hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Information operations condition
INFOCON (short for information operations condition) is a threat level system in the United States similar to that of FPCON. It is a defense system based primarily on the status of information systems and is a method used by the military to defend against a computer network attack.

DEFCON
The defense readiness condition (DEFCON) is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces. The DEFCON system was developed in 1959 by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and unified and specified combatant commands. It prescribes five graduated levels of readiness (or states of alert) for the U.S. military. It increases in severity from DEFCON 5 (least severe) to DEFCON 1 (most severe) to match varying military situations, with DEFCON 1 signaling the impending outbreak of nuclear warfare. For security reasons, the U.S. military does not announce a DEFCON level to the public.

DEFCONs are a subsystem of a series of "Alert Conditions", or LERTCONs, which also include Emergency Conditions (EMERGCONs).
Mu. Varadarajan
Mu. Varadarajan, also known as Mu. Va. and Varatharasanar, was a Tamil scholar, author and academic from Tamil Nadu, India.
He was born in an aristocratic Thuluva Vellala family near Vellore. He was a prolific writer whose published works include 13 novels, 6 plays, 2 short story collections, 11 essay anthologies, a book on the history of Tamil literature, books on Tamil linguistics and children's books. During 1961–71, he was the head of the Tamil department at the University of Madras. In 1961, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil for his novel Agal Vilakku. During 1971–74, he was the vice-chancellor of the University of Madurai.

Madurai Kamaraj University
Madurai Kamaraj University (MKU) is a public state university located in Madurai city, in southern Tamil Nadu, India, that was established in 1966. MKU is one of the 15 universities in India with the University with Potential for Excellence status, which was awarded by the University Grants Commission (UGC) in India. In 2021, the university was awarded an 'A++' grade from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in its 4th cycle.
Algerian barb
The Algerian barb or Tunisian barb, (Luciobarbus callensis) is a ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Algeria and Tunisia (and perhaps Morocco).

Its natural habitats are rivers, freshwater lakes, and water storage areas. It is not considered a threatened species by the IUCN.

The taxonomy and systematics of the Maghreb barbs are subject to considerable dispute. Some authors include B. antinorii, B. figuigensis, B. issenensis, B. ksibi, B. labiosa, B. lepineyi, B. massaensis, Carasobarbus moulouyensis, L. pallaryi and L. setivimensis in L. callensis, while others consider them distinct. To further confuse matters, Fishbase considers B. labiosa to be conspecific with the Maghreb barbel (L. maghrebensis), B. lepineyi to be conspecific with L. pallaryi when the latter is considered a distinct species, and C. moulouyensis be placed in the genus Carasobarbus.

Luciobarbus figuigensis
Luciobarbus figuigensis is a doubtfully distinct ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae.

It is found in Algeria and Morocco. Its natural habitat is inland karsts.

The taxonomy and systematics of the Maghreb barbs are subject to considerable dispute. Some authors consider L. figuigensis a distinct species, while others include it in the Algerian barb (Luciobarbus callensis). The specific name refers to the oasis town of Figuig on the Morocco/Algeria border, where this species is found in the karstic aquifers and, occasionally, in above ground cisterns.
Consistency (database systems)
In database systems, consistency (or correctness) refers to the requirement that any given database transaction must change affected data only in allowed ways. Any data written to the database must be valid according to all defined rules, including constraints, cascades, triggers, and any combination thereof.  This does not guarantee correctness of the transaction in all ways the application programmer might have wanted (that is the responsibility of application-level code) but merely that any programming errors cannot result in the violation of any defined database constraints.

In a distributed system, referencing CAP theorem, consistency can also be understood as after a successful write, update or delete of a Record, any read request immediately receives the latest value of the Record.

Rollback (data management)
In database technologies, a rollback is an operation which returns the database to some previous state. Rollbacks are important for database integrity, because they mean that the database can be restored to a clean copy even after erroneous operations are performed. They are crucial for recovering from database server crashes; by rolling back any transaction which was active at the time of the crash, the database is restored to a consistent state.

