hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Peak (Washington)
Martin Peak is an 8,509-foot (2,594-metre) mountain summit located in the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. Martin Peak is situated 80 miles northeast of Seattle, and 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of Holden, in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest. Martin Peak ranks 57th on Washington's highest 100 peaks, and 54th on the "Bulger List". The nearest higher neighbor is Bonanza Peak, 2.35 miles (3.78 km) to the west, and Riddle Peak lies 3.7 miles (6.0 km) to the east-southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glacier in the east cirque drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek and Company Creek. Topographic relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises 4,900 feet above the Railroad Creek Valley in approximately two miles (3.2 km). The first ascent of the peak was made in July 1936 by Ida Zacher Darr.

Bonanza Peak (Washington)
Bonanza Peak is a tall peak in the North Cascades in the U.S. state of Washington and the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the Wenatchee National Forest. At 9,516 feet (2,900 m) in elevation, it is the highest point in Chelan County, and the highest non-volcanic peak in Washington. and the Cascade Range as a whole. Bonanza Peak's prominence is 3,711 feet (1,131 m), making it the 26th most prominent peak in Washington. The nearest higher peak is Glacier Peak, 14.4 miles (23.2 km) to the southwest.

Bonanza Peak is flanked with three large glaciers: Company Glacier to the north, Mary Green Glacier to the east, and Isella Glacier to the south.
Frohnauer Hammer
The Frohnauer Hammer is an historic hammer mill in Frohnau, a village in the municipality of Annaberg-Buchholz in the Ore Mountains of southeast Germany. The mill is an important witness to proto-industrial development in the Ore Mountains. Of the once-numerous hammer mills only three others remain working in Saxony: the Dorfchemnitz Iron Hammer Mill, the Grünthal Copper Hammer Mill and the Freibergsdorf Hammer Mill.

In 1907 the Frohnauer Hammer Mill on the Sehma river became the first technical monument in Saxony. The museum complex includes the hammer mill itself, an exhibition of forged artefacts, a hand forge, a mechanical "Christmas hill" (Weihnachtsberg) and a bobbin lace room.

Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz
Eisenhammer Dorfchemnitz is an historic hammer mill in Dorfchemnitz in the Ore Mountains of Germany. 
The mill is an important witness to proto-industrial development in the Ore Mountains. Of the once-numerous hammer mills only three others remain working in Saxony apart from the Frohnauer Hammer: the Frohnauer Hammer Mill, the Grünthal Copper Hammer Mill and the Freibergsdorf Hammer Mill.

The mill, which is situated on the Chemnitzbach stream, has been a technology museum since 1969 which, in addition to the actual hammer mill, also has a local history room.
Torresdale, Philadelphia
Philadelphia portal

Torresdale, also formerly known as Torrisdale, is a neighborhood in the Far Northeast section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Torresdale is located along the Delaware River between Holmesburg and Bensalem Township in neighboring Bucks County.

The adjacent confluence of the Poquessing Creek with the Delaware River had been favored by William Penn's surveyor, Thomas Holme, as the site for the city that Penn planned to found. Although a more southerly site was finally selected, Holme and others acquired property there, where he is buried.

Northeast Philadelphia
Northeast Philadelphia, nicknamed Northeast Philly, the Great Northeast, and known colloquially as simply "the Northeast", is a section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. According to the 2000 census, Northeast Philadelphia has a population of between 300,000 and 450,000, depending on how the area is defined. The Northeast is known as being home to a large and diverse working class population, including Polish, German, Jewish, Russian, African American, Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Guatemalan, Ukrainian, Indian, Chinese, Irish, and Vietnamese neighborhoods.
Ulyanovsk
Ulyanovsk, known as Simbirsk until 1924, is a city and the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River 705 kilometers (438 mi) east of Moscow. Ulyanovsk has been the only Russian UNESCO City of Literature since 2015.

