hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mineral Range Railroad
The Mineral Range Railroad (reporting mark MRA) is a shortline railroad in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It began operations in 2002 over a three mile long industrial track from Ishpeming to National Mine to serve an explosives plant. The railroad expanded in 2012 to include 12 miles of former Lake Superior and Ishpeming rail lines operated by Canadian National between Ishpeming and Humboldt to serve the Eagle Mine concentrating plant.

The Humboldt Mill was reopened in 2014 and is operated by Eagle Mine, owned by Lundin Mining. It was originally opened in 1954 by Cleveland-Cliffs Inc, who operated it until 1979. Between 1985 and 1990, Callahan Mining Company used it to process gold from the Ropes Gold Mine in Ishpeming, Michigan. After several changes in ownership, Eagle Mine started to use it for nickel and copper extraction in 2014.

Traffic on the Mineral Range Railroad primarily consists of nickel and copper ore concentrates.

Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad
The Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad (reporting mark LSI), is a Class III railroad U.S. railroad offering service from Marquette, Michigan, to nearby locations in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It began operations in 1896. The LS&I continues to operate as an independent railroad from its headquarters in Marquette.

At the end of 1970, LS&I operated 117 miles of road on 241 miles of track (188 on 388 km); that year it reported 43 million ton-miles (63 million tkm) of freight. In 2011, LS&I had been reduced to 25 miles (40 km) of track.
Idris Imad al-Din
Idris Imad al-Din ibn al-Hasan al-Qurashi (Arabic: إدريس عماد الدين بن الحسن القرشي, romanized: ʾIdrīs ʿImād al-Dīn ibn al-Ḥasan al-Qurashī; 1392 – 10 June 1468) was the 19th Da'i al-Mutlaq of Tayyibi Isma'ilis from 1428 to 1468. A major religious and political leader in 15th-century Yemen, as well as a notable theologian, Idris was also an important medieval Isma'ili historian whose work is fundamental for the history of the Fatimid Caliphate and the Isma'ili communities in Yemen.

Dawah
Daʿwah (Arabic: دعوة, Arabic: [ˈdaʕwah], "invitation", also spelt dâvah, daawa, dawah, daawah or dakwah) is the act of proselytizing people to Islam. The plural is daʿwāt (دَعْوات) or daʿawāt (دَعَوات). Preachers who engage in dawah are known as da'i.
La Cambe German war cemetery
La Cambe is a Second World War German military war grave cemetery, located close to the American landing beach of Omaha, and 25.5 km (15.8 mi) north west of Bayeux in Normandy, France. It is the largest German war cemetery in Normandy and contains the remains of over 21,200 German military personnel. Initially, American and German dead were buried in adjacent fields but American dead were later disinterred and either returned to the US or re-interred at the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial, 15 km (9.3 mi) away. After the war over 12,000 German dead were moved from approximately 1,400 field burials across Normandy to La Cambe. The cemetery is maintained and managed by the voluntary German War Graves Commission (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge).

German War Graves Commission
The People's Alliance of the German War Graves Care (German: Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge, pronounced [ˈfɔlksbʊnt ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈkʁiːksɡʁɛːbɐˌfyːɐ̯zɔʁɡə] ⓘ) is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of German war graves in Europe and North Africa. Its objectives are acquisition, maintenance and care of German war graves; tending to next of kin; youth and educational work; and preservation of the memory to the sacrifices of war and despotism. Former head of the Bundeswehr Wolfgang Schneiderhan was elected President of the organisation in 2016, succeeding SPD politician Markus Meckel. The President of Germany, currently Frank-Walter Steinmeier (SPD), is the organisation's patron.
Dong Ampham National Biodiversity Conservation Area
Dong Ampham National Biodiversity Conservation Area is an extensive protected area which covers a significant part of Attapeu Province and Sekong Province in the southeast corner of Laos on the border with Vietnam. It covers the northeastern part of Attapeu Province and southeastern part of Sekong Province.

