hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arthur Mayer
Arthur L. Mayer (March 28, 1886 – April 14, 1981) was an American film producer and film distributor who worked with Joseph Burstyn in distributing films directed by Roberto Rossellini and other famous European film directors. Some films were distributed under the name Burstyn-Mayer Inc. Mayer was also interviewed by Warren Beatty for Beatty's film Reds (1981).

In 1949, Mayer went into business to distribute French films in the U.S. with Edward Kingsley, who later founded Kingsley-International Pictures.

Mayer was co-producer of the French documentary film La Vie Commence Demain (Life Begins Tomorrow, 1950), directed by Nicole Védrès and featuring Pablo Picasso and Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as the feature film High Hell (1958). He was married to Lillie Mayer (born July 29, 1889).

Mayer and his wife Lillie were featured in the film Arthur and Lillie which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.

Joseph Burstyn
Joseph Burstyn (born Jossel Lejba Bursztyn;  December 15, 1899 – November 29, 1953) was a Polish-American film distributor who specialized in the commercial release of foreign-language and American independent film productions.
Antiopella capensis
Antiopella capensis, originally described as Janolus capensis, the Cape silvertip nudibranch, is a beautiful species of nudibranch, or sea slug. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Janolidae.

Apart from striking differences in the egg ribbons, individuals of this species are externally not distinguishable from Antiopella longidentata.

Antiopella longidentata
Antiopella longidentata (Gosliner, 1981), previously named Janolus longidentatus, the medallion silvertip nudibranch, is a species of nudibranch, or sea slug. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Janolidae.

Apart from striking differences in the egg ribbons, individuals of this species are externally not distinguishable from Antiopella capensis.
Dick Saslaw
Richard Lawrence Saslaw (born February 5, 1940) is an American politician who served as Majority Leader of the Senate of Virginia between 2020 – 2024, when he declined to run for reelection. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1976–80, then was elected to the Senate of Virginia. He represented the 35th district, made up of the city of Falls Church and portions of Fairfax County and the city of Alexandria.

Saslaw was the leader of the Virginia Senate Democrats from 1998 to 2024. He served as Senate Majority Leader from 2020 to 2024, having previously served from 2008 to 2012 and January to June 2014. He served as Senate Minority Leader from 1998 to 2008, 2012 to January 2014, and June 2014 to 2020. He ran for Congress in Virginia's 8th congressional district in 1984. He was defeated by then-Congressman Stanford Parris.

Stanford Parris
Stanford Elmer Parris (September 9, 1929 – March 27, 2010) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He represented Virginia's 8th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1991. He served in the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, Virginia House of Delegates, and also as Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth. He served in the United States Air Force during the Korean War, earning several medals.
Joseph Weber Award for Astronomical Instrumentation
The Joseph Weber Award for Astronomical Instrumentation is awarded by the American Astronomical Society to an individual for the design, invention or significant improvement of instrumentation leading to advances in astronomy.  It is named after physicist Joseph Weber.  The awards tend to be for a career of instrument development rather than a single specific device; the lists of inventions below are taken from press releases from the recipients' institutions.

American Astronomical Society
The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the advancement of astronomy and closely related branches of science, while the secondary purpose includes enhancing astronomy education and providing a political voice for its members through lobbying and grassroots activities. Its current mission is to enhance and share humanity's scientific understanding of the universe as a diverse and inclusive astronomical community.
Agnostrup
Agnostrup is a genus of soil centipedes in the family Mecistocephalidae. This genus contains at least three species. These centipedes are found in temperate regions of East Asia and the Russian Far East. Each species in this genus features 41 pairs of legs.

Mecistocephalidae
Mecistocephalidae is a monophyletic family of centipedes in the order Geophilomorpha. This family is the only family in the monotypic suborder Placodesmata. Most species in this family live in tropical or subtropical regions, but some occur in temperate regions. This family is the third most diverse in the order Geophiliomorpha (after Geophilidae and Schendylidae), with about 170 species, including about 130 species in the genus Mecistocephalus.
Euphrasia vigursii
Euphrasia vigursii, also known by its common names of Vigur's eyebright or Cornish eyebright, is an endangered annual of the eyebright family which is endemic to Devon and Cornwall. It is a facultative hemiparasite and needs open conditions and regular grazing of larger shrubs and grasses to grow. It is named after C. C. Vigurs, a Cornish doctor and botanist.

