hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thibault Tricole
Thibault Tricole (born 11 October 1989) is a French professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Nicknamed "the French Touch", Tricole was the runner-up at the 2022 WDF World Championship, where he lost to Neil Duff in the final. Regarded as the best French player in the sport's history, he is the holder of several milestones for French darts: the first French player to reach a World Championship final, the first French player to compete at the PDC World Championship, and the first French player to win a match on the PDC European Tour. He was also the second French player to earn a PDC Tour Card after Jacques Labre.

Rob Cross
Robert Stefan Eric Cross (born 21 September 1990) is an English professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number twenty; he reached a peak ranking of world number two in 2018 and 2019. Nicknamed "Voltage", Cross is a former PDC World Champion, defeating Phil Taylor in the 2018 World Championship final after turning professional less than a year beforehand. He has won three other PDC major titles: the 2019 World Matchplay and the European Championship in 2019 and 2021. Cross has won a total of 21 PDC titles in his professional career, including five World Series of Darts titles.

Before turning professional he reached the last 32 at the UK Open, losing there to Michael van Gerwen, and won four titles on the PDC Challenge Tour in 2016, which earned him his PDC Tour Card.
Irving Fine
Irving Gifford Fine (December 3, 1914 – August 23, 1962) was an American composer. Fine's work assimilated neoclassical, romantic, and serial elements.  Composer Virgil Thomson described Fine's "unusual melodic grace" while Aaron Copland noted the "elegance, style, finish and...convincing continuity" of Fine's music.

Fine was a member of a close-knit group of Boston composers in the mid-20th century who were sometimes called the "Boston School." Other members of the Boston School included Arthur Berger, Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, Lukas Foss, and Harold Shapero.

Boston School (music)
The Boston School (also called the Stravinsky School) was a group of composers, most of them Jewish, from Boston, Massachusetts who were influenced by the neoclassicism of  Igor Stravinsky:

Many of them studied with Nadia Boulanger. Irving Fine described the music of Stravinsky and his followers as "diatonic and tonal or quasi-modal", pandiatonic, and concerned with chord spacing and rhythm.
Maumee High School (Ohio)
Maumee High School is a public high school in Maumee, Ohio, southwest of Toledo. It is the only high school in the Maumee City School District. Their mascot and sports teams are known as the "Maumee Panthers".  They are members of the Northern Buckeye Conference and their rivals are the Anthony Wayne Generals and former historic rival being Perrysburg Yellow Jackets

Maumee High School is one of only four high schools that have a Heisman Trophy on display, donated by alum Richard Kazmaier, who won it while at Princeton University.

Maumee City School District
Maumee City School District is a public school district in Northwest Ohio. The school district serves students who live in the city of Maumee and some adjacent areas of Toledo in Lucas County. The superintendent is Mr. Steve Lee.  It comprises the following schools:

Fairfield Elementary — grades K-3

Fort Miami Elementary — grades K-3

Maumee Intermediate School — grades 4-5

Maumee Middle School — grades 6-8

Maumee High School — grades 9-12

School colors are Purple and Gold
Bani Hadiyah
The Bani Hadiyah (Arabic: بني هدية) is a tribe of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), originating in Ras Al Khaimah and also in areas of Northern Oman.

The Bani Hadiyah is one of two main sections of the Shihuh tribe. The other is the Bani Shatair. The Bani Hadiyah is also divided into sections, including the Kumzarah and Habus. Traditionally, the Shihuh changed domicile, taking work in Ras Al Khaimah, including the villages of Sha'am and Rams during the pearling season and farming in the Ruus Al Jibal area of the Hajar Mountains during the winter.

The relationship between the Shihuh and the Rulers of Ras Al Khaimah was often fractious, and both Rams and Sha'am seceded several times before, in 1921, becoming part of the recognised Trucial State of Ras Al Khaimah.

