hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rutland and Stamford
Rutland and Stamford is a county constituency comprising the area of Lincolnshire centred on the town of Stamford; the county of Rutland; and also parts of rural Leicestershire, making it a very unusual parliamentary constituency in that it spans three counties. It returns one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, using the first-past-the-post voting system. Since the 2024 general election, the Member of Parliament for Rutland and Stamford has been Alicia Kearns.

Grantham and Stamford
Grantham and Stamford was a constituency in Lincolnshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1997 to 2024.

Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished for the 2024 general election, with the majority of the electorate being included in the new seat of Grantham and Bourne. Stamford was included in the re-established Rutland and Stamford constituency.
2018 Nicky Rackard Cup
The 2018 Nicky Rackard Cup was the 14th staging of the Nicky Rackard Cup hurling championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2005. It was the fourth tier of senior inter-county hurling as of 2018.

The competition began on Saturday 12 May 2018 and ended on Saturday 23 June 2018.

Derry were the 2017 champions, beating Armagh in the final. Both teams were promoted to the 2018 Christy Ring Cup as a result of the restructuring of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Following the withdrawal of the Fingal team from the competition in 2017, there was no relegation from the 2017 competition and Warwickshire were promoted from the 2017 Lory Meagher Cup.

2018 Lory Meagher Cup
The 2018 Lory Meagher Cup was the tenth edition of the Lory Meagher Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 2009 and is the fifth-tier of Hurling for senior county teams (the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship is the first-tier trophy). It is contested by four GAA county teams ranked 32–35 in the 2018 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. The draw for the 2018 fixtures took place on 25 October 2017.

This was the first year that the Cup became the fifth tier of Hurling with the introduction of the Joe McDonagh Cup. The cup begun on 19 May 2018 and ended on 23 June 2018 with Sligo beating Lancashire at Croke Park.
Owl
Owls are birds from the order Strigiformes (/ˈstrɪdʒəfɔːrmiːz/), which includes over 200 species of mostly solitary and nocturnal birds of prey typified by an upright stance, a large, broad head, binocular vision, binaural hearing, sharp talons, and feathers adapted for silent flight. Exceptions include the diurnal northern hawk-owl and the gregarious burrowing owl.

Owls are divided into two families: the true (or typical) owl family, Strigidae, and the barn owl and bay owl family, Tytonidae. Owls hunt mostly small mammals, insects, and other birds, although a few species specialize in hunting fish. They are found in all regions of the Earth except the polar ice caps and some remote islands.

A group of owls is called a "parliament".

Long-whiskered owlet
The long-whiskered owlet (Xenoglaux loweryi) is a vulnerable species of owl in subfamily Surniinae of the "typical owls", family Strigidae. It is endemic to a small area in Amazonas and San Martín departments of northern Peru.
Colascione
The colascione (or calascione, Italian: [kolaʃˈʃoːne], French: colachon [kɔlaʃɔ̃], also sometimes known as liuto della giraffa meaning giraffe-lute, a reference to its long neck, is a plucked string instrument from the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods, with a lute-like resonant body and a very long neck. It was mainly used in southern Italy. It has two or three strings tuned in fifths.

Noteworthy are the great similarities of the colascione with instruments such as the dutar, the tanbur  or the saz. Nevertheless, there are important differences, such as the bridge being on the top of the body.

Image of Colascione from woodcut from Deutsche Fotothek

A modern reconstruction

Domenico Colla and his brother, who toured Europe in the 1760s, playing both colascione and colascioncino.

Colascione in an illustration from France, 1616.

Mandora
Mandora or Gallichon

Mandora (1726)

6~9 courses lute (Calchedon, Calichon) (1735)

Gallichon

The mandora or gallichon is a type of 18th- and early 19th-century lute, with six to nine courses of strings. The terms were interchangeable, with mandora more commonly used from the mid-18th century onwards.
Bellevue, Edinburgh
Bellevue (/ˈbɛlvjuː/ BEL-vew) is a district of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It lies to the south east of Canonmills, west of Leith Walk and south of Leith, incorporating the easternmost extent of Edinburgh's New Town UNESCO heritage site. The area was formerly open fields which became the second and penultimate location of the Royal Botanic Garden in 1763
.

