hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Higher National Technical Education Certificate
The Higher National Technical Education Certificate, abbreviated as HNTec, is a post-secondary vocational qualification in Brunei. It is a Level 4 qualification in the country's current national qualifications framework and awarded by the Brunei Darussalam Technical and Vocational Education Council (BDTVEC). It is equivalent to the National Diploma, although the latter has been phased out in government institutions. HNTec programmes are offered in the Institute of Brunei Technical Education and generally last two years. The qualification allows entry into Level 5-equivalent qualification, previously the Higher National Diploma. HNTec is the continuation of the National Technical Education Certificate (NTec).kk

National Technical Education Certificate
The National Technical Education Certificate, abbreviated as NTec, is a post-secondary vocational qualification in Brunei. It is a Level 3 qualification in the country's current national qualifications framework and awarded by the Brunei Darussalam Technical and Vocational Education Council (BDTVEC), a government body under the Ministry of Education. It is equivalent to the Skill Certificate 3; the latter had been phased out in government institutions. NTec programmes are offered in the Institute of Brunei Technical Education and generally last one or two years. Entry to the qualification requires completion of the secondary education although it is not necessary to obtain any credits in the O Level examination. NTec qualification allows entry to the Higher National Technical Education Certificate (HNTec) or other Level 4-equivalent qualification.
KMWA
KMWA (96.3 FM; "Air1") is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Edina, Minnesota, and serving the Twin Cities area. The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, and airs programming from EMF's nationally syndicated "Air1" radio format featuring Christian Worship Music. KMWA's transmitter is located in New Hope.

KGLB
KGLB (1310 AM) is a radio station licensed to Glencoe, Minnesota. The station, which previously aired an oldies format based in St. Peter, Minnesota, returned to the air on July 15, 2009, with a Classic Country format. The station had been off the air for about a year.
Bridge of Lies
The Bridge of Lies (Romanian: Podul Minciunilor, German: Lügenbrücke) is a legendary pedestrian bridge located in the center of the Transylvanian city of Sibiu in central Romania. There are many legends surrounding the bridge because of its name. It is the first cast iron bridge built in Romania.

Located in the Lesser Square of Sibiu, the bridge crosses Strada Ocnei to connect the Lesser Square to the Huet Square.

Council Tower of Sibiu
The Council Tower of Sibiu (Romanian: Turnul Sfatului, German: Hermannstädter Ratsturm) is a tower situated between the two main squares of the Historic center in Sibiu, the Great Square (Piața Mare) and the Small Square (Piața Mică).

It was built in the 12th century, but was also rebuilt multiple times, with its architecture getting changed.

In the course of history, the tower played different roles, being used, among others, as a wheat storage or as an observation point in case of fire. Nowadays, it is used for exhibitions.

The Council Tower is considered the most iconic building of Sibiu, which was the European Capital of Culture in 2007. Being the city's symbol, it is often found on Sibiu souvenirs or any kind of advertisement relating to the city.
Sandaun Province
Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea (also known as home of the sunset). It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13,870 sq mi) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the area surrounding the town of Aitape was hit by an enormous tsunami caused by a Magnitude 7.0 earthquake which killed over 2,000 people. The five villages along the west coast of Vanimo towards the International Border are namely; Lido, Waromo, Yako, Musu and Wutung. It borders Indonesia.

Provinces of Papua New Guinea
For administrative purposes, Papua New Guinea is divided into administrative divisions called provinces. There are 22 provincial-level divisions, which include 20 provinces, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, and the National Capital District of Port Moresby.

In 2009, the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea created two additional provinces, that officially came into being on 17 May 2012. They were Hela Province, which was split from Southern Highlands Province, and Jiwaka Province, which was split from Western Highlands Province.

Each province forms a provincial electorate, called a constituency, for the PNG national parliament. The 22 provincial members are chosen from single-member electorates. Each provincial member becomes governor of their province unless they take a ministerial position, in which case the governorship passes to an open member of the province.
Osprey HSY-56A-class gunboat
The Osprey HSY-56A-class gunboat (also known as Machitis-class gunboat) is a class of naval vessel currently in service in the Hellenic Navy. These ships are similar to HSY-55-class gunboat and were also built by Hellenic Shipyards (HSY). They are the most modern patrol vessels of Hellenic Navy. The first ship of the class, named Machitis (pronounced "Makhitis"), was commissioned on 29 October 2003. As of 2025, all of the four ships of the class are in active service.

