hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Buy now, pay later
Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a type of short-term debt financing that allows consumers to make purchases while only initially paying for a portion of their value, postponing payment of the remainder of the debt until a future date, or dividing it into a series of installment payments. BNPL is generally structured like a hire purchase or installment plan money lending process that involves consumers, financiers, and merchants. Financiers pay merchants on behalf of the consumers when goods or services are purchased by the latter. These payments are later repaid by the consumers over time in equal installments. The number of installments and the repayment period vary, depending on the BNPL financier.

Affirm Holdings
Affirm Holdings, Inc. is an American financial technology company and a point-of-sale lender. Founded in 2012 by PayPal co-founder Max Levchin, it is the largest U.S. based buy now, pay later (BNPL) financier. As of 2025, Affirm reports nearly 26 million users and processing $37 billion in annual payments.

Affirm offers unsecured installment loans at the point-of-sale through various methods. These include payment links at online checkout, payment options at self-checkout kiosks, integration into third-party digital wallets, and virtual or physical cards. The company generates revenue by applying a service fee to sellers, charging interest to borrowers, or both, and does not charge a late fee. Affirm also offers a savings account and a debit card. The lender says its loan underwriting involves evaluating transactions by considering credit scores and other pertinent factors, while also incorporating machine learning. Affirm's services are available in the U.S., Canada and the U.K.
Yu Garden
Yu Garden or Yuyuan Garden (traditional Chinese: 豫園; simplified Chinese: 豫园; pinyin: Yù Yuán, Shanghainese Yuyoe Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ɦy²².ɦɥø⁵⁵], lit. Garden of Happiness) is an extensive Chinese garden located beside the City God Temple in the northeast of the Old City of Shanghai at Huangpu District, Shanghai. It abuts the Yuyuan Tourist Mart, the Huxinting Teahouse and the Yu Garden Bazaar.

This garden is accessible from the Shanghai Metro's Line 10 and Line 14 Yuyuan Garden station.

Boasting over 40 scenic spots, including pavilions, rock formations, and ponds, it is now a key site under state-level protection.

A centerpiece is the Exquisite Jade Rock (玉玲珑) a porous 3.3-m, 5-ton boulder. Rumours about its origin include the story that it was meant for the Huizong Emperor (Northern Song dynasty from 1100 to 1126 AD) the imperial garden in Bianjing,  but was salvaged from the Huangpu River after the boat carrying it had sunk.

Pan Yunduan
Pan Yunduan (Chinese: 潘允端, Pān Yǔnduān) was a Ming-era governor of Sichuan from Shanghai.

He constructed the original Yu Garden for his father, Pan En, between 1559 and 1577. His granddaughter's husband, Zhang Zhaolin (张肇林, Zhāng Zhàolín), eventually inherited it after his death.
Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki
40°39′26″N 22°48′15″E﻿ / ﻿40.6572°N 22.8041°E﻿ / 40.6572; 22.8041
The Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki (Greek: Αλεξάνδρειο Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Θεσσαλονίκης), was a higher education public institute, part of the Greek tertiary education system, specialized on science. As of 2017, there was a student population of 30,000 registered students with more than 430 faculty members and 200 administrative staff. In 2019, the Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki merged with the Technological Educational Institute of Central Macedonia, the Technological Educational Institute of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, and the International Hellenic University in order to form a new university, with the name of the latter.

Technological Educational Institute of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
The Technological Educational Institute of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (TEIEMT; Greek: Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Ανατολικής Μακεδονίας και Θράκης, ΤΕΙΑΜΘ;  formerly Technological Educational Institute of Kavala, TEIK; Τεχνολογικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ίδρυμα Καβάλας, TEIK) was a public higher institute providing university-level education in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The institute has three campuses; the main campus in St. Lukas, Kavala, and additional campuses in Drama and Didymoteicho. The TEI of Kavala had 13,500 registered students in the academic year 2007–08, ranking seventh among the 16 technological educational institutes in Greece in terms of students.
Nathaniel Kahn
Nathaniel Kahn (born November 9, 1962, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American filmmaker. His documentaries My Architect (2003) – about his father, the architect Louis Kahn – and Two Hands (2006) were nominated for Academy Awards. His mother is landscape architect Harriet Pattison.

