hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Guna Caves
Guna Caves, initially named as Devil's Kitchen, is a cave located in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India. It attracts many visitors every year. The location got the name Guna Caves after it was featured in the 1991 film Gunaa starring Kamal Haasan. Since the release of the film, the location has attracted a large number of visitors and tourists. Subsequently, other movies were also shot there, including the climax of the Malayalam film Shikkar (2010), and another Malayalam film Manjummel Boys (2024), which was based on a real accident in the cave.

The caves are notorious for its dangerous history as many people who entered to explore them have disappeared without a trace. As of 2016, police have recorded 16 disappearances in connection with the cave without bodies being retrieved. To date, only one person has ever escaped from the depths of the Guna caves, which serves as the central narrative for the 2024 Malayalam film Manjummel Boys.

Kodaikanal
Kodaikanal (ko-DYE-KAH-null, Tamil pronunciation: [ko'ɖaɪ'kaːnəl]) is a municipality and hill station in Dindigul district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is situated at an altitude of 2,225 m (7,300 ft) in the Palani Hills of the Western Ghats. Kodaikanal was established in 1845 to serve as a refuge from the high temperatures and tropical diseases during the summer in the plains. It is a popular tourist destination and is referred to as the "Princess of Hill stations" with much of the local economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism. As per the 2011 census, the city had a population of 36,501.
Postal tax stamp
A postal tax stamp refers to a stamp which raises revenue for charity or war related projects. Postal tax stamps are similar to semi-postals, except their use is mandatory instead of voluntary. They are used to show payment of a compulsory tax on mailing letters and parcels. The taxes often go to a charitable institution or fund.

The postal tax stamp originated in Spain and Portugal.  Many Balkan nations and some Latin American nations have been the most prolific issuers of postal tax stamps. There are no postal tax stamps in the United States.

Semi-postal stamp
A semi-postal stamp or semipostal stamp, also known as a charity stamp, is a postage stamp issued to raise money for a particular purpose (such as a charitable cause) and sold at a premium over the postal value. Typically the stamp shows two denominations separated by a plus sign, but in many cases the only denomination shown is for the postage rate, and the postal customer simply pays the higher price when purchasing the stamps.
Lewis Nkosi
Lewis Nkosi (5 December 1936 – 5 September 2010) was a South African writer and journalist, who spent 30 years in exile as a consequence of restrictions placed on him and his writing by the Suppression of Communism Act and the Publications and Entertainment Act passed in the 1950s and 1960s. A multifaceted personality, he attempted multiple genre for his writing, including literary criticism, poetry, drama, novels, short stories, essays, as well as journalism.

DRUM (South African magazine)
DRUM is a South African online family magazine mainly aimed at black readers, containing market news, entertainment and feature articles. It has two sister magazines: Huisgenoot (aimed at White and Coloured Afrikaans-speaking readers) and YOU (aimed at demographically diverse South African English-speaking readers).

In 2005 Drum was described as "the first black lifestyle magazine in Africa", but it is noted chiefly for its early 1950s and 1960s reportage of township life under apartheid. From July 2020 the magazine became an online magazine.
F. W. Taussig
Frank William Taussig (December 28, 1859 – November 11, 1940) was an American economist who is credited with creating the foundations of modern trade theory. He was a professor of economics at Harvard University. He was also a founder of Omicron Delta Epsilon.

He was the editor of the Quarterly Journal of Economics from 1889 to 1890 and from 1896 to 1935, president of the American Economic Association in 1904 and 1905.

United States International Trade Commission
The United States International Trade Commission (USITC or ITC) is an agency of the United States federal government that advises the legislative and executive branches on matters of trade. It was created by Congress in 1916 as the U.S. Tariff Commission. It changed to its current name in 1974.   It is an independent, bipartisan entity that analyzes trade issues such as tariffs and competitiveness and publishes reports. As a quasi-judicial entity, the USITC investigates the impact of imports on U.S. industries, and directs actions against unfair trade practices, such as subsidies; dumping; and intellectual property infringement, including copyright infringement.
Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California
The Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California, also known as the Scott's Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Sugar Bowl Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe of Pomo and Wailaki Indians in Lake County.

Eel River Athapaskan peoples
The Eel River Athapaskans include the Wailaki, Lassik, Nongatl, and Sinkyone (Sinkine) groups of Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California.

These groups speak dialects of the Wailaki language belonging to the Pacific Coast Athapaskan group of the Athapaskan language family which is prominently represented in Alaska, western Canada, and the southwestern U.S. Other related Athapaskan groups neighboring the Eel River Athapaskans included the Hupa-Whilkut-Chilula to the north, the Mattole on the coast to the west, and the Kato to the south.

The Whilkut, Nongatl and Lassik were essentially annihilated during the Bald Hills War in the 1860s.

