hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Microstructured optical arrays
Microstructured optical arrays (MOAs) are instruments for focusing x-rays. MOAs use total external reflection at grazing incidence from an array of small channels to bring x-rays to a common focus. This method of focusing means that MOAs exhibit low absorption. MOAs are used in applications that require x-ray focal spots in the order of few micrometers or below, such as radiobiology of individual cells. Current MOA-based focusing optics designs have two consecutive array components in order to reduce comatic aberration.

X-ray optics
X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

X-rays and visible light are both electromagnetic waves, and propagate in space in the same way, but because of the much higher frequency and photon energy of X-rays they interact with matter very differently. Visible light is easily redirected using lenses and mirrors, but because the real part of the complex refractive index of all materials is very close to 1 for X-rays, they instead tend to initially penetrate and eventually get absorbed in most materials without significant change of direction.
George's Schoolhouse Raid
The George's Schoolhouse Raid was a Confederate partisan raid led by local guerrilla John Mobberly on the Union garrison at Lovettsville in Loudoun County, Virginia on January 17, 1865, during the American Civil War. The raid was tactically inconclusive.  After surprising the sleeping garrison, the Confederates were driven away by superior force, taking with them only a few horses and prisoners.  The raid is notable for being the last partisan action in Loudoun County involving Elijah V. White's 35th Virginia Cavalry Battalion.

John Mobberly
John W. Mobberly, also known as John Mobley  or Morbly, (c. 1844 – April 5, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla who operated in the Loudoun Valley and Between the Hills region of Loudoun County, Virginia during the American Civil War. He also served as regular soldier in Elijah V. White's 35th Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, nicknamed the "Comanches." Mobberly is sometimes reported as serving under John Mosby, although this is not grounded in fact.  His legacy is surrounded in controversy as Federal soldiers and Union sympathizers in Loudoun County accused him of committing war atrocities, including slave-rustling, while pro-Southern Loudoun residents claimed him to be a hero, second only to Mosby in local popularity.
Alpette
Alpette (Piedmontese: J'Alpëtte, Franco-Provençal: La Alpete) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Turin.

Alpette borders the following municipalities: Pont Canavese, Sparone, Cuorgnè, and Canischio.

Cuorgnè
Cuorgnè (Italian pronunciation: [kworˈɲɛ]; Piedmontese: Corgnè [kʊrˈɲɛ] or Coergnè [kwərˈɲɛ]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Turin.

Cuorgnè is located at the mouth of the Orco Valley, and borders the following municipalities: Castellamonte, Pont Canavese, Borgiallo, Chiesanuova, Alpette, San Colombano Belmonte, Canischio, Valperga, and Prascorsano.

Curgné originated in the Middle Ages after the ancient town of Canava was destroyed by a flood of the Orco River (1030). Later it was held by Arduin of Ivrea's descendants, and, later, by the House of Savoy. It received the status of city in 1932. Sights include the Archaeological Museum of Canavese (with findings from the nearby area, in particular from the Neolithic Age) and the Sacro Monte di Belmonte, located in Valperga, a few kilometers outside the town.
1957 Merdeka Tournament
The first edition of the Merdeka Tournament was held in August and September 1957 in Malaya (now Malaysia). It was won by Hong Kong League XI. Singapore won a consolation tournament for teams that did not qualify for the final round.

Merdeka Tournament
Merdeka Tournament (Malay: Pestabola Merdeka) is an international friendly football tournament held in Malaysia to commemorate the Independence Day. It is mainly played at Independence Stadium, in Kuala Lumpur. "Merdeka" is the Malay word (borrowed from Sanskrit) for independence or freedom. As of 2024, the tournament has been held 43 times, though with decreasing frequency in recent decades.

The Merdeka Tournament is the oldest invitational football tournament in Asia, and the matches in the tournament are considered International "A" matches (Friendly match) by FIFA.
Ukraine national under-21 football team
The Ukraine national under-21 football team is also known as Youth [football] team of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Молодіжна збірна України) is one of junior national football teams of Ukraine for participation in under-21 international competitions. The team is managed by the Ukrainian Association of Football staff, committee of national teams. The team participates in qualifications to the Olympic competitions and the continental (UEFA) U-21 competitions.

Their first game the team played was on 28 October 1992. Its first competition the team entered in 1994 the qualification round for the 1996 European Under-21 Championship. The team has qualified for a tournament twice. The under-21s not only qualified for the 2006 European Under-21 Championship, but also reached the final, where they lost to Netherlands on 4 June 2006 by 3–0. The under-21s also qualified to the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship that was held in Denmark.

Albania national under-21 football team
The Albania national under-21 football team is the national under-21 football team of Albania and is controlled by the Football Association of Albania. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which is held every two years.

