hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
El Palmar National Park
El Palmar National Park (in Spanish, Parque Nacional El Palmar) is one of Argentina's national parks. It is located on the center-east of the province of Entre Ríos, midway between the cities of Colón (54 km) and Concordia (60 km). It has an area of about 85 km2 and was created in 1966 for the preservation of its characteristic yatay palm trees (Butia yatay, formerly Syagrus yatay).

The park has a temperate-humid savanna ecosystem, typical of the Argentine Mesopotamia. The terrain features patches of palm trees of several species, grassland, small woods and forest. All gets interrupted by streams flowing east into the Uruguay River. The local fauna includes woodpeckers, ñandús, foxes, viscachas and capybaras.

Concordia, Entre Ríos
Concordia, officially San Antonio de Padua de la Concordia, is a city and municipality that is the head town of the Concordia department, Entre Ríos Province, located in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It has 179,203 inhabitants according to the 2022 census [INDEC], making it the second largest in its province, and the 24th largest in Argentina.
5th arrondissement of Porto-Novo
The 5th arrondissement is an arrondissement in the Ouémé department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Porto-Novo. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 55,698.

Arrondissements of Benin
Arrondissements are administrative units of Benin, after departments and communes. In turn they contain villages and may often have several quartiers or city districts/urban neighborhoods. There are currently 545 arrondissements.

The arrondissements, ordered by department and commune, are as follows:
Portnaguran
Portnaguran (Scottish Gaelic: Port nan Giùran) is a settlement situated within Point, on the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Portnaguran is the township at the north-easternmost point of the peninsula. It lies 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of Tiumpan Head and just south of the headland called Geòdha 'ic Sheòrais or sometimes Small Head amongst locals. Portnaguran is situated at the north-eastern end of the A866, within the parish of Stornoway.

There is a small pier in the harbour, and the surrounding villages are Portvoller, Broker, Aird and Flesherin. The village itself is about 12 miles (20 km) from the town of Stornoway.

Portvoller
Portvoller (Scottish Gaelic: Port Mholair) is a small village on the north tip of the Eye Peninsula (which along with Melbost and Parkend makes up Point), on the Isle of Lewis in northwestern Scotland. It is 9 miles (14 kilometres) on the A866 from the Outer Hebrides' only town, Stornoway. Portvoller is within the parish of Stornoway.
James H. Hammond
James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 – November 13, 1864) was an American attorney, politician, and planter. He served as a United States representative from 1835 to 1836, the 60th governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844, and a United States senator from 1857 to 1860. A slave owner, Hammond was one of the most ardent supporters of slavery in the years before the American Civil War.

Acquiring property through marriage, Hammond ultimately owned 22 square miles, several plantations and houses, and enslaved more than 300 people. Through his wife's family, he was a brother-in-law of Wade Hampton II and uncle to his children, including Wade Hampton III. When the senior Hampton learned that Hammond had raped his four Hampton nieces as teenagers, he made the scandal public. The publicizing of his crimes nearly derailed Hammond's career, but he later was elected to the United States Senate.

Mudsill theory
Mudsill theory is the proposition that there must be, and always has been, a lower class or underclass for the upper classes and the rest of society to rest upon.

The term derives from a mudsill, the lowest threshold that supports the foundation for a building.
West Maui Mountains
The West Maui Mountains, West Maui Volcano, or Mauna Kahālāwai (which means "holding house of water") are the remnants of an eroded shield volcano that constitutes the western quarter of Maui. Approximately 1.7 million years old, the volcano's last eruption was approximately 320,000 years ago.  Thanks to hundreds of inches of rainfall annually the mountains have undergone substantial stream erosion. The ʻĪao Valley, and its ʻĪao Needle are popular attractions within the mountains and are accessible from Wailuku.

The three districts (moku) of West Maui are Lahaina, Kāʻanapali, and Wailuku. Wailuku is also known as "Pūʻalikomohana" ("west isthmus"), or "Nā Wai ʻEhā" ("the four waters"). The port of Lahaina lies on the southwestern slope.

