hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1917 Camp Custer football team
The 1917 Camp Custer football team was an American football team made up of United States Army officers from the 85th Infantry Division stationed at Camp Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan. The Camp Custer officers played games against professional football teams (the Fort Wayne Friars and Detroit Heralds) as well as other service teams.

Harry Costello, who won All-Southern honors while playing for Georgetown, was the team's quarterback. The team's backfield also included former Michigan Agricultural College stars Blake Miller and Neno DaPrato. William Jennings Gardner was the captain.

Fielding H. Yost of Michigan coached the Camp Custer team in the week leading up to the game with Camp Grant. Amos Alonzo Stagg and Fred J. Murphy coached the Camp Custer team. Ring Lardner attended the Camp Grant game and wrote a column describing the spectacle.

Detroit (1920s NFL teams)
Detroit had four early teams in the National Football League before the Detroit Lions. The Heralds played in 1920, and had played as an independent as far back as 1905. The Tigers, a continuation of the Heralds, played in 1921, folding midseason and sending their players to the Buffalo All-Americans. The Panthers competed from 1925 to 1926 and the Wolverines in 1928.
Pinna (bivalve)
Pinna is a genus of bivalve molluscs belonging to the family Pinnidae. The type species of the genus is Pinna rudis.

These bivalves are sessile suspension feeders that live in shallow water, fixed to the substrate with a large, silky byssus. There are 32 different species in the genus Pinna, accounting for around 40% of the diversity in the family Pinnidae, and members of the genus are present almost globally. The most extensively studied species in the genus is the critically endangered P. nobilis, a Mediterranean pen shell which was historically important as the principal source of sea silk. Members of Pinna are also valued as sources of food, pearls and for the aesthetic value of their shells.

Nacre
Nacre (/ˈneɪkər/ NAY-kər, also /ˈnækrə/ NAK-rə), also known as mother-of-pearl, is an organic–inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer. It is also the material of which pearls are composed. It is strong, resilient, and iridescent.

Nacre is found in some of the most ancient lineages of bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. However, the inner layer in the great majority of mollusc shells is porcellaneous, not nacreous, and this usually results in a non-iridescent shine, or more rarely in non-nacreous iridescence such as flame structure as is found in conch pearls.

The outer layer of cultured pearls and the inside layer of pearl oyster and freshwater pearl mussel shells are made of nacre. Other mollusc families that have a nacreous inner shell layer include marine gastropods such as the Haliotidae, the Trochidae and the Turbinidae.
County Fermanagh
County Fermanagh (/fərˈmænə/, fər-MAN-ə; from Irish Fir Manach / Fear Manach, meaning 'men of Manach') is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the traditional thirty-two counties of Ireland.

The county covers an area of 1,691 km2 (653 sq mi) and had a population of 63,585 as of 2021. Enniskillen is the county town and largest in both size and population.

Fermanagh is one of four counties of Northern Ireland to have a majority of its population from a Catholic background, according to the 2011 census.

Fermanagh District Council
Fermanagh District Council  was a local council in Northern Ireland. It was created out of Fermanagh County Council and later merged with Omagh District Council in April 2015 under local government reorganisation to become Fermanagh and Omagh District Council.

The borders of the district were very similar to those of the traditional County Fermanagh, containing all of that county plus a small section of County Tyrone in the Dromore Road (Irvinestown ward) and Kilskeery Road areas. Council headquarters were in Enniskillen.
Altiplano de Sierra Nevada
Altiplano de Sierra Nevada (previously called Norte de Granada) is a Spanish geographical indication for Vino de la Tierra wines located in the autonomous region of Andalusia. Vino de la Tierra is one step below the mainstream Denominación de Origen indication on the Spanish wine quality ladder.

The area covered by this geographical indication comprises certain municipalities in the north of the province of Granada (Andalusia, Spain).

It acquired its Vino de la Tierra status in 2005.

Vino de la tierra
Vino de la tierra is a quality of Spanish wine that designates the rung below the mainstream quality wine classification of denominación de origen protegida (DOP). It is the equivalent of the French vin de pays. It represents a higher quality than table wine, and covers still wine, sparkling wine, and fortified wine. Since 2016 the classification is called indicación geográfica protegida (IGP), but wines can still use the traditional name of vino de la tierra. The labels of vino de la tierra wines are allowed to state the year of vintage and the grape varieties used in production.

In 2019 there were 42 registered vino de la tierra wines in Spain.
Hernández de Córdoba expedition
The Hernández de Córdoba expedition was a 1517 Spanish maritime expedition to the Yucatán Peninsula led by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba. The expedition ended in disaster after battling the Mayan city-state of Chakán Putum, resulting in half the Spaniards being killed, and the other half being wounded. The expedition nonetheless brought back exciting news of vast lands inhabited by a rich and civilized people, namely, the Maya civilization. The expedition is popularly credited as the first non-Amerindian contact with the Maya, and first non-Amerindian discovery of the Peninsula, though both these achievements are disputed in scholarly literature. It is deemed the opening campaign of the Spanish conquest of the Maya, and one of the precursor expeditions which led to the Spanish invasion of the Aztec Empire.

