hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Highlands, New York
Highlands is a town on the eastern border of Orange County, New York. The population was 12,939 at the 2020 census. West Point, including the United States Military Academy, is located alongside the Hudson River in Highlands.

Orange County, New York
Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 401,310. The county seat is Goshen. This county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state.

Orange County is part of the Kiryas Joel-Poughkeepsie-Newburgh metropolitan statistical area, which belongs to the larger New York–Newark–Bridgeport, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2020 census the center of population of the state of New York was located in Orange County, in the hamlet of Cuddebackville.
Ulvik (village)
Ulvik is a village in Ulvik Municipality which is located in Vestland county, Norway. The village sits at the end of the Ulvikafjorden, a side arm off of the main Hardangerfjord. The village lies about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of the Hardanger Bridge and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the village of Vossavangen.

The 0.61-square-kilometre (150-acre) village has a population (2025) of 542 and a population density of 889 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,300/sq mi).

The centre of the village is called "Brakanes" and it is located at the mouth of the river Tysso. This is the downtown part of the village and it includes most of the commercial areas including a cinema as well as Ulvik Church, the only church in the municipality. Brakanes School is a primary and lower secondary school (and the only school in Ulvik). The school has about 150 students that attend there.

Ulvik Church
Ulvik Church (Norwegian: Ulvik kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Ulvik Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Ulvik. It is the church for the Ulvik parish which is part of the Hardanger og Voss prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform design in 1859 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Linstow. The church seats about 500 people.
Queen Street, Melbourne
Queen Street is a street in the Melbourne central business district, Victoria, Australia. The street forms part of the original Hoddle Grid and was laid out in 1837. It runs roughly north-south and is primarily a commercial and financial thoroughfare of the central business district.

Queen Street is named for Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.

Hoddle Grid
The Hoddle Grid is the contemporary name given to the approximately 1.61-by-0.80-kilometre (1.00 mi × 0.50 mi)  grid of streets that form the Melbourne central business district, Australia. Bounded by Flinders Street, Spring Street, La Trobe Street, and Spencer Street, it lies at an angle to the rest of the Melbourne suburban grid, and so is easily recognisable. It is named after the surveyor Robert Hoddle, who marked it out in 1837 (to Lonsdale Street, extended to La Trobe Street the next year), based on the city grid established in the first survey of Melbourne conducted by Robert Russell (architect) in 1836, establishing the first formal town plan. This grid of streets, laid out when there were only a few hundred settlers, became the nucleus for what is now Melbourne, a city of over five million people.
USS N-4
USS N-4 (SS-56), also known as "Submarine No. 56", was an N-class coastal submarine of the United States Navy commissioned during World War I. She spent the war patrolling off the coast of New England, and was decommissioned after less than four years in service.

Lake Torpedo Boat
41°10′04″N 73°09′57″W﻿ / ﻿41.167755°N 73.165817°W﻿ / 41.167755; -73.165817

The Lake Torpedo Boat Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, was an early builder of submarines for the United States Navy in the early 20th century.
Irtysh
The Irtysh (/ɜːrˈtɪʃ, ˈɪərtɪʃ/) is a river in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan. It is the chief tributary of the Ob and is also the longest tributary in the world.

The river's source lies in the Mongolian Altai in Dzungaria (the northern part of Xinjiang, China) close to the border with Mongolia.

The Irtysh's main tributaries include the Tobol, Demyanka and the Ishim. The Ob-Irtysh system forms a major drainage basin in Asia, encompassing most of Western Siberia and the Altai Mountains.

West Siberian Plain
The West Siberian Plain (Russian: Западно-Сибирская равнина, romanized: Zapadno-Sibirskaya ravnina) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and the Altai Mountains on the southeast. Much of the plain is poorly drained and consists of some of the world's largest swamps and floodplains. Important cities include Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Tomsk, as well as Surgut and Nizhnevartovsk.

Winters on the West Siberian Plain are harsh and long. The climate of most of the plain areas is either subarctic or continental. The plain had large petroleum and natural gas reserves. Most of Russia's oil and gas production was extracted from this area during the 1970s and 80s.
Moreton, Merseyside
Moreton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. Located on the north coast of the Wirral Peninsula, it is approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) to the west of Wallasey. Historically part of Cheshire and now within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, the town was divided in 2004 between the local government wards of Leasowe & Moreton East and Moreton West & Saughall Massie. Moreton is also part of the parliamentary constituency of Wallasey. In the 2001 census, it had a population of 17,670.

Bidston
Bidston is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England.

