hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Plas Cadnant
Plas Cadnant is an historic country estate in Menai Bridge on the Isle of Anglesey. The buildings were Grade II listed by Cadw in 1967. The Georgian house dates from 1803 when it was built by John Price as his family home.  The listed buildings also include Cadnant Lodge, at the entrance to the estate; a range of domestic outbuildings (which are thought to pre-date the Georgian house) and an icehouse.

Menai Bridge
Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy; usually referred to colloquially as Y Borth) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north-west Wales.  It overlooks the Menai Strait and lies by the Menai Suspension Bridge, built in 1826 by Thomas Telford, just over the water from Bangor. It has a population of 3,376.

There are many small islands near the town, including Church Island. The Menai Heritage Bridges Exhibition celebrates the Menai Suspension Bridge, built by Thomas Telford, and the Britannia Bridge, built by Robert Stephenson.
Dziećkowice
Dziećkowice (German: Dzietzkowitz) is a dzielnica (district) of Mysłowice, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It was previously an independent village, but was absorbed first by Tychy, and later in 1976 by Mysłowice.

It has an area of 13.04 km2 and in 2012 had a population of 1,461.

Mysłowice
Mysłowice [mɨswɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ⓘ (German: Myslowitz; Silesian: Myslowicy) is a city in Silesia in Poland, bordering Katowice. The population of the city as of 2022 is 72,124.

It is located in the core of the Metropolis GZM in the Silesian Highlands, on the Przemsza and Brynica rivers (tributaries of the Vistula). It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999, previously in the Katowice Voivodeship, and before then, the Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship. Mysłowice is one of the cities comprising the 2.7 million conurbation – Katowice urban area and within the greater Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a population of about 5,294,000.
Petri Net Markup Language
Petri Net Markup Language (PNML) is an interchange format aimed at enabling Petri net tools to exchange Petri net models. PNML is an XML-based syntax for high-level Petri nets, which is being designed as a standard interchange format for Petri net tools.
It will end up being the second part of the ISO standard ISO/IEC 15909.
PNML grammar is publicly available on its reference site.

The first part of this international standard, provides the mathematical definitions for high-level Petri nets.
These definitions are called the semantic model.

It also provides the graphical form definition, known as High-level Petri Net Graph (HLPNG), and its mapping to the semantic model.

As of December 2004, the first part is an international standard.

Petri net
A Petri net, also known as a place/transition net (PT net), is one of several mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems.  It is a class of discrete event dynamic system. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph that has two types of elements: places and transitions. Place elements are depicted as white circles and transition elements are depicted as rectangles. 
A place can contain any number of tokens, depicted as black circles. A transition is enabled if all places connected to it as inputs contain at least one token.
Like industry standards such as UML activity diagrams, Business Process Model and Notation, and event-driven process chains, Petri nets offer a graphical notation for stepwise processes that include choice, iteration, and concurrent execution. Unlike these standards, Petri nets have an exact mathematical definition of their execution semantics, with a well-developed mathematical theory for process analysis.
James R. Smith
James Roy Smith (1904 – September 7, 1986) was a water polo competitor for the University of Southern California from 1928 to 1932, and a Hall of Fame Water Polo Coach for Fullerton High School and Fullerton Jr. College from around 1932–1962. He coached a total of seven Olympians during his career. Serving on the United States Olympic and National AAU Water Polo Committees, in 1985 he received the Peter Uebberoth Award, America's top honor for achievement in the sport of Water Polo. He developed many of the modern rules which are used in competition today, authored three books on Water Polo, and helped design the yellow rubberized ball adopted by FINA in 1956 which greatly enhanced spectator interest in the sport.

Monte Nitzkowski
Kenneth Monfore "Monte" Nitzkowski (September 7, 1929 – July 28, 2016) was an American former competition swimmer, and water polo competitor for the University of California at Los Angeles, and a Hall of Fame water polo coach for Long Beach City College from 1952-1989, where he led his teams to 32 conference water polo championships in 34 years.  He served as a U.S. Olympic Water Polo team coach in 1968, 1972, 1980, and 1984, and was a Pan American Games coach for the U.S. team four times.
Asahi-ku, Osaka
Asahi (旭区, Asahi-ku) is one of 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. It is located in the northeast of the city, near the satellite town of Moriguchi. It was split off from Higashinari in 1932. Asahi-ku itself is further divided into the following areas (towns); Shimizu, Morishoji, Omiya, Nakamiya, Takadono, Akagawa, Ikue, Shinmori, Senbayashi, Taishibashi, and Imaichi.