HSY-55-class gunboat
The HSY-55-class gunboat is a class of naval vessel designed by the Hellenic Navy and built by Hellenic Shipyards (HSY). This class of ship uses the modular concept, so that weapons & sensors can be changed as required. These vessels are similar in appearance to Osprey 55-class gunboat. The first pair was ordered on 20 February 1990 but completion was delayed by the shipyard's financial problems. Pyrpolitis (P57) was launched on 16 September 1992 and Polemistis (P61) on 21 June 1993. Each ship can carry 25 fully equipped troops. Alternative guns & Harpoon SSM can be fitted, as required.

Pyrpolitis was renamed Kasos on 11 November 2005, after the island of Kasos in the Dodecanese. The ship is based in the area of Kasos, and the name recognises the island & the Kasos Massacre during the Greek War of Independence.
Hoesch AG
Hoesch (/hɜːrʃ/; German: Hoesch AG; formerly also Eberhard Hoesch & Sons and Hoesch-Werke) was a German steel and mining conglomerate headquartered in Dortmund and several subsidiaries across the Ruhr region and Siegen. Founded in 1871, by Leopold Hoesch, it employed over 30,000 people by 1938 and was among the largest companies in Nazi Germany.

In 1972, the prominent steel producer merged with the Dutch Hoogovens steel company to form Estel. Hoesch was formerly the largest employer in Dortmund. In 1982, the merger with Dutch company Estel was stopped by Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, and Hoesch became again an independent company. In 1991, German competitor Krupp (presently ThyssenKrupp) bought Hoesch and the merger was completed by 1992.

ThyssenKrupp
ThyssenKrupp AG (/ˈtɪsən.krʊp/, German: [ˌtʏsn̩ˈkʁʊp]) is a German industrial engineering and steel production company. It resulted from the 1999 merger of Thyssen AG and Krupp and has its operational headquarters in Duisburg and Essen. The company says that it is one of the largest steel producers in the world, and it was ranked tenth-largest worldwide by revenue in 2015.  It is divided into 670 subsidiaries worldwide. The largest shareholders are the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and Cevian Capital. ThyssenKrupp's products range from machines  and industrial services to high-speed trains, elevators, and shipbuilding. The subsidiary ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems also manufactures frigates, corvettes, and submarines for the German and other navies.
Afrancesado
Afrancesado (Spanish: [afɾanθeˈsaðo], Portuguese: [ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu]; "Francophile" or "turned-French", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the Spanish and Portuguese supporters of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a means to implant these ideas in Spain.

In principle, afrancesados were upper-and-middle class supporters of the French occupation of Iberia (Portugal and Spain), preferring the reforms of the "enlightened despots" Napoleon I and his brother Joseph Bonaparte (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.

Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe di ˌbwɔnaˈparte]; Corsican: Ghjuseppe Bonaparte; Spanish: José Bonaparte; 7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844), regnal name Joseph I, was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1806, Napoleon made him King of Naples, and then King of Spain and the Indies in 1808. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States, where he lived in the Point Breeze estate at Bordentown, New Jersey.
Cabinet Office (Japan)
The Cabinet Office (内閣府, Naikaku-fu) (CAO) is an agency of the Cabinet of Japan. It is responsible for handling the day-to-day affairs of the Cabinet.

The Cabinet Office is formally headed by the Prime Minister.

Cabinet of Japan
The Cabinet of Japan (内閣, Naikaku; Japanese pronunciation: [naꜜi.ka.kɯ]) is the chief executive body of the government of Japan. It consists of the prime minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being nominated by the National Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, called ministers of state. The current cabinet, the Second Takaichi cabinet, was formed on 18 February 2026 and is led by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. The country has had a Liberal Democratic Party-led majority government since 2026.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.
Chav
"Chav" (/tʃæv/), also "charver", or "scally" in parts of England, is a British term, usually used in a pejorative way. The term is used to describe an anti-social lower-class youth dressed in sportswear. The term has been described as classist. Julie Burchill described the term as a form of "social racism". "Chavette" is a related term referring to female chavs, and the adjectives "chavvy", "chavvish", and "chavtastic" are used to describe things associated with chavs, such as fashion, slang, etc. In Australia, "eshay" or "adlay" has been described as a "try-hard chav".

Eshay
Eshay (/ˈɛʃeɪ/) is a slang expression associated with an Australian urban youth subculture that originated from Sydney’s inner-south, predominantly the areas around Tempe, Sydenham and St Peters in the early 1990s (where a number of immigrants from England had settled and influenced the Australian youth culture), but was brought into the mainstream since the late 2010s and the 2020s.

In New Zealand, "hoodrats" are a similar subculture.
Harmony Kendall
Harmony Kendall is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon for the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel. The character is portrayed by Mercedes McNab. Originally cast as a minor character, McNab's credited status elevated to guest star and ultimately series regular over the course of her tenure in Buffy and Angel.