Administratively, it is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Before local government reorganisation on 1 April 1974, it was part of the County Borough of Birkenhead, within the geographical county of Cheshire. At the 2001 Census, the population of Bidston was 10,446, consisting of 4,725 males and 5,721 females. By the time of the 2011 Census the electoral ward was called Bidston and St. James (St James is part of Bidston and not a separate locality). This ward includes Beechwood to the south of Bidston and extends into much of Birkenhead to the east, including all of the south side of the Great Float. The total population of this ward at this Census was 15,216 of which 7,117 were males and 8,099 were female.
Antiphon (orator)
Antiphon of Rhamnus (/ˈæntɪfɒn, -ən/; Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφῶν ὁ Ῥαμνούσιος; 480–411 BC) was the earliest of the ten Attic orators, and an important figure in fifth-century Athenian political and intellectual life.

There were many people named Antiphon in ancient Greece, and scholars have confused them all due to a lack of resources.There is longstanding uncertainty and scholarly controversy over whether the Sophistic works of Antiphon and a treatise on the Interpretation of Dreams were also written by Antiphon the Orator, or whether they were written by a separate man known as Antiphon the Sophist. This article only discusses Antiphon the Orator's biography and oratorical works.

Attic orators
The ten Attic orators were considered the greatest Greek orators and logographers of the classical era (5th–4th century BC). They are included in the "Canon of Ten", which probably originated in Alexandria. A.E. Douglas has argued, however, that it was not until the second century AD that the canon took on the form that is recognised today.
De Havilland Australia
de Havilland Aircraft Pty Ltd (DHA) was an Australian subsidiary of the British aircraft manufacturer de Havilland, founded in 1927. It acquired the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation in 1985 and was purchased by Boeing in 2000 and merged with the Boeing owned AeroSpace Technologies of Australia (formerly Government Aircraft Factories) to become Hawker de Havilland Aerospace Pty Ltd. In 2009, the name was changed to Boeing Aerostructures Australia and is a subsidiary of Boeing Australia.

De Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover
The de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover is a small transport aircraft that was built by de Havilland Australia (DHA) in the 1940s and 1950s. The aircraft had some similarities with the two-engine British-built de Havilland Dove but used a trimotor configuration.
Newport Pagnell railway station
Newport Pagnell railway station was a railway station that served  Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, on the Wolverton–Newport Pagnell line. Opened in 1867 the station consisted of a brick built station building, and extensive goods facilities.

The last passenger train ran on 5 September 1964 and the last goods train on 22 May 1967. The station site is now under Sheppard's Close, a modern residential development. The trackbed is now a rail trail, part of the Milton Keynes redway system. There is a commemorative column on the site of the final signal post just short of the station site.

Newport Pagnell
Newport Pagnell is a town and civil parish in the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The Office for National Statistics records Newport Pagnell as part of the Milton Keynes urban area.

The town is separated from the rest of the urban area by the M1 motorway, on which Newport Pagnell Services, the second service station to be opened in the United Kingdom, is located.

The town is more widely known for having the only remaining vellum manufacturer in the United Kingdom, and being the original home of the exclusive sports car manufacturer Aston Martin.
Fleur-de-Lys, Malta
Fleur-de-Lys is a suburb that forms part of Birkirkara, and is also considered a suburb of Santa Venera and Qormi. It lies approximately 5 kilometers from Malta's capital, Valletta. The population of Fleur-de-Lys is about 2,200 people and the area is very small.

Birkirkara
Birkirkara (abbreviated as B'Kara or BKR) is a city in the Eastern Region of Malta. It is the second most populous on the island, with 24,356 inhabitants as of 2020. The town consists of five autonomous parishes: Saint Helen, Saint Joseph the Worker, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Saint Mary and San Gorg Preca. The city's motto is In hoc signo vinces, and its coat of arms is a plain red cross, surmounted by a crown.
Spent nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor (usually at a nuclear power plant). It is no longer useful in sustaining a nuclear reaction in an ordinary thermal reactor and, depending on its point along the nuclear fuel cycle, it will have different isotopic constituents than when it started.

Nuclear fuel rods become progressively more radioactive (and less thermally useful) due to neutron activation as they are fissioned, or "burnt", in the reactor. A fresh rod of low-enriched uranium pellets (which can be safely handled with gloved hands) will become a highly lethal gamma emitter after 1–2 years of core irradiation, unsafe to approach unless under many feet of water shielding. This makes their invariable accumulation and safe temporary storage in spent fuel pools a prime source of high-level radioactive waste and a major ongoing issue for future permanent disposal.

Strontium-90
Strontium-90 (90Sr) is a radioactive isotope of strontium produced by nuclear fission, with a half-life of 28.91 years. It undergoes β− decay into 90Y with a decay energy of 0.546 MeV. 90Sr has applications in medicine and industry and is an isotope of concern in fallout from nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons testing, and nuclear accidents.
Haverfordwest
Haverfordwest (/ˌhævərfərdˈwɛst/ HAV-ər-fərd-WEST, locally /ˈhɑːrfərdwɛst/ HAR-fərd-west; Welsh: Hwlffordd [ˈhʊlfɔrð]) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011. It is also a community consisting of 12,042 people, making it the second most populous community in the county after Milford Haven. The suburbs include the former parish of Prendergast, Albert Town and the residential and industrial areas of Withybush (housing, retail parks, hospital, airport and showground).

