hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Catholic Bishops Conference of Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands
The Catholic Bishops Conference of Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands (short: CBCPNGSI) is the national episcopal conference of the bishops of the Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea and in the Solomon Islands.

It brings together 22 bishops and archbishops who represent all the Catholic dioceses in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. The Bishops Conference's work is coordinated by a general secretariat located in Port Moresby. Since January 2025, the Secretary-General is Father Lawrence Arockiaraj. Bishop Otto Separy is the current President of the CBCPNGSI.

The work is structured around several committees, which in turn coordinate the activities of various commissions. Each commission focuses on a specific area, such as priestly formation, social communications, evangelisation, or ecumenical and interfaith dialogue. Caritas Papua New Guinea operates under the responsibility of the Bishops Conference and serves as its social and development arm.

Caritas Papua New Guinea
Caritas Papua New Guinea is a Papuan not-for-profit organisation. It is the social arm of the Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea and works in the fields of humanitarian relief, social justice, peacebuilding and development.

Caritas Papua New Guinea is a member of both Caritas Oceania and Caritas Internationalis.
South African type TL tender
The South African type TL tender was a steam locomotive tender.

Type TL tenders were rebuilt from Type TJ and Type TM tenders which had entered service between 1909 and 1912. The rebuilding resulted in a tender with a larger coal bunker.

South African Class 1A 4-8-0
The South African Railways Class 1A 4-8-0 of 1910 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Colony of Natal.

In 1910, the Natal Government Railways placed 21 improved Class B 4-8-0 Mastodon type tender locomotives in service. In 1912, when these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 1A.
Collateral damage
"Collateral damage" is a term for any incidental and undesired death, injury or other damage inflicted, especially on civilians, as the result of an activity. Originally coined to describe military operations, it is now also used in non-military contexts to refer to negative unintended consequences of an action.

Critics of use of the term "collateral damage" see it as a euphemism that dehumanizes non-combatants killed or injured during combat, used to reduce the perceived culpability of military leadership in failing to prevent non-combatant casualties.

Collateral damage does not include civilian casualties caused by military operations that are intended to terrorize or kill enemy civilians (e.g., the Bombing of Dresden or Bombing of Hamburg in World War II and Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure openly described as "retaliatory" and intended to "make towns uninhabitable").

Casualty (person)
A casualty (/ˈkæʒuəlti/ ⓘ KAZH-oo-əl-tee, UK also /ˈkæʒjuəlti/ KAZH-yoo-əl-tee), as a term in military usage, is a person in military service, combatant or non-combatant, who becomes unavailable for duty due to any of several circumstances, including death, injury, illness, missing, capture or desertion.
Lake Newland Conservation Park
Lake Newland Conservation Park is a protected area in the Australian state of South Australia located on the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the town of Elliston. It was proclaimed in 1991 in order to protect Lake Newland, a hypersaline lake, and an associated wetland complex. It lies in the traditional lands of the Wirangu people.

Elliston, South Australia
Elliston is a small coastal town in the Australian state of South Australia on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula, 169 km northwest of Port Lincoln and 641 km west of Adelaide. The township is located on Waterloo Bay. At the 2021 census, Elliston had a population of 333.
John Averell
John Averell was an Irish bishop in the third quarter of the 18th century.

A former Dean of Emly, Averell was Dean of Limerick from 1766 until 1770. He was nominated Bishop of Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe on 14 December 1770 and consecrated on 6 January the following year. He died on 14 September 1771.

Dean of Limerick and Ardfert
The Dean of Limerick and Ardfert is a Church of Ireland official based in the Cathedral Church of St Mary's in the united diocese of Limerick, Killaloe and Ardfert.

There had been two separate deans, Dean of Limerick and Dean of Ardfert, until the position was united in 1987. The Dean of Ardfert had been based at Ardfert Cathedral (a.k.a. St Brendan's Cathedral), until it was destroyed by fire in 1641.

