hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reginald le Chen (died 1312)
Sir Reginald le Chen or Cheyne (c.1235–1312) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble. He was a sheriff of Nairn, sheriff of Inverness and Baron of Inverugie.

Reginald was the son of Sir Reginald le Chen (d.1293) and an unknown daughter of John Comyn of Buchan. He was the Sheriff of Inverness in 1297.

In 1305, it was recorded that Reginald received a grant from King Edward I of England of 200 oaks from the royal forests of Longmorn and Darnaway "to build his manor of Dufhous" (Duffus Castle).

Sir Reginald Le Chen died before November 1312.

Duffus Castle
Duffus Castle, near Elgin, Moray, Scotland, was a motte-and-bailey castle and was in use from c. 1140 to 1705.  During its occupation it underwent many alterations.  The most fundamental was the destruction of the original wooden structure and its replacement with one of stone.  At the time of its establishment,  it was one of the most secure fortifications in Scotland.  At the death of the 2nd Lord Duffus in 1705, the castle had become totally unsuitable as a dwelling and so was abandoned.
Mayabazar (1936 film)
Mayabazar (also known as Sasirekha Parinayam) is a 1936 Indian Telugu-language fantasy film directed by P. V. Das and produced by Vel Pictures. The film stars Yadavalli Nageswara Rao, S. P. Lakshmana Swamy, Rami Reddy, and Santhakumari. Music was composed by Galipenchala Narasimha Rao.

The story is an adaptation of the folk tale Sasirekha Parinayam, which in turn is based on the epic Mahabharata. The film was a huge hit. P. V. Das died before the release of the film.

Ghatotkacha
Ghatotkacha (Sanskrit: घटोत्कच, IAST: Ghaṭotkaca; lit. 'Bald Pot') is a character in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. His name comes from the fact that he was bald (utkacha) and his head was shaped like a ghatam, or a pot. He is the son of the Pandava Bhima and the rakshasi Hidimbi.

As the head of one akshauhini army, he was an important fighter from the Pandava side in the Kurukshetra War and caused a great deal of destruction to the Kaurava army. Ghatotkacha killed many demons like Alambusha, Alayudha, and many gigantic asuras. He was specifically called out as the warrior who forced Karna to use his vasavi shakti weapon, and courted a hero’s death in the great war.
Imarex
The International Maritime Exchange or Imarex is an Oslo-based exchange for trading forward freight agreements (FFAs). It started trading tanker freight futures contracts in 2001, followed by dry cargo freight futures contracts in 2002. All futures contracts are cleared by the Norwegian Futures and Options Clearing House (NOS). Imarex is owned by Imarex ASA (formerly known as Imarex NOS) and has subsidiaries in Oslo, Singapore, Genova and Houston (USA).

Imarex ASA
Imarex ASA also known as the Imarex Group is a Norwegian company that operates a number of services related to shipping management including the futures exchange International Maritime Exchange (Imarex), the Norwegian Futures and Options Clearing House (NOS) and the commodity exchange Fish Pool. The group was created in 2006 when Imarex and NOS merged, under the name Imarex NOS. In 2007 the group changed its name to Imarex ASA. The primary owners are Frontline (15%) and DnB NOR (14%). The group also provides brokerage services within the carbon emission trade and energy trade.
Heskestad
Heskestad is a village in Lund municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The village is located in the western part of Lund, along the European route E39 highway and the Sørlandet Line, about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of the village of Moi. Heskestad Station is a now-closed railway station located in the village.

Heskestad is also a parish in the Church of Norway.  Heskestad Church, dating back to 1904, is located in the village and it is the church for the parish, serving the western part of Lund.

Heskestad was the administrative centre of the municipality of Heskestad which existed from 1838 until 1965.

