hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Oliver Barnes
Oliver Barnes is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera Neighbours, played by David Hoflin. He made his first appearance during the episode broadcast on 30 January 2007. Oliver is the oldest son of Rebecca Napier (Jane Hall) and the brother of Declan Napier (James Sorensen). Some of Oliver's biggest storylines included discovering that he was adopted, finding his birth parents and becoming a father. Oliver departed the show on 8 August 2008. Hoflin and his co-star Natalie Blair reprised their roles in March 2011 to help facilitate Hall's departure from the show.

James Sorensen
James Sorensen (born 18 July 1986) is an Australian former professional model and actor. He is best known for portraying Declan Napier in the soap opera Neighbours. Sorensen served in the Australian Army in his early 20s. He completed his PhD in medical research in 2020 and his Doctorate of Medicine in 2022. He works as a medical doctor and medical researcher.
Carl Ludwig Willdenow
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (22 August 1765 – 10 July 1812) was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist.  He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants.  Willdenow was also a mentor of Alexander von Humboldt, one of the earliest and best known phytogeographers. He also influenced Christian Konrad Sprengel, who pioneered the study of plant pollination and floral biology.

Christian Konrad Sprengel
Christian Konrad Sprengel (22 September 1750 – 7 April 1816) was a German naturalist, theologist, and teacher. He is most famous for his research on plant sexuality. Sprengel was the first to recognize that the function of flowers was to attract insects, and that nature favored cross-pollination. Along with the work of Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter he set the foundations for the modern study of floral biology and anthecology, but his work was not widely recognized until Charles Darwin examined and confirmed several of his observations almost 50 years later; see Fertilisation of Orchids (1862).
OpenBTS
OpenBTS (Open Base Transceiver Station) is a software-based GSM access point, allowing standard GSM-compatible mobile phones to be used as SIP endpoints in Voice over IP (VoIP) networks. OpenBTS is open-source software developed and maintained by Range Networks. The public release of OpenBTS is notable for being the first free-software implementation of the lower three layers of the industry-standard GSM protocol stack.
It is written in C++ and released as free software under the terms of version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License.

Base station subsystem
The base station subsystem (BSS) is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. The BSS carries out transcoding of speech channels, allocation of radio channels to mobile phones, paging, transmission and reception over the air interface and many other tasks related to the radio network.
Irina Lăzăreanu
Irina Lăzăreanu (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈrina ləzəˈre̯anu]; born 8 June 1982) is a Canadian model and folk singer. She has been an ambassador for Chanel and a muse to designers Karl Lagerfeld and Nicolas Ghesquière. As a musician, she is closely associated with Pete Doherty. Her debut album Some Place Along the Way was produced by Sean Lennon.

Pete Doherty
Peter Doherty (born 12 March 1979) is an English musician. He is best known for being co-frontman of the Libertines, which he formed with Carl Barât in 1997. His other musical projects are indie bands Babyshambles and Peter Doherty and the Puta Madres.
Multi-scale approaches
The scale space representation of a signal obtained by Gaussian smoothing satisfies a number of special properties, scale-space axioms, which make it into a special form of multi-scale representation. There are, however, also other types of "multi-scale approaches" in the areas of computer vision, image processing and signal processing, in particular the notion of wavelets. The purpose of this article is to describe a few of these approaches:

Scale-space axioms
In image processing and computer vision, a scale space framework can be used to represent an image as a family of gradually smoothed images.  This framework is very general and a variety of scale space representations exist.  A typical approach for choosing a particular type of scale space representation is to establish a set of scale-space axioms, describing basic properties of the desired scale-space representation and often chosen so as to make the representation useful in practical applications. Once established, the axioms narrow the possible scale-space representations to a smaller class, typically with only a few free parameters.

A set of standard scale space axioms, discussed below, leads to the linear Gaussian scale-space, which is the most common type of scale space used in image processing and computer vision.
6-Hydroxytryptamine
6-Hydroxytryptamine (6-HT or 6-HO-T) is a serotonin receptor modulator of the tryptamine family related to serotonin. It is a positional isomer of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and of 4-hydroxytryptamine (4-HT).

4-Hydroxytryptamine
4-Hydroxytryptamine (4-HT, 4-HTA), also known as N,N-didesmethylpsilocin, is a naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid. It is closely related chemically to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the psychedelic psilocin, and is the active form of the tryptamine alkaloid norbaeocystin.

The compound is a serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, but in contrast to certain closely related compounds like psilocin, appears to be non-hallucinogenic.

4-HT may occur naturally in Psilocybe baeocystis and Psilocybe cyanescens. It may serve as an alternative precursor in the biosynthesis of psilocybin (4-PO-DMT) in psilocybin mushrooms.
Dan Andriano
Daniel Michael Andriano (born June 27, 1977) is an American musician. He is best known as the co-lead vocalist and bassist of the punk rock band Alkaline Trio; though not a founding member, he has appeared on every studio album to date.