The heavily forested area, covering about 200,000 hectares, forms one of the National Biodiversity Conservation Areas of Laos. It was established on 29 October 1993.

National Biodiversity Conservation Area
A National Biodiversity Conservation Area (NBCA) is an environmentally protected area in Laos. There are altogether 21 different NBCAs in Laos, protecting 29,775 square kilometers. Another 10 NBCAs have been proposed, the territory of many of them being treated by authorities as though they were already officially protected.
185th Tunnelling Company
The 185th Tunnelling Company was one of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers created by the British Army during World War I. The tunnelling units were occupied in offensive and defensive mining involving the placing and maintaining of mines under enemy lines, as well as other underground work such as the construction of deep dugouts for troop accommodation, the digging of subways, saps (a narrow trench dug to approach enemy trenches), cable trenches and underground chambers for signals and medical services.

L'îlot de La Boisselle
50°01′07″N 2°41′28″E﻿ / ﻿50.0185°N 2.691°E﻿ / 50.0185; 2.691

L'îlot de La Boisselle (French: ilôt meaning "small island") is a small, 3.12-hectare (7.7-acre) historic site in the commune of Ovillers-la-Boisselle in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France. L'îlot was heavily fought over  during the First World War, when it was known as Granathof (German: "shell farm") to the Germans and as Glory Hole to British soldiers. The site is private property and opens to the public by appointment with Claudie Llewellyn (who lives in Montauban-de-Picardie: 06 11 30 76 35).
Castelpagano
Castelpagano (Beneventan: Castiello ro Paiane) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 80 km northeast of Naples and about 30 km north of Benevento.

Castelpagano borders the following municipalities: Cercemaggiore, Circello, Colle Sannita, Riccia, Santa Croce del Sannio.

Santa Croce del Sannio
Santa Croce del Sannio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Naples and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Benevento.

Santa Croce del Sannio borders the municipalities of Castelpagano, Cercemaggiore, Circello and Morcone.
Road to Canossa
The Road to Canossa or Humiliation of Canossa (Italian: L'umiliazione di Canossa), or, sometimes, the Walk to Canossa (German: Gang nach Canossa/Kanossa) was the journey of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV to Canossa Castle in 1077, and his subsequent ritual submission there to Pope Gregory VII. It took place during the Investiture controversy and involved the Emperor seeking absolution and the revocation of his excommunication by the Pope who had been staying at the castle as the guest of Margravine Matilda of Tuscany.

According to contemporary sources, he was forced to supplicate on his knees, waiting for three days and nights before the castle gate  while a blizzard raged, "one of the most dramatic moments of the Middle Ages". The episode has spurred much debate among medieval chroniclers as well as modern historians, who dispute whether the walk was a humiliating defeat for the emperor or a "brilliant masterstroke".

Canossa Castle
The Castle of Canossa is a castle in Canossa, province of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, especially known for being the location of the Road to Canossa, the meeting of Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy (1077).
The Owl and the Ape
"The Owl and the Ape" is a fantasy story by American writer L. Sprague de Camp, part of his Pusadian series. It was first published in the magazine Imagination: Stories of Science and Fantasy for November, 1951, and first appeared in book form in the de Camp's collection The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (Twayne, 1953). The story has also appeared in the anthology Kingdoms of Sorcery (1976). and the de Camp omnibus collection Lest Darkness Fall/Rogue Queen/The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales (2014). It has also been translated into German.

The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales
The Tritonian Ring and Other Pusadian Tales is a 1953 collection of stories by American science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Twayne Publishers. An E-book edition was published as The Tritonian Ring and Other Pasudian [sic] Tales by Gollancz's SF Gateway imprint on September 29, 2011 as part of a general release of de Camp's works in electronic form. The pieces were originally published between 1951 and 1953 in the magazines and anthologies Two Complete Science Adventure Books, Fantasy Fiction, Imagination Stories of Science and Fantasy, and Fantastic Adventures. The title story, the novel The Tritonian Ring has also been published separately.