Heskestad (municipality)
Heskestad is a former municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.  The 222-square-kilometre (86 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1965.  The administrative centre was the village of Heskestad where the Heskestad Church is located.  The municipality encompassed the western part of the present-day municipality of Lund and the far northern part of the present-day municipality of Eigersund.
Gododdin
The Gododdin (Welsh pronunciation: [ɡɔˈdɔðɪn]) were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period.  Descendants of the Votadini, they are best known as the subject of the 6th-century Welsh poem Y Gododdin, which memorialises the Battle of Catraeth and is attributed to Aneirin.

The name Gododdin is the Modern Welsh form, but the name appeared in Old Welsh as Guotodin and derived from the tribal name Votadini recorded in Classical sources, such as in Greek texts from the Roman period.

Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.

The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, and Durham, as well as the Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria, and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M, thought to have arisen somewhere in East Asia, between roughly 60,000 and 35,000 years ago (in the Late Pleistocene, before the Last Glacial Maximum and the settlement of the Americas).

In contemporary populations, it is found especially in Central and Northeast Asia. 
Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%).

Barga (tribe)
The Barga (Mongol: Барга; simplified Chinese: 巴尔虎部; traditional Chinese: 巴爾虎部; pinyin: Bā'ěrhǔ Bù) are a subgroup of the Buryats which gave its name to the Baikal region – "Bargujin-Tukum" (Bargujin Tökhöm) – "the land's end", according to the conception of Mongol peoples in the 13th and 14th centuries.
Pittsfield Municipal Airport (Massachusetts)
Pittsfield Municipal Airport (IATA: PSF, ICAO: KPSF, FAA LID: PSF) is two miles west of Pittsfield, in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a general aviation facility.

The first airline flights were Mohawk DC-3s, 1953 to 1958; Northeast DC-3s stopped at Pittsfield 1953-54 to 1962. Flights on commuter airlines like Command Airways and Precision Airlines lasted until 1983-84; Precision flew to Rutland, Vermont and New York City LaGuardia Airport.

Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Pittsfield is the most populous city in and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at the 2020 census. Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts.
Frans Kellendonk
Franciscus Gerardus Petrus "Frans" Kellendonk (7 January 1951 – 15 February 1990) was a Dutch novelist, writer and translator.

In 1987 he won the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs for his novel Mystiek lichaam (Mystical Body).

Some of his writing was seen as controversial.

His literary archive and personal papers are part of the archive collection of Leiden University.

Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize
The Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize (Dutch: F. Bordewijk-prijs) is a literary award, presented annually by the Jan Campert Foundation to the author of the best Dutch prose book. The prize was established in 1948 as the Vijverberg Prize, before being named after the Dutch author Ferdinand Bordewijk in 1979. As of 2024 the prize includes a cash prize of €6000.
In Style (horse)
In Style was a Holsteiner gelding ridden by Canadian Equestrian Team member Ian Millar in the sport of show jumping. He was imported to Canada from the Netherlands in 2003. His full brother, VDL Atlantic, is also an international show jumper. Furthermore, VDL Atlantic was a Zangersheide-approved stallion with approved sons of his own. The dam of In Style and Atlantic is Diana, a full sister to Lord Z, himself a strong sire and FEI show jumper under Franke Sloothaak and John Whitaker.
In Style was reported to be a sensitive horse with a Thoroughbred-like disposition.