Andriano also records solo material under the names Dan Andriano in the Emergency Room and has released two solo albums to date, Hurricane Season (2011) and Party Adjacent (2015). In 2019, he played bass with the rock supergroup The Damned Things.

Hurricane Season (album)
Hurricane Season is the first studio album by Alkaline Trio vocalist and bassist Dan Andriano, released on August 9, 2011, through Asian Man Records. The album is primarily acoustic, and was met with positive critical reception, being given a 4.5/5 by PunkNews, and a 4/5 by Alternative Press.

From This Oil Can borrows lyrics from I Remember A Rooftop, a song Andriano wrote for Alkaline Trio's acoustic album Damnesia.
Moulty (song)
"Moulty" is a song by the American band The Barbarians, and was released in 1966 on Laurie Records. It was written by Doug Morris, Barbara Baer, Eliot Greenberg, and Robert Schwartz, and was also produced by Morris. The song was backed by the Hawks, later known as the Band. The lyrics refer to drummer Victor "Moulty" Moulton's loss of his left hand, and the feelings of estrangement that followed.

The song would be released as a single by the label without the consent of Moulton, which led to the Barbarians ceasing relations with the company. "Moulty" would peak at number 90 on the Billboard Hot 100 and be the band's second and final hit after their single "Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl".

The Barbarians (band)
The Barbarians was an American garage rock band formed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, that was active from 1964 to 1967. They are known for their 1965 hit song "Are You a Boy or Are You a Girl", and their album of the same name.
Uridine triphosphate
Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription. UTP is the precursor for the production of CTP via CTP synthetase. UTP can be biosynthesized from UDP by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase after using the phosphate group from ATP. UDP + ATP ⇌ UTP + ADP; both UTP and ATP are energetically equal.

The homologue in DNA is thymidine triphosphate (TTP or dTTP). UTP also has a deoxyribose form (dUTP).

Thymidine triphosphate
Thymidine triphosphate (TTP), also called deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP),
is one of the four nucleoside triphosphates that are used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA.  Unlike the other deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, thymidine triphosphate does not always contain the "deoxy" prefix in its name.  This is because dTTP does not have a corresponding ribonucleoside triphosphate, as the uridine triphosphate, which lacks thymidine's 5-methylation, is used instead.

dTTP is synthesized via the methylation of dUMP via thymidylate synthase.

It can be used by DNA ligase to create overlapping "sticky ends" so that protruding ends of opened microbial plasmids may be closed up.
Elkouria Amidane
Elkouria Amidane (born 29 September 1985) is a Sahrawi student and human rights activist. Elkouria Amidane has over the years conducted non-violent struggle for self-determination in Western Sahara  and demonstrated for Saharawi student's rights against Morocco. Elkouria Amidane was awarded the Student Peace Prize in 2009 for her work for human rights and the Saharawi people. Elkouria Amidane was awarded the Ordfront Democracy Prize at the Swedish parliament.

She denounced that Sahrawi students were discriminated in school, as they are recognized by their native language, Hassānīya. With help from international human rights organizations, she spread videos and photos documenting Moroccan human rights violations on the Sahrawi population and has been published by Amnesty International. For their political actions, Amidane and her family have been jailed and incarcerated, and the Moroccan police have frequently searched their house.

Student Peace Prize
The Student Peace Prize (SPP) is awarded biennially to a student or a student organization that has made a significant contribution to creating peace and promoting human rights. The Student Peace Prize was established in 1999 – as an initiative by volunteers from the International Student Festival in Trondheim (ISFiT). The prize is awarded on behalf of all Norwegian students, and is administrated by the Student Peace Prize Secretariat in Trondheim, which appoints a national nominations committee with representatives from universities and colleges in Norway, as well as an independent Peace Prize Committee that awards the prize. The award ceremony takes place during the International Student Festival in Trondheim (ISFiT).

The current leader of the Student Peace Prize is Martin Støldal Gjervan.
M. L. A. Yedukondalu
M. L. A. Yedukondalu is a 1983 Indian Telugu-language film directed by Dasari Narayana Rao. Produced by D. Himabindu and presented by Rayapa Raju, the film stars Dasari Narayana Rao in the titular role along with Sujatha and Gummadi. It was a critical and commercial success and was later remade in Hindi by Dasari himself as Aaj Ka M.L.A. Ram Avtar in 1984.

