hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
N-slit interferometer
The N-slit interferometer is an extension of the double-slit interferometer also known as Young's double-slit interferometer. One of the first known uses of N-slit arrays in optics was illustrated by Newton. In the first part of the twentieth century, Michelson described various cases of N-slit diffraction.

Feynman described thought experiments the explored two-slit quantum interference of electrons, using Dirac's notation. This approach was extended to N-slit interferometers, by Duarte and colleagues in 1989, using narrow-linewidth laser illumination, that is, illumination by indistinguishable photons. The first application of the N-slit interferometer was the generation and measurement of complex interference patterns. These interferograms are accurately reproduced, or predicted, by the N-slit interferometric equation for either even (N = 2, 4, 6,...), or odd (N = 3, 5, 7,...), numbers of slits.

Laser communication in space
Laser communication in space is the use of free-space optical communication in outer space. Communication may be fully in space (an inter-satellite laser link) or in a ground-to-satellite or satellite-to-ground application. The main advantage of using laser communications over radio waves is increased bandwidth, enabling the transfer of more data in less time.

In outer space, the communication range of free-space optical communication is currently of the order of hundreds of thousands of kilometers. Laser-based optical communication has been demonstrated between the Earth and Moon and it has the potential to bridge interplanetary distances of millions of kilometers, using optical telescopes as beam expanders.
Caterham
Caterham (/ˈkeɪtərəm/) is a town in the Tandridge district of Surrey, England. The town is administratively divided into two: Caterham on the Hill, and Caterham Valley, which includes the main town centre in the middle of a dry valley but rises to equal heights to the south. The town lies close to the A22, 21 miles (34 kilometres) from Guildford and 6 miles (10 kilometres) south of Croydon, in an upper valley cleft into the dip slope of the North Downs. Caterham on the Hill is above the valley to the west.

The town is particularly associated with being the location of the original factory for the Caterham 7 and for being the location of Caterham School, the estate of which lies on the outskirts of Caterham Valley.

London Defence Positions
The London Defence Positions were a late 19th-century scheme of earthwork fortifications in the southeast of England, designed to protect London from foreign invasion landing on the south coast. The positions were a carefully surveyed contingency plan for a line of entrenchments, which could be quickly excavated in a time of emergency.

The line to be followed by these entrenchments was supported by thirteen permanent small polygonal forts or redoubts called London Mobilisation Centres, which were equipped with all the stores and ammunition that would be needed by the troops tasked with digging and manning the positions.
Vefsna
Vefsna (Norwegian), Vaapstenjeanoe (Southern Sami), or Vapstälven (Swedish) is the largest river in Nordland county, Norway. It is 163 kilometres (101 mi) long and drains a watershed of 4,122 square kilometres (1,592 sq mi). Its headwaters lie in the mountains of Børgefjell National Park at the lake Simskardvatnet. The river runs through Hattfjelldal Municipality, Grane Municipality, and Vefsn Municipality. The southern parts of the river are sometimes called the river Susna. The river flows north, not far from the Swedish border, and some of the minor tributaries come from Sweden. At the town of Mosjøen, the river discharges into the Vefsnfjorden. The Laksforsen waterfall lies along its course.

Historically, it was an important salmon fishery, but it has now been infected with the salmon parasite Gyrodactylus salaris.

Hattfjelldal Municipality
Hattfjelldal (Norwegian) or Aarborte (Southern Sami) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the Helgeland traditional region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Hattfjelldal. Other villages include Grubben, Svenskvollen, and Varntresk. Hattfjelldal Airfield is located in the village of Hattfjelldal.

The 2,684-square-kilometre (1,036 sq mi) municipality is the 20th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Hattfjelldal Municipality is the 315th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,284. The municipality's population density is 0.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (1.3/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 14.4% over the previous 10-year period.

