hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Execution chamber
An execution chamber, or death chamber, is a room or chamber in which capital punishment is carried out. Execution chambers are almost always inside the walls of a maximum-security prison, although not always at the same prison where the death row population is housed. Inside the chamber is the apparatus used to carry out the death sentence.

Tokyo Detention House
The Tokyo Detention House (東京拘置所, Tōkyō Kōchisho) is a correctional facility in Katsushika, Tokyo. The prison, which is operated by the Ministry of Justice, is one of seven detention centres that carry out executions in Japan. It is used to detain people awaiting trial, convicted felons and those sentenced to death.
Chicago Public High School League
The Chicago Public High School Athletic Association, commonly known as the Chicago Public League (CPL), is the interscholastic competition arm of the Chicago Public Schools. The governance of the CPL is set through the Department of Sports Administration and Facilities of CPS.

DuSable High School
Jean Baptiste Point DuSable High School is a public 4–year high school campus in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Chicago Public Schools and named after Chicago's first permanent non-native settler, Jean Baptiste Point Du Sable. Constructed between 1931 and 1934, DuSable opened in 1935.

Since 2005, the school campus has served as home to two smaller schools: the Bronzeville Scholastic Institute and the Daniel Hale Williams Preparatory School of Medicine. Both of the schools use the DuSable name in an athletics context. The DuSable Leadership Academy was also housed at the location until it closed after the 2015–16 school year. The school building was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2013.
Marcus Atius Balbus
Marcus Atius Balbus (105 – 51 BC) was a 1st-century BC Roman who served as a praetor in 62 BC; he was a cousin of the general Pompey on his mother's side and a brother-in-law of the Dictator Julius Caesar through his marriage to Caesar's sister Julia Minor. Through his daughter, Atia, he became the maternal grandfather of Augustus the first Roman Emperor.

Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 38 BC)
Lucius Marcius Philippus was a Roman politician who was elected suffect consul in 38 BC. He was step-brother to the future emperor Augustus, as well as his uncle (his wife's sister was Atia Balba, mother of Augustus).
Scott's sportive lemur
Scott's sportive lemur (Lepilemur scottorum), or the Masoala sportive lemur, is a sportive lemur endemic to Madagascar.  This is one of 26 species in the genus Lepilemur. It has greyish brown fur and a black-tipped tail.  It is named in honor of the Suzanne and Walter Scott Jr. Foundation.

Sportive lemur
The sportive lemurs are the medium-sized primates that make up the family Lepilemuridae. The family consists of only one extant genus, Lepilemur. They are closely related to the other lemurs and exclusively live on the island of Madagascar. For a time, this family was named Megaladapidae, but the current name was given precedence since the extinct genus Megaladapis was removed from the family.
John Sutter
John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Sutter and known in Spanish as Don Juan Sutter, was a Swiss immigrant who became a Mexican and later an American citizen, known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital. His employee James W. Marshall discovered gold, leading to the founding of the mill-making team at Sutter's Mill. Sutter, however, saw his own business ventures fail during the California gold rush, though those of his elder son, John Augustus Sutter Jr., were more successful.

Burgdorf, Switzerland
Burgdorf (Swiss Standard German pronunciation: [ˈbʊrɡˌdɔrf] ⓘ; French: Berthoud [bɛʁtu]; High Alemannic: Bùùrdlef) is the largest city in the Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of the same name until 2010, when it became part of the new Emmental district.
Sumra bint Jundab
Sumra bint Jundab (Arabic: سُمرة بنت جندب), also known as Ṣafiyya bint Junaydib (صفية بنت جنيدب), was the first wife of Abd al-Muttalib.

Her father was Jundab (or Junaydib) ibn Hujayr ibn Zabbab (or Riyab) ibn Habib ibn Suwa'a ibn Amir ibn Sa'sa'a ibn Mu'awiyah ibn Bakr ibn Hawazin ibn Mansur ibn Ikrima from the Hawazin tribe.