Sujatha (actress)
Sujatha (10 December 1952 – 6 April 2011) was an Indian actress who worked in Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu films in addition to few in Kannada and Hindi languages as well. The actress was best known for restraint and subtlety in portrayal of varied emotions. After starring in numerous Malayalam films in her mother-tongue, Sujatha later got introduced to the Tamil film industry by veteran director K. Balachander and as a protagonist in her first Tamil film, Aval Oru Thodar Kathai (1974).
Immunologic adjuvant
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens."

In the early days of vaccine manufacture, significant variations in the efficacy of different batches of the same vaccine were correctly assumed to be caused by contamination of the reaction vessels. However, it was soon found that more scrupulous cleaning actually seemed to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccines, and some contaminants actually enhanced the immune response.

There are many known adjuvants in widespread use, including potassium alum, various plant and animal derived oils and virosomes.

Freund's adjuvant
Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete form, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA or CFA) is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usually M. tuberculosis), whereas the incomplete form (FIA or IFA) lacks the mycobacterial components (hence just the water in oil emulsion). It is named after Jules T. Freund.
Traumschiff Surprise – Periode 1
(T)Raumschiff Surprise – Periode 1 ("Dream/Spaceship Surprise — Period 1") is a 2004 German comedy film by Michael "Bully" Herbig. It is a spoof of the 1960s American television series Star Trek and parodies several science fiction films. The film follows the eccentric crew of the spaceship Surprise in the year 2304, who must travel back in time to the year 2004 to save Earth from a Martian invasion.

As a spiritual successor to Der Schuh des Manitu, the film is based on a recurring skit from Herbig's TV show Bullyparade, "Unser (T)Raumschiff". The title and plot allude to Raumschiff Enterprise, the German title of Star Trek. Raumschiff is the German word for spacecraft; Traumschiff means "dream ship", which was also a reference to Das Traumschiff, a German television series, similar to the series The Love Boat.

Bullyparade
Bullyparade is a German late night comedy sketch show which aired from 1997 to 2002 on German channel ProSieben. Michael Herbig, Rick Kavanian and Christian Tramitz were the main cast of the show. Herbig also directed, produced and mainly developed the show, while all three comedians wrote the sketches and characters.
Washington, Indiana
Washington is a city in Daviess County, Indiana, United States. The population was 12,017 at the time of the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Daviess County. It is also the principal city of the Washington, Indiana Micropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises all of Daviess County and had an estimated 2017 population of 31,648.

Daviess County, Indiana
Daviess County /ˈdeɪviːz/ is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 33,381. The county seat is Washington. About 15% of the county's population is Amish of Swiss origin, as of 2017.
Hathras Junction railway station
Hathras Junction railway station is on the Kanpur–Delhi section of Howrah–Delhi main line and Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line. It is located in Hathras district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It serves Hathras and surrounding areas.

Hathras Kila railway station
Hathras Kila railway station or Hathras Fort Railway Station is a freight Terminus train station in Hathras, Uttar Pradesh. Its code is HRF. It serves Hathras city. The station consists of one platform. The platform is not well sheltered. It lacks many facilities including water and sanitation. This station is mainly used for cargo purposes and have rail yard in the station's premises.
SPLAT!
SPLAT! (short for an RF Signal Propagation, Loss, And Terrain analysis tool) is a GNU GPL-licensed terrestrial radio propagation model application initially written for Linux but has since been ported for Windows and OS X.  SPLAT! can use the Longley-Rice path loss and coverage prediction using the Irregular Terrain Model to predict the behaviour and reliability of radio links, and to predict path loss.

SRTM filenames refer to the latitude and longitude of the southwest corner of the topographic dataset contained within the file. Therefore, the region of interest must lie north and east of the latitude and longitude provided in the SRTM filename.

Longley–Rice model
The Longley–Rice model (LR) is a radio propagation model: a method for predicting the attenuation of radio signals for a telecommunication link in the frequency range of 40 MHz to 100 GHz.

Longley-Rice is also known as the irregular terrain model (ITM). It was created by scientists Anita Longley and Phil Rice of the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (then part of the Environmental Science Services Administration) in Boulder, Colorado for the needs of frequency planning in television broadcasting in the United States in the 1960s. The model was extensively used for preparing the tables of channel allocations for VHF/UHF broadcasting there.  LR has two parts: a model for predictions over an area and a model for point-to-point link predictions.
Desmophlebium
Desmophlebium is a genus of ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, it is the only genus in the family Desmophlebiaceae. Other sources place it in a more widely defined Aspleniaceae.

Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish on the classification of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies. In 2016, the group published a classification for extant pteridophytes, termed "PPG I". The paper had 94 authors (26 principal and 68 additional).
The classification was presented as a consensus classification supported by the community of fern taxonomists. Alternative classifications of ferns exist and are preferred by some.
Alexandria, Indiana
Alexandria is a city in Monroe Township, Madison County, Indiana, United States. It is about 48 miles (77 km) northeast of Indianapolis. According to the 2020 census, its population was 5,149, nearly unchanged from 2010.

