hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ralph Bass
Ralph Basso Jr. (May 1, 1911 – March 5, 1997), known as Ralph Bass, was an American rhythm-and-blues record producer and talent scout for several independent labels. He was a pioneer in bringing African American music into the American mainstream. During his career he worked in key roles for Black & White Records, Savoy Records, King Records, Federal Records, and Chess Records, recording many leading performers, including Etta James, Sam Cooke, James Brown, Earl Bostic, and groups such as the Platters and the Dominoes. Bass was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 as a nonperformer.

Savoy Records
Savoy Records is an American record company and label established by Herman Lubinsky in 1942 in Newark, New Jersey. Savoy specialized in jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel music.

In September 2017, Savoy was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music.
Lauren Woodland
Lauren Woodland (born October 28, 1977) is an American attorney and semi-retired actress. Before entering the field of law, she appeared in more than 50 commercials, guest starred in more than 20 television programs and starred as a series regular in four television series. She starred as Emily Francisco in Alien Nation from 1989 to 1990 and reprised her role in the five television film sequels from 1994 to 1997. She received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for her role as Brittany Hodges in the CBS daytime soap The Young and the Restless. She is an attorney with the  law firm Novian & Novian, LLP.

Alien Nation (TV series)
Alien Nation is a science fiction police procedural television series in the Alien Nation franchise that aired on Fox from September 18, 1989 to May 7, 1990. Adapted from the 1988 Alien Nation film, it stars Gary Graham as Detective Matthew Sikes, an officer of the Los Angeles Police Department reluctantly working with "Newcomer" alien Sam "George" Francisco, played by Eric Pierpoint. Sikes also has an on again-off again flirtation with a female Newcomer, Cathy Frankel, played by Terri Treas.

TV Guide included the series in their 2013 list of 60 shows that were "Cancelled Too Soon".
Troy Hunt
Troy Adam Hunt is an Australian web security consultant known for public education and outreach on security topics. He created and operates Have I Been Pwned?, a data breach search website that allows users to see if their personal information has been compromised. He has also authored several popular security-related courses on Pluralsight, and regularly presents keynotes and workshops on security topics. He created ASafaWeb, a tool that formerly performed automated security analysis on ASP.NET websites.

Have I Been Pwned?
Have I Been Pwned? (HIBP) is a website that allows Internet users to check whether their personal data has been compromised by data breaches. The site has been widely touted as a valuable resource for Internet users wishing to protect their own security and privacy. Have I Been Pwned? was created by security expert Troy Hunt on 4 December 2013.

As of June 2019, Have I Been Pwned? averages around 160,000 daily visitors, the site has nearly three million active email subscribers and contains records of almost eight billion accounts.
Styria
Styria (Austrian German: Steiermark [ˈʃtaɪɐmark] ⓘ; Bavarian: Steiamårk; Slovene: Štajerska; Hungarian: Stájerország [ˈʃtaːjɛrorsaːɡ]) is an Austrian state in the southeast of the country. With an area of approximately 16,399 km2 (6,332 sq mi), Styria is Austria's second largest state, after Lower Austria. It is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and clockwise, from the southwest, by the other Austrian states of Carinthia, Salzburg, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and Burgenland. The state's capital is Graz, the second largest city in Austria after Vienna.

Salzburg (state)
Salzburg (Austrian German: [ˈsaltsbʊrɡ], Northern German: [ˈzaltsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Bavarian: Soizbuag, also known as Salzburgerland; Italian: Salisburghese) is a state (Land) of Austria bordering Germany and Italy. In German, its official name is Land Salzburg, to distinguish it from its eponymous capital Salzburg.

The state of Salzburg is closely tied to the former Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg, an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed for centuries until its secularization in 1803. After the Napoleonic Wars, the territory changed hands several times, becoming part of Austria, then briefly Bavaria, before being permanently incorporated into the Austrian Empire in 1816. In the 20th century, the region became a federated state of Austria and is today known for its Alpine landscapes, cultural heritage, and the annual Salzburg Festival.
Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan area
The Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area, officially the Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, and also referred to as the Susquehanna Valley, is defined by the Office of Management and Budget as an area consisting of three counties in South Central Pennsylvania, anchored by the cities of Harrisburg and Carlisle.