She married Abd al-Muttalib when he was young. Their son, al-Harith, remained Abd al-Muttalib's only child for many years.

Abd al-Muttalib
Shayba ibn Hāshim (Arabic: شيبة بن هاشم; c. 481–578), better known as ʿAbd al-Muttalib, (Arabic: عبد المطلب, lit. 'Servant of Muttalib') was the fourth chief of the Quraysh tribal confederation and grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Stearns Road
Stearns Road is a major county road in the Chicago Metropolitan Area in parts of DuPage and Kane counties, Illinois, United States. Stearns Road begins at Kane County Highway 34 (Randall Road) in South Elgin and continues east into Greenbrook Boulevard and ends at U.S. Route 20 in Hanover Park. Parts of Stearns Road are signed as Illinois Route 25, DuPage County Route 29, and Kane County Route 37. This is a distance of about 11.1 miles (17.9 km).

Randall Road
Randall Road is a major north-south stroad and county highway in McHenry and Kane County, Illinois. The road is named after Norman Randall, a prominent area landowner in the 1930s. It serves as the western extent of the Fox Valley suburbs in the Chicago metropolitan area. Its southern terminus is in Aurora, Illinois, at Marseillaise Place. Its northern terminus is at a full four-way intersection at McHenry Avenue and James R. Rakow Road in Crystal Lake, Illinois.  The road is 31.4 mi (50.5 km) in length.
Jesse Clayson
Jesse Alec Maynard Clayson  (12 June 1905 – 21 August 1971) was an Anglican priest: he was the archdeacon of Croydon from 1957 to 1967; and an Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1965.

Clayson was educated at Dover Grammar School and King's College London  and  ordained in 1935. After a curacy at St Stephen, Norbury he was a Royal Naval chaplain aboard HMS Newcastle, then vicar of Holy Trinity, Dover. He was vicar of St Stephen, Norbury from 1940 to 1945 and then secretary to the Canterbury Diocesan Board of Finance from 1945 to 1967.

Archdeacon of Croydon
The Archdeacon of Croydon is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Diocese of Southwark. As such the deacon is responsible for the disciplinary supervision of the clergy  within its five rural deaneries: Croydon Addington, Croydon Central, Croydon North, Croydon South and Sutton.
AG Carinae
AG Carinae (AG Car) is a star in the constellation of Carina. It is classified as a luminous blue variable (LBV) and is one of the most luminous stars in the Milky Way. The great distance (20,000 light-years) and intervening dust mean that the star is not usually visible to the naked eye; its apparent brightness varies erratically between magnitude 5.7 and 9.0.

In 1914, Harry Edwin Wood announced his discovery that this star, then called CPD−59°2860, is a variable star, based on photographic plates taken in 1911 and 1914. It was given its variable star designation, AG Carinae, in 1921.

Luminous blue variable
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are rare, massive, evolved stars that show unpredictable and sometimes dramatic variations in their spectra and brightness. They are also known as S Doradus variables after S Doradus, one of the brightest stars of the Large Magellanic Cloud.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
The International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of microbial systematics that was established in 1951. Its scope covers the taxonomy, nomenclature, identification, characterisation, culture preservation, phylogeny, evolution, and biodiversity of all microorganisms, including prokaryotes, yeasts and yeast-like organisms, protozoa and algae. The journal is currently published monthly by the Microbiology Society.

An official publication of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) and International Union of Microbiological Societies (Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology Division), the journal is the single official international forum for the publication of new species names for prokaryotes. In addition to research papers, the journal also publishes the minutes of meetings of the ICSP and its various subcommittees.