The city was the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov), for whom it was renamed after his death in 1924; and of Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the Russian Provisional Government which Lenin overthrew during the October Revolution of 1917. It is also famous for its writers such as Ivan Goncharov, Nikolay Yazykov and Nikolay Karamzin, and for painters such as Arkady Plastov and Nikas Safronov.

Nikolay Yazykov
Nikolay Mikhailovich Yazykov (Russian: Никола́й Миха́йлович Язы́ков; March 16 [O.S. March 4] 1803 – January 7 1847 [O.S. December 26, 1846]) was a Russian poet and Slavophile who in the 1820s rivalled Alexander Pushkin and Yevgeny Baratynsky as the most popular poet of his generation.
Diocese of Madison
The Diocese of Madison (Latin: Diœcesis Madisonensis) is a Latin Church diocese in the southwestern part of Wisconsin in the United States. The diocese has approximately 167,000 Catholics in 102 parishes with 98 priests in active ministry.

As of 2025, the bishop of Madison is Donald J. Hying. St. Bernard Catholic Church is expected to be consecrated as the cathedral in 2025; the previous cathedral, Cathedral of St. Raphael, was destroyed by fire in 2005.

St. Bernard Catholic Church (Madison, Wisconsin)
St. Bernard Catholic Church, in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, is a parish church in the Diocese of Madison. The parish was founded in 1907 and the church building was completed in 1927. In 2023, Bishop Donald J. Hying petitioned the Holy See to designate the church building as the diocesan cathedral. Pope Francis erected St. Bernard's as the new cathedral the same year. The consecration of the church as a cathedral is expected to take place in 2025.
Lake Kuş
Lake Kuş (Turkish: Kuş Gölü, lit. 'Bird Lake') or  Lake Manyas (Turkish: Manyas Gölü) is a lake in western Turkey, located in the Bandırma region. It is a shallow nutrient-rich freshwater lake (average depth 3 m) fed by groundwater and four streams. Small deltas have formed where the latter enter the lake, comprising extensive marshes and tree-lined riverbanks. Narrow belts of reed Phragmites fringe much of the lake. Water is abstracted for factory use and for irrigation. Cattle and sheep grazing are common along the lake shores.

Bandırma
Bandırma (Turkish: [banˈdɯɾma]) is a city, municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, northwestern Turkey. Its area is 755 km2, and its population is 167,363 (2024). Bandırma is located in the south of the Marmara Sea, in the bay with the same name, and is an important port city. It is approximately two hours away from Istanbul, İzmir and Bursa.

Bandırma may be reached by land, sea, air and rail. Regular ship trips are made to Tekirdağ and Istanbul from Bandırma every day. The accelerated train services between İzmir and Bandırma, which are made every day in connection with the ferry, offer a different transportation alternative.

Bandırma is home to the fifth-largest port in Turkey, second in the Marmara sea to Istanbul. The annual average trade volume of Bandırma Port, which meets 90% of the exports from Balıkesir Province, is 800 million dollars.
Antara Kak
Antara Kak is an Indian film director and producer, predominantly based in India. She is daughter of Siddharth Kak (of Surabhi fame) and his wife, Gita Siddharth. Antara won acclaim and an award for her debut venture: A Life in Dance - Daksha Sheth.

Siddharth Kak
Siddharth Kak is an Indian documentary maker, television producer, and presenter, best known as the producer and presenter of Surabhi (1990–2001). Subsequently, Kak established the 'Surabhi Foundation' with the assistance of Ford Foundation and started a project on preserving cultural artefacts.
UQCRFS1
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1, also known as UQCRFS1, Rieske iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein, Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 5, or Complex III subunit 5 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the UQCRFS1 gene. UQCRFS1 is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein Ubiquinol Cytochrome c Reductase (UQCR, Complex III or Cytochrome bc1 complex), which consists of both the product of one mitochondrially encoded gene, MTCYTB (mitochondrial cytochrome b) and the products of ten nuclear genes UQCRC1, UQCRC2, Cytochrome C1, UQCRFS1 (this protein, a type of Rieske protein), UQCRB,UQCRQ ("11kDa protein"), UQCRH (cyt c1 Hinge protein), UCRC ("cyt. c1 associated protein"), and UQCR ("Rieske-associated protein").

