hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Convoy SC 121
Convoy SC 121 was the 121st of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island to Liverpool. The ships departed New York City 23 February 1943; and were met by the Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group A-3 consisting of the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Treasury-class cutter USCGC Spencer, the American Wickes-class destroyer USS Greer, the British and Canadian Flower-class corvettes HMS Dianthus, HMCS Rosthern, HMCS Trillium and HMCS Dauphin and the convoy rescue ship Melrose Abbey. Three of the escorts had defective sonar and three had unserviceable radar.

Mid-ocean escort force
Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) referred to the organisation of anti-submarine escorts for World War II trade convoys between Canada and Newfoundland, and the British Isles.  The allocation of United States, British and Canadian escorts to these convoys reflected preferences of the United States upon United States' declaration of war and the organisation persisted through the winter of 1942–43 despite withdrawal of United States ships from the escort groups.  By the summer of 1943, United States Atlantic escorts were focused on the faster CU convoys and the UG convoys between Chesapeake Bay and the Mediterranean Sea; and only British and Canadian escorts remained on the HX, SC and ON convoys.
2022 WTA Finals
The 2022 WTA Finals was the professional women's year-end championship tennis tournament run by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) from October 31 to November 7, 2022. It was the 51st edition of the singles event and the 46th edition of the doubles competition. The tournament was held on an indoor hardcourt at the Dickies Arena in Fort Worth, Texas, marking the return of the tournament to the United States after 17 years, and was contested by the eight highest-ranked singles players and doubles teams of the 2022 WTA Tour.

Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players
In 2022, tennis players representing Russia and Belarus were banned from competing at the year's Wimbledon Championships and other UK tennis tournaments. In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the UK government pressured the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC), which organizes Wimbledon (one of the four Grand Slam tournaments), to impose the ban. International tennis bodies and many players opposed the ban, including the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), which decided not to award ranking points for Wimbledon results that year.
Stictocephala
Stictocephala is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae; in the subfamily Smiliinae and tribe Ceresini. Species appear to be distributed mostly in North America, but S. bisonia has become widely distributed in Europe.

Smiliinae
Smiliinae is a subfamily of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. These are bugs and include about 100 genera (and 4 unorganized genera) in 10 tribes, most which are found in the Americas, with the exception of the tribe Ceresini which has Palaearctic representatives.
Hakone Tozan Cable Car
The Hakone Tozan Cable Car (Japanese: 箱根登山ケーブルカー, Hepburn: Hakone Tozan Kēburukā), officially the Cable Line (鋼索線, Kōsaku-sen), is a funicular railway in the town of Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan. It is operated by Odakyu Hakone, a Odakyu Group company who also operates the Hakone Tozan Train.

The funicular links Gōra, the upper terminus of the railway line, with Sōunzan 214 metres (702 ft) above. At Sōunzan, connection is made with the Hakone Ropeway, which runs to Tōgendai on Lake Ashi.

Opened in 1922, the line was rebuilt in 1995, when new cars replaced the old. In March 2020, the cars were replaced again with two new two-car red and blue trainsets supplied by Keio Juuki Seibi Co. Each trainset is able to accommodate up to 250 passengers.

Odakyu Hakone
Odakyu Hakone Co., Ltd. (Japanese: 株式会社小田急箱根, Hepburn: Kabushiki Gaisha Odakyū Hakone) is a private railway company headquartered in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and is a part of the Odakyu Group.
Burmah Oil
The Burmah Oil Company was a leading British oil company which was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 1966, Castrol was acquired by Burmah, which was renamed Burmah-Castrol. BP Amoco purchased the company in 2000.

Anglo-Persian Oil Company
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; Persian: شرکت نفت ایران و انگلیس) was a British company founded in 1909 following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Persia (Iran). The British government purchased 51% of the company in 1914, gaining a controlling number of shares, effectively nationalizing the company. It was the first company to extract petroleum from Iran. In 1935 APOC was renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) when Reza Shah formally asked foreign countries to refer to Persia by its endonym Iran.