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes
The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP), formerly the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB), is the body that oversees the nomenclature of prokaryotes, determines the rules by which prokaryotes are named and whose Judicial Commission issues Opinions concerning taxonomic matters, revisions to the Bacteriological Code, etc.
Skammevarden
Skammevarden is a mountain in the municipality of Valle in Agder county, Norway.  The 1,418-metre (4,652 ft) tall mountain has a topographic prominence of 50 metres (160 ft), making it the 15th highest mountain in Agder county. It is located in the Setesdalsheiene mountains, about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the village of Valle and about the same distance south of the village of Bykle.

Valle, Norway
Valle (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈvɑ̂ɫːə] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Valle. Other villages in Valle include Besteland, Brokke, Homme, Hovet, Rygnestad, Rysstad, and Uppstad.

The 1,265-square-kilometre (488 sq mi) municipality is the 82nd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Valle is the 321st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,180. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 7.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Ed Sadowski
Edward Roman Sadowski (January 19, 1931 – November 6, 1993) was an American catcher in Major League Baseball who played in all or part of four seasons between 1960 and 1966 for the Boston Red Sox (1960), Los Angeles Angels (1961–1963) and Atlanta Braves (1966). Sadowski batted and threw right-handed. He debuted on April 20, 1960, and played his final game on October 2, 1966. He was the brother of Bob Sadowski and Ted Sadowski, and uncle of Jim Sadowski. All were pitchers who played in the Major Leagues.

Jim Sadowski
James Michael Sadowski (born August 7, 1951) is an American former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Pittsburgh Pirates in their 1974 season. Listed at 6' 3", 195 lb, Sadowski batted and threw right-handed. Coming out of a baseball family, he is the nephew of former big leaguers Bob, Ed and Ted Sadowski.
Democratic National Committee
The Democratic National Committee (DNC) is the principal executive leadership board of the United States's Democratic Party. According to the party charter, it has "general responsibility for the affairs of the Democratic Party between National Conventions", and particularly coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local, state, and national office, as well as works to establish a "party brand" and to formulate the party platform. While it provides support for party candidates, it does not have direct authority over elected officials.

The DNC was established on May 26, 1848, at that year's Democratic National Convention. The DNC's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee.

Security hacker
A security hacker or security researcher is someone who explores methods for breaching or bypassing defenses and exploiting weaknesses in a computer system or network. Hackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, such as profit, protest, sabotage, information gathering, challenge, recreation, or evaluation of a system weaknesses to assist in formulating defenses against potential hackers.

Longstanding controversy surrounds the meaning of the term "hacker". In this controversy, computer programmers reclaim the term hacker, arguing that it refers simply to someone with an advanced understanding of computers and computer networks, and that cracker is the more appropriate term for those who break into computers, whether computer criminals (black hats) or computer security experts (white hats). A 2014 article noted that "the black-hat meaning still prevails among the general public". The subculture that has evolved around hackers is often referred to as the "computer underground".
Kabir Suman
Kabir Suman (pronounced [kobiɾ ʃumon]; born as Suman Chattopadhyay; 16 March 1949) is an Indian singer-songwriter, music director and composer, writer, actor, politician, and former journalist. He shot to fame in the 1990s with Bengali albums such as Tomake Chai (I Want You) and Boshe Anko (Sit-and-Draw). Suman has won a National Film Award for Best Music Direction for his work in Jaatishwar (2014).

From May 2009 to 2014, he was a Member of Parliament of India in the 15th Lok Sabha, having been elected from the Jadavpur constituency in West Bengal, on a Trinamool Congress ticket.

Sabina Yasmin
Sabina Yasmin (born 4 September 1954) is a Bangladeshi singer. She is best known as a playback singer in Bengali cinema. She has won the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer a record 14 times. She has recorded more than 1,500 songs for films and more than 10,000 songs in total.

