hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Horti Tauriani
The Horti Tauriani (Latin for ‘Taurian gardens’) were a large set of gardens in ancient Rome around the residence of Statilius Taurus, an eminent character of the 1st century CE.  They were perhaps the motive for his conviction on a charge of sorcery, which allowed Agrippina to confiscate them and add them to the imperial estates. At the time of Claudius and Nero, the gardens were divided into Horti Pallantiani and Horti Epaphroditiani, named after the imperial freedmen Epaphroditus and Pallantus to whom they were given.

The gardens were partly reunited under Gallienus in the mid 3rd century with the imperial Horti Liciniani, but began to split again in late antiquity, being centred round the residence of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus as the Horti Vettiani.

From this area come numerous attributable sculptures from the gardens' different phases: statues of deities, decorative reliefs, two large marble craters, and three splendid portraits of Hadrian, Sabina, and Matidia.

Horti Liciniani
The Horti Liciniani was a luxurious complex of an ancient Roman villa with large gardens and outdoor rooms originally belonging to the gens Licinia. It was located in Rome on the Esquiline Hill between via Labicana and via Prenestina, close to the Aurelian Walls. They bordered the Horti Tauriani to the north and the Horti Pallantiani and Horti Epaphroditiani to the west.
Membrane estrogen receptor
Membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) are a group of receptors which bind estrogen. Unlike nuclear estrogen receptors, which mediate their effects via slower genomic mechanisms, mERs are cell surface receptors that rapidly alter cell signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.

Nuclear estrogen receptors such as ERα and ERβ become mERs through palmitoylation, a post-translational modification that enhances ER association with caveolin-1 to enable trafficking of ERs to the membrane or membrane caveolae. Other putative mERs include GPER (GPR30), GPRC6A, ER-X, ERx and Gq-mER.

ER-X
ER-X is a membrane-associated receptor that is bound and activated by 17α-estradiol and 17β-estradiol and is a putative membrane estrogen receptor (mER). It shows sequence homology with ERα and ERβ and activates the MAPK/ERK pathway. The receptor is insensitive to the antiestrogen ICI-182,780 (fulvestrant).
Boondall State School
Boondall State School is an independent public co-educational primary school located in the Brisbane suburb of Boondall, Queensland, Australia. It is administered by the Queensland Department of Education, with an enrolment of 648 students and a teaching staff of 45, as of 2023. The school serves students from Prep to Year 6.

The school has been placed on the Brisbane Heritage Register as a Local Heritage Place since 1 July 2003, due to the schools Arbor Day trees.

Boondall, Queensland
Boondall (/ˈbuːndəl/ BOON-dəl) is a northern suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was formerly known as Cabbage Tree Creek (after the creek that flows through the area). In the 2021 census, Boondall had a population of 9,603 people.
Thomas Johansson
Karl Thomas Conny Johansson (pronounced [ˈtʊ̌mːas ˈjûːanˌsɔn]; born 24 March 1975) is a Swedish tennis coach and a former professional player. He reached a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) world No. 7 singles ranking in May 2002. His career highlights in singles include a major title at the 2002 Australian Open, and a Masters title at the 1999 Canada Masters. He also won a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics in men's doubles, partnering Simon Aspelin. As of 2025, Johansson remains the last Swedish man to win a major in singles.

Johansson was the coach of Sorana Cîrstea from 2022 to early 2024. From early 2024 to September 2025, he was also the coach of Kei Nishikori. He is currently coaching Daniil Medvedev.

Kei Nishikori
Kei Nishikori (錦織 圭, Nishikori Kei; [ɲiɕi̥koꜜɾi keꜜː]; born 29 December 1989) is a Japanese professional tennis player. He is the only Japanese man in the Open Era to have been ranked in the top five in singles, reaching his career-high ranking of world No. 4 in March 2015, and the second man in history to do so after Jiro Sato. Nishikori has won twelve titles on the ATP Tour and was runner-up at the 2014 US Open, making him the only man representing an Asian country to contest a major singles final. He also became the first man from Asia to qualify for the ATP Finals, reaching the semifinals in 2014 and 2016.

