hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic pressure
In fluid dynamics, dynamic pressure (denoted by q or Q and sometimes called velocity pressure) is the quantity defined by:

where (in SI units):

q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., N/m2),

ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m3), and

u is the flow speed in m/s.

It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume.

For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static pressure. From Bernoulli's law, dynamic pressure is given by

where p0 and ps are the total and static pressures, respectively.

Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion.

In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is .

The kinetic energy of an object is equal to the work, or force (F) in the direction of motion times its displacement (s), needed to accelerate the object from rest to its given speed. The same amount of work is done by the object when decelerating from its current speed to a state of rest.

The SI unit of energy is the joule, while the English unit of energy is the foot-pound.

In relativistic mechanics,  is a good approximation of kinetic energy only when v is much less than the speed of light.
Vazhapadi
Vazhapadi  is a panchayat town in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the 31 panchayat towns in the district, and is the administrative headquarters of in Vazhapadi taluk. Spread across an area of 8 km2 (3.1 sq mi), it had a population of 17,559 individuals as per the 2011 census.

Salem district
Salem district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district is now divided into Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Namakkal as individual districts. Salem is the district headquarters and other major towns in the district include Mettur, Tharamangalam, Thammampatti, Attur, Omalur, Sangagiri and Edappadi. That Salem dates to at least two thousand years ago is evident from the discovery of silver coins from the Roman Emperor Nero (37–68 CE) found by Koneripatti of Salem in 1987. It was ruled by Mazhavar King Kolli Mazhavan and kings Adhiyaman and Valvil Ori of Sangam age. It is part of Mazhanadu, a vast region that dates to the second century BCE. Salem was the largest district of Tamil Nadu. It was bifurcated into Salem and Dharmapuri districts in 1965 and Namakkal district in 1997. Now Salem has been developed a lot by building many bridges and is considered to be the Smart city. Salem is famous for cultivating mangoes.
McMaster Divinity College
McMaster Divinity College, also known as MDC, is a Baptist Christian seminary in Hamilton, Ontario affiliated with McMaster University and the Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec (Canadian Baptist Ministries).

Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec
Canadian Baptists of Ontario and Quebec (CBOQ) is a Baptist Christian denomination in central Canada. The organization's headquarters is based in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CBOQ is a partner of Canadian Baptist Ministries.
Sergey Makarov (javelin thrower)
Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarov (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Макаров; born March 19, 1973) is a former Russian javelin thrower. His personal best throw of 92.61 m, set in 2002, is the Russian record. Facing tough competition throughout his career from Jan Železný, Steve Backley and others, Makarov did not win any major competition until 2003, when he became World Champion at the age of 30.

Born into a sporting family, Makarov's father, Aleksandr, won the silver medal in the javelin throw at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He is married to Oksana Ovchinnikova, former holder of the Russian record in women's javelin.

Steve Backley
Stephen James Backley, OBE (born 12 February 1969) is an English retired track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He formerly held the world record, and his 91.46-metre (300.1 ft) throw from 1992 is the British record. During his career, he was a firm fixture in the British national athletics team. He won four gold medals at the European Championships, three Commonwealth Games gold medals, two silvers and a bronze at the Olympic Games, and two silvers at the World Championships. Currently, he is an occasional commentator for athletics competitions, especially the field events.
Magdalena: Anghel sa Putikan
Magdalena: Anghel sa Putikan (transl. Magdalena: angel in mud) is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. The series is based on Nuevas' comic book series, Kukulayan Ko ang Langit. Directed by Gina Alajar, it stars Bela Padilla in the title role. It premiered on October 8, 2012 on the network's Afternoon Prime line up. The series concluded on January 18, 2013 with a total of 75 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.

Bela Padilla
Krista Elyse Hidalgo Sullivan (born May 3, 1991), known professionally as Bela Padilla (Tagalog pronunciation: [paˈdɪlja]), is a Filipino actress, host, singer, writer, and director.