The rollback feature is usually implemented with a transaction log, but can also be implemented via multiversion concurrency control.
Hugo Nys
Hugo Nys (French pronunciation: [yɡo nis]; born 16 February 1991) is a Monégasque professional tennis player who previously represented France until 2019. A doubles specialist, he reached his highest ATP doubles ranking of No. 12 on 12 June 2023 and singles ranking of No. 327 on 29 July 2019. He became the first ever Monegasque player to reach the semifinal and final of a Major at the 2023 Australian Open.

His grandfather was Francis Nys, a French tennis player.

Francis Nys
Francis Nys (1930 — 2017) was a French tennis player.

Active in the 1950s, Nys regularly competed in the French national championships and made the singles third round on two occasions. He also featured in two editions of the Wimbledon Championships.

Nys was a squad member on the France Davis Cup team, without playing a rubber.

One of his grandsons, Hugo Nys, is a professional tennis player.
Baligh Hamdi
Baligh Hamdi (Arabic: بليغ حمدي [bæˈliːɣ ˈħæmdi]; 7 October 1931 – 12 September 1993) was an Egyptian composer who created and composed many hit songs for several singers in the Arab world, especially during the 1960s and 1970s. He composed Warda's most famous songs, and the two got married for a long period.

Abdel Halim Hafez
Abdel Halim Ali Shabana (Arabic: عبد الحليم علي شبانة), commonly known as Abdel Halim Hafez (Arabic: عبد الحليم حافظ, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ʕæbd el ħæliːm ħɑːfɪzˤ]) (21 June 1929 – 30 March 1977), was an Egyptian singer, actor, conductor, businessman, music teacher and film producer.

Abdel Halim is considered to be one of the greatest Egyptian musicians of his era, along with Umm Kulthum, Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Farid Al Atrach, Mohamed Fawzi, and Shadia. As his popularity grew, he was given the nickname 'el-Andaleeb el-Asmar (Arabic: العندليب الأسمر), meaning The Brown-Skinned Nightingale. He achieved extraordinary success as a popular musician throughout the Arab world, with estimated sales of over 80 million records.
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya
National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya (鹿屋体育大学, Kanoya Taiiku Daigaku) is a national university in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan, founded in 1981.

Four alumni  participated in the swimming and volleyball events in the Beijing Olympics, including Athens Olympics swimming gold medalist Ai Shibata.

Four players participated by swimming and a bicycle also the London Olympic Games.

Kanoya, Kagoshima
Kanoya (鹿屋市, Kanoya-shi) is a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 March 2024, the city had an estimated population of 98,367 in 46114 households, and a population density of 100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 448.15 km2 (173.03 sq mi). Kanoya is also popularly called the "Town of Roses".
Mechanic Apprentices Library Association
The Mechanic Apprentices Library Association (1820–1892) of Boston, Massachusetts, functioned as "a club of young apprentices to mechanics and manufacturers ... whose object is moral, social, and literary improvement." Some historians describe it as "the first of the kind known to have been established in any country." Founded by William Wood in 1820, it also had an intermittent formal relationship with the larger, more established Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. In its heyday, roughly 1820s-1850s, the Apprentices Library "[met] quarterly; ... [had] nearly 200 members, and a library of about 2000 volumes; connected with which [was] a reading room, gratuitously supplied with the best newspapers and magazines of the city, and a cabinet of natural history. In addition to these advantages, the association [had] lectures and debates in the winter, and a social class for the study of elocution in the summer."

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association
The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association (est.1795) of Boston, Massachusetts, was "formed for the sole purposes of promoting the mechanic arts and extending the practice of benevolence." Founders included Paul Revere, Jonathan Hunnewell, and Benjamin Russell. Through much of the 19th century, the association organized conferences and exhibitions devoted to innovation in the mechanical arts.
Gaodian, Qinghai
Gaodian (Mandarin: 高店镇) is a town in Ledu District, Haidong, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Gaodian had a total population of 8,388: 4,232 males and 4,156 females: 1,402 aged under 14, 6,299 aged between 15 and 65 and 687 aged over 65.