Haverfordwest has a strategic location: it was the lowest bridging point of the Western Cleddau before the Cleddau Bridge opened in 1975.

St Davids
St Davids or St David's (Welsh: Tyddewi, [tiː ˈðɛwi], lit. "David's house”) is a cathedral city in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It lies on the River Alun and is part of the community of St Davids and the Cathedral Close. It is the resting place of Saint David, Wales's patron saint, and named after him.

St Davids is the United Kingdom's smallest city by population (number of residents within the wider community was 1,751 in 2021) and urban area, but it is not the smallest city by local authority boundary area (which is the City of London). St Davids was given city status in the 12th century. This does not derive automatically, but in England and Wales was traditionally given to cathedral towns under practices laid down in the early 1540s, when Henry VIII founded dioceses. City status was lost in 1886, but restored in 1994 at the request of Queen Elizabeth II.
Nzorbang
Nzorbang is a small town in Moyen-Ogooué Province, in northwestern Gabon. It lies across the  Ogooue River about 8 kilometres north of Lambaréné, just south of Adané.

The  N1 road runs in the area. Nzorbang is biologically rich lying on the river and has been subject to several biological studies. In 1906 a study revealed  Chromidotillapia in the area. Teleostei and Microsynodontis have also been observed in the river.

Adané
Adané is a small town in the Ogooué et des Lacs Department, Moyen-Ogooué Province, in northwestern Gabon. It lies near the  Ogooue River about 20 kilometres north of Lambaréné, and about 12 kilometres north of Nzorbang.

The  N1 road connects the town to Lambaréné across the Mbiné river.
CFB Suffield
Canadian Forces Base Suffield (also CFB Suffield) (IATA: YSD, ICAO: CYSD) is the largest army training area in Canada. The CFB is in southeastern Alberta, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north-northwest of Suffield, 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Medicine Hat and 250 km (160 mi) southeast of Calgary. It is accessible via Highway 884, a public road that bisects the main hub section of the base.

The base has its own radio station, CKBF-FM, which airs programming for both the Canadian and British military personnel stationed at the base. The Crown village of Ralston is on base lands.

DRDC Suffield
50°16′16.83″N 111°10′23.39″W﻿ / ﻿50.2713417°N 111.1731639°W﻿ / 50.2713417; -111.1731639
DRDC Suffield is a major Canadian military research facility located 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Suffield, Alberta, and is one of eight centres making up Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC).
Ken Block
Kenneth Paul Block (November 21, 1967 – January 2, 2023) was an American professional rally driver with the Hoonigan Racing Division, formerly known as the Monster World Rally Team. Block was also one of the co-founders of DC Shoes. He also competed in many action sports events, including skateboarding, snowboarding, and motocross.

After selling his ownership of DC Shoes, Block shifted his business focus to Hoonigan Industries, an apparel brand for auto enthusiasts. He was the co-owner and "Head Hoonigan In Charge" (HHIC) at the company before his death in a snowmobile accident in January 2023.

His daughters Lia Block, Kira Block, and his son Mika Block are all also racing drivers.

Ford Fiesta
The Ford Fiesta is a supermini car that was marketed by Ford from 1976 to 2023 over seven generations. Over the years, the Fiesta has mainly been developed and manufactured by Ford's European operations, and had been positioned below the Escort (later the Focus).

Ford sold over 15 million Fiestas from 1976 to July 2011, making it one of the best-selling Ford nameplates behind the Escort and the F-Series. It has been manufactured in the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico, Taiwan, China, India, Thailand, and South Africa.

The Fiesta was discontinued in 2023, after over 22 million units had been made. The final Ford Fiesta rolled off the production line on 7 July 2023. On 10th December 2025, Ford announced a return of the Fiesta in 2028 as an EV in partnership with Renault.
Fundamental group
In the mathematical  field of algebraic topology, the fundamental group of a topological space is the group of the equivalence classes under homotopy of the loops contained in the space. It records information about the basic shape, or holes, of the topological space. The fundamental group is the first and simplest homotopy group. The fundamental group is a homotopy invariant—topological spaces that are homotopy equivalent (or the stronger case of homeomorphic) have isomorphic fundamental groups. The fundamental group of a topological space  is denoted by .

Free group
In mathematics, the free group  over a given set  consists of all words that can be built from members of , considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g.  but  for ). The members of  are called generators of , and the number of generators is the rank of the free group.
An arbitrary group  is called free if it is isomorphic to  for some subset  of , that is, if there is a subset  of  such that every element of  can be written in exactly one way as a product of finitely many elements of  and their inverses (disregarding trivial variations such as ).

