hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earls High School
The Earls High School is a secondary school with academy status on Furnace Lane near the A458 in Halesowen, West Midlands. Established in 1652 and formerly Halesowen Grammar School, it also incorporates the former Halesowen Technical School.

Halesowen
Halesowen (/heɪlzˈoʊ.ɪn/ haylz-OH-in) is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of the West Midlands, England.

Historically an exclave of Shropshire and, from 1844, in Worcestershire, the town is around 7 miles (11 km) from Birmingham city centre, and 6 miles (10 km) from Dudley town centre. The population at the 2011 Census, was 58,135. Halesowen is in the Halesowen parliamentary constituency.
RDX
RDX (Research Department Explosive or Royal Demolition Explosive), or hexogen, also known by other names, is an organic compound with the formula (CH2N2O2)3. It is white, odorless, tasteless, and widely used as an explosive. Chemically, it is classified as a nitroamine alongside HMX, which is a more energetic explosive than trinitrotoluene (TNT). It was used widely in World War II and remains common in military applications.  It is lower performing and more toxic than modern replacements like TKX-50.

RDX is often used in mixtures with other explosives and plasticizers or phlegmatizers (desensitizers); it is the explosive agent in C-4 plastic explosive and a key ingredient in Semtex. It is stable in storage and is considered one of the most energetic and brisant of the military high explosives, with a relative effectiveness factor of 1.60.

Eastman Chemical Company
Eastman Chemical Company is an American chemical products manufacturer based in Kingsport, Tennessee. Founded in 1920, it was formerly a subsidiary of Kodak until 1994. The company is an independent global specialty materials company that produces a broad range of advanced materials, chemicals and fibers for everyday purposes. It operates 36 manufacturing sites worldwide and employs approximately 14,000 people. In 2023, Eastman had sales revenue of approximately $9.21 billion.
George Rogers Park
George Rogers Park is a 26-acre (11 ha) public park at intersection of Ladd and South State streets in Lake Oswego, Oregon. This park contains two baseball fields, a soccer field, access to the Willamette River, a memorial garden area, restrooms, a playground, and two outdoor tennis courts. The park also features the Oregon Iron Company Furnace, which was placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the Department of the Interior. The park is named after George Rogers—a City Councilman—in appreciation for his devoted efforts to develop and maintain the grounds.

Lake Oswego, Oregon
Lake Oswego (/ɒsˈwiːɡoʊ/ oss-WEE-goh) is a city in the U.S. state of Oregon, primarily in Clackamas County, with small portions extending into neighboring Multnomah and Washington counties. Population in 2020 was 40,731, an 11.2% increase since 2010, making it the 11th most populous city in Oregon. Located about 7 miles (11 km) south of Portland and surrounding the 405-acre (164 ha) Oswego Lake, the town was founded in 1847 and incorporated as Oswego in 1910. The city was the hub of Oregon's brief iron industry in the late 19th century, and is today a suburb of Portland.
Johnson South Reef skirmish
The Johnson South Reef skirmish took place on 14 March 1988 between military forces of China and Vietnam, on the Johnson South Reef in the Union Banks region of the Spratly Islands, in the South China Sea.

BNS Osman
BNS Osman was a modified Type 053H frigate of the Bangladesh Navy, bought in 1988 from China. She was the first guided missile frigate to enter service with the Bangladesh Navy.It was named in honor of the third Rashidun Caliph, Hazrat Osman (RA).
Jerome B. Robertson
Jerome Bonaparte Robertson (March 14, 1815 – January 7, 1890) was a doctor, soldier, and politician who served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was noted for his service in the famed Texas Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia.

Texas Brigade
The Texas Brigade (also known as Hood's Brigade) was an infantry formation of the Confederate Army that distinguished itself in the American Civil War. Along with the Stonewall Brigade, they were considered the Army of Northern Virginia's shock troops. It fought in every major battle of the Eastern Theater except Chancellorsville.
Puerto Rico Highway 8
Puerto Rico Highway 8 (PR-8) is a main highway that serves as a third route from San Juan, Puerto Rico to Carolina, Puerto Rico; the others being PR-3 and PR-26. It is, still, a highly congested highway, noticeable when congestion jams are found on PR-17, where PR-8 begins, and it continues to PR-3. The first kilometers of PR-8 (east of PR-17) were known before as Puerto Rico Highway 4, but the Department of Transportation renumbered the entire highway PR-8 and there is no longer a PR-4. It ends at PR-3 near Carolina with a length of about 4.0 kilometers (2.5 mi).

