hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Network science
Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges).  The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."

Random graph
In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs.  Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory. From a mathematical perspective, random graphs are used to answer questions about the properties of typical graphs. Its practical applications are found in all areas in which complex networks need to be modeled – many random graph models are thus known, mirroring the diverse types of complex networks encountered in different areas. In a mathematical context, random graph refers almost exclusively to the Erdős–Rényi random graph model. In other contexts, any graph model may be referred to as a random graph.
State Park Supply Yard
The State Park Supply Yard is a historic maintenance facility at 51 Mill Road in Madison, Connecticut.  The facility buildings were built in 1933 - 1935 by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps, and remain a well-preserved example of the Corps' work.  Still used by the state, the facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Madison, Connecticut
Madison is a town in the southeastern corner of New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, occupying a central location on Connecticut's Long Island Sound shoreline. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. The population was 17,691 at the 2020 census.
Zhoushan Putuoshan International Airport
Zhoushan Putuoshan International Airport (IATA: HSN, ICAO: ZSZS) is an airport situated on Zhujiajian Island in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China. Construction originally started following an agreement signed 19 January 1994 in Zhoushan, between Zhoushan Civil Aviation Airport Construction, Zhejiang Province and the Asian Pacific Development Corporation.

Zhoushan
Zhoushan is an urbanized archipelago with the administrative status of a prefecture-level city in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang. It consists of an archipelago of islands at the southern mouth of Hangzhou Bay off the mainland city of Ningbo. The prefecture's city proper is Dinghai on Zhoushan Island, now administered as the prefecture's Dinghai District. During the 2020 census, Zhoushan Prefecture's population was 1,157,817, out of whom 882,932 lived in the builtup (or metro) area consisting of two urban districts of Dinghai and Putuo.

On July 8, 2011, the central government approved Zhoushan as Zhoushan Archipelago New Area, a state-level new area.
Thuringian Forest Nature Park
Thuringian Forest Nature Park (German: Naturpark Thüringer Wald) is one of two nature parks in the state of Thuringia, Germany.

Founded in 1990, and expanded in 2018, the nature park now covers and area of more than 2,200 km2 (850 sq mi). It extends around the Rennsteig and comprises almost the entire Thuringian Forest and the Thuringian Highlands with Eisenach in northwest and Sonneberg in the south. The nature park protection includes the 337 km2 (130 sq mi)  biosphere reservation, and a number of dams such as Tambach-Dietharz Dam, Schmalwasser Dam, Ohra Dam, Lütsche Dam and the Leibis-Lichte Dam.

The highest mountains in the park are the Großer Beerberg (982 m above sea level (NN)) and the Schneekopf (978 m above sea level (NN)).

Thuringian Highland
The Thuringian Highland, Thuringian Highlands or Thuringian-Vogtlandian Slate Mountains (German: Thüringer Schiefergebirge [ˈtyːʁɪŋɐ ˈʃiːfɐɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ⓘ or Thüringisches Schiefergebirge [ˈtyːʁɪŋɪʃəs -], literally "Thuringian Slate Hills") is a low range of mountains in the German state of Thuringia.
WKQZ
WKQZ (93.3 FM Z93) is an active rock radio station serving east-central Michigan, owned by Cumulus Media.  The station is licensed to Midland, Michigan, although its studios are in Saginaw. WKQZ is the Tri-Cities affiliate for the Detroit Lions.

Midland, Michigan
Midland is a city in Midland County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The population was 42,547 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Midland metropolitan statistical area, part of the larger Saginaw-Midland-Bay City combined statistical area. The city is bordered by Midland Township, though the two are administered separately.

Midland is located at the confluence of Chippewa and Tittabawassee rivers in Central Michigan. The city is home to the headquarters of Dow Chemical Company, one of the largest chemical producers in the world, which was founded by Herbert Henry Dow in the city in 1897. The city is also home to Midland Center for the Arts and Northwood University.
Kissing Point Fortification
Kissing Point Fortification is a heritage-listed fortification at 38–40 Howitt Street, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Peter Scratchley and Major Edward Druitt and built from 1891 by A McMillan (Govt Foreman of Works c1890) and then from 1939 to 1941. It is also known as Jezzine Barracks. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 5 February 2010.

