hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Novardok Yeshiva
The Novardok Yeshiva was one of the largest and most important yeshiva in pre-World War II Europe, and a force within the Mussar movement. It was the first of hundreds of Mussar yeshivas which were all called Novardok yeshivas.

The yeshiva was established in Novogrudok, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire in 1896, together with a Kollel for married men, under the direction of Rabbi Yosef Yozel Horwitz, an alumnus of the Kovno Kollel and pupil of Rabbi Yisrael Salanter. He was known as the Alter fun Novardok, "the elder of Novardok" in Yiddish.

Novardok yeshivas were opened in major cities likr Kyiv, Kharkiv, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Zhytomyr, Berdychiv, Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), Saratov, Plogid, and Chernihiv. Influenced by the Alter, his students also created yeshivas in Kherson, Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Kamieniec-Podolski, Berdichev, Nikolaev, Bălţi, Odessa, Piotrków Trybunalski and other places.

Musar movement
The Musar movement (Hebrew: תְּנוּעַת הַמוּסָר, romanized: tnūʿat ha-Mūsar; also spelled Mussar) is an ethical, educational, and cultural movement in Judaism that developed in 19th-century Lithuania, particularly among Orthodox Lithuanian Jews. Musar (Biblical Hebrew: מוּסָר) is derived from Proverbs 1:2, wherein the author of the book of Proverbs uses the term to describe moral behavior, instruction, and discipline, with an emphasis on educating oneself about how to act properly. The term was used by the originators of the Musar movement to convey teachings regarding ethical and spiritual paths found in the Musar literature (סִפְרוּת הַמוּסָר, sifrūt ha-Mūsar). The Musar movement made significant contributions to the Musar literature and Jewish ethics. The movement was revived in the 21st century among Jews of all denominations, particularly in the United States.
Riverdale, Nebraska
Riverdale is a village in Buffalo County, in the state of Nebraska, in the Midwestern United States. It is part of the Kearney, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 182 at the 2010 census.

Buffalo County, Nebraska
Buffalo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 50,084, making it Nebraska's fifth-most populous county. Its county seat is Kearney. The county was created in 1855 and was organized in 1870. It was named after the once-prevalent bison herds of the Great Plains.

Buffalo County is part of the Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Buffalo County is represented by the prefix 9; when the license plate system was established in 1922, the county ranked ninth in number of registered vehicles.
Ghost story
A ghost story is any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes a ghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts or characters' belief in them. The "ghost" may appear of its own accord or be summoned by magic. Linked to the ghost is the idea of a "haunting", where a supernatural entity is tied to a place, object or person. Ghost stories are commonly examples of ghostlore.

Colloquially, the term "ghost story" can refer to any kind of scary story. In a narrower sense, the ghost story has been developed as a short story format, within genre fiction. It is a form of supernatural fiction and specifically of weird fiction, and is often a horror story.

While ghost stories are often explicitly meant to scare, they have been written to serve all sorts of purposes, from comedy to morality tales. Ghosts often appear in the narrative as sentinels or prophets of things to come.

Ghostlore
Ghostlore is the body of traditional beliefs and folklore surrounding ghosts and hauntings. Such tales often feature souls of the deceased that are believed to linger in the physical world, either to communicate with the living or to seek vengeance for past wrongs. Ghostlore is a widespread phenomenon, and narratives of hauntings and ghostly encounters are found in cultures around the world.

The term "ghost" eludes a singular definition; its meaning has evolved across cultures, shaped by various interpretations rooted in religious beliefs, folklore, and historical context. Interpretations of ghosts vary based on religious beliefs, cultural values, and historical contexts.
Ridhapata
Ridhapata is a market center in Jaya Prithvi Municipality of Bajhang District in the Seti Zone of north-western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,017 and had 392 houses in the village.