Angel season 5
The fifth and final season of the television series Angel, the spin-off of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, premiered on October 1, 2003 on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season and its television run on May 19, 2004. The season aired on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm ET. This is the only season of Angel to air following the finale of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
John Mathieson (computer scientist)
John Mathieson is a British computer chip designer who initially worked for Sinclair Research on the cancelled Loki computer project before co-founding Flare with ex-Sinclair colleagues Martin Brennan and Ben Cheese.

After working at Flare on the Flare 1 and its development into the Konix Multisystem, he worked for Atari Corporation developing the Atari Panther video game console. It was abandoned in favor of its successor, the Atari Jaguar. The Jaguar was commercially released in the United States on November 23, 1993. Mathieson has been called "the father of the Jaguar."

After leaving Atari, Mathieson worked on the development of the ill-fated NUON media processor at VM Labs. He moved to work for Nvidia at the end of 2001. As Director of Mobile Systems Architecture at Nvidia Corp. he led the system architecture team for three generations of the Tegra applications processor.

Sinclair Research
Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Clive Sinclair in Cambridge in the 1970s. In 1980, the company entered the home computer market with the ZX80 at £99.95, at that time the cheapest personal computer for sale in the United Kingdom. A year later, the ZX81 became available through retailers, introducing home computing to a generation, with more than 1.5 million sold. In 1982 the ZX Spectrum was released, becoming the UK's best selling computer, and competing aggressively against Commodore and Amstrad.

A combination of the failures of the Sinclair QL computer and the TV80 pocket television led to financial difficulties in 1985, and a year later Sinclair sold the rights to its computer products and brand name to Amstrad. Sinclair Research Ltd continued to exist as a one-man company, marketing Clive Sinclair's inventions.
Euphoria (beetle)
Euphoria is a genus of scarab beetles in the subfamily Cetoniinae, the flower or fruit chafers. They are native to the Americas, where they are distributed from Canada to Argentina. They are most diverse in Mexico and Central America. As of 2012, there are 59 species in the genus.

Flower chafer
Flower chafers are a group of scarab beetles comprising the subfamily Cetoniinae. Many species are diurnal and visit flowers for pollen and nectar or to browse on the petals. Some species also feed on fruit. The group is also called fruit and flower chafers, flower beetles, and flower scarabs. Around 4,000 species are known, but many of them are still undescribed.

Ten tribes currently are recognized: Cetoniini, Cremastocheilini, Diplognathini, Goliathini, Gymnetini, Phaedimini, Schizorhinini, Stenotarsiini, Taenioderini, and Xiphoscelidini. The former tribes Trichiini and Valgini were elevated in rank to subfamily. The tribe Gymnetini has the most species of the American tribes, and Goliathini contains the largest species and is mainly found in the rainforest regions of Africa.
Smithfield Road Historic District
The Smithfield Road Historic District is a rural historic district in North Smithfield, Rhode Island, along Old Smithfield Road (Rhode Island Route 146A).  It extends along Old Smithfield Road north from its junction with Sayles Hill Road, and is roughly bisected by Spring Brook.  It includes eight historic houses or farmsteads, two 19th-century cemeteries, and a dam (whose construction date is unknown) on Spring Brook just east of the road.  The district encompasses a cross-section of the development of agricultural properties in North Smithfield over the 19th century, with properties dating from 1811 (1034 Old Smithfield Road) to 1932 (1172 Old Smithfield Road).  The district covers 170 acres (69 ha), which includes lands currently and formerly in agricultural use.

The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

North Smithfield, Rhode Island
North Smithfield is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States, settled as a farming community in 1666 and incorporated into its present form in 1871. North Smithfield includes the historic villages of Forestdale, Primrose, Waterford, Branch Village, Union Village, Park Square, and Slatersville. The population was 12,588 at the 2020 census.
Gaston du Bousquet
Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910) was a French engineer who was Chief of Motive Power (ingénieur en chef traction) of the Chemin de Fer du Nord, designer of locomotives and professor at École centrale de Lille.

4-6-4
4-6-4, under the Whyte notation for the classification of locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels. In France where the type was first used, it is known as the Baltic while it became known as the Hudson in most of North America.
George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates
Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency.

In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1. President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19.

On September 5, two days after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush renominated Roberts as the 17th chief justice of the United States. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 29, 2005.

On October 3, Bush nominated White House Counsel Harriet Miers to succeed O'Connor. However, Miers withdrew her nomination on October 27 after facing significant opposition.

On October 31, Bush nominated another federal appellate judge, Samuel Alito, as his new choice to replace O'Connor. Alito was confirmed as the 110th justice of the Supreme Court on January 31, 2006.

