hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.

Baconian method
The Baconian method is the investigative method developed by Francis Bacon, one of the founders of modern science, and thus a first formulation of a modern scientific method. The method was put forward in Bacon's book Novum Organum (1620), or 'New Method', to replace the old methods put forward in Aristotle's Organon. It influenced the early modern rejection of medieval Aristotelianism.
Anti-tank rifle
An anti-tank rifle is an anti-materiel rifle designed to penetrate the armor of armored fighting vehicles, most commonly tanks, armored personnel carriers, and infantry fighting vehicles. The term is usually used for weapons that can be carried and used by one person, but is sometimes used for larger weapons. The usefulness of rifles for this purpose ran from the introduction of tanks in World War I until the Korean War. While medium and heavy tank armor became too thick to be penetrated by rigid projectiles from rifles that could be carried by a single soldier, anti-tank rifles continued to be used against other "soft" targets, though recoilless rifles and rocket-propelled grenades such as the bazooka were also introduced for infantry close-layer defense against tanks.

Boys anti-tank rifle
The Boys anti-tank rifle (officially Rifle, Anti-Tank, .55in, Boys, and sometimes incorrectly spelled "Boyes") is a British anti-tank rifle used during the Second World War. It was often nicknamed the "elephant gun" by its users due to its size and large 0.55 in (14 mm) bore.

There were three main versions of the Boys: an early model (Mark I), which had a circular muzzle brake and T-shaped monopod, built primarily at BSA in England; a later model (Mk I*) built primarily at the John Inglis and Company in Toronto, Canada, that had a rectangular muzzle brake and a V-shaped bipod; and a third model made for airborne forces with a 30-inch (762 mm) barrel and no muzzle brake. There were also different cartridges, with a later version offering better penetration.

Although adequate against light tanks and tankettes in the early part of the war, the Boys was ineffective against heavier armour and was phased out in favour of the PIAT hollow charge weapon mid-war.
Muscari racemosum
Muscari racemosum is a perennial bulbous flowering plant in the asparagus family Asparagaceae. The members of the genus are commonly known as grape hyacinths. Originally from south-west Turkey where it grows in rocky places, it is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant. It may be found in the horticultural literature under the synonym Muscari muscarimi.

M. racemosum resembles M. macrocarpum (with which it has been placed in the Muscarimia group of the genus Muscari). It is a robust plant, with large bulbs which have thick fleshy roots. Each bulb produces several greyish-green leaves. Flowers are borne in a spike or raceme. Individual flowers are 7–9 mm long, grey-white when fully open, sometimes with a bluish tone; they have a distinct scent of musk. This is the species from which the genus gets its name (Muscari is from the Greek muschos, meaning musk).

Muscari macrocarpum
Muscari macrocarpum is a perennial bulbous flowering plant in the asparagus family Asparagaceae. It is one of a number of species known as grape hyacinth, in this case yellow grape hyacinth. Originally from eastern Crete, Amorgos and south-west Turkey, where it grows in rocky places, it is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant.

M. macrocarpum resembles M. racemosum (with which it has been placed in the Muscarimia group of the genus Muscari). It is a robust plant, with large bulbs which have thick fleshy roots. Each bulb produces several greyish-green leaves. Flowers are borne in a spike or raceme on a stem 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) high. Individual flowers may be over 1 cm long, violet in bud and yellow when fully open; they have a distinct scent resembling bananas. Cultivars include 'Golden Fragrance'.
The Western Australian Flora: A Descriptive Catalogue
The Western Australian Flora: A Descriptive Catalogue was published by the Wildflower Society of Western Australia, the Western Australian Herbarium, 
CALM, and the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority of Perth, Western Australia.

Western Australian Herbarium
The Western Australian Herbarium is the state Herbarium, situated in Perth, the capital of Western Australia. It houses a collection of more than 845,000 dried specimens of plants, algae, bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts), lichens, fungi and slime moulds gathered from 1770 to today throughout Western Australia and from across the globe.