As of the 2020 census, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) had a population of 591,712, making it the fourth-most-populous metropolitan area in Pennsylvania, after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, and the Lehigh Valley.

Since 2012, it has been defined as part of the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area, which also includes York, Lebanon, and Adams counties.

Perry County, Pennsylvania
Perry County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,842. The county seat is New Bloomfield. The county was created on March 22, 1820, and was named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812, who had recently died. It was originally part of Cumberland County and was created in part because residents did not want to travel over the mountain to Carlisle, the county seat of Cumberland County. Landisburg became the temporary county seat before New Bloomfield was ultimately chosen. The county is part of the South Central Pennsylvania region of the state. Perry County is included in the Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area. The county is served by the 717/223 area codes.
Rudy Pankow
Rudy Pankow (/ˈpɑːnkoʊ/; born August 12, 1997 in Ketchikan, Alaska) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as JJ Maybank on the first four seasons of the Netflix teen drama series Outer Banks (2020–2024).

Outer Banks (TV series)
Outer Banks, also known by the abbreviation OBX, is an American action-adventure mystery teen drama television series created by Josh Pate, Jonas Pate, and Shannon Burke that premiered on Netflix on April 15, 2020. The series is set in a community in the Outer Banks of North Carolina and follows the conflict between two groups of teenagers in search of a lost treasure.

In November 2024, the series was renewed for a fifth and final season which is set to premiere in 2026.
1974 World Amateur Snooker Championship
The 1974 World Amateur Snooker Championship was the sixth edition of the tournament that later became known as the IBSF World Snooker Championship. The 1974 tournament was played in Dublin from 1 to 16 December 1974. Defending champion Ray Edmonds defeated Geoff Thomas 11–9 in the final to retain the title.

Ray Edmonds
Earnest Raymond Edmonds (born 25 April 1936 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire), better known as Ray Edmonds, is a former English professional player of English billiards and snooker. He twice won the World Amateur Snooker title, and won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1985.
Marina Ogilvy
Marina Victoria Alexandra Ogilvy (born 31 July 1966) is the younger child and only daughter of Sir Angus Ogilvy and Princess Alexandra of Kent. Her mother was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, both being granddaughters of King George V. As a result, she is a second cousin of King Charles III and 62nd in the line of succession to the British throne since January 2025.

Angus Ogilvy
Sir Angus James Bruce Ogilvy (14 September 1928 – 26 December 2004) was a British businessman, courtier, and philanthropist. He is best known as the husband of Princess Alexandra of Kent. Ogilvy is also remembered for his role in a business scandal, known as the Lonrho affair, involving the breaking of sanctions against Rhodesia during the 1970s. In later years, he was involved in charity work.
Lila Neugebauer
Lila Neugebauer (/ˈlaɪlə ˈnɔɪɡəbaʊ.ər/; born 1985) is an American theatre director, writer and artistic director. After studying at Yale University she started directing numerous theatrical productions. She came to prominence directing the Broadway revival of Kenneth Lonergan's memory play The Waverly Gallery (2018) which was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Play. She has since directed the Branden Jacobs-Jenkins family drama Appropriate (2023), for which she received a Tony Award nomination, Itamar Moses political satire The Ally (2024), and the Anton Chekhov revival Uncle Vanya (2024).

She had directed multiple episodes of the Mindy Kaling created HBO Max comedy series The Sex Lives of College Girls (2021–2022) and she made her directorial film debut with the A24 drama Causeway (2022) starring Jennifer Lawrence and Brian Tyree Henry.

Causeway (film)
Causeway is a 2022 American drama film directed by Lila Neugebauer and written by Ottessa Moshfegh, Luke Goebel, and Elizabeth Sanders. The film stars Jennifer Lawrence (who also produced), Brian Tyree Henry, Linda Emond, Jayne Houdyshell, Stephen McKinley Henderson, and Russell Harvard. It follows a soldier struggling to adjust to her life after returning home to New Orleans.

