hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ballista
The ballista (Latin, from Greek βαλλίστρα ballistra and that from βάλλω ballō, "throw"), plural ballistae or ballistas, sometimes called bolt thrower, was an ancient projectile weapon that launched either bolts or stones at a distant target.

Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using two levers with torsion springs instead of a tension prod (the bow part of a modern crossbow). The springs consisted of several loops of twisted skeins. Early versions projected heavy darts or spherical stone projectiles of various sizes for siege warfare. It developed into a smaller precision weapon, the scorpio, and possibly the polybolos.

Gastraphetes
The gastraphetes (Koine Greek: γαστραφέτης, lit. 'belly-releaser'), also called belly bow or belly shooter, was a hand-held crossbow used by the Ancient Greeks. It was described in the 1st century by the Greek author Heron of Alexandria in his work Belopoeica, which draws on an earlier account of the famous Greek engineer Ctesibius (fl. 285–222 BC). Heron identifies the gastraphetes as the forerunner of the later catapult, which places its invention some unknown time before c. 420 BC.

Unlike later Roman and medieval crossbows, spanning the weapon was not done by pulling up the string but by pushing down a slider mechanism.
2024 Pan American Wushu Championships
The 2024 Pan American Wushu Championships was the 14th edition of the Pan American Wushu Championships. It was held at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, California, United States from August 29 to September 2, 2024. It ran adjacent to the Pan American Junior Wushu Championships and the 1st Pan American Open Wushu Tournament. All the events of the adult competition took place on August 31.

The competition was organized by the United States of America Wushu Kungfu Federation under Anthony Goh.

United States of America Wushu Kungfu Federation
The United States of America Wushu Kungfu Federation (USAWKF) is the governing body of wushu-kungfu in the United States. The USAWKF manages and selects the members of the US Wushu Team to compete in various international competitions including the World Wushu Championships, World Junior Wushu Championships, World Kungfu Championships, and the World Taijiquan Championships. The USAWKF also develops regional and national activities relating to Wushu, and has had great influence on how wushu taolu and sanda events are run in the United States. The USAWKF is a member of the Pan-American Wushu Federation (PAWF) and the International Wushu Federation (IWUF).
Dukes Terrace
Dukes Terrace is an historic terraced house in the English city of Liverpool, Merseyside. A Grade II listed building, the terrace, which includes nine homes, was built in 1843, and is the last of the back-to-back building style in Liverpool. Originally the home of the employees of wealthy merchants, the property was condemned in the 1930s but avoided demolition because the tenants did not want to leave the community. It had fallen into dereliction by the 1970s and lay vacant for over thirty years. The building was restored and converted into apartments and housing in 2003.

The terrace is part of the Duke Street Conservation Area in the Georgian Quarter of the city centre that was built to service the "Old Dock" of 1715.

A statue of William Huskisson (1770–1830) stands in the car park in front of the terrace. Huskisson reportedly became the first railway passenger casualty when he was run over and fatally wounded by Robert Stephenson's pioneering locomotive Rocket.

Georgian Quarter, Liverpool
The Georgian Quarter (sometimes known as Canning or the Canning Georgian Quarter) is an area on the eastern edge of Liverpool city centre, England, characterised by almost entirely residential Georgian architecture. Parts of the district are also included in Liverpool's Knowledge Quarter. It borders the rest of the Knowledge Quarter to the north, the district of Toxteth to the south, Edge Hill to the east and Ropewalks, Chinatown and the Baltic Triangle to the west. The name 'Canning' comes from one of its principal thoroughfares, Canning Street, which is named after George Canning, (1770–1827), a British politician who served as Foreign Secretary and, briefly, Prime Minister.
Ponso
Ponso is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Padua. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,435 and an area of 10.9 square kilometres (4.2 sq mi).

The municipality of Ponso contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Bresega and Chiesazza.

Ponso borders the following municipalities: Carceri, Ospedaletto Euganeo, Piacenza d'Adige, Santa Margherita d'Adige, Vighizzolo d'Este.

