagan's work on their reality show, Comic Book Men, extended this planned break further than expected. It was decided in the interim to release the remaining issues as a separate series to be called Batman: Bellicosity, that was due in 2014, but to date, remains unreleased, making the series out of continuity.

Onomatopoeia (comics)
Onomatopoeia is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, usually as an enemy of Green Arrow and Batman. Created by writer Kevin Smith and artist Phil Hester, the character first appeared in Green Arrow (vol. 3) #12 (March 2002).

Daya Vaidya portrayed a female version of the character — Peia Mannheim — in the third season of the television series Superman & Lois.
Platynereis
Platynereis is a genus of marine annelid worms that belongs to the Nereididae, a family of errant polychaete worms.

The species Platynereis dumerilii is used in development biology to study development (embryogenesis), in particular because their embryos are largely transparent, and thus easy to follow. Apical organs such as this one are photosensitive which is a key component in their formation. They also have a common ancestor with cnidarians and bilaterians.

Platynereis dumerilii
Platynereis dumerilii is a species of annelid polychaete worm. It was originally placed into the genus Nereis and later reassigned to the genus Platynereis. Platynereis dumerilii lives in coastal marine waters from temperate to tropical zones. It can be found in a wide range from the Azores, the Mediterranean, in the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Atlantic down to the Cape of Good Hope, in the Black Sea, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Sea of Japan, the Pacific, and the Kerguelen Islands. Platynereis dumerilii is today an important lab animal, it is considered a living fossil, and it is used in many phylogenetic studies as a model organism.
WMUL
WMUL is a college broadcast radio station licensed to Marshall University in Huntington, West Virginia, serving Metro Huntington. The Marshall University Board of Governors owns WMUL's FCC license, and a board of directors composed of students and community volunteers, under the direction of Faculty Manager Dr. Charles G. Bailey, handles the day-to-day operations.

Marshall University
Marshall University is a public research university in Huntington, West Virginia, United States.  It was founded in 1837 and is named after John Marshall, the fourth chief justice of the United States. The university is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
Clevosaurus
Clevosaurus (meaning "Gloucester lizard") is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Triassic and the Early Jurassic periods. Species of Clevosaurus were widespread across Pangaea, and have been found on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Five species of Clevosaurus have been found in ancient fissure fill deposits in south-west England and Wales, alongside other sphenodontians, early mammals and dinosaurs. In regards to its Pangaean distribution, C. hadroprodon is the oldest record of a sphenodontian from Gondwana, though its affinity to Clevosaurus has been questioned.

Cromhall Quarry
Cromhall Quarry, also known as Slickstones Quarry, (grid reference ST704916) is a 2.7 hectare flooded former limestone quarry near the village of Cromhall, South Gloucestershire, England notified in 1966.

The quarry is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to its geological and biological significance, which includes the presence of the protected Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus). In recent years, the quarry has transitioned into a maritime training facility operated by South West Maritime Academy, while also offering open water swimming, scuba diving, and paddleboarding through The Lake.

The site shows red Triassic rocks from the Magnesian Conglomerate in fissures of older carboniferous limestone from the Friars Point Limestone.

The fossils of two Clevosaurus species, Cryptovaranoides microlanius and Hwiccewyrm trispiculum have been recovered from Slickstones Quarry in 1939 and 1988, 1953, and the 1970s respectively.
Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
The Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Germany (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Germaniae Septentrionalis), known for most of its existence as the Vicariate Apostolic of the Northern (or Nordic) Missions (Latin: Vicariatus Apostolicus Missionum Septentrionalium), was a Catholic missionary jurisdiction established on 28 April 1667. It belonged to a vicar apostolic in predominantly Protestant Northern Europe.

On 7 August 1868, the occasion of completing separate jurisdictions for all of Scandinavia, the vicariate only continued to comprise small areas in Northern Germany and was thus renamed. With the integration of these areas into other Catholic dioceses, the vicariate ceased to exist on 13 August 1930.

Diocese of Osnabrück
The Diocese of Osnabrück (Latin: Dioecesis Osnabrugensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Germany. The diocese was originally founded circa 800. It should not be confused with the smaller Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück–an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803–over which the bishop, as prince-bishop, exercised both temporal and spiritual authority.
Jacobson–Morozov theorem
In mathematics, the Jacobson–Morozov theorem is the assertion that nilpotent elements in a semi-simple Lie algebra can be extended to sl2-triples. The theorem is named after Jacobson 1951, Morozov 1942.

