hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phacelia marcescens
Phacelia marcescens is a species of phacelia known by the common name persistentflower phacelia. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada and its foothills in California, where it grows in meadows, forests, and other mountain habitat.

Phacelia
Phacelia (phacelia, scorpionweed, heliotrope) is a genus of about 200 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the family Hydrophyllaceae, native to North and South America. California is particularly rich in species with over 90 recorded in the region.

The genus includes both annual and perennial species. Many have been cultivated as garden and honey plants.

The mining bee Andrena phaceliae is a specialist pollinator of this genus in the Eastern United States.
Al-Batuf Regional Council
Al-Batuf Regional Council (Arabic: البطوف, Hebrew: מועצה אזורית אל-בטוף, Mo'atza Azorit al-Batuf) is a regional council located on the southern fringe of the Beit Netofa Valley North of Nazareth within the Northern District of Israel. It was formerly part Nof HaGalil regional council until 2000 and consists of the following four rural Arab villages.

Hamaam

Rumana

Rumat al-Heib

Uzeir

The regional council is named after the al-Baṭūf Plain (the Arabic name of Beit Netofa Valley), on which it is located. According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Batuf had a population of 6,700 in 2010.

Uzeir
Uzeir (Arabic: عزير; Hebrew: עֻזֵיר) is an Arab village in northern Israel. Located near Nazareth Illit in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Batuf Regional Council. In 2022 it had a population of 3,511.
Brugmann Mountains
The Brugmann Mountains (64°2′S 61°55′W﻿ / ﻿64.033°S 61.917°W﻿ / -64.033; -61.917), rising to 805 metres (2,600 ft), are steep and rugged on the east slopes but are icecapped and descend gently toward the west, extending in a northeast–southwest arc along the east side of Liège Island, in the Palmer Archipelago. Their principal peaks are Mount Vesalius, Pavlov Peak (summit of the feature), Mishev Bluff, Mount Kozyak, Vazharov Peak, and Balkanov Peak.

The mountains were discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99, and named by him for Georges Brugmann, a patron of the expedition.

Mount Kozyak
Mount Kozyak (Bulgarian: връх Козяк, romanized: vrah Kozyak, IPA: [ˈvrɤx ˈkɔzʲɐk]) is the ice-covered peak rising to 709 m in Brugmann Mountains on Liège Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.  It surmounts Coria Cove to the northeast, Beripara Cove to the south and Sigmen Glacier to the northwest.

The feature is named after the settlement of Kozyak in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Chianciano Terme
Chianciano Terme is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) southeast of Florence and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Siena. It is located between the Valdichiana and the Val d'Orcia.

Chianciano Terme borders the following municipalities: Chiusi, Montepulciano, Pienza, Sarteano.

Sarteano
Sarteano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of Florence and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Siena.

Sarteano is particularly important from the historical point of view. Located between Val d'Orcia and Valdichiana, the area of Sarteano has been inhabited for thousands of years. For this reason, Sarteano has a very rich archeology. In particular, some of the most important Etruscan tombs of Tuscany are located in the countryside around Sarteano. A large portion of the archeological objects found in the area form the collection of the Museo civico archeologico di Sarteano.

Sarteano borders the following municipalities: Cetona, Chianciano Terme, Chiusi, Pienza, Radicofani, and San Casciano dei Bagni.
Chris Jones (mountain climber)
Chris Jones (November 24, 1939 – September 17, 2024) was a British–American rock climber, photographer, climbing historian, author, and alpinist. He is known for establishing difficult and influential alpine style climbing routes from 1965–1980 in the Andes and the Canadian Rockies. He was the author of Climbing in North America, one of the earliest books on the history of climbing in North America from the 1800s to the 1970s. He was a co-author and contributed photos to the book, Climbing Fitz Roy, 1968 Reflections on the Lost Photos of the Third Ascent which documented a 1968  expedition to Patagonia by Jones, Chouinard, Tompkins, and Dorworth. The photos included in  the book were thought to have been  lost in a 1996 wildfire that destroyed Jones's California home but copies were later found by Dorworth.

Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
  It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.
Scotch woodcock
Scotch woodcock is a British savoury dish consisting of creamy, lightly-scrambled eggs served on toast that has been spread with anchovy paste or Gentleman's Relish, and sometimes topped with chopped herbs and black pepper.

Scotch woodcock was served in the refreshment rooms of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom till late 1949.  It was also served historically at the colleges of the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford, and it continues to be served at the Oxford and Cambridge Club as an alternative to sweet desserts or a cheeseboard.

It was a well-known dish in the Victorian era, and is mentioned in Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management.

The name is modelled on Welsh rabbit. Similar to Welsh rabbit, which contains no rabbit meat, the dish has no woodcock, a type of bird, in its ingredients at all.

Welsh rarebit
Welsh rarebit, also spelled Welsh rabbit, is a dish of hot cheese sauce, often including ale, mustard, or Worcestershire sauce, served on toasted bread. The origins of the name are unknown, though the earliest recorded use is 1725 as "Welsh rabbit", a jocular name as the dish contains no rabbit; the earliest documented use of "Welsh rarebit" is in 1781.

Though there is no strong evidence that the dish originated in Welsh cuisine, it is sometimes identified with the Welsh dish caws pobi, documented in the 1500s.
Givens rotation
In numerical linear algebra, a Givens rotation is a rotation in the plane spanned by two coordinates axes. Givens rotations are named after Wallace Givens, who introduced them to numerical analysts in the 1950s while he was working at Argonne National Laboratory.

QR decomposition
In linear algebra, a QR decomposition, also known as a QR factorization or QU factorization, is a decomposition of a matrix A into a product A = QR of an orthonormal matrix Q and an upper triangular matrix R. QR decomposition is often used to solve the linear least squares (LLS) problem and is the basis for a particular eigenvalue algorithm, the QR algorithm.
Price Hill, Cincinnati
Price Hill is a region of Cincinnati, Ohio consisting of three neighborhoods: East Price Hill, West Price Hill, and Lower Price Hill. The region is located in the western part of the city, neighbored by Sedamsville and Riverside to the south, Westwood and South Fairmount to the north, and Queensgate to the west. Originally one of the oldest suburbs of Cincinnati, the region is predominately Catholic, having been an ethnic enclave for both Irish and German Catholics. Price Hill's neighborhoods are residential communities, having a combined population of 36,271 at the 2020 census.

Mt. Echo Park
Mt. Echo Park is an 84-acre (34 ha) urban park in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Located on a hilltop, the park offers scenic overlooks of Downtown Cincinnati, the Ohio River, and Northern Kentucky.

Mt. Echo Park opened in 1908 on land that was previously a dairy farm. An Italian Renaissance-style pavilion was added in 1928. Amenities include hiking trails and a playground.
Provident Life & Trust Company
The Provident Life & Trust Company was a Victorian-era building in Philadelphia designed by architect Frank Furness and considered to be one of the famed architect's greatest works. A bank and insurance company founded in 1865 by members of the Society of Friends (Quakers), the Provident's L-shaped building had entrances at 407–09 Chestnut Street, which served as the entrance to the bank, and at 42 South 4th Street, which was the entrance to the insurance company. The two wings were eventually consolidated into an office building, also designed by Furness, at the northwest corner of 4th and Chestnut Streets. After an unsuccessful conservation campaign the building was demolished in the winter of 1959–60.

Frank Furness
Frank Heyling Furness (November 12, 1839 – June 27, 1912) was an American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the Philadelphia area, and is remembered for his diverse, muscular, often inordinately scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago-based architect Louis Sullivan. Furness also received a Medal of Honor for bravery during the Civil War. He worked with custom furniture maker Daniel Pabst.