It is now the home of the Army Museum of North Queensland.

The Strand, Townsville
The Strand is a seaside foreshore located in Townsville, Australia. It is located in the suburb of North Ward. The Strand has a view of the Port of Townsville and Magnetic Island, as well as to Cape Cleveland. Features in the area include a jetty, a recreational park, restaurants, cafes and pools.
Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu
Raoul II of Brienne (1315 – 19 November 1350) was the son of Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu and Guînes and Jeanne de Mello. He succeeded his father in 1344 as Count of Eu and Guînes, as well as in his post as Constable of France.

In 1340, he married Catherine (d. 1388), the daughter of Louis II, Baron de Vaud. They had no children; one illegitimate son, Jean du Bois, Lord of la Maison Forte, was legitimized as Raoul's in 1395, although his actual genealogy is disputed. He was second cousin to Enguerrand VII.

In 1346, he was captured at Caen during the battle by Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent and kept prisoner. In 1350, he was allowed to return to France to attempt to raise money for his ransom. Upon his arrival, he was seized and summarily executed by decapitation without any due process under orders of John II of France, for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged Thomas his castle and the County of Guînes for his release.

Counts of Eu
This is a list of the counts of Eu, a French county in the Middle Ages (Eu is in the department of Seine-Maritime, in the extreme north of Normandy), disputed between France and England during parts of the Hundred Years' War.
3-Nitroaniline
3-Nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4NO2. A yellow solid, it is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 3. It is an isomer of 2-nitroaniline and  4-nitroaniline. It is used as a precursor to dyes.

2-Nitroaniline
2-Nitroaniline is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4NO2. It is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 2. It is mainly used as a precursor to o-phenylenediamine.
Giulești, Maramureș
Giulești (Hungarian: Máragyulafalva; Yiddish: ז'יולשט, romanized: Julest, German: Ludwigsdorf) is a commune in Maramureș County, Maramureș, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Berbești (Bárdfalva or Bartfalva), Ferești (Fejérfalva), Giulești, and Mănăstirea (Gyulamonostor).

The commune is located in the northern part of Maramureș County, on national road DN18, 48 km (30 mi) northeast of the county seat, Baia Mare, and 18 km (11 mi) south of Sighetu Marmației. It lies on the banks of the river Mara and its tributary, the river Cosău.

Sighetu Marmației
Sighetu Marmației (Romanian pronunciation: [ˌsiɡetu marˈmat͡si.ej], also spelled Sighetul Marmației; German: Marmaroschsiget or Siget; Hungarian: Máramarossziget, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmaːrɒmɒroʃsiɡɛt] ⓘ; Ukrainian: Сигіт, romanized: Syhit; Yiddish: סיגעט, romanized: Siget), until 1960 Sighet, is a city in Maramureș County near the Iza River, in northwestern Romania.
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster is an American heavy metal band from Birmingham, Alabama. The group was founded in 2004, shortly after vocalist Dallas Taylor's departure from Underoath in 2003. Maylene and the Sons of Disaster signed to Mono Vs Stereo and released their self-titled debut album.

The band name and concept are based on the legend of the criminal gang of Ma Barker and her sons, noting that "evil lifestyles will be met with divine justice".

Loudwire stated that the band's early material was "essential listening for all metalcore fans," comparing them to Underoath.

He Is Legend
He Is Legend is an American rock band from Wilmington, North Carolina. It was founded in 2003 by high school friends. The band's current lineup is frontman Schuylar Croom, guitarist Adam Tanbouz, bassist Matty Williams, and drummer Jesse Shelley.
Bitter pit
Bitter pit is a disorder in apple fruits, now believed to be induced by calcium deficiency. It occurs less commonly in pears.

