hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
OPNET
OPNET Technologies, Inc. was a software business that provided performance management for computer networks and applications.

The company was founded in 1986 and went public in 2000. In October 2012, OPNET was acquired by Riverbed Technology, for about $1 billion US dollars.

Riverbed Technology
Riverbed Technology LLC is an American information technology company. Its products consist of software and hardware focused on Unified Observability, Network Visibility, End User Experience Management, network performance monitoring, application performance management, and wide area networks (WANs), including SD-WAN and WAN optimization.

Riverbed has its headquarters in Redwood City, near San Francisco. Founded in 2002, the company was recapitalized in December 2021 and its majority shareholder was Apollo Global Management at the time. In 2023, it was acquired by private equity firm Vector Capital.
Niue Assembly
The Niue Assembly or Niue Parliament (Niuean: Niue Fono Ekepule) is the legislature of Niue. It consists of 20 members; 14 representatives of the villages and 6 elected on a common island-wide roll. Members are directly elected by universal suffrage, and serve a three-year term. Niue follows the Westminster system of government, with the Premier elected by the Assembly and the Cabinet drawn from it.

Prime Minister of Niue
The prime minister of Niue (officially the premier of Niue prior to 3 September 2024) is Niue's head of government. They are elected by the Niue Assembly, and form a Cabinet consisting of themselves and three other members of the Assembly.

Sir Robert Rex was continuously re-elected every three years from Niue's associated statehood in 1974 until his death in 1992.
Finale (Modern Family)
"Finale" is the series finale of the sitcom Modern Family. It aired in two parts, both on April 8, 2020, on ABC. The first part was written by Steven Levitan, Abraham Higginbotham, Jon Pollack, Ryan Walls, Jeffrey Richman, Morgan Murphy, and Stephen Lloyd, and directed by Steven Levitan. The second part was written by Christopher Lloyd, Jack Burditt, Elaine Ko, Danny Zuker, Vali Chandrasekaran, Brad Walsh, and Paul Corrigan, and directed by Gail Mancuso.

Steven Levitan
Steven E. Levitan (born April 6, 1962) is an American television producer, director, and screenwriter. He has created many television series such as Just Shoot Me!, Stark Raving Mad, Stacked, Back to You, Modern Family, and Reboot.
HMCS Radisson
HMCS Radisson (French: NCSM Radisson) is a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve Division (NRD) located on Île Saint-Christophe in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. Dubbed a stone frigate, HMCS Radisson is a land-based naval training establishment crewed by part-time sailors and also serves as a local recruitment centre for the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve. It is one of 24 naval reserve divisions located in major cities across Canada.

Île Saint-Christophe (Canada)
Île Saint-Christophe is a small island adjacent to Saint-Quentin Island in the Saint-Maurice River at its confluence with the Saint Lawrence River in the city of Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.

The island is home to HMCS Radisson, a Canadian Forces Naval Reserve Division.
Nankhel
Nankhel (Nepali: नङखेल) is a village and former Village Development Committee in Bhaktapur District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. In 2014, it was merged into the newly formed Suryabinayak Municipality by the Government of Nepal in order to remove all Village Development Committees in the Districts of Kathmandu and Bhaktapur. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,520 with 767 houses in it.

Suryabinayak Municipality
Suryabinayak Municipality (Nepali: सुर्यविनायक नगरपालिका) is a municipality in Bagmati Province in Central Nepal. It is the largest municipality of Bhaktapur district with a population of 137,971 with 23,637 households. It was created in December 2014 through the merger of the Village development committees of Kautunje (the municipality's centre), Sipadol, Nankhel and Chitpol. The municipality's name stems from the local Suryavinayak Temple. In March 2017, under new local level restructuring, Suryabinayak Municipality was expanded to include the neighboring municipality of Anantalingeshwor, adding four more previous VDCs of Sirutar, Gundu, Dadhikot and Balkot. According to the 2021 Nepal census, the predecessors of Suryabinayak Municipality had a population of 140,085.
Penajam
Penajam (Indonesian pronunciation: [pəˈnadʒam], formerly known as Balikpapan Seberang from 1969–1987), is a district and the administrative capital of Penajam North Paser Regency, in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 95,358 people, and currently has the total area of 1,207.37 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Nipah-Nipah.