She is best known for her roles in television dramas on GMA-7 and ABS-CBN, as well as critically acclaimed films such as 100 Tula Para Kay Stella (with JC Santos) and Meet Me in St. Gallen (with Carlo Aquino). She is also recognized for her performances in The Day After Valentine's and On Vodka, Beers, and Regrets. In 2022, she made her directorial debut with the film 366 (opposite Zanjoe Marudo and JC Santos), produced by Viva Films. Additionally, she wrote the screenplay for Joyce Bernal's film Last Night, starring Toni Gonzaga and Piolo Pascual. Aside from her acting career, she has continued to develop her skills in writing and directing for future projects.
Photoelectrochemistry
Photoelectrochemistry is a subfield of study within physical chemistry concerned with the interaction of light with electrochemical systems. It is an active domain of investigation. One of the pioneers of this field of electrochemistry was the German electrochemist Heinz Gerischer. The interest in this domain is high in the context of development of renewable energy conversion and storage technology.

Heinz Gerischer
Heinz Gerischer (31 March 1919 – 14 September 1994) was a German chemist who specialized in electrochemistry. He was the thesis advisor of future Nobel laureate Gerhard Ertl.

The Heinz Gerischer Award of the European section of The Electrochemical Society is named in his honour.
Eddie Teare
William Edward "Eddie" Teare, (born 10 May 1948) is a Manx politician, who was the Minister of the Treasury from 2011 to 2016 after holding other ministerial positions. He was MHK (Member of the House of Keys) for Ayre from 2004 to 2016, having first been elected to the House in a 2004 by-election. He was educated at Ramsey Grammar School.

He is an associate of the Chartered Institute of Bankers and has a distinction in the Finance of Foreign Trade. He worked for the Isle of Man Bank from 1965 to 2004, rising to risk manager and senior relationship manager. He has also worked as a conveyancing manager at Laurence Keenan Advocates.

Isle of Man Treasury
The Treasury (Manx: Yn Tashtey) of the Isle of Man is the finance department of the Isle of Man Government.  It prepares the annual budget for the Government, and also handles taxation, customs and excise, economic affairs, information systems, internal audit, currency and the census in the Isle of Man.

The incumbent Minister for the Treasury is Dr Alex Allinson MHK.
Battlefield America
Battlefield America is an American dance-drama film by Cinedigm. It was directed by Chris Stokes from You Got Served. The film stars Gary Anthony Sturgis, Tristen M. Carter, Marques Houston, Kida Burns, Zach Balandres, Camren Bicondova, Edward Mandell, and Kyle Brooks. It was released on June 1, 2012 in American theaters.

Marques Houston
Marques Barrett Houston (born August 4, 1981) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, dancer, and actor. Houston began his singing career in 1990, performing with IMx, and found popularity as an actor for his portrayal of Roger Evans in the teen sitcom Sister, Sister from 1994 to 1999.
Param Sundari (film)
Param Sundari is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Tushar Jalota and produced by Dinesh Vijan under Maddock Films. The film stars Sidharth Malhotra and Janhvi Kapoor in lead roles. The story follows Param, a North Indian boy from Delhi, who searches for his soulmate through an AI app, which leads him to Sundari, a South Indian girl from Kerala.

Initially slated to release on 25 July 2025, the film was released on 29 August 2025. It received mixed to negative reviews from critics with praise for the soundtrack and cinematography; mixed reviews about performances and chemistry between the lead pair and criticism for the story and screenplay. It also received controversy involving its stereotypical portrayal of Kerala and Malayali people. Despite the controversies, the film was a commercial success at the box-office.

Janhvi Kapoor
Janhvi Kapoor (born 6 March 1997) is an Indian actress who works predominantly in Hindi films. Born to film actress Sridevi and producer Boney Kapoor, she made her acting debut in 2018 with the romantic drama Dhadak, which was a commercial success.

