hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Whiting Bay
Whiting Bay (Scottish Gaelic: Eadar Dhà Rubha, "between two headlands") is a village located on the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland four miles (six kilometres) south of Lamlash and eight miles (thirteen kilometres) south of Brodick. With more than 600 inhabitants it’s the third largest village on the island of Arran, behind Lamlash and Brodick.

It is called after the bay near the southern end of Arran's east coast that the settlement sits on.

Lamlash
Lamlash (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Eilean Àrd) is a town on the Isle of Arran, in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. It lies three miles (five kilometres) south of the island's main settlement and ferry port Brodick, in a sheltered bay on the island's east coast, facing the Holy Isle. Lamlash is the seat of Arran's local government offices, and is also the location of the island's police station, secondary school and hospital. In common with the rest of the island, the town's main industry is tourism and the public sector is also an important employer. Lamlash has an RNLI Lifeboat station with a B class Atlantic 75 lifeboat, covering the inshore waters around the coast of Arran, and in summer, there is a regular ferry service from Lamlash harbour to Holy Isle. The town has several buildings of historical interest, including Hamilton Terrace, which consists of two rows of single storey-and-attic cottages on the Lamlash seafront, arranged in pairs.
Manor, Saskatchewan
Manor (2016 population: 295) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the RM of Moose Mountain No. 63 and Census Division No. 1. The Manor Museum (1904) is designated a Municipal Heritage Property under the provincial Heritage Property Act.

Division No. 1, Saskatchewan
Division No. 1 is one of eighteen census divisions in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, as defined by Statistics Canada. It is located in the southeast corner of the province, bordering Manitoba and North Dakota. The most populous community in this division is Estevan.
Spider in the web doctrine
The spider in the web doctrine is a legal doctrine in Dutch patent law governing cross-border injunctions in patent infringement cases.  Under this doctrine, the Dutch courts would assume jurisdiction only in cases where the main defendant (the "spider") was located in the Netherlands and where the other defendants were part of a group of companies and acted based on a common business policy of this group (the "web"), regardless of the nation in which the disputed patent was issued.

Decisions by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) have cast some doubt on the continuing validity of this doctrine.  This is due in part to the fact that the ECJ did not feel that Dutch courts were competent to make predictions or judgments about the validity of patents granted outside the Netherlands, preferring to grant jurisdiction to the countries in which the patent was granted.

Patent law in the Netherlands
Patent law in the Netherlands, or simply Dutch patent law, is mainly governed by the Kingdom Patents Act (Dutch: Rijksoctrooiwet) and the European Patent Convention. A patent covering the Netherlands can be obtained through three different routes: through the direct filing of a national patent application with the Netherlands Patent Office (Dutch: Octrooicentrum Nederland) (direct national route), through the filing of a European patent application (European route), or through the filing of an international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty followed by the entry into European phase of said international application (Euro-PCT route). The Dutch patent has a term of 20 years and has effect in the (European and Caribbean) Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Aruba has its own patent system.
Vesijako
Vesijako (also Vesijakaa) is a lake in Finland. It is situated in Padasjoki in the region of Päijänne Tavastia.

The lake is famous in Finland as a bifurcation lake (the name Vesijako actually means "drainage divide"), together with the nearby Lummene that is somewhat less known, and from which waters flow eastwards into lake Päijänne and westwards through the lake Vehkajärvi into lake Vesijako.

Vesijako in turn also has two outflows. One is eastwards to the lake Päijänne, which is a part of Kymijoki basin and drains to the Gulf of Finland. The other outflow is into a chain of lakes that is a part of the Kokemäenjoki basin and consists of the lakes Kuohijärvi, Kukkia, Iso-Roine, Hauhonselkä and Ilmoilanselkä and ends into lake Mallasvesi, from which the waters flow through Vanajavesi and Pyhäjärvi towards Kokemäenjoki in the west, and ultimately to the Gulf of Bothnia.