In Style was best known for representing Canada on the international scene. He and Ian Millar were members of silver medal teams at both the 2007 Rio de Janeiro Pan American Games and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Ian Millar
Ian Millar CM (born January 6, 1947) is a Canadian Equestrian Team athlete for show jumping. He is a two-time winner of the Show Jumping World Cup, and an Olympic silver medallist. Due to his longevity and accomplishments, he is often nicknamed "Captain Canada." He holds the record for most Olympic appearances by any athlete in any sport (10), shared with Georgian shooter Nino Salukvadze. A member of Canada's 2012 Olympic Games team, he broke the record when he took part in his tenth Games in London 2012.
Neunkirchen (German district)
Neunkirchen (German: [ˈnɔʏnkɪʁçn̩] ⓘ) is a Kreis (district) in the middle of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are Sankt Wendel, Saarpfalz, Saarbrücken, and Saarlouis in Saarland and Kusel in Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarbrücken (district)
The Regionalverband Saarbrücken is a Kommunalverband besonderer Art, an integration of a  district (Kreis) and a district-free city. It is located in the south of the Saarland, Germany. Neighboring districts are Saarlouis, Neunkirchen, Saar-Pfalz, and Forbach-Boulay-Moselle and Sarreguemines in the French département Moselle.
Sigma Draconis
Sigma Draconis is a single star in the northern constellation of Draco. It has the proper name Alsafi /ælˈseɪfi/, while Sigma Draconis, which is latinised from σ Draconis and abbreviated Sig Dra or σ Dra, is the Bayer designation. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 4.7, which is bright enough to be faintly visible to the naked eye. Based on parallax measurements, this star is located at a distance of 18.8 light years from the Sun. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of 26.6 km/s.

Draco (constellation)
Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century Greek astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations today. The north pole of the ecliptic is in Draco. Draco is circumpolar from northern latitudes, meaning that it never sets and can be seen at any time of year.
Obayashi Station
Obayashi Station (小林駅, Obayashi-eki, station number: HK-26) is a passenger railway station  located in the city of  Takarazuka Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by the private transportation company Hankyu Railway.

Takarazuka, Hyōgo
Takarazuka (宝塚市, Takarazuka-shi) is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 February 2024, the city had an estimated population of 221,846 in 96,729 households and a population density of 2,200 persons per km². The total area of the city is 101.80 square kilometres (39.31 sq mi). Known as the "inner parlor" of Kansai, Takarazuka is famous for the Takarazuka Revue, hot springs, and the Takarazuka Tourism Fireworks Display held since 1913. It is also famous as a choice residential area along with Ashiya and Nishinomiya.
St-connectivity
In computer science, st-connectivity or STCON is a decision problem asking, for vertices s and t in a directed graph, if t is reachable from s.

Formally, the decision problem is given by

PATH = {⟨D, s, t⟩ | D is a directed graph with a path from vertex s to t}.

Reachability
In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex  can reach a vertex  (and  is reachable from ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with  and ends with .

In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ( reaches  iff  reaches ). The connected components of an undirected graph can be identified in linear time. The remainder of this article focuses on the more difficult problem of determining pairwise reachability in a directed graph (which, incidentally, need not be symmetric).
Golden Spike Ostrava
Golden Spike (Czech: Zlatá tretra) is an annual athletics event at the Městský Stadion in Ostrava-Vítkovice, Czech Republic as part of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings. It is a Gold-level meeting on the World Athletics Continental Tour — one of the top tiers just below the Diamond League. It was first organized in 1961.

The history of the meeting was interrupted in 1999, when the meeting was not held due to the apparent lack of interest of sponsors. From 2003 to 2009 the IAAF classified the Zlatá tretra meeting among IAAF Grand Prix meetings.

Městský stadion (Ostrava)
Městský stadion v Ostravě-Vítkovicích ('City Stadium in Ostrava-Vítkovice') is a multi-purpose stadium in Vítkovice, district of Ostrava, Czech Republic. Used primarily for football, it is the home stadium of FC Vítkovice and FC Baník Ostrava. It also hosts the annual Golden Spike Ostrava athletics meeting. The stadium holds 15,123 spectators. It hosted the 2018 IAAF Continental Cup.
Muskogee Phoenix
The Muskogee Phoenix is a daily newspaper published in Muskogee, Oklahoma, United States, covering several counties of northeastern Oklahoma. It is owned by CNHI.  The paper is printed five days a week (Tuesday-Saturday), while digital access is available 7 days a week.

The Phoenix was founded in February 1888, when Oklahoma was still a territory.