The disease was probably first reported in Germany where it was known as Stippen. It was also known as "Baldwin spot" and "blotchy cork" in North America. The name "bitter pit" was first used by Cobb in Australia in 1895. The disease has been shown as non-pathological and is now known as a disorder.  When it occurs on the tree, it is known as "tree pit"; it may also occur in storage, when it is known as "storage pit".

Calcium deficiency (plant disorder)
Calcium (Ca) deficiency is a plant disorder that can be caused by insufficient level of biologically available calcium in the growing medium, but is more frequently a product of low transpiration of the whole plant or more commonly the affected tissue.  Plants are susceptible to such localized calcium deficiencies in low or non-transpiring tissues because calcium is not transported in the phloem. This may be due to water shortages, which slow the transportation of calcium to the plant, poor uptake of calcium through the stem, or too much nitrogen in the soil.
Massacre of Glencoe Monument
The Massacre of Glencoe Monument is a memorial to the Massacre of Glencoe (Scottish Gaelic: Mort Ghlinne Comhann), which took place in Glen Coe in the Highlands of Scotland on 13 February 1692, following the Jacobite uprising of 1689–92.

Sculpted by Alexander Macdonald and Co. of Aberdeen in 1883, a tapering 18-foot granite Celtic cross soars up from a rugged cairn above the river in Upper Carnoch.   Its design is based on the elaborate Gosforth Cross.  An annual wreath-laying ceremony is held at the Monument to commemorate those who fell in the massacre.

Celtic cross
The Celtic cross  is a form of ringed cross, a Christian cross featuring a nimbus or ring, that emerged in Ireland and Britain in the Early Middle Ages. It became widespread through its use in the high crosses erected across Ireland, Britain and parts of France, especially in regions evangelised by Irish missionaries, from the 9th through the 12th centuries.

A staple of Insular art, the Celtic cross is essentially a Latin cross with a nimbus surrounding the intersection of the arms and stem. Scholars have debated its exact origins, but it is related to earlier crosses featuring rings. The form gained new popularity during the Celtic Revival of the 19th century; the name "Celtic cross" is a convention dating from that time. The shape, usually decorated with interlace and other motifs from Insular art, became popular for funerary monuments and other uses, and has remained so, spreading well beyond Ireland.
Seongju County
Seongju County (Seongju-gun) is a county in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. This largely agricultural area is located immediately west of the metropolitan city of Daegu. The capital of the county is the town of Seongju.

Lotte Skyhill Seongju Country Club (36°02′58″N 128°13′34″E﻿ / ﻿36.049359°N 128.226223°E﻿ / 36.049359; 128.226223) was selected as the location for the deployment of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in July 2016.

Seongju County is famous for its production of oriental melons. Farms in the county comprise about 70% of total oriental melon production in the country.

Seongju-eup
Seongju is a town, or eup in Seongju County, North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. The township Seongju-myeon was upgraded to the town Seongju-eup in 1979. Seongju County Office is located in Gyeongsan-ri which is crowded with people, and Seongju Town Office is in Seongsan-ri.
Karl Wilding
Karl Wilding FAcSS is a lecturer in philanthropic studies at the University of Kent in Canterbury, England. He was chief executive of the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) from 2019 until 2021, when he was succeeded by Sarah Vibert.

Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences
The Fellowship of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS) is an award granted by the Academy of Social Sciences to leading academics, policy-makers, and practitioners of the social sciences.

Fellows were previously known as Academicians and used the post-nominal letter "AcSS". This was changed in July 2014 to bring the academy in line with other British learned societies.
Siege of Valenciennes (1566–1567)
The siege of Valenciennes took place between 14 December 1566 and 23 March 1567 at Valenciennes, then in the Spanish Netherlands. It is sometimes considered the first siege of the Eighty Years' War. Following the Beeldenstorm, which reached the city on 24 August 1566, Calvinists under the leadership of Pérégrin de La Grange and Guido de Brès (also called "Guy de Bray", the author of the 1561 Belgic Confession) fortified themselves within Valenciennes' walls. The acting stadtholder of Hainaut, Philip of Noircarmes, subdued the city after months of failed negotiations, starvation, and finally an artillery bombardment.