In 1954, it was renamed again to The British Petroleum Company, one of the antecedents of the modern BP public limited company. The government of Mohammad Mosaddegh nationalized the company's local infrastructure assets and gave the new company the name National Iranian Oil Company.
Presteign railway station
Presteign Railway Station was a railway station serving the town of Presteigne, Radnorshire, Wales. It was a terminus on the Leominster and Kington Railway.

The Kington & Presteigne Railway opened on 9 September 1875. Commencing at Titley Junction, through Staunton on Arrow, in front of the Rodd farm at Roddhurst, via Corton into Presteigne.

By 1929 it was possible to join one of the three steam trains a day – each way – and make the 6 hour journey to London.

The passenger service on this line ended in 1951, but a freight service continued to run every other day until the line was finally closed for good in September 1964.

Presteigne
Presteigne (/prɛsˈtiːn/; Welsh: Llanandras: the church of St. Andrew) is a town and community on the south bank of the River Lugg in Powys, Wales. The town is located on the England–Wales border, which surrounds it to the north, east and south. Nearby towns are Kington, Herefordshire to the south and Knighton to the north, and surrounding villages include Norton (within the community) and Stapleton. The community has a population of 2,710; the built-up area had a population of 2,056.

Presteigne was formerly the county town of the historic county of Radnorshire. Despite being in Wales, it is part of the diocese of Hereford in the Church of England.
Vilnius Gymnasiums
Vilnius Boys' Gymnasiums  (Russian: Виленские мужские гимназии, romanized: Vilenskiye muzhskiye gimnazii) were two secondary education institutions that existed in Vilnius while it was part of the Russian Empire. The 1st Gymnasium was opened in 1803 and closed in 1918. The 1st and 2nd gymnasiums were located on the premises of Vilnius University, abolished after the failed November Uprising of 1830. Vilnius Girls' Gymnasium was established in 1860.

Vilnius Girls' Gymnasium
Vilnius Girls' Gymnasium was a secondary education institution for girls in Vilnius while it was part of the Russian Empire. It was established in 1860 with the funding from the Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria and was viewed as a tool of Russification by the officials. Therefore, it was not popular and there were only 58 students in 1862. Officials considered reorganizing it into a three-year school. However, gradually the number of students increased and reached 831 in 1912. Most of the students were daughters of the nobility. The school was evacuated to Russia during World War I.
Bessville, Missouri
Bessville is an unincorporated community in the southern part of Crooked Creek Township in eastern Bollinger County, Missouri, United States. The community lies on the east bank of Crooked Creek and at the end of Missouri Route OO. It is located approximately seven miles northwest of Marble Hill and 5.5 miles southeast of Marquand in adjacent Madison County.

The community was established as a stop on the Belmont branch of the Iron Mountain Railroad. It was laid out soon after the railroad was built in 1869. The community was named for Sam Bess, who ran the first store, and Levi Bess, who was the community's first postmaster. The first post office in the area operated between 1856–1864, and then again between 1871-1955 after the construction of the railroad.

Bollinger County, Missouri
Bollinger County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 10,567. The county seat, largest and only city, is Marble Hill. The largely rural county is supported by agriculture and construction. The county was officially organized in March 1851 from portions of Wayne, Cape Girardeau and Stoddard Counties, and named in honor of George Frederick Bollinger, an early settler.

Bollinger County is part of the Cape Girardeau, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is the home of the "Missouri dinosaur" discovered at an archaeological dig near Glen Allen in 1942. Blue Pond, the deepest natural pond in Missouri, is located in the southern portion of the county.
Nürburgring 24 Hours
The Nürburgring 24 Hours is a 24-hour annual touring car and GT endurance racing event that takes place on a combination of the Nordschleife ("North Loop") and the GP-Strecke ("Grand Prix track") circuits of the Nürburgring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Held since 1970, the over 25.3 km (15.7 mi) lap length allows more than 200 cars and over 700 drivers to participate.

Starting in 2024, the event has been officially named ADAC RAVENOL 24h Nürburgring for sponsorship reasons. Furthermore, the 2024 season of the race was included in the Intercontinental GT Challenge calendar.

