hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Arosa
Arosa is a town and a municipality in the Plessur Region in the canton of the Grisons in Switzerland. It is both a summer and a winter tourist resort.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis, Peist and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.

At the end of 2013 the Arosa ski resort was linked with Lenzerheide by cable-car, creating the new ski resort of Arosa Lenzerheide; since that change, transport passes have been valid in both resorts.

The official language of Arosa is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

The resort is known throughout Switzerland for its famous ice hockey team, the EHC Arosa which used to be one of the most successful teams in the country.

Peist
Peist is a former municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Peist, Calfreisen, Castiel, Langwies, Lüen, Molinis and St. Peter-Pagig merged into the municipality of Arosa.
English cricket team in Sri Lanka in 2003–04
Sri Lanka won the 3 match series 1-0 and 4 limited overs matches, one of which was the Bungle in the jungle.

Sri Lanka won the Test series by winning 1 of the 3 matches with 2 drawn:

1st Test (Galle International Stadium) – match drawn

2nd Test (Asgiriya Stadium, Kandy) – match drawn

3rd Test (Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo) – Sri Lanka won by an innings and 215 runs

Bungle in the jungle
The Bungle in the jungle is an epithet, given to a cricket match played on 18 November 2003. It was an "unmitigated disaster" for England.

Played at the Dambulla stadium, in the Sri Lankan jungle, this One Day International is notable for the dismissal of the England cricket team for just 88 runs.  In the 477 One day internationals played by England, this aggregate was only two runs more than their worst display. Sri Lanka achieved the 89 runs required to win in just 13.5 of their permitted 50 overs, for the loss of no wickets and a "comprehensive victory". In Wisden's words, England were "battered". The disastrous England score was attributed to "a flurry of misjudgments, over-ambition, and world-class fielding".
Castello di Serravalle
Castello di Serravalle is a town in the comune of Valsamoggia in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of Bologna. Until 1 January 2014 it was an independent comune.

Valsamoggia
Valsamoggia (Bolognese: Valsamûz) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It was created on 1 January 2014 after the merger of the former communes of Bazzano (the current town hall seat), Castello di Serravalle, Crespellano, Monteveglio and Savigno.

The Italian painters, Alessandro Scorzoni and Antonino Sartini, were born in this municipality.

The frazione of Zappolino in the Middle Ages was the location of a battle between the communes of Modena and Bologna.
Bernezzo
Bernezzo (Occitan, Bernès) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Turin and about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Cuneo.

Bernezzo borders the following municipalities: Caraglio, Cervasca, Rittana, Roccasparvera, and Valgrana.

Roccasparvera
Roccasparvera is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) south of Turin and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) southwest of Cuneo.

Roccasparvera borders the following municipalities: Bernezzo, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Cervasca, Gaiola, Rittana, and Vignolo.
Hakim family
The Hakim family is a prominent family of Shiite Islam scholars from Najaf, Iraq who claim descent from the Alids. They belong to a Tabatabaei branch whose scholarly involvement has revolved around Iraq for centuries. The family faced extensive persecution and executions at the hand of Saddam Hussein's government, yet it maintains a prominent role in Iraq and the Middle East.

Ammar al-Hakim
Sayyid Ammar al-Hakim (Arabic: عمار الحكيم; b. 1971) is an Iraqi cleric and politician who led the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI), from 2009 to 2017. He is currently the head of the National Wisdom Movement which is a political coalition in Iraq that was formed to contest the 2018 general election.
Congenital absence of the vas deferens
Congenital absence of the vas deferens (CAVD) is a condition in which the vasa deferentia reproductive organs fail to form properly prior to birth. It may either be unilateral (CUAVD) or bilateral (CBAVD).

Azoospermia
Azoospermia is the medical condition of a man whose semen contains no sperm. It is associated with male infertility, but many forms are amenable to medical treatment. In humans, azoospermia affects about 1% of the male population and may be seen in up to 20% of male infertility situations in Canada.

In a non-pathological context, azoospermia is also the intended result of a vasectomy.
Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds
The Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), or Large Heavy Ion National Accelerator, is a French national nuclear physics research center in Caen. The facility has been in operation since 1983 and consists primarily of two serialised synchrocyclotrons. It is a part of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), more specifically the CEA Paris-Saclay center.

CEA Paris-Saclay
The CEA Paris-Saclay center is one of nine centers belonging to the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). Following a reorganization in 2017, the center consists of multiple sites, including the CEA Saclay site (formerly a "center"), the Fontenay-aux-Roses site and the sites of Paris, Évry, Orsay and Caen.

Historically, as the main Saclay site was the heart of French nuclear research it was called the Saclay Center for Nuclear Studies (CEN Saclay) prior to the shift towards other fields of research and innovation besides nuclear.