It is part of the Government of Western Australia's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, and has responsibility for the description and documentation of the flora of Western Australia. It has the Index Herbariorum code of PERTH.

The herbarium forms part of the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. The Herbarium's collection represents the work of over 13,000 collectors, encompassing more than 500 surveys and 180 studies across Western Australia. It is linked to the Western Australian 'Regional Herbaria Network' – which links approximately 84 regional community groups which have local reference collections.
Ramsgill
Ramsgill is a small village in Nidderdale, North Yorkshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Lofthouse, located near Gouthwaite Reservoir. It is chiefly known for the Yorke Arms, formerly a Michelin-starred restaurant on the village green which takes its name from the lords of the manor, the Yorke family, who once lived in nearby Gouthwaite Hall. The Yorke Arms is now an event venue.

St Mary's Church, Ramsgill was built in 1842, near to the remains of a Grade II listed medieval chapel which was originally part of a large grange built by the monks of Byland Abbey.

Ramsgill had a railway station on the Nidd Valley Light Railway, located in the hamlet of Bouthwaite. It opened in 1907 and closed in 1930.

The murderer Eugene Aram was born in Ramsgill.

Bouthwaite
Bouthwaite is a hamlet in the county of North Yorkshire, England. It is situated in Nidderdale, to the north of Pateley Bridge, close to the village of Ramsgill. The Nidderdale Way and Six Dales Trail both pass through the hamlet.

The place is first mentioned in 1184 as Burtheit.  The toponym means "cottage or store-house clearing", from the Old Norse búr and þveit. Fountains Abbey owned the land in the Middle Ages and established a grange at Bouthwaite.  The farmhouse named Bouthwaite Grange now stands on the site.

Until 1974 it was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the Borough of Harrogate, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Between 1907 and 1930 Bouthwaite was the site of Ramsgill railway station on the Nidd Valley Light Railway.
2-Bromopentane
2-Bromopentane is a bromoalkane and isomer of bromopentane. It is a colorless liquid. 2-Bromopentane is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as (R)-2-bromopentane and (S)-2-bromopentane, or as a racemic 1:1 mixture of the two enantiomers.

Bromopentane
Bromopentanes are a group of bromoalkanes consisting of pentane isomers with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by bromine atoms. They have the formula C5H12–nBrn, where n = 1–12 is the number of bromine atoms. They are colorless liquids.
Victorinox
Victorinox (/vɪkˈtɒriˌnɒks/) is a knife manufacturer and watchmaker based in the town of Ibach, in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. It is known for its Swiss Army knives. Since its acquisition of rival Wenger in 2005, it has become the sole supplier of multi-purpose knives to the Swiss army. It is the world's biggest manufacturer of pocket knives; additionally, the company licenses its logo for watches, apparel, and travel gear.

Ibach, Switzerland
Ibach (German pronunciation: [ˈiːbax]) is a village in the municipality of Schwyz, itself in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It lies some 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the south of the town centre of Schwyz, at the point where the road from Schwyz to Brunnen bridges the Muota river.

A Swiss knife manufacturer Victorinox, known for its Swiss Army knives, was founded in Ibach, where it operates to this day.
Milan–Asso railway
The Milan–Asso railway is a regional standard gauge railway line linking Milan to Canzo, with stops in Erba and other towns in Brianza. The northern terminal is Canzo-Asso, located in the commune of Canzo, but known as Asso, because there is another station on the line called Canzo and Canzo-Asso is next to the commune of Asso and serves the commune.

The management of the railway and of the stations is performed by FerrovieNord, until March 17, 2016.

The regional and suburban passenger service is provided by Trenord, under a service contract negotiated with Lombardy for the years 2009–2020.

Camnago–Lentate railway station
Camnago–Lentate railway station is a railway station in Italy. Located on the Milan–Chiasso railway, and linked with a branch of the Milan–Asso railway, it serves the town of Lentate sul Seveso, and particularly its suburb Camnago.
Natick, Massachusetts
Natick (/ˈneɪtɪk/ NAY-tik) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the center of the MetroWest region of Massachusetts, with a population of 37,006 at the 2020 census. 10 miles (16 km) west of Boston, Natick is part of the Greater Boston area. Massachusetts's center of population was in Natick at the censuses of 2000–2020, most recently in the vicinity of Hunters Lane.