Shihuh
The Shihuh (Arabic: الشحوح, al-Shiḥuḥ) is an Arab tribe living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman. In the singular, the name is Al Shehhi, a common family name in the UAE and Oman today. Inhabiting the northern part of the Hajar Mountain range, specifically in the Ruus Al Jibal (Musandam Peninsula), the tribe has long been influential in the affairs of both the east and west coast settlements of the northern UAE and Oman and has fiercely maintained both its identity and independence.
Lollardy
Lollardy was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic theologian who was later dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for heresy. The Lollards' demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity. They formulated their beliefs in the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards.

The Testimony of William Thorpe
The Testimony of William Thorpe is a Middle English text dating from 1407. The putative author William Thorpe may have been a Lollard, a follower of John Wycliffe. Although doubts have been raised about the historical accuracy of the Testimony, where its details can be checked they are almost always reliable.

The Testimony purports to record Thorpe's interrogation for heresy (or at least for information regarding Lollardy) by Thomas Arundel, Archbishop of Canterbury. The text goes beyond simply recording the events, and includes many of Thorpe's reactions to the proceedings and dialogues with Arundel. Although it suggests an impending martyrdom, the Testimony gives no clue as to Thorpe's punishment—if any.
Centennial Conference
The Centennial Conference is an intercollegiate athletic conference which competes in the NCAA's Division III. Chartered member teams are located in Maryland and Pennsylvania; associate members are also located in New York and Virginia.

Eleven private colleges compose the chartered member teams of the Centennial Conference. Five of its 11 members rank among the top 50 national liberal arts colleges and Johns Hopkins University is ranked sixth among national universities.

On average, Centennial members sponsor 19 varsity teams. Conference members have won seventeen NCAA team titles: Johns Hopkins women's cross country (2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2021), Gettysburg women's lacrosse (2011, 2017, 2018), Haverford men's cross country (2010), Franklin & Marshall women's lacrosse (2007, 2009), Ursinus field hockey (2006), Washington men's lacrosse (1998), and Washington men's tennis (1994, 1997).

McDaniel College
McDaniel College is a private college in Westminster, Maryland, United States, established in 1867.  McDaniel College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college also has a satellite campus, McDaniel College Budapest, in Budapest, Hungary. The college owns and manages a shopping center and residential properties through its for-profit arm.
Electrocrania
Electrocrania is an extinct genus of micropterigid moth. It is known from two species found in Eocene aged Baltic amber. The genus was originally described by Nikolai Yakovlevich Kuznetsov in 1941. The genus was subsequently synonymised with Micropterix, until a second species was described in 2015, which restored it as a distinct genus.

Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that this forested region provided the resin for more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014 and 400 tonnes in 2015. Baltic amber is also found in Poland, as well as the Baltic states.

Bitterfeld amber from the brown coal mines near Bitterfeld in Germany was previously thought to be redeposited Baltic amber, but is now known to be chemically distinct, though like with Ukrainian Rovno amber, it is thought to have been deposited around the same time as Baltic amber.

Because Baltic amber contains 3–8% succinic acid, it is also termed succinite.
Delta–Mendota Canal
The Delta–Mendota Canal is a 117-mile-long (188 km) aqueduct in central California, United States. The canal was designed and completed in 1951 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation as part of the Central Valley Project. It carries freshwater to replace San Joaquin River water which is diverted into the Madera Canal and Friant-Kern Canal at Friant Dam.

The canal begins at the C.W. Bill Jones Pumping Plant (also known as the Tracy Pumping Plant). Water is lifted 197 ft (60 m) from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the Clifton Court Forebay. The canal runs southward along the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley, parallel to the California Aqueduct, and diverges to the east after passing the San Luis Reservoir, receiving more water and eventually emptying into the San Joaquin River near the city of Mendota. The canal travels through six California counties: Alameda, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, and Fresno counties.

Clifton Court Forebay
Clifton Court Forebay is a reservoir in the San Joaquin River Delta region of eastern Contra Costa County, California, 17 mi (27 km) southwest of Stockton. The estuary region the forebay is located in is only 1m to 3m above mean sea level.
Purleigh
Purleigh is a village on the Dengie peninsula about 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Maldon in the English county of Essex.  The village is part of the Purleigh ward of the Maldon district. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 1,286.