Juan de Grijalva
Juan de Grijalva (Spanish: [xwan de ɣɾiˈxalβa]; c. 1490 – 21 January 1527) was a Spanish conquistador, and a relative of Diego Velázquez.: 27  He went to Hispaniola in 1508 and to Cuba in 1511. He was one of the early explorers of the Mexican coastline, and was killed by natives in Honduras on 21 January 1527.
Frassilongo
Frassilongo (Mocheno: Garait) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) east of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 354 and an area of 16.7 square kilometres (6.4 mi2).

Frassilongo borders the following municipalities: Sant'Orsola Terme, Fierozzo, Roncegno, Vignola-Falesina, Pergine Valsugana, Novaledo and Levico Terme.

In the census of 2001, 340 inhabitants out of 357 (95.2%) declared themselves members of the Mócheno linguistic group.

Novaledo
Novaledo is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located in the Bassa Valsugana valley (Lower part of the Valsugana valley) about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southeast of Trento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 882 and an area of 8.0 square kilometres (3.1 mi2).

Novaledo borders the following municipalities: Frassilongo, Roncegno, Borgo Valsugana, Pergine Valsugana and Levico Terme.
Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant with xylem and phloem that reproduces by means of spores. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. They are also the ancestors of the plants we see today.

Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. However, they do not form a monophyletic group because ferns (and horsetails) are more closely related to seed plants than to lycophytes. "Pteridophyta" is thus no longer a widely accepted taxon, but the term pteridophyte remains in common parlance, as do pteridology and pteridologist as a science and its practitioner, for example by the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.

Polypodiales
The order Polypodiales encompasses the major lineages of polypod ferns, which account for more than 80% of today's fern species. They are found in many parts of the world including tropical, semitropical and temperate areas.
Mechanicsburg Gap
Mechanicsburg Gap (also known as Mill Creek Gap) is a water gap through Mill Creek Mountain in Hampshire County in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

Mechanicsburg Gap allows for the passage of the Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. Route 50/West Virginia Route 28) and Mill Creek through Mill Creek Mountain. It takes its name from the community of Mechanicsburg at the gap's western entrance.

Today, Mechanicsburg Gap has a number of interesting features within it. Near The Burg (an 18th-century home) lies the Romney Spring which flows from a PVC pipe at the foot of the gap which is visited daily by its patrons along the side of U.S. Route 50. Mechanicsburg Gap is also home to the now closed limestone rock quarry which has cut a massive hole into the gap's northern wall. Adjacent to the quarry is the former Evelyn's Restaurant, which was long a popular steakhouse and truck stop. The site is now home to Good 'n Gooder, a store with a variety of used items.

Hampshire County, West Virginia
Hampshire County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,093. Its county seat is Romney, West Virginia's oldest town (1762). The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1754, from parts of Frederick and Augusta Counties (Virginia) and is the state's oldest county. The county lies in West Virginia's Potomac Highlands region.

Hampshire County is part of the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Champion Stakes
The Champion Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in Great Britain open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 1 mile 1 furlong and 212 yards (2,004 metres), and it is scheduled to take place as part of British Champions Day each year in October.

British Champions Day
British Champions Day is a thoroughbred horse race meeting held at Ascot Racecourse in October each year since 2011, which acts as the end of season highlight fixture of British flat racing.  Until 2024 it was the culmination of the British Champions Series and featured the finals of the five divisions of the series, together with a valuable one-mile handicap race. It is the richest day in British racing, with more than £4 million in prize money across the six races in 2016.
Miroljub Todorović
Miroljub Todorović (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирољуб Тодоровић; born 5 March 1940) is a Serbian poet and artist. He is the founder and theoretician of Signalism, an international avant-garde literary and artistic movement. He is also editor-in-chief of the International review "Signal".

Signal, International Review of Signalist Research
Magazine Signal with the subtitle "International Review of Signalist Research" was the periodical of Signalism, international avant-garde creative movement. The magazine was founded in 1970 in Belgrade. Founder and editor-in-chief was Miroljub Todorović.

The movement was significantly boosted by the magazine, publishing multilingual works of neo avant-garde poets, fiction writers, essayists and visual artists from Europe, North and South America, Japan and Australia.

Nine issues of Signal appeared between 1970 and 1973, presenting a number of domestic and international artists, as well as printing bibliographical data about the avant-garde publications all around the world. From 1973 until 1995 magazine could not be published, mainly for financial reasons.