A related but different notion is a free abelian group; both notions are particular instances of a free object from universal algebra. As such, free groups are defined by their universal property.
Queenstown cryptosporidiosis outbreak
In September 2023, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic illness, started in Queenstown, New Zealand. It was Queenstown's first gastroenteritis outbreak in 40 years. Queenstown issued a water boil notice on 18 September, which ended on 8 December. The most probable cause of the outbreak was human faecal matter. During the outbreak, district mayor Glyn Lewers was concerned with how it would impact the town's reputation. Most cases were between the ages of 15 and 39, but there was a case under the age of 10. As of 29 September 2023, three people had been hospitalised, all of whom had been discharged.

Queenstown, New Zealand
Queenstown (Māori: Tāhuna) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand's South Island. It is the seat and largest town in the Queenstown-Lakes District.

The town is on the northwestern edge of Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, S-shaped lake formed by glacial processes, and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables, Cecil Peak, Walter Peak and, just above the town, Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill. Queenstown is known for its tourism businesses, especially adventure and ski tourism.
Thomas Dick (politician)
Thomas Dick (13 August 1823 – 5 February 1900) was a 19th-century New Zealand politician. Originally a merchant, he worked in London and then represented his firm on Saint Helena for seven years. From there, he was sent to Dunedin as the company's representative; he emigrated with an extended family. He soon became involved in politics and was Superintendent of Otago Province from 1865 until 1867. Over a period of 24 years, he represented various Dunedin electorates in Parliament and was Colonial Secretary (1880–1884), Minister of Justice from 1881 to 1882, and Minister of Education from 1881 to 1884. A deeply religious man, he was involved in many church affairs. He was one of the founders of Hanover Street Baptist Church; the building is now classified as Category I by Heritage New Zealand.

1866 Port Chalmers by-election
The 1866 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 15 December 1866 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of Port Chalmers.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Dick.

Dick had spoken in favour of separation of the two islands, as he could not prevent "our money being spent on absurd and unnecessary Maori difficulties" in the North Island.

He was renominated. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed.
Delphinium gypsophilum
Delphinium gypsophilum is a species of larkspur known by the common name gypsum-loving larkspur or Panoche Creek larkspur (frequently misspelled as Pinoche Creek larkspur). It is endemic to California, where it grows in low mountains in the central part of the state. This wildflower generally reaches between one half and one meter in height. Its pale whitish-green stem is topped with cylindrical inflorescences of up to 30 flowers on short pedicels. The flowers are pale blue or chalk-white; occasional individuals bear pink or light blue flowers. The spur is one to one and a half centimeters long.

Delphinium
Delphinium is a genus of about 300 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native throughout the Northern Hemisphere and also on the high mountains of tropical Africa. The genus was erected by Carl Linnaeus.

All members of the genus Delphinium are toxic to humans and livestock. The common name larkspur is shared between perennial Delphinium species and annual species of the genus Consolida. Molecular data show that Consolida, as well as another segregate genus, Aconitella, are both embedded in Delphinium.

The genus name Delphinium derives from the Ancient Greek word δελφίνιον (delphínion) which means "dolphin", a name used in De Materia Medica for some kind of larkspur. Pedanius Dioscorides said the plant got its name because of its dolphin-shaped flowers.
Bruce Laingen
Lowell Bruce Laingen (August 6, 1922 – July 15, 2019) was an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Malta from 1977 to 1979. Laingen is best known for having been the most senior American official held hostage during the Iran hostage crisis, while serving as the chargé d'affaires (head of diplomatic mission) at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.

Yellow ribbon
A yellow ribbon has various uses. It can be applied as a necktie, worn on a person, mounted on a car, or wrapped around a tree. In the United States, it has many different purposes, most commonly associated with forgiveness and hope.
Jan Kotík
Jan Kotík (4 January 1916 – 23 March 2002) was a Czech painter and graphic artist.

Kotik was a member of Group 42 during World War II. Following the war his art was influenced by Chinese calligraphy. In 1956 he attended the Congress of Alba and signed up to the Final Resolution of the Alba Congress.

His son is the musician Petr Kotík and his grandson was Jan Jakub Kotík.

Group 42
Group 42 (Czech: Skupina 42) was a Czech artistic group officially established on 27 November 1942 (though its roots date to 1938–1939, forming in 1940).  The group's activity ceased in 1948 when they were banned by the government, but its influence on Czech literature and Czech art was still evident in further years.

This group was primarily influenced by civilism, cubism, futurism, constructivism, existentialism, and surrealism, and their work revealed a characteristic fascination with technology, evident in their frequent focus on cities, factories, industry, and machines. The human characters are generally common townspeople.

The article The World We Live In (Czech: Svět, v němž žijeme) by Jindřich Chalupecký provided Group 42's primary theoretical foundation.