The summit peak at 5,788 ft (1,764 m) elevation is called "Puʻu Kukui," which translates to "candlenut hill".

Iao Valley
Iao Valley, (/ˈiːaʊ/; Hawaiian ʻĪao Valley, for "cloud supreme") is a lush, stream-cut valley in West Maui, Hawaii, located 3.1 miles (5 km) west of Wailuku. Because of its natural environment and history, it has become a tourist location. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1972.
Rokugō, Yamanashi
Rokugō (六郷町, Rokugō-chō) was a town located in Nishiyatsushiro District, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,861 and a population density of 290.74 persons per km2. The total area was 13.28 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Rokugō, along with the towns of Ichikawadaimon and Mitama (all from Nishiyatsushiro District), was merged to create the town of Ichikawamisato.

Ichikawamisato
Ichikawamisato (市川三郷町, Ichikawamisato-chō) is a town located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.  As of 1 June 2019, the town had an estimated population of 15,799 in 6679 households., and a population density of 210 persons per km². The total area of the town  is 75.18 square kilometres (29.03 sq mi).
Gaius Calpurnius Piso (conspirator)
Gaius Calpurnius Piso (died AD 65) was a Roman senator in the first century. He was the focal figure in the Pisonian conspiracy of AD 65, the most famous and wide-ranging plot against the throne of Emperor Nero.

Calpurnia gens
The gens Calpurnia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which first appears in history during the third century BC.  The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Calpurnius Piso in 180 BC, but from this time their consulships were very frequent, and the family of the Pisones became one of the most illustrious in the Roman state.  Two important pieces of Republican legislation, the lex Calpurnia of 149 BC and lex Acilia Calpurnia of 67 BC were passed by members of the gens.
Don Hancock
Donald Leslie Hancock (5 January 1937 – 1 September 2001) was a Western Australian policeman. He is principally known for his involvement in the investigation of the Perth Mint Swindle, and his death in a car bombing in 2001.

Perth Mint Swindle
The Perth Mint Swindle was a robbery of 49 gold bars weighing 69 kilograms (152 pounds; 2,200 troy ounces) from the Perth Mint in Western Australia on 22 June 1982. The bullion was valued at A$653,000 at that time (equivalent to $2,587,607 in 2022). As of November 2024, the value of 68 kilograms (150 lb) of gold would be in excess of A$8.4 million. According to police at the time, three brothers—Ray, Peter, and Brian Mickelberg—orchestrated the robbery. The three went to trial and were found guilty of the conspiracy and sentenced in 1983 to twenty, sixteen and twelve years in jail, respectively.

All three convictions were overturned in 2004. To date, the case remains unsolved and continues to be fought by the Mickelbergs who maintain their innocence and allege a conspiracy by the Western Australia Police to frame them.
1939 Home Nations Championship
The 1939 Home Nations Championship was the thirty-fifth series of the rugby union Home Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Five Nations, and prior to that, the Home Nations, this was the fifty-second series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Six matches were played between 21 January and 18 March. It was contested by England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

This was the last tournament that did not feature France, who had been expelled after the 1931 tournament over allegations of professionalism and administrative deficiencies. France would be readmitted later in the year, but the start of World War II in Europe in September put international rugby on hold; it would not resume until 1947. The Calcutta Cup match was the last international game before World War II. Six players who took part in the game would lose their lives during the war, while seven would return to international rugby post-war.

1947 Five Nations Championship
The 1947 Five Nations Championship was the eighteenth series of the rugby union Five Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the fifty-third series of the northern hemisphere rugby union championship. Ten matches were played between 1 January and 19 April. It was contested by England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

The competition was not only the first after World War II, but also marked the return of France after an absence of 16 years. Les Bleus had been expelled from the tournament after the 1931 event over allegations of professionalism and administrative deficiencies; they were readmitted after the 1939 tournament, but shortly thereafter war forced the suspension of international rugby. The return of France established the Five Nations lineup until 2000, when the admission of Italy created the modern Six Nations.
Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359)
Beatrice of Castile or Beatriz (1293 – 25 October 1359) was an infanta of Castile, daughter of Sancho IV and María de Molina. She was Queen of Portugal from the accession of her husband, Afonso IV, in 1325 until his death on 28 May 1357.