Puerto Rico Highway 17
Puerto Rico Highway 17 (PR-17) is a main highway located in Carolina, San Juan and Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. It begins at PR-20 near its terminus with PR-2, and ends in the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport in Carolina. It is known as Jesús T. Piñero Avenue along its entire length.
Dāyabhāga
The Dāyabhāga is a Hindu law treatise written by Jīmūtavāhana which primarily focuses on inheritance procedure. The Dāyabhāga was the strongest authority in Modern British Indian courts in the Bengal region of India, although this has changed due to the passage of the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 and subsequent revisions to the act. Based on Jīmūtavāhana's criticisms of the Mitākṣarā, it is thought that his work is preceded by the Mitākṣarā. This has led many scholars to conclude that the Mitākṣarā represents the orthodox doctrine of Hindu law, while the Dāyabhāga represents the reformed version.

The central difference between the texts is based upon when one becomes the owner of property. The Dāyabhāga does not give the sons a right to their father's ancestral property until after his death, unlike Mitākṣarā, which gives the sons the right to ancestral property upon their birth. The digest has been commented on more than a dozen times.

Jimutavahana
Jīmūtavāhana (c. 12th century) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar and writer of legal and religious treatises on Vaishnavism of early medieval period. He was the earliest writer on smriti (law) from Bengal whose texts are extant.
"Prostherapis" dunni
"Prostherapis" dunni is a species of frog endemic to the Venezuelan Coastal Range. Its taxonomic position is uncertain, apart from its placement in the family Aromobatidae; it might be an Aromobates.

Its natural habitats are seasonal montane forests. It was once relatively common but as of 2006, no extant populations in the wild were known, even in suitable habitat. The precise reasons of the decline are not known, but similar declines have been caused by chytridiomycosis. Habitat loss has also occurred.

Aromobatidae
The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America. They are sometimes referred to as cryptic forest frogs or cryptic poison frogs. They are the sister taxon of the Dendrobatidae, the poison dart frogs, but are not as toxic as most dendrobatids are.
Tobi 21
Tobi 20 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 22

The twenty-first day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 16, of the Julian calendar, and January 29, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.

Tobi 22
Tobi 21 – Coptic calendar – Tobi 23

The twenty-second day of the Coptic month of Tobi, the fifth month of the Coptic year. On a common year, this day corresponds to January 17, of the Julian calendar, and January 30, of the Gregorian calendar. This day falls in the Coptic season of Shemu, the season of the Harvest.
Aurora, Elgin and Fox River Electric Company
The Aurora, Elgin & Fox River Electric (AE&FRE), was an interurban railroad that operated freight and passenger service on its line paralleling the Fox River. It served the communities of Carpentersville, Dundee, Elgin, South Elgin, St. Charles,  Geneva, Batavia, North Aurora, Aurora, Montgomery, and Yorkville in Illinois. It also operated local streetcar lines in both Aurora and Elgin.

Elgin, Illinois
Elgin (/ˈɛldʒɪn/ EL-jin) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 114,797, making it the sixth-most populous city in the state.
Parque das Nações
The Parque das Nações (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpaɾkɨ ðɐʒ nɐˈsõjʃ]; Park of the Nations), colloquially known as Expo (as the site of the 1998 Lisbon World Exposition), is a freguesia (civil parish) and typical quarter of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal. Located in eastern Lisbon, Parque das Nações is to the east of Olivais, northeast of Marvila, and directly south of Lisbon's border with Loures. The population in 2021 was 22,382.