Sl2-triple
In the theory of Lie algebras, an  sl2-triple is a triple of elements of a Lie algebra that satisfy the commutation relations between the standard generators of the special linear Lie algebra sl2. This notion plays an important role in the theory of semisimple Lie algebras, especially in regard to their nilpotent orbits.
Ruth Ansel
Ruth Ansel (born 1938) is an American graphic designer and art director. She became a co-art director of Harper's Bazaar in the 1960s alongside Bea Feitler. In the 1970s she was art director of The New York Times Magazine and in the 1980s House & Garden, Vanity Fair, and Vogue. She was the first woman to hold these positions. In 2016, Ansel was awarded the AIGA Medal for her visionary contributions to American graphic design.

Art Directors Club Hall of Fame
The Art Directors Club Hall of Fame was established in 1971, by the Art Directors Club of New York, a professional organization in the design and creative industries. The Art Directors Club selects its honorees from those "who have made significant contributions to art direction and visual communications, and whose lifetime achievements represent the highest standards of creative excellence."

In addition to designers usually notable within the communities of design and advertising, the honorees include more popular artists who have affected the broader field of visual culture, including, for example, Issey Miyake, Jim Henson and Andy Warhol.

On its website, the Art Directors Club maintains a biography of each of the Hall of Fame honorees.

In a video shown at the 2010 Hall of Fame gala, George Lois speaks a little bit about the award and its history. In the video, Lois calls the Hall of Fame honors "the Oscars of the advertising business."
St. Mary's Springs Academy
St. Mary's Springs Academy (SMSA, formerly St. Mary's Springs High School) is a Catholic, private, coeducational system serving grades 3-year-old preschool through high school in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, associated with the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. It was founded by the Sisters of Saint Agnes in 1909.

Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
Fond du Lac (/ˈfɒndəlæk/ ⓘ) is a city in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, United States, and its county seat. It is at the southern end of Lake Winnebago and had a population of 44,678 at the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the Fond du Lac metropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Fond du Lac County and had 104,154 residents in 2020.
Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a state in the Weimar Republic that was established on 14 November 1918 upon the abdication of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin following the German Revolution. In 1933, after the onset of Nazi rule, it was united with the smaller neighbouring Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to form the new united state of Mecklenburg on 1 January 1934.

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Großherzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a territory in Northern Germany held by the House of Mecklenburg residing at Schwerin. It was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire in 1871.
The Mighty Redcar
The Mighty Redcar is a 2018 British documentary series first aired on BBC Two. Marketed by the BBC as a "real-life soap opera", the four part series focuses on young people from the town of Redcar and nearby Grangetown, an area with high unemployment following the 2015 closure of SSI Redcar steelworks. The show was praised for its portrayal of the area and for avoiding the "poverty porn" stereotypes associated with similar documentaries.

Redcar
Redcar /ˈrɛdkər/ /rɛdkɑːr/ is a seaside town on the Yorkshire Coast in the Redcar and Cleveland district. It is in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England, and is located 7 miles (11 km) east of Middlesbrough.

The Teesside built-up area's Redcar subdivision had a population of 37,073 at the 2011 census. The town is made up of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke, Wheatlands and Zetland.

It gained a town charter in 1922, from then until 1968 it was governed by the municipal borough of Redcar. Since the abolition of County Borough of Teesside, which existed from 1968 until 1974, the town has been unparished.
Coalbrookdale railway station
Coalbrookdale railway station is a disused station that served both Coalbrookdale and Ironbridge in Shropshire, England. The station was situated on the now mothballed freight-only line between Buildwas Junction and Lightmoor Junction. The station buildings are now used by the Green Wood Centre.

The Telford Steam Railway has aspirations to take possession of the up track passing through the station as part of its southern extension.

The station building at Longville (another station on the Wenlock, Craven Arms and Lightmoor Extension railway) was a similar but reduced version of that at Coalbookdale.

Coalbrookdale railway station is a waypoint on the South Telford Heritage Trail.

Green Wood Centre
The Green Wood Centre in Coalbrookdale, Shropshire – formerly the Green Wood Trust, which was formed in 1984 with the help of many volunteers and specialists who were concerned about the environment – is now the home of the Small Woods Association a registered charity.
Fischbach, Clervaux
Fischbach (German pronunciation: [ˈfɪʃbax]; Luxembourgish: Fëschbech) is a village in the commune of Clervaux, in northern Luxembourg. As of 2025, the village has a population of 129.

It was part of the commune of Heinerscheid until its merger with Clervaux in 2009.

Heinerscheid
Heinerscheid (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnɐʃaɪt]; Luxembourgish: Hengescht) is a small town in northern Luxembourg, in the commune of Clervaux.

It was its own commune until its merger with Clervaux in 2009.

As of 2025, the town of Heinerscheid has a population of 697.