Anderson, Indiana
Anderson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 54,788 at the 2020 census. It is named after Chief William Anderson.  The city is the headquarters of the Church of God and its Anderson University. Highlights of the city include the historic Paramount Theatre and the Gruenewald House.
Gadalla Gubara
Gadalla Gubara (Arabic: جاد الله جبارة, July 1920 – 21 August 2008) was a Sudanese cameraman, film producer, director and photographer. Over five decades, he produced more than 50 documentaries and three feature films. He was a pioneer of African cinema, and a co-founder of both the Pan-African Federation of Filmmakers FEPACI and the FESPACO Film festival, held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. His daughter, Sara Gubara, who is a graduate of Cairo Higher Institute of Cinema, Egypt, assisted him with his later film projects, after he had lost his eyesight.

Pan African Federation of Filmmakers
The Pan African Federation of Filmmakers (Fédération Panafricaine des Cinéastes or FEPACI) is an organisation representing filmmakers from the continent of Africa. It was officially established in 1970, after a foundation meeting held in Tunis in 1969.
Battle of Endirey
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and its allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and took place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.

Insurgency in Chechnya (1722)
The 1722 Insurgency in Chechnya occurred because of the refusal of the Chechens and the Endirey Khanate to swear allegiance to the Russian Empire, due to the oppression of the highlanders by the Tsarist regime, followed by several raids on the Terek fortress by the former, which led to a Russian campaign against the North Caucasians in July and August 1722.
Dodengang
The Dodengang (Dutch, also called Trench of Death in English and Le Boyau de la mort in French) is a World War I memorial site located near Diksmuide, Belgium. The site is located about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) from the IJzertoren in the centre of the city, and is set directly on the banks of the Yser Canal.

Ieperlee
The Ieperlee (or Ypres-Ijzer Canal) is a canalized river that rises in Heuvelland in the Belgian province of West Flanders and flows via the city of Ypres (Ieper) into the Yser at Fort Knokke.

The river is 17 kilometres (11 mi) long. Its name is derived from iep, the Dutch word for elm. It gave its name to the city of Ypres. In the 11th century the river was canalized to link the city, which had a thriving cloth industry, to the sea. Even in 1842, some 2,034 boats still passed the lock at Boezinge. Today, the canal is only used for recreational purposes.

During the First World War, the river was part of the frontline. It linked the Ypres Salient, held by the French and English, to the Yser Front, held by the Belgian Army (see Dodengang).
Sangzhi County
Sangzhi (simplified Chinese: 桑植县; traditional Chinese: 桑植縣; pinyin: Sāngzhí Xiàn) is a county in Hunan Province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiajie. Located on the northern margin of Hunan, Sangzhi County is bordered to the east by Cili County, to the south by Yongding and Wulingyuan Districts, to the west by Yongshun and Longshan Counties, and to the north by Xuan'en and Hefeng Counties in Hubei province.

Sangzhi county is home to several ethnic groups, including the Tujia, Miao, and Bai people. The County covers an area of 3,474 square kilometres (1,341 sq mi) and had a population of approximately 479,500 as of 2015. As on 27 November 2015, It was divided into 23 township-level division divisions, with its county seat located in Liyuan Town (澧源镇).

Yongding, Zhangjiajie
Yongding District (simplified Chinese: 永定区; traditional Chinese: 永定區; pinyin: Yǒngdìng Qū) is one of two urban districts in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. Located on the south of Zhangjiajie, the district is bordered to the north by Wulingyuan District and Sangzhi County, to the northeast by Cili County, to the east by Taoyuan County, to the southeast by Yuanling County, and to the southwest by Yongshun County. Yongding District has an area of 2,208 square kilometres (853 sq mi) with a registered population of 468,300 (as of 2015). It is divided into six subdistricts, seven towns and seven subdistricts (November 27, 2015), and its government seat is Xixiping (西溪坪街道).
Teesri Manzil
Teesri Manzil   (transl. Third floor) is a 1966 Indian Hindi-language musical mystery film directed by Vijay Anand and produced by Nasir Hussain. Released on 21 October 1966, the film stars Shammi Kapoor and Asha Parekh in titular roles and Helen, Premnath, Iftekhar and Prem Chopra in supporting roles.

Indiatimes Movies ranks the film amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films.

Prem Nath
Premnath Malhotra, better known as Prem Nath (21 November 1926 – 3 November 1992) was an Indian actor and director, who was best known for his works in Hindi films. Nath made his debut with the film Ajit (1948), and went on to appear in over 100 films throughout his career. He was nominated for three Filmfare Awards, and later retired in 1985.