Jayaprithvi
Jayaprithvi (ancient name Chainpur) is a municipality and the district headquarter of Bajhang District in Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal that was established on 18 May 2014 by merging the two former Village development committees Rithapata, Chainpur, Hemantabada, Luyanta and Subeda. It lies on the bank of Seti River.
This Brings Us to Volume 2
This Brings Us to Volume 2 is an album by American jazz saxophonist Henry Threadgill with his band Zooid, featuring Jose Davila on trombone and tuba, Liberty Ellman on guitar, Stomu Takeishi on bass guitar, and Elliot Humberto Kavee on drums. It was recorded in 2008 and released on Pi Recordings.

Pi Recordings
Pi Recordings is a jazz record label founded by Seth Rosner in 2001. He was soon joined as partner by Yulun Wang. Pi specializes in avant-garde jazz. Its first two albums were by Henry Threadgill.

Pi's roster includes Amir ElSaffar, Anthony Braxton, Corey Wilkes, James Blood Ulmer, Leroy Jenkins, Liberty Ellman, Marc Ribot, Muhal Richard Abrams, Roscoe Mitchell, Rudresh Mahanthappa, Steve Lehman, Art Ensemble of Chicago, Steve Coleman, Vijay Iyer, and Wadada Leo Smith.

In its first twenty years, Pi released fewer than a hundred recordings. In 2021, DownBeat wrote that "Pi releases rigorous, pathbreaking music that stretches the boundaries of jazz while honoring its history."
Old Masonic Temple (Trenton, New Jersey)
The Old Masonic Temple in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States,  is a historic building built in 1793 at the corner of Front and Willow (or Barrack) streets near the New Jersey State House, and across the street from the Old Barracks. 
In 1915 when a new building was constructed for the Trenton Lodge, the old building was moved half a block south to 102 Barrack Street.  It has served as a Masonic Lodge, a school, a shop for a furnisher and upholsterer, a museum, and is now a tourist information center. In 1970 the building became part of the State House Historic District listed by the National Register of Historic Places.

State House Historic District
The State House Historic District encompasses many historic buildings along West State and Willow Streets in Trenton, New Jersey, including the New Jersey State House, Old Barracks Museum, and the Old Masonic Temple.
Palaeostomatidae
Palaeostomatidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Spatangoida.

Genera:

†Ditremaster Munier-Chalmas, 1885

Palaeostoma Lovén in A. Agassiz, 1872

Sarsiaster Mortensen, 1950

†Trachyaster Pomel, 1869

Spatangoida
The heart urchins are members of the order Spatangoida of sea urchins. Their body are somewhat elongated ovals in form, and are distinguished by the mouth being placed towards one end of the animal, and the anus towards the other. As a result, unlike most other sea urchins, heart urchins are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a distinct anterior surface. The presence and position of the mouth and anus typically give members of this group the distinct "heart" shape from which they get their common name. Heart urchins have no feeding lantern, and often have petaloids sunk into grooves. They are a relatively diverse order, with a number of varying species.
Mobarakabad, Rasht
Mobarakabad (Persian: مبارک‌آباد) is a village in, and the capital of, Pir Bazar Rural District in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Iran. The previous capital of the rural district was the village of Pir Bazar, now a city.

Pir Bazar
Pir Bazar (Persian: پیربازار) is a city in the Central District of Rasht County, Gilan province, Iran. As a village, it was the capital of Pir Bazar Rural District until its capital was transferred to the village of Mobarakabad.
Nicolas Batum
Nicolas Madelin Victor Andre Batum (/ˈniːkoʊlə bəˈtuːm/ NEE-koh-lə bə-TOOM; born 14 December 1988) is a French professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is also a member of the French national team and earned a silver medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and in the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris.

2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup
The 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup was the 17th edition of the FIBA Basketball World Cup, the tournament previously known as the FIBA World Championship. The tournament was held from 30 August to 14 September 2014. Hosted by Spain, it was the last tournament to be held on the then-current four-year cycle. The next FIBA World Cup was held five years later, in 2019, to reset the four-year-cycle on a different year than the FIFA World Cup.