MEO Arena
MEO Arena (formerly Altice Arena; also referred to by its former name, Pavilhão Atlântico) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Lisbon, Portugal. The arena is among the largest indoor arenas in Europe and the largest in Portugal with a capacity of 20,000 people and was built in 1998 for Expo '98.
Tottori College
Tottori College (鳥取短期大学, Tottori tanki daigaku) is a private junior college in Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan. Founded in 1971 as a junior women's college, it became coeducational in 2001. The nickname of the school is Toritan.

Kurayoshi, Tottori
Kurayoshi (倉吉市, Kurayoshi-shi) is a city located in the central part of Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 December 2021, the city had an estimated population of 44,969 in 20,609 households and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 272.06 square kilometres (105.04 sq mi).
August Becker
August Becker (17 August 1900 – 31 December 1967) was a mid-ranking functionary in the SS of Nazi Germany and chemist in the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). He helped design the vans with a gas chamber built into the back compartment used in early Nazi mass murder of disabled people, political dissidents, Jews, and other "racial enemies", including Action T4 as well as the Einsatzgruppen (mobile Nazi death squads) in the Nazi-occupied portions of the Soviet Union. Generally his role was to provide important technical support, but on at least one occasion he personally gassed about 20 people.

Viktor Brack
Viktor Hermann Brack (9 November 1904 – 2 June 1948) was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and a convicted Nazi war criminal and one of the prominent organisers of the involuntary euthanasia programme Aktion T4; this Nazi initiative resulted in the systematic murder of 275,000 to 300,000 disabled people. He held various positions of responsibility in Hitler's Chancellery in Berlin. Following his role in the T4 programme, Brack was one of the men identified as responsible for the gassing of Jews in extermination camps, having conferred with Odilo Globočnik about its use in the practical implementation of the Final Solution. Brack was sentenced to death in 1947 in the Doctors' Trial and executed by hanging in 1948.
Yasmine Petty
Yasmine Petty is an American model. Petty mostly works as a runway and editorial fashion model in addition to having worked as an actress and photographer. Petty has modeled at international events such as New York Fashion Week and Life Ball. In 2014, Petty was featured on the fifth anniversary cover of C☆NDY magazine along with 13 other transgender women – Janet Mock, Carmen Carrera, Geena Rocero, Isis King, Gisele Alicea (Gisele Xtravaganza), Leyna Bloom, Dina Marie, Nina Poon, Juliana Huxtable, Niki M'nray, Pêche Di, Carmen Xtravaganza, and Laverne Cox. Petty studied photography at the International Center of Photography in New York City and fashion design at De Anza College in Cupertino, California.

Carmen Carrera
Carmen Carrera (born April 13, 1985) is an American reality television personality, model, burlesque performer, and actress, known for appearing on the third season of the Logo reality television series RuPaul's Drag Race, as well as its spin-off series RuPaul's Drag U. Carrera is a transgender woman and transgender rights activist.
Baryancistrus niveatus
Baryancistrus niveatus is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Xingu River, the Tapajós, the Trombetas River, and the Tocantins River in Brazil. This species is among the largest members of the genus Baryancistrus, reaching 34 cm (13.4 inches) in total length. It sometimes appears in the aquarium trade, where it is known by its L-number, L-026.

Baryancistrus
Baryancistrus is a genus of freshwater Loricariid catfish. They inhabit flowing sections of rivers, especially clearwater, in the basins of the Amazon (notably Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingu and Tocantins) and Orinoco (notably Ventuari) in Brazil and Venezuela. The largest species reach up to 34 cm (13 in) in total length.

Most Baryancistrus are differentiated from other related genera by a membrane connecting their dorsal fin and adipose fin, not present in most other genera.

The species of this genus are mainly herbivores and detritivores, but may take other foods in an aquarium setting. Most have probably not been bred in captivity. It is difficult to sex these fish, including adult specimens. These fish are mainly nocturnal, but will also emerge from their hiding places during the day, after some time getting accustomed to the aquarium. Adequate hiding places are recommended for these fish due to their primary nocturnal nature.
Villanova Monteleone
Villanova Monteleone (Sardinian: Biddanòa) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about 150 kilometres (93 mi) northwest of Cagliari and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Sassari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,528 and an area of 202.2 square kilometres (78.1 sq mi).

