hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Asociality
Asociality refers to the lack of motivation to engage in social interaction, or a preference for solitary activities. Asociality may be associated with avolition, but it can, moreover, be a manifestation of limited opportunities for social relationships. Developmental psychologists use the synonyms nonsocial, unsocial, and social uninterest. Asociality is distinct from, but not mutually exclusive to, anti-social behavior. A degree of asociality is routinely observed in introverts, while extreme asociality is observed in people with a variety of clinical conditions.

Asociality is not necessarily perceived as a totally negative trait by society, since asociality has been used as a way to express dissent from prevailing ideas. It is seen as a desirable trait in several mystical and monastic traditions, notably in Hinduism, Jainism, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Buddhism, and Sufism.

Solitude
Solitude, also known as social withdrawal, is a state of seclusion or isolation, meaning lack of socialisation. Effects can be either positive or negative, depending on the situation. Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think, or rest without disturbance. It may be desired for the sake of privacy. Long-term solitude may stem from soured relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders such as circadian rhythm sleep disorder, or circumstances of employment or situation.

A distinction has been made between solitude and loneliness. In this sense, these two words refer, respectively, to the joy and the pain of being alone.
Cardinal Stadium (Washington, D.C.)
Cardinal Stadium is a 3,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Washington, D.C. The stadium is located on the campus of the Catholic University of America, and is home to the Catholic University Cardinals football and field hockey teams. For the pandemic-shortened 2020 season, it was the home of Old Glory DC of Major League Rugby.

Cardinal Stadium opened in 1985 after Brookland Stadium was closed down. Cardinal Stadium is a 15-minute walk from the Brookland–CUA Station on the Washington Metro Red Line.

The stadium has a synthetic FieldTurf surface, installed in 2006 and renewed in 2016, and a Daktronics scoreboard, installed in 2007. Bleachers are located on the eastern side of the stadium, and are separated from the playing field by an eight-lane track.

Catholic University Cardinals
Catholic University of America's intercollegiate sports teams are called the Cardinals after the northern cardinal, and they compete in the NCAA's Division III. They are members of the Landmark Conference, and the Mid-Atlantic Rowing Conference (rowing). The team colors are red (PMS 1805) and black. Catholic celebrates Homecoming in the fall to coincide with a home football game.

Originally known as the Red and Black after the colors they wore, Catholic University's athletes came to be known as the Cardinals (often the Flying Cardinals, occasionally the Fighting Cardinals) in the mid-1920s.
European route E30
European route E30 is an A-Class European route from the port of Cork in Ireland in the west to the Russian city of Omsk, near the border with Kazakhstan in the east. For much of the Russian stretch, it follows the Trans-Siberian Highway and, east of the Ural Mountains, with AH6 of the Asian Highway Network, which continues to Busan, South Korea. The total length is 6,530 km (4,060 mi)—3,300 km (2,100 mi) from Cork to Moscow, and 3,230 km (2,010 mi) from Moscow to Omsk. The naming is by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

M1 highway (Russia)
The Russian route M1 (also known as the Belarus Highway, road to Minsk) is a major trunk road that runs from Moscow through Smolensk before reaching the border with Belarus. The length is 440 kilometers (270 mi). The highway runs south of Odintsovo, Kubinka, Mozhaysk, Gagarin, north of Vyazma, through Safonovo and Yartsevo. After crossing the border with Belarus, the highway continues (as olimpijka) to Minsk, Brest, and Warsaw. The entire route is part of European route E30 and AH6.

During the 1980 Summer Olympics, a 50-kilometer (31 mi) stretch between the 23-kilometer (14 mi) mark and the 73-kilometer (45 mi) mark was used for the road team time trial cycling event.
Kungsparken, Malmö
Kungsparken is a park in Malmö, Sweden. It is located in the centre of the city just west of the Malmö City Hall and Malmö District Court and surrounds Malmöhus Castle. Up until 1881 it was known as Slottsparken. Because of this and their close proximity, it is sometimes confused with the nearby Slottsparken on maps, which was established in 1897.

55°36′11″N 12°59′30″E﻿ / ﻿55.603181°N 12.991757°E﻿ / 55.603181; 12.991757

Slottsparken, Malmö
Slottsparken is a park in Malmö, Sweden established in 1897 and opened for public in 1900. Malmö City Library is located in one corner of the park. Across the canal to the north lies Kungsparken, which was known as Slottsparken until 1881. Because of this name change and the fact that the two parks effectively form one continuous park, there is often confusion about the names, even on maps.

