hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
South Pass (Wyoming)
South Pass (elevation 7,412 ft (2,259 m) and 7,550 ft (2,300 m)) is a route across the Continental Divide, in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Wyoming. It lies in a broad high region, 35 miles (56 km) wide, between the nearly 14,000 ft (4,300 m) Wind River Range to the north and the over 8,500 ft (2,600 m) Oregon Buttes and arid, saline near-impassable Great Divide Basin to the south.  The Pass lies in southwestern Fremont County, approximately 35 miles (56 km) SSW of Lander.

Though it approaches a mile and a half high, South Pass is the lowest point on the Continental Divide between the Central and Southern Rocky Mountains. The passes furnish a natural crossing point of the Rockies. The historic pass became the route for emigrants on the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails to the West during the 19th century. It was designated as a U.S. National Historic Landmark on January 20, 1961.

California Trail
The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about 1,600 mi (2,600 km) across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California. After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte, and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming. The trail has several splits and cutoffs for alternative routes around major landforms and to different destinations, with a combined length of over 5,000 mi (8,000 km).
4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art
4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, formerly known as Gallery 4A, 4A Galleries, Asia-Australia Arts Centre and also known simply as 4A, is an Australian independent not-for-profit organisation based in the Haymarket area of Sydney, New South Wales. It commissions, exhibits, documents and researches Asian and Asian-Australian contemporary art in Australia, and promotes Australian talent in Asia, promoting and maintaining cultural connections between the nation and the region. The gallery and the associated Performance 4A (for the performing arts) were founded by the Asian Australian Artists Association Inc. in 1997.

The centre is funded  mainly by Commonwealth, state and local government sources, but also by private sponsors and organisations, and generates its own income. It has partnered with the Sydney Biennale twice, as well as other organisations such as the Campbelltown Arts Centre to mount major exhibitions and events.

Haymarket, New South Wales
Haymarket is an inner city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located at the southern end of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. Haymarket includes much of Sydney's Chinatown, Thaitown and Railway Square localities. Haymarket is adjacent to Darling Harbour and is surrounded by the suburbs of Ultimo, Chippendale, Surry Hills and the Sydney CBD.
Institut agro Montpellier
Institut Agro Montpellier (previously named Montpellier SupAgro till 2020) is a French public institution devoted to higher education and research in Agriculture, Food and Environment. Montpellier SupAgro is widely open to international issues and partnerships, with specific focus and expertise on southern and Mediterranean areas. It trains students in most of the agronomy and life sciences fields. It is a founding member of Agropolis Fondation. The Montpellier INRA research center is also located on la Gaillarde campus. It belongs to the Institut Agro, along with Institut Agro Rennes-Angers and Institut Agro Dijon.

Institut Agro
The Institut Agro or National Institute of Higher Education for Agriculture, Food and the Environment is a French public scientific, cultural and professional establishment (EPSCP), a Grands établissements created on January 1, 2020.

It is placed under the main supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and the educational supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education. Its headquarters is in Paris at 42 rue Scheffer in the 16th arrondissement.

Since January 1, 2022, the establishment is made up of three schools: the Institut agro Montpellier, the Institut Agro Rennes-Angers and the Institut Agro Dijon.

Its three schools are among the 204 French engineering schools accredited as of September 1, 2020 to deliver an engineering diploma.
Lois Lane (Superman & Lois)
Lois Lane is a fictional character in The CW television series Superman & Lois, based on the DC Comics character of the same name, created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. Portrayed by Elizabeth Tulloch, Lois is a reporter for the Daily Planet and the wife of Clark Kent / Superman. Tulloch also played alternate versions of Lois Lane in the Arrowverse television series The Flash, Supergirl, Arrow, Batwoman, and DC's Legends of Tomorrow.

Sam Lane (comics)
Sam Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is the father of Lucy Lane and Lois Lane and the father-in-law of Clark Kent / Superman.