The United States won their fifth world championship, after beating silver medal-winning Serbia in the Final. France claimed the third place, while Lithuania finished fourth in the tournament.
Eddie Rickenbacker
Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (born Edward Rickenbacher, October 8, 1890 – July 23, 1973) was an American fighter pilot in World War I and a Medal of Honor recipient. With 26 aerial victories, he was the most successful and most decorated United States flying ace of the war. He was also a racing driver, an automotive designer, and a long-time head of Eastern Air Lines.

Toul-Croix de Metz Airfield
Toul-Croix De Metz Airfield is a former military airfield which is located approximately one mile (1.6 km) northeast of Toul (Département de Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine); 160 miles (260 km) east of Paris.

The airfield had its probable origins as early as 1912, as an Aéronautique Militaire airfield, later being extensively used by the United States Army Air Service. It became a permanent airfield between the wars and during the Phony War with Nazi Germany (1939–1940) was the home of G.C. II/5 (The French Air Force descendant of the World War I Lafayette Escadrille) equipped with American Curtis Hawk 75A fighters. Seized in the Battle of France, it became a Luftwaffe airfield until being captured by the United States Third Army in September 1944. It then became a United States Army Air Forces combat airfield until the end of the war.

After the war, the airfield was redeveloped into a private industrial estate.
Pablo Fanque
Pablo Fanque (born William Darby; 30 March 1810 – 4 May 1871) was a British equestrian performer and circus proprietor, becoming the first recorded Black circus owner in Britain. His circus was popular in Victorian Britain for 30 years, a period that is regarded as the golden age of the circus.

Since the 1960s, Pablo Fanque has been best known for being mentioned in the Beatles song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" on their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

Woodhouse Cemetery
The  Leeds General Cemetery (also known as Woodhouse Cemetery,  Woodhouse Lane Cemetery and, since its closure in 1969, St George's Fields) is a former cemetery in Woodhouse, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is now within the campus of the University of Leeds and has been landscaped and kept as an open space. Some original monuments and the cemetery chapel remain.
Çürüklük
Çürüklük is a small neighborhood in Kasımpaşa in the Beyoğlu municipality on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey.

The word çürüklük means "rottenness," "garbage dump,"  or "graveyard for executed criminals and paupers." The area is said to have been built on the site of a Byzantine garbage dump that stretched from Elmadağ in Şişli to Tepebaşı in Beyoğlu (near the present British Consulate).

Çürüklük is one of the historic Romani ("Gypsy") neighborhoods of Istanbul, along with Selamsız, Sulukule, Küçükbakkalköy, Tophane, Çayırboyu, and Lonca.

Küçükbakkalköy
Küçükbakkalköy is a neighborhood (mahalle) in the municipality and district of Ataşehir, Istanbul Province, Turkey.

Its population is 30,050 (2022).

The neighborhood is on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. It is bounded on the north and northeast by the Ataşehir neighborhood of Atatürk; on the southeast by the Ataşehir neighborhoods of İnönü, Kayışdağı, and İçerenköy; on the south by the Ataşehir neighborhood of İçerenköy; and on the northwest by the Ataşehir neighborhoods of Barbaros and Atatürk.
Krajna
Krajna is a forested historical region in the north of Greater Poland in Poland, situated in the border area between the Greater Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Pomeranian Voivodeships. The region consists of parts of Złotów, Piła, Sępólno, Nakło, Bydgoszcz and Człuchów counties, namely the urban gmina of Złotów, the rural gmina of Złotów and the urban-rural gminas of Krajenka, Wysoka, Wyrzysk, Łobżenica, Kamień Krajeński, Sępólno Krajeńskie, Więcbork, Nakło nad Notecią, Koronowo and Debzno.  The name of Krajna is derived from the Slavic word for borderland (between Greater Poland and Pomerania), cf. Krajina.

The main towns in the region are Złotów and Nakło nad Notecią. Since 1932, Krajna has own regional anthem, composed by Paweł "Krajnomir" Jasiek

Part of the region forms a protected area called Krajna Landscape Park.