UQCRB
Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein, also known as UQCRB, Complex III subunit 7, QP-C, or Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex 14 kDa protein is a protein which in humans is encoded by the UQCRB gene. This gene encodes a subunit of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex, which consists of one mitochondrial-encoded and 10 nuclear-encoded subunits. Mutations in this gene are associated with mitochondrial complex III deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 1, 5 and X.
Don Harwin
Donald Thomas Harwin (born 5 July 1964) is an Australian politician. He was the New South Wales Special Minister of State and the Minister for the Public Service and Employee Relations, Aboriginal Affairs, and the Arts in the second Berejiklian ministry since April 2019; and the Vice-President of the Executive Council, and the Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council since January 2017 in the Berejiklian government. He briefly resigned from his roles with effect from 15 April 2020, but was reinstated on 3 July 2020.

Harwin was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, representing the Liberal Party, from 27 March 1999 until his resignation on 22 March 2022.

Harwin served as the Minister for the Arts, the Minister for Resources and the Minister for Energy and Utilities in the first Berejiklian ministry, from January 2017 until March 2019, and served as the twentieth President of the New South Wales Legislative Council between May 2011 and January 2017.

Jeremy Buckingham
Jeremy Buckingham (born 22 November 1973) is an Australian politician who has served as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council since 2023, having previously held the same office from 2011 until 2019.

Buckingham was a member of the Greens until he resigned from the party in 2018. He returned to parliament at the 2023 election as a member of the Legalise Cannabis Party.
Mammoth Records
Mammoth Records was an independent record label founded in 1989 by Jay Faires in the Carrboro area of Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The majority of the acts on Mammoth were executive-produced by Faires and the label's general manager, Steve Balcom. The label was the first independent to produce two platinum records.

Mammoth's roster included Antenna, The Backsliders, Bandit Queen, The Bats, Blake Babies, Chainsaw Kittens, Clarissa. Dash Rip Rock, Dillon Fence, Frente!, Fu Manchu, Fun-Da-Mental, Jason & the Scorchers, Jocelyn Montgomery, Joe Henry, Juliana Hatfield, Kill Creek, Machines of Loving Grace, Mark Lizotte, My Friend Steve, Pure, Seven Mary Three, Squirrel Nut Zippers, The Hope Blister, The Melvins, The Sidewinders, Vanilla Trainwreck, and Victoria Williams.

Antenna (band)
Antenna was an American indie rock band active from 1991 to 1994.

The group was put together in Bloomington, Indiana by John Strohm and Freda Love, who had previously played together in the group Blake Babies. After adding local musicians Jacob Smith and Vess Ruhtenberg to the lineup, they began recording some of the songs Strohm had written while a member of the Blake Babies. Their debut full-length followed on Mammoth Records not long afterwards.

After the departure of Ruhtenberg and Love, Patrick Spurgeon joined the group and an EP, Sleep, was released in 1992. The full-length Hideout followed in 1993, with Ed Ackerson filling in on second guitar for the departed Ruhtenberg. Love returned for the For Now EP, also issued in 1993, but it was the group's last before dissolving. Following the breakup, Love and Smith married, and Strohm formed Velo-Deluxe before moving on to a solo career later in the decade.
Donnybrook, Western Australia
Donnybrook is a town situated between Boyanup and Kirup on the South Western Highway, 210 kilometres (130 mi) south of Perth, Western Australia. The town is the centre of apple cultivation in Western Australia. The town is also known for its picturesque abundance of English oak trees, as well as for the Apple Fun Park, a large outdoor playground in the centre of town.

Quercus robur
Quercus robur, the pedunculate (or "English") oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is a large tree, native to most of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated in other temperate regions. It grows on soils of near neutral acidity in the lowlands and is notable for its value to natural ecosystems, supporting a very wide diversity of herbivorous insects and other pests, predators and pathogens.
East Bay
37°42′N 122°00′W﻿ / ﻿37.7°N 122°W﻿ / 37.7; -122

The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. With a population of roughly 2.8 million in 2024, it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area, containing the second- and third-most populous Bay Area counties of Alameda (1.7 million) and Contra Costa (1.1 million).

Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay by population and the third largest in the Bay Area. The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast, and its port is the largest in Northern California. Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda, Concord, Emeryville, Fremont, Hayward, Livermore, Pleasanton, San Ramon, and Walnut Creek.

Walnut Creek, California
Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about 16 miles (26 kilometers) east of the city of Oakland, California and 25 miles (40 kilometers) east of San Francisco. Walnut Creek has a total population of 70,127 per the 2020 census, is located at the junction of the highways from Sacramento, California and San Jose, California (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24), and is accessible by BART. The city shares its borders with Clayton, California, Lafayette, California, Alamo, California, Pleasant Hill, California, and Concord, California.
Cobra's fang
The cobra's fang is a vintage tiki cocktail invented by Donn Beach that calls for a mixture of rums along with fassionola and falernum  syrups, the juice of orange and limes, and a dash each of bitters and grenadine. The recipe from the book Hawai'i: Tropical Rum Drinks & Cuisine By Don the Beachcomber calls for it being garnished with fresh mint and a lime wheel, although a length of spiral cut lime peel made to look like a snake is used for aesthetics in some cobra named cocktails.

Tiki bar
A tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum-based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture décor which is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian. Some bars also incorporate general nautical themes or retro elements from the early atomic age.

Many early tiki bars were attached to hotels or were the bar sections for large Asian restaurants. While some are freestanding, cocktail-only affairs, many still serve food; and some hotel-related tiki establishments are still in existence. Large tiki bars may also incorporate a stage for live entertainment. Musicians such as Alfred Apaka and Don Ho played a historically important role in their popularity, and the bars also booked acts such as exotica-style bands and Polynesian dance floor shows.
Malcolm Burn
Malcolm Burn (born October 4, 1960) is a Canadian-born music producer, recording engineer and musician. Emmylou Harris's Red Dirt Girl, produced by Burn, won Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 2001 Grammys.

Red Dirt Girl
Red Dirt Girl is the nineteenth studio album by American country artist Emmylou Harris, released on September 12, 2000 by Nonesuch Records. The album was a significant departure for Harris, as eleven of the twelve tracks were written or co-written by her. At the time, she was best known for covering other songwriters' work. Prior to this album, only two of Harris' LPs had more than two of her own compositions (Gliding Bird in 1969, and The Ballad of Sally Rose in 1985). Her next album, Stumble into Grace, was also written by Harris. The album contains "Bang the Drum Slowly", a song Guy Clark helped Harris write as an elegy for her father. The album peaked at number 3 on the Billboard country album charts and won the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album in 2001.
Charles Horton Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley (August 17, 1864 – May 7, 1929) was an American sociologist. He was the son of Michigan Supreme Court Judge Thomas M. Cooley. He studied and went on to teach economics and sociology at the University of Michigan.

He was a founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905 and became its eighth president in 1918. He is perhaps best known for his concept of the looking-glass self, which is the concept that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others.

Thomas M. Cooley
Thomas McIntyre Cooley (January 6, 1824 – September 12, 1898) was an American jurist who served on the Michigan Supreme Court from 1864 to 1885, presiding as its Chief Justice for his final year. He also served as the first chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Cooley was one of the first three faculty members of the University of Michigan Law School and served as its dean from 1871 to 1883. During his tenure, he published widely read treatises on constitutional, taxation, and tort law. In 1972, Western Michigan University opened its Cooley Law School in his honor.
Ttn
ttn (the total news) was a 30 minute weekly Australian news program aimed at school-aged (9- to 14-year-old) children produced and broadcast by Network Ten from 2004 to 2008. It presented current issues and events in a way that could be understood and further explored by its intended viewers.

ttn premiered on 3 February 2004. It was created in the wake of an outcry against the cancellation of Behind the News, a long running ABC TV program similar in objective to ttn that was axed for a time due to budget cuts. ttn itself was axed in December 2008 after five years on air following budgetary constraints.

ttn aired every Tuesday each week during the school year. Episodes were supplemented by features and activities printed weekly in News Limited newspapers.