Lake bifurcation
A lake bifurcation occurs when a lake (a bifurcating lake) has outflows into two different drainage basins. In this case, the drainage divide cannot be defined exactly, as it is situated in the middle of the lake.
Oktiabrske
Oktiabrske (Ukrainian: Октябрське, Russian: Октябрьское), known by Ukrainian authorities as Biiuk-Onlar (Ukrainian: Біюк-Онлар, Crimean Tatar: Büyük Onlar) is an urban-type settlement in the Krasnohvardiiske Raion (district) of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory occupied by Russia as the Republic of Crimea since 2014. As of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, its population is 10,910. Current population: 10,218 (2014 Census).

Krasnohvardiiske Raion
Krasnohvardiiske Raion (Russian: Красногвардейский район), known by Ukrainian authorities as Kurman Raion (Ukrainian: Курманський район, Crimean Tatar: Къурман районы, romanized: Qurman rayonı) is one of the 25 regions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognised by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russia. The administrative centre of the raion is the urban-type settlement of Krasnohvardiiske. Krasnohvardiiske Raion is located in the central part of Crimea. Population: 83,135 (2014 Census).
Albumen gland
The albumen gland is a specialized gland found in the reproductive systems of many mollusks. It plays an important role in the formation and nourishment of egg capsules, contributing to embryonic development by producing nutritive and protective secretions. This gland is typically part of the female or hermaphroditic reproductive tract and is often adjacent to other accessory glands such as the capsule gland.

Perivitellins
Perivitellins are egg proteins found in the perivitelline fluid of many gastropods. They are multifunctional complexes providing the developing embryo with nutrition,  protection from the environment, and defense against predators.

Despite the central role perivitellins play in reproduction and development, there is little information about their role in gastropod Molluscs. Most studies of perivitellins have been performed in eggs of Ampullaridae, a family of freshwater snails (Caenogastropoda), notably the Pomacea genus, mostly those of Pomacea canaliculata, Pomacea scalaris and Pomacea maculata.
Rubidium ozonide
Rubidium ozonide is an oxygen rich compound of rubidium with the chemical formula RbO3. It consists of rubidium cations Rb+ and ozonide anions O−3.

It can be created by reacting rubidium superoxide (RbO2) with ozone (O3) in a liquid ammonia solution.

RbO2 + O3  →  RbO3 + O2

The chemical forms in two crystal structures, the low temperature α-RbO3 (P21), and β-RbO3 (P21/c) Detailed structural analysis finds the ozonide anions are significantly off-center from the surrounding rubidium atoms.

Since ozonide anion is magnetic, electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of rubidium ozonide have determined the  g-values of the ozonide anion.

Rubidium superoxide
Rubidium superoxide, rubidio superoxide or rubidium hyperoxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula RbO2. Rubidium forms superoxide under certain conditions like direct contact with oxygen. In terms of oxidation states, the negatively charged superoxide and positively charged rubidium give it a structural formula of Rb+[O2]−.
Brian Hinman
Brian L. Hinman (born August 22, 1961 in Bethesda, Maryland) is an entrepreneur and investor in high technology businesses, especially the computer-based communications industry.

Hinman  founded three successful (annual revenues greater than $500 million) high technology companies; PictureTel Corp. (Videoconferencing), Polycom (Conference call), and 2Wire (digital subscriber line).  Both PictureTel Corp. and Polycom had initial public offerings. Hinman and his co-founders took PictureTel public in November 1984, three months after the company was founded, and two years before the first product was shipped. 2Wire was acquired by set-top box maker Pace  in July, 2010. Hinman has been granted patents in video compression and conference calls.