In addition, Nishikori defeated Rafael Nadal to win the bronze medal in singles at the 2016 Summer Olympics, bringing Japan its first Olympic tennis medal in 96 years. He holds one of the highest percentages of deciding-set wins in the Open Era and has the third-highest win percentage in matches extending to five sets, with a record of 29–8 and a win percentage of 78.4%.
Sanibel Causeway
The Sanibel Causeway is a causeway in Southwest Florida that spans San Carlos Bay, connecting Sanibel Island with the Florida mainland in Punta Rassa. The causeway consists of three separate two-lane bridge spans, and two-man-made causeway islands between them. The entire causeway facility is owned by Lee County and operated by the Lee County Department of Transportation (DOT). The causeway is 3 miles (5 km) long with a $6 toll for island-bound vehicles only.

Portions of the causeway were destroyed by Hurricane Ian on September 28, 2022 and reopened on October 19, 2022.

Causeway
A causeway is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges.
Eduard Imhof
Eduard Imhof (25 January 1895, Schiers – 27 April 1986) was a professor of cartography at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, from 1925 to 1965. His fame, which extends far beyond the Institute of Technology, stems from his relief shading work on school maps and atlases. Between 1922 and 1973 Imhof worked on many school maps. He drew and shaded maps of Switzerland as well her various cantons and the Austrian province of Vorarlberg.

International Cartographic Association
The International Cartographic Association (ICA) (French: Association Cartographique Internationale, ACI) is an organization formed of national member organizations, to provide a forum for issues and techniques in cartography and geographic information science (GIScience). ICA was founded on June 9, 1959, in Bern, Switzerland. The first General Assembly was held in Paris in 1961. The mission of the International Cartographic Association is to promote the disciplines and professions of cartography and GIScience in an international context. To achieve these aims, the ICA works with national and international governmental and commercial bodies, and with other international scientific societies.
Brecon Beacons
The Brecon Beacons (Welsh: Bannau Brycheiniog; [ˈbanai̯ brəˈχei̯njɔɡ] ⓘ) are a mountain range in Wales. The range includes South Wales's highest mountain, Pen y Fan (886 metres (2,907 ft)), its twin summit Corn Du (873 metres (2,864 ft)), and Craig Gwaun Taf (826 metres (2,710 ft)), which are the three highest peaks in the range. The Brecon Beacons have given their name to the larger Brecon Beacons National Park, and the range itself is therefore sometimes known as the Central Beacons to differentiate the two.

Craig Gwaun Taf
Craig Gwaun Taf, also known as Duwynt, is a mountain in the Brecon Beacons with a height of 826.4 m (2,711 ft). It is within the wider Brecon Beacons National Park in Powys, Wales.

The mountain takes the form of a long ridge which runs north-west to south-east and falls away steeply to the north-east. The summit is at the north-west end of the ridge and marked by a small cairn; the ridge then turns north and drops into a very shallow col called Bwlch Duwynt before climbing to the adjacent peak of Corn Du.
Second Avenue (Manhattan)
Second Avenue is located on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan extending from Houston Street at its south end to the Harlem River Drive at 128th Street at its north end. A one-way street, vehicular traffic on Second Avenue runs southbound (downtown) only, except for a one-block segment of the avenue in Harlem. South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Chrystie Street south to Canal Street.

A bicycle lane runs in the leftmost lane of Second Avenue from 125th to Houston Streets. The section from 55th to 34th Streets closes a gap in the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway.

Second Avenue passes through a number of Manhattan neighborhoods including (from south to north) the Lower East Side, the East Village, Stuyvesant Square, Kips Bay, Tudor City, Turtle Bay, East Midtown, Lenox Hill, Yorkville and Spanish Harlem.

Stuyvesant Square
Stuyvesant Square is the name of both a park and its surrounding neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The park is located between 15th Street, 17th Street, Rutherford Place, and Nathan D. Perlman Place (formerly Livingston Place) in the Gramercy Park neighborhood. Second Avenue divides the park into two halves, east and west, and each half is surrounded by the original cast-iron fence.