The district borders Sepaku to the north, Waru to the southwest, and Long Kali, Paser to the west. It is also separated from Balikpapan (of which the district formerly part of it until 1987) by the Balikpapan Bay to northeast.

Waru, Penajam North Paser
Waru is a district of Penajam North Paser Regency, in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. As of 2023, it was inhabited by 20,965 people, and currently has a total area of 553.38 km2. Its district seat is located at the village of Waru.

The district borders Penajam to the north, Babulu to the southwest, and Long Kali (Paser) to the west. It is also named after the tree Hibiscus tiliaceus (waru), for being abundant along what is now the Penajam–Babulu provincial road.
Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences
Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (also known as CBCS) is an independent research center dedicated to the study of cognitive science and neuroscience. It is affiliated to the University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

University of Allahabad
The University of Allahabad is a central university located in Prayagraj, in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was established on 23 September 1887 by an act of Parliament and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance (INI). It is the regarded as the fourth oldest modern university in India. Its origins lie in the Muir Central College, named after Lt. Governor of North-Western Provinces Sir William Muir in 1873, who suggested the idea of a Central University at Allahabad, which later evolved to the present university. Its status as a central university was re-established through the University of Allahabad Act 2005 by the Parliament of India.
Sherman, Texas minor league baseball teams
Several different minor league baseball teams were based in Sherman, Texas, intermittently for a total of 14 seasons between 1895 and 1952.: 100  These teams won one championship, shared; that of the Texas Association in 1923.

The 14 seasons saw nine different team names used, with only two names used for more than a single season; the Lions (four seasons) and the Twins (three seasons). The 14 seasons were contested in seven different leagues. Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Ross Youngs played for Sherman in 1916.

Sherman, Texas
Sherman is a city in and the county seat of Grayson County, Texas, United States. The city's population in 2020 was 43,645. It is one of the two principal cities in the Sherman–Denison metropolitan statistical area, and is the largest city in the Texoma region of North Texas and southern Oklahoma.
Southwestern Showdown
The Southwestern Showdown is an annual rivalry series first held in 2014 between FC Tucson and Albuquerque Sol FC, soccer clubs in USL League Two. The club to gain the most league standings points over the course of all regular-season meetings is given the Golden Rattler, a trophy depicting a rattlesnake ready to strike, to hold for the following year.

Albuquerque Sol FC
Albuquerque Sol FC is an American soccer club based in Albuquerque, New Mexico.  Co-founded by Ron Patel and Larry Espinoza in 2013, the team plays in USL League Two, the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid.
Little Rincon Mountains
The Little Rincon Mountains are a small range of mountains, lying to the east of the Rincon Mountains, at Tucson, of eastern Pima County, Arizona. The range is located in northwest Cochise County and is part of the western border of the San Pedro River and Valley, the major valley and river of western Cochise County. The river is northward flowing to meet the Gila River; its headwaters are south of the US-Mexico border in northern Sonora. A small part of the Little Rincon range's southwest lies in Pima County.

San Pedro River (Arizona)
The San Pedro River is a northward-flowing stream originating about 10 miles (16 km) south of the international border south of Sierra Vista, Arizona, in Cananea Municipality, Sonora, Mexico. The river starts at the confluence of other streams (Las Nutrias and El Sauz) just east of Sauceda, Cananea. Within Arizona, the river flows 140 miles (230 km) north through Cochise County, Pima County, Graham County, and Pinal County to its confluence with the Gila River, at Winkelman, Arizona. It is the last major undammed desert river in the American Southwest, and it is of major ecological importance as it hosts two-thirds of the avian diversity in the United States, including 100 species of breeding birds and almost 300 species of migrating birds.
Continental O-470
The Continental O-470 engine is a family of carbureted and fuel-injected six-cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled aircraft engines that were developed especially for use in light aircraft by Continental Motors. Engines designated "IO" are fuel-injected.

