hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hotlum Glacier
The Hotlum Glacier is a glacier situated on the northeast flank of Mount Shasta, in the US state of California.  It is the largest and most voluminous glacier in California, although not as thick or long as the nearby Whitney Glacier.  The Hotlum Glacier flows from a large cirque on the northeast side of Mount Shasta's main summit below the Hotlum Headwall at roughly 13,600 ft (4,100 m).  It flows northeastward down the steep slope, forming three lobes which terminate near 10,400 ft (3,200 m).

In 2002, scientists made the first detailed survey of Mount Shasta's glaciers in 50 years. They found that seven of the glaciers have grown over the period 1951–2002, with the Hotlum and Wintun Glaciers nearly doubling, the Bolam Glacier increasing by half, and the Whitney and Konwakiton Glaciers growing by a third.

Wintun Glacier
The Wintun Glacier is a glacier situated on the eastern flank of Mount Shasta, in the U.S. state of California.  It is both the third largest and third most voluminous glacier in California after the neighboring Hotlum Glacier and the Whitney Glacier.  The Wintun Glacier starts on the east side of Mount Shasta's main summit, and it has the highest permanent snow and ice on the mountain, reaching above 14,100 ft (4,300 m) to within a few dozen feet (~8–15 m) of the true summit. The glacier flows east down a steep slope and terminates in two lobes, the longer of which extends down near 9,800 ft (3,000 m).

In 2002, scientists made the first detailed survey of Mount Shasta's glaciers in 50 years. They found that seven of the glaciers have grown over the period 1951–2002, with the Hotlum and Wintun Glaciers nearly doubling, the Bolam Glacier increasing by half, and the Whitney and Konwakiton Glaciers growing by a third.
Blind Love (2016 film)
Blind Love is a 2016 Pakistani romantic film directed by Faisal Bukhari. The film has been written by M Pervaiz Kaleem. The film stars Yasir Shah and Nimra Khan in the main lead with Fawad Jalal, Aamir Qureshi, Imran Bukhari and Mathira as supporting actors.

Fawad Jalal
Fawad Jalal is a Pakistani actor. He made his film debut in the 2016 Urdu film Blind Love. Jalal is best known for his role as Laxman in the historical drama Dastaan (2010) and as Aazan in Aik Larki Aam Si (2018). He also acted in a comedy short film “Fruit Chaat” on YouTube Channel Disability. Fawad Jalal primarily works in Urdu television serials and films.
Paul Gallico
Paul William Gallico (July 26, 1897 – July 15, 1976) was an American novelist and short story and sports writer. Many of his works were adapted for motion pictures. He is perhaps best remembered for The Snow Goose, his most critically successful book, for the novel The Poseidon Adventure, primarily through the 1972 film adaptation, and for four novels about the beloved character of Mrs. Harris.

The Poseidon Adventure (novel)
The Poseidon Adventure is an American adventure novel by Paul Gallico, published in 1969. It concerns the capsizing of a luxurious ocean liner, the SS Poseidon, due to an undersea earthquake that causes a 90-foot (27-meter) wave, and the desperate struggles of a handful of survivors to reach the bottom of the liner's hull before the ship sinks.
KNDS Deutschland
KNDS Deutschland GmbH & Co, formerly Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG (KMW), is an arms industry company based in Munich, Germany. The company produces military weapons and vehicles, including tanks, self-propelled artillery, and other armoured vehicles.

KMW was formed in 1999 when the defence division of KraussMaffei Group was spun off and merged with Wegmann & Co. In 2015, KMW became part of KMW+Nexter Defense Systems (KNDS), and in 2024 it was renamed KNDS Deutschland.

KNDS
KNDS N.V., formerly KMW+Nexter Defense Systems, is a European defence industry holding company, which is the result of a merger between Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Nexter Systems. The joint holding company is headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Pansu derivative
In mathematics, the Pansu derivative is a derivative on a Carnot group, introduced by Pierre Pansu (1989).  A Carnot group  admits a one-parameter family of dilations, .  If  and  are Carnot groups, then the Pansu derivative of a function  at a point  is the function  defined by

provided that this limit exists.

A key theorem in this area is the Pansu–Rademacher theorem, a generalization of Rademacher's theorem, which can be stated as follows: Lipschitz continuous functions between (measurable subsets of) Carnot groups are Pansu differentiable almost everywhere.