Among its buildings is the 17th-century Villa Francanzani.

Vighizzolo d'Este
Vighizzolo d'Este is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Padua in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of Venice and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Padua.

Vighizzolo d'Este borders the following municipalities: Carceri, Este, Piacenza d'Adige, Ponso, Sant'Urbano, Villa Estense.
Alaska Coastal Airlines
Alaska Coastal Airlines was an airline in the United States. It was formed in 1939 as a result of the merger of Alaska Air Transport and Marine Airways. On April 1, 1962, Alaska Coastal Airlines merged with Ellis Air Lines, trading for a while as Alaska Coastal-Ellis Airlines. Alaska Coastal Airlines was taken over by Alaska Airlines in April 1968.

Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker
The Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker was a six-seat utility aircraft, built primarily in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. It was a development of the Bellanca CH-200, fitted with a more powerful engine and, like the CH-200, soon became renowned for its long-distance endurance.
La Prairie Center, Illinois
La Prairie Center is an unincorporated community in La Prairie Township, Marshall County, Illinois, United States. La Prairie Center is located at the junction of County Routes 9 and 13, 9.4 miles (15.1 km) west of Lacon.

Marshall County, Illinois
Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 11,742. Its county seat is Lacon. Marshall County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area.
Avenue C (Manhattan)
Avenue C is a north-south avenue located in the Alphabet City area of the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, east of Avenue B and west of Avenue D. It is also known as Loisaida Avenue. It starts at South Street, proceeding north as Montgomery Street and Pitt Street, before intersecting East Houston Street and assuming its proper name. Avenue C ends at 23rd Street, running nearly underneath the FDR Drive from 18th Street. North of 14th Street, the road forms the eastern boundary of Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village.

Avenue D (Manhattan)
Avenue D is the easternmost named avenue in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, east of Avenue C and west of the FDR Drive. It runs through East 13th and Houston Streets, and continues south of Houston Street as Columbia Street until petering out at Grand Street. Avenues A, B, C and D are the origin of the name of the section of the East Village neighborhood through which they run, Alphabet City.
Anzhu Islands
The Anzhu Islands or Anjou Islands (Russian: Oстрова Анжу, romanized: Ostrova Anzhu; Yakut: Анжу арыыларa, romanized: Anju arıılara) are an archipelago and geographical subgroup of the New Siberian Islands archipelago. They are located between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea in the Arctic Ocean, being separated from the Lyakhovsky Islands by the Sannikov Strait.

Sannikov Strait
Sannikov Strait (пролив Санникова; proliv Sannikova) is a 50 km-wide strait in Russia. It separates Anzhu Islands from Lyakhovsky Islands, and connects the Laptev Sea in the west with the East Siberian Sea in the east. It is named after Russian explorer Yakov Sannikov.
Kevin Arbet
Kevin Arbet (born March 26, 1981) is an American former football cornerback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (NFL) and the Arena Football League (AFL)'s San Jose SaberCats. His uncle, Darren Arbet was the head coach of the SaberCats.

Darren Arbet
Darren Arbet (born November 26, 1962) is an American football coach who is the head coach of the Nashville Kats of Arena Football One. He was the head coach of the San Jose SaberCats of the Arena Football League (AFL) from 1999 to 2015 and had a record of 169–73, including four titles: ArenaBowl XVI, ArenaBowl XVIII, ArenaBowl XXI, and ArenaBowl XXVIII.
Jimma
Jimma (Oromo: Jimmaa) is the largest city in southwestern Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is a special zone of the Oromia Region and is surrounded by Jimma Zone. It has a latitude and longitude of 7°40′N 36°50′E﻿ / ﻿7.667°N 36.833°E﻿ / 7.667; 36.833. Prior to the 2007 census, Jimma was reorganized administratively as a special Zone.

