hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Candidate of Sciences
A Candidate of Sciences is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree established by the Soviet Union. Since the 1990s, it has been replaced by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in many post-soviet Central and Eastern European countries, but is still offered in others, particularly Russia. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8: doctoral or equivalent. In countries that confer a Candidate of Sciences degree, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.

The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.

Higher Attestation Commission
Higher Attestation Commission (Russian: Высшая аттестационная комиссия, Ukrainian: Вища атестаційна комісія, abbreviated Cyrillic: ВАК, Latin: VAK) is a name of a national government agency in Russia, Ukraine and some other post-Soviet states that oversees awarding of advanced academic degrees.  Due to translation differences, these committees are sometimes translated as the "State Supreme Certification Commission" or other similar variation; the common Cyrillic-based acronym of VAK remains a constant with all versions.

A commission of a similar kind (Bulgarian: Висша атестационна комисия) operated in Bulgaria until 2010, when it was abolished as part of a reorganisation of academic structures.

On December 9, 2010, the Higher Education Commission of Ukraine was merged into the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.
Mera Fauji Calling
Mera Fauji Calling (transl. My Soldier Calling) is a 2021 Hindi-language action drama film written and directed by Aaryaan Saxena and produced by Vikram Singh and Ovez Shaikh under the banners of Running Horses Films and Ovez Productions. The film bankrolled by Jimmy Satish Asija, has ensemble which includes Sharman Joshi, Bidita Bag, Mugdha Godse, Zarina Wahab, and Shishir Sharma. The film showcases the story of a soldier who sacrifices his life in an attack and the struggle of his family after the attack. Inspired by aftermath of 2019 Pulwama attack, it also explores the various aspects of the life of soldiers and the struggle of their families.

The film was released in cinemas on 11 March 2021.

Vikram Singh (actor)
Ranjha Vikram Singh is an Indian actor and producer. His most notable role was as Rajjo Fauji in the film Heropanti as the antagonist.

In 2015, he also turned producer with his banner, Running Horses Films, for the movie 25 Kille, in which he also played the lead. He featured as one of the lead actors in Fauji Calling (2021).
Text-based user interface
In computing, text-based user interfaces (TUI) (alternately terminal user interfaces, to reflect a dependence upon the properties of computer terminals and not just text), is a retronym describing a type of user interface (UI) common as an early form of human–computer interaction, before the advent of bitmapped displays and modern conventional graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Like modern GUIs, they can use the entire screen area and may accept mouse and other inputs. They may also use color and often structure the display using box-drawing characters such as ┌ and ╣. The modern context of use is usually a terminal emulator.

Windows Console
Windows Console is a GUI application for running console applications in Windows. Windows Console is used for running text-based programs such as operating system shells (e.g. Command Prompt and PowerShell), utilities (e.g. Far Manager) and some, generally older, applications (e.g. Midnight Commander).

Windows Terminal was introduced in Windows 10 as a replacement for Windows Console. In 2019, the console host was open-sourced under the MIT License, alongside Windows Terminal.
Eta Canis Majoris
Eta Canis Majoris is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Canis Major. It has the proper name Aludra, pronounced /əˈluːdrə, əˈljuːdrə/; Eta Canis Majoris is its Bayer designation. This star has an apparent visual magnitude that varies between 2.38 and 2.48, which makes it the fifth-brightest in the constellation. Parallax measurements from the Hipparcos mission estimate a large distance of 2,000 light-years. It is drifting further away from the Sun with a line of sight velocity of 41 km/s.

Epsilon Canis Majoris
Epsilon Canis Majoris is a binary star system and the second-brightest star in the constellation of Canis Major. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinised from ε Canis Majoris, and abbreviated Epsilon CMa or ε CMa. This is the 22nd-brightest star in the night sky with an apparent magnitude of 1.50. About 4.7 million years ago, it was the brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent magnitude of −3.99. Based upon parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos and the Gaia mission, it is about 405–428 light-years distant.