2Wire
2Wire, Inc. was a computer hardware manufacturer active from 1998 to 2010 that provided telecommunications companies with home networking hardware, software, service platforms, and remote Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) management systems. The company was headquartered in San Jose, California, in the Silicon Valley. The company had employed approximately 1,600 employees globally, including 550 in R&D, sales and administration, 450 in customer care and 600 agency employees in five U.S. offices and an additional nine offices around the world by July 2010. The 2Wire HomePortal residential gateways were distributed by broadband service providers such as AT&T, Embarq, windstream and Qwest in the United States, Bell in Canada, Telmex in Mexico, BT Group in the United Kingdom, Telstra in Australia and SingTel in Singapore. In July 2010, Pace plc of the United Kingdom agreed to buy 2Wire for $475m (£307m).
International Prize for Arabic Fiction Nadwa
The International Prize for Arabic Fiction Nadwa is an annual writers' workshop for young writers from the Arab world. Held under the aegis of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (itself funded by the Emirates Foundation in Abu Dhabi), the nadwa is the first such workshop for Arab writers and has been an annual event since 2009.

The  nadwa (Arabic: ندوة; 'assembly', 'symposium') benefits from the patronage of the Emirati prince Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, and takes place at the Qasr Al Sarab resort in Abu Dhabi.

The small group of emerging writers is accompanied and assisted by two established authors who work as their "mentors". The literary output of the first workshop was collected and published in a volume called Emerging Arab Voices (Saqi Books, London 2011).

The coordinator of the nadwa was Dr Peter Clark in 2009 and 2010 and Fleur Montanaro in 2011.

International Prize for Arabic Fiction
The International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) (Arabic: الجائزة العالمية للرواية العربية), also known as "the Arabic Booker", is regarded as the most prestigious and important literary prize in the Arab world.

Its aim is to reward excellence in contemporary Arabic creative writing and to encourage the readership of high-quality Arabic literature internationally through the translation and publication of winning and shortlisted novels in other major languages. In addition to the prize itself, IPAF supports other literary initiatives. In 2009, IPAF launched its inaugural nadwa (writers' workshop) for emerging writers of fiction in Arabic.

The prize is administered by the Booker Prize Foundation in London, and is currently funded by Department of Culture and Tourism, Abu Dhabi (DCT).

Each year, the winner of the prize receives US$50,000, and the six shortlisted authors receive US$10,000 each.
Britvic
Britvic Ltd is a British producer of soft drinks based in Hemel Hempstead, England. It produces soft drinks under the Britvic name, including the famous Britvic Orange, as well as several other brands. The original Britvic Company was founded during the 1930s as the British Vitamin Products Company, but had initially been started in a chemists in Chelmsford during 1850. In 1968 it became part of Allied Breweries, before being merged into Britannia Soft Drinks, a company jointly owned by Allied, Bass and Whitbread in 1986.

The company has been the UK license holder for Pepsi and 7 Up since 1987. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) from 2005 and expanded into non-UK markets from 2007, until it was acquired by the Carlsberg Group in July 2024. Carlsberg's UK operations were merged with Britvic plc, becoming Carlsberg Britvic in January 2025, with Britvic Ltd being a wholly owned subsidiary of the new business.

C&C Group
C&C Group plc (known prior to its flotation as Cantrell & Cochrane Limited) is an Irish manufacturer, marketer and distributor of alcoholic drinks, particularly cider, and soft drinks. It has production facilities across Ireland, Great Britain and the United States, and its products are sold around the world. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Fernanda Venturini
Fernanda Porto Venturini  (born 24 October 1970) is a Brazilian former volleyball player and a four-time Olympian. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where she won the bronze medal with the Brazilian women's national volleyball team. She is regarded as one of the best setters of all time.

In 2022, Venturini was inducted into the International Volleyball Hall of Fame.

1994 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix
The 1994 FIVB World Grand Prix was the second edition of the women's volleyball tournament, annually arranged by FIVB. It was played by eight countries from 19 August to 11 September 1994. The final round was staged in Shanghai.
Yorkville Sound
Yorkville Sound is a Canadian manufacturer of audio amplifiers (including the Traynor amplifier line), loudspeakers and related professional sound reinforcement equipment. Based in Pickering, Ontario, Canada, the firm has a global presence as an importer and exporter of audio electronic products.