From 1980 through 1986, Marjorie Paxson was publisher.

Muskogee, Oklahoma
Muskogee (/məˈskoʊɡiː/) is the 13th-largest city in Oklahoma and is the county seat of Muskogee County.  It lies approximately 48 miles (77 km) southeast of Tulsa. The population of the city was 36,878 as of the 2020 census, a 6.0% decrease from 39,223 in 2010.
Battle of Asiago
The Battle of Asiago, also known as Südtirol Offensive or Battle of the Plateaux (in Italian: Battaglia degli Altipiani), wrongly nicknamed Strafexpedition " (German for "punitive expedition"; this name has no reference in official Austrian documentation of the time and it is considered to be of popular origin), began with a major offensive launched on 15 May 1916 by the Austro-Hungarians on the territory of Vicentine Alps in the Italian Front of World War I. It was an "unexpected" attack that took place in the Asiago plateau (province of Vicenza, in northeast Italy, then at the border between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary) after the Fifth Battle of the Isonzo (March 1916). The Austro-Hungarian offensive, initially successful, was followed by an Italian counter-offensive reconquering much of the lost ground and Asiago.

Commemorating this battle and the soldiers killed in World War I is the Asiago War Memorial (province of Vicenza, Veneto, northeast Italy).

Asiago War Memorial
The Asiago War Memorial is a World War I memorial located in the town of Asiago in the Province of Vicenza in the Veneto region of northeast Italy. Surrounded by mountains that were the site of several World War I battles, the monument houses the remains of over 50,000 Italian and Austro-Hungarian soldiers and is a popular destination for travelers to the region. In Italian the memorial is called Sacrario Militare di Asiago or Sacrario Militare del Leiten. Leiten is the name of the hill on which the memorial sits.
Mystic Bridge Historic District
The Mystic Bridge Historic District is a historic district in the village of Mystic, Connecticut on the Stonington side of the Mystic River.  It includes the Mystic Seaport Museum, whose grounds and floating vessels represent the area's history, and the 1924 Mystic River Bascule Bridge.  The district is significant as a well-preserved shipbuilding and maritime village of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Mystic, Connecticut
Mystic is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in Groton and Stonington, Connecticut.

Mystic was a significant Connecticut seaport with more than 600 ships built over 135 years starting in 1784. Mystic Seaport, located in the village, is the largest maritime museum in the United States and has preserved a number of sailing ships, such as the whaling ship Charles W. Morgan. The village is located on the Mystic River which flows into Fishers Island Sound. The Mystic River Bascule Bridge crosses the river in the center of the village.  The name "Mystic" is derived from the Pequot term "missi-tuk" describing a large river whose waters are driven into waves by tides or wind. The population was 4,348 at the 2020 census.
Totton and Eling
Totton and Eling (/ˈtɒtən ænd ˈiːlɪŋ/) is a civil parish in Hampshire, England, with a population of 28,970 people. It contains the settlements of Totton, Eling, Calmore, Hounsdown, Rushington and Testwood. It is situated between the eastern edge of the New Forest and the River Test, close to the city of Southampton but outside the city boundary; the town is within the New Forest non-metropolitan district. Surrounding towns and villages include Ashurst, Marchwood, Cadnam and Ower.

Eling, Hampshire
Eling is a village in the civil parish of Totton and Eling, in the New Forest district, in the county of Hampshire, England. The parish was originally just called Eling, even though the larger town of Totton was described as the "principal place in the parish" from as early as 1875.

The village is located 86 miles (138 km) from London and is 5 miles northwest of the centre of Southampton.

The name "Eling" means 'Edla's people'. Eling was recorded in the Domesday Book as Edlinges.

Eling is known for the Eling Tide Mill, one of only two remaining operating tide mills in the United Kingdom. Whilst a mill at Eling is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, there is no evidence that there is any connection to the present mill, which was rebuilt roughly two hundred years ago after storm damage in the 1770s.