Euphrasia
Euphrasia, or eyebright, is a genus of about 215 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are hemiparasitic on grasses and other plants. Both the common and generic names refer to the plant's use in a lotion for treating eye infections, with Euphrasia literally meaning 'good-cheer'.

Many species are found in alpine or sub-alpine meadows where snow is common. Flowers usually are borne terminally, are zygomorphic, and have a lower petal shaped like a lip. The most common flower colours are purple, blue-white, and violet. Some species have yellow markings on the lower petal to act as a guide to pollinating insects.

Alternative names, mainly in herbalism, are Augentrostkraut, Euphrasiae herba, Herba Euphrasiae and Herbe d'Euphraise.
Sten Sture the Elder
Sten Sture the Elder (Swedish: Sten Sture den äldre; 1440 – 14 December 1503) was a Swedish statesman and regent of Sweden from 1470 to 1497 and again from 1501 to 1503. As the leader of the victorious Swedish separatist forces against the royal unionist forces led by Danish king Christian I during the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471, he weakened the Kalmar Union considerably and became the effective ruler of Sweden as Lord Regent for most of his remaining life.

Hans, King of Denmark
Hans, or sometimes called John (né Johannes; 2 February 1455 – 20 February 1513) was a Scandinavian monarch who ruled under the Kalmar Union. He was King of Denmark from 1482 to 1513, King of Norway from 1483 to 1513, and King of Sweden (where he has also been called Johan II) from 1497 to 1501. Additionally, from 1482 to 1513, he held the titles of Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, which he governed jointly with his brother, Frederick.

The three most important political goals of King Hans were the restoration of the Kalmar Union, reduction of the dominance of the Hanseatic League, and the building of a strong Danish royal power.
Don Johnson (bowler)
Don Johnson (May 19, 1940 – May 3, 2003) was born in Kokomo, Indiana, but spent most of his adult life in Akron, Ohio and Las Vegas, Nevada.

He was an American ten-pin bowler who spent many years on the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) tour. He won 26 PBA titles (tenth most all-time), including two major championships, and is a member of the PBA and USBC Halls of Fame.

PBA Tournament of Champions
The PBA Tournament of Champions is one of the five major PBA (Professional Bowlers Association) bowling events. It is an invitational event and the only PBA Tour major that does not have any open field. All participants must meet qualifications to be invited.
Dialect
A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular, unwritten, or non-standardized varieties, such as those used in developing countries or isolated areas. The dialects of the same language are mainly distinguished from each other by differences in linguistic features such as phonology, morphology, syntax and vocabulary.

The non-standard dialects of a language with a writing system will operate at different degrees of distance from the standardized written form. An oral dialect or idiolect may be portrayed in written form with eye dialect.

Sicilian language
Sicilian (sicilianu, pronounced [sɪʃɪˈljaːnʊ, sɪdʒɪˈljaːnʊ]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands.
It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (Italian: italiano meridionale estremo).

Ethnologue (see below for more detail) describes Sicilian as being "distinct enough from Standard Italian to be considered a separate language", and it is recognized as a minority language by UNESCO. It has been referred to as a language by the Sicilian Region. It has the oldest literary tradition of the Italo-Romance languages. A version of the UNESCO Courier is also available in Sicilian.
Cunningham Highway
The Cunningham Highway is a 327-kilometre (203 mi) national highway located in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. The highway links the Darling Downs region with the urbanised outskirts of Ipswich via Cunninghams Gap.