Yasmin was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1984 and the Independence Day Award in 1996 by the government of Bangladesh.
Tazio Nuvolari
Tazio Giorgio Nuvolari (Italian: [ˈtattsjo ˈdʒordʒo nuvoˈlaːri]; 16 November 1892 – 11 August 1953) was an Italian racing driver. He first raced motorcycles and then concentrated on sports cars and Grand Prix racing. Originally of Mantua, he was nicknamed il Mantovano Volante ("the Flying Mantuan") and Nuvola ("Cloud"). His victories—72 major races, 150 in all—included 24 Grands Prix, five Coppa Cianos, two Mille Miglias, two Targa Florios, two RAC Tourist Trophies, a Le Mans 24-hour race, and a European Championship in Grand Prix racing. Ferdinand Porsche called him "the greatest driver of the past, the present, and the future".

Alfa Romeo P3
The Alfa Romeo P3, P3 monoposto or Tipo B was a classic Grand Prix car designed by Vittorio Jano, one of the Alfa Romeo 8C models. The P3 is considered to be the world's first genuine single-seat Grand Prix racing car and was Alfa Romeo's second monoposto after the Tipo A monoposto (1931). It was based on the earlier successful Alfa Romeo P2. Taking lessons learned from that car, Jano went back to the drawing board to design a car that could last longer race distances.
Mobee Royal Family Slave Relics Museum
The Mobee Royal Family Slave Relics Museum is a museum located in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. Dedicated to relics of the slave trade, it is a privately-owned museum operated by descendants of the traditional rulers of Badagry.

The museum has manacles used by slave traders to shackle enslaved people, including those used to bind together the legs of two slaves to slow their movement. There is also a branding tool from the late 18th century which belonged to the slave merchant Sunbu Mobee, whose grave is located inside the museum. It was reportedly used to brand the name of the slave merchant onto the skin of enslaved people, and to pierce their lips to prevent them from eating while working in the fields. Other items include a ring-shaped tool which was used to punish enslaved people by being forced over a broken wrist and used to suspend them off the ground from a tree. Outside the museum are two 18th century canons, which could reportedly be exchanged for up to 100 slaves each.

Badagry
BadagryListenⓘ, also spelled Badagri, (Gun: Gbagli) is a coastal town and Local Government Area (LGA) in the Badagry Division of Lagos State, Nigeria. It is quite close to the city of Lagos, and located on the north bank of Porto Novo Creek, an inland waterway that connects Lagos (Nigeria's largest city and economic capital) to the Beninese capital of Porto-Novo. The same route connects Lagos, Ilaro, and Porto-Novo, and shares a border with the Republic of Benin. As of the preliminary 2006 census results, the municipality had a population of 241,093.

Serving as a lagoon and an Atlantic port, Badagry emerged as a commercial center on the West African coast between 1736 and 1851. Its connecting and navigable lakes, creeks and inland lagoons acted as a means to facilitate trade and as a security bar for residents. During the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, the town was a middleman between European traders on the coast and traders from the hinterland.
Congressional Armenian Caucus
The Congressional Armenian Caucus (CAC) is an organization of over 100 members of the United States Congress. The caucus is dedicated to keeping members of Congress engaged on Armenia-related issues as well as strengthening and maintaining the United States-Armenia relationship. In particular, the CAC aims to increase U.S. aid to Armenia and Artsakh, recognize the Armenian genocide and to recognize the independence of Artsakh. The CAC was founded in 1995. Although the majority of the members are from the Democratic Party, there are also members from the Republican Party, including co-chairs Gus Bilirakis and David Valadao.

Armenia–United States relations
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 brought an end to the Cold War and created an opportunity for establishing bilateral relations between the United States with Armenia and other post-Soviet states as they began a political and economic transformation. The United States recognized the independence of Armenia on 25 December 1991, and opened an embassy in Armenia's capital Yerevan in February 1992.

The United States has made a concerted effort to help Armenia and other NIS during their transition from authoritarianism and a planned economy to democracy and a market economy. The Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets (FREEDOM) Support Act was enacted in October 1992. Under this and other programs, the United States to date has provided humanitarian and technical assistance for Armenia.
Bereh
Berek (Oromo: Barihee) is a woreda or district in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It was part of the former Berek Aleltu woreda which was separated for Aleltu and Berek woredas and Sendafa Town. Part of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Berek is bordered on the south by the Akaki and East Shewa Zone, on the southwest by the city of Addis Ababa, on the west by Sululta, on the north by North Shewa Zone, and on the east by the Amhara Region.