Yorkville manages its original Traynor brand, its own Yorkville brand and has expanded to include other brands such as Apex, ART (Applied Research and Technology), Orion FX Lights, Granite Percussion and Denver guitars. Yorkville provides North American distribution for Hughes & Kettner guitar amplifiers as well as exclusive distribution for KRK studio monitor speakers, Line 6 guitar amplifier, effects and wireless systems, Dynaudio studio monitor speakers, Epiphone guitars, Gibson guitars, Steinberger guitars, Gold Tone guitars, Ritter bags, Samson audio products, HK Audio products, X-Vive Wireless products, Aston microphones and Gallien-Krueger amplifiers.

Pickering, Ontario
Pickering (2021 population 99,186) is a city located in Southern Ontario, Canada, immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region.

Beginning in the 1770s, the area was settled by primarily British colonists. An increase in population occurred after the American Revolutionary War, when the Crown resettled Loyalists and encouraged new immigration. Many of the smaller rural communities have been preserved and function as provincially significant historic sites and museums. The city also includes the Pickering Casino Resort, a multi-billion-dollar casino complex.
New Fairfield High School
New Fairfield High School is the only public high school in New Fairfield, Connecticut, United States. It enrolls approximately 500 to 700 students annually in grades 9-12 from New Fairfield, as well as students from the neighboring town of Sherman who elect to attend. James D'Amico (class of 1994) was named principal of New Fairfield High School in 2019.

The school mascot is the "Rebel," depicted on school symbols as a Revolutionary War soldier.  This mascot was chosen by students at the school in celebration of the United States Bicentennial in 1976, as that was the first graduating class.

NFHS was ranked #59 by U.S. News & World Report among high schools in Connecticut for 2019.

New Fairfield, Connecticut
New Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 13,579 at the 2020 census.  New Fairfield is one of five towns that surround Candlewood Lake, the largest lake in Connecticut. The town is located 55 miles (89 km) northeast of New York City, making it part of the New York metropolitan area. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.
Prime Minister of Cameroon
Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the prime minister of Cameroon is a relatively powerless position. While the prime minister is officially appointed to be the head of government, the president retains most of the executive power and can fire the prime minister at will.

The current prime minister, Joseph Ngute, was appointed by President Paul Biya. He took the office on 4 January 2019.

Joseph Ngute
Joseph Dion Ngute (born 12 March 1954) is a Cameroonian jurist and politician, serving as the 9th prime minister of Cameroon, following his appointment in January 2019. He succeeded Philémon Yang, who held the post since 2009.
Memdidi
Memdidi is a 1961 Hindi film produced by L. B. Lachman and directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars David, Jayant, Lalita Pawar, Asit Sen and Tanuja. The film's music is composed by Salil Choudhury. Hrishikesh Mukherjee also directed its remake of the film titled Achha Bura in 1983, replacing Jayant with Jayant's son Amjad Khan.

Achha Bura
Achha Bura (transl. The Good and the Bad) is a 1983 Indian Bollywood film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and produced by Deepak Parashar. The film was a remake of Memdidi, directed by  Hrishikesh Mukherjee again. The film starred Raj Babbar and Anita Raj. It also had Amjad Khan, Ranjeet and Dina Pathak in pivotal roles.
APL (programming language)
APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages.

Edward H. Sussenguth
Edward H. Sussenguth Jr. (October 10, 1932 – November 22, 2015) was an American engineer and former IBM employee, known best for his work on Systems Network Architecture (SNA). He was also a contributor to the architecture of IBM's Advanced Computer System (ACS).
Ponte (rione of Rome)
Ponte is the 5th rione of Rome, Italy, identified by the initials R. V, and is located in Municipio I. Its name (English: 'bridge') comes from Ponte Sant'Angelo, which connects Ponte with the rione of Borgo. This bridge was built by Emperor Hadrian (and originally was named after him Pons Aelius) in 134 AD to connect his mausoleum to the rest of the city. Though Pope Sixtus V changed the rione limits, so that the bridge belongs now to Borgo, not to Ponte anymore, the area has kept its name and a bridge as its coat of arms.