Hattfjelldal is one of the last strongholds for the severely endangered Southern Sami language. It was also one of the municipalities in Norway involved in the Terra Securities scandal.
Azriel Rosenfeld Award
In computer vision, the Azriel Rosenfeld Award, or Azriel Rosenfeld Life Time Achievement Award was established at ICCV 2007 in Rio de Janeiro to honor outstanding researchers who are recognized as making significant contributions to the field of Computer Vision over longtime careers. This award is in memory of the computer scientist and mathematician Prof. Azriel Rosenfeld.

International Conference on Computer Vision
The International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) is a research conference sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) held every other year. It is considered to be one of the top conferences in computer vision, alongside CVPR and ECCV,
and it is held on years in which ECCV is not.

The conference is usually spread over four to five days. Typically, experts in the focus areas give tutorial talks on the first day, then the technical sessions (and poster sessions in parallel) follow. Recent conferences have also had an increasing number of focused workshops and a commercial exhibition.
Partners in Crime (British TV series)
Partners in Crime is a British crime drama television series that began on BBC One on 26 July 2015. The six-part series is based on Tommy and Tuppence by Agatha Christie. It was not renewed for a second series by the BBC.

The title is taken from the short story collection Partners in Crime. The first three episodes are adapted from the 1922 novel The Secret Adversary, and the last three episodes from the 1941 novel N or M?

Tommy and Tuppence
Tommy and Tuppence are two fictional detectives, recurring characters in the work of Agatha Christie. Their full names are Thomas Beresford and his wife Prudence (née Cowley).
Tommy and Tuppence first appeared in Christie's The Secret Adversary (1922). They started out their career in search of adventure and money, and the detecting life soon proved profitable and very exciting.
Irish Landmark Trust
The Irish Landmark Trust is an architectural conservation and educational organisation founded in Ireland in 1992. Similar to the British Landmark Trust (founded in 1965), it is a registered charity which renovates buildings of historic interest and makes them available for holiday rental, while collating and sharing information on construction and restoration techniques. As of 2018, the organisation had restored over 30 properties on the island of Ireland, including a number of lighthouses and castles.

The organisation has its registered office at 11 Parnell Square, the headquarters of the Irish Heritage Trust.

Irish Heritage Trust
The Irish Heritage Trust (IHT) is an architectural and cultural organisation which aims to preserve, maintain and understand notable Irish buildings for the purposes of education, research and recreation. Founded by the Irish state in 2006 as a national heritage property organisation, it was partly modelled on the National Trust in the U.K.
Matt Nickerson
Matt Nickerson (born January 11, 1985) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who last played for Finnish second tier side TuTo Turku. He previously played for three teams in the UK's EIHL.

Belfast Giants
The Belfast Giants are a professional ice hockey team based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. They compete in the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). They play their home games at the SSE Arena and are owned by the Odyssey Trust, a charitable company set up to hold and maintain the Odyssey complex, including the SSE Arena and its facilities. The Giants operated as the anchor tenant for the Arena at its opening before becoming an integrated part of the organisation.

Since their inception in 2000, the Giants have won seventeen major honours, including eight British league championships (by finishing top of the regular season standings), three British national championships (by winning the post-season play-off tournament), and six Challenge Cups.
Metallurgichesky constituency
The Metallurgichesky constituency (No.190) is a Russian legislative constituency in Chelyabinsk Oblast. The constituency covers northern and eastern Chelyabinsk as well as northern Chelyabinsk Oblast, including the towns Ozyorsk, Snezhinsk, Kyshtym and Verkhny Ufaley.

The constituency has been represented since 2016 by United Russia deputy Vladimir Burmatov, three-term State Duma member and community activist.

Constituencies of Russia
Legislative constituencies are used in Russia to elect half of the seats (225) in the State Duma. Each Federal Subject gets a certain amount of constituencies, proportional to their population, with every Federal Subject getting at least one. Every constituency is a single-mandate one, meaning each constituency sends one representative (also known as a Deputy) to the State Duma.