Gmina Sępólno Krajeńskie
Gmina Sępólno Krajeńskie is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Sępólno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. Its seat in the historic Krajna region is the town of Sępólno Krajeńskie, which lies approximately 49 kilometres (30 mi) north-west of Bydgoszcz.

The gmina covers an area of 229.18 square kilometres (88.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 15,907 (out of which the population of Sępólno Krajeńskie amounts to 9,258, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 6,649).

The gmina contains part of the protected area called Krajna Landscape Park.
Robert Hueter
Robert Edward Hueter is an American marine biologist and Senior Scientist Emeritus at Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida. Previously, he was Director of the Center for Shark Research at Mote. More recently he served as Chief Scientist and then Senior Science Advisor for OCEARCH. He primarily studies sharks and has authored over 200 papers related to marine biology.

Perry Webster Gilbert
Perry Webster Gilbert (December 1, 1912 – October 15, 2000) was a professor at Cornell University, shark scientist, and former Director of Mote Marine Laboratory. He pioneered the capture and study of live sharks and for several decades was considered one of the world's foremost experts on shark anatomy and behavior. Over the course of his life, Gilbert published two books and approximately 150 scientific papers. As a recipient of both Carnegie and Guggenheim Fellowships and chair of the American Institute of Biological Sciences' Shark Research Panel, Gilbert travelled the world to better learn and understand shark behavior.
Lissodus
Lissodus is an extinct genus of hybodont. While fossils attributed to this genus are known spanning from the latest Devonian (Famennian) to the very end of the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), others consider the genus to have a more narrow range, spanning from the Early Triassic to the end of the Early Cretaceous (Albian). Lissodus is often placed in the family Lonchidiidae, though other authors consider it incertae sedis within Hybodontiformes. Lonchidion has often been regarded as synonymous, but many recent authors consider it to be a distinct but closely related genus. Some authors have proposed that Lissodus is not a valid genus, and that its teeth instead represent a morphological type present among many juvenile hybodonts but that is later lost in adults.

Hybodontiformes
Hybodontiformes, commonly called hybodonts, are an extinct group of shark-like cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyans) which existed from the late Devonian to the Late Cretaceous. Hybodonts share a close common ancestry with modern sharks and rays (Neoselachii) as part of the clade Euselachii. They are distinguished from other chondrichthyans by their distinctive fin spines and cephalic spines present on the heads of males. An ecologically diverse group, they were abundant in marine and freshwater environments during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic, but were rare in open marine environments by the end of the Jurassic, having been largely replaced by modern sharks, though they were still common in freshwater and marginal marine habitats. They survived until the end of the Cretaceous, before going extinct.
Dorothy McGuire
Dorothy Hackett McGuire (June 14, 1916 – September 13, 2001) was an American actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Gentleman's Agreement (1947) and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actress for Friendly Persuasion (1956). She starred as the mother in the popular films Old Yeller (1957) and Swiss Family Robinson (1960).

The United States Steel Hour
The United States Steel Hour is an anthology series which brought hour-long dramas to television from 1953 to 1963. The television series and the radio program that preceded it were both sponsored by the United States Steel Corporation (U.S. Steel).
Montcalm, West Virginia
Montcalm is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 575 at the 2020 census, down from 726 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA micropolitan area which has a population of 107,342. Residents of Montcalm are called Montcalmers.

Bluefield micropolitan area
The Bluefield Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties – one in West Virginia and one in Virginia – anchored by the town of Bluefield, West Virginia.

As of the 2010 census, the μSA had a population of 107,342.
Himmelpforten (Samtgemeinde)
Himmelpforten is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Himmelpforten. It was disbanded on 1 January 2014, when it was merged with the Samtgemeinde Oldendorf to form the new Samtgemeinde Oldendorf-Himmelpforten.