Intercontinental GT Challenge
The Intercontinental GT Challenge (IGTC) is a sports car racing series developed by the SRO Group in 2016. It consists of international endurance races for grand tourer racing cars complying with the FIA's GT3 regulations.
Ginza Rabba
The Ginza Rabba (Classical Mandaic: ࡂࡉࡍࡆࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ, romanized: Ginzā Rbā, lit. 'Great Treasury', Modern Mandaic pronunciation: [ˈgɪnza ˈrɑbbɑ]), Ginza Rba, or Sidra Rabba (Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡉࡃࡓࡀ ࡓࡁࡀ, romanized: Sidrā Rbā, lit. 'Great Book'), and formerly the Codex Nasaraeus, is the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism.

The Ginza Rabba is composed of two parts: the Right Ginza (GR) and the Left Ginza (GL). The Right Ginza is composed of eighteen tractates and covers a variety of themes and topics, whereas the three tractates that make up the Left Ginza are unified in their focus on the fate of the soul after death. The Left Ginza is also occasionally referred to as the Book of Adam.

Jabbar Choheili
Sheikh (Rabbi) Ganzibra Jabbar Choheili (Persian: جبار چحیلی, also known as Sheikh  Jabbar Ṭawūsī Al-Kuhaili, Arabic: جبار طاووس الكحيلي; born 1923, died December 27, 2014) was an Iranian Mandaean priest, the head of the Mandaean Council of Ahvaz, which presides over the Mandaean community of Iran.
Reloncaví Sound
Reloncaví Sound or Seno de Reloncaví is a body of water immediately south of Puerto Montt, a port city in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. It is the place where the Chilean Central Valley meets the Pacific Ocean.

The Calbuco Archipelago comprises the islands in the sound, including Tenglo, Maillén, and Huar Islands. Puluqui Island and Queulín Island separate the sound from the Gulf of Ancud.

The Carretera Austral runs along the eastern shore of the sound, but is interrupted in the area where the Reloncaví Estuary opens into this wide sound. Located in this same area is the Alerce Andino National Park, home to ancient alerce trees. Chamiza Wetland makes up a segment of Relonvací Sound northern shore east of Puerto Montt.

Carretera Austral
The Carretera Austral (CH-7, in English: Southern Way) is the name given to Chile's Route 7. The highway runs south for about 1,240 kilometers (770 mi) from Puerto Montt to Villa O'Higgins, passing through rural Patagonia.

Carretera Austral provides road access to Chile's Aysén Region and southern parts of Los Lagos Region. These areas are sparsely populated and despite its length, Carretera Austral provides access to only about 100,000 people. The largest city along the entire road is Coyhaique with a population of 53,715 in 2010.
Execution by firing squad
Execution by firing squad, historically called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.

Ralph Menzies
Ralph Leroy Menzies (April 21, 1958 – November 26, 2025) was an American convicted murderer who was on death row in Utah for the 1986 murder of Maurine Hunsaker (February 28, 1959 – February 25, 1986), a gas station attendant whom he kidnapped before slitting her throat. Menzies was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death on March 23, 1988. His scheduled September 5, 2025, execution was put on hold for a competency re-evaluation. Before the competency evaluation could be completed, Menzies died of natural causes.

When Douglas Stewart Carter's death sentence was overturned in May 2025, Menzies became Utah's longest-serving death row inmate, having been sentenced to death in 1988.
Frithiof's Saga
Frithiof's Saga (Old Norse: Friðþjófs saga ins frœkna) is a legendary saga from Iceland which in its present form is from ca. 1300. It is a continuation from The Saga of Thorstein  Víkingsson (Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar). It takes place principally in Norway during the 8th century.

Legendary saga
A legendary saga or fornaldarsaga (literally, "story/history of the ancient era") is a Norse saga that, unlike the Icelanders' sagas, takes place before the settlement of Iceland. There are some exceptions, such as Yngvars saga víðförla, which takes place in the 11th century. The sagas were probably all written in Iceland, from about the middle of the 13th century to about 1400, although it is possible that some may be of a later date, such as Hrólfs saga kraka.
Ik Onkar
Ik Onkar is a phrase in Sikhism that denotes the one supreme reality. It is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy.

Ik Onkar are the first words of the Mul Mantar and also the opening words of the Sikh holy scripture Guru Granth Sahib. The first symbol "ik" is actually not a word but the Punjabi symbol for the number 1.