The Cunningham carries the National Highway 15 shield between Ipswich and north of Warwick at its junction with the New England Highway at Glengallan where both the Cunningham and the New England head south concurrently to Warwick. Thereafter, the Cunningham carries the National Route 42 shield to its south-western terminus with the Leichhardt Highway at Goondiwindi. The majority of the Cunningham Highway is a single carriageway with freeway standard and 6-lane arterial road standard towards its north-eastern terminus, near Ipswich.

New England Highway
New England Highway is an 883-kilometre (549 mi) long highway in Australia running from Yarraman, north of Toowoomba, Queensland, at its northern end to Hexham at Newcastle, New South Wales, at its southern end. It is part of Australia's National Highway system, and forms part of the inland route between Brisbane and Sydney.
Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film
The Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Feature is one of the annual film awards by the Chicago Film Critics Association since 2007. Toy Story is the only franchise with multiple wins, winning two times for Toy Story 3 (2010) and Toy Story 4 (2019).

Chicago Film Critics Association
The Chicago Film Critics Association (CFCA) is an association of professional film critics, who work in print, broadcast and online media, based in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The organization was founded in 1990 by film critics Sharon LeMaire and Sue Kiner, following the success of the first Chicago Film Critics Awards given out in 1988. The association comprises 60 members.

Since 1989, the CFCA has given out annual awards that recognize the best films in a variety of categories. These awards are noted in the established print media such as Variety and The Hollywood Reporter. The association has also hosted the annual Chicago Critics Film Festival since 2013, which intends to bring a number of feature and short films to a larger audience.
Beryozovaya Roshcha (Novosibirsk Metro)
Beryozovaya Roshcha (Russian: Берёзовая роща, "Birch Grove") is a station on the Dzerzhinskaya Line of the Novosibirsk Metro. It opened on June 25, 2005, becoming 12th station in the system. Beryozovaya Roshcha is located in Dzerzhinsky District under crossroad of Koshurnikov Street and Dzerzhinsky Prospekt.

Dzerzhinsky District, Novosibirsk
Dzerzhinsky City District (Russian: Дзержинский район) is an administrative district (raion), one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. The area of the district is 36,51 km2 (14.10 sq mi). Population: 174,360 (2018 Census).
Camp Happy (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Camp Happy was a summer camp designed to provide healthy nutrition and fresh air for the underprivileged children of Philadelphia. It was located on a large tract of land near the Delaware River, in Torresdale, Northeast Philadelphia.

Torresdale, Philadelphia
Philadelphia portal

Torresdale, also formerly known as Torrisdale, is a neighborhood in the Far Northeast section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Torresdale is located along the Delaware River between Holmesburg and Bensalem Township in neighboring Bucks County.

The adjacent confluence of the Poquessing Creek with the Delaware River had been favored by William Penn's surveyor, Thomas Holme, as the site for the city that Penn planned to found. Although a more southerly site was finally selected, Holme and others acquired property there, where he is buried.
Royal Naval Hospital
A Royal Naval Hospital (RNH) was a hospital operated by the British Royal Navy for the care and treatment of sick and injured naval personnel. A network of these establishments were situated across the globe to suit British interests. They were part of the Royal Naval Medical Service. The British Army equivalent was a Military Hospital, and in the 20th century a number of RAF Hospitals were also established.

The list below includes significant Royal Naval Hospitals established in the 18th-20th centuries; in addition numerous smaller facilities (often classed as Sick Quarters) were set up, where and when needed (especially in times of war).

In 1996 the UK's last remaining Royal Naval Hospital was redesignated as a Joint Services establishment; it finally closed just over a decade later. No Royal Naval Hospitals survive in operation, although some have become civilian hospitals.

Royal Marine Barracks, Chatham
The Royal Marine Barracks, Chatham  was a military installation occupied by the Royal Marines and located at the Gun Wharf at Chatham in Kent. The barracks were situated immediately to the south of the Dockyard, just above the Ordnance Wharf. The barracks were closed in 1950 and demolished in 1960.
Woodshop (workspace)
Woodshops are a woodworking workshop space dedicated to the processing, shaping, and assembly of wood into finished products or components. Woodshops can be found in schools, makerspaces, fab labs, flex spaces, homes, garages, community centers, and professional manufacturing environments. They typically include a combination of hand tools, power tools, and stationary machinery for cutting, shaping, joining, and finishing wood.