The family also includes the E165, E185, E225 and the E260 engines, and several specialty variants. It has been in production since 1950.

Ryan Navion
The Ryan (originally North American) Navion is a single-engine, unpressurized, retractable gear, four-seat aircraft originally designed and built by North American Aviation in the 1940s. It was later built by Ryan Aeronautical Company and the Tubular Steel Corporation (TUSCO).

The Navion was envisioned as an aircraft that would perfectly match the expected postwar boom in civilian aviation. It was designed along the general lines of, and by the same company which produced the North American P-51 Mustang, and North American T-28 Trojan.
Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests
The Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests are standards-aligned tests designed to meet NCLB requirements. The following tests are administered:

Additionally, the Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests report out Lexile measures for students in grades 3–8. A Lexile measure can be used to match readers with targeted text and monitor growth in reading ability.

Lexile
The Lexile Framework for Reading is an educational tool in the United States that uses a measure called a Lexile to match readers with reading resources such as books and articles. Readers and texts are assigned a Lexile score, where lower scores reflect easier readability for texts and lower reading ability for readers. Lexile scores are assigned based on individual words and sentence length, rather than qualitative analysis of the content. Thus, Lexile scores do not reflect multiple levels of textual meaning or the maturity of the content. The United States Common Core State Standards recommend the use of alternative, qualitative methods to select books for grade 6 and above. In the U.S., Lexile measures are reported annually from reading programs and assessments. According to LightSail Education, about half of U.S. students in grades 3-12 receive a Lexile measure each year. The Georgia Department of Education provides resources for using Lexile measures.
Guiglia
Guiglia (Frignanese: Guîa or Guéa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Modena.

Guiglia borders the following municipalities: Valsamoggia, Marano sul Panaro, Pavullo nel Frignano, Savignano sul Panaro, Zocca.

Among its churches is San Geminiano, Guiglia and San Giovanni Battista, Pieve di Trebbio.

Zocca
Zocca (Frignanese: La Zòca) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Modena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about  45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Bologna and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) south of Modena.

Zocca borders the following municipalities: Castel d'Aiano,  Guiglia, Montese, Pavullo nel Frignano, Valsamoggia, Vergato.
Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum
12°58′30″N 77°35′47″E﻿ / ﻿12.975100°N 77.596400°E﻿ / 12.975100; 77.596400

The Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum (VITM), Bangalore, India, a constituent unit of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), Ministry of Culture, Government of India, was established in memory of Sir M. Visvesvaraya. The 4,000 m2 (43,000 sq ft) building was constructed in Cubbon Park, and was inaugurated by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, on July 14, 1962. The museum displays industrial products, scientific models and engines.

National Council of Science Museums
National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) is an autonomous scientific organization functioning under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India for science communication through its network of science museums or science centres spread across India. It is the largest chain of science centers/museums under a single administrative umbrella in the world. There are 24 own science centers or museums and one R & D laboratory and training centre. The NCSM has been built to co-ordinate all informal science communication activities in the museum space in the country.
Garhajis
The Habr Garhajis also contemporarily known as the Garhajis (Somali: Habar Garxajis, Arabic: غرحاجس, Full Nasab: Ismā'īl al Qadhi ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad) is a major Northern  Somali  clan of the wider Isaaq clan family. They are the traditional holders of the Isaaq Sultanate and Habr Yunis Sultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq, its members form a part of the Habar Magaadle confederation, and they constitute one of the largest sub-clans of the Isaaq. The Garhajis are divided into two major sub-clans: the Habr Yunis (Sa'īd Ismail) and Eidagale (Da'ud Isma'īl). They are traditionally nomadic pastoralists, merchants and skilled poets.