In 2018 Kahn directed the HBO documentary The Price of Everything about the exponential sums paid for works on the Contemporary art market. In 2023, he directed Deep Sky.

Kahn is a graduate of Germantown Friends School and Yale University.

Louis Kahn
Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky; March 5 [O.S. February 20] 1901 – March 17, 1974) was an Estonian-born American architect based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. While continuing his private practice, he served as a design critic and professor of architecture at Yale School of Architecture from 1947 to 1957. From 1957 until his death, he was a professor of architecture at the School of Design at the University of Pennsylvania.

Kahn created a style that was monumental and monolithic; his heavy buildings for the most part do not hide their weight, their materials, or the way they are assembled. He was awarded the AIA Gold Medal and the RIBA Gold Medal. At the time of his death, he was considered by some as "America's foremost living architect."
Trayon Bobb
Trayon Denzil Bobb (born 5 November 1993) is a Guyanese professional footballer who plays as a left-winger for S.U.1 de Dezembro of the Portuguese Campeonato de Portugal league. He also represented the Guyana national team.

Bobb began his professional football career with Caledonia AIA of the TT Pro League in Trinidad and Tobago in 2011. During his time with the Stallions, Bobb won the FA Trophy in 2011–12 and the CFU Club Championship in 2012. In the middle of his second season with Caledonia AIA, in 2013, Bobb moved to Finland to join TP-47 before moving to RoPS Rovaniemi on a joint-loan agreement. In August 2013, Bobb was loaned to Lithuanian club FK Kruoja for the 2013 and 2014 A Lyga seasons.

He was a Guyana international having made his debut in August 2011.

2012 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup
The 2012 Trinidad and Tobago League Cup was the thirteenth season of the First Citizens Cup, which is the league cup competition for Trinidad and Tobago teams competing in the TT Pro League. Caledonia AIA entered as the cup holders having defeated T&TEC by a score of 2–1 in the 2011 final. Continuing from previous seasons, the slogan for the year's league cup was No Room for Losers and was sponsored by First Citizens Bank for the twelfth consecutive year. To keep with the tag-line, the year's edition only rewarded prizes to the cup winners and runner-up.
Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
Feldkirch (Austrian German pronunciation: [ˈfɛldkɪrç] ⓘ) is a town in the western Austrian state of Vorarlberg, bordering on Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is the administrative centre of the Feldkirch district. After Dornbirn, it is the second most populous town in Vorarlberg. The westernmost point in Austria lies in Feldkirch on the river Rhine, at the tripoint between Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein.

Georg Joachim Rheticus
Georg Joachim de Porris, also known as Rheticus (/ˈrɛtɪkəs/; 16 February 1514 – 4 December 1574), was a mathematician, astronomer, cartographer, navigational-instrument maker, medical practitioner, and teacher. He is perhaps best known for his trigonometric tables and as Nicolaus Copernicus's sole pupil. He facilitated the publication of his master's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
Biessenhofen–Füssen railway
The Biessenhofen–Füssen railway is a single-track and non-electrified branch line in the German state of Bavaria and it is a branch line connecting Füssen with the village of Biessenhofen on the Buchloe–Lindau railway. The Biessenhofen–Marktoberdorf section was opened in 1876 by the Royal Bavarian State Railways. On 1 June 1889, the extension to Füssen was opened, but it was built and operated by the private Lokalbahn AG (LAG). After its bankruptcy, the Marktoberdorf–Füssen section was nationalised on 1 August 1938. Until the end of 2018, the track was operated by Deutsche Bahn and also known by the name König-Ludwig-Bahn ("King Ludwig Railway"). Since then, it has been operated by the private operator Bayerische Regiobahn.

Füssen station
Füssen Station is the station in the town of Füssen, Bavaria, Germany. It has two platform tracks and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 6 station. It is served by about 20 trains of Deutsche Bahn daily and used by approximately 2,700 passengers daily. The  station is the terminus of the Biessenhofen–Füssen railway, also known as the König-Ludwig-Bahn ("King Ludwig Railway"). It is the closest station to Neuschwanstein Castle.