Workshop
Beginning with the Industrial Revolution era, a workshop may be a room, rooms or building which provides both the area and tools (or machinery) that may be required for the manufacture or repair of manufactured goods. Workshops were the only places of production until the advent of industrialization and the development of larger factories. In the 20th and 21st century, many Western homes contained a workshop in either the garage, basement, or an external shed. Home workshops typically contain a workbench, hand tools, power tools, and other hardware. Along with the practical application of repairing goods, workshops are often used to tinker and make prototypes.

Some workshops focus exclusively on automotive repair or restoration although there are a variety of workshops in existence today.  Woodworking, metalworking, electronics, and other types of electronic prototyping workshops are among the most common.
Ann Powers
Ann K. Powers (born February 4, 1964) is an American writer and popular music critic. She is a music critic for NPR and a contributor at the Los Angeles Times, where she was previously chief pop critic. She has also written for other publications, such as The New York Times, Blender and The Village Voice. Powers is the author of Weird Like Us: My Bohemian America, a memoir; Good Booty: Love and Sex, Black & White, Body and Soul in American Music, on eroticism in American pop music; and Piece by Piece, co-authored with Tori Amos.

Eric Weisbard
Eric Weisbard is an American music critic known for founding the Pop Conference, which for many years was hosted annually by the Museum of Pop Culture (formerly known as the EMP Museum), and which continues as of 2025 with other sponsors. He also organized the conference for many years.
Pomoravlje-Timok Zone League
Pomoravlje-Timok Zone League (Serbian: Поморавско-тимочка зона / Pomoravsko-timočka zona) was one of the Serbian Zone League divisions, the fourth tier of the Serbian football league system. It was run by the Football Association of East Serbia.

Founded in 2007, the league was folded in 2014, together with the Niš Zone League. Three new sections were established instead, namely Zone League East, Zone League South and Zone League West.

Serbian Zone League
Serbian Zone League (Serbian: Зонска лига Србије / Zonska liga Srbije) is the fourth tier of football in the Serbian football league system, consisting of 12 divisions as of the 2019–20 season. The divisions are run by the four regional associations, namely Football Association of Western Serbia (four), Football Association of Eastern Serbia (four), Football Association of Vojvodina (three), and Football Association of Belgrade (one). The winner of each division gets promoted to one of the four Serbian League divisions (Belgrade, Vojvodina, East, and West).
Capetus Silvius
Capetus or Capetus Silvius (said to have reigned 934–921 BC)(Latin: Căpĕtŭs Sĭluĭŭs) was a descendant of Aeneas and one of the legendary Latin kings of Alba Longa. He was the son of Capys, and the father of Tiberinus, after whom the Tiber river was named.

Kings of Alba Longa
The kings of Alba Longa, or Alban kings (Latin: reges Albani), were a series of legendary kings of Latium, who ruled from the ancient city of Alba Longa. In the mythic tradition of ancient Rome, they fill the 400-year gap between the settlement of Aeneas in Italy and the founding of the city of Rome by Romulus. It was this line of descent to which the Julii claimed kinship.  The traditional line of the Alban kings ends with Numitor, the grandfather of Romulus and Remus.  One later king, Gaius Cluilius, is mentioned by Roman historians, although his relation to the original line, if any, is unknown; and after his death, a few generations after the time of Romulus, the city was destroyed by Tullus Hostilius, the third King of Rome, and its population transferred to Alba's daughter city.
Yates Report
The Yates Report, officially titled Report of the Independent Investigation to the U.S. Soccer Federation Concerning Allegations of Abusive Behavior and Sexual Misconduct in Women's Professional Soccer, is the official report documenting the findings and conclusions concerning abusive behavior and sexual misconduct in women's professional soccer, with a focus on the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). The 173-page report (319 pages including footnotes and appendices) was publicly released by the United States Soccer Federation (USSF) on October 3, 2022. It is named for Sally Yates, the King & Spalding partner who led the investigation who had previously served as acting United States Attorney General.