Guled Abdi (sultan)
Guled Abdi Eisse Dhamal Adan (Somali: Guuleed Cabdi, Arabic: جوليد بن عبدي) was a Somali ruler. He was the first Sultan of the Isaaq Sultanate and his numerous offspring would form the Rer Guled and continue to lead after his death.
Roslavlsky Uyezd
Roslavlsky Uyezd (Russian: Рославльский уезд) was one of the subdivisions of the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire. This uyezd was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Roslavl.

Roslavl
Roslavl (Russian: Ро́славль, Russian pronunciation: [ˈrosləvlʲ]) is a town and the administrative center of Roslavlsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is a road and rail junction and a market town. Population:  54,900 (2010 Census); 57,701 (2002 Census); 60,470 (1989 Soviet census).
Factor Chandelier
Graham Murawsky (born March 28, 1982), better known by his stage name Factor Chandelier (formerly Factor), is a Canadian underground hip hop producer from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He is a founder of Off Beat Production and Side Road Records.

Fake Four Inc.
Fake Four is an independent record label based in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded by brothers  Ceschi and David Ramos in 2008.

According to an interview with Ceschi on Ugsmag.com, the Ramos brothers started Fake Four with help from Grimm Image Records in San Bernardino, California and Squids Eye Recording Collective in Dayton, Ohio as an outlet to release and distribute their personal music projects and those of their friends. Since the initial release This Up Here by David Ramos, Fake Four Inc. has been a self-sufficient label.
Imperial Reform
Imperial Reform (Latin: Reformatio imperii, German: Reichsreform) is the name given to repeated attempts in the 15th and 16th centuries to adapt the structure and the constitutional order (Verfassungsordnung) of the Holy Roman Empire to the requirements of the early modern state and to give it a unified government under either the Imperial Estates or the emperor's supremacy.

Berthold von Henneberg
Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild (1442–1504) was Archbishop of Mainz and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1484, imperial chancellor from 1486, and leader of the reform faction within the Empire.: 32
Variance-stabilizing transformation
In applied statistics, a variance-stabilizing transformation is a data transformation that is specifically chosen either to simplify considerations in graphical exploratory data analysis or to allow the application of simple regression-based or analysis of variance techniques.

Data transformation (statistics)
In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = f(zi), where f is a function. Transforms are usually applied so that the data appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs.

Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous. The transformation is usually applied to a collection of comparable measurements. For example, if we are working with data on peoples' incomes in some currency unit, it would be common to transform each person's income value by the logarithm function.
Alice Graham Underhill
Alice Graham Underhill (born March 8, 1946) was a Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing the state's third House district from 2001 to 2003 and again from 2005 until 2011. She was defeated for re-election in 2010 by Norman W. Sanderson.

Norman W. Sanderson
Norman Wesley Sanderson Jr. (born July 7, 1951) is a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing the state's second Senate district, which includes Carteret, Craven, Pamlico counties. Sanderson was formerly a member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing the state's third House district, which included parts of Craven and Pamlico counties.
Nohurdüzü
41°05′N 48°33′E﻿ / ﻿41.083°N 48.550°E﻿ / 41.083; 48.550

Nohurdüzü (also, Nohurdüzii, Nokhurdyuzi, and Nokhurdyuzyu) is a village in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.  The village forms part of the municipality of Yerfi.

Yerfi
41°05′54″N 48°28′46″E﻿ / ﻿41.09833°N 48.47944°E﻿ / 41.09833; 48.47944

Yerfi is a village and municipality in the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan.  It has a population of 915.  The municipality consists of the villages of Yerfi, Talış, Dərk, Qayadalı, and Nohurdüzü.
Crown Commercial Service
The Crown Commercial Service (CCS) is  an executive agency and trading fund of the Cabinet Office of the UK Government. The CCS is responsible for managing the procurement of common goods and services, increasing savings for the taxpayer by centralising buying requirements, and leading on procurement policy on behalf of the government.