Apart from Füssen station, the town once had a station called Hopfensee. In addition, Ulrichsbrücke-Füssen station on the Ausserfern Railway is named after the town; it is about five kilometres to the southwest in Austria.
Gordon W. Lloyd
Gordon W. Lloyd (April 6, 1832 – December 23, 1904) was an English-born architect who practiced mainly in the American Midwest from the late 1850s through the 1890s. Trained under his uncle, the prominent church architect Ewan Christian, Lloyd opened an office in Detroit in 1858 and became especially active designing Episcopal churches while also producing major commercial and residential commissions. Representative works include the Trinity Cathedral (1872) in Pittsburgh, the Wright–Kay Building (1891) in Detroit, and the David Whitney House (1894). Though his office was in Detroit, Lloyd resided nearby in Windsor, Ontario.

Brush Street Station
Brush Street Station was a passenger train station on the eastside of downtown Detroit, Michigan, located at the foot of Brush Street at its intersection with Atwater Street and bordered by the Detroit River to the south.
Women's roles during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
Many women participated in the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 for democratic reform in China. Lee Feigon states "women [during the Tiananmen Square Protests] were relegated for the most part to traditional support roles." Chai Ling and Wang Chaohua, however, were female student leaders taking part in leadership activities during the pro-democracy movement. Ranging from student leaders to intellectuals, many women contributed their opinions and leadership skills to the movement. Although women had substantial roles, they had different standpoints regarding the hunger strike movement on May 13.

Chai Ling
Chai Ling (Chinese: 柴玲; pinyin: Chái Líng; born April 15, 1966) is a Chinese-American psychologist. She rose to prominence while studying at Peking University as one of the leaders of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. After moving to the US, she founded All Girls Allowed, an organization dedicated to ending China's one-child policy, and Jenzabar, an enterprise resource planning software firm for educational institutions.
Sea ice emissivity modelling
With increased interest in sea ice and its effects on the global climate, efficient methods are required to monitor both its extent and exchange processes.  Satellite-mounted, microwave radiometers, such SSMI, AMSR and AMSU, are an ideal tool for the task because they can see through cloud cover, and they have frequent, global coverage.  A passive microwave instrument detects objects through emitted radiation since different substance have different emission spectra.  To detect sea ice more efficiently, there is a need to model these emission processes.  The interaction of sea ice with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range is still not well understood. In general is collected information limited because of the large-scale variability due to the emissivity of sea ice.

Sea ice growth processes
Sea ice is a complex composite composed primarily of pure ice in various states of crystallization, but including air bubbles and pockets of brine. Understanding its growth processes is important for climate modellers and remote sensing specialists, since the composition and microstructural properties of the ice affect how it reflects or absorbs sunlight.

Sea ice growth models for predicting the ice distribution and extent are also valuable for shipping. An ice growth model can be combined with remote sensing measurements in an assimilation model as a means of generating more accurate ice charts.
Albugnano
Albugnano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Turin and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Asti.

Albugnano borders the following municipalities: Aramengo, Berzano di San Pietro, Castelnuovo Don Bosco, Moncucco Torinese, Passerano Marmorito, and Pino d'Asti.

Berzano di San Pietro
Berzano di San Pietro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Asti in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of Turin and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Asti.

Berzano di San Pietro borders the following municipalities: Albugnano, Aramengo, Casalborgone, Cinzano, and Moncucco Torinese.
Holika
Holika (Sanskrit: होलिका, IAST: Holikā), also known as Simhika, is an asuri in Hinduism. She is the sister of the asura-kings Hiranyakashipu and Hiranyaksha, and the paternal aunt   of Prahlada.

The legend of Holika Dahan (Holika's burning) signifies the triumph of righteousness over sin. Holika is associated with the annual bonfire on the night before Holi, the festival of colours.