Aba Segud Airport
Aba Jifar Airport (IATA: JIM, ICAO: HAJM), also known as Jimma Airport, is a public airport serving Jimma, a city in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The airport is located 2.5 km (1.6 miles) southwest of the city.
Bivin of Gorze
Bivin of Gorze (810/830 – 863) was a Frankish nobleman, regarded as the founder of the Bivinid family. He was married to a daughter of Boso the Elder, who may have been called Richildis. During his life he functioned as lay abbot of the Gorze Abbey. His offspring includes:

Richilde of Provence, who married King Charles the Bald

Richard the Justiciar, Duke of Burgundy, father of a king of France

Boso, King of Provence

possibly Bivin, Count of Metz.

Boso the Elder
Boso the Elder (c. 800 – c. 855), also known as Boson the Elder, was a Frankish nobleman and the earliest known ancestor of the Bosonid dynasty, a prominent aristocratic family in the Carolingian Empire. He held the title of Count of Turin, and was also associated with the region of Valois. Through his children and grandchildren, Boso became the progenitor of a noble lineage that played a key role in the politics of 9th-century West Francia, Burgundy, and Provence.
Wired logic connection
A wired logic connection is a logic gate that implements boolean algebra (logic) using only passive components such as diodes and resistors. A wired logic connection can create an AND or an OR gate. Limitations include the inability to create a NOT gate, the lack of amplification to provide level restoration, and its constant ohmic heating for most logic (particularly more than CMOS) which indirectly limits density of components and speed.

Wired logic works by exploiting the high impedance of open collector outputs (and its variants: open emitter, open drain, or open source) by just adding a pull-up or pull-down resistor to a voltage source, or can be applied to push-pull outputs by using diode logic (with the disadvantage of incurring a diode drop voltage loss).

Logic level
In digital circuits, a logic level is one of a finite number of states that a digital signal can inhabit. Logic levels are usually represented by the voltage difference between the signal and ground, although other standards exist. The range of voltage levels that represent each state depends on the logic family being used.
A logic-level shifter can be used to allow compatibility between different circuits.
Tourism in Assam
Assam is the main and oldest state in the North-East Region of India and as the gateway to the rest of the Seven Sister States. The land of red river and blue hills, Assam comprises three main geographical areas: the Brahmaputra Valley which stretching along the length of the Brahmaputra river, the Barak Valley extending like a tail, and the intervening Karbi Plateau and North Cachar Hills. Assam shares its border with Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and West Bengal; and there are National Highways leading to their capital cities. It also shares international borders with Bhutan and Bangladesh and is very close to Myanmar. In ancient times Assam was known as Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotishpura, and Kamarupa.

6th International Tourism Mart 2017 began in Guwahati on 5 December 2017.

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (IATA: GAU, ICAO: VEGT), or Guwahati Airport, is an international airport serving the largest city of Assam and the capital of the state within it, Guwahati and Dispur, in India. It is the primary airport of Northeast India. It is located at Borjhar, 26 km (16 mi) from Dispur and 28 km (18 mi) from Guwahati. It is named after Gopinath Bordoloi, an independence activist and the first Chief Minister of Assam after India's independence. The airport is managed by the Airports Authority of India and also serves as an Indian Air Force base.
Chibabava District
Chibabava District is a district of Sofala Province in Mozambique. The principal town is 
Chibabava. The district is located in the south of the province, and borders with Buzi District in the north, Machanga District in the southeast, with Machaze and Mossurize Districts of Manica Province in the west, and with Sussundenga District of Manica Province in the northwest. The area of the district is 6,977 square kilometres (2,694 sq mi). It has a population of 101,667 as of 2007.

Machanga District
Machanga District is a district of Sofala Province in Mozambique. The principal town is Machanga. The district is located in the south of the province, and borders with Buzi District in the north, Mabote and Govuro Districts of Inhambane Province in the south, Machaze District of Manica Province in the west, and with Chibabava District in the northwest. In the east, the district is limited by the Indian Ocean. The area of the district is 5,940 square kilometres (2,290 sq mi). It has a population of 51,855 as of 2007.
Hellenic Parliament
37°58′31″N 23°44′13″E﻿ / ﻿37.97528°N 23.73694°E﻿ / 37.97528; 23.73694

The Parliament of the Hellenes (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων, romanized: Voulí ton Ellínon), commonly known as the Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Ελληνικό Κοινοβούλιο, romanized: Ellinikó Koinovoúlio), is the unicameral legislature of Greece, located in the Old Royal Palace, overlooking Syntagma Square in Athens. The parliament is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Parliament (MPs).