Causeway had its premiere at the 47th Toronto International Film Festival on September 10, 2022. The film was released in select theaters on October 28, by A24, then had a streaming release on November 4, 2022, on Apple TV+. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Lawrence and Henry. Among other accolades, Henry was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 95th Academy Awards.
Kathleen Booth
Kathleen Hylda Valerie Booth (née Britten, 9 July 1922 – 29 September 2022) was a British computer scientist and mathematician who wrote the first assembly language and designed the assembler and autocode for the first computer systems at Birkbeck College, University of London. She helped design three different machines including the ARC (Automatic Relay Calculator), SEC (Simple Electronic Computer), and APE(X)C.

Automatic Relay Calculator
The Automatic Relay Calculator (ARC) was an early electromechanical computer developed at Birkbeck College, University of London in the mid-1940s. Designed by Andrew Donald Booth and constructed primarily by Kathleen Booth (née Britten) and research assistant Xenia Sweeting, the machine was initially conceived as a special-purpose calculator for Fourier synthesis in X-ray crystallography research. The ARC became historically significant as the platform for the first assembly language, developed by Kathleen Booth, who also co-designed the machine's programming architecture and co-authored its foundational technical documentation. The machine was built at the British Rubber Producers' Research Association facilities in Welwyn Garden City, England.
Kōnu District, Hiroshima
Kōnu (甲奴郡, kōnu-gun) was a district located in Hiroshima Prefecture.

On March 31, 2005, the town of Sōryō, along with the towns of Hiwa, Kuchiwa, Saijō, Takano and Tōjō (all from Hiba District), was merged into the expanded city of Shōbara. Therefore, Kōnu District was dissolved as a result of this merger. The previous territory of the district is now the cities of Shōbara, Fuchū, Miyoshi, and the town of Jinsekikōgen in Jinseki District.

Shōbara
Shōbara (庄原市, Shōbara-shi) is a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 32,343 in 14984 households and a population density of 26 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,246.49 square kilometres (481.27 sq mi).
1924 United States rugby union tour of England and France
The 1924 United States rugby union tour of England and France was a series of five matches played by the United States in England and France during April and May 1924. The matches in England were warm-up matches for the 1924 Olympic Games. The United States was the defending Olympic champions and successfully defended their title despite fielding a team made up mainly of sportsmen from other sports. In the intervening years, between the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games, France had played twenty-one internationals and the United States none.

Rugby union at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Rugby union at the 1920 Summer Olympics was played in Antwerp, Belgium. Two nations entered the rugby union event at the 1920 Summer Olympics — France and the United States. The French team were thought to be assured of the gold medal and came in as favourites in the event. However, the United States team surprised everyone when defeating France by eight points to nil.
Circular definition
A circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term(s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic, lexicographic and linguistic. Circular definitions are related to circular reasoning in that they both involve a self-referential approach.

Circular definitions may be unhelpful if the audience must either already know the meaning of the key term, or if the term to be defined is used in the definition itself.

In linguistics, a circular definition is a description of the meaning of a lexeme that is constructed using one or more synonymous lexemes that are all defined in terms of each other.

Definition
A definition is a semantic statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitions (which try to list the objects that a term describes). Another important category of definitions is the class of ostensive definitions, which convey the meaning of a term by pointing out examples. A term may have many different senses and multiple meanings, and thus require multiple definitions.

In mathematics, a definition is used to give a precise meaning to a new term, by describing a condition which unambiguously qualifies what the mathematical term is and is not. Definitions and axioms form the basis on which all of modern mathematics is to be constructed.
Korean Independence Corps
The Korean Independence Corps (Korean: 대한독립군단) was a militant Korean independence organization that united the Korean Independence armies until its dissolution after the Free City Incident, reorganization in Manchuria, and its final dissolution.