Hiranyaksha
Hiranyaksha (Sanskrit: हिरण्याक्ष, lit. 'golden-eyed', IAST: Hiraṇyākṣa), also known as Hiranyanetra (Sanskrit: हिरण्यनेत्र) was an asura king  as per Hindu history. He is described to have submerged the earth and terrorised the three worlds. He was slain by the Varaha (wild boar) avatar of Vishnu, who rescued the earth goddess Bhumi and restored order to the earth.
200 Public Square
200 Public Square is a skyscraper in Cleveland, Ohio. The building, located on Public Square in Downtown Cleveland, reaches 45 stories and 658 feet (201 m) with 1.2 million square feet (110,000 m2) of office space. It is the third-tallest building in Cleveland and fourth-tallest in the state of Ohio. The building opened in 1985 as the headquarters for Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio, and was known as the Sohio Building or Standard Oil building. After British Petroleum (BP) rebranded Sohio as BP in the early 1990s, the building was often called the BP America Building, BP America Tower, BP Tower, or BP Building, and those earlier names are still regularly used even after BP moved its North American headquarters to Chicago in 1998. It was officially renamed 200 Public Square in 2005 and since 2010, has been Cleveland's regional headquarters for Huntington Bancshares.

Downtown Cleveland
Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The economic and cultural center of the city and the Cleveland metropolitan area, it is Cleveland's oldest district, with its Public Square laid out by city founder General Moses Cleaveland in 1796.

Downtown Cleveland is bounded by Lake Erie to the north, the Cuyahoga Valley to the west, and Interstate 90 to the south and east. It encompasses several subdistricts, and its diverse architecture includes the Cleveland Mall, one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States. Downtown's residential population has grown significantly since the 2000s and especially 2010s, registering the largest population growth, by percentage, of any Cleveland neighborhood over that time.
Lake DeForest
Lake DeForest, also called DeForest Lake,: 195–213  is a reservoir in Clarkstown, New York, created in 1956 by impounding the Hackensack River, which is a principal part of the water supply for Rockland County, New York and Northern New Jersey, mainly Bergen and Hudson counties. The reservoir is owned and operated by Suez North America, and is the most upstream of its reservoirs along the river's watershed, the others being Lake Tappan, the Woodcliff Lake Reservoir, and the Oradell Reservoir. It has a storage capacity of 5.6 billion gallons. Swimming and bathing are prohibited because the water is reserved for potable use.: 212  The lake is traversed by a causeway carrying Congers Road (CR 80).

Woodcliff Lake Reservoir
Woodcliff Lake is a reservoir in the New Jersey borough of Woodcliff Lake and portions of Hillsdale and Park Ridge, in Bergen County, United States. It was created circa 1903 by damming the Pascack Brook and is also fed by the Bear Brook which joins the Pascack at the reservoir. The creation of the lake led what had been the Borough of Woodcliff to change its name to Woodcliff Lake, to match the name of the new reservoir. The reservoir is owned by Suez North America, a private utility.
Yacc
Yacc (Yet Another Compiler-Compiler) is a computer program for the Unix operating system developed by Stephen C. Johnson.  It is a lookahead left-to-right rightmost derivation (LALR) parser generator, generating a LALR parser (the part of a compiler that tries to make syntactic sense of the source code) based on a formal grammar, written in a notation similar to Backus–Naur form (BNF). Yacc is supplied as a standard utility on BSD and AT&T Unix. GNU-based Linux distributions include Bison, a forward-compatible Yacc replacement.

B (programming language)
B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.

B was designed for recursive, non-numeric, machine-independent applications, such as system and language software. It was a typeless language, with the only data type being the underlying machine's natural memory word format, whatever that might be. Depending on the context, the word was treated either as an integer or a memory address.

As machines with ASCII processing became common, notably the DEC PDP-11 that arrived at Bell Labs, support for character data stuffed in memory words became important. The typeless nature of the language was seen as a disadvantage, which led Thompson and Ritchie to develop an expanded version of the language supporting new internal and user-defined types, which became the ubiquitous C programming language.
Art Pepper
Arthur Edward Pepper Jr. (September 1, 1925 – June 15, 1982) was an American jazz musician, most known as an alto saxophonist. He occasionally performed and recorded on tenor saxophone, clarinet (his first instrument) and bass clarinet. Active primarily in West Coast jazz, Pepper first came to prominence in Stan Kenton's big band. He was known for his emotionally charged performances and several stylistic shifts throughout his career, and was described by critic Scott Yanow as having "attained his goal of becoming the world's greatest altoist" at the time of his death in 1982.