Executive agency
An executive agency is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate, to carry out some part of the executive functions of the United Kingdom government, Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive. Executive agencies are "machinery of government" devices distinct both from non-ministerial government departments and non-departmental public bodies (or "quangos"), each of which enjoy legal and constitutional separation from ministerial control.  The model has been applied in several other countries.
Buxton, Norfolk
Buxton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Buxton with Lamas, in the English county of Norfolk. It is 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) south-east of Aylsham and 9 miles (14 km) north of Norwich.

Buxton with Lamas
Buxton with Lamas is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It includes the villages of Buxton to the west of the River Bure, Lamas on the eastern side of the river, and the hamlet of Little Hautbois.

The River Bure is crossed by the Bure Valley Railway on a 105-foot (32 m) long girder bridge. Buxton has a halt on the railway. The former railway station on the Great Eastern Railway was called Buxton Lamas and closed in the 1960s. Buxton Watermill is on the river.

For local government purposes, the two villages jointly elect Buxton with Lamas Parish Council, and fall within the area covered by Broadland District Council. The civil parish had a population of 1,684 at the 2011 census.
Kalvary Mount
Kalvary Mount (Calvary Mount), also known as Kalyanathandu or Pathammailu, is a prominent hillock situated in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. Standing at an approximate elevation of 200 meters, it holds significance for both religious and nature enthusiasts. It is a Christian pilgrimage site perched atop a hill offers that an aerial view of the Idukki Reservoir and its surrounding peaks and forests.

Once a secluded spot, it gained fame after the Idukki Dam's construction.

During Lent, the area turns into a pilgrimage centre as Christians go in a procession up the hillock.

The tourist destination is close to other tourist spots of the district like Idukki dam, and Hill View Park.

Kattappana
Kattappana ([kaʈ:ap:ɐna]) is a municipality in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. It is located 32 km (19.8 mi) southeast of the Idukki district headquarters in Painavu, 131 km (81.4 mi) east of major commercial city Kochi and 211 km (131.1 mi) north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. Kattappana is the second-largest municipality in the district by population, and serves as a major hub for commercial and economic activity for the surrounding region.

Kattappana was formed primarily by settlers from Thodupuzha, Pala, Kanjirapally, Kothamangalam, Muvattupuzha and Changanassery in the 1950s, and was given the status of gram panchayat in 1962. The town later attained the Municipality status in 2015.
St. Austin's Military School
St. Austin's Military School is a defunct American military academy formerly located in the West Brighton section of Staten Island, New York, United States.

The school was founded in 1883 by the Rev. Alfred G. Mortimer with the name St. Austin's Episcopal School for Boys.  The name of the school was soon changed to St. Austin's Military School.  In 1898, it moved to Connecticut.

While on Staten Island the school was housed in the former Garner Mansion near the corner of Castleton and Bard Avenues. The building still exists as part of the campus of Richmond University Medical Center. A nearby street named St. Austin's Place is a reminder of the school.

West New Brighton, Staten Island
West New Brighton (also called West Brighton) is a neighborhood of Staten Island, New York City, situated in the central area of North Shore. The neighborhood is bordered by New Brighton to the east, Port Richmond to the west, the waters of the Kill Van Kull to the north, and the communities of Sunnyside and Castleton Corners to the south.

West New Brighton is part of Staten Island Community District 1 and its ZIP Code is 10310. West New Brighton is patrolled by the 120th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.
John Wesley Gilbert
John Wesley Gilbert (July 6, 1863 – November 18, 1923) was an American archaeologist, educator, and Methodist missionary to the Congo. Gilbert was the first graduate of Paine College, its first African-American professor, and the first African-American to receive an advanced degree from Brown University.

Walter Russell Lambuth
Walter Russell Lambuth (November 10, 1854 – September 26, 1921) was a Chinese-born American Christian bishop who worked as a missionary establishing schools and hospitals in China, Korea and Japan in the 1880s.