The center has close ties with Paris-Saclay University, being located on the Saclay plateau and active in the Paris-Saclay project for innovation.
Astragalus oocarpus
Astragalus oocarpus is a rare species of milkvetch known by the common names San Diego milkvetch and Descanso milkvetch.

It is endemic to southern California, where it is known only from the Peninsular Ranges of San Diego County. Its range may extend north into Riverside County. It is a plant of the chaparral slopes and woodlands of the mountains.

Astragalus (plant)
Astragalus is a large genus of over 3,000 species of herbs and small shrubs, belonging to the legume family Fabaceae and the subfamily Faboideae. It is the largest genus of plants in terms of described species. The genus is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names include milkvetch (most species), locoweed (in North America, some species) and goat's-thorn (A. gummifer, A. tragacantha). Some pale-flowered vetches (Vicia spp.) are similar in appearance, but they are more vine-like than Astragalus.
Elizabeth Longford Prize
The Elizabeth Longford Prize for Historical Biography was established in 2003 in memory of Elizabeth Longford (1906-2002), the British author, biographer and historian. The £5,000 prize is awarded annually for a historical biography published in the preceding year.

The Elizabeth Longford Prize is sponsored by Flora Fraser and Peter Soros and administered by the Society of Authors.

Society of Authors
The Society of Authors (SoA) is a United Kingdom trade union for professional writers, illustrators and literary translators, founded in 1884 to protect the rights and further the interests of authors. Membership of the society is open to "anyone who creates work for publication, broadcast or performance" and the society both gives individual advice and 'voices concerns' about 'authors’ rights, the publishing and creative industries and wider cultural matters.' In 2024 membership stood at 12,500. The SoA is a company on the special register body and an affiliated trade union.

Members of SoA have included Tennyson (first president), George Bernard Shaw, John Galsworthy, Alasdair Gray, John Edward Masefield, Thomas Hardy, H. G. Wells, J. M. Barrie and E. M. Forster. Contemporary members include Malorie Blackman,  Philip Gross, and Lemn Sissay.
Okot p'Bitek
Okot p'Bitek (7 June 1931 – 19 July 1982) was a Ugandan poet, who achieved wide international recognition for Song of Lawino, a long poem dealing with the tribulations of a rural African wife whose husband has taken up urban life and wishes everything to be westernised. Song of Lawino was originally written in the Acholi dialect of Southern Luo, translated by the author into English, and published in 1966. It was a breakthrough work, creating an audience among anglophone Africans for direct, topical poetry in English; and incorporating traditional attitudes and thinking in an accessible yet faithful literary vehicle. It was followed by the Song of Ocol (1970), the husband's reply.

The "East African Song School" or "Okot School poetry" is now an academic identification of the work following his direction, also popularly called "comic singing": a forceful type of dramatic verse monologue rooted in traditional song and phraseology.

Acholi people
The Acholi people (/əˈtʃoʊ.li/ ə-CHOH-li, also spelled Acoli) are a Nilotic ethnic group of Luo peoples (also spelled Lwo), found in Magwi County in South Sudan and Northern Uganda (an area commonly referred to as Acholiland), including the districts of Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Nwoya, Lamwo, Pader and Omoro District. The Acholi living in Uganda were estimated to number 1.9 million people in 2024 and over 45,000 more were living in South Sudan in 2000.
Worsley Navigable Levels
53°30′2.2″N 2°22′52.2″W﻿ / ﻿53.500611°N 2.381167°W﻿ / 53.500611; -2.381167

The Worsley Navigable Levels are an extensive series of coal mines in Worsley in the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. They were worked largely by the use of underground canals (the navigable levels) and boats called starvationers.

Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater (21 May 1736 – 8 March 1803), known as Lord Francis Egerton until 1748, was a British peer from the Egerton family. He was the youngest son of the 1st Duke.  He did not marry, and the dukedom expired with him, although the earldom was inherited by a cousin, Lieutenant-General John Egerton.

A pioneer of canal construction, he is famed as the "father of British inland navigation", who commissioned the Bridgewater Canal—often said to be the first true canal in Britain, and the modern world. The canal was built for him by his agent John Gilbert with advice from James Brindley to service his coal mines at Worsley, in Lancashire.
Portugalete
Portugalete is a town lying to the west of Bilbao in the province of Biscay in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.

The town has 45,294 inhabitants as of 2021 and is part of Bilbao's metropolitan area. It is located at the mouth of the Estuary of Bilbao, on the left bank. Its land area is only 3.21 km², resulting in a population density of 15,908.4 persons/km², the fifth-most densely populated municipality in Spain (following Mislata, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Benetússer, and Santa Coloma de Gramenet). It was established in 1322 by María Díaz de Haro.

Greater Bilbao
Greater Bilbao (Basque: Bilboaldea, Spanish: Gran Bilbao) is an administrative division of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. It is one of the seven comarcas of Biscay and the most populated. The capital city of Greater Bilbao is Bilbao.