Denis Arndt and Harve Presnell portrayed the character in the series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Michael Ironside in Smallville, Glenn Morshower in Supergirl, and Dylan Walsh in Superman & Lois; and Joel de la Fuente voiced him in the animated series My Adventures with Superman.
Duncan's new multiple range test
In statistics, Duncan's new multiple range test (MRT) is a multiple comparison procedure developed by David B. Duncan in 1955. Duncan's MRT belongs to the general class of multiple comparison procedures that use the studentized range statistic qr to compare sets of means.

David B. Duncan developed this test as a modification of the Student–Newman–Keuls method that would have greater power. Duncan's MRT is especially protective against false negative (Type II) error at the expense of having a greater risk of making false positive (Type I) errors. Duncan's test is commonly used in agronomy and other agricultural research.

The result of the test is a set of subsets of means, where in each subset means have been found not to be significantly different from one another.

This test is often followed by the Compact Letter Display (CLD) methodology that renders the output of such test much more accessible to non-statistician audiences.

Multiple comparisons problem
Multiple comparisons, multiplicity or multiple testing problem occurs when many statistical tests are performed on the same dataset. Each test has its own chance of a Type I error (false positive), so the overall probability of making at least one false positive increases as the number of tests grows. In statistics, this occurs when one simultaneously considers a set of statistical inferences or estimates a subset of selected parameters based on observed values.

The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become.  Several statistical techniques have been developed to compensate for the number of inferences being made—for example, by requiring a stricter significance threshold for individual comparisons.
Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary
Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary (Thai: เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่าเชียงดาว) is a protected area in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Established on 25 August 1978, the sanctuary covers 521 km2 (201 sq mi) of the Doi Chiang Dao and southern mountainous regions of the Daen Lao Range, north of the Thanon Thong Chai Range. The tallest summit is 2,175 m (7,136 ft) high Doi Chiang Dao.

The sanctuary area is covered by various forest types, depending on altitude, including dry evergreen forests, hill evergreen forests, coniferous forests, deciduous dipterocarp forests, and meadows. It is the home to a number of endangered species of animals, such as long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus), Sumatran serows (Capricornis sumatraensis), Asian golden cats (Catopuma temminckii), and big-headed turtles (Platysternon megacephalum). Deignan's babblers (Stachyridopsis rodolphei) and Huia melasma are endemic to this area. This sanctuary is also home to Rhacophorus kio, a species of flying frog.

Thanon Thong Chai Range
The Thanon Thong Chai Range (Thai: ทิวเขาถนนธงชัย, pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw tʰānǒn tʰōŋ t͡ɕʰāj], formerly Thanon Range; Burmese Tanen Taunggyi) is a mountain range in northern Thailand. Its tallest peak is Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. Most of the range is in Chiang Mai Province, with parts in Mae Hong Son and Lamphun Provinces.

Geologically in the Thanon Thong Chai Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock. Precambrian rocks are present in this range, but absent in the ranges further east, such as the Khun Tan Range.
Rosemarie DeWitt
Rosemarie Braddock DeWitt (born October 26, 1971) is an American actress. DeWitt played Emily Lehman in the Fox television series Standoff (2006–07), co-starring with her future husband Ron Livingston. She appeared as Charmaine Craine on United States of Tara. She also was the title character in 2008's Rachel Getting Married, garnering several awards and nominations for best supporting actress. She starred as Ryan Gosling's character Sebastian's sister Laura Wilder in the Oscar-winning movie La La Land. She also starred in the horror/thriller Poltergeist (2015), a remake of the 1982 film of the same name.

Detroit Film Critics Society
The Detroit Film Critics Society (DFCS) is a film critic organization based in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It was founded in 2007, and comprises a group of over twenty film critics. To become a member, the critic must have reviewed at least twelve films a year in an established publication, with no more than two different critics per publication admitted. It presents annual awards at the end of the year, for the best films of the preceding year.
2023 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The 2023 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the 16th edition of the annual men's volleyball tournament. It was held in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, from 15 August to 20 August 2023. Ten teams competing in the tournament.

Canada won their first gold medal after defeating Brazil by 3–1. Chile defeated the hosts Mexico to claim the bronze medal. Isaac Heslinga of Canada was the most valuable player.

Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup
The Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup is a men's volleyball tournament organized by NORCECA. Initially, only NORCECA teams participated, but CSV teams have been invited since 2010. The event served as a qualifier for World League and the America's Cup. Now, the event serves as an America qualifier for the Pan American Games classification. The women have their own equivalent of the tournament, the Women's Pan-American Cup.
Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon
Claude de Rouvroy, 1st Duke of Saint-Simon (French pronunciation: [klod də ʁuvʁwa]; August 1607 – 3 May 1693), was a French soldier and courtier, and favourite of Louis XIII, who created his dukedom for him. His only son Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon (1675–1755) was the famous memoirist of the court of Louis XIV.

He was the second son of Louis de Rouvroy, Seigneur du Plessis (died 1643), who had been a warm supporter of Henri, Duke of Guise and the Catholic League.

Duke of Saint-Simon
Duke of Saint-Simon (French: duc de Saint-Simon; Spanish: duque de Saint-Simon) was a title in the Peerage of France and later in the Peerage of Spain. It was granted in 1635 to Claude de Rouvroy, comte de Rasse. The title's name refers to the seigneury that was held by the Rouvroy family at Saint-Simon in Aisne.

The dukedom passed from father to son in 1693. The second and last holder of the title, Louis de Rouvroy, has been immortalized as one of the greatest memoirists in European history.

The second duke's two sons both predeceased him, making the French dukedom extinct in 1755. However, the second duke’s title had been introduced into the Spanish peerage and granted Grandee status when he was ambassador there. This meant that the Spanish Dukedom of Saint-Simon could be inherited through the female line, and descendants continued to use this title until the 19th century.
Lawoish languages
The Lawu languages or Lawoish languages are a proposed branch of Loloish languages. Internal classification within Loloish is uncertain. It may form a branch of Central Loloish, or it may be an independent branch of Loloish. The Lawu languages are:

Lawu

Awu

Lewu

Cathryn Yang (2012) suggests that Lawu is most likely a Central Ngwi language, but notes that it does not classify with Lalo, Lahu, or the Lisoid (Lisu, Lipo, Lolopo) languages.

Awu language
Awu (Chinese: 阿邬) (autonym: lu33 ju33 za33), is an unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is spoken in Yuanyang County, Yunnan, China, including in the village of Xiaopingzi 小坪子, Daping Township 大坪乡 (Lu & Lu 2011).
Sumac (band)
Sumac (stylized as SUMAC) is an American/Canadian post-metal supergroup that formed in 2014. It features the Vancouver, British Columbia-based Nick Yacyshyn (Baptists), Seattle, Washington-based Brian Cook (Russian Circles, Botch, ex-These Arms Are Snakes) and Vashon, Washington-based Aaron Turner (Mamiffer, Old Man Gloom, ex-Isis). Sumac released its debut album The Deal through Profound Lore Records in 2015.

Old Man Gloom
Old Man Gloom is an American post-metal band originally formed in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but now based in Massachusetts. The group, formed by Aaron Turner of Isis and Santos Montano, expanded to become a sort of supergroup in the Boston hardcore and metalcore scene.
Consumer Electronics Show
CES (formerly an initialism for Consumer Electronics Show) is an annual trade show organized by the Consumer Technology Association (CTA). Held in January at the Las Vegas Convention Center in Winchester, Nevada, United States, the event typically hosts presentations of new products and technologies in the consumer electronics industry.

Plasma display
A plasma display panel is a type of flat-panel display that uses small cells containing plasma: ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Plasma televisions were the first large (over 32 inches/81 cm diagonal) flat-panel displays to be released to the public.

Until about 2007, plasma displays were commonly used in large televisions. By 2013, they had lost nearly all market share due to competition from low-cost liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Manufacturing of plasma displays for the United States retail market ended in 2014, and manufacturing for the Chinese market ended in 2016. Plasma displays are obsolete, having been superseded in most if not all aspects by OLED displays.

Competing display technologies include cathode-ray tube (CRT), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), CRT projectors, AMLCD, digital light processing (DLP), SED-tv, LED display, field emission display (FED), and quantum dot display (QLED).
Zane Kalemba
Zane Kalemba (born December 19, 1985) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who most recently for Manchester Storm in the Elite Ice Hockey League.