Northern Military Administration Office
The Northern Military Administration Office (Korean: 북로군정서) was an armed independence movement group founded in Donggandao in 1919. It originated from the Daejonggyo lineage. It was organized around Seo Il and Kim Jwa-jin in Jilin Province, Manchuria, in 1919. Based on the Junggwangdan organized by Koreans who immigrated to Bukgando, the Jeongjeongdan organized in Bukgando in 1919 was established by changing its name to Northern Military Administration Office. The  Northern Military Administration Office established an officer training center to conduct military training and train independence fighters. In 1920, when Japan deployed its troops into Manchuria, it achieved a great victory over the Japanese army in the Battle of Cheongsanri.
Putscheid
Putscheid (Luxembourgish: Pëtschent; German: Pütscheid [ˈpʏtʃaɪt]) is a commune and village in north-eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden.

As of 2025, the village of Putscheid, which lies in the centre of the commune, has a population of 119.  Other villages within the commune include Bivels, Gralingen, Merscheid, Nachtmanderscheid, Stolzembourg, and Weiler.

Bivels
Bivels (Luxembourgish: Biwels) is a small village in the commune of Putscheid in north-eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden in the district of Diekirch. As of 2025, it had 128 inhabitants.

The village is located about 3 km north of Vianden along a 7 km long artificial lake. Once a poor farming village, it now benefits from the nearby hydroelectric power plant. In the 1960s, when the dam was built, the lower part of the village was flooded. New housing and a church had to be rebuilt on higher ground overlooking the lake and the wooded hills beyond. The area is popular with tourists, especially hikers.
BitPass
BitPass was an American company that from 2002-2007 that developed an online payment system for digital content and services including micropayments. It was founded in 2002 by Kurt Huang and Gyuchang Jun. One of its best-known projects was the Mperia online music store catering to unsigned artists. The company shut down in 2007.

Kurt Huang
Kurt Huang is co-founder, president, and chief product officer of BitPass.  He has a computer science degree from Harvard and an MD from Stanford.

Named to the 2004 list of the world's 100 Top Young Innovators by MIT's Technology Review magazine.

He was born in Chicago to immigrants from Taiwan.
Wu Xiubo
Wu Xiubo (Chinese: 吴秀波; pinyin: Wú Xiùbō, born 5 September 1968) is a Chinese actor, musician and producer. He rose to prominence for his role in the television drama Before the Dawn (2009), followed by a series of hit shows such as Angel Heart (2012), Divorce Lawyers (2013), and The Advisors Alliance (2017). He is also known for romcom Finding Mr. Right (2013) and its sequel Book of Love (2016). In 2018, Wu's career was suspended by an extramarital scandal.

Wu ranked 43rd on Forbes China Celebrity 100 list in 2013, 29th in 2014, 33rd in 2015, 26th in 2017, and 26th in 2019.

Finding Mr. Right 2
Book of Love (Chinese: 北京遇上西雅图之不二情书), also titled Finding Mr. Right 2 in English, is a 2016 romance film directed and written by Xue Xiaolu and starring Tang Wei and Wu Xiubo. A Chinese-Hong Kong co-production, it was released in China by EDKO (Beijing) Distribution on April 29, 2016.

Book of Love is director-writer Xue Xiaolu's follow-up to the 2013 hit Finding Mr. Right, and it reunites her with lead actors Tang Wei and Wu Xiubo from the first movie, although the two films' plots are not related. Notably, the two leads have separate storylines throughout the movie, only communicating with each other through handwritten letters until their first meeting towards the end of the film.
1989 Tournament of the Americas
The 1989 Tournament of the Americas, later known as the FIBA Americas Championship and the FIBA AmeriCup, was a basketball championship hosted by Mexico from June 8 to June 18, 1989.  The games were played in Mexico City.  This FIBA AmeriCup was to earn the five berths allocated to the Americas for the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina.  Puerto Rico defeated the United States in the final to win the tournament.  Brazil, Venezuela, and Canada also qualified for the World Championship by finishing third through fifth, respectively.

Canada men's national basketball team
The Canada men's national basketball team (French: Équipe du Canada de basketball masculin) represents Canada in international basketball competitions since 1923. They are overseen by Canada Basketball, the governing body for basketball in Canada.