From 1995 to 2004 another 21 issues of Signal appeared. The new release of Signal revitalized the Signalist movement and brought numerous young artists into the movement in 21st century.
Amago Yoshihisa
Amago Yoshihisa (尼子 義久; 1540 – October 14, 1610) was a daimyō (lord) of Izumo Province.

He was the eldest son of Haruhisa and he was given the childhood name of Saburōshirō (三郎四郎). After his father's sudden death in 1560, he became the head of the clan to continue the fight against the Mōri clan. While besieged in Gassantoda Castle, Yoshihisa had a retainer, Uyama Hisakane executed after fearing betrayal. This caused most of his remaining troops to desert and on 1566, he surrendered to Mōri Motonari. Yoshihisa was permitted to become a monk and was held captive at Enmeiji. As a monk, Yoshihisa changed his name to Yurin (友林).  After Mōri Terumoto became the head of Mōri clan, he became a retainer under Terumoto.

Mōri Motonari
Mōri Motonari (毛利 元就; April 16, 1497 – July 6, 1571) was a prominent daimyō (feudal lord) in the western Chūgoku region of Japan during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. The Mōri clan claimed descent from Ōe no Hiromoto (大江広元), an adviser to Minamoto no Yoritomo. Motonari was called the "Beggar Prince". He was known as a great strategist who began as a small local warlord (jizamurai) of Aki Province and extended his clan's power to nearly all of the Chūgoku region through war, marriage, adoption and assassination.

Sandwiched between the powerful Amago and Ōuchi clans, Motonari led his clan by carefully balancing actions and diplomacy. Eventually, Motonari succeeded in defeating both and controlled the entire Chūgoku region. In his later years, he crushed the Ōtomo clan of Bungo Province in Kyūshū. Motonari ruled from Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle, the clan's main bastion since the early 14th century. His descendants became lords of the Chōshū Domain.
Bristol Ten-seater
The Bristol Ten-seater and Bristol Brandon were British single-engine biplane transport aircraft built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company in the early 1920s. Only three were built, two of which were used as civil transports and one of which (the Bristol Brandon) served with the Royal Air Force.

Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter is a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine that was built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under licence.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced. The "Orion" name was later re-used by Bristol for an unrelated turboprop engine.

The Bristol Jupiter was licensed by the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-22.
Racine Belles (1909–1915)
The Racine Belles were a minor league baseball team based in Racine, Wisconsin that played between 1909 and 1914 in the Wisconsin-Illinois League and in 1915 in the Bi-State League. The Racine Wisconsin-Illinois League teams alternated between being known as the "Belles" and the "Malted Milks."

Wisconsin State League
The Wisconsin State League was a class D level baseball league that began in 1905, changing its name to the Wisconsin–Illinois League in 1908 and operating through 1914. The league re–organized under that name in 1926. Another Wisconsin State League began in 1940, shut down during World War II from 1943 through 1945, then operated from 1946 through 1953.

The Class D Wisconsin–Illinois League began play in 1940 with six charter franchises: Appleton Papermakers, Fond du Lac Panthers, Green Bay Bluejays, La Crosse Blackhawks, Sheboygan Indians and Wisconsin Rapids White Sox. In 1942 the league expanded to eight teams, adding the Janesville Cubs and Oshkosh Giants. After play resumed in 1946, La Crosse moved to become the Wausau Lumberjacks and the league operated with those franchises until its demise following the 1953 season.
Stationary bicycle
A stationary bicycle (also known as exercise bicycle, exercise bike, spinning bike, spin bike, or exercycle) is a device used as exercise equipment for indoor cycling. It includes a saddle, pedals, and some form of handlebars arranged as on a (stationary) bicycle.

Resembling a bicycle without wheels, a stationary bicycle is usually a special-purpose exercise machine that may be adapted for stationary exercise from an ordinary bicycle by placing it on bicycle rollers or a trainer. Rollers and trainers are often used by racing cyclists to warm up before racing, or to train indoors on their own machines.

Exercise machine
An exercise machine is any machine used for physical exercise. These range from simple spring-like devices to computerized electromechanical devices to recirculating-stream swimming pools. Most exercise machines incorporate an ergometer. An ergometer is an apparatus for measuring the work a person exerts while exercising as used in training or cardiac stress tests or other medical tests.
Algebraic graph theory
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatorial, or algorithmic approaches.  There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants.

Adjacency matrix
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency matrix is a square matrix used to represent a finite graph. The elements of the matrix indicate whether pairs of vertices are adjacent or not within the graph.

In the special case of a finite simple graph, the adjacency matrix is a (0,1)-matrix with zeros on its diagonal. If the graph is undirected (i.e. all of its edges are bidirectional), the adjacency matrix is symmetric. 
The relationship between a graph and the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of its adjacency matrix is studied in spectral graph theory.