Constituencies are created and their boundaries drawn by the Central Election Commission. According to Federal Law, the layout of constituencies are to be used for 10 years. Using these current constituencies, elections were held to the State Duma in 2016 and 2021.
Salam Academy
Salam Academy is an Islamic PreK–high school in Richardson, Texas. It was established as a part-time school in 2003 and added a full-time school in fall 2008. As of 2014 it had 315 students, 90% being South Asian, 5% being Arab, and 5% being non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, and Black. It is not affiliated with any particular mosque.

Richardson, Texas
Richardson is a city in Dallas and Collin counties in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 United States census, the city had a total population of 119,469. Richardson is an inner suburb of the city of Dallas.

It is home to the University of Texas at Dallas and the Telecom Corridor, with a high concentration of telecommunications companies. More than 5,000 businesses have operations within Richardson's 28 square miles (73 km2), including many of the world's largest telecommunications and networking companies, such as AT&T, Verizon, Cisco Systems, Samsung, ZTE, MetroPCS, Texas Instruments, Qorvo, and Fujitsu. Richardson's largest employment base is provided by the insurance industry, with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas's headquarters, a regional hub for the insurance company GEICO, regional offices for United Healthcare, and one of State Farm Insurance's three national regional hubs located in the community.
Fast RMX
Fast RMX (stylized as FAST rmx) is a 2017 racing video game developed and published by Shin'en Multimedia for the Nintendo Switch. It is the third installment in the Fast series. The game was released on 3 March 2017 on the Nintendo eShop as a launch title for the console.

Fast RMX includes all the courses and downloadable content from the original game, Fast Racing Neo, in addition to 6 new courses for a total of 30 courses, but with shorter Grand Prix than the original. An additional free update was released on 13 September 2017, which added 6 extra courses, for a total of 36. The game received a limited edition physical release on 13 October 2022, via Super Rare Games.

A sequel, Fast Fusion, was released in June 2025.

Fast (video game series)
Fast (often stylized in uppercase) is a series of racing video games developed and published by German game developer Shin'en Multimedia. Released exclusively for Nintendo platforms, the series consists of four games, all following the same racing and phase-shifting formula: Fast Racing League, Fast Racing Neo, Fast RMX, and Fast Fusion.

The series has been compared to F-Zero and Wipeout.
Jarius Wright
Jarius Wright (born November 25, 1989) is an American former professional football wide receiver. He was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2012 NFL draft. He played college football for the University of Arkansas Razorbacks, where he was an All-SEC first-team selection in 2011.

Christian Ponder
Christian Andrew Ponder (born February 25, 1988) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL).  He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles, and was selected by the Minnesota Vikings with the 12th overall pick in the 2011 NFL draft. He played for the Vikings, Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers.

Ponder had an up-and-down career with the Vikings. He started all 16 games and helped lead the team to a playoff berth in 2012, but also suffered several injuries and inconsistent play, eventually being benched in favor of rookie Teddy Bridgewater in 2014; he totaled a 14–21–1 record in his four seasons with the Vikings. He then spent time in a backup role for the Oakland Raiders, Denver Broncos and San Francisco 49ers, but never took another NFL snap before retiring in 2016.

Since December 2012, Ponder has been married to former ESPN personality Samantha Ponder.
Murrumburrah
Murrumburrah is a town in  New South Wales, Australia, part of a twin town with Harden.  The town is in Hilltops Council local government area in the South West Slopes area of NSW.  It is on the Burley Griffin Way, the major link from the Riverina to the Hume Highway near Yass, and ultimately Sydney, Canberra and the coast.

The name probably comes from Wiradhuri murrimboola, which can reasonably be translated to "two waterholes".

Hilltops Council
Hilltops Council is a local government area in the South Western Slopes region of New South Wales, Australia. This area was formed on 12 May 2016 from the merger of Boorowa Council, Harden Shire and Young Shire. The local government area covers much the same area as the Hilltops wine region.

The mayor of Hilltops Council is Brian Ingram, an independent, and was elected unopposed after the most recent election held on 9 September 2024.
Conjunctive use (philately)
In philately, the term conjunctive use refers to the simultaneous use of different types of postage stamps to pay separate parts of a postal charge on the same letter.