The book is a collection of de Camp's early Pusadian tales, all of which are set in an antediluvian world patterned after Robert E. Howard's Hyborian Age.
La Salle-de-Vihiers
La Salle-de-Vihiers (French pronunciation: [la sal də vije] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.

La Chapelle-Rousselin
La Chapelle-Rousselin (French pronunciation: [la ʃapɛl ʁuslɛ̃] ⓘ) is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department of western France.

On 15 December 2015, Chanzeaux, La Chapelle-Rousselin, Chemillé-Melay, Cossé-d'Anjou, La Jumellière, Neuvy-en-Mauges, Sainte-Christine, Saint-Georges-des-Gardes, Saint-Lézin, La Salle-de-Vihiers, La Tourlandry and  Valanjou merged becoming one commune called Chemillé-en-Anjou.
Flyte
Flyte is a 2006 children's novel by Angie Sage and the second book in the Septimus Heap series. The book's cover was modelled after the in-story book: How to Survive Dragon Fostering: A Practykal Guide with the Flyte Charm lying on top. Flyte was released in March 2006 through HarperCollins and Bloomsbury Publishing.

Jenna Heap
Jenna Heap is a leading character in the Septimus Heap book series by Angie Sage. She is the adoptive sister of Septimus and the adoptive daughter of Silas and Sarah Heap. Jenna has many friends in the book, and many enemies, too. Although she acknowledges they are not her birth family, Jenna loves her adoptive family including her seven brothers, her grandfather Benji, her parents, and her Aunt Zelda.
Lydney railway station
Lydney railway station is a railway station serving the town of Lydney in Gloucestershire, England. It is located on the Gloucester-Newport line, 133 miles 37 chains (214.8 km) from the zero point at Paddington, measured via Stroud. The station is located a mile south of Lydney, and was originally called Lydney Junction, which is now the name of the nearby station on the preserved Dean Forest Railway.

Lydney Junction railway station
Lydney Junction railway station is a railway station near Lydney in Gloucestershire. The station is now the southern terminus of the Dean Forest Railway. It is located to the south of Lydney, near the A48 road.

The diesel department of the preserved line uses Lydney Junction as a base of operations.
Ardglen Tunnel
The Ardglen Tunnel, also called the Liverpool Range tunnel, is a heritage-listed summit rail tunnel located on the Main North railway between the village of Ardglen and Murrurundi in New South Wales, Australia. The tunnel crosses under the Liverpool Range near its east end, below Nowlands Gap (otherwise known as Murrurundi Gap), the crossing used by the New England Highway, and provides a vital link between Newcastle and Werris Creek. The tunnel was completed in 1877 and is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity, a state-owned corporation of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
Gamyam
Gamyam (transl. Destination) is a 2008 Indian Telugu-language road film written and directed by Krish in his directorial debut. The film stars Allari Naresh, Sharwanand, and Kamalinee Mukherjee.

Loosely inspired by The Motorcycle Diaries (2004), the plot follows the quest of Abhiram (Sharwanand), a rich and arrogant man to seek his love, Janaki (Mukherjee). He is joined by Gaali Seenu (Naresh), a road-side thief in a journey that ultimately results in his self-discovery.

The film received widespread critical acclaim and was a commercial success. It won four Nandi Awards, including Best Feature Film and Best Director, and four Filmfare Awards South, including Best Film and Best Director. In 2009, it was remade in Tamil as Kadhalna Summa Illai (transl. Love is not a joke), with Ravi Krishna replacing Naresh, in Kannada as Savaari (2009), and in Bengali as Dui Prithibi (2010).

Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry
Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry (born Chembolu Seetharama Sastry; 20 May 1955 – 30 November 2021) was an Indian poet and lyricist known for his works in Telugu cinema and Telugu theatre. He acquired the stage name Sirivennela after writing the lyrics for the 1986 film of same name. Sastry has garnered several awards including eleven Nandi Awards and six Filmfare Awards South for his work the most by any south Indian lyricist. He had penned lyrics for over 3,000 songs until 2020. In 2019, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian award in India, for his contributions to the field of arts and aesthetics.
Saidapet
Saidapet, also known as Saidai, is a neighbourhood in Chennai, India, situated in the northern banks of the Adyar River and serves as an entry point to Central Chennai. It is surrounded by West Mambalam in the North, C.I.T Nagar in the North-East, Nandanam in the East, Guindy in the South, Jafferkhanpet and Ashok Nagar in the North-West. The Saidapet Court, the only other court of judicature in Chennai city apart from the Madras High Court, and the Saidapet bus depot are located here. Prior to its incorporation in Madras city, Saidapet functioned as the administrative headquarters of Chingleput district. The neighbourhood is served by Saidapet railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network.

Saidapet was occupied by the British East India Company and was made the administrative headquarters of Chingleput district. The health district in Chengalpet district is split into Saidapet hud and Kanchipuram hud. Panagal building which is a part of Saidapet is a famous landmark.

Nandanam
Nandanam is a neighborhood in Chennai, India. It is located on the northern banks of Adyar River, on the other side of Kotturpuram, and is bound by Saidapet, T. Nagar and Teynampet. In addition to a number of institutions and companies, Nandanam offers a calm residential location. It is known for the Nandanam Arts College that was established in 1901 and the Nandanam Junction, commonly referred as "Nandanam signal", on the arterial Anna Salai—one of the busiest traffic junctions in Chennai.
Saint-Jean-d'Ardières
Saint-Jean-d'Ardières (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ daʁdjɛʁ], literally Saint-Jean of Ardières) is a former commune in the Rhône department in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Belleville-en-Beaujolais.

Belleville-en-Beaujolais
Belleville-en-Beaujolais (French pronunciation: [bɛlvil ɑ̃ boʒɔlɛ], literally Belleville in Beaujolais) is a commune of the Rhône department in eastern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Belleville (the seat) and Saint-Jean-d'Ardières.
Jayyusi family
Al-Jayyusi (Arabic: الجیوسي; also spelled Jayousi, Jayossi, Jayyousi, or Juyushi) is a prominent Palestinian business and political clan whose members acted as rulers, local lords, army generals and tax collectors since the 11th century. They were the traditional leaders of the Bani Sa'b subdistrict (nahiya), which included their throne villages of Kur and Kafr Sur; Jayyus the village named after the patronymic of the family founder, Fatimid Vizier and Governor of Damascus (Badr al-Din al-Jamali) who was known by his military title Amīr al-Juyūsh (Arabic: أمير الجيوش; General of the Armies) where the name 'Juyush-i' was designated to his property, lands and all decedents in Egypt and Palestine. Other Palestinian villages that were considered within the Jayyusi clan's stronghold include Qalqilya, Tayibe, Jinsafut, Kafr Zibad and Kafr Jammal.

Tulkarm
32°18′45″N 35°1′36″E﻿ / ﻿32.31250°N 35.02667°E﻿ / 32.31250; 35.02667

Tulkarm or Tulkarem (Arabic: طولكرم, Ṭūlkarm) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine and the capital of the Tulkarm Governorate. Netanya is to the west in Israel, while Nablus and Jenin are to the east. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, in 2017 Tulkarm had a population of 64,532. Tulkarm is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (Turkish: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, İBB) is the government agency in charge of the municipal affairs of the Istanbul Province. It is one of the 30 metropolitan municipalities in Turkey.

Mayor of Istanbul
The mayor of Istanbul is the head of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The mayor is elected popularly every five years. Nuri Aslan has served as interim mayor of Istanbul since 26 March 2025.

This article covers the Ottoman Empire to the modern day Republic of Turkey, during the Ottoman period and in the Republican era until c. 1930.
Keshub Chandra Sen
Keshub Chandra Sen (Bengali: কেশবচন্দ্র সেন; also spelled Keshab Chunder Sen; 19 November 1838 – 8 January 1884) was an Indian philosopher and social reformer who attempted to incorporate Christian theology within the framework of Hindu thought. Born a Hindu in the Bengal Presidency of British India, he became a member of the Brahmo Samaj in 1857 but established his own breakaway "Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj" in 1866 while the Brahmo Samaj remained under the leadership of Debendranath Tagore (who headed the Brahmo Samaj until his death in 1905). In 1878, his followers abandoned him after the underage child marriage of his daughter which exposed his campaign against child marriage as hollow.