The current incumbent, since 2017, is The Very Reverend Niall Sloane.
Stoycho Vassilev Breskovski
Stoycho Vassilev Breskovski  (Bulgarian: Стойчо Василев Бресковски; December 25, 1934, in Granit, Stara Zagora Province, Bulgaria – January 15, 2004, in Sofia, Bulgaria) was a Bulgarian paleontologist.

Sofia University Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology
The Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Museum of Paleontology and Historical Geology (SUMPHG) (Bulgarian: Музей по палеонтология и исторична геология към Софийския университет "Свети Климент Охридски"), is a paleontology museum located in the main building of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria.
Baddies season 1
The first season of Baddies, officially titled Baddies ATL, aired on the Zeus Network from May 16, 2021, to August 22, 2021, and is filmed in Atlanta, Georgia.

The season focuses on the original Bad Girls of reality television; Seven Craft, Judi Jackson, Natalie Nunn, Sarah Oliver, Christina Salgado, Janelle Shanks,Tanisha Thomas and Newbie Sidney Starr. Mehgan James is also featured in a recurring capacity. The season consisted of 12 episodes, including a two-part reunion special hosted by Tamar Braxton and Jason Lee.

This was the final season for Craft, Jackson, Shanks and Thomas. This was also the final season for Oliver and Starr as full-time cast members.

Tanisha Thomas
Tanisha Thomas is an American reality television producer. She is best known for her appearance on the second season of the Oxygen Network series Bad Girls Club. In 2023, Thomas became the winner of the first season of E! Network's reality competition show House of Villains.
Nicole Cornes
Nicole Joanne Cornes (born 7 January 1970) is a union legal officer, a former newspaper columnist and a former Australian Labor political candidate. She was the unsuccessful 2007 Australian Labor Party candidate for the division of Boothby, a marginal Liberal seat in the south of Adelaide.

Graham Cornes
Graham Studley Cornes OAM (born 31 March 1948 in Melbourne, Victoria) is a former Australian rules footballer and coach, as well as a media personality. From 1995 until early 2013, Cornes co-hosted a weekday drivetime sports program that he hosts on Adelaide radio station 5AA, first with Ken "KG" Cunningham and, following Cunningham's retirement in 2008, with Stephen Rowe. In 2012 he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.

Cornes is also a Vietnam veteran, having served as an infantry soldier with the 7th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment in 1968.
C. Madhavan Nair
Sir Chettur Madhavan Nair PC CIE (24 January 1879 – 3 March 1970) (styled Sir Madhavan Nair) was an Indian lawyer who served as Advocate-General of Madras, a justice of the Madras High Court and member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Advocate-General of Madras
The Advocate-General of Madras was charged with advising the Government of the British-administered Madras Presidency on legal matters. The Presidency existed from 1652 to 1950. Prior to 1858, when it was administered by the East India Company, the Advocate-General was the senior law officer of that company and also the Attorney-General of the Sovereign of Great Britain and an ex-officio member of the Madras Legislative Council.
Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue
The Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue (Hebrew: קהל צור ישראל, lit. 'Congregation Rock of Israel'; Portuguese: Sinagoga Kahal Zur Israel; Dutch: Synagoge Kahal Zur Israel) was a former Jewish synagogue, located at 197 Rua do Bom Jesus (Rua dos Judeus), in the old city of Recife, in the state of Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil.

The synagogue was established in 1636 by Portuguese and Spanish Sephardic Jews who had taken refuge in Dutch Brazil, fleeing forced conversion, and were joined by New Christians, who possibly helped to build the structure and were already living in the colony. It was the first synagogue erected in the Americas.  The building was destroyed in the early part of the 20th century and a new building constructed on the same site, that now serves as a Jewish museum. The museum features a Torah and bema, as well as archeological excavations displaying various parts of the original synagogue, such as the mikveh.

Recife Antigo
Recife Antigo (Old Recife) is the historical section of central Recife, Brazil. It is located on the Island of Recife, near the Recife harbor. This historic area has been recently recovered and now holds several clubs, bars and a high-tech center called Porto Digital.
First arch syndrome
First arch syndromes are congenital defects caused by a failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the first pharyngeal arch.  They can produce facial anomalies.  Examples of first arch syndromes include Treacher Collins syndrome and Pierre Robin syndrome.