Ledu, Haidong
Ledu District (Chinese: 乐都区; Tibetan: གྲོ་ཚང) is a district of the city of Haidong, Qinghai province, China. Nearby are Ping'an District and the city of Xining. Ledu used to be named Nianbo county before 1929. The county dates back to 1724. On 8 February 2013 Ledu was upgraded from a county into a district.

Ledu District is served by the G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway.
Marienfelde
Marienfelde (German pronunciation: [maˈʁiːənˌfɛldə] ⓘ) is a locality in southwest Berlin, Germany, part of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg borough. The former village, incorporated according to the Greater Berlin Act of 1920, today is a mixed industrial and residential area.

Tempelhof-Schöneberg
Tempelhof-Schöneberg (German pronunciation: [ˈtɛmpl̩hoːf ˈʃøːnəˌbɛʁk]) is the seventh borough of Berlin, formed in 2001 by merging the former boroughs of Tempelhof and Schöneberg. Situated in the south of the city it shares borders with the boroughs of Mitte and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in the north, Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Steglitz-Zehlendorf in the west as well as Neukölln in the east.
Bajzë
Bajzë is a small town in the former Kastrat Municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 2,346.

Kastrat (municipality)
Kastrat is a former municipality in the Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. The population at the 2011 census was 6,883.
Roger Mead
Roger Mead (1938 – 10 August 2015) was an English statistician and Emeritus Professor of Applied Statistics at the University of Reading. He is known for his paper with John Nelder on the widely-used Nelder–Mead method and for his work on statistical methods for agriculture and the design of experiments. He was made an Honorary Life Member of the International Biometric Society in 2014.

John Nelder
John Ashworth Nelder FRS (8 October 1924 – 7 August 2010) was a British statistician known for his contributions to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory.
Rosaster
Rosaster is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Goniasteridae.

The species of this genus are found in America, Indian Ocean, Malesia.

Species:

Rosaster alexandri (Perrier, 1881)

Rosaster attenuatus Liao, 1984

Rosaster bipunctus (Sladen, 1889)

Rosaster cassidatus Macan, 1938

Rosaster confinis (Koehler, 1910)

Rosaster endilius McKnight, 1975

Rosaster florifer (Alcock, 1893)

Rosaster mamillatus Fisher, 1913

Rosaster mimicus Fisher, 1913

Rosaster nannus Fisher, 1913

Rosaster symbolicus (Sladen, 1889)

Goniasteridae
Goniasteridae (the biscuit stars) constitute the largest family of sea stars, included in the order Valvatida. They are mostly deep-dwelling species, but the family also include several colorful shallow tropical species.
Epidotes
In Greek mythology, Epidotes (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιδώτης) was a divinity who was worshipped at Lacedaemon, and averted the anger of Zeus Hicesius (Greek: Ζευς Ικέσιος) for the crime committed by the Spartan general Pausanias.

Epidotes, meaning the "liberal giver" or "bountiful", occurs also as an epithet of other divinities, such as Zeus at Mantineia and Sparta, and of Hypnos and Oneiros at Sicyon, who had a statue in the temple of Asclepius there, which represented them in the act of sending a lion to sleep, and lastly of the beneficent gods, to whom a second-century senator, Antoninus, built a sanctuary at Epidaurus.

Oneiros
In Greek mythology, dreams were sometimes personified as Oneiros (Ancient Greek: Ὄνειρος, lit. 'dream') or Oneiroi (Ὄνειροι, 'dreams'). In the Iliad of Homer, Zeus sends an Oneiros to appear to Agamemnon in a dream, while in Hesiod's Theogony, the Oneiroi are the sons of Nyx (Night), and brothers of Hypnos (Sleep).
Pike River Coal
Pike River Coal Ltd was a mining company listed on the New Zealand and Australian stock exchanges. Its primary operation was the Pike River Mine, the site of a mining disaster with 29 deaths on 19 November 2010.

The company first listed and began trading on the New Zealand Exchange on 20 July 2007. On 22 November 2010, trading in the company's shares and options was suspended from the New Zealand Exchange at the company's request, pending developments from the mining disaster. On 12 December 2010 the company was placed in receivership.