Emilio M. Garza
Emilio Miller Garza (born August 1, 1947) is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.
Gießen station
Gießen railway station (German: Bahnhof Gießen) is the main railway station in Gießen, Hesse, Germany. The station is a Category 2 station is used by 20,000 passengers daily. The station was opened on 25 August 1850 and is located on the Main-Weser Railway (Kassel – Frankfurt (Main)) and Dill railway (Siegen – Gießen). The current station reception building was built between 1904 and 1911. The main original station building is a historic landmark and has been protected. Outside the station is a bus station and a taxi rank . Parking garages are located nearby.

Giessen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (German pronunciation: [ˈɡiːsn̩] ⓘ), is a town in the German state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students.

The name comes from Giezzen, as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly 50 kilometres (31 miles) north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen.

In 1969, the town hosted the ninth Hessentag state festival.
Nora (EWTC show)
Nora is a theatre show directed by Haris Pasovic and produced by the East West Theatre Company based in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The show is based on Henrik Ibsen's 1879 play A Doll's House, which was translated into Bosnian by Munib Delalic. Nora is the story of a young successful couple who seemingly live a perfect life but suffer from marital problems under the surface.

East West Theatre Company
East West Theatre Company (Bosnian: East West Centar) was established in 2005 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a nonprofit cultural institution which produces performing arts programs, publications, films, and music events. It also organizes touring shows, discussions, forums, master-classes and workshops. Important components of its work include a creation of new work and a commitment to international cooperation.
Jalapeño
The jalapeño (/ˌhæləˈpiːnjoʊ, ˌhɑːl-, -ˈpeɪ-/ HA(H)L-ə-PEE-nyoh, -⁠PAY-, Spanish: [xalaˈpeɲo] ⓘ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum. A mature jalapeño chili is 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 25–38 mm (1–1+1⁄2 in) wide, and hangs down from the plant. The pungency of jalapeño peppers varies, but is usually between 4,000 and 8,500 units on the Scoville scale. Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is a flowering plant in the family Solanaceae (nightshades), native to the northern regions of South America and to southwestern North America. The plant produces berries of many colors including red, green, and yellow, often with pungent taste. It is one of the oldest cultivated crops, with domestication dating back to around 6,000 years ago in regions of Mexico. The genus Capsicum has over 30 species but Capsicum annuum is the primary species in its genus, as it has been widely cultivated for human consumption for a substantial amount of time and has spread across the world. This species has many uses in culinary, medicine, self-defense, and ornamental applications.
Shimotsuke Province
Shimotsuke Province (下野国, Shimotsuke no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [ɕi.moꜜ.tsɯ̥.ke (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Tochigi Prefecture. Shimotsuke was bordered by Kōzuke, Hitachi, Mutsu and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Yashū (野州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Shimotsuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.  The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Tochigi. The Ichinomiya of the province is the Futarasan jinja located in what is now the city of Utsunomiya.

Hitachi Province
Hitachi Province (常陸国, Hitachi no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [çi̥ꜜ.ta.tɕi (no kɯ.ɲi), çi̥.taꜜ.tɕi-]) was an old province of Japan  in the area of  Ibaraki Prefecture. It was sometimes called Jōshū (常州). Hitachi Province bordered on Shimōsa (Lower Fusa), Shimotsuke, and  Mutsu (Iwase -1718-, Iwashiro -1869-, Iwaki -1718- and  -1869-) Provinces. Generally, its northern border was with Mutsu.
Kingdom of Katsina
The Kingdom of Katsina was a Hausa kingdom centred on the city of Katsina in modern-day northern Nigeria that was established some time in the early second millennium CE, and endured until its conquest in 1805/6 during the jihad of Usman dan Fodio. Following this, its dynasty was replaced with a Fulani one subordinate to the Sokoto Caliphate, and the polity continues to exist today as the Katsina Emirate, a non-sovereign monarchy in Nigeria.

Katsina was one of the Hausa Bakwai states, believed to be founded by Kumayo, a descendant of Bayajidda according to legend. Throughout its history, Katsina has been governed by various dynasties, and was a vassal to neighboring empires such as Songhai and Bornu. At its peak, Katsina's capital was a prominent city in the western Sudan, attracting scholars from the wider region, especially during the decline of Timbuktu in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Daura Emirate
The Daura Emirate is a religious and traditional state in Northern Nigeria, the Emir of Daura still rules as a ceremonial hereditary monarch, and maintains a palace.
Muhammad Bashar became the emir in 1966, reigning for 41 years until his death in 2007, On 28 February 2007, Umar Faruk Umar became Emir of Daura succeeding Muhammad Bashar. Alh Sabiu Ibrahim Dantawai become the chairman of daura 2014