Carnot group
In mathematics, a Carnot group is a simply connected nilpotent Lie group, together with a derivation of its Lie algebra such that the subspace with eigenvalue 1 generates the Lie algebra. The subbundle of the tangent bundle associated to this eigenspace is called horizontal. On a Carnot group, any norm on the horizontal subbundle gives rise to a Carnot–Carathéodory metric. Carnot–Carathéodory metrics have metric dilations; they are asymptotic cones (see Ultralimit) of finitely-generated nilpotent groups, and of nilpotent Lie groups, as well as tangent cones of sub-Riemannian manifolds.
Cheshunt railway station
Cheshunt is an interchange station for London Overground (Weaver line) and Greater Anglia services on the Lea Valley lines, located in Cheshunt in the Borough of Broxbourne.

It is on the West Anglia Main Line section of the Lea Valley lines, 14 miles 1 chain (22.6 km) from London Liverpool Street and situated between Waltham Cross and Broxbourne stations. It is also the final station on the Southbury Loop after Theobalds Grove, forming one of three northern termini for Weaver line services.

The station is in London fare zone 8, and is adjacent to the Lee Valley Regional Park. During the London 2012 Olympic Games, Cheshunt and Waltham Cross provided the main rail access to the Lee Valley White Water Centre.

Waltham Cross railway station
Waltham Cross railway station is on the Lea Valley Lines, serving the suburban town of Waltham Cross in Hertfordshire, and the neighbouring Waltham Abbey in Essex, England. It is 12 miles 63 chains (20.6 km) down the line from London Liverpool Street and is situated between Enfield Lock and Cheshunt. Its three-letter station code is WLC and it is in London fare zone 7.

The station and all trains serving it are operated by Greater Anglia. The station has 4 Oyster card readers rather than ticket barriers.

During the 2012 Olympic Games, Waltham Cross and Cheshunt provided the main rail access to the Lee Valley White Water Centre.
The Deruga Case (film)
The Deruga Case (German: Der Fall Deruga) is a 1938 German crime drama film directed by Fritz Peter Buch and starring Willy Birgel, Geraldine Katt and Dagny Servaes. It is based on the 1917 novel of the same title by Ricarda Huch. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Potsdam. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Wilhelm Depenau and Ludwig Reiber.

Dagny Servaes
Dagny Servaes (10 March 1894 – 10 July 1961) was a German-Austrian stage and film actress. In the theatre she appeared in the productions of Max Reinhardt and Berthold Brecht. Servaes appeared in around sixty films during her career, initially in lead and later in supporting roles. One of her earliest screen performances was in the 1917 propaganda film Dr. Hart's Diary. She also voiced the character of the evil queen in a German language dub of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs made for the Austrian market in 1938.
Difluorophosphoric acid
Difluorophosphoric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HPO2F2. It is a mobile colorless strongly fuming liquid. The acid has limited applications, in part because it is thermally and hydrolytically unstable. Difluorophosphoric acid is corrosive to glass, fabric, metals and living tissue.

A method to make pure difluorphosphoric acid involves heating phosphoryl fluoride with fluorophosphoric acid and separating the product by distillation:

POF3 + H2PO3F → 2 HPO2F2

It is prepared by hydrolysis of phosphoryl fluoride:

POF3 + H2O → HPO2F2 + HF

Further hydrolysis gives fluorophosphoric acid:

HPO2F2 + H2O → H2PO3F + HF

Complete hydrolysis gives phosphoric acid:

H2PO3F + H2O → H3PO4 + HF

The salts of difluorophosphoric acid are known as difluorophosphates.

Fluorophosphoric acid
Fluorophosphoric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2PO3F. It is a colorless viscous liquid that solidifies to a rigid glass upon cooling at −78 °C (−108 °F). While the bulk composition of the liquid may approximate that of fluorophosphoric acid, it is not a pure compound, which presumably accounts for its inability to be crystallized or distilled.
Moel Fferna
Moel Fferna is a mountain in Denbighshire, Wales and forms part of the Berwyn range. It is the most northern outpost of the range. The summit is covered in deep heather and has a shelter cairn.

A trig point was used to mark the summit, but has since been destroyed. To the south is Pen Bwlch Llandrillo, followed by Cadair Bronwen.  It is the highest peak in the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Pen Bwlch Llandrillo
Moel yr Henfaes, also listed by the Nuttall's as Pen Bwlch Llandrillo Top and sometimes known as Moel yr Henfaes, is a mountain in North Wales and forms part of the Berwyn range.