It is a unicameral legislature of 300 members, elected for a four-year term. From 1844–1863 and from 1927–1935, the parliament was bicameral with an upper house (the Senate; Greek: Γερουσία, romanized: Gerousía) and a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies; Βουλή των Αντιπροσώπων, Voulí ton Antiprosópon). Several important Greek statesmen have served as the speaker of the Hellenic Parliament.

Special Highest Court
In Greece, the Special Highest Court, (Greek: Ανώτατο Ειδικό Δικαστήριο) is provided for in the article 100 of the Constitution of Greece. It is not a permanent court and it sits only when a case belonging to its special competence arises. It is regarded as the supreme "constitutional" and "electoral" court of Greece. Its decisions are irrevocable and binding for all the courts, including the Supreme Courts. However, the Special Highest Court does not have an hierarchical relation with the three Supreme Courts (the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece, the Council of State and the Court of Audit). It is not considered higher than these courts and it does not belong to any branch (civil, penal, administrative) of the Greek justice system.
El Comercio Group
El Comercio Group (GEC) is a Peruvian media conglomerate that owns multiple newspapers, television stations and other entities. The largest media conglomerate in Peru and one of the largest in South America, El Comercio Group is owned by the Miró Quesada family.

El Comercio (Peru)
El Comercio is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is considered a newspaper of record and one of the most influential media in Peru.
Nena
Gabriele Susanne Kerner (born 24 March 1960), better known by her stage name Nena, is a German singer who rose to international fame in 1983 as the lead vocalist of the band Nena with the Neue Deutsche Welle song "99 Luftballons". In that same year, the band re-recorded this song in English as "99 Red Balloons". Nena's re-recording of some of the band's old hit songs as a solo artist, produced by the co-composer of most of them, her former Nena band colleague and keyboard player Uwe Fahrenkrog-Petersen, rekindled her solo career in 2002. Combined with the success of the Nena band years, she has sold over 25 million records, making her the most successful German pop singer in chart history.

Made in Germany (Nena album)
Made in Germany is a studio album by German pop singer Nena, released by Laugh and Peas on 2 October 2009 in German-speaking Europe. It reached No. 3 on the German charts, and the first single, "Wir sind wahr", was well received. The album was certified gold on 24 April 2010. It combines alternative rock with electropop on songs like "SchönSchönSchön", "Dreh dich" and "Geheimnis", while songs like "Es gibt keine Sicherheit", "Wir sind wahr" and "Made in Germany" are in the more familiar Nena style of pop rock. In April 2010, Nena embarked on an international Made in Germany Tour to support the album.
Gao Empire
The Gao Empire was a kingdom that ruled the Niger bend from approximately the 7th century CE until their fall to the Mali Empire in the late 14th century. Ruled by the Za dynasty from the capital of Gao, the empire was an important predecessor of  the Songhai Empire.

Gao-Saney
Gao-Saney, also spelled Gao-Sane, is an archaeological site near Gao in Mali. It was almost certainly the town known in historical accounts as Sarneh.

Gao-Saney is a large settlement mound seven km distant from the royal town of Gao, and is thought to be the site of the ancient trading center. The site has produced extensive archaeological evidence from its first millennium occupation, with proposed chronology between 700 and 1100 CE. In modern day, the Gao region is too dry to sustain year-round habitation without digging deep wells, leading to speculation about different climate conditions, perhaps with increased rainfall, at the time of Gao's first millennium occupation.

Gao-Saney excavations demonstrate involvement of the site in glass and copper trade networks during the eighth to tenth centuries on a scale only exceeded by Igbo-Ukwu among known sub-Saharan sites.
Maungakotukutuku
Maungakotukutuku is a rural locality on the Kāpiti Coast of New Zealand's North Island. It is located inland, behind Paraparaumu and Raumati.