The two components are designated ε Canis Majoris A, officially named Adhara /əˈdɛərə/ – the traditional name of the system, and B.
Possession (1919 film)
Possession is a 1919 British silent romance film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Edwards, Chrissie White and Gerald Ames. It is an adaptation of the 1897 novel Phroso: A Romance by Anthony Hope.

Henry Edwards (actor)
Henry Edwards (18 September 1882 – 2 November 1952) was an English actor and film director. He appeared in more than 80 films between 1915 and 1952. He also directed 67 films between 1915 and 1937.

Edwards married actress Chrissie White in 1924. She appeared in many of his films as did the couple's daughter, Henryetta Edwards. He was born in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset and died in Chobham, Surrey.
Gowok: Javanese Kamasutra
Gowok: Javanese Kamasutra (Indonesian: Gowok: Kamasutra Jawa) is a 2025 drama film written and directed by Hanung Bramantyo. The film stars Raihaanun, Lola Amaria, Alika Jantinia, Devano Danendra, and Reza Rahadian.

The film had its world premiere at the 54th International Film Festival Rotterdam on 2 February 2025.

Hanung Bramantyo
Setiawan Hanung Bramantyo (born 1 October 1975) is an Indonesian director known for his films ranging from teen romances to religious dramas.

After becoming interested in theatre as a child, Bramantyo made his directorial debut with the 1998 short film Tlutur. He made his feature-length debut in 2004, with Brownies. After making several commercial films, he directed the 2008 religious romance Ayat-Ayat Cinta, which was a critical and commercial success. Since then he has directed several more films with religious themes, as well as two sports-related ones.

Bramantyo's works have been noted as covering a variety of genres and political ideologies, with most of his early works being teen romances while his more recent works have been religious dramas. He has also seen controversy for his portrayal of Islam. However, his films have received numerous awards, including two Citra Awards for Best Director at the Indonesian Film Festival.
Lilly King
Lillia Camille King (born February 10, 1997) is an American former competitive swimmer who specialized in breaststroke. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she won the gold medal in the 100-meter breaststroke competition and also won a gold medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay, in which she swam the breaststroke leg. At the 2020 Summer Olympics, King won a silver medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay for her efforts in the prelims, the silver medal in the 200-meter breaststroke, and the bronze medal in the 100-meter breaststroke. At the 2024 Summer Olympics, she won a gold medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay, where she swam the breaststroke leg.  She is the current world record holder in the long course 100-meter breaststroke.

King retired from competitive swimming after the 2025 World Aquatics Championships in Singapore.

Lydia Jacoby
Lydia Alice Jacoby OLY (born February 29, 2004) is an American professional swimmer. She was the first Alaskan to qualify for an Olympic Games in swimming, competing at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in 2021, where she won the gold medal in the 100-meter breaststroke with a time of 1:04.95, which was the fastest time ever achieved by a female American swimmer in the event in the 17–18 age group. Later in the year, she was the overall highest scoring female American competitor at the 2021 FINA Swimming World Cup. In 2022, she became the fastest female American swimmer in history in the 100-yard breaststroke for the 17–18 age group with a national age group record time of 57.54 seconds. In 2023, she further lowered the record to a time of 57.45 seconds, then 57.29 seconds, and set a national age group record of 2:04.32 for the girls 17–18 age group in the 200-yard breaststroke. She is the 2023 NCAA Division I champion in the women's 100-yard breaststroke.
Dalem, Netherlands
Dalem is a village in the Tielerwaard region in the municipality of Gorinchem, in the Dutch province of South Holland. The village belonged to the province of Gelderland until 1986 and was part of the former municipality of Vuren. Until January 1, 1818, Dalem was the name of the municipality, which was then renamed Vuren.

Vuren
Vuren is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of West Betuwe, and is located about 5 km east of Gorinchem.