Sancho IV of Castile
Sancho IV of Castile (12 May 1258 – 25 April 1295) called the Brave (el Bravo), was the king of Castile, León and Galicia (now parts of Spain) from 1284 to his death. Following his brother Ferdinand's death, he gained the support of nobles who declared him king instead of Ferdinand's son Alfonso. Faced with revolts throughout his reign, before he died he made his wife regent for his son, who became Ferdinand IV.
Guinean bichir
The Guinean bichir (Polypterus ansorgii) is a ray-finned fish from rivers and other freshwater habitats in Western Africa, ranging from Guinea-Bissau to Nigeria. It reaches a maximum length of 72 cm (28 in), is greenish-brown to black in color, and has large, dark spots and blotches on its sides. On mature specimens, the bottom jaw may protrude very slightly. It is similar to some other bichirs with which it can be confused.

Named in honor of explorer William John Ansorge (1850-1913), who collected type specimen.

Bichir
Fish portal

Bichirs /ˈbɪʃɪərz/ and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae /pɒlɪpˈtɛrɪdiː/, a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes /pəˈlɪptərɪfɔːrmiːz/.

All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries.

Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes (Actinopteri). They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million years ago. A closely related group, the Scanilepiformes, are known from the later Permian to the Triassic, and are likely ancestral to polypterids. The oldest polypterids are around 100 million years old, from the early Late Cretaceous of South America and Africa.
Artivist Film Festival & Awards
The Artivist Film Festival & Awards is an international film festival and awards ceremony dedicated to recognizing activist efforts of filmmakers, specifically in the areas of human rights, child advocacy, environmental preservation, and animal rights.

Zeitgeist (film series)
Zeitgeist is a series of three documentary films released between 2007 and 2011 that present a number of conspiracy theories, as well as proposals for broad social and economic changes. The films, Zeitgeist: The Movie (2007), Zeitgeist: Addendum (2008) and Zeitgeist: Moving Forward (2011) are all directed by Peter Joseph.
Peniscola
Peníscola (Valencian: [peˈniskola]) or Peñíscola (Spanish: [peˈɲiskola]) and officially Peníscola/Peñíscola, anglicised as Peniscola, is a municipality in the Province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast. It is a popular tourist destination.

Antipope Benedict XIII
Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (1342 – 23 May 1423), known as el Papa Luna or Pope Luna, was an Aragonese nobleman who was antipope with the regnal name Benedict XIII during the Western Schism.
Edward Montagu (1649–1690)
Hon. Edward Montagu II (25 September 1649 – 27 February 1690) was an English politician, the son of Hon. George Montagu. He was elected MP for Seaford in 1681 and Northamptonshire in 1685 and 1689, not standing in 1690 due to ill health. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pelham, 3rd Baronet. When his brother Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax died childless in 1715, his son George inherited the earldom.

George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
George Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (also spelt George Montague) PC KB (c. 1684 – 9 May 1739), of Horton, Northamptonshire, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1705 to 1715 when he became a peer.
Herman Bavinck
Herman Bavinck (13 December 1854 – 29 July 1921) was a Dutch Calvinist theologian and churchman. He was a significant scholar in the Calvinist tradition, alongside Abraham Kuyper, B. B. Warfield, and Geerhardus Vos.

Neo-Calvinism
Neo-Calvinism is a Calvinist theological movement that was initiated in the late-19th century in the Netherlands. It was originally developed by theologians like Abraham Kuyper, a former Dutch prime minister, and Herman Bavinck who insisted on holding fast to historic Calvinistic thinking, but with a willingness to actively engage in every new context offered by a modern and pluralistic society. In this regard, Kuyper famously stated:

No single piece of our mental world is to be hermetically sealed off from the rest, and there is not a square inch in the whole domain of human existence over which Christ, who is sovereign over all, does not cry: 'Mine!'