The park is a popular place to go for a walk on a sunny day with children on account of the large playground and the many birds living in Big Pond (Swedish: Stora dammen), including ducks, black-headed gulls, grey herons and swans.
Chana School
Chana School is a Registered Historic Place in Ogle County, Illinois, in the county seat of Oregon, Illinois. One of six Oregon sites listed on the Register, the school is an oddly shaped, two-room schoolhouse which has been moved from its original location. Chana School joined the Register in 2005 as an education museum.

The schoolhouse was built in 1883, in the village of Chana, Illinois. Due to the elimination of the Chana School District, the school was abandoned by the 1960s. A restoration effort was undertaken in the late 1990s, ending with a move and refurbishment in 2002 and 2003. The building now stands in a public park along the Rock River in Oregon, Illinois. Its interior also features architectural elements which set it apart from the typical 19th-century schoolhouse. From a distance, the building is dominated by its bell tower.

Two-room school
A two-room schoolhouse is a larger version of the one-room schoolhouse, with many of the same characteristics, providing the facility for primary and secondary education in a small community or rural area. While providing the same function as a contemporary primary school or secondary school building, a small multi-room school house is more similar to a one-room schoolhouse, both being architecturally very simple structures. While once very common in rural areas of many countries, one and two-room schools have largely been replaced although some are still operating. Having a second classroom allowed for two teachers to operate at the school, serving a larger number of schoolchildren and/or more grade levels.  Architecturally, they could be slightly more complex, but were still usually very simple. In some areas, a two-room school indicated the village or town was more prosperous.
Solomon Mikhlin
Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin (Russian: Соломо́н Григо́рьевич Ми́хлин, real name Zalman Girshevich Mikhlin) (the family name is also transliterated as Mihlin or Michlin) (23 April 1908 – 29 August 1990) was a Soviet mathematician of who worked in the fields of linear elasticity, singular integrals and numerical analysis: he is best known for the introduction of the symbol of a singular integral operator, which eventually led to the foundation and development of the theory of pseudodifferential operators.

Gaetano Fichera
Gaetano Fichera (8 February 1922 – 1 June 1996) was an Italian mathematician, working in mathematical analysis, linear elasticity, partial differential equations and several complex variables. He was born in Acireale, and died in Rome.
Regensburg (district)
Regensburg is a Landkreis (district) in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north, in clockwise direction) the districts of Schwandorf, Cham, Straubing-Bogen, Kelheim and Neumarkt. The city of Regensburg is enclosed by it, but is not part of the district; nonetheless it is its administrative seat.

Straubing-Bogen
Straubing-Bogen is a Landkreis (district) in the eastern part of Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Cham, Regen, Deggendorf, Dingolfing-Landau, Landshut and Regensburg. The independent town of Straubing is surrounded by the district. The seat of the government of the district (Landratsamt) is located in Straubing.

The only towns within the district itself are Bogen and Geiselhöring.
International University of Korea
35°10′23″N 128°12′10″E﻿ / ﻿35.173142°N 128.202639°E﻿ / 35.173142; 128.202639

International University of Korea (Korean: 한국국제대학교) was a private university located in Jinju, South Korea. It is located 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Jinju. The university was closed on August 31, 2023.

Established in 1978 and later as Jinjun International University, the post secondary institution was renamed the current named in 2008.

The university was made up of seven colleges and 27 departments with total enrollment at 5,000.

IUK offers studies in Korean and English attracting mostly students from Asia (China, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, Philippines, Sri Lanka) as well as from Australia, Canada, United States and Turkey.

Jinju
Jinju (Korean: 진주; Korean pronunciation: [tɕin.dʑu]) is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It was the location of the first (1592) and second (1593) Sieges of Jinju by Japanese forces during the Imjin War.  The Republic of Korea Air Force Education and Training Command is located in the eastern part of the city.
There are cultural-historical tourist attractions in Jinju such as Jinju Fortress, the Jinju National Museum, and the Nam-gang Prehistoric Site Museum.
Wolfson College Boat Club (Oxford)
Wolfson College Boat Club is rowing club for the members of both Wolfson College, Oxford and St Cross College, Oxford. The club has competed since 1969 and takes part in the collegiate competitions Torpids and Summer Eights. Due to the membership being drawn from graduate colleges, the club races actively during the vacation periods at external races. Both squads also participate in the annual head races in London on the tideway (HoRR, WEHoRR, and HOR4s).

Wolfson College, Oxford
Wolfson College (/ˈwʊlfsən/) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Wolfson is a graduate college, with particular strengths in areas like global health, environmental studies, economics, and humanities. It is located in north Oxford along the River Cherwell. The historian and philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin was the college's first president and was instrumental in its founding in 1965. The college houses The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust and hosts an annual Isaiah Berlin Lecture. From 2017, the president of the college has been Sir Tim Hitchens.