To the south are the higher Berwyn summits, including Cadair Berwyn. To the north lies Moel Fferna. The summit crowns an area of deep heather moorland and is located on a small rocky outcrop, marked by a pile of stones.
South Carolina Highway 121
South Carolina Highway 121 (SC 121) is a 134.200-mile (215.974 km) major state highway that travels north and south in central parts of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway is actually part of a long multi-state highway that also exists in Florida and Georgia, as Florida State Road 121 and Georgia State Route 121, respectively.

Georgia State Route 121
Georgia State Route 121 (SR 121) is a 238-mile-long (383 km) state highway between Charlton County and Augusta. It is part of a long multi-state route beginning in Florida and ending in South Carolina.
Gilaki language
Gilaki (گیلٚکی زٚوان romanized: Gilɵki Zɵvon) is an Iranian language belonging to the Caspian subgroup of the Northwestern branch, spoken in south of Caspian Sea by Gilak people. Gilaki is closely related to Mazandarani. The two languages of Gilaki and Mazandarani have similar vocabularies. The Gilaki and Mazandarani languages (but not other Iranian languages) share certain typological features with Caucasian languages (specifically Kartvelian languages), reflecting the history, ethnic identity, and close relatedness to the Caucasus region and Caucasian peoples of the Gilak people and Mazandarani people.

Caspian languages
The Caspian languages are a key branch of North-Western Iranian languages spoken in Iran and parts of the Azerbaijan Republic, south & west of the Caspian Sea. They are also unique in sharing a bit of typological features with the Kartvelian languages.
Janine LaManna
Janine LaManna (born June 14, 1966) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her extensive work in Broadway musicals and she is the first actress to portray the live-action character of Carmen Sandiego on the PBS series Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego?.

Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)
Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? is an American half-hour children's television game show loosely based on the computer game of the same name created by Broderbund Software. Just like its predecessor, the show was produced by WGBH Boston and WQED Pittsburgh. The program ran for two seasons on PBS, consisting of 115 episodes (65 in Season 1 and 50 in Season 2), which ran from October 7, 1996 to December 12, 1997, with reruns airing until May 7, 1999. The show starred Lynne Thigpen as "The Chief", Kevin Shinick as "ACME Time Pilot Squadron Leader" replacing Greg Lee and "The Engine Crew" who is considered  a replacement  for  Rockapella as various informants. The show replaced Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, and was recorded entirely at Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York City, the longtime home of Sesame Street.
Bad Santa 2
Bad Santa 2 is a 2016 American Christmas black comedy crime film directed by Mark Waters and written by Shauna Cross and Johnny Rosenthal. A sequel to the 2003 film Bad Santa, the film stars Billy Bob Thornton, Tony Cox, Brett Kelly, Kathy Bates, and Christina Hendricks, and features criminals Willie and Marcus again teaming up to work as Santa and an elf, respectively, this time to rob a Chicago charity on Christmas Eve.

Principal photography began on January 11, 2016, in Montreal, and the film was released in the United States on November 23, 2016, by Broad Green Pictures. In contrast to the original film, it received generally negative reviews and grossed $24.1 million worldwide (less than a third of the original film's $76.5 million) against its $26 million budget.

Shauna Cross
Shauna Cross is an American author, screenwriter, and former roller derby athlete. She skated for the Los Angeles Derby Dolls under the pseudonym "Maggie Mayhem" and subsequently wrote the 2007 novel Derby Girl, a fictionalized version of her experiences in the TXRD Lonestar Rollergirls league. In 2009, she wrote the screenplay for a film adaption of the novel, entitled Whip It, which was directed by Drew Barrymore and released in 2009. She was named one of Variety's 10 Screenwriters to Watch in 2008.
Moctezuma I
Moctezuma I (c. 1398–1469), also known as Montezuma I, Moteuczomatzin Ilhuicamina (Classical Nahuatl: Motēuczōmah Ilhuicamīna [motɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ ilwikaˈmiːna]) or Huehuemoteuczoma (Huēhuemotēuczōmah [weːwemotɛːkʷˈs̻oːmaḁ]), was the second Aztec emperor and fifth king of Tenochtitlan. During his reign, the Aztec Empire was consolidated, major expansion was undertaken, and Tenochtitlan started becoming the dominant partner of the Aztec Triple Alliance. Often mistaken for his popular descendant, Moctezuma II, Moctezuma I greatly contributed to the famed Aztec Empire that thrived until Spanish arrival. He ruled over a period of peace from 1440 to 1453. Moctezuma brought social, economical, and political reform to strengthen Aztec rule, and Tenochtitlan benefited from relations with other cities.