The place-name 'Purleigh' is first attested in a charter of 998, where it appears as Purlea. In the Domesday Book of 1086 it appears as Purlai. The name means 'bittern clearing'.

Dengie Peninsula
51°44′N 0°56′E﻿ / ﻿51.733°N 0.933°E﻿ / 51.733; 0.933
Dengie (pronounced with a soft 'g') is a peninsula in Essex, England, that once formed a hundred of the same name (sometimes spelled Dengy).

The peninsula is formed by the River Crouch to the south, the Blackwater to the north, both of which are tidal, and the North Sea to the east. The eastern part of the peninsula is marshy and forms the Dengie Marshes.

The western boundary of Dengie hundred ran from North Fambridge to a bit west of Maldon.  The peninsula forms about half of the Maldon local government district.

Places on the peninsula are:

Althorne

Asheldham

Bradwell-on-Sea

Bradwell Waterside

Burnham-on-Crouch

Cold Norton

Creeksea

Dengie (village)

Hazeleigh

Langford

Latchingdon

Maldon

Mayland

Maylandsea

Mundon

North Fambridge

Ostend

Purleigh

Ramsey Island

Snoreham

Southminster

Steeple

Stow Maries

St Lawrence Bay

Tillingham

Woodham Mortimer

Woodham Walter
Otto Binswanger
Otto Ludwig Binswanger (/ˈbɪnzwæŋər/; Swiss Standard German: [ˈbɪnsvaŋər]; 14 October 1852, Scherzingen, Münsterlingen – 15 July 1929, Kreuzlingen) was a Swiss psychiatrist and neurologist who came from a famous family of physicians; his father was founder of the Kreuzlingen Sanatorium, and he was uncle to Ludwig Binswanger (1881–1966) who was a major figure in the existential psychology movement. He was brother-in-law to physiotherapist Heinrich Averbeck (1844–1889). Other notable family members include his son-in-law Hans-Constantin Paulssen (1892-1984), who was the first president of the BDA (Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände) (Confederation of German Employers' Associations).

Ludwig Binswanger
Ludwig Binswanger (/ˈbɪnzwæŋɡər/; Swiss Standard German: [ˈbɪnsvaŋər]; 13 April 1881 – 5 February 1966) was a Swiss psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of existential psychology. His parents were Robert Johann Binswanger (1850–1910) and Bertha Hasenclever (1847–1896). Robert's German-Jewish father Ludwig "Elieser" Binswanger (1820–1880) was founder, in 1857, of the Bellevue Sanatorium in Kreuzlingen. Robert's brother Otto Binswanger (1852–1929) was a professor of psychiatry at the University of Jena.

Ludwig Binswanger is the most prominent phenomenological psychologist and the most influential in making the concepts of existential psychology known in Europe and the United States.
December 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 13 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – December 15

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 27 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 14, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 1.

December 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
December 14 – Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar – December 16

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on December 28 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For December 15th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 2.
Maximilian Weyrother
Max Ritter von Weyrother (1783–1833) was Chief Rider of the Spanish Riding School in Vienna from 1813, and Director from 1814 to 1833.

His grandfather, Adam Weyrother, a previous Chief Rider at the school, may have known de la Guérinière in Paris. Adam Weyrother traveled to Paris frequently.  Maximilian's father and brother Gottlieb were also Chief Riders at the school.

Under Max von Weyrother, the Spanish Riding School became the Mecca for riders of the 19th century. Louis Seeger and E. F. Seidler were his best-known students.