As of 2021, the college had a financial endowment of £60.4 million, and is registered as a charity. Wolfson's sister college at the University of Cambridge is Darwin College.
Şıxhapıt
41°24′N 48°47′E﻿ / ﻿41.400°N 48.783°E﻿ / 41.400; 48.783

Şıxhapıt (also, Şıxhaput, Shykh-Gaput, and Shykhgapyt) is a village in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Qaraçaycek.

Qaraçaycek
Qaraçaycek (also, Qaraçaycək and Karachaydzhek) is a village and municipality in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 994.  The municipality consists of the villages of Qaraçaycək and Şıxhapıt.
International Panel on the Information Environment
The International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) is an international consortium of over 250 experts from 55 countries dedicated to providing actionable scientific knowledge on threats to the global information environment. The organization has been compared with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but also the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the International Atomic Energy Agency, because it uses the model of scientific panels and neutral assessments to identify points of consensus or gaps in knowledge. The IPIE was legally registered as a charitable entity in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland in 2023.

Philip N. Howard
Philip N. Howard (born December 9, 1970) is a sociologist and communication researcher who studies the impact of information technologies on democracy and social inequality. He studies how new information technologies are used in both civic engagement and social control in countries around the world.  He is Professor of Internet Studies at the Oxford Internet Institute and Balliol College at the University of Oxford. He has been Director of the Oxford Internet Institute and a Fellow at Harvard University's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy.  Most recently, he helped establish the new International Panel on the Information Environment.

His latest book is Lie Machines: How to Save Democracy from Troll Armies, Deceitful Robots, Junk News Operations, and Political Operatives.
Business jet
A business jet, private jet, or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people, typically business executives and high-ranking associates. Business jets are generally designed for faster air travel and more personal comfort than commercial aircraft, and may be adapted for other roles, such as casualty evacuation or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies, government officials, VIPs, or even the military.

Bombardier Global Express
The Bombardier Global Express is a large cabin, long-range business jet designed and manufactured by Bombardier Aviation.

Announced in October 1991, it first flew in October 1996, received its Canadian type certification in July 1998 and entered service in July 1999.

Initially powered by two BMW/Rolls-Royce BR710s, it shares its fuselage cross section with the Canadair Regional Jet and Challenger 600 with a new wing and tail.

The shorter range Global 5000 is slightly smaller. The XRS is an improved version of the Global Express and the Global 6000 is an upgrade to the XRS that replaces the older avionics. The longer range Global 5500/6500 are powered by new Rolls-Royce Pearl engines with lower fuel burn and were unveiled in May 2018.

The larger and stretched Global 7500/8000 have longer ranges.
Moscow State University
The Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, six Fields Medal winners, and one Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university.

Andrey Kolmogorov
Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, IPA: [ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf] ⓘ, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Soviet mathematician who played a central role in the creation of modern probability theory. He also gave fundamental contributions to the mathematics of topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics, functional analysis, algorithmic information theory and computational complexity.
Benjamin Kent
Benjamin Kent (1708–1788) was a Massachusetts Attorney General (1776–1777) and then acting Attorney General during much of Robert Treat Paine's tenure (1777–1785). He was appointed seven successive terms. Prior to the American Revolution, Kent was notable for his representation of slaves suing their masters for their freedom, which contributed to the demise of slavery in Massachusetts. He was a member of the North End Caucus and prominent member of the Sons of Liberty, which formed to protest the passage of the Stamp Act of 1765. The efforts of the Sons of Liberty created the foundation for the Boston Tea Party. Kent called for independence early in the American Revolution.

Sampson Salter Blowers
Sampson Salter Blowers (March 10, 1742 – October 25, 1842) was a North American lawyer, Loyalist and jurist from Nova Scotia who, along with Chief Justice Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange, waged "judicial war" in his efforts to free Black Nova Scotian slaves from their owners, leading to the decline of slavery in Nova Scotia.
Spanair
Spanair S.A. was a Spanish airline, with its head office in the Spanair Building in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, near Barcelona. Until 2009, it was a subsidiary of the SAS Group; the same parent company in control of Scandinavian Airlines and held slightly under 20% of the company. Spanair provided a scheduled passenger network within Spain and Europe, with an extension to West Africa.  Worldwide charters were also flown for tour companies. Its main hub was Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport, with focus cities at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport and Palma de Mallorca Airport. The airline had 3,161 employees and was a Star Alliance member from 2003 until its demise on 27 January 2012.