Kalemba grew up in Saddle Brook, New Jersey.  He played youth hockey with the New Jersey Devils Youth Hockey Club where he won a USA Hockey Bantam National Championship in 2001.  He attended Bergen Catholic High School before transferring to the Hotchkiss School at the start of his sophomore year.

Prior to turning professional, Kalemba attended the Princeton University where he played four seasons with the Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey team which competes in NCAA's Division I in the ECAC conference.

On March 8, 2018, Kalemba signed an emergency professional tryout contract with the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League after goaltender Michael Hutchinson's flight was delayed, causing him to arrive late to the game.

Bergen Catholic High School
Bergen Catholic High School is an all-male Roman Catholic high school in Oradell, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, serving students in ninth through twelfth grade.

Bergen Catholic operates under the supervision of the Archdiocese of Newark. The school draws students from a wide geographic area that includes over 100 North Jersey communities, Rockland, Orange, Westchester counties and New York City.
Texas sharpshooter fallacy
The Texas sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy committed when differences in data are ignored, but similarities are overemphasized. From this reasoning, a false conclusion is inferred. This fallacy is the philosophical or rhetorical application of the multiple comparisons problem (in statistics) and apophenia (in cognitive psychology). It is related to the clustering illusion, which is the tendency in human cognition to interpret patterns where none actually exist.

The name comes from a metaphor about a person from Texas who fires a gun at the side of a barn, then paints a shooting target centered on the tightest cluster of shots and claims to be a sharpshooter.

Apophenia
Apophenia (/æpoʊˈfiːniə/) is the tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things.

The term (German: Apophänie from the Greek verb: ἀποφαίνειν, romanized: apophaínein) was coined by psychiatrist Klaus Conrad in his 1958 publication on the beginning stages of schizophrenia. He defined it as "unmotivated seeing of connections [accompanied by] a specific feeling of abnormal meaningfulness". He described the early stages of delusional thought as self-referential over-interpretations of actual sensory perceptions, as opposed to hallucinations.

Apophenia has also come to describe a human propensity to unreasonably seek definite patterns in random information, which can occur in gambling.
Glycinol (pterocarpan)
Glycinol is a pterocarpan, a type of natural phenol. It is a phytoalexin found in the soybean (Glycine max). It is formed by the cyclisation of daidzein.

More recent literature supports that glycinol has potent phytoestrogenic activity.

The so-called osteogenesis that is causes is postulated to be a preventative factor for osteoporosis.

It can be synthethised chemically and possesses two chiral centers.

Glycinol is the direct precursor of glyceollins through the action of a prenyltransferase.

Experiments show that the 6a oxygen of glycinol is derived from molecular oxygen.

Glyceollin
Glyceollins are a family of prenylated pterocarpans found in ineffective types of nodule in soybean in response to symbiotic infection.

It possesses two chiral centers and can be asymmetrically synthesized chemically at a gram level scale.

Molecules found in the family are :

Glyceollin I

Glyceollin II

Glyceollin III

Glyceollin IV
3 Enoch
The Third Book of Enoch (Hebrew: ספר חנוך לר׳ ישמעאל כ׳׳ג‬), also known as The Book of the Palaces, The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest and The Elevation of Metatron, and abbreviated as 3 Enoch) is a Jewish apocryphal book.

Jewish apocrypha
The Jewish apocrypha (Hebrew: הספרים החיצוניים, romanized: HaSefarim haChitzoniyim, lit. 'the external books') are religious texts written in large part by Jews, especially during the Second Temple period, not accepted as sacred manuscripts when the Hebrew Bible was canonized. Some of these books are considered sacred in certain Christian denominations and are included in their versions of the Old Testament. The Jewish apocrypha is distinctive from the New Testament apocrypha and Christian biblical apocrypha as it is the only one of these collections which works within a Jewish theological framework.
Sa'id I ibn Idris
Sa'id I ibn Idris (760–803) (Arabic: سعيد بن ادريس الأول) was emir of Nekor. He moved the capital from Temsaman to Nekor. The city was later sacked by the Normans, who took many prisoners, a few of whom were ransomed by the Umayyad ruler of Spain. Later, part of the Ghomara tribe revolted, led by a person called Segguen; their revolt was defeated.