Spanish Riding School
The Spanish Riding School (German: Spanische Hofreitschule) is an Austrian institution based in Vienna, dedicated to the preservation of classical dressage and the training of Lipizzaner horses, whose performances in the Hofburg are also a tourist attraction. The leading horses and riders of the school also periodically tour and perform worldwide.  It is one of the "Big Four", the most prestigious classical riding academies in the world, alongside the Cadre Noir, the Portuguese School of Equestrian Art, and the Royal Andalusian School.
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Franc is one of the major black grape varieties worldwide. It is principally grown for blending with Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot in the Bordeaux style, but can also be vinified alone, as in the Loire's Chinon. In addition to being used in blends and produced as a varietal in Canada,  Lake Erie AVA in Pennsylvania, and across the United States and Argentina, it is sometimes made into ice wine in those regions.

Cabernet Franc is lighter than Cabernet Sauvignon, making a bright pale red wine that contributes finesse and lends a peppery perfume to blends with more robust grapes.  Depending on the growing region and style of wine, additional aromas can include tobacco, raspberry, bell pepper, cassis, and violets.

Records of Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux go back to the end of the 18th century, although it was planted in Loire long before that time. DNA analysis indicates that Cabernet Franc is one of two parents of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Carménère.

Saumur (wine)
Saumur (French pronunciation: [somyʁ] ⓘ) is a French wine region located in the Loire Valley. The region is noted for sparkling wines produced by the traditional method, and for red wines made primarily from Cabernet Franc. The main variety in the white wines is Chenin blanc.

The annual Grandes Tablées du Saumur-Champigny is a popular annual event held in early August with over 1 km of tables set up in Saumur so people can sample the local foods and wine.
TVN International
TVN International or iTVN is a Polish pay television channel that was launched in April 2004. It is part of the TVN network and is owned by TVN Warner Bros. Discovery It is aimed at the Polish diaspora living abroad, mainly in Europe and North America. iTVN's programming consists of TV series, newscasts, Polish football matches, movies and entertainment programmes, mostly of Polish origin.

TVN Warner Bros. Discovery
TVN Warner Bros. Discovery (formerly known as TVN Grupa Discovery) is a Polish media company that is a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery International. The business includes the assets of the TVN Group, a media company acquired by Scripps Networks Interactive, which later got bought by Discovery, Inc.

Originally, with the merger of WarnerMedia with Discovery, Inc., and the restructuration of its international business, the company's Polish assets, instead of being under Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA control, were left under its own subsidiary under control of Kasia Kieli, who is also a president of TVN Group.
Augusta Commercial Historic District
The Augusta Commercial Historic District encompasses the historic commercial center of the city of Augusta, Arkansas.  Located on the eastern bank of the White River, Augusta developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a major crossing point of the river in eastern Arkansas.  Located between the river and Second Street, and between Pearl and Mulberry Streets are a collection of 44 historic buildings, including warehouses along the waterfront and commercial and retail buildings on the adjacent streets.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Augusta, Arkansas
Augusta, officially the City of Augusta, is a city in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States, located on the east bank of the White River. The population was 1,998 as of the 2020 Census. The city is the county seat of Woodruff County.
Judenrat
A Judenrat (German: [ˈjuːdn̩ˌʁaːt], lit. 'Jewish council'; Yiddish: יודענראט) was an administrative body, established in any zone of German-occupied Europe during World War II, purporting to represent the Jewish community in dealings with the Nazi authorities. The Germans required Jews to form Judenräte within occupied territories at local and sometimes national levels.

Judenräte were particularly common in Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe, where in some cases, such as Łódź and Theresienstadt ghettos, they were known as the "Jewish Council of Elders" (Jüdischer Ältestenrat or Ältestenrat der Juden). Jewish communities themselves had established councils for self-government as early as the Middle Ages. The Jewish community used the Hebrew terms qahal (Hebrew: קהל) or qehilla (קהילה) but Nazi authorities used the German-language term Judenräte.

Łachwa Ghetto
Łachwa (or Lakhva) Ghetto was a Nazi ghetto in Łachwa, Nazi German-occupied Poland (now Lakhva in Belarus) during World War II. The ghetto was created with the aim of persecution and exploitation of the local Jews. The ghetto existed until September 1942. One of the first Jewish ghetto uprisings had happened there.
Howard League for Penal Reform Canterbury
The Howard League for Penal Reform Canterbury is an organisation based in Christchurch, New Zealand, that lobbies for prison reform and works in Canterbury prisons. It is based on the British Howard League for Penal Reform.