The adjacency matrix of a graph should be distinguished from its incidence matrix, a different matrix representation whose elements indicate whether vertex–edge pairs are incident or not, and its degree matrix, which contains information about the degree of each vertex.
German wine auctions
A number of German wine auctions are held each year, where the premier German wine producers auction off some of the best young wines, as well as some older wines. Most auctions are arranged by the regional associations of Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP). These auctions differ from wine auctions on the second-hand market held by auction houses, where collectible wines are sold by private or corporate owners, since it is "first hand" wines that are sold.

Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter
Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter e.V. or the Association of German Prädikat Wine Estates, is an association of more than 200 wineries in Germany that promotes binding quality standards and – since 1990 – also ecological management of its members' wineries. Many of Germany's top wine producers are members. It is commonly known by its abbreviation VDP.
Palais Mollard-Clary
Palais Mollard-Clary is a Baroque palace in Vienna, Austria. It is located in the first district Innere Stadt, at Herrengasse 9.

It was built from 1686 to 1689 for Imperial Count Franz Maximilian von Mollard (1621-1690). In 1760, it was bought by Count Franz Wenzel von Clary und Aldringen. Emperor Joseph II held his famous "round tables" here. Since 2005 it has been used by the Austrian National Library and houses the Globe Museum, the Department of Music and the Department of Planned Languages and Esperanto Museum.

Globe Museum
The Globe Museum (German: Globenmuseum) is a museum in the Palais Mollard, Vienna, Austria, part of the Austrian National Library. It was opened in 1956, and is the only public museum in the world devoted to globes, being three-dimensional models of Earth or other celestial bodies, or spherical representations of the celestial sphere.
Planet Jedward (European version)
The European version of Planet Jedward is a compilation album by Irish pop duo Jedward. The album was released on 15 July 2011 and is a compilation of tracks from the duo's first two albums, Planet Jedward and Victory.

Victory (Jedward album)
Victory is the second studio album by Irish pop duo Jedward. The album was released on 5 August 2011 in Ireland and on 15 August 2011 in the United Kingdom.  It was the 18th best selling album in Ireland in the year 2011. It was also certified double platinum in Ireland that year, thus becoming the duo's second consecutive album to receive that certification in their home country.
Shaddadids
The Shaddadids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni royal family of Armenia.

They began ruling in the city of Dvin, and eventually ruled other major cities, such as Barda and Ganja. A cadet line of the Shaddadids were given the cities of Ani and Tbilisi as a reward for their service to the Seljuqs, to whom they became vassals. From 1047 to 1057, the Shaddadids were engaged in several wars against the Byzantine army. The area between the rivers Kura and Aras was ruled by a Shaddadid dynasty.

Shamkir (city)
40°49′47″N 46°01′08″E﻿ / ﻿40.82972°N 46.01889°E﻿ / 40.82972; 46.01889

Shamkir (Azerbaijani: Şəmkir), known historically as Annenfeld, is a city in and the capital of Shamkir District in western Azerbaijan, located in the northern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the coast of the Chagirchay River on Tbilisi-Yevlakh highway, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) from Dallar railway station. It is the eighth most populous city in Azerbaijan.
Kemerovo constituency
The Kemerovo constituency (No.101) is a Russian legislative constituency in Kemerovo Oblast. The constituency covers northern half of Kemerovo and all of northern Kemerovo Oblast.

The constituency has been represented since 2021 by United Russia deputy Anton Gorelkin, two-term State Duma member and former regional administration official, who won the open seat, succeeding two-term United Russia incumbent Tatyana Alekseyeva.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Welwitschia Mirabilis Airport
Welwitschia Mirabilis International Airport (Portuguese: Aeroporto Internacional Welwitschia Mirabilis) (IATA: MSZ, ICAO: FNMO) is an airport serving the Atlantic port city of Moçâmedes, the capital of Namibe Province in Angola. The runway is 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) south of the city.

Moçâmedes
Moçâmedes is a city in southwestern Angola, and the capital of Namibe Province. The city's current population is 345,987 (2024 census). Founded in 1840 by the Portuguese colonial administration, the city was named Namibe between 1985 and 2016. Moçâmedes has a cool dry climate and desert vegetation, because it is near the Namib Desert.
Guéyo Department
Guéyo Department is a department of Nawa Region in Bas-Sassandra District, Ivory Coast. In 2021, its population was 102,213 and its seat is the settlement of Guéyo. The sub-prefectures of the department are Dabouyo and Guéyo.

Guéyo
Guéyo is a town in south-western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Guéyo Department in Nawa Region, Bas-Sassandra District. Guéyo is also a commune.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Guéyo was 39,213.