Huitzilihuitl
Huitzilihuitl (Nahuatl pronunciation: [wit͡siˈliwit͡ɬ] ⓘ) or Huitzilihuitzin (Nahuatl language; English: Hummingbird Feather) (1370s – ca. 1417) was the second Tlatoani or king of Tenochtitlan. According to the Codex Chimalpahin, he reigned from 1390 to 1415, according to the Codex Aubin, he reigned from 1396 to 1417 and according to the Codex Chimalpopoca, he reigned from 1403 to 1417.
Born–Infeld model
In theoretical physics, the Born–Infeld model or the Dirac–Born–Infeld action is a particular example of what is usually known as a nonlinear electrodynamics. It was historically introduced in the 1930s to remove the divergence of the electron's self-energy in classical electrodynamics by introducing an upper bound of the electric field at the origin. It was introduced by Max Born and Leopold Infeld in 1934, with further work by Paul Dirac in 1962.

Nonlinear electrodynamics
In high-energy physics, nonlinear electrodynamics (NED or NLED) refers to a family of generalizations of Maxwell electrodynamics which describe electromagnetic fields that exhibit nonlinear dynamics.  For a theory to describe the electromagnetic field (a U(1) gauge field), its action must be gauge invariant; in the case of , for the theory to not have Faddeev-Popov ghosts, this constraint dictates that the Lagrangian of a nonlinear electrodynamics must be a function of only  (the Maxwell Lagrangian) and  (where  is the Levi-Civita tensor). Notable NED models include the Born-Infeld model, the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, and the CP-violating  Chern-Simons theory .

Some recent formulations also consider nonlocal extensions involving fractional U(1) holonomies on twistor space, though these remain speculative.
Lexical Markup Framework
Language resource management – Lexical markup framework (LMF; ISO 24613), produced by ISO/TC 37, is the ISO standard for natural language processing (NLP) and machine-readable dictionary (MRD) lexicons. The scope is standardization of principles and methods relating to language resources in the contexts of multilingual communication.

Lexical resource
In digital lexicography, natural language processing, and digital humanities, a lexical resource is a language resource consisting of data regarding the lexemes of the lexicon of one or more languages e.g., in the form of a database.
Santa Barbara School
The Santa Barbara School is a historic school building in the Martineztown-Santa Barbara neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in phases between 1908 and 1930, it is one of the city's oldest surviving school buildings and is notable for its association with Atanasio Montoya, a noted educator who reformed and modernized the Bernalillo County school system in the early 20th century. The school was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Martineztown-Santa Barbara
Martineztown-Santa Barbara is a neighborhood in central Albuquerque, New Mexico, immediately northeast of Downtown. Originating as a small farming village in the 1850s, it is one of the city's oldest neighborhoods and retains a distinct character, with winding streets, irregular lots, and adobe vernacular buildings reminiscent of other old Hispanic communities in northern New Mexico.
Ian Charleson Awards
The Ian Charleson Awards are theatrical awards that reward the best classical stage performances in Britain by actors under age 30. The awards are named in memory of the British actor Ian Charleson, and are run by the Sunday Times newspaper and the National Theatre. The awards were established in 1990 after Charleson's death, and have been awarded annually since then. Sunday Times theatre critic John Peter (1938–2020) initiated the creation of the awards, particularly in memory of Charleson's extraordinary Hamlet, which he had performed shortly before his death. Recipients receive a cash prize, as do runners-up and third-place winners.

The awards' current definition of a classical play is one written before 1918. The awards for the previous year's performances are presented in the spring of the following year. The winners for 2024 were announced 31 May 2025, and first prize went to Francesca Amewudah-Rivers.

Francesca Amewudah-Rivers
Francesca Amewudah-Rivers is a British actress. She made her West End debut opposite Tom Holland in 2024 as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, and won the Ian Charleson Award for her performance. She also won the Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Newcomer in 2025.
Anita Strindberg
Anita Strindberg (born 19 June 1937) is a Swedish former actress who appeared in numerous Italian giallo films in the 1970s.

Strindberg appeared as Anita Edberg in two Swedish films in the late 1950s. She started her career in gialli with Lucio Fulci's A Lizard in a Woman's Skin in 1971 and starred in her first lead role that same year, in the Sergio Martino-directed The Case of the Scorpion's Tail. In 1972, she starred in three more gialli: Aldo Lado's Who Saw Her Die?, Martino's Your Vice Is a Locked Room and Only I Have the Key and Tropic of Cancer alongside Anthony Steffen.