New Town, Edinburgh
The New Town is a central area of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It was built in stages between 1767 and around 1850, and retains much of its original neo-classical and Georgian architecture. Its best-known street is Princes Street, facing Edinburgh Castle and the Old Town across the geological depression of the former Nor Loch. The area's New Town Gardens received a heritage designation in 2001. The combined New Town, Old Town, and West End were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
Lev HaMifratz Mall
Lev HaMifratz Mall (Hebrew: קניון לב המפרץ, Kanyon Lev HaMifratz, lit. Heart of the Bay Mall), officially branded Cinemall, is a shopping mall located in Haifa, Israel.

Lev HaMifratz has three floors of stores, a food court, an underground parking garage, and an above ground parking garage. In the past, it included an amusement park, a miniature golf course and an ice skating rink.

The area around Lev HaMifratz is also a transportation hub. Behind it is a train station, with trains to Nahariya and Tel Aviv. The entrance to the station is from the above ground parking garage. It is also adjacent to the Haifa Bay Central Bus Station, which is the main junction between the Krayot and the city of Haifa.

During construction, the mall was hit by an Iraqi Scud missile in the course of the 1991 Gulf War.

Haifa Bay central bus station
Haifa Bay central bus station (Hebrew: מרכזית המפרץ, Merkazit HaMifratz, Arabic: مركزيّة هامفراتس (شاطئ حيفا), Mirakaziyyat Hamifrats), known also as HaMifratz central bus station is the main bus station of the Haifa Bay (Mifratz Haifa) area. It is co-located with HaMifratz Central railway station and is adjacent to Lev HaMifratz Mall. It opened in 2002 (2002) and was substantially renovated and expanded in the late 2010s.
Point Park University
Point Park University is a private university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Formerly known as Point Park College, the school name was revised in 2004 to reflect the number of graduate programs being offered. In 2021, it had a total undergraduate enrollment of 2,575 students.

Downtown Pittsburgh
Downtown Pittsburgh, colloquially referred to as the Golden Triangle, and officially the Central Business District, is the urban downtown center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located at the confluence of the Allegheny River and the Monongahela River whose joining forms the Ohio River. The triangle is bounded by the two rivers.

The area features offices for major corporations such as PNC Bank, U.S. Steel, PPG, Bank of New York Mellon, Heinz, Federated Investors, and Alcoa. It is where the fortunes of such industrial barons as Andrew Carnegie, Henry Clay Frick, Henry J. Heinz, Andrew Mellon and George Westinghouse were made. It contains the site where the French fort, Fort Duquesne, once stood.
La Fortune des Rougon
La Fortune des Rougon (The Fortune of the Rougons), originally published in 1871, is the first novel in Émile Zola's monumental twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart. The novel is partly an origin story, with a large cast of characters - many of whom become the central figures of later novels in the series - and partly an account of the December 1851 coup d'état that created the French Second Empire under Napoleon III. The events are experienced through the eyes of a large provincial town in southern France. The title refers not only to the "fortune" chased by protagonists Pierre and Felicité Rougon, but also to the fortunes of the various disparate family members Zola introduces, whose lives are of central importance to later books in the series.

Les Rougon-Macquart
Les Rougon-Macquart (French pronunciation: [le ʁuɡɔ̃ makaʁ]) is a literary cycle of twenty novels by French writer Émile Zola. Subtitled Histoire naturelle et sociale d'une famille sous le Second Empire (Natural and social history of a family under the Second Empire), it follows the lives of the members of the two titular branches of a fictional family living during the Second French Empire (1852–1870) and is one of the most prominent works of the French naturalism literary movement.
Sororopán-tepui
Sororopán-tepui is a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) long ridge in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It has a maximum elevation of around 2,050 m (6,730 ft) and its densely forested slopes cover an estimated area of 30 km2 (12 sq mi). The ridge has a southwest–northeast orientation and is characterised by a steep southern face. Part of the Ptari Massif, it lies just south of Carrao-tepui and neighbouring Ptari-tepui.