Her subsequent theatrical releases were commercially unsuccessful, but she received nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for playing the titular aviator in Gunjan Saxena: The Kargil Girl (2020) and a woman trapped in a freezer in Mili (2022). In 2024, she had a brief role in the Telugu action drama Devara: Part 1, which became the highest-grossing of her career. She has since earned praise for her supporting role as a woman of a lower-caste navigating social discrimination in Homebound (2025).
Patrick Murphy (Medal of Honor)
Patrick Murphy (January 15, 1823 – December 1, 1896) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay. A native of Ireland, Murphy began his seafaring career as a teenager aboard merchant ships in the North Atlantic and served for two years in the Royal Navy. He joined the U.S. Navy after settling in Erie, Pennsylvania, and sailed the Great Lakes as a petty officer on USS Michigan. During the American Civil War, he served aboard USS Metacomet and distinguished himself in the action at Mobile Bay. He returned to Erie and USS Michigan after the war, continuing on that ship for twenty more years until retiring as a warrant officer.

USS Metacomet (1863)
The second USS Metacomet was a wooden sidewheel steamer in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. The ship was named for Metacomet, a war chief of the Wampanoag Indians.

Metacomet was launched on 7 March 1863 by Thomas Stack, Brooklyn, New York, and commissioned at New York on 4 January 1864 under the captaincy of Commander James E. Jouett.
Spy Song
Spy Song (1943–1973) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He was sired by 1934 American Champion Two-Year-Old Colt Balladier and out of two-time Champion filly, Mata Hari. He was bred at owner Charles Fisher's Dixiana Farm and raced under the colors of his Dixiana Stable.

Among his wins, Spy Song won the 1945 Arlington Futurity and ran second to Assault in the 1946 Kentucky Derby. He retired having won fifteen of thirty-six starts with earnings of $206,325.

Mata Hari (horse)
Mata Hari (foaled in 1931 in Kentucky) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse bred and owned by Charles T. Fisher, a Detroit automobile body manufacturer who raced under the Dixiana Stable banner named for his Dixiana Farm in Lexington, Kentucky.
Between the Lions
Between the Lions is an American animated/live-action/puppet educational children's television series designed to promote reading. The show is a co-production between WGBH in Boston, Sirius Thinking, Ltd., in New York City, and Mississippi Public Broadcasting (the latter PBS station co-producing from 2005–2010) in Jackson, the distributor from seasons 1–10. The show won nine Daytime Emmy awards between 2001 and 2007. Although it is created by alumni of the fellow PBS children's show Sesame Street and featured guest appearances from some of its characters, Between the Lions was not created by Sesame Workshop, nor was it produced with their involvement in any way. The show premiered on PBS Kids on April 3, 2000, taking over the schedule slot held by The Puzzle Place upon its debut, and ended on November 22, 2010. This TV show is a companion piece to Sesame Street aimed at slightly older children.

The Puzzle Place
The Puzzle Place is an American children's television series produced by KCET in Los Angeles and Lancit Media in New York City. Although production was dated and premiered on two Los Angeles PBS stations, KCET and KLCS, on September 15, 1994, it did not officially premiere on all PBS stations nationwide until January 16, 1995, with its final episode airing on December 4, 1998.
TurnTable charts
TurnTable charts is a catalog of relative weekly, and yearly popular songs in Nigeria. The results are published in TurnTable magazine. TurnTable provides additional weekly charts, as well as the End of the Year Top 50. The charts can be ranked according to airplay, and digital streaming. For main song charts such as the TurnTable Top 100, all three data are used to compile the charts. For End of the Year Top 50, streams and airplay from TurnTable Top 100 are included.

TurnTable
TurnTable is a Nigerian music and entertainment magazine founded by Ayomide Oriowo, and Similoluwa Adegoke. TurnTable focuses primarily on music charts, news, and events. Its music charts include the Top 100, and the Year-End chart. TurnTable magazine has two issues, and its first issue was published on 19 December 2020, by Similoluwa Adegoke. Its issues are printed in English language. In 2023 the magazine launched its music recording certification, TurnTable Certification System of Nigeria to represent the recording certification system of music industry in Nigeria.
Marc Diakiese
Marc Diakiese (born 16 March 1993) is an English professional mixed martial artist who is signed with the Professional Fighters League (PFL) as a lightweight. He formerly competed for the Ultimate Fighting Championship and Caged Steel and BAMMA.