Jack Sheldon
Beryl Cyril "Jack" Sheldon Jr. (November 30, 1931 – December 27, 2019) was an American jazz trumpeter, singer, and actor. He performed on The Merv Griffin Show and participated in episodes of the educational music television series Schoolhouse Rock!
Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party
The Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party, also referred to as Rivers PDP, is the state chapter of the Peoples Democratic Party in Rivers State,  Nigeria. It is currently chaired by businessman and Philanthropist Felix Obuah. Prominent public figures including the late Nigerian senator Ibiapuye Martyns-Yellowe and former governor and Committee Chair on State Creation Peter Odili are products of Rivers PDP.

Godspower Ake
Godspower Umejuru Ake MHA, MFR (2 February 1940 – 8 August 2016) was a politician in Rivers State, Nigeria. He was a member of the Rivers State House of Assembly and a Deputy Speaker. from 1979 to 1983, representing the constituency of Ahoada I for the National Party of Nigeria. He was the Special Adviser on Lands and Housing to Governor Peter Odili, a position he held from 1999 until 2007, and even combined this role with the position of the National Vice Chairman of the People's Democratic Party from 2004 to 2007. He became the third Chairman of the Rivers State People's Democratic Party in 2008 and served until 2013 when the High Court ordered him removed from office.
Lava Butte
Lava Butte is a cinder cone in central Oregon, United States, just west of U.S. Route 97 between the towns of Bend, and Sunriver in Deschutes County. It is part of a system of small cinder cones on the northwest flank of Newberry Volcano, a massive shield volcano which rises to the southeast. The cinder cone is capped by a crater which extends about 60 feet (20 m) deep beneath its south rim, and 160 feet (50 m) deep from the 5,020-foot (1,530 m) summit on its north side. Lava Butte is part of the Newberry National Volcanic Monument.

Newberry National Volcanic Monument
Newberry National Volcanic Monument was designated on November 5, 1990, to protect the area around the Newberry Volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon. The monument was created within the boundaries of the Deschutes National Forest, which is managed by the U.S. Forest Service, and includes 54,822 acres (86 sq mi; 222 km2) of lakes, lava flows, and geologic features in central Oregon.

From 1964 to 1966, the volcano was used for training Apollo astronauts.
Sturm, Ruger & Co.
Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc., better known by the shortened name Ruger, is an American firearm manufacturing company based in Southport, Connecticut, with production facilities also in Newport, New Hampshire; Mayodan, North Carolina; and Prescott, Arizona. The company was founded in 1949 by Alexander McCormick Sturm and William B. Ruger and has been publicly traded since 1969.

Ruger produces bolt-action, semi-automatic, and single-shot rifles, semi-automatic pistols, and single- and double-action revolvers.  According to the ATF statistics for 2022, Ruger is the largest firearm manufacturer in the United States, surpassing Smith & Wesson.

Ruger Wrangler
The Ruger Wrangler is a single-action rimfire revolver produced by Sturm, Ruger & Co. Chambered for .22 Long Rifle cartridges, it was announced in April 2019. The revolver makes extensive use of aluminum and zinc castings for ease of manufacturability, and also has an unfluted cylinder and uses metal injection molded components for further cost reduction. The Wrangler's price point has been described as "very attractive", and is less than half the MSRP of Ruger's Single-Six and Bearcat models.
Grunewald (locality)
Grunewald (German: [ˈɡʁuːnəˌvalt] ⓘ) is a locality within the Berlin borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Until 2001 administrative reform it was part of the former district of Wilmersdorf.

Grunewald forest lies partly within the locality and is Berlin's largest green area. Next to Lichterfelde West, Dahlem and Westend, it is part of the affluent Berlin "Villenbogen", a row of suburbs completely made up of 19th century mansions.

Berlin-Grunewald station
Berlin-Grunewald is a railway station in the upper class Grunewald district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn line S7.

In the Second World War, the station was the principal location for deporting Berlin Jews to the East during The Holocaust.