Following the realignment of UEFA's youth competitions in 1976, the Albanian under-21 team was formed.
Daulat Rao Sindhia
Daulat Rao Scindia (1779 – 21 March 1827) also conferred with the title "The defender of Delhi" was the Maharaja of Gwalior state in central India from 1794 until his death in 1827. His reign coincided with struggles for supremacy within the Maratha Empire, and wars with the expanding East India Company. Daulatrao played a significant role in the Second Anglo-Maratha War and Third Anglo-Maratha War. While most Indian rulers had accepted British rule, Scindia's kingdom maintained its independence even as late as 1832 and continued collecting Chauth (taxes) from other neighbouring states (including the Mughals) and dependent Kingdoms till 1886.

Battle of Argaon
The Battle of Argaon (also known as Battle of Argaum) took place on 29 November 1803, between the British under the command of Major-General Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) and the forces of the Bhonsles of Berar and the Scindias of Gwalior.
Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue
The Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue (Hebrew: אֲגֻדָּת־הַקְּהִלּוֹת, lit. 'Union of the communities') is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 10 rue Pavée, in Le Marais quarter, in the IVe arrondissement of Paris, France. The synagogue is commonly referred to as the Pavée synagogue, rue Pavée synagogue, or Guimard synagogue, and was completed in 1914, designed by Hector Guimard in the Art Nouveau style. The congregation worships in the Ashzenazi rite, led by Rav Moredekhai Rottenberg, the son of the late Rav Haim Yaakov Rottenberg, known as the Rouv. The synagogue is open to the public.

The Marais
The Marais (Le Marais French: [lə maʁɛ] ⓘ; "the marsh") is a historic district in Paris, France. It spreads across parts of the 3rd and 4th arrondissements on the Rive Droite, or Right Bank, of the Seine. Having once been an aristocratic district, it is home to many buildings of historic and architectural importance. It lost its status as a fashionable district in the late 18th century, with only minor nobles calling the area home. After the French Revolution, the district fell into disrepair and was abandoned by nobility. After a long period of decay, the district has undergone transformation in recent years and is now once again amongst the more fashionable areas of Paris, known for its art galleries, upscale restaurants and museums.
Daewoo Precision Industries K3
The Daewoo Precision Industries K3 is a South Korean light machine-gun. It is the third indigenous firearm developed in South Korea by the Agency for Defense Development, following the K1 and K2 assault rifles. It is manufactured by Daewoo Precision Industries, current SNT Motiv. The K3 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington rounds like the K2 assault rifle. The K3 light machine gun entered service in 1989, replacing the M60 machine gun in frontline use.

This machine gun will be replaced by SNT Motiv K15 from its service since 2022.

Daewoo Precision Industries K2
Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle is the service rifle of the South Korean military. It was developed by the South Korean Agency for Defense Development and manufactured by SNT Motiv (formerly Daewoo Precision Industries) and Dasan Machineries (since 2016). Shoulder-fired and gas-operated, the K2 is capable of firing both 5.56×45mm NATO and .223 Remington ammunition; however, using .223 Remington is only recommended for practicing for short distance.

The K2 supplanted the M16A1 assault rifle as the primary infantry weapon for the South Korean military since its adoption in 1985, though the former remains in service with reservists.
Pankaj Parashar
Pankaj Parashar is an Indian film and television director. Among his most-known are police-thriller Jalwa (1987) starring Naseeruddin Shah, ChaalBaaz (1989), and television detective series Karamchand (1985). He also makes television commercials, corporate films and documentaries.

Himalay Putra
Himalay Putra (transl. Son of the Himalayas) is a 1997 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Pankaj Parashar and produced by Vinod Khanna. The film stars Vinod Khanna, Hema Malini, Akshaye Khanna (in his acting debut), Anjala Zaveri, Shazia Malik, Danny Denzongpa, and Amrish Puri.
Santi Quattro Coronati
Santi Quattro Coronati is an ancient titular and conventual minor basilica and Augustinian convent in Rome, Italy. The church dates back to the fourth or fifth century, and is devoted to  four anonymous saints and martyrs. The complex of the basilica with its two courtyards, the fortified Cardinal Palace with the Saint Silvester Chapel, and the monastery with its cosmatesque cloister is built in a silent and green part of Rome, between the Colosseum and San Giovanni in Laterano.

Pope Leo IV
Pope Leo IV (died 17 July 855) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 10 April 847 to his death in 855. He is remembered for repairing Roman churches that had been damaged during the Arab raid against Rome, and for building the Leonine Wall around Vatican Hill to protect the city. Pope Leo organized a league of Italian cities who fought and won the sea Battle of Ostia against the Saracens.
Washington International School
The Washington International School (abbreviated as WIS; Spanish: Colegio Internacional de Washington; French: École Internationale de Washington) is a private international school in Washington, DC.