Rafael Fiziev
Rafael Fiziev (born March 5, 1993) is an Azerbaijani professional mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai fighter. He currently competes in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of February 3, 2026, he is #11 in the UFC lightweight rankings.
Lilo & Stitch (2002 soundtrack)
Lilo & Stitch: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to Disney's 2002 animated science fiction comedy-drama film Lilo & Stitch. Released through Walt Disney Records on June 11, 2002, through CDs, LPs and cassettes, the album contains two original songs from the film written by Mark Kealiʻi Hoʻomalu and composer Alan Silvestri, who also scored the film, and performed by Hoʻomalu and the Kamehameha Schools Children's Chorus. The album also includes five songs from Elvis Presley, and two covers of his songs performed by American singer Wynonna and Swedish group A-Teens. Three of Silvestri's score cues are also included in the album.

On June 23, 2003, the soundtrack album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of 1 million units. On March 17, 2023, the song "Hawaiian Roller Coaster Ride" received Platinum certification from the RIAA for reaching 1 million certified units.

Mark Kealiʻi Hoʻomalu
Mark Kealiʻi Hoʻomalu (born August 10, 1959) is a contemporary Hawaiian chanter, who was born and raised in ʻAiea, Oʻahu. He is best known for his contributions to the soundtrack of the 2002 Disney animated film, Lilo & Stitch, providing the film's two non-Elvis Presley-related songs.
His style is both innovative and controversial, as purists disapprove of the liberties he takes in creating new arrangements of ancient chants.
Alan Holdsworth
Alan Holdsworth (born 1952 in Salford, stage name Johnny Crescendo) is a British musician and disability activist living in Philadelphia, United States.

He participated in the 1990 and 1992 Block Telethon campaign while living in the United Kingdom. In 2013, he founded the first Disability Pride event in the United States.

The 2022 BBC Two  docudrama Then Barbara Met Alan tells the story of Holdsworth and Barbara Lisicki and their work with the Disabled People's Direct Action Network.

Holdsworth has been affected by polio and uses a wheelchair.

Barbara Lisicki
Barbara Lisicki is a British disability rights activist, comedian, and equality trainer. She is a founder of the Disabled People's Direct Action Network (DAN), an organization that engaged in nonviolent civil disobedience to raise awareness and to advocate for the rights of disabled people. She is a featured subject of the 2022 BBC docudrama Then Barbara Met Alan, and appeared in The Disabled Century on BBC2 in 1999.
Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Sixth Amendment of the Constitution (Adoption) Act 1979 is an amendment to the Constitution of Ireland ensured that certain adoption orders would not be found to be unconstitutional because they had not been made by a court. It was approved by referendum on 5 July 1979 and signed into law on 3 August 1979.

Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
The Seventh Amendment of the Constitution (Election of Members of Seanad Éireann by Institutions of Higher Education) Act 1979 is an amendment to the Constitution of Ireland that provides that the procedure for the election of six members of the Senate in the university constituencies could be altered by law. It was approved by referendum on 5 July 1979 and signed into law on 3 August of the same year.

The first statutory change under the terms of the amendment was the Seanad Electoral (University Members) (Amendment) Act 2024, which replaced the three-seat National University of Ireland and Dublin University constituencies with a six-seat Higher Education constituency.
Palhinhaea
Palhinhaea is a genus of lycophytes in the family Lycopodiaceae. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae. Some sources do not recognize the genus, sinking it into Lycopodiella. Palhinhaea species are widespread in the tropics and subtropics.

Lycopodiella
Lycopodiella is a genus in the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae. The genus members are commonly called bog clubmosses, describing their wetland habitat. In the past, the genus was often incorporated within the related genus Lycopodium, but was segregated in 1964. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Lycopodiella is placed in the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, along with three other genera. In this circumscription, the genus has about 15 species. Other sources use a wider circumscription, in which the genus is equivalent to the Lycopodielloideae of PPG I, in which case about 40 species and hybrids are accepted. Narrowly circumscribed, the genus has a circumboreal distribution, extending south in the Americas throughout tropical South America.
Sainthia train collision
The Sainthia train collision occurred on 19 July 2010, at the Sainthia Junction railway station in Sainthia, India, when the Uttar Banga Express collided with the Vananchal Express as the latter was leaving the platform. 66 people died as a result of the accident, and 165 were reported injured.

