hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cascade School District (Oregon)
Cascade School District #5 (Cascade SD 5) is a public school district in Oregon, based in an unincorporated area with a Turner postal address. The school district administration is on the same property as Cascade Junior High School and Cascade High School.

The district's service area includes Turner, Aumsville, Marion, and a small portion of Salem.

It includes five schools, the three elementary schools Turner elementary, Aumsville elementary, and Cloverdale elementary. Then all the elementary schools merge at Cascade Junior High which those students go to the larger Cascade High. The Senior high has a symphonic, marching, and jazz band. The junior high has a beginning and 7th/8th grade band.

Turner, Oregon
Turner is a city in Marion County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,454 at the 2020 census, up from 1,854 in 2010. It is part of the Salem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The community was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on February 10, 1905.

Since 1971, it is the location of the Enchanted Forest amusement park.
Avlamè
Avlamè is an arrondissement in the Zou department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Zogbodomey. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 7,109.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Mary International Airport
Mary International Airport is the third largest international airport in Turkmenistan. In March 2009, the airport was expanded with a new terminal and opened a US$5 million, two-story, 3,500-square-metre terminal and upgraded its status from provincial to international airport. The airport is located 6 km north-east of the centre of Mary.

Mary, Turkmenistan
Mary (Turkmen pronunciation: [mɑˈɾɯ]) is a city on an oasis in the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan, located on the Murgab River. It was founded in 1884 about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the ruins of the ancient abandoned great city of Merv and was actually named Merv until 1937.

Mary is the capital city of Mary Region. In 2022, Mary had a population of 167,027, up from 92,000 in the 1989 census.
Lemmer (whaling)
A lemmer is the person who dismembers a whale separating the meat, flippers, and bones in the butchering process after it has been stripped of blubber by a flenser. The lemmer removes the meat from the bones so it can be boiled to remove the whale oil. The word lemmer is from the Norwegian language word lemme, meaning dismember. On boats, the lemmer men separated the meat from the bones on the lemmer deck where the carcass was pulled.

Flensing
Flensing is the removing of the blubber or outer integument of whales, separating it from the animal's meat. Processing the blubber (the subcutaneous fat) into whale oil was the key step that transformed a whale carcass into a stable, transportable commodity. It was an important part of the history of whaling. The whaling that still continues in the 21st century is both industrial and aboriginal. In aboriginal whaling the blubber is rarely rendered into oil, although it may be eaten as muktuk.
Thai Royal Guards parade
The Thai Royal Guards parade, also known as Trooping the Colour, occurs every December 2 since 1953, in celebration of the birthday of the King of Thailand, during which the King's Guard of the Royal Thai Armed Forces perform a military parade and pledge loyalty to the monarch. The venue is the Royal Plaza at Bangkok, Thailand, in front of the Dusit Palace and its Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall.

Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of Thailand (formerly Siam). The king of Thailand (Thai: พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย, historically, king of Siam; Thai: พระเจ้ากรุงสยาม) is the head of state and head of the ruling Chakri dynasty.

Although the current Chakri dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots in the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless socialist-leaning Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. 
The king of Thailand is head of state, Highest Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, adherent of Buddhism and upholder of religions.
Nd:YAG laser
Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, neodymium in the +3 oxidation state, Nd(III),  typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size. It is the neodymium ion which provides the lasing activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as the red chromium ion in ruby lasers.

Laser operation of Nd:YAG was first demonstrated by Joseph E. Geusic et al. at Bell Laboratories in 1964. Geusic and LeGrand Van Uitert received the Optical Society of America's R. W. Wood Prize in 1993 "for the discovery of the Nd:YAG laser and the demonstration of its usefulness as a practical solid state laser source".

Laser pumping
Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When for a period of time the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground state or a less-excited state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier. The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser.

The pump energy is usually provided in the form of light or electric current, but more exotic sources have been used, such as chemical or nuclear reactions.
Raïs Hamidou
Hamidou ben Ali, known as Raïs Hamidou (Arabic: الرايس حميدو), or Amidon in American literature (c. 1770 – June 17, 1815), was an Algerian corsair. He captured up to 200 ships during his career. Hamidou ensured the prosperity of the Deylik of Algiers, and gave it its last glory before the French invasion.