Pike River Mine is a coal mine located 46 km east of Greymouth in the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. The operation was set up to mine the Brunner seam, a bituminous coal deposit with lower ash and varying sulphur content.

Greymouth
Greymouth (/ˈɡreɪmaʊθ/) (Māori: Māwhera) is the largest town in the West Coast region in the South Island of New Zealand, and the seat of the Grey District Council. The population of the whole Grey District is 14,600, which accounts for 42% of the West Coast's inhabitants. The Greymouth urban area had an estimated population of 8,610 (June 2025). A large proportion of the District, 65%, is part of the Conservation Estate owned and managed by the Department of Conservation making Greymouth a natural centre for walkers and trampers.
Marieke Veenhoven-Mattheussens
Marieke Veenhoven-Mattheussens (born 8 March 1984) is a field hockey player from the Netherlands. She was part of the Dutch teams that won the silver medal at the 2010 World Cup and three medals, including a gold, at the Hockey Champions Trophy in 2009–2011.

Her mother, Maria Mattheussens-Fikkers, also competed internationally in field hockey.

Maria Mattheussens-Fikkers
Maria Mattheussens-Fikkers is a retired field hockey player from the Netherlands. Together with the Dutch team she won a bronze and a gold medal at the 1976 and 1978 World Cups, respectively.

Her daughter, Marieke Veenhoven-Mattheussens (born 1984), also competed internationally in field hockey.
Gloster Goring
The Gloster Goring was a single-engined two-seat biplane designed to meet 1926  Air Ministry specifications for a day/torpedo bomber.  It was not put into production and the one aircraft built served later as an engine testbed.

Bristol Jupiter
The Bristol Jupiter is a British nine-cylinder single-row piston radial engine that was built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company. Originally designed late in World War I and known as the Cosmos Jupiter, a lengthy series of upgrades and developments turned it into one of the finest engines of its era.

The Jupiter was widely used on many aircraft designs during the 1920s and 1930s. Thousands of Jupiters of all versions were produced, both by Bristol and abroad under licence.

A turbo-supercharged version of the Jupiter known as the Orion suffered development problems and only a small number were produced. The "Orion" name was later re-used by Bristol for an unrelated turboprop engine.

The Bristol Jupiter was licensed by the Soviet Union as the Shvetsov M-22.
Shionomiya Station
Shionomiya Station (汐ノ宮駅, Shionomiya-eki) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Kawachinagano, Osaka Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Kintetsu Railway. It has the station number "O22".

Kawachinagano
Kawachinagano (河内長野市, Kawachinagano-shi) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 January 2022, the city had an estimated population of 101,649 in 47493 households and a population density of 930 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 109.63 square kilometres (42.33 sq mi).
Foreign exchange swap
In finance, a foreign exchange swap, forex swap, or FX swap is a simultaneous purchase and sale of identical amounts of one currency for another with two different value dates (normally spot to forward) and may use foreign exchange derivatives. An FX swap allows sums of a certain currency to be used to fund charges designated in another currency without acquiring foreign exchange risk. It permits companies that have funds in different currencies to manage them efficiently.

Foreign exchange derivative
A foreign exchange derivative is a financial derivative whose payoff depends on the foreign exchange rates of two (or more) currencies. These instruments are commonly used for currency speculation and arbitrage or for hedging foreign exchange risk.
D'Arcy McNickle
William D'Arcy McNickle (January 14, 1904 – October 10, 1977) (Salish Kootenai) was a writer, Native American activist, college professor and administrator, and anthropologist. Of Irish and Cree-Métis descent, he later enrolled in the Salish Kootenai nation, as his mother had come to Montana with the Métis as a refugee. He is known also for his novel The Surrounded.

Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes
The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana Salish: Séliš u Ql̓ispé, Kutenai: k̓upawiȼq̓nuk) are a federally recognized tribe centered on the Flathead Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of Montana. The tribe includes Bitterroot Salish, Kutenai, and Upper Pend d'Oreille people, who are all Interior Salish peoples.

The Bitterroot Salish were referred to by Euro-American explorers as Flathead Indians. This name was originally applied to various Salish peoples after Europeans misinterpreted their identifying Coast Salish Sign Language sign to mean that they practiced artificial cranial deformation. This sign involved pressing both hands to the opposite sides of the head and meant, "We the people.”