Greater Bilbao is formed by the municipalities situated along the Estuary of Bilbao which themselves form a metropolitan area, the fifth most populous in Spain.
Poole Heritage Cycle Route
The Poole Heritage Cycle Route is a circular cycleway and walk, 7.5 miles long, that takes in the historic points of interest in the town of Poole, Dorset, on the south coast of England.

The heritage cycle route is 7¼ miles long and visits historic sights in Poole town centre, Poole Quay and Upton Country Park. It runs along the shoreline of Poole Harbour and Holes Bay and has "beautiful views of the harbour."

Poole Harbour
Poole Harbour is a large natural harbour in Dorset, southern England, with the town of Poole on its shores. The harbour is a drowned valley (ria) formed at the end of the last ice age and is the estuary of several rivers, the largest being the Frome. The harbour has a long history of human settlement stretching to pre-Roman times. The harbour is extremely shallow (average depth 48 cm [19 in]), with one main dredged channel through the harbour, from the mouth to Holes Bay.

Poole Harbour has an area of approximately 36 km2 (14 sq mi). It is one of several which lay claim to the title of "second largest natural harbour in the world" (after Port Jackson, Sydney).
Un chariot dans l'Ouest
Un chariot dans l'Ouest (A Carriage in the West) is the first in Les Tuniques Bleues comic series by Louis Salvérius and Raoul Cauvin. It was published for the first time at No. 1689 and No. 1706 in Spirou magazine in 1970, then as an album in 1972.

Les Tuniques Bleues
Les Tuniques Bleues (Dutch: De Blauwbloezen) is a Belgian series of bandes dessinées (comic books in the Franco-Belgian tradition), first published in Spirou magazine and later collected in albums by Dupuis. Created by artist Louis Salvérius and writer Raoul Cauvin, the series was taken up by artist Lambil after Salverius' death. It follows two United States Army cavalrymen through a series of battles and adventures. The first album of the series was published in 1970. The series' name, Les Tuniques Bleues, literally "the bluecoats", refers to the uniforms of the Union Army during the American Civil War. Cinebook has started to print the comics in English as "The Bluecoats", releasing Robertsonville Prison in 2008. It is one of the best-selling series in French-language comics.
Ricky (Trailer Park Boys)
Richard "Ricky" LaFleur is a fictional character in the Canadian television series Trailer Park Boys. He is one of the three main protagonists on the show, along with Julian and Bubbles. Portrayed by Robb Wells, the character was created by series creator Mike Clattenburg. Ricky also appears in five films; two short, and three feature length. Before the show, he appeared in the short films The Cart Boy (1995), and Trailer Park Boys (1999). He appears in the feature-length films: Trailer Park Boys: The Movie (2006), Countdown to Liquor Day (2009), and Don't Legalize It (2014). Ricky also appears in numerous spin-offs, including Out of the Park: Europe, Out of the Park: USA, and The Animated Series, for which the latter Robb Wells voices him.

Season 12's first episode "Chlamydia" officially revealed Ricky's last name to be LaFleur.

Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series
Trailer Park Boys: The Animated Series is a Canadian adult animated sitcom created by John Paul Tremblay, Robb Wells, and Mike Smith. The series is a spin-off and sequel to the 2001 television mockumentary comedy series, Trailer Park Boys, itself a sequel to Mike Clattenburg's 1999 film of the same name.

Picking up after the events of the original series' twelfth season, The Animated Series continues to follow the misadventures of a group of trailer park residents, some of whom are ex-convicts, living in the fictional Sunnyvale Trailer Park in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

The series premiered on Netflix on March 31, 2019. A second season was released on May 22, 2020.
Cerrione
Cerrione is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Biella.

Cerrione borders the following municipalities: Borriana, Magnano, Roppolo, Salussola, Sandigliano, Verrone, Zimone, Zubiena.

Biella-Cerrione Airfield is located in Cerrione.

Zimone
Zimone (Zimon in Piedmontese) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Turin and about 14 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Biella.

Zimone borders the following municipalities: Cerrione, Magnano, Piverone, Roppolo, Viverone.
Tateishia concinna
Tateishia concinna is an ornamental plant in the family Fabaceae. Formerly considered part of the genus Desmodium, recent work (2018) places it into a new genus, Tateishia, along with one other species, Tateishia retusa.

Tateishia
Tateishia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae.

Its native range stretches from the Indian subcontinent to southern China, Myanmar and the Philippines.
It is found in Assam, Bangladesh, China, East and West Himalayas, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Philippines.

The genus was circumscribed by Hiroyoshi Ohashi and Kazuaki K. Ohashi in J. Jap. Bot. vol.93 (3) on page 178 in 2018.