Carrao-tepui
Carrao-tepui, also spelled Karrao, is a tepui in Bolívar state, Venezuela. It has a maximum elevation of around 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) and its densely forested summit plateau covers an area of 1.25 km2 (0.48 sq mi). Part of the Ptari Massif, it lies just northeast of neighbouring Ptari-tepui, with which it shares a common slope area of 28 km2 (11 sq mi), and north of the large ridge known as Sororopán-tepui.
1973–74 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The 8th World Cup season began in December 1973 and concluded in March 1974. Piero Gros of Italy won the overall title, denying the runner-up, countryman Gustav Thöni, a fourth straight overall title. Annemarie Pröll of Austria won the women's overall title, her fourth of five consecutive.

The break in the schedule was for the 1974 World Championships, held February 3–10 at St. Moritz, Switzerland.

Due to the growth of the professional skiing tour (especially in the United States), which now featured World Cup winning stars such as Jean-Claude Killy, Karl Schranz, Patrick Russel, and Jean-Noël Augert,  no World Cup races were held in North America for the first time in its history; the next time this happened was during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 2020-21 season.  Instead, the entire 1973–74 season took place in Europe.

FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1974
The FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1974 were held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, at Piz Nair from February 3 to February 10, 1974.

St. Moritz hosted again in 2003, and the event is scheduled to return in 2017. It also hosted the Winter Olympics in 1948 and 1928 (no alpine skiing).
Novate Mezzola
Novate Mezzola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Milan and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Sondrio, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,713 and an area of 99.7 square kilometres (38.5 sq mi).

Novate Mezzola borders the following municipalities: Bondo (Switzerland), Cercino, Cino, Civo, Dubino, Mello, Piuro, Prata Camportaccio, Samolaco, Sorico, Traona, Val Masino, Verceia, Villa di Chiavenna.

Prata Camportaccio
Prata Camportaccio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Milan and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Sondrio. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,758 and an area of 27.9 square kilometres (10.8 sq mi).

Prata Camportaccio borders the following municipalities: Chiavenna, Gordona, Mese, Novate Mezzola, Piuro, Samolaco.
Comuna 9
Comuna 9 is one of the 15 communes in which the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires is divided. It is made up of the neighborhoods of Liniers, Mataderos and Parque Avellaneda. It is located in the southwest of the city, has an area of 16.8 km² and a total population of 161,797 according to the 2010 census.

Communes of Buenos Aires
The city of Buenos Aires is administratively divided into fifteen comunas, unlike the Province of Buenos Aires, which is subdivided into partidos, or the rest of Argentina, in which the second-order administrative division is departamentos. Each comuna encompasses one or more neighbourhoods (barrios), which are represented in the respective community centres for administrative purposes.

The division by comunas was instituted by the 1996 Constitution of the City of Buenos Aires, and modified in 2005 by Law #1777. The law was again modified in 2008, 2011, and 2013.
Southeast Maluku Regency
Southeast Maluku Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara) is a regency of Maluku, Indonesia. It is coincident with the Kei Islands, except that the city of Tual, although within the Kei Islands geographically and the seat of the Regency's administration, is since 17 July 2007 technically independent of the Regency. The land area of the Regency is 1,031.81 km2, while the sea area administered by the Regency was 3,181 km2; it had a population of 96,442 at the 2010 Census; this increased to 121,511 at the 2020 Census, and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 129,235.