After the early 1970s, Strindberg acted in many types of genre films: a women in prison film Women in Cell Block 7 (1973); the Exorcist-like horror film The Antichrist (1974); and the poliziotteschi film Almost Human (1974), directed by Umberto Lenzi. Her last film was Riccardo Freda's Murder Obsession, also known as Fear, co-starring Laura Gemser.

A Lizard in a Woman's Skin
A Lizard in a Woman's Skin (Italian: Una lucertola con la pelle di donna) is a 1971 giallo film co-written and directed by Lucio Fulci and produced by Edmondo Amati and Robert Dorfmann. It stars Florinda Bolkan, Stanley Baker, Jean Sorel, Alberto de Mendoza, Silvia Monti, Anita Strindberg, Mike Kennedy, George Rigaud and Leo Genn. The film is an Italian-Spanish-French co-production.

Set in London, the film follows Carol Hammond (Bolkan), the daughter of a respected politician, who experiences a series of vivid, psychedelic nightmares consisting of debauched sex orgies and LSD use. In the dream, she commits a graphic murder of a neighbour whose life she is envious of (Strindberg) and awakes to a real-life criminal investigation into the murder of her neighbour.

The film was released in France as Carole, and was later re-released in the United States as Schizoid. The French release print is the longest at 101 minutes.
Toilers Organisation of Afghanistan
Toilers Organisation of Afghanistan (Dari: سازمان زحمتکشان افغانستان, abbreviated سزا, transliterated Sazman-e Zahmatkashan-e Afghanistan, 'SeZA') was a leftwing group in Afghanistan. It was formed by PDPA dissidents, which had broken away from the PDPA in the late 1970s. The leader of the organisation was Hamdullah Gran. The party was mainly based amongst Pashtuns.

In November 1987 SeZA was able to assume overground activities and joined the PDPA-led Union of Left-Democratic Parties. However, a dissident SeZA faction, led by Zaman Gul Dehati, remained underground. This grouping later became the Alliance of Peace and Progress Fighters of Afghanistan.

Union of Left-Democratic Parties
Union of Left-Democratic Parties (Dari: اتحاد احزاب چپ دموکراتیک) was an alliance of political parties in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The Union was formed in November 1987, in a process of opening a multi-party system in the country. The founders of the Union were the governing People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Revolutionary Toilers Organisation of Afghanistan and the Toilers Organisation of Afghanistan. The Peasants Justice Party of Afghanistan participated as an observer.

The Young Workers Organisation of Afghanistan and the Alliance of Peace and Progress Fighters of Afghanistan joined the alliance sometime around 1988–1989.
Gila (TV series)
Gila (Urdu: گلہ; lit: Grievance), is a Pakistani television soap opera starring Wahaj Ali along with Anzela Abbasi, daughter of actress Javeria Abbasi.

It was first aired on 5 December 2016, replacing Be Aitbaar. It aired every Monday to Friday  at 7:00pm PST.

Wahaj Ali
Wahaj Ali (born 1 December 1988) is a Pakistani actor known for his work predominantly in Urdu television. He is a recipient of several accolades including two Lux Style Awards, alongside two Hum Awards nominations.

He made his acting debut with Hum TV's soap drama Ishq Ibadat (2015) and subsequently appeared in Gila (2016). He then started in Mah-e-Tamaam (2018) and ISPR based Ehd-e-Wafa (2019). Ali gained praise for his portrayal as a obsessive lover in the drama Fitoor and as an Bengali fighter based on Shafi Imam Rumi in the historical drama Jo Bichar Gaye both (2021). The romance drama Tere Bin (2023) marked a turning point in his career and he gained further success with Mujhe Pyaar Hua Tha (2023). The former earned him the Lux Style Award for Best TV Actor. This success was followed by two poorly-received dramas.
Jim Weatherwax
James Michael Weatherwax (born January 9, 1943) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football at San Bernardino Valley College, California State University, Los Angeles and West Texas A&M University.

San Bernardino Valley College
San Bernardino Valley College is a public community college in San Bernardino, California. It is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The college has an enrollment of 17,044 students and covers 82 acres (33 ha). Valley College is also a part of the San Bernardino Community College District which includes Crafton Hills College located in nearby Yucaipa and the Professional Development Center in San Bernardino.