Battle off Cape Gata
The Battle off Cape Gata, which took place June 17, 1815, off the south-east coast of Spain, was the first battle of the Second Barbary War. A squadron of U.S. vessels, under the command of Stephen Decatur Jr., met and engaged the flagship of the Algerine Navy, the frigate Meshuda under Admiral Hamidou. After a sharp action, Decatur's squadron captured the Algerine frigate and won a decisive victory over the Algerines.
Contra Costa County, California
Contra Costa County (/ˌkɒntrə ˈkɒstə/ ⓘ; Contra Costa, Spanish for 'Opposite Coast') is a county located in the U.S. state of California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 1,165,927. The county seat is Martinez. It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area and is primarily suburban. The county's name refers to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco. Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Mount Diablo
Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range, in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California. It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville. It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet (1,173 meters), visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area. Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks. The largest and closest is North Peak, the other half of the double pyramid, which is nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet (1,084 m), and is about one mile (1.6 kilometers) northeast of the main summit.

The mountain is within the boundaries of Mount Diablo State Park, which is administered by California State Parks.
Chomsurang Upatham School
Chomsurang Upatham School is a high school for girls in Ayutthaya province, Thailand established in 1919 under Royal patronage. It was the first school in Thailand to be established solely for the education of girls.

Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province
Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, or locally and simply  Ayutthaya (historically Iudea, Iudiad, Iudia, Juthia or Judia), is one of the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Ang Thong, Lopburi, Saraburi, Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, Nakhon Pathom and Suphan Buri.
Western Division, Royal Artillery
The Western Division, Royal Artillery, was an administrative grouping of garrison units of the Royal Artillery, Artillery Militia and Artillery Volunteers within the British Army's Western District from 1882 to 1902.

Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery
The Tynemouth Volunteer Artillery claims to be the oldest volunteer artillery unit of the British Army. It served coastal and siege guns in World War I and World War II, and also served in the infantry role.
Brian Williams
Brian Douglas Williams (born May 5, 1959) is an American journalist and television news anchor. He was a correspondent for NBC Nightly News starting in 1993, before his promotion to anchor and managing editor of the broadcast in December 2004.

In February 2015, Williams was suspended by NBC News for six months for "misrepresent[ing] events which occurred while he was covering the Iraq War in 2003". Four months after the incident came to light, the network removed him from NBC Nightly News permanently and reassigned (demoted) him as the breaking news anchor for MSNBC.

In September 2016, Williams became the host of MSNBC's political news show, The 11th Hour. Williams announced in November 2021 that he would be leaving MSNBC and NBC News at the completion of his contract the following month, when he hosted his final episode of The 11th Hour.

On October 17, 2024, Williams was announced as the host for Election Night coverage for Amazon.

WCAU
WCAU (channel 10) is a television station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, serving the Delaware Valley. It is owned and operated by the NBC television network through its NBC Owned Television Stations division.

Under common ownership with Mount Laurel, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo outlet WWSI (channel 62) and regional sports network NBC Sports Philadelphia, both WCAU and WWSI share studios in the Comcast Technology Center on Arch Street in Center City, with some operations remaining at their former main studio at the corner of City Avenue and Monument Road in Bala Cynwyd. The stations broadcast from the same transmitter in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia.
Manikonda
Manikonda is a commercial hub and a residential neighbourhood in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.  This suburb has boomed in recent years due to the presence of leading software company headquarters in the area as well as Lanco hills, a luxury hi-rise residential project, and an upcoming Chitrapuri Colony residential layout for Telugu cinema workers.

Khajaguda
Khajaguda is a major commercial and residential area in Hyderabad, Telangana, in the suburb of Gachibowli. It is in the vicinity of Financial district, Gachibowli and HITEC City. Several residential apartments like Jains Carlton Creek, ASBL Lakeside, IT HEIGHTS, Niharika Interlake, Niharika Lakefront are situated in Khajaguda.
Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) is a body of independent human rights experts that investigate cases of arbitrary arrest and detention. Arbitrary arrest and detention is the imprisonment or detainment of an individual, by a State, without respect for due process. These actions may be in violation of international human rights law.

The Working Group was established by resolution in 1991 by the former UN Commission on Human Rights. It is one of the thematic special procedures overseen by the United Nations Human Rights Council, and is therefore a subsidiary body of the UN.

Tayeb Benabderrahmane
Tayeb Benabderrahmane (born 1981) is a Franco-Algerian consultant, public affairs actor, and human rights claimant. He is known for a prolonged detention in Qatar (2020), a subsequent ICSID arbitration (Case ARB/22/23), and a 2025 decision by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.
Stéphane Lambiel
Stéphane Lambiel (born 2 April 1985) is a Swiss former competitive figure skater who now works as a coach and choreographer. He is a two-time (2005–2006) World champion, the 2006 Olympic silver medalist, a two-time (2005, 2007) Grand Prix Final champion, and a nine-time (2001–08, 2010) Swiss national champion. Lambiel is known for his spins and is credited with popularizing some spin positions.