Pharyngeal arch
The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches, are transient structures seen in the embryonic development of humans and other vertebrates, that are recognisable precursors for many structures. In fish, the arches support the gills and are known as the branchial arches, or gill arches.

In the human embryo, the arches are first seen during the fourth week of development. They appear as a series of outpouchings of mesoderm on both sides of the developing pharynx. The vasculature of the pharyngeal arches are the aortic arches that arise from the aortic sac.
The Westin San Jose
The Westin San Jose, housed in the historic Sainte Claire Hotel, is a six-story landmark hotel in Downtown San Jose, California, United States. Built in 1926, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and one of the city's most recognized architectural landmarks.

Downtown San Jose
Downtown San Jose is the central business district of San Jose, California, United States. Downtown is one of the largest tech clusters in Silicon Valley, as well as the cultural and political center of San Jose.
Arabia Terra
Arabia Terra is a large upland region in the north of Mars that lies mostly in the Arabia quadrangle, but a small part is in the Mare Acidalium quadrangle. It is densely cratered and heavily eroded. This battered topography indicates great age, and Arabia Terra is presumed to be one of the oldest terrains on the planet. It covers as much as 4,500 km (2,800 mi) at its longest extent, centered roughly at 21°N 6°E﻿ / ﻿21°N 6°E﻿ / 21; 6 with its eastern and southern regions rising 4 km (13,000 ft) above the north-west. Alongside its many craters, canyons wind through the Arabia Terra, many emptying into the large northern lowlands of the planet, which borders Arabia Terra to the north.

Arabia quadrangle
The Arabia quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program. The Arabia quadrangle is also referred to as MC-12 (Mars Chart-12).

The quadrangle contains part of the classic area of Mars known as Arabia. It also contains a part of Terra Sabaea and a small part of Meridiani Planum. It lies on the boundary between the young northern plains and the old southern highlands. The quadrangle covers the area from 315° to 360° west longitude and 0° to 30° north latitude.
Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas
The Diocese of Dallas (Latin: Diœcesis Dallasensis) is a Catholic diocese in North Texas in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of San Antonio, founded in 1890. The mother church is the National Shrine Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Dallas. The bishop is Edward J. Burns.

Joseph Patrick Lynch
Joseph Patrick Lynch (November 16, 1872 – August 19, 1954) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Dallas in Texas from 1911 until his death in 1954.
Miscegenation hoax
The Miscegenation hoax, taking the form of a pamphlet subtitled The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro, was published by New York World staff in December 1863 as part of an anti-Lincoln Copperhead campaign leading up to the 1864 presidential election. The 72-page piece coined the term miscegenation (from the Latin miscere "to mix" + genus "kind") and was put together by World managing editor David Goodman Croly and reporter George Wakeman.

The work purports to be a sincere advocacy of the virtues of racial mixing, but it is a literary forgery intended to prompt opposition to racial equality, and to blame the Lincoln administration for allegedly supporting this goal.  The authors unsuccessfully attempted to trick Lincoln into endorsing the work.  The World also featured a hoax about a "Miscegenation Ball" with interracial dancing alleged to have been held at a Republican function in New York City during the campaign.

New York World
The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 to 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers as a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publisher Joseph Pulitzer, it was a pioneer in yellow journalism, capturing readers' attention with sensation, sports, sex and scandal and pushing its daily circulation to the one-million mark. It was sold in 1931 and merged into the New York World-Telegram.
Gorny District
Gorny District (Russian: Го́рный улу́с; Yakut: Горнай улууһа, Gornay uluuha) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Vilyuysky and Kobyaysky Districts in the north, Namsky District and the territory of the city of republic significance of Yakutsk in the east, Khangalassky District in the south, Olyokminsky District in the southwest, and Verkhnevilyuysky District in the west. The area of the district is 45,600 square kilometers (17,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Berdigestyakh. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 11,706, with the population of Berdigestyakh accounting for 55.2% of that number.