The peoples of these tribes originally lived in the areas of Montana, parts of Idaho, British Columbia, and Wyoming. The original territory comprised about 22 million acres (89,000 km2) at the time of the 1855 Hellgate treaty.
Lumberjack 100
The Lumberjack 100 is an ultra-endurance mountain bike race held the 3rd Saturday in June at Michigan's Big M Cross Country Ski and Mountain Bike Trail in the Manistee National Forest.  The race is a 100-mile mountain bike marathon and is part of the National Ultra Endurance Series.  The race course consists of three 33.33 mile laps in the Udell Hills area and crosses the North Country National Scenic Trail twice per lap. The course contains over 8,000 feet of climbing and is 80%  single track. Due to venue limitations, only 450 racers are allowed to participate.

Marathon mountain bike race
Marathon mountain bike races, often referred to as cross-country marathon (XCM), are a very demanding form of mountain bike racing covering at least 40 kilometres (25 miles) usually in mountainous terrain. Events held in Europe are typically just a little longer than the average cross country mountain bike race.  Marathon events in the USA and Canada are typically longer than 100 kilometres (62 miles) and are very different from cross country races.
Heiner Goebbels
Heiner Goebbels (born 17 August 1952) is a German composer, conductor and professor at Justus-Liebig-University in Gießen and artistic director of the International Festival of the Arts Ruhrtriennale 2012–14. His composition Stifters Dinge (2007) received five votes in a 2017 Classic Voice poll of the greatest works of art music since 2000, and writers for The Guardian ranked his composition Hashirigaki (2000) the ninth greatest classical composition of the same period.

Hilliard Ensemble
Hilliard Ensemble was a British male vocal quartet originally devoted to the performance of early music. The group was named after the Elizabethan miniaturist painter Nicholas Hilliard. Founded in 1974, the group disbanded in 2014.

Although most of its work focused on music of the Medieval and Renaissance periods, the Hilliard Ensemble also performed contemporary music, working frequently with the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt and included in its concerts works by John Cage, Gavin Bryars, Giya Kancheli, and Heinz Holliger.
Tara (Cairo villa)
Tara was the given and temporary name of an illegally commandeered villa (a squat in more recent terms) on Gezira Island, Cairo, made notorious by its occupants during World War II. The group of Special Operations Executive agents who lived there, together with Countess Zofia (Sophie) Tarnowska, turned the villa into a centre of high life excess.

Patrick Leigh Fermor
Sir Patrick Michael Leigh Fermor DSO OBE (11 February 1915 – 10 June 2011) was an English writer, scholar, soldier and polyglot. He played a prominent role in the Cretan resistance during the Second World War, and was widely seen as Britain's greatest living travel writer, on the basis of books such as A Time of Gifts (1977). A BBC journalist once termed him "a cross between Indiana Jones, James Bond and Graham Greene".
TinySPARQL
TinySPARQL (formerly known as Tracker) is a file indexing and search framework for Linux and other Unix-like systems. It is written in the C programming language.

TinySPARQL has been adopted by the GNOME desktop environment and is heavily integrated into GNOME Shell and GNOME Files.

At its core, TinySPARQL is a general-purpose SPARQL-based database; although it is developed together with the file indexer component, it may be used to store or access any kind of data that follows the RDF data model (such as querying Wikidata).

GNOME
GNOME (/ɡəˈnoʊm, ˈnoʊm/) is a free and open-source desktop environment for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It is distributed as the default desktop environment of many major Linux distributions, including Debian, Fedora Linux, Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise, and is the default in Oracle Solaris, a Unix operating system.

GNOME is developed by the GNOME Project, which is composed of both volunteers and paid contributors, the largest corporate contributor being Red Hat. It is an international project that aims to develop frameworks for software development, to program end-user applications based on these frameworks, and to coordinate efforts for the internationalization, localization, and accessibility of that software.

In 2023 and 2024, GNOME received €1,000,000 from Germany's Sovereign Tech Fund.