Some Wailaki people are registered members of Round Valley Indian Tribes.
Sierra Pacific Airlines
Sierra Pacific Airlines is an American charter airline based in Tucson, Arizona, United States. It operates passenger charters and sub-charters for other airlines, as well as for the United States Forest Service, United States Military and the United States Marshals Service with jet aircraft.  Sierra Pacific also previously operated scheduled passenger service in the western U.S. with prop and turboprop aircraft.

Eastern Sierra Regional Airport
Eastern Sierra Regional Airport (IATA: BIH, ICAO: KBIH, FAA LID: BIH) is two miles east of Bishop, in Inyo County, California, United States. The land is leased from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. The airport is owned and operated by Inyo County.
Bosconero
Bosconero Italian pronunciation: [boskoˈneːro] is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Turin.

Bosconero borders the following municipalities: Rivarolo Canavese, San Giusto Canavese, Feletto, Foglizzo, San Benigno Canavese, and Lombardore.

San Giusto Canavese
San Giusto Canavese (known as 'L Zerb in Canavese dialect, turned in modern dialect as San Giust) is an Italian municipality with 3,273 inhabitants in the metropolitan city of Turin in the Piedmont region.

San Giusto Canavese borders the following municipalities: San Giorgio Canavese, Feletto, Foglizzo, and Bosconero.
Patrick Keely
Patrick Charles Keely (August 9, 1816 — August 11, 1896) was an Irish-American architect based in Brooklyn, New York, and Providence, Rhode Island. He designed nearly 600 churches and hundreds of other buildings for the Catholic Church or Catholic patrons in the United States and Canada, particularly in New York City, Boston and Chicago in the later half of the 19th century. He designed every 19th-century Catholic cathedral in New England. Several other church and institutional architects began their careers in his firm.

St. Joseph's Church (Fall River, Massachusetts)
St. Joseph's Church is a historic church located at 1355 North Main Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. Designed by notable church architect Patrick C. Keely, it was built in 1880 in the Gothic Revival style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, the same day as St. Patrick's.
Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre
Auguste Marie Henri Picot de Dampierre (French pronunciation: [oɡyst maʁi ɑ̃ʁi piko də dɑ̃pjɛʁ]; 19 August 1756 – 9 May 1793), styled the Marquis de Dampierre and usually known as Dampierre [dɑ̃.pjɛʁ], was a French general during the time of the French Revolution. He served in many of the early battles of the War of the First Coalition, and was killed in action in 1793. His name  is among those inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe.

Army of the Ardennes
The Army of the Ardennes (armée des Ardennes) was a French Revolutionary Army formed on the first of October 1792 by splitting off the right wing of the Army of the North, commanded from July to August that year by La Fayette. From July to September 1792 General Dumouriez also misused the name Army of the Ardennes for the right wing of what was left of the Army of the North after the split, encamped at Sedan and the name of Army of the North for the left flank of the army.

It was reorganized by a decree of the Conseil exécutif on the first of March 1793, leading to only the right flank of the army keeping the name of Army of the Ardennes. The first division of the Army of the Ardennes re-merged back into the Army of the North on 5 October 1793, at which date the rest of the Army of the Ardennes continued as the Army of the Ardennes until 29 June 1794, when it merged with the Army of the North's right wing and the Army of the Moselle's left wing to form the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse.
Tuition insurance
Tuition insurance is a form of insurance coverage designed to protect students and their families from financial losses in the event a student must withdraw from an educational institution - schools, colleges or universities - due to unforeseen circumstances. These circumstances typically include serious illness, injury, mental health conditions, or the death of a tuition payer. The insurance reimburses non-refundable tuition fees and, in some cases, associated costs such as room and board, and other fees.

Tuition insurance can be obtained through educational institutions or directly from an insurance provider.   Most tuition insurance policies cover the cost of tuition in whole or partly if a student has to withdraw from his or her studies for medical reasons.

Tuition payments
Tuition payments, usually known as tuition in American English and as tuition fees in Commonwealth English, are fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services. Besides public spending (by governments and other public bodies), private spending via tuition payments are the largest revenue sources for education institutions in some countries. In most developed countries, especially countries in Scandinavia and Continental Europe, there are no or only nominal tuition fees for all forms of education, including university and other higher education.
Communion (chant)
The Communion (Latin: communio; Ancient Greek: κοινωνικόν, koinonikon) is a refrain sung with psalm recitation during the distribution of the Eucharist in the Divine Liturgy or Mass. As chant it was connected with the ritual act of Christian communion.