Vuren was a separate municipality until 1986, when it merged with Asperen, Herwijnen, and Heukelum including Spijk. The new municipality was originally called "Vuren", but the name changed to "Lingewaal" in 1987. Before 1816, the municipality of Vuren was named "Dalem".

In 2001, the village of Vuren had 1575 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.47 km², and contained 608 residences.
The statistical area "Vuren", which also can include the peripheral parts of the village, as well as the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 2090.

The fort at Vuren formed as part of the defensive Hollandic Water Line.
SRO GT2
SRO GT2 is a class of grand tourer racing cars maintained by the SRO Motorsports Group. Despite the name, this class slots between GT4 and GT3 in terms of performance. The cars have more power than GT3 cars, with the most powerful entries at nearly 700 horsepower. However, they have much less downforce than a GT3 car.

They should not be confused with the Group GT2 from the early 2000s, which evolved into the now-defunct LM GTE class.

The class uses a balance of performance to allow for close competition between competitors.

Grand tourer
A grand tourer (GT) is a type of car that is designed for high speed, long-distance driving with luxury specifications. The most common format is a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive two-door coupé with either a two-seat or a 2+2 arrangement. Grand tourers are often the coupé derivative of luxury saloons or sedans. Some models, such as the Ferrari 250 GT, Jaguar E-Type, and Aston Martin DB5, are considered classic examples of gran turismo cars.

The term is a near-calque from the Italian language phrase gran turismo, which became popular in the English language in the 1950s, evolving from fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars during the 1930s.
Tom Fogarty (hurler)
Fr. Thomas Fogarty (born 1951) is a Roman Catholic priest and former hurler who played as a left corner-back at senior level for the Tipperary county team.

Born in Templetuohy, County Tipperary, Fogarty first played competitive hurling in his youth. attended Thurles CBS, and trained for the priesthood at St. Patrick's College, Thurles and was ordained for the Diocese of Cashel and Emly.

MIC, St. Patrick's Campus, Thurles
Mary Immaculate College, (MIC) St. Patrick's Campus, Thurles is a third-level college of education in Thurles, County Tipperary. Formerly a seminary, the college specialises in humanities courses in accounting, business studies, Irish and religious studies.
Paul Dewar
Paul Wilson Dewar (January 25, 1963 – February 6, 2019) was a Canadian educator and politician from Ottawa, Ontario. He was the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Ottawa Centre.

Dewar was first elected to the House of Commons in the 2006 federal election. He served as the Official Opposition Critic for Foreign Affairs, until he left the post in October 2011 to run for the leadership of the NDP. Dewar lost his seat during the 2015 federal election which saw the NDP lose all of its seats in Eastern Ontario. Before entering politics he worked as a teacher and was an elected representative of the Ottawa-Carleton Elementary Teachers' Federation.

Ottawa Centre (federal electoral district)
Ottawa Centre (French: Ottawa-Centre) is an urban federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968. While the riding's boundaries (mainly to the south and west as the north and east borders have remained the Ottawa River and Rideau River, respectively) have changed over the years to account for population changes, the riding has always comprised the central areas of Ottawa, the nation's capital.

The House of Commons of Canada meets in the West Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill, which is located within this district.
Two-barred cross
A two-barred cross is similar to a Latin cross but with an extra bar added. The lengths and placement of the bars (or "arms") vary, and most of the variations are interchangeably called the cross of Lorraine, the patriarchal cross, the Orthodox cross or the archiepiscopal cross.

Archiepiscopal cross
An archiepiscopal cross (archbishop's cross) is a two-barred cross used by or to signify or dignify an archbishop. Similar to the patriarchal cross, it is typically made like a staff with the two barred cross up top and a very long downwards extending arm.
Luck and Strange
Luck and Strange is the fifth studio album by the English guitarist and songwriter David Gilmour, released on 6 September 2024 by Sony Music. It was produced by Gilmour and Charlie Andrew.