Khangalassky District
Khangalassky District (Russian: Хангала́сский улу́с; Yakut: Хаҥалас улууһа, romanized: Xañalas uluuha, [xaŋalas uluːha]) is an administrative and municipal district (raion, or ulus), one of the thirty-four in the Sakha Republic, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic and borders Megino-Kangalassky District in the east, Amginsky and Aldansky Districts in the south, Olyokminsky District in the southwest, Gorny District in the northwest, and the territory of the city of republic significance of Yakutsk in the north. The area of the district is 24,700 square kilometers (9,500 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pokrovsk. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district, excluding its administrative center, was 24,557.
Kistefjellet
Kistefjellet is a mountain in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 665 m.a.s.l., and is the southernmost mountain of Spitsbergen. Nearby mountains are St. Nikolausfjellet to the north, separated from Kistefjellet by Lyngebreen, and Keilhaufjellet to the northeast, separated by the glacier Mathiasbreen.

St. Nikolausfjellet
St. Nikolausfjellet is a mountain in Sørkapp Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 694 m.a.s.l., and is located north of Kistefjellet. It is surrounded by glaciers, with Lyngebreen to the south, Mathiasbreen to the southeast, St. Nikolausbreen to the northeast, and Belopol'skijbreen to the northwest. The mountain is named after Saint Nicholas, patron saint of sailors.
Khagendra Thapa Magar
Khagendra Thapa Magar (Nepali: खगेन्द्र थापामगर) (4 October 1992 – 17 January 2020) was a Nepali once known as the shortest man in the world, measuring 0.67 m (2 ft 2 in). Magar, who was a primordial dwarf, won the title of shortest man from Edward Niño Hernández. He lost the title in June 2011 to Junrey Balawing of the Philippines.

Edward Niño Hernández
Edward Niño Hernández (born May 10, 1986) is the world's second-shortest living mobile man. He was certified on September 4, 2010, by the Guinness World Records. At 24 years of age, Hernandez was 0.7 m (2 ft 3+1⁄2 in) tall and weighed 10 kg (22 lb). At 33 years of age, Hernandez was 0.721 m (2 ft 4+1⁄2 in) tall. He lives in Bogotá, Colombia.

The previous titleholder, He Pingping of Inner Mongolia, was 3.8 cm (1.5 inches) taller and died on March 13, 2010, in Rome, Italy, where he was filming the TV program Lo show dei record. Hernandez's reign ended on October 14, 2010, when Khagendra Thapa Magar of Nepal turned 18. He reclaimed the record following Magar's death on January 17, 2020, and lost it again on December 13, 2022, to Afshin Ghaderzadeh of Iran when he was aged 20.

He appeared on the TV programme Susana Giménez in Argentina.
T-Stoff
T-Stoff ([teː ʃtɔf]; 'substance T') was a stabilised high test peroxide used in Germany during World War II. T-Stoff was specified to contain 80% (occasionally 85%) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), remainder water, with traces (<0.1%) of stabilisers. Stabilisers used included 0.0025% phosphoric acid, a mixture of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate and 8-oxyquinoline, and sodium stannate.

High-test peroxide
High-test peroxide (HTP) is a highly concentrated (85 to 98%) solution of hydrogen peroxide, with the remainder consisting predominantly of water. In contact with a catalyst, it decomposes into a high-temperature mixture of steam and oxygen, with no remaining liquid water. It was used as a propellant of HTP rockets and torpedoes, and has been used for high-performance vernier engines.
Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Anton Egon (23 April 1656 – 10 October 1716), a member of the Swabian House of Fürstenberg, was Imperial Prince and Princely Landgrave of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg from 1674 until his death. He also served as governor of the Electorate of Saxony under the Wettin prince-elector Augustus II the Strong.

Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg
Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was a county and later a principality in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the historical territory of Heiligenberg. It was created as a partition of Fürstenberg-Baar in 1559, and it suffered one partition between itself and Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen in 1617.