Asahi-ku borders the Osaka wards of:

Higashiyodogawa

Miyakojima

Joto

Tsurumi

and the city of 
Moriguchi

Jōtō-ku, Osaka
Jōtō-ku (城東区, Jōtō-ku) is one of the 24 wards of Osaka, Japan. "Jōtō" literally means "east of the castle", referring to Osaka Castle. It was separated from Higashinari and Asahi in 1943, and eastern Jōtō became Tsurumi in 1974.

As of 2025, the population density is the second largest of a city-designated municipality in Japan, after Nishi Ward. Additionally, when the special wards of Tokyo are also included, it is the eighth densest ward overall after Toshima, Nakano, Sumida, Arakawa, Bunkyō and Taitō. In recent years, the construction of high-rise condominiums in the western and northern areas of Jōtō-ku has contributed to a steady population increase.
Sōzume Tō
The Sōzume Tō Site (惣爪塔跡, Sōzume Tō ato) is an archaeological site with the ruins of an Asuka period Buddhist temple located in the Sōzume neighbourhood of what is now Kita-ku in the city of Okayama, in the San'yō region of Japan. The temple no longer exists, but the temple grounds were designated as a National Historic Site in 1928.

Okayama
Okayama (岡山市, Okayama-shi; Japanese: [okaꜜjama]) is the capital city of Okayama Prefecture in the Chūgoku region of Japan. The Okayama metropolitan area, centered around the city, has the largest urban employment zone in the Chugoku region of western Japan. The city was founded on June 1, 1889. As of February 2023, the city has an estimated population of 700,940 and a population density of 890 people per km2. The total area is 789.95 square kilometres (305.00 square miles).

The city is the site of Kōraku-en, known as one of the top three traditional gardens in Japan, and Okayama Castle, which is ranked among the best 100 Japanese castles. The city is famous as the setting of the Japanese fable Momotarō. Okayama joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
World Customs Journal
The World Customs Journal is a peer-reviewed academic journal that is published twice a year. It was launched at the World Customs Organization's second annual PICARD conference, held in Brussels on 27-28 March 2007.

The World Customs Journal covers all aspects of the roles and responsibilities of customs. Special issues have covered the topics of supply chain security and trade facilitation.

The journal is published by the Centre for and Excise Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia, and the University of Münster, Germany, in association with the International Network of Customs Universities.

Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation.

Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws.
Tung Lo Wan Road
Tung Lo Wan Road (Chinese: 銅鑼灣道) is a road in Causeway Bay and Tai Hang on the north side of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. The road joins east with King's Road, Tin Hau Temple Road, Causeway Road and west with Yee Wo Street, Irving Street, Leighton Road and Causeway Road.

Tai Hang
Tai Hang (Chinese: 大坑; lit. 'The Big Water Channel') is an area southeast of Causeway Bay located in the mid-north of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is home to many luxurious private apartments. Residents are predominantly more affluent Hong Kong locals and expatriate professionals.
Stylidium graminifolium 'ST111'
Stylidium graminifolium 'ST111', also known under the tradename Tiny Trina, is a cultivar of Stylidium graminifolium that was selected for in 2001 by Todd Layt of Ozbreed Pty Ltd and granted cultivar status in 2005. Tiny Trina has a deeper pink flower colour and leaves that are a darker shade of green with varying leaf blade widths. It also begins to flower later in the season than the other S. graminifolium cultivar, Stylidium graminifolium 'ST116', known under the tradename Little Saphire.

Stylidium graminifolium 'ST116'
Stylidium graminifolium 'ST116', also known under its tradename Little Saphire, is a cultivar of Stylidium graminifolium that was selected for in 2001 by Todd Layt of Ozbreed Pty Ltd and granted cultivar status in 2005. Little Saphire is of a shorter stature, has shorter but wider leaves, larger flowers, and a deeper blue-green foliage colour than the parent species. It also begins to flower earlier in the season than the other S. graminifolium cultivar, Stylidium graminifolium 'ST111', also known under its tradename Tiny Trina.
Silvester Horne
Charles Silvester Horne (15 April 1865 – 2 May 1914) was a Congregational minister, Liberal MP for Ipswich, and a noted orator. He was the father of Kenneth Horne. Horne authored several books, including a history of the London Missionary Society and its global work.

Church Stretton
Church Stretton is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, 13 miles (21 km) south of Shrewsbury and 15 miles (24 km) north of Ludlow. The population of the parish as a whole in 2024 was given by ONS as 4469.

The town was nicknamed Little Switzerland in the late Victorian and Edwardian period for its landscape, and became a health resort. The local geology includes some of the oldest rocks in England and a notable fault is named after the town.

Church Stretton is in the Shropshire Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Transcription preinitiation complex
The preinitiation complex (abbreviated PIC) is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea.  The preinitiation complex positions RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in the RNA polymerase II active site for transcription.