Toe loop jump
The toe loop jump is the simplest of the six jumps in the sport of figure skating. It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes, who may have also invented the flip jump.

The skater skates forward on the inside edge of the blade, switches to a backward-facing position, and takes off from a back outside edge with help from the other foot's toe pick. The skater lands on the same back outside edge.

In competition, the toe loop is the most commonly performed jump and the most common second jump of a combination. The base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9.50, and the base value for a quintuple toe loop is 14.
T-Fiber
Telangana Fiber Grid or T-Fiber is a flagship program by Government of Telangana to provide high speed Internet across the state. It was expected to be completed by end of 2019. The project will help connect 23 million people with government to government, government to citizens services and the range of other applications.

Government of Telangana
The Government of Telangana is the  governing authority of the state of Telangana in India. It consists of an executive, a judiciary and a legislative.

The state government is headed by the Governor of Telangana as the nominal head of state, with a democratically elected Chief Minister as the real head of the executive. The governor who is appointed for five years appoints the chief minister and his council of ministers. Even though the governor remains the ceremonial head of the state, the day-to-day running of the government is taken care of by the chief minister and his council of ministers in whom a great deal of legislative powers are vested. The state government maintains its capital at Hyderabad and is seated at the Government Secretariat or the Sachivalayam.

The Government of Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 after bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh as part of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Yoshii, Gunma
Yoshii (吉井町, Yoshii-machi) was a town located in Tano District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

As of September 1, 2007, the town had an estimated population of 24,758 and a density of 424.30 persons per km2. The total area was 58.35 km2.

Takasaki
Takasaki (高崎市, Takasaki-shi; [takasakiɕi]) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2020, the city had an estimated population of 372,369 in 167,345 households, and a population density of 810 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 459.16 square kilometres (177.28 sq mi). Takasaki is famous as the hometown of the Daruma doll, theoretically representing the Buddhist sage Bodhidharma and in modern practice a symbol of good luck. Takasaki has been the largest city in Gunma Prefecture since 1990 after overtaking Maebashi.
Fleischer ring
Fleischer rings are pigmented rings in the peripheral cornea, resulting from iron deposition in basal epithelial cells, in the form of hemosiderin. They are usually yellowish to dark-brown, and may be complete or broken. The rings are best seen using the slit lamp under cobalt blue filter.They are named for Bruno Fleischer.

Fleischer rings are indicative of keratoconus, a degenerative corneal condition that causes the cornea to thin and change to a conic shape.

Bruno Fleischer
Bruno Otto Fleischer (2 May 1874 – 26 March 1965) was a German ophthalmologist.

Kayser–Fleischer rings and Fleischer rings are named for him, for his research into pediatric patients with neurodegenerative disorders that had ophthalmic manifestations. He was a great ophthalmologist.
Lacombe School
Lacombe School, built in 1913 in Lacombe, Louisiana as a one-story two-room schoolhouse, was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1990.  It was then the Lacombe Museum.  It is now known as the Bayou Lacombe Museum.

It is a "plain" building with a tin hipped roof.  It served as the community's only elementary school from 1913 until "well past World War II". Through 1990 the beaded board interior had retained its historic appearance, although some wall surfaces were obscured by museum exhibit boards.

It is located on property of the current Lacombe Junior High School, and is linked to that by a covered walkway.

The schoolhouse/museum is accessible by a handicapped-access ramp.

There exists a different "Lacombe Museum" in Lacombe, Alberta, Canada.

Two-room school
A two-room schoolhouse is a larger version of the one-room schoolhouse, with many of the same characteristics, providing the facility for primary and secondary education in a small community or rural area. While providing the same function as a contemporary primary school or secondary school building, a small multi-room school house is more similar to a one-room schoolhouse, both being architecturally very simple structures. While once very common in rural areas of many countries, one and two-room schools have largely been replaced although some are still operating. Having a second classroom allowed for two teachers to operate at the school, serving a larger number of schoolchildren and/or more grade levels.  Architecturally, they could be slightly more complex, but were still usually very simple. In some areas, a two-room school indicated the village or town was more prosperous.
Read's Department Stores
Read's Department Stores was a Bridgeport, Connecticut-based retail chain founded in 1857 by D. M. Read. Known for its classy, upscale merchandise, the flagship store was once hailed as New England's largest department store. It expanded to several other locations in the 1950s and 1960s, but these closed progressively through the 1980s and 1990s.