United States Soccer Federation
The United States Soccer Federation (USSF), commonly referred to as U.S. Soccer, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and the official governing body of soccer in the United States. It is a full member of FIFA and governs American soccer at the international, professional, and amateur levels, including: the men's and women's national teams, Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), youth organizations, as well as the beach soccer, futsal, Paralympic, and deaf national teams. U.S. Soccer sanctions referees and soccer tournaments for most soccer leagues in the United States. It also administers and operates the U.S. Open Cup and SheBelieves Cup. U.S. Soccer is headquartered in Chicago.
Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse
Henry II of Hesse (German: Heinrich; c. 1299 – 3 June 1376), called "the Iron", was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328–1376.

Henry was the son of Otto I, Landgrave of Hesse and Adelheid of Ravensburg. With his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen, he had five children:

Otto the Younger (1322c-1366)

Adelheid (1323/24-1370) later wife of Casimir III of Poland

Elisabeth [1329c-1390] later wife of Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen

Jutta/Judith; died in infancy

Margarethe, a nun in Haidau monastery

When Henry's son Otto died in 1366, his nephew Hermann was named co-regent. This caused fighting to break out with Otto of Brunswick.  To defray the costs of the conflict with Brunswick, Henry levied a tax on all imported goods.

Otto the Younger
Otto II of Hesse, also known as Otto the Younger (before 1322 - December 1366, Spangenberg Castle), was the only son of Landgrave Henry II of Hesse and his wife Elisabeth of Thuringia, daughter of Margrave Frederick of Meissen.
St John the Evangelist's Church, Carlton in Lindrick
St John the Evangelist's Church is a Grade I listed parish church in the Church of England in Carlton in Lindrick, Nottinghamshire.

Situated in Carlton's section of South Carlton, it mustn't be confused with St John the Baptist's Church  (see WM Commons) in South Carlton, Lincolnshire

Carlton in Lindrick
Carlton in Lindrick is a village and civil parish about 3 miles (5 km) north of Worksop in Nottinghamshire, England. The village comprises three community areas; North Carlton to the centre, South Carlton and Costhorpe to the far north. Separated to the south but within the parish is Wigthorpe, a hamlet. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 5,623, including nearby Wallingwells. The 2021 Census reported alone on Carlton in Lindrick parish, with 5,635 residents.
Desert farming
Desert farming is the practice of developing agriculture in deserts.  As agriculture depends upon irrigation and water supply, farming in arid regions where water is scarce is a challenge.  However, desert farming has been practiced by humans for thousands of years.  In the Negev, there is evidence to suggest agriculture as far back as 5000 BC.  Today, the Imperial Valley in southern California, Australia, Saudi Arabia, and Israel are examples of modern desert agriculture.  Water efficiency has been important to the growth of desert agriculture.  Water reuse, desalination, and drip irrigation are all modern ways that regions and countries have expanded their agriculture despite being in an arid climate.

Agriculture in Israel
Agriculture in Israel is a highly developed industry. Israel is an exporter of fresh produce and a leader in agricultural technologies. The southern half of Israel is desert and irrigation is required for growing crops. The northern half is more conducive to rain-fed agriculture. According to the World Bank, 29.7 percent of Israel is agricultural land. The shortage of water is a constraint. In 2008, agriculture represented 2.5% of total GDP and 3.6% of exports. Israel is not self-sufficient in growing food. In 2021, Israel's agricultural imports totaled 8,791 million and agricultural exports totaled 2,445 million dollars.  Grains, oilseeds, meat, coffee, cocoa, and sugar were among the imports.

Israel is home to two unique types of agricultural communities, the kibbutz and moshav, which developed as Jews immigrated to the land that became the State of Israel, and embarked on rural settlement. As of 2016, kibbutzim provided Israel with about 40% of its agricultural produce.