Brahmoism
Brahmoism is a Hindu religious movement which originated from the mid-19th century Bengali Renaissance, the nascent Indian independence movement. Adherents, known as Brahmos (singular Brahmo), are mainly of Indian or Bangladeshi origin or nationality.

The Brahmo Samaj, literally the "Society of Brahma", was founded as a movement by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
Serbia–Zimbabwe relations
Serbia and Zimbabwe maintain diplomatic relations established between SFR Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe in 1980, following Zimbabwe's independence. From 1980 to 2006, Zimbabwe maintained relations with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor.

The Serbian embassy previously operated in Harare from 1980 to 2001 and re-opened in August 2022. Zimbabwe does not have an embassy in Belgrade. Zimbabwe closed its embassy in Belgrade in 2006.

Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations
Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations were historical foreign relations between now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe. Relations between Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe independence movement started before the 1980 independence and were marked by participation of both sides in activities of the Non-Aligned Movement. The formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1980.
Yenimahalle Belediyesi SK
Yenimahalle Belediyesi SK (Turkish: Yenimahalle Belediyesi Spor Kulübü) is a multi-sports club established 1986 in Ankara, Turkey and sponsored by the Municipality of Yenimahalle. The club is best known for its women's handball team.

The club has sports branches in football, basketball, handball, boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, athletics and swimming.

Yenimahalle Bld. SK (women's handball)
Yenimahalle Belediyesi SK (Turkish: Yenimahalle Belediyesi Spor Kulübü) is the women's handball team of the same named club sponsored by the Municipality of Yenimahalle in Ankara, Turkey. The team play in the Turkish Super League. Their colors are blue and white. Club chairman is Mesut Bolatcan. The team is managed by Serdar Eler.
John McKenzie (ice hockey)
John Albert McKenzie (December 12, 1937 – June 9, 2018) was a Canadian professional hockey player and coach. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 12 seasons, most notably with the Boston Bruins, with whom he won the Stanley Cup twice. He also played several seasons in the World Hockey Association (WHA).

Hartford Whalers
The Hartford Whalers were a professional ice hockey team based for most of its 25-year existence in Hartford, Connecticut. The club played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) from 1972 until 1979, and in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1997.

Originally based in Boston, they were charter members of the WHA, known as the New England Whalers for all seven seasons. After their second season, the team moved one hundred miles (160 km) southwest to Hartford in April 1974; five years later, the Whalers joined the NHL in the 1979 NHL–WHA merger and were renamed the "Hartford Whalers" because the Boston Bruins did not want to share a geographical market with the team.

After 25 years in New England, the franchise relocated to North Carolina in 1997 and became the Carolina Hurricanes.
Illuminate Adelaide
Illuminate Adelaide is an annual winter event held each July in Adelaide, South Australia. It includes free and ticketed events presented by local, national, and international artists and companies, encompassing "art, light, music, and technology".

The first event was announced by the Government of South Australia in August 2020 and was planned for July in the following year, intending to showcase various types of light shows, art installations, immersive technology, music, performance arts, and to present ideas for public debate. The Co-Founders and Creative Directors are Rachael Azzopardi and Lee Cumberlidge.

Unsound Festival
Unsound Festival, also known as Unsound, is an annual music festival that takes place in Kraków, Poland, dealing with evolving and mutating forms of music, as well as related visual arts. Apart from the main festival, Unsound regularly takes place in cities around the world such as New York, London, Adelaide, Toronto, Minsk, and Tbilisi.

The Kraków festival is run by the non-profit organisation Fundacja Tone Muzyka i Nowe Formy Sztuki (Tone Foundation for Music and New Forms of Art).