Established in 1966, WIS was the first school in the Washington area to offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) program.

The school has two campuses: the primary school (grades PK–5) in Georgetown, and the middle and upper school (grades 6–12) in Cleveland Park. The middle and upper school campus is located on the grounds of Marjorie Merriweather Post's Tregaron Estate.

The Washington International School's upper school was ranked as the 73rd most challenging high school in the country and the most challenging high school in the Washington, D.C., area by the Washington Post's "Ranking America's most challenging high schools" article in 2016. Popular school ranking website Niche listed it as the eighth best private high school in the D.C. area.

Cleveland Park
Cleveland Park is a residential neighborhood in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C.
It is located at  and bounded approximately by Rock Creek Park to the east, Wisconsin and Idaho Avenues to the west, Klingle and Woodley Roads to the south, and Rodman and Tilden Streets to the north. Its main commercial corridor lies along Connecticut Avenue NW, where the eponymous Cleveland Park station of the Washington Metro's Red Line can be found; another commercial corridor lies along Wisconsin Avenue. The neighborhood is known for its many late 19th century homes and the historic Art Deco Uptown Theater. It is also home to the William L. Slayton House and the Park and Shop, built in 1930 and one of the earliest strip malls.

It is named after Grover Cleveland, who owned property in the area.
Paramount Domestic Television
Paramount Domestic Television (PDT) was the television distribution arm of American television production company Paramount Television, once the television arm of Paramount Pictures. It was formed in 1982 originally as Paramount Domestic Television and Video Programming, the successor to Paramount Television Domestic Distribution, Paramount Television Sales, and Desilu Sales, and was rebranded as CBS Paramount Domestic Television on April 24, 2006.

Big Ticket Entertainment
Big Ticket Television, Inc. (also known as Big Ticket Entertainment and Big Ticket Pictures) is an American production company. Big Ticket is a subsidiary of CBS Studios (formerly CBS Paramount Television and CBS Television Studios), a division of Paramount Skydance Corporation founded on October 21, 1994. It is best known for producing the syndicated mainstay Judge Judy from 1996 to 2021.
Belton flintlock
The Belton flintlock was a repeating flintlock design using superposed loads, conceived by Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, resident Joseph Belton some time prior to 1777. The musket design was offered by Belton to the newly formed Continental Congress in 1777. Belton wrote that the musket could fire eight rounds with one loading, and that he could support his claims "by experimental proof." Belton failed to sell the musket to Congress, and later was unable to sell the design to the British Army a year after the American Revolution. There are no records that indicate that the gun was ever supplied, and it is uncertain if or how exactly the Belton improvement operated.

Superposed load
A superposed load or stacked charge or  superimposed load is a method used by various muzzle-loading firearms, from matchlocks to caplocks, including  a few modern weapons, such as Metal Storm, to fire multiple shots from a single barrel without reloading. In a sense, superposed load guns were the first automatic firearms, as they fired multiple shots per pull of the trigger.
Faceting
In geometry, faceting (also spelled facetting) is the process of removing parts of a polygon, polyhedron or polytope, without creating any new vertices.

New edges of a faceted polyhedron may be created along face diagonals or internal space diagonals. A faceted polyhedron will have two faces on each edge and creates new polyhedra or compounds of polyhedra.

Faceting is the reciprocal or dual process to stellation. For every stellation of some convex polytope, there exists a dual faceting of the dual polytope.

Polytope compound
In geometry, a polyhedral compound is a figure that is composed of several polyhedra sharing a common centre.  They are the three-dimensional analogs of polygonal compounds such as the hexagram.

The outer vertices of a compound can be connected to form a convex polyhedron called its convex hull. A compound is a faceting of its convex hull.

Another convex polyhedron is formed by the small central space common to all members of the compound. This polyhedron can be used as the core for a set of stellations.
Michelle Scully
Michelle Elizabeth Scully is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Kate Keltie. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 October 1999 when she and her family moved into Ramsay Street. Michelle departed in 2003, but made a brief return in 2004, before departing again on 21 April 2004. Keltie reprised the role in a guest appearance on 4 December 2023.

Lori Lee
Lori Lee is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Michelle Ang. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 November 2002. Ang departed in 2003 but returned the following year to reprise her role. She made her last screen appearance as Lori on 20 November 2004.
Psychrometrics
Psychrometrics (or psychrometry, from Greek  ψυχρόν (psuchron) 'cold' and  μέτρον (metron) 'means of measurement'; also called hygrometry) is the field of engineering concerned with the physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures.