Tanimbar Islands Regency
Tanimbar Islands Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar) is a regency of Maluku province, Indonesia, consisting primarily of the Tanimbar Islands. The Regency covers a land area of 10,166.82 km2, and it had a population of 105,341 at the 2010 Census and 123,572 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 132,337 (comprising 66,317 males and 66,020 females). The principal town and administrative centre lies at Saumlaki in Tanimbar Selatan District.
Infantile esotropia
Infantile esotropia is an ocular condition of early onset in which one or either eye turns inward. It is a specific sub-type of esotropia and has been a subject of much debate amongst ophthalmologists with regard to its naming, diagnostic features, and treatment.

Strabismus surgery
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ophthalmologist. The patient spends only a few hours in the hospital with minimal preoperative preparation. After surgery, the patient should expect soreness and redness but is generally free to return home.
Adolf Ebert
Georg Karl Wilhelm Adolf Ebert (1 June 1820, in Kassel – 1 July 1890, in Leipzig) was a Romance philologist and literary historian. He was an author of literary studies as well as a publisher of periodicals, including the Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur.

Ebert studied in Marburg, Leipzig, Göttingen, and Berlin between 1840 and 1843, was appointed as professor at the University of Marburg, and in 1862 came to occupy the newly founded chair of Romance philology at the University of Leipzig. With Ferdinand Wolf he founded and edited the Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, until 1863, when it was taken over by Ludwig Lemcke.

He was the author of the three volume Allgemeine Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters im Abendlande ("General history of literature of the Middle Ages in the West").

Ferdinand Wolf
Ferdinand Wolf (8 December 1796, Vienna – 18 February 1866, Vienna) was a scholar of Romance studies from Austria. He was an author of literary studies as well as a publisher of periodicals, including the Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur.

Wolf studied philosophy and law at the University of Graz, and then literature at the University of Vienna. In 1819, after graduation, he became a scrivener at the kaiserlichen Hofbibliothek, now the Austrian National Library, and was later promoted to research fellow. He was succeeded in this office by his son Adolf. In 1847, Wolf was involved with the foundation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, which he served as secretary. He is buried in Vienna.
2020 Players' Championship
The 2020 Princess Auto Players' Championship was scheduled to be held from April 7 to 12, at the Mattamy Athletic Centre in Toronto, Ontario. On March 12, 2020, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was cancelled before the teams were announced.

Players' Championship
The Players' Championship, currently known as the AMJ Players' Championship for sponsorship reasons, is the final event of the Grand Slam of Curling tour, and is formerly the championship of the World Curling Tour season.

From 2016 to 2019, it was the penultimate slam of the curling season, and the last of the four "majors". The event was one of the original Grand Slam events when they were instituted in the 2001–02 season for men and for the 2005–06 season for women.
Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens
The Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens are botanical gardens located within South Park in Buffalo, New York, United States. These gardens are the product of landscaping architect Frederick Law Olmsted, glass-house architects Lord & Burnham, and botanist and plant-explorer John F. Cowell.

Cazenovia Park–South Park System
Cazenovia Park–South Park System is a historic park system located in the South Buffalo neighborhood at Buffalo in Erie County, New York, United States.  The interconnected set of parkways and parks was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted as part of his parks plan for the city of Buffalo, as inspired in large part by the parkland, boulevards, and squares of Paris, France.
Lake Muskoka
Lake Muskoka is located between Port Carling and Gravenhurst, Ontario, Canada. The lake is surrounded by many cottages.  The lake is primarily within the boundary of the Township of Muskoka Lakes,  the southeast corner is within the boundary of the Town of Gravenhurst, and another small portion around the mouth of the Muskoka River is within the boundary of the Town of Bracebridge. The town of Bala is located on the southwestern shores of the lake, where the Moon River starts. Lake Muskoka is connected to Lake Rosseau through the Indian River and lock system at Port Carling. The lake is mainly fed by the Muskoka River, Lake Joseph and Lake Rosseau.

Muskoka River
The Muskoka River is a river in the Muskoka District of Ontario, Canada. The river is the third largest river draining the southern Ontario land mass by average annual flow.

It rises in the highlands of Algonquin Park and flows southwest through a number of lakes including

Lake Muskoka

Lake Joseph

Lake Rosseau

Lake of Bays

which empty into Georgian Bay south of Parry Sound by way of the Moon and Musquash Rivers.