Henry Wilson Shoe Shop
The Henry Wilson Shoe Shop is an historic "ten footer" building located at 181 West Central Street, Route 135 in Natick, Massachusetts, USA. Built in the 1850s, it was the shoe shop of Henry Wilson, a Senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth Vice President of the United States. On July 24, 2000, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

A ten footer is a small backyard shop structure that was built in the 18th and 19th centuries in New England to serve as a shoemaker's shop. The name came from the fact that the floor dimensions were usually about 10 by 10 feet (3.0 by 3.0 meters). The ten footers were forerunners of the large shoe factories that developed in New England later in the 19th century.
Giuseppe Di Cristina
Giuseppe Di Cristina (April 22, 1923 – May 30, 1978) was a powerful mafioso from Riesi in the province of Caltanissetta, Sicily, southern Italy. Di Cristina, nicknamed “la tigre’’ (the tiger), was born into a traditional Mafia family, his father Francesco Di Cristina and his grandfather were men of honour as well.

In 1975 he became the head of Cosa Nostra in the Caltanissetta province and a member of the Interprovincial Commission of the Mafia. Three years later he was killed by a rival Mafia faction, the Corleonesi of Totò Riina and Bernardo Provenzano. His death was a prelude to the Second Mafia War, which would start in 1981 after the Corleonesi killed Stefano Bontade.

Ciaculli massacre
The Ciaculli massacre on 30 June 1963 was caused by a car bomb that exploded in Ciaculli, an outlying suburb of Palermo, killing seven police and military officers sent to defuse it after an anonymous phone call. The bomb was intended for Salvatore "Ciaschiteddu" Greco, head of the Sicilian Mafia Commission and the boss of the Ciaculli Mafia family. At first, mafia boss Pietro Torretta was considered to be the instigator behind the bomb attack, but it was eventually found to be Michele Cavataio.

The Ciaculli massacre was the culmination of a bloody Mafia war between rival clans in Palermo in the early 1960s—now known as the First Mafia War, a second started in the early 1980s—for the control of the profitable opportunities brought about by rapid urban growth and the illicit heroin trade to North America. The unprecedented ferocity of the struggle reaped 68 victims from 1961 to 1963.
Vanderpool, Texas
Vanderpool is a small unincorporated community in Bandera County in the Texas Hill Country, United States, which is part of the Edwards Plateau. It is considered part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area. Although it is unincorporated, Vanderpool has a post office, with the ZIP code of 78885. According to the Handbook of Texas, Vanderpool had a population of 22 in 1990. Hunting, ranching and tourism are prime contributors to the regional economy.

Greater San Antonio
Greater San Antonio, officially designated San Antonio–New Braunfels, is an eight-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Texas defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The metropolitan area straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of the Texas Triangle. The official 2020 U.S. census showed the metropolitan area's population at 2,558,143—up from a reported 1,711,103 in 2000—making it the 24th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately 80 miles (129 km) apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. This combined metropolitan region of San Antonio–Austin has approximately 5.1 million people.

San Antonio–New Braunfels is the third-largest metro area in Texas, after Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington and Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land.
Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet
Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet (12 October 1640 – 28 February 1703) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1689 to 1690.

Twisden was the son of Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet and his wife Jane Tomlinson, daughter of John Tomlinson. Twisden succeeded to the baronetcy of Bradbourne, Kent on the death of his father on 2 January 1683.

Twisden was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochester in 1689 and held the seat until 1690.

Twisden married Margaret Marsham, daughter of Sir John Marsham in 1667.

Twisden lived at Bradbourne, Kent and died suddenly aged 62 on 28 February 1703.

Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet
Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet (2 January 1602 – 2 January 1683) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England in two periods between 1646 and 1660. He was a High Court judge who presided at the trial of the regicides.
Carlos Martín Alzugaray Lavaggi
Scouting portal

Carlos Alzugarai was one of the pioneers of Cuban Scouting. In 1914, the first Scout groups in Cuba were founded, and Carlos Alzugarai, Miguel Ángel Quevedo, Jules Loustalot and others wrote up the statutes and began Scout activities.

Asociación de Scouts de Cuba
The Asociación de Scouts de Cuba (ASC, Scout Association of Cuba) was the national Scouting organization of Cuba from 1927 to 1961. Scouting in Cuba started in 1914, in 1927 the ASC was founded and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement the same year and was suspended from WOSM membership in 1961. At the end of the 1950s, the boys-only association had about 6,500 members. Cuba is now one of only five of the world's independent countries that do not have Scouting.
Veer Kunwar Singh Stadium
Veer Kunwar Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Arrah, Bihar. The stadium has capacity of 10,000 spectators. The stadium is a venue for football tournaments, fairs & exhibition. It is used mostly for association football matches and the stadium is named after the Indian leader Babu Veer Kunwar Singh.

Arrah
Arrah (also spelled as Arra, Arah, transliterated as Ara) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district (formerly known as Shahabad district) in the Indian state of Bihar. During the British Raj, it served as the administrative headquarters and was considered the most populous urban centre of the historical Shahabad district. It is the headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near the confluence of the Ganges and Sone rivers, some 24 miles (39 km) from Danapur and 36 miles (58 km) from Patna.

The city holds an important position in Indian history, mainly because of its role in the Siege of Arrah, an important event during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, Arrah is a cultural centre for the Bhojpuri speaking region of India. Its economy is driven by agriculture and the trade of building materials, mainly sand and bricks from the riverine plains.
Liskincon
Liskincon is a small townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the barony of Omagh East and the civil parish of Termonmaguirk and covers an area of approximately 96 acres.

The townland's name derives from the Irish: Lios Cinn Con (fort of the dog's head).

In 1841, the population of the townland was 70 people (12 houses) and in 1851 it was 52 people (11 houses).

The townland contains one Scheduled Historic Monument: a Rath (grid ref: H5629 6763).

Termonmaguirk
Termonmaguirk is a civil parish in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh East, with a small portion in Strabane Upper.

The parish contains the following towns and villages:

Carrickmore

Drumnakilly

Loughmacrory

Sixmilecross

Termonmaguirk parish also contains the following 53 townlands:
Treaty of Lima (1929)
The Treaty of Lima was a boundary treaty signed on June 3, 1929. The agreement put an end to the territorial dispute regarding the provinces of Tacna and Arica, which had been administered by Chile since 1883.

The treaty divided Tacna Province, the first-level administrative division established by Chile, into two parts. Tacna was awarded to Peru, and Chile retained its sovereignty over Arica. Chile also agreed to pay up to US$6 million (about £1.23 million; equivalent to $113 million in 2025) in compensation to Peru. It established the border between both states and granted Peru the administration of the Tacna–Arica railway and a pier in the Port of Arica. The treaty was signed on 3 June 1929 in Lima by then-Peruvian Representative Pedro José Rada y Gamio and Chilean Representative Emiliano Figueroa Larrain.

Port of Arica
The Port of Arica (Spanish: Puerto de Arica, Terminal Portuario de Arica; TPA) is the main port of the northernmost coastal Chilean city of Arica. The northern part of the port, known by its acronym, MASP Arica (Spanish: Muelle al servicio del Perú en Arica), is operated by the Peruvian State.

It is one of the six most active ports in Chile, alongside those of Iquique, Lirquén, San Antonio, San Vicente and Valparaíso.
1986–87 Bradley Braves men's basketball team
The 1986–87 Bradley Braves men's basketball team represented Bradley University during the 1986–87 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Braves were members of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and played their home games at Carver Arena. Following the departure of former head coach Dick Versace, Bradley was banned from postseason play. The Braves were led by first year head coach Stan Albeck and AP Honorable mention All-American Hersey Hawkins, who averaged 27.2 points per game.