Eling has a toll bridge across a bridge which originally formed as a causeway across a dam built to create a mill pond.
Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney
Elizabeth Hamilton, Countess of Orkney (née Villiers; 1657 – 19 April 1733) was an English courtier from the Villiers family and the reputed mistress of William III, King of England and Scotland, from 1680 until 1695. She was a lady-in-waiting to his wife and co-monarch, Queen Mary II of England.

George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney
Field Marshal George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, KT (February 1666 – 29 January 1737), styled Lord George Hamilton from 1666 to 1696, was a British army officer and the first officer of the British Army to be promoted to the rank of field marshal. After commanding a Scots Army regiment for the cause of William of Orange during the Williamite War in Ireland, he commanded another Scottish regiment in the Low Countries during the Nine Years' War.

Hamilton led the final assault at the Battle of Blenheim attacking the village churchyard with eight infantry battalions and then receiving the surrender of its French defenders during the War of the Spanish Succession. He also led the charge of fifteen infantry battalions in an extremely bloody assault on the French entrenchments at the Battle of Malplaquet. In later life, Hamilton became a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I and was installed as governor of Edinburgh Castle.
Food browning
Browning is the process of food turning brown due to the chemical reactions that take place within. The process of browning is one of the chemical reactions that take place in food chemistry and represents an interesting research topic regarding health, nutrition, and food technology. Though there are many different ways food chemically changes over time, browning in particular falls into two main categories: enzymatic versus non-enzymatic browning processes.

Browning has many important implications on the food industry relating to nutrition, technology, and economic cost. Researchers are especially interested in studying the control (inhibition) of browning and the different methods that can be employed to maximize this inhibition and ultimately prolong the shelf life of food.

Browning (cooking)
Browning is the process of partially cooking the surface of meat to develop its flavor through various browning reactions and give it a more attractive color.

It is a common first step in cooking braised meats and stews, called pre-frying.
National Reformer
The National Reformer was a secularist weekly publication in 19th-century Britain (1860–1893), noted for providing a longstanding "strong, radical voice" in its time, advocating atheism. Under the editorship of Charles Bradlaugh for the majority of its lifespan, each issue stated that "The editorial policy of the Paper is Republican, Atheistic, and Malthusian, but all opinions are freely admitted, provided only that they be expressed reasonably and in proper language."

Charles Bradlaugh
Charles Bradlaugh (/ˈbrædlɔː/; 26 September 1833 – 30 January 1891) was an English politician and atheism activist. He founded the National Secular Society in 1866, 15 years after George Holyoake had coined the term "secularism" in 1851.

In 1880, Bradlaugh was elected as the Liberal MP for Northampton. His attempt to affirm as an atheist ultimately led to his temporary imprisonment, fines for voting in the House of Commons illegally, and a number of by-elections at which Bradlaugh regained his seat on each occasion. He was finally allowed to take an oath in 1886. Eventually, a parliamentary bill which he proposed became law in 1888, which allowed members of both Houses of Parliament to affirm, if they so wished, when being sworn in. The new law resolved the issue for witnesses in civil and criminal court cases.
Gangbuk District
Gangbuk District (Korean: 강북구; RR: Gangbuk-gu) is one of the 25 gu which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Its name is derived from its location north of the Han river. It was created from the neighbouring Dobong District in 1995. The current mayor is Park Gyeom-su.

Seongbuk District
Seongbuk District (Korean: 성북구; RR: Seongbuk-gu) is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. The district is located in the mid-north part of the city. The current mayor is Lee Seung-ro, who has been mayor since July 2018. Seongbuk District was established under Presidential Decree No. 159 on August 13, 1949 (including some areas of Dongdaemun District and some areas of Sungin-myeon, Goyang-gun), and was promoted to an autonomous district by implementing a Gu-level local government on May 1, 1988.