Examples include the addition of an adhesive postage stamp to an item of postal stationery already bearing an imprinted stamp to pay additional postal charges such as airmail or registration charges, or the part transport of mail by a local postal service. Such covers are known as conjunctive covers.

Imprinted stamp
In philately, an imprinted stamp is a stamp printed onto a piece of postal stationery such as a stamped envelope, postal card, letter sheet, letter card, aerogram or wrapper. The printing may be flat upon the surface of the paper, or embossed with a raised relief. An imprinted stamp is also known as unadhesive stamp  or indicium.

The cost of the item of stationery includes the manufacture of the item and the charge for postal service. The design of imprinted stamps often bears a close resemblance to normal adhesive stamps of the same country and era. It may be a definitive or commemorative stamp.
6th Anti-Aircraft Division (United Kingdom)
The 6th Anti-Aircraft Division (6th AA Division) was an air defence formation created within Anti-Aircraft Command of Britain's Territorial Army just before the Second World War. It defended the Thames Estuary and the approaches to London during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.

Anti-Aircraft Command
Anti-Aircraft Command (AA Command, or "Ack-Ack Command") was a British Army command of the Second World War that controlled the Territorial Army anti-aircraft artillery and searchlight formations and units defending the United Kingdom.
Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District
Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District (Persian: دهستان جعفربای جنوبی) is in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the village of Panj Peykar. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Si Joval, now a city.

Panj Peykar
Panj Peykar (Persian: پنج پيكر) is a village in, and the capital of, Jafarbay-ye Jonubi Rural District in the Central District of Torkaman County, Golestan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Si Joval, now a city.
Pyeongchang County
Pyeongchang (American English: /ˌpjʌŋˈtʃɑːŋ/ pyung-CHAHNG, Korean: [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋ]; in full, Pyeongchang-gun [pʰjʌŋtɕʰaŋɡun]) is a county in the state of Gangwon, South Korea, located in the Taebaek Mountains region. It is home to several Buddhist temples, including Woljeongsa. It is about 180 km (110 mi) east southeast of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, and connected by expressways and high-speed passenger railways. Pyeongchang's slogan, "Happy 700 Pyeongchang", is taken from its average elevation of approximately 700 metres (2,300 ft).

Pyeongchang hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 Winter Paralympics. It was officially rebranded as "PyeongChang" (with a capital 'C') for the purposes of the 2018 Games, in order to avoid confusion with Pyongyang in North Korea.

Lee Seung-bok
Lee Seung-bok (Korean: 이승복; 9 December 1959 – 9 December 1968) was a 9-year-old South Korean boy who was murdered by North Korean commandos. His murder was widely publicized in South Korea. In the early 1990s, false rumours began to circulate that Lee had never existed and that his death was the creation of South Korean propaganda.
College General
The College General (Malay: Seminari Tinggi Katolik) is a Catholic interdiocesan seminary located at Tanjong Bungah in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The college's foundation can be traced back to the 1665 establishment of the Seminary of Saint Joseph in Ayuthia which was then the capital of Siam (now Thailand).

Catholic Church in Malaysia
The Catholic Church in Malaysia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. The apostolic nuncio to Malaysia is currently Archbishop Wojciech Załuski, who was appointed on 22 September 2020; The current resident ambassador of Malaysia to the Holy See is Hendy anak Assan.

The first Catholic priests landed in Malacca in 1511 as military chaplains to the Portuguese. The missionaries were Franciscan and Dominican friars. Malacca subsequently became a stop-over for thousands of missionaries who spread the faith to South and Far East Asia. Until today, small Christian communities can be found in these places as a result of missionary zest. Malacca holds a special place in the history of the Church in this region.
Les Tavernes
Les Tavernes (French pronunciation: [le tavɛʁn]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.