Sainthia
Sainthia (formerly Nandipur) is a city and a municipality in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The city is known as business city of Birbhum district. The city is under the jurisdiction of Sainthia police station. Sainthia is the fourth most populous city in Birbhum district and 95th most populous city in West Bengal. The city covers an area of 10 km2 and had a population of 44,601 in 2011. Located on the banks of Mayurakshi River, Sainthia has been a major human settlement. The city is famous for Nandikeshwari Temple, one of the Shakta pithas in Indian subcontinent.
David Benson-Pope
David Henry Benson-Pope (born 23 February 1950) is a New Zealand politician. He is a former Member of Parliament for Dunedin South from 1999 to 2008 and was Minister of Social Development and Minister for the Environment in the Fifth Labour Government from 2005 to 2007.

Benson-Pope previously served as a Dunedin city councillor from 1986 to 1999 and returned to local government for a second period from 2013 to 2025.

Dunedin South
Dunedin South is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It first existed from 1881 to 1890, and subsequently from 1905 to 1946. In 1996, the electorate was re-established for the introduction of MMP, before being abolished in 2020.
Baron Upper Ossory
Baron Upper Ossory was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 11 June 1541 for Barnaby Fitzpatrick. This was in pursuance of the Surrender and regrant policy of King Henry VIII. Under the policy, Gaelic chiefs were actively encouraged to surrender their lands to the king and then have them regranted (returned) under a royal charter if they swore loyalty to him. Those who surrendered were also expected to speak English, wear English-style dress, remain loyal to the Crown, pay a rent and follow English laws and customs, abjure the Roman Catholic Church, and convert to Henry's new Anglican Church.

The second Baron, also named Barnaby, was raised at Henry's court, as a companion for the future King Edward VI. Edward, who had few friends, became deeply attached to young Barnaby, and their later letters testify to their warm and lasting friendship.

Upper Ossory was the northern third of the formerly larger Kingdom of Osraige.

Earl of Upper Ossory
Earl of Upper Ossory was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 5 October 1751 for John FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Gowran, who later represented Bedfordshire in the House of Commons. He was the son of Richard FitzPatrick, who had been created Baron Gowran on 27 April 1715, also in the Peerage of Ireland. Lord Gowran had represented Harristown and Queen's County in the Irish House of Commons before his elevation to the peerage. The first Earl's son, the second Earl, also sat as Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire and was Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire. In 1794, he was created Baron Upper Ossory, of Ampthill in the County of Bedford, in the Peerage of Great Britain. However, all three titles became extinct on his death in 1818.

The Honourable Richard FitzPatrick, younger son of the first Earl, was a soldier and politician. John FitzPatrick, son of the second Earl, was created Baron Castletown in 1869.

Not to be confused with the title of Earl of Ossory.
Jaboukie Young-White
Jaboukie Young-White (born July 24, 1994) is an American comedian, actor, writer and musician.

Young-White first gained recognition at a young age as a comedian, through which he made his television debut as a guest performer on two episodes of The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (2017–2018). After his film debut in the black comedy Rough Night (2017), he co-wrote the Netflix mockumentary television series American Vandal (2018). His subsequent films included his first leading role in Dating and New York (2021), alongside supporting parts in Someone Great (2019) and C'mon C'mon (2021), and voice roles in Strange World (2022) and Ruby Gillman, Teenage Kraken (2023).

On television, Young-White played recurring parts on Awkwafina Is Nora from Queens (2020–2021) and Only Murders in the Building (2021–2022).

Dating and New York
Dating and New York is a 2021 American comedy film written and directed by Jonah Feingold in his directorial debut. It stars Jaboukie Young-White, Francesca Reale, Catherine Cohen, Brian Muller, Jerry Ferrara, Arturo Castro, Taylor Hill, Alex Moffat, Eva Victor and Yedoye Travis.

It had its world premiere at Tribeca Film Festival on June 13, 2021. It was released on September 10, 2021 by IFC Films.