The neighborhood is roughly bounded by 14th Street to the south, 18th or 19th Street to the north, First Avenue to the east, and Third Avenue to the west. It is part of Manhattan Community Board 6.
Cloud Peak Wilderness
The Cloud Peak Wilderness is located in north central Wyoming in the United States. Entirely within Bighorn National Forest, the wilderness was established in 1984 in an effort to preserve the wildest section of the Bighorn Mountains. The wilderness has the highest peaks in the Bighorn Mountains, including Cloud Peak and Black Tooth Mountain, as well as Cloud Peak Glacier, the only remaining active glacier in the Bighorn Mountains.  The Cloud Peak Wilderness is 189,039 acres (765.01 km2).

U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with a proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed, and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season.

Cloud Peak Glacier
Cloud Peak Glacier is in the Bighorn Mountains in the northcentral section of the U.S. state of Wyoming. Centered within the Cloud Peak Wilderness of Bighorn National Forest, Cloud Peak Glacier is the only active glacier in the Bighorn Mountains. The glacier is in a deep cirque immediately northeast of Cloud Peak, the highest peak in the Bighorn Mountains. Cloud Peak Glacier lies at approximately 11,800 feet (3,600 m) above sea level.

Cloud Peak Glacier is retreating rapidly and is expected to disappear entirely sometime between the years 2020 and 2034. Photographs taken in 1905 and again in 2005 demonstrated an obvious reduction in the area the glacier, and more ominously, a huge loss of thickness. Between 1905 and 2005, the glacier has been reduced in size from an estimated 506,000,000 cubic feet (14,300,000 m3)  to 78,000,000 cubic feet (2,200,000 m3).
Record Commission
The Record Commissions were a series of six royal commissions of Great Britain and (from 1801) the United Kingdom which sat between 1800 and 1837 to inquire into the custody and public accessibility of the state archives. The commissioners' work paved the way for the establishment of the Public Record Office in 1838. The commissioners were also responsible for publishing various historical records, including the Statutes of the Realm (i.e. of England and Great Britain) to 1714 and the Acts of Parliament of Scotland to 1707, as well as a number of important medieval records.

Although the six commissions were technically distinct from one another, there was a considerable degree of continuity between them, and it is common practice to regard them as a single entity and to refer to them in singular form as the Record Commission.

Joseph Hunter (antiquarian)
Joseph Hunter FSA (6 February 1783 – 9 May 1861) was a Unitarian Minister, antiquarian, and deputy keeper of public records now best known for his publications Hallamshire. The History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield in the County of York, the two-volume South Yorkshire (a history of the Deanery of Doncaster), still considered among the best works written on the history of Sheffield and South Yorkshire, and his 1852 pamphlet on Robin Hood in which he argued that a servant of this name at the court of Edward II was identical with the famous outlaw. His name was adopted by the Hunter Archaeological Society.
Mâcon
Mâcon (French pronunciation: [mɑ.kɔ̃] ⓘ), historically anglicised as Mascon, is a city in east-central France. It is the prefecture of the department of Saône-et-Loire in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Mâcon is home to near 34,000 residents, who are referred to in French as Mâconnais. The city gave its name to the nearby vineyards and wine AOC.

Alphonse de Lamartine
Alphonse Marie Louis de Prat de Lamartine (French: [alfɔ̃s maʁi lwi də pʁa d(ə) lamaʁtin]; 21 October 1790 – 28 February 1869) was a French author, poet, and statesman. Initially a moderate royalist, he became one of the leading critics of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, aligning more with the Republican Left and Social Catholicism.

Lamartine was a leading figure in the 1848 French Revolution and was instrumental in the foundation of the Second Republic along with the preservation of the tricolor as the flag of France. During the revolutionary year of 1848 he served as Foreign Minister and frequently worked to ease tensions between the government and the working class. He was a candidate in the 1848 French presidential election but lost to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. After the election, he retired from political life.
Genetically modified mouse
A genetically modified mouse, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) or transgenic mouse is a mouse (Mus musculus) that has had its genome altered through the use of genetic engineering techniques. Genetically modified mice are commonly used for research or as animal models of human diseases and are also used for research on genes. Together with patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), GEMMs are the most common in vivo models in cancer research. The two approaches are considered complementary and may be used to recapitulate different aspects of disease. GEMMs are also of great interest for drug development, as they facilitate target validation and the study of response, resistance, toxicity and pharmacodynamics.