The Flagship Bridgeport store closed in 1981 when Read's moved to a new location a few blocks away. The former location was later extensively renovated and reopened as  Read's Artspace, also known as the Sterling Market Lofts building.

Trumbull Mall
Trumbull Mall (formerly known as Westfield Trumbull, Westfield Shoppingtown Trumbull, and Trumbull Shopping Park) is a shopping mall located in Trumbull, Connecticut. It was the first enclosed shopping mall in Connecticut upon opening in 1964. The mall was developed by the Frogue Corporation, and was the first U.S. acquisition by Australian mall operator Westfield Group in 1977. Ownership and management were transferred to the Westfield Corporation in 2014, and to Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield in 2018. It has 1,130,690 square feet (105,045 m2) of gross area. In early 2023, the mall was sold to Namdar Realty Group and Mason Asset Management. In June 2025, Namdar and Mason defaulted on a $152.3 million loan and sold management of the mall to Centennial Real Estate. The mall is anchored by Macy's, JCPenney, and Target.
Diocese of Santa Rosa in California
The Diocese of Santa Rosa in California (Latin: Diœcesis Sanctae Rosae in California) is a Latin Church diocese, or ecclesiastical territory, of the Catholic Church in the northern California region of the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco.

The mother church of the Diocese of Santa Rosa in California is the Cathedral of Saint Eugene in Santa Rosa As of 2023, the current bishop is Robert Vasa.

Daniel F. Walsh
Daniel Francis Walsh (born October 2, 1937) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Walsh first served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Francisco in California from 1981 to 1987, then as bishop of the Diocese of Reno-Las Vegas in Nevada from 1987 to 1995. With the creation of the Diocese of Las Vegas, Walsh served there as bishop from 1995 to 2000. Walsh then served as bishop of the Diocese of Santa Rosa in California from 2000 to 2011.
Abrupt Island
Abrupt Island, also known as Brattöy, is an island 0.8 kilometres (0.5 mi) across, lying 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) east of Lang Island, east of the Øygarden Group and Edward VIII Bay. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and called Brattoy ("abrupt island"). The Norwegian name was translated by ANCA following a 1954 ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) survey of the area.

Lang Island (Antarctica)
Lang Island is an island 2 kilometres (1 nmi) long and 0.7 kilometres (0.4 nmi) wide, lying midway between Abrupt Island and the Oygarden Group. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and called by them Langøy (long island).  Named for the Australian adventurer and explorer Pierce Lang.
Goongoongup Bridge
Goongoongup Bridge is a railway bridge in East Perth, Western Australia which crosses the Swan River and forms part of the Armadale line. It opened on 24 July 1995 as part of the electrification of Perth's suburban railway network. The name is derived from the Nyungar word for the Claisebrook area.

Goongoongup Bridge replaced the 1932 built timber Bunbury Bridge which was demolished in 1996. It had replaced the original 1893 structure that was damaged by floods.

The double-track concrete bridge is 407 metres (1,335 ft) long and is supported by eight piers. A dual-use pedestrian/cycle pathway is beneath the main deck.

A six-lane road bridge Windan Bridge opened in 2000 and is situated parallel and 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) upstream from Goongoongup Bridge.

East Perth, Western Australia
East Perth is an inner suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located next to the Perth central business district.  Claise Brook and Claisebrook Cove are within the suburb. Formerly characterised by industrial land uses and urban blight, the redevelopment of East Perth was, and remains, the largest inner-city urban renewal project in the state. The design of the new residential neighbourhoods was strongly influenced by the new urbanism movement.
Yeshurun Central Synagogue
The Yeshurun Central Synagogue (Hebrew: בית הכנסת המרכזי ישורון) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Biluim Street, in Gedera, Israel. It was the first synagogue to be built in the town, completed during the time of the Biluim, forerunners of the kibbutz movement 1882 from the Russian Empire. Before the synagogue was built, the first settlers used a shack as a synagogue. The current synagogue was built in 1912 on the same exact location of the former shack.

Gedera
Gedera, less commonly known as Gdera (Hebrew: גְּדֵרָה), is a town in the southern part of the Shfela region in the Central District of Israel founded in 1884. It is 13 kilometres (8 miles) south of Rehovot. In 2023 it had a population of 30,685.