Wet-bulb temperature
The wet-bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached under current ambient conditions by the evaporation of water only. It is defined as the temperature of a parcel of air cooled to saturation (100% relative humidity) by the evaporation of water into it, with the latent heat supplied by the parcel. A wet-bulb thermometer indicates a temperature close to the true (thermodynamic) wet-bulb temperature.

More formally, the wet-bulb temperature is the temperature an air parcel would have if cooled adiabatically to saturation at constant pressure by evaporation of water into it, all latent heat being supplied by the parcel. At 100% relative humidity, the wet-bulb temperature is equal to the air temperature (dry-bulb temperature); at lower humidity the wet-bulb temperature is lower than dry-bulb temperature because of evaporative cooling.
Nettbuss Telemark
Øst-Telemark Automobilselskap AS (ØTA) was a bus company based in Notodden, Norway. It was taken over by NSB Biltrafikk on 1 May 1998, and was renamed Nettbuss Telemark AS in 2000. In 2005 it was merged into Nettbuss Drammen.

On 4 August 1997, it launched the TIMEkspressen hourly coach service from Notodden to Oslo. Nettbuss later made this a national brand for its hourly intercity coach services. In 1998, the company's owners, Gjermund Jamtveit and Halvor Grene, also started the train company TIMEtoget, that attempted to operate the Bratsberg Line on a similar, hourly concept.

Timetoget
Timetoget Bratsbergbanen AS, trading as Timetoget ("the Hourly Train"), is a defunct railway company that tried to start operating passenger trains on the Bratsberg Line in Norway. The concept was launched in 1998, and in 1999 an agreement was made with the incumbent, Norwegian State Railways (NSB), to start operation in 2000. The founders were Gjermund Jamtveit and Halvor Grene, while NSB owned a third of the company. The company bought three used Y1 railcars from Sweden.

NSB soon bought all the shares of the company, and also made an agreement that operations on the Arendal Line would be taken over by Timetoget. However, the new company tried to take a short-cut in giving engineers only a six-week training program, instead of the usual 18 months. This made NSB want to discontinue operations. They bought out the rest of the shareholders, and liquidated the company. Timetoget never ran anything but trials on the Bratsberg Line.
Nkasi District
Nkasi District (formerly Nkansi District) is one of the three districts of the Rukwa Region of Tanzania, with its headquarters in the village of Namanyere.  It is bordered to the north by the Mpanda District of Katavi Region; to the east by the Sumbawanga District; to the south by the Sumbawanga Rural District and Zambia; and to the west by Lake Tanganyika across from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The district covers 13,124 square kilometres (5,067 sq mi). As of 2022, the population of the Nkasi District was 425,420.

Sumbawanga District
Sumbawanga Urban District is one of the four districts in the Rukwa Region of Tanzania.  It is bordered to the north by Lake Rukwa, to the east by the Mbeya Region, to the south by the Sumbawanga Rural District and to the west by the Nkasi District.  The district (and regional) capital is Sumbawanga.

According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Sumbawanga Urban District was 209,793.
Francisco de Almeida
Dom Francisco de Almeida (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku ðɨ alˈmɐjðɐ]; c. 1450 – 1 March 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1505 he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India (Estado da Índia). Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida returned to Portugal he lost his life in a conflict with indigenous people at the Cape of Good Hope in 1510. His only son Lourenço de Almeida had previously been killed in the Battle of Chaul.

John II of Portugal
John II (Portuguese: João II; [ʒuˈɐ̃w]; 3 May 1455 – 25 October 1495), called the Perfect Prince (Portuguese: o Príncipe Perfeito), was King of Portugal from 1481 until his death in 1495, and also for a brief time in 1477. He is known for reestablishing the power of the Portuguese monarchy, reinvigorating the economy of Portugal, and renewing the Portuguese exploration of Africa and Asia.
1997 Auckland Warriors season
The Auckland Warriors 1997 season was the Auckland Warriors 3rd first-grade season. The club competed in Australasia's Super League. The coach of the team was John Monie until he was replaced by Frank Endacott after Round 9 while Matthew Ridge was the club's captain.

John Monie
John Stephen Monie (born 6 October 1946) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He is probably best known for his coaching career where he won premierships in both Australia and England.
Berserker (EP)
Berserker is an EP, the final release by the Austin, Texas, noise rock band Scratch Acid. The songs can also be found as tracks 22–27 on the compilation album The Greatest Gift.

Berserker reached #7 in the UK Indie Chart.

The Greatest Gift (Scratch Acid album)
The Greatest Gift is a posthumously released compilation album by the American noise rock band Scratch Acid. It contains all of the material they released throughout their career, in chronological order of release.