Gilmour's wife, novelist Polly Samson, wrote most of the lyrics, which she said addressed mortality and aging. Their children contributed additional vocals, lyrics and instrumentation. The song "Luck and Strange" features keyboards recorded in 2007 by the Pink Floyd keyboardist, Richard Wright, who died in 2008. The album also features a cover of the 1999 song "Between Two Points", originally by the British band the Montgolfier Brothers.

Luck and Strange became Gilmour's third number-one album on the UK Albums Chart. "The Piper's Call", "Between Two Points", "Dark and Velvet Nights" and "Luck and Strange" were released as singles. Gilmour toured in support of the album in late 2024.

Polly Samson
Polly Samson (born 29 April 1962) is an English novelist, lyricist and journalist. She is married to the musician David Gilmour and has written lyrics for many of his songs, including albums with his band Pink Floyd.
Don't Stop Believing (TV series)
Don't Stop Believing is a British television talent show that aired on Channel 5 in summer 2010. It was inspired by the musical comedy-drama Glee, which airs in the United States on the Fox network. The series featured live shows in which musical performance groups competed against each other, with viewers voting on the winner. Solo singers were also sought to join a group to represent the United Kingdom on the American glee club circuit. The show was hosted by Emma Bunton, and judged by Anastacia, Duncan James, Tamzin Outhwaite and Charles "Chucky" Klapow. The programme was shown in simulcast on Irish TV channel 3e and repeated a week later on parent channel TV3 Ireland. The show was not renewed for a second series due to low ratings.

Duncan James
Duncan Matthew James Inglis (born 7 April 1978) is an English singer, actor and television presenter. He is a member of the boy band Blue and later played the role of Ryan Knight in the British soap opera Hollyoaks.
East Greenwich Township, New Jersey
East Greenwich Township is a township in Gloucester County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 11,706, an increase of 2,151 (+22.5%) from the 2010 census count of 9,555, which in turn reflected an increase of 4,125 (+76.0%) from the 5,430 counted in the 2000 census.

East Greenwich Township was created by the New Jersey Legislature on February 10, 1881, from the eastern part of Greenwich Township and western part of Mantua Township.

Logan Township, New Jersey
Logan Township is a township in Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 6,000, a decrease of 42 (−0.7%) from the 2010 census count of 6,042, which in turn reflected an increase of 10 (+0.2%) from the 6,032 counted in the 2000 census.

Logan Township was formed as West Woolwich Township by the New Jersey Legislature on March 7, 1877, from portions of Woolwich Township. That name lasted just less than a year, as the name was changed to Logan Township as of March 6, 1878. The community is named for John Alexander "Black Jack" Logan, a Union Army general who was behind the establishment of Memorial Day as a national holiday.
Helen Stenborg
Helen Joan Stenborg (January 24, 1925 – March 22, 2011) was an American actress of stage, screen, and television. She occasionally acted with her husband, actor Barnard Hughes, to whom she was married for 56 years, from 1950 until his death in 2006.

Barnard Hughes
Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American actor. His most successful roles came after middle age, and he was often cast as a dithering authority figure or grandfatherly elder. He won the 1978 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.
Vikas Verma
Vikas Verma (born 24 September 1987) is an Indian actor and model who mainly works in Hindi films. His notable works include Raabta (2017), Mom (2017 film), Judwaa 2 (2017) and Coolie No. 1 (2020). Verma began his career  as a child actor in the film Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna. He then became a model where he won the title of India's Fashion Star 2009, Zoom TV and has walked for leading fashion designers at various fashion weeks. He made his acting debut with a negative role in the romance adventure film Yaariyan. He went on to star in the romantic-comedy film Shaandaar, where he played the role of Robin Fundwani. Before his debut in Bollywood he was seen in TV serial Jhansi Ki Rani, where he played the negative role as "Marshall and Captain Robert Hamilton". For this role he has won the nomination for "Best Male Negative Lead" at the Indian Telly Awards.

Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani
Ek Veer Stree Ki Kahaani – Jhansi Ki Rani ('Story of a brave woman – Queen of Jhansi') is an Indian historical drama based on the life of Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi. The series was directed by Jitendra Srivastava and written by Rajesh Saksham, Ila Dutta Bedi, Malavika Asthana, Mairaj Zaidi and Virendra Singh Patyal. It premiered on 18 August 2009 on Zee TV with Ulka Gupta playing young Queen Lakshmi Bai. On 8 June 2010, the story moved on several years and Kratika Sengar portrayed the Queen from there on. The last episode aired on 19 June 2011, completing 480 episodes. This show replaced Maayka serial time slot.
Krishanu Dey
Krishanu Dey (Bengali: কৃশানু দে; 14 February 1962 – 20 March 2003) was an Indian footballer from Kolkata, India. He was an attacking midfielder and was known as the "Indian Maradona" among his fans due to his footballing skills and playing style.

He started his career with Mohun Bagan.He appeared on Calcutta Football League with club East Bengal from 1984 to 1991 and again from 1992 to 1994, and captained the team in 1989–90. During his playing days, Dey came in touch of Sushil Bhattacharya, East Bengal's first ever head coach.

Sushil Bhattacharya
Sushil Bhattacharya (Bengali: সুশীল ভট্টাচার্য; 1924 – 18 July 2015) was an Indian professional football player and coach, who is credited for becoming the first manager of the India women's national football team. He was also the first head coach in history of East Bengal Club.
Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance
The Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance is an interdisciplinary research center in Munich. The Institute is part of the Max Planck Society, Germany’s foremost provider of basic research in science and humanities, funded largely from public resources.

Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition
The Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb) is a Munich, Germany, based research institute, which is part of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which manages 84 institutes and research institutions. The institute was formerly known as the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law and the name was changed to Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition in view of the broader focus of the institute and its interdisciplinary character. The major research areas of the institute are intellectual property, innovation and competition. Apart from providing research support for scholars from across the world, the institute also publishes the International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law (IIC).

As of 2024, Prof. Josef Drexl is the managing director of the institute. Prof. Dietmar Harhoff is director of the institute.
Lamellar bodies
In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin. They are oblong structures, appearing about 300-400 nm in width and 100-150 nm in length in transmission electron microscopy images. Lamellar bodies in the alveoli of the lungs fuse with the cell membrane and release pulmonary surfactant into the extracellular space.

Pulmonary surfactant
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoli, with hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of the surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), reduces surface tension.

As a medication, pulmonary surfactant is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
Don Reinhoudt
Donald C. Reinhoudt (March 5, 1945 – July 3, 2023) was an American powerlifter and strongman. He won the IPF World Powerlifting Superheavyweight Championship four consecutive times (1973–1976), and won the World's Strongest Man in 1979.

Widely considered to be one of the greatest powerlifters of all time, Reinhoudt set over forty powerlifting records throughout his career and held all four of the powerlifting records in his day. His world record raw total of 2,391 pounds (1,085 kg), set in 1975, stood for 38 years.

John Kuc
John Kuc is a former world champion powerlifter from the United States. During the 1970s and 80s, he set numerous powerlifting national and world records, won three International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) world championships and numerous national championships.

Although Jon Cole squatted 905 pounds and totaled 2370 pounds (later weighed out at 2364) a bit earlier in a AAU local meet in Phoenix, Arizona on October 28, 1972, Kuc became known as the first man to squat over 900 and total 2300 pounds in a major international competition with a more strict judging at the AAU World Powerlifting Championships on November 11, 1972 by squatting 905 pounds and totaling an impressive 2350 pounds (905-600-845) (raw with just ace bandages), which is still one of the highest raw totals ever achieved until today.