Ik (ਇੱਕ) is interpreted as "one and only one, who cannot be compared or contrasted with any other", the "unmanifest, Lord in power, the holy word, the primal manifestation of the Godhead by which and in which all live, move and have their being and by which all find a way back to Absolute God, the Supreme Reality."

Ik Onkar has a distinct spelling in the Gurmukhi script and the phrase is found in many Sikh religious scriptures and inscribed in places of worship such as gurdwaras. Some Sikh flags are decorated with the Ik Onkar glyph.

Waheguru
Waheguru (Punjabi: ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, romanized: vāhigurū, pronunciation: [ʋaːɦɪɡuɾuː], literally meaning "Wow Guru", figuratively translated to mean "Wonderful God" or "Wonderful Lord") is a term used in Sikhism to refer to God as described in Guru Granth Sahib. It is the most common term to refer to God in modern Sikhism.
Aranui High School
Aranui High School was a large secondary school for years 9–13, in Christchurch, New Zealand. Aranui High School took its name from the suburb of Aranui, meaning 'big pathway' in Māori. Aranui High School was a coeducational alternative to other secondary schools in Eastern Christchurch such as Linwood College and Mairehau High School.

Despite its name, the school was in the suburb of Wainoni. As part of the government's restructure of Christchurch schools following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake, the school's closure was announced in 2013. It closed in 2016, and Haeata Community Campus, a school taking year 1–13 pupils, opened on the campus from a merger of Aranui High School with Aranui, Wainoni, and Avondale primary schools.

Haeata Community Campus
Haeata Community Campus is a school in the suburb of Wainoni, in Christchurch New Zealand. It opened on 3 February 2017 with an initial roll of 955 from the closure of four schools: Aranui Primary, Avondale Primary, Wainoni School, and Aranui High. The principal is Peggy Burrows.
(Q,r) model
In inventory theory, the (Q,r) model is used to determine optimal ordering policies. It is a class of inventory control models that generalize and combine elements of both the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and the base stock model. The (Q,r) model addresses the question of when and how much to order, aiming to minimize total inventory costs, which typically include ordering costs, holding costs, and shortage costs.  It specifies that an order of size Q should be placed when the inventory level reaches a reorder point r. The (Q,r) model is widely applied in various industries to manage inventory effectively and efficiently.

Inventory theory
Material theory (or more formally the mathematical theory of inventory and production) is the sub-specialty within operations research and operations management that is concerned with the design of production/inventory systems to minimize costs: it studies the decisions faced by firms and the military in connection with manufacturing, warehousing, supply chains, spare part allocation and so on and provides the mathematical foundation for logistics. The inventory control problem is the problem faced by a firm that must decide how much to order in each time period to meet demand for its products. The problem can be modeled using mathematical techniques of optimal control, dynamic programming and network optimization.  The study of such models is part of inventory theory.
River Oaks Theatre
The River Oaks Theatre is a historic movie theater located in the River Oaks Shopping Center in the Neartown community in Houston, Texas, United States, east of the River Oaks community. The theater has three projection screens; one large screen, downstairs, and two smaller screens, upstairs.

Neartown Houston
Montrose is an area located in west-central Houston, Texas, United States and is one of the city's major cultural areas. Montrose is a 7.5 square miles (19 km2) area roughly bounded by Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 to the south, Allen Parkway to the north, South Shepherd Drive to the west, and Taft to Fairview to Bagby to Highway 59 to Main to the east. Montrose neighborhoods include Cherryhurst, Courtlandt Place, Hyde Park, Montrose, Vermont Commons, North and East Montrose, Mandell Place and Winlow Place. Montrose is also less well known by the moniker Neartown, encompassing Superneighborhood #24.
Japanese battleship Kawachi
Kawachi (Japanese: 河内; named after Kawachi Province) was the lead ship of her class of two Kawachi-class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the 1910s. Completed in 1912, she often served as a flagship. Her only combat action during World War I was when she bombarded German fortifications in China during the Battle of Tsingtao in 1914. She sank in 1918 after an explosion in her ammunition magazine with the loss of over 600 officers and crewmen.