The Maungakōtukutuku Stream and Wharemauku Stream both have their headwaters in the Maungakotukutuku area. Maungakotukutuku Valley has been considered as a possible site for a dam to boost the Kāpiti Coast's water supply.  The hilly areas, often called "the Maungatooks" by locals, have tracks popular with trampers, mountain and dirt bikers, and horse riders.

Maungakōtukutuku Stream
The Maungakōtukutuku Stream is a stream on the Kāpiti Coast of New Zealand's North Island.  Its headwaters are in the Maungakotukutuku area and it is a tributary of the Waikanae River.  Consideration has been given to damming the stream in order to increase the Kāpiti Coast's water supply.
Ministerial Code
The Ministerial Code is a document setting out "rules" and standards for government ministers of the United Kingdom. Separate codes exist for ministers of the Scottish Government, the Northern Ireland Executive (based on the St Andrews Agreement) and the Welsh Government.

Such codes of conduct for ministers are amongst a range of initiatives designed to respond to perceptions of the erosion of ministerial ethics and accountability, and to preserve public trust in the institutions of cabinet government.

Special adviser (United Kingdom)
A Special Adviser, also known as a SpAd, is a temporary civil servant who advises and assists UK government ministers or ministers in the Scottish and Welsh devolved governments. They differ from impartial civil servants in that they are political appointees.

Special advisers are paid by the government and appointed under Section 15 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010. There are four pay bands for special advisers.
Sharga, Govi-Altai
Sharga (Mongolian: Шарга) is a sum (district) of Govi-Altai Province in western Mongolia. The area has one of the last two populations of the Mongolian saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica mongolica), which is protected in Sharga Nature Reserve. In 2009, its population was 1,921.

Sharga Nature Reserve
Sharga Nature Reserve (Mongolian: Шарга) is a reserve in Sharga, Govi-Altai Province, Mongolia. It has a total area of 2.860 km2. The reserve has been created in 1993 together with Mankhan Nature Reserve to protect the endangered Mongolian saiga.

46°00′00″N 94°30′00″E﻿ / ﻿46.000000°N 94.500000°E﻿ / 46.000000; 94.500000
Washington, New Hampshire
Washington is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 1,192 at the 2020 census. Situated in a hilly, rocky, forested area, and with 26 lakes and ponds, Washington is a picturesque resort area. It is home to Pillsbury State Park.

Pillsbury State Park
Pillsbury State Park is a state park located mainly in Washington and partially in Goshen, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is home to the headwaters of the Ashuelot River. It contains one of the more rustic campgrounds in the state park system, with no electricity and limited running water.  There are 40 campsites, most of which are reservable. Eleven of the sites are at "remote" locations, most of which are accessible by canoe. Hiking trails connect to the 51-mile-long (82 km) Monadnock-Sunapee Greenway trail.
Tangier International Zone
The Tangier International Zone (Arabic: منطقة طنجة الدولية, romanized: Minṭaqat Ṭanja ad-Duwaliyya; French: Zone internationale de Tanger; Spanish: Zona Internacional de Tánger) was a 382 km2 (147 sq mi) international zone centered on the city of Tangier, Morocco, which existed from 1925 until its reintegration into independent Morocco in 1956, with interruption during the Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945), and special economic status extended until early 1960. Surrounded on the land side by the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, it was governed under a unique and complex system that involved several European nations, the United States (mainly after 1945), and the Sultan of Morocco, himself under a French protectorate. Due to its status as an international zone, Tangier played a crucial role for Moroccan nationalists, who wanted independence, to establish international contacts and recruit allies as well as organising gatherings and events.

State Bank of Morocco
The State Bank of Morocco (French: Banque d'État du Maroc) was a quasi-central bank established in 1907 following the Algeciras Conference, to stabilize the Moroccan currency and serve as a vehicle for European and especially French influence in the Sultanate of Morocco. Following the independence of Morocco, it was replaced in 1959 by the newly created Banque du Maroc, known since 1987 as Bank Al-Maghrib.