The son of abolitionist William Henry Furness, Shakespearean scholar Horace Howard Furness was his brother. Toward the end of his life, his bold style fell out of fashion, and many of his significant works were demolished in the 20th century. Among his most important surviving buildings are the University of Pennsylvania Library, now the Fisher Fine Arts Library, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, all in Philadelphia, and the Baldwin School Residence Hall in Bryn Mawr.
Yankee 300
The Yankee 300 was a stock car race held at the Indianapolis Raceway Park road course and sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC). It was run most years during the first weekend of May, serving as an unofficial kickoff to the Month of May in Indianapolis. One of the premier races on the USAC Stock Car series calendar, the event was held in high prestige for a period of time, and was occasionally contested by drivers from the rival National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) circuit. The inaugural event was run in 1963.

AAA and USAC Stock Car
The USAC Stock Car division was the stock car racing class sanctioned by the United States Auto Club (USAC). The division raced nationally; drivers from USAC's open wheel classes like Indy cars, Silver Crown, sprints, and midgets frequently competed in races and won championships. Several NASCAR drivers raced in USAC Stock Cars at various points in their careers.

In the late 1950s, USAC Stock Cars rivaled NASCAR stock cars with races throughout the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. NASCAR owners Holman-Moody found racing in USAC Stock Cars to be appealing because of USAC's ties to the Indianapolis 500.
Dependency network (graphical model)
Dependency networks (DNs) are graphical models, similar to Markov networks, wherein each vertex (node) corresponds to a random variable and each edge captures dependencies among variables.  
Unlike Bayesian networks, DNs may contain cycles.   
Each node is associated to a conditional probability table, which determines the realization of the random variable given its parents.

Graphical model
A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. Graphical models are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.
José Luis Sáenz de Heredia
José Luis Sáenz de Heredia (10 April 1911 – 4 November 1992) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter whose career spanned four decades. He is regarded as one of the central figures of 20th‑century Spanish cinema, noted both for his contributions to Francoist propaganda films and for his influential comedies of the 1940s and 1950s.

The Eyes Leave a Trace
The Eyes Leave a Trace (Spanish: Los ojos dejan huellas) is a 1952 Spanish-Italian thriller film directed by José Luis Sáenz de Heredia. It stars Italian actor Raf Vallone and his wife Elena Varzi. It was co-produced in Italy, where it is known as Uomini senza pace ("Men without peace").

It was shot at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome and on location in Madrid. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ramiro Gómez.
Jesse Leach
Jesse David Leach (born July 3, 1978) is an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist of the metalcore band Killswitch Engage. He is also a vocalist for Times of Grace and The Weapon. Leach co-founded Killswitch Engage in 1999, but left the band in 2002; in February 2012, he rejoined the group following the departure of vocalist Howard Jones. He currently resides in the Catskill Mountains in New York.

Killswitch Engage (2000 album)
Killswitch Engage is the debut studio album by the American metalcore band Killswitch Engage, released July 4, 2000, through Ferret Music. It was the only album by the band released through Ferret as they would later sign with Roadrunner Records. The band's debut is considered to be one of the first ever successful albums in the metalcore genre, garnering a re-release five years after its original pressing. No songs in the album were released as singles.

In 2020, it was named one of the 20 best metal albums of 2000 by Metal Hammer magazine.
Alice Glass
Margaret Osborn (born 25 August 1988), known professionally as Alice Glass, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is the co-founder and former frontwoman of the electronic band Crystal Castles. In 2014, she embarked on a solo career. She released her eponymous debut EP in 2017. Her solo debut album, Prey//IV, was released in February 2022.