Sa'id I ibn Idris is the ancestor of the Berber Jebala people of Tangier, Tétouan and Chefchaouen.

Ghomaras
The Ghomara (Arabic: غمارة, romanized: Ghumāra, Berber languages: ⵉⵖⵎⴰⵔⵏ Ighmaren) are a group of tribes in northern Morocco belonging to the Berbers. They live in the western Rif, in the area of Chefchaouen and Tetouan.

Originally, Ghomaras were a Berber tribal group belonging to the Masmuda confederacy. While most have shifted to speaking Arabic, a minority continue to speak the Berber Ghomara language.
Commercial buildings in Sycamore Historic District
The commercial buildings in the Sycamore Historic District, located in Sycamore, Illinois, United States, are mostly located in and around the city's downtown. The largest concentration of commercial contributing properties to the historic district are found along Illinois Route 64 as it passes through Sycamore. They include several buildings known as "blocks" which can consist of more than one adjacent and attached structure, as is the case with the Waterman Block, one of the Sycamore commercial buildings.

Sycamore Historic District
The Sycamore Historic District is a meandering area encompassing 99 acres (400,000 m2) of the land in and around the downtown of the DeKalb County, Illinois county seat, Sycamore. The area includes historic buildings and a number of historical and Victorian homes. Some significant structures are among those located within the Historic District including the DeKalb County Courthouse and the Sycamore Public Library. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 2, 1978.

There are over 200 properties within the irregular boundaries of the Sycamore Historic District. Of those, 187 are considered contributing properties to the historic district, and 22 are non-contributing. Of all of the district's homes and buildings 75% fit within the historic district concept. Some of the major structures include several prominent Queen Anne style mansions, the Sycamore library, the DeKalb County Courthouse, and dozens of mid- to late 19th-century houses.
Milo, Catania
Milo (Sicilian: Milu) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Catania.

Milo borders the following municipalities: Giarre, Sant'Alfio, Zafferana Etnea.

Zafferana Etnea
Zafferana Etnea (Italian pronunciation: [dzaffeˈraːna etˈnɛːa]; Sicilian: Zafarana [tsafaˈɾaːna]) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Catania in the Italian region Sicily, located about 160 kilometres (99 mi) southeast of Palermo and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Catania.

The municipality of Zafferana Etnea contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Fleri, Pisano, Petrulli; Sarro-Civita, Passopomo, Airone-Emmaus, Poggiofelice, and Caselle.

Zafferana Etnea borders the following municipalities: Aci Sant'Antonio, Acireale, Adrano, Belpasso, Biancavilla, Bronte, Castiglione di Sicilia, Giarre, Maletto, Milo, Nicolosi, Pedara, Randazzo, Sant'Alfio, Santa Venerina, Trecastagni, Viagrande.
Nostitz family
The House of Nostitz (Czech: Nostic) is an old and influential Silesian aristocratic family, whose members occupied many important positions within Holy Roman Empire and later in Austria, Bohemia, Germany, and Russia.

County of Rieneck
The County of Rieneck was a comital domain within the Holy Roman Empire that lay in what is now northwestern Bavaria (in the west of Lower Franconia). It bore the same name as its original ruling family, the Counts of Rieneck, from whom the county and its main seat, the town of Rieneck, got their names.
Arab on Radar
Arab on Radar was a Providence, Rhode Island–based noise rock band founded in 1994. They went on hiatus in 2002. Members of the band went on to form or join the bands including The Chinese Stars, Athletic Automaton, Made in Mexico, Doomsday Student, and Psychic Graveyard. The band re-formed in 2010 but promptly disbanded.

The Locust
The Locust was an American hardcore punk band from San Diego, California, known for their mix of grindcore aggression and new wave experimentation.

The band has been noted for their use of insect costumes when performing live.