While Neo-Calvinism originated in the Netherlands, it later found prominence in the United States, initially through Dutch immigrant theologians like Geerhardus Vos and Cornelius Van Til in the 20th century. It has since gained wider appeal in the United States and other countries, such as the United Kingdom and China.
Lauter (Rhine)
The Lauter (German pronunciation: [ˈlaʊtɐ] ⓘ; in its upper course also: Wieslauter) is a river in Germany and France.

The Lauter is a left tributary of the Rhine. Its length is 55 kilometres (34 mi), of which 39 km is in France and on the France–Germany border. It is formed by the confluence of two headstreams (Scheidbach and Wartenbach) north of Hinterweidenthal in the Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It flows through Dahn, crosses the border with France, flows through Wissembourg, and then forms the French-German international boundary until its confluence with the Rhine near Lauterbourg and Neuburg am Rhein.

Dahn
Dahn (German pronunciation: [daːn] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Südwestpfalz district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated in the Palatinate Forest, approximately 15 km southeast of Pirmasens, and 25 km west of Landau. It is part of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Dahner Felsenland.
Paul Rand
Paul Rand (born Peretz Rosenbaum; August 15, 1914 – November 26, 1996) was an American art director and graphic designer. He is known for his corporate logo designs, including logos for IBM, UPS, Enron, Morningstar, Inc., Westinghouse, ABC, and NeXT. He developed an American Modernist style from European influences and was one of the first American commercial artists to embrace and practice the Swiss Style of graphic design. Rand was a professor emeritus of graphic design at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he taught from 1956 to 1969, and from 1974 to 1985. He was inducted into the New York Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1972.

Art Directors Club Hall of Fame
The Art Directors Club Hall of Fame was established in 1971, by the Art Directors Club of New York, a professional organization in the design and creative industries. The Art Directors Club selects its honorees from those "who have made significant contributions to art direction and visual communications, and whose lifetime achievements represent the highest standards of creative excellence."

In addition to designers usually notable within the communities of design and advertising, the honorees include more popular artists who have affected the broader field of visual culture, including, for example, Issey Miyake, Jim Henson and Andy Warhol.

On its website, the Art Directors Club maintains a biography of each of the Hall of Fame honorees.

In a video shown at the 2010 Hall of Fame gala, George Lois speaks a little bit about the award and its history. In the video, Lois calls the Hall of Fame honors "the Oscars of the advertising business."
Ricardo Independent School District
Ricardo Independent School District is a public school district in Kleberg County, Texas, United States.

The district has two campuses - Ricardo Middle (Grades 5-8) and Ricardo Elementary (Grades PK-4).

Ricardo ISD includes a small portion of southern Kingsville.

In 2009, the school district was rated "recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

High school students move on to Kaufer Early College High School, which is operated by Riviera Independent School District.

Riviera Independent School District
Riviera Independent School District is a public school district serving about 479 students from Pre-K through 12 Grade. It is based in the community of Riviera, Texas.

Located mostly in Kleberg County, a very small portion of the district extends into Kenedy County. It includes the small portion of Corpus Christi in Kleberg County.

Riviera ISD is currently a 2A school and has three campuses; Nanny Elementary (Grades PK-5), De La Paz Middle School (Grades 6-8), and Kaufer Early College High School (Grades 9-12). Their Mascot is the Sea-Hawk and their colors are green and white.
Tern Island (South Georgia)
Tern Island in the south part of the Bay of Isles, South Georgia (54°3′S 37°20′W﻿ / ﻿54.050°S 37.333°W﻿ / -54.050; -37.333) is a small, tussock-covered island lying 1.6 km (1 mile) south of Albatross Island and 10 km (6 miles) east of Dot Island.

It was first charted in 1912–13 by Robert Cushman Murphy, American naturalist aboard the brig Daisy. Surveyed in 1929–30 by DI personnel, who named it in association with Albatross Island, Prion Island and other natural history names given in the Bay of Isles by Murphy in 1912–13.