Mozarabic chant
Mozarabic chant (also known as the Hispanic chant, Old Hispanic chant, Old Spanish chant, or Visigothic chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Visigothic/Mozarabic rite of the Catholic Church, related to the Gregorian chant. It is primarily associated with Hispania under Visigothic rule and later with the Mozarabs (Hispanic Catholic Christians living under Islamic rule and speaking Arabic) and was replaced by the chant of the Roman rite following the Christian Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Although its original medieval form is largely lost, a few chants have survived with readable musical notation, and the chanted rite was later revived in altered form and continues to be used in a few isolated locations in Spain, primarily in Toledo.
Darren Till
Darren Till (born 24 December 1992) is an English professional mixed martial artist, former Muay Thai fighter, and professional boxer. As a boxer, he is the current MFB bridgerweight champion. Born in Liverpool, Till started his Muay Thai training at the age of 12 and turned professional three years later, before transitioning to MMA. He competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he fought in both the welterweight and middleweight divisions, and challenged for the UFC Welterweight Championship in September 2018. He made his boxing debut in January 2025.

Kevin Holland
Kevin Alan Holland (born November 5, 1992) is an American professional mixed martial artist and former kickboxer. He currently competes in the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2015, Holland has also competed for Bellator MMA, King of the Cage and Legacy Fighting Alliance.
Marv Johnson
Marvin Earl Johnson (October 15, 1938 – May 16, 1993) was an American R&B singer, songwriter and pianist. He was influential in the development of the Motown style of music, primarily for the song "Come to Me," which was the first record issued by Tamla Records, the precursor to the famous label.

Despite his early success in the United States, Johnson ultimately enjoyed more popularity overseas than in his native country. His music was especially popular in the United Kingdom and Australia.

United Artists Records
United Artists Records was an American record label founded by Max E. Youngstein of United Artists in 1957 to issue movie soundtracks. The label expanded into other genres, such as easy listening, jazz, pop, and R&B.
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States, was designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1956, and completed in 1961. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The church is one of Wright's last works; construction was completed after his death. The design is informed by traditional Byzantine architectural forms, reinterpreted by Wright to suit the modern context. The church's shallow scalloped dome is similar to that of his Marin County Civic Center in California.

Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
Wauwatosa (/ˌwɔːwəˈtoʊsə/ ⓘ WAW-wə-TOH-sə; colloquially Tosa) is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 48,387 at the 2020 census. Wauwatosa is a suburb located immediately west of Milwaukee and is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is named after the Potawatomi Chief Wauwataesie and the Potawatomi word for firefly.
Burgio
Burgio (Sicilian: Burgiu) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Agrigento.

Burgio borders the following municipalities: Caltabellotta, Chiusa Sclafani, Lucca Sicula, Palazzo Adriano, Villafranca Sicula.

Villafranca Sicula
Villafranca Sicula is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Agrigento in the Italian region Sicily, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of Palermo and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) northwest of Agrigento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,496 and an area of 17.7 square kilometres (6.8 sq mi).

Villafranca Sicula borders the following municipalities: Burgio, Calamonaci, Caltabellotta, Lucca Sicula.

The Roman Catholic cardinal Salvatore Pappalardo (1918–2006), archbishop emeritus of Palermo, is a well-known native of Villafranca Sicula.
Moyola (District Electoral Area)
Moyola is one of the seven district electoral areas (DEA) in Mid Ulster, Northern Ireland. The district elects five members to Mid Ulster District Council and contains the wards of Ballymaguigan, Bellaghy, Castledawson, Draperstown and Tobermore. Moyola forms part of the Mid Ulster constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, where it contained five wards (Bellaghy, Castledawson, Gulladuff, Upperlands and Valley). For the 2014 local elections it gained Ballymaguigan from the Magherafelt Town DEA and Draperstown from the abolished Sperrin DEA.

Sperrin (Magherafelt District Electoral Area)
Sperrin was one of the three district electoral areas in Magherafelt, Northern Ireland which existed from 1985 to 2014. The district elected five members to Magherafelt District Council, and formed part of the Mid Ulster constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1985 local elections, replacing Magherafelt Area A which had existed since 1973, and contained the wards of Draperstown, Lower Glenshane, Maghera, Swatragh and Tobermore. It was abolished for the 2014 local elections and largely replaced with the new Carntogher DEA with Draperstown moving to the Moyola DEA.
Symbols of Queensland
The symbols of Queensland represent the Australian state of Queensland and the Queensland Government. The different symbols and emblems represent both the state (the Commonwealth monarch, represented by the State Governor) and the government (the Premier and Governor-in-Council).  The official state emblems of Queensland are prescribed in the Emblems of Queensland Act 2005.