Behind the News
Behind the News (more commonly known as BTN) is an Australian children's news program televised by the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Described as an 'educational news program aimed at 10–13 year old kids', BTN is commonly used by schools in Australia as an education tool to help children catch up with current affairs and issues.

BTN currently has three shows. Classroom is the flagship weekly show that investigates various news topics for 10–13 year olds. Newsbreak is a daily news show to help Australians kids stay informed on current affairs within 5 minutes. High is exclusive to digital platforms and goes more in-depth into topics that are more appropriate for high school students.
Crazy Town
Crazy Town (sometimes abbreviated as CXT) was an American rap rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1995 by Bret "Epic" Mazur and Shifty Shellshock (Seth Brooks Binzer). Their 2000 single "Butterfly", reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and helped their debut album, The Gift of Game (1999), sell over 1.6 million units. Their follow-up album, Darkhorse (2002), failed to achieve the same level of success, contributing to the band's breakup in 2003.

Mazur and Binzer reformed the band in 2007 and released their third album, The Brimstone Sluggers, in 2015. In 2017, Mazur left the band, and Binzer changed its name to Crazy Town X. In March 2024, the band released the EP Flirting with Disaster. Binzer died in June 2024, leaving the future of the band unclear.

Rap rock
Rap rock is a music genre that developed from the early to mid-1980s, when hip hop DJs incorporated rock records into their routines and rappers began incorporating original and sampled rock instrumentation into hip hop music. Rap rock is considered to be rock music in which lyrics are rapped, rather than sung. The genre achieved its greatest success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Special Protection Group
The Special Protection Group (SPG) is an agency under the  Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India, whose sole responsibility is protecting the Prime Minister of India and, in some cases, their family. It was formed in 1988 by an Act of the Parliament of India. The agency protects the Prime Minister at all times, both in India and abroad, as well as the Prime Minister's immediate family members. Family members, however, may decline security.

Previously, the SPG's mandate included protecting the prime minister's "parents, wife  [sic] and children" resident anywhere in India during their term of office and for five years after leaving office. However, the Special Protection Group (Amendment) Act, 2019 reduced such mandate. Presently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is the only SPG protectee.

Cabinet Secretariat (India)
The Cabinet Secretariat (IAST: Mantrimanḍala Sacivālaya) is responsible for the administration of the Government of India. It provides secretarial assistance to the Cabinet of India and facilitates smooth transaction of business between Ministries and Departments of the Government. Since its creation, it has functioned from the Rashtrapati Bhavan on Raisina Hill in New Delhi. In September 2025, the office was shifted to its new building named Seva Teerth in the Executive Enclave, that was developed under the Central Vista Redevelopment Project.

The Cabinet Secretariat is under the charge of the Prime Minister of India and is headed by the Cabinet Secretary.
Thermal oxidation
In microfabrication, thermal oxidation is a way to produce a thin layer of oxide (usually silicon dioxide) on the surface of a wafer.  The technique forces an oxidizing agent to diffuse into the wafer at high temperature and react with it. The rate of oxide growth is often predicted by the Deal–Grove model. Thermal oxidation may be applied to different materials, but most commonly involves the oxidation of silicon substrates to produce silicon dioxide.

Deal–Grove model
The Deal–Grove model mathematically describes the growth of an oxide layer on the surface of a material.  In particular, it is used to predict and interpret thermal oxidation of silicon in semiconductor device fabrication. The model was first published in 1965 by Bruce Deal and Andrew Grove of Fairchild Semiconductor, building on Mohamed M. Atalla's work on silicon surface passivation by thermal oxidation at Bell Labs in the late 1950s. This served as a step in the development of CMOS devices and the fabrication of integrated circuits.