Dot Island (South Georgia)
Dot Island in the sub-Antarctic (54°3′S 37°21′W﻿ / ﻿54.050°S 37.350°W﻿ / -54.050; -37.350) is a tiny island lying 0.6 nautical miles (1.1 km) west of Tern Island in the south part of the Bay of Isles, South Georgia. It was first charted by Robert Cushman Murphy in 1912–13 and surveyed in 1929–30 by Discovery Investigations personnel, who probably so named it because of its size and minute appearance when represented on charts.
Panola, Illinois
Panola is a village in Woodford County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Panola had a population of 47. It is part of the Peoria, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Panola is one of the smallest communities in Illinois today. It is located about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of El Paso, along Illinois Route 251 (next to U.S. 51).

Woodford County, Illinois
Woodford County is a county located in the state of Illinois. The 2020 United States census listed its population at 38,467. Its county seat is Eureka. Woodford County is part of the Peoria metropolitan area. Its name comes from General William Woodford, an officer of the American Revolutionary War who served at the brutal military encampment at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
Al-Rifa'i Mosque
The Al-Rifa'i Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الرفاعي, romanized: Al-Rifai, lit. 'Refaai Mosque') is a mosque located in Citadel Square, adjacent to the Citadel, in Islamic Cairo, Egypt. Its name is derived from the Ali Abu Shubbak who is buried in the mosque. It also serves as the royal mausoleum of Muhammad Ali's family. The building is located opposite the Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan, which dates from around 1361, and was architecturally conceived as a complement to the older structure as part of a vast campaign by the 19th century rulers of Egypt to both associate themselves with the perceived glory of earlier periods in Egypt's Islamic history and modernize the city.

Farouk of Egypt
Farouk I (/fəˈruːk/; Arabic: فاروق الأول, romanized: Fārūq al-Awwal; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military coup in 1952.

His full title was "His Majesty Farouk I, by the grace of God, King of Egypt and the Sudan". As king, Farouk was known for his extravagant playboy lifestyle. While initially popular, his reputation eroded due to the corruption and incompetence of his government. He was overthrown in the 1952 coup d'état and forced to abdicate in favour of his infant son, Ahmed Fuad, who succeeded him as Fuad II. Farouk died in exile in Italy in 1965.

His sister, Princess Fawzia bint Fuad, was the first wife and consort of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Henri Spondanus
Henri Spondanus (né de Sponde; 6 January 1568, Mauléon – 18 May 1643, Toulouse) was a French Catholic jurist, historian, and continuator of the Annales Ecclesiastici compiled by Cardinal Baronius, and Bishop of Pamiers. He was a convert from Calvinism.

Diocese of Pamiers
The Diocese of Pamiers, Couserans, and Mirepoix (Latin: Dioecesis Apamiensis, Couseranensis, et Mirapicensis; French: Diocèse de Pamiers, Mirepoix, et Couserans) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in southern France.

Erected in 1295, it was a historical diocese of county of Foix. The diocese was suppressed in 1801, it was restored in 1822. The diocese comprises the department of Ariège and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Toulouse. The diocese of Pamiers is divided into five Deaneries: Pamiers, Foix, Haut-Ariège, Couserans, and Pays-d'Olmes-Mirapoix. The episcopal see is the Cathedral of Saint Antoninus in the city of Pamiers.

In 2021, in the Diocese of Pamiers, Couserans, and Mirepoix there was one priest for every 5,082 Catholics.
Mount Torment
Mount Torment is a 8,120+ -foot (2,470+ m) high peak in the North Cascades of Washington in the United States. It is located approximately 65 miles (105 km) northeast of the city of Everett. First ascended on August 23, 1946, its name originates from the first ascent party, because of "the torture of a hot day with only one orange for quenching thirst." Since then, Mount Torment has gained popularity because of the Torment-Forbidden Traverse to neighboring Forbidden Peak, an exposed alpine route.

The North Fork Cascade River rises in a basin below Mount Torment and flows several miles west to the Cascade River. Numerous waterfalls are found in this valley.

Waterfalls of the North Fork Cascade River Valley
There are multiple waterfalls in the basin of the North Fork Cascade River, a river in the North Cascades of Washington that drains to the Cascade River.  Many of these are taller than the more famous waterfalls in North America, but do not receive much attention due to their remoteness.