The landscape of this woreda has been described as undulating mountains covered by a scattered settlement pattern, which make development efforts more difficult.

This woreda was selected as one of the three areas for Agri-Service Ethiopia to implement an Integrated Food Security Program. This Program operates in 12 of the woreda's kebeles, with the goal of improving agricultural practices, developing new rural water sources, conserving use of local natural resources, training community health workers and building new schools.

Aleltu
Aleltu is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. It was part of former Bereh woreda. It is part of the North Shewa Zone. Towns located in this woreda include Tale, Bakkee, Digare, Sant'e and Galata. The closest major cities include Addis Ababa, Adama and Bishoftu.
Ashfield railway station, Sydney
Ashfield railway station is a suburban railway station located on the Main Suburban line, serving the Sydney suburb of Ashfield. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Leppington & Inner West Line and T3 Liverpool & Inner West Line services.

Ashfield, New South Wales
Ashfield is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Ashfield is about eight kilometres west of the Sydney central business district.

Ashfield's population is highly multicultural with the majority of the area's dwellings being a mixture of mainly post-war low-rise flats (apartment blocks) and Federation-era detached houses. Amongst these are a number of grand Victorian buildings that offer a hint of Ashfield's rich cultural heritage.
Ontario Undergraduate Student Alliance
The Ontario Undergraduate Student Alliance (OUSA) is an alliance of students' unions in Ontario, Canada. Their common objective is to protect the interests of over 160,000 professional and undergraduate, full-time and part-time university students, and to provide research and recommendations to the government on how to improve accessibility, affordability, accountability, and quality of post-secondary education in Ontario.

Laurentian University
Laurentian University (French: Université Laurentienne), officially Laurentian University of Sudbury, is a mid-sized bilingual public university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, incorporated on March 28, 1960. Laurentian offers a variety of undergraduate, graduate-level, and doctorate degrees. Laurentian is the largest bilingual provider of distance education in Canada. The university was formerly federated with Thorneloe University, Huntington University, and the University of Sudbury.  Laurentian severed the federation during 2021 insolvency proceedings, ending 60-year relationships, and triggering lawsuits.
Keep the Aspidistra Flying
Keep the Aspidistra Flying, first published in 1936, is a socially critical novel by George Orwell. It is Orwell's third novel and fourth book. The novel is set in 1930s London. The main theme is Gordon Comstock's romantic ambition to defy worship of the money-god and status, and the dismal life that results for those who chase riches.

A Clergyman's Daughter
A Clergyman's Daughter is the second novel and third book by English author George Orwell, published in 1935. It tells the story of Dorothy Hare, the titular clergyman's daughter, whose life is turned upside down when she suffers an attack of amnesia. It is Orwell's most formally experimental novel, featuring a chapter written entirely in dramatic form, but he was never satisfied with it and he left instructions that after his death it was not to be reprinted. Despite these instructions, Orwell did consent to the printing of cheap editions "of any book which may bring in a few pounds for my heirs" following his death.
Suitbert Mollinger
Suitbert Godfrey Mollinger (April 19, 1828 – June 15, 1892) was an American Roman Catholic priest in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who founded St. Anthony's Chapel in Troy Hill, one of the largest collections of religious relics in the world. Pastor of Most Holy Name Parish from 1868 until his death, he gained national and international renown for his reputed healing abilities, attracting pilgrims from across the United States and abroad.

Saint Anthony's Chapel (Pittsburgh)
Saint Anthony's Chapel (styled in some parish and diocesan sources as Saint Anthony Chapel) is a Catholic chapel in the Troy Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh and is notable for its vast collection of relics.