Hersey Hawkins
Hersey R. Hawkins Jr. (born September 29, 1966) is an American former professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After starring at George Westinghouse College Prep, the 6-foot-3-inch (1.91 m) shooting guard played college basketball for the Bradley Braves. Hawkins played for four teams throughout his 12-year NBA career.
Stanton Barrett
Stanton Thomas Barrett (born December 1, 1972) is an American professional stock car racing driver and Hollywood stuntman. He is the co-owner of Barrett–Cope Racing, which fields the No. 30 Chevrolet in the NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series. which he co-owns. He has previously competed in the WRL and HSR/SVRA Vintage Series.

The son of former stuntman Stan Barrett, he began NASCAR racing in the early 1990s, starting with the Daytona Dash Series in 1991 and moving on to the Busch North and Busch Series in 1992. Seven years later, he started racing in the Cup Series, making his series debut with Donlavey Racing in 1999. Barrett has since run part-time across NASCAR's top three series, sometimes as an owner/driver. Barrett has also competed in the IndyCar Series, running four races in 2009 for Team 3G.

Front Row Motorsports
Front Row Motorsports (FRM) is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team began running part-time in 2004 as Means-Jenkins Motorsports under a partnership with Jimmy Means and restaurant entrepreneur Bob Jenkins, with Jenkins becoming the full team owner in 2005. In the Cup Series, FRM fields three Ford Mustang Dark Horse teams full-time; the No. 4 for Noah Gragson, the No. 34 for Todd Gilliland, and the No. 38 for Zane Smith. In the Truck Series, they field two Ford F-Series teams full-time; the No. 34 for Layne Riggs and No. 38 for Chandler Smith.
Teatro Stabile d'Abruzzo
Teatro Stabile d'Abruzzo (TSA) is a theatre based in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy which was formed in 2000.

Directed by Alessandro D'Alatri today, the theatre has performed at many major Italian festivals, including the Venice Biennale, the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto, the Festival del Teatro di San Miniato, and at numerous theatrical festivals in Vicenza and Verona. Many of the productions of the Teatro Stabile d'Abruzzo have been recorded by the RAI.

In association with the Associazione Culturale Mamo, the theatrical group has put on productions of Jekyll & Hyde throughout Italy.

L'Aquila
L'Aquila (/ˈlækwɪlə/ LAK-wil-ə; Italian: [ˈlaːkwila] ⓘ; Neapolitan: [ˈlaːkwiːlə]) is the capital city of the region of Abruzzo in central Italy. With 70,421 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the second-largest city in the region. Laid out within medieval walls on a hill in the wide valley of the Aterno river, it is surrounded by the Apennine Mountains, with the Gran Sasso d'Italia to the north-east.

L'Aquila sits on a hillside in the middle of a narrow valley; the tall snow-capped mountains of the Gran Sasso massif flank the town. A maze of narrow streets, lined with Baroque and Renaissance buildings and churches, open onto elegant piazzas. Home to the University of L'Aquila, it is a lively college town and, as such, has many cultural institutions: a repertory theatre, a symphony orchestra, a fine art academy, a state conservatory and a film institute. There are several ski resorts in the surrounding province (Campo Imperatore, Ovindoli, Pescasseroli, Roccaraso, Scanno).
St. Vincent's Medical Center Southside
St. Vincent's Medical Center Southside is a not-for-profit, faith-based hospital located in the southern part of Jacksonville, Florida. It is a member of St. Vincent's HealthCare and is affiliated with Ascension Health. Founded as St. Luke's Hospital in 1873, it was Jacksonville's first private hospital and is Florida's oldest private hospital.

St. Vincent's HealthCare
St. Vincent's HealthCare, based in Jacksonville, Florida, is a network of three acute-care hospitals, a long-term skilled nursing facility, 30+ primary care centers, nearly a dozen medical laboratories, transportation and prescription services, and a health outreach ministry. It is part of  Ascension, the largest Catholic hospital system in the United States.