Tetraploid complementation assay
The tetraploid complementation assay is a technique in biology in which cells of two mammalian embryos are combined to form a new embryo. It is used to construct genetically modified organisms, to study the consequences of certain mutations on embryonal development, and in the study of pluripotent stem cells. The first demonstration that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could generate viable mice through tetraploid complementation was reported in 2009, providing strong functional evidence that iPSCs can be equivalent to embryonic stem cells in developmental potential.
Balkars
Balkars (Karachay-Balkar: малкъарлыла, romanized: malqarlıla or аланла, romanized: alanla or таулула, romanized: tawlula, lit. 'mountaineers') are a Turkic ethnic group in the North Caucasus region, one of the titular populations of Kabardino-Balkaria.

Their Karachay-Balkar language is of the Ponto-Caspian subgroup of the Northwestern (Kipchak) group of Turkic languages.

Ethnic groups in the Caucasus
The Caucasus is a region located partly in Eastern Europe and partly in Western Asia, spanning Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and southern Russia. Bounded by the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, it includes the Caucasus Mountains, which serve as a natural boundary between Europe and Asia.

Tens of millions of people across more than 50 ethnic groups reside in the Caucasus. There are four language families with a historic presence in the region: Caucasian, Indo-European, and Turkic and Mongolic (i.e., Altaic).
Seac Pai Van Park
22°7′36.8″N 113°33′31.1″E﻿ / ﻿22.126889°N 113.558639°E﻿ / 22.126889; 113.558639

The Seac Pai Van Park (Chinese: 石排灣郊野公園; Portuguese: Parque de Seac Pai Van) is a park in Coloane, Macau, China. It is the largest natural green area in Macau and is administered by the Civil and Municipal Affairs Bureau.

Coloane
Coloane (Chinese: 路環; Jyutping: lou6 waan4, Portuguese: Coloane) is the southernmost area in Macau, connected to Taipa through the area known as Cotai, which is largely built from reclaimed land. Known as “Lou Wan” in Cantonese, Coloane forms the southern part of Macau. Its population consists of several settlements dotted around the parish, such as Vila de Coloane (Coloane Village), Hac Sa, Ká-Hó, and Cheoc Van. Administratively, the boundaries of the traditional civil parish (Portuguese: freguesia) of São Francisco Xavier are coterminous with that of Coloane.
Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which a government's executive, legislative, or administrative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.: 79  In a judicial review, a court may invalidate laws, acts, or governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority. For example, an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful, or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers—the power of the judiciary to supervise (judicial supervision) the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority.

The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries. The judiciary in United States has been described as having unusually strong powers of judicial review from a comparative perspective.

Primary and secondary legislation
Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of governments in representative democracies. Primary legislation generally consists of statutes, also known as "acts", that set out broad  principles and rules, but may delegate specific authority to an executive branch to make more specific laws under the aegis of the principal act. The executive branch can then issue secondary legislation (often by order-in-council in parliamentary systems, or by regulatory agencies in presidential systems), creating legally enforceable regulations and the procedures for implementing them.
Lypetske
Lypetske (Ukrainian: Липе́цьке; Romanian: Lipețchi), is a village in Podilsk Raion, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Podilsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The population is 3740 people.

Podilsk urban hromada
Podilsk urban hromada (Ukrainian: Подільська міська громада) is a hromada in Podilsk Raion of Odesa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. Population: 43,567 (2020 est.)

The hromada consists of a city of Podilsk and 3 villages: Kazbeky, Lypetske and Oleksandrivka.
Santiago Giraldo
Santiago Giraldo Salazar (Latin American Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo xiˈɾaldo salaˈsaɾ], born 27 November 1987) is a Colombian former professional tennis player. He played on the ATP tour and represented Colombia in the Davis Cup competition. His best tournament result is reaching the final in the 2014 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell. He is the highest-ranked male tennis singles player in Colombia's history, with a career-high singles ranking of 28th in the world, and 77th in doubles.