Tributaries include the:

Indian River

Hollow River

Oxtongue River

Buck River

East River

Communities on the river include:

Bracebridge, Ontario

Huntsville, Ontario

The name "Muskoka" comes from the name of a chief of the Ojibwa in this region, "Mesqua Ukee" (Miskwaa-aki: Red Earth).
Carpobrotus
Carpobrotus, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, Hottentot fig, and clawberry is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name comes from the Ancient Greek karpos "fruit" and brotos "edible", referring to its edible fruits.

The genus includes some 12 to 20 accepted species. Most are endemic to South Africa, but there are at least four Australian species and one South American.

Carpobrotus quadrifidus
Carpobrotus quadrifidus (commonly known as west-coast sourfig, Weskus suurvy) is a succulent perennial of the family Aizoaceae, native to the west coast of South Africa.

A possible synonym is Carpobrotus sauerae.
Nilradical of a ring
In algebra, the nilradical of a  commutative ring is the ideal consisting of the nilpotent elements:

It is thus the radical of the zero ideal and is also denoted  or . If the nilradical is the zero ideal, the ring is called a reduced ring. The nilradical of a commutative ring is the intersection of all prime ideals.

In the non-commutative ring case the same definition does not always work. This has resulted in several radicals generalizing the commutative case in distinct ways; see the article Radical of a ring for more on this.

For Lie algebras there is a similar definition of nilradical.

Nilpotent ideal
In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an ideal I of a ring R is said to be a nilpotent ideal if there exists a natural number k such that I k = 0. By I k, it is meant the additive subgroup generated by the set of all products of k elements in I. Therefore, I is nilpotent if and only if there is a natural number k such that the product of any k elements of I is 0.

The notion of a nilpotent ideal is much stronger than that of a nil ideal in many classes of rings. There are, however, instances when the two notions coincide—this is exemplified by Levitzky's theorem. The notion of a nilpotent ideal, although interesting in the case of commutative rings, is most interesting in the case of noncommutative rings.
Exhibition of Eleven (Leningrad, 1972)
The Exhibition of eleven artists (Russian: Выставка произведений одиннадцати ленинградских художников 1972 года) was opened at the end of 1972 in Leningrad on the Okhta district in the new Exhibition Hall of the Union of Artists of the Russian Federation. It became a significant important event in the Soviet fine art of the 1970s-1980s.

Leonid Tkachenko (artist)
Leonid Anisimovich Tkachenko (Russian: Леони́д Ани́симович Ткаче́нко; 28 March 1927 – December 2020) was a Soviet and Russian painter. A member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation), he lived and worked in Saint Petersburg, regarded as one of the leading representatives of the "left" wing of the Leningrad school of painting.
Algebraic signal processing
Algebraic signal processing (ASP) is an emerging area of theoretical signal processing (SP). In the algebraic theory of signal processing, a set of filters is treated as an (abstract) algebra, a set of signals is treated as a module or vector space, and convolution is treated as an algebra representation. The advantage of algebraic signal processing is its generality and portability.

Signal processing
Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, digital storage efficiency, correcting distorted signals, improve subjective video quality, and to detect or pinpoint components of interest in a measured signal.
Place Ambroise-Courtois
The Place Ambroise-Courtois is a square in the neighborhood of Monplaisir in the 8th arrondissement of Lyon. It was named after Ambroise Courtois, a city councillor, on 30 October 1944, months after Courtois was assassinated by the Milice française. It had been previously named the Place de Monplaisir. The square is bordered by the Avenue des Frères-Lumière to the south and the Cours Albert-Thomas to the north.

8th arrondissement of Lyon
The 8th arrondissement of Lyon (French: 8e arrondissement de Lyon) is one of the 9 arrondissements of Lyon. It i located between the 3rd and 7th arrondissements of Lyon and the cities of Bron and Venissieux.

In 2023, this arrondissement had a population of 85,934 inhabitants.