When Herman Egon of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was elevated to the estate of imperial princes (Reichsfürstenstand) in 1664, Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was raised to a principality and existed as an imperially immediate territory. It inherited Fürstenberg-Donaueschingen in 1698, but following the extinction of its branch in 1716, it was  inherited by Fürstenberg-Fürstenberg.
Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union
The Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union, usually known as OICCU (/ˈɔɪkjuː/ OY-kew), is the world's second oldest university Christian Union and is the University of Oxford's most prominent student Christian organisation. It was formed in 1879.

Due to the strength of the Oxford Movement and later the Oxford Groups (alternative Christian movements), evangelical Christians in Oxford have generally faced a more pluriform environment than in Cambridge, and OICCU has tended to follow the general lead of its Cambridge counterpart, the Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union (CICCU).

OICCU admits postgraduate students as well as undergraduates, although postgraduates are eligible only for associate membership, and their needs may be better served by the Oxford Graduate Christian Forum.

J. I. Packer
James Innell Packer (22 July 1926 – 17 July 2020) was an English-born Canadian evangelical theologian, cleric and writer in the low-church Anglican and Calvinist traditions. Having been considered as one of the most influential evangelicals in North America, Packer is known for his 1973 best-selling book Knowing God, along with his work as the general editor of the English Standard Version Bible. He was one of the high-profile signers on the 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, a member on the advisory board of the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, and also was involved in the ecumenical book Evangelicals and Catholics Together in 1994. His last teaching position was as the board of governors' Professor of Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia, in which he served from 1996 until his retirement in 2016 due to failing eyesight.
Parijat (writer)
Bishnu Kumari Waiba, also known as Parijat was a Nepali writer and poet of Nepali language. She is best known for her novel Shirishko Phool, for which she won the Madan Puraskar, becoming the first woman to receive the award. She published multiple novels and wrote many poems and stories in her lifetime.

Nepali literature
Nepali literature (Nepali: नेपाली साहित्य) refers to literature written in the Nepali language. The Nepali language has been the national language of Nepal since 1958.

Nepali evolved from Sanskrit and it is difficult to exactly date the history of Nepali language literature since most of the early scholars wrote in Sanskrit. It is, however, possible to roughly divide Nepali literature into five periods.
Llanfarian
Llanfarian (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬanˈvarjan]) is a village, community and electoral ward in the county of Ceredigion, Mid-Wales, south of the administrative centre Aberystwyth.

Llanfarian village lies above the banks of the river Ystwyth in the Ystwyth Valley. The community – which includes the villages of Rhydyfelin and Glanyrafon, and the hamlets of Chancery and Moriah – had a population of 1,541 at the 2011 census.

Glanyrafon, Ceredigion
Glanyrafon or Glanrafon is a small village and industrial estate in the community of Llanfarian, Ceredigion, Wales. It lies on the south bank of the Afon Rheidol, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north-east of Llanfarian village and the same distance east of the town of Aberystwyth.

Glanyrafon is represented in the Senedd by Elin Jones (Plaid Cymru) and is part of the Ceredigion Preseli constituency in the House of Commons.
Borrowed chord
A borrowed chord (also called chord borrowing, mode mixture, modal mixture, substituted chord, modal interchange, or mutation) is a chord borrowed from the parallel key (minor or major scale with the same tonic). Borrowed chords are typically used as "color chords", providing harmonic variety through contrasting scale forms, which are major scales and the three forms of minor scales. Chords may also be borrowed from other parallel modes besides the major and minor mode, for example D Dorian with D major. The mixing of the major and minor modes developed in the Baroque period.

Borrowed chords are distinguished from modulation by being brief enough that the tonic is not lost or displaced, and may be considered brief or transitory modulations and may be distinguished from secondary chords as well as altered chords. According to Sheila Romeo, "[t]he borrowed chord suggests the sound of its own mode without actually switching to that mode."

Chord (music)
A chord is the simultaneous sound of two or more musical notes. The most common chord has three notes and is known as a triad. Added tone chords, extended chords, and tone clusters can have more than three notes and are common in contemporary classical music and jazz.

An arpeggio is a chord where notes are sounded separately. A series of chords is sometimes called a chord progression. There are several ways to notate chords including figured bass, Roman numerals, the Nashville Number System, and alphabetical chord notation.