Kawachi-class battleship
The Kawachi class (河内型戦艦, Kawachi-gata senkan) was a two-ship class of dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the first decade of the 20th century. Both ships bombarded German fortifications at Qingdao during the siege of Qingdao in 1914, but saw no other combat in World War I. Kawachi sank in 1918 after an explosion in her ammunition magazine with the loss of over 600 officers and crewmen. Settsu was disarmed in 1922 and converted into a target ship two years later to meet the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty and served until she was sunk in 1945 by American carrier aircraft. The ship was refloated after the war and scrapped in 1946–1947.
William John Murphy
William John Murphy (August 23, 1839 – April 17, 1923) was an American businessman, contractor, land developer and founder of the Arizona Improvement Company. He is also remembered as the "Founder of Glendale, Arizona" and an important contributor to much of the early development in the Phoenix area.

Arizona Canal
The Arizona Canal is a major canal in central Maricopa County that led to the founding of several communities, now among the wealthier neighborhoods of suburban Phoenix, constructed in the late 1880s. Flood irrigation of residential yards is still common in these neighborhoods, using a system of lateral waterways connected via gates to the canal itself. Like most Valley canals, its banks are popular with joggers and bicyclists. U.S. Bicycle Route 90 runs along the canal from Skunk Creek in Peoriato Maryland Avenue in Phoenix.

The canal, nearly 50 miles (80 km) long, is the northernmost canal in the Salt River Project's 131-mile (211 km) water distribution system. Beginning at the Granite Reef Diversion Dam, northeast of Mesa, it flows west across the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, downtown Scottsdale, Phoenix's Arcadia and Sunnyslope neighborhoods, Glendale, and Peoria before ending at New River near Arrowhead Towne Center.
Duri railway station
Duri Station (DU) (Indonesian: Stasiun Duri) is a railway station located in West Jakarta. It serves as the starting point and the eastern terminus of the Tangerang Line service. The station is a major transfer point for commuters to or from Tangerang. When the Jakarta Kota-Manggarai railway is disrupted, trains between Jakarta Kota and Manggarai are rerouted via Duri.

This station has one side platform and two island platforms. Platform number 1 and 2 serves Cikarang Loop Line, platform 3 and 4 serves as a stop for Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link, and platform number 5 serves as both starting point and terminus for Duri-Tangerang Line (Tangerang Line). These platforms are connected by a newly built overhead bridge.

Starting from 26 December 2017, the Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link service make a stop here.

Cikarang railway station
Cikarang Station (CKR) is a railway station located at Karangasih, North Cikarang, West Java in Indonesia, serving the town of Cikarang. Previously the station was only served by regional train services between West Java and Jakarta. It is included in the service area of Jakarta metro commuter rail since October 2017.

At present the station serves as the terminal stop for Jakarta metro commuter rail Blue Line. Regional train services such as Jatiluhur (runs between these station and Cikampek) and Walahar Express (Cikarang to Purwakarta) continue to serve this station. On the other hand, Manggarai–Cikarang doubled-double track (DDT) project was expected to be completed in 2020. Cikarang Station is located east of Cikarang river. A market also stands behind the station building.
Elyria, Ohio
Elyria (/əˈlɪəriə/ ə-LEER-ee-ə) is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, and its county seat. The city is at the forks of the Black River in Northeast Ohio. The population was 52,656 at the 2020 census. Located 23 miles (37 km) southwest of Cleveland, it is part of the Cleveland metropolitan area and home to Lorain County Community College.

Lorain County Community College
Lorain County Community College (LCCC) is a public community college in Elyria, Ohio, United States, with learning centers in Wellington, North Ridgeville, and Lorain. In addition to associate degrees and certificates, students can earn bachelor's and master's degrees on campus through the college's partnerships with universities.
Regatta Hotel
Regatta Hotel is a heritage-listed hotel at 543 Coronation Drive on the corner of Sylvan Road, Toowong, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It faces the Toowong Reach of the Brisbane River and was named after the rowing regattas held there. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built in 1886 by George Gazzard. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Toowong
Toowong (/təˈwɒŋ/ tə-WONG) is a riverside suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Toowong had a population of 12,556 people with a median weekly household income of $1,927.