Vuibroye
Vuibroye (French pronunciation: [vɥibʁwa]) is a former municipality in the district of Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  The municipalities of Bussigny-sur-Oron, Châtillens, Chesalles-sur-Oron, Ecoteaux, Oron-la-Ville, Oron-le-Châtel, Palézieux, Les Tavernes, Les Thioleyres and Vuibroye merged on 1 January 2012 into the new municipality of Oron.
Carnival Fantasy
Carnival Fantasy (formerly Fantasy) was a cruise ship operated by Carnival Cruise Line. She was the first ship of her namesake class, which was the largest by number of ships, before the scrapping of the Fantasy, Inspiration, Imagination, and the selling of the Fascination in 2020. Built by Kværner Masa-Yards at its Helsinki New Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland, she was floated out on December 9, 1988, completed on January 27, 1990 and formally named on March 1, 1990, as Fantasy by Tellervo Koivisto, wife of the then President of Finland, Mauno Koivisto.  During 2007, in common with all of her Fantasy-class sisters, she had the prefix "Carnival" added to her name.

In July 2020, Carnival Corporation & plc confirmed that it had sold Carnival Fantasy for scrap.

Fantasy-class cruise ship
The Fantasy class is a cruise ship class operated by Carnival Cruise Lines. The first vessel of the class, Carnival Fantasy, entered service in 1990. All eight vessels of the class were constructed by Kvaerner Masa-Yards, in Helsinki, Finland, at the Hietalahti shipyard.

In late 2006, Carnival Cruise Lines refurbished the Fantasy-class fleet under the program name "Evolutions Of Fun". This was completed in 2010 and cost $250 million.
Aleksandr Kamshalov
Aleksandr Kamshalov (1932–2019; Russian: Александр Камшалов) was a member of the Communist Party who served as the chairman of the State Committee for Cinematography in the Soviet Union being last Soviet politician who held the post. During his tenure Kamshalov was the most authoritative figure in the Soviet film industry, including the production, theatrical distribution, home video, and import and export of films.

State Committee for Cinematography
Goskino USSR (Russian: Госкино СССР) is the abbreviated name for the USSR State Committee for Cinematography (Государственный комитет по кинематографии СССР) in the Soviet Union. It was a central state directory body for Soviet film production.
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1972 film)
The Adventures of Pinocchio (Italian: Un burattino di nome Pinocchio, literally A puppet named Pinocchio) is a 1972 Italian animated fantasy film produced by Cartoons Cinematografica Italiana. An adaptation of Carlo Collodi's 1883 book The Adventures of Pinocchio, it is written, produced, directed and edited by Giuliano Cenci. The English dub was released in the United States by G.G. Communications in October of 1978.

Fairy with Turquoise Hair
The Fairy with Turquoise Hair (Italian: la Fata dai Capelli Turchini), often simply referred to as the Blue Fairy (La Fata Turchina), is a fictional character in the 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi, repeatedly appearing at critical moments in Pinocchio's wanderings to admonish the little wooden puppet to avoid bad or risky behavior.

Although the naïvely willful marionette initially resists her good advice, he later comes to follow her instruction. She in turn protects him, and later enables his assumption of human form, contrary to the prior wooden form.
Ryōta Yamaguchi
Ryōta Yamaguchi (山口 亮太, Yamaguchi Ryōta; born March 2, 1969) is a Japanese anime screenwriter often associated with Studio Deen, Toei Animation, and Sunrise.

He penned a number of scripts for Sunrise's anime TV series The Vision of Escaflowne, as well as writing the movie version, Escaflowne: A Girl in Gaea with director Kazuki Akane. He also worked on scripts for the 2002 Kanon anime television series.

His other major works include Ranma ½, Sailor Moon Sailor Stars, Cutey Honey Flash, Digimon Savers, DokiDoki! PreCure, and Blue Exorcist.

Kazuki Akane
Kazuki Akane (赤根 和樹, Akane Kazuki; born March 24, 1962, in Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) is a Japanese animation director. Until the early 2000s, he was a staff member of the anime studio Sunrise, where he collaborated with Shoji Kawamori to direct his most famous work, The Vision of Escaflowne. Since that time, he worked extensively with Satelight (and occasionally again with Kawamori, who is the studio's executive director) before going freelance once more to direct the Birdy the Mighty TV series, among other projects.