Spanair Flight 5022
Spanair Flight 5022 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Barcelona–El Prat Airport to Gran Canaria Airport, Spain, with a stopover in Madrid–Barajas Airport that crashed just after take-off from runway 36L at Madrid-Barajas Airport at 14:24 CEST (12:24 UTC) on 20 August 2008. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-82, registration EC-HFP. Of the 172 passengers and crew on board, 154 died and 18 survived.

It was the second fatal accident for Spanair (part of the SAS Group) in the 25-year history of the company, and the 14th fatal accident and 24th hull loss involving the McDonnell Douglas MD-80 series aircraft. As of 2026, Spanair Flight 5022 remains the second-deadliest aviation accident in mainland Spain, behind Avianca Flight 011.

The accident further worsened Spanair's negative image at the time and exacerbated its financial difficulties. Spanair ceased operations on 27 January 2012.
Apollosa
Apollosa is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 8 km southwest of Benevento.

Apollosa borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Campoli del Monte Taburno, Castelpoto, Ceppaloni, Montesarchio, San Leucio del Sannio.

San Leucio del Sannio
San Leucio del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 6 km south of Benevento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,269 and an area of 10.0 km2.

San Leucio del Sannio borders the following municipalities: Apollosa, Benevento, Ceppaloni, Sant'Angelo a Cupolo.
New Brunswick Free Public Library
The New Brunswick Free Public Library is the public library of New Brunswick, New Jersey. The main library, built 1903, is located at 60 Livingston Avenue and is one of New Jersey's Carnegie libraries. The Henry Guest House was moved to library grounds in 1924 and is bordered by the Willow Grove Cemetery. It is a contributing property of the Livingston Avenue Historic District. The library is the only building with Beaux Arts style in the district.

Livingston Avenue Historic District
The Livingston Avenue Historic District is a 32-acre (13 ha) historic district located along Livingston Avenue between Hale and Morris Streets in the city of New Brunswick in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1996, for its significance in architecture, social history, and urban history from 1870 to 1929. It has 58 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites, including the Willow Grove Cemetery, the Henry Guest House, and the New Brunswick Free Public Library. The John B. Drury House was built around 1888.
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured Reality or Competition Program
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured Reality or Competition Program is awarded to one program each year. This category and Outstanding Picture Editing for an Unstructured Reality Program were created in 2016, replacing Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming. Prior to 2006, reality programs competed alongside nonfiction programs in Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place:

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for an Unstructured Reality Program
The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured or Competition Reality Program is awarded to one program each year. This category and Outstanding Picture Editing for a Structured or Competition Reality Program were created in 2016, replacing Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming. Prior to 2006, reality programs competed alongside nonfiction programs in Picture Editing for a Nonfiction Program.

In the following list, the first titles listed in gold are the winners; those not in gold are nominees, which are listed in alphabetical order. The years given are those in which the ceremonies took place:
Songjiang, Shanghai
Songjiang is a suburban district (formerly a county) of Shanghai. It has a land area of 605.64 km2 (233.84 sq mi) and a population of 1,909,713 (2020). Owing to a long history, Songjiang is known as the cultural root of Shanghai.

Songjiang Town, the urban center of the district, was formerly the major city in the area. It is now connected to downtown Shanghai by Line 9 of the Shanghai Metro.

Sheshan
Sheshan (literally, "She Mountain"),: 48  known in Shanghainese as Zose, is a pair of hills in Songjiang District in western Shanghai, China. The two hills are distinguished as East and West Sheshan, although the more important western hill is also called Sheshan on its own. East Sheshan has an elevation of 100.8 m (331 ft) and West Sheshan has an elevation of 118 m (387 ft), it is the highest point in Shanghai, there is a small valley between them. The area around the two hills is a forest park.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang ([ɕwǎn.tsʊ́ŋ]; 8 September 685 – 3 May 762), personal name Li Longji, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 712 to 756. His reign of 44 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty. Through two palace coups, he seized the throne and inherited an empire still in its golden age. He was initially assisted by capable chancellors like Yao Chong, Song Jing and Zhang Yue who were already serving as government officials before Xuanzong ascended the throne. However, under Emperor Xuanzong, the empire reached its turning point and went into sharp decline and near collapse, due to numerous political missteps throughout his long reign, such as over-trusting chancellors Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong and general An Lushan, with Tang's golden age ending in the An Lushan rebellion.

Empress Liu (Tang dynasty)
Empress Liu (劉皇后, personal name unknown) (died 8 January 693), formally Empress Sumingshunsheng (肅明順聖皇后, literally "the solemn, understanding, serene, and holy empress") or Empress Suming (肅明皇后) in short, was an empress of the Chinese Tang dynasty.  She was the wife of Emperor Ruizong.