Ethan Kath
Claudio Paolo Palmieri (born December 25, 1977), known professionally as Ethan Kath, is a Canadian musician. He was the co-founder and songwriter/producer for Crystal Castles and bassist of Kïll Cheerleadër and Die Mannequin.
English historical school of economics
The English historical school of economics sought a return of inductive methods in economics, following the triumph of the deductive approach of David Ricardo in the early 19th century. The school considered itself the intellectual heirs of past figures who had emphasised empiricism and induction, such as Francis Bacon and Adam Smith. Included in this school are William Whewell, Richard Jones, Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Walter Bagehot, Thorold Rogers, Arnold Toynbee, William Cunningham, and William Ashley.

Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)
Arnold Toynbee (/ˈtɔɪnbi/; 23 August 1852 – 9 March 1883) was an English economic historian also noted for his social commitment and desire to improve the living conditions of the working classes. Toynbee Hall in London was named in his honour.
Grays Ferry Bridge
Grays Ferry Bridge (previously spelled as Gray's Ferry Bridge) has been the formal or informal name of several floating bridges and four permanent ones that have carried highway and rail traffic over the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia. The bridge today is a four-lane divided highway bridge, built in 1976, that carries Grays Ferry Avenue from the Grays Ferry neighborhood on the east bank, over the river and the Northeast Corridor railroad tracks, to the Southwest Philadelphia neighborhood of Kingsessing.

In 1902, rail traffic was shifted to the adjacent Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Bridge No. 1, which was demolished in 2018. Its pilings support an under-construction bridge for use by cyclists and pedestrians traveling the Schuylkill River Trail.

Kingsessing, Philadelphia
Kingsessing is a neighborhood in the Southwest section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. On the west side of the Schuylkill River, it is next to the neighborhoods of Cedar Park and Elmwood Park, as well as the borough of Yeadon in Delaware County. It is roughly bounded by the SEPTA Regional Rail Media/Wawa Line to the northeast, Baltimore Avenue to the northwest, Cobbs Creek and 60th Street to the southwest, and Woodland Avenue to the southeast.
Clinatec
Clinatec is a biomedical research center based at the Polygone Scientifique in Grenoble. Doctors, biologists and micro- and nanotechnology experts work side by side at the 6,000 m2 facility. Around a hundred researchers and employees work at the center. When it opened at the end of 2011, it was hailed as the first center of its kind in the world. With six hospital rooms, cutting-edge medical imaging equipment and an operating suite, Clinatec was developed by the Research Division of the CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission), Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHU), Inserm and the Université Grenoble Alpes. The primary focus is on cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and disability.

Polygone Scientifique
The Polygone Scientifique (en: Scientific Polygon), nowadays known as Presqu'Île (peninsula) is a neighborhood of the city of Grenoble in France. It includes a significant number of research centers in a peninsula between Isère and Drac.
Ranenburgsky Uyezd
Ranenburgsky Uyezd (Раненбургский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Ryazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Ranenburg (Chaplygin).

Ryazan Governorate
Ryazan Governorate (Russian: Рязанская губерния, romanized: Ryazanskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1929. Its capital was in Ryazan.
Ferguslie Peninsula
Ferguslie Peninsula is a peninsula 2.4 km (1.5 mi) long, lying between Browns Bay and Macdougal Bay on the north coast of Laurie Island, in the South Orkney Islands of Antarctica. The peninsula was charted in 1903 by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition under William Speirs Bruce, who named it for Ferguslie, the residence of James Coats, chief patron of the expedition.

Cape Geddes forms the tip of the peninsula. It was named by Bruce for Professor Patrick Geddes, a noted Scottish biologist and sociologist.

A series of peaks called the Ross Peaks rise between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay.

Ross Peaks
Ross Peaks (60°43′S 44°32′W﻿ / ﻿60.717°S 44.533°W﻿ / -60.717; -44.533) is a series of elevations rising to about 450 m and trending NW-SE between Ferguslie Peninsula and Fitchie Bay in Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1987 after Alastair Ross, taxidermist on the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902–04, led by W.S. Bruce.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Ross Peaks". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
International Cosmos Prize
The International Cosmos Prize was established in 1993, commemorating Expo '90 in Osaka, Japan. The objective of the prize was to develop the basic concept of Expo '90, "The Harmonious Coexistence between Nature and Humankind" and is awarded by the Commemorative Foundation for the International Garden and Greenery Exposition, Osaka, Japan, 1990 (Expo '90 Foundation).