Muttaburrasaurus
Muttaburrasaurus was a genus of herbivorous iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now north-eastern Australia sometime between 112 and 103 million years ago during the early Cretaceous period. It has been recovered in some analyses as a member of the iguanodontian clade Rhabdodontomorpha, or alternately as a member of Elasmaria. After Kunbarrasaurus, it is Australia's most completely known dinosaur from skeletal remains. It was named after Muttaburra, the site in Queensland, Australia, where it was found. The dinosaur was selected from twelve candidates to become the official fossil emblem of the State of Queensland.
Keratin 6B
Keratin 6B is a type II cytokeratin, one of a number of isoforms of keratin 6. It is found with keratin 16 and/or keratin 17 in the hair follicles, the filiform papillae of the tongue and the epithelial lining of oral mucosa and esophagus. This keratin 6 isoform is thought be less abundant than the closely related keratin 6A protein. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein have been associated with pachyonychia congenita, an inherited disorder of the epithelial tissues in which this keratin is expressed, particularly leading to structural abnormalities of the nails, the epidermis of the palms and soles, and oral epithelia.  Keratin 6B is associated with the PC-K6B subtype of pachyonychia congenita.

Pachyonychia congenita
Pachyonychia congenita (often abbreviated as "PC") is a rare group of autosomal dominant skin disorders that are caused by a mutation in one of five different keratin genes. Pachyonychia congenita is often associated with thickened toenails, plantar keratoderma, and plantar pain.
Group of Lie type
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to finite groups that are closely related to the group of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group with values in a finite field. The phrase group of Lie type does not have a widely accepted precise definition, but the important collection of finite simple groups of Lie type does have a precise definition, and they make up most of the groups in the classification of finite simple groups.

The name "groups of Lie type" is due to the close relationship with the (infinite) Lie groups, since a compact Lie group may be viewed as the rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group over the field of real numbers. Dieudonné (1971) and Carter (1989) are standard references for groups of Lie type.

Alternating group
In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set. The alternating group on a set of n elements is called the alternating group of degree n, or the alternating group on n letters and denoted by An or Alt(n).
CumEx-Files
The CumEx-Files is an investigation by a number of European news media outlets into a tax fraud scheme discovered by them in 2017. A network of banks, stock traders, and lawyers had obtained billions from European treasuries through suspected fraud and speculation involving dividend taxes. The five hardest hit countries may have lost at least $62.9 billion. Germany is the hardest hit country, with around $36.2 billion withdrawn from the German treasury. Estimated losses for other countries include at least €17 billion for France, €4.5 billion in Italy, €1.7 billion in Denmark and €201 million for Belgium.

Freshfields
Freshfields LLP (formerly Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, or FBD) is a British multinational law firm headquartered in London, England, and a member of the "Magic Circle". The firm has 28 offices in 17 jurisdictions across Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America. It advises national and multinational corporations, financial institutions and governments.
Chatrichalerm Yukol
Prince Chatrichalerm Yukol (Thai: หม่อมเจ้าชาตรีเฉลิม ยุคล; RTGS: Chatrichaloem Yukhon; born 29 November 1942), or usually known by his nickname Mui (Thai: มุ้ย), is a Thai film director, screenwriter, film producer, and National Artist Performing Arts branch (Movie and TV Drama director) in 2001. A member of the Thai royal family, his official royal title is Mom Chao, or M.C., the most junior title still considered royalty.

A prolific director since the 1970s, among his films is the 2001 historical epic The Legend of Suriyothai. For Suriyothai as well as his 2007 historical epic, King Naresuan, Chatrichalerm was backed by Queen Sirikit. Four of his films have been submitted by Thailand for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: The Elephant Keeper, Song for Chao Phya, Daughter 2 and King of Fire. He was a member of the jury at the 31st Berlin International Film Festival in 1981.

Song for Chao Phraya
Song for Chao Phraya (Thai: น้องเมีย; RTGS: Nong Mia; lit: "wife's younger sister") is a 1990 Thai drama film directed by Chatrichalerm Yukol. The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It is a remake of the 1978 film of the same name.
Tocumwal
Tocumwal (/ˈtoʊkəmwɔːl/ TOH-kəm-wawl) is a town in the southern Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, in the Berrigan Shire local government area. The town, 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of the city of Melbourne, lies on the northern bank of the Murray River, which forms the border with Victoria.

The Newell Highway and Murray Valley Highway join at the Murray River, and form part of the main road route National Highway between Brisbane and Melbourne. At the 2021 census, Tocumwal had a population of 2,862.

The name of the town is probably a corruption of the local Pangerang indigenous word, "Tucumiva" (or "Tucumival"), meaning "deep hole". Near Tocumwal is a 25-metre-deep hole in granite rock, now known as "The Blowhole", which is linked underground to the nearby Murray River.

Newell Highway
Newell Highway is a national highway in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It provides the major road link between southeastern Queensland and Victoria via central NSW and as such carries large amounts of freight. At 1,058 kilometres (657 mi) in length, the Newell is the longest highway in NSW, and passes through fifteen local government areas.

The highway is named in honour of H. H. Newell, the first Commissioner for Main Roads in New South Wales (1932–1941). It is designated route A39 for its entire length.