The Samtgemeinde Himmelpforten consisted of the following municipalities:

Düdenbüttel

Engelschoff

Großenwörden

Hammah

Himmelpforten

Oldendorf (Samtgemeinde)
Oldendorf is a former Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Oldendorf. It was disbanded on 1 January 2014, when it was merged with the Samtgemeinde Himmelpforten to form the new Samtgemeinde Oldendorf-Himmelpforten. The Samtgemeinde of Oldendorf consisted of the following municipalities:

Burweg

Estorf

Heinbockel

Kranenburg

Oldendorf
2016 Orange County Breakers season
The 2016 Orange County Breakers season was the 14th season of the franchise in World TeamTennis (WTT) and its 12th season in Orange County, California, the first after returning from playing two seasons in Greater Austin, Texas as the Austin Aces.

The Breakers finished second in WTT with 8 wins and 4 losses and lost in the WTT Finals to the San Diego Aviators, 25–14 in extended play. The Breakers were led by WTT Female Most Valuable Player Nicole Gibbs.

Nicole Gibbs
Nicole Gibbs (born March 3, 1993) is an American former professional tennis player.

She won seven singles and five doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. On 25 July 2016, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 68. On 19 September 2016, she peaked at No. 107 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Gibbs graduated in 2010 from Crossroads School in Santa Monica, California, and from Stanford University in 2014.
Quillen's lemma
In algebra, Quillen's lemma states that an endomorphism of a simple module over the enveloping algebra of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field k is algebraic over k. In contrast to a version of Schur's lemma due to Dixmier, it does not require k to be uncountable.  Quillen's original short proof uses generic flatness.

Schur's lemma
In mathematics, Schur's lemma is an elementary but extremely useful statement in representation theory of groups and algebras. In the group case it says that if M and N are two finite-dimensional irreducible representations  
of a group G and φ is a linear map from M to N that commutes with the action of the group, then either φ is invertible, or φ = 0. An important special case occurs when M = N, i.e. φ is a self-map; in particular, for representations  over an algebraically closed field (e.g. ), any element of the center of a group must act as a scalar operator (a scalar multiple of the identity) on M. The lemma is named after Issai Schur who used it to prove the Schur orthogonality relations and develop the basics of the representation theory of finite groups. Schur's lemma admits generalisations to Lie groups and Lie algebras, the most common of which are due to Jacques Dixmier and Daniel Quillen.
Renner, South Dakota
Renner is an unincorporated community in Minnehaha County in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Renner has been assigned the ZIP code of 57055. The demographics of Renner are not listed separately by the United States Census Bureau, but are included within those of Mapleton Township. As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,099 people residing in the township.

Renner lies just north of Sioux Falls on South Dakota Highway 115. It lies in the valley of the Big Sioux River on a line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, now owned by the state of South Dakota and operated by D&I Railroad.

After completing the first non-stop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927, Charles Lindbergh made a stop in Renner on August 27, 1927. Contemporary estimates reported that between thirty and forty thousand people came to Renner to welcome him.

Minnehaha County, South Dakota
Minnehaha County is a county on the eastern border of the state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 197,214, making it the state's most populous county, and was estimated to be 208,639 in 2024. It contains over 22.56% of the state's population. Its county seat is Sioux Falls, South Dakota's most populous city. The county was created on April 5, 1862 and organized in 1868. Its name was derived from the Sioux  word Mnihaha, meaning "rapid water," or "waterfall" (often incorrectly translated as "laughing water").

Minnehaha County is part of the Sioux Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, the state's largest.
Stanley Jungleib
Stanley Jungleib (born Stanley Young, May 15, 1953) is an American musician, philosopher, author, inventor, and entrepreneur. He is best known for wide-reaching influence in digital music and synthesizer design. Most notably his commitment to software techniques liberated digital audio from the desktop computer, enabling broad applications ranging from game platforms and laptops to cell phones and other miniature devices. Currently he is expanding the field of psychoenergetic computing and writes on philosophy, music, technology, communications, and politics.

Seer Systems
Seer Systems developed the world's first commercial software synthesizer in the early 1990s. Working in conjunction with Intel, then Creative Labs, and finally as an independent software developer and retailer, Seer helped lay the groundwork for a major shift in synthesis technology: using personal computers, rather than dedicated synthesizer keyboards, to create music.