The minimal PIC includes RNA polymerase II and six general transcription factors: TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH. Additional regulatory complexes (such as the mediator coactivator and chromatin remodeling complexes) may also be components of the PIC.

Preinitiation complexes are also formed during RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase III transcription.

RNA polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription.
Hazel Newlevant
Hazel Newlevant  is an American cartoonist and editor known for creating and editing comics about queer history, bisexuality, polyamory, and reproductive rights. Raised in Portland, Oregon, Newlevant lives in Queens, New York.

Ignatz Awards
The Ignatz Awards recognize outstanding achievements in comics and cartooning by small press creators or creator-owned projects published by larger publishers. They have been awarded each year at the Small Press Expo since 1997, (only skipping a year in 2001 due to the show's cancellation after the September 11 attacks). As of 2026, SPX has been held in either Bethesda, North Bethesda, or Silver Spring, Maryland.

The Ignatz Awards are named in honour of George Herriman and his strip Krazy Kat, which featured a brick-throwing mouse named Ignatz. The award itself is in the shape of a red brick sitting on a small wooden stand.
Loch Rimsdale
Loch Rimsdale is a loch in the Farr parish in Sutherland in the Highland Council Area of northern Scotland. It is located near the B871 main road. There are no settlements directly on the loch however  the hamlet of Gearnsary and the Farmstead of Rimsdale are very nearby. The loch is used as both a reservoir and as one of few salmon fishery areas in Highland.

Loch Badanloch
Loch Badanloch is a loch in Sutherland in the Highland Council Area of northern Scotland.

The settlement on the lake is Bandanloch Lodge. The hamlet of Gearnsary is nearby. The loch is used as both a reservoir and as a Highland salmon fishery.
Wax Museum of Lourdes
The Wax Museum of Lourdes (French: Musée de Cire de Lourdes) is a wax museum located in the city of Lourdes, France. Located near the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, it is a themed museum about the Marian apparitions reported by Bernadette Soubirous in 1858.

The Wax Museum of Lourdes includes scenes of Christ with his apostles; the apparitions of the Virgin Mary to Saint Bernadette, and other life-size realistic figures of ancient times, all modeled by the experts of the Musée Grévin in Paris. The museum is one of the main tourist attractions in Lourdes and has received more than 2,000,000 visitors since its creation.

Musée Grévin
The Musée Grévin (French: [myze ɡʁevɛ̃]; Euronext: GREV) (English: Grévin Museum) is a wax museum located on the Grands Boulevards in the 9th arrondissement of Paris on the right bank of the Seine. The Musée Grévin also has a location in Seoul. Musée Grévin Montreal opened in 2013, and closed in 2021.
Robert Pember
Robert Pember (died 1560) was an English classical scholar. He was a reader in Greek at Trinity College, Cambridge and taught Roger Ascham Greek.

Robert Pember was of a Herefordshire family. He studied at Cambridge University, graduating B.A. in 1523/4 and M.A. in 1527. He became a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge in 1524. In 1546 he became one of the original fellows of Trinity College, and was a reader in Greek there until his death in 1560. He retained his post at Trinity in 1555 by subscribing to the Roman Catholic articles.

He died in 1560 at Trinity College.

Roger Ascham
Roger Ascham (/ˈæskəm/; c. 1515 – 30 December 1568) was an English scholar and didactic writer, famous for his prose style, his promotion of the vernacular, and his theories of education.  He served in the administrations of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, having earlier acted as Elizabeth's tutor in Greek and Latin between 1548 and 1550.
102nd United States Congress
The 102nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1991, to January 3, 1993, during the last two years of George H. W. Bush's presidency. This is the most recent Congress where Republicans held a Senate seat from California.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority.

Bob Walker (Pennsylvania politician)
Robert Smith Walker (born December 23, 1942) is an American educator and politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican for ten terms from 1977 until his retirement in 1997. He was best known for his fiery rhetoric and knowledge of parliamentary procedure.
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries, representing doctors, medical students, other health workers, and concerned people who share the goal of creating a more peaceful and secure world free from the threat of nuclear annihilation. The organization's headquarters is in Malden, Massachusetts. IPPNW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.

IPPNW affiliates are national medical organizations with a common commitment to the abolition of nuclear weapons and the prevention of war. Affiliates range in size from a handful of dedicated physicians and medical students to tens of thousands of activists and their supporters. As independent organizations within a global federation, IPPNW affiliates engage in a wide variety of activities related to war, health, social justice, and environmentalism.