Rioni of Rome
A rione of Rome (Italian: [riˈoːne]; pl.: rioni of Rome) is a traditional administrative division of the city of Rome. Rione is an Italian term used since the 14th century to name a district of a town. The term was born in Rome, originating from the administrative divisions of the city. The word comes from the Latin word regio (pl.: regiones), 'region'; during the Middle Ages the Latin word became rejones, from which rione comes. Currently, all the rioni are located in Municipio I of Rome.
Brian Clark (September 11 survivor)
Brian Clark (born July 4, 1947) is a Canadian businessman and survivor of the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Clark worked for the American international brokerage firm Euro Brokers Inc. (later merged into BGC Partners), which lost 61 employees that day, nearly one-fifth of its New York branch.

Clark was one of only 18 people in the South Tower to escape from within or above the impact zone where the plane struck, escaping from his office on floor 84. Clark's testimony before the 9/11 Commission, where he detailed problems with the 911 emergency call system, has been widely quoted.

Stanley Praimnath
Stanley Praimnath (born October 27, 1956) is a survivor of the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. He worked as an executive for Fuji Bank on the 81st floor of the South Tower (WTC 2), the second tower struck that day. He was one of only 18 survivors from within or above the impact zone of United Airlines Flight 175.
Glebe Island Bridge
The  Glebe Island Bridge  is a heritage-listed disused swing Allan truss road bridge that carried Victoria Road (as Bank Street) across Johnstons Bay, located in the inner city Sydney suburb of Pyrmont, New South Wales, Australia.

The bridge, which connected Rozelle to Pyrmont by road, is one of the last remaining swing bridges of its type in Australia and in the world. It was designed by Percy Allan and built from 1899 to 1903 by Bridges Branch of NSW Public Works Department.

Pyrmont, New South Wales
Pyrmont (/pɪərmɒnt/) is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia 2 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is also part of the Darling Harbour region.

Aboriginal culture
Before European settlement the Eora tribe of Indigenous Australians inhabited the area. Their Aboriginal name for this area was 'Pirrama', which is still the name of a road on the Pyrmont waterfront.

Pyrmont was once a vital component of Sydney's industrial waterfront, with wharves, shipbuilding yards, factories and woolstores. As industry moved out, the population and the area declined. In recent years it has experienced redevelopment with an influx of residents and office workers.
Lajes Field
Lajes Field or Lajes Air Base (pronounced [ˈlaʒɨʃ]; Portuguese: Base Aérea das Lajes), officially designated Air Base No. 4 (Base Aérea n.º 4, BA4) (IATA: TER, ICAO: LPLA), is a multi-use airfield near Lajes and 15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal. It is home to the Portuguese Air Force Base Aérea n.º 4 and Azores Air Zone Command (Portuguese: Comando da Zona Aérea dos Açores), a United States Air Force detachment unit (operated by the 65th Air Base Group of United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa), and a regional air passenger terminal. Located about 3,680 km (2,290 mi) east of New York City and about 1,600 km (990 mi) west of Lisbon, Portugal; the base sits in a strategic location midway between North America and Europe in the north Atlantic Ocean.

Portugal during World War II
At the start of World War II in 1939, the Portuguese Government announced on 1 September that the 550-year-old Anglo-Portuguese Alliance remained intact, but since the British did not seek Portuguese assistance, Portugal was free to remain neutral in the war and would do so. In an aide-mémoire of 5 September 1939, the British government confirmed the understanding.  As Adolf Hitler's occupation swept across Europe, neutral Portugal became one of Europe's last escape routes. Portugal was able to maintain its neutrality until 1944, when a military agreement was signed to give the United States permission to establish a military base in Terceira Island in the Azores and thus its status changed to non-belligerent in favour of the Allies.