Howard League for Penal Reform
The Howard League for Penal Reform is a registered charity in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest penal reform organisation in the world, named after John Howard. It was founded as the Howard Association in 1866 and changed its name in 1921, following a merger with the Penal Reform League. The charity focuses on penal reform in England and Wales.

The Howard League is independent of the United Kingdom government and is funded by voluntary donations and membership donations. The charity also receives funding from the Legal Services Commission, as it holds Legal Aid contracts in order to perform its work with young people in custody.

The Howard League Centre for Penal Reform, the charity's headquarters since 2000, was officially opened by Betty Boothroyd in November 2001. The Centre is located in north London.
Butler's Retreat
Butler's Retreat is a Grade II listed building at Rangers Road, Chingford, London E4. Originally a barn thought to have been built in the early 19th century, it is one of the few remaining Victorian retreats within the forest. The building is very close to Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge and takes its name from its 1891 occupier, John Butler.

Retreats originally served non-alcoholic refreshments as part of the Temperance movement. After closing in 2009, the building was refurbished by the City of London Corporation and re-opened as a cafe in 2012.

Chingford
Chingford is a suburban town in east London, England, within the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The centre of Chingford is 9.2 miles (14.8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. Chingford is bounded by the River Lea to the west, Epping Forest to the north and east, and Walthamstow to the south. It had a population of 70,583 at the 2021 census.

The name Chingford was first recorded in 913AD, with the ancient parish of Chingford being a largely rural farming community until urbanisation began in the late 19th century and became particularly pronounced in the interwar period.

The parish of Chingford was part of the Waltham hundred of Essex. The parish was granted urban district status in 1894, and municipal borough status in 1938. Its administrative headquarters were at Chingford Town Hall until 1965 when the Municipal Borough of Chingford merged with the municipal boroughs of Walthamstow and Leyton to form a new borough, Waltham Forest, within the new Greater London.
Oskar Adler
Oskar Adler (4 June 1875 – 15 May 1955) was an Austrian violinist, physician and esoteric savant. He was the brother of  the political theorist Max Adler and a key early influence on his contemporary Arnold Schoenberg. His friend and student Hans Keller called him "one of our century's supreme (if largely private) instrumentalists".

Max Adler (Marxist)
Max Adler (/ˈædlər/; German: [ˈaːdlɐ]; 15 January 1873 – 28 June 1937) was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; his theories were of central importance to Austromarxism. He was a brother of Oskar Adler.
Self-preservation
Self-preservation is a behavior or set of behaviors that ensures the survival of an organism. It is thought to be universal among all living organisms.

Self-preservation is essentially the process of an organism preventing itself from being harmed or killed and is considered a basic instinct in most organisms. Most call it a "survival instinct". Self-preservation is thought to be tied to an organism's reproductive fitness and can be more or less present according to perceived reproduction potential. If perceived reproductive potential is low enough, self-destructive behavior (i.e., the opposite) is not uncommon in social species. Self-preservation is also thought by some to be the basis of rational and logical thought and behavior.

The opposite of self-preservation is self-destructive behavior.

Survival
Survival or survivorship, the act of surviving, is the propensity of something to continue existing despite conditions that might kill or destroy it. The concept can be applied to humans and other living things (or, hypothetically, any sentient being), to a physical object, and to abstract things such as beliefs or ideas. Living things generally have a self-preservation instinct to survive, while objects intended for use in harsh conditions are designed for survivability.
Abbas Ali Khani
Abbas Ali Khani (Persian: عباسعلي خاني, also romanized as ʿAbbās ʿAlī Khānī) is a village in, and the former capital of, Kakan Rural District of the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. The capital of the rural district has been transferred to the village of Mansurkhani.

Mansurkhani
Mansurkhani (Persian: منصورخاني) is a village in, and the capital of, Kakan Rural District of the Central District of Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Abbas Ali Khani.