Villanova Monteleone borders the following municipalities: Alghero, Bosa, Ittiri, Monteleone Rocca Doria, Montresta, Padria, Putifigari, Romana, Thiesi.

Alghero
Alghero (Italian: [alˈɡɛːro]; Algherese: L'Alguer [lalˈɣe]; Sardinian: S'Alighera [saliˈɣɛɾa]; Sassarese: L'Aliera [laˈljɛːɾa]) is a city and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Sassari in the north west of the autonomous island region of Sardinia in Italy, next to the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of 41,989, it is the 5th-largest city in Sardinia.

The population is noted for having retained the language of the Crown of Aragon rulers from the end of the Middle Ages, when Sardinia was part of the Crown of Aragon; hence, Algherese (the Catalan dialect spoken there) is officially recognized as a minority language.

Alghero is the third university center in the island, coming after Cagliari and Sassari. It hosts the headquarters of the Università degli Studi di Sassari's Architecture and Design department.
Mercator School of Management
The Mercator School of Management  (MSM) refers to the faculty of business administration of the University of Duisburg-Essen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The Mercator School of Management is a classic business school located in Duisburg. It involves twenty-eight chairs, sixteen of them in different business administration and management disciplines, twelve of them in economics and other fields. The Chair of Internal Auditing is unique in Germany: "In December 2016, he [Univ.-Prof. Dr. Marc Eulerich] received a full professorship at the Chair of Internal Auditing, which is the only university chair in Germany with an explicit focus on Internal Auditing in both research and teaching."
Each of the three pillars of the MSM combines four of those chairs in a research department.

University of Duisburg-Essen
The University of Duisburg-Essen (German: Universität Duisburg-Essen) is a public research university in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In the 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the university was awarded 194th place in the world. It was originally founded in 1654 and re-established on 1 January 2003, as a merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the university of Essen. It is based in both the cities of Duisburg and Essen, and a part of University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr.

With its 12 departments and around 40,000 students, the University of Duisburg-Essen is among the 10 largest German universities. Since 2014, research income has risen by 150 percent. Natural science and engineering are ranked within the top 10 in Germany, and the humanities are within the top 20 to 30. Especially, the physics field is ranked in the top 1 in Germany.
Nick Hornby
Nicholas Peter John Hornby (born 17 April 1957) is an English writer. He is best known for his memoir Fever Pitch (1992) and novels High Fidelity (1995) and About a Boy (1998), all of which were adapted into feature films. Hornby's work frequently touches upon music, sport, and the aimless and obsessive natures of his protagonists. His books have sold more than 5 million copies worldwide as of 2018. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, Hornby was named the 29th most influential person in British culture. He has received two Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay nominations for An Education (2009), and Brooklyn (2015).

A Long Way Down (film)
A Long Way Down (originally titled Up & Down) is a 2014 black comedy film directed by Pascal Chaumeil, loosely based on author Nick Hornby's 2005 novel of the same name. It stars Pierce Brosnan, Toni Collette, Imogen Poots, and Aaron Paul.

The plot centres around four strangers who meet on the roof of a London building on New Year's Eve, each with the intent of committing suicide. Their plans for death in solitude are ruined when they meet as they decide to come down from the roof alive, however temporary that may be.

The film received mostly negative reviews, with criticism of the source material and the film's cast.
Penn State York
Penn State York is a commonwealth campus of Pennsylvania State University located in York County, PA in Spring Garden Township. In May 2025 Penn State officials announced it would close after the Spring 2027 semester, citing low enrollment and financial losses.

The York campus was established in 1939 to provide technical education and to allow students to complete basic degree requirements in their home area before transferring to University Park to finish their program. In 1953, the school began to offer its first complete associate degree programs. It moved to its present location in 1956.

It enrolled 742 students as of 2021. As of 2025, Penn State York remains a suburban commuter-campus and occupies 51 acres (210,000 m2). The campus offers 12 baccalaureate degrees, 8 minors, 5 associate-level degrees,  a Master of Education in Teaching and Curriculum, an English as a Second Language Program Specialist Certificate, a Directors Credential, and two 1-credit graduate level courses.

Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses
The Pennsylvania State University is a geographically-dispersed university with campuses located throughout Pennsylvania. While the administrative hub of the university is located at its flagship campus in Penn State University Park, the 19 additional Commonwealth Campuses together enroll 37 percent of Penn State's undergraduate student population.
Striped panchax
The striped panchax (Aplocheilus lineatus) is a species of killifish, of the genus Aplocheilus. An aquarium variant of this species with a more yellowish coloration is known as golden wonder killifish. The striped panchax inhabits fresh and brackish waters of India and Sri Lanka. It is found in streams, rivers, swamps, and paddy fields. In the wild it feeds on insects, crustaceans, and even small fishes. It grows to a length of 10 cm (4 in). Most male A.  lineatus measure around 7 centimetres (3 in), but the fish can grow up to 10 centimetres (4 in) under excellent conditions, especially if brought to the end of its life expectancy, around six years. It possesses a parietal eye which permits it to see prey insects and predators above it on the surface. A. lineatus can jump very well.

Aplocheilus
Aplocheilus is a genus of killifish in the family Aplocheilidae. Their native range is in South and Southeast Asia, from India to Vietnam and Malaysia, and from Nepal to Sri Lanka. Several species, especially the striped panchax, A. lineatus, are important aquarium fishes.
Pro–Republic of China sentiment
Pro–Republic of China (Chinese: 親中華民國; Wade–Giles: chʻin1 Chung1hua2 Min2kuo2) or simply pro-ROC is a political alignment that supports the Republic of China (ROC) in terms of politics, economy, society, and culture.

Pro-ROC is sometimes synonymous with pro-Taiwan in context. However, "pro-Taiwan" has more to do with the pro-independence Pan-Green Coalition, which focuses on regionalist Taiwanese identity, and "pro-ROC" has more to do with the Pan-Blue Coalition, which opposes Taiwanese independence and advocates for the identity of the Republic of China.

Pan-Blue Coalition
The Pan-Blue Coalition, Pan-Blue force, or Pan-Blue group is a political coalition in the Republic of China (Taiwan) consisting of the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), the New Party (CNP), the Non-Partisan Solidarity Union (NPSU), and the Young China Party (YCP). The name comes from the party color of the Kuomintang.

Regarding the political status of Taiwan, the coalition primarily maintains that the Republic of China instead of the People's Republic of China is the legitimate government of China. It also favors a Chinese and Taiwanese dual identity over an exclusive Taiwanese identity and backs greater friendly exchange with mainland China, as opposed to the Pan-Green Coalition which opposes Chinese identity in Taiwan.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. It recognizes a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, video and other online material, and may be presented in print or online or both.

The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917, but no award was given that year. It is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win.

As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists. Finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award.

The Charlotte Observer
The Charlotte Observer is an American newspaper serving Charlotte, North Carolina, and its metro area. The Observer was founded in 1886. As of 2020, it has the second-largest circulation of any newspaper in the Carolinas. It is owned by The McClatchy Company.
Man Kam To Control Point
Man Kam To Control Point (Chinese: 文錦渡管制站) is a border control point in Man Kam To, New Territories, Hong Kong, within the Closed Area on the border with Shenzhen, Guangdong. It was the first vehicular clearance border crossing in Hong Kong. Its counterpart across the border is the Wenjindu Port, located within Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province.

Until 1985, when the Sha Tau Kok border crossing opened, Man Kam To Control Point was the only vehicular link between Hong Kong and China.

Wenjindu Port
The Wenjindu Port (simplified Chinese: 文锦渡港) is a land port of China on the Sham Chun River (Shenzhen River), in Huangbei, Luohu, Shenzhen, Guangdong. Its counterpart on the opposite side of the border is the Man Kam To Control Point.

The Wenjindu neighbourhood is served by Wenjin Road, as well as Wenjin station on the Shenzhen Metro. Wenjindu Port, one of the road crossings with the New Territories of Hong Kong across the border, is located in the area.