The genus name of Tateishia is in honour of Yoichi Tateishi (b.1948), a Japanese botanist and Professor at the University of the Ryukyus in  Okinawa, Japan.

Species:

Tateishia bolsteri (Merr. & Rolfe) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

Tateishia concinna (DC.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi

Tateishia retusa (D.Don) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi
Middle Persian
Middle Persian, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg  (Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭯𐭠𐭫𐭮𐭩𐭪, Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫐‎, Avestan script: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬯𐬍𐬐) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, the official language of Iran (also known as Persia), Afghanistan (Dari) and Tajikistan (Tajik).

Avestan
Avestan (/əˈvɛstən/ ə-VESS-tən) is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. It belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and was originally spoken during the Avestan period (c. 1500 – c. 400 BCE) by the Iranians living in eastern Greater Iran as evidenced from names in Avestan geography.

After Avestan became extinct, its religious texts were transmitted orally, then collected and put into writing during the Sasanian period (c. 400 – c. 500 CE). The extant material falls into two groups: Old Avestan (c. 1500 – c. 900 BCE) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 – c. 400 BCE). The immediate ancestor of Old Avestan was the Proto-Iranian language, a sister language to the Proto-Indo-Aryan language, with both having developed from the earlier Proto-Indo-Iranian language. As such, Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan language.
South Dublin
South Dublin (Irish: Átha Cliath Theas) is a county in Ireland, within the province of Leinster and the Eastern and Midland Region. It is one of three successor counties to County Dublin, which was disestablished for administrative purposes in 1994. South Dublin County Council is the local authority for the county. The county contains both dense suburbs of Dublin and stretches of unpopulated mountains. In 2022 it had a population of 301,075, making it the fourth most populous county in the state.

Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island. They began as Norman structures, and as the powers exercised by the Cambro-Norman barons and the Old English nobility waned over time, new offices of political control were established at a county level. The number of counties varied depending on the time period, however thirty-two is the traditionally accepted and used number.

In 1921, upon the partition of Ireland, six of the traditional counties became part of Northern Ireland. In Northern Ireland, counties ceased to be used for local government in 1973. Districts are instead used. In the Republic of Ireland, some counties have been split, resulting in the creation of new counties: there are currently 26 counties, 3 cities and 2 cities and counties that demarcate areas of local government in the Republic.
Folliculogenesis
Although the process is similar in many animals, this article will deal exclusively with human folliculogenesis.

In biology, folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small primordial follicles into large preovulatory follicles that occurs in part during the menstrual cycle.

Contrary to male spermatogenesis, which can last indefinitely, folliculogenesis ends when the remaining follicles in the ovaries are incapable of responding to the hormonal cues that previously recruited some follicles to mature. This depletion in follicle supply signals the beginning of menopause. Each cycle of folliculogenesis, for a follicle, lasts around 2 months and a half.

Follicular phase
The follicular phase, also known as the preovulatory phase or proliferative phase, is the phase of the estrous cycle (or, in primates for example, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature from primary follicle to a fully mature Graafian follicle. It ends with ovulation. The main hormones controlling this stage are secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, which are follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinising hormones. They are released by pulsatile secretion. The duration of the follicular phase can differ depending on the length of the menstrual cycle, while the luteal phase is usually stable, does not really change and lasts 14 days.
Norman Collins
Norman Richard Collins (3 October 1907 – 6 September 1982) was a British writer, and later a radio and television executive, who became one of the major figures behind the establishment of the Independent Television (ITV) network in the UK. This was the first organisation to break the BBC's broadcasting monopoly when it began transmitting in 1955.

London Belongs to Me
London Belongs to Me (also known as Dulcimer Street) is a British film released in 1948, directed by Sidney Gilliat, and starring Richard Attenborough and Alastair Sim. It was based on the novel London Belongs to Me by Norman Collins, which was also the basis for a seven-part series made by Thames Television shown in 1977.
WAP gateway
A WAP gateway sits between mobile devices using the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the World Wide Web, passing pages from one to the other much like a proxy. This translates pages into a form suitable for the mobiles, for instance using the Wireless Markup Language (WML). This process is hidden from the phone, so it may access the page in the same way as a browser accesses HTML, using a URL (for example, http://example.com/foo.wml), provided the mobile phone operator has not specifically prevented this. WAP gateway software encodes and decodes requests and responses between the smartphones, microbrowser and internet. It decodes the encoded WAP requests from the microbrowser and send the HTTP requests to the internet or to a local application server. It also encodes the WML and HDML data returning from the web for transmission to the microbrowser in the handset.

Wireless Markup Language
Wireless Markup Language (WML),  based on XML, is an obsolete markup language intended for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) specification, such as mobile phones. It provides navigational support, data input, hyperlinks, text and image presentation, and forms, much like HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It preceded the use of other markup languages used with WAP, such as XHTML and HTML itself, which achieved dominance as processing power in mobile devices increased.