Yevgeniy Chazov
Yevgeniy Ivanovich Chazov (Russian: Евгений Иванович Чазов; 10 June 1929 – 12 November 2021) was a physician of the Soviet Union and Russia, specializing in cardiology, Chief of the Fourth Directorate of the ministry of health, academic of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, a recipient of numerous awards and decorations, Soviet, Russian, and foreign.
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a public benefit corporation in New York State responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in Downstate New York, along with two counties in southwestern Connecticut under contract with the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT), carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its seven toll bridges and two tunnels per weekday.

Penn Central Transportation Company
The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American class I railroad that operated from 1968 to 1976. Penn Central combined three traditional corporate rivals (the Pennsylvania, New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads), each of which were united by large-scale service into the New York metropolitan area and to a lesser extent New England and Chicago.

Barely two years after its formation, the new company failed, representing the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history at the time. Penn Central's railroad assets were subsequently nationalized into Conrail along with those of other bankrupt northeastern railroads; its real estate and insurance holdings successfully reorganized into American Premier Underwriters.
China Young Volunteers Association
The China Young Volunteers Association (CYVA; Chinese: 中国青年志愿者协会) is a volunteering organization in China. It works under the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of China and is a member of the All-China Youth Federation and the United Nations CCIVS. CYVA was created on December 5, 1994. It is the first organization to govern volunteer efforts in China on a national scale.

All-China Youth Federation
The All-China Youth Federation (ACYF) is a people's organization that represents many youth groups in the People's Republic of China, and is managed by the Communist Youth League of China. It was founded on 4 May 1949. Former paramount leaders and General Secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin were both members.
Stefano Delle Chiaie
Stefano Delle Chiaie (13 September 1936 – 10 September 2019) was an Italian neo-fascist terrorist. He was the founder of Avanguardia Nazionale, a member of Ordine Nuovo, and founder of Lega nazionalpopolare. He went on to become a wanted man worldwide, suspected of involvement in Italy's strategy of tension, but was acquitted. He was a friend of Licio Gelli, grandmaster of P2 masonic lodge. He was suspected of involvement in South America's Operation Condor, but was acquitted. He was known by his nickname "il caccola" (Roman slang for "shorty") as he was just over five feet tall - although he stated that originally, the nickname came from his very young involvement, at age 14, in the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a neo-fascist political party established after the war.

Luis García Meza
Luis García Meza Tejada (8 August 1929 – 29 April 2018) was a Bolivian general who served as the de facto 57th president of Bolivia from 1980 to 1981. He was a dictator convicted of human rights violations and leader of a violent coup. A native of La Paz, he was a career military officer who rose to the rank of general during the dictatorship of Hugo Banzer (1971–78).
1800 Club
1800 Club is a residential skyscraper in the Edgewater neighborhood of Miami, Florida, United States. It was completed in 2007. The building is located east of Biscayne Boulevard and fronts Margaret Pace Park and Biscayne Bay. The building is 423 feet (129 m) tall, and contains 40 floors. Floors 1-5 are occupied by retail, while floors 6-40 are residential condominiums and apartments. The building is located at the corner of North Bayshore Drive and Northeast 18th Street. It was awarded the SARA Design Award in 2002 for its exterior architectural appeal.

Edgewater (Miami)
Edgewater is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, located north of Downtown and the Arts & Entertainment District, and south of Midtown and the Upper Eastside.  It is roughly bound by North 17th Street to the south, North 37th Street to the north, the Florida East Coast Railway and East First Avenue to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east.

Edgewater is primarily a residential neighborhood, with many historic early 20th century homes. The neighborhood has many high-rise residential towers to the east along Biscayne Bay, and historic homes elsewhere in the neighborhood. Since 2000, the area has grown in popularity, due to its proximity to Downtown and neighborhoods such as the Design District. Recent developments in the neighborhood have brought rapid urbanization to the area, with the construction of high-rise and mid-rise residential buildings, and more retail.
Ecsenius paroculus
Ecsenius paroculus, the spottedback coralblenny, is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean. It can reach a maximum length of 4 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds.

Ecsenius
Ecsenius is a large genus of fish in the family Blenniidae. Several species, including Ecsenius midas, the Midas blenny, and Ecsenius bicolor, the bicolor blenny, are commonly sold at aquarium stores as pets.
Furuyashiki Site
The Furuyashiki Site (古屋敷遺跡, Furuyashiki Iseki) is an archaeological site containing the remnants of a middle Kofun period (6th century AD) settlement located in what is now part of the city of Kitakata, Fukushima in the southern Tōhoku region of Japan. The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 2001.

Kitakata, Fukushima
Kitakata (喜多方市, Kitakata-shi) is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2020, the city had an estimated population of 46,269 in 16,769 households, and a population density of 83 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 554.63 square kilometres (214.14 sq mi). Kitakata was once written '北方', which meant 'northern place'.