The prize, which may be awarded to an individual or team, consists of a commendation, a medallion and a monetary reward, currently 40 million yen. It is awarded during a ceremony held in each autumn, at which the individual or team.

The name of the prize, "Cosmos," refers to the Cosmos flower that bloomed during the Expo and the ancient Greek word kosmos meaning "universe in harmony."

Expo '90
Expo '90 (国際花と緑の博覧会, Kokusai Hana to Midori no Hakurankai) or The International Garden and Greenery Exposition, organized as a part of the International Expositions Convention, was the first large-scale international gardening exposition in Asia and focused on the theme of the "Harmonious Coexistence of Nature and Mankind." The exposition was held in Tsurumi Ryokuchi, Osaka for 183 days, from Sunday, April 1 to Sunday, September 30, 1990. The convention included participation from 83 countries and 55 international organizations and attracted over 23,126,934 visitors.

One of its main activities was to establish the annual International Cosmos Prize.

This was an international horticultural exposition recognized by both the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) and the International Association of Horticultural Producers.
Acharnes railway station
Acharnes railway station (Greek: Σιδηροδρομικός σταθμός Αχαρνών, romanized: Sidirodromikós stathmós Acharnón)  is a station on the Piraeus–Platy railway line in the northern part of the Athens urban area, in the municipality of Acharnes, Greece. It was inaugurated on 8 March 1904. It is owned by OSE, however, services are provided by Hellenic Train through the Athens Suburban Railway from Athens to Chalcis. Acharnes station was originally known as Menidi, the vernacular name of Acharnes.

Acharnes
Acharnes, also known as Menidi, is a municipality in the East Attica regional unit in Greece. With 108,169 inhabitants (2021 census), it is the ninth most populous municipality in Greece. It lies just north of the Athens urban area.
Alan Bersten
Alan Bersten (born May 26, 1994) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer. He was a contestant in 2013 on the tenth season of So You Think You Can Dance and is currently a professional dancer and choreographer on Dancing with the Stars. He was the winner in 2019 of season 28 of Dancing with the Stars with his celebrity partner, The Bachelorette star Hannah Brown.

Rashad Jennings
Rashad Andre Jennings (born March 26, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers and the Liberty Flames and was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the seventh round of the 2009 NFL draft. Jennings also played for the Oakland Raiders and the New York Giants.
Transcontinental railroad
A transcontinental railroad or transcontinental railway is contiguous railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass and has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks may be via the tracks of a single railroad, or via several railroads owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route. Although Europe is crisscrossed by railways, the railroads within Europe are usually not considered transcontinental, with the possible exception of the historic Orient Express.
Transcontinental railroads helped open up interior regions of continents not previously colonized to exploration and settlement that would not otherwise have been feasible. In many cases, they also formed the backbones of cross-country passenger and freight transportation networks. Many of them continue to have an important role in freight transportation, and some such as the Trans-Siberian Railway even have passenger trains going from one end to the other.

Dakar-Port Sudan Railway
The Dakar-Port Sudan Railway is a proposed 4,000 km long transcontinental railway between Dakar, Senegal and Port Sudan, Sudan. It was proposed in 2008-2010 to pass through several countries along the way with spur lines to capital cities not on the direct route.
Louis Adamic
Louis Adamic (Slovene: Alojzij Adamič; March 23, 1898 – September 4, 1951) was a Slovene-American author and translator, mostly known for writing about and advocating for ethnic diversity of the United States.

Slovene Americans
Slovene Americans or Slovenian Americans are Americans of full or partial Slovene or Slovenian ancestry. Slovenes mostly immigrated to America during the Slovene mass emigration period from the 1880s to World War I.