Throughout his career he has beaten several ex-number-one players such as Lleyton Hewitt, Juan Carlos Ferrero, and Andy Murray as well as some top-ten players such as Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Kei Nishikori, Marin Čilić, Milos Raonic, Dominic Thiem, Gilles Simon, Jürgen Melzer, Rainer Schüttler, Tommy Robredo, Janko Tipsarević, and Nicolás Lapentti. He has beaten golden-generation players from Argentinian tennis such as Gastón Gaudio, Guillermo Cañas, Mariano Puerta, Juan Martín del Potro, and David Nalbandian.

Gilles Simon
Gilles Simon (French pronunciation: [ʒil si.mɔ̃]; born 27 December 1984) is a French former tennis player. He turned professional in 2002 and won fourteen singles titles on the ATP Tour, and attained a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 6, on 5 January 2009.
Fusafungine
Fusafungine (INN), also known as fusafungin, is an active agent used in antibiotics for treatment of nasal and throat infection. It also possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Fusafungine is a mixture of enniatin cyclohexadepsipeptides made up of alternating D-α-hydroxyvaleric acid and L-N-methylamino acid residues, produced by the ascomycete Fusarium lateritium, and marketed by Servier under the trade names Locabiotal, Bioparox, and Locabiosol.

According to a pooled analysis study done in the UK for the efficacy of fusafungine in rhinopharingitis, it was found that the proportion of patients who showed an improvement in symptoms from Day 0 to Day 4 of infection was 61.5% with fusafungine vs. 46.8% when compared to a placebo.

In February 2016, the European Medicines Agency recommended the withdrawal of fusafungine from the market due to rare but severe allergic reactions (mainly bronchospasms).

Enniatin
Enniatins are a class of organic chemical compounds found in Fusarium fungi.  They appear in nature as mixtures of cyclic depsipeptides.  The main variants are enniatin A, A1, B and B1 together with minor amounts of enniatin C, D, E and F.

The enniatins act as ionophores that bind ammonium, and they have been proposed as replacements for nonactin in specific ammonium-based electrodes.

Enniatins have been also mentioned as potential anti-AIDS drugs.
Yin Jiao (deity)
Yin Jiao (Chinese: 殷郊 or Chinese: 殷交) is a Taoist deity of the star Taisui or of Jupiter, also named Taisui Xingjun (simplified Chinese: 太岁星君; traditional Chinese: 太歳星君), Taisaishin (Japanese: 太歳神), Yin Yuanshuai and Yin Tianjun. In Investiture of the Gods, he is the first son of the cruel Di Xin and the crown prince of the dynasty. Although Di Xin is a historical figure, Yin Jiao and Yin Hong are fictional characters. After being defeated by forces of Jiang Ziya, he is later enshrined by him as the god of Tai Sui. In a Ming dynasty work The Complete Work In Search of the Origins of the Deities of the Three Schools, however, he sides with King Wu and kills the killer of his mother, Daji.

As Yin Jiao, he is often pictured as a six-armed and three-headed man with many skulls on his neck and a golden bell in his hand, Bell of Fallen Souls, whose sound makes the enemies' souls fall off.

Di Xin
Di Xin of Shang (商帝辛; Shāng Dì Xīn) or Shou, King of Shang (商王受; Shāng Wáng Shòu), was the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China. He is also known by a pejorative title, King Zhòu of Shang ([ʈ͡ʂoʊ]; Chinese: 商紂王; pinyin: Zhòu Wáng) in Zhou dynasty texts and beyond. He is contemporaneously recorded in bronze relics, where his posthumous name, Di Xin, is used.

In later times, the story of “King Zhòu” became a cautionary tale on what could befall a kingdom if its ruler gave into corruption and moral depravity. However, owing to the small number of artifacts found from his rule, his actual life and deeds are not well understood beyond posthumous accounts.