Valenciennes
Valenciennes (/ˌvælɒ̃ˈsjɛn/, also UK: /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/, US: /-nz, vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn(z)/, French: [valɑ̃sjɛn] ⓘ; also Dutch: Valencijn; Picard: Valincyinnes or Valinciennes; Latin: Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.

It lies on the Scheldt (French: Escaut) river. Although the city and region experienced a steady population decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded.
Kunisaki, Ōita (town)
Kunisaki (国東町, Kunisaki-machi) was a town located in Higashikunisaki District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 13,106 and the density of 116.73 persons per km2. The total area was 112.28 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Kunisaki absorbed the towns of Aki, Kunimi and Musashi (all from Higashikunisaki District) to create the city of Kunisaki.

Kunisaki
Kunisaki (国東市, Kunisaki-shi) is a small coastal city located in Ōita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. As of 30 November 2023, the city had an estimated population of 25,721 in 13082 households, and a  population density of 81 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 318.10 km2 (122.82 sq mi).
Senebhenaf
Senebhenaf was an ancient Egyptian vizier during the Second Intermediate Period.

Senebhenaf is known from the coffin of his daughter, queen Mentuhotep; the inscriptions state that her father was Senebhenaf and her mother was Sobekhotep. Queen Mentuhotep was the wife of king Djehuti. The position of this king within the Second Intermediate Period is uncertain (he has been attributed to both the early 16th and the early 17th dynasties), so the position of Senebhenaf is also not yet fixed.

Some Egyptologists suggested that Senebhenaf was possibly one of the two namesake sons of the vizier Ibiaw who officiated under the 13th Dynasty pharaohs Wahibre Ibiaw and/or Merneferre Ay; if validated, this association could establish a significant temporal link between the Lower Egypt rulers of the mid-late 13th Dynasty and the Upper Egypt kingdom ruled by Djehuti. However, as pointed out by Wolfram Grajetzki, at the current state of knowledge such identification is purely conjectural.

Mentuhotep (queen)
Mentuhotep was an ancient Egyptian queen of the Second Intermediate Period, wife of pharaoh Djehuti. Her main title was Great Royal Wife. Another title was Khenemetneferhedjet (she who is united with the white crown).
Anant Shastra
The Anant Shastra, also known as Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) , is a surface-to-air missile defense system developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation, Bharat Electronics Limited, and Bharat Dynamics Limited for the Indian Army, meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks. The system also forms a part of the Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS).

The Command and Control System is completely automated. In addition to the launcher, the missile system has two four-walled radars that provide 360-degree coverage: the Active Array Battery Surveillance Radar and the Active Array Battery Multi-function Radar. An optical proximity fuze lessens the vulnerability to jamming.

QinetiQ Banshee
The Banshee, formerly the Target Technology Banshee or BTT3 Banshee, then Meggitt Banshee, is a series of British target drones developed from the 1980s for air defence system training. In December 2016, Meggitt's target drone subsidiary, Meggitt Target Systems, was sold to QinetiQ for £57.5 million and versions of the drone are now simply named after "Banshee". The most recent common version is the 2021 Banshee Jet 80+.
Kosovo women's national football team
The Kosovo women's national football team (Albanian: Kombëtarja e futbollit të femrave të Kosovës; Serbian: Женска фудбалска репрезентација Косова, romanized: Ženska fudbalska reprezentacija Kosova) represents Kosovo in international women's football and is controlled by the Football Federation of Kosovo.

UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying Group A
Group A of the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying competition consists of six teams: Netherlands, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, Kosovo, and Estonia. The composition of the nine groups in the qualifying group stage was decided by the draw held on 21 February 2019, 13:30 CET (UTC+1), at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. with the teams seeded according to their coefficient ranking.