In 10 Olympic appearances, Canada has won one medal in basketball – a silver at the 1936 Games in Berlin. The team finished fourth in 1976 and 1984. Canada has won six medals at the FIBA AmeriCup – two silver medals in 1980 and 1999, as well as four bronze medals in 1984, 1988, 2001, and 2015. In recent decades, the team also won its first medals at the Pan American Games, a silver medal in 2015, and the FIBA World Cup, a bronze medal in 2023.

The Canadian senior national team won its only gold medal at a university-level tournament, the 1983 Summer Universiade, which the country hosted in Edmonton, Alberta.
Kerch
Kerch, also known as Kerich, is a city of on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of Crimea. It has a population of 147,033 (2014 Census).

Founded 2,600 years ago as the ancient Greek colony Pantikapaion, Kerch is one of the most ancient cities in Crimea. The city experienced rapid growth starting in the 1920s and was the site of a major battle during World War II.

Today, it is one of the largest cities in Crimea and is among the area's most important industrial, transport and tourist centres. As with the rest of Crimea, it has been occupied by Russian forces since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014.

Kerch Polytechnic College massacre
On 17 October 2018, a school shooting and bombing attack occurred in Kerch, Crimea. The perpetrator, 18-year-old student Vladislav Roslyakov, killed 20 people and wounded 67 others before taking his own life. It was the deadliest school shooting in Russia or Ukraine since the 2004 Beslan school siege.
Hikari Ishida
Hikari Ishida (Japanese: 石田ひかり, Hepburn: Ishida Hikari) (born May 25, 1972) is a Japanese actress. She starred along with Megumi Odaka and Natsuki Ozawa in the TV-series Hana no Asuka-gumi!. She also released several singles and six albums and she had one minor hit with the song "Emerald no Suna". Ishida also made numerous commercials for hair products and released several photobooks and videos. Ishida has had at least one song appear on the NHK program Minna no Uta. She is the younger sister of Yuriko Ishida, who is also an actress.

Yuriko Ishida
Yuriko Ishida (石田 ゆり子 (石田 百合子), Ishida Yuriko; born October 3, 1969) is a Japanese actress and essayist from Nagoya. She was the Japanese voice of the title character San from the 1997 animated film Princess Mononoke. She is the older sister of Hikari Ishida, also an actress.
Luis Porozo
Luis Enrique Porozo Mina (born June 30, 1990) is an Ecuadorian professional boxer. As an amateur he qualified in the men's featherweight division for the 2008 Summer Olympics as a seventeen-year-old.

Porozo, from Pichincha, came in second at his qualifier when he beat Roberto Navarro. He lost the meaningless final to Idel Torriente but qualified anyway. In his first Olympic fight he beat Navarro in a rematch 3:3+, jury decision.

Roberto Navarro
Roberto Navarro Gonzalez (born April 14, 1988) is a boxer from the Dominican Republic.  He competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics in the featherweight division.  He lost via tiebreaker (after a 3-3 draw) in the first round to Luis Enrique Porozo of Ecuador.
ECHO-7
ECHO-7 (trade name Rigvir) is a wild type member of the echovirus group of viruses. It was formerly approved as a virotherapy medication by the State Agency of Medicines of the Republic of Latvia (2004–19). In March 2019, the distribution in Latvia was stopped by the State Agency of Medicines, after laboratory tests found that the amount of ECHO-7 virus was in much smaller amounts than claimed. On May 31, 2019, the State Agency of Medicines suspended the registration licence of ECHO-7.

Virotherapy
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. These branches use three different types of treatment methods: gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery. Gene overexpression adds genetic sequences that compensate for low to zero levels of needed gene expression. Gene knockout uses RNA methods to silence or reduce expression of disease-causing genes. Suicide gene delivery introduces genetic sequences that induce an apoptotic response in cells, usually to kill cancerous growths. In a slightly different context, virotherapy can also refer more broadly to the use of viruses to treat certain medical conditions by killing pathogens.