The group is played in home-and-away round-robin format between August 2019 and December 2020. The group winners and the three best runners-up among all nine groups (not counting results against the sixth-placed team) qualify directly for the final tournament, while the remaining six runners-up advance to the play-offs.

On 17 March 2020, all matches were put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bermuda Rugby Football Union
The Bermuda Rugby Football Union is the rugby governing body in Bermuda. It was founded in 1964, and joined World Rugby, known then as the IRB, in 1992. The federation oversees the Bermuda national rugby union team.

Bermuda national rugby union team
The Bermuda national rugby union team represents Bermuda in the sport of rugby union. Bermuda are the current Caribbean Champions 2019 although they have thus far not played in a Rugby World Cup, but have participated in qualifying tournaments.
Sonni dynasty
The Sonni dynasty, Sunni dynasty or Si dynasty was a dynasty of rulers of the Songhai Empire of medieval West Africa. The origins of the dynasty lies in its predecessor Za Dynasty. The last ruler, Sonni Baru, ruled until 1493 when the throne was usurped by the Askiya Muhammad I, the founder of the Askiya dynasty.

Sonni Ali
Sonni Ali, also known as Si Ali, Sonni Ali Ber (Ber meaning "the Great"), reigned from about 1464 to 1492 as the 15th ruler of the Sunni dynasty of the Songhai Empire. He transformed the relatively small state into an empire by conquering Timbuktu, Massina, the Inner Niger Delta, and Djenne.
Sunndalsfjorden
Sunndalsfjorden (sometimes Sunndalsfjord in English) is a fjord in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 17-kilometre (11 mi) long Sunndalsfjorden comprises the southern end of the main Tingvollfjorden. It begins at the Ballsneset peninsula, at the municipal boundary of Sunndal and extends south to the village of Sunndalsøra. Other villages along the fjord include Jordalsgrenda and Øksendalsøra. The main inflow of the fjord is the river Driva which flows into the fjord at Sunndalsøra. Norwegian National Road 70 runs along the northeastern part of the fjord near Sunndalsøra.

Øksendal (village)
Øksendal (or Øksendalsøra) is a village in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.  The village is located along the Sunndalsfjorden at the northern end of the Øksendalen valley. The village sits about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northwest of the municipal centre of Sunndalsøra and about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southeast of the village of Jordalsgrenda. The village of Ålvundeidet lies about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the north (across the fjord). The 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) long Øksendal Tunnel connects this village to the rest of Sunndal Municipality to the southeast.
1st Armored Division (United States)
The 1st Armored Division, nicknamed "Old Ironsides", is a combined arms division of the United States Army. The division is part of III Armored Corps and operates out of Fort Bliss in El Paso, Texas. It was the first armored division of the United States Army to see battle in World War II. Since World War II, the division has been involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis, Persian Gulf War, Iraq, Afghanistan, and several other operations. The division has also received numerous awards and recognition.

4th Armored Division (United States)
The 4th Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army that earned distinction while spearheading General Patton's Third Army in the European theater of World War II.

The 4th Armored Division, unlike most other U.S. armored divisions during World War II, did not officially adopt a nickname for the division during the war. However, their unofficial nickname "Name Enough" came into use postwar; the division commander having said, "Fourth Armored Division was name enough"; "They shall be known by their deeds alone." The 4th was named the "Breakthrough" division in 1954, but that name was eventually discontinued.
Kalikalam
Kalikalam is a 1991 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Muthyala Subbaiah and starring Chandra Mohan and Jayasudha. The story revolves around the difficulties of a typical middle-class family, unable to earn money to lead a satisfied life. The film was remade in Kannada as Kumkuma Bhagya (1993), in Tamil with the same name (1992) and in Malayalam as Santhanagopalam (1994).

Kalikaalam (1992 film)
Kalikaalam (transl. Kali Yuga) is a 1992 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed and written by Panchu Arunachalam. The film stars Radhika and Nizhalgal Ravi. It is a remake of the Telugu film of same name. The film was released on 11 July 1992.